m 
 
 lyW^ 
 
/c 
 
 CoHege of 3^f}p^imn^ anb burgeons: 
 Hihxaxp 
 
 \ 
 
^ 
 
 
>.■ 
 
5iUilitlll %tXUM, 
 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 MEDICAL SCIENCE; 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 A CONCISE EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, 
 
 HYGIENE, THERAPEUTICS, PHARMACOLOGY, OBSTETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, &v., 
 
 WITH THE FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMES ; NOTICES OF CLIMATE, AND OF 
 
 CELEBRATED MINERAL WATERS; FORMULiE FOR VARIOUS OFFICINAL, 
 
 EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS, ETC. 
 
 KOBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D.,LL.D., 
 
 eUOFIiSSOS OP THE INSTITUTES OP MEDICINE, ETC., IN JEFFERSON MEDICAL COIiEQE, PHILADELPHIA, 
 ■VICE-PKESIDENT OP THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETT, ETC. ETC. 
 
 THIRTEENTH EDITION, REVISED. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 BLANCH A RD AND LEA. 
 
 1856. 
 

 Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1851, by 
 BLANCHARDANDLEA, 
 
 in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the United States, in and for tLe 
 Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Printed ty T. K & P. G. Collirs. 
 
PEEFACE TO THE EIGHTH EDITION. 
 
 In issuing a new edition of his Dictionary the Author has, again, the pleasure 
 to express his acknowledgments for the reception it has met with from the profes- 
 sion. The last two editions comprised about nine thousand subjects and terms not 
 contained in the edition immediately preceding, many of which had been introduced 
 into medical terminology in consequence of the progress of the science, and others 
 had escaped him in the previous revisions. 
 
 That the author has not suffered his exertions to diminish, in the preparation of 
 the present edition, is sufficiently manifested by the fact, that he has added about 
 four thousand terms, which are not to be found in the last. These additions 
 have necessarily, required a great amount of labour, which has been cheerfully be- 
 stowed, however, in order that the work might be rendered still more worthy of the 
 vast favour which it has experienced. It has been the anxious desire of the author 
 to make it a satisfactory and desirable — if not indispensable — lexicon, in which the 
 student may search without disappointment for every term that has been legitimated 
 in the nomenclature of the science ; and the present very carefully revised, greatly 
 enlarged, and accurately printed edition cannot fail to be more extensively useful, 
 and to offer stronger claims to the attention of the practitioner and student, than 
 any of its predecessors. 
 
 BOBLEY DUNGLISON. 
 
 Philadelphia, 18 Girard Street. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 
 Open Knowledge Commons 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/medicallexicondi13dung 
 
EXTKACT FROM THE 
 
 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 
 
 The present undertaking was suggested by the frequent complaints, made by the 
 author's pupils, that they were unable to meet with information on numerous topics 
 of professional inquiry, — especially of recent introduction, — in the medical diction- 
 aries accessible to them. It may, indeed, be correctly affirmed, that we have no 
 dictionary of medical subjects and terms which can be looked upon as adapted to the 
 state of the science. In proof of this, the author need but remark, that he has found 
 occasion to add several thousand medical terms, which are not to be met with in the 
 only medical lexicon at this time in circulation in the country. 
 
 The author's object has not been to make a mere lexicon or dictionary of terms, 
 but to afford, under each, a condensed view of its various medical relations, and thus 
 to render the work an epitome of the existing condition of medical science. In its 
 ^preparation, he has freely availed himself of the English, French, and German 
 works of the same nature, and has endeavoured to add every subject and term of 
 recent introduction, which has fallen under his notice ; yet, with all his care, it will 
 doubtless be found that subjects have been omitted. The numerous additions, how- 
 ever, which he has made, and his strong desire to be useful, " by removing rubbish 
 and clearing obstructions from the paths through which learning and genius press 
 forward to conquest and glory," will, he trusts, extenuate these and other objections 
 that might be urged against the work ; especially when the toil, which every com- 
 piler of a dictionary must endure, is taken into consideration ; a toil which has been 
 so forcibly depicted by the great English Lexicographer, as well as by the distin- 
 guished Scaltger: 
 
 " Si quelqu'un a eommis quelque crime odieux, 
 S'il a tue son pere, ou blaspheme les Dieus, 
 Qu'il fafse un Lexicon: s'il est supplies au monde 
 ' Qui le punisse mieus, je veux que Ton me tonde." 
 
EXPLANATION, 
 
 If the simple synonymy of any term be needed, a mere reference to the term 
 may be sufficient ; but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained under 
 the term referred to. For example, the French word Tronc is said to be synony- 
 mous with Trunk. This may be sufficient for the inquirer: should it not, the 
 requisite information may be found by turning to Trunk. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED. 
 
 Arab. 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 Ch. 
 
 Chaussier. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dutch. 
 
 Da. 
 
 Danish. 
 
 E. 
 
 English. 
 
 F. 
 
 French. 
 
 F. or Fah. 
 
 Fahrenheit 
 
 Fam. 
 
 Family. 
 
 Gr. 
 
 Grerman. 
 
 Heb. 
 
 Hebrew. 
 
 I. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 It. 
 
 Irish. 
 
 L. 
 
 Latin. 
 
 Linn. 
 
 Linnaeus. 
 
 Nat. Ord. 
 
 Natural Order. 
 
 
 P. 
 
 Portuguese. 
 
 
 Ph.D. 
 
 Pharmacopoeia of Dublin. 
 
 Ph.E. 
 
 It 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Ph.L. 
 
 C( 
 
 London. 
 
 Ph. P. 
 
 i( 
 
 Paris. 
 
 Ph. U. S. 
 
 u 
 
 of the Uni- 
 ted States 
 of America. 
 
 R. 
 
 Reaumur. 
 
 
 S. 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 
 S.g. 
 
 Specific G-ravity. 
 
 
 Sax. 
 
 A.nglo-Saxon. 
 
 
 Sex. Syst. 
 
 Sexual System. 
 
 
 Sw. 
 
 Swedish. 
 
 
NEW DICTIONARY 
 
 MEDICAL SCIENCE. 
 
 A. 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 A, before a consonant; An before a vowel, a, av, 
 have, in the compound medical terms, a privative 
 or debasing signification, like that of the particles 
 in, im, un, ir, in English. Thus: Stheni'a means 
 Strength; — Astheni'a, want of strength; — AncB- 
 mia, want of blood, &c. Occasionally, in com- 
 pound words, they have an intensive meaning. 
 
 AACHEN, Aix-la-Chapelle. 
 
 A, or II. See Abbreviation. 
 
 AARZHIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. A. 
 is in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. The 
 chief spring contains chlorides of calcium and 
 Sijdium, sulphates of lime and soda, oxyd of iron, 
 and sulphohydric acid gas. 
 
 AASMUS, Anhelatio. 
 
 ABACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hydro- 
 sulphuretted saline spring, not fiir from Ratisbon 
 or Regentsberg in Bavaria. 
 
 ABAISSEMENT, Depression: see Cataract— 
 a. de la Ifatrice, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 ABAISSEUR BE L'AILE BU NEZ, De- 
 pressor alse nasi — a. de Vanfjle des levres, De- 
 pressor anguli oris — a. de la livre inferieure, 
 Depressor labii inferioris — a. de la niuchoire in- 
 ferieure, Digastricus — a. de I'ceil, Rectus inferior 
 oeuli. 
 
 ABALIENATIO MENTIS, Insanity. 
 
 ABALIENA'TUS. Co/t»^3'<hs, Corrupted; from 
 oh, and alienus, 'diiferent.' Membra ahaliena'ta. 
 Limbs dead or benumbed. — Celsus, Scribonius 
 Largus. 
 
 ABANGrA. Name given by the inhabitants of 
 St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the seeds 
 of which they consider very useful in diseases of 
 the chest, in the dose of three or four, two or 
 three times a day. 
 
 ABAPTIST'A. Abaptistonor Abaptis'tiim, from 
 a, privative, and ^airriE^uv, 'to plunge.' A term 
 applied to the old trepan, the conical shape of 
 which prevented it from plunging suddenly into 
 the cavity of the cranium. 
 
 ABAPTISTON, Abaptista. 
 
 ABAPTISTUM, Abaptista. 
 
 ABAREMO-TEMO. A Brazilian tree, which 
 grows in the mountains, and appears to bo a 
 mimosa. Piso relates that the decoction of its 
 bark, which is bitter and astringenty was applied 
 in that country, to ulcers of a bad character. 
 
 ABARNAHAS, Magnesia. 
 
 ABARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis and Synar- 
 throsis. 
 
 ABATARBISSENENT, Degeneration. 
 
 ABATTEMENT, Prostration. 
 
 ABATTIS, Giblets. 
 3 
 
 ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATERS OP. A 
 chalybeate spring, six leagues from Paris, and 
 one from Poissy. It was once much frequented, 
 but is now abandoned. 
 
 ABBEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. An 
 acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the depart- 
 ment of Somme, France. 
 
 ABBREVIA'TION, Abbrevia'tio, Brachyn'sis, 
 Brachys'mos, Abbreviatu'ra. (F.) Abreviation, 
 from brevis, 'short.' Abbreviations are chiefly 
 used in medicinal formulae. They are by no 
 means as frequently employed now as of old, when 
 every article had its appropriate symbol. The 
 chief abbreviations now adopted are the following : 
 
 R. Eecipe, Take. 
 
 A. U, ANA, {ava) utriusque, of each. 
 Abbom. Abdomen. 
 
 Abs. Febe. Absentefebre. In the absence of fever. 
 Ad. or Add. Addc or addatitr. 
 Ad Lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure. 
 Admov. Admoveatur, Let it be applied. 
 Alteen. Hoe. Altemis horis. Every other hour. 
 Alv. Adsteict. Alvo adstrictd, The bowels be- 
 ing confined. 
 
 Aq. Aqua, Water. 
 
 Aq. Comm. Aqua communis. Common water. 
 Aq. Font. Aqua fontis, Spring water. 
 Aq. Bull. Aqua buUiens, Boiling water. 
 Aq. Ferv. Aquafervens, Hot water. 
 Aq. Marin. Aqua marina, Sea water^ 
 
 B. A. Balneum arencB, A sand-bath. 
 Bals. Balsamum, Balsam. 
 
 BB. BBDS. Barbadensis, Bai'badoes, 
 
 Bib. Bibe, Drink. 
 
 Bis ind. Bis indies. Twice daily. 
 
 B. M. Balneum. maricB, A salt water bath- 
 
 BoL. Bolus. 
 
 Bull. Bulliat, Let it boil. 
 
 But. Butyrum, Butter. 
 
 B. V. Balneum vaporis, A vapour-bath. 
 C^RUL. Cceruleus, Blue. 
 
 Cap. Capiat, Let him take. 
 
 C. C. Oornu cervi. Hartshorn. 
 
 C. C. U. Cornu cervi ustum, Surnt hartsbomv 
 
 C. M. Cras man^. To-morrow morning. 
 
 C. N. Cras nocte, To-morrow night. 
 
 C. V. Cms vespiere. To-morrow evsning. 
 
 CoCHL. Cocldeare, A spoonful. 
 
 CocHL. Ampl. Cocldeare amplum, A larjja 
 spoonful. 
 
 CocHL. Inf. Cochleare infantum, A child's 
 spoonful. 
 
 CocHL. Mod. or Med. Cochleare modicvi^ o' 
 medium., A dessert-spoonful. 
 
 'Z3) 
 
ABBREVIATION 
 
 34 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 CoCHL. Pae V. OocJileareparvum, A tea-spoonful. 
 Col. Cola, and Colatura, Strain, and to the 
 strained, 
 
 CoMP. Compositus, Compound. 
 CoNF. Oonfectio, Confection. 
 Cons. Conserva, Conserve. 
 CoNT. Continuetur, Let It be continued. 
 CoQ. Coque, Boil. 
 CORT. Cortex, Bark. 
 Crast. Crastinus, For to-morrow. 
 Cuj. Cujus, Of whicli. 
 CtrjusL. Oujuslibet, Of any. 
 CyATH. Oyathus, A glassful. 
 Cyath. The^, a cup of tea. 
 D. Bosts, A dose. 
 
 D. et S. Detur et signetur, [placed at the end 
 of a prescription.) 
 
 D. D. Betur ad. Let it be given in or to. 
 D. D. ViTE. Betur ad vitrum. Let it be given 
 in a glass. 
 
 Deattr. Pil. Beaurentur pilules, Let the pills 
 be gilded. 
 
 Deb. Spiss. Behita spissitudo, A due consist- 
 ence. 
 
 Dec. Becanta, Pour off. 
 
 Decub. Becuhitus, Lying down, going to bed. 
 De D. in D. Be die in diem. From day to day. 
 Dej. Alv. Bejectiones aloi, Alvine evacuations. 
 Dep. Bepuratus, Purified. 
 Det. Betur, Let it be given. 
 DiEB. Altern. Biebus alternis, Every other day. 
 DiEB. Tert. Biebus tertiis. Every third day. 
 Dig. Bigeratur, Let it be digested. 
 DiL. Bilutus, Dilute. 
 Dim. Bimidius, One-half. 
 DiST. Bistilla, Distil. 
 Div. Bivide, Divide. 
 
 DoNEC Alv. Soltit. Fueb. Bonec ahus aolnta 
 fuerit. Until the bowels are opened. 
 Drach. Braehma, A drachm. 
 EjtrsD. Ejusdem, Of the same. 
 Enem. Enema, A clyster. 
 ExHiB. Exhibeatur, Let it be exhibited. 
 Ext. svper AiiVT. Extende super alutam, Spread 
 upon leather. 
 ■,F. Fiat, Let it be made. 
 J'. Pil. Fiat pilula. Make into a pill. 
 F. Ven^jS. or F. VS. Fiat venassectio, Let bleed- 
 ing be performed. 
 
 Feb. Ddr. Febre durante. The fever continuing. 
 Fem. Intern. Femoribue intemis, To the inside 
 of the thighs. 
 
 Fist. Armat. Fistula armata, A bag and pipe, 
 a clyster pipe and bladder fitted for use. 
 
 Fl. Fluidus, and Flores, Fluid, and Flowers. 
 Frust. Frustillatim, In small pieces. 
 Gel. Quavis, Gelatind qudvis. In any kind 
 ■of jelly. 
 
 Gr. G. G. Gummi guttcB GambioB, Gamboge. 
 Gr. •'Granum, A grain. 
 Gtt. Gutta, A drop. 
 
 Gtt. or Gutt. Quibusd. Guttia quib^wdamiWith 
 -some drops. 
 
 Gum. Gummi, Gum. 
 GuTTAT. Guttatim, By drops. 
 HoR. Decub. Ilord decubitus, At bed-time. 
 HoR. Interm. Horia intermediis. At interme- 
 diate hours. 
 
 H. S. Hoi-d Bomni, At bed-time. 
 Inf. Infunde, Infuse. 
 Tnd. Indies, Daily. 
 
 Inj. Enem. Lijicialur enema. Let a clyster be 
 given. 
 
 In Pulm. In pulmento. In gruel. 
 
 .Igl. Julepus, A julep. 
 
 Lat. Dol. Lateri dolenti, To the pained side. 
 
 Lb. and Lib. Libra, A pound weight. 
 
 Lib. Llb, Libra, Pounds. 
 
 LiQ. Liquor. 
 
 M. Misce, Mix. 
 
 Mac. Macera, Macerate. 
 
 Man. Manipidus, A handful. 
 
 Man. Prim. Maii^ prima, Early in the morning. 
 
 Mic. Pan. iMica paiiia, Crumb of bread. 
 
 MiN. Minimum, The 60th part of a drachm by 
 measure. 
 
 Mitt. Mitte, Send. 
 
 Mitt. Sang. Mittatur sanguis. Let blood be 
 drawn. 
 
 Mod. Prescript. Modo prceacripto, In the 
 manner directed. 
 
 MoR. Sol. More aolito. In the naaal manner. 
 
 Muc. Mucilago, Mucilage. 
 
 N. M. Nux moschata. Nutmeg. 
 
 0. Octarius, A pint. 
 
 01. Oleum, Oil. 
 
 Ol. Lini, S. I. Oleum lini sine igne, Cold-drawn 
 linseed oil. 
 
 Omn. Bid. Omni hiduo, Every two days. 
 
 Omn. Bih. Omni bihorio. Every two hours. 
 
 Omn. Hor. Omni hord. Every hour. 
 
 Omn. Man. Omni mane, Every morning. 
 
 Omn. Nocte, Every night. 
 
 Omn. Quadr. Hor. Omni quadrante Tiorte, 
 Every quarter of an hour. 
 
 0. 0. 0. Oleum olivcB optimum.. Best olive oil. 
 
 Ov. Ovum, An egg. 
 
 Ox. Oxymel. 
 
 Oz. Uncia, An ounce. 
 
 P. Pondere, By weight. 
 
 P. and Pug. Pngillus, A pugil. 
 
 P. 2&. Partes asquales. Equal parts. 
 
 Part. Vic. Partitis vicibus. In divided doses. 
 
 Peract. Op. Emet. Peractd operatione emetici. 
 The operation of the emetic being over. 
 
 Pil. Pilula, A pill. 
 
 Post Sing. Sed. Liq. Post singidaa sedea 
 liquidas, After every liquid evacuation. 
 
 Pot. Potio, A potion. 
 
 P. P. Pulvis patrum, Jesuits* bark. 
 
 P. Rat. ^tat. Pro ratione cetatis, According 
 to the age. 
 
 P. R. N. Pro re natd, As occasion may be. 
 
 PuLT. Pulvis, A powder. 
 
 Q. P. Quantum placeat. As much as may please. 
 
 Q. S. Quantum sufficiat, As much as is sufficient. 
 
 QuoR. Quorum, Of which, 
 
 Q. V. Quantum volueris, As much as you wish. 
 
 Rad. Radix, Root. 
 
 Ras. RasurcB, Shavings. 
 
 Rect. llectificatua, Rectified. 
 
 Red. or Redig. in Pulv. Redactus in pulve- 
 rem, or Redigatur in Pulverem, Powdered, or Let 
 it be powdered. 
 
 Reg. Umbil. Regio umbilici, The umbilical re- 
 gion. 
 
 Repet. Repetatur, Let it be repeated. 
 
 S. A. Secundum artem. According to art. 
 
 Sem. Semen, Seed. 
 
 Bemi-dr. Semi-drachma, Half a drachm. 
 
 Semi-h. Semi-hora, Half an hour. 
 
 Serv. Serva, Keep, preserve. 
 
 Sesquih. Sesquihora, An hour and a half. 
 
 Sesunc. Sesuncia, An ounce and a half. 
 
 Si Non Val. Si non valeat, If it does not answer. 
 
 Si Op. Sit. Si opus sit, If there be need. 
 
 Si Vir. Perm. Si vires permittant, If the strength 
 will permit. 
 
 SoLV. Solve, Dissolve. 
 
 Sp. and Spir. Spiritus, Spirit 
 
 Ss. Semi, One half. 
 
 St. Stet, Let it stand. 
 
 Sub Fin. Coct. Sub finem coctionis. Towards 
 the end of the boiling. 
 
 Sum. Sumat, Let him take; also, Summitate$f 
 The tops. 
 
ABCHS 
 
 35 
 
 ABDUCTOR 
 
 S. V. Spirtttia vini, Spirit of wine. 
 
 S. V. E. Spiritua vini rectificatus, Kectificd 
 spirit of wiae. 
 
 S. V. T. Spiritus vini tenuior, Proof spirit of 
 (vine. 
 
 Str. Syrupus, Syrup. 
 
 Temp. Dext. Tempori dextro, To the right 
 Jemple. 
 
 T. 0. Tinctura opir, Tincture of opium. 
 
 Tr., Tra. and Tinct. Tinctura, Tincture. 
 
 Trit. Tritura, Triturate. 
 
 V. 0. S. or ViT. Ot. Sol. Vitello ovi solutue, 
 Dissolved in the yolk of an egg. 
 
 VS. Ventssectio, Venesection. 
 
 Z. Z. Anciently myrrh: now zinziber or ginger. 
 
 lb, Libra, A pound. 
 
 ^, Uncia, An ounce. 
 
 X, Drachma, A drachm. 
 
 p, Scrupulum, A scruple. 
 
 1^, Minimum, A minim. 
 
 ss, Semissis, or half; iss, one and a half. 
 
 j, one; ij, two; iij, three; iv, four, &c. 
 
 The same system is not always followed in ab- 
 ftreviating. The subjoined wiU exhibit the usual 
 mode: 
 
 Infus. Oolomh. f 5iss 
 
 Ti7ict. Gent. c. f ^i 
 
 Syr. Cort. Juranf. f 3^S 
 
 Tinct. caps. gtt xl. M. 
 
 Capt. eoch. ij. p. r. n. 
 
 This, written at length, is as follows : 
 Kecipe 
 
 Jnfusi OolombcB sesqui-fluidunciam. 
 Tinctura GentianoB CompositcB fluidrachmam. 
 Syrupi Oorticis Aurantiorum semi-fiuidrach- 
 
 mam. 
 TincturcE Capsici guttas quadraginta. 
 Misce. 
 ^Capiat cochlearia duo pro re nat§,. 
 ABOES, Abscess — a. Aigu, see Abscess — a. 
 Ghaud, see Abscess^a. Ohronique, see Abscess — 
 a. Far congestion, see Abscess — a. Diathesique, 
 see Abscess — a. Froid, see Abscess — a. Metasta- 
 tique, see Abscess — a. Scrofuleux, see Abscess — 
 a. Soudain, see Abscess. 
 
 ABDO'MEN, from abdere, ' to conceal ;' — 
 Etron, Hypogas'trion, Hypocoe'Uum, Epis'chion, 
 Lap'ara, Hypochoi'lion, Gaster, Hypoii'trion, 
 Nedys, Abdu'men, Venter, Venter imus. Venter 
 in'Jimu^, Alvus, U'terue, The belly, (F.) Ventre, 
 V. inferieur. Bos ventre. The largest of the 
 three splanchnic cavities, bounded, above, by the 
 diaphragm ; below, by the pelvis ; behind, by the 
 lumbar vertebrae; and at the sides and fore part, 
 by muscular expansions. It is distinguished into 
 three anterior regions, from above to below; viz. 
 the epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric, each 
 of which is itself divided into three others, one 
 middle, and two lateral : thus, the e2nga8tric re- 
 gion comprises the epigastrium and hypochon- 
 dria; the umbilical, the umbilicus and flanks or 
 lumbar regions ; and the hyjiogastric, the hypo- 
 gastrium and iliac regions. None of these re- 
 gions has its limits well defined. The chief vis- 
 cera contained in the cavity of the abdomen, 
 Cce'lia, Cavum Abdom'inis, are the stomach, in- 
 testines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, &c. It 
 is lined by the peritoneum. 
 
 Abdomejt, Pendulous, Physconia. 
 ABDOM'INAL, Abdomina'lis, Ventra'lis, Ven- 
 tral. That which belongs to the Abdomen, as 
 abdominal muscles, abdominal viscera, &c. 
 
 ABDOMINIS EXPLORATIO, Abdominos- 
 copia. 
 
 • ABDOMINISCOP'IA, Gastroscop'ia. A hy- 
 brid word, from Abdomen, 'the lower belly,' and 
 cKOTzcia, 'I view;' Laparoscop'ia, Abdom'inis Ex- 
 
 plora'tio. Examination of the lower belly as a 
 means of diagnosis. See Auscultation. 
 
 ABDUCENS LABIORUM, Levator anguli 
 oris. 
 
 ABDUCENTES, Motor oculi externus. 
 
 ABDUCTEUR DE L'CEIL, Rectus externus 
 oculi — a. de I'oreille, Abductor auris — a. du groi 
 orteil, Abductor pollicis pedis — a. du petit ortvil. 
 Abductor minimi digiti pedis — a. court du ponce, 
 Abductor pollicis brevis — a. long du ptouce, Ab- 
 ductor longus pollicis. 
 
 ABDUCTION, Abduc'tio, from abducere, to 
 separate, {ab and ducere, 'to lead.') The move- 
 ment which separates a limb or other part from 
 the axis of the body. 
 
 The word has also been used synonymously 
 with Abrup'tio, Ajiag'ma, Apoclas'ma, a fracture 
 near the articular extremity of a bone, with sepa- 
 ration of the fragments. 
 
 ABDUCTOR, same etymon. (F.) Abductenr. 
 A muscle which moves certain parts by separat- 
 ing them from the axis of the body. 
 
 Abductor Auricularis, Abductor auris — r.. 
 Indicis pedis, Prior indicis pedis. Posterior indit-Ki 
 pedis — a. Medii digiti pedis. Prior medii digiti 
 pedis — a. Minimi digiti. Flexor parvus minimi 
 digiti — a. Minimi digiti. Prior minimi digiti — a. 
 Oculi, Rectus externus oculi — a. Pollicis manfis, 
 and a. Brevis alter. Abductor pollicis brevis. 
 
 Abductor Auris, Abductor auricula'ris. (F. ) 
 Abducteur de'l'oreille. A portion of the posterior 
 auris, whose existence is not constant, which 
 passes from the mastoid process to the concha. 
 
 Abductor In'dicis, Semi-interos'seus in'dicie. 
 A muscle which arises from the os trapezium and 
 metacarpal bone of the thumb, and is inserted 
 into the first bone of the forefinger. Its use is to 
 bring the forefinger towards the thumb. 
 
 Abductor Min'imi Dig"iti, Carpio-phalan'geus 
 min'imi digiti, Carpo-phalangien du petit doigt, 
 Exten'sor ter'tii interno'dii minimi digiti — (Dou- 
 glas.) Hypoth'enar minor metacarpeus. See 
 Flexor parvus. It originates fleshy from the os 
 pisiforme, and from the annular ligament near 
 it; and is inserted, tendinous, into the inner side 
 of the base of the first bone of the little finger. 
 Use, to draw the little finger from the rest. 
 
 Abductor Minimi Digiti Pedis, Calco-sul- 
 phalangeus minimi digiti, Calcaneo-phalangien 
 du petit orteil, Farath'enar major — (By WinF- 
 low, the muscle is divided into two portions, — 
 Farathenar major and metatarseus.) Oalcaneo- 
 sous-phalangien du petit orteil — (Ch.) (F.) jib- 
 ducteur du petit orteil. This muscle forms the 
 outer margin of the sole of the foot, and is im- 
 mediately beneath the plantar aponeurosis. It 
 arises, tendinous and fleshy, from the outer side 
 of the protuberance of the os calcis, and from 
 the root of the metatarsal bone of the little toe, 
 and is inserted into the outer part of the root 
 of the first bone of the little toe. Use, to draw 
 the little toe outwards. 
 
 Abductor Pol'licis Brevis, Abdttctor Polli- 
 cis Ifanils, Scapho-carpc-super-phalangeus Fol- 
 licis, Sus-phalangien du ponce, A. pollicis manux 
 and A. brevis alter — (Albinus.) (F.) Abductenr 
 court du jiouce, Carpo-sus-phalangien du pouce — 
 (Ch.) A short, flat, triangular muscle, which arises 
 from the anterior surface of the os scaphoides anci 
 the annular ligament of the carpus, and termi- 
 nates at the outside of the upper extremity of 
 the first phalanx of the thumb. A particular 
 portion, on the inner side of this muscle, is 
 called, by Albinus, Abductor brevis alter. 
 
 Abductor Longus Pollicis, A. I. F. Mantis, 
 Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis mantis, Extensor 
 primi internodii — (Douglas,) Extensor primus 
 Follicis, GMbito-radi-sus-rnetacarpiiii, 'lu poucf-, 
 
ABDUMEN 
 
 36 
 
 ABORTION 
 
 CuMto-sus-mHacarpien du pouce, — (Ch.) (F.) 
 Abducteur long du pouce. A long, thin muscle, 
 arising from the posterior surface of the ulna, 
 radius, and interosseous ligament, and inserted 
 at the outer side of the upper extremity of the 
 first metacarpal bone. 
 
 Abductor Pollicis Pedis, Calco-sub-phalan- 
 geiia Pol'licis. (F.) Abducteur du groa orteil. 
 This muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior and 
 inner part of the protuberance of the os calcis, 
 and tendinous from the same bone where it joins 
 with the OS naviculare. It is inserted, tendinous, 
 into the internal os sesamoideum and root of the 
 tirst bone of the great toe. Use, to pull the great 
 toe from the rest. 
 
 The name Abductor has been given also to all 
 those interosseous muscles of the hand and foot, 
 which perform the motion of abduction on the 
 fingers or toes, and to muscles which execute the 
 same function on other parts of the body. 
 ABDUMEN, Abdomen. 
 
 ABEBiE'OS, from a, neg. and Pe^atos, 'firm,' 
 Infir'mus, Deb'ilis. Weak, infirm, unsteady. 
 ABEILLE, Bee. 
 
 ABELMELUCH. One of the names of the Rici- 
 nus, according to some authors. — Prosper Alpinus 
 says that a tree, which grows about Mecca, is so 
 called. Its seeds, which are black and oblong, 
 are said to be a most violent cathartic. 
 
 ABELMOSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus— a. 
 Mosehatus, Hibiscus abelmoschus. < 
 ABELMUSK, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 ABENSBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF. A. 
 is a city of Bavaria, where there is a cold, sul- 
 phureous spring. 
 
 ABERRATIO, Aberration — a. Lactis, Galac- 
 toplania — a. Mensium, Menstruation, vicarious — 
 a. Menstruorum, Menstruation, vicarious. 
 
 ABERRA'TION, Aberra'tio, from aberrare, 
 {ah and errare,) 'to stray,' 'to wander from.' 
 This word has several meanings. 
 
 1. The passage of a fluid of the living body 
 into an order of vessels not destined for it. In 
 this sense it is synonymous with the Error Loci 
 of Boerhaave. 
 
 2. The flow of a fluid towards an organ different 
 from that to which it is ordinarily directed ; as in 
 cases of vicarious hemorrhage. Aberrations of 
 sense ov judgment are certain errors in the percep- 
 tions, or certain derangements of the intellectual 
 faculties. 
 
 The word- is used in optics to designate the dis- 
 persion of the rays of light in passing through a 
 lens. 
 
 Aberhation, Chromatic, Aberration of Re- 
 frangibUity. 
 
 Aberration of Refeangibil'itt, Ohromat'ic 
 aberra'tion, exists, when, as in a common lens, 
 the rays that pass near the circumference of the 
 lens are decomposed, so that a coloured image is 
 observed. This aberration in the human eye is 
 corrected by the iris, which does not permit the 
 rays to fall near the circumference of the lens, 
 and also by the crystalline lens itself, which, 
 owing to its structure, serves the purposes of an 
 achromatic glass. 
 
 Aberration, Spherical, Aberration of sphe- 
 ricity. 
 
 Aberration of Spheric"ity or spher'ical ab- 
 erra'tion takes place, when the rays, as in a com- 
 mon lens, which pass through the centre of the 
 Ions, and those which pass near the circumfer- 
 ence, are unequally refracted, so that they do not 
 meet a^ a common focus. 
 
 This aberration of sphericity in the human eye 
 U corrected by the iris. 
 
 ABESSI, Realgar. 
 
 ABEVACUiV'TIO, Apoceno'sis, from ab, and 
 
 evacuare, 'to empty.' An evacuation. A partial 
 or imperfect evacuation. By some it is applied 
 to an immoderate evacuation. — Kraus. 
 
 ABHAL. A fruit well known in India, and 
 obtained from a species of cypress. It passes for 
 an emmenagogue. 
 
 ABIES, Pinus picea — a. Balsamea, Pinus bal- 
 samea. 
 
 Abies Balsamifera, Pinus balsamea — a. Ca- 
 nadensis, Pinus Canadensis — a. Excelsa, see Pinus 
 abies — a. Gallica, Pinus picea — a. Larix, Pinus 
 larix — a. Pectinata, Pinus picea — a. Picea, Pinus 
 picea — a. Rubra, Pinus rubra. 
 ABIGA, Teucrium Chamtepitys. 
 ABIOSIS, Death. 
 ABIOTOS, Conium maculatum. 
 ABIRRITA'TION. Abirrita'tio,fTom a5, priva- 
 tive, and iVniafio, 'irritation.' This word strictly 
 means absence or defect of irritation. The disci- 
 ples of Broussais used it to indicate a pathological 
 condition, opposite to that of irritation. It may 
 be considered as synonymous with debility, 
 asthenia, &c. 
 
 ABLACTATIO, Weaning. 
 ABLASTES, Sterile. 
 ABLATIO, Extirpation. 
 
 ABLEPH'ARUS, from a, privative, and /JXe- 
 <j>aoov, 'eyelid.' One who has no eyelids. 
 ABLEPSIA, Cajcitas. 
 ABLUENTIA, Detergents. 
 ABLU'TION, Ahlu'tio, Aponip'sis, Cataclys'- 
 mvs, from abluere, {ab and lucre,) 'to wash.' A 
 name given to legal ceremonies in which the 
 body is subjected to particular affusions. Ablution 
 (especially of the extremities) with cold or tepid 
 water is employed, therapeutically, to reduce 
 febrile heat. Also, the washing by which medi- 
 cines are separated from the extraneous matters 
 mixed with them. 
 
 ABNORMAL, Abnormous. 
 ABNORMITY, Anomalia. 
 ABNOR'MOUS, Abnor'mal, (F.) Aiwrmal, 
 from ab, * from,' and norma, ' rule.' Not con 
 formable to rule ; irregular. 
 
 ABOLP'TION, AboW'tio, destruction or sup- 
 pression, from ah and hiere (?) 'to wash.' A 
 word, often employed, especially by the French, 
 to express the complete suspension of any symp- 
 tom or function. Abolition of the sight, e. g. is 
 the complete loss of sight. 
 
 ABOMA'SUS, Aboma'sum, Enys'tron, Sennet. 
 The lowermost or fourth stomach of ruminating 
 animals. 
 
 ABOMINATIO, Disgust. 
 ABONDANCE, Plethora. 
 AEORSIO, Abortion. 
 ABORSUS, Abortion. 
 ABORTICIDIUM, Foeticide. 
 ABORTIF, Abortive. 
 ABORTIFACIENS, Abortive. 
 ABORTION, Ahor'tus, Abor'sus, Abor'sio, Drjs- 
 to'eia aborti'va, Omoto'cia, Paracye'sis abortus, 
 Amblo'sis, Amblo'iiia, Amhlos'mus, Ec'bole, Erti- 
 bryotoc'ia, Diaph'thora, Ectro'sis, Exaniblo'mo, 
 Examblo'sis, Ectros'mos, Apopalle'sis, Apopal'six, 
 Apoph'thora, Phthora, Uonvxd'sio u'teri, Dcper- 
 di'tio. {¥.) Avortement,Blcssure, Miscarriage, from 
 ab and oriri, 'to rise,' applied to that which ha.« 
 arisen out of season. The expulsion of the foetus 
 before the seventh month of iitero-gestation, or 
 before it is viable. The causes of this accident 
 are referriblo either to the mother, and particu- 
 larly to the uterus; or to the foetus and its de- 
 pendencies. The causes, in the mother, may be : 
 — extreme nervous susceptibility, great debility, 
 plethora; faulty conformation, &c.; and it is fre- 
 quently induced immediately by^ intense mental 
 emotion, violent exercise, &c. The causes seated 
 
ABORTIVB 
 
 37 
 
 ABSINTHITES 
 
 In the foetus are its death, rupture of the mem- 
 branes, <fcc. It most frequently occurs between 
 the 8th and 12th weeks of gestation. The symp- 
 toms of abortion are : — uterine hemorrhage with 
 or without flakes of decidua, with intermitting 
 pain. "When abortion has once taken place, it is 
 extremely apt to recur in subsequent pregnancies 
 about the same period. Some writers have called 
 abortion, when it occurs prior to three months, 
 Effluxion. The treatment must vary according to 
 the constitution of the patient and the causes giv- 
 ing rise to it. In all cases, the horizontal posture 
 and perfect quietude are indispensable. 
 
 Abortion is likewise applied to the product of 
 an untimely birth, — Ahor'tus, Abor'sits, Apohle'- 
 ma, Apob'ole, Eehlo'ma, Amhlothrid'ion, Ectro'ma, 
 Fruc'tm immatu'rus, Ahortment. (F.) Avorton, 
 Avortin. 
 
 TO ABORT, JiSoWrt. To miscarry. (F.)^TOrfe?-. 
 
 ABOR'TIVE, Ahorti'vus, Eeboi'ius, Amhlo'ti- 
 CU8, Amblothrid'ium, Ambol'icus, Phthor'ius, Apo- 
 j}hthor'ius, Ectrot'ieus, Aborti/a'eiens, Aeyte'- 
 rius, Expel'lens, Phthiroc' tonus, Fhthoroc' tonus, 
 Ecbol'tcus, Oontrac'tor u'teri, Accel era' tor Partus, 
 Parturient, Parturifa'cient, Echolic. (F.) Abor- 
 tif. A medicine to which is attributed the pro- 
 perty of causing abortion. There is probably 
 no direct agent of the kind. 
 
 ABORTMENT, Abortion. 
 
 ABORTUS, Abortion. 
 
 ABO UOHEMENT, Anastomosis. 
 
 ABOULAZA, a tree of Madagascar, used, ac- 
 cording to Flacourt, in the practice of the coun- 
 try, in diseases of the heart. 
 
 ABOUTISSEMENT, Suppuration. 
 
 ABRABAX, Abrasax, Abraxas. A mystic 
 term, expressing the number 365, to which the 
 Cabalists attributed miraculous properties. 
 
 ABRACADA'BRA: the name of a Syrian 
 Idol, according to Selden. This word, when 
 pronounced and repeated in a certain form and 
 a certain number of times, was supposed to have 
 the power of curing fevers and preventing many 
 diseases. It was figured on amulets and worn 
 suspended around the neck. 
 
 31X3X1X31X 
 
 -IXDXTX3TX 
 
 X3X3S31X 
 
 3 X T X 3 1 X 
 
 X 1 X 3 1 X 
 
 n X 3 1 X 
 
 X 3 ■) X 
 
 3 n X 
 
 1 X 
 X 
 
 ABRACALAN, A cabalistic term to which the 
 Jews attributed the same virtue as to the word 
 Abracadabra. 
 
 ABRASAX, Abrabax. 
 
 ABRA'SION, Abra'sio, Aposi/r'ma, Apoxys'- 
 mus, from ahradere, {ab and radere,) 'to rasp.' 
 A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance, 
 under the form of small shreds, in the mucous 
 membrane of the intestines, — (F.) Raelures des 
 Boyanx. Also, an ulceration of the skin, pos- 
 sessing similar characters. According to Vicq 
 d'Azyr, the word has been used for the absorp- 
 tion of the molecules composing the various 
 organs. * 
 
 ABRATHAN, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 ABRAXAS, Abrabax. 
 
 ABREVIATION, Abbreviation. 
 
 ABRIGOT, Prunus Armeniaca. 
 
 ABROSIA, Abstinence. 
 
 ABROTANUM, Artemisia abrotanum — a. 
 
 Cathsum, Artemisia abrotanum — a. Mas, Arte- 
 misia abrotanum. 
 
 ABROTONI'TES, (oivoy, 'wine,' understood.) 
 Wine impregnated with Artemisia Abrotanum or 
 Southernwood. 
 ABROTONUM, Artemisia Abrotanum. 
 ABRUPTIO, Abduction. 
 
 ABRUS PRECATO'RIUS, Liq'uorice Bush, 
 Red Bean, Love pea. A small ornamental shrub, 
 found from Florida to Brazil, as well as in Egypt 
 and the West Indies ; A\it. Ord. Leguminosse. 
 Sex. Syst. Monadelphia enneandria; having beau- 
 tiful scarlet seeds with a black spot. The roots 
 and leaves are sweet mucilaginous demulcents. 
 The seeds of the American kind are considered 
 to be purgative and poisonous. 
 
 ABSCESS, from abscedo, {abs, and cedere,) ' I 
 depart,' or ' separate from.' Absces'sus, Abscee'- 
 sio, Aphiste'sis, Aposte'ma, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'sis, 
 Reces'sus, Impos'thume. {'S.) Abels, Depot. A col- 
 lection of pus in a cavity, the result of a morbid 
 process. See Pyogenia, and Suppuration. 
 
 The French have various distinctive terms for 
 Abscesses. 
 
 ABOES CHAUD, AIGU, SOUDAIN, is one 
 which follows violent inflammation. 
 
 ABCES FROID, GHRONIQUE, SOROFU- 
 LEUX, one which is the result of chronic or 
 scrofulous inflammation. 
 
 ABGES PAR CONGESTION, A. diathe- 
 siqne, a symptomatic abscess ; one which occurs 
 in a part at a distance from the inflammation by 
 which it is occasioned : e. g. a lumbar abscess; 
 in which the inflammation may be in the lumbar 
 vertebra, whilst the pus exhibits itself at the 
 groin. 
 
 Abscess, Metastat'ic, Absces'sus metastat'- 
 icm, (F.) Abces metastatique ; A. eonseeutif, an 
 abscess, which forms suddenly, and sometimes 
 without any precursory signs of inflammation, in 
 a part of the body remote from one in a state 
 of suppuration, and without presenting a suffi- 
 cient reason for its development in the pla.ce 
 which it occupies. It is a consequence of phle- 
 bitis. 
 
 Abscess, Perforating op the Lung, see 
 Lung, perforating abscess of the — a. Psoas, Lum- 
 bar abscess — a. Retropharyngeal, see Retropha- 
 ryngeal. 
 
 Abscessus Capitis Sanguineus Neonatorum, 
 Cephalsematoma— a. Cerebri, Encephalopyosis— 
 a. Gangreenescens, Anthrax — a. Gangraenosus, 
 Anthrax — a. Lacteus, Mastodynia apostematosa 
 — a. Lumborum, Lumbar abscess — a. Mammae, 
 Mastodynia apostematosa — a. Metastaticus, Ab- 
 scess, metastatic — a. Nucleatus, Furuneulus— a. 
 Oculi, Hypopyon— a. Pectoris, Empyema— a. 
 Pulmonum, Pneumapostema — a. Renalis, Ne- 
 phrapostasis— a. Spirituosus, Aneurism — a. Tho- 
 racis, Empyema — a. Urinosus, Urapostema. 
 ABSCISSIO PR^PUTII, Circumcision. 
 ABSCIS'SION, Abscis'io, Abscis'aio, from db- 
 scidere or abscindere, 'to cut off,' Apoc'ope, 
 Apothrau'sis, Biac'ope. Excision or extirpation 
 of a part, especially of a soft part. — Fabricius 
 Hildanus. 
 
 Fracture or injury of soft parts, with loss of 
 substance. — Hippocrates. 
 
 Diminution, or loss of voice. — Celsus. 
 Sudden and premature termination of a dis- 
 ease. — Galen. 
 
 ABSCONSIO, Sinus. 
 
 ABSENCE DU BRUIT RESPIRATOIRJi, 
 see Murmur, respiratory. 
 
 ABSINTHI'TES, axpiv^irvg, ApsintM'tes,'WiM 
 impregnated with Absinthium or Wormwood.- - 
 Dioscorides. 
 
ABSINTHIUM 
 
 38 
 
 ACAJOU 
 
 ABSINTHIUM, (Ph. U. S.,) Artemisia ab- 
 ginthium — a. Marinum, Artemisia maritima — a. 
 Maritimum, Artem^isia maritima — a. Ponticum, 
 Artemisia pontica — a. Ptomanum, Artemisia pon- 
 tica — a. Santonicum, Artemisia santonica — a. 
 Vulgare, Artemisia absiDthium. 
 
 ABSORBANT, Absorbent. 
 
 ABSOPt'BENT, Ahsor'hens, from absorhere, {ah 
 and sorhere,) 'to drink, to suck up.' (F.) Ah- 
 surhant. That which absorbs. 
 
 Absorbent System is the collection of vessels, 
 Vasa ahsorhen'tia sen resorben'tia, and glands, 
 ■which concur in the exercise of absorption. 
 
 A medicine used for absorbing acidity in the 
 stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, <fcc. In- 
 vertene, JResor'bena, Sat'urans. 
 
 Also, any substance, such as cobweb, sponge, 
 Ac, which, when applied to a bleeding surface, 
 retains the blood, and forms with it a solid and 
 adhesive compound, which arrests the hemor- 
 rhage. 
 
 ABSORPTIO, Absorption — a. Sanguinis, 
 Hsemorrhophesis. 
 
 ABSOPlP'TION, Resorp'tio, Inhala'tio. Im- 
 hih'V'tio, Absorp'tio, Anar'rhojjhe, AnarropJie'sis, 
 Gatapino'stB, Bhoebde'sis, Catarrhophe'sis, Qa- 
 tar' rhophe j same etymon. The function of ab- 
 sorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take up 
 substances from without or within the body. Two 
 great divisions have been made of this function. 
 1. External absorption, or the absorption of com- 
 position, which obtains from without the organs 
 the materials intended for their composition ; 
 and, 2. Internal absorption, or the absorption of 
 decomposition, which takes up from the organs 
 the materials that have to be replaced by the 
 exhalants. 
 
 By external absorption is meant not only that 
 which takes place at the external surface of the 
 body, but also that of the mucous membranes of 
 the digestive and respiratory passages. Hence, 
 again, the division of external absorption into cu- 
 ta)ieou8 — resorp'tio cuta'nea seu cutis, inhala'tio 
 cutis, — intestinal or digestive, and pulmonary or 
 respiratory. 
 
 Internal absorption is also subdivided into, 
 
 1. Ilolecular or interstitial, nutritive, organic, or 
 decomposing, which takes up from each organ the 
 materials that constitute it, so that the decompo- 
 sition is always in equilibrio with the deposition. 
 
 2. The absorption of recremcntitial secreted fluids, 
 such as the fluid of serous membranes, synovia, 
 ic. As these are constantly exhaled on surfaces 
 which have no external outlet, they would aug- 
 ment indefinitely, if absorption did not remove 
 them in the same proportion as that in which they 
 are deposited. 3. The absorption of a ptart of the 
 excrementitial fluids, as they pd.ss over the excre- 
 tory passages. 
 
 Absorption does not effect the decomposition of 
 the body immediately. It merely prepares the 
 fluid which has to be eliminated by the secretory 
 organs. 
 
 The great agents of external absorption are the 
 veins and chyHferous vessels; of internal absorp- 
 tion, probably the lymphatics. In the chylife- 
 rous vessels and lymphatics the fluid is always 
 found to possess the same general properties. 
 In them, therefore, an action of elaboration or 
 selection must have taken jjlace. The veins, on 
 the other hand, seem to exert no selection. Any 
 fluid, possessing the necessary tenuity, passes 
 through the coats of the vessel readily by imbibi- 
 tion, and proceeds along with the torrent of the 
 circulation. Watery fluids in this manner enter 
 lh« blood when they are taken into the stomach, 
 fiw^stances that require digestion, on the other 
 
 hand, must pass through the chyliferons vessels 
 and thoracic duct. 
 
 Absorption or Composition, see Absorption — 
 a. Cu taneous, see Absorption — a. of Decomposi- 
 tion, see Absorption — a. Digestive, see Absorp- 
 tion — a. External, see Absorption — a. of Excre- 
 mentitial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption — a. 
 Internal, see Absorption — a. Intestinal, see Ab- 
 sorption — a. Interstitial, see Absorption — a. Mole- 
 cular, see Absorption — a. Nutritive, see Absorption 
 — a. Organic, see Absorption — a. Pulmonary, see 
 Absorption — a. of Piecrementitial Secreted Fluids, 
 see Absorption — a. Respiratory, see Absorption. 
 
 ABSTE3IE, Abstemious. 
 
 ABSTE'MIOUS, Abste'mius, Aoi'nos, from abs, 
 'without,' and temetum, 'wine.' (F.) Absthne. 
 Used by the ancient writers, as well as by the 
 French, in the sense only of its roots; one who 
 abstains from wine or fermented liquors in ge- 
 neral. 
 
 ABSTEPtGENTIA, Detergents. 
 
 ABSTERSIVA, Detergents. 
 
 ABSTERSOEIA, Detergents. 
 
 AB'STINENCE, Abstinen'tia, fromoJs, 'from,' 
 and tenere, 'to hold,' Abros'ia, Asit'ia, Liman'- 
 chia, Limocton'ia, Fasting. Privation, usually 
 voluntary, as when we speak of abstinence from 
 pleasure, abstinence from drink, &c. It is more 
 particularly used to signify voluntary privation of 
 certain articles of food. Fasting is a useful re- 
 medial agent in certain diseases, particularly in 
 those of an inflammatory character. 
 
 ABSUS, a kind of cassia — C. Ahsus — which 
 grows in Egypt and in India, the seeds of which, 
 pulverized and mixed with powdered sugar have 
 been employed, in form of a dry collyrium, in the 
 endemic ophthalmia of Egypt. 
 
 ABU'LIA; from a, 'privative,' and /JowX);, 'will.' 
 Loss of the will, or of volition. 
 
 ABU'LICUS; same etymon. One who has lost 
 the power of will or of volition. 
 
 ABUS BE S0I-3IEME, Masturbation. 
 
 ABUTA, Pareira brava. 
 
 ABU'TILON CORDA'TUM, Sida abutilon, 
 Yellow mallow. An indigenous plant, common 
 from Canada to Mexico, which resembles common 
 mallow in its medical virtues, being mucilaginous 
 and demulcent. 
 
 ABVACUA'TIO, an excessive or colliquative 
 evacuation of any kind. 
 
 ACACIA, (Ph. U.S.) Acaciae gummi— a. Cate- 
 chu, Catechu — a. False, Robinia pseudo-acacia — 
 a. Germaniea, see Prunus spinosa — a. Girafi'ae, see 
 Accaeise gummi — a. Horrida, see Acacise gummi 
 — a. Indica, Tamarindus — a. Nilotiea, see Acaeisa 
 gummi — a. Nostras, see Prunus spinosa — a. Sene- 
 gal, see Acaciae gummi — a. Vera, see Acacise gum- 
 mi — a. Zeyloniea, Hsematoxylon Campechianum. 
 
 ACACIA GUMMI, Aca'cia, from okt,, 'a 
 point,' so called in consequence of its spines, G. 
 Aca'cim Arab'iccB, G. Arab'icum, G. Acanth'inum, 
 G. Leucum, G. Theba'icum, G. Serapio'nis, G. 
 Lamac, G. Senega, or Seneca, (see Senegal, gum,) 
 Gum Ar'abic. (F.) Govime Arabique. The gum 
 of the Aca'ci'a seu3Iimo'sa Nilot'ica, Aca'cia vera, 
 Spina uEgi/ptiaca, of Upper Egypt, A'at. Ord. 
 Mimoseae. Sex. Syst. Polygamia Monoecia. It 
 is in irregular pieces, colourless or of a pale yel- 
 low colour, hard, brittle, of a shining fracture, 
 transparent, soluble in water, and insoluble in 
 alcohol, s. g. 1-4317. 
 
 It is mucilaginous ; but is rarely used, except 
 in pharmacy. Sometimes it is administered alone 
 as a demulcent. 
 
 Acacia Horrida and A. Giraffce, of South Afri- 
 ca, yield a good gum. 
 
 AOAJOU, Anacardium occidentale. 
 
ACAMATUS 
 
 39 
 
 ACCIDENTAL 
 
 AcAJtTBA Officinalis, Anacardium occiden- 
 tale. 
 
 Acal'ypha Virgin'ica, Three-seeded mer'cury. 
 Order, Euphorbiacese, indigenous, flowering in 
 August, is said to have expectorant and diuretic 
 properties. 
 
 ACAM'ATUS, from a, priv., and Kaiivm, '1 la- 
 bour.' This word has been sometimes used for 
 a good constitution of the body. According to 
 Galen, it means that position in which a limb is 
 intermediate between flexion and extension ; a 
 position which may be long maintained without 
 fatigue. 
 
 AGAMPSIA, Contractura. 
 
 ACANOS, Onopordium acanthium. 
 
 AcANOS Spina, Onopordium acanthium. 
 
 ACANTHA, Vertebral column. Also, Spinous 
 process of a vertebra. 
 
 ACANTHAB'OLUS, Acan'thulus, Volsel'la, 
 from axavSa, 'a spine,' and ^aX\u>, ' I cast out.' 
 A kind of forceps for removing extraneous sub- 
 stances from wounds. — Paulus of ^gina, Fabri- 
 cius ab Aquapendente, Scultetus, &c. 
 
 ACANTHALZUGA, Echinops. 
 
 ACANTHE FAUSSE, Heracleum spondy- 
 lium. 
 
 ACANTHIUM, Onopordium acanthium. 
 
 AGANTHULUS, Acanthabolos. 
 
 ACANTHUS MOLLIS, same etymon as Aca- 
 cia, Melamphyl'lum, Branca ursi'na seu vera, 
 Brankur'sine, Bear's Breech. (F.) Pied d'ours. 
 This plant is mucilaginous like Althaea, and is 
 used as a demulcent. 
 
 ACAPATLI, Piper longum. 
 
 ACAR'DIA, from a, priv., and KapSia, 'the 
 heart.' The state of a foetus without a heart. 
 
 ACARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the. 
 
 AC'ARICIDE, from acarus, and ccedere, ' to 
 kill.' A destroyer of acari, — as of the acarus 
 scabies. 
 
 ACARICOBA. The Brazilian name for Hy- 
 drocot'yle iimhella'tum, used by the Indians as 
 an aromatic, alexipharmic, and emetic. 
 
 AGARON, Myrica gale. 
 
 AGARP'jJI, from a, 'privative,' and icapirog, 
 'fruit.' A division of the family of cutaneous 
 diseases by Fuchs, in which there is no "fruit," 
 (Germ. Frucht,) or production from the cutane- 
 ous surface — tubercles, vesicles or pustules. 
 Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria, and Pityriasis be- 
 long to it. 
 
 ACARUS, from o, privative, and Kaprig, 'di- 
 visible.' A minute insect, one species of which 
 has been noticed by several observers, in the 
 itch. The Acarus Scahiei, see Psora. 
 
 Acarus Giro, see Psora — a. Gomedonum, 
 Acarus FoUiculorum. 
 
 Ac'arus Gros'sei. An insect supposed by 
 Mr. Crosse, of England, to have been developed 
 in a solution of silicate of potassa when submitted 
 to slow galvanic action, for the purpose of obtain- 
 ing crystals of sUex. It did not, however, prove 
 to be a new formation. 
 
 Acarus Folliculo'euji, Entozo'on FolUeulo'- 
 rvm, A. Qomedo'num, De'modex follicvlo' rum, 
 Simo'nea folliculo' rum, Steatozo'on folliculo'rum, 
 Macrogas'ter plat'ypua. An articulated animal- 
 cule, discovered in the sebaceous substance of the 
 cutaneous follicles. According to Professor Owen, 
 it belongs to the Arachnida. 
 
 Acarus Scabiei, Acarus, see Psora. 
 
 ACATALEP'SIA, from a, privative, and Kara- 
 Xa/iliavo), 'I comprehend.' Uncertainty in dia- 
 gnosis. Its opposite is Gatalepsia. — Galen. 
 
 ACATAP'OSIS, from a privative, and xara- 
 nodis, 'deglutition.' Incapacity of swallowing. 
 Vogel has given this name to diflSculty of deglu- 
 tition. 
 
 ACATASTAT'IC, Acatastat'icus, from a, priv., 
 and Ka&icTr]f).i, 'to determine.' An epithet given 
 to fevers, &c., when irregular in their periods or 
 symptoms. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ACATHAR'SIA, from a, priv., and Ka&aipi^u:, 
 'I purge;' Sordea, Impurities. Omission of a pur- 
 gative. — Foesius, 
 
 ACATSJAVAL'LI, a Malabar plant, which is 
 astringent and aromatic. A bath of it is used in 
 that country in cases of hemicrania. It is sup- 
 posed to be the Casaytha filiformis of Linnajus. 
 
 ACAWERIA, Ophioxylum serpentinum. 
 
 ACCABLEMENT, Torpor. 
 
 ACOELERATEUR, Accelerator urinse. « 
 
 ACCELERATOR PARTUS, Abortive. 
 
 Accelera'tor Uri'n^, Bulbo-eaverno' sus, Bnl- 
 bo-uretral — (Ch.) EJacula'tor Semi'nis, Bulho- 
 syndesmo-caverneux. (F.) Accelerateur, from ad 
 and cehr, 'quick.' A muscle of the penis, which 
 arises, fleshy, from the sphincter ani and mem- 
 branous part of the urethra, and tendinous from 
 the crus and beginning of the corpus cavernosum 
 penis. In its course it forms a thin, fleshy layer, 
 the inferior fibres of which run more transversely 
 than the superior, which descend in an oblique 
 direction ,• the muscles of both sides completely 
 enclosing the bulb of the urethra. It is inserted 
 into its fellow by a tendinous line running longi- 
 tudinally on the middle of the bulb. Its use is to 
 propel the urine or semen forwards. 
 
 ACCENT, Sonus vocis, from ad and canere, 
 cantum, to sing. Inflection or modification of the 
 voice, which consists in raising or dropping it on 
 certain syllables. 
 
 The accent exhibits various alterations in dis- 
 ease. ^ 
 
 ACGES, Paroxysm. 
 
 ACCES'SION. Acces'sio, from accedo, {ad and 
 cedere,) 'I approach.' The invasion, approach, 
 or commencement of a disease. 
 
 ACOESSOIRE, Accessory— a. du long Flechis- 
 seur coynmun des orteils: see Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) — 
 a. de I' Obturateur interne, Ischio-trochanterianus 
 — a. du pied d'Hippocampe: see Cornu ammonis 
 — a. du Sacro-lombaire : see Saero-lumbalis. 
 
 ACCESSORIUS FLEXOR LONGUS DIGI- 
 TORUM PEDIS; see Flexor longus digitorum 
 pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) — a. Pedis 
 hippocampi; — see Cornu ammonis. 
 
 ACCESSORY, Accesso'rius, (F.) Accessoire, 
 Annexe, same etymon. A consequence or de- 
 pendence on any thing; as accessory ligament, 
 muscle, nerve, &c. 
 
 Accessory of the Parot'id is a name given 
 by Haller to a small gland, which accompanies 
 the parotid duct, and is commonly a mere pro- 
 longation of the parotid itself. See Parotid. 
 
 Accessory Sciences to Medicine are those 
 which do not relate directly to the science if 
 man in a state of health or disease; as physics, 
 chemistry, <fec. 
 
 Accessory of the Par Vagum, Spinal nerve. 
 
 The term accessory is also given to several 
 muscles. 
 
 ACCESSUS, Coition. 
 
 ACCIDENS, Symptoma — a. Oonsecutifs, Con 
 secutive phenomena. 
 
 ACCIDENT, Ae'cidens, from accidere, (ad ana 
 eadere,) 'to happen.' A casualty; an unforeseen 
 event. The French use the term in nearly the 
 same sense as symptom. It means also an unex- 
 pected symptom. 
 
 ACCIDEN'TAL, Adventi'Hious. That which 
 happens unexpectedly. 
 
 The French give the name Tissus acciaenteh, 
 to those adventitious textures, that arc th« result 
 of a morbid process. 
 
ACCIPITER 
 
 >0 
 
 ACETAS 
 
 ACCIP'ITER, Hi'erax, \cpa^, 'the hawk/ from 
 accipere (ad and capio,) 'to take.' Menec'ratis 
 Accip'itei: (F.) JEpervier. A bandage applied 
 'jver the nose, so called from its likeness to the 
 claw of a hawk. 
 
 ACCLI'MATED, Clima'ti assue'tua, (from ad 
 and cUnia.) A word of recent introduction from 
 the French, which means 'accustomed to a cli- 
 mate.' 
 
 A0GLIMATE3IENT, Acclimation. 
 
 ACCLIMATION, Seas'oning. (F.) Acelimate- 
 nteiit. The act of becoming acclimated, or accus- 
 tomed to a climate. 
 
 The constitution of a person, who goes to live 
 in another and a very different climate, usually 
 experiences changes, which are frequently of an 
 unfavourable character, and the study of which 
 is of considerable importance in medicine. 
 
 ACCOM'PANIMENT, Adjun'ction. (F.) Ac- 
 compagnement, (compagnon, 'an associate.') That 
 which is joined to any thing. 
 
 Accompaniment to the cataract is a whitish, 
 viscid substance, which sometimes surrounds the 
 opake crystalline, and remains after the operation 
 for cataract, causing a secondary cataract. 
 
 AGOOUOHEE, Puerpera. 
 
 ACC0UGHE3IENT, Parturition— a. Labori- 
 ous, Dystocia — a. Contre nature, see Presentation, 
 preternatural — a. Lahorieux, Laborious labour. 
 
 AGGOUCHEUR, (F.) Adju'tor Partus, Oh- 
 etet'ricans, Ohstetri" cius, Maieu'ter, JIaieu'tes. 
 He who practises the art of midwifery. A physi- 
 cian-Accoucheur, a iiurgeon-Accoucheur, a Man- 
 midwife, (fee. 
 
 AGGOUGHEUSE, Midwife. 
 
 ACG0UPLE2IENT, Coition. 
 
 AGG0UTU2IANGE, Habit. 
 
 ACCRE'TIOX, Accre'tio, from ad, 'to,' and 
 crescere, 'to increase." Augmentation; also, in- 
 crease by juxtaposition. 
 
 AGCROISSEMENT, Increase. 
 
 ACCUSATIO, Indication. 
 
 ACE'DIA, Incu'ria, from a, privative, and 
 Kijoos, 'care.' "Want of care, neglect. Also, fa- 
 tigue. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ACELLA, Axilla. 
 
 ACENINOSUS, Curative. 
 
 ACEOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia. 
 
 ACEOLOGIA, Materia Medica. 
 
 ACEPHALIA, see Acephalous. 
 
 ACEPH'ALOBRACHUS, from a, privative, 
 KKpakt], 'head,' and jipa^iwv, 'arm.' A foetus 
 without head or arms. 
 
 ACEPHALOCHI'RUS, from a, privative, kc- 
 <6aXi7, 'head/ and ^cip, 'hand.' A foetus without 
 head or hands. 
 
 ACEPH'ALOCYST, Acephalocys'tis, from a, 
 privative, icc<pa.Xj], 'head,' and KvoTig, 'bladder.' 
 A hydatiform vesicle, without head or visible 
 organs, ranked amongst the Entozoa, although 
 possessed of few animated characteristics. In no 
 organ of the body are acephalocysts so frequently 
 found as in the liver. Generally it is the 'mul- 
 tiple acephaloeyst,' A. sacia'lis seu prolif'era, 
 which is met with. At times, however, it is the 
 'solitary acephaloeyst,' A. eremi'ta seu ster'ilis. 
 
 The aeepjhalocystis end,og"ena has a firm coat, 
 and is composed of different layers, which have 
 numbers of smaller hydatids within them, and 
 are thrown off from the interior of the parent 
 cyst. This species has hence been termed en- 
 d-ogena, to distinguish it from the A. exog"ena 
 'A ruminant animals, in which the young vesicles 
 :ire developed from the exterior of the parent 
 vesicle. — See Hydatid. 
 
 ACEPHALOGAS'TER, Athoracoceph'alua, 
 from a privative, KtyaXri, ' head,' and yuarnp, ' the 
 b';ily.' A name given to monsters devoid of head, 
 
 chest, and abdomen ; or to those which have an 
 abdomen, but no chest or head. 
 
 ACEPHALOS'TOMA, from a privative, »c£^aXi;, 
 ' head,' and arapa, ' mouth.' An acephalous foetus, 
 at the upper part of which there is an opening 
 resembling a mouth. 
 
 ACEPHALOTHO'RUS, from a privative, 
 Ki.(paXri, 'head,' and -Jwpal, ' chest,' Apectoeepjh'alvs. 
 A monster devoid of head or chest. 
 
 ACEPH'ALOUS, from a privative, and Kt<pa\ri, 
 'head.' A monster bom devoid of head. The 
 condition is called Acepiha'lia. 
 
 ACER, Acrid. 
 
 Acer PALiiiFOLniM, A. Saceharinum. 
 
 Acer Sacchari'num, A. palmifo'lium. MajAe, 
 Sugar Maple. (F.) Erahle. This tree contains 
 a large amount of sweet sap, whence a consider- 
 able quantity of sugar may be extracted. When 
 purified, this sugar can scarcely be distinguished 
 from that obtained from the cane. — See Saccha- 
 rum. 
 
 Acera'tes Longifo'lia, Long-leaved green 
 Milkweed ; Order, Asclepiadacese ; indigenous, 
 flowering in June and July; has the properties 
 of the order. See Asclepias. 
 
 ACERATO'SIS, from a privative, and wpo?, 
 ' horn.' Defective development of the corneous 
 tissue. 
 
 ACERB', Acer'hm, Stryphnos, from acer, 
 'sharp.' A savour, or taste, compounded of the 
 acid, bitter, and astringent; such as is met with 
 in nnripe fruits, &c. 
 
 ACER'CUS, from a privative, and xepKo;, 'a 
 tail.' A monster devoid of tail. — Gurlt. 
 
 ACE'RIDES, Acero'des, from a privative, and 
 Krjpog, ' wax.' Plasters devoid of wax. — Galen, 
 
 ACERODES, Acerides. 
 
 ACERO'SUS, Achyro'des, Pithyri'nua, from 
 a-)(^vpov, ' chaff.' Furfura' ceoua. An epithet used 
 by Hippocrates, for the coarsest bread, made of 
 flour not separated from the chaff. — Foesius. 
 
 ACERVULUS CEREBRI. See Pineal Gland 
 — a. Glandulus Pinealis, see Pineal Gland. 
 
 ACES'CENCY, Acescen'tia, from acescere, 'to 
 grow sour,' (a/cif, ' a point,' acer, ' sharp.') A dis- 
 position to acidity. The humourists believed that 
 the animal humours are susceptible of this change. 
 
 ACESIA, Cure. 
 
 ACESIS, Curation, Cure, Medicament. 
 
 ACESMA, Medicament. 
 
 ACESMIUS, Curable. 
 
 ACESMUS, Cure. 
 
 ACESODYNES, Anodyne. 
 
 ACESOPHORUS, Curative. 
 
 ACESTER, Phvsieian. 
 
 ACESTIS, Medicament. 
 
 ACESTOR, Physician. 
 
 ACESTORIA, Medicine, 
 
 ACESTORIS, Midwife, 
 
 ACESTOS, Curable. 
 
 ACESTRA, Needle. 
 
 ACESTRIA, Midwife, 
 
 ACESTRIS. Midwife. 
 
 ACESTRUM, Medicament. 
 
 ACETA MEDICATA, Acetica. 
 
 ACETABULA UTERINA, Cotyledons. 
 
 ACETAB'ULUM, from acetum, ' vinegar,' be. 
 cause it resembles the old vinegar vessel, oxy- 
 hnph'iun. A measure capable of containing the 
 eighth part of a modem pint. Athena;us. Galen, 
 See Cot} loid. According to Castelli, the lobes or 
 cotyledons of the placentae of ruminating animals 
 have been so called. 
 
 Acetabulum, Cotylo, Cotyloid — a. Humeri, se« 
 Glenoid — a. Marinum, Umbilicus marinus. 
 
 ACETA'RIA, same etymon. A salad oi 
 pickle. 
 
 ACETAS, Acetate. 
 
ACETATE 
 
 41 
 
 ACHEIR 
 
 ACETATE, Ace'tas. A salt formed by the 
 union of the acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy, 
 or metallic base. The acetates chieflj' used in 
 medicine are the acetates of ammonia, lead, 
 potash, and zinc. 
 
 ACE'TICA, Ace'ta 3Iedica'ta. (F.) Vinaigrea 
 MSdiciiiaux. Pharmaceutical preparations of 
 vinegar. 
 
 ACE'TICUM AC'IDUM, Acichtm Ace'tieum 
 for' tins, A. A. forte, A. Ace'tieum purzim, Ace' turn 
 radiea'le, Oxos, Ace'tic Acid, Strong Ace'tous 
 Acid, Acidum Aceto' sum forte, Ead'ical Vin'egar, 
 Spir'itus Yen'eris (^when made from verdigris,) 
 .S)jin'i of Verdigris. Concentrated acetic acid, 
 prepared by decomposing an acetate and receiv- 
 ing the acetic acid by distillation, has a very 
 pungent and grateful odour, and an acid and 
 acrid taste. Its s. g. is about 1.046, and it is 
 very volatile. 
 
 It is stimulant, rubefacient, and escharotic, and 
 is applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia, 
 headache, &c. It destroys warts. 
 
 An Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar, Ac" idum Ace'- 
 tieum OampJiora'tum, A. aceto'sum camphor a' turn, 
 is formed of this strong acid, ^vj, Camp)Tior,'^&s, 
 01. OaryopJi. gtt. XV. 
 
 A strong Acetic Acid was ordered by the Lon- 
 don pharmacopoeia prepared from wood. It was 
 called Vinegar of wood. Improved distilled Vine- 
 gar, Pyrolig' neous Acid, Ace' turn Ligno'rum, and 
 its strength was such, that 87 gr. of crystallized 
 .subcarbonate of soda should saturate 100 grains 
 of the acid. 
 
 Ac" idum Ace'tieum Dilu'tum, A. A. ten'tie, Ace'- 
 tum destilla'tum, Acidum ace'tieum, Acidum aceto'- 
 sum destilla' turn, Acidum ace'tieum debil'ius, Dia- 
 til'led vin'egar, (F.) Acide Acetique faihle, Vi- 
 naigre distille, is prepared by distilling vinegar, 
 until seven-eighths have passed over. An Aci- 
 dum acetician dilutum, Diluted acetic acid, is 
 made by mixing half a pint of the strong acetic 
 acid with five pints of distUled water. — Ph. U. S. 
 Its properties are like those of vinegar. 
 
 AcETicuji Martiale, Ferri Acetas. 
 
 ACETONE, from acefitm, 'vinegar.' Spir'itus 
 pyro-ace'ticus ligno'sus, Pyro-ace'tic spirit, Pyro- 
 ace'tic, Ether, Mesit'ic Al'cohol, Bihydrate of 
 Mesit'ylene ; erroneously called Naphtha and 
 Wood Naphtha. A limpid, colourless liquid, 
 having a peculiarly penetrating and slightly em- 
 pyreumatic odour. Its densit}' in the liquid state, 
 is almost the same as that of alcohol, 0.7921. Its 
 tast€ is disagreeable, and analogous to that of 
 peppermint. It is miscible in all proportions 
 with water, alcohol, and ether. It may be pre- 
 pared by distilling a mixture of two parts of 
 crystallized acetate of lead and one part of quick- 
 lime in a salt-glaze jar (gray-beard,) the lower 
 part of the jar being coated with fire-clay; and 
 a bent glass tube, half an inch in diameter, 
 adapted to the mouth by a cork, so as to form a 
 distillatory apparatus. The jar is supported on 
 - the mouth of a small furnace, by which the lower 
 part only is heated to redness, and the vapours 
 are conducted into a Liebig's condenser. The 
 product is repeatedly redistilled from quicklime, 
 until its boiling point is constant at 132°. 
 
 It has been brought forward as a remedy in 
 phthisis pulmonalis ; but evidently with un- 
 founded pretensions. It is an excitant, and may 
 be serviceable in chronic bronchitis. The dose 
 is ten to forty drops three times a day, diluted 
 with water. 
 
 ACETOSA ALPINA, Eumex alpinus — a. 
 Nostras, Eumex acetosa — a. Pratensis, Rumex 
 aeetosa — a. Romana, Rumex seutatus — a. Ro- 
 tundifoiia, Rumex seutatus — a. Scutata, Rumex 
 •cutatus — a. Vulgaris, Rumex acetosa. 
 
 ACETOSELLA, Oxalis acetosclla. 
 
 ACE'TUM, o(uf, Oxys, Ace'tum Vint, A. BrU 
 tan'nicum. Common Vinegar, Acidum aceto'sum, 
 A'legar, Ace'tum Cerevis'ice, (F.) Vinaigre ; from 
 oKis, * a point,' acer, 'sharp.' A liquor obtained 
 by the acetous fermentation. A^inegar has a pun- 
 gent odour, and a pleasant acid taste. One fluid 
 ounce of the Acetum of the United States Phar- 
 macopojia is saturated by about 35 grains of 
 crystallized bicarbonate of soda. It is refrigerant 
 in fevers; antiseptic, and anti-narcotic; and ex- 
 ternally is stimulant and discutient. 
 
 Vinegar Whey is made by sturing a small 
 wineglassful of vinegar, sweetened with a dessert 
 spoonful of sugar, in a pint of milk ; boiling for 
 fifteen minutes, and straining. Like tamarind 
 whey it is an agreeable drink in febrile aflections. 
 
 Ace'tum Aromat'icuji, Acidum Ace' ticum Aro- 
 mat'icum, Ace'tum Theriaca'le, A. quatuor furum, 
 Thieves' Vinegar, Vinegar of the four Thievet^ 
 Ilarseillea Vinegar, (F.) Vinaigre Aromatique, 
 V. des quatre voleure, [Eorismarin. caciim. sice, 
 Fol. SalvicB sing. ^j. Laiand. for. sice. ^iv. Ca- 
 7-yoph. cont. ^ss. Acid. Acet. Oij. Macerate 7 days, 
 and filter. — Ph. E.) Odour, pungent and aroma- 
 tic. Used as a perfume. 
 
 Acetum Britannicum, Acetum. 
 
 Ace'tum Canthak'idis, Vinegar of Cantha- 
 rides, {Oantharid.jn pulv. ^iij. Acid. acet. f 5v., 
 Acid. j>yrolign. f^xv: Euphorb. in pulv. crass. 
 ^ss. Mix the acids; add the powders; macerate 
 for seven days; strain; express strongly, anU 
 filter the liquor.— Ph. E. The London College 
 macerates cantharid. ^ij in acid. acet. Oj. for 
 eight days ; expresses and strains.) It is used 
 as a prompt vesicant. 
 
 Ace'tum Col'chici, Vinegar of meadow saffron. 
 [Colchic. rad. contus. ^ij ; Acid, acetic, dilut. seu 
 Acet. destillat. Oij ; Ph. U. S. 1851. It may also 
 be made by displacement.) It is used as a diu- 
 retic, and also in gout. Dose f.^ss. to ^iss. 
 
 Acetum Destillatum; see Aceticum acidum 
 — a. Lignorum : see Aceticum acidum — a. Mul- 
 sum dulce, Osyglycus — a. Opii, Guttse Nigrse — 
 a. Quatuor furum, Acetum Aromaticum — a. Ra- 
 dicale, Aceticum Acidum — a. Rosatum Oxyrrho- 
 dinon. 
 
 Acetum Scill^, Acidtim Ace'tieum Scillit'- 
 icum. Vinegar of Squills, (F.) Vinaigre sciUi- 
 tique, {Scillce contus. ^iv; Acet. destillat. Oij; 
 Ph. U. S. It may also be made by displace- 
 ment.) Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic. Doso 
 f ^ss to ^ij as a diuretic and expectorant. 
 
 Acetum Theriacale, Acetum aromaticum. 
 
 ACEYTE DE SAL. A remedy for broncho- 
 cele used in S. America. Roulin found it to con- 
 tain a portion of iodine. 
 
 ACHACANA. A species of cactus, in the pro- 
 vince of Potosi in Peru. Its root is thick and 
 fleshy, and of a conical shape. It is a good edi- 
 ble, and is sold in the markets of the country. 
 
 ACHANACA. A plant of the kingdom of 
 Mely in Africa, It is used by the natives as an 
 antisyphilitie. 
 
 ACHAOVAN, a species of Egyptian chamo- 
 mile. — Prosper Alpinus. 
 
 ACHAOVAN-ABIAT. The Egyptian name 
 of Cineraria maritima, used in female diseases. 
 
 ACHAR, Atchar. 
 
 ACHE, Apium graveolens — a. des Montagnes, 
 Ligusticum levisticum. 
 
 ACHEI'LIA, Achi'lia, from a, priv., and ;\;«Ao?, 
 'lip.' A malformation, consisting in a deficiency 
 of a lip or lips. 
 
 ACHEI'LUS, Achi'lus, same eiymon. Ono 
 who is without lips. 
 
 ACHEIR, Achir, Be'manus, from a, privative^ 
 and ^eip, 'hand.' One di void of hands. — Galea. 
 
ACHEIKIA 
 
 42 
 
 ACID 
 
 ACHEI'E,IA, Achi'ria : same etymon. The 
 •late of being devoid of hands. 
 
 ACUEROIS, Populus. 
 
 ACHIA, Achiar. A name given in Ir-'^ia to 
 the pickled shoots of the bamboo. 
 
 Ac HI A, Atchar. 
 
 ACHIAFo, Achia. 
 
 ACHIC'OLUM, Achit'ol-M, Hidrote' r'''<-^, Su- 
 dn'rium, Fornix, Tholiis, Sudato'rium. The 
 sweating-room in the ancient bagnios. 
 
 ACHILIA, Acheilia. 
 
 ACniLLE'A AGE'RATUM, A. Visco'in, Bal- 
 K'lmi'ta fcemin' ea, Eupato'riuni mes'ces. Age'ra- 
 tiim, Cos'tus horto'rum minor, 3Iaiidlin, 3Iaudlin 
 Tansey ; (F.) Achillea Visqueuse ; Nat. Ord. 
 Compositae ; Suh. Ord. Anthemidese ; Sex. Syst. 
 Sj'ngenesia Polygamia superflua, — has the same 
 properties as tansey, bitter and aromatic, and is 
 •ised in like aifections. 
 
 Achille'a Atra'ta, Herha Gen'ijii veri, (F.) 
 Achillee Noire, has similar virtues. 
 
 Achille'a Millefo'lium, Achille'a Myrio- 
 phyl'lon, Chrysoc'oma, Millefo'lium, Ghiliophyl' - 
 Ion, Lumhus Ven'eris, Oommon Yarroic or 3Iil- 
 foll, (F.) Mille/euille. The leaves and flowers 
 have an aromatic smell, and a rough, bitterish, 
 somewhat pungent taste. They have been used 
 in dyspepsia, flatulence, &c. An extract of the 
 plant, made with proof spirit, has been called 
 AchilleV num ; and is used by the Italians in in- 
 termittent fever. 
 
 Achille'a Ptar'mica, Pseudo-py'refhrvm, 
 Py'rethrum sylves'tre, Draco sylces'tris, Tarehon 
 tylvestris, Sternutamento'ria, JDracun'cidt(s Pra- 
 ten'sis, Sneeze-tcort, Bastard Pel'litory, Ptar'mica. 
 (F.) Herhe d, eternuer. The roots and flowers 
 have a hot, biting taste, approaching that of py- 
 rethrum. Their principal use is as a masticatory 
 find sialogogue. 
 
 Achillea Viscosa, A. Ageratum. 
 
 ACHILLEE NOIRE, AchUlea atrata — a. 
 Visqueuse, Achillea ageratum. 
 
 ACHILLEINUM, see Achillea Millefolium. 
 
 ACHILLE'IS. A beautiful species of barley, 
 mentioned by Theophrastus and Galen, called 
 after Achilles, a labourer. The decoction was 
 used in fevers and jaundice. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ACHIL'LIS TENDO, Funis Hippoc'ratis, 
 Corda seu Ohorda Hippoc'ratis, Corda magna, 
 Nervus latus, (F.) Tendon d'Achi lie. The strong 
 tendon of the gastrocnemii muscles above the 
 heel : so ca,lled, because it was the only vulnera- 
 ble part of Achilles, or because of its strength. 
 See Tendon. 
 
 ACHILUS, Aeheilus. 
 
 ACHIMBASSI. An archiater or chief of phy- 
 sicians. A name given, at Grand Cairo, to a 
 magistrate who licenses physicians. 
 
 ACHIR, Acheir. 
 
 ACHIRIA, Acheiria. 
 
 ACHITOLUS, Achicolum. 
 
 ACHLYS, Caligo. 
 
 ACHMELLA, Spilanthus aemella. 
 
 ACHXE. Lint. See Linteum. Also, small 
 mucous flocculi seen in front of the cornea. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ACHOL'IA, from a, privative, aad ;^oXj/, 'bile.' 
 Deficiency or want of bile. 
 
 ACH'OLUS : same etymon. One deficient in 
 bile. 
 
 ACHOR, Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 ACHO'RES. A term often employed by the 
 Ancients to designate both crusta lac'tca, and 
 small superficial ulcerations on the skin of the 
 lace and head. See Porrigo Larvalis. 
 
 AcHORES Capitis, Porrigo scutulata. 
 
 ACHORION SCHONLEINL See Porrigo fa- 
 Tosa. 
 
 ACHORIS'TUS, from a, priv., and X'^P'^<^> '1 
 separate.' Any sign which necessarily accompa- 
 nies a state of health or disease. 
 
 ACHOUROU. The Caraib name for a speciea 
 of mj'rtle used in dropsy. 
 
 ACHRAS AUSTRALIS, Sapota^a. Sapota, 
 Sapota — a. Zapota, Sapota. 
 
 ACHROI, Achromatis'ti, Achro'mafi, AcJtro'mi, 
 from a, privative, and xP<^!"^j ' colour.' Pale indi- 
 viduals. — Hippocrates. It is nearly synonymous 
 with ^iKpatfjLoi, leipha'mia, persons without colour; 
 bloodless. 
 
 ACHROMASIA, Decoloration. 
 
 ACHROMATI, Achroi. 
 
 ACHROMAT'IC, Achromat'icus; same etymon. 
 A lens, so constructed as to correct the aberration 
 of refrangibility of common lenses, is so termed. 
 The Crystalline is an achromatic lens. 
 
 ACHROMATISTI, Achroi. 
 
 A C H R M A TOPSIA, Chromatopseudop' sia, 
 Ohromatometahlepi' sia, Dyscliromatop' sia. Para- 
 chro'ma, Parora'sis, Visits de'color. Colour hlind- 
 ness, Idiopi'tcy, Dal'tonism, from a, privative, Xf"^' 
 fia, 'colour,' and o-KTOfiai, 'I see.' Incapability of 
 distinguishing colours ; a defect situate in the ce- 
 rebral part of the visual organ. Persons so cir- 
 cumstanced have been termed by Mr. Whewell, 
 Idiopts. See Acyanoblepsia and Anerythropsia. 
 
 ACHROMI, Achroi. 
 
 ACHYLO'SIS, from a, privative, and x^^°^' 
 'juice, chyle.' Defective chylosis or formation 
 of chyle. 
 
 ACHYMO'SIS, from a, privative, and x"h^'> 
 'juice, chyme.' Defective chymification. 
 
 ACHYRODES, Acerosus. 
 
 ACHYROX, Furfur. 
 
 A'CIA, from oKig, a point. A word used by 
 Celsus, which has puzzled commentators, — some 
 believing it to have meant a needle ; others the 
 thread; and others, again; the kind of suture, 
 "Ada mollis, non nimis torta." — Celsus, Galen. 
 (Chifilet thinks it meant the thread. — Antwerp, 
 1638.) 
 
 ACID, Ae"idu8, Oxya. (F.) Acide, Aigre, from 
 oKif, 'a point;' sharp; sour; especially as ap- 
 plied to odorous or sapid substances. The French 
 also use the term aigre, when referring to the 
 voice, in the sense of sharp and shrill: — as une 
 voix aigre, vox aspera. 
 
 Acid, Acetic, Aceticum acidum — a. Acetic, 
 dilute, see Aceticum acidum. 
 
 Acid, Acetous, Strong, Aceticum acidum 
 — a. Aerial, Carbonic acid — a. Antimonious, 
 Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. Arsenious, Arse- 
 nicum album — a. Auric, see Gold — a. Azotic, Ni- 
 tric acid — a. Benzoic, Benjamin, flowers of — a. 
 Boric, Boracic acid — a. Calcareous, Carbonic acid 
 — a. Carbonaceous, Carbonic acid — a. Carbonous, 
 Oxalic acid — a. Chromic, see Chromic acid — a. 
 Citric, Citric acid — a. Cyanh}'dric, Hj^drocyanic 
 acid — a. Cyanohydric, Hydrocyanic acid — a. 
 Gastric, Gastric juice. 
 
 Acid, Gallic, Ac"idum Gall'icum. (F.) Acide 
 Gallique. This acid is found in most of the astrin- 
 gent plants that contain tannic acid of the kind 
 obtained from galls. It is in delicate silky nee- 
 dles, usually somewhat yellowish, inodorous, and 
 of a harsh, somewhat astringent taste. It dis- 
 solves in one hundred parts of cold and three 
 parts of boiling water. It is very soluble in alco- 
 hol, and but slightly so Ln ether. 
 
 It has been highly extolled in internal hemor- 
 rhage, especially from the urinary organs and 
 uterus. Dose from ten to twenty grains. 
 
 The last Pharmacopoeia of the United States 
 (1851) directs it to be made by exposing a thin 
 paste of powdered galls and distilled water for a 
 month, adding the water from time to time to pre- 
 
ACIBE ACETIQUE FAIBLE 
 
 43 
 
 ACIDUM ACETICUM 
 
 serve the consistence; expressing the paste; boil- 
 ing the residue in distilled water; filtering through 
 animal charcoal, and crystallizing. 
 
 Acid, Hippu'ric, Ac"idum Hippu'ricum, Uro- 
 hen'zoio acid. An acid found in the urine of gra- 
 TuiniTorous animals. It is contained in human 
 urine, especially after benzoic acid has been taken. 
 See Hipijuria. 
 
 Acid, Hydmod'ic, Ac"idum Hydriod'iciim. 
 This acid is made by mixing solutions of iodide 
 of potassium and tartaric acid; filtering the liquor 
 to separate the bitartrate of potassa, and adding 
 water to make the resulting hydriodic acid of de- 
 finite strength. 
 
 It has been used in the same eases as the pre- 
 parations of iodine in general, but is rarely em- 
 ployed. 
 
 Acid, Hydrochloronitric, Nitro-muriatic acid 
 — a. Hydrocyanic, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro- 
 cyanic, dilute, see Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro- 
 sulphuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Hydro thi- 
 onic, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Igasuric : see 
 Jatropha curcas. 
 
 Acid, Iodic, Ac"idum lod'icum, (F.) Acide 
 lodique. This is obtained by boiling iodine 
 with nitric acid; or by decomposing iodate of 
 haryta by dilute sulphuric acid. It is a white, 
 transparent solid, slightly deliquescent, and very 
 soluble in water. It has been given with sulphate 
 of quinia in hoarseness, scrofula, incipientphthisis, 
 chronic inflammation, syphilis, <tc. Dose three to 
 six grains, or more. 
 
 Acid of Lemons, Citric acid — a. Lithic, Uric 
 acid — a. Dephlogisticated marine. Chlorine — 
 a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid — a. of Milk, Lactic 
 acid — a. Muriatic, see Muriaticum acidum — a. 
 Muriatic, dilute, Muriaticum acidum — a. Ni- 
 tric, see Nitric acid — a. Nitric, dilute, see Nitric 
 Acid — a. Nitro-hj'drochloric, Nitro-muriatic acid 
 — a. Nitro-Muriatic, see Nitro-Muriatic Acid — a. 
 Nitrous, dephlogisticated, Nitric acid — a. Oxysep- 
 tonic. Nitric acid — a. Polygalic: see Polygala se- 
 nega — a. Prussic, Hj'droeyanic acid — a. Pyrolig- 
 neous : see Aceticum acidum — a. Pyrolignic, Py- 
 roligneous acid — a. of Sorrel, Oxalic acid — a. of 
 Sugar, Oxalic acid — a. Sulphuric, see Sulphuric 
 acid — a. Tannic, Tannin — a. Uric, Uric acid — a. 
 Urobenzoic, A. Hippuric — a. Urous, Uric oxide — 
 a. Urylic, Uric acid — a. Chromique, Chromic acid. 
 
 ACIBE AOETIQUE FAIBLE, see Aceticum 
 acidum — a. Boracique, Boracic acid — a. Chro- 
 mique, Chromic acid — a. Gallique, Acid, gallic 
 — a. Hydrocyanique, Hydrocyanic acid — a. 
 Hydrosulfurique, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. 
 lodique. Acid, iodic — a. Lactique, Lactic acid — 
 a. Nitrique, Nitric acid — a. Phosphorique, Phos- 
 phoric acid — a. Pru^sique, Hydrocyanic acid — a. 
 Stilfureux, Sulphurous acid — a. Sulfurique, Sul- 
 phuric acid — a. Sulfurique delaye, Sulphuricum 
 acidum dilutum — a. Tannique, Tannin. 
 
 ACIDITATIO, Acidities. 
 
 ACID'ITIES, Aco'res, Acidita'tio, Ac"idum 
 morho'suin, Ac"iduin prima'rum via'rum, Oxyteg, 
 Sordea ac"ideB. (F.) Aigreurs. Sourness of the 
 stomach, the result of indigestion, indicated by 
 acid eructations, &c. The aflFeotion is very com- 
 mon in children, and must be obviated by absorb- 
 ents, as magnesia, chalk, &,c., and by regulated 
 diet. 
 
 ACIDOLOG''IA, from axi?, 'a point, a sharp 
 instrument,' and Xoyoi, 'a description.' A de- 
 scription of surgical instruments. 
 
 ACIDOM'ETER, {¥.) Acidomltre, Pese-acide, 
 from acid, and fierfjov, measure. A hydrometer 
 for determining the density of acids. 
 
 ACIDS, Ac"ida, Aco'res, are liquid, solid, or 
 gaseous bodies, possessed of a sour, more or less 
 caustic taste, and the principal character of which 
 
 is the capability of saturating, wholly or in part, 
 the alkaline properties of bases. 
 
 Acids, in general, are refrigerent and antisep- 
 tic. Their particular uses are pointed out under 
 the individual articles. 
 
 To ACID'ULATE. (F.) Aiguiser, Aciduler. 
 To render acidulous, or slightly acid. 
 
 ACID'ULOUS, Acid'ulus, Oxo'des, OxoVdea. 
 (F.) Aeidule, Aigrelet. Substances are so callea 
 which possess a sourish taste, as tamarinds, cream 
 of tartar, &e. 
 
 Acidulous Fruits. Oranges, gooseberries, &o. 
 
 AciDtTLOus Waters, Aquce Acidula. Mineral 
 waters containing carbonic acid gas sufficient to 
 render them sourish. See Waters, mineral. 
 
 Acidulous Water, Simple, Aqua Ac"idi Car- 
 bon'ici, (Ph. U. S.) Aqua a'eris fixi, Aqua acid'- 
 ula simplex, Liquor seu Aqtia Sodcp, efferves'cens, 
 Aqua Carhona'tis Soda acid'ula. Soda icater. Mi- 
 neral water, (F.) Eau Aeidule simple, is water 
 impregnated with fixed air. 
 
 Water, so impregnated, is cooling, and slightly 
 stimulating. It is used beneficially in dyspepsia, 
 and in cases of vomiting, &c. 
 
 ACIDUM ACETICUM, Aceticum acidum— a. 
 Aceticum aromaticum, Acetum aromaticum — a. 
 Aceticum camphoratum : see Aceticum acidum — • 
 a. Aceticum dilutum : see Aceticum Acidum — a, 
 Aceticum empyreumaticum, Pyroligneous acid — • 
 a. Aceticum Scilliticum, Acetum scillfe — a. Ace- 
 tosellee. Oxalic acid — a. Acetosum, Acetum — a. 
 AUantoicum, Allantoic acid — a. Amnieum, Am- 
 niotic acid — a. Arsenicosum, Arsenious acid — a, 
 Arseniosum, (Ph. U. S.) Arsenious acid — a. Azo- 
 ticum. Nitric Acid^-a. Benzoicum, Benjamin, 
 Flowers of — -a. Boracicum, Boracic acid — a. Bo- 
 russicum. Hydrocyanic acid — a. Carbonicum, 
 Carbonic acid — a. Citricum, Citric acid — a. Gal- 
 licum. Acid, gallic — a. Hydriodicum, Acid hydri- 
 odic — a. Hydrocarbonicum, Oxalic acid — a. Hy- 
 drochloricum, Muriaticum acidum — a. Hj'drocy- 
 anicum, Hj'drocyanic acid — a. Hydrocyanicum 
 dilutum, see Hydrocyanic Acid — a. Ilydrothioni- 
 cum liquidum, see Hydrosulphuretted water — a. 
 lodicum. Acid, iodic — a. Jatrophicum, see Jatro- 
 pha curcas — a. Lacticum, Lactic acid — a. Ligne- 
 um, Pyroligneous acid — a. Ligni pyro-oleosum, 
 Pyroligneous acid — a. Lithicum, Uric acid — a. 
 Marinum concentratum, Muriaticum acidum — a. 
 Morbosum, Acidities — a. Muriaticum, Muriaticum 
 acidum — -a. Muriaticum dilutum, Muriatic acid — a. 
 Muriaticum nitroso-oxygenatum, Nitro-muriatic 
 acid — a. Nitri, Nitric acid — a. Nitricum, Nitric 
 acid — a. Nitricum dilutum, Nitric acid — a. Nitro- 
 Muriaticum, Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Oxalinum, 
 Oxalic acid — a. Phosphoricum, Phosphoric acid 
 — a. Primarum viarum, Acidities — a. Prussicum, 
 Hydrocyanic acid — a. Pyro-aceticum, Pyroligne- 
 ous acid — a. Pyrolignosum, Pyroligneous acid — 
 a. Pyroxylicum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Querci- 
 tannicum, Tannin — a. Sacchari, Oxalic acid — a. 
 Saccharinum, Oxalic acid — a. Salis, Muriaticum 
 acidum — a. Salis culinaris, Muriaticum acidum — 
 a. Salis marini, Muriaticum acidum — a. Septicum, 
 Nitric acid — a. Succinicum, Succinic acid — a. Sul- 
 phuricum, Sulphuric acid — a. Sulphuricum alcoo- 
 lisatum. Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Sulphuricum 
 aromaticum, Sulphuric acid, aromatic — a. Sul- 
 phuricum dilutum, Sulphuric acid, diluted — a. 
 Sulphuris volatile. Sulphurous acid — a. Sulphu- 
 rosicum. Sulphurous acid — a. Tannicum, Tannin 
 — a. Tartari essentiale, Tartaric acid — a. Tartari- 
 cum. Tartaric acid — a. Tartarosum, Tartaric acid 
 — a. Urieum, Uric acid — a. Urolithieum, Uric 
 acid — a. Vitriolicum, Sulphuric acid — a. Vitrioli- 
 cum aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum aromati- 
 cum — a. Vitriolicum alcohole "vromatieum, Sul- 
 phuricum acidum aromaticum — a. Vitrioliruia 
 
ACIDURGIA 
 
 44 
 
 ACOPTS 
 
 vinosum, Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Zootieum, 
 Hydrocyanic acid — a. Zootinicum, Hydrocyanic 
 acid. 
 
 ACIDURGUA, Surgery (operative.) 
 
 AGIER, Chalybs. 
 
 ACIES, Ciialybs — a. Digitorum manus, Pha- 
 langes of the fingers — a. Diurna, Hemeralopia. 
 
 ACINE'SIA, Acine'sie, Akitie'sia, ImmohiVi- 
 t(M, Quies, Requies, Mequie'tio, Esych'ia, Erem'ia, 
 fi-6m a, privative, and Kivrjing, motion,' Kiveu, '1 
 move.' Rest. Immobility. Also, the interval 
 between the systole and diastole of the heart — 
 Parasys'tole. 
 
 Under the term Aoineses, Remberg includes 
 the j)aralytic neuroses, or those that ars charac- 
 cerized by defect of motive power. 
 
 ACINI OF MALPIGHI, Corpora Malp'ghisna. 
 
 ACINIFORMIS (TUNICA) Choroid, Uvea. 
 
 ACINUS, Ac"inu8 glandido'sue, froKU ac"inii3, 
 'a grape-stone.' A glandiform eorpuaclz or gra- 
 nulation, in which secretion was supposed to take 
 place, and the excretory radicle to arise. Acini 
 are the glob'uli arteria'rvin ter'mini of Nichols. 
 The term ac"iiii glandulo'ei has also been given 
 to glands, ^rhich, like the pancreas, are arranged 
 as it were in clusters. See Lobule. 
 
 ACIFENSER, see Ichthyocolla. 
 
 ACIURGIA, Surgery, (operative.) 
 
 ACLEITROCARDIA, Cyanopathy. 
 
 ACMAS'TICUS, from aic/ir;, 'the top,' and (rrau, 
 ' I remain.' A fever which preserves an equal 
 degree of intensity throughout its course. It is 
 also called Honiot'onos. The Greeks gave it the 
 name of Epacmas'ticos, and Syn'ochos, when it 
 went on increasing, — and Paracmaa'ticoa, when 
 it decreased. — Galen. 
 
 ACME, Vigor, Gor'ypTie, Gulmina'tio, Status, 
 Fa8tig"iu,m. The period of a disease at which 
 the symptoms are most violent. Arche, Apxit is 
 'the commencement;' anah'aais, avaffaai;, 'the 
 period of increase ;' and acme, aKjiri, 'the height.' 
 
 ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella — a. Mauriti- 
 ana, Spilanthus acmella. 
 
 ACMON, Incus. 
 
 ACNE, Acna, Ion' thus varus, Varus, Paydra'cia 
 Acne, Stone Pock, Whelk, Buhucle, (F.) Dartre 
 pustuleuse disseminee. A small pimple or tuber- 
 cle on the face. — Gorraeus. Foesius thinks the 
 word ought to be Acme; and, according to Cas- 
 sius, it is, at all events, derived from a/c//;?, 'vi- 
 gour ;' the disease affecting those in the vigour 
 of life, especially. 
 
 Willan and Bateman have adopted the term in 
 their Nosology of cutaneous diseases, and placed 
 it in the Order, Tubercula. Acne, with them, is 
 an eruption of distinct, hard, inflamed tubercles, 
 sometimes continuing for a considerable length 
 of time, and sometimes suppurating slowly and 
 partially. They usually appear on the forehead, 
 temples and chin, and are common to both sexes; 
 but the most severe forms are seen in young men. 
 They require but little management, and consist 
 of four varieties ; Acne indura'ta, A. simplex, 
 (Haplo'dcne,) A. puncta'ta (^lon'thus varus punc- 
 ta'tus, PunctcB Tnuco'sa, Comedo'nea or Maggot 
 PimplCj) and A. rosa'cea. — See Gutta Rosea. 
 
 Acne Rosacea, Gutta rosea — a. of the Throat, 
 Pharyngitis, follicular. 
 
 ACNES'TIS, from a, privative, and Kvativ, 'to 
 fccratch.' The part of the spine which extends, 
 in quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to the 
 l.iins. According to Pollux, the middle of the 
 loins. The vertebral column. 
 
 ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum. 
 
 ACOE, Audition, Ear. 
 
 ACCE'LIOS, from a, privative, and (coiAia, 'belly.' 
 Devoid of belly. One who is so emaciated as to 
 appear to have no belly. — Galen, 
 
 ACOEMETER, Acoumeter. 
 
 ACOEMETRUM, Acoumeter. 
 
 ACOENOSI, AconusL 
 
 ACOE SIS, Audition. 
 
 ACOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia. 
 
 ACOLASIA, Intemperance. 
 
 ACOLOGY, Materia Medica. 
 
 ACONE, Mortar. 
 
 ACQ NIT A GRANDS FLEURS, Aconitum 
 cammarum — a. Salutaire, Aconitum anthora. 
 
 ACONITA, see Aconitum napellus. 
 
 ACONITE;^ Aconitum — a. FoUa, see Aconitum 
 — a. Radix, see Aconitum. 
 
 ACONITI FOLIA, see Aconitum — a. Radix, 
 see Aconitum. 
 
 ACONITIA, see Aconitum napeUns. 
 
 ACONITIN, see Aconitum napellus. 
 
 ACONITINE, seeAconitum napellus. 
 
 ACONITIUM, see Aconitum napellus. 
 
 ACONI'TUM, from Ac'one, a place in Bithy- 
 nia, where it is common. Cynoc'tonon, Purda- 
 lian'chea, Pardalian'chum, Ganici'da, Ac'onite, 
 Wolfsbane, Monkshood. Nat. Ord. Ranuncula- 
 cese. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Trigynia. 
 
 Aconitum, Aconite, in the Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States, 1842, is the leaves of Aconi- 
 tum napellus, and A. paniculatum. In the last 
 edition, 1851, Aconiti folia is the officinal name 
 for the leaves ; Aconiti radix for that of the root. 
 
 Aconi'tum An'thorA, Aconi'tum Salutif erum, 
 seu nemoro'sum seu Gandol'lei seu Jacqiiini seu 
 eid'ophum seu author o'ideum, An'thora vulga'ris, 
 An'thora, Antith'ora, Sal'utary Monkshood, 
 Wholesome Wolfsbane, Yellow helmet flower. 
 (F.) Aconit salutaire. The root of this variety, 
 as of all the rest, is poisonous. It is used as a 
 cathartic and anthelmintic. Dose Qss to ^j. 
 
 Aconitum Anthoroideum, A. anthora. 
 
 Aconi'tum Cam'marum, A. panicula'tum, A. 
 macran'thum, A. Kuanezo'vii, (F.) Aconit d 
 grands fleurs, resembles Aconitum Napellus in 
 properties. 
 
 Aconitum Candollei, A. anthora — a. Eulo- 
 phum, A. anthora — a. Jacquini, A. anthora — a, 
 Kusnezovii, A. cammarum — a. Macranthum, A. 
 cammarum. 
 
 Aconi'tum Napel'lus, Napel'lua verus, Aco- 
 ni'tum, Gommon Monkshead or Wolfsbane, A. Ne- 
 omonta'num. (F.) Ohaperonde 3foine. The leaves 
 are narcotic, sudorific, and deobstruent (?) They 
 have been used in chronic rheumatism, scrofula, 
 scirrhus, paralysis, amaurosis, &c. The active 
 principle is called Aconit'ia, Aconiti'na, Aconi'ta, 
 Aconit'ium or Aconiti7ie. A form for its prepara- 
 tion is contained in the Ph. U. S. (1851.) It is 
 made by treating an alcoholic extract of the root 
 with dilute sulphuric acid; precipitating by solu- 
 tion of ammonia; dissolving the precipitate in 
 dilute aidphuric acid; treating with animal char- 
 coal; again precipitating with solution of ammo- 
 nia; washing with water, and drying. It re- 
 quires 150 parts of cold and 60 of boiling water 
 to dissolve it, but is readily dissolved by alcohol 
 and ether. It neutralizes the acids, and forms 
 with them uncrystallizable salts. It has been 
 used internally, and especially applied exter- 
 nally, in neuralgic cases, iatraleptically and en- 
 dermically. Dose of Aconitum, gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 
 Aconitum Nemorosum, A. anthora — a, Neo- 
 montanum, A. napellus — a. Paniculatum, A. cam- 
 marum — a. Racemosum, Actoea spicata — a. Salu- 
 tiferum, A. anthora. 
 
 ACONU'SI, Acoen'osi, Aeoon'osi, from okov, 
 'audition,' and vovaoi, 'disease.' Morhi au'ritim 
 et andi'tds. Diseases of the ears and audition. 
 
 ACOONOSI, Aconusi. 
 
 AC'OPIS. Same etymon as the next. Pliny 
 
ACOPON 
 
 45 
 
 Acmsis 
 
 gives ttis name to a precious ston^, which was 
 boiled in oil and used against weariness. 
 
 AC'OPON, from a, privative, and koito;, 'weari- 
 ness.' A remedy against weariness — Foesius, Gor- 
 rseus, ifec. Ac'opum, — Celsus, Pliny. SeeAnagyris. 
 
 ACOPRIA, Constipation. 
 
 ACOPROSIS, Constipation. 
 
 ACOR BENZOINUS, Benjamin— a. Boraci- 
 cus, Boracic acid — a. Sucoineus, Succinic acid — 
 a. Sulphuris, Sulphuric acid — a. Tartaricus, Tar- 
 iaric acid. 
 
 AOORE BATARD, Iris pseudacorus — a. 
 Faux, Iris pseudacorus — a. Odorant, Acorus 
 calamus. 
 
 ACORES, Acids, and Acidities. 
 
 ACOR'IA, from o, privative, and xoptiji, ' I sa- 
 tiate.' An inordinate or canine appetite. — Hip- 
 pocrates. 
 
 ACORI'TES. A wine made of Acorus.— Dios- 
 corides. 
 
 ACOR'MUS, from a, privative, and Kopnog, 
 ' trunk.' A monster devoid of a trunk. — Gurlt. 
 
 ACORN, JUPITER'S, Fagus castanea— a. 
 Oily, GuUandina moringa — a. Sardinian, Fagus 
 castanea. 
 
 ACORNS. See Quercus alba. 
 
 ACORUS ADULTERINUS, Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 Ac'ORUS Cal'AMUS. a. Vents, Cal'amus Aro- 
 mat'icus, C. Odora'tus, Cal'amus vulga'ris, Typha 
 Aromat'ica, Acorus Brazilien'sis, Clava Rugo'sa, 
 Sweetjiag or Ae'orus, Flagroot, Sweet cane. Myrtle 
 Flag, Sweet grass, Sweet root, Sweet rush. (F.) 
 Jonc roseau ou Canne aromatique, Acore odorant. 
 Nat. Ore?. Aroideas ; Acoraceaj. (Lindley.) ^.r. 
 Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. The rhizoma — Cal'- 
 amus (Ph. U. S.) — is stomachic and carminative, 
 but is rarely used. It is regarded as a good ad- 
 juvant to bark in quinia and intermittents. 
 
 Ac'oRUS Palustris, Iris pseudacorus — a. Vul- 
 garis, Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 ACOS, Medicament. 
 
 ACOS'MIA, from a, privative, and (co(r/«oy, 'or- 
 der, ornament,' Disorder, irregularity in the 
 critical days, according to Galen, who uses the 
 word Koa/ios for regularity in those days. Others, 
 and particularly Pollux, call bald persons aKoajtoi, 
 because they are deprived of one of their most 
 beautiful ornaments. 
 
 ACOUM'ETER, Aoouom'eter, Anoem'eter, Aco- 
 em'etrum, Acu'meter, Acusim'eter, (P.) Acoumetre, 
 from aKovu), 'I hear,' and fisTpov, 'measure.' An 
 instrument designed by M. Itard for measuring 
 the degree of hearing. 
 
 AGOmiETBE. Acoumeter. 
 
 ACOUOPHO'NIA, Copho'nia; from aKonw, 
 'I hear,' and <pm'ri, 'voice,' " Aus' cidtutory Per- 
 cus'sion." A mode of auscultation, in which the 
 observer places his ear on the chest, and analyzes 
 the sound produced by percussion. — Donne. 
 
 ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise. Depraved 
 sense of hearing. 
 
 ACOUS'TIC, Acus'ticus. That which belongs 
 to the ear; a.s Acoustic nerve. Acoustic tmmpet. 
 
 Acoustic Medicine is one used in diseased au- 
 dition. 
 
 Acous'tics, Acus'tica. (F.) Aeoustique. The 
 part of physics which treats of the theory of 
 sounds. It is also called Phonics. 
 
 ACQ USTIQ UE, Acoustics. 
 
 ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua Binellii— a. Broe- 
 ehieri. Aqua Brocehierii — a. Monterossi, Aqua 
 Binellii — a. di Napoli, Liquor arsenicalis — a. 
 della Toffana, Liquor arsenicalis. 
 
 ACQUETTA, Liquor Arsenicalis. 
 ^ ACQUI, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 thermal sulphureous springs are in Piemont. 
 Their temperature is 167° Fahr., and they con- 
 tain sulphohydric acid and chloride of sodium. 
 
 ACQUIRED DISEASES, 3IorU acquisi'ti, 
 M. adventi'tii, M. epicte'ti. Adventitious dieeusea, 
 (F.) Maladies acquises. Diseases which occur 
 after birth, and which are not dependent upon 
 hereditary predisposition. 
 
 ACRAI'PALA, froni a, privative, and xpaiTraX/;, 
 ' drunkenness.' Remedies against the effects of 
 a debauch. — Gorrasus. 
 
 ACRA'LEA, from oKpo;, 'extremity.' The 
 extreme parts of the body, as the head, hands, 
 feet, nose, ears, Ac. — Hippocrates and Galen. 
 See Acrea. 
 
 AORA'NIA, from a, privative, and Kpavtov, 'the 
 cranium.' Want of cranium, wholly or in part. 
 
 ACRA'SIA, from a, privative, or 'bad,' and 
 Kpaais, ' mixture.' Intemperance. Excess of any 
 kind. — Hippocrates. 
 
 It has been employed to denote debility, syno- 
 nymously with Acratia; but this may have been 
 a typographical inaccuracy. 
 
 ACRATI'A, from a, privative, and KpaTo<;, 
 'strength.' Impotence; weakness, fainting. 
 
 ACRATIS'MA, from a, privative, and Kepnv- 
 vvfjii, 'to mix.' A breakfast, consisting of breaa 
 steeped in wine, not mixed with water. — Galen, 
 AtheniBus. 
 
 ACRATOM'ELI, from oKparov, 'pure wine,' 
 and fieXi, 'honey.' Wine mixed with honey. 
 
 ACRATOPE'G^, Akratope'gcs, from a, priva- 
 tive, and Kparos, 'strength,' and Trrjyij, 'a spring.' 
 Mineral waters having no marked chemical qua- 
 lities. 
 
 ACRATOPOS'IA, from Acratum, and Troa,;, 
 ' drink.' The drinking of pure or unmixed wine. 
 
 A'CRATUM, OKparov, from a, privative, and 
 Kparog, 'strength.' Unmixed wine, — Acratum 
 vinum, Vinum tnerum, 
 
 ACRATURE'SIS, from Ac7-atia, 'weakness,' 
 and ovpov, 'urine.' Inability to void the urine 
 from paralysis of the bladder. 
 
 ACRE. The extremity or tip of the nose. 
 
 A'CREA, Acroteria, from axpos, 'the summit.' 
 The extreme parts of the body, as the feet, hands, 
 ears, &c. 
 
 Also the extreme parts of animals that are used 
 as food. Acrocolia. 
 
 ACRID, from axpos, ' a point or summit,' or 
 from oKt;, 'a point,' Acer. An epithet for sub- 
 stances which occasion a disagreeable sense of 
 irritation or of constriction at the top of tho 
 throat. 
 
 Acrid heat, (F.) Chaleur acre, is one that causes 
 a hot tingling sensation at the extremities of the 
 fingers. 
 
 Acrid Poisojt, See Poison. 
 
 AcRiDS, in Pathology, are certain imaginary 
 substances, supposed by the humourists to exist 
 in the humours, and to "cause various diseases. 
 See Acrimony. 
 
 ACEIDOPH'AGI, from aKpig, 'a locust,' and 
 (payw, ' I eat.' Locitst-eaters. Acridophagous 
 tribes are said to exist in Africa. — Strabo. 
 
 ACRIMONY, Acu'itas, Acrimo'nia, from acer, 
 'acrid,' a(ci?, 'a point.' Acrimony of the humours. 
 An imaginary acrid change of the blood, lymph, 
 &c., which, by the humourists, was conceived to 
 cause many diseases. 
 
 ACRIN'IA, from a, privative, and uptva, 'I 
 separate.' A diminution in the quantity, or a 
 total suspension, of the secretions. 
 
 ACRIS, a sharp bony prominence. Also, thfl 
 lociist. 
 
 ACRI'SIA, Acri'sis, from a, privative, and 
 Kpiais, 'judgment.' A condition of dise-ise, in 
 which no judgment can be formed; or in which 
 an unfavourable opinion must be giveii. — Hipj> 
 and Galen. 
 
 ACRISIS, Aorisia. 
 
ACRITICAL 
 
 46 
 
 ACTION 
 
 ACRIT'ICAL, Ac'ritos, from a, privative, and 
 toitrig, 'judgment.' That which takes place ■with- 
 out any crisis, or which does not foretell a crisis j 
 ■aS a critical symptom, abscess, &c. 
 
 ACKITOS, Acritical. 
 
 ACitrVIOLA, Tropaeolum majus. 
 
 ACROAMA, Audition. 
 
 ACROASIS, Audition. 
 
 ACROBYS'TIA, yicro/iog'i^ta, from oKpof, 'top,' 
 and fivw, 'I cover.' The extremity of the prepuce. 
 — Hippocrates. Rufus. 
 
 ACROCHEIR', Acrochir', Acrocheir'on, from 
 «(cpof, 'extremity,' and x^'P> 'the hand.'* The 
 forearm and hand. Gorrasus. Also, the hand. 
 
 ACROCHOR'DON, from axpog, 'extremity,' 
 and X''9^'J> ''*' string.' A tumour which hangs by 
 a pedicle. A kind of hard wart, Verru' ca pens' - 
 Uis. — Aetius, Celsus. 
 
 ACROCHORIS'MUS, from aKpoj, 'extremity,' 
 and voozvin, ' I dance.' A kind of dance, with 
 ^e ancients, in which the arms and legs were 
 violently asitated. 
 
 ACROCOLIA, Acrea. 
 
 ACROCOLIUM, Acromion. 
 
 ACROD'RYA, from aKpos, 'extremity,' and 
 Spv;, 'a tree.' Autumnal fruits, as nuts, ap- 
 ples, &c. 
 
 ACRODYN'IA, Erythe'ma acrod'ynum, E. 
 acrodyii'ia, (F.) Aerodynie, from axpog, 'extre- 
 mity,' and oSuvij, 'pain.' A painful afl'ection of 
 the wrists and ankles especially, which appeared 
 in Paris as an epidemic, in 1828 and 1829. It 
 was supposed by some to be rheumatic, by others 
 to be owing to spinal irritation. 
 
 ACROLENION, Olecranon. 
 
 ACROMASTIUM, Nipple. 
 
 ACROMIA, Acromion. 
 
 ACRO'MIAL, Acroriiia'lis. E,elating to the 
 Acromion. 
 
 Acromial Ar'teey, External Scap'ular, A. 
 Arte'ria Thorac"ica hnmera'lis, Artere troisieme 
 des Thoraciques, — (Ch.) A. Thoraeique hmne- 
 rale, arises from the anterior part of the axillary 
 artery, opposite the upper edge of the pectoralis 
 minor. It divides into two branches : one, supe- 
 rior; the other, inferior, — the branches of which 
 are distributed to the subclavius, serratus major 
 anticus, first intercostal, deltoid, and pectoralis 
 major muscles, as well as to the shoulder joint, 
 Ac. They anastomose with the superior scapu- 
 lar, thoracic, and circumflex arteries. 
 
 Acromial Nerves, Nerri acromia'les. 
 Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are 
 distributed to the acromial region. 
 
 Acromial Vein has the same arrangement 
 as the arterv. 
 
 ACRO'MiO-CORACOI'DEUS. Belonging to 
 the acromion and coracoid process. 
 
 The triangular ligament between the acromion 
 and coracoid process of the scapula is so called. 
 
 ACRO'MION, Acro'mium, Acro'mia, Acro'mis, 
 from aKpog, 'the top,' and oiios, 'the shoulder.' 
 Os Aero'mii, Hu'mervs summns, Armus summus, 
 Macro hu'mer), Rostrum porci'mnn, Caput Scap'- 
 ulffi, Acroeo'liuia. The process w'lich terminates 
 the spine of the scapula, and is articulated with 
 the clavicle. 
 
 ACROMIS, Acromion. 
 
 ACROMPHALIUM, Acromph.ilon. 
 
 ACROM'PHALON, Acromijha'lium, from 
 anpo?, 'the top,' and ojjKpaXo;, 'the navel.' The 
 extremity of the umbilical cord, which remains 
 iittached to the foetus after birth. 
 
 ACROMYLE, Patella. 
 
 ACEo-NARCOTIC, See Poison. 
 
 A'CRONYX, from axpos, 'the summit,' and 
 91-rf, ' the nail.' Growing in of the nail. 
 
 ACROPARAL'YSIS, from axpo;, 'extremity,' 
 
 and napaXvci;, ' palsy ;* Paral'ysis extremtta'tum, 
 Palsy of the extremities. Fuchs. 
 
 ACROPOSTHIA, Acrobystia. 
 
 ACROPSI'LON, from oKpog, 'extremity,* avA 
 xpiXos, 'naked.' The extremity of the glans peniu^ 
 
 ACRORIA, Vertex. 
 
 ACROB.R'H.E'U'MA, Rheumatis'mus extremitn^ 
 turn, from oKooj, 'extremity,' and p£u/<a, 'defluxioK 
 rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the extremities. 
 
 ACROS, aKpos, 'extremity, top.' The strengtl 
 of the Athlet-ee, and of diseases ; the prominences 
 of bones : the extremities of the fingers, <fec. Sea 
 Acrocheir, Acromion, &e. 
 
 ACROTERIA, Acrea. See Extremity. 
 
 ACROTERIASIS, Acroteriasmus. 
 
 ACROTERIAS'MUS, Aoroteri'asis, from airpo- 
 TTipia, 'the extremities;' hence aKporripia^tiv, 'to 
 mutilate.' Amputation of the extremities. 
 
 ACROTHYM'ION, from aKpos, 'top,' and 
 ■&D//OV, ' thyme.' A kind of conical, rugous, bloody 
 wart, compared by Celsus to the flower of thyme. 
 
 ACROT'ICA, from aKpos, 'summit.' Diseases 
 aflfecting the excement functions of the external 
 surface of the body. 
 
 Pravity of the fluids or emunctories that open 
 on the external surface ; without fever or other 
 internal affection as a necessary accompaniment 
 
 The 3d order of the class Eccrit'ica of Good. 
 
 ACROTISMUS, Asphyxia. 
 
 ACT, Actus, from actum, past participle of 
 agere, ' to do,' ' a thing done.' The effective ex- 
 ercise of a power or faculty. The action of an 
 agent. Acte is used by the French, to signify 
 the public discussion, which occurs in supporting 
 a thesis : — thus, soiitenir un Acte aux Ecoles de 
 Medecine, is, 'to defend a Thesis in the Schools 
 of Medicine.' 
 
 ACTiE'A CIMICIF'UGA, A. racemo'sa. 
 
 Actje'a Racemo'sa, A. Cimicifuga, Cimi-' 
 cif'uga, (Ph. U. S.) 0. racemo'sa, Macro'tryi 
 racemo'sa, Bot' rophis Serpenta'ria (?) Serpen- 
 ta'ria nigra. Black snakeroot, Bichweed, Co' 
 hash, Squaw root, Battleweed, Black Cohosh. 
 (F.) Actee d grappes, Serpentaire noire. Nat. 
 Ord. Ranunculaceffi. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Pen- 
 tagynia. A common plant in the United States. 
 The root is astringent; and, according to Barton, 
 has been successfully used, in the form of decoc- 
 tion, as a gargle in putrid sore throat. A decoc- 
 tion of the root cures the itch. It is acro-nareo- 
 tic, and has been used in rheumatism, acute and 
 chronic ; chorea, <fcc. 
 
 Act^'a Spica'ta, OhristopTioria'na spica'tn, 
 Aconi'tum racemo'sum, Baneberry, Herb Chris'- 
 topher. (F.) Herbe St. Christoplie. A perennial 
 herbaceous European plant, the root of which 
 resembles that of the black hellebore. The root 
 is cathartic, and sometimes emetic, and in over- 
 doses may produce dangerous consequences. 
 
 Actce'a America'na, of which there are twG 
 varieties, A. alba and A. rubra, — white and reO. 
 cohosh, is indigenous in the United States. It 
 has the same properties as A. spicata, 
 
 ACTE, Sambucus. 
 
 ACTE, Act. 
 
 ACTEE a GRAPPES, Actcea racemosa. 
 
 ACT IF, Active. 
 
 ACTIO, Action, Function. 
 
 ACTION, Ac'tio, Opera' tio, Energi'a, Praxis : 
 from agere, actum, ' to act.' Mode in which one 
 object influences another. 
 
 The animal actions are those that occur in the 
 animal body: the vital, those that are essential 
 to life : the physiological, those of a healthy cha- 
 racter : the pathological, or morbific, those that 
 occur in disease, &c. The ancients divided the 
 physiological actions into lu'tal, anim:il, natural, 
 sexual, particular, general, &c. See Function. 
 
ACTIONES 
 
 47 
 
 ADDUCTOR 
 
 ACTIONES NATURALES, see Function. 
 
 ACTIVE, same etymon. Dras'tieus, Aeti'vus, 
 Sthen'icus, Hypeisthen'icu^. (F.) Actif. This 
 adjective is used, in Pathology, to convey the 
 idea of superabundant energy or strength. Active 
 eynnHoms, e. g. are those of excitement. In The- 
 rapeuties, it signifies energetic: — as, an active 
 treatment. The French use fhe expression J/e- 
 decine agissante, in contradistinction to Medecine 
 expectante. In Physiology, active has a similar 
 signification, many of the functions being divided 
 into active and passive. 
 
 ACTON. A village near London, at which 
 there is a purgative mineral spring, like that at 
 Epsom. 
 
 ACTUAL. Same etymon as active. That 
 which acts immediately. A term usually re- 
 stricted to the red-hot iron, or to heat in any 
 form I in contradistinction to the potential or vir- 
 tual, ■which is applied to caustics or escharotics. 
 
 ACTUA'RIUS. Originally a title of dignity 
 given to the Byzantine physicians. 
 
 ACTUS PARTURITIONIS, Parturition. 
 
 ACUITAS, Acrimony. 
 
 ACULEUS LIGNEUS, Splinter. 
 
 ACUMETER, Acoumeter. 
 
 A'CUPUNCTURE, Acuptinctu'ra, from acns, 
 * a needle,' and ^itHcfwra, 'a puncture.' A sur- 
 gical operation, much in use amongst the Chinese 
 and Japanese, which consists in puncturing parts 
 with a very fine needle. It has been emploj'ed, 
 of late years, in obstinate rheumatic afi'eotions, 
 &c., and apparently with success. Acupuncture 
 is likewise a mode of infanticide in some coun- 
 tries ; the needle being forced into the brain 
 through the fontanelles, or into the spinal mar- 
 row, &e. 
 
 ACURGIA, Surgery (operative.) 
 
 ACUS, Needle — a. Capitata, Pin — a. Invagi- 
 nata, see Needle — a. Ophthalmiea, see Needle — 
 a. Paracentica, Trocar — a. Paracentetica, Trocar 
 — a. Triquetra vulgaris, Trocar — a. Veneris, 
 Eryngium campestre. 
 
 ACUSIMETER, Acoumeter. 
 
 ACUSIS, Audition. 
 
 ACUSTICA, Acoustics. 
 
 ACUSTICUS, Auditory. 
 
 ACUTE, Acu'tus, Oxys, o|u?, {aKi^, 'a point.') 
 (F.) Aigu. A disease which, with a certain de- 
 gree of severity, has a rapid progress, and short 
 duration, is said to be "acute." — Oxynose'ma, 
 Oxyn'osos, Oxynu'sos. 
 
 Diseases were formerly subdivided into Morli 
 acutis'simi, very acute, or those which last only 
 three or four days : 31. subacutis'simi, which con- 
 tinue seven days : and If. suhacu'ti, or those 
 which last from twenty to forty days. 
 
 The antithesis to acute is chronic Acute, when 
 applied to pain, sound, cries, &c., means sharp. 
 
 ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille. 
 
 ACYANOBLEP'SIA, from a, privative, Kvavo^, 
 'blue,' and /SAetu, 'I see.' Defective vision, 
 which consists in incapability of distinguishing 
 blue. — Gothe. See Achromatopsia. 
 
 ACYESIS, Sterilitas. 
 
 ACYRUS, Arnica montana^ 
 
 ACYTERIUS, Abortive. 
 
 ADACA. The SpihcBran'thus In'dicus, a Mala- 
 bar plant, which is acrid and aromatic. 
 
 ADAC'RYA, from a, privative, and SaK^vm, 'I 
 weep.' Defective secretion of tears. 
 
 AD^MONIA, Anxiety. 
 
 ADAKO'DIEN. A Malabar plant of the fa- 
 mily Apocyneae, used in that country in diseases 
 of the eyes. 
 
 AD'ALI, Lip'pia. A Malabar plant, which 
 the Orientals regard as an antidote to the bite of 
 the naja. 
 
 ADAMANTINE SUBSTANCE, Enamel of 
 
 the teeth. 
 
 ADAMAS, Diamond. 
 
 ADAMI'TA, Adari.i'tum. A very bard, white 
 calculus. — Paracelsus. 
 
 The first word has been used for stone in the 
 bladder : the second for lithiasis or the calculcais 
 condition. 
 
 ADAM'S APPLE, Pomum Adami. 
 
 ADANSONIA DIGITATA, Baobab. 
 
 ADAPTER, from ad and apto, ' I fit.' A tube 
 employed in pharmaceutical operations for length- 
 ening the neck of a retort; or in cases where the 
 opening of the receiver is not large enough to 
 admit the beak of the retort. 
 
 ADAR'CE, Adar'cion, Adar'cia A concretion 
 found about the reeds and grass in the marshy 
 regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as it were : 
 hence the name, from a, privative, and Jip/cu, ' I 
 see.' It was formerly in repute for cleansing the 
 skin from freckles, Ac. 
 
 ADARIGO, Orpiment. 
 
 ADARNECH, Orpiment. 
 
 ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia. 
 
 AD CUTEM ABDOM'INIS (ARTERIA.) 
 The superficial artery of the ahdomen, — a branch 
 of the crural or femoral, which arises at the 
 lower part of Poupart's ligament and ascends 
 towards the umbilicus, being distributed to the 
 integuments. 
 
 AD DAD. A Numidian plant; bitter and 
 poisonous. 
 
 ADDEPHAG"IA, Adep7iag"ia, from acS,,v, 
 'much,' and tftayeiv, 'to eat.' Voraeions'ness. 
 Galen and Hoffman have given this name to vo- 
 racious appetite in children affected with worms. 
 Sauvages refers it to Bulimia. Also, the goddess 
 of gluttony. 
 
 ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
 
 ADDITAMEN'TUM. A term once used sy- 
 nonymously with Epiphysis. It is now restricted 
 to the prolongation of two cranial sutui-es, the 
 lamboidal and squamous. 
 
 Additajienttjm Coli, Appendix vermiformis 
 easei — a. Necatum, Olecranon — a. ad Sacrolum- 
 balem, see Sacro-lumbalis — a. Uncatum ulna>. 
 Olecranon — a. Ulnse, Radius. 
 
 ADDUCENS OCULI, Rectus internus oculi. 
 
 ADDUOTEUR BE L'OEIL, Rectus inter- 
 nus oculi — a. du Gros orteil, Adductor pollicis 
 pedis — a. Premier ou moyen. Adductor longus 
 femoris — a. du Police, Adductor pollicis manfls 
 — a. Second om. petit, Adductor brevis — a. Troi- 
 sieme ou grand, Adductor magnus. 
 
 ADDUCTION, Addvc'tio, from ad, 'to,' and 
 ducere, 'to draw.' Parago'ge. The action by which 
 parts are drawn towards the axis of the body. 
 
 The muscles which execute this function are 
 called Addue'tors. 
 
 ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS, Pos- 
 terior medii digiti pedis — a. Oculi, Rectus inter- 
 nus ocuM. 
 
 ] Adduc'tor Metacae'pi min'imi Dig"iti, J>/<?- 
 tacar'peiis, Car'po-metacar'peus min'imi dig"iti, 
 is situate jjetween the adductor and flexor, next 
 to the metacarpal bone. It arises, fleshy, frojn 
 the unciform process of the os unciforme, and 
 from the contiguous part of the annular ligament 
 of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous and fleshy. 
 into the fore-part of the metacarpal bone of tlie 
 little finger, from its base to its head. 
 
 Adduc'tor Pol'licis ManiIs, A. Pol'licis, A. 
 ad min'imum dig"itum, Metaear'po-phalan'geus 
 pol'licis — (Ch.) (F.) Adducteur du pouce. A 
 muscle which arises, fleshy, from almost th» 
 whole length of the metacarpal bone of the mid- 
 dle finger, and is inserted into the inner part of 
 the root of the first bone of the thumb. 
 
ADEC 
 
 48 
 
 ADEPS 
 
 Addttc'tor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'enar, Me- 
 tatar' so-suhpholan' geua pollicis. — (Ch.) Tarso- 
 ntetatarsi-phalangien dii ponce. (F.) Adducteur 
 till gros orteil. Arises by a long, thin tendon, 
 from tlie under part of the os calcis, from the os 
 Buboides, os cunelforme externum, and from the 
 root of the metatarsal bone of the second toe. It 
 is divided into two fleshy portions, and is inserted 
 into the external sesamoid bone, and root of the 
 metatarsal bone of the great toe. 
 
 Bichat has given the general name, Adduc'- 
 tors, to those of the interosseous muscles of the 
 hand or foot, which perform, the action of ad- 
 duction. 
 
 Addcctoe Teeth Digiti Pedis, Prior tertli 
 digit! pedis. 
 
 Adductors of the thigh. These are three 
 in number, which have, by some anatomists, been 
 united into one muscle — the Triceps Addac'tor 
 Fern' or !e, 
 
 1. Addxic'toT longus fem'oris, Addttc'tor fem'- 
 orii primus, Tricepis minor, Pu'hio-feraora'lis — 
 ( Gh.) (F.) Pr'imier ou moyen adducteur. Arises 
 by a strong tendon from the upper and fore part 
 of the OS pubis and ligament of the symphysis, 
 at the inner side of the pectinalis. It runs down- 
 wards and outwards, and is inserted by a broad, 
 flat tendon, into the middle of the linea aspera. 
 
 2. Adduc'tor hrevis, A. fein'orii secuii'dus, 
 Triceps sccun'dus, Suh-pubio-femora'lis — (Ch.) 
 (F.) Second ou petit Adducteur. Arises tendi- 
 nous from the os pubis, at the side of its sym- 
 physis, below and behind the last muscle. It 
 runs obliquely outwards, and is inserted by a 
 short, flat tendon into the inner and upper part 
 of the linea aspera, from a little below the tro- 
 chanter minor to the beginning of the insertion 
 of the adductor longus. 
 
 3. Adduc'tor inagnus, Adduc'tor fem'oris ter'- 
 tiuB et quartus, Triceps mognus, Is' chio-femora' - 
 lis — (Ch.) (F.) Troiiieme ou grand adducteur, is 
 much larger than either of the others. It arises 
 from the ramus of the pubis, from that of the 
 ischium, and from the tuber isehii, and is inserted 
 into the whole length of the linea aspera. jSTear 
 the lower part of the linea aspera it is pierced 
 by a kind of oblique, fibrous canal, through which 
 the crural artery and vein pass. 
 
 ADEC. The inner man. — Paracelsus. 
 
 ADECTA, Sedatives. 
 
 ADELIPARIA, Polysarcia. 
 
 ADELODAGAM. A bitter Malabar plant, 
 used in asthma, catarrh, and gout. 
 
 ADELPrllA, see Adelphixia. 
 
 ADELPHIX'IA, Adelphixis; from aSt^tpo;, 
 ' brother.' Consanguinity of parts in health or 
 disease. Frater'nitas, Fratra'tio. Hippocrates 
 used the word Adel'phia, for diseases that re- 
 semble each other. 
 
 ADELPHIXIS, Sympathy. 
 
 ADEMONIA, Depression, Nostalgia. 
 
 ADE'IOSYNE, Depression, Nostalgia. 
 
 ADEN, acriv, 'a gland;' h.^u.(itAdenalgia,Ade- 
 niform, Ac. — see Gland. 
 
 ADENAL'GIA, Adenodyn'ia, from alrjv, 'a 
 fcland.' and a>yos, 'pain.' Glandular pain. 
 
 ADENECTOP'IA, from akr,v, 'a gland,' and 
 etroTTo;, 'removed from its place.' Dislocation of 
 a gland. 
 
 ADENEMPHRAX'IS, from aow, 'a gland,' 
 and [^(ppaiig, 'obstruction.' Glandular obstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 ADEN'IFORM, Adeniform'is, AdenoVdes, 
 Adenoid, from Aden, 'a gland,' and Forma, 'form 
 or resemblance.' Glan'di/orm, or resembling a 
 gland. ^ 
 
 ADENITE lYMPHATlQUE, Lymphaden- 
 
 ADENI'TIS, from a^nv, 'a gland,' and iiU, a 
 termination denoting inflammation. Phlegma'sia 
 adeno'sa seu glandulo'sa. Glandular inflamma' 
 tion. 
 
 Adenitis Ltmphatica, Lymphadenitis. 
 
 Adeni'tis Mesenter'ica, Ilesenter'ic Gangli- 
 oni'tis. Inflammation of the mesenteric glands. 
 
 Adenitis Palpebrarum Contagiosa, see Oph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA, from aV, 'ft 
 gland,' x^'P> 't^® hand,' aTrrw, 'I lay hold of,' and 
 Xoyos, 'a description.' The doctrine of curing 
 scrofula or the king's evil by the royal touch. 
 
 ADENOCHON'DRIUS, from 00*771-, 'a gland,' 
 and ^ovSpos, 'a cartilage.' Relating to gland and 
 cartilage, — for example, Arthropihij' ma adeno- 
 chon'drium, a tumefaction of the glands and car- 
 tilages of joints. 
 
 ADENODTNIA, Adenalgia. 
 
 ADENOG'RAPHT, Adenogra'phia, from aS^v, 
 'a gland,' and Ypa<po), '1 describe.' That part of 
 anatomy which describes the glands. 
 
 ADENOID, Adeniform. 
 
 ADENOIDES, Adeniform. 
 
 ADENOL'OGY, Adenolog"ia, from airv. 'a 
 gland,' and \oyoi, 'a description.' A treatise on 
 the glands. 
 
 ADENOMALA'CIA, from ahr,v, 'a gland,' and 
 naXaKia, ' softening.' MoUescence or softening of 
 a gland. 
 
 ADENO-MENINGEAL, see Fever, adeno- 
 meningeal. 
 
 ADENONCOSIS, Adenophyma. 
 
 ADE'NO-PHARYN'GEUS, from a5?jv, 'a 
 gland,' and ^apvyl, 'the pharynx.' Some fleshy 
 fibres, which pass from the constrictor pharyngis 
 inferior to the thyroid gland, have received this 
 name. Their existence is not constant. 
 
 ADE'NO-PUARYNGI'TIS. Same etyfaon. 
 Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. 
 
 ADENOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi. 
 
 ADENOPHY'MA, Adenon'ous, Adenonro'eis, 
 from airiv, 'a gland,' and <j.vixn, 'a swelling.' 
 Swelling of a gland, or glandiform ganglion. 
 (F.) Glunduge. A(7e»o^y/i'y?«a is. used by some to 
 signify a soft glandular swelling; — Adenoncus, 
 one of a harder character. — Kraus. 
 
 Adenophyiia Inguinalis. Bubo. 
 
 ADENOSCIR'RHUS, Adenosclero'sis, from 
 abriv, 'a gland,' and cr/ctppo?, 'induration.' Scir- 
 rhous induration of a gland. 
 
 ADENOSCLEROSIS, Adenoscirrhus. 
 
 ADENOSIS SCROPHULOSA, Scrofula. 
 
 ADENO'SUS, {Absces'sus.) A hard, glandular 
 abscess, which suppurates slowly. — M. A. Seve- 
 rinus. 
 
 ADENOT'OMY, Adenotom'ia, from aSjjv, 'a 
 gland,' and tcjivu, 'I cut.' Dissection of the 
 glands. 
 
 ADEPHAGIA, Addephagia, Bonlimia. 
 
 ADEPS, Adeps SuiUits, Oxyn'gium, Pingne'do. 
 Pig's flare. The fat of the hog. In the Ph. U. S. 
 the prepared fat of Sue scro/a, free from saline 
 matter. 
 
 Adeps Ansehi'nus, Adeps an'seris or Goose 
 grease, (F.) Graisse d'Oie, is emollient. It has 
 been used as an emetic. 
 
 Adeps Cantharidibus Medicatus, TJnguen- 
 tum Ij'ttae medicatum — a. Cortiee Daphnes gnidii 
 medicatus, Unguentum epispasticum de Daphne 
 gnidio — a. Humanus, Liquamumia — a. Hydrar- 
 gyro medicatus, Unguentum ITydrargyri — a. ex 
 Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum, Unguentum 
 oxidi hydrargyri cinereum — a, Hydrargyri muri- 
 ate oxj'genato medicatus, Unguentum muriatis 
 hydrargj'ri oxygenati medicatum — a. Ilydrargj-ri 
 nitrate medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis 
 — a. Hydrargyri oxido rubro et plumhi aceta me- 
 
ADEPT 
 
 49 
 
 ADORIOI!^ 
 
 4i<Jitus, UngueDtum optthalmicum — a. Lauro 
 medieatus, Unguentum laurinum — a. Ovilli, Se- 
 rum — a. Papavere, hyoscyamo, et belladonna 
 medieatus, XJngnentum populeum — a. Sulfure et 
 ammoniEe muriate medieatus, Unguentum sul- 
 phuratum ad scabiem — a. Sulfure et carbonate 
 potassas medieatus, Unguentum sulphuratum al- 
 calinum ad scabiem — a. Tartaro stibii medieatus, 
 Unguentum antimonii tartarizati — a. Oxido zinci 
 medieatus, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri. 
 
 Adeps Pejepara'tus, Hog's lard, Barrow's 
 grease, Lard, Ax'unge, Axun'gia, Adeps suil'lus 
 prapara' tus, A. prcepara'ttis, Axun'gia porci'na, 
 (F.) Graisse de Pore, Saindoitx, is prepared by 
 mvlting pig's flare, and straining it. This is 
 called rendering the lard. Lard is emollient, 
 but is chiefly used for forming ointments and 
 plasters. 
 
 ADEPT, Alohymist. 
 
 ADEP'TA MEDICI'NA. Medicine, which 
 treated of diseases contracted by celestial opera- 
 tions, or communicated from heaven. 
 
 Adepta Philosophia, Alchymy. 
 
 ADFLATUS, Afflatus. 
 
 ADH^RENTIA, Adherence. 
 
 ADH^SIO, Adherence. 
 
 ADHATO'DA, Justic"ia adhato'da. The 3Ia- 
 labar Nut Tree. (F.) Koyer de Ceylon. Used 
 in India for expelling the dead foetus in abortion. 
 The word is said to convey this meaning in the 
 Ceylonese. 
 
 ADHE'REjSTCE, Adhe'sion, Adharen'tia, Oon- 
 cre'tio, Atre'sia, Pros'physis, ProseoUe'sis, Ad- 
 hce'sio, from adhmrere, {ad and harere,) 'to stick 
 to.' These words are usually employed synonym- 
 ously. The French often use adherence for the 
 state of union, and adhesion for the act of ad- 
 hering. 
 
 ADilESION, Adherence. 
 
 ADHE'SIVE INFLAMMA'TION is that in- 
 flammation which terminates by an adhesion 
 between inflamed and separated surfaces, and 
 which was, at one time, supposed to be necessary 
 for such adhesion. 
 
 Adhe'sive is also an epithet for certain plasters 
 which stick closely to the skin. 
 
 ADIANTHUM, Adiantum. 
 
 ADIANTUM, a. pedatum. 
 
 Adiantum ^thiop'icum. A South African 
 plant, Nat. Ord. Filiees, an infusion of which is 
 sometimes used as an emollient in coughs, and 
 in diseases of the chest. 
 
 Adiantuji Albusi, Asplenium ruta muraria — 
 a. Aureum, Polytrichum. 
 
 Adian'tum Capil'lus Yen'eris, A. Coriandri- 
 fo'lium seu Nigrum, Capil'lus Veti'eris, from a, 
 privative, and Siatvo), ' to grow wet,' from the 
 leaves not being easily moistened. Maiden hair. 
 (F.) Oapillaire de Montpellier. A European 
 plant, of feeble, aromatic and demulcent pro- 
 perties. It is used for forming the Sirop de Ca- 
 pillaire or Capillaire. 
 
 Adiantum Coriandkifolium, A. Capillus Ve- 
 neris. 
 
 Adiantum Nigrum, A. Capillus Veneris. 
 
 Adian'tum Peda'tum, A. Canaden'se seu Pa- 
 tens, Adiantum, Capil'lus Ve7i'eri8 Canaden'sis, 
 Herba Ven'eris, Filix Ven'eris, Canada Maiden- 
 hi.ir, American Maidenhair, Rochfern, Sioeetfern, 
 (F.) Capillaire du Canada, has the same proper- 
 ties. Capillaire was once made from this. See 
 Adiantum. 
 
 Adiantum Rubrum, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
 
 ADIAPHORO'SIS, Adiaphore'sis, from a, pri- 
 i^ative, ita, 'through,' and tdopos, 'a pore.' Defect 
 or suppression of perspiration, Adiapneua'tia. 
 
 ADIAPH'OROUS, Adiaph'orus, Indiff'erens, 
 4 
 
 Neutral. A medicine which will neither do Harm 
 nor good. 
 
 ADIAPNEUSTIA, Adiaphorosis. 
 
 ADIARRHCE'A, from a, privative, and 5iap- 
 pziv, 'to flow.' Retention of any excretion. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ADICE, Urtica. 
 
 ADIPATUS, Fatty. 
 
 ADIPEUX, Adipose, 
 
 ADIPOCERA, Adipocire — a. Cetosa, Ceta- 
 ceum. 
 
 ADIPOCIRE, Adipoce'ra, from adeps, 'fat,' 
 and cera, ' wax.' The base of biliary calculi, 
 called also ChoV esterine. Also, a sort of soap, 
 formed from animal matter imder certain circum- 
 stances. (F.) Gras des Cadavres, Gras des Cime- 
 tieres. The human body, when it has been for some 
 weeks in water, assumes this appearance ; and it 
 has been a subject of legal inquiry, what length 
 of time is necessary to produce it. This must, 
 of course, depend upon various circumstances, as 
 climate, season, <Scc. 
 
 ADIPOCIRE DE BALEINE, Cetaceum, 
 
 AD'IPOSE, Ad'ipovs, Adipo'sus, from adeps, 
 'fat.' CE.JAclipeux. That which relates to fat — 
 as Adipose membrane, A. vessels, &c. See Fatty. 
 
 Ad'ipose Sarco'ma of Aberne'thy, Emphy'ma 
 sarco'ma adipo'sum, is suetty throughout, and 
 enclosed in a thin capside of condensed areolar 
 substance, connected by means of minute vessels. 
 It is chiefly found on the fore and back parts of 
 the trunk. See Sarcoma. 
 
 ADIPOSIS. See Polysarcia. 
 
 Adipo'sis Hepat'ica, Pimelo'sis hepat'ica, 
 Fatty liver. Fatty degeneration of the liver, (F.) 
 Degenerescence graissetise du Foie. Fatty dis- 
 ease of the liver. 
 
 ADIPOSUS, Fatty. 
 
 ADIPOUS, Fatty. 
 
 NDTP'QIK, Dipso'sis expera. Absence of thirst. 
 
 ADIP'SON, Adip'sum, from a, privative, and 
 Si\l/a, 'thirst.' Any substance which relieves 
 thirst. Applied to a decoction of barley to which 
 oxymel was added. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ADIPSOS, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 AD'ITUS, 'an entrance,' 'an approach ;' from 
 adere, aditum, ' to go to.' Pros'odos. The en- 
 trance to a canal or duct, as Aditus ad Aqticsdue- 
 tuni Fallop>ii. 
 
 Aditus ad Infundibulum, Vulva. 
 
 ADIULIS'TOS, from a, privative, and iiv^il^u,, 
 ' I strain.' Unstrained wine for pharmaceutical 
 purposes. — Gorrasus. 
 
 ADJUNCTUM, Accompaniment. 
 
 ADJUTOR PARTUS, Accoucheur. 
 
 AD'JUVANT, Ad'jv.vans, from adjuvare, 'to 
 aid.' A medicine, introduced into a prescription 
 to aid the operation of the principal ingredient 
 or basis. Also, whatever assists in the removal 
 or prevention of disease. 
 
 ADNASCENTIA, Prosphysis. 
 
 ADNATA (TUNICA,) Conjunctiva. 
 
 ADNEE {MEMBRANE,) Conjunctiva. 
 
 ADOLES'CENCE, Adoleacen'tia, Juven'tu^, 
 ^tas bona. Youth; from adolescere {ad and 
 olescere) 'to grow.' (F.) Jeunesse. The period 
 between puberty and that at which the body 
 acquires its full development; being, in man, 
 between the 14th and 2oth years ; and, in woman, 
 between the 12th and 21st. 
 
 ADOLES'CENS, Ju'venis, Eebe'tes, k'ehe'ter, 
 Hebe'tor. A youth. A young man in th"e period 
 of adolescence. 
 
 ADO'LIA. A Malabar plant, whose leaves, 
 put in oU, form a liniment, used in facilitating 
 labour. 
 
 ADOR, Zea mays. 
 
 ADORION, Daucus ;arota. 
 
ADOUGISSANT 
 
 50 
 
 ^GYPTIA 
 
 ADOUCTSSANT, Demulcent. 
 
 AD PONDUS OM'NIUM. The weight of the 
 whole. In a prescription it means, that any 
 particular ingredient shall equal in weight the 
 whole of the others. 
 
 ABRAGANT, Tragacantha, 
 
 ADRA RIZA, Aristolochia clematitis. 
 
 ADROBO'LON, from a^poj, 'great/ andjSuXoj, 
 ' mass.' The bdellium of India, which is in larger 
 pieces than that of Arabia. 
 
 ADROS, aS^og, ' plump and full.' Applied to 
 the habit of body, and also to the pulse. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 ADSARIA PALA, Doliehos pruriens. 
 
 ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration. 
 
 ADSTANS, Prostate. 
 
 ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate, 
 
 ADSTRICTIO Astrietion, Constipation. 
 
 ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents. 
 
 ADSTRINGENTIA, Astringents. 
 
 ADULAS'SO, The Justitia bivalvis. A small 
 ehrub, used in India as a local application in gout. 
 
 ADULT, see Adult age. 
 
 Adult Age, Andri'a, from adolescere, 'to 
 grow to,' {ad and olere, olitum, 'to grow.') Vi- 
 ril'ity. The age succeeding adolescence, and pre- 
 ceding old age. In the civil law, an adult is one, 
 who, if a boy, has attained the age of fourteen 
 years ; and, if a girl, of twelve. In the common 
 law, one of full age. Adult, Adul'tus, is also 
 used for one in the adult age, 
 
 ADULTERATIO, Falsification. 
 
 ADULTUS, see Adult age, 
 
 ADUNCATIO UNGUIUM, Onychogryphosis, 
 
 ADURENS, Caustic, 
 
 ADURION, Rhus coriaria, 
 
 ADUST, Adus'fus, from adurere, (ad and 
 urere,) 'to burn.' The blood and fluids were 
 formerly said to be adust, when there was much 
 beat in the constitution and but little serum in 
 the blood. 
 
 ADUSTIO, Adustion, Burn. 
 
 ADUS'TION, Adua'tio. State of the body 
 described under Adust. In surgery, it signifies 
 
 ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES, Acquired dis- 
 eases. 
 
 ADVENTITIUS, Accidental. 
 
 ADYNA'MIA, Imjjoten'tia; from o, privative, 
 and Swa/ii;, 'strength,' Adyna'sia, Adyna'tia. 
 Considerable debility of the vital powers ; as in 
 typhus fever. Some Nosologists have a class of 
 diseases under the name Adynamia, Ec'lyses, 
 Morhi asthen'ici. 
 
 Adynamia Virilis, Impotence. 
 
 ADYNAM'IC, Adynam'icus, Hypodynam'ic, 
 iTypodynam'ieus ; same etymon. Appertaining 
 10 debility of the vital powers, 
 ^ ADYNASIA, Adynamia, 
 
 ABYNATIA, Adynamia, 
 
 ADYNATOCOMIUM, Hospital, 
 
 ADYNATODOCIIIUM, Hospital. 
 
 ADYNATOS, Sickly, 
 
 ^DGEA, Genital Organs. 
 
 iEDQS'AGRA, from aiSota, 'genital organs,' 
 jind aypa, ' seizure.' Gout in the genitals. 
 
 ^DOSAG'RAPHY, JSdaeagraph'ia, from ai- 
 iota, 'organs of generation,' and ypatpm, 'I de- 
 scribe.' A description of the organs of gene- 
 ration. 
 
 ^DCEAL'OGY, JEdoealog"ia, from aiSoia, 'the 
 jadendum,' and Xoyog, 'a description,' A treatise 
 on the organs of generation, 
 
 ^DCEAT'OMY, JEdceatom'ia, ^d<eotom'ia, 
 yEdaof'oinS, JEdoeot'omy, from aiSoia, 'the pu- 
 dendum,' and Tcuvu, 'I cut,' Dissection of the 
 parts of generation. 
 
 iEDCEI'TIS. .^■doeoti'tin, Medci'tia; from at- 
 
 Soia, 'genital organs,' and itia, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the genital organs. 
 ^D(EOBLENORRH(EA, Leucorrhoea, 
 ^DCEODYN'IA, from aiooia, 'genital organs,' 
 and oSvvT], ' pain,' Pain in the genitals, Puden- 
 dagra, 
 
 ^DCEOGARGALUS, Masturbation, Nym- 
 phomania. 
 
 JBD(EOGARGARISMUS, Masturbation, 
 Nymphomania. 
 
 iED(EOMANIA, Nymphomania, 
 ^DCEON, Inguen, 
 ^DCEOPSOPHESIS, ^doeopsophia. 
 JBDCEOPSOPH'IA, ^dceopsophe'sis, from at- 
 Soia, 'the pudendum,' and ^■o<puv, 'to make -a 
 noise.' Emission of wind by the urethra in man, 
 by the vagina in woman. — Sauvages and Sagar. 
 .^DCEOPSOPHiA Uterina, Physomctra. 
 ^DGEOTITIS, ^doeitis— 88. Gangrsenosa, 
 Colpocace — se. Gangrenosa puellarum, Colpo- 
 cace infantilis — £e. Gangrsenosa puerperarum, 
 Colpocace puerperarum. 
 uEDGEOTOMB, ^dogatomy. 
 ^D(EOTOMIA, ^doeatomy. 
 ^DCEOTOMY, ^doeatomy. 
 ^DOPTOSIS, Hysteroptosis— se. Uteri, Pro- 
 lapsus uteri — se. Uteri inversa. Uterus, inversion 
 of the — 38, Uteri retroversa, Retroversio uteri — 
 33. Vaginae, Prolapsus V. — se, Vesicse, Exocyste. 
 ^EIG'LUCES, Aeig'lucea, from au, 'always,' 
 and yXuifuf, 'sweet,' A kind of sweet wine or 
 must, — Gorrajus, 
 
 iEGAGROPI'L A, JEgagropi'lus, from atynypoj, 
 ' the rock goat,' and jrtXof, ' hair,' Bezoar d'Alle- 
 magne, Pila Dama'rum seu Hupicapra'rum. A 
 ball composed of hairs, found in the stomach of 
 the goat: once used medicinally, — Bezoar. 
 ^GEIROS, Populus. 
 ^GER, Sick. 
 
 ^'GIAS, JSgis, JSglia, JE'gidea, from a^, 'the 
 goat;' why, is not known. (F.) Aige or Aigle, 
 There is obscurity regarding the precise meaning 
 of this word. It was used to designate an ulcer, 
 or speck on the transparent cornea. — Hippocrates. 
 Maitre Jean uses it for a calcareous deposit 
 between the conjunctiva and sclerotica. 
 iEGIDES, ^gias. 
 
 iE'GILOPS, An'chilopa, An'kylops, from aif, 
 'goat,' and wxp, 'the eye.' An ulcer at the greater 
 angle of the eye, which sometimes does not pene- 
 trate to the lachrymal sac, but at others does, 
 and constitutes fistula lachrymalis. — Galen, Cel- 
 sus, Oribasius, Aetius, Paulus of ^gina, &c, 
 
 JSGI'RINON, An ointment of which the fruit 
 or flower of the poplar was an ingredient; from 
 aiyupoq, ' the black poplar,' 
 ^GLIA. ^gias. 
 
 ^GOCERAS, Trigonella foenum, 
 iEGOLETHRON, Ranunculus flammula, 
 iEGONYCHON, Lithospermum officinale. 
 ^GOPHONIA, Egophony, 
 ^.GOPHONICUS, Egophonic, 
 ^GOPODIUM PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum 
 podagraria, 
 ^GRIPPA, Agrippa, 
 
 iEGRITUDO, Disease— se. Ventrieuli, Vomit- 
 ing. 
 
 iEGROTATIO, Disease. 
 iEGROTUS, Sick, 
 
 ^GYP'TIA, An epithet for several medi- 
 cines, mentioned by Galen, Paulus of ^gina, 
 and Myrepsns. 
 
 iEoYp'TiA MoscnATA, Hibiscus abelmosehus, 
 iEcYP'TIA Stypte'riA, AiyvTTTia (rrvirrripia, 
 Egyptian alum. Recommended by Hippocr, 
 
 ^gyp'tia Ui/cera; Egyptian idcers. Ulcers 
 of the fauces and tonsils, described by Areuens, 
 as common in Egypt and Syria, 
 
iSGrPTIACUM 
 
 51 
 
 iETHER 
 
 ^GYPTIACUM, ^gyp'tion, Mende'sion, Mel 
 ^gyptiacum, Phar'macum ^gyptiacum. A pre- 
 paration of vinegar, honey, and verdigris, scarcely 
 used now, except by veterinary surgeons as a de- 
 tergent. See Linimentum iEruginis. 
 
 ^GYPTION, iEgyptiacum. 
 
 ^GYPTIUM MEDICAMENTUM AD 
 AURES, Pharmacum ad aures. 
 
 ^GYP'TIUS PESSUS : JEgyptian pessary. 
 A pessary, composed of honey, turpentine, butter, 
 oil of lily or of rose, saffron, each one part ; with 
 Bometimes a small quantity of verdigris. 
 
 AEICHRYSON, Sedum. 
 
 ^IPATHEIA, see Continent (Disease.) 
 
 AEIPATHIA, see Continent (Disease.) 
 
 iEMOPTOICA PASSIO, Hemoptysis. 
 
 iENEA, Catheter. 
 
 ^OLECTHYMA, Variola. 
 
 ^OLLION, Varicella. 
 
 ^OLLIUM, Varicella. 
 
 iEON, aiiav. The entire age of a man from 
 birth till death. — Hippocrates, Galen. Also, the 
 Epinal marrow. See Medulla Spinalis. 
 
 ^ONESIS, Fomentation. 
 
 iBONION, Sedum. 
 
 ^O'RA, from aia^cia, 'I suspend.' Gestation, 
 swinging. — Aetius, Celsus, &e. 
 
 ^QUALIS, Equal. 
 
 ^QUA'TOR OC'ULI. The line formed by 
 the union of the upper and under eyelid, when 
 they are closed. It is below the middle of the globe. 
 
 .^QUIVOCUS, Equivocal. 
 
 AER, Air. 
 
 AERATION OP THE BLOOD, Hematosis. 
 
 AERAjTUS, Carbonated. 
 
 AERE, Carbonated. 
 
 ^REOLUM, ^reolus, Chalcus. The sixth 
 part of an obolus by weight, consequently about 
 2 grains. 
 
 iE'RESIS, aipto-ij, 'the removal of any thing.' 
 A sufiSx denoting a removal or separation, as 
 Apharesis, Diceresis, &c. 
 
 AERGIA, Torpor. 
 
 AERIF'EROUS, Aerifer, (F.) Aerifere, from 
 aer, ' air,' and ferre, ' to carry.' An epithet for 
 tubes which convey air, as the larynx, trachea, 
 and bronchia. 
 
 AERIFLUX'US. The discharge of gas, and 
 the fetid emanations from the sick. Flatulence. 
 . — Sauvages. 
 
 AERODIAPH'THORA, from a^p, 'air,' and 
 iiacpOopa, 'corruption.' A corrupt state of the air. 
 
 AERO-ENTERECTASIA, Tympanites. 
 
 AEROL'OGY ; Aerolog"ia, Aerolog"ice, from 
 oTjp, ' air,' and \aYog, ' a description.' That part 
 of physics which treats of the air, its qualities, 
 uses, and action on the animal economy. 
 
 AER'OMANCY, Aeromanti'a, from anp, 'aii',' 
 and fiavTua, 'divination." An art in judicial as- 
 trology, which consists in the foretelling, by 
 means of the air, or substances found in the at- 
 mosphere. 
 
 AEROMELI, Fraxinus omus. 
 
 AitROPERITONIE, see Tympanites. 
 
 AEROPHOB'IA, from anp, 'air,' and (po^o;, 
 'fear.' Dread of the air. This symptom often 
 accompanies hydrophobia, and sometimes hyste- 
 Tia and other affections. 
 
 AEROPHOB'ICUS, Aeroph'ohns ; same ety- 
 mon. One affected with aerophobia. 
 
 AEROPHOBUS, Aerophobieus. 
 
 AEROPHTHORA, Aerodiaphthora. 
 
 AEROPLEURIE, Pneumothorax. 
 
 AEROSIS, Pneumatosis, Tympanites. 
 
 AEROTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
 .ffiRUCA, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 -SlRU'GIlSrOUS, ^rugino'aus, lo'des, from 
 jErugo, 'verdigris.' (F.) Erugineux. Resem- 
 bling verdigris in colour ; as the bile when dis- 
 charged at times from the stomach. 
 
 jERU'GO, JOS, from £Es, 'copper.' Therustof any 
 metal, properly of brass. See Cupri Subacetas. 
 
 JErugo Ferri, Ferri subcarbonas — 33. Plumbij 
 Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 jUS, Cuprum. 
 
 ^SCHOS, aicxo;. Deformity of the body ge- 
 nerally, or of some part. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ^S'CULUS HIPPOCAS'TANUM, from esca, 
 'food,' [?] Casta'nea equi'na, Pavi'na, Horse- 
 chestnut, Buck-eye. (F.) Marronier d'Inde. Nat. 
 Ord. Hippocastaneae. Sex. Syst. Heptandria Mo- 
 nogynia. The bark has been advised as a substi- 
 tute for cinchona. Both bark and fruit are as- 
 tringent. Externally, it has been employed, like 
 cinchona, in gangrene. 
 
 ^SECAVUM, Brass. 
 
 ESTATES, Ephelides. 
 
 ^STHE'MA, aiaQrjfia, gen. ataOrifiaTog, 'a sen- 
 sation, a perception.' See Sensation and Sensi- 
 bility. In the plural, cBsthe'mata, the apparatuses 
 of the senses. 
 
 ^STHEMATOL'OGY, ^sthematolog" ia ; 
 from aiadrijxa, and Xoyoj, 'a description.' The 
 doctrine of, or a treatise on, the senses, or on the 
 apparatus of the senses. 
 
 ^STHEMATONU'SI, ^stJiematorganonu'si, 
 from aiadriiia, and vovaoi, ' diseases.' Diseases 
 affecting sensation. 
 
 ^STHEMATORGANONUSI, ^sthemato- 
 nusi. 
 
 ^STHE'SIS, Aisthe'sis, from atdSavofiai, ' I 
 feel.' The faculty of being affected by a sensa- 
 tion. Perception. Sensibility, as well as the 
 senses themselves. See Sense. 
 
 iESTHETERION, Sensorium. 
 
 iESTHET'ICA, from aia^avopai, 'I feel.' Dis- 
 eases affecting the sensations. Dulness, depra- 
 vation or abolition of one or more of the external 
 organs of sense. The 2d order, class N'eurotica, 
 of Good. Also, agents that affect sensation. — 
 
 ^sflVUS, Estival. 
 
 ^STUARIUM, Stove. 
 
 J5STUATI0, Ardor, Ebullition, Fermentation. 
 
 ^STUS, Ardor. 
 
 ^STUS Volat'icus. Sudden heat, scorching 
 or flushing of the face. — Vogel. 
 
 ^TAS, Age — se. Bona, Adolescence — se. De- 
 crepita. Decrepitude — as. Mala, Senectus — £e. 
 Provecta, Senectus — se. Senilis, Senectus. 
 
 ^THER, Ether, from aiSrjp, 'air,' or from aiSw,. 
 'I burn.' Liquor cBthe' reus. A volatile liquor ob- 
 tained by distillation from a mixture of alcohol 
 and a concentrated acid. See Mih^r sulphuricus, 
 and Ether. 
 
 ^THER CHLORicrs, Chloroform ; Ether, chloric. 
 
 ^THER Htdrocyan'icus, JEther Pnta'sieue, 
 Hydrocyan'ic Ether, Hydrocy'anate of Eth'erine, 
 Oyan'uret of Eth'ide, (F.) Ether Hydrocyanique, 
 has been advised in hooping-cough, and where 
 the hydrocyanic acid is indicated. Dose, 6 drops. 
 
 JSther Lignostis, Acetone. 
 
 ^THER Martialis, Tinctura seu Alcohol sul- 
 furieo-sethereus ferri. 
 
 ^THER Muriat'icus, Iluriat'ic or Qhlorohy- 
 dric Ether, Mu'riate of Etherive, Chloride vf 
 Etliyle. This ether, on account of its volatility, 
 can only be kept in cool places. It has the pro- 
 perties of the other ethers, and when used, if 
 generally mixed with an equal bulk of alcohol. 
 It has been employed as an anajsthetic. A Ohio- 
 rinated Ghlorohydric Ether, (F.) Ether Chlor- 
 hydrique ehlore, formed by the action of Chlorine 
 on Chlorohydric Ether, has been introduced into 
 practice as a local ansesthetio. 
 
iBTHEEJIA HEPtBA 
 
 52 
 
 AFFEEENT 
 
 ^THER NiTBicTTS Alcoolisatus, Spiritus 
 aeitheris nitrici — ae. Pyro-aceticus, Acetone. 
 
 ^THKR Sulphu'ricus, ^. Vitriol' icus, Naph- 
 tha Vitrioli, Sul'phuric Ether. Ether prepared 
 from sulphuric ether and alcohol. 
 
 Rectified Ether, uSHther rectifica'tus, prepared 
 by distilling 12 oz. from a mixture of sulphuric 
 ether, f 5xir, fused potass, 3SS. and distilled 
 water, f 3ij, is a limpid, colourless, very inflam- 
 mable, volatile liquor ; of a penetrating and fra- 
 grant odour, and hot pungent taste. Its s. g. is 
 0.732. 
 
 ^ther Sulphuricus, Sulphuric Ether of the 
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States (1842), 
 JEther of that of 1851, is formed from alcohol, 
 Oiv ; sulphuric acid, Oj ; potassa, ^vj ; distilled 
 water, fjiij; distilling and redistilling according 
 to the process there laid down. The specific gra- 
 vity of this ether is 0.750. 
 
 It is a diSusible stimulant, narcotic and anti- 
 spasmodic, and is externally refrigerant. Dose, 
 gtt, XXX to f ^iss. When ether is inhaled, it is 
 found to be a valuable anaesthetic agent : and is 
 employed with advantage in spasmodic affections, 
 and in surgical operations. See Anaesthetic. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has an JEther ace'ticus, an 
 JEther muria'tieus seu hydrochlor' icus, an JEther 
 ni'tricus seu nitro'sus, and an ^ther phospho- 
 ra'tus. They all j)0ssess similar virtues. See 
 Anaesthetic. 
 
 ^THER StTLPHTJBicrs AciDTJS, Elixir acidum 
 Halleri — ae. Sulphuricus cum alcohole, Spiritus 
 setheris sulphurici — ae. Sulphuricus cum alcohole 
 aromaticus, Spu-itus aetheris aromaticus. 
 
 ^THER Terbbinthina' tus. Terebinth' inated 
 ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of 
 alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpentine, 
 with two pounds of concentrated nitric acid, and 
 distilling one-half the mixture with a gentle heat. 
 Employed externally and internally in biliary 
 calculi, rheumatism, &c. Dose 20 to 40 drops, 
 in honey or yolk of egg. 
 
 ^THEREA HERBA, Eryngium maritimum. 
 
 ^THE'REAL, Ethe'real, Ethe'reous, ^the'- 
 reus, (F.) EthSrSe. An ethereal tincture, (F.) 
 Teinture ^therie, is one formed by the action of 
 sulphuric ether, at the ordinary temperature, on 
 medicinal substances. An ethereal oil is a vola- 
 tile oil. See Olea Volatilia. 
 
 ^THERIZATIO, Etherization. 
 
 iETHERIZATUS, Etherized. 
 
 ^THE'RBO-OLEO'SA (Remedia), from 
 JEtheroleum, 'a. volatile oil.' Remedies, whose 
 properties are dependent upon the volatile oil 
 they contain. 
 
 iETHEROLEA, Olea volatilia. 
 
 ^THIOP'ICUS LAPIS, Ethiopian stone. A 
 stone formerly supposed to be possessed of con- 
 siderable virtue. — Oribasius. 
 
 ^THIOPIFICA'TIO, uEthiopopoe'sis, jEthi- 
 opis'mus, JEthiopio' sis, from JEthiops, And facere, 
 *to make.' The mummy-like colouring of the 
 skin, induced at times by the use of mercurial 
 wintraent; and seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic. 
 
 ^THIOPIOSIS, Jilthiopificatio. 
 
 ^THIOPIS, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 ^THIOPISMUS, ^thiopificatio. 
 
 ^THIOPOPOESIS, ^thiopificatio. 
 
 ^'THIOPS, from ai^u, 'I burn,' and ax^, 
 'countenance.' A black or burnt countenance. 
 Th« ancients gave this name to certain oxides 
 and sulphurets of metals, which wera of a black 
 colour. 
 
 Htkiops Albus, Albino — ae. Alcalisatus, Hy- 
 drargyrum cum creta — ae. Animal, see Choroid. 
 
 j^ilTniOPS Martia'liS: Fej-ri Leutox'ydum ni- 
 grum. The black deutoxide of iron : once in re- 
 I'Ute as a tonic. 
 
 ^THioPS MiNERALis, Hydtargyri sulphuretum 
 
 nigrum— ae. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
 nigrum — ae. per se, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum 
 — ae. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum saccharatum — > 
 £6. Vegetabilis, see Fueus vesiculosus. 
 
 ^THOL'ICES, from ai5a), 'I burn.' Fiery 
 pustules on the skin. Some have considered 
 them to have been hoils. 
 
 ^THUSA AMMI, Sison ammi. 
 
 JSthtj'sa Cyna'pium, Fool's Parsley, (F.) Faux 
 Persil, Petite Oigue. Family, Umbelliferee. Sex-. 
 Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A poisonous plant, 
 which has been mistaken for true parsley, pro- 
 ducing nausea, vomiting, headache, giddiness, 
 sopor, and at times, fatal results. It resembles 
 conium in its action, 
 
 ^THu'sA Meum, ileum, 31. Athaman'ticum, 
 seu Anethifo'lium, Athaman'ta Meum, Ligiis' ticum 
 Capilla'ceuni seu Meum, Ses'eli Meum, Meu, Spig- 
 nel, Baldmoney. (F.) Ethuse, Meum. The root has 
 been advised as carminative, stomachic, &c. 
 
 iETIOL'OGY, jEtiolog"ia, Etiol'ogy, Aitio- 
 log"ia,' from, airia, 'cause,' and \oyos, *a dis- 
 course.' The doctrine of the causes of disease. 
 
 ^TI'TES, from aero;, 'an eagle.' Eagle-stone, 
 Pierre d'Aigle, Hydrate de tritoxide defer. This 
 stone was formerly supposed to facilitate delivery, 
 if bound on the thigh ; and to prevent abortion, 
 if bound on the arm. It was also called Lapis 
 Collymus. 
 
 MTOl PHLEBES, Temporal veins, 
 
 ^TOLION, Cnidia grana. 
 
 AFFABISSEMENT, (F.) from/ac?e, 'insipid.' 
 That condition of the digestive function in which 
 the appetite is diminished, the sense of taste ' 
 blunted, and the action of the stomach enfeebled; 
 a state usually accompanied by general languor. 
 
 AFFAIBLISSE3IENT, Asthenia. 
 
 AFFAIRES, Menses. 
 
 AFFATSSE3IENT, Collapsus. 
 
 AFFECTIO, Affection— a. Arthritica Cordis, 
 Cardiagra — a. Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis 
 — a. Hysterica, Hysteria — a. Sarmatica, Plica— 
 a. Tympanitica, Tympanites. 
 
 AFFECTION, Affec'tio, from affido or affec 
 tare {ad and facere,) 'to move or influence.' 
 Any mode in which the mind or body is affected 
 or modified. 
 
 AFFECTION TYPHOlBE, see Typhus — 
 a. Vaporeuse, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 AFFECTIONES ANIMI, Affecfions of the 
 mind. . 
 
 AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND, Affec'tus seu 
 Passio'nes seu Affectio'nes seu Conquassatio'nes 
 seu Confusio'nes seu Turhatio'nes seu Perturha- 
 tio'nes an'imi, (F.) Affections de I'dme include not 
 only the different passions, as love, hatred, jea>- 
 lousy, Ac, but every condition of the mind that 
 is accompanied by an agreeable or disagreeable 
 feeling, as pleasure, fear, sorrow, &c. 
 
 In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'ma, is 
 synonymous with disease : thus we speak of a 
 pulmonary affection, a calculous affectian, <fec. 
 
 AFFECTIONS BE L'AME. Affections of 
 the mind. 
 
 AFFECTIVE. That which affects, touches, .to. 
 Gall gives the term affective faculties (F.) Facul- 
 tea affectives, to functions dependent upon the 
 organization of the brain, comprising the senti- 
 ments, affections, <fec. 
 
 AFFECTUS, Passion — a. Faucium pestilens, 
 Cyanche maligna — a. Hyderodes, Hydrops — a. 
 Spasmodico-convulsivus labiorum. Neuralgia fa- 
 ciei. 
 
 AF'FERENT, Af'ferens, Centrip'etal, Esod'ic, 
 from affero, (ad and /ero, 'to carry,') 'I bring.' 
 Conveying inwards, as from the periphery to the 
 centre. The vessels which convey the lymph to 
 the lymphatic glands, are called afferent. Also, 
 
AFFIOH 
 
 53 
 
 AGGLUTINANT 
 
 nerves that convey impressions towards the nerv- 
 ous centres — ncrvi sntobcBnon'tes. 
 
 AF'FION, Of'fium, O'pium. The Bantamese 
 thus designate an electuary of which opium is the 
 basis, and which they use as an excitant. 
 
 AFFLA'TUS, Adjia'fus, Epipnoi'a, from ad, 
 'to/ and flare 'to blow.' Any air that strikes 
 the body and produces disease. 
 
 AF'FLUENCE, Afflux, from affluere, (ad and 
 fliierc, *to flow,') 'to flow to.' A flow or deter- 
 mination of humours, and particularly of blood, 
 towards any part. 
 
 AFFLUXUS, Fluxion. 
 
 AFFUSIO, Afi'usion — a. Frigida, see Affusion 
 — a. Orbicularis, Placenta. 
 
 AFFU'SION, Affii'sio, Pros'chysis, Epich'ysis, 
 frofn ad, 'to,' And fundere, fusum, 'to pour.' The 
 action of pouring a liquid on any body. Affu- 
 ffions, Rhyptolu'sim, cold and warm, are used in 
 different diseases. The cold affusion, Affu'sio 
 seu Perfu'sio frig"ida, is said to have been bene- 
 ficial in cutting short typhus fever and scarlatina, 
 if used during the first days. It consists in pla- 
 cing the patient in a tub, and pouring cold water 
 over him ; then wiping him dry, and putting him 
 to bed. The only precaution necessary, is, to 
 use it in the state of greatest heat and exacerba- 
 tion ; not when chilliness, or topical inflamma- 
 tion, is present. 
 
 AFIUM, Opium. 
 
 AFTER-BIRTH, Secundines. 
 
 AFTER-PAINS, see Pains, labour. 
 
 AGACEMENT, (F.) from aKa(,av, 'to sharpen.' 
 The setting on edge. 
 
 AGACEMENT BBS DENTS. A disagree- 
 able sensation experienced when acids are placed 
 in contact with the teeth. Tooth edge. Setting 
 the teeth on edge. 
 
 AGAOEMENT BES NERFS. A slight ir- 
 ritation of the system, and particularly of the 
 organs of sense and locomotion, corresponding 
 nearly to the English Fidgets. 
 
 AGALACTATIO, Agalactia. 
 
 AGALACTIA, Agalax'ia, Agalac'tio, Agalae- 
 ta'tio, Befec'tus lac'tis, Oligoga'lia, OUgogalac'- 
 tia, from a, privative, and ya\a, 'milk.' Absence 
 of milk in the mammae. 
 
 AGALAXIA, Agalactia. 
 
 AGAL'LOCHUM, from ayaWoftai, 'to become 
 splendid,' Calambae, Oalamhouk, Lig'mtm AgaV- 
 lochi veri, Lig'num Al'o'es, L. AspaV athi, Xylo- 
 aloes, Aloes wood. A resinous and very aromatic 
 wood of the East Indies, from Excaca'ria AgaV- 
 locha, Oynometra Agal'lochum, Aloex'ylon AgaV- 
 lochwn. Used in making pastils, &c. — Diosco- 
 rides, Oribasius, Paulus. 
 
 AGAMOUS, see Cryptogamous. 
 
 AG'ARIC, Agar'icum. A genus of plants in 
 the Linnsean system, some of which are edible, 
 others poisonous. It was so called from Agaria, 
 a region of Sarmatia. — Dioscorides. Among the 
 edible varieties of the Boletus, the following are 
 the chief. 1. The Agar'icus edu'lis seu Arven'sis 
 seu Sylvat'icus seu Campes'tris, (F.) Agaric comes- 
 tible et champignon de couche. 2. The Agar'icus 
 odora'tus, (F.) Mousseron. The most common 
 poisonous varieties are the Agar'icus neea'tor, 
 (F.) Agaric meurtrier: and 2. The Agaricus 
 acris, (F.) Agaric acre; besides the Auranite, a 
 sub-genus, which includes several species. One 
 of the most delicate is the Agaricus Aurantiacus, 
 but care must be taken not to confound it with 
 the A. Pseudo-aurantiacus, which is very poi- 
 sonous. The A. aurantiacus is called, in French, 
 Oronge. See Poisons, Table of. 
 
 Agabic, see Boletus igniarius — a. Blanc, Bo- 
 letus laricis — a. de Chene, Boletus igniarius — a. 
 Female, Boletus igniarius — a. of the Oak, Bole- 
 
 tus igniarius — a. Odorant, DsedaleasuaTeolens— 
 a. White, Boletus laricis. 
 
 AGARICUM, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius — a. Albus, Bo- 
 letus laricis — a. Arvensis, see Agaric — a. Auran- 
 tiacus, Amanitas, Bolites — a. Auricuteforma, 
 Peziza auricula — a. Campestris, see Agaric — a. 
 Chirurgorum, Boletus igniarius — a. Igniarius, 
 Boletus igniarius — a. Laricis, Boletus laricis — 
 a. Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanitas — a. Quercfis, 
 Boletus igniarius — a. Sylvaticus, see Agaric. 
 
 AGASYLLIS GALBANUM, Bubon galbanum. 
 
 AGATHIS DAMARRA, Pinus damarra. 
 
 AGATHOSMA CRENATUM, Diosma cre- 
 nata. 
 
 AGATHOTES CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chi- 
 rayita. _ 
 
 AGA'VE AMEUICA'NA, A. Ramo'sa, Ameri- 
 can Agave, American aloe, Maguey, from ayavos, 
 'admirable.' Nat. Ord. Bromeliaceae. Sex. Syet. 
 Hexandria Monogynia. This plant has been 
 considered diuretic and antisyphilitic. The fa- 
 vourite drink of the Mexicans — Pulque — is the 
 fermented juice of this plant. 
 
 Agave Ramosa, A. Americana. 
 
 Agave Virgin'ica, Rattlesnake's master : — 
 grows in the Southern States. The root is very 
 bitter. It has been used in tincture as a carmina- 
 tive in colic ; and as a remedy for bites of ser- 
 pents. 
 
 AGE, 'rjXiKia, Heli'Ma, JEtas ; — Of uncertain 
 etymon. Period of life. Time that has elapsed 
 since birth, &c. Five ages are often designated 
 in the life of man. 1. First infancy {Infan'tia;) 
 2. Second infancy (Pueri"tia;) 3. Adolescence 
 (Adolescen'tia:) 4. The adult age {Viril'itas:) 
 5. Old age {Senec'tus.) 
 
 A6ENEI0S, Imberbis. 
 
 AGEN'ESIS, from a, privative, and ytvtan, 
 'generation.' Imperfect development of any part 
 of the body; as cerebral agenesis, i. e. imperfect 
 development of the brain in the foetus. 
 
 AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas. 
 
 AGENNESIS, Impotence. 
 
 AGENOSO'MUS; from a, privative, ytwau, 
 'I generate,' and aw^a, 'body.' A malformation 
 in which the fissure and eventration are chiefly 
 in the lower part of the abdomen ,• the urinary 
 or sexual apparatus absent or very rudimentary. 
 
 AGENT, Agens, from agere, 'to act.' Any 
 power which produces, or tends to produce an 
 eflFect on the human body. Morbific agents, (F.) 
 Agens morbiflqiies, are the causes of disease; — 
 therapeutical agents, (F.) Agens therapeutiques^ 
 the means of treating it. 
 
 AGER NATURiE, Uterus. 
 
 AGERA'SIA, Insenescen'tia, from a, privative, 
 and ynpa;, 'old age.' A vigorous and green old 
 age. 
 
 AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum. 
 
 AGE'RATUS LAPIS. A stone used by cob- 
 blers to polish shoes. It was formerly esteemed 
 discutient and astringent. — Galen, Oribasius, 
 Paulus. 
 
 AGES, Palm. 
 
 AGEUSIA, Ageustia. 
 
 AGEUS'TIA, Agheus'tia, Ageu'sia, Apogeua'- 
 tia, Apogeu' sis, Byaasthe'sia gustato'ria, Para- 
 geu'sis, from a, priv., and ytvan, 'taste.' Dimi- 
 nution or loss of taste, Ancesthe'sia lingucB. Sau- 
 vages, Cullen. 
 
 AGGLOM'ERATE, Agglomera'tus, from ag- 
 glom,erare {ad and glomerare, 'to wind up yarn 
 in a ball,') 'to collect together.' Applied to tu- 
 mours or glands in aggregation. 
 
 AGGLU'TINANT, Agglu'tinans, Collet'tcme, 
 Glu'tinans, from gluten, 'glue' (F.) Agglutinaut, 
 Agglutinatif, Glutinatif. Remedies were for- 
 
TO AGGLUTINATE 
 
 54 
 
 AGRTPNODES 
 
 tnerly so called, which were considered capable 
 of uniting divided parts. — Paulus. 
 
 Plasters are called agglutinants, (P.) aggluti- 
 natifs, which adhere strongly to the skin. Cer- 
 tain bandages are likewise so termed. (P.) Ban- 
 delettes aqglutinatives. 
 
 TO AGGLU'TINATE. The French use the 
 word agglutiner, in the sense of 'to reunite;' as 
 agijlutiiier les levrea d'une plaie, 'to reunite the 
 lips of a wound.' 
 
 AGGLUTINATIF, Agglutinant. 
 
 AGGLUTINATIO, Coition. 
 
 AGGLUTINA'TION, CoUe'sia, Upteolle'sia, 
 Proscolle'sia, Glutina'tio, from agglutinare, 'to 
 glue together.' The first degree of adhesion. 
 Also, the action of agglutinants. 
 
 AGGLUTINER, To agglutinate. 
 
 AG'GREGATE, Aggrega'tua, from aggregare, 
 {ad and gregare,) 'to flock together,' 'to assemble 
 together.' Glands are called aggregate which 
 are in clusters. See Peyeri Glandulae. Aggre- 
 gate pi7Zs, (P.) Pilulea agregatives, signified, 
 formerly, those which were believed to contain 
 the properties of a considerable number of medi- 
 cines^ and to be able to supply their place. 
 
 AGHEUSTIA, Ageustaa. 
 
 AGHOUL, Agul. 
 
 AGIAHA'LID or AGIHA'LID or AGRA- 
 HA'LID. An Egyptian and Ethiopian shrub, 
 similar to Ximenia. The Ethiopians use it as a 
 vermifuge. The fruit is purgative. 
 
 AGIHALID, Agiahalid. 
 
 AGISSANT, Active. 
 
 AGITATION, Agita'tio, Done'aia ; from agere, 
 'to act.' Constant and fatiguing motion of the 
 body, Tyrhe, Tyrha'aia, In'quiea, — or distressing 
 mental inquietude, — An'imi Agita'tio. 
 
 AGITATORIUS, Convul'sive. 
 
 AGLOS'SIA, from a, privative, and y'Xiatrca, 
 ' the tongue.' A malformation, which consists in 
 the want of a tongue. 
 
 AGLOSSOS'TOMA, from Aglossia, and aroiia, 
 ' mouth.' A mouth without a tongue. 
 
 AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY, Aglossoatomo- 
 gra'pMa, from a, priv., yXoxrcra, 'the tongue,' 
 cTOfia, 'the mouth,' and ypaipii), 'I describe.' 
 Description of a mouth without a tongue. — Ro- 
 land (of Saumur). 
 
 AGLUTI'TION, Agluti'tio, from a, priv., and 
 glutire, ' to swallow.' A hybrid term, designat- 
 ing impossibility of swallowing. — Linnaeus. 
 
 AGMA, Fracture. 
 
 AGMATOLOG"IA, from ayfia, fracture, and 
 "yoyog, ' a description.' The doctrine of fractures. 
 A treatise on fractures. 
 
 AGME, Fracture. 
 
 AGMINA DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges 
 of the fingers. — a. Membrana, Amnios. 
 
 AGMINATED GLANDS, Peyer's glands. 
 
 AGNA'THIA, from a, priv., and yvados, 'jaw.' 
 A malformation, which consists in the want of 
 the jaw, especially of the lower. 
 
 AGNINA MEJIBRANA, Amnios. 
 
 AGNOI'A, Agnae'a from a, priv., and yivoo-fcu, 
 ' I know.' State of a patient who does not recog- 
 nise individuals. — Hippocrates, Galen, Foesius. 
 AGNUS_ CASTUS, Vite.T. 
 AGO'GE, ay-yr}. The order or condition of a 
 Jisease. — Hippoc, Galen. Likewise the state of 
 the air. — Hippoc, Galen, Gorrseus, Foesius. 
 
 .AGOGUE, ayoiyog, a leader,' from ayio, 'I lead 
 or expel.' Hence Gholagogue, an expeller of 
 bile : Hydrngogue, <fec. 
 
 AGOMPHI'ASIS, Agompho'eia, from a, priva- 
 tive, and yofiij)oii}, 'I nail.' Looseness of the 
 leeth. — GoTasus. See Gomphiasis. 
 AGOMPHOSIS, .A gomphiasis. 
 AGON, Agonj. 
 
 AGONE, Hyoscyamus. 
 AGONIA, Sterilitas. 
 AGONISMA, Agony. 
 AGONISMUS, Agony. 
 
 AGONIS'TICA, from ayi,iv, 'a combat.' The 
 part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference 
 to the combats of the Athletaj. 
 
 Also, very cold water, given internally, to calm 
 febrile heat. — Paulus of ^gina. 
 AGONIZANS, Psychorages. 
 AGONOS, Sterile. 
 
 AG'ONY, Agon'ia, Agon, Agonia'ma, Agonia'- 
 mus, Jloehthus, Mogua, Paychorag" ia, Psychor- 
 rhag"ia, Angor, from aywv, 'a combat.' The 
 last struggle of life. — Galen, Gorrseus, &o. The 
 agony, which is of longer or shorter duration, is 
 characterized by great change in the features, 
 gradual abolition of sensation and motion, loss 
 of voice, dryness or lividity of the tongue and 
 lips, rattling in the throat, small and intermit- 
 tent pulse, and coldness of the extremities. 
 This state is not present in those who die sud- 
 denly. See Facies Hippocratioa. 
 
 AGOS'TUS, from ayui, ' I lead.' The fore arm 
 from the elbow to the fingers. Also, the palm 
 of the hand. — Gorrseus. See Palm. 
 
 AGRA, aypa, from aypeii>, 'I seize hold of.' A 
 seizure, as Odontagra, a tooth seizure, toothache ; 
 Ohiragra, Podagra, &c. 
 
 AGRAFE BE VALENTIN. A kind of for- 
 ceps with parallel branches, employed by Valen- 
 tin in the operation for hare lip, to effect the ap- 
 proximation of the edges of the wound. 
 
 AGRAHALID, Agiahalid. 
 
 AGREGATIVES PILULES. See Aggre- 
 gate. 
 
 AGRIA, Herpes exedens. 
 
 AGRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba. 
 
 AGRICOCCIMELEA, Pruuus Spinosa. 
 
 AGRIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium. 
 
 AGRIMONIA, Agrimony — a. Eupatoria, 
 Agrimony — a. Odorata, Agrimony — a. Officina- 
 lis, Agrimony. 
 
 AG'RIMONY, Agrimo'nia, A. Eupato'ria seu 
 odora'ta seu officina'lia, Caf'al, Lap'pida hepat'- 
 iea. Cockle-bur, Stichwort. (F.) Aigremoine. Nat. 
 Ord. Rosacese. Sex. Syat. Icosandria Digynia. 
 A mild astringent and stomachic. Doae, in 
 powder, from ^j to ^j- 
 
 Agrimony, Hemp, Eupatorium cannabinum. 
 
 AGRIOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocastanum, 
 Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 AGRIOCINARA, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 AGRIORIGANUM, Origanum majorana. 
 
 AGRIOSELINUM, Smyrnum olusatrum. 
 
 AGRIOTHYM'IA, from aypioj, 'ferocious,' and 
 •3-uf(os, 'disposition.' Ferocious insanity. — Sau- 
 vages. 
 
 AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leonurus cardiaca, 
 
 AGRIP'PA, jEgrip'pa, from csger p)artua, 'dif- 
 ficult birth :' or perhaps from aypo, ' taking, or 
 seizure,' and -rovg, ' the foot.' This term has 
 been given to those born by the feet. It is pre- 
 tended that the family of Agrippa obtained their 
 name from this circumstance. Parturition, where 
 the feet present, is called AgripipcB partua, Agrip- 
 pi'nua partua. 
 
 AGRIPPINUS PARTUS, see Agrippa. 
 
 AGRO DI CEDRO, see Citrus medica. 
 
 AGROPYRUM L^VISSIMUM, Triticum re- 
 pens. 
 
 AGROSTIS, Bryonia alba. 
 
 AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa. 
 
 AGRYPNIA, Insomnia. 
 
 AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vigil. 
 
 AGRYPNO'DES, from ayprvof, 'sleepless.' 
 Characterized by sleeplessness, as Fehria Agry. 
 jpnodee, a fever accompanied with sleeplessness. 
 
AGRTPNOTICUS 
 
 55 
 
 AITION 
 
 AGRYPNOTICUS, Anthypnotic. 
 
 AG-RYP'NUS, aypvTTvos. Sleepless ; vigilant. 
 
 AGUA BE VEEUGA, see Yarugas. 
 
 AGUARDIENTE, Brandy. See also Spirit. 
 — a. de Italia, see Spirit. 
 
 A'GUE, from Gothic, agis, 'trembling.' (?) In- 
 termittent fever. 
 
 Ague and Fever, Intermittent fever. 
 
 Agtje Cake, Placen'ta fehri'lis, Physco'nia 
 eple'nicum, P . splenica, Splenia Tumor; (F.) Ga- 
 teau febrile. A visceral obstruction — generally 
 in the spleen — which follows agues, and is dis- 
 tinctly felt by external examination. To a 
 greater or less degree, it is not uncommon. 
 
 Ague, Dead, see Fever, masked. Ague drop, 
 tasteless. Liquor arsenicalis — a. Dumb, see Fever, 
 masked — a. Free, Laurus sassafras — a. Leaping, 
 see Leaping ague — a. Quartan, Quartan — a. Ter- 
 tian, Tertian fever — a. Weed, Eupatorium perfo- 
 liatum. 
 
 AGUL, AgTtoul, Alha'gi, the Hedisa'riim seu 
 Hedysa'rum alhagi. A thorny shrub of Persia 
 and Mesopotamia, which affords manna. The 
 leaves are purgative. 
 
 AGY'ION, from a, priv., and yviov, 'limb.' 
 Mutilated or wanting limbs. — Hippocr. Weak, 
 feeble. — Galen. 
 
 AGYR'IAS, from ayvpn, 'a collection.' Opa- 
 city of the crystalline. — Aetius, Pare. 
 
 AGYRTA, from ayvpis, ' a crowd.' Formerly, 
 a stroller who pretended to supernatural powers. 
 Subsequently, a quack or illiterate pretender. 
 See Charlatan. 
 
 AGYRTIA, Charlatanry. 
 
 AHO'RA, from a, privative, and 'upa, 'youth.' 
 Tardy development of the organs : — the opposite 
 to Hyperho'ra. 
 
 AHOUAI, Thevetia ahouai. 
 
 AHUSAL, Orpiment. 
 
 AHYPNIA, Insomnia. 
 
 AIDE, (F.) Ad'jutor min'ister. An assistant 
 to a surgeon in his operations. 
 
 AIDOROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 AIERSA, Iris Germanica. 
 
 AIGE, ^gias. 
 
 AIGLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near 
 the city of this name, in Normandy, is the cha- 
 lybeate spring of Saint Xantin, much used in 
 the 16th and 17th centuries. 
 
 AIGLE, Mgias. 
 
 AIGRE, Acidulous — a. Voix. See Acid, 
 
 AIGRELET, Acidulous. 
 
 AIGRETTE, see Typha latifolia. 
 
 AIGREMOINE, Agrimony. 
 
 AIGRE URS, Acidities. 
 
 AIGU, Acute. 
 
 AIGUILLE, Needle — a. & Acupuncture, see 
 Needle — a, d Appareil, see Needle — a. d Bee de 
 Lievre, see Needle — a. d Cataracte, see Needle — 
 a. de Beschamps, see Needle — a. Engainee, see 
 Needle — a. d Fistule, see Needle — a. d. Gaine, 
 see Needle— a. d Ligature, see Needle — a. d 
 Manche, see Needle — a. d Seton, see Needle — a. 
 d Suture, see Needle. 
 
 AIGUILLON, (F.) Spina Helmon'tii. A 
 term used since the time of Van Helmont to de- 
 signate the proximate cause of inflammation. 
 According to him, an inflamed part is in the 
 same condition as if an aiguillon or thorn were 
 thrust into it. 
 
 AIGUISER, to Acidulate. 
 
 AIL, Allium. 
 
 AILE, Ala, Aileron. 
 
 AILERON, (F.) Extre'ma Ala seu Pin'nula, 
 diminutive of (F.) Aile, a wing. The extremity 
 of the wing of a bird, to which the great feathers 
 are attached. 
 
 AILERONS BE LA MA TRICE. Three 
 folds at the base of the broad ligaments of tho 
 uterus, which are occupied by the ovary and its 
 ligament, the Fallopian tube, and the round liga- 
 ment. 
 
 AIMA, 'aijia, see Hsema. 
 
 AIM ANT, Magnet. 
 
 AIMATERA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 
 AIMORRHCEA, Heemorrhagia. 
 
 AIMORRHOIS, Hagmorrhois. 
 
 AINE, Inguen. 
 
 AIPATHIA, Continent disease. 
 
 AIPI, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 AIPIMA COXERA, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 AIPIPOCA, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 AIR, Aer, Pneuma, from aw, 'I breathe.' 
 Oommon Air, Atmospheric air (F.) Air atmosplie- 
 rique, is an invisible, transparent, inodorous, in- 
 sipid, ponderable, compressible, and elastic fluid, 
 which, under the form of the atmosphere, sur- 
 rounds the earth to the height of 15 or 16 
 leagues. 
 
 Air is essentially composed of two gases, oxy- 
 gen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 20 of the 
 former to 80 of the latter. Oxygen is the vital 
 portion, but the nitrogen is necessary to dilute it. 
 Air also contains a small portion of carbonic acid 
 gas, and has always floating in it aqueous va- 
 pour, difi'erent terrestrial emanations, &c. Its 
 effects upon the human body vary according to 
 its greater or less density, temperature, moisture, 
 (fee. ; hence, change of air is found extremely 
 serviceable in the prevention and cure of certain 
 morbid conditions. See Climate and Respira- 
 tion. 
 
 AIR ACIBE riTRIOLIQUE, Sulphurous 
 acid — a. Alcalin, Ammonia — a. Atmospheriqve, 
 Air. 
 
 Air Bladder, Swim-bladder, Swimming Mad- 
 der ; (F.) Vessie natatoire. An abdominal organ 
 in many fishes, sometimes communicating by 
 means of a duct with the alimentary canal, at 
 others, not, which is considered by some to be- 
 long to the respiratory system. Its contents are 
 the elements of atmospheric air, but in different 
 proportions ; and its chief and general function 
 appears to be to regulate the specific gravity of 
 the fish. 
 
 Air Cells of the Lungs, Bronchial cells; see 
 Cellule — a. Chamber, Folliculus aeris — a. Dephlo- 
 gisticated, Oxygen— a. Empyreal, Oxygen — a. du 
 Feu, Oxygen — a. Factitious, Carbonic acid — a. 
 Fixed, Carbonic acid — a. Gate, Azote — a. Inflam- 
 mable, Hydrogen, Hydrogen carburetted. 
 
 Air Passages, (F.) Voies aeriennea, V. aeii- 
 feres. The larynx, trachea, bronchia, &c. 
 
 Air, Pure, Oxygen — a. Solid, of Hales, Cai- 
 bonic acid — a. Vide, Azote — a. Vital, Oxygen. 
 
 AIRAIN, Bell-metal, Brass. 
 
 AIRE, Areola. 
 
 AIRELLE ANGULEUSE, Vaccinium myr- 
 tillus — a. Ponctuee, Vaccinium vitis idsea. 
 
 AIRIGNE, Hook. 
 
 AIRTHREY, MINERAL WATERS OjC'. 
 Airthrey is situate about two miles north of 
 Stirling, Scotland. The waters are saline ca- 
 thartics ; containing chloride of sodium, chlorida 
 of calcium, sulphate of zinc, and chloride of mag- 
 nesium. 
 
 AISSELLE, Axilla. 
 
 AISTHESIS, ^sthesis. 
 
 AITHOMO'MA, from aiSos, 'black.' A black 
 condition of all the humours of the eye. A. 
 Pare. 
 
 AITIA, Cause. 
 
 AITIOLOGY, ^tiologia, 
 
 AITION, Cause. 
 
AIX-LA-CHAPELLB 
 
 56 
 
 ALBUM CANIS 
 
 AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Called by the Germans, Aachen. A ther- 
 mal, sulphureous, mineral water, which contains, 
 in 1000 grammes, 28.54 cubic inches of sulpho- 
 hydric acid gas, 18.05 cubic inches of carbonic 
 acid gas, 0.1304 grammes of carbonate of lime, 
 O.OMO grammes of carbonate of magnesia, 0.5444 
 grammes of carbonate of soda, 2.3697 grammes 
 of chloride of sodium, 0.2637 of sulphate of soda, 
 and 0.0705 of silica. The temperature is 134° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 The factitious water of Aix-la-Ghapelle, A'qua 
 Aquisgranen'ais, (F.) Eau d' Aix-la-Ghapelle, is 
 made by adding pure water f ^xvijss, to hydro- 
 eulphuretted water t^iv., carbonate of soda gr. 
 XX, chloride of sodium gr. ix. — Ph. P. 
 
 There are thermal sulphureous springs at Aix 
 in Savoy (9S°), and some thermal springs at Aix 
 in Provence (91°). 
 
 AIZOON, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 A'JUGA, A. pyramida'lis, Consol'ida me'dia, 
 Bu'gula, JB. piyramida'lis, Teu' crium pyramida'le, 
 Upright Bugloss, Middle Conaound. (F.) Bugle 
 pyramidale. This plant is Bubastringent and 
 bitter. 
 
 Ajuga Cham^epitts, Teucrium chamsepitys. 
 
 Ajuga PlEPTANs, Bu'gula, B. reptans. Common 
 Bugle, (F.) Bugle rampante, has similar proper- 
 ties. 
 
 AKATALIS, Juniperus communis. 
 
 AKATERA, Juniperus communis. 
 
 AKLt^ESIA, Acinesia. 
 
 AKOLOGT, Materia Medica. 
 
 AKRATOPEG^, Acratopegse. 
 
 ALA, Pinna, Pteryx, 'a wing.' (F.) Aile. 
 A term often used by anatomists for parts which 
 project like a wing from the median line ; as the 
 Al(B nasi. Aim of the uterus, &c. See Axilla and 
 Pavilion of the Ear. Also, Pterygium. 
 
 Ala Exteema, see Aileron. 
 
 ALABAS'TER, Alabas'trum. (F.) Alhdtre, 
 Alahastri'tes. A variety of compact gypsum; 
 of which an ointment was once made ; — the un- 
 guen'tum alahastri' nurn ; used as a discutient. 
 Alabaster likewise entered into several denti- 
 
 ALABASTRITES, Alabaster. 
 
 ALiE INTERNA MINORES CLITORIDIS, 
 Nymphse — a. Majores, Labia pudendi— a. Mino- 
 res, ISTymphse — a. Muliebres minores, Nymphse — 
 a. Nasi, see Nasus — a. Pudendi Muliebris, Labia 
 pudendi — a. Pulmonum, see Pulmo — a. of the 
 Uterus, see Ala — a. Vespertilionis, see Uterus. 
 
 ALAITER, from (F.) lait, 'milk.' To suckle. 
 
 ALALIA, Mutitas. 
 
 ALAMBIC, Alembic. 
 
 ALANFU'TA. A name given by the Arabians 
 to a vein, situate between the chin and lower lip, 
 which they were in the habit of opening in cases 
 of foetor of the breath. — Avicenna. 
 
 ALAQUE'CA. The Hindoostanee name of a 
 stone, found in small, polished fragments, which 
 is considered efficacious in arresting hemorrhage 
 when applied externally. It is a sulphuret of 
 iron. 
 
 ALARES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles. 
 
 Ala'res VeNjE. The superficial veins at the 
 fold of the arm. 
 
 ALA.'RIA OSSA, The wing-like processes of 
 the sphenoid bone. 
 
 ALA'RIS, Ala' tits, Alifoi-m'is; from ala, 'a 
 vring.' "Wing-shaped ; winged. 
 
 ALATERNUS, COMMON, Rhamnus ala- 
 tcmus — a. Latifolius, Rhamnus alaternus. 
 
 ALA'TUS. Pterygo'des, Homo ala'tus. One 
 whose scapulfe project backwards like wings. 
 
 ALBAP'ARAN, Alduharan. The sesamoid 
 bc-ne of the metatarso-phalangal joint of the 
 
 great toe. The Rabbis and Magicians attributed 
 extraordinary virtues to it. — Arabians. 
 ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum. 
 ALBAMENTUM, Albumen ovi. 
 ALBAN, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A French acidulous chalybeate, in the department 
 of the Loire. 
 
 ALBARAS ALBA, Lepra alphoides — a. Nigra, 
 Lepra nigricans. 
 ALBARiES, Lepra alphoides. 
 ALBAROS, Lepra alphoides. 
 ALBA TEE, Alabaster. 
 ALBEDO. UNGUIUM, see NaU. 
 ALB IN D'<EUF, Albumen ovL 
 ALBINISM, see Albino. 
 ALBINISMUS, see Albino. 
 ALBI'NO 'White.' Leuea'tMops, JSthiops 
 albus, Dondo, from albus, 'white.' (F.) Blafard, 
 Negre-blanc. A Spanish word applied to indivi- 
 duals of the human race who have the skin and 
 hair white ; the iris very pale, bordering on red ; 
 and the eyes so sensible, that they cannot bear 
 the light of day. This condition, which has been 
 called LeuccBthio'pia, Alpho'ais JEthiop'ica, Albi- 
 no'is'mus, Albinia'mus, Al'binism, Leucopathi' a, is 
 seen more frequently in the Negro. Both sexes 
 are exposed to it. It does not seem to be true, 
 that there are tribes of Albinos in the interior of 
 Africa. 
 
 ALBINOISMUS, see Albino. 
 ALB OR OVI, Albumen ovi. 
 AL'BORA. A kind of itch or complicated 
 leprosy. — Paracelsus. 
 ALBOT, Crucible. 
 ALBOTIM, Terebinthina. 
 ALBUGIN'EA, Tu'nica alhugin'ea, A. Testis, 
 Perites'tis, JDura mater testis, Membra'na capsula'- 
 ris testis. (F.) Albiiginee, Tunique albuginee. A 
 strong, fibrous, and resisting membrane, which 
 immediately envelopes the testicle, and has, at 
 its upper part, an enlargement, called corpus 
 Highmorianum. From its inner surface it sends 
 off a number of flat, filiform prolongations or 
 septa, between which are contained the semi- 
 niferous vessels. Externally it is covered by the 
 tunica vaginalis testis. 
 
 ALBUOINEE, Albuginea, Albugineous. 
 ALBUGIN'EOUS, Albugin' etis, 'white,' from 
 albus, (F.) Albuginee. A term applied to tex- 
 tures, humours, &c., which are perfectly white. 
 
 Albttgin'eocs Fibre, (F.) Fibre albuginee. A 
 name given by Chaussier to what he considers 
 one of the four elementary fibres. 
 
 The albugineous fibre is linear, cylindrical, 
 tenacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of a 
 shining, satiny appearance. It forms fasciae or 
 fasciculi, which constitute the tendons, articular 
 ligaments, and aponeuroses ; hence the name 
 Albugineous membranes, given by Chaussier to 
 the fibrous membranes. 
 
 Gautbier considered, that the rete mucosura 
 consists of four layers, to two of which he gives 
 the names membra'na albugin'ea profun'da and 
 membra'na albugin'ea superji<:ia'lis, respectively. 
 ALBUGINI'TIS, (F.) Albuginite. A term 
 emploj'ed by some authors for inflammation of 
 the albugineous tissue. Thus, gout and rheu- 
 matism are regarded as species of the genua 
 albuginitis. 
 
 ALBUGO OCULORUM, Leucoma— a. Ovi, 
 Albumen ovi. 
 
 ALBULA, Leucoma. 
 
 ALBUM CANIS, Album grsecuia — a. Ceti, 
 Cetaeeum. 
 
 Album Gr^Cfm, Oynoc'oprus, Spo'divm GrcB- 
 co'rum, Album Oanis, Stercus Cani'mim Album. 
 The white dung of the dog. It consists almost 
 
ALBUMEN 
 
 57 
 
 ALCOHOL 
 
 wholly oi phosphate of lim^, from the hones used 
 as food. It was formerly applied as a discutient 
 to the inside of the throat in quinsies, but is 
 now justly banished from practice. 
 
 Album Nigrum. The excrement of the mouse. 
 
 Album Oculi, see Sclerotic. 
 
 Album Rhazis. A white ointment made of 
 cerusse and lard, prescribed by the Arabian phy- 
 sician Rhazes. 
 
 ALBU'ME^N', Leuco'ma, Ooni'ne, Ozemiin, from 
 alius, 'white.' (F.) Albumine. An immediate 
 principle of animals and vegetables, which con- 
 stitutes the chief part of the white of egg. It is 
 found in the serum, chyle, synovia, serous fluids, 
 <fcc. There is not much difference in chemical 
 composition between animal and vegetable albu- 
 men, fibrin and casein : fibrin alone appears, how- 
 ever, to be possessed of plastic properties. Also, 
 the white of the eye. See Sclerotic. 
 
 Albu'men Ovi, Alhu'mor, Alhu'go Ovi, Alhor 
 Ovi, Can'didmn Ovi, Alhu'men, Olare'ta, Ovi 
 albus liquor, Albumen' turn, Lac avis or white of 
 egg, (F.) Blanc d'oeuf, (Old F.) Albin d'oeuf, is 
 used in pharmacy for suspending oils, Ac, in 
 water. See Ovum. 
 
 ALBUMINE, Albumen, 
 
 ALBUMINU'RIA. A hybrid term from 'Albu- 
 men,' and ovpov, 'the urine.' A condition of the 
 urine in which it contains albumen, the presence 
 of which is indicated by its coagulation on the 
 application of adequate heat. 
 . ALBUMINURORRHEE, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the. 
 
 ALBUMOR, Albumen ovi. 
 
 AL'CAEST, Al'cahest, Al'chaest, perhaps from 
 (G.) all, 'all,' and geist, 'spirit.' A word in- 
 vented by Paracelsus to designate a liquor, which, 
 according to him, was capable of removing every 
 kind of swelling. 
 
 The same word was used by Van Helmont for 
 a fancied universal solvent, capable of reducing 
 every body to its elements. 
 
 Alcaest of Glauber is a thick liquor ob- 
 tained by detonating nitrate of potassa on hot 
 coals, which transforms it into subcarbonate of 
 potassa. 
 
 Alcaest of Respour is a mixture of potassa 
 and oxyd of zinc. 
 
 ALCAHEST, Alcaest 
 
 ALCAHOL, Alcohol. 
 
 ALCALES'CENCE, AUcales'cence, Alcalescen'- 
 tia. The condition in which a fluid becomes 
 alkaline. 
 
 Alcalescence of the Humours was an old 
 notion of the humourists. It can only occur 
 during the putrid fermentation of animal mat- 
 ters, which contain azote, and produce ammonia. 
 Alcalin'ity is the quality of being alealine. 
 
 AL'CALI or Alea'li, Al'kali, from al [Arab.,) 
 ' the,' and kali, the name of the Salso'la Soda, 
 a plant which contains a large quantity of one 
 of the principal alkalis — soda. The alkalis are 
 substances soluble in water, possessing generally 
 a urinous, acrid, and caustic taste, turning the 
 gyrup of violets green, and restoring to blue in- 
 fusion of litmus, which has been reddened by 
 acids; reddening the yellow of turmeric, and 
 having, the greatest tendency to unite with acids, 
 whose character they modify, and form salts with 
 them. In medicine we understand by this term 
 Potassa, Soda, or Ammonia. 
 
 Alcali, 'Caustic, Al'kali Oaus'ticum. A pure 
 alkali. Om deprived of its carbonic acid. 
 
 Alcalis, i'*iXED, Soda and potassa; Volatile 
 Alcali, Ammonia. 
 
 Alcali Ammoniacum Acetatum, Liquor am- 
 monise acetatis — -a. Ammoniacum fluidum. Liquor 
 ammonhje — a^ Fixum tartaxizatum, Potassae tar- 
 
 tras — a. Minerals sulphuricum. Soda, sulphate 
 of — a. Tartari aceto saturatum, Potassse acetas — 
 a. Vegetabile salito dephlogisticatum, PotassJB 
 murias hyperoxygenatus — a. Vegetabile tartari- 
 zatum, PotassEe tartras — a. Vegetabile vitriola- 
 tum, Potassse sulphas — a. Volatile acetatum. Li- 
 quor ammoniee acetatis — a. Volatile aeratum, 
 Ammonise carbonas — a. Volatile ex sale ammo- 
 niaco, Ammoniije carbonas. 
 
 ALCALIGENE, Azote. , 
 
 ALCALINITY. See Alkalescence. 
 
 ALCANA, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 ALCANNA MAJOR LATIFOLIA DENTA- 
 TA, Prinos — a. Orientalis, Lawsonia inermis — a. 
 Spuria, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Vera, Lawsoniai 
 inermis. 
 
 ALCEA, Hibiscus abelmoschus — a. ^gyptiaca, 
 Hibiscus abelmoschus — a. Indica, Hibiscus abel- 
 moschus. 
 
 Alce'a Ro'sea, Common hollyhock. Emollient, 
 like Althoea. 
 
 ALCHACHENGE, Physalis. 
 
 ALCHACHIL, Rosmarinus. 
 
 ALCHAEST, Alcahest. 
 
 ALCHEMIL'LA, said to have been celebrated 
 with the Alchemists [ ? ] A. vidga'ris. Common 
 Ladies' Mantle, Pes Leo'nis, Leontopo'dium, (F.) 
 Pied de Lion. Formerly in great repute as an 
 astringent in hemorrhage. 
 
 ALCHEMY, Alchymy. 
 
 ALCHITRAM, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
 
 ALCHITURA, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
 
 ALCHOOL, Alcohol. 
 
 ALCHORNEA LATIFOLIA, see Aleornoque. 
 
 AL'CHYMY, Al'chemy, Alchemi'a, Alchimi'a, 
 Adep'ta Philosoph'ia, from al, an Arabic par- 
 ticle, signifying 'superiority, excellence,' and 
 Ohimia, ' Chymistry.' This word was formerly 
 synonymous with Chymistry; but, from the 7ih 
 century, it has been applied to the mysterious 
 art of endeavouring to discover a universal re- 
 medy, and a mode of transmuting the baser me- 
 tals into gold : an operation to which they gave 
 the name Opus magnum, &tiA. Philosop)her' s stone. 
 
 Alchymy has also been called Scien'tia vcl 
 Philosoph'ia Hermet'ica, from an idea that Her- 
 mes or Mercury was its inventor. 
 
 Harris has well defined this chimerical art : 
 ' Ars sine arte, cuj'us principium est mentiri, me- 
 dium labor are, et finis mendicare.' 
 
 Al'chymist, Flatua'rius, Adept'. One pre- 
 tending to alchymy. 
 
 ALCOCALUM, Cynai-a scolymus. 
 
 AL'COHOL, Al'cahol, Alchool, Alkol, Alcol, 
 Al'cool, Al'kool. An Arabic word, formerly used 
 for an impalpable powder, and signifying ' very 
 subtile, much divided.' At the present day it is 
 applied to highly rectified spirit of wine: — see 
 Sjiiritus reetificatus or rectified spirit, distilled 
 from dried subcarbonate of potassa. In the Ph. 
 U. S. Alcohol is rectified spirit of the specific 
 gravity 0.835, 
 
 Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter than 
 water, of a warm, acrid taste, colourless, trans- 
 parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell. It is 
 the product of the distillation of vinous liquors ; 
 is miscible with water in all proportions, and is 
 the direct solvent of resins, balsams, <fec. Various 
 other vegetable principles are soluble in it, an< 
 hence it is used, in different states of conceutra. 
 tion, in the preparation of elixirs, tinctures, ex. 
 sences, Ac. 
 
 Alcohol acts on the animal body as a powerful 
 stimulus : as such, in a dilute form, it is used in 
 the prevention and cure of disease. Its habitual 
 and inordinate use is the cause of many serious 
 affections, of a chronic character especially, aa 
 visceral obstructions, dropsy, &c. 
 
ALCOHOLIC 
 
 58 
 
 ALGEDON 
 
 Alcohol ^thereus Ferkatus, A. Sulfurico- 
 lethereua ferri — a. cum Aloe perfoliata, Tinctura 
 aloes — a. Ammonias et guaiaci, Tinctura guaiaci 
 ammoniata — a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus ammonia 
 — a. Ammoniatum aromatieum, Spiritus ammo- 
 nias aromaticus — a. Ammoniatum foetidum, Spi- 
 ritus ammonise foetidus — a. Amylicum, Oil, Fusel 
 — a. cum Aromatibus sulphuricatus, Sulpliuricum 
 acidum aromatieum — a. cum Aromatibus compo- 
 gitus, Tinctura cinnamomi eomposita — a. Casto- 
 riatum, Tinctura castorei — a. cum Crotone casca- 
 rilla, Tinctura cascarillaa — a. Dilutum, Spiritus 
 teuuior — a. Ferratus, Tinctura ferri muriatis — 
 a. cum Sulphate ferri tartarisatus, see Ferrum 
 tartarisatum — a. cum Guaiaco oificinale ammo- 
 niatus, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata — a. lodii, 
 Tinctura lodinse — a. cum Opio, Tinctura opii 
 — a. Sulpburicatum, Elixir acidum Halleri — a. 
 Sulpliuricum, Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Sul- 
 phuris, Carbonis sulphuretum — a. Vini, Spiritus 
 rectificatus. 
 
 ALCOHOL'IC, Alcohol' icu8,Spirituo' sua, Sptr'- 
 ituoua. Relating to or containing alcohol — as 
 an alcoholic drink or remedy. 
 ALGOL, Alcohol. 
 ALCOLiE, Aphthse. 
 
 ALGOOL, Alcohol — a. Camphre, Spii-itus cam- 
 phorse. 
 
 AL COOL AT, Tincture. 
 
 ALCOOLATUM, Tincture— a. Antiscorbuti- 
 cum, Tinctura de Cochleariis — a. Carminativum 
 Sylvii, Tinctura de Cochleariis — a. de Groco com- 
 positum, Tinctura de Groco eomposita. 
 
 ALCOOLISER (F.) Formerly, 'to reduce into 
 an impalpable powder.' No longer used. 
 ALGOOLOMETER, Areometer. 
 AL OORNOQUE (P.) Oortex Alcornoeo. The 
 bark of Alchor'nea latifo'lia, of Jamaica, which 
 has been considered capable of curing phthisis. 
 It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astringent. Dose 
 of the powder ^i to ^ss. 
 
 AL'CYON, Hal'cyon. A swallow of Cochin 
 China, whose nest is gelatinous and very nutri- 
 tious. It has been proposed in medicine as ana- 
 leptic and aphrodisiac. 
 
 ALCYO'NIUM, Bastard sponge. The ashes 
 were formerly employed as dentrifices : they were 
 believed proper for favouring the growth of the 
 hair and beard, and were used in Alopecia. 
 ALDABARAN, Albadaran. 
 ALDEHYDE, see Anaesthetic. 
 ALDER, AMERICAN, Alnus serratula— a. 
 Black, Prinos, Rhamnus frangula — a. European. 
 Alnvis glutinosa. 
 ALE, Gerevisia. 
 ALEAGAS, Glycyrrhiza. 
 ALEGOST, Tanacetum balsamita, 
 ALECTO'RIUS LAPIS, Alecto'ria ; from 
 aXcrrtdp, 'a cock.' The name of a stone, supposed 
 to exist in the stomach of the cock, or, according 
 to others, in that of the capon, four years old. 
 Many marvellous properties were formerly attri- 
 buted to it, which are as groundless as its exist- 
 ence. There are no stones in the stomach, except 
 what have been swallowed. 
 ALEGAR, Acetum. 
 ALEHOOF, Glechoma hederacea. 
 ALEIMMA, Liniment. 
 ALEIPHA, Liniment. 
 
 ALEIPTE'RIUM, from aXa^u, 'I anoint.' 
 The place in the ancient gymnasium where the 
 combatants anointed themselves. 
 
 ALEIP'TRON. Same etymon. A box for 
 containing ointments. 
 ALEMA, Farina. 
 
 ALEM'BIC {Arah.) Moorshead, Oapitel'lum, 
 Capit'ulum, Am'hicus, (F.) Alamhic. A utensil 
 made of glass, metal, or earthen ware, adapted 
 
 for distillation. A still. It consists of a hody 
 or cucurbit, (F.) cucurhite, chandiere, to which is 
 attached a head' or capital, (F.) chapiteaii, and 
 out of this a beak descends laterally to be inserted 
 into the receiver, worm, condenser, or refrigera- 
 tor, (F.) serpentin, refrigerant, as the case may 
 be. 
 
 ALEM'BROTH (Salt.) Sal Alembroth. The 
 alchymists designated by this name, and by 
 those of Sal sapien'tics, Sal artis, Sal vita and 
 S. Scien'ticB, the product resulting from the sub- 
 limation of a mixture of corrosive sublimate and 
 sal ammoniac. It is stimulant, but not employed. 
 ALESE, (F.) Aleze, Lin'teum, from aXtfu, 'I 
 preserve.' A guard. A cloth arranged in seve- 
 ral folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to guard 
 it from the lochial or other discharges. 
 ALETON, Farina. 
 ALETRIS, A. farinosa. 
 
 Al'etris, a. Farino'sa, Stargrass, Starwort, 
 Blazing star. Aloe-root, Bitter grass. Black root. 
 Unicorn root. Ague root. Ague grass, Devil's hit, 
 Mealy starwort, (F.) Aletris Meunier, Nat. Ord. 
 Asphodeleae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia, 
 This plant is an intense and permanent bitter, 
 and is used as a tonic and stomachic. It is com- 
 mon in the United States. 
 ALEURON, Farina. 
 ALEUROTESIS, see Cribration. 
 ALEXANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 ALEXANDRI ANTIDOTUS AUREA. See 
 Alexandrine. 
 
 ALEXAN'DRINE, Emplas'trum Alexan'dri. 
 A garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, contem- 
 porary, of Mesue. Other ancient preparations 
 were called 'Alexandrine;' as the Alexan'dri 
 antid'otus au'rea, used in apoplexy ; the Collyr'- 
 ium siccum Alexandri'num, or ' Collyriuni of King 
 Alexander,' mentioned by Aetius. 
 
 ALEXIGACUM, Amuletum, Alexipharmic. 
 ALEXIPHAR'MIG, Alexiphar'macus, Anti- 
 phar'macus, Alexica'cus, Caco-alexite' ria, Lexi- 
 phar'macus, (F.) Alexipharmaque, from aXe^uv, 
 ' to repel,' and (papfiaKov, ' poison.' A term for- 
 merly used for medicines which were considered 
 proper for expelling from the body various mor- 
 bific principles, or for preventing the bad effects 
 of poisons taken inwardly. 
 ALEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
 ALEXIR, Elixir. 
 
 ALEXITE'RIA,Caca?ea;i«e'ria, from oKtlaa^ai, 
 ' to assist.' Originally, alexiterium was used 
 synonymously with remedy. In more modern 
 times it has been applied to a class of medicines, 
 that counteract poisons placed in contact with the 
 exterior of the body, in contradistinction to alex- 
 ipharmic. 
 
 ALEXITERIUM CHLORICUM, see Disin- 
 fection — a. Nitricum, see Disinfection. 
 ALEZE, Alese. 
 ALFUSA, Tutia. 
 ALGA MARINA, Pila marina. 
 ALGALIE, Catheter. 
 
 AL'GAROTH, Al'garot, Algaro'tU Pulvis, 
 Pulvis Angel'icus, Ox'idum seu Submu'rias Stib'ii 
 prcBcipitan'do para'tum, Antimo'nii Ox'ydum, 
 Ox'idum antimo'nii Nitro-muriat'icuni, Ox'idum 
 Stib'ii Ad'ido Muriat'ieo oxygena'to para'tum, 
 Mercu'riua VitcB, Ifercu'riua 3Iortis, Floioers of 
 Antimony, (F.) Oxyde d' Antimoine, so called from 
 Victor Algarothi, a Veronese physician. The 
 sub-muriate of protoxide of antimony, separated 
 from the muriate of antimony by washing away 
 some of its acid. It was formerly much used as 
 an emetic, purgative, and diaphoretic. 
 
 ALGE'DON, from a\yos, 'pain.' Violent pain 
 about the neck of the bladder, occasionally oc- 
 curring in gonorrhoea. — Cockburn. 
 
ALGEMA 
 
 59 
 
 ALKAR 
 
 Algedon, Pain. 
 
 ALGEMA, Pain. 
 
 ALGESIS, Pain. 
 
 ALGETICUS, see Algos. 
 
 AL'GIDUS, from algor, 'cold.' That which 
 is accompanied by coldness. 
 
 Al'gida Febris, F. liorrif'ica, F, hor'rida, F. 
 quei-'quera, F. crymo'des, Bry'cetus, Bry'chetiis. 
 (F.) Fievre algide, Algid Fever. A pernicious 
 intermittent, accompanied by icy coldness, which 
 is often fatal in the second or third paroxysm. 
 
 ALGOR, Rigor. 
 
 ALGOS, a\yog, 'pain.' See Pain. Hence, 
 Alrjet'icus, 'painful,' as Fpilep'sia alget'ica. The 
 suffix algia has the same signification, — as in 
 Cephalalgia, Pleuralgia, Neuralcjia, &c. 
 
 ALGOSPAS'MUS, from aXyos, 'pain,' and 
 ctTadjioi, ' spasm.' Painful spasm or cramp of 
 the muscles. 
 
 ALHAGI, Agul. 
 
 ALHANDAL, see Cucumis colocynthis. 
 
 ALHASEF, Sudamina. 
 
 ALIBILIS, Nutritious. 
 
 KUIC^, Hal' ica, Farina' rium, Chondrus, from 
 alere, 'to nourish.' A grain from which the an- 
 cients made their tisanes ; supposed, by some, to 
 have been the Triticum spelta. At times, it 
 seems to have meant the tisane itself. 
 
 AL'ICES, from a\iC,w, 'I sprinkle.' Spots 
 which precede the eruption of small pox. 
 
 ALIENATIO, Anomalia — a. Mentis, Insanity. 
 
 ALIENATION, MENTAL, Insanity. 
 
 ALIENUS, Delirious. 
 
 ALIFORMES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles. 
 
 ALIFORMIS, Alaris, Pterygoid. 
 
 ALIGULUS, Confection. 
 
 ALIMA, Aliment. 
 
 ALIMELL^, Parotid. 
 
 AL'IMENT, Alimen'tum, Al'ima, Harma'lia, 
 Nutri'men, Nu'triens, Sustentac'idum, Oiha'rium, 
 Broma, Oomis'te, Cihiis, Esca, Nutri'tus, Nxitri- 
 men'tum, Sitos, Tropke. (F.) Aliment, Nourri- 
 ture, from alere, 'to nourish.' Food. Any sub- 
 stance which, if introduced into the system, is 
 capable of nourishing it and repairing its losses. 
 
 The study of aliments forms one of the most 
 important liranches of hygiene. They are con- 
 fined to the organized kingdom, — the mineral 
 affording none. 
 
 As regards the immediate principles which 
 predominate in their composition, they have been 
 classed, but imperfectly, as follows : — 
 
 TABLE OP ALIMENTS. 
 
 C Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In- 
 
 < dian corn, potato, sago, peas, 
 f beans, &c. 
 C Carrot, salsify, beet, turnip, aspara- 
 
 < gus, cabbage, lettuce, artichoke, 
 ( melon, &c. 
 
 Sugar, fig, date, raisin, apricot, &c. 
 ( Orange, currant, gooseberry, cher- 
 3 ry, peach, strawberry, raspberry, 
 ^ mulberry, prune, pear, apple, 
 ( sorrel, &c. 
 ( Cocoa, olive, sweet almond, nut, 
 
 < walnut, animal fat, oil, butter, 
 ( &c. 
 
 Different kinds of milk, cheese. 
 C Tendon, aponeurosis, true skin, 
 
 < cellular texture; very young 
 ( animals. 
 
 Brain, nerve, eggs, &c. 
 Flesh and blood. 
 
 Dr. Prout has four great classes — the aqueovs, 
 aa.ccharine, oleaginous, and albuminous : — Dr. 
 Pereira twelve; — the aqueous, mvcilaginous or 
 gummy, saccharine, amylaceous, ligneous, pecti- 
 naceous, acidulous, alcoholic, oily or fatty, pro- 
 teinaceous, gelatinous, and saline. 
 
 Liebig divides them into two classes: — the 
 
 1. Feculaceous. 
 
 2. Mucilaginous, 
 
 3. Saccharine. 
 
 4. Acidulous. 
 
 5. Oleaginous am 
 
 Fatty. 
 
 6. Caseous. 
 
 7. Gelatinous. 
 
 8. Albuminous. 
 
 9. Fibrinous. 
 
 NITROGENIZED Or PLASTIC ELEMENTS OF MJTHl- 
 
 TiON, in which he comprises vegetable fibrin, 
 vegetable albumen, vegetable casein, flesh and 
 blood ; and the kon-nitrogenized elements of 
 RESPIRATION, in which he comprises, /a*, starch, 
 gum, cane sugar, grape sugar, sugar of milk, pec- 
 tin, bassorin, wine, beer and sjnrits. The former 
 alone, in his view, are inservient to the nutrition 
 of organized tissue : the lattpr are burnt in respi- 
 ration, and furnish heat. 
 
 The following simple arrangement is, perhaps, 
 as little objectionable as any: 
 
 Fibrinous (Glutinous') 
 Albuminous. 
 
 1. J^itrosreniz^ 
 
 (Albumi 
 
 ized Aliments, S 
 iinous, of Prout.) ) 
 
 •1 
 
 Caseinous. 
 Amvl.iccous. 
 
 2. J^on-nitrogenized Aliments, < Saccliariue. 
 Olea^uous. 
 
 The second division might be still farther sim- 
 plified, inasmuch as amjiaceous aliments are 
 convertible into sugar during the digestive pro- 
 cess ; an*!, from both, oleaginous matter may be 
 formed. 
 
 ALIMENTARY TUBE, Canal, alimentary. 
 
 ALIMENTATION, Alimenta'tio. The act of 
 nourishing. 
 
 ALIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum. 
 
 ALIMOS, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 ALINDE'SIS, from aXiv^ofxai, 'to be turned 
 about.' A species of exercise, which consisted 
 in rolling in the dust, after having been anointed 
 with oil. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ALIP^'NOS, Alipm'num, Alipan'tos, from a, 
 priv., and \iKavuv, 'to be fat.' An epithet for- 
 merly given to every external remedy, devoid of 
 fat or moisture ; such as powders. — Galen. 
 
 ALIPANTOS, Alipajnos. 
 
 ALIP'TA, Alip'tes, from a.xs(?». 'I anoints' 
 He who anointed the Athletas after bathing. 
 The place where this was done was called Alip- 
 te'rium. 
 
 ALIPTERIUM, see AHpta. 
 
 ALIP'TICA, same etymon. The part of an- 
 cient medicine, which treated of inunction, as a 
 means of preserving health. 
 
 ALISIER BLANC, Crataegus aria. 
 
 ALISMA, A. plantago. Arnica montana — a. 
 Grammifolia, A. plantago — a. Lanceola'ta, A. 
 plantago. 
 
 Alis'mA Planta'go, Alisma, A. lanceola'ta seu 
 graminifo'lia, Planta'go aquat'ica, Water Plan- 
 tain, (F.) Plantain d'Eau. Nat. Ord. Alismacese. 
 Sex. Syst. Hexandria Polygynia. TJie fresh root 
 is acrid, and the dried leaves will vesicate. The 
 leaves have been proposed as substitutes for Uva 
 Ursi. 
 
 ALITTJRA, Nutrition. 
 
 AL'KALE, O'leum Galli'ncB. An ancient phar- 
 maceutical name for pullets' fat. 
 
 ALKALESCENCE, Alcalescenee. 
 
 ALKALI, see Alcali — a. Ammoniacum caus- 
 ticum, Ammonia — a. Ammoniacum spirituosum, 
 Spiritus ammonise — a. Minerale nitratum. Soda, 
 nitrate of — a. Minerale phosphoratum. Soda, 
 phosphate of — a. Minerale salinum. Soda, mu- 
 riate of — a. Vegetable, Potash — a. Vegetabile cum 
 aceto, Potassse acetas — a. Vegetabile fixum caus- 
 ticum, Potassa fusa — a. Volatile, Ammonia — a 
 Volatile causticum. Ammonia — a. Volatile, con- 
 crete, Ammonise carbonas — a. Volatile nitratum, 
 Ammoniee nitras — a. Volatile tartarizatum, Am- 
 moniae tartras — a. Volatile vitriolatum, Ammo- 
 nise sulphas. 
 
 ALKANET, BASTARD, Lithospermnm offici- 
 nale — a. Dyer's, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Garden, 
 Anchusa officinalis — a. Officinal, Anchusa offici- 
 nalis. 
 
 ALKAR, Medicament. 
 
ALKEKENGI 
 
 60 
 
 ALLOTRIOEGGRISIS 
 
 ALKEKENGI, Physalis. 
 
 ALKER'MES, Confec'tio Alker'mes, Alcher'- 
 ttiee. A celebrated electuary, composed of a mul- 
 titude of substances. It was so called from the 
 grains of kermes contained in it. It was used 
 as a stimulant. Also, kermes. 
 
 ALKERVA, see Ricinr^ communis. 
 
 ALKITRAN, Cedria. . 
 
 ALKOL, Alcohol. . 
 
 ALKOOL, Alcohol. 
 
 ALLA, Cerevisia. 
 
 A LLAITEMENT, Lactation. 
 
 ALLAMAN'DA, A. Cathar'tiea sen grandi- 
 flo'ra, Ore'lia grandiflo'ra, Gal'arips, Echi'nua 
 scandens, Apoc"ynum scandena. A shrub, native 
 of Guiana, the infusion of whose leaves is said by 
 Linnasus to be useful in Colica Pictonum. 
 
 ALLANTODES, Allantois. 
 
 ALLAN'TOIC ACID, Ac"idum allanto'iciim. 
 A peculiar acid, found in the liquor of the allan- 
 tois of the cow. 
 
 ALLANTOIDES, Allantois. 
 
 ALLAN'TOIS, AllantoVdes, Allanto'des, Mem- 
 hra'na urina'ria, .M seu Tunica Farcimina'lis, 
 M. Intestina'lis, the Allantoid Vesicle, from aWag, 
 ' a sausage,' and siSo;, ' shape.' A sort of elon- 
 gated bladder, between the chorion and amnion 
 of the foetus, which is thrown out from the caudal 
 extremity of the embryo, and communicates with 
 the bladder by the urachus. It is very apparent 
 in quadrupeds, but not in the human species. As 
 the allantois is developed, its walls become very 
 vascular, and contain the ramifications of what 
 become the umbilical artery and vein, which, by 
 the elongation of the allantois, are brought 
 through the villi of the chorion, into indirect 
 communication with the vessels of the mother. 
 
 ALLANTOTOX'ICUM, from aWag, 'a sau- 
 sage,' and ToliKov, 'a poison.' Sausage poison 
 (G.) Wurstgift. The Germans have given this 
 name to a poison developed in sausages formed 
 of blood and liver. 
 
 ALLELUIA, Oxalis aeetosella. 
 
 ALLE'VIATOR: from ad, 'to,' and levare, 'to 
 raise.' A soother. An instrument for raising in- 
 valids, invented by Mr. Jenks, of Rhode Island. 
 It consists of two upright posts, about six feet 
 high, each supported by a pedestal; of two hori- 
 zontal bars at the top, rather longer than a com- 
 mon bedstead ; of a windlass of the same length, 
 placed six inches below the upper bar ; of a cog- 
 wheel and handle; of linen belts from six to 
 twelve inches wide; of straps secured at one end 
 of the windlass ; and at the other having hooks 
 attached to corresponding eyes in the linen belts, 
 and of a head-piece made of netting. The pa- 
 tient lying on his mattress, the surgeon passes 
 the linen belts beneath his body, attaching them 
 to the hooks on the ends of the straps, and ad- 
 justing the whole at the proper distance and 
 length, so as to balance the body exactly, and 
 then raises it from the mattress by turning the 
 handle of the windlass. To lower the patient 
 a?;ain, and replace him on the mattress, the wind- 
 lass must be reversed. 
 
 ALLGOOD, Chenopodium bonus Henricus. 
 ALLHEAL, Heracleura spondylium. 
 ALLIA'CEOUS, aUia'eeus, from allium, 'gar- 
 lic' ±5elonging tc garlic, as alliaceous odour. 
 ALLIAIRE, Alliaria. 
 
 ALLIA'RIA, from allium, its smell resembling 
 parlic. A. cjficina'lis, Eri/s'imum allia'ria seu 
 co^difo'Uum, Sisymbrium allia'ria, JacJc-in-the- 
 hedqe, stinking hedge Mun-.ard, Hedge Garlic, 
 Sauce-alone, Hes' peris allia'ria, (P.) Alliaire. 
 This plant has been sometimes given in humid 
 * PBtbvna and dyspnoea. It is reputed to be dia- 
 phoretic, diuretic, and antiscorbutic. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has a compound syrup of 
 alliaria, Sirop d'erysimum compose, which is used 
 in hoarseness. 
 
 ALLIGATURA, Fascia, Ligature. 
 
 ALLIOTIGUS, Alterative. 
 
 AL'LIUM, from oleo, ' I smell.' A. aati'vnm, 
 Theriaca rustico'rum, Ampelop'rasum, Scor'odon, 
 Scordon, Garlic, (F.) Ail. JVat. Ord. Aspho- 
 delese. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. A 
 native of Sicily, but cultivated for use. The 
 hulhs or cloves, Ag'liihes, have a strong, offensive, 
 and penetrating odour, and a sweetish, biting, 
 and caustic taste. Internally, garlic is stimulant, 
 diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue (?), diapho- 
 retic, and anthelmintic. Externally, it is rube- 
 facient, maturative, and repellent. 
 
 Dose, one to six cloves, swallowed whole, or 
 from f ^ss to f ^ij- of the juice. 
 
 Taylor's Remedy for Deafness, a nostrum, ap- 
 pears to consist of garlic, infused in oil of al- 
 monds, and coloured by alkanet root. 
 
 Allium Ascalonicum, Echalotte. 
 
 Al'liuh Cepa, Oepa vulga'ris. Common Onion, 
 Cepid'la, Orom'myon, (F.) Oignon. Acrid and 
 stimulating, and possessing very little nutriment. 
 Onions have been used as stimulants, diuretics, 
 and anthelmintics. The boiled or roasted onion, 
 as a cataplasm, is emollient and maturating. 
 The fresh root is rubefacient. The expressed 
 juice is sometimes used in otalgia and in rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 Allitjm Gallicum, Portulaca. — a. Plantagi- 
 neum, A. Victoriale. 
 
 Al'lium Pokrum, Porrum, P. sati'vum, Pro- 
 sum, the Leek or Porret / (F.) Poireau, Porreav., 
 It possesses the same property as the onion. 
 
 The virtues of the genus Allium depend upon 
 an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol, acids, 
 and alkalies. 
 
 Allium Redolens, Teucrium scordium. 
 
 Al'lium Victoria'le, A. plantagin'eum, Cepa 
 victoria'lis, Victoria'lis longa. The root, which, 
 when dried, loses its alliaceous smell and taste, 
 is said to be efi5cacious in allaying the abdominal 
 spasms of pregnant women (?) 
 
 ALLOCHET'IA, Allotriochet'ia, from aWo;, 
 ' another,' and %£?£(»', ' to go to stool.' The dis- 
 charge of extraneous matters from the bowels. 
 The discharge of fseces by an abnormous opening. 
 
 ALLOCHOOS, Delirious. 
 
 ALLOCHROMA'SIA, from aXXoj, 'another,' 
 and xpuina, ' colour.' A change of colour. 
 
 ALLCBOPATHIA, AUopathy. 
 
 ALLCEOPATHIC, Allopathic. 
 
 ALLCEOSIS, Alteration. 
 
 ALLCEOTICUS, Alterative. 
 
 ALLOIOSIS, Alteration. 
 
 ALLOIOTICUS, Alterative. 
 
 ALLONGEMENT, Elongation. 
 
 ALLOPATH, AUopathist. 
 
 ALLOPATHES, Allopathic. 
 
 ALLOPATH'IC, Allopath' icus, Allceopath'ie, 
 Allceopath'icus, Allop'athes, Heteropath'ic, from 
 aXXos, 'another,' and vados, 'affection.' Relating 
 to the ordinary method of medical practice, in 
 contradistinction to the homoeopathic. 
 
 ALLOP'ATHIST, Al'lopath, same etymon. 
 One who follows allopathy. 
 
 ALLOP'ATHY, Allopathi'a, Alloeopathia, Uy- 
 penantio'sis, Hypenantio'ma, Cura'tio contrario'- 
 rum per contra' ria, same etymon. The opposite 
 to homoeopathy. The ordinary medical practice. 
 
 ALLOPHASIS, Delirium. 
 
 ALLOTRIOCHETIA, Allochetia. 
 
 ALLOTRIODON'TIA, from aXXorpioj, 'fo- 
 reign,' and o&ov;, ' a tooth.' Transplantation of 
 teeth. 
 
 ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS, from aXXorp.oy, 'fo. 
 
ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA 
 
 61 
 
 ALTERATION 
 
 reign,' and tKKoiaig,' 'separation.' The separa- 
 tion of extraneous matters from the hody in dis- 
 ease. 
 
 ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA, Parageustia. 
 
 ALLOTRIOPHAGIA, Malacia. 
 
 ALLOTRIOTEX'IS, from aWoTfios, 'foreign/ 
 and T£^K, 'parturition.' The bringing forth of 
 an abnormous foetus. 
 
 ALLOTRIU'RIA, from aWorpto;, 'foreign,' 
 and ovpovf 'urine.' Admixture of foreign mat- 
 ters with the urine. 
 
 AL'LOTROPISM; from aWo;, 'another,' and 
 rpoTTOf, ' a turn or change.' A term recently in- 
 troduced into chemistry; the object of which is 
 to express the property possessed by certain 
 simple bodies, of assuming different qualities on 
 being subjected to certain modes of treatment. 
 Carbon, for example, furnishes three forms — 
 plumbago, charcoal, and diamond. 
 
 ALLSPICE, see Myrtus pimenta — a. Bftsh, 
 Laurus Benzoin — a. Carolina, Calycanthus — a. 
 Wild, Laurus Benzoin. 
 
 ALLUCINATIO, Hallucination. 
 
 ALLURE, Influenza. 
 
 ALMA, Water. 
 
 ALMARIAB, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 ALMEZERION, Cneorum tricoccum. 
 
 ALMOND, Amygdala. 
 
 Almond Bloom. A liquid cosmetic, formed 
 of Brazil dust ^j, water Oiij ; boil and strain ; 
 and add isinglass ^vj, grana si/Ivestria ^ij, or 
 cochineal ^ij, alum ^j, borax ^i'j '> boil again, 
 and strain through a fine cloth. 
 
 Almond Cake, see Amygdala — a. of the Ear, 
 Tonsil — a. Earth, Arachis hypogsea — a. Paste, 
 see Amygdala — a. Powder, see Amygdala — a. of 
 the Throat, Tonsil. 
 
 ALNUS, A. glutinosa — a. Communis, A. gluti- 
 nosa. 
 
 ALNUS GLUTINO'SA, Alnus, A commu'nia, 
 Bet'ida glutino'sa seu emargina'ta, Europe'an Al- 
 der. A tree which grows in Europe, in moist 
 places. The bark and leaves are astringent and 
 bitter ; and hence are employed in intermittents, 
 and as a tonic and astringent. 
 
 Alnus Serrat'ula, American Alder, has simi- 
 lar properties. 
 
 Alnus Nigra, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 ALOCHI'A, from a, privative, and Xo'xtia, 'lo- 
 chia.' Absence of the lochial discharge. 
 
 ALOEDA'RIUM. A compound medicine, 
 containing aloes. — Gorrseus. 
 
 ALOE, Aloes. 
 
 ALOE ROOT, Aletris farinosa. 
 
 AL'OES, Al'oe, Pel Natxi'rcE. The inspissated 
 juice of the Aloe. Nat. Ord. Asphodeleae. Sex. 
 Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. 
 
 Aloes Barbadensis, A. hepatiea — a. Bombay, 
 A, hepatiea — a. des Barhades, A. hepatiea. 
 
 Aloes Cabalu'na, A. Gninien'sis, Horse- 
 aloes. Used chiefly for horses. It is collected 
 in Spain and Porti'^al, and is very coarse. 
 
 Aloes en Calebasses, A. hepatiea. 
 
 Aloes, Cape, Shining Aloes; a cheap and ex- 
 cellent form of aloes, collected at the Cape of 
 Good Hope, from Aloe ferox, A, A/ricana, A. 
 epicata, and other species. 
 
 Aloes, East India, A. Succotorina — a. Guini- 
 easis, A. Caballina. 
 
 Aloes Hepat'ica, A. vulga'ris, A. Barhaden'- 
 S)>, Uejiat'ic aloes, Bomlay aloes, Barha'does 
 aloes, A. vxdga'ris exti-ac'tum, (P.) Aloes en cale- 
 basses, A. des Barhades. This species has a very 
 disagreeable odour, and an intensely bitter and 
 nauseous taste. Properties the same as the last. 
 
 Aloes, Horse, A. Caballina — a. Lucida, A. 
 Succotorina — a. Socotrine, A. Succotorina — a. 
 Spicata extraetum, A. Succotorina* 
 
 Aloes Succotori'na, Soc'otrine aloes, Turkey 
 aloes. East India aloes. Aloes lu'cida, A. Zoctori'- 
 nia, A. spica'tcB extrac' turn, An'ima Aloes, is the 
 best species. Its odour is not unpleasant; taste 
 very bitter, and slightly aromatic; colour red- 
 dish-brown, with a shade of purple ; mass hard, 
 friable ; fracture conchoidal and glossy ; soluble 
 in dilute alcohol. Powder of a bright cinnamon- 
 yellow colour. It is cathartic, warm, and stimu- 
 lating; emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and stoma- 
 chic. As a cathartic, it affects the rectum chiefly. 
 Bose, as a cathartic, gr. v. to ^j. in pill. 
 
 Aloes, Turkey, A. Succotorina — a. Vulgaris, 
 A. hepaticus. — a. Wood, Agallochum — a. Zocto- 
 rinia, A._ Succotorina. 
 
 ALOET'IC, Aloet'icus. A preparation which 
 contains aloes. 
 
 ALOEXYLON, Agallochum. 
 ALOGOTROPH'IA, from aXoyo;, 'dispropor- 
 tionate,'' and Tpo0)7, 'nutrition.' Irregular nutri- 
 tion. Used particularly to designate the irregu- 
 lar manner in which the nutrition of bones ia 
 effected in rickety individuals. 
 ALOPECES, Psoffi, 
 
 ALOPE'CIA, from aXoin?!, 'a fox;' (this ani- 
 mal being said to be subject to the affection.) 
 Capillo'rum deflu'vium, Athrix depi'lis, Phalac- 
 ro'iis, Depila'tio, Tricho'sis Athrix, Oangrce'na 
 Alope'cia, Atrich'ia, Beflu'viiim seu Lapsus Pilo'- 
 rum, Lip)Sotrich'ia, Vulpis morbus. Baldness. 
 Falling off of the hair; loss of the hair. When 
 this is confined to the crown of the head, it is 
 called calvitiea, although the terms are often used 
 synonymously. 
 
 Alopecia Areata, Porrigo decalvans — a. Cir- 
 cumscripta, Porrigo decalvans — a Partialis, Por- 
 rigo decalvans. 
 
 ALOUCHE, CratEegus aria. 
 ALOUCH'I. The name of a gum procured 
 from the canella alba tree. 
 
 ALOUCHIER, Crataegus aria, 
 ALPAM. A shrub which grows on the coast 
 of Malabar. Certain parts of this, infused in oil, 
 form an antipsoric ointment. The juice of the 
 leaves, mixed with that of calamus, is employed 
 against the bites of serpents. 
 
 ALPHENIC, Saccharum candidum. 
 ALPHITEDON, see Fracture. 
 ALPH'ITON, aX(piTov, Polen'ta, Fari'na. Any 
 kind of meal. Toasted barley-meal. — Hippocra- 
 tes. Polenta means also a food composed of In- 
 dian meal, cheese, &c. See Farina. 
 
 ALPHON'SIN, Alphon'simim. A kind of bul- 
 let forceps, similar to a Porte-crayon, so called 
 from the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of Naples. — 
 Scultetus. 
 ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides, 
 ALPHOSIS iETHIOPICA, see Albino. 
 ALPINIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car- 
 damomum — a. Galanga, Maranta galanga. 
 ALPISTE, Phalaris Canadiensis. 
 ALSANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 ALSI'NE ME'DIA, A. avicnla'rum seu vulga'- 
 ris, from a\<To;, ' a grove,' because growing abun- 
 dantly in the woods. Morsus Galli'nce, Holos'- 
 teiim Alsi'ne, Stella'ria me'dia. Mouse-ear, Ohick- 
 weed, (F.) 3[ouron des Oiseaux, 3Iorgoline. This 
 plant, if boiled tender, may be eaten like spinach, 
 and forms an excellent emollient poultice. It 
 was formerly regarded as a vulnerary and deter- 
 gent. 
 
 ALTAFOR, Camphor. 
 ALTER SEXUS, Sex, femaie. 
 ALTERANS, Alterative. 
 ALTERANT, Alterative. 
 ALTERA'TION, Altera' tio, from alter, 'other, 
 Alloio'sis, Alloco'sia. This word i? >jsed in France 
 
ALTERATIVE 
 
 62 
 
 ALVEOLUS 
 
 to express a morbid change which supervenes in 
 the expression of the countenance (alteration de 
 la face,) or in the structure of an organ (altera- 
 tion organique,) or in the nature of fluids excreted 
 (alteration de I'urine, des larnies, du lait, &c.) 
 
 Alteration is also used in an entirely different 
 sense, to express intense thirst in disease. In 
 this case its etymology is different. It comes 
 from halcter, and was formerly written haliter- 
 ation. 
 
 AL'TEEATIVE, Al'terans, Allotot'icus, Allae- 
 ot'ieus, AlLot'icHS, Immu'tans, An agent con- 
 sidered to be capable of producing a salutary 
 change in a uisease, but without exciting any 
 sensible evacuation. As medicine improves, this 
 uncertain class of remedies becomes, of necessity, 
 diminished in number. See Eutrophie. 
 
 (F.) Alterant. The French term likewise 
 means, that which causes thirst, — Siticulo'sns, 
 Dipset'icus, as alterer means both to change, and 
 to cause thirst. S'alterer is to experience a 
 change for the worse, — corrum'jn.) 
 
 ALTERCANGENON', Hyoscyamus. 
 
 ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 ALTH^'A, from a'K^uv, 'to heal;' A. officina'- 
 lis, Malvavis'cum, Aristalthce' a, Hibis'cus, Ihis'- 
 chus, Ibis'cha mismal'va, Bismal'va, Marsh mal- 
 low. (¥.) Grinmaiive. Nat. Ord. Malvaoess. Sex. 
 Si/st. Monadelphia Polyandria. The leaves, 
 Althcs'cB fo'lia, and root, Althm'a radix, contain 
 much mucilage. They are emollient and demul- 
 cent, and are employed wherever medicines, pos- 
 sessing such properties, are required. In the Ph. 
 U. S., Althasa is the root of Althsea officinalis. 
 
 ALTHANAIHA, Orpiment 
 
 ALTHEUS, Physician. 
 
 ALTHEXIS, Curation. 
 
 ALTHOS, Medicament. 
 
 ALTILIBAT, Terebinthina. 
 
 ALU'DEL, Alu'tel, Vitricm sublimato' riiim. A 
 hollow sphere of stone, glass, or earthen ware, with 
 a short neck projecting at each end, by means of 
 which one glass might be set upon the other. 
 The uppermost had no aperture at the top. ' Alu- 
 dels were formerly used in the sublimation of 
 various substances. 
 
 A'LULA; diminutive of a?a, 'a wing.' A little 
 wing. 
 
 ALUM, Symphytum — a. Cataplasm, Coagulum 
 aluminosum — a. Egyptian, iEgyptia stypteria. 
 
 Alum, Roche, Alu'men de liochi, (P.) Alun de 
 Roche. So called from Roccha in Syria, where 
 there was a manufactory of it. It is in pieces of 
 the size of an almond, covered with a reddish 
 efflorescence. 
 
 Common Roche Alum, A. Rochi Gallis. Frag- 
 ments of common alum, moistened and shaken 
 with prepared bole. It is white when broken. 
 
 Alum, Solution of. Compound, Liq. aluminis 
 compos. 
 
 Alum Root, Geranium maculatum, Heuchera 
 cortusa. 
 
 ALU'MEN, (an Arabic term, alum,) Alum, 
 Hypersul'phas alu'mincB et Potas'scB, Potas'sce 
 alu'mino-sidphas, Sul'phas Alumince Acid'ulus 
 cum Potas'ad, Sulphas Alu'mina, Sul'2)has KaV- 
 ico-alumin'icum, Sulphas alumina'ris, Supcrsul' - 
 phas alu'imncB et potas'sce, Argil'la sulphu'rica 
 alcalisa'ta, A. vitriola'ta, Stypte'ria, Supersul'- 
 phaa Argil'lm alealisa' turn, Argilla Kalisulphu- 
 rica. (F.) Alun. 
 
 Alumen Catinum, Potash of commerce — a. 
 i'ixum, see Potash — a. Kinosatum, Pulvis sul- 
 phatis aluminas compositus. 
 
 Alu'men Commu'ne, Common alum, English 
 alum, Rock alum, Alumen facti" tium, A. crystal' - 
 linum, A. ru'peum, (F.) Alun d'Angleterre, is the 
 variety usually employed. It is in octahedral 
 
 crystals, but generally in large, white, semitrans- 
 parent masses ; has a sweetish, styptic taste ; 
 effloresces in the air, and is soluble in 16 part^ of 
 water at 60°. It is tonic and astringent, and as 
 such is used internally and externally. Dose, gr. 
 V. to XV. 
 
 Alu'men Exsicca'tum, Alu'men ustum, A. cal- 
 cina'tum, Sulphas alu'mina fusus, Argil'la sul- 
 phu'rica usta, Burnt alum, dried alum. (F.) Alun 
 calcini, (Alum melted in an earthen vessel until 
 ebullition ceases.) Escharotic. 
 
 Alu'men Roma'num, Roman alum, A. Ru'ti- 
 lum, A. Rubru7n. (F.) Alun de Rome. In crys- 
 tals, which are of a pale red when broken, and 
 covered with a reddish efflorescence. 
 
 ALUMINA, ACETATE OF, Aluminse Acetas 
 — a. Depurata, Argilla pura — a. Pura, Argilla 
 pura — a. Sulphate of, Aluminse Sulphas. 
 
 ALU'MIN^ ACE'TAS, Argil'la Ace'tas,Ac"e- 
 tate of Alu'mina. A deliquescent salt, obtained 
 by the addition of acetate of lead to sulphate of 
 alumina and potassa. It possesses the same pro- 
 perties as the sulphate of alumina. 
 
 Alu'minje et Potass^ Htpersulphas, Alu- 
 men — a. et Potassse supersulphas, Alumen — a. 
 Sulphas, Alumen. 
 
 Alu'jiin^ Sulphas, ArgillcB Sidphas, Sulphate 
 of Alu'mina. Simple sulphate of alumina may 
 be made by the direct combination of alumino 
 and sulpihuric acid, and contains 30 per cent, of 
 the former, to 70 per cent, of the latter. It is 
 a deliquescent salt; and is an excellent antisep- 
 tic and detergent to ulcers. It is chiefly used to 
 preserve dead bodies — a strong solution being 
 injected into the arteries. 
 
 Alumina Sulphas Acidulus cum Potassa, 
 Alumen — a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum. 
 
 ALUMINE FACT ICE, Argilla pura. 
 
 ALUN, Alumen. 
 
 ALUNSEL, Gutta. 
 
 ALUS, Symphytum. 
 
 ALUSIA, Hallucination — a. Hypochondriasis 
 Hypochondriasis. 
 
 ALUTEL, Aludel. 
 
 ALVAQUILLA, Psoralea glandulosa. 
 
 ALVARAS NIGRA, Ichthyosis. 
 
 ALVEARIUM, Auditory canal, external. 
 
 ALVE'OLAR, Alveola'ris, from alveus, *a ca- 
 vity.' (F.) Alveolaire. That which relates to 
 the alveoli. 
 
 Alve'olar Arches, (F.) Arcades alveolalres, 
 are formed by the margins or borders of the two 
 jaws, which are hollowed by the Alveoli. 
 
 Alve'olar Artery, Stipi-a-maxillary A., Ar- 
 tere sus-maxillaire of Chaussier, arises from the 
 internal maxillary, descends behind the tuberos- 
 ity of the upper jaw, and gives branches to the 
 upper molar teeth, gums, periosteum, membrane 
 of the maxillary sinus, and buccinator muscle. 
 
 Alveolar Border, Limbus alveola'ris. The 
 part of the jaws, that is hollowed by the alveoli. 
 
 Alve'olar Membranes are very fine mem- 
 branes, situate between the teeth and alveoli, and 
 formed by a portion of the sac or follicle which 
 enclosed the tooth before it pierced the gum. By 
 some this membrane has been called the alveolo- 
 dental periosteum. 
 
 Alve'olar Vein. This has a similar distri- 
 bution with the artery. 
 
 ALVEOLE, Alveolus. 
 
 ALVEOLI DENTIS, see Alveolus. 
 
 ALVEOLO-LABIAL, Buccinator. 
 
 ALVE'OLUS, same etymon. Bo'trion, Bo'- 
 thrion, Odontoboth'rium, Odontophat'ne, Frena, 
 Mortariolum, Hol'micos, Prcesepiohtm, Phatne, 
 Phat' nion, Prasepium, Patne, Pathne. (F.) Al- 
 viole. The alveoli are the sockets of the teeth, 
 
ALVEUS 
 
 63 
 
 ASJBOiT 
 
 Alve'oli dentis, M<x'nia seu Oaver'ncB den'tium, 
 into wliieli they are, as it were, driven. Their 
 size and shape are determined by the teeth which 
 they receive, and they are pierced at the apex by 
 small holes, which give passage to the dental 
 vessels and nerves. 
 
 ALVEUS, Auge — a. Ampullosus, Receptacu- 
 lum chyli — a. AmpuUeseens, Thoracic duct — a. 
 Communis: see Semicircular canals — a. Utricu- 
 losus : see Semicircular canals. 
 
 ALVI EXCRETIO, Defecation — a. Fluxus 
 aquosus. Diarrhoea — a. Laxitas, Diarrhoea — a. 
 Profluvium, Diarrhoea. 
 
 ALVIDUCUS, Laxative. 
 
 ALVINE, Alvi'niis, from alvus, 'the abdomen.' 
 That which relates to the lower belly, as alvine 
 dejerAxons, alvine flux, alvine obstructions, &c. 
 
 ALVUM EVACUANS, Cathartic. 
 
 ALVUS, Abdomen, Uterus — a. Adstricta, Con- 
 stipation — a. Cita, Diarrhoea — a. Dura, Constipa- 
 tio — a. Renum, Pelvis of the kidney — a. Tarda, 
 Constipation — a. Viridis, Dejection. 
 
 ALYCE, Anxiety. 
 
 AL'YPON, from a, priv., and Auttv, 'pain.' An 
 acrid, purging plant, described by Matthiolus. 
 By some it has been supposed to be the Glohula'- 
 ria ali/pum of botanists. 
 
 ALYSIS, Anxiety. 
 
 ALYSMUS, Anxiety. 
 
 ALYSSUM PLINII, Galium Mollugo. 
 
 ALYSSUS, Antihydrophobic. 
 
 AL'ZILAT. In some of the Arabian writers, 
 a weight of three grains. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 AMABILB, Lacuna Labii Superioris. 
 
 AMADOU, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 AMADOUVIER, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 AMAIGRISSEMENT, Emaciation. 
 
 AMANBES, see Amygdala. 
 
 AMANI'T^, from a, privative, and ptavia, 
 'madness :' i. e. 'not poisonous.' A name given, 
 by the Greeks and Romans, to the edible cham- 
 pignons. Amanita forms, at the present day, a 
 genus, some of which are edible, others poison- 
 ous. Amongst others, it contains the Agaricua 
 aurantiacus and A. pseudo-anrantiacus. 
 
 AMARA DULCIS, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 AMARACI'NUM. An ancient and esteemed 
 plaster, containing several aromatics, the marjo- 
 ram, a^apaKog, in particular. 
 
 AMARACUS, Origanum majorana — a. Tomen- 
 tosus. Origanum dictamnug. 
 
 AMARITIES, Bitterness. 
 
 AMARITUDO, Bitterness. 
 
 AMAROR, Bitterness. 
 
 AMARUCACHU, Polyanthes tuberosa. 
 
 AMA'RUS, Picros, 'bitter.' (F.) Amkr. The 
 bitter principle of vegetables is the great natural 
 tonic, and hence hitters, as they are termed col- 
 lectively, belong to the class of tonics. Several 
 are used in medicine ; the chief are, gentian, 
 quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog-wood, &e. 
 
 AMASE'SIS, Amasse'sis, from a, privative, and 
 fiaanais, 'mastication.' Mastication when im- 
 peded or impracticable. 
 
 AMATORIUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
 
 AMATORII, Oblique muscles of the eye. 
 
 AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM, Philter. 
 _ AMATORIUS MUSCULUS, Obliquus supe- 
 rior oculi. 
 
 AMAURO'SIS, Obfusca'tio, Offusca'tio, from 
 auav^o;, 'obscure.' Drop serene, Gutta sere'na, 
 Oatarao'ta nigra, Paropsis amauro'ais, ImmobiV- 
 itas pupil'lcB, Suffu'sio nigra, Blaclc cat'aract. 
 (F.) Goutte-sereine, Cataracte noire, Anopticoner- 
 cie (Piorry.) Diminution, or complete loss of 
 sight, without any perceptible alteration in the 
 organization of the eye,- generally, perhaps, 
 owing to loss of power of the optic nerve or re- 
 
 tina. Counter-irritants are the most successful 
 remedial agents, although the disease is always 
 very difficult of removal, and generally totally 
 incurable. 
 
 AMAtTKOSis DiMiDiATA, Hemiopia — a. Imper- 
 fecta, Hypo-amaurosis. 
 
 AMAUROT'IC, Amaurot'icus ; same etymon. 
 Affected with amaurosis. 
 
 Amaurotic Cat's Eye, Galeamauro'sis. A 
 name given by Beer to an amaurotic affection, 
 accompanied by a remarkable change of colour 
 in the pupil, which presents, apparently in tlio 
 fundus of the eye, a lighter tint, yellowish or 
 brownish yellow, instead of its natural clear 
 black. 
 
 AMA'ZIA, from a, privative, and fjia^o;, 'breast.' 
 A monstrosity, in which there is absence of one 
 or both breasts. 
 
 AMBARUM, Ambergris — a. Cineritium, Am- 
 bergris. __ 
 
 AMBE, from an^aivo), 'I ascend;' Ambi. A 
 .superficial eminence on a bone. Also, an old 
 surgical machine for reducing dislocations of the 
 shoulder ; the invention of which is ascribed to 
 Hippocrates. It is no longer used. — Hippo- 
 crates, Seultetus. See Crista. 
 
 AMBER, Succinum — a. Liquid: see Liquid- 
 amber styraciflua. 
 
 AM'BERGRIS, Ambra gri'sea, Ambor, Am- 
 bar, Ambra cinera'cea, A. ambrosiaca, Ambarum, 
 Suc'cinum cine'reum, S. gri'seiim, Am'harvm cine- 
 ri"tiitm. A concrete substance, of the consis- 
 tence of wax, cineritious colour, studded with 
 yellow and blackish spots, and exhaling a very 
 pleasant odour. It seems highly probable that 
 ambergris is formed in the intestines of the 
 whale, and voided with its excrements. Like ali 
 aromatic substances, ambergris is slightly anti- 
 spasmodic and excitant,* but it is oftener em- 
 ployed as a perfume than as a medicine. 
 
 AMBIA. a liquid, yellow bitumen, the smell 
 and virtues of which are similar to those of the 
 resin taeamahaca. It is obtained from a spring 
 in India. 
 
 AMBICUS, Alembic. 
 
 AMBIDEX'TER, Amphidex'ius, from amho, 
 'both,' and dexter, 'right.' One who uses both 
 hands with equal facility. Celsus says the sur- 
 geon ought to be 'non minus sinistra quam dex- 
 trd promptus. One of the aphorisms of Hippo- 
 crates says, that a woman is never ambidexter. 
 This is a mistake. 
 
 AMBIL^VUS, Ampharisteros. 
 
 AMBITUS GENITALIS MULIEBRIS, Vea- 
 tibulum. 
 
 AMBLOMA, Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOSIS, Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOSMUS, Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOTHRIDION, see Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOTHRIDIUM, Abortive. 
 
 AMBLOTICUS, Abortive. 
 
 AMBLUS, anP\v;, 'obscure.' Hence, 
 
 AMBLYAPH'IA, from a//,8Xt)?, 'obscure,' and 
 'a(t>r!, 'feeling.' Dulness of the sense of touch. 
 
 AMBLYOGMOS, Amblyopia. 
 
 AMBLYO'PIA, from a/ifiXv;, 'obscure,' and 
 wj/, 'the eye.' Amhly'osmos, Amblyog'mos, Ampli- 
 o'pia (so called by some, according to Castelli, 
 ob ignorantiam Graces Ungues,) Jlebetu'do visfis, 
 Feebleness of sight, (F.) Vuefaible. First degree 
 of Amaurosis. — Hippocrates. 
 
 Amblyopia CREprscuLAms, Hemeralopia — a. 
 Dissitorum, Myopia — a. Meridiana, Nyctalopia — 
 a. Proximorum. Presbytia. 
 
 AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia. 
 
 AMBOLICUS, Abortive. 
 
 AMBON, ajjL^iiiv, 'the raised rim of a shield or 
 dish,' from afifiaiva, ' I ascend*' The fibro-carti- 
 
AMBOR 
 
 64 
 
 AMMONIA 
 
 laginous rings or hourreleta, Trhieli surround the 
 articular cavities, as the glenoid cavity of the 
 scapula, the acetabulum, &c., have been so called 
 — Galen. See Crista. 
 
 AMBOR, Ambergris. 
 
 AMBE.A, Succinum — a. Ambrosiaca, Amber- 
 gris — a. Cineracea, Ambergris. 
 
 AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris. 
 
 AMBRE BLANO, Succmum (album) — a. 
 Jaane, Succinum. 
 
 A2IBRETTE, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 AMBPiO'SIA, from a, privative, and Pporo;, 
 ' mortal.' Pood which makes immortal, or the 
 fjod of immortals. The food of the gods — Ho- 
 mer. See also, Chenopodium botrys. 
 
 Ambkosia Elatior, see A. Trifida. 
 
 Ambro'sia Marit'iiia. a plant which grows 
 on the shores of the Levant, and has a pleasant, 
 bitter and aromatic taste. It is given in infusion, 
 as a tonic and antispasmodic. 
 
 Ambeo'sia Teif'ida, Horseweed, Richweed, 
 Horsemint, Horsecane, Bitterweed, Great Rag- 
 weed, Wild Hemp. This indigenous plant is 
 found in low grounds and along streams, from 
 Canada to Georgia, and west to Louisiana and 
 Arkansas. It is an annual, and flowers in Au- 
 gust and September. An infusion has been re- 
 commended locally in mercurial salivation. 
 
 Amliroiiia Elatior, Ragweed, is said by Dr. R. 
 E. Griffith to have much more developed sensible 
 properties. 
 
 A3/BR0SIE DU MEXIQUE, Chenopodium 
 ambrosioides. 
 
 AMBULANCE, (F.) from amhulare, 'to walk.' 
 A military hospital attached to an army, and 
 moving along with it. Also called Hopital am- 
 littlant. 
 
 AMBULATIO, Walking. 
 
 AM'BULATORY, Am'bidanfi, Amhulati'vus, 
 Am'bidative, (F.) Amhulant. A morbid affection 
 is said to be 'ambulatory,' (F.) amhulante, when 
 it. skips from one part to another; as Erieypeles 
 amhulante, &c. When blisters are applied suc- 
 cessively on different parts of the body, they are 
 called Vesieatoires ambulants. 
 
 AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 AM'BULI. The Brachmanic name for an In- 
 dian aquatic herb, which appears to belong to 
 the family Li/simacMoB. The whole plant has a 
 sweet smell. Its decoction has a very bitter 
 taste, and is an excellent febrifuge. It is also 
 taken in milk in cases of vertigo. 
 
 AM'BULO FLATULEN'TUS ET FURIO'- 
 SUS, FlatiM fiirio'sua, Vare'ni. Painful, mo- 
 bile, and periodical tumours affecting different 
 parts, which were once considered as the effect 
 of very subtile vapours — Michaelis. Their na- 
 ture is by no means clear. 
 
 AMBUSTIO, Bum. 
 
 AMBUTUA, Pareira brava. 
 
 AMBUYA-EMBO. A very beautiful, creeping 
 aristolochia of Brazil, the decoction of which is 
 exhibited successfully in obstructions. It is also 
 ■rised in fumigation and in baths as a tonic, 
 
 AME, Anima. 
 
 AMELI. A Malabar shrub, belonging to a 
 gefias unknown. The decoction of its leaves is 
 said to relieve colic. Its roots, boiled in oil, are 
 used to repel tumours. 
 
 AMELIA, Apathy. 
 
 AMENIA, Amenorrhoea, Emmenagogues. 
 
 AMENOMA'NIA. A hybrid word, formed 
 from the Latin ajnce/nis, 'agreeable,' and /tavia, 
 ' mania. A gay form of insanity. 
 
 AMENORRHGE'A, Parame'nia ohstruciio'm'9, 
 MenoeryfVia, Menoata'iia, Apophrax'i8,ArrJioe'a, 
 De/nc'tua eeu Reman'aio seu Oeesa'tio men'aium, 
 
 Meiutrua't'o impcdi'ta, Tachome'nia,Ame'nta, fro3B 
 a, privative, f.riv, 'a month,' and ptia, 'I flow.' 
 Stippreaaion of the menaea, (F.) Svppreeaion du 
 flux menatruel. This suppression is most com- 
 monly symptomatic, and hence the chief atten- 
 tion must be paid to the cause. Usually, there is 
 an atonic state of the system generally, and hence 
 chalybeates and other tonics are advisable. 
 
 Two great varieties of Amenorrhoea are com- 
 monly reckoned. 1. A. Emanaio'jiis, Eman'aio 
 men'aium, 3Ienis'cheaia, Ifenoa'chesia, 3Ienatrua'lio 
 retenta, Ilen'aiujn reten'tio. Retention of the men- 
 aea, when the menses do not appear at the usual 
 age : and, 2. Supprea' aio 3fen'sium, Swpprea'eio 
 Ifenstruatio'nia, Amenorrhce'a Suppreasio'nia, In- 
 terrup'tio menatrua.tio' nia, Menatrua'tio av.ppreaaa, 
 in which the catamenia are obstructed in their 
 regular periods of recurrence. See Emansio Men- 
 sium, and Menses. 
 
 Amenoerhcea Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea — a. 
 Emansionis, see Amenorrhoea — a. Hymenica, see 
 Hymenicus — a. Partialis, Dysmenorrhoea — a. 
 Suppressionis, see Amenorrhoea. 
 
 AMENTIA, Dementia : see, also, Fatuitas, and 
 Idiotism — a. SenUis, Dementia of the aged. 
 
 AMER, Amarus. 
 
 AMERICAX, see Homo. 
 
 AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum tu- 
 berosum. 
 
 AilERTmiE, Bitterness. 
 
 AM'ETHYST, Amethya'tua, from a, privative, 
 and ^s.Bvui, ' I am drunk.' A precious stone, to 
 which the ancients attributed the property of 
 preventing drunkenness. It was also used as an 
 anti-diarrhceic and absorbent — Pliny, Albertus 
 Magnus. 
 
 AMETH'YSUM, Amethya'tum, (remeditim,) 
 Same etymon as the last. A remedy for drunk- 
 enness. 
 
 AMETRIA, Intemperance. Also, absence of 
 the uterus J from a, privative, and iirjTpa, 'the 
 uterus.' 
 
 AMICULUM, Amnios. 
 
 AIIIDON, 10 DURE If, Starch, Iodide of. 
 
 AMIDUM, Amylum. 
 
 AMIN^A, Anime. 
 
 AMIlfiE'UM VIXUM, Amiwe'on jc?'«e, highly 
 esteemed as a stomachic. Virgil distinguishes it 
 from the Falernian. — Pliny, Macrobius, &c. 
 
 AMMA, Truss. 
 
 AMMI, Ammi majaa seu cicutcpfo'lium seu 
 vulga're seu Bolheri, Am'mioa miirica'ta, A'pium 
 ammi, Biahop'a weed. The seeds of this plant are 
 aromatic and pungent. They are said to be 
 carminative and diuretic, and are tonic and sto- 
 machic. 
 
 Ammi Bolberi, Ammi — a. dea Boutiqnea, see 
 Sison ammi — a. Cicutee folium, Ammi — a. Vemm, 
 see Sison ammi — a. Vulgare, Ammi. 
 
 AMMION, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 AMMIOS MURICATA, Ammi. 
 
 AMMISMUS, Psammismus. 
 
 AMMOCHO'SIA, Ammoeho'aia, from aiifios, 
 'sand,' and x'^'^i 'I pour.' Arena'tio. Putting 
 the human body in hot sand, for the cure of 
 disease. 
 
 AMMO'NIA, Ammo'nia or Ammoni'acal gaa, 
 Volatile al'kali, Al'cali ammvni'acum eaiia'ticiim, 
 A. volat'ile caua'ticum, Ammo'nia caua'tica, A, 
 pura, Amhioni'ncum, A. caua'tieiim, Gaa ammo- 
 niaca'le, Mephi'tia urino'aa, (F.) Amynoniaqite, 
 Air alcalin, Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali, so called, 
 because obtained pirincipally by decomposing sal 
 ammoniac [muriate of ammonia) by lime. Tiiis 
 gas is colourless, transparent, elastic, of a pun- 
 gent, characteristic odour, and an acrid urinous 
 taste. It turns the syrup of violets green, and 
 
AMMOXIAC 
 
 C5 
 
 AMMONIA ACETAS 
 
 its specific gravity is 0-596. When inhaled, 
 largely diluted with common air, it is a powerful 
 irritant. When unmixed, it instantly induces 
 sufiocation. 
 
 Ammonia, Acetate of, SoirTioK of. Liquor 
 ammonise acetatis — a. Arseniate of, Arseniate of 
 auiiaonia — a. Benzoate of. Ammonia} benzoas — 
 a. Caustica liquida. Liquor ammonia3 — a. Chloro- 
 hydrate of, Ammoniee murias — a. Citrate of, Am- 
 moniEe citras — a. Hydriodate of. Ammonium, io- 
 dide of — a. Hydrochlorate of, Ammoniro murias 
 — a. Hydrosulphuret of, Ammonife sulphuretum — 
 a. Iodide of, see Iodine — a. Liniment of, strong, 
 Linimentum ammonire fortius — a. Liquid, Liquor 
 Ammoniffi — a. Muriatica, Ammonire murias — a. 
 Nitrata, Ammonise nitras — a. Phosphate of, Am- 
 monise phosphas — a. Prseparata, Ammoniee car- 
 bonas — a. Pura liquida, Liquor ammoniae — a. 
 Solution of, Liquor ammonise — a. Solution of, 
 stronger, Liquor ammoniee fortior — a. Tartrate of, 
 Ammonise tartras. 
 
 AMMO'NIAC, GUM, Ammoru'acnm, (Ph. U. 
 S.) Gum'mi Ammoni'acum, Armoni'aciun, 3Iato'- 
 rium. (Y.) Ammoniac, Gomme ammoniaqve, so 
 called from Ammonia in Lybia, whence it is 
 brought. A gum-resin, the concrete juice of 
 Dore'ma ammoni'acum, of Persia: a species of a 
 genus allied to Ferula. It is in irregular, dry 
 masses and tears, yellow externally, whitish with- 
 in. Its odour is peculiar, and not ungrateful : 
 taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter. It forms a 
 white emulsion with water : is soluble in vinegar ; 
 partially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions of the 
 alcalies. 
 
 Gum ammoniacum is expectorant, deobstru- 
 ent (?) antispasmodic, diseutient, and resolvent. 
 It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity, 
 and in the formation of eertiiin plasters. 
 
 Two varieties are met with in the market, 
 Gnttm ammoni'aci, the best; and Lapis ammoni'- 
 aci, the more impure. 
 
 AMMONIAC^ NITRAS, Ammonise nitras— 
 a. Sulphas, Ammonia? sulphas. 
 
 AMMONIACUM, Ammonia, Ammoniac Gum 
 — a. Succinatum. Spiritus ammonia; foetidus — a. 
 Volatile mite, Ammouia3 carbonas. 
 
 AMMONIJE ACETAS, Liquor ammonise ace- 
 tatis — a. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia. 
 
 Ammo'ni.e Ben'zoas, Jlen'zoate of Ammonia. 
 A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid and 
 ammonia, which has been prescribed for the re- 
 moval of gouty depositions of urate of soda in 
 the joints. It is regarded as a good diuretic. 
 
 Ammonia Car'eonas, A. Sahcar'lonas, A. Ses- 
 quioar'honas, Salt of hones, Sal Os'sium, Salt of 
 ir.ood-soot, Sal Fulig"ini8, Salt of urine, Volatile 
 Sal Ammoniac, Baker's salt, Al'cali volat'ile 
 a'era'-tiun, A. volat'il-e amraoniaca'le, A. volat'ile 
 ex sale ammoni'aco, Ammoni'acum volat'ile mite, 
 Ammo'nium carhon'icum, A. subcarho'neum, Car- 
 honns ammo'nim alkali'nus sen incomple' tns sou 
 snperammoni' acHS, Hypocar'honas ammo' nia;, Flo- 
 res sails ammoni'aci, Sal cornu cervi volat'ile, 
 Sal volat'ilis sails ammoni'aci, Concrete volatile 
 alkali. Carbonate or Suhcarhonate of ammonia, 
 Amnto'nia prapara'ta, Sal volat'ile. Smelling salt, 
 (F.) Carhonate d'ammoniaqiie, Sel volatil d'An- 
 ffleterre, (Ammon. muriat. ft)j ; Creta Ibiss. Sub- 
 lime — Ph. U. S.) A white, striated, crystalline 
 mass; odour and taste pimgent and ammoniacal : 
 soluble in two parts of wat«r : insoluble in alco- 
 hol : effloresces in the air. It is stimulant, ant- 
 acid, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, gr. 
 
 T. to XV. 
 
 Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to form 
 effervescing di-aughts. One scruple saturates six 
 fluidrachms of lemon-juice, twenty-six grains of 
 5 
 
 crystallized tartaric acid, and twenty-six grains 
 of crystallized citric acid. 
 
 Ammonite Citras, Citrate of Ammo'nia. Made 
 by saturating lemon or lime juice, or a solution 
 of citric acid, with carbonate of ammonia. Dose, 
 fSss. 
 
 It may be made extemporaneously, and taken 
 in an effervescing state. Seventeen grains of 
 citric acid or half a fluidounce of lemon-jiiiee 
 will be sufficient for thii'teen grains of carbonate 
 of ammonia. 
 
 AmmonIjE CrPRO-suLPHAS, Cuprum ammo- 
 niatum. 
 
 Ammost-'E et Ferri Mtrias, Ferrum ammo- 
 niatiim — a. Ferro-citras, Ferri ammonio-citras — ■ 
 a. Hj-driodas, Ammonium, iodide of— a. Hydro- 
 sulphuretupi. Liquor fumans BoyHi — a. Hypoc-ar- 
 bouas, Ammonia; Carbonas. 
 
 Ammo'nia Mtj'rias, Mu'riate of Ammo'nia, 
 Hi/drocJilo' rate of Ammo'nia, Chloroht/drate of 
 Ammo'nia, Sal Ammoni' aciun, Sal Ammo'niac, 
 Sal Ammoni'acus, Ammo'nia Muriat'ica, Ammo'- 
 nium 3Jnria'tum, Hydrochlo'ras Ammo'nicB, Sal 
 Armoni'acum, Salmiac, Fuli'go Al'ba Philoso- 
 pho'rum, Misadir, (F.) Muriate d'Ammoniaque. 
 A saline concrete, formed by the combination of 
 muriatic acid with ammonia. In Egypt it is 
 manufactured in large quantities by subliming 
 the soot formed by burning camel's dung — 26 
 pounds of the soot yielding 6 pounds. It is also 
 prepared, in great quantities, by adding sulphuric 
 acid to the volatile alkali obtained from soot, 
 bones, &c., mixing this with common salt, and 
 subliming. 
 
 Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an 
 acrid, pungent, bitterish, and urinous taste. 
 Three parts of cold water dissolve one. Solu- 
 ble also in 4*5 parts of alcohol. It is aperient 
 and diuretic, but seldom used internally. Ex- 
 ternally, it is employed, producing cold during 
 its solution, in inflammations, &q. 
 
 Ammo'ni^e Nitras, Nitrate of Ammonia, AV- 
 Icali volat'ile nitra'tum. Sal ammoni' acus nitro'sus, 
 Ammo'nia nitra'ta, Nitras ammoni'aecB, Nitrum 
 famman-s, (F.) Nitrate d'Ammoniaque. A salt 
 composed of nitric acid and ammonia. It is diu- 
 retic and deobstruent. (?) Externally, it is dis- 
 eutient and sialogogue. 
 
 Ammo'xi^ Phosphas, PhospJiate of Ammo'nia, 
 (F.) Phosp>}>at€ d' Ammoniaque. This salt has been 
 recommended as an excitant, diaphoretic, and 
 diseutient. More recently, it has been proposed 
 as a new remedy for gout and rheumatism, as a 
 solvent of uric acid calculus, and for diseases, 
 acute and chronic, connected directly with the 
 lithie acid diathesis. 
 
 AjtMONi-E Sesquicareonas, a. carbonas. 
 Ammo'ni.e Sulphas, Sulphate of Ammo'nia, 
 Sulphas ammoni'aca, Ammo'nium sulphv'ricum, 
 Al'hali volat'ile vifriola'tum, Sal Ammoni'acvm 
 secre'tum GLArBERI, Sal sccre'tus Glatjberi, Vi- 
 triolum ammoniaca'le, (F.) Sulphate d'Ammoni- 
 aque. Formed bj' adding sulphuric acid either 
 to sal .ammoniac or to ammoniacal liquor. Its 
 properties are like those of the muriate of am- 
 monia, 
 
 Ammo'ni.e SuLPHTJRE'Trsr, SuVphuret of Am- 
 mo'nia, HydrosuV phuret of Ammo' nia. Ammo - 
 nium Stdfhydra'tum, HydrosuV 2)hc(s Ammonia, 
 Spir'itus Begxti'ni, Sp. fumans Begui'ni, Sul- 
 phure'tum ammoni'acm, Sp. salis ammoni'aci svl- 
 phnra'tna. Liquor ammo' nil hydrothi'odis. Hydro- 
 sulphur e'twn Ammo' nicum, Hydrarg. ammoniaca'- 
 le aquo'svm, Hydrog"eno-sidphure'tum ammoni'-^ 
 acts liq'nidum, Spir'itus sul'phuris volat'ilis, He- 
 par sulphuris rolat'ile, Bovi.e's or BECinNE's 
 fuming spiirit, CE.) Hydrosvlphate iulfure d'Am- 
 
AMMONIAQUE 
 
 66 
 
 AMPELOS 
 
 tnoniaqite, Liqueur fumante de BoYLE, Sulfure 
 hydrogfne d' Aramoniaque, Hydroaulfure d'Am- 
 moniaque. Odour very fetid; taste nauseous and 
 styptic ; colour dark yellowish green. It is re- 
 puted to be sedative, nauseating, emetic, disoxy- 
 genizing, (?) and has been given in diabetes and 
 diseases of increased escitement. Dose, gtt. viij. 
 
 to gtt. XX. 
 
 Ammo'ni^ Tartras, Al'hali volat'ile tartari- 
 za'tum, Sal Ammoni' aeum tarta'reum, Tar'tarus 
 <rmmo'ni/B, Tartrate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Tartrate 
 d' Ammoniaque. A salt composed of tartaric acid 
 and ammonia. It is diaphoretic and diuretic ; 
 but not much used. 
 
 AMMONIAQUE, Ammonia — a. Arseaiate d', 
 Arseniate of ammonia — a. HydroBidfure d' , Am- 
 moniee stilphnretum — a. Hydrosidfate suJ/ure d', 
 Ammoniaj sulphuretum — a. Liquide, Liquor am- 
 monise — a. Phof^phate d', Ammoniaj phosphas — 
 a. Sulfure hydrorje.ne d', Ammonias sulphuretum. 
 AMMONII lODIDUM, Ammonium, iodide of. 
 AifMOsn loDURETUM, Ammonium. iodide of. 
 AMMONIO-CUPRICUS SUESULPHAS, Cu- 
 prum ammoniatum. 
 
 AMMO'NION, from afiiios, 'sand.' An ancient 
 eollyrium of great virtues in many diseases of the 
 eye, and which was said to remove sand from 
 that organ. 
 
 AMMONIUM AESENICICUM, Arseniate of 
 ammonia — a. Carbonicum, Ammonias carbouas 
 — a. Hydroiodicum, Ammonium, iodide of — a. 
 Jodatum, Ammonium, iodide of. 
 
 Ammo'nium, I'odide of, lod'idum seu lodure'- 
 tuTii amnwnii, Ammonium loda'tum seu Hydro- 
 iod'icum, Hydri'odas ammo' nia, Hydri'odnte of 
 ammo'nia. This salt is formed by saturating 
 liquid hydriodic acid with caustic ammonia, and 
 evaporating the solution. It is applied in the 
 form of ointment (3J ad adipis 5J) in lepra, 
 psoriasis, &c. 
 
 Ammonium Muriaticum Martiatum sett Mar- 
 TiALE, Ferrum ammoniatum — a. Muriatum, Am- 
 monias murias — a. Subcarboneum, Ammoniae car- 
 bonas — a. Sulf hydratum. Ammonias sulphuretum 
 ■ — a. Sulphuricum, Ammonias sulphas. 
 
 AMNA ALCALIZATA, Water, mineral, sa- 
 line. 
 
 AMNEMOSTNE, Amnesia. 
 AMNE'SIA, Amtiest'ia, Amnemos'yne, from a, 
 privative, and jivriaii, 'memory.' Moria imheo"- 
 ilis amne'sia, Ohliv'io, RecoUeciio'nia jaetu'ra, 
 DyscBethe'nia inier'na, Dcbil'itas memo'rice, Me- 
 mo'ria dele'ta, (F.) Perte de Memoire, 'loss of 
 memory.' By some Nosologists, amnesia consti- 
 tutes a genus of diseases. By most, it is consi- 
 dered only as a symptom, which may occur in 
 many diseases. 
 
 AMNESTIA, Amnesia. 
 AMNI TIS, Amnitis. 
 
 AMNIOCLEP'SIS, from Amnios, and xXtirru, 
 ' I steal or take awa}' clandestinely.' Premature 
 escape of the liquor amnii. 
 
 AMNIORRHCE'A, from amnios, and piu,, 'I 
 flow.' A premature discharge of the liquor amnii. 
 AM'NIOS, Am'nion, Am'nium, llym'nium, 
 Chorta lirfjin'ea, Armatit'ra, Af/ni'na memhra'nn, 
 PeUu'cida memhra'na. Galea, Seepar'num, Jndu'- 
 gium, Amic'ulum, Mevthra'na foetuvi invol'veiis. 
 The innermost of the enveloping membranes of 
 the foetus : — so called because first observed in 
 the sheep, (?) a/ivo;, 'a sheep.' It is thin, trans- 
 parent, perspirable, and possesses man3' delicate, 
 colourless vessels, which have not been injected. 
 It is generally considered to be produced by a 
 fold of the external layer of the germinal mem- 
 t.T.ino. rising up, and gradually enveloping the 
 embryo. Its external surface is feebly united to 
 tbe cnorion bv areolar and vascular filaments. 
 
 Its inner surface is polished, and is in contact 
 with the body of the foetus and the liquor amnii. 
 
 AMNIOT'IC ACID, Ac"idv.m am'nicum vel 
 amniot'ieum. A peculiar acid, found by Vauque- 
 lin and Buniva in the liquor amnii of the cow. 
 
 AMNI'TIS, Amnii'iis, from Amnion and itis, 
 inflammation. Inilammation of the Amnion. 
 
 AMCENOMA'NIA, from amcenus, 'agreeable,' 
 and mania. A form of mania in which the hal- 
 lucinations are of an agreeable character. 
 
 AMOME FA TJX, Sison amomum. 
 
 AMO'MUM CARDAMO'MUM, A. repens sen 
 racemo'sum, A. verura, Alpin'ia cardamo'mum, 
 Ca,ro'pi, Mato'nia Cardamo' mum, Eletta'ria Car- 
 damo'mum, Cardamo'mum Minus, Lesser or offici- 
 nal Car'damom, (F.) Cardamome de la Cote de 
 Malabar, Cardamome. The seeds of this Ea£t 
 India plant have an agreeable, aromatic odour, 
 and a pungent, grateful taste. They are car- 
 minative and stomachic : but are chiefly used 
 to give warmth to other remedies. The fruit is 
 called Amomis. Dose, gr. v. to Qj. 
 
 Amomum Curcuma, Curcuma longa. 
 
 Amomum Galanga, Maranta G. 
 
 Amomum Granuji Paradi'si, Oardamo'rnttn 
 majus, Meleguet'ta, Maniguet'ta, Cardamo'mum 
 pipera'ivm, A. max'imum, (F.) Graines de Para- 
 dis. Greater cardamom seeds resemble the last 
 in properties. They are extremely hot, and not 
 much used. 
 
 Amomum Hirsutum, Costus — a. Montannra, 
 see Cassumuniar — a. Pimenta: see Myrtus pi- 
 menta — a. Pi.epens, A. cardamomum — a. Sylves- 
 tre, see Cassumuniar — a, Zedoaria, Kaempferia 
 rotunda— a. Zerumbet, see Cassumuniar. 
 
 AjroMUM Zin'giber, Zin'giber officina'le, Zin'- 
 giber album, Z. nigrum, Z. commu'ne, Zin'ziber, 
 Ginger, (F.) Gingembre. The white and black 
 ginger, Zin'ziber fuscum et album, are the rhizoma 
 of the same plant, Zin'giber officina'le, the dif 
 ference depending upon the mode of preparing 
 them. 
 
 The odour of ginger is aromatic ; taste warm 
 aromatic, and acrid. It yields its virtues U 
 alcohol, and in a great degree to water. It ii 
 carminative, stimulant, and sialogogue. 
 
 Preserved Ginger, Zingib'eris Radix Condi'ta, 
 Radix Zingib'eris condi'ta ex Indid alla'ta, is » 
 condiment which possesses all the virtues of 
 ginger. 
 
 Ginger-Beer Powders may be formed of white 
 »ugar, ^j. and ^ij. ginger, gr. v. subcarbonate of 
 soda. gr. xxxvj in each blue paper : acid of tar- 
 tar, Qiss in each white paper, — for half a pint of 
 water. 
 
 Oxley's Concentrated Essence of Jamaica Qxn~ 
 ger is a solution of ginger in rectified spirit. 
 
 AMOR, Love. 
 
 AMORGE, Amurea. 
 
 AMORPnUS, AnhistoTts, Anidens; 
 
 AMOSTEUS, Osteocolla. 
 
 AMOUR, Love — a. Physique, Appetite, ve- 
 nereal. 
 
 AMOUREUX (muscle.) Obliquus superior 
 oculi. 
 
 AMPAC, Amp'acus. An East India tree, tho 
 leaves of wliich have a strong odour, and are 
 used in baths as detergents. A very odoriferoua 
 resin is obtained from it 
 
 AMPAR, Pucdnum. 
 
 AMPELOCARPUS. G.ilium aparine. 
 
 AMPELOPRASUM, Allium. 
 
 AMPELOP'SIS QUINQUEFO'LIA, Virgin'- 
 ian Creeper, American Ivy, Fireleaved Ivy, 
 Woody Climber. An indigenous climbing plant. 
 Family. Vitaceae ; which flowers in July. It has 
 been advised as an expectorant. 
 
 AMPELOS, Vitis viuifcra — a, Agfia, Bryonia 
 
AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA 
 
 67 
 
 AMYGDALIN 
 
 alba — a. Id»a, Vaccinium Vitis Idasa — a. Oino- 
 phoros, Vitis vinifera- 
 
 AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia. 
 
 AMPHARIS'TEROS, AmhUcB'vus, 'awkward;' 
 from ajKpi, and apitrrspoj, ' the left.' Opposed to 
 ambidexter. 
 
 AMPHEMERINOS, Quotidian. 
 
 AMPHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
 
 AMPHI, aii<j)i, 'iDoth, around, on all sides.' 
 Ilence,^ a prefix in many of the following terms. 
 
 AMPHIAM, Opium. 
 • AMPHIARTHRO'SIS, from aii<pi, 'both,' and 
 ap^putrtf, ' articulation.' A mixed articulation, 
 in which the corresponding surfaces of bones are 
 united in an intimate manner by an intermediate 
 body, which allows, however, of some slight mo- 
 tion. Such is the junction of the bodies of the 
 vertebra3 by means of the intervertebral car- 
 tilages. This articulation has also been called 
 Diarthrose de Oontinuite. The motion it permits 
 is but slight, 
 
 AMPlilBLESTRODITIS, Retinitis. 
 
 AMPHIBLESTROIDES, Reticular. 
 
 AMPHIBLESTROMALA'CIA, from amphi- 
 hlestroV des (membrana) the retina, and ^oXaKia, 
 ' softening.' Mollescence or softening of the 
 retina. 
 
 AMPHIBRAN'CHIA, from a^(/.£, 'around,' 
 and ^payxKt, ' the throat.' Amphihron' chia. The 
 tonsils and neighbouring parts. — Hippocrates. 
 
 AMPHICAUSTIS, Vulva. 
 
 AMPHID'EUM, from aficJi, ' around,' and ^tw, 
 'I bind.' The outermost margin of the cervix 
 ut«ri ; the Labium uteri. 
 
 AMPHIDEXIUS, Ambidexter. 
 
 AMPHIDIARTHRO'SIS, from a/i^i, 'about,' 
 and OKip^-puo-i?, 'a moveable joint.' A name given 
 by Winslow to the temporo-maxUlary articula- 
 tion, because, according to that anatomist, it 
 partakes both of ginglymus and arthrodia. 
 
 AMPHIESMA CORDIS, Pericardium. 
 
 AMPHIMERIiSTA, Pertussis— a. Heetiea, Hec- 
 tic fever. 
 
 AMPHIMERINOS, Quotidian. 
 
 AMPHION, Maslaeh. 
 
 AMPHIPLEX, PerinsEum. 
 
 AMPHIPNEUxMA, Dyspnoea. 
 
 AMPHISMELA, Knife, double-edged. 
 
 AMPHISMILE, Knife, double-edged. 
 
 AMPHISPHAL'SIS, Gircumac'tio, Circum- 
 duc'tio, from aynpi, 'around,' and cnpaXXm, 'I wan- 
 der.' The movement of circumduction used in 
 reducing luxations. — Hippocrates. 
 
 AMPIIODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia. 
 
 AM'PHORA, per syncop. for ainpiipoptv?, from 
 aft<pi, ' on both sides,' and 0£pw, ' I bear :' because 
 it had two handles. A liquid measure among 
 the ancients, containing above seven gallons. 
 Also called Quadrant' al, Cera'miiim, Ceram' nium, 
 Oadus. 
 
 AMPHORIC RESPIRATION, see Cavernous 
 PiCspiration. 
 
 AMPKOTERODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia- 
 
 AMPHRODIPLOPIA, Diplopia. 
 
 AMPLEXATIO, Coition. 
 
 AMPLEXUS, Coition. 
 
 AMPLIFICATIO, Platynosis. 
 
 AMPLIOPIA, Amblyopia- 
 
 AMPOSIS, Anaposis. 
 
 AMPOULES, Essera. 
 
 AMPUL'LA, (L.) 'A bottle.' A membranous 
 bag, shaped like a leathern bottle. See Cavitas 
 Elliptica. In pharmacy, a receiver. 
 
 Ampulla Chylifera seu Chyli, Recepta- 
 culum ehyli. 
 
 AMPULLA, Phlyctsenae. 
 
 AMPUTATION, Amputa'tio, from amputare, 
 (am, 'around/ and putare,) 'to cut off.' Apotf- 
 
 ome, Apotom'ia. The operation of separating, by 
 means of a cutting instrument, a limb or a part 
 of a limb, or a projecting part, as the mamma, 
 penis, &.C., from the rest of the body. In tho 
 case of a tumour, the term excision, removal, or 
 ea;<i;'^ati!'on,(F.)i?esec<iO)!, is more commonly used. 
 
 Amputatiox, Circular, is that in which the 
 integuments and muscles are divided circularly. 
 
 Amputation, Flap, (F.) A. d lambeaux, is when 
 one or two flaps are left so as to cover the stump, 
 when the limb has been removed. 
 
 Amputation, Joint, Exarticida'tio, (F.) A. 
 dans I'article ou dans la contiguite des memhres, 
 is when the limb is removed at an articulation. 
 
 Each amputation requires a different process, 
 which is described in works on operative surgery. 
 
 Amputation, Spontaneous, See Spontaneous.. 
 
 AMULET, Amuletum. 
 
 AMULETTE, Amuletum. 
 
 AMULE'TUM, irom. amoliri, 'to remove.' An 
 Amidet, Periam'ma, Apotropcs'wn, Periap'tan, 
 Phylacte'rion, Apoteles' ma, Exarte'ma, Alexica'- 
 eum, Preeservati' vu7n, Probasca'nium, Probascan' - 
 tium, (F.) Amidette, Any image or substanca 
 worn about the person for the purpose of pre- 
 venting disease or danger. 
 
 AMUR'CA, Anuir'ga, anopyrj. The marc or 
 grounds remaining after olives have been crushe<l 
 and deprived of their oil. It has been used as 
 an application to ulcers. 
 
 AMURGA, Amurca. 
 
 AM USA, Musa Paradisiaca, 
 
 A'MYCE, Amycha, Amy'xis. Excoriation, Sca- 
 rification. 
 
 AMYCHA, Amyce. 
 
 AMYC'TICA, from afitxro-u, 'I lacerate,' Me- 
 dicines which stimulate and vellicate the skin. — 
 Ceelius Aurelianus. 
 
 AMYDRIASIS, Mydriasis. 
 
 AMYEL'IA, from a, privative, and nvi\o(, 
 'marrow.' A monstrous formation, in which 
 there is an absence of spinal marrow. 
 
 AMY^'G'DALA, same etj'mon as Amyctiea; 
 because there seem to be fissures in the shell. 
 The Almond, of which there are two kinds ,• 
 Amyq' dalcB ama'rm and A. dulceS, (F.) Amandeg 
 ameres, and A. donees, obtained from two varie- 
 ties of Amyg'dalus communis or A. sati'va, a 
 native of Barbary. Nat, Ord. Amygdalese. Sex. 
 Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. 
 
 The taste of Amygdala dulcis is soft and sweet} 
 that 0? A. amara, bitter. Both yield, by expres- 
 sion, a sweet, bland oil. The bitter almond con- 
 tains Prussic acid. They are chiefly used for 
 forming emulsions. 
 
 Amyg'daLjE Pasta, Almond Paste, a cosmetic 
 for softening the skin and preventing chaps, is 
 made of bitter almonds, blanched, ^iv, loJiite of 
 one egg ; rose water, and rectified spirit, equal 
 parts, or as much as is suflicient. 
 
 Amyg'dal^ Placen'ta, Almond Cake, is the 
 cake left after the expression of the oil. The 
 ground Almond Cake, Almond. Powder, Fari'na 
 Amygdala' mm, is used instead of soap for wash- 
 ing the hands. 
 
 Amygdala, Tonsil. Also, a lobule or promi- 
 nence of the cerebellum, so called from its resem- 
 blance to an enlarged tonsil. This and its fellow 
 of the opposite side form the lateral boundaries 
 of the anterior extremity of the valley, and are 
 in great part covered by the medulla oblongata. 
 The Amygdalae are seated on either siae of the 
 uvula, in the fourth ventricle. 
 
 AM\''GDALATUM, Emulsio Amygdalas. 
 
 AMYGDALE, Tonsil. 
 
 AMYG'DALIN, Amygdali'num, AmygdaWrHft 
 Amyg'daline. A principle contained in bittc* 
 almonds, which is prepared by pressing tho 
 
AMYGDALITIS 
 
 68 
 
 ANACOLLEMA 
 
 oruised almonds between heated plates to sepa- 
 rate the fat oil ; boiling the residue in alcohol ; 
 evaporating, and treating with ether, which pre- 
 cipitates the amygdaline in a crystalline powder. 
 A weak solution of it, under the influence of a 
 small quantity of emulsin or synaptase, which 
 constitutes the larger portion of the pulp of al- 
 monds, yields at once oil of bitter almonds and 
 hydrocyanic acid. 
 
 AMYGDALITIS, Cynanehe tonsillaris. 
 AMYGDALUS, see Amygdala. 
 Amygdalus Communis, see Amygdala. 
 Ami'g'dalus Per'sica, Per'sica vidgn'ris. The 
 common peach-tree, (F.) Peeher. The leaves and 
 ilowers hare been considered laxative. They are 
 bitter and aromatic, and have been given iii has- 
 maturia, nephritis, &c. The fruit is one of the 
 pleasant and wholesome summer fruits, when 
 ripe. The kernels, Amyg'dala Per'sica, as well 
 as the flowers, contain prussic acid. 
 
 PeacTi Brandy is distilled from the fruit, and 
 is much used in the United States. 
 AMYGMOS, Scarification. 
 AMYLA'CEA {remedia),iroTQ. amyhm, 'starch.' 
 Kemedies whose chief medicinal constituent is 
 staroh. 
 
 AMYLEOIST, Amylum. 
 
 AMYLI lODIDUM, Starch, iodide of— a. 
 loduretum. Starch, iodide of. 
 
 A'MYLUM, A'midum, Fec'ida, Amyl'eon, 
 Amyl'ion, from a, priv., and fivXri, *a mill,' be- 
 cause made without a mill. Stare h, (F.) Amidon, 
 Amy Ion, Starch of Wheat, Fari'na, Trit' ici fari' - 
 na, Amylum triti"ceimi seu Trit'ici, Fec'tda Amy- 
 la'cea, is inodorous and insipid, white and fria- 
 ble. It is insoluble in cold water and alcohol, 
 but forms with boiling water a strong, semi-trans- 
 parent jelly. It is demulcent, and is used as an 
 emollient glyster, and as the vehicle for opium, 
 when given per anum. Starch is met with abun- 
 dantly in all the cereal grains, in the stalks of 
 many of the palms, in some lichens, and in many 
 tuberous roots, particularly in the bulbs of the 
 orchis. 
 
 Amylum Americantjm, see Arrow root — a. Can- 
 naceum, Tous-les-mois — a. lodatum, Starch, 
 iodide of — a. Manihoticum, see Jatropha mani- 
 hot — a. Marantaceum, Arrow-root — a. Palma- 
 ceum, Sago — a. Querneum, Racahout. 
 
 A'MYON, from a, priv., and fivov, ' a muscle,' 
 JEmuscula'tus. Without muscle. Applied to the 
 limbs, when so extenuated that the muscles can- 
 not be distinguished. 
 AMYOSIS, Synezizis. 
 AMYRIS COMMIPHORA, see Bdellium. 
 Am'yeis Elbmif'erA, (F.) Balsamier Elemi- 
 fh-e. JS(at. Ord. Terebinthaceee. Sex. Syst. 
 Octandria Monogynia. The plant whence it has 
 been supposed Gum Ele'mi is obtained. This 
 gum or resin is brought from the Spanish East 
 and "West Indies. Brazilian Elemi, according 
 to Dr. Royle, is produced by Idea Icicariha; 
 Jlexican Elemi, by Ela'phrium elemiferum; and 
 Manilla Elemi, by Cana'rium commii'ne. It is 
 eoftish, transparent, of a pale whitish colour, in- 
 clining a little to green, and of a strong, though 
 not unpleasant smell. It is only used in oint- 
 joents and plasters, and is a digestive. 
 
 Amykis Gilbadensis, see A. opobalsamum. 
 Am'yris Opobal'samum, (F.) Balsamier de la 
 Mecque, Bal'sem, Bal'samum. The plant from 
 which is obtained the Balsam of Mecca, Bal'- 
 mimum gcnui'num antiqvo'rnm, Bahamela' on, 
 ^Erjyptiacum Bal'samum, Bal'samum Asiat'icitm, 
 li. juda'icum, B. Syriacum, B. e 3Ieccd, Cocn- 
 hoVaamum, B. Alpi'ni, Oleum Bal'sami, Opohal'- 
 *<xmum^ Xylobal'samurh, Balsam or Balm of Gi- 
 
 lead, (F.) Baume Blanc, B. de Constantinople 
 hlanc, B. de Galaad, B. du Grand Oaire, B. Vrai, 
 Terihinthine de Gilead, T. d'Egypte, T. du Grand 
 Kaire, T. de Judee. A resinous juice obtained 
 by making incisions into Amyris opohal'samvm 
 and A. Gileaden'sis otJAnnssuSjBalsamaden'dron 
 Gileaden'se of Kunth. The juice of the fruit is 
 called OarpohaV samum ; that of the wood and 
 branches XylohaV samum. It has the general 
 properties of the milder Terebinthinates. 
 
 Amyris Tomentosum, Fagara octandra. 
 
 AMYRON, Carthamus Tinctorius. 
 
 A'MYUS, from a, privative, and jivs, 'a mouse, 
 a muscle.' "Weak or poor in muscle. 
 
 AMYX'IA, from a, privative, and jiv^a, 'mu- 
 cus.' Deficiency of mucus. 
 
 AMYXIS, Amyce, Scarification. 
 
 ANA, ava, a word which signifies 'of each.' 
 It is used in prescriptions as well as a and aa, its 
 abbreviations. As a prefix to words, it means 
 ' in,' ' through,' ' upwards,' ' above,' in opposition 
 to cataj also 'repetition,' like the English re. 
 Hence, — 
 
 ANAB'ASIS, from ava^aivu, ' 1 ascend.' The 
 first period of a disease, or that of increase. — 
 Galen. See Augmentation. 
 
 ANABEXIS, Expectoration. 
 
 ANABLEP'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and /JXettu, 
 'I see.' Restoration to sight. 
 
 ANABOLiE'ON, Anabole'us, from ava^aWoi, 'I 
 cast up.' An ointment for extracting darts or 
 other extraneous bodies. 
 
 ANAB'OLE, from ava, 'upwards,' and /JaXXi*. 
 'I cast.' Anago'ge, Anaph'ora, Anacine'ma. 
 Anacine'sis. An evacuation upwards. An act 
 by which certain matters are ejected by the 
 mouth. In common acceptation it includes, ex- 
 spuition, expectoration, regurgitation, and vomit- 
 ing. 
 
 ANABROCHIS'MUS, Anahron'chismus, from 
 ava, 'with,' and lipoxo;, 'a running knot.' An 
 operation for removing the eye-lashes, for exam- 
 ple, when they irritate the eye, by means of a 
 hair knotted around them — Hippocrates, Galen, 
 Celsus, &c. 
 
 ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus. 
 ' ANABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion. 
 
 ANACAMPSEROS, Sedum telephium. 
 
 ANACAR'DIUM OCCIDENTA'LE, Acajuba 
 oceidenta'lis, Gassu'vium pomif'erum. Cashew 
 ( W. Indies.) (F.) Ae'ajou. JVat. Ord. Terebin- 
 thacese. Sex. Syst. Enneandria Monogynia. 
 The Oil of the Cashew Nut, O'leum Anacar'dii. 
 (F.) Huile d' Acajou, is an active caustic, and used 
 as such in the countries where it grows, especially 
 for destroying warts, <fcc. 
 
 Anacardium Orientale, Avieennia tomen- 
 tosa. 
 
 ANACATHAR'SIS, from ava, 'upwards,' and 
 Kabaiptiv, ' to purge.' Purgation upwards. Ex- 
 pectoration. See, also, Repurgatio. 
 
 Anacatharsis Catarrhalis Simplex, Ca- 
 
 ANACATHARTICUS, Expectorant. 
 
 ANACESTOS, Incurable. 
 
 ANACHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
 
 ANACHRON, Soda. 
 
 ANAGINEMA, Anabole, Exspuition. 
 
 ANACINESIS, Anabole, Exspuition. 
 
 ANACLASIS, Repercussion. 
 
 ANACLINTE'RIUM, Anadin'trum, Becvhi- 
 to'rium, from ava/tXii'u, *I recline.' A long chnir 
 or seat, so formed that the person can rest in a 
 reclining posture. 
 
 ANACLINTRUM, Anaelinterium. 
 
 ANACOLLE'MA, from ava, 'together, and 
 KoXXuio, ' I glue.' A healing medicine. 
 
 Anacollemata, Frontal bandages. 
 
ANACOLUPPA 
 
 ANANAS 
 
 ANACOLUP'PA. A creeping plant of Mala- 
 bar, the juice of which, mixed with powdered 
 pepper, passes in India as a cure for epilepsy, 
 and as the only remedy for the hite of the naja. 
 It is supposed to be Zapa'nia nodijio'ra. 
 
 ANACOLUTHIE, Incoherence. 
 
 ANACOMIDE, Restauratio. 
 
 ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism. 
 
 ANACONCHYLISMUS, Gargarism. 
 
 ANACTESIS, Restauratio. 
 
 ANACTIRION, Artemisia. 
 
 ANACYCLEON, Charlatan. 
 
 ANACYCLUS OFFICINARUM, see Anthe- 
 mis Pyrethrum — a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyre- 
 thrum. 
 
 ANADESMUS, Fascia. 
 
 ANADIPLO'SIB, from ava, 'again,' and hiiKoiji, 
 'I double.' Epanadiplo'sis, Epanalep'sis, Hedu- 
 plica'tio. The redoubling which occurs in a 
 paroxysm of an intermittent, when its type is 
 double. — Galen, Alexander of Tralles. 
 
 ANADORA, Ecdora. 
 
 ANAD'OSIS, from avah&difii, 'I distribute.' 
 Purgation upwards, as by vomiting. Congestion 
 of blood towards the upper parts of the body. 
 Anadosis seems also to have occasionally meant 
 chylification, whilst diadosis meant capillary nu- 
 trition, — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 ANAD'ROME, from ava, 'upwards,' and Spejiia, 
 ' I run.' The transport of a humour or pain from 
 a lower to an upper part. — Hippocr. Also, the 
 globus hystericus. 
 
 AN^DCE'US, from av, privative, and aiSoia, 
 'organs of generation.' A monster devoid of 
 sexual organs. 
 
 ANiEMATOPOIE'SIS, from a, av, privative, 
 'atfia, 'blood,' and Troaia, 'I make.' Impeded or 
 obstructed hsematosis. 
 
 AN^MATO'SIS, AnTicBmato'sis, from a, av, 
 privative, and 'atfia, ' blood.' Defective haema- 
 tosis or preparation of the blood. Anaamia. 
 
 AN^'MIA, Exa'mia, Anm'niasis, Anhm'mia, 
 Anhcbmato'sis, Polyanhce'mi'a, Ancemo'sts, Oligce'- 
 mia, OligohoB'mia, HypcB'mia, Hydrorn'mia, Hy- 
 drm'mia, Ane'mia, (P.) Anemie, Polyanheinie, 
 Hydrohemie, Exsanguinity, Bloodlessness : from 
 a, priv., and 'atjia, ' blood.' Privation of blood ; 
 — the opposite to plethora. It is characterized 
 by every sign of debility. Also, diminished quan- 
 tity of fluids in the capillary vessels : — the oppo- 
 site to HypercBmia. — The essential character of 
 the blood in anamia is diminution in the ratio 
 of red corpuscles. 
 
 ANjSI'MIC, Anem'ic, Ance'inicus ; same ety- 
 mon. Appertaining to Anemia, — as an " ancBmic 
 person ;" " ancBunic urine." 
 
 ANiEMOCH'ROUS, from a, av, privative, 'ai/za, 
 'blood,' and ;^poa, 'colour.' Devoid of colour, 
 pale. 
 
 AN^MOSIS, Anemia. 
 
 AN^MOT'ROPHY, Anmmotroph'ia: from av, 
 privative, 'aiiia, 'blood,' and Tpo(pn, 'nourish- 
 ment.' A deficiency of sanguineous nourishment. 
 — Prout. 
 
 AN^MYDRIA, Anhydrsemia. 
 
 AN^STHE'SIA, AncBsthe' sis, Insensibil'itas, 
 Analge'sia, Parap'sis expers, (F.) Anesthene : 
 from a, privative, and aicdavofiai, 'I feel.' Pri- 
 vation of sensation, and especially of that of touch, 
 according to some. It may be general or partial, 
 and is almost always symptomatic. 
 
 Anesthesia Linguje, Ageustia — a. Olfactoria, 
 Anosmia. 
 
 AN^STHESIS, Anesthesia. 
 
 AN^STHET'IC, Anesthet'ic, AncBsthet'icus, 
 Anesthesi'que ; same etymon, as Anasthesia. Re- 
 lating to privation of feeling, as an " ancBsthetic 
 agent;" one that prevents feeling, as chloroform 
 
 inhaled during a surgical operation. Different 
 agents have been used as anaesthetics, — sulphuric 
 ether, chloroform, chloric ether, compound ether, 
 chlorohydric and nitric ethers, bisulphuret of 
 carbon, chloride of olefiant gas, benzin, alde- 
 hyde, light coal-tar naphtha, &c. ; but the ti^s^ 
 four are alone employed as agents. 
 
 AN^STHETIZA'TION, (F.) AnestUtisation,' 
 same etymon. The condition of the nervous sys- 
 tem induced by anaesthetics. 
 
 AN^STHISIA, Insensibility. 
 
 ANAGAL'LIS, from ava, and ya\a, 'milk, 
 from its power of coagulating milk. A. arven'eie, 
 A. Plioenic"ea, Red Pim'pernel, Scarlet Pimper- 
 nel. Nat. Ord. Primulaceaj. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tan dria Monogynia. (F.) Mouron rouge. A 
 common European plant j a reputed antispasmo- 
 dic and stomachic. 
 
 Another species — Anagal'lis coeru'lea is a mere 
 variety of the above. 
 
 Anagallis Aquatica, Veronica Beccabunga. 
 
 ANAGARGALICTON, Gargarism. 
 
 ANAGARGARISMUS, Gargarism. 
 
 ANAGARGARISTON, Gargarism. 
 
 ANAGLYPHE, Calamus scriptorius. 
 
 ANAGOGE, Anabole, Rejection. 
 
 ANAGRAPHE, Prescription. 
 
 ANAG'YRIS, Anag'yrus, Ac'opon, Anag'yria 
 'foe'tida. Stinking Bean Trefoil. Native of Italy. 
 The leaves are powerfully purgative. The juice 
 is said to be diuretic, and the seeds emetic. — Di- 
 oscorides, Paulus. 
 
 ANAGYRUS, Anagyris. 
 
 ANAL, Ana'lis. That which refers to the 
 anus ; — as Anal region, &c. 
 
 ANAL'DIA, (F.) Analdie ; from a, privative, 
 and a\luv, 'to grow.' Defective nutrition. 
 
 ANALEMSIA, Analepsia. 
 
 ANALENTIA, Analepsia. 
 
 ANALEP'SIA, Analep'sis, Analen'tia, Ana- 
 lem'sia, from ava, 'fresh,' and \aij(3avctv, 'to take." 
 Restoration to strength after disease. — Galen. . A 
 kind of sympathetic epilepsy, originating from 
 gastric disorder. See Epilepsy. 
 
 Also, the support given to a fractured extre- 
 mity ; — Apipen'sio. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANALEPSIS, Convalescence, Restauratio. 
 
 ANALEP'TICA, Anapsyc'tica, Psychot'ica, 
 Refecti'va, Rejicien'tia, Analep'tics, same ety- 
 mon. Restorative medicines or food; such as 
 are adapted to recruit the strength during con- 
 valescence : — as sago, salep, tapioca, jelly, &c. 
 
 Analeptic Pills, James's, consist of James'a 
 Powder, Gum, Ammoniacum, and Pills of Aloea 
 and Myrrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Castor, 
 sufficient to form a mass. 
 
 ANALGE'SIA, Anal'gia, from a, priv., and 
 a\yog, 'pain.' Absence of pain both in health 
 and disease. See Anaesthesia. 
 
 ANALGIA, Analgesia. 
 
 AN'ALOGIJE, Anal'ogua ; from ava, 'again,' 
 and Aoyof, ' a description.' A part in one orga- 
 nized being which has the same function as ano- 
 ther part in another organized being. 
 
 ANALOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues. 
 
 ANALOSIS, Atrophy. 
 
 ANALTESIS, Restauratio. 
 
 ANALTHES, Incurable. 
 
 ANAMIRTA COCCULUS, Menispermum coo 
 cuius — a. Paniculata, Menispermum cocculus. 
 
 ANAMNES'TIC, Anamnes'trcum, from ava, 
 'again,' and nvaofxai, 'I remember.' A medicine 
 for improving the memory. See, also, Comme.. 
 morative. 
 
 ANANAS, Bromelia ananas — a.. Aeuleata, Bro- 
 melia ananas — a. Americana, Bromelia pinguin 
 — a. Ovata, Bromelia ananas — "VVUd, broaJ 
 leaved, Bromelia pinguin. 
 
ANANAZIPTA 
 
 n 
 
 ANASTOMOSIS 
 
 ANANAZIP'TA. A word formerly scrawled 
 on amulets to charm away disease. 
 
 ANANDRI'A, from a, av, privative, and avn(), 
 ' a man.' Want of manliness. Impotence in the 
 male. The state and act of emasculation. 
 
 ANANEO'SIS, Jienova'tio; from ava, 'again/ 
 and vcog, 'new.' Renovation or renewal, — as of 
 the blood by the chyliferoua vessels and lym- 
 phatics. 
 
 ANAPETI'A, Expan'sio mea'tuum, from ava, 
 and -rcraw, '1 dilate.' A state opposite to the 
 closure of vessels — Galen. 
 
 ANAPHALANTI'ASIS,J[?iap^a;an<o'ma,from 
 avacpaXavTiag, ' bald.' Loss of the hair of the eye- 
 brows. Also, baldness in general. 
 
 ANAPHALANTOMA, Anaphalantiasis. 
 
 ANAPHB, Anaphia. 
 
 ANAPH'IA, AiiJiaph'ia, An'aphe, from a, av, 
 ])riv., and 'a(prj, 'touch.' Diminution or privation 
 of the sense of touch. 
 
 ANAPHLASMUS, Masturbation. 
 
 ANAPHONE'SIS, from ava, 'high,' and ^uv*?, 
 'voice.' Exercise of the voice: vociferation: — 
 the act of crying out. Vocifera'tio, Glamor. 
 
 ANAPHORA, Anabole. 
 
 ANAPHRODIS'IA, from a, priv., and A0po- 
 iirrj, 'Venus,' Befec'tua Ven'eris, Absence of the 
 venereal appetite. Sometimes used for Impotence 
 and Sterility. 
 
 ANAPHRODISIAC, Antaphrodisiac. 
 
 ANAPHROMELI, Mel despumatum. 
 
 ANAP'LASIS, Anaplasmus, from avairXatraw, 
 'I restore.' Oonfirma' tio, Reposi"tio. Restora- 
 tion. Union or consolidation of a fractured bone 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANAPLASMATIC, Anaplastic. 
 
 ANAPLASMUS, Anaplasis. 
 
 ANAPLAS'TIC, Anaplas' ticus ; same etymon. 
 An epithet applied to the art of restoring lost 
 T>arts, or the normal shape — as ' Anaplastic Sur- 
 gery.' See Morioplastice. Also an agent, that 
 increases the amount of plastic matter — fibrin — 
 in the blood ; Anaplasmat'ic. 
 
 ANAPLERO'SIS, from avaTrXrpoo), 'I fill up.' 
 Repletion. That part of surgical therapeutics 
 whose object is to supply parts that are wanting. 
 Also, Apposition or Prosthesis. 
 
 ANAPLEROTICUS, Incarnans. 
 
 ANAPLEU'SIS, Fluctua'tio, Innata'tio, from 
 avaitXuv, 'to swim above.' The looseness or 
 shaking of an exfoliated bone ; or of a carious or 
 other tooth, &c. — Hippocrates, Paulus. 
 
 ANAPLOSIS, Growth. 
 
 ANAPNEUSIS, Respiration. 
 
 ANAPNOE, Respiration. 
 
 ANAPNOENU'SI; from Anapnoe, 'respira- 
 tion,' and vovgoi, disease.' Diseases of the re- 
 spiratory organs. 
 
 ANAPNOMETER, Spirometer. 
 
 ANAPODISIS UTERI, Retroversio Uteri. 
 
 ANAPODISMUS UTERI, Retroversio Uteri. 
 
 ANAPODOPHYLLUM CANADENSE, Podo- 
 phyllum peltatum. 
 
 ANAP'OSIS, Am'posis, from ava, 'again,' and 
 irotrjc, ' drink.' A recession of humours from the 
 circumference to the centre of the body — Hippo- 
 
 ANAPSE, Auante. 
 
 xiNAPSIA, Caecitas. 
 
 ANAPSYCTICA, Analeptica. 
 
 ANAPTYSIS, Expectoration. 
 
 ANAPTYXIS. Growth. 
 
 ANAROOTINA, Narcotine. 
 
 ANARRHEGNU'MINA, from avappvyvviit, 'I 
 l>ieak out again.' Fractures are so called when 
 ihey become disunited; as well as ulcers when 
 they break out afresh. 
 
 ANARRHI'NON, from iva, 'upwards/ and 
 
 piv, ' the nose.' That which returns by the nose 
 — Gorrseus. 
 
 According to others, that which issues by the 
 skin; from ava, and pivo;, 'the skin.' 
 
 ANARRHINUM, Sternutatory. 
 
 ANARRHOE, Anarrhoea. 
 
 ANARRHCE'A, Anar'o-hoe, AnarrJio'pia, 
 Anas'tasis, from a-ja, 'upwards,' and pew, 'I flow.' 
 Afflux of fluid towards the upper part of the- 
 body. 
 
 ANARRHOPHE, Absorption. 
 
 ANARRHOPHENU'SI ; from anarrhopJie, 
 ' absorption,' and vovaos, ' disease.' Diseases of 
 the absorbents. 
 
 ANARRHOPHESIS, Absorption. 
 
 ANARRHOPIA, Anarrhoja. 
 
 ANAR'THRUS, from av, priv., and ap^pov, ' a 
 joint.' AVithout a joint. One who is so fat that 
 his joints are scarcely perceptible — Hipp. 
 
 ANASAR'CA, from ava, 'through/ and aap^, 
 ' the flesh.' Anasarch' a, Cataaar'ca, Aqua inter- 
 ctcs seu inter cittern, Hyposar' ca. Hydrops celln- 
 la'ria totius cor'j>oris, H. Anasar'ca, H. inter'cits 
 seu suhcuta'neua seu eellulo'sns seu euta'nciis seu 
 tela cellnlo' s(B, Kataaar'ca, Ejnsarcid'iivm, Hy'- 
 deros, Hydaton'cus, Hyderon'cus, Hydron'cus, 
 Hydrosar'ca, Hydroder'ma, Mydrop'isis vera, 
 Sar'cites, Polylym'phia, Hyposarcid' ius, Leuco- 
 plilegma' tia, General dropsy. Dropsy of the cel- 
 lular membrane, (F.) Anasarqtie. Commonly, it 
 begins to manifest itself by swelling around the 
 ankles; and is characterized by tumefaction of 
 the limbs and of the soft parts covering the ab- 
 domen, thorax, and even the face, with paleness 
 and dryness of the skin, and pitting when any 
 of these (especially the ankles) are pressed upon. 
 Like dropsy in general. Anasarca may be active 
 or passive; and its treatment must be regulated 
 by the rules that are applicable to general dropsy. 
 At times, the symptoms are of an acute character, 
 and the effusion sudden, constituting Derma- 
 toch'ysis, Hydrops Anasar'ca acu'tiis, CEde'vra 
 cal'idum, CE. acu'tum, (E. febri'le of some. See 
 Hydrops. 
 
 Anasarca .HYSTEKictrir, Anathymiasis — a. 
 Pulmonum, Hydropneumonia, ffidema of the 
 Lungs — a. Serosa, Phlegm atia dolens. 
 
 ANASARCHA, Anasarca. 
 
 ANASARQUE, Anasarca. 
 
 ANASISMUS, Concussion. 
 
 ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiseus. 
 
 ANASPA'DIAS, Epispa'dias, from ava, 'up- 
 wards,' and ciraut, ' I draw.' One whose urethra 
 opens on the upper surface of the penis. 
 
 ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadiseus. 
 
 ANASPADISMUS, see Anaspadi^us. 
 
 ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'vs, from avatrrato, 'I 
 contract.' Retrac'tio. Contraction, especially of 
 the bowels. The condition is called Anasjm'din, 
 Anaspad'isis, and Anaspadis'mns — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANASPASMUS, Anaspasis. 
 
 ANASSA, Bromelia ananas. 
 
 ANASTiTLTICA, Styptics. 
 
 ANASTASIS, Anarrhoea. Also, restoration 
 from sickness. Convalescence. 
 
 ANASTCECHEIO'SIS, from ava, 'again/ and 
 oTotyciov, 'element.' Reelementa'tio. Resolu- 
 tion of a body or its parts into their elements — 
 Galen. 
 
 ANASTOMO'SIS, from ava, 'with/ and oro/ua, 
 'a mouth.' Inoseula'tio seu Rcu'nio vaso'ntm, 
 Exanastomo'sis, Concur'sns, (F.) Ahonchement. 
 Communication between two vessels. By consi- 
 dering the nerves to be channels, in which a 
 nervous fluid circulates, their communication like- 
 wise has been called Anastomosis. 'Ry means of 
 anastomoses, if the course of a fluid be arrested 
 in one vessel, it can proceed along others. 
 
ANASTOMOTICS 
 
 71 
 
 ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA 
 
 Ajtastomosis Aneurismatica, Telangiectasia 
 ■ — a. Jaeobson's ; — see Petrosal ganglion. 
 
 ANASTOMOT'ICS, Anastomot'ica. Same ety- 
 mon. Certain medicines were formerly so called, 
 which were believed to be capable of opening the 
 mouths of vessels : — as aperients, diuretics, Ac. 
 
 ANASTOMOT'ICUS MAGNUS, (RAMUS,) 
 (F.) Artere collaterale interne, A. coUaterale du 
 coude, is a branch of the brachial artery which 
 comes off a little above the elbow, and bestows 
 branches to the brachialis internus, to the under 
 edge of the triceps, and to the muscles, ligaments, 
 <fcc., about the elbow joint. See, also, Articular 
 arteries of the knee. 
 
 ANA STROPHE UTERI, Inversio uteri. 
 
 ANATASIS, Extension. 
 
 ANATHYMIAMA, Anathymiasis. 
 
 ANATHYMI'ASIS, Anathymi'ama, from ava, 
 'upwards,' and Qvfia, 'fumigation.' CEde'mafu- 
 gax, CEde'ma spa-s'tieum, Qjjde'ma hyster' icum, 
 Anasar'ca hyster'icwn. An uncertain and tran- 
 sient swelling or inflation, said to have been ob- 
 served at times in nervous and hysterical per- 
 sons. It also means Exhalation, Fumigation, and 
 Hypochondriasis. 
 
 ANATOLE UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
 
 ANATOME, Anatomy — a. Animata, Physi- 
 ology. 
 
 AN ATOMIA, Anatomy — a. Animalis, Zootomy 
 — a. Comparata, Zootomy — a. Comparativa, Zo- 
 otomy — a. Viva, Physiology. 
 
 ANATOMIE, Anatomy — a. Chirurgicale, see 
 Anatomy — a. des Jtegions, see Anatomy. 
 
 ANAT'OMIST, Anatom'icm. One who oc- 
 cupies himself with anatomy. One versed in 
 Anatomy. 
 
 ANAT'OMY, Anat'ome, Anatom'ia, Prosec'tio, 
 from ava, and Tejtvuv, 'to cut,' (P.) Anatomie. 
 The word Anatomy properly signifies dissection ; 
 but it has been appropriated to the study and 
 knowledge of the number, shape, situation, struc- 
 ture, and connexion,— in a word, of all the appa- 
 rent properties of organized bodies. Anatomy is 
 the science of organization. Some have given the 
 term a still more extended acceptation, applying 
 it to every mechanical decomposition, even of in- 
 organic bodies. Thus, Crystallography has been 
 termed the Anatomy of crystallized minerals. 
 Anatomy has also been called 3Iorphol'ogy, So- 
 matol'ogy, Somatot'omy, OrganoVogy, &c. It as- 
 sumes different names according as the study is 
 confined to one organized being, or to a species or 
 class of beings. Tlhns, Androt' omy , or Anthropot' - 
 omy, or Anthropog'raphy, or Antkropoeomatol'ogy, 
 is the Ariatomy of man: — Zootomy, that of the o^her 
 species of the animal kingdom : and Vef'erinary 
 Anat'omy is the anatomy of domestic animals : 
 but when the word is used abstractly, it means 
 human Anatomy, and particularly the study of 
 tlie organs in a physiological or healthy state. 
 Physiological Anatomy is occasionally used to 
 signify the kind of anatomy which investigates 
 structure with a special view to function. The 
 Anatomy of the diseased human body is called 
 Pa,tholog"ical or Morhid Anatomy, and when ap- 
 plied to Medical Jurisprudence, Foren'sic Anat- 
 omy. Several of the organs possessing a simi- 
 larity of structure, and being formed of the same 
 tissues, they have been grouped into Systems or 
 Genera of Organs ; and the study of, or acquaint- 
 ance with, such systems, has been called General 
 Anat'omy, Histol'ogy, or llorphot'omy, whilst the 
 etudy of each organ in particular has been termed 
 Descriptive Anatomy. Histology is, however, more 
 frequently applied to the Anatomy of the Tissues, 
 which is called, also, Tex'tural and Microscopic 
 Anatomy. Descriptive Anatomy has been di- 
 vided into Skeletol'ogy which comprises OsteoV- 
 
 ogy, and SyndesmoV ogy ; and into SarcoVogy, 
 which is subdivided into Myol'ogy, JVeurol'ogy, 
 Angiol'ogy, Adenol'ogy, Sphinchnol'ogy, andJjer- 
 mol'ogy. Sur'gical Anat'omy, 3fed ico-Chiurgicul 
 Anatomy, TopograjMical Anat'omy, lie'gionnl 
 Anat'omy, (F.) Anatomie Ghiurgicale, A. deu Hc- 
 gions, is the particular and relative study of the 
 bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, &c., with which 
 it is indispensable to be acquainted before per- 
 forming operations. Compiar' ative A'lat'omy is 
 the comparative study of each organ, with a view 
 to an acquaintance with the modifications of its 
 structure in different animals or in the different 
 classes of animals. Transcendent' al or Ph ilosop>h '- 
 ical Anatomy inquires into the mode, plan, or 
 model upon which the animal frame or organs 
 {ire formed; &TiA. Artificial Anat'omy is the art 
 of modelling and representing in wax or other 
 substance, the different organs or different part^ 
 of the human body, in the sound or diseased state. 
 Phytot'omy is the anatomy of vegetables, and 
 Picto'rial Anatomy, anatomy artistically illus- 
 trated. 
 
 Anatomy, Artificial, see Anatomy— a. Com- 
 parative, see Anatomy, Zootomy- — a. Descriptive, 
 see Anatomy — a. Forensic, see Anatomy — a. Ge- 
 neral, see Anatomy — a. Human, see Anatomy — 
 a. of Man, see Anatomy — a. Medico-ehirurgical, 
 see Anatomy — a. Microscopic, see Anatomy — a. 
 Morbid, see Anatomy — a. Pathological, see Anat- 
 omy — a. Philosophical, see Anatomy — a. Physi- 
 ological, see Anatomy — a. Pictorial, see Anatomy 
 — a. Practical, see Dissection — a. Regional, sea 
 Anatomy — a. Surgical, see Anatomy — a. Tex- 
 tural, see Anatomy — a. Topographical, see Anat- 
 omy — a. Transcendental, see Anatomy — a. Vet- 
 erinary, see Anatomy. 
 
 ANATON, Soda. 
 
 ANATREPSIS, Restauratio. 
 
 ANATRESIS, Perforation, Trepanning. ' 
 
 ANATRIBE. Friction. 
 
 ANATRIPSIS, Friction. 
 
 ANATRIPSOL'OGY, Anatripsolog"ia, Ana- 
 triptolog" ia, from avarpiipci;, ' friction,' and Aoyoj, 
 ' a discourse.' A treatise on friction as a re- 
 medy. 
 
 ANATRIPTOLOGIA, An atrip sology. 
 
 ANATRON, Natrum, Soda. 
 
 ANAT'ROPE, from ava, 'upwards,' and rpc-xia, 
 ' I turn.' Subversion. A turning or subver- 
 sion or inverted action of the stomach, charac- 
 terized by nausea, vomiting, &c. — Galen. We 
 still speak of the stomach turning against any 
 thing. 
 
 ANAUDIA, Catalepsy, Mutitas. 
 
 ANAXYRIS, Rumex acetosa. 
 
 ANAZESIS, Ebullition. 
 
 ANAZOTURIA, see Urine. 
 
 ANCHA, Haunch. 
 
 ANCHILOPS, ^gilops. 
 
 ANCHORALIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid. 
 
 ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA, A. Officinalis 
 — a. Incarnata, A. Officinalis — a. Lycopsoides, A. 
 Officinalis. 
 
 Anchu'sA Opficinalis, a. Angustifo'lia seu 
 Incarna'ta seu LycopsoVdes, Alca'na, Lingua 
 Boris, Buglos' sum sylves'tre, Offic"inal or Garden 
 Al'hanet or Bugloss ; iS'a*. Orrf. Boragineee. Sca-. 
 Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) Buglose. 
 A native of Great Britain. The herb was for- 
 merly esteemed as a cordial in melancholia an<l 
 hypochondriasis; but it is now rarely used. It 
 is also called Buglos'sa, Buglos' sum angustifo'- 
 liiim majus, B. vidga're majus, B. sati'vinn. 
 
 Anchit'sA Tincto'eia, Alcan'na spu'ria. Dy- 
 er's Bugloss, Ane'bivm, Buglos'sum Tincto'rvm, 
 Lithosper' mum villo'sum, Dyer's- Al'hanet, 'T ) 
 . Orcanette. A European plant. Ihe \aediral 
 
ANCHYLOSIS 
 
 72 
 
 ANEMONE DES BOIS 
 
 properties are equivocal. It is used to give a 
 beautiful red colour to ointments. 
 
 ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis. 
 
 ANCISTRON, Hamulus. 
 
 ANOOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris. 
 
 ANCOISr, Elbow, Olecranon. 
 
 ANCONAD, see Anconal Aspect. 
 
 ANGONAGRA, Pechyagra. 
 
 ANCO'NAL; from ayKtav, 'the elbow.' Relat- 
 ing, or appertaining to, the elbow or the olecranon. 
 
 A>fcoNAL Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
 on which the ancon or elbow is situated. — Bar- 
 clay. Anco'nad is used by the same writer ad- 
 verbially, to signify 'towards the anconal aspect.' 
 
 ANOONE, Anconeus. 
 
 ANCQNE'US, from ayKav, 'the elbow.' A term 
 once applied to every muscle attached to the ole- 
 cranon. Winslow distinguished four : — the great, 
 external, internal, and small ; the first three being 
 portions of the same muscle, the triceps hraclda- 
 lis. The last has, alone, retained the name. It 
 is the Ancone'iis minor of Winslow, the Ancone'tis 
 vel Cuhita'lis Riola'ni of Douglas, the Epicon- 
 dylo-Guhita'lia of Chaussier, the Brevia Vw'biti, 
 {¥.) AnconS, and is sitnate at the upper and back 
 part of the fore-arm. It arises from the external 
 condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into 
 1he posterior edge of the upper third of the ulna. 
 Its use is to aid in the extension of the fore-arm. 
 
 Anconetjs Externus, see Triceps extensor 
 cubiti — a. Internus, see Triceps extensor cubiti 
 ' — a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti. 
 
 ANCTE'RES. Fibula or Olaspa, by which 
 the lips of wounds were formerly kept together. 
 — Celsus, Galen. 
 
 ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation. 
 
 ANCU'BITUS, Petri/ac'tio. An affection of 
 the eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand 
 were irritating the organ. 
 
 ANCUNNUEN'T^. A name formerly given 
 to menstruating females. 
 
 ANGUS, Ankus, from ayKoiv, 'the elbow.' One 
 who cannot extend his arms completely. 
 
 Also, the deformity resulting from a luxation 
 of the humerus or fore-arm. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANGYLB, Ankylosis. 
 
 ANGYLOBLEPHARON, Ankyloblepharon. 
 
 ANCYLODERE, Torticollis. 
 
 ANCYLODERIS, Torticollis. 
 
 ANCYLODONTIA, Ankylodontia, 
 
 ANGYLOGLOSSIA, Ankyloglossia. 
 
 ANGYLOMELE, Ankylomele. 
 
 ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus. 
 
 ANGYLOSIS, Ankylosis. 
 
 ANGYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus. 
 
 ANGYRA, Hook. 
 
 ANGYROID GAVITY, Digital cavity. 
 
 ANGYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid. 
 
 AND A. A tree of Brazil; — Anda Gome'sii, 
 Joanne'sia prineeps. Nat. Ord. Euphorbia cese. 
 Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. An oil is 
 obtained from the seeds by pressure, 50 to 60 
 drops of which act as a cathartic. The fruit is 
 an oval nut, containing two seeds. These have 
 the taste of the chestnut; but are strongly ca- 
 thartic, and even emetic. The shell is astrin- 
 gent, and is used as such in diarrhoea, <fce. 
 
 ANDELY, MINERAL WATERS OF. An- 
 (lely is in France, near Gysore, and eight leagues 
 from Piouen. The water is cold, and a weak cha- 
 lybeate. It is used in chlorosis and abdominal 
 sbstructioi.^. 
 
 ANDERSON'S PILLS, Pilulae Aloes et Ja- 
 iapa3. 
 
 ANDIRA IBAI, Geoffraea Vermifuga— a. In- 
 
 rrmis, Geoffrtea inermis — a. Racemosa, Gcoffrpea 
 
 'uerniis — a. Surinamcnsis, GeoflFrasaSurinamensis. 
 
 ANDRAGHAIIARA, Sempervivum tectorura. 
 
 ANDRAGHNE, Arbutus unedo, Portulaca. 
 
 ANDRANATOM'IA, Andranat'ome, Andro- 
 tom'ia, Androt'ome, Anthropot'oniy, from avnp, 
 genitive avSpo;, ' a man,' and TCfjivuv, 'to cut.' TLe 
 anatomy of man. 
 
 ANDRI'A. Adult age. Manhood. 
 
 Andri'a Mu'lier, Mulier Hermaphrodii'lc-o. 
 A female hermaphrodite. 
 
 ANDROGEN'IA, from avrip, 'man,' ani yn'tetc, 
 'generation.' The procreation of males. — Hip- 
 pocrates. 
 
 ANDROG"YNUS, from avrjp, 'a man,' .and 
 yvvri, ' a woman.' A hermaphrodite. An effe- 
 minate person. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANDROLEPSIA, Conception. 
 
 ANDROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 ANDROM'EDA ARBO'REA, Sorrel Trtt, 
 Sour Tree, Sour Wood, Elk Tree, Elk Wood, 
 Sorrel Wood, Sour Leaf, (F.) Andromedier. A 
 small indigenous tree; Nat. Ord. Ericese, Seit. 
 Syst. Decandria Monogynia; found in the Alle- 
 ghany Mountains and the hills and valleys di- 
 verging from them, as far as the southern limits 
 of Georgia and Alabama; but seldom north of 
 Virginia. The leaves are refrigerant and astrin- 
 gent, and have been used to make a kind of le- 
 monade, which has been given in fevers. 
 
 Androm'eda Maeia'na, Broad-leaved Moor- 
 wort. A decoction of this American plant is 
 said to have been successfully employed as a 
 wash, in a disagreeable affection, — ^not uncommon 
 amongst the slaves in the southern parts of the 
 United States, — called the Toe Itch, and Ground 
 Itch. — Barton. 
 
 ANDROPOGON BICORNIS, Juncus odoratus 
 — a. Citratus, Juncus odoratus — a. Citriodorup, 
 Juncus odoratus, Nardus Indica — a. Nardus, Ca- 
 lamus Alexandrinus, Nardus Indica — a. Sehoe- 
 nanthus, Juncus odoratus. 
 
 ANDROSAGE, Umbilicus marinus — a. Mat- 
 thioli. Umbilicus marinus. 
 
 ANDROSiEMUM, Hypericum perforatum. 
 
 ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia. 
 
 ANDRUM. An East India word, latinized 
 by Kaempfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis 
 of the scrotum, endemic in southern Asia. 
 
 ANEANTlSSEiMENT (¥.), Vir'imi extim'- 
 tio. This word is often employed hyperbolically, 
 by patients in France, to signify excessive fatigue, 
 debility or syncope. 
 
 ANEBIUM, Anchusa tinctoria. 
 
 ANEBUS, Impuber. 
 
 ANECPYE'TUS, from av, for avcv, 'without,' 
 and TTucw, 'I promote suppuration.' That which 
 does not suppurate, or is not likely to suppurate. 
 
 ANEGER'TICA, from avtysipo>, 'I awaken.' 
 The art of resuscitating the apparently dead. 
 
 ANEILE'MA, Aneile'sis, from avtiXtaOai, 'to 
 be rolled upwards.' Applied particularly to the 
 motion of air in the intestines and the tormina 
 accompanying it.' — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANEILESIS, Aneilema. 
 
 ANEMIA, Anaamia. 
 
 ANEMO'NE. The Wind Flotoer : from avtiio^, 
 ' the wind,' because it does not open its flowers 
 until blown upon by the wind. 
 
 ANEMONE BBS BOIS, Anemone nemo- 
 rosa. 
 
 Anemone Colijna. A. Pulsatilla — a. Hepat'ioa, 
 Hepatica triloba — a. Intermedia, A. Pulsatilla, 
 
 Anemo'ne Nemoro'sa, Briniai'ci<his a/bvs sen 
 nemoro'sxiK, Wood a)iem'o)iy, (F.) Anemone des 
 bois. The herb and flowers are poisonous, acrid, 
 and corrosive. They have been used as rube- 
 facients. 
 
 Anemo'nr Praten'sis, A. Sylvcs'tris, Ptilsatil'~ 
 la ni'(/rican.s seu praten'sis. This plant has si- 
 
ANEMONY 
 
 ANEURISM 
 
 milar properties with the last. It is also called. 
 Meadow Anemony, (P.) Pulsatille noire, P. des 
 pres. 
 
 Anemo'ne Pulsatill'la, a. Colli'na seu In- 
 tenne'dia seu Praten'sis seu Rubra, Pulsatil'la 
 rulga'ris, Herha ventis, Nola culina'ria, Pasque 
 jiower, (F.) Ooquelourde, possesses like proper- 
 tie.-J. 
 
 Anemone Rubra, A. Pratensis — a. Rue-leaved, 
 Thalictruiu anemonoides — a. Sylvestris, A. Pra- 
 t€usis. 
 
 ANEMONY, Anemone hepatica — a. Meadow, 
 Anemone pratensis — a.Wood, Anemone nemorosa. 
 
 ANEM03, Wind. 
 
 ANENCEPHALIA, see Anencephalus. 
 
 ANENCEPHAL TR OP HIE, from av, priva- 
 tive; £y/c£0aXof, 'the encephalon,' and Tpoipr;, 'nou- 
 rishment.' Atrophy of the encephalon. 
 
 ANENCEPH'ALUS, from a, privative, and 
 eyK€(pa\o?, 'brain.' A monster devoid of brain. 
 — Bonetus. Gr. St. Hilaire. Also one that has 
 a part only of the brain; — Paraceph'alus. The 
 condition has been called Anencephal' ia. A weak, 
 silly person. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANENERGESIA, Debility. 
 
 ANENERGIA, Debility. 
 
 ANENTERONERVIA, Colic 
 
 ANEPISCHESIS, Incontinentia. 
 
 ANEPITHYM'IA, from a, priv., and crt^ufiia, 
 'desire.' Many nosologists have used this word 
 for a loss of the appetites, as of those of hunger, 
 thirst, venery, &c. 
 
 Anepithymia Chloeosis, Chlorosis. 
 
 ANER. ai'7;fi, genitive avi^oq. A man. 
 
 ANERETHIS'IA, InirritahW itas, from a, priv., 
 and tpzOiaii, 'irritability.' Defect of irritability. 
 
 — Swediaur. 
 
 ANERYTHROP'SIA, from av, priv., tpvSrpo?, 
 ' red,' and oirat;, 'vision.' Defective vision, which 
 consists in an incapability of distinguishing red. 
 
 ANESIS, Remission. 
 
 ANESTHESIE, Ansesthesia. 
 
 ANESTHESIE EXT A TIQ UE. The aggre- 
 gate of phenomena of impaired feeling produced 
 especially by the manipulations of the animal 
 magnetizer. — Andral. 
 
 ANESTHETIC, Ansesthetic. 
 
 ANESTHESIQUE, AnEesthetie. 
 
 ANESTHETIZATION, Ansesthetization. 
 
 ANESON, Anethum. 
 
 ANESUM, Pimpinella anisum. 
 
 ANET, Anethum. 
 
 ANETH, Anethum graveolens. 
 
 ANE'THUM, Ane'son, Ane'ton, Ane'ihum Foa- 
 nic'ulum seu Sege'tum seu Piper i' turn, Foenic'ulian, 
 F. Officinale, F. vulga're, F. Dtdce, Ligus'tieum 
 fccnie'idum, Fan'eulum, Fennel or Finekle, Mar'- 
 athrum, Anet, Sweet Fennel, (F.) Fenouil ou 
 Anis doiix. Nat. Ord. UmbelliferEe. Sex. Si/st. 
 Pentandria Digynia. The seeds Faenic'tdiim, 
 (Ph. U. S.) have an aromatic odour, and warm, 
 sweetish taste. They are carminative. The oil 
 
 — Oleiim Faenic'xdi — is officinal in the Ph.U. S. 
 The root is said to be pectoral and diuretic. 
 
 Anethum Fceniculum, Anethum. 
 
 Ane'thum Graveolens, Anethum, Pastina'ca 
 Anethum seu Graveolens, Fer'ula Graveolens, A. 
 hnrten'se, Dill, (F.) Aneth, Fenouil puant. A na- 
 tive of the south of Europe. The seeds are sti- 
 mulant and carminative. Dose, gr. xv to ^ij- 
 
 Oleum Ane'thi, Oil of Dill, (F.) Huile d' Aneth, 
 possesses the carminative properties of the plant. 
 
 Anethum Pastinaca, Pastinaca Sativa — a. 
 Piperitum, Anethum — a. Segetum, Anethum. 
 
 ANETICUS, Anodyne. 
 
 ANETON, Anethum. 
 
 ANETUS, Intermittent fever — a. Quavtanus, 
 Quartan — a. Quotidianus, Quotidian — a. Tertiib- 
 nus. Tertian fever. 
 
 ANEURAL'GTCON, from o, privative, vtvpor, 
 'nerve;' and aXyos, 'pain.' A name given by Dr. 
 C. T. Downing to an instrument used by him to 
 allay pain in nerves. It is a kind of fumigating 
 apparatus, in which di-ied narcotic and other 
 herbs are burnt, the heated vapour being directed 
 to any part of the body. 
 
 AN'EURISM, Aneurys'ma,Aneurys'mu8,Aneu- 
 ris'ma, Oedma, from avevpvvuv, 'to dilate or dis- 
 tend.' Dilata'tio Arteria'rum, Ecta'sia, Embo- 
 rys'ma, Exangi'a aneuris'ma, Arierieurys'ma, Ar- 
 terenrys'ma, ffcsmatoce'le arterio'sa, Absces'si'3 
 spirituo'sus, Arteriec'tasis, (F.) Anevrysme, Ayieu- 
 risme. Properly, Aneurism signifies a tumour, 
 produced by the dilatation of an artery ; but it has 
 been extended to various lesions of arteries, as 
 well as to dilatations of the heart. 
 
 There are various kinds of aneurism. The fol- 
 lowing are the chief. 
 
 I. When the blood, which forms the tumour, ia 
 enclosed within the dilated coats of the artery. 
 This is the true Aneurism, Aneurys'ma verum, 
 Hernia Arteria'rum, (F.) Anevrysme vrai. 
 
 II. When the blood has escaped from the 
 opened artery, it is called spurious or false 
 Aneurism, Aneuris'ma spu'ritim, Ruptu'ra Arte'- 
 ricB, Arteriorrhex'is, Arteriodial'ysis, Ecchymo'- 
 ma arterio'sjmi, (F.) Anevrysme faux. The latter 
 is divided into three varieties. 
 
 1. Diffused False Aneurism, (F.) Anevrysme 
 faux, primitif, diffus, noncirconserit ou par infil- 
 tration, which occurs immediately after the divi- 
 sion or rupture of an artery, and consists of an 
 extravasation of blood into the areolar texture 
 of the part. 
 
 2. Circumscribed False Aneurism, (F.) Anev- 
 rysme, faux consicutif circonscrit on par epanche- 
 ment, enkysiS ou sacciforme, tumeur hhnorrhagiale 
 circonscrite, in which the blood issues from tho 
 vessel some time after the receipt of the wound, 
 and forms itself a sac in the neighbouring areolar 
 membrane. 
 
 3. An'eurism by Anastomo'sis, or Var'icose An' 
 eurism, Phlebarteriodial'ysis, Aneurys'ma veno'- 
 80-arterio'sum, A. varico'sum, (F.) Anevrysme par 
 a7iastomose ou variqueux, A. par erosion, A. dc 
 Pott, A. des plus petites arteres, which arises from 
 the simultaneous wounding of an artery and 
 vein; — the arterial blood passing into the vein, 
 and producing a varicose state of it. 
 
 III. Mixed Aneurism, (F.) Anevrysme mixte, 
 is that which arises from the dilatation of one or 
 two of the coats, with division or rupture of the 
 other. Some authors have made two varieties 
 of this. 
 
 1. Mixed external Aneurism, where the internal 
 and middle coats are ruptured, and the areolar 
 is dilated. 
 
 2. Mixed internal Aneurism, in which the in- 
 ternal coat is dilated, and protrudes, like a hernial 
 sac, through the ruptured middle and outer coats. 
 This variety has been called Aneurys'ma Her'. 
 niam Arte'rim sistens. 
 
 Aneurisms have been likewise termed trau^ 
 mat'io and sponta'neons, according as they may 
 have been caused by a wound, or have originate(( 
 spontaneously. They have also been divided 
 into interned and external. 
 
 The internal aneurisms are situate in the great 
 splanchnic cavities, and occur in the heart ami 
 great vessels of the chest, abdomen, <tc. Tlieir 
 diagnosis is difficult, and they are often inacces- 
 sible to surgical treatment. 
 
 The external aneurisms are situate pi the exi^ 
 
ANEURISMA 
 
 U 
 
 ANGEIORB,H(EA 
 
 rior of the tead, neck, and limbs, and are dis- 
 tinctly pulsatory. 
 
 Aneurisms, especially the internal, may he 
 ■sombat-ed by a debilitant treatment, on the plan 
 of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood- 
 letting, vrith food enough merely to support life. 
 In external aneurism, the artery can be oblite- 
 rated. This is usually done by applying a liga- 
 ture above the aneurismal tumour. 
 
 An'eurism, Dissecting, is one in which, owing 
 to rupture of the inner and middle coats of an 
 artery, the blood makes itself a channel between 
 these coats and the outer coat. 
 
 In many cases, the lesion appears to consist in 
 a separation of the laminae of the middle coat, 
 between which the blood forms itself a channel. 
 
 Aneurisms of the Heart, Cardion'ehi, Car- 
 dienrys'ma, (F.) Anevrysmes du cce)ir, have been 
 divided into active and passive. The former can 
 scarcely be esteemed aneurisms, as they most 
 eommonlj' consist of increased thickness of the 
 parietes of the heart, which diminishes its cavity 
 instead of increasing it. The term Hypertrophy 
 of the heart, better indicates their character. 
 Passive uneurism, Oardiee'tasis, on the contrar}', 
 is attended with extenuation of the parietes of 
 the organ, and enlargement of the cavities. The 
 physical signs of dilatation of the heart are the 
 following : — The action of the heart is not visible, 
 and no impulse is conveyed to the hand. On 
 percussion, there is a loss of resonance over a 
 larger surface than usual, but the dulness is much 
 less intense than that which accompanies hyper- 
 trophy. On auscultation, the action of the heart 
 is only slightly felt, and communicates at once 
 the impression of its diminished power. The 
 impulse is feebler than usual. Both sounds are 
 widely transmitted over the thorax, and are not 
 much fainter at a distance from their point of 
 origin. 
 
 Partial or true aneurism of the heart — Oardi- 
 ee'tasis partia'lis, Aneurys'ma consecuti'vum cor- 
 dis, is sometimes seen, — rarely, however. 
 
 The name Aneurisin of tlie Valves of the heart 
 has been given to pouch-like projections of the 
 valves into the auricles. 
 
 Aneurism by Anastomosis, see Aneurism — 
 a. Erasdor's operation for, see Brasdor — a. Ex- 
 ternal, see Aneurism — a. False, see Aneurism — 
 a. False, circumscribed, see Aneurism — a. False, 
 diffused, see Aneurism — a. Internal, see Aneurism 
 — a. Mixed, see Aneurism — a. Mixed, external, see 
 Aneurism — a. Mixed, internal, see Aneurism — a. 
 Spontaneous, see Aneurism — a. Spurious, see 
 Aneurism — a. Traumatic, see Aneurism — a. True, 
 see Aneurism — a. Valsalva's method of treating, 
 see Aneurism — -a. Varicose, see Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURISM A, Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneurismat'ic, 
 Aneurysmat'icus, Aneurisma'lis. That which be- 
 longs to Aneurism. 
 
 Aneurismal Sac or Cyst, (F.) iS'ac ou Kyste 
 anevrysmal, is a sort of pouch, formed by the 
 dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the 
 blood, forming the aneurismal tumour, is con- 
 tained. 
 
 ANEUKISMATIC, Aneurismal. 
 
 ANEURYSM, Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURYSMA, Aneurism — a. Cordis activum, 
 Qeart, hypertrophy of the — a. Ilerniam arterias 
 sistens, see Aneurism — a. Spurium, see Aneurism 
 --II. Varicosum, see Aneurism — a. Venoso-arte- 
 <*iosum, see Aneurism — a. Verum, see Aneurism. 
 
 ANEUR YSME, Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation. 
 
 ANJEVRYSME, Aneurism — «. de VAorte, 
 Aorteurysma — a. Circonscrit, see Aneurism — a. 
 ie Pott, see Aneurism — a. des Plus petites arteres, 
 
 see Aneurism — a. Diffus, see Aneurism — a. En~ 
 kyste, see Aneurism — a. Faux, see Aneurism — 
 o. Faux cousecutif, see Aneurism — a. 3]i.r*e, see 
 Aneurism — a. par Anastomose, see Aneurism — o. 
 par JEpanchement, see Aneurism — a. par Erosion, 
 see Aneurism — a. par Infiltration, see Aneurism 
 a. Primitif, see Aneurism- — a. Sacciforme, see 
 Aneurism — a.Variqueux, see Aneurism — a.Vrai, 
 see Aneurism. 
 
 ANFION, Maslach. 
 
 ANFRACTUOSITJES GEREBRALES, An- 
 fractuosities, cerebral — a. Ethmo'idales, see An- 
 fractuosity. 
 
 ANFRACTUOS'ITY, Anfrac'tm, Gyrus, from 
 am, 'around,' and frangere, fractum, 'to break.' 
 A groove or furrow. Used in anatomy to signify 
 sinuous depressions or sulci, of greater or less 
 depth, like those which separate the convolutions 
 of the brain from each other. These 
 
 Anfractuosities, Cerebral, Anfrac'tus Cer'- 
 ehri, Gyri Cer'ebri, Intestin'ula Cer'ehri, (F.) 
 Anfractuosites Cerebrales, are always narrow, and 
 deeper at the upper surface of the brain than at 
 its base ; and are lined by a jirolongation of the 
 pia mater. 
 
 The Ethmoid Cells are, sometimes, called An- 
 fractuosites ethmo'idales. 
 
 ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity— a. Cerebri, An- 
 fractuosities (cerebral.) 
 
 ANGECTASIA, Angiectasis. 
 
 AXGEIAL, Vascular. 
 
 ANGEIECTASIA, Angiectasis. 
 
 ANGEIECTASIS, Angiectasis. 
 
 ANGEIECTOMA, Angiectasis. 
 
 ANGEIOG'RAPHY, Angiog'raphy, Angeio- 
 graph'ia, from ayy^iov, 'a vessel,' and ypn^ii) '& 
 description.'- The anatomy of the vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY, Angiohydrog'- 
 raphy, Angeiondrog'raphy, Angeiohydrogra' pjhia, 
 Hydrangiograjjh'ia, trora ayyuov, 'a vessel,' 'v^wp, 
 ' water,' and ypa(pij), ' I describe.' A treatise on 
 the lymphatics. 
 
 AKGEIOHYDROT'OMY, Angiohydrot'omy, 
 Angeiondrot'omy, Angeiohydrotom'ia, Hydran- 
 giutom'ia, from ayyuov, 'a vessel,' 'vSup, 'water,' 
 and Tijxtiv, ' to cut.' Dissection of the lymphatics. 
 
 ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS, Amjioleuci'tis, Lym. 
 phangei'tis, Lymphangi'tis, Lymphangioi'tis, Hy- 
 drangei'tis, Lymphi'tis, Lymphati'tis, Inflamma' - 
 tio vaso'rum lymphatico'rum, from ayyuov, 'a 
 vessel,' \^vKos, 'white,' and itis, inflammation. 
 (F.) Infiammation des vaisseaux lymjjhatiques ou 
 de^ tissus hlancs. Inflammation of the lympha- 
 tics : lymphatic or scrofulous inflammation. 
 
 ANGEIOL'OGY, Angiol'ogy, Angeiolog"ia, 
 from ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and ^oyog, 'a discourse.' 
 A discourse on the vessels. The anatomy of the 
 vessels. It includes Arteriol'ogy, Phlebol'ogy, 
 and AngeiohydroV ogy . 
 
 ANGEIOMALA'CIA, Angiomala'cia ; from 
 ayyuov, ' a vessel,' and /jaXaxia, 'softening.' Mol- 
 lescenee or softening of vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOMYCES, Hamatodes fungus. 
 
 ANGEION, Vessel. 
 
 ANGEIONDROGRAPHY, AngeiohydrogTa- 
 phy. 
 
 ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy. 
 
 ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGEIOPATHI'A, Angiopathi'a, Angeion'- 
 osus, Angeionu' sns, Angio'sis, from ayyuov, 'a 
 vessel,' and vados, ' a disease.' Disease of the 
 vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOPLEROSIS. Plethora. 
 
 ANGEIOPYRA, Svnocha. 
 
 ANGEIORRIIAGIA, Ha>morrhagia activa, 
 
 ANGEIORRHCE'A, (F.) Angeiorrhie; from 
 
ANGEIGSIS 
 
 75 
 
 ANGINA 
 
 •yysiov, 'a vessel/ and pu, 'I flow.' Passive 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 • ANGEIOSIS, Angiosis. 
 
 ANGEIOSTE GNOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
 
 ANGEIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
 
 ANGEIOSTEO'SIS, Angiosto'sis, fromay/Eiov, 
 'a vessel,' and oarcioais, 'ossification.' Ossifica- 
 tion of vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOSTROPHE, see Torsion. 
 
 ANGEIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia. 
 
 ANGEIOT'OMY, Angiot'omy, Angeiotom'ia, 
 from ayyuQv, ' a vessel^' and tsuvciv, ' to cut.' 
 Dissection of vessels. 
 
 ANGEI'TIS, Angii'tis, Angioi'tis, Inflamma'- 
 tto vaso'rum, (F.) Angeite. Inflammation of ves- 
 sels in general. 
 
 ANGELIC ROOT, Angelica lucida. 
 
 ANGEL'ICA, AngeVica Archangel' tea sen 
 Hispa'na seu Sati'va, Archangel'ica officina'lis, 
 Garden Angelica, (F.) Angelique, Racine de Saint 
 Esprit. So called from its supposed angelic vir- 
 tues. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferse. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tandria Digynia. Native of Lapland. The roots, 
 stalk, leaves, and seed, are aromatic and carmi- 
 native. A sweetmeat is made of the root, which 
 is agreeable. 
 
 Angelica Archangelica, Angelica. 
 
 Angel'ica Atropurpu'rea, Angelica (Ph. 
 U. S.) Mastenoort. An indigenous species, grow- 
 ing over the whole United States, and admitted 
 into the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States. Virtues, same as those of 
 the Angelica of Europe. 
 
 Angelica Levisticum, Ligusticum levisticum. 
 
 Angelica Lu'cida, Angelic root, Bellyache 
 root, Nendo, White root, an indigenous plant, the 
 root of which is bitterish, subacrid, fragrant, 
 aromatic, stomachic, and tonic. 
 
 Angelica Officinalis, Imperatoria — a. Palu- 
 'lapifolia, Ligusticum levisticum — a. Sativa, An- 
 gelica, A. sylvestris. 
 
 Angel'ica Sylves'tris, A. sati'va, Seli'num 
 Sylves'tre seu Angel'ica seu Pubes'cens, Impera- 
 to'ria Sylvea'tres seu Angelica, Wild Angel'ica, 
 (F.) Angelique sauvage. Possesses similar pro- 
 perties to the last, but in an inferior degree. The 
 seeds, powdered and put into the hair, are used 
 to destroy lice. 
 
 Angelica Sylvestris, Ligusticum podagraria 
 — a. Tree, Aralia spinosa. 
 
 ANGELI'NJE CORTEX. The bark of a 
 Grenada tree, which has been recommended as 
 anthelmintic and cathartic. 
 
 ANGELIQ UE, Angelica — a. Sauvage, Angel- 
 ica sylvestris. 
 
 ANGELOCACOS, Myrobalanus. 
 
 ANGEMPHRAXIS, Angiemphraxis. 
 
 ANGIDIECTASIA, Trichangiectasia. 
 
 ANGIDIOSPONGUS, Ha;matodes fungus. 
 
 ANGIECTASIA VENOSA, Varix 
 
 ANGIEC'TASIS, Angeiecta' sia, Angecta'sia, 
 Angieurys'ma, Angeiecto'ma, from ayytiov, ' a 
 vessel,' and cKraais, ' dilatation.' Any dilatation 
 of vessels. — Grafe and Alibert. Telangiectasia. 
 
 ANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Angemphrax'is, Angei- 
 osteno'sis, Angeiostegno'sia, iroTO. ayyttov, 'a ves- 
 sel,' and £iitppa^i;, ' obstruction.' Obstruction of 
 vessels. 
 
 ANGIEURYSMA, Angiectasis. 
 
 ANGIITE, Inflammation, Angeitis. 
 
 ANGIITIS, Angeitis. 
 
 ANGI'NA, Febris Angino'sa, Isthmi'tis, Quin- 
 ry or Sore Throat ; from angere, ' to suffocate.' 
 Inflammation of the supra-diaphragmatic portion 
 Df the alimentary canal, and of the air passages. 
 The Latin writers applied the term to every dis- 
 ease in which deglutition or respiration, sepa- 
 rately or united, was affected, provided that such 
 
 affection was above the stomach and lungs. — 
 Boerhaave speaks of the angina of the moribund, 
 which is nothing more than the dysphagia or 
 difficult deglutition preceding death. See Cy- 
 nanche. 
 
 Angina Aphthosa, Aphthae — a. Aquosa, Oede- 
 ma of the glottis — a. Bronehialis, Bronchitis — a. 
 Canina, Cynanehe trachealis — a. Cordis, Angina 
 pectoris — a. cum Tumore, Cynanehe tonsillaris — 
 a. Epidemica, Cynanehe maligna — a. Epiglot- 
 tidea, Epiglottitis — a Erysipelatosa, Erythranche 
 a^ Exudatoria, Cynanehe trachealis — a. Externa, 
 C.ynanche parotidasa — a. Faucium, Isthmitis — a. 
 Faucium Maligna, Cynanehe maligna — a. Folli- 
 culosa of the pharynx. Pharyngitis, follicular — a. 
 Gangrasnosa, Cynanehe maligna — a. Hiimida, 
 Cynanehe trachealis — a. Inflanimatoria, Cynan- 
 ehe, Cynanehe trachealis — a. Laryngea, Laryn- 
 gitis — a. Laryngea Qidematosa, CEdema of the 
 glottis — a. Linguaria, Glossitis — a. jMaligna, An- 
 gina pellicularis, Cynanehe maligna. Pharyngitis, 
 diphtheritic — a. Maxillaris, Cynanehe parotidasa 
 — a. Membranacea, Cynanehe trachealis — a. 
 Mitis, Isthmitis. 
 
 Angi'na Nasa'lis, Nast'tis posfi'ca. An in- 
 flammation of the posterior portion of the Sehnei- 
 derian membrane lining the nose. Also, Coryza. 
 
 Angi'na fficEMATo'SA, (F.) Angine cedhnu- 
 teuse, (Edcme de la Glotte. An oedematous swell- 
 ing of the glottis ; the efTect of chronic cynanehe 
 laryngea. See ffidema of the Glottis. 
 
 Angina Palatina, Hyperoitis — a. Paralytica, 
 Pharyngoplegia — a. Parotidasa Externa, Cynan- 
 ehe parotidsea. 
 
 Angi'na Pec'toris, A. cordis, Stemal'gia, 
 Asthma spias'tico-arthrit'icum incon'stans. Asthma 
 diaphragmat' icum, Arthri'tis diaphragmatica, 
 Orthopnce'a cardi'aca, Sternodyn'ia syncop'tica 
 et pal'pitans, S. s^yncopa'lis, Cardiog' mns cordis 
 sinis'tri, Astheni'a pectora'lis, Angor pec'toris, 
 Stenocar' dia, Diaphragmat' ic gout. Asthma con- 
 vxdsi'vum. Asthma arthrit'icum, Cardioneural'gia, 
 Nearid'gia hrachiothorac"ica, Hyperasthe'sia 
 plexus cardi'aci, A. dolorif'icum, Syn'cope angi- 
 no'sa seu angens, Cardiod' yne sj^asmod'ica inter- 
 mit'tens, Pnigo2:>ho'bia, Prunel'la, Sus2}ir'ium 
 cardi'acum, Pneumonal'gia, Suff' ocative Breast- 
 pang, (F.) Angine de Poitrine, Nerrose du Occur. 
 A disease, the precise pathology of which is not 
 known. The principal symptoms are, violent 
 pain about the sternum, extending towards the 
 arms ; anxiety, dyspnoea, and sense of sufToca- 
 tion. It is an affection of great danger, and is 
 often connected with ossification, or other morbid 
 condition of the heart. It appears to be neuropa- 
 thic, and has been termed A^c!ir«?(/ia of the Heart. 
 Some, however, employ this last term for an 
 acutely painful intermittent affection of the heart, 
 which seems to differ from angina pectoris more 
 in regard to the small number of parts which are 
 drawn into morbid consent with the affected car- 
 diac nerves, than in regard either to its nature 
 or appropriate treatment. The most powerful 
 stimulating and narcotic antispasmodics are re- . 
 quired during the paroxysm. 
 
 Angi'na Pellicula'ris, A. malig'na, Dipthe- 
 ri'tis of the throat. A name given to those in- 
 flammations about the throat, in which exuda- 
 tions or false membrrjies are thrown out, during 
 the phlogosis of the mucous membranes. Apihtha, 
 Tracheitis, when accompanied with the membra- 
 niform exudation, are, with some, examples of 
 diphtheritic inflammation. 
 
 ANGiifci Perniciosa, Cynanehe trachealis — a, 
 PestUentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. Poly, 
 posa, Cynanehe trachealis — a. Polyposa seu mera- 
 iDranaeea, Cynanehe trachealis — a. Pseuao-meni- 
 branosa, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. Pulfostk 
 
ANGINE GUT TUB ALE 
 
 76 
 
 ANGULAR 
 
 Cynanclie trachealis — a. Sanguinea, Cynanche 
 tonsillaris. 
 
 Angina Sicca, (E.) Angine seche, is a chronic 
 inflammation of the pharynx, with a distressing 
 sense of dryness and heat, in chronic diseases of 
 the stomach and lungs. See Ptedanchone. 
 
 Angina Simplex, Isthmitis. 
 
 Angina Sqtjirro'sa, (F.) Angine squirreuse, 
 consists in difficulty of deglutition, caused by 
 scu-rhous disorganization of the pharynx or oeso- 
 phagus, or by enlarged tonsils. 
 
 Angina Strangdlatoeia, Cynanche trache- 
 alis — a. Strepitosa, Cynanche trachealis — a. Suf- 
 focatoria, Cynanche trachealis — a. Synochalis, 
 Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Thyreoidea, Thyreoitis 
 • — a. Tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Tra- 
 chealis, Cynanche trachealis — a. Ulcerosa, Cy- 
 nanche maligna — a. Uvularis, Staphyloedema, 
 Uvulitis — a. Vera et LegitLma, Cynanche ton- 
 
 ANGINE GUTTURALS, Cynanche tonsil- 
 laris — a. Laryngee, Laryngitis — a. Laryngee et 
 tracheale, Cynanche trachealis — a. Laryngee (ede- 
 mateuse, QSdema of the glottis — a. CEsojjJiagienne, 
 (Esophagitis — a. Pharyngee, Cynanche parotidffia 
 — a. de Poitrine, Angina pectoris — a. Seche, An- 
 gina sicca — a. Simple, Isthmitis — a. Squirreme, 
 Angina Squirrosa — a. Tonsillaire, Cynanche ton- 
 sillaris. 
 
 ANGINE UX, Anginosa. 
 
 ANGIiSTO'SA, (F.) Angineux. That which is 
 accompanied with angina; as Scarlati'na angi- 
 no'aa. 
 
 ANGIOCARDI'TIS, from ayyuov, 'a vessel,' 
 and carditis, ' inflammation of the heart.' In- 
 flammation of the heart and great vessels. 
 
 ANGIOGRAPHY, Angeiography. 
 
 ANGI0HE2IIE, Hyperemia. 
 
 AKGIOHYDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra- 
 
 ANGIOHYDROTOMf, Angeiohydrotomy. 
 
 ANGIOITIS, Angeitis. 
 
 ANGIOLEUCITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 ANGIOLOGY, Angeiology. 
 
 ANGIOMALACIA, Angeiomalacia. 
 
 ANGI0MYCE3, Hamatodes fungus. 
 
 ANGIONOSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGIONUSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGIOPATHIA, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGIOPLEROSIS, Plethora. 
 
 ANGIOPYRA, Synocha. 
 
 ^NGIO'SIS, from ayytiov, 'a vessel.' Angeio'- 
 >is, Angeioimthi'a. Under this term Alibert in- 
 cludes every disease of the blood vessels. 
 
 ANGIOSTEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
 
 ANGIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
 
 4.NGI0ST0SIS, Angeiostosis. 
 
 ANGIOSTROPHE, See Torsion. 
 
 ANGIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia. 
 
 ANGIOTEN'IC, Angeioten'ic, Angioten'icus 
 scu Angeioten'iciM, from ayyciov, 'a vessel,' and 
 ruvuv, ' to extend.' An epithet given to inflam- 
 matory fever, owing to its action seeming to be 
 chiefly exerted on the vascular system. 
 
 ANGIOTOMY, Angeiotomy. 
 
 ANGLE, An'gulits, from ayKvXo;, 'a hook.' 
 The space between two lines which meet in a 
 point. 
 
 Angle, Fa'cial, pointed out by Camper, is 
 formed by the union of two lines, one of which 
 is drawn from the most prominent part of the 
 foreli°ad to the alveolar edge of the upper jaw, 
 opposite the incisor teeth — the facial line — and 
 the other irom the meatus auditorius externus to 
 the same point of the jaw. According to the 
 uize of the angle it has been attempted to appre- 
 »!iate the respective proportions of the cranium 
 and face, and, to a certain extent, the degree of 
 
 intelligence of individuals and of animals. In 
 the white varieties of the species, this angle is 
 generally 80°; in the negro not more than 70", • 
 and sometimes only 65°. As we descend the 
 scale of animals, the angle becomes less and less; 
 until, in fishes, it nearly or entirely disappears. 
 Animals which have the snout long, and facial 
 angle small, such as the snipe, crane, stork, &c., 
 are proverbially foolish, at least they are so 
 esteemed; whilst intelligence is ascribed to those 
 in which the angle is more largely developed, us 
 the elephant and the owl. In these last animals, 
 however, the large facial angle is caused by the 
 size of the frontal sinuses : — so that this mode of 
 appreciating the size of the brain is very inexact, 
 and cannot be depended upon. 
 
 The following is a table of the angle in man 
 and certain animals : 
 
 FACIAL ANGLES. 
 
 Man from 68° to 88° and more. 
 
 Sapajou 05 
 
 Oraiig-Utang 56 to 58 
 
 Giienon 57 
 
 Mandrill 30 to 4-2 
 
 Coati 28 
 
 Pole-cat : 31 
 
 Pug-dog 35 
 
 Mastiff 41 
 
 Hare 30 
 
 Ram 30 
 
 Horse 23 
 
 Angle, Occipital, of Daubenton, is formed 
 by a line drawn from the posterior margin of the 
 foramen magnum to the inferior margin of the 
 orbit, and another drawn from the top of the 
 head to the space between the occipital condyles. 
 In man, these condyles, as well as the foramen 
 magnum, are so situate, that a line drawn per- 
 pendicular to them would be a continuation of 
 the spine ; but in animals they are placed more 
 or less obliquely; and the perpendicular is neces- 
 sarily thrown farther forward, and the angle ren- 
 dered more acute. 
 
 Angle, Optic, (F.) Angle optique, is the angle 
 formed by two lines, which shave the extremities 
 of an object, and meet at the centre of the pupil. 
 
 ANGOISSE, Angor. 
 
 ANGOLAM. A very tall Malabar tree, which 
 possesses vermifuge properties. 
 
 AN'GONE, Prcefoca'tio Fau'cium seu Uferi'na 
 seu Matri'cis, Strangida'tio uteri'na, Sitffoca'tit 
 uteri'na seu hyster'ica, Globus hyater'icus, Or- 
 thopinoe'a hyster'ica, Dyspha'gia gluho'sa, D. hys- 
 ter'ica, Nervous Quinsy. A feeling of strangu- 
 lation, with dread of suffocation. It is common 
 in hysterical females, and is accompanied with a 
 sensation as if a ball arose frqin the abdomen to 
 the throat. 
 
 ANGOR, Anguish, (F.) Angoisse. Extreme 
 anxiety, accompanied with painful constriction 
 at the epigastrium, and often with palpitation 
 and oppression. It is frequently an unfavour- 
 able symptom. 
 
 Angor, Agony, Orthopncea — a. Faucium, Isth- 
 mitis — a. Pectoris, Angina pectoris. 
 
 ANGOS, Bubo, Uterus, Vessel. 
 
 ANGOURION, Cucumis sativus. 
 
 ANGUIS, Serpent. 
 
 ANGUISH, Angor. 
 
 Anguish, Febrile, Angor Fehri'lia. The com- 
 bination of weariness, pain, anxiety, and weak- 
 ness afl'ecting the head and neck, which is so ge- 
 nerallj' observed at the commencement of fever. 
 
 ANGULAIPE BE L'OMOPLATE, Levator 
 scapula;. 
 
 AN'GULAR, Angula'ris, from angidus, 'an 
 angle,' (F.) Angulaire. That which relates to 
 an angle. 
 
 Angular Artert and Vein. A name given. 
 
ANGULARIS 
 
 77 
 
 1. to the tormination of tlie facial artery and 
 vein, because they pass by the greater angle of 
 the eye ,• and, 2." to the facial artery and vein 
 themselves, because they pass under the angle 
 of the jaw. See Facial. 
 
 Angular Nerve is a filament furnished by 
 the inferior maxillary, which passes near the 
 greater angle of the eye. 
 
 Angular Processes of the frontal bone are 
 seated near the angles of the eyes. See Orbitar. 
 
 ANG-ULARIS, Levator scapulre.^ 
 
 ANG ULI- S CAP UL - HUMERAL, Teres 
 major. 
 
 ANGULUS OCULARIS, Canthus. 
 
 ANGURIA, Cucurbita citrullus. 
 
 ANGUSTATIO, Arctatio— a. Cordis, Systole— 
 a. Intestini recti vel ani, Stricture of the rectum. 
 
 ANGUS'TIA, Angusta'tio, Stenocho'ria. Anx- 
 iety, narrowness, strait, constriction. 
 
 Angustia Abdominalis, Pelvis, (Brim) — a. 
 Perinaealis, Pelvis, (Outlet.) 
 
 ANGUSTURA, Cusparia febrifnga— a. False, 
 Erucea antidysenteriea, and Strychnos nux vo- 
 mica — a. Spuria, Brucea antidysenteriea, and 
 Strychnos. 
 
 ANOUSTURE, FAUSSE, Brucea antidysen- 
 teriea — a. Ferrugineuse, Brucea antidysenteriea 
 — a. Vraie, Cusparia febrifuga. 
 
 ANH^MATOSIA, Asphyxia, Ancemia. 
 
 ANH^MIA, Anaemia. 
 
 ANHAPHIA, Anaphia. 
 
 ANHELA'TIO, from anhelo, 'I pant.' An- 
 liel'itus, Aas'mus, Panting, Anhelation, (F.) Es- 
 Boufflement. Short and rapid breathing. See 
 Dyspnoea. 
 
 Anhelatio is sometimes employed synony- 
 mously with asthma. 
 
 ANHELITUS, Breath. 
 
 ANHIS'TOUS, from a, av, privative, and 'icto;, 
 'organic texture,' 'Anorganic.' Amor'phus. The 
 tunica decidua uteri is termed by Velpeau the 
 anhistous membrane. 
 
 ANHUIBA, Laurus sassafi-as. 
 
 ANHYDR^'MIA, Anmmyd'ria, from av, pri- 
 vative, v5uip, 'water,' and 'aifta, 'blood.' A con- 
 dition of the blood in which there is a diminution 
 ia the quantity of the serum. 
 
 ANICE'TON, Anice'tum, Mesia'mum, fi-om a, 
 privative, and viK-q, 'victory,' 'invincible.' A 
 plaster much extolled by the ancients in eases 
 of achores. It was formed of litharge, cerusse, 
 thus, alum, turpentine, white pepper, and oil. 
 
 ANI'DEUS, from av, privative, and eiSog, 
 'shape.' Amorphus. A monster devoid of shape. 
 —J. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 ANIDRO'SIS, from a, privative, and 'iSpw;, 
 'sweat.' Sudo'ria nul'litas vel priva'fio. Ab- 
 sence of sweat. Deficiency of perspiration. — 
 Ilippocrates. 
 
 ANILBMA, Borborygmus, Tormina. 
 
 ANILESIS, Borborygmus, Tormina. 
 
 ANILITAS, see Dementia. 
 
 AN'IMA, An'imus, Hens, PHijclie. The mind, 
 breath, kc, from avejiog, 'wind or breath.' (F.) 
 Ame. The principle of the intellectual and moral 
 manifestations. Also, the principle of life : — ^^the 
 iil'e of plants being termed An'ima vegctati'va, 
 (¥,) Ame vSgStative ; that of man, An'ima senai- 
 t-i'va, (F.) Ame sensitive. 
 
 The Anima of Stahl, An'ima Sfalilia'na, was a 
 fancied intelligent principle, which he supposed 
 t.> preside over the phenomena of life, —like the 
 Ar<:h(BU3 of Van Ilelmont. 
 
 Under the term Anima muncli, the ancient phi- 
 losophers meant a universal Spirit, which they 
 supposed spread over every part of the uni- 
 
 ANIMAL 
 
 The precise seat of the mind in tie brain has 
 given rise to many speculations. The point ia 
 unsettled. 
 
 With the ancient chemists, Anima meant the 
 active principle of a drug separated by some 
 chemical management. 
 
 Anima Aloes : see Aloes, Succotorina — a. Ar- 
 ticulorum, Hermodactylus — a. Ilepatis, Ferri sul- 
 phas — a. Puimonum, Crocvis — a. Rhei, Infusum 
 rhei — a. Stahliana, see Anima — a. Vegetativa, 
 Plastic force. 
 
 AN'IMAL, Zoon. A name given to every ani- 
 mated being. The greater part of animals have 
 the power of locomotion ; some can merely exe- 
 cute partial movements, such as contraction and 
 dilatation. In other respects it is often a matter 
 of difficulty to determine what is an animal 
 characteristic. The study of animals is called 
 Zool'ogi/. 
 
 An'imal, (adjective,) Anima'lis. That which 
 concerns, or belongs to, an animal. 
 
 Animal Heat, Color anima'lis, C. nati'vus, 
 Cal'idum anima'le, C. inna'titm, Biolych' nion, 
 Flam'mula vita'lis, Therma em' phytum, Thermum 
 em'phytum. Ignis anima'lis sen naiura'lis &eu 
 vita'lis, (F.) Ghaleur animale, is the caloric con- 
 stantly formed by the body of a living animal, 
 by virtue of which it preserves nearly the same 
 temperature, whatever may be that of the me- 
 dium in which it is placed. This formation 
 seems to take place over the whole of the body, 
 and to be connected with the action of nutrition. 
 
 The following are the natural temperatures of 
 certain animals; that of man being 9S° or 100°. 
 
 Animals. Temperatures. 
 
 Arctic Fox 107 
 
 Arctic Wolf ) 2Qg 
 
 Squirrel i 
 
 Hare \ ,04 
 
 Whale \ 
 
 Arctomvs citillus, liiil — in summer 103 
 
 "Do. when torpid, 80 to 84 
 
 Goat 103 
 
 Bat, in summer, \ -.ncy 
 
 Musk i 
 
 Marmota bobac,— £o6ac 101 or 102 
 
 House mouse, 101 
 
 Arctomys marmota, marmot, — in summer,. . 101 or 102 
 
 Do. when torpid 43 
 
 Rabbit 100 to 104 
 
 Polar Bear, 100 
 
 Dog 1 
 
 Cat I 
 
 Swine, ). 100 to 103 
 
 Sheep, I 
 
 Ox, J 
 
 Guinea-pig, 100 to 102 
 
 Arctomys glis, 09 
 
 Shrew, 98 
 
 Voung wolf, 9o 
 
 Fi'u\g\\\a. ArciKO., Arctic finch, ^ jj, 
 
 P^\ih(iv,o\a., redbreust, ( 
 
 Fringilla liiiaria, lesser red poll, 110 or 111 
 
 Faico palumbarius, goshawk i 
 
 Capriinulgus EuropiEus, European goat- > 100 
 
 sucker, j 
 
 Emberiza TiivnWs, svowbunting 109 to 110 
 
 Falco lanariiis, tanner, ") 
 
 Fringilla carduelis, goldfinch, 
 
 Corvus corax, ratien, )■ 109 
 
 Turdus, thrush, (of Ceylon,) I 
 
 Tetrao perdix, partrid<re, J 
 
 Anas clypeata, skoveler, ^ 
 
 Tringa pugnax, rvffe 
 
 Scolnpax, limosa, lesser godwit | 
 
 'I'etrao letrix, grouse, I jqq 
 
 Fringilla brumalis, winlerfinch, j 
 
 Loxia pyrrlmla,. 
 
 Falco nisus, pparrowhawk I 
 
 Vultur barbatus, J 
 
 A user pulchricollis, \ 
 
 Co\ymhMS diUr\i\is, dusky grebe, J .„_ 
 
 Tringa vanellus, lapwing, wounded, [ 
 
 Telrao lagopus, ptarmigan J 
 
 Fringilla AomesWca, house sparrow,. , , lOTtolSl 
 
ANIMALCULA SEMINALIA 
 
 78 
 
 ANKYLOSIS 
 
 Animals. Temperature. 
 
 i?(rix passer ilia, IMle owl, ") 
 
 Uteiiiainpiis (i>tralef;iis, sea-pie, j 
 
 Anas peiielope, widgeon, \ 106 
 
 Anas strepera, gadmatl 
 
 Pelecaiiiis carho, J 
 
 Falc" ossiriajrus, xeaeaglc 1 
 
 Falica atra, euot, > 105 
 
 Anas acuta, pinlail-duck j 
 
 Falco mi I V us, kite, (wounded,) ) 2q^ 
 
 Merops apiastor, bee-ea/.er, j 
 
 Goose, '^ 
 
 "«"" I 103 to 107 
 
 Dove,. f 
 
 Duck, J 
 
 Ardea stPllaris, 1 
 
 Falco alhicollis, > 103 
 
 Picus rn.ajor, ) 
 
 Cossus liguipcrda, 89 to 91 
 
 Shark, 83 
 
 Torpedo marmorata 74 
 
 AsiMAL KiNGDOJf, (F.) Eec/ne Animal, com- 
 prises all animated beings. 
 
 Anijial Layer, see l^ache emiryonnaire. 
 
 A??iMAL MAGNETiSJf, see Magnetism, animal. 
 
 ANIMALCULA SEMINALIA, Spermatozoa 
 — a. Spermatiea, Spermatozoa. 
 
 ANIMAL'CULE, Aninial'culum; diminutive 
 of animal. A small animal. An animal well 
 • seen only by means of the microscope. 
 
 ANIMALCULES, SEMINAL, Spermatozoa^ 
 a. Spermatic, Spermatozoa. 
 
 ANIMAL'CULIST, An'imalist. One who at- 
 tempts to explain different physiological or pa- 
 thological phenomena by means of animalcules. 
 
 ANIMALCULUM, Animalcule. 
 
 ANIMALIST, Animalculist 
 
 ANIMAL'ITY, Animal'itaa. Qualities which 
 distinguish that which is animated. That which 
 constitutes the animal. 
 
 ANIMAL IZA'TION, Animalisa' tio. The 
 transformation of the nutritive parts of food into 
 the living substance of the body to be nourished. 
 
 To AN'IMATE, Anima're. To unite the living 
 principle with an organized body. The French 
 use it in the sense of, — to excite or render active ; 
 as, animer un vesicatoire : to excite a blister to 
 suppurate. 
 
 ANIMATIO FCETUS, see Quickening. 
 
 ANIMA'TION, Zoo'sis, Anima'tio, from (tnima, 
 ' the soul or mind.' The act of animating. The 
 state of being enlivened. 
 
 Animation, Suspended, Asphyxia. 
 
 AN'IME, (rnm an'ime, Aminm'a, Can'camy, 
 Oummi ayi'ime, Can' camtim. A resin obtained 
 from the trunk of Hymen' aa cour'haril. It has 
 been given as a cephalic and uterine. It is not 
 used. The plant is also called Gour'baril. 
 
 ANIME, (F.) An epithet applied to the 
 countenance, when florid, in health or disease. 
 
 ANIMELL.E, Parotid. 
 
 ANIMI CASUS STTBITUS, Syncope— a. De- 
 Ijqnium, Syncope — a. Pathemata, Passions. 
 
 AN'IMIST, from anima, 'the soul.' One who, 
 following the example of Stahl, refers all the 
 phenomona of the animal economy to the soul. 
 
 The f.n'.l, according to Stahl, is the immediate 
 and iiQt/Ji\gent agent of every movement, and of 
 every txaterial change in the body. Stahl there- 
 fore concluded, that disease is nothing more 
 than a disturbance or disorder in the government 
 of the economy, or <an effort by which the soul, 
 attentive to every morbific cause, endeavours to 
 expel whatever may be deranging the habitual 
 order of health. See Stahlianism. 
 ANIMUS, Anima, Breath. 
 ANLS, Piinpinella .inisum — a. Ai/jre. Cuminum 
 Cyminum — n. de la Chine, Illicium anisaium — a. 
 h<ni3-, Ancr.iiura — a. EloiU, Illicium anisatum. 
 AKISA'aUM, from ^retsum, 'Anise.' A sort 
 
 of medicated wine, formerly prepared with honey, 
 wine of Ascalon, and aniseed. 
 
 ANISCALPTOR, Latissimus dorsL 
 ANISCHURIA, Enuresis. 
 ANISE, Pimpinella anisum — a. Star, Illicium 
 anisatum, I. Floridanum — a. Tree, Florida, Illi- 
 cium Floridanum — a. Tree, yellow-flowered, Illi- 
 cium anisatum. 
 
 ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisum. 
 ANISI SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisum. 
 ANISO'DUS LU'RIDUS, Nican'dra anom'- 
 ala, Phy'ealis stramo'nium,, Whitle'ya stramo'ni- 
 folia A plant of Nepal, possessed of narcotic 
 properties, and resembling belladonna and to- 
 bacco. It dilates the pupU, and is used in dis- 
 eases of the eye like belladonna. It is given in 
 alcoholic tincture (dried leaves gj. to alcohol 
 f 5 vii]). Dose, 20 drops internally in the 24 hours. 
 ANISOPHYLLUM IPECACUANHA, Eu- 
 phorbia Ipecacuanha. 
 
 ANISOS'THENES, Inmqua'li roh'ore pollens. 
 That which is unequal in strength : from a, priv., 
 1(705, ' equal,' and aStvog, ' strength.' An epithet 
 applied particularly to the muscular contractility 
 which, in the sick, is sometimes augmented in 
 certain muscles only, — in the flexors, for example. 
 ANISOT'ACHYS, from a, priv., laos, 'equal,' 
 and Ta)(^v;, 'quick.' An epithet for the pulse> 
 when quick and unequal — Gorraeus. 
 
 ANISUM, Pimpinella anisum — a. Africanum 
 frutescens, Bubon Galbanum — a. Fruticosum gal- 
 baniferum, Bubon galbanum — a. Ofiicinale, Pim- 
 pinella anisum — a. Sinense, Illicium anisatum — 
 a^ Stellatum, Illicium anisatum — a. Vulgarc, 
 Pimpinella anisum. 
 
 ANKLE, Asiragalus, Malleolus. 
 ANKUS, Ancus. 
 
 A N K Y LOBLEPH' ARON, Ancijlohleph' aron, 
 Palpebra'rum coal'itns, from ayKvyiri, ' contrac- 
 tion,' and p\c.ij>apov, 'eyelid.' A preternatural 
 union between the free edges of the eyelids. 
 Likewise called Symblepih'aron, Syviblepharo' sia, 
 and Pros'pkysis. 
 
 Also, union between the eyelids and globe of 
 the eye. — Aetius. 
 
 ANKYLODON'TIA, from ayKvUs, 'crooked,' 
 and oSuvg, ' a tooth.' Aji irregular position of tho 
 teeth in the jaws. 
 
 ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Aneyloglos'sia, Ooncre', 
 tio lingucB, from ayKvXos, ' crooked,' or ' con- 
 tracted,' and yXuao-a, 'the tongue.' Impeded mo- 
 tion of the tongue in consequence of adhesion 
 between its margins and the gums; or in conse- 
 queuce of the shortness of the fraenum : the latter 
 affection constituting Tongue-tie, Olopho'nia lin'~ 
 f/ucB frmna'ta. It merely requires the frsenum to 
 be divided with a pair of scissors. 
 
 ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM, from anhyloglot- 
 sia, ' tongue-tie,' and Tofiri, 'incision.' An iustm- 
 ment used in the operation for tongue-tie. 
 
 ANKYLOME'LE, Ancylome'le, from ayKiXor, 
 'crooked/ and //r,X;;, 'a probe.' A curved probe. 
 — Galen. 
 
 ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Aticylomeria' mu«, 
 from ayKv\rj, 'a contraction, and liepo;, 'a par%' 
 Morbid adhesion between parts. 
 ANKYLOPS, iEgilops. 
 
 ANKYLO'SIS, Ancylo'ais, Anchylo'sis, An'- 
 cyle. Stiff Joint, from ayxv'Xog, -crooked.' An' 
 affection, in which there is- great difiiculty or 
 even impossibility of moving a diarthrodial arti- 
 culation. It is so called, because the limb com- 
 monly remains in a constant state of flexion. 
 Anchylosis is said to be comj)lcte or true, when 
 there is an intimate adhesion between the syno- 
 vial surfaces, with union of the articular extremi- 
 ties of tho bones. In the incomplete or false an- 
 chylosis, there is obscure motion, but the fibrouj 
 
ANKLOTOMUS 
 
 r& 
 
 ANOMALIA 
 
 parts around the joint are more or less stiff and 
 tliiclcenc^d. In the treatment of this last state, 
 the joint must be gently and gradually exercised; 
 and oily, relaxing applications be assiduously em- 
 ployed. 
 
 AsKyLOSis Sputiia, Rigiditas articulorum. 
 
 ANKYLOT'OMUS, Aneylot'omus, from ayKvKog, 
 'crooked,' and re/ivtiv, 'to cut.' Any kind of 
 curved knife. — Paulus. An instrument for di- 
 viding the freenum linguaj. — Scultetus. 
 
 ANNEAU, Ring — a. Crural, Crural canal — a. 
 Diajihragmatique, Diaphragmatic ring — a. Femo- 
 ral, Crural canal — a. Inguinal, Inguinal ring — a. 
 Onihilical, Umbilical ring. 
 
 ANNEXE, Accessory, Appendix. 
 
 ANNI CRITICI, Climacteriei (anni)— a. De- 
 cretorii, Climacteriei (anni) — a. Fatales, Climac- 
 teriei (anni) — a. Genethliaci, Climacteriei (anni) 
 a. Gradarii, Climacteriei (anni) — a. Hebdomadici, 
 Climacteriei (anni) — a. Heroici, Climacteriei 
 (anni) — a. Natalitii, Climacteriei (anni) — a. Sca- 
 lares, Climacteriei (anni) — a. Scansiles, Climacte- 
 riei (anni). 
 
 ANNOTA'TIO, Episma'sia. Under this term 
 Bome have included the preludes to an attack of 
 intermittent fever — as yawning, stretching, som- 
 nolency, chilliness, &c. 
 
 ANNOTTO, see Terra Orleana. 
 
 AN'NUAL DISEASES, Iforbi an'mii, M. an- 
 niversa'rii, (F.) Maladies annuelles. A name 
 given, by some, to diseases which recur every 
 year about the same period. Eebris annua, (F.) 
 Fievre annuelle, is a term used for a fancied in- 
 termittent of this type. 
 
 ANNUENS, Rectus capitis internus minor. 
 
 ANNUIT"IO, Nodding, from ad, 'to,' and 
 nutua, ' a nod.' A gesture denoting assent in 
 most countries. Also, the state of somnolency, 
 when the individual is in the erect or sitting 
 posture, with the head unsupported, in which 
 the power of volition over the extensor muscles 
 of the head is lost, and the head drops forward. 
 
 AN'NULAR, Annula'ris, CricoVdes, (annus, 
 'a circle.') Any thing relating to a ring, or 
 which has the shape or fulfils the functions of a 
 ring ; from annulus, ' a ring,' itself. 
 
 Annular Finger, Jiing Finger, I)ig"itus an- 
 nula'ris, Param'esos. The fourth finger, so called 
 from the wedding ring being worn thereon. 
 
 Annular Ganglion, see Ciliary ligament. 
 
 Annular Lig'ament, Transverse ligament, 
 Oru'cial ligament. A strong ligamentous band, 
 which arches across the area of the ring of the 
 atlas, from a rough tubercle upon the inner sur- 
 face of one articular process, to a similar tubercle 
 on the other. It serves to retain the odontoid 
 process of the axis in connexion with the ante- 
 rior arch of the atlas. 
 
 An'nular Lig'ament of the Ra'dius, is a very 
 strong fibro-cartilaginous band, which forms, with 
 the lesser sigmoid cavity of the cubitus, a kind 
 of ring, in which the head of the radius turns 
 with facility. 
 
 An'nular Lig'aments of the Carpus, Ar- 
 mil'lcB manus memlrano'scB, are two in number. 
 
 The one, anterior, is a broad, fibrous, quadri- 
 lateral band, extending transversely before the 
 carpus, and forming the gutter, made by the 
 wrist, into a canal. It is attached, externally, 
 to the trapezium and scaphoides; and internally 
 to the OS pisiforme and process of the unciforme. 
 It keeps the tendons of the flexor muscles, me- 
 dian nerve, &c., applied against the carpus. 
 
 The posterior ligament is situate transversely 
 behind the joint of the hand, and covers the 
 Bneaths of the tendons, which pass to the back 
 of the hand. Its fibres are white and shining, 
 and aro attached, externally, to the inferior aad 
 
 outer part of the radius ; internally to the ulna 
 and OS pisiforme. 
 
 An'nular Lig'aments of the Tarsi; s are two 
 in number. The anterior is quadrilateral, and 
 extends transversely above the instep. It is at- 
 tached to the superior depression of the os calcis, 
 and to the malleolus internus. It embraces the 
 tendons of the extensor muscles of the toes, the 
 tibialis anticus, a.ud peronetcs anticus. The inter- 
 nal is broader than the last. It descends from 
 the malleolus internus to the posterior and inner 
 part of the os calcis, with which it forms a kind 
 of canal, enclosing the sheaths of the tendons of 
 the tibialis jiosticuso flexor longus digitorum pedis, 
 and F. longus pollicis pedis, as well as the plantar 
 vessels and nerves. 
 
 Annular Vein, Vena annula'ris, is situat* 
 between the annular finger and the little finger. 
 Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases of 
 the spleen. 
 
 ANNULARIS, Cricoid: see Digitus — a. Ani, 
 Sphincter ani. 
 
 ANNULI CARTILAGINEI, see Trachea— a. 
 Cartilaginosi Trachese, see Trachea. 
 
 A NN UL I- TENDING - PHALANGIENS, 
 Lumbricales manus. 
 
 ANNULUS, Dactylius, Vulva — a. Abdominis, 
 Inguinal ring — -a. Albidus, see Ciliary (body) — 
 a. Collulosus, Ciliary ligament — a. Ciliaris, Cili- 
 ary ligament — a. Fossae ovalis : see Oralis fossa 
 — a. Gangliformis, see Ciliary (body) — a. Repens, 
 Herpes circinatus — a. Umbilicalis, Umbilical ring 
 — a. Ventriculi, Pylorus — a. Vieussenii, see Ova- 
 lis fossa. 
 
 ANO, av(a. A prefix denoting ' above, up.' 
 
 ANOCHI'LUS, from avu, 'above,' and ;^£:iX»f, 
 ' lip.' The upper lip. Also, one who has a large 
 upper lip. 
 
 ANOC<ELIA, Stomach, 
 
 ANO'DIA, from av, priv., and abr;, 'song.' 
 An unconnected or dissonant mode of speech. 
 
 ANOD'IC, Anod'icua, from avta, 'above, up,' 
 and 'obog, ' a way.' Tending upwards. An epi- 
 thet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to an ascend- 
 ing course of nervous action. 
 
 ANODIN, Anotlyne. 
 
 ANODIN'IA, from a, av, privative, and udn, 
 ' a labour pain.' Absence of labour pains. 
 
 ANODMIA, Anosmia. 
 
 ANODUS, Edentulus. 
 
 AN'ODYNE, Anod'ynus, Antod'ynus, Ant id' . 
 ynous (improperly,) Paregor'icus, Anet'icus, Ant. 
 al'gicus, Acesod'ynes, (F.) Anodin ou Anodyn, 
 from a, av, privative, and oSvvn, 'pain.' Anodynet 
 are those medicines which relieve pain, or cause 
 it to cease; as opium, belladonna, &c. They act 
 by blunting the sensibility of the encephalon, so 
 that it does not appreciate the morbid sensation. 
 
 ANODYN'IA, Indolen'tia. Cessation or ab- 
 sence of pain. Vogel has given this name to « 
 genus of diseases, characterized by a cessation 
 of pain, and the exasperation of other symptoms^ 
 as we see in gangrene. 
 
 ANODYNUM MINERALE, Potassse nitraa 
 sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
 
 AN 03' A, Anoia, from a, privative, and looi, 
 'mind.' Delirium, imbecility. See Dementia and 
 Idiotism. 
 
 ANOESIA, Dementia. 
 
 Anoesia Adstricta, Melancholy. 
 
 ANOIA, Anoea. 
 
 ANOMAL, Anomalous. 
 
 ANOMALES, Anomalous. 
 
 ANOSIA'LIA, from av, privative, and o^i-i^^?, 
 'regular.' Abnor'mitas, Alicna'tio. Anomaly, 
 abnormity, irregularity. In Pathology, .onomaly 
 means something unusual in the symptoms pro- 
 per to a disease, or in the morbid appei'-iai-'ca* 
 presented by it. 
 
ANOMAL TR OP HIES 
 
 80 
 
 ANTEREISIS 
 
 AsoMA LiA XERVORiTsr, Nervous diathesis. 
 
 ANOMALOTROPHIES, from av, privative, 
 p/xaXos, 'regular,' and rpoipi], 'nourishment.' A 
 class of diseases, which consist in modifications 
 in the nutrition of organs. — Gendrin. 
 
 ANOM'ALOUS, Anom'alua, Anom'ales; the 
 same etymon. Irregular; contrary to rule. (F.) 
 Anomal. In Medicine, a disease is called ano- 
 malous, in whose symptoms or progress there is 
 something unusual. Affections are also called 
 anomalous, which cannot be referred to any 
 known species. 
 
 ANOMALOUS, Irregular. 
 
 ANOMMATUS, Anophthalmus. 
 
 ANOMOCEPH'ALUS, from a, priv., vo,xo$, 
 ' rule,' and Kz<pa\n, ' head.' One whose head is 
 deformed. — Geoffroi Saint-Hilaire. 
 
 ANOM'PHALUS, from av, priv., and ofx'paXo;, 
 ' the navel.' One devoid of navel. Many writers 
 Lave endeavoured to show that Adam and Eve 
 must have been avonipakoi, as they could not have 
 had umbilical vessels. 
 
 ANO'NA TRIPET'ALA. A tree of the /a»?t7i/ 
 Anonege or Anonaceso ; Sex. Synt, Polyandria 
 polygynia, from fifteen to twenty feet high, na- 
 tive of South America^ which bears a delicious 
 fruit called Chirimoya. Both the fruit and flowers 
 emit a fine fragrance, which, vrhen the tree is 
 covered with blossom, is almost overpowering — 
 Tschudi. 
 
 ANONIS, Ononis. 
 
 ANONYME, Innominatum. 
 
 ANON'YMOUS, Anon'ymus, Innomlna'tus, (F.) 
 Anonymt, from av, privative, and oyo/.!a, 'name.' 
 That which has no name. 
 
 The word has been applied to many parts of 
 the body: — to the Anonymous bone or Os inno- 
 minatum: — the Anonymous foramen or Foramen 
 innominatiim, &c. 
 
 ANOPHRESIA, Anosmia. 
 
 ANOPHTHAL'MUS, Anom'maUu, from av, 
 privative, and oipBaXfio;, ' an eye,' A monster 
 devoid of eyes. 
 
 ANOPS'IA, from av, priv., and (o\l/, ' the eye.' 
 A case of monstrosity in which the eye and orbit 
 are wanting. 
 
 ANOPTIOONERYIE. Amaurosis. 
 
 ANOR'CHIDES, from av, priv., and opx^?^ 'a 
 testicle.' They who are without testicles. — For- 
 tunatus Fidelis. 
 
 ANOREX'IA, from av, priv., and opfi?. 'ap- 
 petite. Inappeten'tia, Limo'sis expers, {F.) Perte 
 d'appetit. Absence of appetite, without loathing. 
 Anorexia or want of appetite is symptomatic of 
 most diseases. Also, Indigestion, Dyspepsia. 
 
 Anorexia Exhausto'rum, Frigidity of the 
 stomach — a. Slirabilis, Fasting. 
 
 ANORGANIC, see Anhistous, and Inorganic. 
 
 ANORJIAL,, Abnormous. 
 
 ANOS'IA, from a, priv., and voao;, 'disease.' 
 Health. Freedom from disease. 
 
 AN OS' MIA, from a, privative, and oc-fi?/, 
 odour.' Loss of smell. Diminution of the sense 
 of smell. Called, also, Anoxpihre'aia, Anosphra' - 
 sia, AnopTiro' sia, Paros'mia, Anod'mia, Anosrno'- 
 »>a, Olfactua amis'sio, 0. deflc"!cns, ByscBi'the'sia 
 olfacto'ria, Ancesthe'sia offacto'ria, Odora'tus de- 
 yer-'ditus, (¥.) Pertc dc I'Odorat. 
 
 ANOSMOSIA, Anosmia. 
 
 ANOSPHRASIA, Anosmia,. 
 
 ANOSPHRESIA, Anosmia. 
 
 ANSE (P.,) Ansa (L.,) signines, properly, the 
 nandle of certain vessels, usually of an arched 
 form. By analogy, it has been applied to that 
 which is curved in the form of such handle. 
 Thus, the French speak of Anse intcstinale to 
 •ignify a Bortion of intestine, supported by its 
 
 mesentery, and describing a curved line : — ale©, 
 of Anse nerveuse, Anse anastomotique, &c. 
 
 Anse de fil is used, in Surgery, to designate a 
 thread, curved in the form of an Anse. 
 
 ANSERINA, Potentilla anserina. 
 
 ANSERINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides — a. 
 Antkelmintiqne, Chenopodium anthelminticum — 
 a. Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Henricus — a- 
 Botrys, Chenopodium Botrys — a. Fetide, Cheno- 
 podium vulvaria — a. Ycrhtifarje, Chenopodium 
 anthelminticum. 
 
 ANTACIDS, Anti-acids, Antiac"ida, Inver- 
 ten'tia, from anti, 'against,' and acida, 'acids.' 
 Remedies which obviate acidity in the stomach. 
 They are chemical agents, and act by neutralizing 
 the acid. Those chiefly used are ammonia, calcis 
 carbonas, calx, magnesia, magnesi^e carbonas, 
 potassa, potassse bicarbonas, p. carbonas, sodse 
 bicarbonas, and s. carbonas. They are, of course, 
 only palliatives, removing that v.hich exists, not 
 preventing the formation of more. 
 
 ANTAG'ONISM, Antarjonis'nius, Aniis'tasis, 
 from avTt, 'against,' and ayixivi^eiv, 'to act.* Ac- 
 tion in an opposite direction. It applies to the 
 action of muscles that act in a contrary direc- 
 tion to others. In estimating the force of the 
 muscles, this antagonism must be attended to. 
 
 ANTAG'ONIST, Antaf/onis'ta. A muscle 
 whose action produces an eflect contrary to that 
 of another muscle. Every muscle has its anta- 
 gonist, because there is no motion in one direc- 
 tion without a capability of it in another. 
 
 ANTALGICUS. Anodyne. 
 
 ANTAPHRODIS'IAC, Antaplirodit'io, Anta- 
 phrodisiacus, Anaphrod.isiacus, Anophrodisiac, 
 Anterot'icus, from avn, 'against,' and a(pfiociciaKos, 
 'aphrodisiac' A substance capable of blunting 
 the venereal appetite. 
 
 ANTAPHRODITIC, Antaphrodisiac. 
 
 ANTAPOD'USIS, from airaTro^ioo/zj, 'I return 
 in exchange.' TLe succession and return of the 
 febrile periods. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANTAPOPLECTICUS. Antiapoplectic. 
 
 ANTARTHRITIC, Antiarthritic. 
 
 ANTASTIIENICUS, Tonic. 
 
 ANTASTIIMATICUS, Antiasthmatic. 
 
 ANTATROPII'IC, Antotroph'icns, Anfat'ro- 
 pilius, Antiatrojih'icus, from avn, 'against,' and 
 aTpo(pia, ' atrophy.' A remedy opposed to atro- 
 phy or consumption. 
 
 ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibrachial. 
 
 A N T E C E N D E N ' T I A. The precursor)- or 
 warning symptoms of a disease. 
 
 A'STEL A'BI A, Prochei' la, from ante, 'before,' 
 and labia, 'the lips.' The extremity of the lips. 
 
 ANTELOPE, Antilopus. 
 
 ANTEMBALLOMENUM, Snceedaneum. 
 
 ANTEM'BASIS, from avn, and eixpanw, 'I 
 enter.' ilu'taus ingrcs'svM. The mutual recep- 
 tion of bones. — Galen. 
 
 ANTEMETIC, Antiemetic. 
 
 ANTENDEIXIS, Coixnter-indication. 
 
 ANTENDIXIS, Counter-indication. 
 
 ANTENEAS'MUS, from avn, 'against,' and 
 vtnv, 'audacious.' One furious against himself. 
 Mania, in which the patient attempts his own 
 
 ANTENNA'RIA DIOI'CA, Gnoplia'lium Di- 
 oi'cum, Hispid'ida, Pes cati, Elichry'suin monta'- 
 nuni, JDia'cioiis Evcrlast'ing, Catsfoot, (F.) Pied 
 de chat. A common European plant, which has 
 been advised in hemorrbage. diarrhoea, &c. 
 
 ANTEPHIALTIC, Antiephialtic. 
 
 ANTEPILEPTIC, Autiepileptie. 
 
 ANTEPONENS, Anticipating. 
 
 ANTEREI'SIS, from avn, 'against,' and tptt- 
 S(i), 'I support.' The resistance — the solidity — 
 of bonea. — Hippocrates. 
 
ANTERIE UE DU MAR TEA U 
 
 81 
 
 ANTHRAKOKALI 
 
 ANTERIEUR BU 3IARTEAU, Laxator 
 tympani — a. de I' Oreille, Anterior auris. 
 " ANTE'RIOR, Anti'cus, from ante, 'before.' 
 Situate before. Great confusion has prevailed 
 with anatomists in tiie use of the terms before, 
 behind, <fcc. Generally, the word anterior is ap- 
 })!ied to parts situate before the median line, the 
 body being in the erect posture, with the face 
 and palms of the hands turned forwards ; and 
 the feet applied longitudinallj' together. 
 
 Ante'rior Au'ris (Muscle,) Auricula' rin ante'- 
 rlor, At'trahens auric'idam (F.) Auricidaire antc- 
 fiear, Anterieur de I'oreille, Zygomato-oriculaire. 
 A small muscle, passing from the jjosterior part 
 of the zygoma to the helix. Use, to draw the ear 
 forwards and upwards. 
 
 Anterior Mallei, Laxator tympani. 
 ANTEROTICUS, Antaphrodfsiae. 
 ANTEUPHORBIUM, Cacalia anteuphorbium. 
 ANTEVER'SION, Antever'sio, Antrover'sio, 
 from ante, 'before,' 2indvertere,versum, 'to turn.' 
 Displacement of the uterus, in which the fundus 
 is turned towards the pubes, whilst its orifice is 
 towards the sacrum. It may be caused by extra- 
 ordinary size of the pelvis, pressure of the viscera 
 on the uterus, <tc. ; and is recognised by exami- 
 nation per vaginam. See Retroversio uteri. 
 
 A N T H JH M P T Y i C U S, Antikmmopti/icus, 
 from avTi, 'against,' and hcEiuojjtysis, 'spitting 
 of blood.' Against spitting of blood. A remedy 
 for spitting of blood — antihcEmoptyicum [reme- 
 div/m.) 
 
 ANTn^^MORRHAGICUS, Antihemorrhagic. 
 ANTHECTICUS, Antihectic. 
 ANTHELIT'RAGUS, (F.) AntUUtragien. 
 One of the proper muscles of the pavilion of 
 the ear. 
 
 ANT'HELIX, Anti-lieUx, from avri, 'before,' 
 and 'tXif, ' the helix.' An eminence on the car- 
 tilage of the ear, in front of the helix, and ex- 
 t-eiuiing from the concha to the groove of the 
 holix, where it bifurcates. 
 
 ANTHELMIN'TIC, Antihelmin'ticus, Anti- 
 B''f>'.'icus, Antkelmin'tkicus, Antiscolet'icus, Hel- 
 tnin'thicufi, Helminthago' gu^, Antivermino' sus, 
 Vcrmif'ugus, Ver'mi/uge, from avTi, 'against,' 
 and '^Xjnv;, 'a worm.' A remedy which de- 
 stroys or expels worms, or prevents their for- 
 mation and development. The chief anthel- 
 mintics are, Ghenopodium, Mueu'na, Oleum ani- 
 male Dippelii, Oleum Terebinthinos, Sodii Chlo- 
 ridum, Spigelia, and Pulvis Stanni. See Worms. 
 ANTHEMA ERUPTIO, Exanthem. 
 AN'THEMIS COT'ULA, from avOcu, 'Iflower.' 
 A. /(Xt'ida, Oot'nla, C. fos'tida, Cofa, Oynan'the- 
 rnis, OhamcBme'lnm fce'tidum, An'theinis Nove- 
 boracen' sis, Chamomil' la spu'ria sen/w'tida, May- 
 Jioiner, Ma.yweed, Stinking Ohamomile, Wild 
 Oham'omile, Dog's fennel, Dilly, Diliceed, Eield- 
 veed, Pissiceed. Nat. Ord. Compositfe Corym- 
 biferse. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Superflua. (F.) 
 Maroute, Gamomille fetide, CamomiUe puante. 
 This plant has a very disagreeable smell : and 
 the leaves have a strong, acrid, bitterish taste. 
 It is reputed to have been useful in hysterical 
 afiFoctions. 
 
 An'themis Fcetlda, a. eotula. 
 As'themis No'bilis, a. odora'ta, Ohamame'- 
 lum, Ohaniem(s'lum No'bile, Ohamomil'la Roma'- 
 VI, Eiian'lhemon, An'tJiemis, Oliama.me'lum odo- 
 f'l'tara, Leucan'themum, Matrica'ria, (F.) Oamo- 
 viille Romaine. The leaves and flowers — Anthe- 
 vds, Ph. U. S. — have a strong smell, and bitter, 
 nauseous taste. The flowers .are chiefly used. 
 They possess tonie and stomachic properties, and 
 are much given as a pleasant and cheap bitter. 
 A simple infusion is taken to produce, or to assist 
 6 
 
 vomiting. Externally, they are often used in 
 fomentations. 
 
 The O'leum Antliem' idis ■possess.QS the aromalio 
 properties of the plant, but not the bitter aad 
 tonic. Consequently, the ' Chamomile Drops' a3 
 sold by the di'uggists, must be devoid of the lat- 
 ter qualities. They are made by adding 01. 
 anthem, f^j. to Sp. vini rectif. Oj. 
 
 Anthemis Noveboracensis, a. Cotula. 
 Anthemis Odorata, A. cotula. 
 An'themis Py'rethritm, Py'rethrum, Anacyc'- 
 Ins pyrethrutn, Pyrcthrum vcrvm, Buphlhal'muin 
 Ore'ticum, Denta' ria, Hcrba salioa'ris, Pes Alex- 
 andri'nus, Spanish Chamomile, Pellitory of Sp>airi. 
 (F.) Pyretlire, Racine salivaire. Pied d' Alexan- 
 dre. The root is hot and acrid, its acrimony re- 
 siding in a resinous principle. It is never used 
 except as a masticatoryin toothache, rheumatism 
 of the face, paralysis of the tongue, <feo. It acts 
 as a powerful sialogogue. 
 
 The Pellitory of the shops in Germany is said 
 to be derived from Anacyc'lus ojficina'rum; a 
 plant cultivated in Thuringia for medicinal pur- 
 poses. 
 
 An'themis Tincto'ria, Buphthal'mi Herba, 
 Dyer's Chamomile, a European plant, has a bitter 
 and astringent taste, and has been regarded sto- 
 machic and vulnerary. (F.) Camomilie des Tein- 
 turiers, CEil de Boexf. 
 
 Anthemis Vulgaris, Matricaria Chamomilla. 
 ANTHE'RA, from avdnpog, 'florid,' so called 
 from its florid colour. A remedy compounded of 
 several substances, myrrh, sandarac, alum, saf- 
 fron, &c. It was used under the form of lini- 
 ment, collyrium, electuary, and powder. — Celsus, 
 Galen. 
 ANTHEREON, Mentum. 
 ANTHORA, Aconitum anthora — a. Vulgaris, 
 Aconitum anthora. 
 
 ANTHORIS'MA, from avrt, 'against,' and 
 of)i(T[ia, 'boundary.' Tumor diffu'sus. A tumor 
 without any defined margin. 
 
 ANTHOS : see Rosmarinus — a„ Sylvestris,. 
 Ledum sylvestre. 
 
 ANTHRA'CIA, from av^pa^, ' coal.' Carbun'- 
 eular Exan'them. An eruption of tumours, im- 
 perfectly suppurating, with indurated edges, and,, 
 for the most part, a sordid and sanious core. A 
 genus in the order Exantliematica, class Hce- 
 matica of Good, and including Plague and Yaws^ 
 Anthracia, Anthracosis — a. Pestis, Plague — ■ 
 a. Rubula, Frambcesia. 
 
 ANTHRACIOX, see Anthrax. 
 AjST'THRACOID, Anthvaco' des, from av^pa^^ 
 'coal,' and ttio^, 'resemblance.' (F.) Charbon-- 
 neux. As black as coal. Accompanied by or 
 resembling anthrax. 
 
 ANTHRACOMA, Anthrax. 
 ANTHRACONECROSIS, see Sphacelus. 
 ANTURACOPHLYCTIS, see Anthrax. 
 ANTHRACOSIA, Anthrax. 
 ANTHRACO'SIS, Anthra'cia, Oarho Palpe- 
 bra'rum, from av^pa^, ' a coal.' A species of car- 
 buncle, which attacks the eyelids and globe of 
 the eye. — Paulns of u3Egina. Also, a carbuncle 
 of any kind. It has been used for the "black lun^ 
 of coal miners," which is induced by carbona- 
 ceous accumulation in the lungs. Pscudo-meh>. 
 not'ic formation, (Carswell). When ulceration 
 results' from this cause, black phthisis, (F.) Phthi- 
 sic avec Melanose, exists. See Melanosis. 
 Anthracosis Pulmonfm, see Melanosis. 
 ANTHRACOTYPHUS, Plague. 
 ANTHRAKOK'ALI, Lithanthrahoh'alt, from 
 avdpa^, 'coal,' and kali, 'potassa.' An article in- 
 troduced as a remedy in cutaneous diseases. It 
 is formed by dissolving carbonate of potassa in 
 10 or 12 paxts of boiling wa*£r agd adding a» 
 
ANTHRAX 
 
 82 
 
 ANTIBRACHIUM 
 
 much slacked lime as will separate the potassa. 
 The filtered liquor is placed on the fire in an iron 
 vessel, and suffered to evaporate, until neither 
 froth nor eifervesoence occurs, and the liquid pre- 
 sents a smooth surface like oil. To this, levigated 
 coal is added in the proportion of 160 grammes 
 to 192 grammes of potassa. The mixture is 
 stirred, and removed from the fire, and the stir- 
 ring is continued, until a black homogeneous 
 powder results. A auIpTiuretted anthrakokali is 
 made by mixing accurately 16 grammes of sul- 
 phur with the coal, and dissolving the mixture in 
 the potassa as directed above. The dose of the 
 simple and sulphuretted preparations is about 
 two grains three times a day. 
 
 ANTHRAX, avOpa^, ' a coal,' Antrax, Carlo, 
 Ruhi'nus verus, Oodesel'la, Erythe'ma gangrmno'- 
 8um, Grantris'tum, Prima, Per'sicus Ignis, Pyra, 
 Granatris'twn., Phyma Anthrax, Erythema an- 
 thrax, Carbun'culus, Anthraco'sia, Anthraco'ma, 
 Absces'sus gangrmncs' cens, A. gangrceno'sus, Fn- 
 run'culus malig'nus, F. gangrano'sua, Onrhuncle, 
 (F.) Charbon. An inflammation, essentially gan- 
 grenous, of the cellular membrane and skin, 
 which may arise from an internal or external 
 cause. In the latter case it is called Anthra' cion, 
 Vesic'ula gangrcenes'cena, AtithracopMyc'tis, Pvs- 
 tule maligne; Bouton d'Alep, Feu Persique, {Per- 
 sian fire), Malvat, Bouton malin, Puce maligne, and 
 is characterized at the outset by a vesication or 
 bleb filled with a sero-sanguinolent fluid, under 
 which a small induration is formed, surrounded 
 by an areolar inflammation, which becomes gan- 
 grenous. It has been thought by some to be in- 
 duced altogether by contact with the matter of 
 the carbuncle of animals, or of the exuvias of 
 the bodies of such as had died of the disease, 
 but it is now known to arise primarily in the 
 human subject. This form of carbuncle has re- 
 ceived different names, many of them from the 
 places where it has prevailed; — Garbwn'culua 
 contagio' iua sen GaVliciis sou Himga'ricus sou 
 Pqlon'icua seu Septentriona'lis, llorbua puatulo'sua 
 Fin'mcus, Pus'tula gangrmnoaa seu Liv'ida Es- 
 tho'nia, Pemphigus Ilitngar'icus. 
 
 Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treatment 
 is similar to that which is required in case of 
 gangrene attacking a part. 
 
 AffHRAX PuLMONiiM, Necropneumonia. 
 ANTHRISCUS CEREFOLIUM, Seandix ce- 
 rcfo'liiim — a. Ilumilis, Chaerophyllum Sylvestre 
 — tt. Procerus, ChserophyUum Sylvestre. 
 ANTHROPE, Cutis. 
 
 ANTHROPIAT'RICA (MEDICINA,) from 
 nv6pii>-os, ' man,' and larpos, ' a physician.' Me- 
 dicine applied to man in contradistinction to 
 animals. 
 ANTIIROPOCHEMIA, Chymistry (human). 
 ANTHROPOCIIYMY, Chymistry, (human). 
 j4NTHR0P0GEN'IA, Anthropjogen'esis, An- 
 thropog" eny , from av&puyTro;, 'man,' and yevetn;, 
 ' generation.' The knowlege, or study, or phe- 
 nomena of human generation. 
 
 ANTIIROPO G'R APHY, Anthropograph'ia, 
 'from av0puTrof, 'man,' and ypaiprj, 'a description.' 
 Anthropology. A description of the human body. 
 ANTHROPOL'ITHUS, from aveouiirog, ' man,' 
 and \i9o;, 'a stone.' The petrifaction of the 
 hnman body or of any of its parts. Morbid con- 
 cretions in the human body. 
 
 AN T II R P L' G Y, Anthropolog"ia, from 
 ./v^puTTof, 'man,, and 'koyo';, 'a discourse' A 
 *reatise on man. By some, this word is used for 
 the science of the structure and functions of the 
 human body. Frequently, it is employed synony- 
 mously with Natural History and Physiology of 
 vwn. 
 
 A N T H R POMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, 
 animal. 
 
 ANTHRO'POMANCY, Anthropomanti'a, from 
 avdpiiivos, ' a man,' and iiavrtia, ' divination.' Di- 
 vination by inspecting the entrails of a dead man. 
 ANTIIROPOM'ETRY, from av^pwros, 'aman,' 
 and ixcTpov, ' measure.' Measurement of the di- 
 mensions of the different parts of the humiin 
 body. 
 
 ANTHROPOMORPHUS, Atropa mandragora. 
 ANTIIROPOPH'AGUS, (F.) Anthropo2)hage, 
 from av^piiiiros,,' & man,' and <payu), 'I eat.' A 
 name given to one who eats his own species. 
 
 ANTHROPOPH'AGY, Anthropopha'gia, same 
 etymon. The custom of eating human flesh. A 
 disease in which there is great deske to eat it. 
 ANTHROPOS, Homo. 
 ANTHROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy. 
 ANTHROPOTOMY, Andranatomia. 
 ANTHUS. Flos. 
 
 ANTHYPNOT'IC, Anthypnot'icm, Antihyp- 
 not'ic, Agrypnot'ic, from avri, 'against,' and 
 'vKvuyTiKoi, ' stupefj'ing.' A remedy for stupor. 
 
 ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC, Anfhypochondri'- 
 acuf!, from avri, 'against,' and 'viro^oviptaKos, 'hy- 
 pochondriac' A remedy for hypochondriasis. 
 
 ANTHYSTER'IC, Antihyster'ic, Antihyater'- 
 ic-ua, from avn, 'against,' and 'varepa, 'the ute 
 rus.' A remedy for hysteria. 
 
 ANTI, avTi, as a prefix, in composition, gene 
 rally means ' opposition.' 
 ANTIADES, Tonsils. 
 ANTIADITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 ANTIADON'CUS, from avriaScg, 'the tonsils,' 
 and oyKos, 'tumour.' A swelling of the tonsils. 
 — Swediaur. Anti'ager has a similar meaning. 
 
 Antiadoncus Inflammatoeius, Cynanche ton- 
 sillaris. 
 
 ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC, Antiapoplec'ticna, Anta- 
 poplec'ticua, Apoplec'ticua, from avn, ' against,' 
 and aTTovhj^ia, 'apoplexy.' A remedy for apo- 
 plexy. 
 
 ANTIARIS TOXICARIA, see Upas. 
 ANTIARTHRIT'IC, Antarthrit'ic, Antiar- 
 thrit'icus, Antipodag'ric, from avn, 'against,' and 
 apSpiris, 'the gout,' (F.) Antigoutteux. A re- 
 medy for gout. 
 
 ANTIASTHEN'IC, Antiaathen'icus, from avn, 
 'against,' and acdwua, 'debility.' A remedy for 
 debility. 
 
 ANTIASTHMAT'IC, Antiaathmat'icua, An- 
 tasthmat'icus, from avn, ' against,' and acri*/ia, 
 ' asthma.' A remedy for asthma. 
 ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic. 
 ANTIBALLOMENUM, Succedaneum. 
 ANTIBDELLA, Antlia sanguisuga. 
 ANTIBRA'CHIAL, Antibrach ia'lia. That 
 which concerns the fore-arm. — Bichat. J. Clo- 
 quet suggests that the word should be written an- 
 tebrachial, from ante, 'before,' and brachinm, 
 'the arm:' — as antebrachial region, antebrachial 
 aponeurosis, Ac. 
 
 Antebra'chial Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Aponiv- 
 rose antebrachiale, is a portion of the aponeurotic 
 sheath which envelops the whole of the upper 
 limb. It arises from the brachial aponeurosis, 
 from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of the 
 biceps muscle, from the epicondyle, epitroehlea, 
 and, behind, from the tendon of the triceps bra- 
 ehialis. Within, it is inserted into the cubituy. 
 (fee; and, below, is confounded with the two an- 
 nular ligaments of tho carpus. It is covered by 
 the skin, by veins, h'mphatics, and by filnments 
 of superficial nerves; it covers the muscles of the 
 fore-arm, adheres to them, and sends between 
 them several fibrous septa, which serve them for 
 points of insertion. 
 
 ANTIBRACHIUM, Fore-arjn. 
 
ANTIBROMIC 
 
 83 
 
 ANTILLY 
 
 ANTIBEO'MIC, Antibro'micus, from avn, 
 'against,' and (iQtjifiOi, 'foetor.' A Deo' dorizer. 
 An agent that destroys offensive odours — as 
 chloride of zinc, simple sulphate of alumina, &c. 
 
 ANTICACHEC'TIC, Anticachec'ticus, Antica- 
 eochj/ni'ic, from avn, 'against,' and xa^e^ia, 'ca- 
 chexy.' A remedy against cachexy. 
 
 ANTICACOCHYMIC, Anticachectic. 
 
 ANTICAN'CEROUS, Anticancero'sus, Anti- 
 cancro'sus, Anticarcinom' atous, Antiscir'rhous, 
 from avTi, ' against,' and KagKivoi)ta, ' cancer,' car- 
 cinoma. Opposed to cancer. 
 
 ANTICANCROSUS, Antieancerous. 
 
 ANTICARCINOMATOUS, Antieancerous. 
 
 ANTICARDIUM, Fossette du cceur, Scrobicu- 
 lus cordis. 
 
 ANTICATAR'RHAL, AnticatarrJia'lis, Ant!- 
 catarrhoiciis, from avri, 'against,' and /rarappoj, 
 'catarrh.' A remedy for catarrh. 
 
 ANTICAUSOD'IC, Aiiticausof'ic, Anticausod'- 
 icus, from avn, ' against,' and Kavcog, ' a burning 
 fever.' A remedy for causus or inflammatory fever. 
 
 AMTICAUSOTIC, Antieausodic. 
 
 ANTICHEIR, Pollex, see Digitus. 
 
 ANTICIKERADICUS, Antiscrofulous. 
 
 ANTICHOLERICA, Sophora heptaphylla. 
 
 ANTICIPATING, Antic" ipans, Antepo'nens, 
 Prolept' iens. A periodical phenomenon, recur- 
 ring at progressively shorter intervals. An an- 
 ticipating intermittent is one in which the inter- 
 vals between the paroxysms become progressively 
 
 ANTICNEMIUM, Shin. 
 
 ANTICCEUR, Scrobieulus cordis. 
 
 ANTICOL'IC, J-iiti'eoZ'i'cifs, from avn, 'against,' 
 and K<ii\iKos, ' the colic' That which is opposed 
 to colic. 
 
 ANTICOMMA, Oontre-coup. 
 
 ANTICOPE, Contre-covp. 
 
 ANTICRUSIS, Contre-coup. 
 
 ANTICRUSMA, Contre-coup. 
 
 ANTICUS, Anterior. 
 
 ANTIDARTREUX, Antiherpetic. 
 
 ANTIDEIXIS, Counter-indication. 
 
 ANTIDIARRIKE'IC, Antidiarrhce'icus. A 
 remedy for diarrhoea. Opposed to diarrhoea. 
 
 ANTID'INIC, Antidin'ieus, Din'icus, from avn, 
 'against,' and Sivoi, 'vertigo.' Opposed to vertigo. 
 
 AN'TIDOTAL, Antidota'lis, same etymon as 
 antidote. Relating to an antidote ; possessed of 
 the powers of an antidote. 
 
 ANTIDOTA'RIUM, from avnSoTov, 'an anti- 
 dote.' A dispensatory. A pharmacopoeia or for- 
 mulary. 
 
 AN'TIDOTE, Antid'otum, from avn, 'against,' 
 and oiS(i)ni, ' I give.' Originally this word signi- 
 fied an interned remedy. It is now used synony- 
 mously with counter-jioison, Antiphar'macum, and 
 signifies any remedy capable of combating the 
 eifect of poisons. 
 
 A List of Substances reputed as Antidotes. 
 
 1. Metals. 
 Iron Filings. 
 Zinc Filings. 
 
 2. Acids. 
 Tannic Acirt. 
 Acetic or Citric Acid. 
 
 3. Salts. 
 Alkaline or Earthy Sul- 
 phates. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium. 
 Hypochlorite of Soda or 
 of Lime. 
 
 4. Alkalines. 
 Ammonia. 
 
 Carbonatps of Ammonia. 
 Carbonates of Soda. 
 Magnesia. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia. 
 Lime Water. 
 
 Chalk. 
 Soap. 
 
 5. Si'LPnoRETS. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen, 
 
 dissolved in water. 
 Sulphuret of Potassium. 
 
 (). Haloids. 
 Chlorine. 
 
 7. Metallic Oxides. 
 Hyriratc'd Sesqui-oxide of 
 
 Iron. 
 Mixed Oxides of Iron. 
 8. Organic Substances. 
 Albuminous Substances, 
 
 (Albumen, Casein, and 
 
 Gluten.) 
 Starch. 
 Oil. 
 
 Animal Charcoal. 
 
 ANTIDOTUM HERACLIDIS, Enneaphax- 
 
 macos — a. Mithridatium, Mithridate. 
 
 ANTIDYKAMICA, Debilitants. 
 
 ANTIDYNOUS, Anodyne. 
 
 ANTIDYSENTER'IC, Antidysenter'itms, from 
 avn, 'against,' &vq, 'with difficulty,' and evrtgov, 
 ' intestine.'_ Opposed to dysentery. 
 
 ANTIEMET'IC, Antemet'ic, Antiemet'icus, 
 from avn, 'against,' and tfitrtKos, 'emetic' A 
 remedy for vomiting. 
 
 ANTIEPHIAL'TIC or ANTEPHIAL'TTC, 
 Antiephial'ticus, from avn, 'against,' and £<pta\ 
 r£f, 'nightmare.' A remedy for nia:htmare. 
 
 ANTIEPILEP'TIC or ANTEPILEP'TIC, 
 Antiepilep'ticns, from avn, ' against,' and tui- 
 Xrj^pia, 'epilepsy.' A remedy for ejjilepsy. 
 
 ANTIFEBRILIS, Febrifuge. 
 
 ANTIGALAC'TIC, Antigalac'ticus, Anfilac'- 
 teus, from avn, 'against,' and ya'Xa, 'milk.' (F.) 
 Antilaiteux. Opposed to the secretion of milk, 
 or to diseases caused by the milk. 
 
 ANTIG'ONI COLLYR'IUM NIGRUM, 5Zac* 
 collyrium of Antig'onus. It was composed of 
 cadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigris, gum Arabic, 
 and water. 
 
 ANTIGUA, see West Indies. 
 
 ANTIHiEMOPTYICUS, Anthajmoptyicus. 
 
 ANTIHEC'TIC, Antitliee'ticus. Anthec'ticue, 
 from avn, 'against,' and 'e^is, 'habit of body.' 
 The Antihec'ticum Pote'rii is the white oxyd of 
 antimony ; also called Diaphoret'iciim, Jovia'le. 
 
 ANTIHELIX, Anthelix. 
 
 ANTIHELMINTICUS, Anthelmintic 
 
 ANTIHEMORRHAG"IC, Antihaimorrha,/'- 
 icus, AiithcBmorrhag"i.cus ; from avn, 'against,' 
 and 'ainoppayia, 'hemorrhage.' That which is 
 against hemorrhage ; an antihemorrhagic re- 
 medy. 
 
 ANTIHEMORRHOID'AX, Antihwmorrhoi- 
 da'lis, from avn, ' against,' and 'at/joppoi&si, ' he- 
 morrhoids.' A remedy for hemorrhoids. 
 
 ANTIHERPET'IC, Antiher2^et'icus, from avri, 
 ' against,' and 'tpTTEf, 'herpes.' {^ .) Antidartreiiie. 
 A remedy for herpes. 
 
 ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC, Antihydrophoh'icus, 
 Antylis'sus, Ahjs'sus, from avn, ' against,' 'vhmp, 
 'water,' and ^ojios, 'dread.' A remedy for hy- 
 drophobia. 
 
 ANTIHYDROP'IC, Antihydrop'icus, Wydrop'- 
 icus, from avn, 'against,' and 'vSpuitp, 'dxopsy.' 
 A remedy for dropsy. 
 
 ANTIHYPNOTIC, Anthypnotic 
 
 ANTIHYSTERIC, Antihysteric 
 
 ANTI-ICTERIC, Anti-icfer'icus, Icfer'iaw, 
 from avn, 'against,' and i/crtpoj, 'jaundice,' A 
 remedy for jaundice. 
 
 ANTI-IMPETIGENES, SOLOMON'S, see 
 Liquor Ilydrargyri oxymuriatis. 
 
 ANTILABIUM, Prolabium. 
 
 ANTILACTEUS. Antigalactic 
 
 ANTILAITEUX, Antigalactic 
 
 ANTILEP'SIS, Apprehen'sio, from avn\aft- 
 Pavo), ' I take hold of.' The mode of attaching 
 a bandage over a diseased part, by fixing it upon 
 the sound parts. — Hippocrates. The mode of 
 securing bandages, &c., from slipping. Treat- 
 ment by revulsion or derivation. 
 
 ANTILETHAR'GIC, Antihthar'gicus, from 
 avn, 'against,' and \riOapyiKog, 'affected With 
 lethargy.' A remedy for lethargy. 
 
 ANTILITH'ICS, Antilith'ica, Lith'ica, f'-o.ii- 
 avn, 'against,' and A(9of, 'a stone.' A substance 
 that prevents the formation of calculi in the 
 urinary organs. 
 
 The chief antilithics — according as the calculi 
 
 are lithic acid or pbosphatic— are alkalies or 
 
 acids; with revellents, especially change of air; 
 
 tonics, as diosma crenata, (?) and uva ursi. (?) 
 
 ANTILLY, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 
ANTILOBIUM 
 
 54 
 
 ANTIMONIUM 
 
 celebrated Freneli medicinal spring, near Means, 
 ia France. The waters have not been analyzed ; 
 but astonishing and chimerical effects have been 
 ascribed to them. 
 
 ANTILOBIUM. Antitragus, Tragus. 
 
 ANTILOI'MIC, Antiloi' micus, Antilce'mic, An- 
 tipestilentia'lis, from av-i, ' against,' and Aoi/^oj, 
 ' the plague.' A remedy for the plague. 
 
 ANTIL'OPUS. The An'telope. (F.) Gazelle. 
 An African animal, whose hoofs and horns were 
 furmerly given in hysteric and epileptic cases. 
 
 ANTILYSSUS, Antihydrophobic. 
 
 AK'TIMEL'ANGHOLIC, Antunel.anchol'icus, 
 from avTL, 'against,' and /(£:Xay;^oAja, 'melan- 
 choly.' A remedy for melancholy. 
 
 ANTIMEPHIT'IC, Antimej>lnt'icns, from avri, 
 ' against,' and mephitic. A remedy against me- 
 phitic or deleterious gases. 
 
 ANTIMOINE, Antimonium — a. Beurre cV, 
 Antimonium muriatum — a. Ohlomre d', Antimo- 
 jiium muriatum — a. Oxide d', Alga roth — a. Oxide 
 hlanc. d', Antimonium diaphoretieum — a. Son/re 
 dore d', Antimonii sulphuretum prseoipitatum — 
 a. Sulfm-e d', Antimonium — a. Sulfure, hydroml- 
 2)hure rouge d', Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum 
 — a. Verre d', Antimonii vitrum. 
 
 ANTIMO'NIAL, Antimonia'lis, Stibia'b'Sffiom 
 antimonium, 'antimony.' A composition into 
 which antimony enters. A preparation of anti- 
 mony. 
 
 Antimo'nial Powdee, Pulvia antimonia'lis, 
 Ox'idum aiitimo'nii cum phos'jyhate calcis, Phoa- 
 plMS calcis stibia'tus, P. Cal'cicum etibia'tum, 
 J*ulvis Jame'sii, Pidvis stibia'tus, Pulvis de phos'- 
 phate calcis et stib'ii compoa'itus, Factitious 
 James's Powder, Schwanbeeg's Fever Powder, 
 CuEXETix's Antimonial Powder, (F.) Poudre 
 antimoniale composee ou de James. A peroxide 
 of antimony combined with phosphate of lime. 
 ( Take of oommon sulphuret of antimony, Ibj ; 
 liartshorn shavings, tbij. Roast in an iron pot, 
 tintil they form a gray powder. Put this into a 
 long pot, with a small hole in the cover. Keep 
 it in a red heat for two hours, and grind to a fine 
 powder.) This preparation has long been es- 
 teemed as a febrifuge : but it is extremely un- 
 certain in its action. The ordinary dose is 6 or 
 8 grains. 
 
 ANTIMONIALE CAUSTICUM, Antimonium 
 muriatum. 
 
 ANTIMONIATUM SULPHUR, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum pra^cipitatum — a. Tartar, Antimo- 
 nium tartarizatum. 
 
 ANTIMONII (BUTYRUM,) Antimonium mu- 
 riatum — a. Calx, Antimonium diaphoretieum — a. 
 Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoretieum — a. et Po- 
 tassse tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum — a. Mu- 
 riaa, Antimonium muriatum — a. Oleum, Antimo- 
 nium muriatum — a. Oxydulum hydrosulphuratum 
 aurantiacum, Antimonii sulphuretum prsecipita- 
 tum — a. Oxydum, Algaroth — a. Oxydum auratum, 
 Antimonii sulphuratum praecipitatum — a.Oxidum 
 nitro-muriaticum, Algaroth — a. Oxydum cnm 
 riulphure vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum — a. Oxy- 
 dum sulphuretum vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum 
 — a. Oxy sulphuretum, A. sulphuretum prsecipi- 
 tatum — a. Potassio-tartras, Antimonium tartari- 
 y.atum — a. Regulus medicinalis, Antimonium me- 
 dicinale — a. Sal, Antimonium tartarizatum — a. 
 iSulphur auratum, Antimonii sulphuretum prae- 
 cipitatum — a. Sulphur praecipitatum, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum priEcipitatum — a. Sulphuretum, An- 
 timonium — a. Tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum 
 — a. Tartras et Potassae, Antimonium tartariza- 
 liHii — a. Vitrum hyacinthinum, Antimonii vitrum. 
 A\timo'nii Siilphuee'tum Peecipita'tum, 
 Sulphur antimonia'tum., Jlydrosnlphure'tum sti- 
 ito'sum cum xufphure, Oxo'des stib'ii sulphnra'- 
 
 tum, Oxyd'idum antimo'nii JiydrosiilpTiura'tum 
 auranti' acum, Ox'ydMm aura'tum antimo'nii, Sul- 
 pliure'tum stib'ii oxydula'ti, Hydro-sulfure'tum 
 lu'teum ox'ydi stib'ii sulfura'ti, Sulphur antimo'- 
 nii prcscipita'tiim, Sulphur aura'tum antimo'nii. 
 Golden Suljihur of Antimony. 
 
 Antimo'nii Sidphure'ttimPrcBcipitatum, A.Oxy- 
 sulphwetum, (F.) Soufre dore d'Antimoine, of the 
 London Pharmacopoeia, is nearly the same as the 
 old Kermes Mineral. It is a powder of an orange 
 colour, of a metallic, styptic taste. It is emetic, 
 diaphoretic, and cathartic, according to the dose : 
 and has been chiefly used in chronic rheumatism, 
 and in cutaneous affections. Dose, gr. j. to gr. iv. 
 
 Antimonii SulpJiuretum Prmcipitatum of tho 
 United States Pharmacopceia, is made by boiling 
 together Sulphuret of Antimony, in fine powder, 
 Solution of Potassa, and distilled water ; strain- 
 ing the liquor while hot, and dropping into it 
 Diluted Sidphuric Acid so long as it produces a 
 precipitate. 
 
 Antimo'nii StTLPHtrEE'TUM Rubeum, Red SuV- 
 phuret of An'timony, Hydrosulfure'twm stib'ii 
 rubrum, Sub-hydrosuVfas stib'ii, Hydro-sulphure' - 
 turn rubrum stib'ii sulphura'ti, Pulvis Oarthvsi- 
 ano'rum, Kermes mineral, (F.) Hydrosidfure 
 rouge d'Antimoine sidfure, Vermilion de Provence. 
 Properties the same as the last. Dose, gr. j. t<> 
 gr. iv. 
 
 AjlTlMO'Nn VlTEUM, GlasB of Antimony, Anti- 
 mo'nii ox'ydyum snlphure'tum vitrifac'tum, Ox'- 
 ydnm stib'ii semivit'reum, Antimo'nium vitrifac'- 
 tum, Ox'idum antimo'nii cum suVphure vitrifac'- 
 tum, Vitrum stib'ii, Antimo'nii vitrum hyacin'- 
 thinum, Oxyd'idum stib'ii vitrca'ttim, (F.) Verre 
 d'Antimoine. (Formed by roasting powdered 
 common antimony in a shallow vessel, over a 
 gentle fire, till it is of a whitish gray colour, and 
 emits no fumes in a red heat; then melting it, on 
 a quick fire, into a clean, brownish-red glass.) 
 It has been used for preparing the tartarized 
 antimony and antimonial wine. 
 
 ANTIMONIOUS ACID, Antimonium dia- 
 phoreticum. 
 
 ANTIMO'NIUM, from avri, 'against,' and 
 Itovos, 'alone;' ■;'. e. not found alone: or accord- 
 ing to others, from avTi, 'against,' and moine, 'a 
 monk;' because, it is asserted, certain monks 
 suffered much from it. Stibi, Stib'ium, Eeg'ulun 
 Antimo'nii, Minera'lium, GyncBce'um, Magne'sia 
 Satur'ni, Marcasi'ta plum'bea, Platyophthal'mon, 
 Stim'mi, Aurum lepro'sum, Antimo'nium crudum, 
 Antimo'nii sulphure'tum, Suljjhure'tum stib'ii ni- 
 grum, Oommon Antimony, Sulphuret of Antimony, 
 (F.) Antimoine, Sulfure d'Antimoine. Sulphuret 
 of antimony is the ore from which all the prepa- 
 rations of antimony are formed. In Pharmacy, 
 it is the native sesquisulphuret of antimony, puri- 
 fied by fusion. When prepared for medical use, 
 by trituration and levigation, it forms a powder 
 of a black, or bluish gray colour, which ia inso- 
 luble. It is slightly diaphoretic and alterative, 
 and has been used in chronic rheumatism, cuta- 
 neous diseases, Ac. 
 
 Antimoxidji Album, Bismuth. 
 
 Antimo'nium Calcinatum, Antimonium dia- 
 phoretieum. 
 
 Antimo'nium Diaphoeet'icum, Dinphoret'ic 
 Antimony, Anfimo'nious Acid, Min'eral Bez'onrd, 
 Antimo'nium Oalcina'tum, 3/incral Diaphoret'iv, 
 Ifatiere perlce de KEEKRING, Peroxide of Anti- 
 mony, Calx Antimo'nii, Antimo'nium diaphorel'- 
 icum lotum, Ocrus'sa Antimo'nii, Calx Antimo'nii 
 elo'ta, Oxo'dcs stib'ii album, Ox'idum stibio'sum, 
 Deutoxide of An'timony, Ox'idum stib'ii album 
 median'te nitro confectum, Potassa biantimo'nias, 
 (F.) Oxide blanc d' Antimoine prepari par U 
 moyen du nitre. (^Common antimony, Ibj ; purijied 
 
ANTIMONY, BUTTER OP 
 
 nitre, ftiij. — Throw it by spoonfuls into a red-hot 
 crucible ; powder and wa«h. The flowers that 
 Btick to the side of the crucible must be carefully 
 separated, otherwise they render it emetic.) 
 Dose, gr. x. to xxx. 
 
 Antimonidm E-Meticum, a. tartarizatum. 
 
 Antimo'nium Medicina'le, Reg'ulus Antimo'- 
 tJi'i i[edicina' lis, Medicinal Heg'ulus of Antimony. 
 (Antimon. sulphur, ^v. Potass, suhcarb. 2|i- Sodii 
 chlorid. §iv. Powder, mix, and melt. When 
 cold, separate the scoriaj at top, powder the mass, 
 and wash it well.) It is conceived to be more 
 active than common antimony. 
 
 Antiito'nium Muria'tum, Antimo'nii 3Iu'rias, 
 Ohlor'uret of An'timony, Clilorure'tum stib'ii, 
 Spuma trium draco'num, Deuto-mwias stib'ii 
 3ublima'tics, Butter of Antimony, Muriate of An- 
 timony, Chloride of Antimony, Buty'rum Antimo' 
 uii, O'leuni Antimo'nii, Buty'rum stib'ii, Caus'- 
 ticum antimonia'le, Antimonium sali'tum, (F.) 
 Ohlorure d'Antimoine, Beurre d' Antimoine. (Com- 
 mon antimony and corrosive sublimate, of each 
 equal parts : grind together, and distil in a wide- 
 necked retort, and let the butyraceous matter 
 that comes over, run, in a moist place, to a liquid 
 oil.) A caustic, but not much used as such. 
 Sometimes taken as poison. 
 
 Antimonium Salitum, Antimonium muriatum. 
 
 Antimo'nium Taktariza'tum, Tartris Anti- 
 mo'nii, Tartar Antimonia' turn, Sal Antimo'nii, 
 Tartraa Potas'sm stibio'sua seu stibia'lis, Tartris 
 lixiv'icB stibia'tus, Beuto-tartras potas' sm et stib'ii, 
 Tar'tarus emet'icus, Tar'tarum emet'icum, Tartras 
 antimo'nii, Tartras Antimo'nii et PotasscB, Anti- 
 mo'nii et PotasscB Tartras (Ph. U. S.), Antimo'nii 
 potas' sio-tartras, Antimo'nium emet'icum, Tar'- 
 tarized An'timony, Tartrate of An'timony and 
 pota-s'sa, Potassio-tartrate of Antimony, Emet'ic 
 Tartar, Tartar Emetic, (F.) Tartre stibie, Tartre 
 Emetique, Emetique ; in some parts of the United 
 States, vulgarly and improperly called Tartar; 
 (Made by digesting sulphuret of antimony in a 
 mixture oi nitric and muriatic acids viiih the aid 
 of heat ; filtering the liquor, and pouring it into 
 mater : freeing the precipitate from acid, by 
 washing and drying it; adding this powder to 
 bitartrate of potassa in boiling distilled leater ; 
 boiling for an hour, and after filtering the liquor 
 while hot, setting it aside to crystallize. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Tartarized antimony is emetic, sometimes ca- 
 thartic and diaphoretic. Externally, it is rube- 
 facient. Dose, as an emetic, gr. j. to gr. iv. in 
 solution : as a diaphoretic, gr. one-sixteenth to 
 gr. one-quarter. 
 
 The empirical preparation, called Norris's 
 Drops, consist of a solution of tartarized anti- 
 mony in rectified spirit, disguised by the addi- 
 tion of some vegetable colouring matter. 
 
 Antimonium Vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum. 
 
 ANTIMONY, BUTTER OF, Antimonium mu- 
 riatum — a. Chloride of, Antimonium muriatum — 
 a. Chloruret of, Antimonium muriatum — a. Deu- 
 toxide of, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. Flowers 
 of, Algaroth — a. Glass of, Antimonii vitrum — a. 
 Golden sulphur of, Antimonii sulphuretum prse- 
 eipitatum — a. Medicinal, regulus of, Antimonium 
 medicinale — a. Muriate of, Antimonium muria- 
 tum — a. Peroxide of, Antimonium diaphoreticum 
 — a. Potassio-tartrate of, Antimonium tartariza- 
 tum — a. Submuriate of. Protoxide of, Algaroth — 
 a. Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum ru- 
 brum — a. Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum 
 — a. Vegetable, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 Antimony and Potassa, Tartrate of, Anti- 
 monium tartarizatum. 
 
 ANTINEPHRIT'IC, Antinephret'ic, Antine- 
 phret'icus, from avTi, 'against,' and vtipgirig, 'ne- 
 phritis.' A remedy for inflammation of the kidney. 
 
 85 ANTIPHLOGISTIC 
 
 ANTINEUROPATHIC, Nervine. 
 
 ANTINEUROTIC, Nervine. 
 
 ANTINIAD, see Antinial. 
 
 ANTIN'IAL, from avn, 'against,' and ivinr, 
 'the ridge of the occiput.' An epithet for an 
 aspect towards the side opposite to the inion, or 
 ridge of the occiput. — Barclay. Antiniad is used 
 adverbially by the same writer, to signify 'to- 
 wards the antinial asi^ect.' 
 
 ANTI'OCHI HI 'ERA. A preparation ex- 
 tolled by the ancients in melancholy, hydropho- 
 bia, epilepsy, &c. It was formed of germander, 
 a.garic, pulp of colocynth, Arabian stoechas, opo- 
 ponax, sagapenum, parsley, aristolochia, white 
 pepper, cinnamon, lavender, myrrh, honey, &c. 
 
 Antiochi Theriaca. a theriac employed by 
 Antiochus against every kind of poison. It was 
 composed of thyme, opoponax, millet, trefoil, 
 fennel, aniseed, nigella sativa, <fec. 
 
 ANTIODONTAL'GIC, Antodontal'gic, Ar.to- 
 dontal'gicus. Odontalgic, Odont'ioj Antiodontcd' - 
 gicus, from avn, 'against,' and oSovraXyia, 'tooth- 
 ache.' A remedy for toothache. 
 
 ANTIORGAS'TIC, Antiorgas'ticna, from avrt, 
 'against,' and opYa(^) 'I desire vehemently.' A 
 remedy for orgasm or erethism, and for irritation 
 in general. 
 
 ANTIPARALYT'IC, Antiparalyt'icus, from 
 avTi, 'against,' and rapaAuonf, 'palsy.' Opposed 
 to palsy. 
 
 ANTIPARASIT'IC, Antiparasit'icns, Anti- 
 phtheiriacus, Phthi'rius, Parasit'icide; from avn, 
 'against,' and TrapaaiTo;, 'a parasite.' An agent 
 that destroys parasites, as the different vermin 
 that infest the body. The chief antiparasitics 
 are Oocculus, Staphisagria, Veratrum album, and 
 certain of the mercurial preparations. 
 
 ANTIPARASTATI'TIS, from avn, 'opposite,' 
 and irapacTarris, 'the epididymis;' also, 'the pros- 
 tate,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of Cowper's glands. 
 
 ANTIPATHI'A, from avn, 'against,' and 
 TaQo;, ' passion, affection.' Aversion. A natui'al 
 repugnance to any person or thing. 
 
 ANTIPATH'IC, Antipath'icus, (F.) Antipa- 
 thique. Belonging to antipathy. Opposite, con- 
 trary, — as humeurs antiijathiques ; humours op- 
 posed to each other. Also, palliative. 
 
 ANTIP'ATRI THERIACA, Theriac of An- 
 tip'ater. a farrago of more than 40 articles : 
 used as an antidote against the bites of serpents. 
 
 ANTIPERIOD'IC, Antiperiod'icus, Antityp'- 
 icus, from am, 'against,' and irtpioBog, 'period.' 
 A remedy which possesses the power of arresting 
 morbid periodical movements; — e. g. the sulphate 
 of quinia in intermittents. 
 
 ANTIPERISTAL'TIC, Antiperistal'ticus, An- 
 tivermic'ular, from avn, 'against,' and -irepicTcXXw, 
 'I contract.' An inverted action of the intestinal 
 tube. 
 
 ANTIPERIS'TASIS, from avn, 'against,' and 
 TTcpicTaai;, 'reunion, aggregation.' A union of 
 opposite circumstances : the action of two con- 
 trary qualities, one of which augments the force 
 of the other. The peripateticians asserted, that 
 it is by Antiperistasis, that fire is hotter in winter 
 than in summer. Theophrasius attributes the 
 cause, which renders man more vigorous, and 
 makes him digest more readily in winter, to the 
 augmentation of heat caused by Antiperistasis. 
 
 ANTIPER'NIUS, from avn, 'against,' and 
 Pernio, 'a chilblain.' A remedy against chil- 
 blains; — as Unguen'tum antiper'nium, an oint- 
 ment for chilblains. 
 
 ANTIPERTUSSIS, see Zinci sulphas. 
 
 ANTIPESTILENTIALIS, Antiloimic. 
 
 ANTIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic. 
 
 ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, Antiphlogis'ticus, fi-om 
 
ANTIPHTHBIRIACA 
 
 86 
 
 ANTRUM 
 
 tvTi, 'against,' and ^Xeyu, *I bum.' Opposed 
 ti> inflammation ; — as Antiphlogistic remedies, A. 
 regimen, &c. 
 
 ANTIPHTHEIRIACA, AntiphtJiiriaca, from 
 avTi, 'against/ and ^Ssipiaa, 'I am lousy.' A 
 remedy used to destroy lice. 
 
 ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL, AntiphtMs'icus, from 
 avri, ' against/ and (p^iais, ' consumption.' Op- 
 posed to phthisis. 
 
 ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives. 
 ANTIPHYS'ICAL, Antiphya'icus, from avri, 
 'against/ and (pvaeui, 'I blow.' An expeUer of 
 wind : a carminative. 
 
 It has also been used for any thing preterna- 
 tural; here, the derivation is from avn, 'against,' 
 and <f>vais, 'nature.' The French sometimes say, 
 'Un gout antiphysique,' ' an unnatural taste.' 
 
 ANTIPLAS'TIC, Antijdas'ticus, Plastihjt'ic, 
 Plastihjt'icv.s, from avri, 'against,' and TrXao-TiKos, 
 * formative.' Antiformative. An agent that dimi- 
 nishes the quantity of plastic matter — fibrin — in 
 the blood. 
 
 ANTIPLEURIT'IC, Antipleuret'icm, Anti- 
 pleuret'ic, from avri, 'against,' and TrXtupms, 
 ' pleurisy.' Opposed to pleurisy. 
 
 ANTIPNEUMON'IC, Antipneumon'ieus, from 
 avTi, ' against,' and wtvyuiivia, ' disease or inflam- 
 mation of the lungs.' A remedy for disease or 
 inflammation of the lungs. 
 
 ANTIPODAGRIC, Antiarthritic. 
 ANTIPRAX'IS, from avn, 'against/ and 
 iroao-o-u, 'I act.' A contrary state of different 
 piarts in the same patient: e. g. an increase of 
 heat in one organ, and diminution in another. 
 
 ANTIPSOR'IC, Antipso'ricus, Antisca'bious, 
 from avTi, 'against,' and 4'upa, 'the itch.' (F.) 
 Antic/aleux. Opposed to the itch. 
 ANTIPUTRID, Antiseptic. 
 ANTIPY'IC, Antipy'ictis, from avn, ' against,' 
 and TTvov, ' pus.' Opposed to suppuration. 
 ANTIPYRETIC, Febrifuge. 
 ANTIPYROT'IC, Antfpyrot'icus, from avri, 
 'against/ and wup, 'fire.' Opposed to burns or 
 to pjTosis. 
 
 ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM, Antiquar'tium. A 
 remedy formerly used against quartan fever. 
 ANTIQUUS, Chronic. 
 
 ANTIRHACHIT'IC, Antirhachit'icus, from 
 avTi, 'against,' and rachitis. Opposed to rachitis, 
 or rickets. 
 
 ANTIRHEUMAT'IC, Antirrheumat'icus; from 
 avTi, 'against,' and ptv/^a, 'rheumatism.' A re- 
 medy for rheumatism. 
 
 ANTIRHINUM ACUTANGULUM, A. Lina- 
 ria — a. Auriculatum, A. Elatine. 
 
 Antihhi'num Elati'ne, A. auricula' turn, E. 
 hasta'ta, Elati'ne, Lina'ria elati'ne, Cymhala'ria 
 elati'ne, Fluellen or Female Speedwell, was for- 
 merly used against scurvy and old ulcerations. 
 
 Antirhi'nuji Hederaceum, a. Linaria — a. 
 Heder^folium, A. Linaria. 
 
 Antirhi'num Lina'ria, A. hedera'ceum seu 
 hedercefo'lium, seu acutan'gidum, Lina'ria, L. 
 rulga'ris seu cymhala'ria, Elati'ne cymhala'- 
 ria, Oymhala'ria mura'lis, Osy'ria, Urina'ria, 
 Common Toad Flax, (F.) Linaire. The leaves 
 have a bitterish taste. They are reputed to be 
 diuretic and cathartic. An ointment made from 
 them has been extolled in hemorrhoids, 
 ANTISCABIOUS, Antipsoric. 
 ANTISCIRRHOUS, Anticancerous. 
 ANTISCOLETICUS, Anthelmintic. 
 AXTISCOLICUS, Anthelmintic. 
 ANTISCORBU'TIC, Antiacorbu'ticus, from 
 avTt, 'against,' and scorbutus, 'the scurvy.' Op- 
 j/osed to scurvy. 
 
 ANTISCROF'ULOUS, Antiscroph'ulous, An- 
 $itcrofulo'aiis, Antiatrumo'aus, Antichaerad'icua. 
 Opposed to Bcrofula. 
 
 ANTISEP'TIC, Antisep't'xcica, Antipu'trid, 
 from avTi, 'against,' and otjittos, 'putrid.' Anti- 
 putredino'sus. Opposed to putrefaction. The 
 chief antiseptics, internally or externally em- 
 ployed, are Acidum iluriaticum, Acidum Nitri- 
 cum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Alumina sulphas, 
 Carbo Ligni, Oalx Ghlorinata, Chlorinum, Cin- 
 chona and its active principles, Oreasote, Da.uci 
 Radix, Fermentum Cerevisim, Soda Ohlwinata, 
 and Zinei Ohloridmn. 
 
 ANTISIAL'AGOGUE, Antisialago'gus, Anti- 
 si'alus, from avri, ' against,' and ata)^ov, ' saliva.' 
 A remedy against ptyalism. 
 
 ANTISPASIS, Derivation, Revulsion. 
 ANTISPASMOD'IC, Antispasmod'icus, Anti. 
 spas'ticus, from avri, 'against,' and ffTraw, 'I con- 
 tract.' Opposed to spasm. The whole operation 
 of antispasmodics is probably revulsive. The 
 following are the chief reputed antispasmodics. 
 jEther Sulphuricus, Asafcetida, Gastorewn, Dra- 
 contium, Moschua, Oleum Animale Dippelii, and 
 Valeriana — with the mental antispasmodics, ab- 
 straction, powerful emotions, fear, &c. Of direct 
 antispasmodics, we have no example. 
 
 ANTISPASTICUS, Antispasmodic, Deriva- 
 tive. 
 ANTISTASIS, Antagonism. 
 ANTISTERIG'IVIA, from avn, 'against,' and 
 crrjpv/fta, ' a Support.' A fulcrum, support, crutch. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANTISTER'NUM, from arvi, 'against/ and 
 cTtuvov, ' the sternum.' The back. — Rufus. 
 ANTISTRUMOUS, Antiscrofulous. 
 ANTISYPHILIT'IC, Antisyiihilit'icu}, from 
 avTi, 'against,' and syphilis, 'the veneiial dis- 
 ease.' Opposed to the venereal disease. 
 ANTITASIS, Counter-extension. 
 ANTITHENAR, Opponens pollicis, Adductor 
 poUicis pedis. 
 
 ANTITHERMA, Refrigerants. 
 ANTITHORA, Aconitum anthora. 
 ANTITRAG'ICUS, Antitra'geus, (F.) dinscle 
 de I' Antitragua, 31. antitragien. — (Ch.) Belong- 
 ing to the antitragus. A small mnsele is so 
 called, the existence of which is not constant. 
 It occupies the space between the antitragus and 
 anthelix. 
 
 ANTITRAGIEN, Antitragicus. 
 ANTIT'RAGUS, from avn, 'opposite to/ and 
 rpayof, 'the tragus,' Antilo'bium, Gblo'bium. A 
 conical eminence on the pavilion of the ear, op- 
 posite the tragus. 
 
 ANTITTP'IA, from avn, 'against,' and mrTia, 
 'I strike.' Resistance. Ilardness. Repercussion. 
 ANTITYPICUS, Antiperiodie. 
 ANTI^^ENE'REAL, Antivene'reua, from uvn, 
 'against/ and Venus, 'Venus.' The same as An- 
 tisyphilitio. Formerly it was used synoBymously 
 with Antaphrodisiac. 
 
 ANTIVERMICULAR, Antiperistaltic, 
 ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthelmintic. 
 ANT 'LI A or ANTLI'A, from avrXtu', 'to 
 pump out.' A syringe; a pump. Hence, Antlia 
 lac' tea, Lactisu'gium, a breast-pump: and Antlia 
 sanguisu'ga, Antibdella, Hiru'do artificia'lis, the 
 exhausting syringe used in cupping. 
 Antlia Gastrica, Stomach-pump. 
 ANTODONTALGIC. Antiodontalgic. 
 ANTODYNUS, Anodyne. 
 ANTRAX, Anthrax. 
 
 ANTRE, Antrum — a. d'Eyghmore, Antrum 
 of Highmore. 
 
 ANTROVERSIO, Anteversio. 
 
 ANTRUM, 'A cavern,' Cavern'a, Bar'athrum, 
 
 (F.) Antre. A name given to certain cavities in 
 
 bone.s, the entrance to which is smaller than the 
 
 bottom. 
 
 Antrum Auris, Tympanum — a. Buccinosum, 
 
ANULUS 
 
 87 
 
 APERIENT 
 
 Cochlea, Labyrinth — a. Dentale, see Tooth — a. 
 Pylori, see Stomach. 
 
 Antrum op IIighmore, Antrum Highmoria'- 
 num, AntriiM Gcna, Antrum maxilla're vcl max- 
 il'IcB superio'ris, Genyan'trum, Max'illart/ Sini(9, 
 Sinus Genai pituita'rius, (F.) Antre d'Hyghmore, 
 Sinus Maxillaire. A deep cavity in the sub- 
 stance of the superior maxillary bone communi- 
 cating with the middle meatus of the nose. It 
 is lined by a prolongation of the Schneiderian 
 membrane. 
 
 ANULUS, Fossette. 
 
 ANURESIS, Ischuria. 
 
 ANURIA, Ischuria. 
 
 ANUS, ' a circle,' Podex, Potex, Mol'yne, 3fo- 
 lyn'ie, Dactyl'ios, Oath'edra, Oyr'ceon, Cys'saros, 
 Gysthos, Aph'edra, Aph'edron, Hedra, Proctos, 
 Arehos, Sedes, Cuius, Cu'leon. The circular open- 
 ing situate at the inferior extremity of the rectum, 
 by which the excrement is expelled. Ihe funda- 
 ment. The seat. The body. The seat, (F.) Siege. 
 
 Anus also signifies the anterior orifice of the 
 Aqueduct of Sylvius. By some, this Anus, called 
 also, Fora'men commu'ne poste'rius, has been 
 supposed to form a communication between the 
 back part of the third ventricle and the lateral 
 ventricles. It is closed up, however, by the tela 
 choroidea, and also by the fornix, which is inti- 
 mately connected with this. The foramen is 
 situate between the eommissura mollis of the 
 optic thalami and the pineal gland. 
 
 Anus, Artificial. An opening made artifi- 
 cially, to supply the natural anus. The term is 
 often used to include preternatural anus. 
 
 Anus, Contracted, (F.) Anus retreci. A state 
 of the anus when, from some cause, it is con- 
 Btrieted. ' 
 
 Anus, Imperforate. A malformation, in 
 which there is no natural anus. See Atresia ani 
 adnata. 
 
 Anus, Preternat'ural, (F.) Anus contre na- 
 ture, A. anormal. An accidental opening which 
 gives issue to the whole or to a part of the faeces. 
 It may be owing to a wound, or, which is most 
 common, to gangrene attacking the intestine in 
 a hernial sac. 
 
 This term is also employed, as well as Anus 
 devie, devious anus, to the case where the anus, in- 
 stead of being in its natural situation, is in some 
 neighbouring cavity, as the bladder, vagina, &c. 
 
 ANXI'ETY, Anxi'eta^, Anxi'etude, Admmo'- 
 nia, Dyspho'ria anxi'etas, Alys'mus, Al'yce, AV- 
 ysis, Ase, from angere, Gr. ay)(^E.iv, 'to strangle, 
 to suffocate.' A state of restlessness and agita- 
 tion, with general indisposition, and a distressing 
 sense of oppression at the epigastrium. Inquie- 
 tude, anxiety, and anguish, represent degrees of 
 the same condition. 
 
 ANYPNIA, Insomnia. 
 
 AOCHLE'SIA, from a, priv., and oy^\oq, 'dis- 
 turbance.' Tranquillity. Calmness. 
 
 AOR'TA, Arte'ria magna, A. crassa, A. max'- 
 ima, HcBmal Axis, of Owen. (F.) Aorte. This 
 name was given by Aristotle to the chief artery 
 of the body. It may have been derived from 
 aopreofiat, ' I am suspended,' as it seems to be 
 suspended from the heart; or from arjp, 'air,' and 
 Trip€(d, ' I keep,' because it was supposed to con- 
 tain air. It is probable that Hippocrates meant 
 by aoprai the bronchia and their ramifications. 
 The aorta is the common trunk of the arteries of 
 the body. It arises from the left ventricle of the 
 heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal vertebra, 
 passes upwards {ascending Aorta,) forms the great 
 arch of the Aorta, and descends along the left 
 of the spin", {dcscpnding Aorta,) until it reaches 
 the middle of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra, 
 where it bifurcates, to give origin to the common 
 
 iliacs. The aorta is sometimes divided into the 
 Thoracic or pectoral, and the Ahdomimd. F(>r 
 the arteries which arise from it, ke., see Artery. 
 
 AORTEURYS'MA, from aoprr,, 'the aorta,' 
 and ix'pvs, 'dilated.' Aneurism of the Aorta. (F.) 
 Anevrysme de V Aorte, Aortiectasie. By carefully 
 auscultating over the dorsal vertebrae, a bellows' 
 sound, with a deep and not always perceptible 
 impulse, may be detected. 
 
 AOR'TIC, Aor'ticus. Relating to the Aorta. 
 The Aortic ventricle, (F.) Ventricle Aortique, is 
 the left ventricle. The Aortic valves are the sig- 
 moid valves at the origin of the Aorta, &c. 
 
 AORTIEOTASIE, Aorteurysma. 
 
 AORTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Aor'tm, from Aorta, 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the aorta. 
 
 AORTRA, Aortron. A lobe of the lungs. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 AO'TUS, from a, privative, and ouy, 'an ear.' 
 A monster devoid of ears. — Gurlt. 
 
 APAG'MA, Apioelas'ma, Apocecaidis'mcnon, 
 from uTTo, ' from,' and aym, ' I remove.' Separa- 
 tion, abduction. Separation of a fractured bone. 
 — Galenus, Foesius. 
 
 APAGOGE, Defecation, Inductio. 
 
 APALACHINE, Ilex vomitoria — a. d Fenille« 
 de Prunier, Prinos — a. Gallis, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 APAL'LAGE, Apallax'is, from aira^arni), ' I 
 change.' Mutation, change. It is generally 
 taken in a good sense, and means the change 
 from disease to health. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APALLAXIS, Apallage. 
 
 APALOT'ICA, from avaXort;, 'softness, ten- 
 derness.' Fortuitous lesions or deformities affect- 
 ing the soft parts. The first order in the class 
 Tychica, of Good. 
 
 APANTHESIS, Apanthismus. 
 
 APANTHIS'MUS, Apanthe'sis, from a-ro, 
 'from,' and avQm, 'I flower.' The obliteration 
 of parts previously inservient to useful purposes, 
 as of the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus, 
 which are essential to foetal existence, but are 
 subsequently unnecessary. See, also, Stuprum. 
 
 APANTHRO'PIA, from a-o, 'from,' and ai-- 
 •&j3a)7ro5, 'man.' Detestation of man; desire for 
 solitude. — Hippocrates. One of the symptoms of 
 hypochondriasis. 
 
 APAPHRISMOS, Despumation. 
 
 APARACH'YTUM VINUM, from a, priv., 
 and vapa'xyia, ' I pour over.' The purest wine : 
 that which has not been mixed with sea-water. — 
 Galen. 
 
 APARINE, Galium aparine — a. Hispida, Ga- 
 lium aparine. 
 
 APARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis. 
 
 AP'ATHY, Apathi'a, Ameli'a, from a, i^riva- 
 tive, and ira^of, 'affection.' (F.) Apathie. Ac- 
 cidental suspension of the moral feelings. It 
 takes place in very severe diseases, particularly 
 in malignant fevers. 
 
 APECHE'MA, from avo, 'from,' and vx°?' 
 ' sound.' Properly the action of reflecting sound. 
 In medicine, it is synonymous with the Latin 
 Oontraftssura, a counter-fissure, a counter-blow. 
 — Gorrteus, Celsus. 
 
 APECTOCEPHALUS, Acephalothorus. 
 
 APEL'LA, Appel'la, Leipoder'mos, Becuti'tvs, 
 from a, priv., and pellie, ' skin.' One whose pre- 
 puce does not cover the glans. — Galenus, Lin- 
 naeus, Vogel. Retraction or smallness of any 
 other soft appendage. — Sagar. One who is cir- 
 cumcised. 
 
 APEPSIA, Dyspepsia. 
 
 APE'RIENT, Ape'riens, Aperiti'vus, from ape 
 rire, {ad and pario,) 'to 0])en.' Bes'erans. A 
 laxative. (F.) Aperitif. A medicine which 
 gently opens the bowels. The term had fur. 
 
APERISTATON 
 
 88 
 
 APIONTA 
 
 merly a much more extensive signification, and, 
 like Catalyt'icum, was given to a substance sup- 
 posed to have the power of opening any of the 
 piissages, and even the blood-vessels. 
 
 APERIS'TATON, Aperia'tatum, from a, pri- 
 vative, and TTcpiaTtijiLL, ' I surround.' An epithet 
 for an ulcer not dangerous nor considerable, nor 
 surrounded by inflammation. 
 
 APERITIF, Aperient. 
 
 APERITIVUS, Aperient. 
 
 APERTOE, OCULI, Levator palpebrse superi- 
 aris. 
 
 APERTO'RIUM, from aperio, '1 open.' An 
 instrument for dilating the os uteri during labour. 
 
 APERTURA, Mouth — a. Anterior ventriculi 
 tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri) — a. Pelvis superior, 
 gee Pehis. 
 
 APEUTHYSMBNOS, Rectum. 
 
 APEX, Mucro. The point or extremity of a 
 part : — as the apex of the tongue, nose, &c. 
 
 Apex Linguje, Proglossis. 
 
 APH^RESIS, Apheresis, Extirpation. 
 
 APHALANGI'ASIS, from a, ' intensive,' and 
 (paKay^, 'phalanx.' The fourth stage of Oriental 
 leprosy, which is recognised chiefly by a gangre- 
 nous condition of the fingers. 
 
 APHASSOM'ENOS, from a^aaaio, ' I touch, I 
 feel.' The touching of the parts of generation 
 of the female as a means of diagnosis. — Hippo- 
 ta-ates. See Esaphe. 
 
 APHEDRA, Anus. 
 
 APHEDRIA, Menses. 
 
 APHEDRON, Anus. 
 
 APHELI'A, a<ps\r}i, 'simple.' Simplicity. 
 The simple manners of the sect of Methodists in 
 teaching and practising medicine. 
 
 APHELX'IA, from a^cXxu), * I abstract.' A''o- 
 luntary inactivity of the whole or the greater 
 part of the external senses to the impressions of 
 surrounding objects, during wakefulness. Be- 
 very, (F.) Reverie. Dr. Good has introduced 
 this into his Nosology, as well as Aphelx'ia so- 
 <ora or absence of mind — A. inten'ta or abstrac- 
 tion of mind : and A. otio'sa, Etu'dium ina'ne, 
 brown study or listless mxisinj, 
 
 APHEPSEMA, Decoction. 
 
 APHEPSIS, Decoction. 
 
 APHE'RESIS, Apha'resis, from acfiaipsia, '1 
 take away.' An operation by which any part of 
 the body is separated from the other. Hippo- 
 crates, according to Foesius, uses the expression 
 -iphce' resis San'guinis for excessive hemorrhage; 
 and Sennertus, to express the condition of an 
 animal deprived both of the faculties of the mind 
 and of the mind itself. 
 
 APH'ESIS, from acpirj/jii, '1 relax.' A remis- 
 sion. This word expresses sometimes the dimi- 
 nution or cessation of a disease ; at others, lan- 
 guor and debility of the lower extremities. See 
 Languor, and Remission. 
 
 APHILAN'THROPY, ApMlanthro'pia,{iom a, 
 privative, ^tXcm, ' I love,' and av^piairos, ' a man.' 
 Dislike to man. Love of solitude. Vogel has 
 given this name to the first degree of melancholy. 
 
 APHISTESIS, Abscess. 
 
 APHODEUMA, Excrement. 
 
 APHODUS, Excrement. 
 
 APHONETUS, Aphonus. 
 
 APHO'NIA, Liga'tio lingu(P, Loqne'la ahoVita, 
 J.iefec'tus loqne'la, Dyspho'nia, (of some,) ApV - 
 •jny, (F.) Aphonic, Perte de la Voix, from a, pri- 
 Tative, and ^uvr,, 'voice.' Privation of voice, or 
 of r-ie sounds that ought to be produced in the 
 glottis. When aphonia forms part of catarrh or 
 'A ' cold,' it is commonly of but little consequence ; 
 bui when produced by causes acting on the ner- 
 >ous system, as by some powerful emotion, or 
 without any appreciable lesion of the vocal appa- 
 
 ratus, (Laryngo-paralyaie,) it frequently resists 
 all remedies. 
 
 Aphonia, Catalepsy — a. Surdorum, Mutit'OS 
 Surdorum. 
 
 APHONICUS, Aphonus. 
 
 APHO'NUS, Apho'nicuB, Apho'netua ; same 
 etymon. Relating to aphonia. 
 
 APHONY, Aphonia. 
 
 APHORIA, SterUitas, 
 
 APHORICUS, Sterile, 
 
 APHORUS^ Sterile. 
 
 APHOR'ME, a<popi>.ri, 'occasion.' The exter- 
 nal and manifest cause of any thing. The occa- 
 sional cause of a disease. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APHRO'DES, 'frothy,' from aippos, 'foam,' 
 and tiBos, 'resemblance.' Applied to the blood 
 and the excrements. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APHRODISIA, Coition, Puberty. 
 
 APHRODIS'IAC, Aphrodisiacus, from A.<ppo- 
 6iTr], 'Venus.' (F.) Aphrodisiaque. Medicine 
 or food believed to be capable of exciting to the 
 pleasures of love; as ginger, cantharides, Ac. 
 They are generally stimulants. 
 
 APHRODISIACUS, Venereal. 
 
 APHRODISIASMUS, Coition. 
 
 APHRODISIOG'RAPHY, from AippoSiTv, 'Ve- 
 nus,' and ypa^o), 'I describe.' Etymologically, 
 this term means a description of the pleasures of 
 love, but it has been placed at the head of a work 
 describing the venereal disease. 
 
 APHROG'ALA, from a<ppos, ' foam,' and ya^a, 
 ' milk.' Lac spumo'sum. A name formerly given 
 to milk rendered frothy by agitation. 
 
 APHRONIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 APHRONITRUM, Natrum, Soda. 
 
 APHROSYNE, Delirium, Insanity. 
 
 APHTHA, AphtcB, Apthce, from uTrroj, 'I in- 
 flame.' Thrush or sore mouth, Aphtha lactu'ci- 
 men, A. Infan'tum, Lactu'cimen, Lactucim' ina, 
 Al'eolcB, Laetu'mina, Em'phlysis aphtha, Ulcera 
 serpen'tia oris, Pus'tula oris, Fehris apihtho'sa, 
 Angi'na aphtho'sa, Vesic'ulce gingiva' rum, Sto- 
 mati'tis exsudati' va, S. vesiculo'sa infan'tum, Sto- 
 map'yra, S. aphtha, Prunel'la, White Thrush, 
 Milk Thrush. Aphthae consist of roundish, pearl- 
 coloured vesicles, confined to the lips, mouth, 
 and intestinal canal, and generally terminating 
 in curd-like sloughs. In France, the Aphthae of 
 children, Ap)hthes des Enfans, is called 3Iugiief, 
 Millet, Blanchet, Catarrhe buccal and Stomatite 
 cremeuse pidtacee, Pultaceous inflammation of 
 the Mouth ; and generally receives two divisions 
 — the mild or discreet, (F.) Muguet benin ou dis- 
 cret, and the malignant, (F.) Muguet malin ou 
 confluent, the Black Thrush. Common Thrush ia 
 a disease of no consequence, requiring merely 
 the use of absorbent laxatives. The malignant 
 variety, which is rare, is of a more serious cha- 
 racter, and is accompanied with typhoid symp- 
 toms, — Typhus aphiho'ideus. 
 
 AphtHjE Adultorum, Stomatitis, aphthous — a. 
 Praeputii, Herpes prteputii — a. Serpentes, Cancer 
 aquatieus. ^ 
 
 APHTHE 6ANGRENEUX, Cancer aqua- 
 tieus. 
 
 APHTHES DES ENFANS, Aphthae. 
 
 APHTHE UX, Aphthous. 
 
 APHTIIO'DES, Aphthoides, Aphtho'ideus, from 
 nphthee, and £i(5os, 'resemblance.' Aphthous-like. 
 Resembling aphtha?. 
 
 APH'THOUS, Aphtho'sus, (F.) Aphthcux. Be- 
 longing to aphthae ; complicated with aphthte ; 
 as Aphthous Fever. 
 
 APIASTRUM, Melissa. 
 
 APICES CRURUM MEDULLA OBLON- 
 GATA, Corpora striata — a. Digitorum, Pupulee. 
 
 APILEPSIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 APIONTA, see Excretion, 
 
APIOS 
 
 APOLYSIA 
 
 APIOS, Pyrus communis. 
 
 APIS, Bee. 
 
 API'TES, from airiov, 'a pear.' Perry. — Gor- 
 neus. 
 
 APIUM, A. graveolens — a. Ammi, Ammi — a. 
 Auisum, Pimpinella anisum — a. Carvi, Carum. 
 
 Apium: Graveolens, Apium Paluda'pium, 
 Beli'num, Ses'eli graveolens, Slum c/raveolens, S. 
 a'pium, Smallage, (F.) Ache. Nat. Ord. Um- 
 belliferaj. ^-c. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The 
 plants, roots, and seeds are aperient and carmi- 
 native. Selery is a variety of this. 
 
 Apium Hortense, A. graveolens — a. Monta- 
 num, Athamauta aureoselinum — a. Paludapium, 
 A. Graveolens— a. Petrajum, Bubon Macedonicum. 
 
 Apiom: Petroseli'num, Apium Horten'se seu 
 vulga're, Eleosteli'num {?), Grielum, Petroseli'- 
 num, Oommon Parsley, (F.) Persil. The root — 
 Petroselinum, (Ph. U. S.) — and seeds ar-e diuretic 
 and aperient. 
 
 Apium Sium, Siiim nodiflorum — a. Vulgare, A. 
 
 APLAS'TIC, Aplas'ticus, from a, privative, 
 and pXaatTo), ' I form.' That which is not capable 
 of forming; that which does not serve to form, 
 or is not organizable. 
 
 Aplastic Element; one which is unsuscep- 
 tible of any farther amount of organization. — 
 Gerber. 
 
 APLESTIA, Ingluvies, Intemperance. 
 
 APLEU'ROS, from a, privative, and irXtvoos, 
 'a rib.' One without ribs. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 APLOT'OMY, Aplotom'ia, from anXoos, 'sim- 
 ple,' and Tc/Avd), '1 cut.' A simple incision. 
 
 APNBUSTIA, Apnoea, Asphyxia. 
 
 APNCE'A, from a, privative, and vvtoi, 'I re- 
 spire.' Asphyx'ia, Apneim'tia. Absence of re- 
 spiration, Respjira'tio abol'ita, or insensible respi- 
 ration. Also, Orthopnoea. 
 
 Apncea Infantum, Asthma Thymieum. 
 
 APNCEASPHYXIA, Asphyxia. 
 
 APNUS, airvoog, same etymon. One devoid of 
 respiration. An epithet applied by authors to 
 crises in which the respiration is so small and 
 slow, that it seems suspended. — Castelli. It is 
 probable, however, that the word was always ap- 
 plied to the patient, not to the disease. 
 
 APO, a-no, a prefix denoting 'from, of, oflF, out.' 
 Hence — 
 
 APOBAMMA, Embamma, 
 
 APOBAINOISr, Eventus. 
 
 APOBESOMENON, Eventus. 
 
 APOBIOSIS, Death. 
 
 APOBLEMA, Abortion. 
 
 APOBOLE, Abortion. 
 
 APOBRASMA, Furfur. 
 
 APOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation. 
 
 APOCATASTASIS, Considentia, Restauratio. 
 
 APOCATHARSIS, Catharsis. 
 
 APOCATHARTICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 APOCECAULISMENON, Apagma. 
 
 APOCBNO'SIS, Aposceno'sis, from ano, 'out,' 
 and kEnjcrif, 'evacuation.' A partial evacuation, 
 according to some, in opposition to Cenosis, which 
 signifies a general evacuation. — CuUen and Swe- 
 di.iur apply it to morbid fluxes. 
 
 Apocexosis, Abevacuatio — a. Diabetes melli- 
 tu3. Diabetes — a. Ptyalismus mellitus, see Saliva- 
 tijn — -a. Vomitus pyrosis. Pyrosis. 
 
 APOCHOREOX, Excrement. 
 
 APOCHREMMA, Sputum. 
 
 APOCHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
 
 APOCH'YMA, from iTroXf", 'I pour out.' A 
 Bort of tar, obtained from old ships, which is im- 
 pregnated with chloride of sodium. It was used 
 as a discutient of tumours. — Aetius, Paulus, 
 Gorrsus. 
 
 APO cm GOBE-MOUCHE, Apocynum an. 
 
 drossemifolium. 
 
 APOCLASMA, Abduction, Apagma. 
 
 APOCLEISIS, Asitia, Disgust. 
 
 APOCOPE, from a-no, and kotttciv, 'to cut.' 
 Abscission. A wound with loss of substance. 
 Fracture with loss of part of a bone. Amputa- 
 tion. 
 
 APOCOPUS, Castratus. 
 
 APOCRISIS, Contagion, Excrement, Secre- 
 tion. 
 
 APOCROUS'TIC, Apoerous'tica se,u Apocnus' - 
 tica, (remed'ia,) from a-o, 'out,' and xpovio. 'I 
 push.' An astringent and repellent. — Galenus. 
 
 APOCRUSTICA, Apocroustic. 
 
 APOCYESIS, Parturition. 
 
 APOCYNUM ANDROSJEMIFO'LIUM,from 
 aiTo, and KV(j)v, ' a dog,' because esteemed, of old, 
 to be fatal to dogs. Dog's Bane, Bitter Boy'a 
 Bane, Milkiceed, Bitterroot, Honeyhloom, Catch- 
 fiy. Flytrap, Ip'eeac, (F.) Apocin gohe-mouche, 
 A, araer. Nat. Ord. Apocynea3. Sex. Syst. Pent- 
 andria Digynia. The root of this plant is found 
 from Canada to Carolina. Thirty grains evacu- 
 ate the stomach as effectually as two-thirds of 
 the amount of Ipecacuanha, by which name it is 
 known in various parts of the eastern states. It 
 is in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States. 
 
 Apoc"ynum Cannab'inum, Indian Hemp. This 
 American plant possesses emetic, cathartic, dia- 
 phoretic and diuretic properties, and has been 
 strongly recommended in dropsy. It has been 
 given in decoction, — ^ij of the root boiled in 
 three pints of water to two. A wine-glassful for 
 a dose. 
 
 Apocynum Nov^ Anglic Hirsutum, Ascle- 
 pias tuberosa — a. Orange, Asclepias tuberosa — a, 
 Scaudens, Allamanda. 
 
 APODACRYT'ICUS, Belachrymati'vus, from 
 aru, 'from,' and ^afcfjuu, 'I weep. A substance, 
 supposed to occasion a flow of the tears, and then 
 to arrest them. — Columella, Pliny, Galenus. 
 
 APODEMIALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 
 APOD'IA, from a, privative, and jrouy, 'a foot.' 
 Want of feet ; hence Apous or Apus, one who has 
 no feet. 
 
 APODYTE'RIUM, Ooniste'rium, Sp)oUato'. 
 rium, Spolia'rium, from avoivw, 'I strip off.' The 
 ante-room, where the bathers stripped themselves 
 in the ancient gymnasia. 
 
 APOGALACTISMUS, Weaning. 
 
 APOGALACTOS, Exuber. 
 
 APOGEUSIS, Ageustia. 
 
 APOGEUSTIA, Ageustia. 
 
 APOGLAUCOSIS, Glaucosis. 
 
 APOGON, Imberbis. 
 
 APOG'ONUM, fromaTTo, and yivojiai, 'I exist.' 
 A living foetus in utero. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOLEPISIS, Desquamation. 
 
 APOLEPISMUS, Desquamation. 
 
 APOLEP'SIS, Apolep'sia, Apolip'sis, from 
 anoXaji^avd), 'I retain.' Retention, suppression. 
 — Hippocrates. Asphyxia. 
 
 APOLEX'IS, from anoXriyu), 'I cease.' Old 
 age, decrepitude. 
 
 APOLINO'SIS, from oiro, and \tvov, 'a flaxen 
 thread.' The mode of operating for fistula in 
 ano, by means of a thread of Homolinon or Linvm 
 cr!/rf«))!.— Hippocrates, Paulus. 
 
 APOLIPSIS, Apolepsis. 
 
 APOLLINARIS ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus 
 
 APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 APOLYS'IA, ^jooZ'y«!*s, fromarroXi'd), 'I loosen.' 
 Solution. Relaxation. Debility of the limbs or 
 looseness of bandages. — Erotian. Expulsion of 
 the foetus and its dependencies. Termination of 
 a disease. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
APOMATHEMA 
 
 90 
 
 APOPLEXIA 
 
 APOMATIIE'MA, ApomatJie'sis, from a-no, and 
 uttviaiu), 'I learn.' Forgetfulness of things taught. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOM'ELI, from aro, ' of,' and /<£>i, ' honey.' 
 An oxymel or decoction made of honey. — Galen, 
 Aetius, Paulus, &c. 
 APOMEXIS, Munctio, 
 
 APOMYLE'aSTAS, from a-o^nXXaivw, *I make 
 a wry mouth.' One who pushes his lips forwards, 
 pressing them against each other. Occasionally 
 a symptom of nerrous fever. — Galen, Erotian. 
 
 APOMYTIIO'SIS, from aTroiiuaato, 'I snore.' 
 A disease in which there is stertor. — Sauvages, 
 Sagar. 
 APOMYXIA, Nasal mucus. 
 APONEUROG'RAPHY, Aponeurogra'phia, 
 from anovivodxji;, an 'aponeurosis,' and ypaipn, 
 'a description.' A description of the Aponeu- 
 roses. 
 
 APONEUROL'OGY, Aponeurolorj"ia,ixom 
 aKovevp(i)tng, 'an aponeurosis.' and Ao/os, 'a dis- 
 course.' Aponeurosiol'oyy. The anatomy of the 
 aponeuroses. 
 
 APOXEUROSIOLOGY, Aponeurology. 
 APONEURO'SIS, Aponevro'sis, from ano, 
 ' from,' and vtvpov, ' a nerve.' Pronerva'tio, De- 
 nerva'tio, Enerva'tio, Expan'sio nervo'sa, (F.) 
 Aponeurose, Aponcvrose. The ancients called 
 every white part vzvpov, and regarded the Apo- 
 neurosis as a nervous expansion. The Aponeu- 
 roses are white, shining membranes, very resist- 
 ing, and composed of fibres interlaced. Some 
 are continuous with the muscular fibres, and differ 
 only from tendons by their flat form. They are 
 called Ajioneuroses of insertion, (F.) Aponevroses 
 d'inaertion, when they ^re at the extremities of 
 muscles, and attach them to the bone ; — Aponeu- 
 roses of intersection, (F.) Aponevroses d'intersec- 
 tion, if they interrupt the continuity of the mus- 
 cle, and are continuous on both sides with mus- 
 cular fibres. Others suiTOund the muscle, and 
 2>revent its displacement : they are called envelop- 
 ing Aponeuroses, (F.) Aponevroses d'enveloppe. 
 
 Aponeurosis, Fascia — a. Crural, Fascia lata — 
 a. Femoral, Fascia lata — a. Iliac, Fascia iliaca. 
 
 ■APONEUROSI'TIS, from aponeurosis, and 
 itis, 'denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of 
 an aponeurosis. 
 
 APONEUPi-OT'IC, Aponeurot'icus. What re- 
 lates to Aponeuroses : — thus, we say Aponeurotic 
 expansion, Apioneurotic muscle, &c. 
 
 APONEUROT'OMY, Aponeurotom'ia, from 
 avovevpwaig, 'aponeurosis,' and ts/jvoj, 'I cut.' 
 Anatomy of aponeuroses. 
 
 Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for the 
 di\ision, [debridement) of filaments, &c., in apo- 
 neurotic openings, and for the section of fasciae. 
 APONEVROSE PEDIEUSE, see Pedal 
 Aponeurosis — a. Superficielle de I' Abdomen et de 
 la Guisse, Fascia superficialis. 
 APONEVROSIS, Aponeurosis. 
 APON'IA, from a, privative, and ttovo;, 'pain.' 
 Freedom from pain. 
 
 APONIPSIS, Ablution. 
 
 APOPALLE'SIS, Apopal'sis, from aTroTraXXto, 
 'I throw off.' Expulsion. Protrusion. — Hippo- 
 crates. Also, Abortion. 
 
 APOPATE'MA, Apop'athos, Apop'atus. The 
 excrement, and the place where it is deposited. — 
 Dioscorides, Erotian. 
 
 APOPEDAvSIS, Luxation. 
 APOPHLEGMATISANS PER NARES, Er- 
 rhiuc — a. per Os, Sialogogue. 
 
 APOPHLEGMATISAN'TIA, Apophlef/mati- 
 ton'ta, Apophlerjmatis'mi, from aro, 'out,' and 
 tfl^tyiiu, 'phlegm.' Medicines which facilitate the 
 upward expulsion of mucus from the mucous 
 
 membrane of the digestive or air passages; as 
 gargles, masticatories, <i'c. 
 
 APOPHLEG'MATISM, Ajwphlegmatis'mvs, 
 The action of Apophlegmatisantia. — Galen. 
 APOPHLEGMATISMI, Apophlegmatisantia. 
 APOPH'RADES, from airo0paj, 'unlucky.' 
 An epithet applied to unluckj- days, [dies ne- 
 fandi.) Da}'s on which a favourable change 
 is not expected to occur in a disease. — A. Lau- 
 rentius. 
 
 APOPHRAXIS, Amenorrhcea. 
 APOPHTHAR'MA, AjJopMthora, from airo, 
 and ^5-£(pu, ' I corrupt.' Abortion, as well as a 
 medicine to procure abortion. 
 APOPHTHORA, Abortion. 
 APOPHTHORIUS, Abortive. 
 APOPHY'ADES, from otto, 'from,' and (j>vu>, 
 ' I spring.' The ramifications of veins and arte- 
 ries. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOPHYSE BASILAIRE,^ Basilary process 
 — a. Engamante ou vaginale. Vaginal process — 
 a. Pyramidale, see Temporal Bone — a. Petree, 
 see Temporal Bone. ^ 
 
 APOPHYSES E PINE USES, Spinous pro- 
 cesses of the vertebrae. 
 
 APOPH'YSIS, from OTTO, 'from,' and 0t.a), 'I 
 rise,' Ec'physis, Proces'sus, Apipendix, A process 
 of a bone, Prominen'tia ossis contin'ua. When 
 the apophysis is yet separated from the body of 
 the bone by intervening cartilage, it is called 
 Ei^iph/ysia. The apophyses or processes are, at 
 times, distinguished by epithets, exjjressive of 
 their form : as A. styloid, A. coracoid, &c. Others 
 are not preceded by the word apophysis; as Tro- 
 chanter, Tuberosity, &o. 
 
 Apoph'ysis of Ingras'sias is a term applied 
 to the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Apophysis of Rau, Grele apopjhyse du Ifar- 
 teau : see Malleus. 
 
 Apophysis Zygojiatica, Zygomatic process. 
 APOPIES'MA, from aTzoKie^ui, ' I comjiress.' 
 Hippocrates uses the term to signify a fancied 
 expression or forcing out of humours by the 
 application of bandages in wounds and frac- 
 tures. 
 
 APOPLANESIS, Error loci. 
 APOPLECTIC, Ajioplee'ticus. Referring to 
 Apoplexy. This word has various significations. 
 It is appjlied, 1. To individuals labouring under 
 apoplexy : 2. To remedies proper for combating 
 apoplexy : 3. To the constitution, temperament, 
 or make, Arehitectu'ra apoplee'tiea, Hab'itiis 
 apjoplec'ticus, which predisposes to it, and, 4. To 
 the symptoms which characterize apoplexj' ; as 
 Apoplectic sleep, A. stroke, A. stertor, ic. The 
 jugular veins have also, by some, been called 
 Apioplectic veins, VencB apoplee'ticoB. 
 
 APOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic, Apoplectic 
 Apoplectic Cell. A cavity remaining in the 
 encephalon, after the efiusion of blood and it-s 
 subsequent absorption. 
 
 APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy— a. Catalepsia, Cata- 
 lepsia — a. Cerebralis, see Apoplexy— a. Cerebri, 
 see Apoplexy — a. Cordis, Ila^mocardiorrhagia — 
 a. Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus internus — a. 
 Ilepatica, Ilepatorrhagia- — a. Medullaris, Apo- 
 plexia myelitica — a. Meningoea, Apoplexy, me- 
 ningeal. 
 
 ApoplexiA Myeht'ica; A. MeduUa'ris, A. 
 Spina'lis, A. Rachia'lis, Hamor'rhachis, Myelor- 
 rhug"ia, MyclapopJex'in, (F.) Apoplexie de In 
 Moclle epiniere, JJemorrhagie de la Moelle epini- 
 h-c, Hemato-myelie, Hcmo-myelorrhngie, H6'ma- 
 torrhrichis. Hemorrhage into the spinal marrow. 
 Apoplexia Nervosa, Apoplexy, nervous — a. 
 Nervosa traumatica, Concussion of the brain — a. 
 Pituitosa, see Apople.xy — a. Pulmonalis, see Hae- 
 moptysis — a. Pulmonum, see Haemoptysis — &. 
 
APOPLEXIE CAPILLAIRE 
 
 91 
 
 APOSTERIGJIA 
 
 Renalis, Apoplexy, renal — a. Ractialis, A. mye- 
 litica — a. Sauguinea, see Apoplexy — a. Serosa, 
 see Apoplexy — a. Simplex, Apoplexy, nervous — 
 a. Spasmodica, Apoplexy, nervous — a. Spinalis, 
 Apoplexia myelitica — a. Temulenta, see Temu- 
 lentia. 
 
 APOPLEXIE CAPILLAIRE, MoUities ce- 
 rebri — a. Cirebrale, Apoplexy, Hemorrhagic cere- 
 hvale. 
 
 APOPLEXIE FOUDROYANTE, 'Thun- 
 dering Apoplexy.' A form of apoplexy, which 
 (^ intense and rapidly fatal. 
 
 APOPLEXIE MENINGEE, Apoplexy, me- 
 ningeal — a, De la Moelle Epiniere, Apoplexy, 
 spinal. 
 
 AP'OPLEXY, Apoplex'ia, from a-^oTr\riTTeiv, 
 ' to strike with violence.' At the present day, 
 the term apoplexy is employed by many writers 
 to signify interstitial hemorrhage, (F.) Hemor- 
 rhagie interstitieUe, or every effusion of blood, 
 which occurs suddenly into the substance of an 
 organ or tissue. Hence, we speak of cerebral 
 apoplexy, pulmonary apoplexy, &o. &c. For- 
 merly it was always — and still is by many — 
 used in a restricted sense, to signify, in other 
 words, the train of phenomena, which cha- 
 racterize cerebral apoplexy. This disease, Hcb- 
 morrha'gia Oer'ehri, Aphro' nia. Cams AjMplex'ia, 
 Coma Apoplex'ia, Apoplex'ia cer'ehri sanguin'ea, 
 A. cerehra'lis, Encep>halorrhag"ia, San'guinia 
 ictus, Hcemateneeph' alum, Pulj^ez' ia, Sidera'tio, 
 Apileps'ia, Morbus atton'itus, Gutta, Thcopile'gia, 
 Theoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexic, A. cirebrale, Hema- 
 toencephalie, Coup de sang, is characterized by 
 diminution, or loss of sensation and mental ma- 
 nifestation ; by the cessation, more or less com- 
 plete, of motion ; and by a comatose state, — cir- 
 culation and respiration continuing. It generally 
 consists in pressure upon the brain ; either from 
 turgescence of vessels, or from extravasation of 
 blood : hence the terms Hcemeneeph' alus, Hemor- 
 rhagie cerebrale, and Hemoencep>halorrhagie, ap- 
 plied to it by some. The general prognosis is 
 unfavourable ; especially when it occurs after the 
 age of 35. When Apoplexy is accompanied with 
 a hard, full pulse, and flushed countenance, it is 
 called Apo2:>lexia sanguin'ea, Cataph'ora coma j' 
 when with a feeble pulse and pale countenance, 
 and evidences of serous effusion, Apoplex'ia se- 
 ro'sa, A. pituito'sa, Serous Apoplexy, Catajih'ora 
 hydroceiihal'ica, Encephaloch' ysis seni'lis, Hydro- 
 ceph'alus acu'tus sentim, Hydro'encephalorrhee, 
 (Piorry), Mydropisie cerebrale auraigue, Hydror- 
 rhagie. 
 
 In Xervous Apoplexy, Apoplex'ia nervo'sa seu 
 spasmod'ica, A. simp)lex. Simple apoplexy, no le- 
 sion whatever may be perceptible on dissection, 
 although the patient may have died under all the 
 phenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy. 
 
 Apoplexy of the Heart, Hsemocardior- 
 rhagia. 
 
 Apoplexy, Meninge'al, Apoplex'ia menin- 
 gce'a, (F.) Apoplexic meningSe, Hemorrhagic me- 
 ningee. Hemorrhage from the meninges of the 
 brain or spinal marrow, generally into the great 
 cavity of the arachnoid. 
 
 Apoplexy, Nervous, see Apoplexy — a. Pul- 
 monary, see Hfemoptysis — a. Simple, A. Nervous. 
 
 Apoplexy, Renal, Apoplex'ia rena'lis. A 
 condition of the kidney, characterized by knotty, 
 irregular, tuberculated eminences, some of a deep 
 black colour. Effusion of blood into the sub- 
 stance of the kidney. 
 
 Apoplexy, SERors, see Apoplexy — a. Spinal, 
 Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 APOPNEUSIS, Exhalatio. 
 
 APOPNIXIS, Suffocation. I 
 
 APOPNOE, Exspiratio. 
 
 APOPNCEA, Exspiratio. 
 
 APOPSYCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 APOPTO'SIS, from a-o^Tru, 'I fall down.' 
 A relaxation of bandages. — Erotian. 
 
 APORRHOE, Aporrhoea. 
 
 APORRHCE'A, Apor'rhoe, Apor'rhysis, Deflu'- 
 vium, from a-noppcui, 'I flow from.' An emana- 
 tion, effluvium, contagion. — Moschion. A falling 
 off of the hair, according to some. 
 
 APORRHYSIS, Aporrhoea. 
 
 APOSCEM'MA, Aposcep'sis, from a-KoaKriTTin. 
 'I lie down, I direct myself towards.' Affiux of 
 fluids towards a part. Metastasis. The first 
 word has been applied to the excrements. — Hip- 
 pocrates, Galen. 
 
 APOSCENOSIS, Apocenosis. 
 
 APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Eeascia'tio, from aro 
 and (TKe-apvov, 'a. hatchet.' Wound of the cra- 
 nivim, by a cutting instrument, in which a piece 
 of the bone has been cut out, as with a hatchet. 
 — Gorreeus. 
 
 APOSCEPSIS, Aposcemma. 
 
 APOS'CHASIS, Aposchas'mus, from aT70iTXa^<i>t 
 '1 scarify.' Scarifica'tion. A slight superficial 
 incision in the skin. Also, blood-letting. — Hip- 
 pocrates. 
 
 APOS'IA, Sitis de/ec'fus, from a, privative, 
 and roffi;, ' drink.' Want of thirst, absence of 
 desire for liquids. 
 
 APOSI'TIA, from a-o, 'from,' and o-iroy, 'food.' 
 Aversion for food. — Galen. See Disgust. 
 
 APOSIT'IC, Aposit'ieus ; the same etymology. 
 Any substance which destroys the appetite, or 
 suspends hunger. 
 
 APOSPAS'MA, from aKoairaw, ' I tear or lace- 
 rate.' (F.) Arrachement. A solution of conti- 
 nuity, especially of a ligament; lihegma liga- 
 menta're, Lacera'tio ligamentu'ria. 
 
 APOSPHACEL'ISIS, Aposphacelis'mus, from 
 airo, and a(paKt\o;, 'mortification.' Gangrene in 
 wounds and fractures, owing to the bandages 
 being too tight. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOSPHINX'IS, avoaipiylig, constrictioD, 
 compression. The action of a tight bandage. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 APOSPONGIS'MUS, the act of sponging for 
 any purpose. — Gorraeus. 
 
 APOSTALAG'MA, Apostag'ma, from a-no, 
 'from,' and araXa^u}, 'I drop.' The ancient name 
 for the saccharine liquor which flows from grapes 
 when not yet pressed. 
 
 APOS'TASIS, from avo, and larrnii, 'I stop.' 
 The ancients had different significations for this 
 word. It was most commonly used for an ab- 
 scess. The separation of a fragment of bone by 
 fracture. Removal of disease by some excre- 
 tion, <&c. 
 
 APOSTAX'IS, from avt-jraX'o, 'I distil from.' 
 Staxis. The defluxion of any humour, as of 
 blood from the nose. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOSTE'MA, from arrc, 'from,' and taTr,jxi, 'I 
 settle,' or from acfuarrmi, ' I recede from.' This 
 word is used by the ancients somewhat vaguely. 
 It meant an affection in which parts, previously 
 in contact, are separated from each other by a 
 fluid collected between them. The moderns re- 
 gard it as synonymous with Abscess. Some, even 
 of the moderns, have applied it to any waiery 
 tumour, and even to tumours in general. 
 
 Apostema Cerebri, Encephalopyosis — a. Em- 
 pyema, Empyema — a. Parulis, Parulis— -a. Pha- 
 langum, Fourche — a. l?soa.t\cnTj\ Lumbar abscess. 
 
 APOSTERIG'MA, iir-j^D a-reirvpi^oi, 'I sup- 
 port.' Any thing tha 'i ^vj^.c-it? a diseased part, 
 as a cushion, a pilk »', /jo, — Galen. A deep- 
 seated and inveterate siv^we of the intestines 
 
 Hippocrates. 
 
APOSTHIA 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 APOS'THIA, Leipoder'niia, from a privative, 
 tmd TToadia, 'prepiKse.' Want of prepuce. 
 
 APOSTOLO'RUM UNGUENT'UM, Bodeca- 
 phar' riia.cum, Ointment of the Apostles. So called, 
 because as many solid ingredients entered into 
 ir^ composition as there were apostles. It con- 
 tained several resins and gum-resins, yellow wax, 
 oil, vinegar, verdigris, &c., and was formerly em- 
 ployed as a vulnerary. 
 
 APOS'TROPHE, from airo, and ,j-pf<f,(o, '1 
 turn.' An aversion or disgust for food. — Paulus. 
 Also, the direction of humours towards other parts. 
 APOSYPuMA, Abrasion, Desquamation. 
 APOTELES'MA, from avo, and rcKzatia, 'com- 
 pletion.' The result or termination of a disease. 
 See, also, Amuletum. 
 APOTHANASIA, see Death. 
 AVOTKE' CA,Pharmace'um,Pliarmacopo'lium, 
 from a-o, and rtOrijii, ' to place.' Any place where 
 things are kept, and therefore ' a shop,' and par- 
 ticularly a wine cellar. A place or vessel wherein 
 medicines are kept. See Pharmacopolium. 
 
 APOTHECARIES' HALL. The Hall of the 
 Corporation or Society of Apothecaries of Lon- 
 don, where medicines are prepared and sold 
 under their direction, &c. This Company ob- 
 tained a charter of incorporation in the 15th year 
 of James the First. No general practitioner can 
 establish himself in England or Wales, without 
 having obtained a license from the Court of Ex- 
 aminers of the Company. 
 
 APOTH'ECARY, Apotheca'rius, Dispensa'tor, 
 Pharmacopo'la, Picjmenta'rixis, Pharmacopoe'us, 
 Pharnia'ceus, Pharmaceu'ta, Rhizot'omus, My- 
 ropo'les, ilyropio'lua, Pharmacter, Pharmacur'- 
 gicus, Pharmacur'giis, Pharmaceu' tist, same deri- 
 vation, (P.) Apjothicaire, Pharmacien, Pharma- 
 copole. In every country except Great Britain, 
 It means one who sells drugs, makes up prescrip- 
 tions, Ac. In addition to these offices, which, 
 indeed, they rarely exercise, except in the case 
 of their own patients, the Apothecaries in Eng- 
 land form a privileged class of practitioners — a 
 kind of sub-physician. 
 
 APOTHERAPEI'A, ApiotherapV a, Apothera- 
 peu'sis, from a-o^cpuTrsvij}, {a-^o and depa-Krvbi,) 'I 
 cure.' A perfect cure. — Hippoc. In the ancient 
 Gymnastics, it meant the last part of the exer- 
 cises : — the friction, inunction, and bathing, for 
 the purpose of obviating fatigue, or curing dis- 
 ease. — Galen, GorrEeus. 
 
 APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia. 
 
 APOTHER'MUM, from avo, and Stpixn, 'heat.' 
 A pickle made of mustard, oil, and vinegar. — 
 Galen. 
 
 APOTH'ESIS, from airoTiSn^t, 'I replace.' 
 The position proper to be given to a fractured 
 limb, after reduction. 
 
 APOTHICAIRE, Apothecary. 
 
 APOTHICAIRERIE, (F.) from aTzo^n<ri, 'a 
 warehouse, shop.' The same as Apotheca; also, 
 a gallipot. 
 
 APOTHLIM'MA, from ano, and 5Xi(3a), 'I 
 press from.' Anciently, the dregs, and some- 
 times the expressed juice, Si.ccw expres'sus, of 
 plants. — Gorrteus. 
 
 APOTHRAU'SIS, from avo^pavw, 'I break.' 
 Kracture of a bone, with spicula remaining. Ex- 
 traction of a spiculum of bone. — Gorrseus. Also, 
 Abscission. 
 
 APOTILMOS, Evulsion. 
 
 APOT'OKOS, from a-ro, and tiktu, 'I bring 
 forth.' An abortive foetus. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOTOME, Amputation. 
 
 APOTOMIA, Amputation. 
 
 APOTROP^UM, Amuletum. 
 
 APOTROPE, Aversion, Also, deviation — as 
 •f a limb — Parat'rope. 
 
 APOXYSMUS, Abrasion. 
 
 APOZEM, Decoction. 
 
 APOZESIS, Decoction. 
 
 APPARA'TUS, Parasceu'e, from ad and pa- 
 rare, ' to prepare.' This word signiiies a collec- 
 tion of instruments, &c., for any operation what- 
 ever. (F.) Appareil. 
 
 In surgery, it means the methodical arrange- 
 ment of all the instruments and objects necessary 
 for an operation or dressing. By extension, the 
 French give the name Appareil, Capsa chiriir'- 
 gica, to the ease or drawers in which the appara- 
 tus is arranged. 
 
 Apparatus has likewise been applied to the 
 different modes of operating for the stone. — See 
 Lithotomy. 
 
 In Physiology, Apparatus {Appareil) is ap- 
 plied to a collection of organs, all of which work 
 towards the same end. A system of organs com- 
 prehends all those formed of a similar texture. 
 An apparatus often comprehends organs of very 
 different nature. In ihe, former, there is analogy 
 of structure ; in the latter, analogy of function. 
 
 Apparatus Altus, see Lithotomy. 
 
 Apparatus Immov'able, (F.) Appareil iramo- 
 hile. Immovable Bandage, Permanent Bandage. 
 An apparatus for fractures, which is generally 
 formed by wetting the bandages in some sub- 
 stance, as starch or dextrin, which becomes solid, 
 and retains the parts in situ. 
 
 Apparatus Lateralis, see Lithotomy — a. 
 Major, see Lithotomy — a. Minor, see Lithotomy. 
 
 APPAREIL, Apparatus, Battier — a. Grand, 
 see Lithotomy — a. Haut, see Lithotomy — a. Im- 
 mobile, Apparatus, immovable — a. Lateralise, see 
 Lithotomy — a. Petit, see Lithotomy — a. Pig- 
 mental, Pigmental apparatus. 
 
 APPAREILS BE FORMATION, (F.) Gall 
 admits, in the brain, two kinds of fibres ; the 
 one, divergent, proceeding from the cerebral pe- 
 duncles to the convolutions, and constituting 
 what he calls appareils de formation : the other, 
 convergent, and proceeding from the convolutions 
 to the centre of the organ, constituting what he 
 calls appareils de reunion. The frst, as a whole, 
 form the organs of the mental faculties : the latter 
 are commissures, which unite parts of the organ 
 that are double and in pairs. 
 
 APPAUVRI, Impoverished. 
 
 APPENBICE, Appendix — o. C(Ecal, Appen- 
 dix vermiformis cseci — a. Bigital, Appendix ver- 
 miformis cseci — a. Sous-sternale, Xiphoid carti- 
 lage — a. Sns-spheno'idale du cerveaxi, Pituitary 
 gland — a. Xipho'ide, Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 Appendices Coli AdipoSjE, Appendiculss epi- 
 ploicEe — Epiplo'iques, Appendiculee epiploicas. 
 
 APPENDICULA CEREBRI, Pituitary gland 
 — a. Vermiformis cteci, see Appendix — a. Epi- 
 ploica, Epipiloic appendage. 
 
 APPENDIC'ULiEPINGUEDIN0'S^,i7p»y- 
 loic ap)pendages, Appendic'ulcs Epiplo'iccE, Ap- 
 pen' dices coli adijoo'scB, Omen' tula, (F. ) Aptpen- 
 dices Epiiplo'iques. Prolongations of the peri- 
 toneum beyond the surface of the great intestine, 
 which are analagous in texture and arrangement 
 to omenta. 
 
 APPEN'DIX, Epiph'ysis, from appendere, {ad 
 and pendere, ' to hang,') 'to hang from.' Any 
 part that adheres to an organ or is continuoua 
 with it : — seeming as if added to it. An apypeud- 
 age; an apophysis, (F.) Appendice, Annexe. 
 
 Appendix Auricula, see Auricles of the 
 Heart. 
 
 Appendix Cerebri, Pituitary gland — a. ad 
 
 Cerebrum, Cerebellum — a. Cutanea SeptiNariam, 
 
 Statica Septi Narium — a. to the Epididymis, Vae- 
 
 culum aberrans — a. Ventriculi, Duodenum. 
 
 Appendix A''er.mifor'mis, Appendic'ula Ver- 
 
4PPEXSI0 
 
 AQUA 
 
 my/or'mis Cce'ci, Tubus Vermicula'rh Ocbo!, Ec'- 
 2>hyas, Addltamen'tam Goli, Appen'dix Oce'ci, (F.) 
 Appendice vcrmiformc, A. ccecal ou digital. A 
 vermicular process, the size of a goose-quill, 
 ■which hangs from the intestine csecwm. Its func- 
 tions are unknown. 
 
 APPEXSIO, see Analeptia. 
 
 KW'EiT'&l^C'Ei, Appeten'tia, from appetere, {ad 
 and petere,) ' to desire.' An ardent, passionate 
 desire for any object. 
 
 APPETIT, PERTE B% Anorexia. \ 
 
 AP'PETITE, Appeti'tus, Appnten'tia, Appeti"- 
 Sr(, {ad and petere,) 'to seek,' Cupi'do, Orex'is, 
 Orme: same etymology as the last. An internal 
 twnsation, which warns us of the necessity of ex- 
 erting certain functions, especially those of diges- 
 tion and generation. In the latter ease it is called 
 venereal appetite, (F.) Appetit venerien: in the 
 former, simply appetite, (F.) Appetit ou Appeti- 
 tion. If the desire for food, occasioned by a real 
 want, be carried to a certain extent, it is called 
 hunger, when solid food is concerned ; thirst, when 
 liquid. Aripetite and hunger ought not, how- 
 ever, to be employed synonymously : they are 
 different degrees of the same want. Hunger is 
 an imperious desire : it cannot be provoked, like 
 the appetite. It is always allayed by eating : but 
 not so the appetite; for, at times, it may be ex- 
 cited in this manner. They are very generally, 
 however, used synonymously. 
 
 Appetite, Morbid, Limosis. 
 
 Ap'petite, Vexe'real, Venereal desire, (F.) 
 Le genesique, Ainour jihysique. The instinctive 
 feeling that attracts the sexes towards each other 
 to effect the work of reproduction. 
 
 APPETITUS CANIXUS, Boulimia— a. Defi- 
 ciens, Dysorexia. 
 
 APPLE, ADAM'S, Pomum Adami— a. Bitter, 
 Cucumis colocynthis — a. Curassoa, Aurantium 
 curassaventium — a. Eye, see Melon — a. May, 
 Podophyllum peltatum — a. Root, Euphorbia co- 
 toUata. 
 
 Apple Tea, Apple water. Slice two large, not 
 over-ripe apples, and pour over a pint of boiling 
 water. After an hour, pour off the fluid, and, if 
 necessary, sweeten with sugar. 
 
 Apple Tree, Pyrus mains. 
 
 APPLICA'TA,from applicare, {ad and pi icare, 
 'to fold,') 'to apply.' A word, unnecessarily in- 
 troduced into medical language, to express the 
 objects which are applied immediately to the sur- 
 face of the body, as clothes, cosmetics, baths, &c. 
 —Halle. 
 
 APPLTCA'TIOiSr, Appliea'tio, fsame etymon,) 
 in a moral signification, is synonymous with At- 
 tention. Also, the act of applying one thing to 
 another: as the application of an apparatus, of 
 a bandasje, blister, &e. 
 
 APPREHEX'SIO, from ad and prehendere, 
 ' to take.' This word is employed in various 
 senses. It means catalepsy or eatoehe. — Paul 
 Zacchias. A kind of bandage for securing any 
 part. Also, a theraneutieal indication. 
 
 APP ROCHE, Coition. 
 
 APPROXIMA'TIOX, Approxlma'tin, from ad 
 and proximus, 'nearest.' Ettrauller gave this 
 name to a pretended method of curing disease, 
 by making it pass from man into some animal or 
 vegetable, by the aid of immediate contact. 
 
 ApPiAC'TA, from a, priv., and rjjno-o-uj, ' I act.' 
 V/'ithout action. An epithet for the parts of ge- 
 neration, when unSt for copulation or generation. 
 
 APRICATIO, Insolation. 
 
 APRICOT, Prnnus Armeniaca. 
 
 APROCTUS, see Atretus. 
 
 APROSO'PIA, Triocephal'ia, from a, priv., 
 and -rrpoc-w-ov, ' the face.' A malformation, which 
 consists in the face being deficient. 
 
 APR0S0PT7S, Mieroprosopus. 
 
 APSINTHIA'TUM, from a^iv^.ov, 'worm- 
 wood.' A sort of drink made of wormwood. 
 — A e tins. 
 
 APSINTHITES, Absinthites. 
 
 APSTCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 APSYXIA, Syncope. 
 
 APTH^, Aphthffi. 
 
 APTYS'TOS, from o, priv., and tttuo), 'I spit. 
 Devoid of expectoration. An epithet given tt 
 certain pleurisies, in which there is no expectora- 
 tion. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APUS, see Apodia. 
 
 APY'ETOS, from a, priv., and ttvov, 'pus.' An 
 external affection, which does not end in suppu- 
 ration. 
 
 APYIQUE, Apyos. 
 
 AP'YOS, from a, priv., and tvov, 'pus,' (F.) 
 Apyique. That which does not afford pus. 
 
 APYRECTIC, Apyretic. 
 
 APYREXOMELE, Apyromele. 
 
 APYRET'IC, Apyret'icv.8, Apyrec'tic, Apyrec'- 
 ticus, Apyr'etua, from a, priv., and irvp, 'fire, 
 fever.' Without fever. This epithet is given to 
 days in which there is no paroxysm of a disease, 
 as in the case of an intermittent, as well as to 
 some local affections which do not induce fever. 
 Urticaria is sometimes called an apyi-etic exan- 
 them. 
 
 APYREX'IA. The same etymology. Absence 
 of fever: Dialem'ma, Dialeip'sis, Dialip'sis, 
 Tempua intercala're. Interval' lu?n, Intermis'sio. 
 Apyrexia is the condition of an intermittent 
 fever between the paroxysms : the duration of 
 the apyrexia, consequently, depends on the typo 
 of the intermittent. Occasionally, the term has 
 been applied to the cessation of the febrile con- 
 dition in acute diseases. 
 
 APYROME'LB, Apyrenome'le, from a, priv., 
 TvpTjv, 'a nut,' and fuyX??, 'a sound.' A sound or 
 probe, without a button or nut. It is the Mela'tie, 
 Specil'Ium auricula' rium or Auricular sound of 
 Galen. 
 
 AQUA, Urine, "Water — a. Aeidi carbonici. 
 Acidulous water — a. Acidula hydrosulphurata, 
 Naples water (factitious) — a. Aeris fixi. Acidu- 
 lous water (simple) — a. Alkalina oxymuriatiea, 
 Eau de Javelle — a. Aluminis compositus. Liquor, 
 a. c. — a. Aluminosa Bateana, Liq. aluminis com- 
 positus — a. Aramoniae, Liquor ammonise — a. Ace- 
 tatis ammonife. Liquor ammonia} acetatis — a. 
 Ammoniss carbonatis. Liquor ammoniae subcar- 
 bonatis — a. Ammonite caustica. Liquor ammonise 
 — a. Amnii, Liquor Amnii. 
 
 Aqua Amygdala'rum Concentra'ta, (F.) 
 Eau d'Amandes arncrcs, Water of hitter almonds. 
 Made by bruising well two pounds of litter al- 
 monds ; adding, whilst triturating, ten pounds 
 of spring water, and four pounds of alcohol ; let- 
 ting the mixture rest in a well-closed vessel, and 
 then distilling two pounds. Used instead of the 
 Aqua Laurocerasi, and the Hydrocyanic acid. 
 
 An Aqua amyg'dalm ama'rcE, Bitter Almond 
 water, has been introduced into the last edition 
 of the Ph. IT. S., 1851, {01. amygdal. amar. 
 TTLxvj. ; Ifagnes. Carhon. ^}. ; Aqua Oij.) 
 
 Aqfa Anisi Fortis, Spiritus anisi — a. Aquis- 
 granensis, see Aix-la-Chapelle — a. Auditoria, 
 Cotunnius, Liquor of — a. Aurantii, see Citrus au- 
 rantium — a. Azotica oxygenata. Aqua nitrogenii 
 protoxydi — a. Balsamica artcrialis. Aqua Bi- 
 nellii — a. Bareginensis, Bareges water — a. Barytaj 
 Muriatis, see Baryta, muriate of — a. Bellilucana, 
 Balaruc waters — a. Benedicta, Liquor caleis — a. 
 Benedicta composita. Liquor caleis compositus — • 
 a. Benedicta Rulandi, Vinum antimonll lartari- 
 zati. 
 
 Aqua Bine'llii, Acqua Binelli, A. Ifonftroni, 
 
AQUiE AOIDUL^ 
 
 94 
 
 AQU^DUCTUS 
 
 Afjua Bdham'ica arteria'lls, (F.) Eau de Binelli, 
 Eau de Monteronsi. A celebrated Italian haamo- 
 Btatic, invented by one Binelli. Its composition 
 is unknown, but its virtues have been ascribed to 
 creasote ; although there is reason for believing 
 it to possess no more activity than cold water. 
 
 Aqua Brocchie'rii, Acqua Brocchieri, Broc- 
 chieri water, (F.) Eau de Brocchieri, Eau sty})- 
 tique de BroccJtieri. A supposed styptic, which 
 made much noise at Paris at one time. It is de- 
 void of efficacy. Dr. Paris found nothing in it 
 but water perfumed by some vegetable essence. 
 
 Aqua Borvonensis, Bourbonne-les-Bains, mi- 
 neral waters of — -a. Bristoliensis, Bristol water — 
 a. Calcarise ustaj. Liquor calcis — a. Calcis, Liquor 
 calcis — a. Calcis composita. Liquor calcis compo- 
 situs — a- Camphorae, Mistura camphorae — a. 
 Camphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sulphas — a. Car- 
 bonatis soda3 acidula, Acidulous water, simple — 
 a. Catapultarum, Arquebusade, eau d' — a. Chlo- 
 rini, see Chlorine. 
 
 Aqua Cinnamo'mi, Cinnamon Water. Distilled 
 water of Cinnamon Bark. Prepared also in the 
 following manner. 01. Ginnam. f^ss; Magnes. 
 Carbon, ^j ; Aq. destillat. Oij. Rub the oil and 
 carbonate of magnesia ; add the water gradually, 
 and filter. (Ph! U. S.) 
 
 Aqua Cinnamomi Fortis, Spiritus Cinnamomi 
 ■ — a. Colcestrensis, Colchester, mineral waters of. 
 
 Aqua Colora'ta, ' coloured water.' A name 
 given to a prescription in which simple coloured 
 water is contained. Used in hospital cases, more 
 especially, where & jilacebo is demanded. 
 
 Aqua Cupri Ajimoniata, Liquor c. a, — a. Cu- 
 pri vitriolati composita, Liquor cupri sulphatis 
 composita — a. inter Cutem, Anasarca — a. Destil- 
 lata, Water, distilled — a. Florum aurantii, see 
 Citrus aurantium — a. Fluviatilis, Water, river. 
 
 Aqua Fosnic'uli, Fennel water. The distilled 
 water of fennel seed. It may be prepared also 
 like the aqua cinnamomi. 
 
 Aqua Fontana, Water, spring — a. Fortis, Ni^ 
 trie acid — a, Hepatica, Ilydrosulphuretted water 
 — a. Hordeata, Deeoctum hordei — a. Imbrium, 
 Water, rain — a. Intercus, Anasarca — a. Inter 
 Cutem, Anasarca — a. Juniperi composita, S^jiritus 
 juniperi compositus — a. Kali, Liquor potassae 
 dubcarbonatis — a. Kali caustici. Liquor potassas 
 — a. Kali prseparati. Liquor potassifi subcarbon- 
 atis — a. Kali puri. Liquor potassae— a. Kali sub- 
 carbonatis, Liquor potassae subcarbonatis — a. La- 
 byrinthi, Cotunnius, liquor of — a. Lactis, Serum 
 laetis — a. ex Lacu, Water, lake — a. Lithargyri 
 acetati composita, Liquor plumbi subacetatis di- 
 lutus — a. LuciiB, Spiritus ammoniaj succinatus — 
 a. Marina, Water, sea — a. Medicata, Water, mi- 
 neral. 
 
 Aqua Mexth^e Pipeei'TjE, Peppermint Water. 
 The distilled water of peppermint. It may be 
 prepared like the aqua cinnamomi. 
 
 Aqua Mentha Piperitidis Spirituosa, Spi- 
 ritus menthie piperitaa — a. Menthas viridis, Spear- 
 mint water; see Aquo3 mentha; piperita — a. Men- 
 thae vulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus mentha3 viridis — 
 — a. Mineralis, Water, mineral — a. Mirabilis, Spi- 
 ritus pimentae — a. Mulsa, Ilydromeli — a. Natri 
 Oxmyuriatici, Liquor sodae chlorinate — a. Nea- 
 politana, Naples water, (factitious) — a. Ncphrit- 
 ica, Spiritus myristica. 
 
 Aqua Nitrogen'ii Protox'ydi, Protox'ide 
 of Ni'tro(]en Water, Aqua azot'ica oxygena'ta, 
 Searle's patent ox)/(j"enoun aerated water. A pa- 
 tent solution of protoxide of nitrogen, said to 
 contain five times its own bulk of gas. It has 
 ijeen recommended as a nervine, and excitant in 
 nervous conditions, dyspepsia, &c. It has also 
 been used in cholera, and to counteract the evil 
 consequences of di-unkennesa. The dose is f ^vj, 
 
 or §viii, two or three times a day; or, in dys- 
 pepsia, as a beverage between meals. 
 
 Aqua Nivata, Water, snow — a. Nucis moscha- 
 tae, Spiritus myristicae — a. Ophthalmiea, Liquor 
 zinci sulphatis cum camphora — a. Paludosa, 
 Water, marsh — a. Pedum, Urine — a. Pericardii, 
 see Pericardium — a. Picea, see Pinus sylvestris 
 — a. Picis, see Pinus sylvestris — a. Pluvialis, 
 Water, rain — a. Potassae, Liquor potassae — a, 
 Pulegii spirituosa, Spiritus pnlegii — a. Putealis, 
 Water, well — a. ex Puteo, Vv'ater, well — a. Rabelli, 
 Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Raphani composita, 
 Spiritus armoraciae compositus — a. Regia, ISTitro- 
 muriatic acid. 
 
 Aqua Ros^, Rose Water, Rhodostag'ma) 
 (Eos. centifol. Ibviij : AqucB cong. ij. M. Distil a 
 gallon— Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Aqua Salubris, Water, mineral — a. Sappha- 
 rina. Liquor cupri ammoniata — a. Saturni, Li- 
 quor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — a. Sclopetaria, 
 Arquebusade eau d' — a. Scminum anisi compo- 
 sita, Spiritus anisi — a. Scminum carui fortis, 
 Spiritus carui — a. Soda effervescens. Acidulous 
 water, simple — a. Soteria, Water, mineral — a. 
 Stygia, Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Styptica, Liquor 
 cupri sulphatis composita — a. Sulphurata sim- 
 plex, Hydrosulphuretted water — a. Sulphurcti 
 ammonife. Liquor fumans Boylii — a. Thediana, 
 Arquebusade eau d' — a. Theriacalis Bezoardica, 
 Chylostagma diaphoreticum Mindereri — a. To- 
 fana. Liquor arsenicalis — a. Tosti panis. Toast 
 water — a. Traumatica Thedenii, Arquebusade eau 
 d' — a. Vegeto-mineralis, Liquor plumbi subace- 
 tatis dilutus — a. Viciensis, Vichy water — a. Vi- 
 triolica camphorata. Liquor zinci sulphatis cum 
 camphora — a. Vitriolica caerulea,, Solutio sulpha- 
 tis cupri composita — a. Vulneraria, Arquebusade 
 eau d' — a. Zinci vitriolati cum camphora, Liquor 
 zinci sulphatis cum camphora. 
 
 AQU^ ACIDULjSI, Acidulous waters — a, 
 Badiguas, Bath, Mineral waters of — a. Badizae, 
 Bath, Mineral waters of — a. Bathoniae, Bath, 
 Mineral waters of — a. Buxtonienses, Buxton, Mi- 
 neral waters of — a. Cantuarienses, Canterbury, 
 waters of — a. Chalybeataj, V/aters, mineral, cha- 
 lybeate. 
 
 Aqu^ Destilla't^, Distilled Waters, Hydro- 
 la'ta, (F.) Hydrolats. These are made by put- 
 ting vegetable substances, as roses, mint, penny-r 
 royal, Ac, into 'a still with water, and drawing 
 off as much as is found to possess the aromatic 
 properties of the plant. To every gallon of the 
 distilled water, 5 oz. of spirit should be added to 
 preserve it. The simple distilled waters are some- 
 times called AqiicB stillatit"icE sim'plices : the spi- 
 rituous, Aqua stillatit"i(B spirituo'scB, but more 
 commonly Spir'itus. 
 
 Aqu^ Martiales, Waters, mineral, chalybe- 
 ate — a. Metus, Hydrophobia — a. Minerales aci- 
 dulae. Waters, mineral, gaseous — a. Minerales 
 ferruginosEe, Waters, mineral, chalybeate- — a. Mi- 
 nerales sulphurese, Waters, mineral, sulphureous 
 — a. Stillatitias, Aquae destillata^ — a. Solis, Bath, 
 mineral waters of. 
 
 AQUiEDUC'TUS, Aq'ueduct, from aqua 'wa- 
 ter,' and ducere, ductum, 'to lead.' (F.) Aqne- 
 duc. Properly, a canal for conducting water 
 from one place to another. Anatomists have 
 used it to designate certain canals. 
 
 AqUjEDUctus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the 
 brain — a. Cotunnii, Aqua;ductus vestibuH. 
 
 Aqu^duc'tus Coch'lejE, (F.) Aqucduc du Li- 
 mnron ; — a very narrow canal, which proceeds 
 from the tympanic scala of the cochlea to the 
 posterior edge oiihe pars pictrosa. 
 
 Aqu^duc'tus Fallo'pii, Canal spiro'ide d« 
 I'os temporal of Chaussier, (P.) Aqueduc de P\i- 
 lope. A canal in the pars petrosa of the tempo- 
 
AQUALICULUS 
 
 95 
 
 ARACHNOID CANAL 
 
 ral bone, which extends from the meatus audito- 
 rins internus to the foramen stylo-mastoideum, 
 and gives passage to the facial nerve. The 
 opening into this aqueduct is called Hia'tiw Fol- 
 io' pii. 
 
 AqUjEDUc'tus Syl'vii, Oana'Us emmen'ticB 
 quadrigem'inas, (P.) Aqueduc de Sylvius, Iter ad 
 quartum ventric' ulum, Cana'lis me dius, Canal in- 
 termcdiare des ventricules of Chaussier. A canal 
 forming a communication between the third and 
 fourth ventricles of the brain. 
 
 Aqujeduc'tus Vestib'uli, AqiKsductus Ootun'- 
 nii, Ganal of Cotun' niiis, (F.) Aqueduc du vestibule 
 ou Aqueduc de Ootugno. This begins in the ves- 
 tibule, near the common orifice of the two semi- 
 circular canals, and opens at the posterior surface 
 of the pars petrosa. 
 
 AQUALICULUS, from aqualis, ' a water-pot.' 
 That part of the abdomen which extends from 
 the umbilicus to the pubes. See Hj^pogastrium. 
 It has also been applied to the stomach or intes- 
 tinal canal. 
 
 AQUAS'TER. A word used, by Paracelsus, 
 to express the visions or hallucinations of pa- 
 tients. 
 
 AQUED UC, Aqueduct — a. de Cotugno — Aquce- 
 ductus vestibuli — a. de Fallope, Aquisductus Fal- 
 lopii — a. du Lima(;on, Aquasductus eochleaj — a. 
 de Sylvius, Aquasductus Sylvii — a. du Vestibule, 
 Aquaduetus vestibuli. 
 
 AQUEDUCT, Aquseductus. 
 
 A'QUEOUS, A'queus, Aqun'sus, Hydato'des. 
 Hydro'des, from aqua, 'water,' (F.) Aqueux, 
 Watery. The absorbents or lymphatics are 
 Bometimes called, in France, Conduits ou Ca- 
 naux aqueux. 
 
 Aqueous Humour of the Eye, Humor aquo'- 
 «U8, Albugin' eous humour, Ooei'des, Oo'des, Hy- 
 datoVdes, Hydato'des, Ova'tus seu Ovifor'mis 
 humor, (F.) Humeur aqueuse. The limpid fluid 
 which fills the two chambers of the eye, from the 
 cornea to the crystalline, and which is, conse- 
 quently, in contact with the two surfaces of the 
 iris. Quantity, 5 or 6 grains : s. g. 1.0003. It 
 contains albumen, chloride of sodium, and phos- 
 phate of lime in small quantity; and is enveloped 
 in a fine membrane : — the membrane of the aqueous 
 humour, Tunica propria seu Vagi'na humo'ris 
 x'quei seu 3[embra' na Demuria'na seu Desce- 
 met'ii. Membrane of Demours or of Descemet; al- 
 though these last terms are by some appropri- 
 ated to a third layer of the cornea. 
 
 AQUEUS, Aqueous. 
 
 AQUIDUCA, Hydragogues. 
 
 AQUIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium — a. Foliis 
 deciduis, Prinos. 
 
 AQUILA, Hydrargyri submurias. Sulphur. 
 
 The alchymists used this word for sublimed 
 sal ammoniac, precipitated mercury, arsenic, sul- 
 phur, and. the philosopher's stone. See Hydrar- 
 gyri Submurias, and Sulphur. 
 
 Aq'uila Ccelest'is; a sort of panacea, of which 
 mercury was a constituent. 
 
 Aq'uila LACH'RYjr.E; a liquor prepared from 
 several ingredients, especially from calomel. 
 
 Aq'uila Philosopho'rum. The alchymists, 
 whose terms were always mysterious, called mer- 
 cury thus, when reduced to its original form. 
 
 Aq'uila Yen'eris ; an ancient preparation, 
 made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac. 
 
 AQU'lL^ VEN^E, Temporal veins. 
 
 AQUILE'GIA, A. vxdga'ris, A. sylves'tris seu 
 A^pi'na, Common Colombine or Columbine, (P.) 
 Aneolie. The seeds, herb, and flowers were for- 
 merly used in jaundice and cutaneous diseases. 
 They are still retained in many of the Pharma- 
 copoeias of continental Europe. 
 
 Aqcilegia Alpina, AquUegia. 
 
 Aquilegia Canadensis, Wild Columbine, is 
 
 indigenous, and flowers in April and June. The 
 seeds are said to be tonic. 
 
 Aquilegia Sylvestkis, Aquilegia — a. Vul- 
 garis, Aquilegia. 
 
 AQUO-CAPSULITIS, Aquo-membranitis. 
 
 AQUO-MEMBRANI'TIS, Keratoiri'tis, Aquo- 
 capsulV tis. Inflammation of the anterior cham- 
 ber of the eye. A badly compounded term, de- 
 noting inflammation of the capsule or membrane, 
 of the aqueous humour. 
 
 AQUULA, Ceratocele, Hydatid, Hydroa — a. 
 Acustica, Cotunnius, liquor of. 
 
 Aquula seu Aqua Morgagnii. The minute 
 portion of water which escapes when an opening 
 is made into the capsule of the crj'stalline. 
 
 ARA PARVA, a small altar; — a kind of band- 
 age invented by Sostratus, which represents the 
 corners of an altar. — Galen. 
 
 AR'ABE ; a wound, a blow. — Erotian. 
 
 ARAB'ICA ANTID'OTUS HEPAT'ICA, Ar'- 
 abic Hepat'ic An'tidote. A powder composed of 
 myrrh, costus, white pepper, &c. It was admi- 
 nistered in new wine. 
 
 AR AB'ICUS LAPIS. A sort of white marble, 
 analogous to alabaster, found in Arabia. It was 
 regarded as absorbent and desiccative, and was 
 employed in hemorrhoids. 
 
 ARABIS BARBAREA, Erysimum barbarca. 
 
 AR'ABIS MALAG'MA. An antiscrofulou. 
 medicine, composed of myrrh, olibanum, wax 
 sal ammoniac, iron pyrites, &c. — Celsus. 
 
 AR'ABS, MEDICINE OF THE. The Ara. 
 bians kept the torch of medical science illumi- 
 nated during a dark period of the middle ages. 
 Before the year of the Hegira, they had schools 
 of medicine ; but these were most flourishing 
 during the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries. The 
 chief additions made by them to medical science 
 were in the departments of pharmacy and in the 
 description of diseases. Their principal writers 
 were Avicenna, Serapion, Averrhoes, Hali Abbas, 
 Moses Maimonides, Avenzoar, Rhazes, Albuca- 
 sis. &c. 
 
 ARACACHA, Conium moschatum. 
 
 ARACHIS AFRICANA, A. hypogea^a. Ame- 
 ricana, A. Hypogea. 
 
 Ar'achis Hypoge'a, a. America'na, A. Afri- 
 ca'na, Arachni'da hy^wgea, Ground nut. Peanut, 
 Earth almond, (S.) Ilane ; erroneously called 
 Pistachio nut, in the South; Pindars of the West 
 Indies. Cultivated in the Southern States. The 
 seeds are oily, and are eaten. A kind of inferior 
 chocolate may be made of them. 
 
 ARACH'NE, apa)^vn, 'a spider,' 'a cobweb.' 
 Hence 
 
 ARACHNIDA HYPOGEA, Arachis hypogea, 
 
 ARACHNI'TIS, Arachnoidi'tis, Arachnodei'- 
 tis, Inflammation of the Arachnoid. A variety 
 of phrenitis. 
 
 ARACHNODEITIS, Arachnitis. 
 
 ARACHNOID CANAL, see Canal, arachnoid. 
 
 Arachnoid of the Eye. The lining mem- 
 brane of a cavity, supposed by some to exist be- 
 tween the sclerotic and choroid. 
 
 Arach'noid Membrane, ileninx Ife'dia, 
 Arachno'ideus, Arachno'des, from apa^vr;, 'a cob- 
 web,' and two;, ' form, resemblance ;' Tu'nica 
 ara'nea, Arachno'des, T. crysfal'lina, Menin'- 
 gion. A name given to several membranes, 
 which, by their extreme thinness, resemble ?pi- 
 der-webs. — Celsus and Galen called thus the 
 membrane of the vitreous humour, — the tuuicn 
 hyaloidea. The moderns use it now for one of 
 the membranes of the brain, situate between (be 
 dura mater and pia mater. It is a serous mem- 
 brane, and composed of two layers ; the externa 
 being confounded, in the greater part of its extent, 
 with the dura mater, and, like it, lining the inte- 
 rior of the cranium and spinal canal; the oiher 
 
AKACHNOIDITIS 
 
 ARCEUTHOS 
 
 b<»ing extended over the brain, from •whicli it is 
 separated by the pia mater, without passing into 
 the sinuosities between the convolutions, and 
 penetrating into the interior of the brain by an 
 opening at its posterior part under the corpus 
 callosum. It forms a part of the investing sheath 
 of the nerves, as they pass from the encephalic 
 cavities. Its chief uses seem to be; — to envelop, 
 and, in some measure, protect the brain, and to 
 secrete a fluid for the purpose of keeping it in a 
 state best adapted for the proper performance of 
 lis functions. 
 
 ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis. 
 ARACK', Arrack; (East Indian.) A spiritu- 
 ous liquor made in India in various ways, often 
 from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented along 
 with the juice of the cocoa nut: frequently from 
 toddy, the juice which flows from the cocoa-nut 
 tree by incision, and from other substances. It 
 is a strong, heating spirit. 
 
 Arack, Mock, is made by adding ^ij of Ben- 
 zoic acid to a quart of rum. The celebrated 
 Vauxhall punch is made vrith such arack. 
 ARACOUCHINI, Idea aracouehini. 
 ARACUS AROMATICUS, Vanilla, 
 AR'ADOS, from apaSco), 'I am turbulent,' 
 The agitation excited in the stomach by the 
 coction of aliments of different nature. — Hippo- 
 crates. Likewise, the motion produced by ca- 
 thartics. 
 
 AR^OMA, Interstice. 
 AREOMETER, Areometer. 
 AR^OT'ICA, from apaiow, 'I rarefy.' Medi- 
 cines supposed to have the quality of rarefying 
 the humours. See Rarefaciens. 
 ARAKI, see Spirit, 
 
 ARALIA CANADENSIS, Panax quinquefo- 
 lium. 
 
 Aka'lia His'pida, Dwarf Elder, is said to be 
 diuretic, and has been recommended, in decoc- 
 tion, in dropsy. 
 
 APuA'lia Nudicaf'lis, Nardxis America' nva, 
 Snail Spikenard, Wild Liq'uorice, Sweet root, 
 False Sarsaparil'la, (F.) Petitnard. This Ame- 
 rican jjlant is said to be a mild stimulant and 
 diaphoretic, and has been recommended as a sub- 
 stitute for sarsaparilla. It is used, also as a tonic. 
 It is in the seconda.ry list of the Pharmacopoeia 
 of the United States. 
 
 Aba'lia Racemo'sa, American Spihenard, 
 lias the same properties as A. Nudicaulis. 
 
 Ara'liA Spino'sa, Angel'ica Tree, Prichly 
 J.ih, Tooihach Tree, Spikenard Tree, Prickly 
 Elder, Shothush, Pigeon Tree. Its properties 
 are not clear. The berries, and a tincture of 
 them, hare been employed, it is said, successfully 
 la toothach. A spirituous infusion has also been 
 used in colic. 
 
 ARANEA, Aranese Tela — a. Tarentula, see 
 Tarentula. 
 
 ARA'NE^ TELA, Ara'nca, Ara'jieum, Coh- 
 treb, (F.) Toile d'A^raignee. Formerly, this sub- 
 stance was much employed, and supposed to pos- 
 sess extraordinary virtues, especially when ap- 
 j.lied to the wrists. It has been recently used 
 again in intermittent^. The spider itself, sof- 
 tened into a plaster and applied to the forehead 
 B,nd temples, is said by Dioscorides to prevent 
 ague. Cobweb is a mechanical styptic, and is 
 po applied, at times. 
 
 ARANEO'SA URI'NA. A term applied to 
 the urine when loaded with filaments, like cob- 
 webs. 
 
 ARANEO'SUS (PULSUS): a term employed 
 ti^ express extreme weakness of pulse; when the 
 movements resemble those of a delicate net raised 
 ry tlie wind. 
 ARANEUM, Aranece Tela. 
 
 Ara'neum Ulcus, AstaMl'los. A name given 
 by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous ulcer, 
 extending from the feet to the legs. 
 ARARA, Myrobalanus citrina, 
 ARASCON, Nymphomania, Satyriasis, 
 ARATRUM, Vomer. 
 
 ARAUCARIA DOMBEYI, Dombeya excelsa. 
 
 ARBOR BENIVI, Benjamin— a. Indica, Lau- 
 
 rus cassia — a. Maris, Coral— a, Thurifera^ — Juni- 
 
 perus Lycia — a. Uteri Vivificans, Palmae uteri 
 
 jilicataB. 
 
 Arbor Vit^e, (F,) Arbre de vie. A name 
 given to an arborescent appearance, observed on 
 cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; and which 
 results from the particular arrangement of the 
 white substance with the eineritious. Also, tl)e 
 Thuya occidentalis. 
 
 Arbor Vit^Uterintjs, Palmse uteri plieatie. 
 
 Arbor Vit^ of the Uteevs, Palma; uteri 
 plicatse. 
 
 AR'BORES. A morbid alteration of the skin, 
 which precedes its ulceration. Ruland. 
 
 ARBOUSIER, Arbutus unedo. 
 
 ARBRE BE VIE, Arbor Vitfe. 
 
 ARBUSCULA GUMMIFERA BRAZILIEN- 
 SIS, Hypericum bacciferum. 
 
 ARBUTUS, A. Unedo — a. TraUing, A. Uva 
 ursi, Epigaja repcns. 
 
 Ar'butus Uva Ursi, Arctostaph'yloa Uva 
 ttrsi, Maira'nia uva ursi. Nat. Ord. Ericeje. 
 Sex. Syet. Decandria Monogynia. (F.) Buane- 
 rolle ou Raisin d'Ours. The leaves — (Uva Ursi, 
 Ph. U. S.) — of this plant are tonic and astringent, 
 and have been employed, chiefly, in diseases of 
 the urinary organs. Dose of the powder from 
 gr. XV. to jss. The English names are Trailiiuj 
 Ar'butus, Bear's Whortleberry or Bearberry, 
 Mountain-box, Redberry, Upland Cranberry, 
 Foxberry, Ohevkerberry. 
 
 Ar'butus Une'do, Ar'butus, J^ndrach'ne, Une'- 
 do, Une'do j)opyra'cea, KOfjapo;, (F.) Arbotisier. 
 A decoction of the leaves is astringent, and has 
 been used in diarrhoea. 
 
 ARC, Arch, Arcvs. Any part cf the body re- 
 sembling an arch in form ; as the Arch of the 
 colon, (F.) Arc du colon, — the transverse portion 
 of that intestine : — Arch of the Aorta, Arcus aor'- 
 tcB. (F.) Crosse de I'Aorte, &c., the turn which the 
 aorta takes in the thorax. 
 
 ARCA ARCANORUM, Hydrargyrum— a. Cor- 
 dis, Pericardium. 
 
 ARCADE ANASTOMOTIQUE, Arch, anas- 
 tomotic — a. Crurale, Crural arch — a. Inguinale, 
 Crural arch — a. Orbitaire, Orbitar arch — a. Pu- 
 biennc, Pubic arch — a. Zygoniatique, Zygomatic 
 arch. 
 
 ARCADES DENTAIRES, Dental arches- 
 a. Palmaires, Palmar arches. 
 
 ARCADI- TEMP OR 0-31 A XILLAIRE, 
 Temporalis. 
 
 ARC^'US or ARCGE'US, BALSAM OF, (F.) 
 Baume d'Arccrus. A kind of soft ointment used 
 in sores, contusions, &c. It is made by melting 
 two parts of mutton suet, one part of hog's lartf': 
 turpentine and rosin, each one part and a half: 
 straining and agitating till cold. 
 
 AR CAN SON, Colophonia, 
 
 ARCA'NUM, from a;-ca, 'a chest.' A secret, 
 a vostrum, a quack or empir'ical mcd'icine, (F.) 
 Arcane. A remedy whose composition is kept 
 secret ; but which is reputed to possess great 
 efiicaey. 
 
 Arcanum Corat.lixum, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydum — a. Duplicatum, Potassaj sulphas — a. 
 Tartari, Potassa; acctas. 
 
 ARCEAU, Arculus, Cradle. 
 
 ARCEUTHOS, Juniperns communis 
 
ARCH 
 
 ARCULUS 
 
 ARCH, ANASTOMOT'IC, (F.) Arcade Anasto- 
 motique, is the union of two vessels, wliieh anas- 
 tamose by describing a curved line. The vessels 
 of the mesentery anastomose in this manner. 
 
 Arch of the Aorta, see Aorta — a. Crural, see 
 Crural arch — a. Femoral, see Crural arch — a. 
 Gluteal, see Gluteal aponeurosis — a, Htemal, see 
 Ha?mal arch — a. Inguinal, see Crural arch — a. Or- 
 bital, see Orbitar arch — a. of the Palate, see Palate 
 bone — a. of the Pubis, see Pubic arch — a. Subpu- 
 bic, see Subpubic arch — a. Superciliary, see Super- 
 ciliary arches — a. Zygomatic, see Zygomatic arch. 
 
 Arches of the Palate. These are two in 
 number on each side of the throat, one of which 
 is termed anterior, the other posfen'or. 
 
 The anterior arch arises from the middle of 
 the velum palati, at the side of the uvula, and is 
 fixed to the edge of the base of the tongue. 
 
 The posterior arch has its origin, likewise, from 
 the side of the uvula, and passes downwards to 
 be inserted into the side of the pharj-nx. The 
 anterior arch contains the circumflexus palati, 
 and forms the isthmus faucium. The posterior 
 arch has, within it, the levator palati, and be- 
 tween the arches are the tonsils. 
 
 ARCHjE'US, ArcJie'vs, from apxi} 'commence- 
 ment,' (F.) Arehee. A word invented by Basil 
 Valentine, and afterwards adopted by Paracelsus 
 and Van Helmont. The latter used it for the 
 internal principle of our motions and actions. 
 This archjeus, according to Van Helmont, is an 
 immaterial principle, existing in the seed prior 
 to fecundation, and presiding over the develop- 
 ment of the body, and over all organic pheno- 
 mena. Besides this chief archasus, whose seat 
 Van Helmont placed in the upper orifice of the 
 stomach, he admitted several of a subordinate 
 character, which had to execute its orders ; one, 
 for instance, in each organ, to preside over its 
 functions ; each of them being subject to anger, 
 caprice, terror, and everv human failing. 
 
 ARCHANGEL, NEW,' MINERAL SPRINGS. 
 About twenty miles to the north of New Arch- 
 angel, Sitka Island, on the N. W. coast of North 
 America, are some therrnal sulphureous waters, 
 the temperature of one of which is upwards of 
 153° of Fahr. They are much celebrated. — Sir 
 Geo. Simpson. 
 
 ARCHANGELICA. Lamium album. 
 
 Archaxgelica Officinalis, Angelica. 
 
 ARCHE, apxi> -^" it"ium, Prineip'ium, Prvmor'- 
 divm, Ori'cjo, Inva'sio. The first attack of a dis- 
 eas3. 
 
 ARCHEj[;PTOMA, Proctocele. 
 
 ARCHE E, ArchEBus. 
 
 ARCHELL, CANARY, Lichen roceella. 
 
 ARCHELOG"IA, from cp;^?;, 'beginning,' and 
 Xoyof, ' a discourse.' A treatise on fundamental 
 principles : — of medicine, for example. 
 
 ARCIIEN'DA. A powder of the leaves of the 
 liyustrum, used by the Egyptians after bathing, 
 to obviate the unpleasant odour of the feet. — 
 Prosper Alpinus. 
 
 ABCHIA'TER, Arclia'trus, Protomed'icus, 
 Protia'tros, from a^X^' ' authority,' and larpo;, 
 ' physician.' The original signification of this 
 word is a matter of dispute. Some consider, with 
 filereurialis, that it meant physician to a prince, 
 king, emperor, <fcc. : others, with C. Hoffman, ap- 
 ply it to every physician who, by his situation, 
 I? raised above his colleagues. The former opi- 
 nion seems to have prevailed, — ArcJiiatre des 
 Rriis de France being applied to the chief physi- 
 cian to the kings of France. 
 
 ARCHIG"ENI MOREL Acute diseases; be- 
 cause they hold the first rank: from ap^n, 'be- 
 gianing,' and yivouat, '1 am.' 
 
 ARCHIMAGIA, Chymistry. 
 7 
 
 ARCHINGEAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Archingeay is situate in France, three leagues 
 from St. Jean d'Angely. The waters are prized 
 in all diseases. They seem to contain carbonate 
 of lime, a little chloride of sodium, carbonate of 
 iron, and some bitumen. 
 
 ARCHITECTURA APOPLECTICA, Apo- 
 plectic make. 
 
 ARCHITIS, Proctitis, Rectitis. 
 
 ARCHOCELE, Proctocele. 
 
 ARCHOPTOMA, Proctocele. 
 
 ARCHOPTOSIS, Proctocele. 
 
 ARCHORRHA'GIA, from apxos, 'tie anus,' 
 and pew, 'I flow.' Archorrhce'a. Hemorrhage 
 from the anus. 
 
 ARCHORRHCEA, Archorrhagia. 
 
 ARCHOS, Arcus, Rectum. 
 
 ARCHOSTEGNOMA, Stricture of the Rectum. 
 
 ARCHOSTEGNOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum. 
 
 ARCHOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum. 
 
 ARCHOSTRINX, Fistula in ano. 
 
 AR'CIFORM, Areifor'mis, from arx, arcis, 
 'a top or ridge,' a.nd forma, 'shape.' An epi- 
 thet given to certain fibres, Fihra arciform'es, 
 of the anterior pyramids of the medulla oblon- 
 gata, which take a curved course around the in- 
 ferior extremity of each corpus olivare and ascend 
 towards the cerebellum. 
 
 ARCTA'TIO, Arctitu'do, from arcto, ' I make 
 narrow ;' Angusta' tio, Ooarcta'tio. Contracticn, 
 (F.) Retrecissement, of a natural opening or of s 
 canal, and especially of the vulva, of the orifice 
 of the uterus, or of the intestinal canal. Consti- 
 pation, (see Stegnosis.) Reunion by suture or 
 infibulation. — Scribonius Largus, Paul Zao- 
 chias, &c. 
 
 ARC'TITUDO, Arctatio. 
 
 ARCTIUM, A. lappa — a. Bardana, A. lappa. 
 
 Arctium Lappa. The root and seed of the 
 Clit'hur, Barda'na, Arctium, A. harda'na se-l 
 majiis seu minus seu tomento'sum, I'lapMs, Lap- 
 pa glabra. Lappa major, L. persona' ta, Persola'- 
 ta, Persolla'ta, Persolu'ta, Burdock, (F.) Bar^ 
 done, Glouteron. Nat. Ord. Compositse. Ser. 
 Si/st. Syngenesia tequalis. Root diuretic : seed 
 cathartic. It has been used in decoction in dis- 
 eases of the skin and in syphUis. 
 
 Arctium Majus, A. lappa — a. Minus, A. lappa 
 — a. Tomentosum, A. lappa. 
 
 ARC'TOPUS ECHINA'TUS. A South Afri- 
 can plant, Nat. Ord. Umbelliferffi, which is de- 
 mulcent and diuretic, somewhat approaching sar- 
 saparilla. The decoction of the root is employed 
 in sj'philis, lepra, and chronic cutaneous aff'ections- 
 of all kinds. 
 
 ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA URSI, Arbutus 
 uva ursi, 
 
 ARCTU'RA, from arcto, ' I straighten.' The 
 efi'ects of a nail grown into the flesh, Arctu'ra 
 unguis. — See Onychogryphosis. 
 
 Arctura Ungctium. The growing in or inver- 
 sion of the nails. See Onychogryphosis. 
 
 ARCUA'TIO, Coneava'tio. An anterior gib- 
 bosity or projection of the sternum. 
 
 ARCUEIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ar- 
 cueil is about one league south of Paris. The 
 water contains carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, 
 sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, and some 
 deliquescent salts. 
 
 A celebrated society held its meetings at this 
 village, of which BerthoUet, Humboldt^ La Place, 
 &c., were members. 
 
 ARCULA CORDIS, Pericardium. 
 
 ARCTJLiE. The Orbitar FossEe : irosXtSei.-^ 
 Rufus of Ephesus. 
 
 ARCULUS, diminutive oi arcus, 'an arch.' A 
 i small ai-ch; a cradle, (F.) Arceau, Archet. A 
 
AECUS MEDULLARIS 
 
 AREOMETER 
 
 eemi.;ireular box or basket used for preventing 
 the bed-clotlies from coming in contact with in- 
 jured or diseased parts. An ordinance of the 
 Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade mothers to sleep 
 with an infant near them, unless it was put under 
 a solid cradle. 
 
 AK,CUS MEDULLARIS, Fornix— a. Senilis, 
 Gerotoxon — a. Subpubicus, Subpubic arch — a. 
 Supereiliaris, Superciliary arches — a. Unguium, 
 see Nail — a. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch. 
 
 ARDALOS, Excrement. 
 
 ARDAS, Excrement. 
 
 ARDENT, Ardens, from ardere, 'to burn.' 
 
 Ardent Eever, (F.) Fievre ardente. The 
 Oausus, Synocha, or inflammatory fever. 
 
 Ardent or Inflamed Eyes, (F.) Yeux ardens. 
 The eyes are so called when injected red. 
 
 Ardent Urine, (F.) Urine ardente. Urine of 
 a deep red. 
 
 ARDESIA HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis. 
 
 ARDEUR, Ardor — o. du Gceur, Cardialgia — 
 a. d'Estomac, Ardor ventriculi, Pyrosis — a. de 
 la Fievre, Ardor Febrilis — o. d' Urine, Ardor 
 UrLnse. 
 
 AR'DOR, (F.) Ardeur. Heat. A feeling of 
 burning, of violent heat; JEstus, ^stua'tio, Cau- 
 ao'ma. 
 
 Ardor Febri'lis, (F.) Ardeur de la Fi&vre. 
 The hot period of fever. 
 
 Ardor Stomachi, Pyrosis. 
 
 Ardor Uri'n^, (F.) Ardeur d'Urine. A scald- 
 ing sensation occasioned by the urine in passing 
 over the inflamed mucous membrane of the ure- 
 thra, or over the neck of the bladder. 
 
 Ardor Venereus, Heat. 
 
 ARBORYBiiTRic'vhi, EbuUit"io Sfom'acJii, (F.) 
 Ardeur d'Estomac. Heartburn. See Cardialgia 
 and Pyrosis. 
 
 A'REx\, 'a void place,' 'an open surface.' A 
 Latin word used by some authors to designate a 
 variety of Alopecia, in which the hair changes 
 colour, but does not fall ofi'j also, Porrigo de- 
 calvans. 
 
 Area Germinativa, TacJie emhryonnaire. 
 
 Area Pelltj'cida. An elliptical depression in 
 the ovum, filled with a pellucid fluid, in the cen- 
 tre of which is the germ. 
 
 Area Vascolo'sa, see Cireulus vcnosus. 
 
 ARE'CA. The fruit — Are'ca nut, Betel nut — of 
 Are'ca Cat'echn, A. Faufel, Caun'ga; Nat. Ord. 
 Palmse ; Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia; (F.) 
 Arec, is astringent and tonic, and enters into the 
 composition of the Betel, the great masticatory 
 of the Orientals. 
 
 Areca Catbchd, «ee Areca. 
 
 Arbca Faufel, see Areca. 
 
 AREFAC'TION, Arefac'tio, Xeran'sis, ^vpavai;, 
 irom arefaoere, ' to make dry,' {arere, ' to dry,' 
 and /acere, 'to make.') The process of drying 
 •substances, prior to pulverization. 
 
 ARENA, see Gravel. 
 ARENAMEN, Bole Armenian. 
 ARENA'TIO, C'hosis, Sand or Earth Bath; 
 from arena, ' sand ;' Sahnrra'tio. The applica- 
 tion of hot sand to the body. Pedilioiia of sand 
 were formerly used in Ascites 
 
 ARENO'SA URI'NA, Snudy Urine. Urine 
 when it deposits a sandy sediment. 
 
 ARENO'SUS, Sabulous. Also, one who passes 
 fiindy urine. 
 
 ARENULA, see Gravel. 
 
 ARE'OLA. A diminutive of Area, (F.) Aire. 
 Anatomists understand by Arcol(E, the inter- 
 stices between the fibres composing organs ; or 
 those existing between laminie, or between ves- 
 ■Bcls which interlace with each other. 
 
 Areola is, also, applied to the coloured circle 
 Ualo, Haha, which surrounds the nipple, Are'- 
 
 ola papilla'ris, and which becomes much darker 
 during pregnancy ; as well as to the circle sur- 
 rounding certain vesicles, pustules, kc, as the 
 pustules of the small-pox, the vaccine vesicle, 
 &c. Chaussier, in such eases, recommends the 
 word Aure'ola, (F.) Aureole. 
 
 Areola Papillaris, see Areola. 
 
 Areola, Tubercles op the, see Mamma. 
 
 APlE'OLAR, Areola'ris. Appertaining to an 
 areola. 
 
 Areolar Exhalations are those recremen- 
 titial secretions, which are efi"ected within the 
 organs of sense, or in parenchymatous struc- 
 tures, — as the aqueous, crystalline and vitreous 
 humours, &c. 
 
 Areolar Tissue, Cellular Tissue. 
 
 AREOM'ETER, Armoni'eter, Gravim'eter, Al- 
 coolom'eter, Aerostat'ic Balance, from apaios, 
 'light,' and fitrgnv, 'measure:' i e. ' measure of 
 lightness.' An instrument, so called, because 
 first employed to take the specific gravity of 
 fluids lighter than water. The Areometer of Bau- 
 me, which is the most used in Pharmacy, particu- 
 larly in France, consists of a tube of glass, largely 
 expanded towards its inferior extremity, and ter- 
 minating, below, by a small ball, containing mer- 
 cury or lead, which serves it as a balance, so that 
 it may remain upright in the fluid. This tube is 
 furnished with a graduated scale. If the fluid 
 into which the Areometer is plunged be heavier 
 than water, the instrument rises : if lighter, it 
 sinks. There are various Areometers, as those 
 of the Dutch, of Fahrenheit, Nicholson, &c. The 
 Areometer is also called Hydrom'eter, (F.) Are- 
 ometre, Pese-liqiieur. 
 
 There are some hydrometers which have a gene- 
 ral application for determining the specific gra 
 vities of liquids, — as Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's, 
 Guyton de Morveau's, and the common glass hy 
 drometers, including Baume's, Cartier's, Twad- 
 dle's, Zanetti's, and the specific gravity beads ; 
 others intended for special application, — aa for 
 estimating the comparative strength of spirits : 
 the comparative densities of syrups, oils, &c., — 
 as Guy Lussae's, Sikes's and Dicat's hydrometers, 
 and the saccharometer, urinometer, and elaeometer. 
 
 SCALE op baume's AREOMETER WITH CORBB- 
 SPONDING SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 
 
 1. Ascending Scale for light liquids. 
 
 Scale of 
 
 Specific 
 
 BaumS. 
 
 Gravities 
 
 
 700 
 
 66 
 
 715 
 
 bO 
 
 7-12 
 
 50 
 
 782 
 
 48 
 
 792 
 
 42 
 
 819 ) 
 
 40 
 
 827 S 
 
 30 
 
 847 
 
 33 
 
 803 
 
 32 
 
 8ii8 
 
 30 
 
 878 
 
 26 
 
 hi 
 20 
 18 
 ]3 
 12 
 
 n 
 
 10 
 
 Substances. 
 
 P06 , 
 915 I 
 
 M. 
 923 
 
 935 > 
 948 S 
 iifO 
 9Ho 
 993 
 1(100 
 
 Pure hydrocyanic acid. — Oay Lus- 
 
 sac. 
 Very pure sulphuric elher. 
 The same concentrated. 
 
 Equal parts of alcohol and ether. 
 Very pure alcoliol for phamaceuti- 
 
 cal purposes. 
 Pure alcoliol. Naphtha. 
 Alcohol o( commerce. 
 Essential oil of turpentine. 
 
 Hydrocyanic acid of Scheele and 
 pure hydrocyanic acid, mixed 
 with an equal portion of water 
 (Rotiiquel.) 
 
 Acetic ether. 
 
 Nitric ether. 
 Muriatic ether, 
 l^iiuiil auinionia. 
 Olive oil. 
 
 Brandy. 
 
 Burgundy wine. 
 
 Bordeaux wine. 
 Di^stillcd water. 
 
ARES 
 
 99 
 
 ARGENTUM 
 
 2. Descending Scale for heavy Uquidt. 
 
 Scale of 
 Baume. 
 
 Specific 
 Gravities. 
 
 10 
 12 
 
 20 
 21 
 25 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 41 
 45 
 Id. 
 50 
 
 eo 
 
 66 
 70 
 
 1000 
 1007 ( 
 lOOD i 
 1014 
 
 1032 
 
 1075 ) 
 lOUI ) 
 1161 
 1180 ) 
 I'iJO j 
 12131 
 
 1321 j 
 
 1384 
 1398 
 1454 
 Id 
 1532 
 1714 
 1847 
 1946 
 
 84) 
 ;98 \ 
 54^ 
 
 Substances. 
 
 Common distilled water. 
 Distilled vinegar. 
 Common vinegar. 
 Cow's milk. 
 
 Concentrated acetic acid. 
 
 Liquid hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Boiling syrup. 
 Cold syrup. 
 Common nitric acid. 
 
 Concentrated nitric acid. 
 
 Phosphoric acid for medical use. 
 
 Very concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 Very concentrated phosphoric acid. 
 
 ARES. A term invented by Paracelsus to de- 
 signate the principle on which, depends the form 
 of mercury, sulphur, and salt. These the alchy- 
 mists regarded as the three bodies that give birth 
 to every other. 
 
 AR'ETE, a^trri, 'virtue.' Mental or corporeal 
 vigour. — Hippocrates. 
 
 AE,ETHU'SA,^.6u^6o'so/ indigenous. Order, 
 Orchidacea3. The bruised bulbs are used in 
 toothaeh ; and as cataplasms to tumours. 
 
 A'REUS. A pessary mentioned by Paulus of 
 iBgina. 
 
 ARGEL, Cynanchum olesefolium. 
 
 AR'GEMA, Ar'gemon, Ar'gemus, from apyog, 
 'white.' Fos'sula, (F.) Encavare. A white spot 
 or ulceration of the eye.— Hippocrates. See Leu- 
 coma. 
 
 ARGEM'ONE, MEXICA'NA, TJiorn Poppy, 
 Prickly Peppy, Yellow Thistle. A native of 
 Mexico, but naturalized in most parts of the 
 world. Nat. Ord. PapaveraeeaB. Sex. Syst. Po- 
 lyandria Monogynia. The juice resembles gam- 
 boge, and has been used as a hydragogue. The 
 seeds are employed in the West Indies as a sub- 
 stitute for ipecacuanha. They are also used as 
 
 ARGENSON", MINERAL WATERS OP. A 
 chalybeate situate at Argenson in Dauphiny : 
 used in cases of obstruction, jaundice, &o. 
 
 ARGENT, Argentum — a. Chlorure d', see Ar- 
 gentum — a. Cyanure d', see Argentum — a. et 
 d'Ammoniaque, chlorure d', see Argentum — a. 
 lodure d', see Argentum — a. Oxide d', see Ar- 
 gentum. 
 
 ARGENTERTA, Potentilla anserina. 
 
 ARGENTI CHLORIDUM, see Argentum— a. 
 et Ammonias chloridum, see Argentum — a. et 
 Ammonige chloruretum, see Argentum — a. Cya- 
 uidum, see Argentum — a. Cyanuretum, see Ar- 
 gentum — a. lodidum, see Argentum — a. lodurc- 
 tum, see Argentum. 
 
 Argen'ti Nitras, Argen'tum Nitra'tum, Sal 
 argen'ti, Argentum Nit'rieum, (P.) Nitrate d' Ar- 
 gent, Azotate d' Argent, Nitrate of Silver. This 
 preparation is sometimes kept in crystals, the 
 Nitras Argen'ti in crystal'los conere'tus. Nitrate 
 d' Argent crystallise of the Codex of Paris, Luna 
 potah'ilia, Crystnlli LuncB, Argen'tum nit'ricnm 
 crystallisa'tnm, N^itras argenti cri^stal'lintis, Ni- 
 trum luna're, Hydrago'gmn Boy'lei. Generally, 
 however, it is in the fused state : and it is this 
 which is admitted into most Pharmacopoeias, and 
 ■which, besides the name Nitras Argenti, is called 
 Ni'tras argen'ti fusus, Gaua'ticum luna're, Lapis 
 
 inferna'lis, Argen'tum nit'rieum fusum, and lunar 
 caustic, (E.) Nitrate d'argent fondu, Pierre in- 
 female. 
 
 In the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, it 
 is directed to be prepared as follows: — Take of 
 silver, in small pieces, 3J. ; nitric acid, f.^vij., 
 distilled leater, f^ij. Mis the acid with the 
 water, and dissolve the silver in the mixture in 
 a sand bath ,• then crystallize, or gradually in- 
 crease the heat, so that the resulting salt may be 
 dried. Melt this in a crucible over a gentle fire, 
 and continue the heat until ebullition ceases ; 
 then immediately pour it into suitable moulds. 
 
 The virtues of nitrate of silver are tonic, and 
 escharotic. It is given in chorea, epilepsy, &c. ; 
 locally, it is used in various cases as an escharotic. 
 Dose, gr. 1-8 to gr. 1-4 in pill, three times a day. 
 
 When silver is combined with iodine, it is said 
 to have the same effect as the nitrate, and not Ut 
 produce the slate colour of the surface, which is 
 apt to follow the protracted use of the latter. 
 
 Argenti Oxidum, see Argentum. 
 
 ARGENTILLA VULGARIS, Potentilla an- 
 serina. 
 
 AR'GENTINE, Argento'sus, same etymon as 
 the next. Pertaining to silver; as an 'argentine 
 solution,' or solution of a salt of silver. 
 
 Argentine, Potentilla anserina. 
 
 ARGEN'TUM, Ar' gyrus, from apyog, 'white.' 
 Silver, Luna, Dia'na, (F.) Argent. A solid metiil 
 of a shining white appearance ; insipid ; inodor- 
 ous ; highly sonorous ; malleable and ductile ; 
 somewhat hard ; crystallizable in triangular py- 
 ramids ; fusible a little above a red heat, and 
 volatizable ; s. g. 10.4. Not used in medicine, 
 unless in some places for silvering pills. Silver 
 Leaf, Argen'tum folia' tuni, is the state in which 
 it is used for this purpose. 
 
 Argentum Divi'suji, metallic silver, in very 
 fine powder, has been recommended internally in 
 syphilis. 
 
 The Chloride [Argen'ti chlo'ridum, Argen'- 
 tum muriat'icum, A. chlora'tum, A. sali'tum. 
 Chlorure'tum Argen'ti, Chlor'uret or Mu'riate of 
 Silver, (F.) Chlorure d' Argent;) the Cyanuret; 
 the Iodide (Argen'ti lo'didum, Argen'tum Ioda'~ 
 turn, lodure' tum Argen'ti, lod'uret of Silver, (F.) 
 lodure d' Argent ;) the Oxide [Argen'ti ox'idum, 
 Argen'tum oxyda'tum, (F.) Oxide d' Argent, and 
 the Chloride of Ammonia and Silver [Argen'ti 
 et Ammo' nias chlo'ridum, Argen'tum. muriat'icum 
 ammonia'tum, Chlorure'tum Argen'ti et Ammo'- 
 nim, Chlo'ruret of Silver and Ammonia, Ammo- 
 nio-chloride of Silver, (F.) Chlorure d' Argent et 
 d'Ammoniaque, have been used in syphilis. At 
 first, these different preparations were adminis- 
 tered iatraleptically on the gums ; the chloride, 
 the cyanide and the iodide in the dose of l-12tli 
 of a grain ; the chloride of silver and ammonia 
 in the dose of l-14th of a grain, and the oxide of 
 silver and divided silver in the dose of l-8th and 
 l-4th of a grain. M. Serre, of Montpellier, who 
 made many trials with them, soon found that 
 these doses were too small ; he therefore raised 
 that of the'chloride to 1-lOth, and of the iodide 
 to l-8th of a grain, without any inconvenience 
 resulting. The dose of the other preparations was 
 likewise increased in a similar ratio. M. Serrn 
 extols the preparations of silver — used internally 
 as well as iatraleptically — as antisyphilitics, but 
 they are not to be depended upon. 
 
 The Cyanuret or Cyanide of Silver, Argen'tt 
 Oyo.nure'tum, A. Cyan'idum, Argen'tum cyanoge- 
 na'tum, (F.) Cyanure d'argent, is thus directed 
 to be prepared in the Ph. U. S. C1842.) Argent. 
 Nit. ,5xv. Acid Hydrocyan., Aq. destillat. aa Oj. 
 Having dissolved the nitrate of silver in tho 
 water, add the hydrocyanic acid, and n,ix tifm. 
 
ARGIL 
 
 100 
 
 ARLES 
 
 Wash the precipitate with distQled water and dry 
 it. In the last edition of the Pharmacopoeia, 
 (1851,) it is directed to be prepared as follows: — 
 Nitrate of Silver, dissolved in distilled water, is 
 put into a tubulated glass receiver; Ferocyanuret 
 of Potassium, dissolved in distilled water, is put 
 into a tubulated retort, previously adapted to the 
 receiver. Dilute Snljihuric Acid is added to the 
 solution in the retort ; and, by means of a sand- 
 bath and a moderate heat, distillation is carried 
 on until the liquid that passes over no longer 
 produces a precipitate in the receiver. The pre- 
 cipitate is then washed with distilled water, and 
 dried. 
 
 The Oxide of Silver, Argen'ti Ox'idum, has 
 been introduced into the last edition of the Ph. 
 r. S. (1851.) It is made by precipitating a solu- 
 tion of the Nitrate of Silver by solution of Po- 
 tassa, drying the precipitate. 
 
 Argentum Chloratum, see Argentum — a. 
 Cyanogenatum, see Argentum — a. Fugitivum, 
 Hydrargyrum — a. Fusum, Hydrargyrum — a. 
 lodatum, see Argentum — a. Liquidum, Hydrar- 
 gyrum — a. Mobile, Hydrargyrum — a. Muriati- 
 cum, see Ai-gentum — a. Muriaticum Ammonia- 
 turn, see Argentum — a. Oxydatum, see Argentum 
 — a. Salitum, see Argentum — a. Vivum, Hydrar- 
 gvrum. 
 "argil, pure, Argilla pura. 
 
 APMILE OGHREUSE PALE, Bolus Alba. 
 
 ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA, TeiTa Lemnia— 
 a. Bolus rubra, Bole Armenian — a. Ferruginea 
 rubra, Bole Armenian — a. Kalisulphurica, Alu- 
 raen — a. Palida,, Bolus alba. 
 
 Abgilla Puea, Terra Alu'minis, T. hola'ris, 
 geu arrjilla'cea pura, Alu'mina depura'ta, pure 
 Argil or Alumina, (F.) Alumine factice. This sub- 
 stance, which is prepared by drying alum and 
 exposing it, for twenty or twenty-five minutes, to 
 a red heat, untU the sulphuric acid is driven off, 
 has been recommended in indigestion as antacid, 
 as well as in vomiting and diarrhoea accompanied 
 with acidity. The dose to a very young child is 
 from ^ss to Jj ; to older children from 3J to ^ij. 
 
 Aegilla Sulphurica Alcalisata, Alumen 
 — a. Sulphurica usta, Alumen exsiccatum — a. 
 iSupersulphas alealisatum, Alumen — a. Vitriolata, 
 Alumen. 
 
 ARGILLA ACETAS, Aluminse acetas — a. 
 Sulphas, Aluminas sulphas. 
 
 ARGOL, RED, Potassae supertartras impurus 
 ---a. "White, Potassse supertartras impurus. 
 
 ARGUMENTUM INTEGRITATIS, Hymen. 
 
 ARGT'RIA, from agyvpoi, ' silver.' The dis- 
 coloration of the skin occasioned by the internal 
 use of nitrate of sUver. 
 
 ARGTROCH^TA, Matricaria. 
 
 ARGYROPH'ORA, from agy^pog, 'silver,' and 
 0£pu, ' I bear.' A name given, by Myrepsus, to 
 an antidote which he regarded as extremely pre- 
 rious. 
 
 ARGYROTROPHEMA, Blancmanger. 
 
 ARGYRUS, Argentum. 
 
 ARHEUMAT'IC, Arheumat'icus, from a, pri- 
 vative, and ptviia, 'fluxion or rheumatism.' One 
 without fluxion or rheumatism. 
 
 ARIA, Crataegus aria. 
 
 A-RICt'NA, Cus'conin, Cusco-Cineho'nia, so 
 called from Arica in South America, the place 
 where it is shipped. An alkali found in Cnsco 
 Hark, which is very similar in many of its pro- 
 perties to Cinchonia. Cusco was the ancient 
 residence of the Incas. 
 
 ARIC'YMON, from api, an intensive particle, 
 end Kvuv, 'to conceive.' A name given to a 
 female who conceives readily. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ARIPE'NA. A Latin word employed to de- 
 
 signate the leanness of any part. — Ettmuller, 
 
 Sauvages. 
 
 ARID'ITY, Arid'itas. (F.) Aridity, from arere, 
 'to dry.' The French use the word Aridite to 
 express the dryness of any organ, and particu- 
 larly of the skin and tongue, when such dryness 
 is so great as to render the organ rough to the 
 touch. Aridite also means the lanuginous ap- 
 pearance of the hair in some diseases in which 
 they seem covered with dust. 
 
 ARIDU'RA. Wasting or emaciation of the 
 whole or of any part of the body; Marasmus, 
 Atrophy. 
 
 ARIDT7RA Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a. 
 Hepads, Hepatrophia. 
 
 ARIKA, see Spirit. 
 
 ARISTALTH^A, Althsea. 
 
 ARISTOLOCHI'A, from apicro?, 'very good,' 
 and \oxcia, 'parturition;' so called, because the 
 different varieties were supposed to aid parturi- 
 tion. Birthicort, (F.) Aristoloche. Several va- 
 rieties were once in use. 
 
 Aristolochia Cava, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Clemati'tis, Aristolochi' a Yid- 
 ga'ris seu Ore'tica, Adra Riza, Aristolochi' a ten'- 
 uis, (F.) Aristoloche ordinaire. Upright Birth- 
 wort. The root has been considered stimulant 
 and emmenagogue, and as such has been used in 
 amenorrhoea, chlorosis, and cachexia. 
 
 Aristolochia Cretica, A. Clematitis — a. Fa- 
 bacea, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Longa, and A. Rotttn'da, (F.) 
 Aristoloche longue et ronde. Long and Round 
 Birthwort. Virtues the same as the preceding. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Pistolochi'a, PistolocM' a Aris- 
 tolochi'a, Polyrrhi'za. This variety has an aro- 
 matic odour, and an acrid and bitter taste. (F.) 
 Aristoloche crenelee. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Seepekta 'ria, Serpenta'ria, 
 Vipera'ria, Viperi'na Virginia'na, Oohibri'na 
 Virginia'na, Oontrayer'va Virginia'na, S. Vir- 
 ginia'na, (F). Serpentaire et Aristoloche serpen- 
 taire de Virginie, Qoluvrine de Virginie, Vir- 
 ginia Snakeroot, Snaheroot Birthwort, Snake- 
 weed, Snagrel. Virtues — tonic, stimulant; and, 
 as such, employed in debility, intermittents, &e. 
 
 Aristolochia Tenuis, A. Clematitis — a. Tri- 
 fida, A. TrUobata. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Teiloba'ta, A. trif'ida, (F.) 
 Aristoloche trilohee. A plant of Surinam and 
 Jamaica; possessing the general virtues of the 
 Aristolochias. The other varieties of Aristolo- 
 chia have similar properties. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Vulgaris Rotunda, Fumaria 
 bulbosa. 
 
 ARISTOLOCH'IC, Aristoloch'iem. Same ety- 
 mology. An old term for remedies supposed to 
 have the property of promoting the flow of the 
 lochia. — Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides, 
 Ac. 
 
 ARIS'TON MAGNUM, and ARISTON PAR- 
 VUM. These names were formerly given to 
 pharmaceutical preparations, used in phthisis, 
 tormina, and fever. — Avicenna. 
 
 ARISTOPHANEI'ON. A sort of emollient 
 plaster, prepared with four pounds of pitch, two 
 of apochj'ma, one of wax, an ounce of opoponax, 
 and half a pint of vinegar. — Gorrajus. Not 
 used. 
 
 ARKANSAS, MINERAL AYATERS OF. 
 About 5 miles from the Washita river, and about 
 a quarter of a degree north of the Louisiana line, 
 there are about 70 of those springs. They are 
 thermal, varying from 138° to 150° Fahrenheit, 
 and are employed in rheumatism, cutaneous af- 
 fections, Ac. 
 
 ARLADA, Realgar. 
 
 ARLES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther- 
 
ARM 
 
 101 
 
 ARROW ROOT 
 
 mal snlpliureous springs in the department of 
 Pyrenees Orientales, France. Their temperature 
 is 103° to 145° of Fahr., and they contain sul- 
 phohydric acid. 
 
 APi,M, Brachium. 
 
 ARilA. Penis — a. Yentris, Penis. 
 
 ARMAMEXTARIUM, Arsenal— a. Chinirgi- 
 cum. see Arsenal. 
 
 ARMATORY UXGUEXT, Hoploehrysma. 
 
 ARMATURA, Amnios. 
 
 ARME, from apa>, 'I adapt.' Any physiolo- 
 gical or mechanical junction or union of parts. — 
 Hesychius. A suture, as of the cranium. — Galen. 
 
 ARMENIACA EPIROTICA, Prunus Arme- 
 niaca — a. Malus, Apricot. See Prunus — a. 
 Vulgaris, Prunus Armeniaca. 
 
 ARMENIAX STONE, Melochites. 
 
 ARMEN'ITES, Melochites. 
 
 ARMILL^ MANUS MEMBRANOS^, An- 
 nular ligaments of the carpus. 
 
 ABMOISE BLAXOHE, Artemisia rupestris 
 — a. Comrr.une, Artemisia vulgaris — a. Estragon, 
 Artemisia dracunculus — a. Ordinaire, Artemisia 
 vulgaris. 
 
 ARMONIACUM, Ammoniac, gum. 
 
 ARMORA'CIA. In the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States, the fresh root of Cochleaxia ar- 
 moracia, 
 
 ARiroRACiA RtJSTicANA, Cochlearia armoraeia 
 — a. Sativa, Cochlearia armoraeia. 
 
 ARMOUR, Condom. 
 
 AR2IUEE DES JAMBES, see Comu am- 
 monis. 
 
 ARMUS, Humerus — a. Summus, Acromion. 
 
 AR'iSriCA MOXTA'XA. Derivation uneer- 
 taia. Arnica, Leopard's Bane, Boron' icum Ger- 
 man'icum seu Oppositifo' Hum, D. Ar'niea, Alis'- 
 ma, Ac"yru.s, Biiiret'ica, Arnica Plauen'sis, Pa- 
 nace'a lapso'rum, Ptar'mica monta'na, Oaltha 
 seu Calen'dula Alpi'na, (F.) Arnique, Betoine 
 des Montagues, Tahac des Vosges, Tabac ou Be- 
 toine des Savoyards, Doronic d'Allemagne. Sex. 
 Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia superflua. Nat. 
 Ord. Synantherece. The plant and flower are 
 considered, or have been considered, narcotic, 
 stimulant, emmenagogue, &e.; and, as such, have 
 been given in amaurosis, paralysis, all nervous 
 affections, rheumatism, gout, chlorosis, &c. Dose, 
 gr. V to X, in powder. In large doses, it is dele- 
 terious. 
 
 Aenica Spttria, Inula dysenterica — a. Sueden.- 
 sis. Inula dysenterica. 
 
 ARNOGLOSSUM, Plantago. 
 
 ARNOTT'S DILATOR, see Dilator, Amott's. 
 
 ARO'MA, Ar'tyma, 'perfume :' (apt, 'very,' 
 and o(r;ui7 or oiiirj, 'odour.') Spir'itus Sector, (F.) 
 Arome. The odorous part of plants. An ema- 
 nation — frequently imponderable, from bodies — 
 ■which acts on the organ of smell, and varies with 
 the body exhaling it. 
 
 AROMAT'IC, Aromat'icus, {¥.) Aromate. Any 
 odoriferous substance obtained from the vegetable 
 kingdom which contains much volatile oil, or a 
 light and expansible resin. Aromaties are used 
 in perfumes, in seasoning, and embalming. In 
 medicine they are employed as stimulants. Gin- 
 ger, cinnamon, cardamoms, mint, &c., belong to 
 this class. 
 
 AROMATOPO'LA, from apoifia, 'an odour,' 
 and tioXeo), 'I sell.' An apothecary or druggist. 
 One who sells spices. 
 
 AROX, Arum. 
 
 AROPH. A barbarous word, which had vari- 
 ous significations with the ancients. Paracelsus 
 employed it to designate a lithonthriptic remedy. 
 The mandragora, according to some. Also, a 
 mixture of bread, saifron and wine. — Yan Hel- 
 mont. 
 
 Aroph Paeacelsi, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
 
 ARQUEBUSABE EAU B', Aq^ua traumat'- 
 ica Thede'nii, Aqua Thedia'iia, Aqua sclopeta'- 
 ria, Aqtia vulnera'ria. Aqua catapulta'riim, Mis- 
 tu'ra vulnera'ria ac"ida. A sort of vulnerary 
 water, distilled from a farrago of aromatic plants. 
 Rosemary Ibiss, millefoil, thyme, each Ibss. 
 Proof spirit 2 gallons— distil a gallon. This is 
 one form. 
 
 ARRABON, Arraphon. 
 
 ARRAGHE3IENT, (F.) from arracTier, 'to 
 tear out,' Apospas' ma, Ahrup'tio, Avul'sio. Act 
 of separating a part of the body by tearing it from 
 the bonds connecting it with others. Evulsion. 
 Laceration. 
 
 Arraehement is applied to certain operations, 
 as to the extraction of a tooth, the extirp>ation of 
 a 23oIypus, &e. 
 
 ARRACK, Arack. See Spii-it. 
 
 AR'RAPHON, Ar'rabon, from a, priv., and 
 pacbri, ' a suture,' — ' without suture.' A term 
 applied to the cranium when it presents no su- 
 tures. 
 
 ARRECTIO, Erection. 
 
 ARREPTIO, Insanity. 
 
 ARRESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 ARRJST B'HILBAN, Remora Hildani. 
 
 ARRETE BCEUF, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 ARRHffi'A, from a, privative, and pzw, 'I flow/ 
 The suppression of any flux. Amenorrh'cea. 
 
 ARRHOSTEMA, Disease. 
 
 ARRHOSTENIA, Disease. 
 
 ARRHOSTIA, Disease, Infirmity. 
 
 ARRHYTHMUS, Caeorrhythmus. 
 
 ARRIBA, Geoffrsea vermifuga. 
 
 AERIERE-B UOHE, Pharynx — a. - Bent, 
 see Dentition — a.-Faix, Secundines. 
 
 ARRIERE-GOUT, (F.) 'after taste.' The 
 taste left by certain bodies in the mouth for some 
 time after they have been swallowed, owing per- 
 haps to the papillte of the mouth having imbibed 
 the savoury substance. 
 
 ARRIERES MARINES, Nares, posterior. 
 
 AERO CHE, Atriplex hortensis — a. Puant, 
 Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 ARROSEMENT, Aspersion. 
 
 ARROWHEAD, Sagittaria variabilis. 
 
 ARROW LEAF, Sagittaria variabilis. 
 
 ARROW POISON. This differs with different 
 tribes of Indians. By some, the poison capsicum, ■ 
 and infusions of a strong kind of tobacco, and of 
 euphorbiacese are mixed together, with the poi- 
 sonous emmet, and the teeth of the formidable 
 serpent, called by the Peruvian Indians jiliua- 
 maru or Jergon, — Lachesis picta of Tschudi. 
 
 ARROW ROOT, Fec'ula Ilaran'ta, Am'ylum 
 maranta'ceum, A. America'num. The fecula of 
 the rhizoma of Maran'ta Arundina'cea, which, 
 like all feculae, is emollient and nutritive, when 
 prepared with water, milk, &c. 
 
 Dr. Carson has shown, that Florida arrow-root 
 is derived from Za'mia integrifo'lia or Z.pu'mila, 
 Sugar pine ; Bermuda arrow roof being ibtained 
 from Maranta arundinacea. Florida arrow root, 
 as well as the farina, is known in the Southern 
 States under the name Goonti or Coontie. 
 
 According to Dr. Ainslie, an excellent kind of 
 arrow root is prepared in Travancore from the 
 root of Curcuma angustifolia. 
 
 Arrow root mucilage is made by rubbing arrow 
 root poicder with a little cold water, in a basin, 
 by means of the back of a spoon, until it is com- 
 pletely mixed with the water; then pouring boil- 
 ing water over it, stirring assiduously until a soft, 
 gelatinous, tenacious mucilage is formed; and, 
 lastly, boiling for five minutes. A tablespoonful 
 of arrow root powder is sufficient to make a pint 
 
ARROW WOOD 
 
 102 
 
 ART 
 
 of nracilage. It may he moderately sweetened ; 
 and wine or lemon juice may be added. 
 
 With milk also it forms a bland and nutritious 
 article of diet. 
 
 Arrow Boot, Bkaziliax. The fecula of Ja- 
 tropha Manihot. 
 
 Arrow Root, Common, see Solanum tubero- 
 sum. 
 
 Arrow Root, East Indian. The fecula of 
 the tubers of Curcuma angustifolia or narrow- 
 leaved Turmeric. 
 
 Arrow Root, English, Arrow root, common. 
 
 ARROW WOOD, Euonymus, Viburnum den- 
 datum. 
 
 ARS CABALI3TICA, Cabal— a. Chymiatrica, 
 Chymiatria — a. Clysmatica nova, Infusion of me- 
 dicines — a. Coquinaria, Culinary art — a. Cosme- 
 tiea, Cosmetics — a. Culinaria, Culinary art — a. 
 Empirica, Empiricism — a. Hermetica, Chymistry 
 — a. Homoeopathica, Homceopathy — a. Hydria- 
 trica, Hydrosudotherapeia — a. Infusoria, Infu- 
 sion of medicines — a. Machaonia, Medicina — a. 
 Majorum, Chymistry — a. Medica, Medicina — a. 
 Obstetricia, Obstetrics — a. Sanandi, Art, healing 
 — a. Separatoria, Chymistry — a. Spagirica, Chy- 
 mistry — a. Veterinaria, Veterinary Art — a. Zoia- 
 triea, Veterinary Art. 
 
 ARSALTOS, Asphaltum. 
 
 ARSATUM, Nymphomania. 
 
 ABSENAL, (F.) Chirapothe'ca, Armamenta'- 
 rium, A. chirur' gicum. A collection of surgical 
 instruments. A work containing a description 
 of surgical instruments. 
 
 ARSEN'IATE, Arsen'iaa. A salt formed by 
 a combination of arsenic acid with a salifiable 
 base. 
 
 Aeseniate or Ammonia, Arsen'ias Ammo'nia, 
 Ammo'nium Arsenic' icuni, (F.) Arseniate d'Am- 
 m-oniaque. This preparation is highly extolled 
 in cutaneous diseases. A grain of the salt may 
 be dissolved in an ounce of distilled water, and 
 20 to 25 drops be commenced with as a dose. 
 
 Arseniate op Iron, Arsen'ias Ferri, Ferrum 
 Arsenia'tum, F. Arsen'icum oxydula'tum, (F.) 
 Arseniate de Fer. This preparation has been 
 applied externally to cancerous ulcers. An oint- 
 ment may be made of ^ss of the arseniate, gij of 
 the phosphate of iron, and ^vj of spermaceti 
 ointment. The arseniate has also been given in- 
 ternally in cancerous affections, in the dose of one- 
 sixteenth of a grain. 
 
 Arseniate of Protox'ide of Potas'sium, 
 Proto-arsen'iate of Potas'sium, Arsen'iate of Po- 
 taasa,, Arsen'ias Potassce, Arsenias Kali. Pro- 
 perties the same as those of arsenious acid. 
 
 Arseniate op Quinia, Quinia3 Arsenias. 
 
 APi,'SENIC, Arsen'icum. A solid metal; of a 
 steel-gray colour; granular texture; very brittle; 
 volatilizing before melting; very combustible and 
 acidifiable. It is not dangerous of itself, and only 
 becomes so by virtue of the facility with which it 
 absorbs oxygen. 
 
 ARSENIO BLANC, Arseni^am album. 
 
 Arsenic, Iodide of, Arsen'ici lo'didum seu 
 Teriod'idum, A. lodure'tnni, Arsen'icum loda'- 
 tum ; formed by the coTr.bination of arsenious 
 acid and iodine. This preparation, applied ex- 
 ternally, has been highly extolled in various cu- 
 +-T,neous affections. An ointment may be made 
 of three grains of iodide to §j of lard. It has 
 also been given internally in the dose of a tenth 
 of a grain in similar affections. 
 
 Arsenic, Oxide or, Arsenicum album — a. Ox- 
 ide of, White, Arsenicum album — a. White, Arse- 
 nicum album. 
 
 Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of, Hj/drar'- 
 ijyri et Arsen'ici lo'didum. Double Fodide of 
 Mer'cury and Ar'senie, lodo-arsenite of Mer'cury. 
 
 A compound, which has been proposed as more 
 efi&cacious than either the iodide of arsenic or the 
 iodide of mercury. It is made by triturating 6.08 
 grains of metallic arsenic ; 14.82 grains of mer^ 
 cury ; 49 of iodine, with a fluidrachm of alcohol, 
 until the ma^s has become dry, and from being 
 deep brown has become pale red. Eight ounces 
 of distilled vxiter are poured on, and, after tritu- 
 ration for a few moments, the whole is transfer- 
 red to a flask; half a drachm of hydriodic acid, 
 prepared by the acidification of two grains of 
 iodine, is added, and the mixture is boiled for a 
 few moments. When the solution is cold, make 
 the mixture up to f^viij with distilled water. 
 This is called by Mr. Donovan, the proposer, 
 Liquor Arsen'ici et Hydrar'gyri lo'didi, each 
 drachm of which by measure consists of water 
 3J, arsenious acid gr. l-8th; peroxide of mercury 
 gr. l-4th, iodine converted into hydriodic acid 
 gr. 3-4ths. In the last edition of the Ph. U. S. 
 it is directed to be made of Arsenici lodidiim and 
 Hydrargyri lodidum ruhrum, each gr. xxxv; and 
 Aqua destillata Oss; dissolving by rubbing, heat- 
 ing to the boiling point, and filtering. 
 
 The dose of Donovan's Solution, is from TT^^xv 
 to f ^ss two or three times a day. 
 
 It has been used successfully in inveterate cu- 
 taneous diseases. 
 
 ARSEN'ICAL PASTE, (F.) Pate Arsenicale. 
 This application to cancers is formed of 70 parts 
 of cinnabar, 22 of dragon's Mood, and 8 of arse- 
 nious acid ; made into a paste with saliva, when 
 about to be applied. 
 
 ARSENICI lODIDUM, Arsenic, Iodide of— 
 a. loduretum. Arsenic, Iodide of — a. Teriodidum, 
 Arsenic, iodide of. 
 
 ARSENICISM'US, Intoxiea'tio Arsenica'lis. 
 Poisoning by arsenic. 
 
 ARSEN'ICUM ALBUM; White Ar' senic, Ox- 
 ide of Ar'senie, Patshane, Arsen'ici ox'ydum al- 
 bum, Calx Arsen'ici alba, Ac"idum Arsenico'sum, 
 A. Arsenio'sum (Ph. U. S.), Arsen'ious acid, White 
 oxide of arsenic, (F.) Arsenic blanc. An acid 
 which is met with in commerce, in compact, white, 
 heavy, fragile, masses ; of a vitreous aspect, opake, 
 and covered with a white dust ; of an acrid and 
 nauseous taste ; without smell when cold ; vola- 
 tilizable by heat, and exhaling the odour of gar- 
 lic : soluble in water, alcohol and oil ; crystalli- 
 zable in regular octahedrons. It is this that is 
 meant by the name arsenic, as commonly used. 
 
 Arsen'icum Album Sublima'tum, Sublimed 
 Oxide of Arsenic, is the one employed in medi- 
 cine. It is tonic and escharotic, and is the most 
 virulent of mineral poisons. It is used in in- 
 termittents, periodical headachs, neuroses, Ac. 
 Dose, gr. one-tenth to one-eighth in j)ill. See 
 Poisons, Table of. 
 
 Arsenicum Iodatum, Arsenic, Iodide of — a. 
 Rubrum Factitium, Realgar. 
 
 ARSENIS POTASS^, Arsenite of protoxide 
 of potassium — a. Potassaj aquosus. Liquor arse- 
 nicalis — a. Potassas liquidus. Liquor arseniealis. 
 
 AR'SENITE, Ar'senis. A salt, formed by a 
 combination of the arsenious acid with a salifi- 
 able base. 
 
 Ar'senite of Protox'ide op Potas'sium, Pro- 
 to-ar' senite of Potas'sium, Ar'senite of Potassa, 
 Ar'senis Potasses. An uncrystallizable and co- 
 lourless salt, which forms the basis of the liquor 
 arseniealis, which see. 
 
 Arsenite of Quinia, Quinite arsenis. 
 
 ARSE-SMART, Persioaria — a. Biting, Poly- 
 gonum hydropiper. 
 
 ART, HEALING-, Ars Sanan'di, Medici'na. 
 The appropriate application of the precepts of 
 the best physicians, and of the results of experi- 
 ence to the treatment of disease. 
 
ARTABE 
 
 103 
 
 ARTERIA 
 
 Art, Veterinary, Veterinary art. 
 
 AR'TABE, a^rafin. Name of a measure for 
 dry substances, in use with the ancients, equal 
 at times, t» 5 modii : at others, to 3 j and at 
 others, again, to 7. — Galen. 
 
 ARTANTHE ELONGATA, see Matieo. 
 
 AR'TELSHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These German waters have been much recom- 
 mended in hysteria, gout, palsy, &c. Their 
 physical or chemical properties have not been 
 described. 
 
 ARTEMIS'IA, Anacti'rion. Called after a 
 queen of the name, who first employed it; or 
 from Aprtjiig, 'Diana;' because it was formerly 
 used in diseases of women, over whom she pre- 
 sided. The Gauls called it Bricumum. 
 
 Artbjiis'ia Abrot'anum, Abrot' anum, Abrot'- 
 onum, Abrot'anum CatJisum, Abrot'anum mas, 
 Abrathan, South' ernwood, Oldman, (F.) Aurone, 
 Aurone male, Aurone des jar dins, Garderobe, 
 Citronelle. Supposed to be possessed of stimu- 
 lant properties. 
 
 Oil of SoutherniBood, O'leum Abrot'ani, (F.) 
 Huile d' Aurone, possesses the aromatic proper- 
 ties of the plant. 
 
 Artemis'ia Absin'thium, Absin'thium, Absin'- 
 thium vulga're, Apsin' thium, Barypi'cron, Com- 
 mon WormiDood, (F.) Absinthe. Properties: — 
 tonic and anthelmintic. The Oil of Wormwood, 
 O'leumAbsin'thii, (F.) Huile d' Absinthe, contains 
 the aromatic virtues of the plant. 
 
 Artemisia Afra, a South African species, is 
 tonic, antispasmodic and anthelmintic ; and has 
 been used in debility of the stomach, visceral ob- 
 structions, jaundice and hypochondriasis. It is 
 taken in infusion, decoction and tincture. A 
 strong infusion is used by the Cape Colonists as 
 a eollyrium in weakness of the eyes ; and the 
 pounded leaves and stalks are employed as dis- 
 cutients in cedema and sugillations. 
 
 Artemisia Alba, A. Santonica — a. Balsamita, 
 A. Pontica. 
 
 Artemisia Bien'nis, Biennial Wormwood ; in- 
 digenous. 
 
 Artemisia Botrys, Chenopodium ambrosi- 
 oides. 
 
 Artemis'ia Campes'tris, Field Southernwood, 
 (F.) Aurone des Ohamps. This possesses the 
 same properties as A. Abrot' anuin. 
 
 Artemisia Chenopodium, Chenopodium bo- 
 trys. 
 
 Artemisia Chinen'sis, A. In'dica, A. Moxa. 
 From this the Chinese form their moxas. 
 
 Artemisia Contra, A. Santonica. 
 
 Artemisia Draoun'ctjlus, Tar' agon, (F. ) 
 Armoise estragon. Virtues : — the same as the 
 last. 
 
 Artemis'ia Glacia'lis, Silky Wormicood; 
 
 Artemisia Indica, Artemisia Chinensis, A. 
 Santonica; 
 
 Artemisia Leptophylla, A. Pontica; 
 
 Artemisia Marit'ima, Absin'thium Mari'num 
 sen ilarit'imum, Sea Wormwood, Maritime South- 
 ern wood ; 
 
 Artemisia Moxa, A. Chinensis ; 
 and 
 
 Artemis'ia Pon'tica, A. Eoma'na seu Tenui- 
 fo'lia seu Balsami'ta seu Leptophyl'la, Absinthi- 
 vm Pon'tieum seu Roma'mun, Roman Wormwood, 
 Lesser Wormwood, possess like virtues ; — as well 
 as 
 
 Artemisia Roman a, A. Pontica; 
 
 Artemisia Rubra, A. Santonica; and 
 
 Artemis'ia Rupes'tris, Oreejiing Wormtvood, 
 Geit'ipi album, (F.) Armoise blano, Genipi blane. 
 This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used in 
 Intermittents, and in amenorrhoea. 
 
 Artemis'ia Santon'ica, Santon' ieum, A,le- 
 
 mis'ia contra. Semen contra Vermes, Semen con- 
 tra, S. Zedoa'riee, Oanni Herba, ChamcBcedris, 
 Ghammcyparis' sas. Semen Oina, Hngiusper'wMm, 
 Sanc'tum Semen, Absin'thiuin, Sunton'icum, Se- 
 menti'na, Xantoli'na, Scheha Ar'ubnni, Artemis'ia 
 Jnda'ica, Sina seu Gina Levan'tica, Wormseed, 
 Tartarian Southernwood, (F.) Barbotine. Vir- 
 tues : — anthelmintic and stimulant. Dose, gr. x. 
 to 3J in powder. 
 
 Artemisia Tenuifolia, A. Pontica. 
 Artemis'iaVulga'ris, Aj-?e»u'«'Hir((5)-aef a?6a, 
 Oin'gulum Sancti Joan'nis, Mater Herba' rum, Be- 
 renisecum, Buhastecor' dium, Canapja' cia. Mug- 
 wort, (F.) Armoise ordinaire, A. Commune, Herbe 
 de Saint Jean. This, as well as some other 
 varieties, possesses the general tonic virtues of 
 the Artemisise. Artemisia vulgaris has been 
 highly extolled by the Germans in cases of epi- 
 lepsy. Dose of the powder, in the 24 hours, from 
 3ss to 3j\ 
 
 AllTERE, Artery — a. Braehial, Brachial ar- 
 tery — a. Brachio-cejihalique, Innominata arteria 
 — a. Bronchique, Bronchial artery — a. Giliaire, 
 Ciliary artery — a. Clitorienne : see Clitoris — a. 
 Gacale: see Colic arteries — a. Collatera.le du 
 coude, Anastomoticus magnus ramus — a Collate- 
 rale externe, Arteria profunda humeri— a. Colla- 
 terale interne, Anastomoticus magnus ramus — Oi 
 Coronaire des levres. Labial artery — a. Coronaire 
 Stomachique, Coronary artery — a. Crurale, Crural 
 artery — a. Beuxieme des thoraciques, Arteria tho- 
 racica externa inferior — a. ipijiejige. Meningeal 
 artery, va\A(i\Q—a.Femoro--poplitie, Ischiatic artery 
 — a. Fessiere, Gluteal artery — a. Gastrique droite, 
 petite, Pyloric artery — a. Gutturo-maxillaire, 
 Maxillary artery, internal — a. Honteuse externe, 
 Pudic, external, artery — a. Honteuse interne, Pu- 
 dic, internal, artery — a. Humerale profonde, Ar- 
 teria profunda humeri — a. lliaque primitive. Iliac 
 artery — a. Innominee, Innominata arteria — a. 
 Irienne, Ciliary artery — a. Ischio-penienne : see 
 Pudic, internal, artery — a. Mediane anterieiire. 
 Spinal artery, anterior — a. Mediane posterieure 
 du rachis. Spinal artery, posterior — a. Memngee 
 moyenne. Meningeal arterj^, middle — a. Menton- 
 niere, Mental foramen — a. Mesocepthaliqite, Basi- 
 lary artery — a. Mesocolique: see Colic artery — 
 a. Musculaire du bras, Arteria profunda humeri 
 — a. JIusculaire du bras, grande: see Collateral 
 arteries of the arm — a. Musculaire grande de la 
 cuisae, Arteria profunda femoris — a. OpAsthogas- 
 trique, Cceliac artery — a. Orbitaire, Ophthalmic 
 artery — a. de VOvaire, Spermatic artery — a. 
 Pelvi-erurale, Crural artery — a. Pelvi-crurale, 
 Iliac artery — a. Pelvienne, llypogastric artery — 
 a. Premiere des thoraciques, Arteria thoracica 
 externa superior — a. Radio-carpienne transver- 
 sale palmaire. Radio-carpal artery — a. Scrotale, 
 Pudic, external, artery — a. Sous-elaviere, Sub-_ 
 clavian artery — a. Sous-pubio-femorale, Obturator 
 artery — a. Sous-pubienne, Pudic, internal, artery 
 — a. Sous-sternal, Mammary, internal — a. Sphe- 
 no-epineuse. Meningeal artery, middle — a. Stomo- 
 gastrique, Coronary artery — a. Sus-carpienne : 
 see Sus-carpien — a. Sus-maxillaire, Alveolar 
 artery — a. Su^-maxillaire, Buccal artery — a. 
 Sus-metatarsienne, Metatarsal artery — a. Sus- 
 2nibienne, Epigastric artery — a. Testicvlaire, 
 Spermatic artery — a. Thoracique humerale, Acro- 
 mial artery — a, Trachelocervieal: see Cerebral 
 arteries — a. Trochanterienne, Circumflex artery 
 of the thigh — a. Troisieme des thoraciques, Acro- 
 mial artery — a. Tympanique, Auditory artery, 
 external — a. Uveale : see Ciliary artery — a. Vul~ 
 vaire, Pudic, external, arterj'. 
 
 ARTERIA, Artery — a. Ad Cutem Abdominis, 
 see Ad Cutem abdominis, farte"'.*) — a AnoaTma, 
 
ARTERIAC 
 
 104 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 Innominata artery — a. Aspera, Trachea — a. Ce- 
 rebralis, Carotid, internal — a. Cervicalis, Basilary 
 artery — a. Coronaria dextra, Pyloric artery — a. 
 Crassa, Aorta — a. Externa cubiti, Radial artery 
 — a. Dorsalis metacarpi, Metacarpal artery — a. 
 Durae matris media maxima, Meningeal artery, 
 middle — a. Encephaliea, Carotid, internal — a. 
 Gastrica superior. Coronary artery — a. Ilio-coliea : 
 see Colic arteries — a. Iliaca interna, Hypogastric 
 artery — a. Iliaca posterior. Hypogastric artery — 
 a. Magna, Aorta — a. Magna poUicis, Princeps 
 poUicis — a. Malleolaris externa : see Tibial arte- 
 ries — a. Malleolaris interna: see Tibial arteries — 
 a. Mammaria externa, A. Thoraciea externa, in- 
 ferior — a. Maxima, Aorta — a. Media anastomoti- 
 ea : see Colic arteries — a. Meningaea media. Me- 
 ningeal artery, middle — a. Muscularis femoris, A. 
 Profunda femoris — a. Pbaryngea suprema. Ptery- 
 goid artery — a. Profunda cerebri: see Cerebral 
 arteries — a. Pudenda communis, Pudie, internal, 
 artery — a. Pudica, Pudic, internal, artery — a. 
 Ramulus ductus Pterygoidei, Pterygoid artery — 
 a. Spheno-spinosa, Meningeal artery, middle — a. 
 Spinalis, A. Profunda humeri — a. Sternalis, Mam- 
 mary, internal — a. Supra-orbitalis, Frontal ar- 
 tery — a. Sylviana : see Cerebral arteries — a. 
 Thoraciea axillaris vel alaris. Scapular artery, 
 inferior — a Thoraciea humeralis, Acromial artery 
 — a. TransversaUs colli : see Cerebral arteries — 
 a. TransversaUs humeri, Scapular artery, superior 
 — a. Ulnaris, Cubital artery — a. Uterina hypo- 
 gastrica. Uterine artery — a Vasta posterior, A. 
 Profunda femoris. 
 
 ARTE'RIAC, Arteri' acus. A medicine pre- 
 scribed in diseases of the windpipe. Also arte- 
 rial. 
 
 ARTE'RIiE ADIPO'S^. The arteries which 
 secrete the fat about the kidneys are sometimes 
 so called. They are ramifications of the capsular, 
 diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic arteries. 
 
 Akteri^ Apoplectic.*:, Carotids — a. Capitales, 
 Carotids — a. Ciliares, Ciliary arteries — a. Corporis 
 eallosi cerebri, Mesolobar arteries — a. Jugulares, 
 Carotids — a, Lethargicse, Carotids — a. Mesolobi- 
 cse, Mesolobar arteries — a. Prseparantes, Sper- 
 matic arteries — a. Somniferse, Carotids — a. Sopo- 
 rales. Carotids — a. Soporariae, Carotids — a. Ve- 
 nosK, Pulmonary veins. 
 
 ARTE'RIAL, Arteri'acus, Arterio'sus. Be- 
 longing to arteries, 
 
 Aetehial Blood, (F.) Sang arteriel. Red 
 blood is so called because contained in the arte- 
 ries. The pulmonary veins, however, also con- 
 ftiin red blood: hence the name arterial veins, 
 (F.) Veines arterielles, applied to them. 
 
 Arte'p.IAL Duct, Cana'lis arterio'sus, Diictus 
 arterio'sus, D. Botal'lii, (F.) Canal arteriel, 0. 
 Pulmo-aortique, is the portion of the pulmonary 
 artery which terminates in the aorta in the foetus. 
 When this duct is obliterated after birth, it is 
 called Arte'rial Lig'arnent, (F.) Ligament arteriel. 
 Arterial System includes all the arteries, 
 Irom their origin in the heart to their termina- 
 tion in the organs. See Vascular System. 
 
 ARTERIALIZATION OF THE BLOOD, 
 Maematosis. 
 
 ARTERIARGTIE,, from aprvpia, 'artery,^ and 
 arcto, '1 straiten.' Contraction of an artery. 
 ARTERIECTASIS, Aneurism. 
 ARTERIECTOP'IA, from aprripia, 'artery,' 
 and tKToiros, 'out of place. Dislocation of an 
 artery. 
 
 ARTERIEURYSMA, Aneurism. 
 A.RTERIITIS, Arteritis. 
 ARTERIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism. 
 XKTERIOG'RAPHY, Arteriogra'pMa: from 
 u^rrjpia, ' artery,' and ypafjirj, ' a description.' A 
 di'iicription of the arteries. 
 
 ARTERIOLA. A small artery. 
 
 ARTERIOL'OGY, Ar<e)-io%"my from aprr)p,a, 
 'artery,' and Aoyo J, 'a discourse.' A treatise on 
 t,liG 3.rt6riGS» 
 
 ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS. An epithet ap- 
 plied to vessels which creep along the interior 
 of the nostrils. — Ruysch. 
 
 ARTERIORRHEXIS, see Aneurism. 
 
 ARTERIOS'ITAS, from Arteria, ' an artery.' 
 A condition of the blood in which it preserves in 
 the veins the arterial character. — The opposite 
 to Venositas. 
 
 Arteriositas Sanguinis, Prsedominium san- 
 guinis arteriosi. 
 
 ARTERIOSTEIE, from aprripia, 'artery,' and 
 oartov, 'a bone.' Ossification of an artery. — - 
 PioiTy. 
 
 ARTERIOT'OMY, A'Heriotom'ia, from aprvpi-a, 
 ' an artery,' and refivui, ' I cut.' This word has 
 been used for the dissection of arteries. Most 
 commonly, however, it means a surgical opera- 
 tion, which consists in opening an artery, to 
 draw blood from it. Arteriotomy is chiefly used 
 in inflammatory affections of the head, when the 
 blood is generally obtained from the temporal 
 artery. See Blood-letting. 
 
 ARTERI'TIS, Arterii'tis, Jnflamma'tio Arte- 
 ria' rum, (F.) Arterite, Inflammation des arteres j 
 from aprripia, ' an artery,' and itis, a termination 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of an ar- 
 tery. Inflammation of the inner coat of an 
 artery is termed Endo-arteri'tis, or Endonur- 
 teri'tis ; of the outer, Exo-arteri'tis or Exar- 
 teri'tis. 
 
 AR'TERY, Arte'ria, (P.) Arth-e, from avp, 
 'air,' and Tr]puv, 'to preserve,' quasi, 'receptacle 
 of air,' because the ancients believed that it con- 
 tained air. They, at first, gave the name Artery 
 to the trachea, aprripta rpa^tta, because it is filled 
 with air ; and afterwards they used the same 
 term for the arteries, properly so called, probably 
 because they commonly found them empty in the 
 dead body. We find, also, (p}.e^£s to designate 
 1 the arteries, called by the Latins VencB mican'tes 
 pulsat'iles. Arteries, with the modems, signify 
 I the order of vessels, which arise from the two 
 ventricles of the heart, and have valves only at 
 their origin. They are cylindrical, firm, and 
 elastic canals; of a yellowish white colour; little 
 dilatable; easily lacerable ; and formed, 1. Of an 
 external, laminated or areolar membrane, of a 
 dense and close character. 2. Of a middle coat 
 composed of fibres, which does not, however, 
 contract on the application of the galvanic stimu- 
 lus ; and 3. Of an inner coat, which is thin, dia- 
 phanous, reddish, and polished. 
 
 The use of the arteries is to carry the blood 
 from the heart to the various parts of the system. 
 It will be obvious, however, that they cannot all 
 convey arterial blood. The pulmonary artery, 
 for example, is destined to convey the venous 
 blood to the lungs, there to be converted into 
 arterial; whilst the pulmonary veins convey 
 arterial blood back to the heart. 
 
 TABLE OP the PRINCIPAL ARTEREES OF THE 
 BODY. 
 
 All the other arteries take their rise from the 
 Pulmonary Artery, or the Aorta: and the names 
 generally indicate the parts to which they are 
 distributed. 
 
 I. Arteria Pulmoxalis. 
 
 The Pulmonary Artery arises from the right 
 ventricle, and soon divides into a right and left 
 branch, one of which is distributed to each 
 
 lung. 
 
AETERY 
 
 105 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 II. Arteeia Aorta. 
 The Aorta arises from the left ventricle. It is 
 the common trunk of the arteries of the body, 
 and may be divided into fi ve portions. 
 
 a. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta at its origin. 
 
 1. A. Cardiaca or eoronaria anterior. 
 
 2. A. Cardiaca or eoronaria posterior. 
 
 b. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta at its arch. 
 
 The arch of the Aorta gives off, to the left, two 
 considerable trunks — the Arteria carotidea pi-i- 
 mitiva, and A. subclavia, ; and, to the right, a 
 single trunk, which is larger — the A. innominata, 
 or Brachio-cephalica, which divides into i\iQ pri- 
 mitive carotid and subclavian. 
 
 A. Arteria Caro- j Divides into A. Carotidea exter- 
 TiDEA PRiJiiTivA. ( Ha, A. Carotidea interna, 
 f Furnishes, 1. A. Tltyroidea superior. 
 
 12. A. lingualis, which gives ofTthe A. dor- 
 salis linguae and A. sublingualis. 
 3. A. facialis vel Ji. Maxillaris externa, 
 which furnishes the A. palatina infe- 
 rior, the A. subinentalis, and A. eoro- 
 naria superior and inferior. 
 
 4. .4. occipitalis, which gives off the A. 
 niastoidea posterior. 
 
 5. S- auricularis posterior, which gives 
 off A. stylo-mastoiilea. 
 
 6- .^. pharyngea inferior. 
 The e.\ternal carotid ultimately divides into the 
 temporal artery and internal maxillary. 
 
 I '^■■rnishes A. transversalis faciei. A. auricu- 
 iris anterior, and A. temporalis media. 
 
 a.A.Ca- I 
 rotidea ■( 
 externa. • 
 
 L 
 
 Tempo- 
 ralis. 
 
 S Furnis 
 1 laris 
 
 2. A. 
 Maxilla- 
 ris in- 
 terna. 
 
 b.A.Ca- I 
 rotidea ^ 
 interna. ' 
 
 B. Ar- 
 teria 
 
 GnBCLA- 
 VIA. 
 
 A- Bra- 
 
 chialis. 
 
 1. A. Ra- 
 dians. 
 
 a. Axil- \ 
 laris. 1 
 
 2. A. Cu- 
 Utalis, 
 
 f Furnishes 13 branches, viz. A. meningea 
 media, A. denlaris inferior, A. temporalis 
 
 \ profunda posterior, A. masseterina, A. 
 
 J pterygoidea. A. biiccalis, A. temporalis pro- 
 
 \ funda anterior, A. alveolaris ; A. suborbi- 
 taris, A. vidiuna, A. pterygopalatina or 
 
 1 pharyngea superior, A. palatina superior, 
 
 I and A. sphenopalatina. 
 
 ( Furnishes, 1. A. opkthalmica, which gives 
 
 I off A. lachrymalis, A. centralis retinfe, A. 
 supraorbitaria vel superciliaris, A.cilinres 
 
 I po.steriorKs, A. ciliares longE, A. nuiscu- 
 laris superior et inferior, A. elhnioidalis 
 posterior et anterior, A. palpehralis supe- 
 
 I rior et inferior, A. nasalis, and A. fronta- 
 
 I lis. 2. A. communicans, IVillesii. 3. A- 
 
 I choroidea. 4. A. cerebralis anterior. 5. A. 
 
 [ terebrans media. 
 
 f Furnishes, 1. A. verlebralis, which gives off 
 
 I A. spinalis anterior et posterior, A. cere- 
 bellosa inferior, and forms — by uniting it- 
 self with that of the opposite side — the A. 
 j basilaris, divided into A. cerebellosa su- 
 perior and A. cerebralis posterior. 2. A. 
 tkyroidea inferior, whicii gives off A. cer- 
 ' vicalis ascendens. 3. A. mainmariar in- 
 ] terna, which gives off the A. mediastina 
 I anterior and A. diaphragmatica superior. 
 I 4. A intercostalis superior. 5. A. cervica- 
 \ lis transversa. 6. A. scapularis superior. 
 7. A. cervicalis posterior vel profunda. 
 Farther on, the subclavian artery conti- 
 nues its progress under the name A. axil- 
 [_ laris. 
 
 ( Furnishes, 1. A. acromialis. 2. A, thoracica 
 I superior. 3. A. thoracica inferior vel longa 
 1 vel mammaria externa. 4. A. scapularis 
 inferior vel communis. 5. A. circumfleia 
 posterior. G. A. circumfiexa anterior. Far- 
 I ther on, the axillary artery continues un- 
 1^ der the name A. brachialis. 
 I Furnishes A. humeralis ]iTofunda\'e\ collate- 
 \ Talis externa. 2. A. collateralis interna. 
 \ It afterwards divides into the radial and 
 ' culjital arteries. 
 
 ( Gives off A. reeurrens radialis, A. dorsnlis 
 1 carpi, A. dorsalis melacarpi. A. dorsalis 
 1 poinds, and terminates in forming the 
 ' Arcus pnlmaris profundus, 
 ("Gives off .4. reeurrens cubitalis anterior and 
 I posterior: A. interossea anterior and pos- 
 , terior. which latter furnishes A. reeurrens 
 \ radialis posterior. It terminates in form- 
 j ing the superficial palmar arch, which 
 L gives of[ A. CoUalerales digitorum. 
 
 c. Arteries given off hy the Aorta in the Thoraz, 
 
 f \. A. Bronchica, dextra et sinistra. 
 
 _, I 2. A. cEsophagwa (to the number of four, 
 
 inese , ^j^^^ or six.) 
 
 arteries <^ g _^ mediastivm posteriores. 
 
 "'^^^ I 4. A. intercostalcs inferiores vel aorlicm 
 \^ (to the number of eight, nine, or ten.) 
 
 d. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta in the Ahdomen, 
 These 
 
 bra 
 
 hese i J 
 nc/icss 
 ire, ( 
 
 The A. diaphragmatica vel phrenica 
 dextra et sinistra. 
 
 f Which divides into three branches, 1. A. co- 
 
 I ronaria ventriculi. 2. A. Hepatica. which 
 
 2. A. J gives off A. pylorica. A. gastro-epiploica 
 
 C(Eliaca.\ dextra and A. cystica ; and, lastly, the .4. 
 
 I splenica, which gives off A. gastro.epiplo- 
 
 i ica sinistra and Vasa brevia. 
 
 ( Which gives off at its concavity the A. co- 
 
 \ lica dextra superior, media ct inferior, and 
 
 ■j at its convex part from 15 to 20 Rami iti- 
 
 testinales. 
 
 Which gives off A. colica superior media, 
 anil inferior, and divides into A. hsmor- 
 ' rlioidales superiores. 
 
 3. A. 
 
 Mesen- 
 
 terica 
 
 superior ' 
 
 4. A. I 
 Mesen- 
 
 terica 
 inferior. I 
 
 5. The A. Capsulares medice (to the number of two 
 on each side.) 
 
 6. A. Henales vel Emulgentes. 
 
 7. A. Spermaticce. 
 
 8. A. Lumbares (to the number of four or five on 
 each side.) 
 
 e. Arteries resulting from the Bifurcation of the 
 
 Aorta. 
 
 The Aorta, a little above its Bifurcation, gives off 
 
 the A. sacra media, and divides into A. iliacis pri- 
 
 mitivai. 
 
 A. Iliaca 
 
 primi- 
 
 tiva. 
 
 Divides into A. Iliaca interna and A. Iliaca 
 
 externa, 
 
 f Furnishes, 1. A. ilio-lumbaris. 2. A. sacra 
 lateralis. 3. A. glutea vel iliaca posterior. 
 4. A. umhilicalis. 5. A. vcsicalis. 6. A. 
 obturatoria. 7. A. hamorrhoidea media. 
 8 A- uterina. 9. A. vaginalis. 10. A. 
 ischiatica. 11. A. pudenda interna, which 
 gives off the A. hemorrhoidales inferiores, 
 A, of the septum, A. transversa perinci, 
 
 (_ A. corporis cavernosi, and A. dorsalis penis. 
 
 ( Furnishes, 1. A. epigastrica. 2. A. ili'^ca an- 
 terior vel circumfiexa ilii, and is continued 
 afterwards under the name of Crural Ar- 
 tery. 
 
 'Furnishes; 1. A. subcutanea abdominalis. 2. 
 A. pudenda superficialis and profunda. 3. 
 A. muscularis superficialis. 4, A muscu- 
 laris profunda, which gives off the A. cir- 
 cumfiexa externa and interna, and the 
 three Perforantes, distinguished into su- 
 perior, middle, and inferior. Farther on, 
 the crural artery continues under the 
 
 [ name A. Poplitcea. 
 
 'Furnishes, 1. A. Articulares superiores, in- 
 terna, media, et externa. 2. A. Oemell<B. 
 3 A. Articulares inferiores, interna et ex- 
 terna. 4. A. tibialis antica, which, at tlie 
 
 \ foot, takes the name, A. dorsalis tarsi, and 
 
 I gives off the tarsal and metatarsal arte- 
 ries. In the leg, the popliteal artery rii- 
 
 I vides into the peroneal and posterior 
 
 1. tibial. 
 
 I Divides into A. peronwa antica and A.pero- 
 
 \ ncE postica. 
 
 ("Divides into A. plantaris interna and A. 
 
 I plantaris externa. The latter, by anasto- 
 
 I mosing with the A. dorsalis tarsi, forms 
 
 ■^ the plantar arch, whence arise Rami su- 
 periores vel perforantes postici, R. Inferi- 
 ores postici et antici, which give off Rami 
 perforantes antici. 
 
 Artery, Angular, Facial artery — a. Articu- 
 lar, Circumflex artery — a. Brachiocephalic, Inno- 
 minata arteria — a. Central of the retina. Central 
 artery of the retina — a. Central of Zinn, Central 
 artery of the retina — a. Cephalic, Carotid — a. 
 Cerebral posterior, Vertebral — a. Cervico-scapu- 
 lar, see Cervical arteries — a. Coronary of the lips. 
 Labial artery — a. Crotaphite, Temporal artery — 
 a. Fibular, Peroneal artery— a. Gastric inferioiv 
 
 a. A. II 
 iaca in-.^ 
 terua 
 
 b. A. Il- 
 iaca ex- 
 terna. 
 
 A. Cru- 
 ralis. 
 
 A. Pop- 
 litaea. 
 
 l.A.Pe- 
 roncea. 
 
 2. A Ti- 
 bialis 
 postica. 
 
ARTETISCUS 
 
 106 
 
 ARTICCLAR 
 
 Oaslro-epiploic artery — a. Gastro-hepatic, see 
 Oasti\T-epiploic artery — a. Genital, Pudic (inter- 
 ual) artery — a. Guttural inferior, Thyroideal A. 
 inferior — a. Guttural superior, Thyroideal A. su- 
 perior — a. Humeral, Brachial artery — a. Iliac 
 posterior. Gluteal artery — a. Iliaco-muscular, 
 Ilco-lumbar artery — a. Labial, Facial artery — a. 
 Laryngeal superior, Thyroideal artery, superior 
 — a. Maxillary internal, Facial artery — a. Median 
 of the sacrum, Sacral artery, anterior — a. Nasal, 
 lateral, large, Bpheno-palatine artery — a. Palato- 
 labial. Facial artery — a. Pericephalic, Carotid 
 (external) — -a. Pharyngeal, superior, Pterygo- 
 palatine artery — a. Phrenic, Diaphragmatic ar- 
 tery — a. Posterior of the brain, see Cerebral ar- 
 teries — a. External scapular. Acromial artery — 
 a. Spinal, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Subcla- 
 vian right, Innominata arteria — a. Subscapular, 
 Scapular artery, inferior — a. Superficial of the 
 abdomen, Ad cutem abdominis (arteria) — a. Su- 
 pramaxillary. Alveolar artery — a. Suprarenal, 
 Capsular artery — a. Thoracic, internal. Mammary 
 internal — a. Urethro-bulbar, Transverse perineal 
 artery — a. Vesico-prostatic, Vesical artery — a. 
 Vidian, Pterygoid artery. 
 
 ARTETIS'CUS ; from artus, ' a limb.' One 
 who has lost a limb. 
 
 ARTEURYSxMA, Aneurism. 
 
 ARTHANI'TA, from aprog, 'bread;' the Oyc' ■ 
 lamen or Sowbread. It was formerly made into 
 ointment, Unguen'tiim Arthani'tce, with many 
 other substances, and was employed as a purga- 
 tive, being rubbed on the abdomen. 
 
 Arthanita Cyclamen, Cyclamen. 
 
 ARTHETICA, Teuerium chamajpitys. 
 
 ARTHRAGRA, Gout — a. Anomala, Gout, an- 
 omalous — a. Genuina, Gout, regular — a. Legiti- 
 ma, Gout, regular — a. Normalis, Gout, regular — 
 a. Vera, Gout, regular. 
 
 ARTHRALGIA, Arthrodynia, Gout. See Lead 
 rheumatism. 
 
 ARTHRELCO'SIS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,' and 
 'eXk-wcri;, 'ulceration.' Ulceration of a joint. 
 
 ARTHREMBOLE'SIS, same etymon as the 
 next. The reduction of a fracture or luxation. 
 
 ARTHREM'BOLUS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,' 
 cv, 'in,' and (SaXXia, 'I cast.' An ancient instru- 
 ment used in the reduction of dislocations. 
 
 ANTIIRETICA, Teuerium chamsepitys. 
 
 ARTHRIT'IC, Arthrit'ieus, from ap^pov, 'a 
 joint.' (F.) Arthritique, Goiitteux. That which 
 relates to gout or arthritis, as arthritic symp- 
 toms, &c. 
 
 ARTHRITICUS VERUS, Gout. 
 
 ARTHRITIP'UGUM,- from arthritis, 'gout,' 
 and fvgare, 'to drive away.' A remedy that 
 drives away gout. Heyden terms cold water, 
 internally, the arthritif'uqum magnum. 
 
 ARTHRITIS, Gout, Arthroph'logosis, Arthro- 
 sia — a. Aberrans, Gout (wandering) — a. Acuta, 
 Gout (regular) — a. Arthrodynia, Rheumatism, 
 chronic — a. Asthenica, Gout (atonic) — a. Atonic, 
 Gout (atonic) — a. Diaphragmatica, Angina Pec- 
 toris — a. Erratica, Gout (wandering) — a. Hydrar- 
 thros, Hydrarthrus — a. Inflammatoria, Gout (re- 
 gular) — a. Juvenilis, see Rheumatism, acute — a. 
 Maxillaris, Siagonagra — a. Nodosa, Gout (with 
 nodosities) — a. Planetica, Gout (wand?:-ing) — a. 
 Podagra, Gout — a. Rheumatica, see Rheumatism, 
 acute — a. Rheumatismus, Rheumatism, acute — 
 a. Retrograda, Gout (retrograde.) 
 
 ARTHROC'ACE, from ap&pm', 'a joint,' and 
 KaKug, 'bad.' Disease of the joints; and espe- 
 cially carief! of the articular surfaces. Spina 
 veatosa. 
 
 Arthrocvce Coxarum, Coxarum morbus. 
 
 ARTHR<)CACOLOG"IA, from arthroeacia — 
 according to Rust, a chronic disease of the joints ; 
 
 and \oyog, ' a description.' The doctrine of chro- 
 nic diseases of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROCARCINO'MA, from ap&pov, 'a 
 joint,' and KapKirwua, ' cancer.' Cancer of the 
 joints. 
 
 ARTHROCHONDRI'TIS, fromapV- 'a 
 joint,' ^ov&pos, 'a cartilage,' and itis, denoting 
 inflammation. Inflammation of the cartilages 
 and joints. 
 
 ARTHRO'DIA, from ap^pov, 'a joint.' Adar- 
 tictda'tio, A moveable joint, formed by the head 
 of a bone applied to the surface of a shallow 
 socket, so that it can execute movements in every 
 direction. Arthro'dium is ' a small joint :' dimi- 
 nutive of Arthrodia. 
 
 ARTHRODYN'IA, Arthronal'gia, ArthraV- 
 gia, from ap^pov, 'articulation,' and oi5i)<'>7, 'pain.' 
 Articular pain. Pain in the joints. See Rheu- 
 matism, chronic. 
 
 Arthrodynia Pobagrica, Gout. 
 
 ARTHROL'OGY, Arthrolog"ia, from ap^pov, 
 ' a joint,' and Aoyoy, ' a description.' A descrip- 
 tion of the joints. The anatomy of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROM'BOLE, from afSpov, and jSaXXu, 
 'I cast.' Coaptation, reduction. Reduction of 
 a luxated or fractured bone. 
 
 ARTHROMENINGITIS, Meningarthrocace. 
 
 ARTHRON, 'a joint.' The ancients used the 
 word Arthron, for the articulation of bones with 
 motion, in opposition to Symphysis, or articula- 
 tion without motion. 
 
 ANTHRONALGIA, ArthrodynH^ 
 
 ARTHRON'CUS, Arthrophy' ma ; from ap&pov, 
 ' a joint,' and oyxog, ' a swelling.' Tumefaction 
 of a joint. 
 
 ARTHRONEMPYESIS, Arthropyosis. 
 
 ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS, from ap5pov, 'ajoint,' 
 and ^Xtyu), 'I burn;' Arthri'tis, Ostarthro' sis. 
 Inflammation of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROPHYMA ADENOCHONDRIUM, 
 see Adenochondrius. 
 
 ARTHROPYO'SIS, Arthronempye' sis, from 
 ap^pov, 'ajoint,' and vvov, 'pus.' Suppuration 
 or abscess of the joints. 
 
 ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS, Rheumatism 
 (acute.) 
 
 ARTHRO'SIA, from ap$rpou>, 'I articulate.' 
 Arthritis, (of some.) Inflammation, mostly con- 
 fined to the joints; severely painful ; occasionally 
 extending to the surrounding muscles. A genua 
 of diseases in the Nosology of Good, including 
 Rheumatism, Gout, Articular inflammation, Joi>it- 
 ache, (fcc. 
 
 Arthrosia Acuta, Rheumatism, acute — a. 
 Chronica, Rheumatism, chronic — a. Lumborum, 
 Lumbago — a. Podagra, Gout — a. Podagra com- 
 plicata. Gout (I'etrograde) — a. Podagra larvata, 
 Gout (atonic) — a. Podagra regularis. Gout (re- 
 gular. ) 
 
 ARTHROSIS, Articulation. 
 
 ARTHROSPON'GUS, from ap^ov, 'a joint,' 
 and cnToyyog, 'a sponge.' A white, fungous tu- 
 mour of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROTRAU'MA, from ap^pov, 'a joint,' 
 and Tpav)ia, 'a wound.' A wound of ajoint. 
 
 AR'TIA. According to some, this word is sy- 
 nonymous with apTTjpia ; others use it synony- 
 mously with Trachea. 
 
 ARTWHAUT, Cynara scolymus. 
 
 ARTICHOKE, Cynara scolymus. 
 
 ARTICLE, Articulation. 
 
 ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus. 
 
 ARTICULAR, Articula'ris: from artus, 'a 
 joint;' articrdus, 'a small joint.' That which re- 
 lates to the articulations; — as the articular cap- 
 sides, &c. 
 
 Articular Arteries of the Arm, Circum- 
 flex arteries of the arm. 
 
AETICULATIO 
 
 107 
 
 ARTT^NA 
 
 Artic'ular Ar'teries of the Kntie arise 
 from the popliteal artery, and surround the tibio- 
 femoral articulation. Although of a small size, 
 they are important, as they furnish blood to the 
 lower extremity after the operation for popliteal 
 aneurism. They are distinguished into sujjerior 
 and inferior. The sxqjerior articular arteries, 
 po2)liteal articular arteries, are commonly three 
 in number; one of which is internal, another ex- 
 ternal, and another middle, the az'ygous artic'- 
 nlar. The first, liamus anastomot'icus niagnus, 
 anastomoses by one branch with the external cir- 
 cumflex ; and by another with the external supe- 
 rior articular. The second anastomoses with the 
 external circumflex, the superior internal arti- 
 cular, and the inferior external articular ; and 
 the third is distributed within the joint. The in- 
 ferior articular arteries are two in number: an 
 internal and external. The former anastomoses 
 with the internal superior articular and the ex- 
 ternal inferior articular. The latter anastomoses 
 with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial, 
 and the external superior articular. To each 
 articular artery there is an artididar nerve. 
 
 Artic'ular Facettes' are the contiguous 
 surfaces, by means of which the bones are arti- 
 culated. 
 
 Articular Processes, see Vertebras. 
 
 Artic'ular Veins of the knee follow the 
 same course as the arteries. 
 
 ARTICULATIO, Articulation— a. Artificialis, 
 Pseudarthrosis — a. Notha, Pseudarthrosis. 
 
 ARTICULA'TIOISr, Joint, Articula'tio, Ar- 
 thro'sis, Assarthro'sis, Artic'idus, Junctu'ra, Cola, 
 Oonjunc'tio, Nodus, Commissu'ra, Qompa'ges, 
 Syntax' is, Har'mus, Vertic'ula, Vertic'idus, Ver- 
 tic'uhim, (F.) Articulation, Article. Same ety- 
 mon. The union of bones with each other, as 
 well as the kind of union. 
 
 table of articulations. 
 
 Articulations are generally divided into Diar- 
 ihroses or moveable articulations, and Synar- 
 throses or immoveable. 
 
 1. Amphiarthrosis. 
 
 2. Diaithrosis, orbicu- I Enarthrosis. 
 Diarlhroses. ■( lar vas;ue. / Anhroiiia. 
 
 I 3. Alternative or Ginglymus, which 
 
 (^ admits of varieties. 
 
 f 1. Suture. 
 
 „ ., ! 2. Harmonv. 
 
 Synarthroses. <! 3. comphosis. 
 
 4. Schindylesis. 
 
 I 
 
 The articulations are subject to a number of 
 diseases, which are generally somewhat severe. 
 These may be physical, as wounds, sprains, luxa- 
 tions, &c.; or they may be organic, as ankylosis, 
 extraneous bodies, caries, rheumatism, gout, hy- 
 drarthroses, arthropyosis, &c. 
 
 Articulation means also the combination of 
 letters which constitute words. See Voice. 
 
 Articulation, False, Pseudarthro' sis, Artic'- 
 vlus falsus, (F.) A. fausse, A. accidentelle, A. 
 contre nature, A. anormale. A false joint, formed 
 between fragments of bone, that have remained 
 ununited ; or between a luxated bone and the 
 surrounding parts. ^ 
 
 ARTIOULATION EN CHARNIERE, Gin- 
 glymus — a. de la Hanche, Coxo-femoral articula- 
 tion. 
 
 ARTICULI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalan- 
 ges of the fingers — a. Digitorum pedis. Phalanges 
 of the toes. 
 
 ARTICULO MORTIS, see Psychorages — a. 
 Spinalis, Semispinalis colli. 
 
 ARTIFICIAL, Artificia'lis, (F.) Artificiel ; 
 from ars, artis, 'art,' and /acere, 'to make.' That 
 which is formed by art. 
 
 Aruficial Eyes are usually made of enamt'l, 
 and represent a sort of hollow hemisphere, which 
 is applied beneath the eyelids, when the eye is 
 lost. 
 
 Artificial Teeth are made of ivory, porce- 
 lain, &G. 
 
 PIECES B'ANA TOMIE AR TIFICIELL ES, 
 are preparations of anatomy, modelled in wax, 
 plaster, paper, <fcc. 
 
 ARTISCOCCUS L^VIS, Cynara scolymus. 
 ARTIS'CUS, from apro;, 'bread.' See Tro- 
 chiscus. A troch of the shape of a small loaf. 
 Also, and especially, a troch made of vipers. 
 
 ARTOCAR'PUS. The Bread-fruit Tree, (F.) 
 Jaquier. A Polynesian tree, so called because 
 the fruit, which is milky, and juicy, supplies the 
 place of bread to the inhabitants. It grows to 
 the height of 40 feet. 
 Artocarpus Integrifolia, Caoutchouc. 
 ARTOC'REAS, from aproy, 'bread,' and Kpta^, 
 'flesh.' A kind of nourishing food made of va- 
 rious aliments boiled together. — Galen. 
 
 ARTOG'ALA, from aproj, 'bread,' and ya\a, 
 ' milk.' An alimentary preparation of bread and 
 milk. A poultice. 
 
 ARTOM'ELI, from a^ros, 'bread,' and ^eAj, 
 'honey.' A cataplasm of bread and honey. — 
 Galen. 
 ARTUS, Membrum. 
 ARTYMA, Aroma, Condiment. 
 ARUM, A. maculatum, and A. triphyllum — a. 
 Americanum betoe foliis, Dracontium foetidum. 
 
 Arum Dracun'culus, Dracun' cuius -polyphyV- 
 lus, Coluhri'na Eracon'tia, Erva de Sancta Ma- 
 ria, Gig'arus serpenta'ria, Arum polyjjhyl'lum, 
 Serpenta'ria Gallo' rum. Family, AroidcEe. Sex. 
 Syst. Moncecia Polyandria. The roots and leaves 
 are very acrimonious. The plant resembles the 
 A. macida'tum in its properties. 
 
 Arum Esculen'tum, CaJ^t'ditim esculen'tum, 
 Taro, Kalo. The foliage and roots possess acrid 
 qualities, which are dissipated by baking or boil- 
 ing ; in which form it is used as food by the 
 people of Madeira, the Polynesians, &c. 
 
 Arum Macula'tum, Aran, Arum (of the older 
 writers), A. vulga're, Cuckow Pint, Barha Aaro'- 
 nis, Serpenta'ria minor, Zin'giher German'icum, 
 Saeerdo'tis ptenis, IFaie Rohin, Priest's pintle, (F.) 
 Gouet, Pied de Veau. The fresh root is stimu- 
 lant internally. Dose, ^j. of the dried root. 
 Externally, it is very acrid. From the root of 
 this Arum a starch is prepared, which is called 
 Portland Island Sago, Gersa serpenta'ricB„ Certis'- 
 sa serpenta'ricB, Fec'ula ari macula'ti. 
 
 Arum, Three-Leaved, Arum triphyllum. 
 Arum, Triphyl'lum, Three-leaved arum, (F.) 
 Pied de Veau triphylle, Indian Turnip, Dragon 
 Root, Eragon Turnip, Pepper Turnip. This 
 plant grows all over the United States, and is 
 received into the Pharmacopoeia under the title 
 Arum. The recent root, or Cormtis — Arum, (I'h. 
 U. S.) — is very acrimonious, and has been em- 
 ployed in asthma, croup, and hooping-cough. 
 Boiled in lard, it has been used in tinea capitis, 
 and in milk in consumption. 
 
 Arum Virginicum, Peltandra Virginica — a. 
 Vulgare, A. maculatum. 
 ARUMARI, Caramata. 
 
 ARUNDO BAMBOS, Bamboo — a. Braehii 
 major, Ulna — a. Braehii minor, Radius — a. In- 
 dica, Sagittarium alexipharmacum — a. Major, 
 Tibia — a. Minor, Fibula — a. Saccharifera, see 
 Saccharum. 
 ARVA, Ava. 
 
 ARVUM, Vulva— a. Naturae, Uterus. 
 ART-ARTTENOID^US, Arytencidasus— » 
 Epiglotticus, Arytajno-epiglotticus. 
 AKYTiE'NA, apvraiva, ' a ladle.' Hence, 
 
ARYT^NO-EPIGLOTTICUS 
 
 108 
 
 ASCIA 
 
 A R TT ^ ' N - EPIGLOT'TICUS, Arytm'no- 
 enifjlottidce'vs, Ary-epiglot'ticue. That which he- 
 longs to the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis. 
 Winslow gives this name to small, fleshy fasci- 
 culi, which are attached, at one extremity, to the 
 arytenoid cartilages, and, by the other, to the free 
 edge of the epiglottis. These fibres do not al- 
 ways exist. They form part of the arytenoid 
 muscle of modern anatomists. 
 
 All'YTENOID, ArytcBnoVdee, Aryteno'idce'tis, 
 from aQvTaiva, 'a ladle,' and tiios, 'shape.' Ladle- 
 shaped. 
 
 Arytenoid Cae'tilages, Oartilag"{nea aryte- 
 noi'des, 0. (/uttura'les, C. Gutturi'ncB, C. gutturi- 
 for'nies. G. triq'uetrcB, Guttur'nia, are two carti- 
 lages of the larynx, situate posteriorly above the 
 cricoid, which, by approximation, diminish the 
 aperture of the glottis. Their upper extremi- 
 ties or cornua are turned towards each other, 
 and are now and then found loose, in the form of 
 appendices, which are considered, by some, as 
 distinct cartilages, and termed cuneiform or tu- 
 herculated Cartilages or C'ornic'ula Laryn'gis. 
 
 Arytenoid Glands, Gland'ulm Arytenoidm' cb, 
 are small, glandular, whitish bodies, situate an- 
 terior to the A. cartilages. They pour out a mu- 
 cous fluid to lubricate the larynx. 
 
 ARYTENOIDuE'US, (F.) Arytenoidien. A 
 small muscle, which passes from one arytenoid 
 cartilage to the other, by its contraction brings 
 them together, and diminishes the aperture of 
 the glottis. Winslow divided the muscle into 
 three portions; — the Arytenoida'us transver'sus, 
 or Ary-aryfenoidce'us, and two Arytenoidm' i ob- 
 li'qui. 
 
 ARTTH'M, Aryth'miis, from o, privative, and 
 pvQ/jio;, ' rhythm,' ' measure.' Irregular. This 
 word is applied chiefly to the pulse. 
 
 ASA, Asafoetida. See Assa. 
 
 ASAFGE'TIDA, Aasafoe' tida, Assafet'ida, Ster- 
 cus diah'oli, Cibus Deo'rum, Asa, Devil's dung, 
 Food of the Gods. A gum-resin — the concrete 
 juice of Fer'ula Assafce' tida, Narthex Assafan'- 
 tida. Order, Umbellifersei It is in small masses 
 of a whitish, reddish, and violet hue, adhering 
 together. Taste bitter and subacrid: smell in- 
 supportably alliaceous. The Asiatics use it re- 
 gularly as a condiment. 
 
 Its medical properties are antispasmodic, sti- 
 mulant, and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. v to xx, in 
 pill. 
 
 ASAGRiEA OFFICINALIS, see Veratrina. 
 
 AS'APES, ' crude,' Asep'ton. A term applied 
 to the sputa, or to other matters evacuated, which 
 do not give signs of coction. 
 
 ASAPH'ATUM, from a, privative, and aa(pni, 
 ' clear.' This term has been applied to collec- 
 tions in the sebaceous follicles of the skin, which 
 may be pressed out like little worms, with a black 
 head. See Acne. 
 
 A SAP HI' A, from a, privative, and ca<p:i;, 
 ' clear.' Dyspho'nia immodula'ta palati'na, Pa- 
 rapho'nia guttura'lis ; P. palati'na* Defective 
 articulation, dependent upon diseased palate. — 
 Hippocrates, Vogel. 
 
 ASARABACCA, Asarum — a. Broad-leaved, 
 Asarum Canadense. 
 
 ASAR'CON, from a, privative, and aap^, 'flesh.' 
 Devoid of flesh. Aristotle uses the term for the 
 head when it ia but little fleshy, compared with 
 the chest and abdomen. 
 
 ASARET, Asarum — a. du Canada, Asarum 
 Canadense. 
 
 ASARI'TES, from acapov, 'the asarum.* A 
 diuretic wine, of which asarum was an ingredient. 
 — Dioscorides. 
 
 AS'ARUM, from a, privative, and aatpctv, 'to 
 adorn :' because not admitted into the ancient 
 
 coronal wreaths ; As'arum Europm'um, A. offici- 
 na'le, Nardus Monta'na, Nardus Rust'ica, Az'- 
 arum, (F.) Asaret ou Cabaret, Oreille d'homme, 
 Oreillette, Girard-Roussin, Nard Sauvage. Fain, 
 Aroideffi. Sex. Syst. Dodecandria Monogynia, 
 The plant, used in medicine, is the As'arum Eu- 
 ropa'um, Asarabac'ca, and of this the leaves. 
 They are emetic, cathartic, and errhine, but are 
 hardly ever employed, except for the last purpose. 
 
 Asarum Canaden'se, A. CaroUnia'num, Ca- 
 nada Snakeroot, Wild Ginger, 'Colics Foot, Broad- 
 leaf Asarabacca, Indian Ginger, Heart Snake- 
 root, (F.) Asaret du Canada. The root As'arum, 
 (Ph. U. S.) is used as a substitute for ginger, and 
 is said to act as a warm stimulant and dia- 
 phoretic. 
 
 Asarum Carolinianum, A. Canadense — a. 
 Europseum, see Asarum — a. Hypocistis, Cytinua 
 hypoeistis — a. OflBcinale, see Asarum. 
 
 ASBESTOS SCALL, see Eczema of the hairy 
 scalp. 
 
 ASCAIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ascain 
 is a vUlage, situate about a league from St. Jean- 
 de-Luz, in France. The water is a cold chaly- 
 
 AS'CARDAMYC'TES, from a, privative, and 
 cKap&ajivTTu), 'I twinkle the eyes.' One who starea 
 with fixed eyes, without moving the eyelids. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ASCARICIDA ANTHELMINTICA, Verno- 
 nia anthelmintica. 
 
 ASCARIDE LOMBRICOIBE, Ascaris lum- 
 bricoides — a. Vermiculaire, Ascaris vermicularis. 
 
 AS'CARIS, pi. ASCAR'IDES, from aarapt^id, 
 'I leap.' A genus of intestinal worms, charac- 
 terized by a long, cylindrical body, extenuated 
 at the extremities ; and having a mouth furnished 
 with three tubercles, from which a very short 
 tube is sometimes seen issuing. Formerly, there 
 were reckoned two varieties of the Ascaris — the 
 As'caris lumbrico'i'des, Lumbri'cus, L. teres Jiom'- 
 inis, Seolex, As'caris gigas hom'inis, (F.) Lombri- 
 co'ide, Ascaride lombrico'ide, Lombric, L. Teres, 
 or long round worm ,• and the As'caris Vermicu- 
 la'ris — the Ascaris proper — the thread ivorm or 
 mate worm. The former is alone included under 
 the genus, at present — a new genus having been 
 formed of the A. vermicularis, under the name 
 Oxyuris. It is the Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris, (F.) 
 Ascaride, A. vermiculaire, Oxyure vermiculaire. 
 
 A new species of entozoa has been found by 
 Dr. Bellingham, the As'caris ala'ta. 
 
 Ascaris Alata, see Ascaris — a. Gigas ho- 
 minis, see Ascaris — a. Lumbricoides, see Ascaris 
 — a. Trichuria, Trichocephalus — a. Vermicularis, 
 see Ascaris. 
 
 AS'CELES, As'keles, Carens cru'ribus, from o, 
 privative, and aKcXog, 'a leg.' One who has no legs. 
 
 ASCELLA, Axilla. 
 
 ASCEN'DENS, from ascendere, (ad and scan- 
 dere,) 'to ascend.' (F.) Ascendant. Parts are 
 thus called, which are supposed to arise in a re- 
 gion lower than that where they terminate. 
 Thus, Aorta ascendens is the aorta from its ori- 
 gin to the arch : Vena cava ascendens, the large 
 vein which carries the blood from the inferior 
 parts to the heart : Obliquus ascendens (muscle,) 
 the lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen, <tc. 
 
 ASCEN'SUS MORBL The period of increase 
 of a disease. 
 
 ASCESIS, Exercise. 
 
 ASCniL, Scilla. 
 
 ASCHISTODAC'TYLUS, Syndae'tyhis: from 
 a, privative, (r;;^(fTOf, 'cleft;' and iaKTvXo;, 'a 
 finger.' A monster whose fingers are not sepa- 
 rated from one another. — Gurlt. 
 
 AS'CIA, Axine, 'an axe,' Scepar'nos, Dol'abra, 
 Fas'cia spira'lis. Name of a bandage mentioned 
 
ASCILLA 
 
 109 
 
 ASPEN 
 
 by Hippocrates and Galen, and figured by Scul- 
 tetus, in the shape of an axe or hatchet. — Galen. 
 See Doloire. 
 
 ASCILLA, Axilla. 
 
 ASCI'TES, from a<7(i-o?, ' a bottle :' — ^sH'ies, 
 Hydroce'le Peritoncs'i, Hydrops Abdom'inis, H. 
 Ascites, Hydragas'ter, Hydroperitone' um, Hydro- 
 coe'lia, Hydre'trum, Ascli'tes, Ooelioch'ysis, Brojisy 
 of the loieer belly, Dropsy of the Peritone'um, (F.) 
 Ascite, Hydro-peritonie, Hydropisie duJBas-ventre. 
 A collection of serous fluid in the abdomen. As- 
 cites proper is dropsy of the peritoneum ; and is 
 characterized by increased size of the abdomen, 
 by fluctuation and the general signs of dropsy. 
 It is rarely a primary disease ; but is always 
 flangerous, and but little susceptible of cure. 
 Most generally, it is owing to obstructed circu- 
 lation in some of the viscera, or to excitement of 
 the vessels of the abdominal organs. The treat- 
 paent is essentially the same as that of other drop- 
 sies. Paracentesis, when had recourse to, can 
 only be regarded as a palliative. 
 
 Dropsy of the peritoneum may also be saccated 
 or in cysts, and occasionally the fluid accumulates 
 exterior to the peritoneum, Hydrepicjas'trium. 
 When in cysts it is termed Hydrocys' tis. Hydrops 
 abdom'inis sacca'ttis, H. cys'ticus and Asci'tes 
 aacca'tiis. 
 
 Ascites Hepato-Cystictis, Turgeseentia vesi- 
 culse felleffi — a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii — a. Puru- 
 lentus, Pyoccelia — a. Faccatus, see Ascites, Hy- 
 droarion, and Hydrops ovarii. 
 
 ASCLEPI'AD^, Asclepi'.ades; from Ao-^cXiyTrtoj, 
 * ^sculapius.' The priest physicians, who served 
 In the ancient temples of ^sculapius, and who 
 took their name from being his descendants. 
 
 ASGLEPIADE, Asclepias vineetoxicum. 
 
 aSCLEPIAS ALBA, A. vineetoxicum — a. 
 Ajrocynum, A. Syriaca. 
 
 Ascle'pias Asthmat'ica, Cy nan' chum Ipecacu- 
 an'ha, (F.) Ipecacuanha blanc de Vile de France. 
 A creeping plant of the Isle of France, regarded 
 as a specific in asthma. 
 
 Asclepias Crispa, Gomphocarpus crispus. 
 
 Asclepias Curassav'ica, Bastard Ipecacu- 
 anha, Redhead, Bloodweed. The leaves are 
 emetic in the dose of one or two scruples. It 
 is the Ipecacuanha blanc of St. Domingo. 
 
 Asclepias Dectjm'bens; the root. Escharotic, 
 cathartic, sudorific, diuretic. 
 
 Asclepias, Flesh-coloured, A. Incarnata. 
 
 Asclepias Gigante'a. The milky juice is 
 very caustic. It is used in Malabar against 
 herpes; and, mixed with oU, in gout. See 
 Mudar. 
 
 Ascle'pias Incarna'ta, Flesh-coloured ascle- 
 pias. The root of this plant, which grows in all 
 parts of the United States, has the same virtues 
 as A. Syriaca. 
 
 Asclepias Obovata, A. Syriaca. 
 
 Asclepias Proc"era (?) Beidelossar ; Bei- 
 delsar. An Egyptian plant, the leaves of which 
 are made into a plaster, and applied to indolent 
 tumours. The milky juice is caustic, and is used 
 as such. 
 
 Asclepias Pseudosarsa, Hemidesmus In- 
 dicus — a. Pubescens, A. Syriaca. 
 
 Asclepias Syriaca, A. pubes'cens, A. apoc"y- 
 vum, A. obova'ta seu tomento'sa. Common Silk- 
 ueed. Milk Weed, (F.) Herbe d la houette. The 
 cortical part of the root has been given, in pow- 
 der, in asthmatic and pulmonic afi^ections in ge- 
 neral, and, it is said, with success. 
 
 Ascle'pias Sullivan'tii, Smooth Milkweed, 
 Silkweed: indigenous, possesses the same virtues 
 as the next. 
 
 Asclepias Tomentosa, A. Syriaca, 
 
 Asci«'''iAS TuBERO'SA^ Butterfly Weed, Pkv- 
 
 risy Boot, Flux Boot, Wind Boot, White Boot, 
 Orange Swallow Boot, Silk Weed, Canada Boot, 
 Orange Apoc"ynum, Tuberous Booted Swal'low 
 Wort. Nat. Ord. Asclepiadese. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tandria Digynia. Said to have been first recom- 
 mended by the Asclepiades. In Virginia and the 
 Carolinas, the root of this plant has been long 
 celebrated as a remedy in pneumonic affections. 
 It is sudorific, and the powder acts as a mild 
 purgative. Its chief powers are said to be expec- 
 torant, diaphoretic, and febrifuge. It is occa- 
 sionally given to relieve pains of the stomach 
 from flatulency and indigestion. 
 
 Asclepias Vincetox'icum, A. Alba, Cynan'- 
 chum Vincetox'icum, Vincetox'icum, V. Ojfficina'le, 
 Hirundina'ria, Apoc"ynum Novm An'glice hirsn- 
 tiwi, &c.. Swallow- Wart, White Sicallow- Wort, 
 (F.) Asclepiade, Bompte-venin. 
 
 The root is said to be stimulant, diuretic, and 
 emmenagogue, but is hardly ever used. 
 
 ASCLEPIASMUS, Hfemorrhois. 
 
 ASCLITES, Ascites. 
 
 ASCO'MA, from aoKo^, 'a bottle.' The emi- 
 nence of the pubes at the period of puberty in 
 females. — Kufus of Ephesus. 
 
 ASE, Anxiety. 
 
 ASELLT, Onisci aselli. 
 
 ASELLUS, Oniscus. 
 
 ASE'MA CRISIS, Kpio-ij aurifia, from a, priva- 
 tive, and.<ri;/<a, 'a sign.' A crisis occurring unex- 
 pectedly an dwith out the ordinary precursory signs, 
 
 ASEPTON, Asapes. 
 
 ASH, BITTER, Quassia — a. Blue, Fraxinus 
 quadrangulata — a. Mountain, Sorbus acuparia 
 — a. Prickly, Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava 
 Herculis — a. Prickly, shrubby, Xanthoxylum 
 fraxineum — a. Stinking, Ptelea trifoliata — ^a^ 
 Tree, Fraxinus excelsior — a. White, Fraxinus 
 Americana. 
 
 ASIT"IA, from a, privative, and ciros, ' food.' 
 Abstinence from food. "Want of appetite, — Fas- 
 tid'ium cibo'rum, Apoclei' sis, 
 
 ASIUS LAPIS, Assius Lapis. 
 
 ASJAGAN, As'jogam. An Indian tree, the 
 juice of whose leaves, mixed with powdered 
 cumin seeds, is employed in India in colic. 
 
 ASJOGAM, Asjagan. 
 
 ASKELES, Asceles. 
 
 ASKITES, Ascites. 
 
 ASO'DES, Asso'des, from aan, 'disgust,' 'sati- 
 ety.' A fever accompanied with anxiety and 
 nausea; Fe'bris aso'des vel azo'des. 
 
 ASPALASO'MUS, from a<r7raAa|, 'a mole,' and 
 (Xio/ia, 'body.' A genus of monsters in which 
 there is imperfect development of the eyes. — 
 I. G. St. Hilaire. Also, a malformation, in which 
 the fissure and eventration extend chiefly upon 
 the lower part of the abdomen ,• the urinary ap- 
 paratus, genitals and rectum opening externally 
 by three distinct orifices. — Vogel. 
 
 ASPALTUM, Asphaltum. 
 
 ASPARAGINE, see Asparagus. 
 
 ASPAR'AGUS, Aspar'agus officina'lis. Com- 
 mon Asparagus, Spar'agus, Sper'agus, Sparrow 
 Grass, Grass. Nat. Ord. Asphodeleee. Sex. Syst. 
 Hexandria Monogynia. Aspar'agi officina'lis Tu^ 
 rio'nes, (F.) Asperge. The fresh roots are diu- 
 retic, perhaps owing to the immediate crystal- 
 lizable principle, Asparagine. The young shoots 
 are a well known and esteemed vegetable diet. 
 They communicate a p)eeuliar odour to the urine. 
 A syrup made of the young shoots and an extract 
 of the roots has been recommended as a sedatiro 
 in heart affections. 
 
 ASPA'SIA. A ball of wood soaked in an in- 
 fusion of galls, and used by females for constring- 
 ing the vagina. 
 
 ASPEN, AMERICAN, Populus tremuleidoi 
 — a- European, Populus treinula. 
 
ASPERA ARTERIA 
 
 110 
 
 ASPLENIUM 
 
 ASPERA ARTERIA, Trachea. 
 
 ASPERGE, Asparagus. 
 
 ASPERITAS ARTERIA ASPERA, Rau- 
 eedo. , ^ 
 
 ASPERITE DES PAUPIERES, Trachoma. 
 
 ASPER'ITY, Asper'itas, roughness. Asperi- 
 ties are inequalities on the surfaces of bones, 
 which often serve for the insertion of fibrous 
 organs. 
 
 ASPERMATIA, Aspermatismus. 
 
 ASPERMATIS'MUS, Asjyer'mia, Asperma'tia, 
 from a, privative, and airepjia, ' spierm.' Reflux 
 of sperm from the urethra into the bladder, dur- 
 ing the venereal orgasm. 
 
 ASPEPtillA, Aspermatismus. 
 
 ASPERSIO, Catapasma, Fomentation. 
 
 ASPER'SIOX, Asper'sio, from aspergere {ad 
 and spargere,) 'to sprinkle,' (F.) Arrosement. 
 Act of sprinkling or pouring a liquid guttatim 
 over a wound, ulcer, &c. 
 
 ASPERULA, Galium aparine. 
 
 Asper'ula Odora'ta, Oa'liura odora'tum, Ma- 
 triayl'va, Hepat'ica stella'ta, (F.) Asperule odo- 
 rante ouMuguet des hois, Hepatique etoilee. Earn. 
 Rubiaceag. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. 
 Sweet-scented Wood-roof. Said to be diuretic, 
 deobstruent, tonic, and vulnerary. 
 
 ASPERULE ODOR ANTE, Asperala odo- 
 rata. 
 
 ASPHALTI'TES, Nepliri'tes, Neplri'tis, Pri- 
 ma Vertebra lumha'ria, same etymon as asphal- 
 tum. A name given by some to the last lumbar 
 vertebra. — Gorraeus. 
 
 ASPHAL'TUM, Nep'ta, Arsal'tos, Asphal'tum, 
 from ocr^aXi^Efv, 'to strengthen.' With the Greeks, 
 this word signified any kind of bitumen. It is 
 now restricted chiefly to the Bitu'men op Jc- 
 DjE'A, B.Jiida'icum, A. sol'idum, Jews' Pitch, Ka- 
 raite of Sodom, (F.) Asphalte. It is solid, friable, 
 vitreous, black, shining, inflammable, and of a 
 fetid smell. An oU is obtained from it by distil- 
 lation. It enters into the composition of certain 
 ointments and plasters. 
 
 It is collected on the surface of the water of 
 the Dead Sea or Lake Asphaltites, in Jud^a. 
 
 ASPHARINE, Galium aparine. 
 
 ASPHOD'ELUS, A. Ramo'sus, A. Alhw, A. Ma- 
 ris, Has' tula Regis, (F.) Lis aspiliodele. The bulbs 
 of this southern European plant have an acrimony 
 which they lose in boiling water. They contain 
 a fecula with which bread has been made, and 
 have been considered diuretic. They have been 
 used as a succedaneum for the squill. 
 
 ASPHTX'IA, from a, priv., and c<pv^ig, 'pulse,' 
 De/ec'tus Pulsus, Acrotis'mus, Sidera'tio, Sydera'- 
 tio. For a long time, Asphyxia was confined to 
 the sense of ' suspension of circulation or Syn- 
 cope.' It now generally means suspiended ani- 
 mation, produced by the nonconversion of the 
 venous blood of the lungs into arterial Ap- 
 noe'a, Apneus'tia, Apna:aspliyx' ia, AnhcBmato'- 
 sia, Ec'lysis pneumo-eardi'aca. Owing to the 
 supply of air being cut off, the unchanged venous 
 blood of +he pjulmonary artery passes into the 
 minut« radicles of the pjulmonary veins, but their 
 peculiar excitability requiring arterial blood to 
 excite them, stagnation takes place in the pul- 
 monary radicle^ and death occurs cniefly from 
 this cause, — not owing to venous blood being 
 distributed through the system, and 'poisoning" 
 it, as was the idea of Bichat. Qarus asphyx'ia, 
 3for8 appa'rens, Mors putati'va, Pseudothan'atos, 
 Apparent death, (F.) Mort apiparente, is charac- 
 terized by suspension of respiration, of the cere- 
 bral functions, &c. Several varieties of Asphyxia 
 bave been designated. 
 
 1. AsPHTx'iA or THE New-Born, a. neonato'- 
 nisi. This is often dependent rjon the feeble 
 
 condition of the infant, not permitting respiration 
 to be established. 
 
 2. Asphy'ia bt Xoxiotts Inhala'tioit or in- 
 halation of gases, some of which cause death by 
 producing a spasmodic closure of the glottis : 
 others by the want of oxygen, and others ai-o 
 positively deleterious or poisonous. 
 
 3. Asphyx'ia by Strangula'tion or Suffoca'- 
 tian ; produced by mechanical impediment to 
 respiration, as in strangulation. 
 
 4. Asphyx'ia by Submer'siox, A. hy droicn- 
 ing, A. Immerso' rum., as occurs in the drowned, 
 who perish in consequence of the medium in 
 which they are plunged, being unfit for respii-a- 
 tion. See Submersion. 
 
 Mr. Chevalier has used the term Asphyx'ia 
 Idiopath' ica, for fatal syncope owing to relaxa- 
 tion of the heart. See Suffocation. 
 
 Asphyx'ia IiiMERSORrM, A. by submersion — 
 a. Local : — see Gangrene — a. Neonatorum, A. of 
 the new-born — a. Pestilenta : — see Cholera — a. 
 Pestilential : — see Cholera. 
 
 ASPHYX'IAL. Relating to asphyxia — as 'a«- 
 phyxial phenomena.' 
 
 ASPHYXIE EES PARTIES, Gangrene— 
 a. Lente des nouveau-nes, Induration of the cel- 
 lular tissue. 
 
 ASPHYX'IED, Asphyxiated, same etymon. 
 In a state of asphyxia. 
 
 ASPIC, Aspis ; also, Lavendula. 
 
 ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani externus. 
 
 ASPID'IUM ATHAMAN'TICUM. A South 
 African fern, Nat. Ord. Filices, which is pos- 
 sessed of anthelmintic properties. Its caudex, in 
 the form of powder, infusion, or electuary, has 
 been found excellent in helminthiasis, and espe- 
 cially in tapeworm. 
 
 AspiDiuM CoRiACETJM, Calagualse radix — a, 
 Depastum, Polypodium filix mas — a. Discolor, see 
 Calagualaj radix — a. Erosum, Polypodium filix 
 mas — a. Filix foemina, Asplenium fills fcemina — 
 a. Ferrugineum, see Calagualse radix — a. Filix 
 mas, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 ASPIRATIO, Inspiration. 
 
 ASPIRA'TION, Ads2nra'tio, Aspira'tio, from 
 aspiirare [nd and spirare) 'to breathe.' The 
 French sometimes use the term synonymously 
 with inspiration. It also means the act of at- 
 tracting or sucking like a pump. Imbibition. 
 Also, the pronunciation of a vowel with a full 
 breath. 
 
 ASPIS, atrrij. A name given by the ancients 
 to a venomous serpent — the Egyptian viper of 
 Lacepede, (F.) Aspic. Its bite is very dangerous, 
 and it is supposed to have been the reptOe which 
 Cleopatra used for her destruction. 
 
 ASPLE'NIUM, from a, priv., and tnrXrjv, 'the 
 spleen.' Sp)leenwort, Miltwaste. 
 
 AsPLEMiuM AuREUM, A. ccterach. 
 
 Asple'nitjm Cet'erach, a. ait'reiim sen lati- 
 fo'lium, Gymnogram'me ceierach, Doradil'ln, 
 Blechnum squamo'snm, Scolopen' dria , Athyr'ion, 
 Cet'erach officina'rum seu canarien'sis, Grammi'- 
 tes cet'erach seu au'rea, Gynop'tcris ceteraeh, Vit- 
 ta'ria ceteraeh, (F.) Boradille. Supposed to bo 
 subastringent and mucilaginous, and has been 
 recommended as a pectoral. It has also been 
 given in calculous cases. 
 
 Asple'nium Filix FcE'sriNA, Polypo'dium filix 
 fasmina, P. molle seu denta'tum seu inci'sum scvi 
 trif'idxim, Aspidiitmflix foemina, Athyr'ium filix 
 fcemina seu molle seu ova'tum seu trif'idum, I'd- 
 ris palus'tris. Female fern, Splcemcort, (F.) Foti- 
 gire femelle. The root of this plant resemble? 
 that of the male fern, and is said to possess simi- 
 lar anthelmintic virtues. The name female fern 
 is also given to Pteria aquilina. 
 
ASPREDO 
 
 111 
 
 ASTHMA 
 
 AsPLENiUM Latifolium, A. ceteracli — a. Mu- 
 rale, A. ruta — a. Obtusum, A. ruta muraria. 
 
 Asple'nium Edta Mura'ria, A. mura'le seu 
 ohtu'sum, Paroni/ch'ia, Phylli'tis ruta mura'ria, 
 Scolopen' driiuii ruta mura'ria, Wallrue, White 
 Maidenhair, Tentwort, Adian'tum album, Ruta 
 mura'ria, Sal' via VittB, (F.) Eue des murailles, 
 Sauve-vie. Used in the same cases as the last. 
 
 Asple'xium Scolopen'drium, Scolopeudrium 
 officina' rum seu lingua seu phylli'tis seu vulga'- 
 re, Scolopen' dra, Scolopen' dria. Hart's Tongue, 
 Spleenivort, Phylli'tis, Lingua cervi'na Blechnum 
 lignifo'lium, (F.) Scolopendre, Langue de cerf. 
 Properties like the last. 
 
 Asple'xium Trichomanoi'des, A. Trichom'- 
 anes, Phylli'tis roiundifo'lia, Calyphyl'lum, Tri- 
 ehom'anes, T. crena'ta, Adian'tum ruhruw. Com- 
 mon Maidenhair, Polyt'richum commu'ne, (F.) 
 Poly trie. Properties like the lost. 
 
 ASPREDO, Trachoma — a. Miliacea, Miliary 
 fever. 
 
 ASPR&LE, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 
 ASSACOU, Hura Brasiliensis. 
 
 ASSA DOUX, Beujamin — a. Dulcis, Benja- 
 min — a. Odorata, Benjamin. 
 
 ASSABA. A Guinea shrub, whose leaves are 
 considered capable of dispersing buboes. 
 
 ASSAFETIDA, Asafoatida. 
 
 ASSAFCETIDA, Asafoetida. 
 
 ASSAIERET. A compound of bitter, stoma- 
 chic, and purgative medicines in the form of pill. 
 — Avicenna. 
 
 ASSAISONNEMENT, Condiment. 
 
 ASSAKUR, Saecharum. 
 
 ASSALA, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 ASSARTHROSIS, Articulation. 
 
 ASSA'TIO, Optj'sis The boiling of food or 
 medicines in their own juice, without the addi- 
 tion of any liquid. Various kinds of cooking by 
 heat. — Galen. 
 
 ASSELLA, Axilla. 
 
 AS'SERAC, Assis. A preparation of opium 
 or of some narcotic, used by the Turks as an ex- 
 citant. 
 
 ASSERCULUM, Splint. 
 
 ASSERVATION, Conservation. 
 
 ASSES' MILK, see Milk, asses. 
 
 Asses' Milk, Artificial, see Milk, asses. 
 
 AS'SIDENS, from ad, 'to,' and sedere, 'to be 
 •eated.' That which accompanies or is eoncomi- 
 ant. An epithet applied to the accessory symp- 
 toms, Assideu'tia signa, and general phenomena 
 
 ASSIDENTIA SIGNA, see Assidens. 
 
 ASSIMILA'TIOiSr, Assimila'tio, Simila'tio, 
 Appropria'tio, Exomoio'sis, Homoio'sis, Threpsis, 
 Threp'tice : from assimilare, {ad, and similare,) 
 'to render similar.' The act by which living 
 bodies appropriate and transform into their own 
 substance matters with which they may be placed 
 in contact. 
 
 ASSIS, Asserac. 
 
 AB'SIUS LAPIS, A'siua Lapis. A sort of 
 stone or earth found near the town of Assa in 
 the Troad, which had the property of destroying 
 proud flesh. 
 
 ASSODES, Asodes. 
 
 ^-S'.S'O UPISSEMENT, Somnolency. 
 
 ASSOURON, see Myr.us Pimenta, 
 
 ASSUETUDO, Habit. 
 
 ASSULA, Splint. 
 
 ASSULTUS, Attack. 
 
 ASSUMPTIO, Prehension. 
 
 ASTACI FLUVIATILIS CONCREMENTA, 
 Cancrorum chelae. 
 
 ASTACUS FLUVIATILIS, Crab. 
 
 ASTAKILLOS, Araneum ulcus. 
 
 ASTAPuZOF. An ointment, composed of li- 
 
 tharge, frog's spawn, Ac. Also, campTinr, dis- 
 solved in rose water. — Paracelsus. 
 
 ASTASIA, Dysphoria. 
 
 ASTER ATTICUS, Bubonium. 
 
 Aster Cordifolius, Heart-leaved Aster, A. 
 Puniceus, Rough-stemmed Aster, and other indi- 
 genous species, Order Compositse, possess aro- 
 matic properties. 
 
 Aster Dysentericus, Inula dysenterica — a. 
 Heart-leaved, A. cordifolius — a. Ilelenium, Inula ' 
 Helenium — a. Inguinalis, Eryngium campestre 
 — a. Officinalis, Inula helenium. 
 
 Aster, Rough-Stemmed, A. Puniceus i— a. 
 Undulatus, Inula dysenterica. 
 
 ASTE'RIA GEMMA, Aste'rius, Astroi'tes, As'- 
 trios, Astroh'olus. The ancients attributed ima~ 
 ginary virtues to this stone, — that of dispersing 
 Nmvi ITaterni, for example. 
 
 ASTERIAS LUTEA, Gentiana lutea. 
 
 ASTEROCEPHALUS SUCCISA, Scabiosa 
 succisa. 
 
 ASTHENES, Infirm. 
 
 ASTHENI'A, Vis imminn'ta, from a, priv., 
 and a^evos, 'force,' 'strength.' Want of strength, 
 debility. (F.) Affaiolissement. Infirmity. A 
 word used in this sense by Galen, and employed, 
 especially by Brown, to designate debility of the 
 whole economy, or diminution of the vital forces. 
 He distinguished it into direct and indirect: the 
 former proceeding from diminution of stimuli; 
 the latter from exhaustion of incitability by the 
 abuse of stimuli. 
 
 Asthenia Degltjtitionis, Pharyngoplegia — a. 
 Pectoralis, Angina Pectoris. 
 
 ASTHENICOPYRA, Fever, adynamic. 
 
 ASTHENICOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic. 
 
 ASTHENO'PIA, Dehil'itas visds, (F.) Affai- 
 blissement de la Vue, from a, priv., cOtvoi, 
 'strength,' and on//, 'the eye.' Weakness of 
 sight ; Weah-sightedness. 
 
 ASTHENOPYRA, Fever, adynamic, Typhus. 
 
 ASTHENOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic. 
 
 ASTHMA, from aadfia, 'laborious breathing;' 
 from a<i>, ' I respire.' A. spas' ticum adidto'rum, 
 A. Senio'rum, A. Convulsi'vum, A. spas'ticum in- 
 termit'tens, Dyspnce'a et orthopnoe'a convulsi'va, 
 Ifalum Cadu'cum pidmo'num, Brolcen-ioindednesn, 
 Nervous asthma, (F.) Asthme, A. iiervei(x. Diffi- 
 culty of breathing, recurring at intervals, accom- 
 panied with a wheezing sound and sense of con- 
 striction in the chest; cough and expectoration. 
 
 Asthma is a chronic disease, and not curable 
 with facility. Excitant and narcotic antispas- 
 modics are required. 
 
 There are no pathognomonic physical signs of 
 asthma. In some cases, the respiration is uni- 
 versally puerile during the attack. In the spas- 
 modic form, the respiratory murmur is very feeble 
 or absent during the fit ; and in all forms percus- 
 sion elicits a clear pulmonary sound. The disease 
 generally consists in some source of irritation, and 
 occasionally, perhaps, in paralysis of the pneu- 
 mogastrie nerves, J^ronchoparaly'sis, Paraly'ais 
 nervi vagi in parte thorac"ica, more frequently 
 of the former — all the phenomena indicating 
 consti-ietion of the smaller bronchial ramifica- 
 tions. The treatment is one that relieves spa.«- 
 modic action — narcotics, counter-irritants, change 
 of air, Ac. 
 
 Asthma Acu'tum, of Millar, A. spas'ticum in- 
 fan'tum, Oynan'che Trachea'lis spasmod'ien, (F.) 
 Asthme aigu. Probably, spasmodic croup. {.') 
 See Asthma Thymicum. 
 
 Asthma Aerium, Pneumothorax — a. Aerium 
 ab Emphysemate Pulmonum, Emphysema of the 
 Lungs— a. Arthriticum, Angina Pectoris. 
 
 Asthma, Cardiac. Dyspnoea dependent upon 
 disease of the heart 
 
ASTHMATIC 
 
 112 
 
 ASTTPHIA 
 
 Asthma Contulsitum, Angina pectoris — a. 
 Diapliragmaticum, Angina Pectoris — a. Dolori- 
 ficum, Angina pectoris — a. Emphysematicum, 
 Pneumothorax. 
 
 Asthma, Grinders', Grinders' Rot. The ag- 
 gregate of functional phenomena, induced by the 
 inhalation of particles thrown off during the 
 operation of grinding metallic instruments, <fec. 
 The structural changes induced are enlargement 
 of the bronchial tubes, expansion of the pulmo- 
 nary tissue, and phthisis. 
 
 Asthma Gypseum, A. pulverulentum — a. Hay, 
 Fever, hay. 
 
 Asthma Hu'midum, Humid, Oommon, or Spit- 
 ting asthma, is when the disease is accompanied 
 with expectoration. It is also called A. humo- 
 ra'le, A. flatiden' turn, A. pneumon'icum, Blenno- 
 tho'rax chron'icus, &c. 
 
 Asthma Infantum, Cynanehe traehealis — a. 
 Infantum Spasmodicum, A. Thymicum — a. Kop- 
 pian, A. Thymicum — a. Laryngeum Infantum, 
 A. Thymicum — a. Montanum, A. pulverulentum 
 ■ — a. Nervous, Asthma — a. Nocturnum, Incubus. 
 
 Asthma Pulvebulen'tum, A. gyp'seum, A. 
 monta'num. The variety of asthma to which 
 millers, bakers, grinders and others are subject. 
 
 Asthma Siccum, so called when the paroxysm 
 is sudden, violent, and of short duration ; cough 
 slight, and expectoration scanty ; spasmodic con- 
 Btriction. 
 
 Asthma Spastico-Arthriticum Inconstans, 
 Angina pectoris — a. Spasticum Infantum, A. 
 Thymicum. 
 
 Asthma Thy'micum, A. T. Kop'pii, A. spas'ti- 
 cum infan'tum, A. infan'tum spasmo'dicum, Tliy- 
 tnasth'ma, Cynan'ehe trachea'lis spasmodJica, 
 Spasmus glot'tidis, Asthma larynge'um infan'- 
 tum, A. intermit'tena infan'tum, A. Dentien'tium, 
 A. period'icum acu'tum, Koppiaii Asthma, Thymic 
 Asthma, Laryngis'mus strid'idus, Laryngo-spas- 
 mus, Apnoe'a infan'tum, Spiasm of the larynx, 
 Spasm of the glottis. Croup-like inspiration of in- 
 fants. Child-crowing, Spasmodic croup, Pseudo- 
 croup, Spu'rious croup, Cer'ehral croup. Suffocat- 
 ing nervous catarrh, (F.) Laryngite striduleuse, 
 Faux Croup, Pseudo-croup nerveux, Spasme de la 
 Glotte et du Thorax. A disease of infants, cha- 
 racterized by suspension of respiration at inter- 
 vals ; great difiBculty of breathing, especially on 
 waking, swallowing, or crying ; ending often in a 
 fit of suffocation, with convulsions. The patho- 
 logy of the disease has been supposed to consist 
 in an enlargement of the thymus gland, or of 
 the glands of the neck pressing on the pneumo- 
 gastric nerves. (?) The ear, on auscultation, at a 
 distance from the chest, detects an incomplete, 
 acute, hissing inspiration, or rather cry ; whilst 
 the expiration and voice are croupal, both at the 
 accession and termination of the paroxysm. The 
 heart's action has been observed to be distinct 
 and feeble. 
 
 These symptoms are often accompanied by ri- 
 gidity of the fingers and toes ; the thumb being 
 frequently drawn forcibly into the palm of the 
 clenched hand, whence the name Carpo-pedal 
 spiasm, applied, at times, to the disease. 
 
 Asthma Typicum. Asthma characterized by 
 pemdicity. 
 
 Asthma Uteri, Hysteria — a. Weed, Lobelia 
 inflata. 
 
 ASTIIMAT'ir, Asthmat'icus, Pnoocolyt'icue, 
 Affected with asthma. Relating to asthma. 
 
 ASTH3IE AIGU, Asthma acutum — a. Ner- 
 t.eiix, Asthma. 
 
 A.S'TOMUS, from a, privative, and cTOfta, 'a 
 Oiouth.' One without a mouth. Pliny speaks 
 of a people in India without mouths, who live 
 ij 'iKelatu et odore ! 
 
 ASTRAGALS COL jy, Collum astragali. 
 
 ASTRAGALOIDES SYPHILITICA, Astra- 
 galus exscapus. 
 
 ASTRAG'ALUS, Talus, the AnMe, Qua'trio, 
 Quar'tio, Quater'nio, Diab'ehos, Peza, Cavic'ula, 
 Cavil'la, Tetro'ros, As'trion, Os Ballist'ce, from 
 aarpayaXos, ' a die,' which it has been considered 
 to resemble. (?) A short bone situate at the su- 
 perior and middle part of the tarsus, where it is 
 articulated with the tibia. It is the ankle bone, 
 sling bone, or first bone of the foot. The anterior 
 surface is convex, and has a well-marked promi- 
 nence, supported by a kind of neck, and hence 
 has been called the head of the astragalus. The 
 astragalus is developed by two points of ossifica- 
 tion. 
 
 Astrag'alhs Exs'captjs, AstragaloV des ey- 
 philit'ica, Stemless Ililk-vetch, (F.) Astragale d 
 gausses velus. Nat. Ord. Leguminosse. Sex. 
 Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The root is said to 
 have cured confirmed syphilis. 
 
 Astrag'alhs Tragacanthus, see Tragacanth. 
 
 Astrag'alhs Verus, Spina hirci, Astrag'alus 
 aculea'tus. Goat's thorn. Milk-vetch. The plant 
 which affords Gum Trag'acanth. See Traga- 
 cantha. 
 
 ASTRANTIA, Imperatoria — a. Diapensia, Sa- 
 nicula. 
 
 AS'TRAPE, Corusca'tio, Fulgur, Fulmen, 
 Lightning. Galen reckons it amongst the re- 
 mote causes of epilepsy. 
 
 ASTRIC'TION, Astric'tio, Stypsis, Adstric'tio, 
 Oonstric'tio, from astrtngere, {ad and stringere,) 
 ' to constringe.' Action of an astringent sub- 
 stance on the animal economy. 
 
 ASTRICTORIA, Astringents. 
 
 ASTRINGENT ROOT, Comptonia aspleni- 
 folia. 
 
 ASTRINGENTS, Astringen'tia, Adstricto'ria, 
 Adstringen'tia, Stryphna, Catastal'tica, Constrin- 
 gen'tia,, Oontrahen'tia, Stegno'tica, Syncrit'ica, 
 Astricto'ria. Same etymon. Medicines which 
 have the property of constringing the organic 
 textures. External astringents are called Styp- 
 tics. 
 
 The following are the chief astringents : Aei- 
 dum Sulphuricum, A. Tannicum, Alumen, Ar- 
 genti Nitras, Catechu, Creasoton, Cupri Sul- 
 phas, Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, Liquor Ferri, Nitra- 
 tis, Ferri Sulphas, Gallse, Hsematoxylon, Kino, 
 Krameria, Liquor Calcis, Plumbi Acetas, Quercus 
 Alba, Quercvis Tinctoria, Zinci Sulphas, 
 
 ASTRION, Astragalus. 
 
 ASTRIOS, Asteria gemma. 
 
 ASTROBLES, from acrrpov, 'a star,' and /SaAAu, 
 'I strike.' One struck by the stars (sidera'tus.) 
 One who is in a state of sideration — -in an apo- 
 plectic state. — Gorrseus. 
 
 ASTROBOLIS'MUS, Heli'asis, Helio'sis ; 
 same etymology. Sidera'tion or action of the 
 stars on a person. Apoplexy. — Theophrastus, 
 Gorrseus. 
 
 ASTROBOLOS, Asteria gemma. 
 
 ASTROITIS, Asteria gemma. 
 
 ASTROL'OGY, Astrolog"ia, from aarpov, 'a 
 star,' and \oyog, 'a discourse.' The art of divin- 
 ing by inspecting the stars. This was formerly 
 considered to be a part of medicine ; and was 
 called Judicial Astrology, to distinguish it from 
 astronomy. 
 
 ASTRON'OMY, Astronom.'ia, from aarpov, 'a 
 star,' and vono^, 'a. law,' 'rule' A science which 
 makes known the heavenly phenomena, and the 
 laws that govern them. Hippocrates places this 
 and astrology amongst the necessary studies of 
 a physician. 
 
 ASTRUTIIIUM, Imperatoria. 
 
 ASTYPHIA, Impotence. 
 
ASTYSIA 
 
 113 
 
 ATLAS 
 
 ASTYSIA, Impotence. 
 
 ASUAR, Myrobalanus Indica. 
 
 ASULCI, Lapis lazuli. 
 
 ASYNODIA, Impotence. 
 
 ATACTOS, Erratic. 
 
 ATARACTAPOIE'SIA, Ataracfop'oe'sia, from 
 o, privative, TapuKTo?, ' troubled,' and izoutv, ' to 
 make.' Intrepidity, iirmuess; a quality of wMch, 
 according to Hippocrates, the pli3'sician oiight to 
 be possessed in the highest degree. 
 
 ATARAX'IA, from a, privative, and ropafiy, 
 ' trouble,' ' emotion.' Moral tranquillity, peace 
 of mind. 
 
 AT'AVISM, from atavus, 'an old grandsire or 
 ancestor, indefinitely.' The case in -which an 
 anomaly or disease, existing in a family, is lost 
 in one generation and reappears in the following. 
 
 ATAX'IA, from a, privative, and ra^is, 'order.' 
 Disorder, irregularity. Hippocrates employs the 
 word in its most extensive acceptation. Galen 
 applies it, especially, to irregularity of pulse ; 
 and Sydenham speaks of Ataxia Sinrituum for 
 disorder of the nervous system. Ataxia, now, 
 usually means the state of disorder that charae-' 
 terizes nervous fevers, and the nervous condition. 
 
 Ataxia Spirituum, Kervous diathesis. See 
 Ataxia. 
 
 ATAX'IC. Atax'icus ; same etymon. Having 
 the characters of ataxia. 
 
 ATCHAR, A'chiu, Achar. A condiment used 
 ia India. It is formed of green fruits of various 
 kinds, — garlic, ginger, mustard, and pimento, 
 pickled in vinegai'. 
 
 ATECNIA, Sterilitas. 
 
 ATELECTASIS, from arcXvs, 'imperfect, de- 
 fective,' and cKTaais, ' dilatation.' Imperfect ex- 
 pansion or dilatation ; as in 
 
 Atelec'tasis Pulmo'xi'm, Pneumonatelec'ta- 
 eh, Pneumatelec'tasis. Imperfect expansion of 
 the lungs at birth, from artXris, 'imperfect,' and 
 Mrao-tf, 'dilatation.' Giving rise to Cyano'sis 
 2)'-ilmona'lis. 
 
 AT'ELES, a-£>?;f, 'imperfect, defective.' — 
 Hence, 
 
 ATELOCHEI'LIA, from art^rj?, 'imperfect,' 
 ani x^i-^o^y 'lip.' A malformation which con- 
 sists in an imperfect development of the lip. 
 
 ATELOENCEPHAL'IA,.,from areym, 'imper- 
 fect,' and cyKKpaXov, 'the encephalon.' State of 
 hnperfect development of the brain. — Andral. 
 
 ATELOGLOS'SIA, from artMs, 'imperfect,' 
 and yXucro-a, 'tongue.' A malformation which 
 consists in an imperfect development of the 
 tongue. 
 
 ATELOGJTA'THIA. from artX)??, 'imperfect,' 
 and yi'aOoj, 'the jaw.' A malformation which 
 consists in an imperfect development of the jaw. 
 
 ATELOMYEL'IA, from aTsXrig, 'imperfect,' 
 and fivsXoi, ' marrow. State of imperfect deve- 
 lopment of the spinal marrow. — Beclard. 
 
 ATELOPROSO'PIA, from aTcXr;?, 'imperfect,' 
 and Trpoiru>-ov, 'the face.' A malformation which 
 consists in imperfect development of the face. 
 
 ATELORACHIDIA, Hvdrorachis. 
 
 ATELOSTOM'IA, from artX-;?, 'imperfect,' 
 ani (rrofta, 'mouth.' One whose mouth is im- 
 perfectly developed. 
 
 ATER SUCCUS, Atrabilis. 
 
 ATHAMAN'TA, from Athamas, a place in 
 Thessaly. A genus of plants. 
 
 Athamanta Axnua, a. Cretensis. 
 
 Athaman'ta Aureoseli'num, Oreoseli'nmn, 
 0. lerjit'imum sen nigrum, Seli'num oreoseli'num, 
 Peuced'anum oreoseli'num, Apiiim monta'num, 
 Black ^fountain Parsley, (F.) Persil de 3Ion- 
 tagne. The plant, seed and roots, are ai'omatic. 
 It has been considered att«nuant, aperient, deob- 
 
 struent, and lithontripic. The distiUed oil iiaa 
 been used in toothach. 
 
 Athaman'ta Creten'sis seu Creti'ca, A. an'~ 
 nua, Lihano'tis annua seu Creten'sis seu hiraii'taf 
 Daucus Oreticus; D. Candia'nvs, Myrrhis an'nua. 
 Candy Carrot. The seeds of this plant are acrid 
 and aromatic. They have been used as carmina- 
 tives and diuretics. 
 
 Athamanta Macedonica, Bubon Macedoni- 
 cum — a. Meum, .ffithusa meum. 
 
 ATHANASIA, Tanacetum. 
 
 Athana'sia, from a, privative, and ^avaroq, 
 ' death.' An antidote for diseases of the liver, 
 jaundice, gravel, <fcc. It consisted of saffron, 
 cinnamon, lavender, cassia, myrrh, juucus odo- 
 ratus, honey, <£c., and was esteemed to be sudo- 
 rific. 
 
 ATHARA, Athera. 
 
 ATHELAS'MUS, from a, privative, and Bn\>i, 
 ' a breast or nipple.' Impracticability of giving 
 suck ; from want of nipple or otherwise. 
 
 ATHELXIS, Sucking. 
 
 ATHE'NA. Name of a plaster, recommended 
 by Asclepiades, and composed of oxide of copper, 
 sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac, verdigris, 
 gall nuts, and a variety of resinous and other in- 
 gredients. — Oribasius, Aetius, and P. ^gineta, 
 
 ATHENIO'NIS CATAPO'TIUM. A pill, 
 composed of myrrh, pepper, castor, and opium ; 
 used to allay coughing. — Celsus. 
 
 ATHE'RA, Atha'ra, from adiip, 'an ear of 
 corn.' A kind of pap for children : also, a kind 
 of liniment. — Dioscorides, Pliny. 
 
 ATHERAPEUTUS, Incurable. 
 
 ATHERO'MA, from a^vpa, ' pap or pulp,' En- 
 phy'ina encys'tis athero'ma, Mollus'cvm, Pidta'tio, 
 A tumour formed by a cyst containing matter 
 like pap or Bovillie. 
 
 ATHEROM'ATOUS, Atlieromato'des. Having 
 the nature of Atheroma. 
 
 ATHLE'TA, from a^\oi, 'combat.' Athletfe 
 were men who exercised themselves in combat 
 at the public festivals. — Yitruvius. 
 
 ATHLET'IO, Athlet'icns; concerning AthletcB.. 
 Strong in muscular powers. — Foesius. 
 
 ATHORACOCEPHALUS. Acephalogaster. . 
 
 ATHRIX, At'riehiis ; from a, privative, and 
 dpi^, rpty^os, 'hair.' Bald. One who has lost his 
 hair. 
 
 Athrix Depilis, Alopecia. 
 
 ATHYM'IA, An'imi defec'tus et anxi'etas, 
 An'imi demis'sio, Tristit"ia, Mceror, Lype, from 
 a, priv., and ^v/xos, 'heart,' 'courage.' Des- 
 pondency. The prostration of spirits often ob- 
 servable in the sick. — Hippocrates. Melancholy, 
 — Swediaur. See Panophobia. 
 
 Athymia Pleonectica, see Pleoneetica. 
 
 ATHYRION, As.plenium ceterach. 
 
 ATHYRIUM FILIX F(EMINA, Asplenium 
 filix fcemina — a. Filix mas, Polypodium filix mas 
 — a. Molle, Asplenium filix fcemina — a. Ovatum, 
 Asplenium filix fcemina — a. Trifidum, A ^pltuium 
 filix fcemina. 
 
 ATLANTAD, see Atlantal. 
 
 ATLAjST'TAL; same etymon as Atlaj. Re^ 
 lating or appertaining to the atlas. 
 
 Atlantal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 region where the atlas is situated. — Barclay. 
 Atlantad is used by the same writer to signify 
 ' towards the atlantal aspect.' 
 
 Atlantal Extremities. The upper liu'bs. 
 
 ATLANTION, Atlas. 
 
 ATLAS, Ailan'tion, from arXaiii, 'I sustain. 
 The first cervical i-er'tebra ; so called, from its 
 supporting the whole weight of the head, aj* 
 Atlas is said to have supported the globe on his 
 shoulders. Chaussier calls it Atloid, This ver- 
 
ATLOIDO-AXOID 
 
 114 
 
 ATROPA 
 
 tebra in no respect resembles the others. It is 
 a kind of irregular ring, into which, anteriorly, 
 the processus dentatus of the second vertebra is 
 received. Posteriorly, it gives passage to the 
 medulla spinalis. 
 
 ATLOID'O-AXOID, (P.) AtloUo-axoidien. 
 Relating to both the Atlas and the Axis- or Ver- 
 tebra Dcntata. 
 
 Atloido-axoid Articulation. The articula- 
 tion between the first two cervical vertebrae. 
 
 Atloido-Axoid Lig'aments. These are two 
 in number; one anterior and another iwsterior, 
 passing between the two vertebrae. 
 
 ATLOID'O-OCCIP'ITAL. Relating to the 
 atlas and occiput. The Atloido-occip'ital Arti- 
 cula'tion is formed by the condyles of the occi- 
 pital bone and the superior articular surfaces of 
 the Atlas. The Atlo'ido-oceijntal muscle is the 
 Rectus capitis posticus minor. 
 
 A TL OIB 0-SO US-MASTOlDIEN, Obliquus 
 superior oculi — a. Sous-occiintale, Rectus capitis 
 lateralis. 
 
 ATMIATRI'A, Atmidiat'rice, from ar^os, 'va- 
 pour,' and larpua, 'treatment.' Treatment of 
 diseases by fumigation. 
 
 ATMIDIATRICE, Atmiatria. 
 
 ATMISTERIOjST, Vaporarium. 
 
 ATM OS, Breath. 
 
 AT'MOSPHERE, Atmospha'ra, from arixo;, 
 'vapour,' and aipai^a, 'a sphere:' — as it were, 
 Sphere of vapours. The atmosphere is a sphe- 
 rical mass of air, surrounding the earth in every 
 part; the height of which is estimated at 15 or 
 16 leagues. It presses on the surface of the 
 eartli, and this pressure has, necessarilj', sensible 
 effects on organized bodies. The surface of the 
 human body being reckoned at 15 square feet, it 
 is computed that a pressure of 33,000 pounds or 
 more exists under ordinary circumstances ; and 
 this pressure cannot be increased or diminished 
 materially, without modifying the circulation and 
 all the functions. 
 
 ATMOSPHERIZATIOK", Htematosis. 
 
 ATOCIA, Sterilitis. 
 
 ATOL'MIA, from a, priv., and ro\jia, 'confi- 
 dence.' Want of confidence; discouragement. 
 A state of mind, unfavourable to health, and in- 
 jurious in disease. It is the antithesis -of Eu- 
 tol'mia. 
 
 ATONIA, Atony — a. Ventriculi, Gasterasthe- 
 nia. 
 
 AT'ONT, Aton'ia, Infir'mitaa et Eemis'sio vi'- 
 rium, Languor, Lax'itas, from a, priv., and tovo;, 
 ' tone,' ' force.' Want of tone. Weakness of 
 every organ, and particularly of those that are 
 contractile. Violent gastritis has been described 
 by Scribonius Largus under a similar name, 
 Atovuv, At'onon. 
 
 ATRABIL'IARY, AtraliV ioua, AtrahlUa'ris, 
 Atrnbilio'aus, from ater, 'black,' and hilis, 'bUe.' 
 An epithet given by the ancients to the melan- 
 cholic and hypochondriac, because they believed 
 the Atrabilis to predominate in such. 
 
 Atrabiliary Capsules, Arteries and Veins. 
 The renal capsules, arteries and veins ; the for- 
 mation of Atrabilis having been attributed to 
 them. 
 
 ATRABI'LIS, same etymon, Ater svccus, 
 lilaek Bile or melancholy. According to the an- 
 cients, a thick, black, acrid humour, secreted, in 
 the opinion of some, by the pancreas; in that 
 of others, by the supra-renal capsules. Ilippo- 
 ••rsxtes, Galen, Aetius, and others, ascribe great 
 influence to the Atrabilis in the production of 
 hypochondriasis, melancholy, and mania. There 
 Ih really no such humour. It was au imaginary 
 cT'jatioc — ,\rpt£cus, Rufus of Ephesus, &e. 
 
 ATRACHELOCEPH'ALUS, from a, priv., 
 
 T(ia')(ri\oi, 'neck,' and Kti^aKr], 'head.' A monster 
 whose neck is partially or wholly deficient. 
 
 ATRACHE'LUS. Same etymon. One who is 
 very short-necked. — Galen. 
 
 ATRAC 'TYLIS GUMMIF'ERA, Oar'dmia 
 pi'ne^is, Ixine, Gummy-rooted Atractylia, Pine 
 Thistle. The root, when wounded, yields a. 
 milky, viscid juice, which concretes into tena- 
 cious masses, and is said to be chewed with the 
 same views as mastich. 
 
 ATRAGENE, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 ATRAMEN'TUM, A. Suto'rium, Ink, Calcan'^ 
 thon, (F.) Enere. It has been advised as an as- 
 tringent, and as an external application in her- 
 petic aff'ections. 
 
 Atramentum Sutorium, Ferri sulphas. 
 
 ATRESIA, Adherence, Imp erf oration. See 
 Monster. 
 
 Atre'sia Ani Abna'ta, Anus Imperfora'tus, 
 Imperfora'tio ani, (F.) Imperforation de I'anus. 
 Congenital imperforation of the intestinal canal. 
 
 ATRETISMUS, Imperforation. 
 
 ATRETOCEPH'ALUS, from aTpvroi, 'imper- 
 forate,' and KetpaXt^, 'head.' A monster, in which 
 some of the natural apertures of the head are 
 wanting. — Gurlt. 
 
 ATRETOCOR'MUS, from arpvTo;, 'imperfo- 
 rate,' and Kopiios, 'trunk.' A monster in. which 
 the natural apertures of the trunk are wanting, — 
 Gurlt. 
 
 ATRE'TUS, from a, priv., and Tpa(a, 'I per- 
 forate.' Imperfora'tus, Imperforate. One whose 
 anus, or parts of generation, are imperforate, 
 (aproc'tus). 
 
 AT'RICES. Small tumours, which appear oc- 
 casionally around the anus. Some commentators 
 consider the word to be synonymous with con- 
 dylomata.— Forestus. 
 
 ATRICHIA, Alopecia. 
 
 ATRICHUS, Athrix. 
 
 AT'RICI. Small sinuses in the vicinity of the 
 anus, not penetrating the rectum. 
 
 ATRIPLEX FCETIDA, Chenopodium vul- 
 varia. 
 
 Ateiplex Horten'sis, A. Sati'va, (F.) Ar- 
 roche, Bonne Dame. The herb and seed of this 
 plant have been exhibited as antiscorbutics. 
 
 At'i-ijilex al'imus, A. Portulaco'i'des, and A. 
 Pat'ula, ai-e used as pickles, and have similar 
 properties. 
 
 At'riplex Mexicana, Chenopodium ambro- 
 sioides — a. Odorata, Chenopodium botrys — a» 
 Olida, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER, Sinus dexter 
 cordis — a. Cordis sinistrum, Sinus pulmonalis — 
 a. Vaginae, Vestibulum. 
 
 AT'ROPA, from Arpoiro;, 'immutable,' 'the 
 goddess of destiny;' so called from its fatal 
 effects. 
 
 Atropa Belladon'na, Belladon'na, B. bnn- 
 cif'era seu triehot'oma, Deadly Nightshade, Soln'- 
 num letha'le, Sola'num mani'acnm, S. Furio'snm. 
 Sola'num melunocer'aens, (F.) Belladone, Morellc 
 fwriense, Belle Dame. JVat. Ord. Solaneas. Se.c. 
 Syst. Totrandria Monogynia. The leaves — Bel- 
 ladonna (Ph. U. S.) are powerfully narcotic, and 
 also diaphoretic, and diuretic. They are occ:i- 
 sionnlly used where narcotics are indicated. 
 Sprinkling the powdered leaves over cancerous 
 sores has been found to allay the pain ; and the 
 leaves form a good poultice. Dose, gr. ^ to gr. j 
 of the powdered leaves. 
 
 Athopa IMandrag'ora, Mandrag'ora, M. ver~ 
 na'Hs seu offichia'b's seu acau'lis, Circa'a, Anthro- 
 pomorp'i'us^ Malum tcrrts'tre, Mandralu. The 
 
ATROPHIA 
 
 115 
 
 AUDITORY 
 
 boiled root has been used in tbe form of poultice 
 in indolent swellings. 
 
 ATROPHIA, Atrophy, Tabes — a. Ablaetato- 
 rum, Brash, weaning — a. Cerebri, Phrenatrophia 
 — a. Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a. Glandula- 
 ris, Tabes mesenterica — a. Hepatis, Hepatatro- 
 phia — a. Infantum, P«datrophia, Tabes mesen- 
 terica — a. Intestinorum, Enteratrophia. 
 
 Atrophia Lactan'tium, Tahes nutri'ciim seu 
 lac' tea. The atrophy of nursing women. 
 
 Atrophia Lienis, Splenatrophia — a. Mesen- 
 terica, Tabes mesenterica — a. Testiculi, Orchida- 
 trophia, 
 
 A TR OP HIE, Atrophy — a. Mesenteriqiie,Tahes 
 mesenterica. 
 
 ATROPHIED, see Atrophy. 
 AT'ROPHY, Maras'mus Atro'phia, Afro'phia 
 Maras'mus, Ma'cies, Oontabescen'tia, Tabes, Mar- 
 co'res, Analo'sis, from a, privative, and rpocpri, 
 'nourishment.' [~E .) Atrophic, Dessechement. Pro- 
 gressive and morbid diminution in the bulk of 
 the whole body or of a part. Atrophy is gene- 
 rally symptomatic. Any tissue or organ thus 
 affected is said to be atrophied. 
 
 Atrophy op the Heart, see Heart, atrophy 
 of the. 
 
 AT'ROPINE, Atropi'na, Atro'pia, Atro'pium, 
 Atropi'num, (P.) Atropine. The active principle 
 of Atropa Belladonna, separated by Brandes, by 
 a process similar to that for procuring morphia. 
 ATTACHE, Insertion. 
 
 ATTACK, Insul'tus, Asstd'ttis, Irrep'tio, Inva'- 
 gio, Eis'hole, Lepisis, (F.) Attaque. A sudden 
 attack, invasion or onset of a disease. A seizure. 
 ATTAGAS, Attagen. 
 
 AT'TAGEN, At'tagas, the Fran'colin. Cele- 
 brated with the ancients both as food and medi- 
 cine. — Martial, Aristophanes. 
 
 ATTANCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A mineral water in France, at Attancourt, in 
 Champagne ; about three leagues north of Join- 
 villo. The water is a chalybeate, and contains 
 sulphate of lime. In large doses it is purgative. 
 ATTAQUE, Attack — a. dea Nerfs, Nervous 
 attack. 
 
 ATTELLE, Splint. 
 
 ATTENOTING, MINERAL "WATERS OF, 
 in Bavaria. The water contains carbonic acid, 
 carbonates of lime and soda, sulphates of lime 
 and magnesia, chloride of sodium, iron, and alum. 
 It is much used in skin diseases, fistula, old ul- 
 cers, calculi, and hemorrhoids. 
 
 ATTEN'UANTS, Attenuan' tia, Leptun'tica, 
 (F.) Leptontiques, from tenuis, 'thin.' Medicines 
 which augment the fluidity of the humours. 
 
 ATTENUA'TION, Attenua'tio; same etymon. 
 Thinness, emaciation. A term used by the ho- 
 mceopathists in the sense of dilution or division 
 of remedies into infinitesimal doses. 
 ATTIRANT, Attrahent. 
 
 AT'TITUDE, Situs Cor'poris. Low Latin, 
 aptitudo; from Latin aptare, 'to fit.' Situation, 
 position of the body. The attitudes are the dif- 
 ferent postures which man is capable of assum- 
 ing. In General Pathology, the attitude will 
 often enable the physician to pronounce at once 
 upon the character of a disease, or it will aid him 
 materially in his judgment. In St. Vitus's dance, 
 in fractures, luxations, &c., it is the great index. 
 It will also indicate the degree of nervous or 
 cerebral power ; hence the sinking down in bed 
 is an evidence of great cerebral debility in fever. 
 The position of a patient during an operation is 
 also an interesting subject of attention to the 
 surgeon. 
 
 ATTOL'LENS AUREM, Attol'lena Auric'idcB, 
 Leva'tor Anris, Supe'rior Auris, Attol'lens Au- 
 ric'ulam, Auricula' ris supe'rior, (F.) Auricidaire 
 eujpirieur, Temporo-auriculaire. A muscle of 
 
 the ear, which arises, thin, broad, and tendinons, 
 from the tendon of the occipito-frontalis, and is 
 inserted into the upper part of the ear, opposite 
 to the anti-helix. It raises the ear. 
 
 Attollens Oculi, Rectus superior ocuU — a- 
 Oculum, Rectus superior oculi. 
 
 ATTOUGHEMENT, Masturbation. 
 
 ATTRACTION OF AGGREGATION, Cohe- 
 sion, force of 
 
 ATTRACTIVUM, see Magnet. 
 
 ATTRACTIVUS, Attrahent. 
 
 ATTRACTORIUS, Attrahent. 
 
 ATTRAHENS AURICULAM, Anterior auris. 
 
 AT'TRAHENT, At'trahens, Attracti'vus, At- 
 tracto' rius, from ad, ' to,' and traho, ' I draw.' 
 (F.) Attractif, Attirant. Remedies are so called, 
 which attract fluids to the parts to which they 
 are applied, as blisters, rubefacients, &c. 
 
 ATTRAPE-LOURDAUT, (F.) A bistoury 
 invented by a French surgeon, called Biennaise. 
 and used in the operation for hernia. See Bis-- 
 touri cache. 
 
 ATTRITA, Chafing. 
 
 ATTRITIO, Attrition, Chafing. 
 
 ATTRIT"ION, Attrif'io, Ecthlim'ma, from 
 ad, and terere, ' to bruise.' Friction or bruising. 
 Chafing. — Galen. Also, a kind of cardialgia, — 
 Sennertus. Likewise, a violent contusion. 
 
 ATTRITUS, Chafing. 
 
 ATYP'IC, Atyp'icus, At'ypos, from a, priva- 
 tive, and TUTTOf, ' type.' That which has no type. 
 Irregular. Chiefly applied to an irregular inter- 
 mittent, — Febria atypica. 
 
 ATYPOS, Erratic. 
 
 AUANSIS, Drying. 
 
 AUAN'TE, Ana2)'se, from avavai^, 'desicca- 
 tion.' Hippocrates gave this name to a disease, 
 the principal symptom of which was emaciation. 
 Atrophy. 
 
 AUBE^-VIGNE, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 AUBEPINE, Mespilus oxyaeantha. 
 
 AUBERGINE, Solanum Melongena, 
 
 A UBIFOIN, Cyanus segetum. 
 
 AUCHEN, CoUum. 
 
 AUCHENORRHEUMA, Torticollis. 
 
 AUCHE'TICUS, from avxnv, 'the neck.' Oes 
 affected with stiif neck or torticollis. 
 
 AUDE, Voice. 
 
 AUDINAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Au- 
 dinac is situate in the department of Arriege, 
 France. The water contains a small quantity 
 of sulphohydrio acid, carbonic acid, sulphates of 
 lime and magnesia, carbonates of lime and iron, 
 and a bituminous substance. Temp. 67° Fahr. 
 It is much used in chronic rheumatism, herpes, 
 scrofulous diseases, <fec. 
 
 AUDIT"ION, from axidire, 'to hear;' 
 Audit"io, Audi'tus, A'coe, Acre' ama, Acro'aiis, 
 Acoe'sis, Acu'sis. Hearing. The act of hearing, 
 The sensation arising from an impression made 
 on the auditory nerves by the vibrations of the 
 air, produced by a sonorous body. The physi- 
 ology of Audition is obscure. It probably takes 
 place : — 1. By the vibrations being communicated 
 from the membrana tympani along the chain of 
 small bones to the membrane of the foramen 
 ovale. 2. By means of the air in the cavity of 
 the tympanum, the membrane of the foramen 
 rotundum is agitated. 3. The transmission miiV 
 be made by means of the bony parietes. In 
 these three ways the vibrations picduced by a 
 sonorous body may reach the auditory nerve. 
 Audition may be active or passive : hence the 
 difference between listening and simply kearino 
 
 AU'DITORY, Audito'rius, Avditi'vus, Actis'- 
 ticus. That which relates to audition. 
 
 Auditory Arteries and Veins, at a vessels 
 which enter the auditory canals, and axe, Uta 
 
auge 
 
 116 
 
 AURICULAE 
 
 ttem, distinguislied into internal and external. 
 The external auditory artery, A. Tympaniqiie — 
 (Ch.) is given off by the stj'loid, a branch of the 
 external carotid : the internal is a branch of the 
 basUary artery, which accompanies the auditory 
 nerve, and is distributed to it. The Auditory 
 Veins empty into the internal and external ju- 
 gulars. 
 
 Auditory Canal, External, Ifea'tvs andito'- 
 rius exter'nus, Alvea'rium, Scajjha, Scaphus, (F.) 
 Conduit audit!/ externe, Conduit auriculaire, 
 commences at the bottom of the concha, at the 
 Fora'men auditi'vum exter'num, passes inwards, 
 forwards, and a little downwards, and terminates 
 at the membrana tympani. It is partly cartilagi- 
 nous, partly osseous, and partly fibrous. 
 
 Auditory Canal. Internal, Mea'tvs audito'- 
 rius inter'nus, Porus seu Sinus acus'ticus, Cyar, 
 (F.) Conduit auditif interne, G. labyrinthique, is 
 situate in the posterior surface of the pars pe- 
 trosa of the temporal bone. From the Fora'men 
 auditi'vum inter'num, where it commences, it 
 passes forwards and outwards, and terminates 
 by a kind of cul-de-sac, mac'ula crihro'sa, perfo- 
 rated by many holes, one of which is the orifice 
 bf the Aquajductus Fallopiij and the others com- 
 municate with the labyrinth. 
 
 Auditory I^erve, Nerf labyrinthique — (Ch.) 
 is the Portio Mollis of the seventh pair. It 
 arises from the coi-pus restiforme, from the floor 
 of the fourth ventricle, and by means of white 
 strisB, from the sides of the calamus seriptorius. 
 As it leaves the encephalon, it forms a flattened 
 cord, and proceeds with the facial nerve through 
 the foramen auditivum internum, and as far as 
 the bottom of the meatus, where it separates from 
 the facial, and divides into two branches, one 
 going to the cochlea, the cocTdear ; the other to 
 the vestibule and semi-circular canals, the vesti- 
 bular. _ 
 
 AUGE, Al'veus. Some of the older anatomists 
 gave this name to a reservoir, into which liquids 
 flow in an interrupted manner, so that it is alter- 
 nately full and empty. Such are the ventricles 
 and auricles of the heart. 
 
 AUGMENTA'TION, from aw^rerc, 'to increase;' 
 Augrnen' turn, Incremen'tmn, Anab'asis, Auc'tio, 
 Auxis, Progres'sio, Progres'sns, Auxe'sis. The 
 stage of a disease in which the symptoms go on 
 increasing. 
 
 AULISCUS, Canula. See Fistula. 
 
 AULOS, Canula, Fistula. See Vagina, and 
 Foramen. 
 
 AUMALE, MrNERAL WATERS OF. Au- 
 male is a town of Upper Normandy, in the coun- 
 try of Caux. Several springs of ferruginous 
 mineral waters are found there, whose odour is 
 Ijenetrating, and taate rough and astringent. 
 They are tonic, and employed in debility of the 
 viscera, <fec. 
 
 AUNE^ NOIRE, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 AUNJEE, Inula helenium — a. Bysenterique, 
 Inula dysenterica. 
 
 AURA, Pno'e. A vapour or emanation from 
 any body, surrounding it like an atmosphere. 
 Van Helmont regarded the vital principle as a 
 gas and volatile spkit, which he called Aura 
 vitalis. 
 
 In Pathology, Aura means the sensation of a 
 light vapour, which, in some diseases, appears 
 to set out from the trunk or limbs ; and to rise 
 towards the head. This feeling has been found 
 to precede attacks of epilepsy and hysteria, and 
 bence it has been called Aura Epileji'tica, and 
 A. hyster' ica. 
 
 AuEA San'guinis. Theodour exhaled by blood 
 newly dr.awn. See Gaz Sanguinis. 
 
 AVRA Sem'lnis, a. semina'lis, Spir'itus geni- 
 
 ta'lis : — A volatile principle fancied to exist in 
 the sperm, and regarded by some as the fecun • 
 dating agent. Such is not the case. 
 Aura Vitalis, Vital principle. 
 AURAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
 Otiatria. 
 AURANCUM, see Ovum. 
 AURANITE, see Agaric. 
 AURAN'TIA CURASSAVEN'TIA, Cnrasso'a 
 apples or oranges. Immature oranges, checked, 
 by accident, in their growth. They are a grate- 
 ful, aromatic bitter, devoid of acidity. Infused 
 in wine or brandy they make a good stomachic. 
 They are also used for issue peas. 
 
 AuRAXTiA Curassavica, sec Citrus aurantium 
 — a. Poma, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 AuRANTii Cortex, see Citrus aurantium. 
 AURANTIUM, Citrus aurantium. 
 AURELIANA CANADENSIS, Panax quin- 
 quefolium. 
 AUREOLA. Areola. 
 
 AURI CHLORETUM CUM CHLORETO 
 NATPtll, see Gold— a. Chloridum, Gold, muriate 
 of — a. Chloretum, Gold, muriate of- — a. Cyanidum, 
 see Gold^^ — a. Cyanuretuni, see Gold — a. lodidum, 
 see Gold — a. loduretum, see Gold — a. et Natri 
 chloruretum, see Gold — a. Murias, Gold, muriate 
 of — a. Nitro-murias, see Gold — a. Oxidum, see 
 Gold — a. Terchloridum, see Gold — a. Tercyani- 
 dum, see Gold — a. Teroxidum, see Gold. 
 AURICHALCUM, Brass. 
 
 AURICLE, Auric'vla, (F.) Aurieule, Oricule. 
 Diminutive of avris, an ear. The auricle of the 
 ear. See Pavilion. 
 
 Auricles of the Heart, Cavita'tes innomi- 
 va'tcB, (F.) Oreillettes, are two cavities; one 
 right, the other left, each communicating with 
 the ventricle of its side. These two cavities re- 
 ceive the blood from every part of the body. 
 Into the right auricle, the two venas cavse and 
 coronary vein open : into the left, the four pul- 
 monary veins. Chaussier calls the former the 
 Sinus of the VencB Cavce : — the latter, the Sinus 
 of the Pulmonary Veins. The foliated or dog's 
 ear portion of each auricle is called Appen'dix 
 anric'vla. See Sinus. 
 
 Auricula Jud^, Peziza auricula — a. Muris, 
 Hieracium Pilosellar-r-a. Muris major, Hieracium 
 murorum. 
 
 AURICULAIRE, see Digitus— a. Postfrievr, 
 
 Retrahens auris — a. Superieur, Attollens aurem. 
 
 AUPtlC'ULAR, Auricida'ris, Oric'tdar, from 
 
 auricida, ' the ear.' That which belongs to the 
 
 ear, especially to the external ear. 
 
 AURIC'ULAR Ar'tERIES AND VeINS, Oricu- 
 
 laires — (Ch.), are divided into anterior and pos- 
 terior. The anterior are of indeterminate num- 
 ber. They arise from the temporal artery, and 
 are distributed to the meatus auditorius externus, 
 and to the pavilion of the ear. The posterior 
 auricular is given off by the external carotid, 
 from which it separates in the substance of the 
 parotid gland. When it reaches the inferior part 
 of the pavilion of the ear it bifurcates ; one of its 
 branches being distributed to the inner surface 
 of the pavilion, the other passing over the mas- 
 toid process, and being distributed to the tempo- 
 ral and posterior auris muscles, &c. Before its 
 bifurcation it gives off the stylo-mastoid artery. 
 The Anterior and Posterior Auricular Veins open 
 into the temporal and external jugular. 
 
 Auricular Finger, (F.) Doigt uurievlaire, is 
 the little finger, so called because, owing to its 
 size, it can be more readily introduced into the 
 meatus auditorius. 
 
 Auricular Nerves are several. 1. The au- 
 ricular branch, Zygomato-auricxdar, is one of 
 the ascending branches of the cervical plexus. 
 
AURICULAEIA SAMBUCI 
 
 iir 
 
 AUTOPHONIA 
 
 It ramifies and spreads over the two surfaces of 
 the pavilion. 2. The auricular or superficial 
 temporal, Temporal-cutaneous — (Ch.) is given off 
 from the inferior maxillary. It ascends between 
 the condyle of the jaw and the meatus auditorius 
 externus, sends numerous filaments to the meatus 
 and pavilion, and divides into two twigs, which 
 accompany the branches of the temporal artery, 
 and are distributed to the integuments of the 
 head. There is also a posterior auricular fur- 
 nished by the facial. 
 
 AURICULARIA SAMBUCI, Peziza auricula. 
 
 AURICULARIS ANTERIOR, Anterior auris 
 — a. Superior, Attollens aurem. 
 
 AURICULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear. 
 
 A U R I C ' U L -VENTRIC UL AR, Auric' tilo- 
 ventricula'ris. That which belongs to the auri- 
 cles and ventricles of the heart. The communi- 
 cations between the auricles and ventricles are 
 so called. The Tricuspid and Mitral Valves are 
 auriculo-ventricular valves. 
 
 AURI'GA. A species of bandage for the ribs, 
 described by Galen. See, also. Liver. 
 
 AURIGrO, Icterus — a. Neophytorum, Icterus 
 Infantum. 
 
 AURIPiaMENTUM, Orpiment— a. Rubrum, 
 Realgar. 
 
 AURIS, Ear. 
 
 AURISCALPIUM, Earpick. 
 
 AURISCOP'IUM, ^it'mcope, from auris, 'the 
 ear,' and <jkokcio, '1 view.' An instrument for 
 exploring the ear. 
 
 AURIST, Otia'ter, Otia'trus, Ear-doctor, Ear- 
 mtrgeon ; from aun"*, ' the ear.' One who occu- 
 pies himself chiefly with the diseases of the ear 
 and their treatment. 
 
 AURIUM FLUGTUATIO, Bombus— a. Mar- 
 morata. Cerumen — a. Sibilus, Bombus — a. Soni- 
 tus, Bombus — a. Sordes, Cerumen — a. Susui-rus, 
 Bombus. 
 
 A UR NE, Artemisia abrotanum — a. des 
 Ohamps, Artemisia campestris — a. des Jardins, 
 Artemisia abrotanum — a. Male, Artemisia abro- 
 tanum. 
 
 AURUaO, Icterus. 
 
 AURUM, Gold— a. Chloratum, Gold, mu- 
 riate of — a. Chloratum natronatum, see Gold — a. 
 Foliatum, Gold leaf — a. in Libellis, Gold leaf — a. 
 Leprosum, Antimonium — a. Limatum, see Gold 
 — a. Muriaticum, see Gold — a. Muriaticum na- 
 tronatum, see Gold. 
 
 AuRUAi Musi'vuir, Aurum Mosa'icum, Sulph'- 
 nret of Tin, Deutosulphuret or Persidphuret of 
 tin. (Quicksilver, tin, sulphur, sal ammoniac, 
 aa, equal parts. The tin being first melted, the 
 quicksilver is poured into it, and then the whole 
 are ground together, and sublimed in a bolthead. 
 The aurum musivum lies at the bottom.) It is 
 used in some empirical preparations. 
 
 AuRUif OxYDATUJr, see Gold — a. Oxydulatum 
 muriaticum. Gold, muriate of — a. Nitro-muriati- 
 cum, see Gold — a. Salitum, Gold, muriate of. 
 
 AUS'CULTATE, TO; from auscultare, 'to lis- 
 ten.' To practise auscultation. 'To ausctdt' is 
 at times used with the same signification. 
 
 AUSCULTA'TION", Ausculta'tio, Echos'cope, 
 act of listening. Buisson has used it synony- 
 mously with listening, Laennec introduced aus- 
 cultation to appreciate the different sounds which 
 can he heard in the chest, and in the diagnosis 
 of diseases of the heart, lungs, &o. This may 
 be done by the aid of an instrument called a ste- 
 thoscope, one extremity of which is applied to the 
 ear, the other to the chest of the patient. This 
 mode of examination is called Mediate Auscidta- 
 tion, (F.) Auscultation mediate, — the application 
 of the ear to the chest being immediate ausculta- 
 tioii. 
 
 The act of exploring the chest is called Stet'ho- 
 scop'ia, and Thoracoscop'ia / of the abdomen, 
 Abdominoscop'ia. 
 
 AUSCUL'TATORT, Ausndtato'rius ; AuscuV- 
 tory, Auscid'tic, (with some.) Belonging or hav- 
 ing relation to auscultation. 
 
 Auscultatory Percussion, see Acouophonia, 
 
 AUSTERE', Auste'rus. Substances which pro- 
 duce a high degree of acerb impression on the 
 organs of taste. 
 
 A US TR UCHE, Imperatoria. 
 
 AUTALGIA DOLOROSA, Neuralgia, facial. 
 Pleurodynia — a. Pruriginosa, Itching — a. Ver- 
 tigo, Vertigo. 
 
 AUTARCI'A, from awroy, 'himself,' and apxtw, 
 ' I am satisfied.' Moral tranquillity. — Galen. 
 
 AUTEMES'IA, from aurof, 'self,' and encai^, 
 ' vomiting.' Spontaneous or idiopathic vomiting. 
 — Alibert. 
 
 AUTEMPRESMUS, Combustion, human. 
 
 AUTHE'MERON. A medicine which cures 
 on the day of its exhibition; from avTos, 'the 
 same,' and 'rijiega,' ' day.' 
 
 AUTHYGIANSIS, Vis medicatrix naturte. 
 
 AUTOCHIR, Autochi'rus, Suici'da, from avro^, 
 'himself,' and x^ip, 'hand.' One who has com- 
 mitted suicide. A self-murderer or suicide. 
 
 AUTOCHIRIA, Suicide. 
 
 AUTOCINE'SIS, Motus volunta'rius, from 
 avTog, 'self,' and Kivncn, 'motion.' Voluntary 
 motion. 
 
 AUTOC'RAST, Autocrati'a, Autocrato'ria, 
 from avTos, ' himself,' and Kgarog, ' strength.' In- 
 dependent force. Action of the vital principle, 
 or of the instinctive powers towards the preser- 
 vation of the individual. See Vis Medicatrix Na- 
 turaj. Also, the vital principle, 
 
 AUTOCRATIA, Autocrasy, Vis Medicatrix 
 naturse. 
 
 AUTOCRATORIA, Autocrasy— a. Physiatriee, 
 Vis medicatrix naturje. 
 
 AUTOCTONIA, Suicide. 
 
 AUTOG"ENOUS; from avrog, 'self,' and ytv- 
 vata, ' I generate.' A term applied by Mr. Owen 
 to parts or elements that are usually developed 
 from distinct and independent centres ; as in the 
 case of the different parts or elements that form 
 a vertebra. 
 
 AUTOGONIA, Generation, equivocal. 
 
 AUTOLITHOT'OMUS, from avrog, 'himself,' 
 XiSoj, 'a stone,' and rcfivuv, 'to cut.' One who 
 operates upon himself for the stone. 
 
 AUTOMAT'IC, Automat' icus, Autom'atus, from 
 avTOjiaTo?, 'spontaneous.' That which acts of itself. 
 Those movements are called automatic, which the 
 patient executes without any object; apparently 
 without volition being exercised: — involuntary 
 motions, motus automat'ici seu autom'ati seu in- 
 voliinta'rii. 
 
 AUTOMNAL, Autumnal. 
 
 AUTONOM'lA, Vis medicatrix naturcB. The 
 word Autonomia is occasionally employed by the 
 French and Germans for the peculiar mechanism 
 of an organized body. Thus, although individu- 
 als of the same species may differ in outward con- 
 formation, their mechanism or instinctive laws, 
 (Autonomia,) may be the same. 
 
 AUTONYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 AUTOPEP'SIA, from avrog, ' self,' and irtrroj, 
 'I concoct.' Self-digestion, — as of the stomach 
 after death. 
 
 AUTOPHIA, Autopsia. 
 
 AUTOPHO'NIA, (F.) Retentissement autopho- 
 nique, from avrog, ' self,' and (ftiovv, ' roice.' An 
 auscultatory sign pointed out by M. Hourmann, 
 which consists in noting the character of the ob- 
 server's own voice, while he speaks with his head 
 placed close to the patient's chest. The voice, U 
 
AUTOPHOSPHOEUS 
 
 118 
 
 AVICULA CIPEIA 
 
 fa alleged, frill he modified by the condition of 
 tbe subjacent organs. The resonance, thus heard, 
 ho terms retentissement autophonique. This di- 
 agnostic agency Dr. R. Gr. Latham proposes to 
 term heautophon' ics. 
 AcTOPHONiA, Suicide. 
 AUTOPHOSPHORUS, Phosphorus. 
 AUTOPLAS'TIC, Autoplaa' ticua ; from avrog, 
 'self,' and irXaaTiKog, 'formative.' Relating to 
 autoplasty or plastic surgery. 
 
 AUTOPLASTICE, Morioplastice, 
 AUTOPLASTY, Morioplastice. 
 AUTOP'SIA, Au'topsy ; from avro;, 'himself,' 
 and 01^(5, 'vision.' AutopJi'ia, Antoscop'ia. In- 
 spection; examination by one's self ; self-inspec- 
 tion. Often improperly used for the folloTving : 
 
 AuTOP'siA Cadaver'ica, (F.) Autopsie ou Ou- 
 veHiire cadaverique. Attentive examination after 
 death, — Examination post mortem, Sectio Oadav'- 
 eris, Dissection, Nec'roscopy, Nec'ropsy, Necro- 
 seop'ia, Necrop'sia, Necrop'sis, — practised for 
 the purpose of investigating the causes and seat 
 of an affectioQ of which a person may have 
 died, &e. 
 
 Atjtop'sia Cadaver'ica Lega'lis, Sec'tio ca- 
 dav'eris legalis, Obduc'tio, is the examination 
 after death for medico-legal purposes. 
 AUTOPYROS, Syncomistos. 
 AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia. 
 AU'TOSITE, from avros, 'self,' and mros, 
 ' nourishment.' A single monster, capable of 
 deriving nourishment from its own proper or- 
 gans, in contradistinction to Omphalosite. 
 AUTOTHERAPIA, Vis medieatrix naturae. 
 AUTUMN, Autum'nus, Phthiropo'ron, (F.) Au- 
 tomne. One of the seasons of the year, between 
 the 28d of September and the 21st of December. 
 In all climates, the Autumn or Fall is liable to 
 disease ; a combination of local and atmospheric 
 causes being then present, favourable to its pro- 
 duction. 
 
 AUTUM'NAL; Autumna'Ua, (F.) Autom-nal. 
 Relating to Autumn^ as Autumnal Fruits, Au- 
 tumnal Fevers, <fec. 
 
 Autumnal Fever, generally assumes a bilious 
 aspect. Those of the intermittent kind are much 
 more obstinate than when they appear in the 
 spring. 
 AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase. 
 AUXIL'IARY, Auxilia'ris, from auxilium, 
 'aid.' (F.) Auxiliaire. That which assists, or 
 from which assistance is obtained. 
 
 Auxiliary Medicine is one which assists the 
 principal medicine or basis. It is synonymous 
 with Adjuvant. 
 
 Auxiliary Muscles are those which concur 
 in the same movement. Some anatomists have 
 applied the term to several ligaments, as well as 
 to the fleshy fibres, which hang from the saero- 
 epinalis muscle. 
 
 AUXILIUM, Juvans, Medicament. 
 AUXIS, Augmentation, Increase. 
 AVA, Arva, Kava. An intoxicating narcotic 
 drink, made by chewing the Piper methisticum. 
 It is much used bv the Polynesians. 
 
 AVAILLES, WATERS OF. A small village 
 in France, 13 leagues S. S. E. of Poitiers, at 
 which there is a cold saline chalybeate. It con- 
 tains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sidphate 
 and subcarbonate of soda, iron, &,c. 
 
 AVANT-BOUCHE, (F.) Os anti'cnm. This 
 name has been applied by some to the mouth, 
 properly so called — in contradistinction to the 
 Arrih-e boiiche or Pharynx. 
 A VANT-BRAS, Fore-arm. 
 AVANT-0(EUR, Scrobiculus cordis. 
 IVANT-GOUT, (F.) Pragusta'tio ; a fore- 
 taste; prsegustation. 
 
 AYANT^MAIN, (F.) Adver'sa Nanus. The 
 inside of the hand, when extended. 
 
 AVANT-PIEI), (F.) The most advanced 
 part of the foot. 
 
 AVANT-POIGNET, (F.) The anterior part 
 of the wrist. 
 
 A VELINE, Corylus avellana (nut). 
 AVELLANA, Corylus avellana — a. Cathartica, 
 Jatropha curcas. 
 
 AVE'NA, Oats, Bromos. The seeds of Ave'na 
 sati'va. Nat. Ord. Gramineee. Sex. Syst. Tri- 
 andria Digynia. (F.) Avoine. Oats are used as 
 food for man, in some parts, particularly in the 
 North of England and Scotland. When deprived 
 of the husks they form Groats. Reduced to 
 meal, — AvencB Fari'na, Oatmeal — they are ap- 
 plied as cataplasms to promote suppuration. The 
 dry meal is sprinkled over erj'sipelatous parts. 
 
 Oatmeal gruel, Water (/ruel, is prepared as fol- 
 lows : — Take of oatmeal ^ij ; soft water Oiss. 
 Rub the meal in a basin, with the back of a spoon, 
 in a moderate quantity of the water, pouring off 
 the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided, 
 but whilst the milkiness continues ; and repeat 
 the operation until no more milkiness is commu- 
 nicated to the water. Put the washings in a pan, 
 after having stirred them well, in order to sus- 
 pend any fecula, which may have subsided; and 
 boil until a soft, thick, mucilage is formed. 
 
 It is a good demulcent, and is used also as a 
 vehicle for clysters. 
 
 Atena Excorticata, Groats. 
 AVEN^ FARINA, see Avena. 
 AVENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Avenheim is three leagues from Strasbui-g : near 
 it is an aperient mineral water. 
 
 AVENNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Avenues is a village in the department of He- 
 rault in France : near it is a saline spring, the 
 temperature of which rises to 84° Fahrenheit. 
 
 AVENS, COMMON, Geum urbanum — a. 
 Water, Geum rivale — -a. White, Geum Virgini- 
 anum. 
 
 AVERICH, Sulphur. 
 
 AVERRHO'A BILIM'BI, BiUm'li, JSilimling 
 teres. An Indian tree, which has a fruit that is 
 too acid to be eaten alone. It is used as a con- 
 diment, and in the form of syrup as a refrige- 
 rant. 
 
 Averrho'a Caram'bola, called after Aver- 
 rhoes ; 3Ialiim Coen'se, Prunum stella'tum, Tain'- 
 ara, Conga, Caram'holo. An Indian tree, whose 
 fruits are agreeably acid. The bark, bruised, is 
 employed as a cataplasm, and its fruit is used as 
 a refrigerant in bilious fever and dj'sentery. 
 
 AVER'SION, Aver'sio, Ajiot'rope; from arcr- 
 tere, (a and vertere) 'to turn from.' Extreme 
 repugnance for any thing whatever. 
 
 AVERSION', (F.)also means, in therapeutics, 
 the action of medicines which turn the afflux of 
 fluids from one organ, and direct them to others; 
 being synonymous with eounter -irritation, or 
 rather revulsion or derivation. 
 
 AVER TIN, (F.) A disease of the mind, 
 which, according to Lavoisien, renders the pa- 
 tient obstinate and furious. 
 AVEUGLE, Crecus. 
 
 AVEUGLEMENT, Cajcitas — a. de Jour, 
 Nj'ctalopia — a. de Niiit, Henieralopia. 
 
 AVICEN'NIA TOMENTO'SA, A. Africa'na 
 seu resinif'era seu nit'ida, Bon'tia gerhninans, 
 called after Avicenna. The plant which aSbrds 
 the JIalac'cu Bean or Anacar'dium Orienta'le of 
 the Pharmacopoeias, Semecar'pus Anacar' dium. 
 The oil drawn from the bark of the fruit is a cor- 
 rosive, and active vesicatory, but it is not used. 
 AVICULA CIPRIA, Pastil— a. Margaritifera, 
 see Pearl. 
 
AYOm 
 
 119 
 
 AZTGOUS 
 
 AVOIN, Avena. 
 
 AVORTEMENT, Abortion. 
 
 AVOBTER, to Abort. 
 
 AVORTIN, Abortion. 
 
 AVORTON, Abortion. 
 
 AVULSIO, Arrachement. 
 
 AVULSION", Evulsion. 
 
 AX, MINERAL WATERS OF. As is a 
 small town in the department of Arriege, France; 
 where there are several sulphurous springs, the 
 temperature of which varies from 77° to 162° of 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 AXE, Axis — a. de V CEU, Axis of the eye. 
 
 AX'EA COMMISSU'RA, TrochoV des. A 
 pivot-joint. See Trochoid. 
 
 AXIL'LA, Ala, Aseel'la, Assel'la, Ascil'la, 
 Acel'la, Cordis emuneto'rium, Male, Hijpo'mia, 
 Fo'vea axilla'ris, Alas'chale, Ifas'chalis, (F.) 
 Aisselle. The cavity beneath the junction of 
 the arm with the shoulder; the armpit; (F.) 
 Oreux de I' Aisselle. It is bounded, anteriorly, 
 by a portion of the pectoralis major; posteriorly, 
 by the latissimus dorsi. It is covered with hair, 
 contains much areolar membrane, lymphatic 
 ganglions, important vessels and nerves, and 
 numerous sebaceous follicles, furnishing an odor- 
 ous secretion. In consequence of such secretion, 
 the ancients called it emuneto'rium cordis. 
 
 AX'ILLARY, Maschalia'us, (F.) Axillaire, 
 from axilla, 'the armpit.' Belonging to the 
 armpit. 
 
 Axillary Artery, Arte'ria axilla'ris ; a con- 
 tinuation of the subclavian, extending from the 
 passage of the latter between the sealeni muscles 
 as far as the insertion of the pectoralis major, 
 ■when it takes the name oi Rractial. 
 
 Axillary Glands are lymphatic glands seated 
 in the armpit; into which the lymphatic glands 
 of the upper extremity open. 
 
 Axillary Nerve, Scap'ulo-hu'meral (Ch.), 
 Kerf circonjlexe, Artic'ular nerve; arises from the 
 posterior part of the brachial plexus, particularly 
 from the last two cervical pairs and the first 
 dorsal. It is chiefly distributed to the posterior 
 margin of the deltoid. 
 
 Axillary Vein, Vena Axilla'ris, Vena Si(ba- 
 la'ris. This vein corresponds with the artery ; 
 anterior to which it is situate. It is a continua- 
 tion of the brachial veins ; and, at its termination, 
 assumes the name Subclavian. 
 
 AXINE, Ascia. 
 
 AXIRNACH. An Arabic word, used by Al- 
 bucasis to designate a fatty tumour of the upper 
 eyelid, observed particularly in children. 
 
 AXIS, Axon, (F.) Axe. A right line which 
 passes through the centre of a body. 
 
 Axis, Cerebro-Spinal, see Encephalon — a. 
 of the Cochlea, Modiolus — a. Cylinder of Nerve, 
 see Nerve fibre — a. Coeliac, Coeliac artery. 
 
 Axis -OF the Eye, (F.) Axe de I'oeil, called 
 also, Vis'ual Axis and Optic Axis, is a right line, 
 which falls perpendicularly on the eye, and passes 
 through the centre of the pupil. 
 
 Axis, H^mal, Aorta — a. Neural, see Ence- 
 phalon. 
 
 Axis, is also the second vertebra of the neck, 
 Axon, Epiistroph'eus, Epis'trophus, Ifaschalister : 
 the Ver'tebra Denta'ta, (F.) Essieii, So called, 
 because it forms a kind of axis on which the head 
 moves. Chaussier calls it Axo'ide, from a^mv, 
 'axis,' and £ii5of, 'shape.' 
 
 AXOIDE, Axis — a. Occipitale, Rectus capitis 
 posticus major. 
 
 AXOiD'O-ATLOIP'EUS. What refers to both 
 the axis and atlas, as Axoido-atloidean articula- 
 tion. 
 
 The lesions of the Axoido-atloidean, are, 1. 
 'Fracture of the Proces'sus Denta'tus, 2. Rupture 
 
 of the odontoid ligament, and consequently pas- 
 sage and pressure of the process behind the trans- 
 verse ligament: and, 3. The simultaneous rupture 
 of the odontoid and transverse ligaments. These 
 difl'erent accidents are fatal. 
 
 AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN, Obliauus inferior 
 capitis. 
 
 AXON, Axis. 
 
 AXUNGE, Adeps pra?parata. 
 
 AXUNGIA, Pinguedo— a. Gadi, Oleum Jecoris 
 Aselli — a. de Mumia, Marrow — a. Articularis, 
 Synovia — a. Piscina Marina, Oleum Jecoris Aselli 
 — a. Porcina, Adeps prajparata. 
 
 AYPNIA, Insomnia. 
 
 AZARNET, Orpiment. 
 
 AZARUM, Asarum. 
 
 AZEDARACH, Melia Azedarach. 
 
 AZEDARACHA AMCENA, Melia Azedarach. 
 
 AZOODYNA'MIA, from a, priv., (,u>n, 'life,' 
 and Swa/iis, ' strength.' Privation or diminution 
 of the vital powers. 
 
 AZO'RES, CLIMATE OF. The Azores or 
 Western Islands are said to afford one of the best 
 examples of a mild, humid, equable climate to 
 be met with in the northern hemisphere. It is 
 slightly colder and moister than that of Madeira, 
 but even more equable. Sir James Clark thinks, 
 that a change from the Azores to Madeira, and 
 thence to Teneriffe — one of the Canaries — would 
 prove more beneficial to the phthisical valetudi- 
 narian than a residence during the whole winter 
 in any one of those islands. 
 
 AZOTATE B' ARGENT, Argenti nitras. 
 
 A'ZOTE, Azo'tum, from a, priv., and ^wrj, 'life.' 
 Ni'trogen, Al'caligene, Gas azo'ticum, Xitro- 
 gen'ium, (F.) Azote, Nitrogene, Air gate. Air 
 vide, is a gas which is unfit for respiration. It 
 is not positively deleterious, but proves fatal, 
 owing to the want of oxygen. It is one of the 
 constituents of atmospheric air, and a distin- 
 guishing principle of animals. Vegetables have 
 it not generally diffused, whilst it is met with in 
 most animal substances. It has been variously 
 called, phlogistic air, vitiated air, &c. ; has been 
 looked upon as sedative, and recommended to be 
 respired, when properly diluted, in diseases of 
 the chest. 
 
 Azote, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous ox- 
 ide of. 
 
 AZOTED, Nitrogenized. 
 
 AZOTENESES, from azote, and voao?, 'dis- 
 ease.' Diseases fancied to be occasioned by the 
 predominance of azote in the body. — Baumes. 
 
 AZOTIZED, Nitrogenized. 
 
 AZOTURIA, see Urine. 
 
 AZUR, Coral, Smalt. 
 
 AZU'RIUM. A compound of two parts of 
 mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fourth of 
 sal ammoniac. — Albertus Magnus. 
 
 AZ'YGES, Az'ygos, Az'ygoiis, sine pari, from 
 a, priv., and ^uyoj, 'equal.' Unequal. The 
 sphenoid bone, because it has no fellow. Also, a 
 process, Proces'sus Az'yges, Rostrum spheno'ida' le, 
 projecting from under the middle and forepart 
 of this bone. 
 
 AZYGOS GANGLION, see Trisplanchnio 
 Nerve. 
 
 AZYGOUS ARTICULAR ARTERY, see Ar- 
 ticular arteries of the skull. 
 
 Azygous Muscle, Azvgos VvuIcb, is the small 
 muscle which occupies tne substance of the uvula. 
 — Morgagni. The name is, however, inappro- 
 priate, as there are two distinct fasciculi, place<J 
 along-side each other, forming the Pal'ato-sta- 
 phijli'ni, Staphyli'ni or Epistaphyli'ni museies, 
 Staphyli'ni nie'dii of Winslow. 
 
 AzTGOtJS Vein, Vena Azygos, Veine Prilovib**' 
 
AZTMIA HXJMOBUM 
 
 120 
 
 BAIN 
 
 thoraciquo — (Ch.), Vena sine pari, Vena pari 
 carens, (F.) Veine sans Paire. This vein was so 
 called by Galen. It forms a communication be- 
 tween the V. cava inferior and V. cava superior, 
 permitting the blood to pass freely between the 
 two. It rises from the vena cava inferior, or 
 from one of the lumbar or renal veins, passes 
 through the diaphragm, ascends along the spine 
 to the right of the aorta and thoracic duct, and 
 opens into the V. cava superior, where it pene- 
 
 trates the pericardium. On the left side, the 
 SEMI-az'ygos, Left hron'chial or left superior in- 
 tercos'tal vein. Vena denii-azygos, V. hemi-az'ygo, 
 Veine petite prelombo-thoracique — (Ch.) present?, 
 in miniature, nearly the same arrangement. 
 
 AZYMIA HUMORUM, Crudity of the hu- 
 mours. 
 
 AZ'TMUS, from a, priv., and ^v/iri, 'leaven.' 
 Azymous bread is unfermented, unleavened bread. 
 — Galen. 
 
 B. 
 
 BABEURRE, Buttermilk. 
 
 BABILLEMENT, Loquacity. 
 
 BABUZICARIUS, Incubus. 
 
 BAC'APiIS, Bach'aris. A name given by the 
 ancients to an ointment, described by Galen 
 under the name Ointment of Lydia. It was 
 sometimes employed in diseases of the womb. — 
 llipfiocrates. 
 
 BACC^ BERMUDENSE3, Sapindus sapo- 
 naria — ^b. sen Grana actes, see Sambucus ebulus 
 — b. Jujubse, Jujube — b. Myrtillorum, see Vaeci- 
 nium myrtiUus — b. Norlandicas, Rubus arcticus 
 — ^b. Piperis Glabri, see Piper Cubeba — b. Pisca- 
 torise, see Menispermum cocctilus — b. Zizyphi, 
 see Jujube. 
 
 BACCAR, Bac'caris, Bac'eharis. An herb 
 used by the ancients in their garlands, to destroy 
 enchantment. Perhaps, the Digitalis purpurea. 
 Some authors have erroneously thought it to be 
 the Asarum. 
 
 BACCHARIS, Baccar. 
 
 BACCHI'A, from BaccJius, 'wine.' A name 
 applied to the red or pimpled face of the drunkard, 
 f^ee Gutta rosea. 
 
 BACCHICA, Hedera helix. 
 
 BACHARIS, Bacaris. 
 
 BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see Strychnos nux 
 vomica. 
 
 BACHER'S TONIC PILLS, Pilulse ex HeUe- 
 boro et Myrrhi. 
 
 BACILE, Crithmum maritimum. 
 
 BACIL'LUM, Bacillus, Bac'ulus, Bac'cnhis : 
 ' a stick.' This name has been applied to a kind 
 of troch, composed of expectorants, and having 
 the shape of a stick. Also, a suppository. Bacil- 
 him was used by the ancient chemists for several 
 instruments of iron. 
 
 BACK-ACH ROOT, Liatris. 
 
 BACKSTROKE OF THE HEART, Impulse, 
 diastolic. 
 
 BACOVE, Musa sapientum. 
 
 B ACTYRILOBIUM FISTULA, Cassia fistula. 
 
 BACULUS, Bacillum. 
 
 BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baden 
 is a town six miles from Vienna. Here are 12 
 springs, containing carbonates of lime and mag- 
 nesia; sulphates of lime, and magnesia, and 
 j-oda; and chlorides of sodium and aluminum. 
 The water is used in diseases of the skin, rheu- 
 raatism, <fec. There are two other towns of the 
 Fame name; one in Suabia, and the other in 
 Switzerland, about 12 miles from ZUrich, where 
 are mineral springs. The waters of the last two 
 are thermal sulY^hureous. 
 
 BADEN-BADEN, MINERAL "WATERS OF. 
 Celebrated thermal springs, situate about a league 
 from the high road to Basle and Frankfort. Their 
 temperature varies from 130° to 15i° Fahrenheit. 
 
 BADER, Bather. 
 
 BADIAGA. A kind of sponge, sold in Russia, 
 ihe- powder of which is said to take away the Uvid 
 
 marks from blows and bruises m a few hours. 
 Its nature is not understood. 
 
 BABIANE, lUicium anisatum. 
 
 BADISIS, Walking. 
 
 BADUKKA, Capparis badukka. 
 
 BAG, DUSTING, see Dusting-bag. 
 
 BAGEDIA, Pound. 
 
 BAGNERES-ADOUR, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Bagneres-Adour is a small town in the 
 department of Hautes Pyrenees, having a great 
 number of mineral springs ; some, cold ehaly- 
 beates ; others, thermal salines ; but the greatest 
 part sulphureous and warm. 
 
 BAGNERES DU LUCHON is a small town 
 in the department of Haute Garonne, on the 
 frontiers of Spain. It has been for a long time 
 famous for its numerous sulphureous springs, 
 the temperature of which is from 69° to 148° of 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 BAGNIGGE WELLS. A saline mineral 
 spring in London, resembling the Epsom. 
 
 BAGNIO, Baignoire. 
 
 BAGNOLES, MINERAL WATERS OF.- 
 Bagnoles is a village in the department of Orne. 
 The water resembles that of Bo.gntren de Luchon. 
 
 BAGNOLS, MINERAL WATER<i OF. Bag- 
 nols is a village, two leagues from Mend'^, in the 
 department of Lozere. The waters are hydro- 
 sulphurous and thermal: 109° lahrenheit- 
 
 BAG AS, Castratus. 
 
 BAGUEKAUDIER, Colutea arborescens. 
 
 BAHA'MA ISLANDS, CLIMATE OF. The 
 climate of the Bahamas is not considered to be 
 well adapted for consumptive patients, on ac- 
 count of the rapid alternations of temperature, 
 and the prevalence of winds, often of a dry, cold 
 character. Still, the phthisical valetudinarians 
 from most portions of the United States might 
 derive advantage from a residence there during 
 the winter months. The accommodations are 
 not, however, good, or numerous. 
 
 BAHEL, Colum'nea longifo'lia. A labiated 
 plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap- 
 plied as cataplasms to suppurating tumours. 
 
 Bahel Schulli, Genista spLnosa Indica. 
 
 BAIGNEUR, Bather. 
 
 BAIGNOIRE (F.), Baptiste'rinm, a Bathing 
 tub. Bagnio, So'lium, Pisci'na. The vessel or 
 place in which bathing is performed. Baignoire 
 oculaire, an eye-bath, — a small vessel for bathing 
 the eyes. 
 
 BAILLEMEXT, Yawning. 
 
 BAILLON, Speculum oris. ^ 
 
 BAIN, Bath — 6. Ohaud, Bath, hot— 5. Ele,.- 
 triqiic, Bath, electric, see Electricity — b. Entitr, 
 Bath, general — h. de Fauteuil, Bath, hip — h. 
 Frais, Bath, tepid— &. Froid, Bath, cold— 6. J/a- 
 rie, Bath, water — h. jlledicinal, Bath, medicated 
 — 6. de Pied, Bath, foot, Pediluvium — b. de Sa- 
 ble, Bath, sand — b. de Siige, Bath, hip — h. Tem- 
 pers, Bath, tepid, B. Temperate — 6. de Tite, 
 
BAINS 
 
 121 
 
 BALSAM 
 
 BAINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 are situate at Plombieres, department of the 
 Vosges. They are said to be saline and thermal 
 by some; others deny them any medical pro- 
 perties. 
 
 BALAMPULLI, Tamarindus. 
 
 BALANCE, AREOSTATIC, Areometer. 
 
 BAL'ANCEMENT, Gompensa' tion, from (F.) 
 balance, 'a' balance,' itself from bis, 'twice,' and 
 lanx, 'a dish.' A law of teratogeny, as main- 
 tained by Geoffroy St. Hilaire, by which exube- 
 rance of nutrition in one organ is supposed to 
 involve, to a greater or less extent, the total or 
 partial atrophy of some other, — and conversely. 
 
 BALANDA, Fagus Sylvatica. 
 
 BALANEUM, Bath. 
 
 BALANISMUS, Suppository. 
 
 BALANITIS, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BALANOBLENNORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea 
 spuria. 
 
 BALANOCASTANUM, Bunium Bulboeasta- 
 num. 
 
 BALANORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BA'LANUS, ffaXavos, 'glans,' 'an acorn.' The 
 glans penis. Hence, Balanoblennorrhce'a, Blen- 
 norrhoea of the glans; and Balani'tis, Inflamma- 
 tion of the glans. Suppositories and pessaries 
 were called Bal'ani. 
 
 Balanos Phcenicos, Date. 
 
 Balanus, Glans, Suppository — b. Myrepsica, 
 Guilandiua moringa. 
 
 BALARUC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba- 
 larue is a town in the department of Herault, 
 in France. The waters are saline and thermal. 
 They contain carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, 
 carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium, cal- 
 cium, and magnesium, sulphate of lime, and a 
 little iron. They are considered tonic, and are 
 lai-gely used. Their temperature is about 118° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 Balaruc Water, Factit"ious, (F.) Eau de 
 Balaruc ; Aqxia Belliluca'na is made of simjile 
 additions water (containing twice its bulk of car- 
 bonic acid) f^xxss; chloride of sodium, 3i'ss; 
 chloride of calcium, gr. xviij ; chloride of mag- 
 nesium, gr. Ivi; carbonate of magnesia, gr. j. 
 
 BALATRO, Bambalio. 
 
 BALAUSTINE FLOWERS, see Punica gra- 
 natum. 
 
 BALBIS, jSaX/Sts-, 'a foundation.' Any oblong 
 cavity. — Galen. Hippocrates, in his treatise on 
 the joints, gives the name Balbito'des to the ole- 
 cranon ca'V'ity of the humerus. 
 
 BALBUS, (F.) Begue. One habitually affected 
 with stammering. A stammerer. 
 
 BALBU'TIES, Psellis'mus, PseVlotes, Blae.'- 
 sitas, Baryglos'sia, Dysla'lia, 3fogila'lia, Ischo- 
 pho'nia, Battaris'mus, Bamba'lia, HcBsita'tio, 
 Loque'la bla:'sa, (F.) Balhutiement, Begaiement. 
 Stammering, St. Vitus's Dance of the Voice. 
 Also, vicious and incomplete pronunciation, in 
 which almost all the consonants are replaced by 
 the letters B and L : Traulis'mus. 
 
 BALCHUS, Bdellium. 
 
 BALD, Athrix. 
 
 BALDMONEY, ^thusa meum. 
 
 BALDNESS, Alopecia, Calvities — b. Limited, 
 Porrigo decalvans — b. Partial, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 BALENAS, Leviathan penis. 
 
 BALIMBAGO, Hibiscus populeus. 
 
 BALINEATOR, Bather. 
 
 B ALINE UM, Bath. 
 
 BALL. Pila. 
 
 BALLISMUS, Chorea. 
 
 BALLISTA, Astragalus. 
 
 BALLON, Receiver. 
 
 BALLONNEMENT, Tympanites. 
 
 BALLO'TA F(E'TIDA, B. vulga'ria seu nigra, 
 
 Marru'bium nigrum, Blade Horehound, Stinking 
 IT., (F.) Marrube noir. This plant is esteemed 
 to be antispasmodic, resolvent, and detersive. (?) 
 
 Ballota Lana'ta, Leonu'rus lana'tus. A 
 plant of the Nat. Family, Labiatse, Sex, Syst. 
 Didynamia Gymnospermia, which grows in Si- 
 beria. The whole plant, with the exception of 
 the root, has been recommended in dropsy, and 
 in rheumatism and gout, as a diuretic. It is 
 usually given in decoction (3SS to ^j to f^viij 
 of water.) 
 
 BALLOTTEMENT, (F.) Agita'tion, Succus'- 
 sion, 3Iouvemcnt de Ballottement, Bepercus'sion, 
 means the motion impressed on the foetus in 
 utero, by alternately pressing the uterus by 
 means of the index finger of one hand introduced 
 into the vagina; the other hand being applied 
 on the abdomen. It is one of the least equivocal 
 signs of pregnancy. 
 
 BALLSTON SPA. This vUlage is situate in 
 Saratoga County, New York. The spring Sans 
 Souci belongs to the class of Acidulous Chaly- 
 beates. It contains iodide of sodium. There is 
 also a sulphur spring. 
 
 BALM, Melissa — b. Apple, Momordica bal- 
 samina — b. Bastard, Melitis Melissophyllum — b. 
 of Gilead, Solomon's, see Tinctura cardamomi — 
 b. of Gilead, Poplar, Populus candicans — b. of 
 Gilead tree, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. In- 
 dian, Trillium latifolium — b. Mountain, Monarda 
 coccinea — b. Red, Monarda coccinea — b. Stink- 
 ing, Hedeoma. 
 
 BALMONY, Chelone glabra. 
 
 BALNEA CCENOSA, Boue des eaux. 
 
 BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum. 
 
 BALNEARIUS, Bather. 
 
 BALNEATOR, Bather. 
 
 BALNEOG'RAPHY, Balneograph'ia, from 
 j3a\avEiov, 'a bath,' and ypa<pr;, *a description.' 
 A description of baths. 
 
 BALNEOL'OGY, Balneolog" ia, from jSaAa- 
 vtiov, 'a bath,' and Xoyos, 'a description.' A 
 treatise on baths. 
 
 BALNEOTHERAPI'A, from PaXavuov, 'a 
 bath,' and Bcpaireta, 'treatment.' Treatment of 
 disease by baths. 
 
 BALNEUM, Bath — b. Acidum, Bath, acid — 
 b. Alkalinum, Bath, alkaline — b. Animale, Bath, 
 animal — b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antipsoric — b. 
 Anti-syphiliticum, Bath, antisyphilitic — b. Are- 
 nte, Bath, sand — b. Gelatinosum, Bath, gelatinous 
 — b. Mari«, Bath, water — b. Medicatum, Bath, 
 medicated — b. Sulphuris, Bath, sulphur. 
 
 BALSAM, BaV samiim, Bol'eson, Bel'eson, (F.) 
 Baume. This name is given to natural vegetable 
 substances, concrete or liquid, but very odorous, 
 bitter, and piquant : composed of resin, benzoic 
 acid, and sometimes of an essential oil; — which 
 allow benzoic acid to be disengaged by the action 
 of heat ; readily dissolved in volatile oil, alcohol, 
 and ether; and, when treated with alkalies, afford 
 a soluble benzoate, and throw down resin. We 
 know of only five balsams : — those of Peru, and 
 Tolu, Benzoin, solid Styrax or Storax, and liquid 
 Styrax. (See those different words.) There are, 
 however, many pharmaceutical preparations and 
 resinous substances, possessed of a balsamic 
 smell, to which the name balsam has been given ; 
 but they differ essentially in composition and 
 properties: hence the distinction of balsams into 
 natural and artificial. The natural balsams in 
 elude the five before mentioned; the artificial, 
 the remainder. 
 
 Balsam, Acous'tic, Bal'samum Acous'ticuf>i. 
 (F.) Baume acousfique. A mixture of fixed and 
 essential oils, sulphur, and tinctures of fetid 
 gums. Used in cases of atonic deafness, dropped 
 into the ear. The acoustic balsam of Dr. Hugli 
 
BALSAM, AMERICAN 
 
 122 
 
 BALSAM, PERUVIAN 
 
 Bath, iead— 6. Tilde, Bath, tepid— 6. Tree froid, 
 Bath, cold — h. de Vapour, Bath, vapour. 
 Smith is made by mixing three drachms of ox- 
 gall with one drachm of balsam of Peru. 
 . Balsam, American, see Myroxylon Peruiferum 
 — b. Anodyne, Bates's Linimentum saponis et 
 opii. 
 
 Balsam, Apoplec'tic, Bal'samum, Apoplec'- 
 ticum, (F.) Baume apnplectique. A medicine 
 eomposed of several balsams properly so called, 
 resins, and volatile oils. It is of a stiff consist- 
 ence, is worn in ivory boxes about the person, 
 and is smelled at in headachs, &o. 
 
 Balsam Apple, Momordica balsamina. 
 
 Balsam op Arcce'ds, Bal'samum Areai, TJn- 
 guen'tum El'emi, (F.) Baume d'Arcoeus. A soft 
 ointment; sometimes emploj'ed in wounds, ul- 
 cers, (fcc. It is made by melting, with a gentle 
 heat, two parts of mutton suet, one of lard, one 
 and a half of turpentine, and as much resin. 
 
 Balsam, Canada, see Pinus balsamea — b. Ca- 
 naiy, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. Capivi, 
 Copaiba. 
 
 Balsam op Carpa'thia, Bal'samum Oarpath'- 
 icum, (F.) Baume de Carpathie. The resin of 
 the Pinus Cemhra, a tree, which grows in S'^^it- 
 zerland, Libya, and the Krapac mountains in 
 Hungary. 
 
 Balsam, Chalyb'eate, Bal'samum Cliahjbea'- 
 twn, (F.) Baume d'acier ou d'aiguilles. A mix- 
 ture of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, prepared 
 by dissolving needles in nitric acid. It was for- 
 merly employed in frictions in pains of the joints. 
 
 Balsam, Commander's, Tincturabenzoinicom- 
 posita — b. for Cuts, Tinctura benzoini composita. 
 
 Balsam, Cordial, of Senner'ttjs, Bal'samum 
 Cordia'le Senner'ti, (F.) Baume cordiale de Sen- 
 r,ert. A stimulant medicine, eomposed of the 
 essential oils of citron, cloves, and cinnamon, of 
 musk, and ambergris. Dose, 6 to 15 drops. 
 
 Balsam op Fierabras. A celebrated Spanish 
 vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantes ; the 
 composition of which was oil, rosemary, salt and 
 wine. (?) 
 
 Balsam, Spir'ituotts, of Fioraventi, Bal'- 
 samum Fioraven'ti spirituo' sum, (F.) Baume de 
 Fioraventi spiritueux. Different products of the 
 distillation of resinous and balsamic substances, 
 and of a number of aromatic substances, pre- 
 viously macerated in alcohol, have been thus 
 called. The Spirituous Balsam of Fioraventi, 
 the only one now used in friction, in chronic 
 rheumatism, is the first product of the distillation 
 from a sand-bath. It is entirely alcoholic. The 
 Oily Balsam of Fioraventi is obtained by re- 
 moving the residue, and distilling it in an iron 
 vessel, at a white heat. It has the appearance 
 of a citrine-coloured oil. The Black Balsam of 
 Fioraventi is the black oil, obtained when the 
 temperature is sufficient to carbonize the sub- 
 stances in the cucurbit. 
 
 Balsam of Fir, see Pinus balsamea. 
 
 Balsam op Fourcroy or of Laborde, (F.) 
 Baume de Fourcroy ou de Laborde. A kind of 
 liniment composed of aromatic plants, balsams, 
 resins, aloes, turpentine, theriac, and olive oil. 
 Used in chaps of the skin and nipples. 
 
 Balsam, Friar's, Tinctura benzoini composita. 
 
 Balsam op Genevieve, (F.) Baume de Gene- 
 vieve. An ointment composed of wax, turpen- 
 tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor. Used in 
 contused wounds, gangrene, &c. 
 
 Balsam cr Honey (Hill's.) A tincture made 
 of tolu, honey (aa Ibj) and spirit, (a gallon.) A 
 pectoral, used in coughs. The committee of the 
 New York College of Pharmacy recommend the 
 following formula: — {Gum. Benzoin, ^v, Bals. 
 Tolvt. gj, Afellis ^viij. Alcohol. Oiij — digest for 
 10 days and filter.) See Mel. 
 
 Balsam of Horehound (Ford's.) A tincture 
 of horehound, liquorice-root, eomphor, opium, 
 benzoin, dried squills, oil of aniseed, and honey. 
 It has the same properties as the above. See 
 Marrubium. 
 
 Balsam, Hungarian, see Pinus inughos. 
 
 Balsam, Hypnot'ic, Bcd'samum. ITypnot'icvm, 
 (F.) Baume Hypnotique. A preparation of which 
 opium, hyoscyamus, camphor, and some other 
 sedative substances form the basis. It is used 
 externally in friction, to provoke sleep. 
 
 Balsam, Hyster'ic, Bal'samum Hyster'ieum, 
 (F.) Baume Hysterique. A preparation made of 
 opium, aloes, asafoetida, castor, distilled oils of 
 rue, amber, &c. It is held to the nose, applied 
 to the navel, or rubbed on the hypogastrium in 
 hysterical cases. 
 
 Balsam, Indian, see Myroxylon peruiferum. 
 
 Balsam op Leictoure of Condom or Vince- 
 GITERE, Bal'samum Lectoren'se. A strongly sti- 
 mulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, saffron, 
 musk, and ambergris, dissolved in essential oils. 
 The ancients burnt it for the purpose of purifying 
 the air of a chamber, when infected with a disa- 
 greeable odour. 
 
 Balsam op Life of Hoff'man, Bal'samum 
 YitcB Hoffman'ni, (F.) Baume de Vie d' Hoffman. 
 A tincture, composed of essential oils and amber- 
 gris, employed internally and externally as a 
 stimulant. A mixture of essential oils without 
 alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balsam, Bal'samum 
 ajioplec'ticum, B. aromat'icum, B. cepthal'icnm, B. 
 Saxon'icum, B. nervi'num, B. Scherzeri, B. Sto- 
 mach'icum. Employed in friction as a stimulant. 
 
 Balsam of Life, Decoctum aloes compositum 
 — b. of Life, Turlington's, see Tinctura benzoini 
 composita. 
 
 Balsam of Locatel'li or Ltjcatel'li, Bal'- 
 samum Lucatel'li, (F.) Baume de Lticatel. A sort 
 of ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpentine, 
 sherry, and balsam of Peru, coloured with red 
 saunders. It was once administered in pulmo- 
 nary consumption. 
 
 Balsam op Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamum 
 — b. Mexican, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. 
 Natural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 Balsam, Green, op Metz, Bal'samum Vir'ide 
 Sfeten'sium., Bal'samum Vir'ide, (F.) Bamne vert 
 de Metz, Baume de Feuillet, Huile verte, O'leum 
 ox'ydi cupri vir'ide. This is composed of several 
 fixed 'oils, holding, in solution, subcarbonate of 
 copper, sulphate of zinc, turpentine, aloes, and 
 the essential oils of cloves and juniper. It is 
 green and caustic, and is employed to hasten the 
 cicatrization of atonic ulcers, 
 
 Balsam, Nephrit'ic, of Fuller, Bal'samum 
 Nephret'icum Fulleri. A liquid medicine, com- 
 posed of oils, resins, and balsams, which have 
 experienced an incipient state of carbonization 
 from concentrated sulphuric acid. It was given 
 in the dose of 15 to 30 drops in certain affections 
 of the kidneys. 
 
 Balsam, Nervous, Bal'samum Nervi'num, 
 (F.) Baume nervin ou nerval. A kind of ointment, 
 composed of fatty bodies, volatile oils, balsam of 
 Peru, camphor, Ac. It is employed in friction 
 in cases of sprains and rheumatic pains. 
 
 Balsam, Paralyt'ic, op Mynsicht. A sort 
 of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils 
 of different aromatic plants, oils of turpentine 
 and amber. — Lemery. 
 
 Balsam of Parei'ra brava, Bal'samum Pa- 
 rei'rm bravce. A soft mixture of balsam, resin, 
 muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root of 
 Pareira brava. It is given internally, to excite 
 the urinary secretion. 
 
 Balsam, Peruvian, see Myroxylon Peruife- 
 rum — b. of Peru, red, see Toluifcra balsamum— 
 b. of Peru, white, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
BALSAMADENDRON GILEADEIs^SE 123 
 
 BAMBOO 
 
 Balsam of E,ackasi'ea or of Eakasi'ri. This 
 Bubstance is of a yellowish-brown colour ; semi- 
 transparent; fragile, when dry, but softening by 
 heat; adhering to the teeth, when chewed. It 
 has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of Tolu, 
 and is slightly bitter. It is brought from India 
 in gourd shells, and has been employed in dis- 
 eases of the urinary and genital organs, especially 
 in gonorrhoea. 
 
 Balsam, Riga. Prepared from the shoots of 
 the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine. In- 
 ternally, stimulant and diuretic; externally, a 
 vulnerary. See Pinus Cembra. 
 
 Balsam of Saturx, Bal'sanmm SaUir'ni. A 
 solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpentine, 
 concentrated by evaporation ; to which camphor 
 has been added. This balsam was applied to 
 hasten the cicatrization of wounds. 
 
 Balsam of the Samar'itan, (F.) Bawne du 
 Samaritain. A sort of liniment, prepared by 
 boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal parts of 
 wine and oil. It is said to have been the oint- 
 ment used by the Samaritan of the Gospel to 
 cure a patient covered with ulcers. 
 
 Balsam, Saxon, Balsam of Life of Hoffmann. 
 
 Balsam of Sulphur, Bal'sanmm Sul'2}huria, 
 (F.) Battme de Soii/re. A solution of sulphur in 
 oil. — B. sulph. anisa'tum, (F.) B. de Son/re anise. 
 A solution of sulphur in essential oil of aniseed; 
 given as a carminative. — B. Sulph. succina'tum, 
 (F.) B. de Soufre succine. A solution of sulphur 
 in oil of amber. — B. jSidpJiuris terehinthina'tnm, 
 Common Butch Drops, (F.) B. de soufre terehin- 
 thine. A solution of sulphur in essential oil of 
 turpentine, administered as a diuretic. — The Bal- 
 sam of Sulphur of RuLAXD is a solution of sulphur 
 in linseed oD. or nut oil. 
 
 Balsam of Sym'pathy, Balsamum Sympath'- 
 icuu(, (F.) Baume de Sympathie. A balsam, used 
 in the days when sympathetic influence was 
 strongly believed in. It was composed of the 
 raspings of a human skull, blood, and human fat, 
 and was applied to the instrument which had 
 inflicted the wound. 
 
 Balsam, Thibaut's. A tincture of myrrh, 
 aloes, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort, 
 and Ohio turpentine. Internally, diuretic; exter- 
 nally, vulnerary. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu, see Toluifera Balsamum. 
 
 Balsam, Tranquil, Bal'samum tranquil'lum 
 seit tranquil' lans, (F.) B. tranquille. A liquid 
 medicine emplqyed, externally, in the shape of 
 friction : it is prepared by macerating and boil- 
 ing, in olive oil, narcotic and poisonous plants, — 
 belladonna, mandragora, hyoscyamus, kc. — and 
 afterwards infusing, in the filtered decoction, 
 different aromatic plants. It was employed as 
 an anodyne. 
 
 Balsam, Turkey, Dracocephalum Canariense. 
 
 Balsam of Tur'pentine, Butch Brops, Bal'- 
 samum Terehin'thincB. Obtained by distilling 
 oil of turpentine in a glass retort, until a red 
 balsam is left. It possesses the properties of the 
 turpentines. 
 
 Balsam, Vervain's, Tinctura Benzoini com- 
 posita. 
 
 Balsam, Vul'neraey, of Minbere'rus, Bal'- 
 samum vulnera'rium 3Iindere'ri, (F.) B. vulne- 
 raire de Mindereb. A kind of liniment, com- 
 posed of turpentine, resin elemi, oil of St. John's 
 wort, and wax. Employed in friction, and as a 
 dressing to wounds. 
 
 Balsam "Weed, Impatiens fulva — b. Wound, 
 Tinctura Benzoini eomposita. 
 
 BALSAMADENDRON GILEADBNSE, 
 Amyris Gileadensis — b. Myrrha, see Myrrha. 
 
 BALSAMARIA INOPHYLLUM, see Fagara 
 octandra. 
 
 BALSAMEL^OIS^, Myroxylon PeruiPernm. 
 BALSAM'IC, Balsam'icus, from (iaXcrapov, 
 'balsam.' Possessing the qualities of balsams. 
 Balsamic odour: — a sweet, faint, and slightly 
 nauseous smell. Balsamic substance: — one re- 
 sembling the balsams in property. 
 
 BALSAMIER ELEMIFERE, Amyris elemU 
 fera — h. de la Mecque, Amyris opobalsamum. 
 BALSAMINA, Momordica balsamina. 
 BALSAMINE, Momordica balsamina. 
 BALSAMITA FCEMINEA, Achillea agcratum 
 — b. Major, Tauacetum balsamita — b. Mas, Ta- 
 nacetum balsamita. 
 
 Balsami'ta Suav'eolens, B. odora'ta, B. ma- 
 ris, Mentha Saracen'ica, M. Boma'na. Earn. 
 CompositBB Corymbiferse. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia 
 Polj'gamia superflua. A j)lant, common in the 
 south of France, and cultivated in the gardens ; 
 where it bears the names ilenthec^oq. Grand 
 baume, Baume des Jardins. Its smell is strong 
 and aromatic, and taste hot. It is used for -the 
 same purposes as tansey, i. e. as a stimulant, ver- 
 mifuge, &c. 
 
 Balsamita Suaveolens, Tanacetum balsa- 
 mita — b. A'ulgaris, Tanacetum balsamita. 
 
 BALSAMO-SACCHAEUM, ElEeo-Saccharum. 
 BALSAMUM, see Balsam, Amj'ris opobalsa- 
 mum — b. ^gyptiacum, see Amyris oijobalsamum 
 b. Album, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — h. Alpini, 
 Dracocephalum Canariense — b. Alpini, see Amy- 
 ris opobalsamum — b. Anod3'num, Linimentum 
 saponis et opii — b. Apoplecticum, Balsam of life 
 of Hoffmann — b. Aromaticum, Balsam of life of 
 Hoffmann — b. Asiaticum, see Amyris opobalsa- 
 mum — b. Braziliense, Copaiba — b. Calaba, see 
 Fagara octandra — b. Canadense, see Pinus bal- 
 samea — b. Catholicum, Tinctura benzoini eom- 
 posita — b. Cephalieum, Balsam of life of Ilofi"- 
 mann — b. Copaibte, Copaiba — b. CTCnuinum anti- 
 quorum, see Amyris opobalsamum ^ — b. Hyperici 
 simplex, see Hypericum perforatum — b. Judai- 
 eum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Libani, see 
 Pinus cembra — b. Maria;, see Fagara octandra — 
 b. e Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Mer- 
 curiale, Unguentum hj'drargyri nitratis — b. Xer- 
 vinum. Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. Opodel- 
 doc, Linimentum saponis camphoratum — b. Oph- 
 thalmicum rubrum, Unguentum hydrargyri ni- 
 trico-oxydi — b. Persieum, Tinctura benzoini eom- 
 posita — b. Peruanum, see Mj'roxj'lon Peruiferum 
 b. Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi superacetatis 
 — b. Scherzeri, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. 
 Stomachieum, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. 
 Styracis, Styrax — b. Styracis benzoini, Benjamin 
 b. Succini,.see Snccinum — b. Sulpburis Barba- 
 dense, Petroleum sulphuratum — b. Sulphuris 
 simplex, Oleum sulphuratum — b. Syriacum, see 
 Amyris opobalsamum ^- b. Tolutanum, see Tolu- 
 ifera balsamum — b. Tranquillans seu Tranquil- 
 lum, Balsam, tranquil — b. Traumaticum, Tinctura 
 benzoini eomposita — b. Universale, Unguentum 
 plumbi superacetatis — b. Viride, Balsam, green, 
 of Metz ; see Fagara octandra. 
 
 BALSAMUS PALUSTRIS, Mentha aquatica. 
 
 BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum. 
 
 BAMBA, Bamijoo. 
 
 BAMBALIA, Balbuties. 
 
 BAMBA'LIO, Bam'balo, Bala'tro, from papr 
 Paivu), ' I speak inarticulately.' One who stam- 
 mers or lisps, or utters inarticulate sounds. Ac- 
 cording to Krause, one who speaks as it be had 
 pap in his mouth, or as if the tongue were para- 
 lyzed. 
 
 BAMBOO, (F.) Bambou, Bambn. Fmn. Gra- 
 minese. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogyni.*. The 
 young shoots of Bambos arundina'cea, Arttn'do 
 bnmbos, Bambu'sa ariindina'c^a, and of Bumbi/» 
 vtrtioiUa'ta, contain a saccharine pith, of whinb 
 
BAMBOS 
 
 124 
 
 BANDELETTE 
 
 tte people of both tlie Indies are very fond. 
 Ehey are sometimes made into a pickle. 
 
 BAMBOS ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo — b. 
 Vertieillata, Bamboo. 
 
 BAMBUSA ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo. 
 
 BAMIX MOSCHATA, Hibiscus abelmoscbns. 
 
 B AMM A, from /SaTrru, ' I plunge/ ' a paint ; a 
 dye.' Anciently, liquids were so called, in wbich 
 certain bodies were plunged, to moisten or soften 
 them. In the case of tea, for instance, into which 
 bread is dipped, the tea would be the hamma. 
 
 BANANA, Musa sapientum. 
 
 BANANIER, Musa sapientum. 
 
 BANAUSIA, Charlatanry. 
 
 BANC B'HIPPOORATE, Bathron. 
 
 BANGAL, (F.) One who has deformed legs. 
 It includes the valgus, compernia, and varus, 
 which see. 
 
 BANGROCHE, (F.) A vulgar epithet for a 
 rickety individual. 
 
 BAND, PRIMITIVE, see Nerve Fibre. 
 
 BAN'DAGE, Besma, Syndes'mus, Hypodes' 
 mis, Hypodesma, Hypodes' mua, (the last three 
 signify properly an under bandage.) A hinder, 
 from Sax. bindan, 'to bind.' This word, with 
 the French, is generally used to express tbe me- 
 thodical application of rollers, compresses, <&c., 
 Ban'daging, Syii' desis, to iix an apparatus upon 
 any part, — corresponding to the words deliga'tio, 
 fascia' tio, fascia' rum, applica'tio, epid'esis. With 
 us the noun is usually applied to the result of the 
 application, or to the bandage itself; — a sense in 
 which the French employ the nord.Bande. Ij^n- 
 dages are simple or compound. The eimple ban- 
 dage is equal, if the turns are applied circularly 
 above each other ; unequal, if the turns are not 
 accurately applied upon each other. If each turn 
 of the bandage be only covered one-third, it 
 forms the duloire of the French; if the edges 
 touch only slightly, it is the mousse ; if the turns 
 are very oblique and separated, it is the spiiral 
 or creeping, (F.) rampant ; if folded upon each 
 other, it is termed the reversed, (F.) renverse. 
 By uniting various kinds of bandaging, we have 
 the compound; and these compound bandages 
 have received various names expi-essive of their 
 figure, or of the parts to which they are applied, 
 as capistruni, sptica, &c. Bandages are divided, 
 also, as regards their uses, into uniting, dividing, 
 retaining, expelling, compressing, &c. 
 
 Bandage or Roller, Fas'cia, Tce'nia, Epi- 
 des'mos, Vin'cidum, the Bande of the French, is 
 derived from (G.) binden, 'to bind.' It may 
 be made of linen, flannel, or other stuff capable 
 of oifering a certain resistance. The two extre- 
 mities of a bandage are called tails, (F.) chefs, 
 and the rolled part is termed its head, (F.) globe. 
 If rolled at both extremities, it is called a double- 
 headed roller or bandage, (F.) Bande d deux 
 globes. 
 
 Bandage, Body, Manti'le, (F.) Bandage de 
 Corps, is used for fixing dressings, &c., to the 
 trunk. It is formed of a towel, napkin, or some 
 large compress, folded three or four times ; the 
 es-tremities of which are fastened by pins. This 
 is again fixed by means of the scapulary bandage, 
 which is nothing more than an ordinary ban- 
 dage, stitched to the anterior and middle part 
 of the napkin, passing over the clavicles and 
 behind the head, to be attached to the back part 
 of the napkin. 
 
 Bandage, Compressing, or Roller, Fascia 
 c>>mpressi'va seu convolu'ta, (F.) Bandage com.- 
 pressive ou roule, is the simple roller with one 
 head; and is employed in cases of ulcers, varices, 
 &c., of the limbs. Whenever this roller is applied 
 to the lower part of the limbs, it is carried up 
 
 wards by the doloire and reversed methods above 
 described. 
 
 BANBAGE BIYISIF, Dividing bandage — 
 b. en Doloire, Boloire. 
 
 Bandage, Eighteen-tailed, Fas'cia octod'- 
 ecim capit'ibus, (F.) Bandage d dix knit chefs. 
 This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion 
 of a common roller ; and with a sufiicient num- 
 ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as much 
 of the part as is requisite. It is a very useful 
 bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone without 
 disturbing the part. 
 
 Bandage, Galen's, B. for the Poor, Fas'cia 
 Gale'ni seu Pau'perum, (F.) Bandage de Galien 
 ou des Pauvres, Ga'lea, is a kind of cueidlua or 
 hood, (F.) Gouvrechef divided into three parts 
 on each side ; of which Galen has given a de- 
 scription. See Cancer, Galeni. 
 
 Bandage, Hernial, see Truss — b. Immo- 
 vable, Apparatus, immovable. 
 
 Bandage, In'guinal, Fas'cia inguina'lis. A 
 bandage for keeping dressings applied to the 
 groin. It consists of a cincture, to which is at- 
 tached a triangular compress, adapted for cover- 
 ing the groin. To the lower extremity of this, 
 one or two bandages are attached, which pass 
 under the thigh, and are fixed to the posterior 
 part of the cincture. This bandage may be either 
 simple or double. 
 
 Other bandages will be found described under 
 their various names. 
 
 Bandage, Permanent, Apparatus, immovable 
 — b. of the Poor, see Cancer Galeni; and Band- 
 age, Galen's. 
 
 Bandage of separate Strips, or B. of Scul- 
 TE'tus, Fas'cia fasci'olis separa' tim dispoa'itis seu 
 Scidte'ti, (F.) Bandage d bandclettes eeparees ou 
 de Scidtet. This is formed of linen strips, each 
 capable of surrounding once and a half the part 
 to which they have to be applied, and placed 
 upon each other, so as to cover successively one- 
 third of their width. It is used chiefly for frac- 
 tures, requiring frequent dressing. 
 
 Bandage, Under, Hypodesmis — 6. TJnissant, 
 Uniting bandage. 
 
 BANDAGING, see Bandage— b. Doctrine of, 
 Desmaturgia. 
 
 BAN'DAGIST. One whose business it is to 
 make bandages, and especially those for hernia, 
 
 BANDE, Bandage. The woi-d Bande, in 
 anatomy, is used by the French for various nar- 
 row, flat, and elongated expansions. Bande 
 d' Heliodore, is a kind of bandage for supporting 
 the mammse. 
 
 BANDE A U, (F.) A kind of simple bandage, 
 which consists of a piece of cloth, folded four 
 times, and applied round the head. There is 
 also the Bandeau ou Ifouchoir en triangle or 
 triangular bandage, a kind of couvrecbef, made 
 of a square piece of cloth, or of a handkerchief, 
 folded diagonally, and applied round the head. 
 
 BANDELETTE, (F.) Diminutive of Bande, 
 Faaeiola, TcBniola, Vitta ; a narrow bandage, 
 strip, or fillet. Also Taenia semicircularis. 
 
 BANDELETTES AGGLUTINATIVES, 
 small strips, covered with a glutinous plaster. 
 Vitta agglutinan'tes. See Agglutinant. 
 
 BANDELETTES BEGOUPEES, are strips 
 of linen, notched on one edge, and covered, on 
 one side, with ointment. They are applied to 
 wounds to prevent the lint from sticking, and the 
 la,ceration of the cicatrix. 
 
 BANDELETTE SEMICIRGULAIRE, Tje- 
 nia semicircularis — 6. dea Comes d'ammon, Corpus 
 fimbriatum — 6. des Eminences pyriformes. Taenia 
 semicircuIaris-^6. de V Hip>pocumpe, Corpora finv- 
 briata. 
 
BANDURA 
 
 125 
 
 BARK 
 
 BANDURA, Nepentha destillatoria. 
 BANDY-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosis. 
 BANEBERRY, Actaa spicata. 
 BANGUE, Bhang, Bangi or Beng, Sedhee, 
 Siihjee. Adanson believes this to be the Nepen- 
 thes of the ancients. The largest leaves and cap- 
 sules without the stalks of Can'nabis In'dica, 
 (F.) Chanvre Indi en, Indian hemp, probably iden- 
 tical with G. sativa. Fainily, Urticeae. ;S'e*. Syat. 
 Dicecia Pentandria. The leaves and flowers of 
 Cannabis are narcotic and astringent. They are 
 chewed and smoked. The seeds, mixed with 
 opium, areca, and sugar, produce a kind of in- 
 toxication, and are used for this purpose by the 
 l^eople of India. An alcoholic extract of the 
 plant, Churrus, has been used in India, and since 
 then in Europe and in this country as a narcotic, 
 and anti-convulsive, in the dose of from half a 
 grain to ten or more. It requires, however, great 
 caution in its administration. The pure resin — 
 Oannahine — is active in the dose of two-thirds of 
 a. grain. 
 
 The dried plant, which has flowered, and from 
 which the resin has not been removed, called 
 Gunjah or Ganjah, Haschisch, Ilascliich, Hachisch 
 or Chaschisch, of the Arabs, consists of the tops 
 and tender parts only of the plant, collected im- 
 mediately after inflorescence, and simply dried. 
 BANICA, Pastinaca sativa. 
 BANILAS, Vanilla. 
 BANILLA, Vanilla. 
 BANILLOES, Vanilla. 
 
 BANISTE'BIA ANGULO'SA. This plant, 
 in Brazil and the Antilles, passes for a powerful 
 sudorific, and an antidote to the poison of ser- 
 pents. 
 
 BANKSIA ABYSSINICA, Hagenia Abyssi- 
 nica — b. Speciosa, Costus. 
 
 BANNIERES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bannieres is a village in Quercy, diocess of Ca- 
 hors, France. The waters are probably chaly- 
 beate. They are celebrated in amenorrhoea, 
 cachexia, jaundice, <fec. 
 
 BA'OBAB, Adanao'nia digita'ta, of Africa; 
 iVaf. Ord. Bombacese ; one of the largest produc- 
 tions of the vegetable kingdom. Its fruit is 
 called, in the country, Pain de singe. The pulp 
 is sourish, and agreeable to eat : and a refreshing 
 drink is made from it, which is used in fevers. 
 Prospero Alpini and Dr. L. Frank think that the 
 Terra Lemnia was prepared, in Egypt, from the 
 pulp. All the parts of the Baobab abound in 
 mucilage. The bark has been given as a substi- 
 tute for cinchona. 
 
 BAPTISIA LEUCANTHA, see Sophora tinc- 
 toria — b. Tinctoria, Sophora tinctoria. 
 BAPTISTERIUM, Baignoire. 
 BARAQUETTE, (F.) A name given by Ra- 
 sous, physician at Nismes in France, to a catar- 
 rhal epidemy, which occurred there in 1761. See 
 Influenza. 
 
 BARATHRON, Juniperus sabina. 
 BARATHRUM, Antrum. 
 
 BARBA, Beard — b. Aaronis, Arum maculatum 
 — b. Capree, Spiraea ulmaria— b. Ilirei, Tragojso- 
 gon — b. Jovis, Sempervivum teetorum. 
 
 BARBADOES, see West Indies — b. Leg, see 
 Elephantiasis. 
 
 B ARBAREA, Erysimum Barbarea— b. Stricta, 
 Erysimum Barbarea. 
 
 JBARBAROS'S^ PIL'ULiE, Barharos'sa'a 
 Pills. An ancient composition of quicksilver, 
 rhubarb, diagridium, musk, Ac. It was the first 
 internal mercurial medicine, which obtained any 
 real credit. 
 
 BARBE, Beard — 6. de Bouc, Tragopogon, 
 B ABBE A. U, Cyanus segetum. 
 
 BARBER-CiriRUR'GEONS. A Corporation 
 of Loudon, instituted by king Edward IV. The 
 barbers were separated from the surgeons, by 18 
 Geo. II., c. 15 ; and the latter were erected into 
 a Royal College of Surgeons at the commencement 
 of the present century. 
 
 BARBERS, ARMY, see Bathers. 
 
 BARBERIE, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 These mineral waters are half a leaguv from 
 Nantes. They contain carbonic acid, chlorides 
 of magnesium and sodium, sulphate of magnesia, 
 carbonates of magnesia, lime, and iron. They 
 are used as chalybeates. 
 
 BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni — b. Ameri- 
 can, see Oxycantha Galeni. 
 
 BARBIERS. A variety of paralysis chiefly 
 prevalent in India; and by many considered to 
 be the same as Beriberi. Beriberi is commonly 
 an acute disease. Barbiers is generally chronic. 
 
 BARBITIUM, Beard. 
 
 BAR-BONE, Pubis, os. 
 
 BARBOTINE, Artemisia Santonica. 
 
 BARBULA CAPRINA, Spirrea ulmaria. 
 
 BARCLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilulas 
 antibiliosas. 
 
 BARDADIA, Pound. 
 
 BARD AN A, Arctium lappa — b. Minor, Xan- 
 thium. 
 
 BARBANE PETITE, Xanthium. 
 
 BAREGES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bareges is a village in the department of Hantos 
 Pyrenees, near which are several springs. They 
 are sulphureous and thermal, the heat varving 
 from 85° to 112° Fahrenheit. They contain 
 chlorides of magnesium and sodium, sulphates 
 of magnesia and lime, carbonate of lime, sul- 
 phur, &,c. These springs have long enjoyed a 
 high reputation, and are daily advised in cutane- 
 ous and scrofulous affections, &c. 
 
 Factitious Bareges Water, Aqua Baregi- 
 nen'sis, (F.) Eau de BarSges, is made by adding, 
 hydrosnlphuretted water, fgi^j to pure tvater, 
 f^xvijss, carbonate of soda, gr. xvj, cJiloride of 
 sodium, gr. ss. Bottle closely. 
 
 BARGADA, Convolvulus pes caprise. 
 
 BARGOU. An alimentary preparation formed 
 of ground oats, boiled to a proper consistence 
 with water. 
 
 BARIGLIA, Soda. 
 
 BARII CHLORIDTJM, Baryta, muriate of— 
 b. lodidum, Baryta, hydriodate of. 
 
 BARILLA, Soda— b. Alicant, Soda— b. Car- 
 thagena. Soda — b. Turkey, Soda. 
 
 BARILLOR, Soda. 
 
 BARIUM, Ba'ryitm, Baryt'ium, Pluto'nium, 
 from ^apvi, 'heavj'.' The metallic base of ba- 
 ryta, so called from the great density of its com- 
 pounds. 
 
 Barium, Chloride of. Baryta, muriate of — 
 h. Chlorure de, Baryta, muriate of — b. Iodide of, 
 Baryta, hydriodate of — b. Protoxide of. Baryta. 
 
 BARK, Cinchona — b. Bitter, Pinckneya pu- 
 bens— b. Calisaya, Cinchona} cordifolise cortex — 
 b. Caribaean, Cinchonas CaribajEe cortex — b. Car- 
 thagena, see Cinchona — b. Crown, Cinchonre 
 lancifolia3 cortex — b. Elk, Magnolia glauca — b. 
 Essential salt of, see Cinchona — b. Florida, 
 Pinckneya pubens — b. Georgia, Pinckneya pu- 
 bens — b. Gray, see Cinchona — b. Huanuco, see 
 Cinchona — b. Indian, Magnolia glauca — b. Je- 
 suit's, Cinchona — b. Loxa, Cinchonae lancifoliw 
 cortex — b. Pale, Cinchonae lancifolise cortex — b. 
 Maracaybo, see Cinchona — b. Peruvian, Cincho- 
 na — b. Pitaya, Cinchonge Caribaeae cortex — b. 
 Red, Cinchonae oblongifoliaj cortex — b. Saint 
 Lucia, Cinchonae Cariba?ae cortex — b. Santa 
 Martha, see Cinchona- — b. Silver, see Cinchons 
 — b. Yellow, Cinchonae cordifolise cortex. 
 
BARLERTA 
 
 12& 
 
 BASIL 
 
 BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA, Cara sehulli. 
 
 BARLEY, PEARL, see Hordeum— b. Scotch, 
 Ilordeum — h. Water, Deooctum hordei. 
 
 BARM, Yest. 
 
 BARNET, MINERAL "WATERS 0F._ Bar- 
 net is not far from London. The water is of a 
 purging quality, like that of Epsom, and ahout 
 half the strength. 
 
 BAROMACROM'ETER, PeBdoharomacrom'- 
 eter, Pmdom'eter, from (iapos, ' weight,' fia/cpor, 
 ' long,' and ^trpov, ' measure.' An instrument 
 invented by Stein to indicate the length and 
 weight of a new-born infant. 
 
 B A R, M ' E T E R, Baroscoiy' ium, Ba'roscope, 
 from fiapog, 'weight,' and jizrpov, 'measure.' (F.) 
 Barometre. An instrument which measures the 
 weight of the air. A certain degree of density in 
 this mediiim is necessary for health. When we 
 ascend high mountains great inconvenience is 
 experienced, owing to the diminished density. 
 Changes of this character aa-e indicated by the 
 Barometer or weather-glass. 
 
 BA'ROS, fiapos, ' heaviness.' Employed by the 
 Greek physicians to designate the feeling of las- 
 situde and heaviness observable in many diseases. 
 — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 BAROSCOPE, Barometer. 
 
 BAROSMA CRENATA, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BAROTES SALITUS, Baryta, muriate of. 
 
 BARRAS, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 BARRE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Barre 
 is a small town, six leagues from Strasburg. 
 The waters are thermal, and contain much iron, 
 ealcareovis salt, &c. They are diuretic and tonic. 
 
 BARRE (F.) Barrure, Vara, 'a. bar.' A pro- 
 jection or prolongation of the symphysis pubis : 
 — a deformity rendering delivery difficult. 
 
 BARREE (F.) A term applied, in France, 
 to a female whose pelvis has the deformity de- 
 scribed under Barre. 
 
 BARREES, {DENTS.) The molar teeth, 
 ■when the roots are spread or tortuous, so that 
 they cannot be extracted without being broken ; 
 or without a portion of the alveolar arch being 
 removed. 
 
 BARREL OF THE EAR, Tympanum. 
 
 BARRENNESS, Sterilitas. 
 
 BARROS, Terra Portugallica. 
 
 BARR URE, Barre. 
 
 BARTON'S FRACTURE, see Fracture of the 
 Radius, Barton's. 
 
 BARYCOCCALON, Datura stramonium. 
 
 BARYCOITA, Baryecoia. 
 
 BARYECOI'A, Baryeoi'ta, Bradyecoi'a, Pa- 
 raeu'sia ohtu'sa, Bisecoi'a, Dysecos! a, Avdi'tus 
 diffio"ilis, Ohaudi'tio, Olaudl'tus, A. gravis, A. 
 imminu'tus, Mypocopho'ais, Hypochyro'sis, (F.) 
 JDurete d' Oreille, from /^upuf, 'heavy,' and ax-oij, 
 • hearing.' Hardness of hearing, incomplete 
 deafness. See Cophosis, and Deafness. 
 
 BARYGLOSSIA, Balbuties, Baryphonia. 
 
 BARYI HYDRAS lODATI, Baryta, hydrio- 
 date of. 
 
 BARYLALIA^Baryphonia. 
 
 BARYOD'YNE, from |3apvj, 'heavy,' and oivvri, 
 'pain.' A dull, heavy pain. 
 
 BARYPHO'NIA, Bnrytjlos'sia, Baryla'lia, 
 fjoque'la impedi'ta, from !3apvs, ' hm,vy,' and fuyvri, 
 ' voice.' Difficulty of voice or speech. 
 
 BARYPICRON, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 BARISOMATIA, Polysarcia adiposa, 
 
 BARYSOMATICA, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 
 BARY'TA, from (iapvg, 'heavy,' Terra ponde- 
 ro'sa, Bary'tes, Prvtox'tde of Ba'riwn, Heavy 
 Earth, Ponderous Earth, (F.) Baryte, Barite, 
 Terre pesante. This earth and its soluble salts 
 are all highly corrosive poisv^ns. It is never em- 
 
 ployed in medicine in the pure state. When ex- 
 ternally applied, it is caustic, like potassa and 
 soda. 
 
 Bary'ta, Carbonate of, Barytce Car'honaa, 
 (F.) Carbonate de Baryte, is only used officinaily 
 to obtain the mui-iate. 
 
 Baryta, Hydri'odate of, Baryta Hydriodaa, 
 Baryta Hydriod'iea, Hydras Baryi loda'ti, (in 
 the dry state, — Iodide of Barinm, Barii lod'i- 
 dum, B. Joda'tum,) has been given in scrofulous 
 and similar morbid conditions. It may be admi- 
 nistered internally in the dose of one eighth of a 
 grain three or four times a day, and be applied 
 externally to scrofulous swellings, in the form of 
 ointment, (gr. iv to ^j of lard.) 
 
 Baryta Hydriodica, Baryta, hydriodate of. 
 
 Baryta, Mu'riatb or Hydrochlorate of, 
 Bary'toB mu'rias, Ohlo'ride of Ba'rium, Ba'rii 
 CMo'riduni (Ph. U. S.), Chlo'ruret of Ba'rium, 
 Terra pondero'sa sali'ta seu muria'ta, Sal muri- 
 at'icum barot'ictim, Baro'tes sali'tus, (F.) Chlo- 
 rure de barium, is the combination chiefly used. 
 The Muriate of Baryta may be formed as follows : 
 Baryt. Carbon, in frustulis, R)j, Acid. Mvriut. 
 f^xij, AqucB, Oiij. Mix the acid with the water, 
 and gradually add the Carbonate of Baryta. To- 
 ward the close of the effervescence, apply a gentle 
 heat, and, when the action has ceased, filter the 
 liquor, and boil it down so that crystals may form 
 as it cools. Ph. U. S. 
 
 It is given in the form of the Solu'tio Iluria'tis 
 Barytce, Liquor Barii Chlo'ridi, Ph. U. S., Aqua 
 barytm muria'tis, (F.) Solution de Muriate de 
 Baryte, {Jifuriate of Baryta, one part ; distilled 
 water, three parts,) and is employed in scrofulous 
 cases, worms, and cutaneous diseases. Exter- 
 nally, to fungous ulcers and to specks on the " 
 cornea. 
 
 Baryta Carbonas, Baryta (Carbonate) — h. 
 Hydriodas, Baryta, hydriodate of — b. Murias, 
 Baryta, muriate of. 
 
 BARYTE, Baryta — 6. Carbonate de, Baryta* 
 carbonate of. 
 
 BARYTHMIA, Melancholy. 
 
 BARYTIUM, Barium. 
 
 BAR YUM, see Barium. 
 
 BAS-FONI),^see Urinary Bladder. 
 
 BAS-LASSE, Stocking, laced. 
 
 BAS VENTRE, Abdomen. 
 
 BASAAL. The name of an Indian tree, the 
 decoction of whose leaves, in water, with ginger, 
 is used as a gargle in diseases of the fauces. The 
 kernels of the fruit are vermifuge. 
 
 BASANASTRA'GALA, from ^aaavog, 'torture,' 
 and aorpayaAos, ' the astragalus.' Pain in the ankie 
 joint ; gout in the foot. 
 
 BASANIS'MOS, from ^acavilu.^, 'to explore. 
 'A touch-stone.' Investigation or examination' 
 — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 BASE, Basis, from iSanu, ' I proceed,' ' I rest,' 
 'I support myself.' That which serves as a foun- 
 dation or support. That which enters, as a prin- 
 cipal matter, into a mixture or combination. In 
 anatomy, it is employed in the former sense, as 
 Base of the Cranium, Base of the Brain — Basin 
 seu Pav linen' turn cere'bri; Base of a process, &c,, 
 Base of the heart — Basis vel coro'na cordis. In 
 the art of prescribing, Basis is the chief substance 
 which enters into a compound formula. 
 
 BASEMENT MEMBRANE, see Membrane, 
 basement. 
 
 BASIATIO, Coition. 
 
 BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris. 
 
 BASIL, BUSH, Ocymum caryophyllatum — ^'o. 
 Citron, Ocymum basilicum — b. Common, Ocy- 
 mum basilicum — b. Small, Ocymum caryophylhi- 
 tum — b. Wild, Ch.enopodium vnlgai-e — b. Wild, 
 
BASILAD 
 
 127 
 
 BATH 
 
 Cunila mariana — b. Wild, Pycnanthemum in- 
 canum. 
 
 BASILAD, see Basilar Aspect. 
 
 BAS'ILAR, Baaila'ris, Bas'ilary, (F.) Basi- 
 laire. That which belongs to the base, from 
 /3a(7(f, 'base.' This name has been given to seve- 
 ral parts, which seem to serve as basis to others. 
 The sacrum and sphenoid have been hence so 
 called. 
 
 Bastlak Abtery, a. hasila'ris, A. cervica'lis, 
 (F.) Artere ou Tronc hasilaire, A. mesocephalique 
 (Ch.) The union of the two vertebral arteries. 
 It ascends along the middle groove on the infe- 
 rior surface of the tuber, and is supported, be- 
 neath by the Fossa hasilaris. It terminates in 
 the posterior cerebral arteries. 
 
 Basilar Aspect, An aspect towards the base 
 of the head. — Barclay. Basilad is used adverbi- 
 ally by the same writer to signify 'towards the 
 basilar aspect' 
 
 Basilar Fossa, (F.) Gouttih-e ou, Fosse hasi- 
 laire, is the upper surface of the basilary process, 
 — so called because it is channeled like a Fossa 
 or Glitter. The Tuber annulare rests upon it. 
 
 Basilar Process, Proces'sus hasila'ris ossis 
 occip'itis, P. cuneifor'mis ossis occip'itis, (F.) 
 Apophyse Bnsilaire, Prolongement sons-occipital, 
 Ou'neiform Process, is the bony projection, formed 
 by the inferior angle of the os occipitis, which is 
 articulated with the sphenoid. 
 
 Basilar SI^fus, Sinus transversus. 
 
 Basilar Surface, (P.) Surface hasilaire, is 
 the inferior surface of the process. It is covered 
 by the mucous membrane of the pharynx. 
 
 Basilar Vertebra. The last vertebra of the 
 loins. 
 
 BASIL'IC, Basil'icus, from (iarriXiKos, 'royal.' 
 This name was given, by the ancients, to parts 
 which they conceived to play an important part 
 in the animal economy. 
 
 Basilic Vein, Vena hasil'ica, V. cn'hiti inte'- 
 rior, (F.) Veine Basilique, Veine cuhitale cuta- 
 nee of Chaussler. This vein is one of those on 
 which the operation of blood-letting is performed. 
 It is situate at the internal part of the fold of the 
 elbow, in front of the humeral artery, and is 
 formed by the anterior and posterior cuhital 
 veins, and by the median hasilic. It terminates, 
 in the arm-pit, in the axillary vein. The an- 
 cients thought, that the basilic. of the right arm 
 had some connexion with the liver, and hence 
 they called it hepatic. The vein of the left surva, 
 for a similar reason, they called siolenic. The 
 Median Basilic Vein, (F.) Veine mediane hasi- 
 Itque, is one of the branches of the preceding 
 vein. It joins the median cephalic at an acute 
 angle, or rather by a transverse branch, and re- 
 ceives some branches of the deep radial and cu- 
 bital veins, and a considerable subcutaneous vein 
 — the common median. 
 
 BASILIO COMMUN, Ocymum basilicum— 6. 
 Sativage, grand, Chenopodium vulgare. 
 
 BASIL'ICOX, Baiil'icum. 'Royal,' or of 
 great virtue. An ointment, composed of yellow 
 wax, black pitch, and resin, of each on« part, 
 olive oil, four parts. Hence it was called Un- 
 ffuen'tnm Tetraphar'macnm, {rtr^acjia^jiaKa, 'four 
 drugs.') — -Celsus. Scribonius Largus. 
 
 Basilicox, Basilicum, of the Parisian Codex, 
 is the Onguent de Poix et de Cire. In most Phar- 
 macopoeias, it is represented by the Unguen'tum 
 or Oera'titm Resi'ncs. It is used as a stimulating 
 ointment. See "Ceratum Resinse, and Unguen- 
 tum EesinEe Nigras. 
 
 BASILICUM, Basilicon, Ocymum Basilicum 
 — b. Citratum, Ocymum basilicum — b. Majus, 
 Ocymum basilicum. 
 
 BASILISCUS, Syphilis. 
 
 BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUS, 
 Hyoglossus. 
 
 BASIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS, from Pav,s, 
 ' base,' Ktpas, ' cornu,' and yXcoo-tra, ' tongue.' A 
 name given to a part of the hyoglossus, which is 
 inserted into the cornu of the os hyoides and base 
 of the tongue. 
 
 BASIOCES'TRUM, from fiaai?, 'the base,' 
 and Kcarpa, ' a dart.' An instrument for opening 
 the head of the foetus in utero, invented by Mes- 
 ler, a German. 
 
 BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS, Hypseloglos' svs, Hyoba- 
 sioglossus, Ypseloglos'sus, from jSaatg, 'base,' and 
 yXojo-o-a, ' the tongue.' A name formerly given to 
 the portion of the hyoglossus which is inserted 
 into the base of the os hyoides. — Riolan, Thomas 
 Bartholine. See Lingual Muscle. 
 
 BASIO PHARYNG^'US, from Pacig, 'base,' 
 and (papvy^, ' the pharynx.' A name given to 
 some fibres of the constrictor pharyngis medius. 
 — Winslow. 
 
 BASIS, see Prescription — b. Cerebri, Base of 
 the Brain — b. Cordis, Radix cordis — b. Corporis, 
 Sole. 
 
 BASSI-COL'ICA, Name of a medicine com- 
 posed of aromatics and honey. — Scribonius 
 Largus. 
 
 BASSIA BUTYRACEA, see Spirit, (Arrack.) 
 
 BASSIN, Pelvis — b. Ocidaire, Scaphium ocu- 
 lare. 
 
 BASSINER, to foment. 
 
 BASSINET, Pelvis of the kidney. Ranunculus 
 bulbosus. 
 
 BAS'SORA, GUM. A gum, obtained from a 
 plant unknown, which came originally from the 
 neighbourhood of Bassora, on the Gulf of Per- 
 sia, whence its name. It is in irregularly shaped 
 pieces, white or yellow, and intermediate in its 
 transparency between gum Arabic and gum tra- 
 gacanth. Only a small portion is soluble in 
 water. The insoluble portion is a peculiar prin- 
 ciple, called Baesorin. It is not used in medi- 
 cine; but bassorin enters into the composition of 
 several substances. 
 
 BASSORIN, see Bassora gum. 
 
 BASSWOOD, Tilia. 
 
 BATA, Musa Paradisiaca. 
 
 BATABAS, Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 BATA'TAS. The inhabitants of Peru gave 
 this appellation to several tuberous roots, espe- 
 cially to Convolvulus Batatas or Sweet Potato. 
 Our word. Potato, comes from this. 
 
 BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS, see Pec- 
 toral Drops, Bateman's. 
 
 BATERION, Bathron. 
 
 BATES'S ANODYNE BALSAM, Linimentum 
 saponis et opii. 
 
 BATH, Anglo-Saxon, ba^, Bal'neum, Bala- 
 ne'um, Baline'um, Loutron, (F.) Bain. Immer- 
 sion, or stay, for a longer or shorter duration, of 
 the whole or a part of the body, in some_medium, 
 as water. Act of plunging into a liquid, sand, 
 or other substance, in which it is the custom to 
 bathe. Plunge Bath. Also, the vessel in which 
 the water is put for bathing. Also, a public or 
 private establishment for bathing. 
 
 In Pharmacy, a vessel, placed over a fire, an'l 
 filled with any substance, into which another 
 vessel is placed, containing matters for digestion, 
 evaporation, or distillation. 
 
 Bath, Acip, Bal'ne^tm vc"idum {Acid. muriaU 
 Ibij ; A^um, cong. Ixvi. One half, one third, or 
 one fourth the quantity of acid is more frcquentiv 
 employed.) 
 
 Bath, Acid, Scott's, see Scott's Acid Batb. 
 
 Bath, Air, Hot, ;iee Bath, hot — b. Air, warni, 
 see Bath, hot. 
 
 Bath, Al'kaline, Bal'neum alkali'num. ITiif 
 
BATH 
 
 128 
 
 BATISSE 
 
 may be made of half a pound or a pound ofpearl- 
 a-ih or of carbonate of soda, to sixty-six gallons 
 of water. 
 
 Bath, An'imal, Balneum Anima'le, consists in 
 wrapping an animal recently killed, or its skin, 
 around the body, or some part of it. 
 
 Bath, Antipsor'ic, Bal'neum antipso'rictim. 
 Eecommended in cases of itch and other cuta- 
 neous diseases. {Potass, sidphuret. ^iv, Aqum 
 eong. Ix.) 
 
 Bath, Antisyphiht'ic, BaVnevm antisypJiiUt'- 
 ioum, 3Iercu'rial bath. Made by dissolying from 
 tv/o drachms to an ounce of the corrosive chloride 
 of mercury in sixty gallons of water. 
 
 Bath, Arm, Brachilu'vhtm. A bath for the arm. 
 
 Bath, Cold, see Bath, hot — b. Cool, see Bath, 
 hot. 
 
 Bath, Dry, is one made of ashes, salt, sand, 
 &o. The ancients used these frequently for the- 
 rapeutical purposes. 
 
 Bath, Earth, Arenatio. 
 
 Bath, Elec'tric, (F.) Bain electrique, consists 
 ia placing the person upon an insulated stool, 
 communicating, by a metallic wire, with the 
 principal conductor of the electrical machine in 
 action. The Electric Bath produces general ex- 
 citement of all the functions, and especially of 
 the circulation and secretions. 
 
 Bath, Foot, Pedilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Pied, 
 a bath for the feet. 
 
 Bath, GELAT'iuotrs, Bal'ncum r/elatino' sum. 
 Made by dissolving two pounds of t/elatin in a 
 gallon of water. 
 
 Bath, General, (P.) Bain Entier, is one in 
 which the whole body is plunged, except the 
 head ; in contradistinction to the partial bath, 
 Merobalane' nm, Merobal'neum. 
 
 Bath, Half, Scmicu'pinm, Excathis'mn, In- 
 ccs'sio, Inces'sKs, is one adapted for half the body. 
 Oae, for receiving only the hips or extremities, is 
 also so called. 
 
 The Sitz-bath, (G.) Sitzbad, of the hydropa- 
 thists is a tub of cold water, in which the patient 
 sits for a variable period. 
 
 Bath, Hand, Ilamdu'vium, (F.) Bain de 3Iain 
 ou JIanuluve, is a bath for the hands. 
 
 Bath, Head, Oapitilu'rium, (F.) Bain de TCte 
 ou Oap>itiluve, a bath for the head. 
 
 Bath, Hip, Coxalu'vium, (F.) Bain de Fan- 
 teail, Bain de Sieye, is one in which the lower 
 part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs 
 are immersed. 
 
 ^ATH, Hot, Balneum Cal'idum, Zestolu'sia, 
 (F.) Bain chaud, is a bath, the temperature of 
 which is 98° and upwards; the Warm Bath 
 from 92° to 98°; the Tepid Bath, (F.) Bain 
 Tiede, Balneum tep>'idum, from 85° to 92°; the 
 Tesiperats Bath, (F.) Bain tempere, from 75° 
 to 85°; the Cool Bath, (F.) Bain frais, from 
 C0° to 75° ; the Cold Bath, Balneum, frig' idum, 
 Fririida'rium, (F.) Bain froid, Bain tres froid, 
 (of "some,) from 30° to 60°; and the Vapour 
 Bath, Balneurn vapo'ris, (F.) Bain de Vaf^eur, 
 Etuve Humide, from 100° to 130°, and upwards. 
 See Vaporarium. A Warm Air Bath, or Hot 
 Air Bath, consists of air the temperature of 
 which is raised. 
 
 Bath, Med'icated, Balnewn Medica'tum, (F.) 
 Bain medicinal, is a bath, formed of decoctions 
 sr infusions of vegetable substances, or of any in- 
 gredient, introduced into the water for therapeu- 
 tical puiposcs. 
 
 BiTH, JIercurial, Bath, antisyphilitic — b. 
 *f itro -muriatic acid, Scott's acid bath. 
 
 Bath, Plunge, see Bath. 
 
 Bath, Sand, Balneum Are'na, (F.) Bain de 
 Sable, consists of a vesse^ filled with sand, and 
 placed over the fire Inlo this vessel, the one is 
 
 put which contains the substance to be evapo- 
 rated. See Psammismus. 
 
 Bath, Sea AVater, Balneum Mar'ice, (F.) 
 Bain 3Iarie, consists of a vessel filled with boil- 
 ing sea water, or salt water, in which the vessel 
 is placed, that contains the substance to be eva- 
 porated. Bain Marie is, however, at the present 
 day often employed for any form of water bath. 
 
 Bath, Shower, Impln'vinm, is one in which 
 the water is made to fall like a shower on the 
 body. See Douche. 
 
 Bath, Sitz, see Bath, half. 
 
 Bath, Steam, may be formed bj' introducing 
 steam into a properly closed vessel in place of 
 water, as in the water bath. 
 
 Bath, Succes'sion, Transition bath. A term 
 applied to the rapid succession or transition from 
 a cold to a warm or hot bath, or conversely. — Bell. 
 
 Bath, Sulphur, Bal'neum Sulph'vris. A bath 
 much used in psora, and other chronic cutaneous 
 afi"ections. It may be composed of two ounces 
 of diluted sulphuric acid, and eight ounces of 
 sulphuret of potassium added to each bath. 
 
 Bath, Tan. An astringent bath, prepared, at 
 times, by boiling two or three handfuls of ground 
 oak-bark, — such as is used by tanners — in two 
 or three quarts of water, for half an hour, and 
 then adding the decoction to the water of the 
 bath. 
 
 Bath, Temperate, see Bath, hot — b. Tepid, 
 see Bath, hot. 
 
 Bath, Transition, Bath, succession. 
 
 Bath, Vapour, see Bath, hot, and Vapora- 
 rium — b. Warm, see Bath, hot. 
 
 Bathing is much employed in the treatment of 
 disease. The cold bath, especially the cold sea 
 bath, is a sedative and indirect tonic : the warm 
 bath a relaxant; and the hot bath a stimulant. 
 
 The regular use of the bath is exti-emely con- 
 ducive to health ; but if too much indulged in, it 
 is apt to produce injurious effects. 
 
 BATH, MINERAL WATEES OF, AqucB 
 Batho'nia vel Bad'izce., ArjucB iSolis, Aqiice Bud'- 
 if/ucs. Celebrated thermal springs at Bath, in 
 England. They contain but little impregnation, 
 and are chiefly indebted to their temperature, 
 from 112° to 117° Fahrenheit, for their utility. 
 The main ingredients are sulphate of lime, chlo- 
 ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, carbonate of 
 lime, protoxide of iron, free carbonic acid and 
 azote. 
 
 These waters are employed in the most hete- 
 rogeneous cases ; and are serviceable where the 
 simple thermal springs are indicated, as in rheu- 
 matism, paralysis, &c. 
 
 BA'THER, same etymon ; Balnea'rins, Bali- 
 nea'tor. Balnea' tor, (F. ) Baigneur. One who 
 bathes. Anciently, the name was given to those 
 that administered baths to the diseased, — the 
 Etnvistes of the French. At the present day, in 
 remote districts in Germany, the country people 
 call their medical practitioners Bader, or 'bath- 
 men,' and Feldscheeren, or 'army barbers.' 
 
 BATHMIS, Bathmns, 'base, suipport.' The 
 cavity of a bone, Avhieh receives the eminence of 
 another; and especiallj' tlie two Fosscttes at the 
 inferior extremity of the humerus into which the 
 processes of the ulna are received, during the 
 flexion and extension of the fore-arm. 
 
 BATHRON, Bathrum Jlippoc'ratis, Scamjium 
 Hippoc'ratis, Bate'rion, 'a step, a ladder.' (F.) 
 Banc d'lJippocrate. An instrument, used for the 
 extension of a limb, in cases of fracture or luxa- 
 tion. The description of it is found in Galen, 
 Oribasius, and Scultetus, with a figure. 
 
 BATHRUM HIPPOCRATIS, Bathron. 
 
 BATIA, Retort. 
 
 BATISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ea- 
 
BATOS 
 
 129 
 
 BEBjEERU 
 
 Visse is three leagues from Clermont, in France. 
 The water is tepid, and contains subcarbonate 
 und sulphate of soda, sulphates of lime and iron, 
 muriate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime. 
 
 BATOS, Rubus Idssus. 
 
 BATRACHUS, Ranula. 
 
 BATTALISM'US, Battaris'mna, from jSarra- 
 fav. ' to stammer.' Balbuties. Stammering with 
 incapacity to pronounce the R. 
 
 BATT'ALUS, Bat'tarus, same etymon. A 
 Stammerer, a stutterer. 
 
 BATTARISMUS, Battalismus. 
 
 BATTARUS, Battalus. 
 
 BATTATA VIRGINIANA, Solanum tubero- 
 sum. 
 
 BATTE2TENS DOUBLES, see Bruit du 
 Cixur fvetal. 
 
 BATTEMENT, Pulsation. 
 
 BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Baudricourt is a town of France, two leagues 
 and a half from Mirecourt. The waters are sul- 
 phureous. 
 
 BAUDRUCHES, Condom. 
 
 BAUHIN, VALVE OF, Valve of TuL'nus, 
 V. of Fallo'pius, V. of Varo'lius, ll'eo-coecal 
 Yalve, Ileo-colic Valve, VaV cula llei, Val'vula 
 Colt, V. Ooeoi, Oper'culnm Hei, Sphincter llei. 
 This name is given to the valve situate trans- 
 versely at the place where the ileum opens into 
 the coecum, and which Bauhin says he discovered 
 at Paris, in 1759. It had, however, been pre- 
 viously described by several anatomists; as by 
 Yidus Vidius, Postius, &o. 
 
 BAUME, Balsam — b. d'Aeier, Balsam, chaly- 
 beate — b. Aromatique, Balsam, aromatic — b. d' Ai- 
 guilles, Balsam, chalybeate — b. Apoplectique, Bal- 
 sam, apoplectic — 6. d'Arccsus, Arcajus, balsam of; 
 see, also, Balsam of Arcseus — b. d'Arceua, Un- 
 guentum elemi eompositum— 6. Benjoin, Benjamin 
 b. Blanc, see Amyris Opobalsamum — b. du Bresil, 
 Copaiba — b. de Canada, see Pinus balsamea — b. 
 de Cannelle, Laurus cinnamomum — h. de Carpa- 
 thie, Balsam of Carpathia — h. de CartJiac/ene, see 
 Toluifera balsamum — b. de Constantinople blanc, 
 see Amyris opobalsamum — -b. de Copahu, Copaiba 
 — b. Cordiale de Sennerte, Balsam, cordial, of 
 Sennertus — b. d'Eau d fenilles ridees, Mentha 
 crispa — b. de FeuiUet, Balsam, green, of Metz — 
 b. de Fioraventi spirititeuse. Balsam, spirituous, 
 of Fioraventi — b. de Fourcroy ou de Laborde, 
 Balsam of Fourcroy or Laborde — b. de Galaad, 
 see Amyris opobalsamum — 6. de Genevieve, Bal- 
 sam of Genevieve — h. Grand, Tanacetum bal- 
 samita — b. du Grand Caire, see Amyris opobal- 
 samum — b. Hypnotique, Balsam, Hypnotic — b. 
 Hi/stiriqne, Balsam, hysteric — h. des Jardins, 
 Mentha viridis — b. de Lucatel, Balsam, Luca- 
 telli's — b. Nervin, Balsam, nervous — b. de Perou, 
 see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. du Sumaritain, 
 Balsam of the Samaritan — b. Saxon, Balsam, 
 Saxon — b. de Soufre, Balsam of sulfur — b. 
 de Synipathie, Balsam of sympathy — b. Tran- 
 qnille. Balsam, tranquil — b. de Tolu, see Tolui- 
 fera balsamum — b. de Vanille, Vanilla — b. Vert, 
 see Fagara octandra — 6. Vert de Metz, Balsam, 
 green, of Metz — b. de Vie d' Hoffmann, Balsam 
 of Life, of Hoffmann — b. de Vie de Lelievre, Tinc- 
 tura aloes composita — 6. Vrai, see Amyris opo- 
 balsamum — b. Vulneraire de Minderer, Balsam, 
 vulnerary, of Mindererus. 
 
 BAURAC, (Arab.) Nitre, or salt in general. 
 From this word comes Borax. 
 
 BAURIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baurin 
 is a village ibur leagues from Roye, department 
 of Somme. The waters are strongly chalybeate. 
 
 BAVE, (F.) Sali'va ex ore fiuens, Spuma, Hu- 
 mor Sali'vus. Frothy, thick, viscid saliva, issu- 
 ing from the mouth. This drivelling or slaver- 
 
 ing, we see in children, old people, <S;e. The term 
 is, also, applied to the frothy liquid, which flows 
 from the mouth of rabid animals. Sauvages uses 
 it synonymously with salivation. 
 
 BAY, CASTOR, Magnolia glauea — b. Rose, 
 Rhododendron chrysanthemum — b. Rose, Ame- 
 rican, Pbhododendron maximum — b. Sweet, Lau- 
 rus — b. White, Magnolia glauea and M. macro- 
 phylla. 
 
 BDALSIS, Sucking. 
 
 BDELLA, Hirudo. 
 
 BDEL'LIUM. Myrrha imperfec'ta, Bolclion, 
 Madeleon, Balohus. A gum-resin, brought from 
 the Levant and India, and supposed to be ob- 
 tained from a species of Amyris, little known. 
 It is solid, brittle, of a deep brown colour, of an 
 acrid and bitter taste, and sweet odour. It was 
 much vaunted by the ancients, but is now little 
 employed. Two different gum-resins have been 
 in the shops distinguished by the names Indian 
 and African bdellium. Dr. Royle was informed 
 that the former was obtained from Am'yris Com- 
 miph'ora, growing in India and Madagascar. 
 The latter is said to be from Heudelo'tia Afri- 
 ca'na, which grows in Senegal. 
 
 BDELLOM'ETER, from fiSeWa, 'a leech,' and 
 fiETpov, ' measure.' An instrument, proposed as 
 a substitute for the leech ; inasmuch as we can 
 tell the quantity of blood obtained by it, whUst 
 we cannot by the leech. It consists of a cupping- 
 glass, to which a scarificator and exhausting 
 syringe are attached. 
 
 BDELLUS, Fart. 
 
 BDELYGMIA, Fart. 
 
 BDELTGMUS, Fart. 
 
 BDESMA, Flatulence. 
 
 BDOLUS, Fart. 
 
 BEAD TREE, Melia Azedarach. 
 
 BEAN, CARTHAGENA, Habilla de Cartha- 
 gena — b. Egyptian, Nymphaa nelumbo — b. 
 French, Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Garden, com- 
 mon, Vicia faba — b. Indian, Catalpa — b. Kidney, 
 Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Malacca, Avicennia to- 
 mentosa — b. Pontic, Nymphasa nelumbo — ^b. 
 Red, Abrus precatorius — b. Sacred, Nelumbium 
 luteum — b. St. Ignatius's, IgTiatia amara — b. 
 Trefoil tree, see Cytisine. 
 
 BEAN TREE, WHITE, Crataegus aria. 
 
 BEARBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 BEARD, Barba, Pogon, Genei'on, Barbi'tium, 
 (F.) Barbe. The hair which covers a part of the 
 cheeks, the lips, and chin of the male sex, at the 
 age of puberty. 
 
 BEAR'S BREECH, Acanthus mollis— b. Foot, 
 Helleborus fostidus — b. Fright, Heptallon gra- 
 veolens — b. Whortleberry, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 BEARWEED, Veratrum viiide. 
 
 BEASTINGS, Colostrum. 
 
 BEATING OF THE HEART, see Heart. 
 
 BEAUGENCY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Orleans. 
 The waters contain subcarbonate of soda, iron, 
 magnesia, and lime. They are tonic and ape- 
 rient. 
 
 BEAUMONT ROOT, Gillenia trifoliata. 
 
 BEAUVAIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters are chalybeate. Beauvais is in 
 Picardie, France. 
 
 BEAVER, Castor fiber — b. Wood, Magnolia 
 glauea — b. Tree, Magnolia macrophylla. 
 
 BEBEERIA. see JBebeeru. 
 
 BEBEERINE, see Bebeeru. 
 
 BEBEERU, Sipeeri. A tree of British Gui- 
 ana, which yields two alkalies — Bebeerin, Bebee- 
 ri'na, Bebee'ria, and Sipeerine ; and in its pro- 
 perties resembles the Cinchona. It has been re- 
 ferred to Nectan' dra Rodiei. The timber of th» 
 tree is known to ship-builders by the name gree-m. 
 
hEV 
 
 130 
 
 BELLESME 
 
 "Keart. The Sulphate of Beheeria has been em- 
 ployed in intermittents. Warhurg's Fever Drops, 
 Tinctu'ra antifebri' lis Warhur'gi, an empirical 
 antipeiiodic preparation, have by some been con- 
 sidered to be a tincture of the seeds of the Be- 
 beeru, but this is questionable. 
 
 BEG, (F.) Rostrum, Beak. This name has 
 been applied to various parts. 
 
 BEC CORAOOIDIEN, (F.) Cor'acoid beak, 
 \i the end of the coracoid process. 
 
 BEG BE GUILLER, Ham'ulus. An instru- 
 ment used for the extraction of balls. It consists 
 of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having at one 
 extremity a small cavity, into which the ball is 
 received to be drawn outwards. See Coehleari- 
 formis. ^ 
 
 BEG BE GRUE MUSQUE, Geranium Mos- 
 chatum — 6. de Griie Bobertin, Geranium Roberti- 
 anum — b. de Lievre, Harelip. 
 
 BEG BE LA PLUME A ECRTRE, (F.) 
 Beak of the Galamus Scripto'rius, is a small cavity 
 at the superior part of the medulla oblongata, 
 which forms part of the 4th ventricle. 
 
 BEG (Le,) mineral AVATERS OF. Bee 
 is sis leagues from Rouen, in Normandy. The 
 water is strongly chalybeate. 
 
 BBCCABUNGA, Veronica Beceabunga. 
 
 BBCH^STHE'SIS, from ffn^, 'cough,' and 
 aiadridLs, 'sensation.' The excitement or desire 
 to cough. 
 
 BECHIA, Tussis. 
 
 BECHIAS, Tussis. 
 
 BE'CHICS, Be'cMca, Becha, Bec'chica, Be'- 
 ehita, from (irj^, 'cough,' (F.) Bechiqv.es. Medi- 
 cines adapted for allaying cough. 
 
 BECHITA, Be chic. 
 
 BECHIUM, Tussilago. 
 
 BECHORTHOPN(EA, Pertussis. 
 
 BECUIBA, Ibicuiba. 
 
 BED'EGAR, Bedeguar, Bedegnard, Spon'gia 
 Cynos'bati, Fungus Rosa'riim, F. Gynos'hati, (F.) 
 Pomme mousseuse, Ep)onge d'eglantier. An ex- 
 crescence, which makes its appearance on dif- 
 ferent species of wild roses, and which is pro- 
 duced by the puncture of a small insect, — Gy- 
 nipa RoscB. It was formerly employed as a 
 iidiontriptie and vermifuge, but is not now used. 
 It was slightly astringent. 
 
 BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bed- 
 ford is a village, situate on the great Western 
 Turnpike road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, a 
 few miles east of the chief elevation of the Alle- 
 ghany mountains. There are various springs, 
 saline, chalybeate and sulphureous. — The most 
 celebrated contains carbonic acid, sulphate of 
 magnesia, chlorides of sodium and calcium, and 
 carbonate of iron. 
 
 BEDSTRAW, Galium verum — b. Ladies, 
 greater, Galium mollugo, Galium verum — b. 
 Rough, Galium asprellum — b. Ladies, rough, 
 '. Galium asprellum. 
 
 BEE, Sax. beo. Apis, A. mellifica seu domest'iea, 
 ifelis'sa, Melitta, (F.) Abcille. This insect was 
 formerly exhibited, when dried and powdered, as 
 • diuretic. 
 
 Bee tn the Bo^■~s^ET, see Insanity. 
 
 BEEBREAD, Propolis. 
 
 BEECH, Fagus sylvatica — b. Drop, Orobanehe 
 Virginiana — b. Drops, false, Hypopitys lanugi- 
 nosa — b. Albany, Pterospora Andromedea — b. 
 Mast, see Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 BEEF ESSENCE, see Beef tea. 
 Beep Tk^, Jus bovi'num. An infusion of beef, 
 much Uoed iu debilitating mahidies, and in con- 
 val.-seence. It maybe m.ado as follows: Take 
 two pounds and a half of lean beef; cut it in 
 eiaall pieces into three parts of neater in an earthen 
 pi;)kiii : let this simmer, but never boil, until the 
 
 liquor is consumed to a pint and a half: then 
 strain carefully. It ought to be entirely free 
 from fat or grease. — Dr. E. J. Seymour. 
 
 Essence of beef — as it has been called — may be 
 made by putting a pound of good beef, freed from 
 fat, and cut into small pieces, into a porter-bottle, 
 corking lightly. The bottle must be put into 
 boiling waiter, and kept there until the water has 
 been boiling at least half an hour. As the boiling 
 goes on, the cork may be inserted a little more 
 tightly, to retain the contents of the bottle. The 
 juices" of the beef are thus separated, and consti- 
 tute the ' essence,' which may be seasoned to tho 
 taste. It contains much nutriment. 
 
 BEEN, Centaurea behen. 
 
 BEEPi,, Cerevisia — b. Black, see Falltranck — 
 b. Pipsissewa, see Pyrola umbellata. 
 
 BEET, Beta. 
 
 BEGAIE21ENT, Balbuties. 
 
 BEGMA, — according to some. Bregma, — from 
 0i]iTctiv or ppr!a(7€iv, ' to expectorate after cough- 
 ing.' Coughing; also, the sputum or expectorated 
 matter. — Hippocrates. 
 
 BEGO'NIA. The Begonia grandifo'ra and 
 B. tomento'sa have astringent roots, which are 
 used iu Peru in cases of hemorrhage, scurvy, low 
 fevers, &c. 
 
 BEGUE, Eialbus. 
 
 BEHEN ABIAB, Centaurea behen — h. Al- 
 bum, Centaurea behen — 5. Ofi&cinarum, Cucu- 
 balus behen — b. Rouge, Statice limonium — b. 
 Vulgaris, Cucubalus behen. 
 
 BEHMEN ACKMAR, Statice limonium. 
 
 BEIAHALALEN, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 BEIDELSAR, Asclepias procera. 
 
 BEJUIO, HabUla de Carthagena. 
 
 BELA-AYE or BE-LAHE. A tonic and 
 astringent bark of a Madagascar tree. Du-petit- 
 Thouars and Sonnerat think it may be substi- 
 tuted for the Simarouba. 
 
 BELADAMBOC. A species of convolvulus of 
 the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid mUky 
 juice. From this a liniment is formed with oil 
 and ginger, which is used against the bites of 
 rabid animals. 
 
 BE-LAHE, Eela-aye. 
 
 BELA-MODAGAM. A kind of F.crp-ola of 
 the Malabar coast, the leaves of which are con- 
 sidered diuretic and emmenagogue. 
 
 BELANDRE, (F.) A litter, surrounded with 
 curtains, in which patients are sometimes carried 
 to hospitals. 
 
 BELCHING, Eructation. 
 
 BELEMNOID, Belenoid. 
 
 BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 BEL'ENOID, BEL'ONOID, BEL'EMNOID 
 or BEL'OID, BelenoVdes or Belemn«i' des Pro- 
 ces'sus, from jicXos, 'an arrow,' and eiSo;, 'shape.' 
 This name has been given to styloid procesgea 
 in general — Processus belenoVdes. 
 
 BELESME, see Bellesme. 
 
 BELESON, Balsam, Musssenda frondosa. 
 
 BELILLA, Mussfenda frondosa. 
 
 BELINUM, Apium Graveolens. 
 
 BELI OCULUS, Belloculus. 
 
 BELL, CANTERBURY, Campanula trachc- 
 lium. 
 
 BELLABONE, Atropa belladonna. 
 
 BELLADON'NA, in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States, is the officinal name of the leavta 
 of Atropa Belladonna. 
 
 Belladonna Baccifera, Atropa belladonnn^ — 
 b. Trichotoma, Atropa belladonna. 
 
 BELLE BAME, Atropa belladonna. 
 
 BELLEGU. Myrobalanus. 
 
 BELLEREGI, Mvrobalanus. 
 
 BELLESME, MINERAL WATERS OP. 
 
BELLEY 
 
 131 
 
 BENZOIN 
 
 B^llcsme is about three leagues from Montagne 
 in France. The waters are chalybeate. 
 
 BELLEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 Waters at Belley, department of Ain, in France, 
 are saline aperients. 
 
 BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum leucan- 
 themiim. 
 
 BELLIS, Belliis ('pretty,') B. peren'nia seu 
 minor seu horten'sis, Si/m'phytum tnin'imum, 
 Sriiisewort, Common Daisy, (F.) Paquerette vi- 
 vace, petite Margaevite. The leaves and ilowers 
 are rather acrid. They were, at one time, con- 
 sidered to cure different species of wounds. See 
 Osmitopsis asteriscoides. 
 
 Bellis Horten'sis, Bellis — b. Major, Chrysan- 
 themum leucanthemum — b. Minor, Bellis — b. 
 Perennis, Bellis — b. Pratensis, Chrysanthemum 
 leucanthemum. 
 
 BELL METAL, Cal'cocoa, (F.) Airain, iUtal 
 dee cloches. An alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a 
 small quantity of antimony, used for making 
 bells. The mortars of the apothecary are often 
 formed of this material. They require to be kept 
 clean, to avoid the formation of verdigris. 
 
 BELLOC'ULUS, Beli Oc'idus. A kind of gem, 
 which the Assyrians considered efficacious in the 
 cure of many diseases. They imagined that the 
 figure of an eye could be seen in it, and hence its 
 name, Bel's Eye. 
 
 BELLON, Colic, metallic. 
 
 BELLOTAS, see Ilex major. 
 
 BELLOWS' SOUND, Bndtde sovfflet—h.s.lEn. 
 cephalic, see Bruit de soufflet. 
 
 Bellows' Sound, Funic, a single murmur of 
 the bellows kind, synchronous with the first 
 sound of the heart; heard by some observers, 
 and referred by them to diminished calibre of the 
 umbilical arteries, either by pressure or stretching 
 of the funis, or both. 
 
 Bellows' Sound, Placental, Briiit placen- 
 taire. 
 
 BELLWORT, SMALLER, Ilvularia perfoliata. 
 
 BELLY, Venter; from Ir. bolg, 'the belly, a 
 bag or pouch.' At the present day, the abdomen. 
 Formerly, all the splanchnic cavities were called 
 bellies; — the lower belli/, venter in'Jimus, being 
 the abdomen ; the middle helly, venter me'dius, 
 the thorax; and the upper belli/, venter supre'mus, 
 the head. Also, the womb. See Venter. 
 
 BELLY-ACH, Colica — b. Dry, Colic, me- 
 tallic — b. Root, Angelica lucida. 
 
 BELLY-BAND, Belt, Russian. 
 
 BELLY, POT, Physconia. 
 
 BELMUSCHIJS, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 BELNILEG, Myrobalanus. 
 
 BELOID, Belenoid. 
 
 BELOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid processes. 
 
 BELONE, Needle. 
 
 BELONODES, Styloid. 
 
 BELONOID, Belenoid. 
 
 BEL'S EYE, Bclloculus. 
 
 BELT, RUSSIAN, Fe«<ra7e,— vulgarly, Belty- 
 hand, — Abdominal sup2Jorter. A broad bandage 
 applied to the abdomen, so as to support, and 
 make methodical pressure upon it. Different 
 forms have been termed obstetric binders, utero- 
 abdomlnal supporters, etc. 
 
 BELUL'CUxM, from jStXof, 'a dart,' and 'c\ku>, 
 'I draw out.' An instrument used for extracting 
 darts or arrows. Many instruments of this kind 
 have been noticed by surgeons. — Ambrose Par6, 
 Fabricius ab Aquapendente. 
 
 BELZOE, Benjamin. 
 ■ BELZOIM, Benjamin. 
 
 BELZOINUM, Benjamin. 
 
 BEN, Guilandina moringa — b. of Judsea, Ben 
 iamin — b. Nut, Guilandina moringa. 
 
 EENATH, Pustule. 
 
 BENEDIOTA SYLVESTRIS, Geum rivale. 
 
 BENEDICTUM LAXATIVUM, Confectio 
 sennffi. 
 
 BENiFIGE BE LA NATURE, Beneficium 
 natur£E — b. de Ventre, see Beneficium naturse. 
 
 BENEFICIUM NATU'R^, (F.) Benefice de 
 la nature. This term is used by the French pa- 
 thologists, for cases, in which diseases have got 
 well without medical treatment. With them. 
 Benefice de nature, or B. de ventre, is synonymous 
 also v/ith Alvi Profiu'vium ; — a spontaneous diar- 
 rhoea, often acting favourably either in the pre- 
 vention or cure of disease. 
 
 BENEL, Croton racemosum. 
 
 BENEOLENS, from bene, 'well,' ando?ere, 'to 
 smell.' Euo'des, Suaveolejis. A sweet-scented 
 medicine, as gums, &g. 
 
 BENG, Bangue. 
 
 BENGALE INDORUM, Cassumuniar. 
 
 BENGAL ROOT, Cassumuniar. 
 
 BENGI, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 BENIGN', Benig'nus, Eueth'es, (F.) Benin, 
 Benigne. Diseases of a mild character are e« 
 called : as well as medicines whose action is not 
 violent, as a Benign Fever, Febris benig'na im- 
 pu'tris, &c. 
 
 BENIN, Benign. 
 
 BEN'JAMIN, Ben'zoin, Benzo'inum.{Vh. U. S. ), 
 Benzo'inum verum, Benzo'inum, Assa odora'ta., 
 Benjui, Benjuin, Assa dulcis, Ben'jaoy, Benjo'- 
 ,inum, Belzoe, Belzoim, Ben'zoe, Sty'rncie Benzo'- 
 ini Bal'samum, Liquor Cyreni.'acns, Croton Ben- 
 zo^Ben of Juda'a, Acor Benzo'inuS, Sal Ac"idum 
 seu tssentia'le seu volat'ile Benzoes, (F.) Benjoin, 
 Banme Benjoin, Assa doux, A resinous, drj', 
 brittle substance, obtained from Styrax Benzoin, 
 Arbor Benivi, Laurus Benzoin, of Sumatra. The 
 odour is extremely fragrant, and taste slightly 
 aromatic. It is principally used for the prepara- 
 tion of the acid which it contains. It is also 
 employed in some vulnerary tinctures, and as an 
 expectorant. Benzoic Acid, Ac"idum Benzo'icum, 
 is obtained from it by sublimation. The purest 
 Benjamin is in amygdaloid masses: hence called 
 (F.) Benjoin amgydalo'ide. 
 
 Ben'jamin, Flowees of, Ben'zoie Acid, Ae"- 
 idum Benzo'icum, Flores Benzoes, Flores Benzo'- 
 ini, Ac"idum Benzo'icum per sublimatio'nem, (F.) 
 Acide Benzoique. This acid exists in all the 
 balsams, but chiefly in Benzoin, from which it is 
 obtained by sublimation. It is in vanilla, canella, 
 the urine of infants, and of herbivorous animals. 
 Its odour is aromatic and fragrant ; taste hot, 
 slightly acidulous, and agreeable. The crystals 
 consist of white, satiny flakes, slightly ductile. 
 It is probably stimulant; and has been used, as 
 such, in chronic catarrh; iDut it has little efiieacy. 
 
 BENJAOY, Benjamin. 
 
 BENJOINUM, Benjamin. 
 
 BENJUL Benjamin. 
 
 BEN MOENJA. A Malabar tree. An alexU 
 pharmic decoction is made of its roots, in the 
 country, which is much praised in cases of ma- 
 lignant fever. Its bark, boiled with Calamus 
 aromaticus and salt, forms a decoction used iu 
 bites of poisonous serpents. 
 BENNE, Sesamum orientale. 
 BENNET, HERB, Geum urbanum, and G. 
 Virginianum. 
 
 BENOITE, Geum urbanum — b. Aqvatiquc, 
 Geum rivale — b. des Ruisseaux, Geum rivale — 
 h. de Virginie, Geum Virginianum 
 BENZIN, see Ansesthetic. 
 BENZOATE OF AMMONIA, Ammonia beiv 
 zoas. 
 
 BENZOE, Benjamin. 
 BBNZOENIL, Vanilla. 
 
 BENZOIN, Benjamin — b. Odorilerum Laimu 
 Benzoin. 
 
BERBERIKE 
 
 132 
 
 BEZOAR 
 
 BERBERINE, see Oxycantha Galeni. 
 
 • BERBERIS, Oxycantha Galeni— b. Canaden- 
 sis, see Oxycantha Galeni. 
 
 BERGE, Hcraclenm spondylinm. 
 
 BERENDAROS, Ocymum basilieum. 
 
 BERENICE, Succinum. 
 
 BERENICIUM, Potasste nitras. 
 
 BERENISECUM, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 
 BERGAMOTE, Bergamot' ta, (E.) Bcrgamotte. 
 A small orange, of a very agreeble taste; and 
 peculiar odour. From its bark an oil. Oleum 
 Berga'mii, (Ph. U.S.) is obtained, ■which is much 
 employed as a perfume, and sometimes in medi- 
 cine. 
 
 BER'IBERI, Berihe'ria, Syn'clonm Berihe'- 
 ria, Indosyn' clonus, Paral'yais Ber'iberi, from 
 beri in the Singhalese language, Tvhich signifies 
 
 * weakness ,■' therefore, beriberi, ' great 'weakness.' 
 This word is also said to be Hindusthanee, and 
 to mean sl sheep. — Bontius. Beriberi is an In- 
 dian disease, little known in Europe. It con- 
 sists in debility and tremors of the limbs, — some- 
 times, indeed, of the whole body; with painful 
 Dumbness of the affected parts, <fee. : — the patient 
 walking doubled; and imitating the movements 
 of sheep ! Some authors have esteemed it rheu- 
 matic ; others, paralytic ; others, to be a kind of 
 chorea. It is, almost always, incurable ; is 
 rarely fatal; and is treated by exercise, stimu- 
 lant friction, sudorifics, &c. It is sometimes 
 .-ailed Bar'biers, but this would seem to be a 
 4ififerent disease. 
 
 BERICOCCE, Prunus armeniaca. 
 
 BERLE NODIFLORE, Slum. 
 
 BERL UE, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 BERMU'DAS, CLIMATE OF. Pulmonary 
 invalids are occasionally sent to Bermuda, but 
 the pjrincipal objection to a winter residence 
 there, is the prevalence of strong winds ; espe- 
 cially of the dry, sharp, and cold north-west 
 winds, during the winter and spring. Still, it 
 affords a good winter retreat for the phthisical, 
 from any part of the United States, provided due 
 care be selected in choosing a suitable locality. 
 The neighbourhood of Hamilton has been stiongly 
 recommended with this view. 
 
 BERNARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus. 
 
 BERRIES, INDIAN, see Menispermum coc- 
 culus — ^b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba. 
 
 BERS. A sort of electuary, composed of pep- 
 per, seed of the white hyoseyamus, opium, euphor- 
 Mum, saffron^ &c. The Egyptians used it as an 
 excitant. — Prospero Alpini. 
 
 BERU, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bern is 
 in Champagne, France. The waters are slightly 
 chalybeate. 
 
 BERULA, Slum nodiflorum — b. Angustifolia, 
 Sium nodiflorum. 
 
 BESASA, Ruta. 
 
 BESICLES, Spectacles. 
 
 BESOIN, Want — h. de Respirer, see Want — 
 1. de la Vie, Necessary of life. 
 
 BESSANEM. A word used by Avicenna, for 
 redness of the skin, limbs, and face, produced by 
 the action of cold. 
 
 BESSON, lor. 11 
 
 BESSONNE, \ ^^® GemeUus. 
 
 BETA. The Beet, Sic'ula, (F.) Bette, Bette- 
 rave. Fani'ly, Chenopodese. Sex. Syst. Pentan- 
 dria Digynia. A genus of plants, of which the 
 lollowing are the chief varieties. 
 
 Beta Hy'briba, Root of Scarcity. Root red, 
 outside; white, within. Very nutritive; yields 
 "iigar. 
 
 Brta Vulga'ris Alba, White Beet. The root 
 yields sugar, and the leaves are eaten as a sub- 
 stitute for spiiidcn. 
 
 Beta Vtjlga'eis Rubra, Red Beet. Root red 
 and nutritive ; yields a small quantity of sugar. 
 
 BETEL, Piper Betel. A species of pepper, eul. 
 tivated in several parts of India. The East In- 
 dians are in the habit of chewing the leaves with 
 lime and areca; and they give the name Betel to 
 this preparation. It is used in all the equatorial 
 countries of Asia. Betel is said to be tonic and 
 astringent. It is also called Bette, B^tre, Betle. 
 See Areca. 
 
 BETHROOT, Trillium latifolium— fc. Broad- 
 leaf, Trillium latifolium. 
 
 BETISE, Dementia. 
 
 BETOINE, Betonica officinalis — h. des Mon- 
 tagnea, Arnica Montana — h. des Savoyards, Ar- 
 nica montana. 
 
 BETON, Colostrum. 
 
 BETONICA AQUATICA, Scrophularia aqua- 
 tica. 
 
 Beton'ica Officina'lis, Cestron, Beton'ica 
 purpu'rea, Veton'iea Cordi, <fcc., Bet'ony, Wood 
 Betony, Psychot'rophuvi, Veroni'ca purpu'reo, 
 (F.) Betoine. Family, Labiatse. Sex. Syst. Di- 
 dynamia Gymnospermia. Betony was in much 
 esteem amongst the ancients, who employed the 
 flowers and leaves, in decoction, in gout, sciatica, 
 cephalalgia, &c. It was so called, according to 
 Pliny, from being in great repute among the Yet- 
 tones, or Bettones, an ancient people of Spain. 
 Antonius Musa is said to have written a volume 
 in praise of it; recommending it in no less than 
 47 different diseases. It has, however, little or 
 no vii-tue. The leaves are said to be aperient, 
 and the root emetic. 
 
 Betonica Pauli, Veronica. 
 
 BETONY, Betonica officinalis — ^b. Paul's, Ly- 
 copus sinuatus, Lycopus Yirginicus — b. Water, 
 Scrophularia aquatica — b. Wood, Betonica offici- 
 nalis. 
 
 BETRE, Betel. 
 
 BETTE, Beta. 
 
 BETTERAVE, Beta. 
 
 BET'ULA ALBA. The Birch, (P.) Boulenn 
 commun. The young leaves are slightly odorous, 
 astringent, and bitter. They are applied to 
 wounds aud ulcers. They have been regarded 
 as antiscorbutic and anthelmintic. The tree fur- 
 nishes a saccharine juice, which is considered 
 antiscorbutic and diuretic. 
 
 Betula Emarginata, Alnus glutinosa — ^b. Glu- 
 tinosa, Alnus glutinosa. 
 
 BETtTLA Lenta, Sweet Birch, Black Birch, 
 Cherry Birch, ilountain Mahogany, is an Ameri- 
 can species, the bark and leaves of which have 
 the smell and taste of Gaultheria procumbens. 
 An infusion is sometimes made of them, and use<l 
 as an excitant and diaphoretic. The volatile oil 
 is nearly if not wholly identical with that of 
 Gaultheria. 
 
 BEURRE, Butter— 5. de Bamlouc, Butter of 
 bambouc — h. de Cacao, Butter of cacao — b. d; 
 Coco, Butter of cocoa — b. Vegetale, Pe'rsea gatis- 
 sima. 
 
 BEUVRIGNY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Beuvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeux in Nor- 
 mandy. The water is chalybeate. 
 
 BEVUE, Diplopia. 
 
 BEX, Tussis — b. Convulsiva, Pertussis — b. Hu- 
 mida. Expectoration — b. Theriodes, Pertussis. 
 
 BEXIS, Tussis. 
 
 BEXU'GO. Under this name, a purgative 
 root was formerly introduced into Europe fi-om 
 Peru. It is supposed to have been the root of a 
 Hippocratea. 
 
 BEZ'OAR, Bez'aar, Bez'ehard, Pa'zahar, from 
 f'ersian Pa, 'against,' and zahar, poison. Lapis 
 Bezoar'dicus, Cal'ctdtis Bez'oar, Enterol'ithxu Be~ 
 
BEZOABD 
 
 133 
 
 BICHOS 
 
 zoar'dtis, Bezoard. A calculous concretion, found 
 in the stomach, intestines, . and bladder of ani- 
 mals. Wonderful virtues were formerly attri- 
 buted to these Bezoars. There were two great 
 varieties : the Bez'oar orienta'le, An'imal Bezoar'- 
 ticum orienta'le, formed in the fourth stomach of 
 the gazelle of India [Gazel'la In'dica, or rather 
 Antil'ope cervica'pra :) and the Bez'oar occiden- 
 ta'te, Animal Bezoar'ticum occidenta'le, found in 
 the fourth stomach of the icild goat or chamois 
 of Peru. These substances were esteemed to be 
 powerful alexipharmics ; but the former was the 
 mor3 valued. It was believed that no poison, 
 au(? no eruptive, pestilential, or putrid disease, 
 could resist its influence. As so many virtues 
 were ascribed to it, other animal concretions were 
 substituted for it ; and factitious Bezoards were 
 made of crabs' eyes and claws, bruised and mixed 
 with musk, ambergris, &c. 
 
 Bez'oar Bovi'jtum, (F.) Bezoard de Bcevf, Be- 
 zoard of the beef. A concretion formed in the 
 fourth stomach of beeves ; also, a biliary calcu- 
 lus found in the gall-bladder. 
 
 Bez'oar of the Deer, B. of the Lach'rymal 
 Fossa of the Deer, Deer's Tears. A moist, highly 
 odorous, fatty matter, found below the anterior 
 canthus of the orbit of the red deer — Cervus el'e- 
 phas. It has been used, like castor, as an anti- 
 spasmodic, in the dose of from 5 to 15 grains, two 
 or three times a day. 
 
 Bezoar Equinum, Bezoard of the horse — b. 
 Hystricis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine. 
 
 Bez'oarb op Cayman. This was once much 
 prized. It is now unknown. 
 
 BEZOARD D'ALLE3IAGNE, ^gagropila. 
 
 Bez'oard op the Chamois, and B. op the 
 Horse, Bezoar equi'num, Hippol'ithus, &c., exhi- 
 bit their origin in the name. 
 
 Bez'oard op the Indian Por'cupine. Bez'oar 
 Hys'tricis, Lapis Porci'nus, Lapis Ilalucen' cis, 
 Petro del Porco, (F.) Bezoard de Pore-Epic, was 
 formerly the dearest of all the Bezoards, and was 
 sold at an enormous price in Spain and Portugal. 
 
 Bez'oard Mineral, Antimonium diaphoreti- 
 cum — b. Vegetable, see Calappite. 
 
 BEZOAR'DIC, Bezoar' dicus, (F.) Bezoardique; 
 concerning the bezoard. Bezoardic medicines are 
 those supposed to possess the same properties 
 with the bezoard ; as antidotes, alexiteria, alexi- 
 pharmics, cordials. 
 
 BEZOARDICA RADIX, Dorstenia contra- 
 yerva. 
 
 BEZOAR'DICUM SATUR'NI. A pharma- 
 ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients as 
 antihysteric. It was formed of protoxide of lead, 
 butter of antimony, and nitric acid. 
 
 Bezoar'dictjm Htjma'num. Urinary calculi 
 were formerly employed under this name as 
 powerful alexipharmics. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Jovia'le. A sort of greenish 
 powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of an- 
 timony, tin, mercury, 'and nitric acid. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Luna're. A medicine formerly 
 regarded as a specific in epilepsy, convulsions, 
 megrim, <fec. It was prepared of nitrate of sil- 
 ver, and butter of antimony. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Martia'le. A tonic medicine, 
 used by the ancients in diarrhoea. It was pre- 
 pared from the tritoxide of iron and butter of an- 
 timony. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Mercuria'le. A medicine, 
 formerly vaunted as an antisyphilitic, and pre- 
 pared from the mild chloride of mercury, butter 
 of antimony, and nitric acid. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Minera'le; the deutoxide of 
 antimony ; so called because its properties were 
 supposed to resemble those of animal bezoard. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Sola'ee, A diaphoretic medi- 
 
 cine, prepared of gold filings, nitric acid, and 
 
 butter of antimony. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Ven'eris. A pharmaceutical 
 preparation, formerly employed in lepra, diseases 
 of the brain, &c. ; which was made from filings 
 of copper, butter of antimony, and nitric acid. 
 
 BHANG, Bangue. 
 
 BI, as a prefix to words, has the same signifi- 
 cation as Di. 
 
 BIAIOTHANATI, Biothanati. 
 
 BIBITORIUS, Rectus internus oculi. 
 
 BIBLIOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, from /3./SXoj, 
 . a book,' and ypa(po>, ' I describe.' Skill in the 
 knowledge of medical books. The most distin- 
 guished medical bibliographers have been : J. A. 
 Van der Linden, Amstelod. 1662, octavo, (L.) 
 M. LiPENius, Francf. ad Moen. 1679, fol. (L.) 
 G. A. Mercklein, Norimb. 1686, (L.) J. J. 
 Mangbt, Genev. 1695 to 1731, (L.) Tarin (ana- 
 tomical,) Paris, 1753, (F.) A. ton Haller, 
 Zurich, 1774, &c.. (L.) Vigiliis ton Creut- 
 ZENPELD (surgical,) Vindob. 1781, (L.) C. G. 
 KuHN, Lips. 1794, (L.) C. L. Schweickard 
 (anat., phys., and legal medicine,) Stuttgard, 
 1796 to 1800, (L.) G. G. Ploucquet, Tubing. 
 1808 to 1814, (L.) C. F. Burdach, Gotha, 1810 
 to 1821, (G.) J. S. Ersch, (since 1750,) Leipz. 
 1822, (G.) Th. Ch. Fr. Enslin, (of Germany, 
 since 1750,) Berlin, 1826, (G.) J. B. Montfal- 
 coN, Paris, 1827, (F.) J. Forbes, M. D., F. R. 
 S., London, 1835. A. C. P. Callisen, Copen- 
 hagen, 1845, (G.) E. MoRWiTZ, Leipzig, 1849, 
 (G.) 
 
 BICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris. 
 
 BICAUDA'TUS, Cauda'tus, ' double-tailed.' 
 A monster having two tails. 
 
 BICEPHA'LIUM, Dicepha'lium. A hybrid 
 word, from hi and Kt<pa\ri, ' head.' Sauvages ap- 
 plies this epithet to a very large sarcoma on the 
 head, which seems to form a double head. 
 
 BICEPHALUS, Dicephalus. 
 
 BICEPS, from his, 'twice,' and caput, 'head.' 
 That which has two heads. This name has been 
 particularly given to tvo muscles ; one belonging 
 to the arm, the other to the thigh. 
 
 Biceps Exter'nus Mus'culus. The long por- 
 tion of the Triceps Brachia'lis. — Douglas. 
 
 Biceps Flexor Cruris, Biceps Cruris, Biceps, 
 (F.) Biceps Crural, Biceps Fern' oris, Is' chio-fem! - 
 oro-peronier — (Ch.) A muscle on the posterior 
 part of the thigh ; one head arising from the tu- 
 berosity of the ischium, and the other from a 
 great part of the linea aspera. It is inserted into 
 the top of the fibula. It serves to bend the leg 
 on the thigh. 
 
 Biceps Flexor Cu'biti, Biceps Bra'chii, Cor'- 
 aco-radia'lis, Biceps, Biceps man^s, Biceps in- 
 ter'nus. Biceps inter'nus hu'meri, (F.) Scapulo-ra- 
 dial, (Ch.) — Biceps Brachial. A muscle, situate 
 at the anterior and internal part of the arm ; ex- 
 tending from the edge of the glenoid cavity and 
 from the top of the coracoid process to the tube- 
 rosity of the radius. It bends the fore-arm upon 
 the arm. 
 
 BICHE DE MER, Sea Slug. A molluscous 
 animal, belonging to the genus Holothuria, which 
 is caught amongst the islands of the Feejee group, 
 New Guinea, &c., and when prepared finds a 
 ready sale in China, where it is used as an ingre- 
 dient in rich soups. 
 
 BICHET, Terra Orleana. 
 
 BICHICH'IJE. Pectoral medicines, compose J 
 of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched almonds, <fec.- •• 
 Rhazes. 
 
 BICHIOS, Dracunculus. 
 
 BICHO, Dracunculus — b. di Culo, Proctocace. 
 
 BICHOS. A Portuguese name fcr *he woriaa 
 
BICIPITAL 
 
 134 
 
 BTOLTCHNIOIS- 
 
 Jihat penetrates the toes of people in the Indies ; 
 and -whioli are destroyed by the oil of the cashew 
 nrt, 
 
 BICIP'ITAL, from hicejjs (bis and caput) 'two- 
 headed.' Relating to the biceps. 
 
 BiClP'lTAL Groove, (F.) Coulisse ou Gouttiere 
 h><:ix>itale, Ooidisse hximerale, (Ch.,) is a longitu- 
 dinal groove, situate between the tuberosities of 
 the OS humeri, which lodges the long head of the 
 biceps. 
 
 Bicrp'lTAL Tu'bercle, Bicipital tuheros'ity, 
 (F.) Tubcrnsite bicipitcde ; — a jjrominence near 
 the upper extremity of the radius, to which the 
 tendon of the biceps is attached. 
 BICORNE B UDE, Ditrachyceros. 
 BICUS'PID, Bicuspida'tits, from bis, 'twice,' 
 and cuspiis, 'a spear.' That which has two points 
 or tubercles. 
 
 Bicus'piD Teeth, Dentes Bicuspida'ti, (F.) 
 Dents bicuspidees, the small molares. See Molar. 
 BIDE^^S ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella. 
 BIDET, (F.) Bidet,- pronounced beeday. A 
 small horse formerly allowed to each trooper for 
 carrying his baggage. Hence, perhaps, applied 
 to a chamber bathing apparatus, which has to be 
 bestridden. It is a useful arrangement, in case 
 of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, affections of the 
 sexual organs, <fec. 
 BIECHO, Bische. 
 BIERE, Cerevisia. 
 BIESTINGS, Colustrum. 
 BIFEMOR 0- CAL CANIEN, Gastrocnemii. 
 BrFURCATION, Bifurca'tio, from bis, 'twice,' 
 and furca, 'a fork.' Division of a trunk into 
 two branches j as the bifurcation of the trachea, 
 aorta, <fee. 
 
 BIGASTER, Digastricus. 
 BIG BLOOM, Magnolia macrophyUa. 
 BIGEMINAL BODIES, Quadrigemina tuber- 
 cula. 
 
 BIGGAR. A disease of Bengal, remarkable 
 for the intensity and danger of the cerebral symp- 
 toms. — Twining. 
 
 BIG-LEAF, Magnolia macrophylla. 
 BIGLES, see Strabismus. 
 BIGNONIA CATALPA, Catalpa — b. Radi- 
 cans, Tecoma radicans. 
 
 Bigno'nia Is'dica. The leaves are employed 
 ia India, as emollients, to ulcers. 
 BIJON, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 BILAZAT, MINERAL WATERS OF. BOa- 
 zay is a town in France, two leagues from Thouar, 
 department of Deux Sevres, near which is a ther- 
 mal sulphureous spring. Temperature about 77° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 BILBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus— b. Red, 
 Vaecinium vitis ideea. 
 
 BILE, Bilis, Fel, Chol'os, CJiole, Choler, (F.) 
 Bile, Fiel. A yellow, greenish, viscid, bitter, 
 nauseous fluid, secreted by the liver. It is dis- 
 tinguished into hepatic and cystic ; according as 
 it flows immediately into the duodenum from the 
 liver or from the gall-bladder. It contains, ac- 
 cording to Muratori, water; a peculiar fatty 
 matter; colouring matter, [Cholepyr'rhia or Bili- 
 j>7tcB'in;) eholesterin, combined with soda; picro- 
 niel or bilin; extract of flesh, mucus; soda, jjhos- 
 phate of soda; phosphate of lime, and chloride 
 iif sodium. 
 
 The use of the bile is to remove from the body 
 superfluous hydro-carbon ; and it is probably in- 
 fiorvient to useful purposes in digestion. 
 
 Bile, Furunculus — b. Black, Atrabilis — b. de 
 Icenf, see Bile — 6. Repnndue, Icterus. 
 
 Bile or the Bear, Gall of the Bear, Fel Ursi, 
 was thought to be anti-epileptic ; and that of the 
 Eel, Fel anrjuiVlcB, to facilitate labour. 
 
 Bilk of the Ox, Gall of the Ox, Ox Gall, Fel 
 
 Taiiri, Fel Bovis, F. Bovi'num, (F.) Bile de Baxif, 
 was once reputed cosmetic and detergent, anti- 
 otalgic and emmenagogue ; as well as to possess 
 the power of facilitating labour. It has also been 
 given as a bitter stomachic and anthelmintic ; 
 and as a tonic and laxative, in cases of deficiency 
 of the biliary secretion. 
 
 BIL'IART, Bilia'ris, Bilia'rim, Fel'lem. 
 That which relates to bile. 
 
 Bil'iary Appara'tus, B. organs, B. passages. 
 The collection of parts that concur in the secre- 
 tion and excretion of bile : — viz. the liver, pori 
 biliari or tubuli biliferi; hepatic, cystic, and 
 choledoch ducts, and gall-bladder. 
 
 Bil'iary Coxcre'tions are concretions found 
 in some parts of the biliary apparatus. 
 Biliary Ducts, Pori biliarii. 
 BILIEUX, Bilious. 
 BILIMBI, Averrhoa bilimbi. 
 BILIMBING TERES, Averrhoa bilimbL 
 BILIN, PicromeL 
 
 BIL'IOUS, Bilio'sus, ChoViciis, Chol'ius, Fel- 
 lin'eus, Epich'olos, Picroch'olos, Fel'lens. (F.) 
 Bilieux. That which relates to bile, contains 
 bile, or is produced by bile. An epithet given 
 to certain constitutions and diseases, which are 
 believed to be the effect of superabundance of the 
 biliary secretion : as Bilious tempierament, B. 
 symjytoms, B. fever. 
 
 BILIPH.3EIN, see Bile. 
 BILIS FLUXIO, Cholera morbus, 
 BILITICUS, Cholagogue. 
 BILIVERD'IN, from bilis, 'bUe,' and viridis, 
 ' green.' On adding an acid to a solution of the 
 yellow colouring matter of bile, a precipitate of 
 green flocculi takes place, which possesses all the 
 properties of chlorophyll, or the green colouring 
 matter of leaves. This is the biliverdin of Ber- 
 zelius. 
 
 BILOCTJLAR, see Unilocular. 
 BILUMBI BITING-BING, Malus Indiea. 
 BI'MANUS, from bis and manus, 'a hand. 
 One that has two hands. A term applied only 
 to man, because he is the sole mammiferous ani- 
 mal that possesses two perfect hands. 
 BINDER, Bandage. 
 
 BINDERS, OBSTETRIC, see Belt, Russian. 
 BINDWEED, Polygonum aviculare — b. Fid- 
 dle-leaved, Convolvulus panduratus — b. Great, 
 Convolvulus sepium — b. Lavender-leaved, Con- 
 volvulus Cantabrica — b. Sea, Convolvulus solda- 
 nella — b. Virginian, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 BINKOHUMBA, Phyllanthus urinaria. 
 BINOCULAR, Binocula'ris : same etymon as 
 the next. Relating to or affecting both eyes — as 
 ' binocular vision' — vision with both eyes ; or from 
 impressions made upon both retina;, which are 
 amalgamated into single vision. 
 
 BINOC'ULUS, Bin'ocle, Biojjhthal'mica Fas'- 
 cia, Oc'ulis dujilex, from bis, 'twice,' and ocnhia, 
 'an eye.' (F.) CEil double. A bandage applied 
 over both eyes. It was, also, formerly called 
 Biophthal'mus. 
 
 BIN'SICA. Disorder of the mind. Accord- 
 ing to Van Helmont, an atrophy of the organ 
 of imagination. 
 BIOCHYMIA, Chymistry, vital. 
 BIOD, Vis vitalis. 
 
 BIODYNAM'ICS, -Biodynam'ica, Biodynam'- 
 ice, Bioso2>h'ia, from /?(oj, 'life,' and ^uva/^is, 
 ' power,' ' force.' The doctrine of the vital ac- 
 tivity, or forces. 
 
 BIOGAMIA, Magnetism, animal. 
 BIOLOGY, Physiology. 
 
 BIOLYCHNION, Biolych'nium, from /Sioj, 
 'life,' and A«;^i'iov, ' a lamp.' Innate heat, vital 
 heat, animal heat. Lych'nium, Lychnid'iuw, 
 Thermum em'phytum, Flamma seu Flum'mula 
 
BIOLYSIS 
 
 135 
 
 BISTOURI 
 
 mta'lis seu cordis. Also, a secret preparation of 
 which Begdin and Burgrate make mention. 
 
 BIOLYSIS, see Biolytie. 
 
 BIOLYT'IC, Biolyt'ieus; from ,3ios, 'life,' and 
 X«(7(f, ' solution.' Pielating to the destruction of 
 life. A ' hiohjtic agent' is one that causes hiol'y- 
 eis, or destruction of life. — Sehultz. 
 
 BIOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal. 
 
 BIONOMY, Physiology. 
 
 BIOPH^NOMBNOLOGIA, Physiology. 
 
 BIOS, /Si Of. Life. Also, what is necessary for 
 the preservation of life. 
 
 BIOSOPHIA, Biodynamics. 
 
 BIOSTATIGS, Statistics, medical. 
 
 BIOTE, Life. 
 
 BIOTHAN'ATI, Biaiothan'ati, from jSiof, 
 'life,' and -Jai/arof, 'death.' Those who die of a 
 violent death very suddenly, or as if there was 
 no space between life and death. 
 
 BIOTIC, Vital. 
 
 BIOTICS, Physiology. 
 
 BIOTOMIA, Vivisection. 
 
 BIPARIETAL SUTURE, Sagittal suture. 
 
 BIPIN'NA, from his, 'twice,' and '^juina, 'a 
 wing-feather.' A term used by the ancients for a 
 diminutive penis, not exceeding in size two quills. 
 
 BIR, Thorax. 
 
 BIRA, Cerevisia. 
 
 BIRCH, Betula alba^-b. Black, Betula lenta— 
 b. Cherry, Betula lenta — b. Sweet, Betula lenta. 
 
 BIRDS' NEST, Hypopitys lanuginosa. 
 
 BIRTH, CROSS, Presentation, preternatural 
 b. Live, see Born alive — b. Plural, see Multi- 
 parous. 
 
 BIRTHWORT, Aristoloehia — b. Snakeroot, 
 Aristolochia serpentaria. 
 
 BISCHE, Biecho. A malignant kind of dy- 
 sentery, which often prevails in the island of 
 Trinidad. 
 
 BISCUIT, Biseoc'tus, bis, 'twice,' and coctus, 
 'baked,' (F.) his and cuit, 'twice baked.' A 
 kind of dry, hard bread, or cake, which is va- 
 riously made ; and, when without eggs or butter, 
 is easy of digestion. It was formerly called Bi- 
 2iyri'tes, and Di'pyros. 
 
 BISCUIT, MEAT. An alimentary prepara- 
 tion, proposed by Mr. G. Borden, Jr., of Texas, 
 which consists in combining the matters ex- 
 tracted from meat by boiling with flour, so as to 
 form biscuits ; which keep well, and are of course 
 nutritive. 
 
 BISERMAS, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 BISFERIENS. Dicrotus. 
 
 BISHOP'S WEED, Ammi. 
 
 BISLIjSi GUA, Ruscus hypoglossum. 
 
 BISMALVA, Altha;a. 
 
 BISMUTH, Antimo'nium album, Chalcitas, 
 Luna imperfec'ta, Stannum glacia'le seu einereum, 
 Bismu'thum, Wismu'thum. Reg'ulus of Bis'niuth, 
 Marcasi'ta, Tin glass, (F.) Etaxn gris, E. de 
 Glace. A metal, in spicular plates, of a yel- 
 lowish-white colour; s. gr. 9.822 ; fusible at 400° 
 Fahrenheit, and volatilizable at a high tempera- 
 ture. It is used only in the preparation of the 
 subnitrate. 
 
 BisjruTH, OxYD OF, Bismuth, Subnitrate of — 
 b. Regulus of, Bismuth. 
 
 Bismuth, Subni'trate 07,Bismu'tM subni'tras, 
 Marcasi'ta alba, Plumbum cine'reum, Magiste'- 
 rium Marcasi'ta seu Bismuthi, Bismu'thum Nit'- 
 ricum, B. Subnit'ricum, Nitras Subbismu'thicum, 
 Nitras Bismuthi, Calx Vismu'thi, Bismu'thum 
 oxydula'tum album, Oxjjd of Bismuth, Mag"istery 
 of Bismuth, Pearl ^'S^lite, Spanish White. (F.) 
 Sousnitrate de bismuth, Oxide blanc de B., Blanc 
 de fard, Blanc de perle. (Bismuth, in frustulis, 
 5j, Acid nitric. f5ij. Aq. destill. q. s. Mix a 
 fluid ounce of distilled water with the nitric acid. 
 
 and dissolve the bismuth in the mixture. When 
 the solution is complete, pour the clear liquor 
 into three pints of distilled water, and set the 
 mixture by, that the powder may subside. Lastly, 
 having poured off the supernatant fluid, wash the 
 subnitrate of bismuth with distilled water, wrap 
 it in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle 
 heat. Ph. U. S.) It is considered to be tonio 
 and antispasmodic, and has been chiefly used iu 
 gastrodynia. 
 
 BlSJlUTH, Vale'riAXATE of, Bismu'fhi vale'^i- 
 anas, Bismu'thum valerian' icura. Prepared by 
 mixing a neutral solution of oxide of bismuth iu 
 nitric acid, with valerianate of soda; washing-, 
 and drying the precipitate. Used in gastrodynia, 
 chronic gastralgia, neuralgia, and chronic palpi- 
 tation, as a nervine. Dose, 5 a grain to 2 grains, 
 three or four times a day, in pill. 
 
 BISMUTHI NITRAS, Bismuth, Subnitrate 
 of — b. Valerianas, Bismuth, valerianate of. 
 
 BISMUTHUM, Bismuth — b. Nitricum, Bis- 
 muth, subnitrate of — b. Oxydulatum album, 
 Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. Subnitricum, Bismuth, 
 subnitrate of — b. Valerianicum, Bismuth, vale- 
 rianate of. 
 
 BISPIRUS. Dipnoos. 
 
 BISSUM, Hydrangea arborescens. 
 
 BISSUS. The silky filaments which fix tho 
 Pinna Mari'na to the rocks. In Italy and Cor- 
 sica, clothes are made of these, which are consi- 
 dered to favour perspiration, and are recom- 
 mended to be worn next the skin in rheumatism, 
 gout, &e. See Byssus. 
 
 BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Pylygonum bistorts 
 — b. Virginian, Polygonum virginianum. 
 
 BISTORTA, Polygonum bistorta. 
 
 BISTORTIER, (F.) A name given by the 
 Pharmacien to a long wooden pestle used for 
 reducing soft substances to powder, and in the 
 preparation of electuaries. 
 
 BISTOURI, (F.) Pistorien'sis gla'dius. Seal- 
 pel'lus, Scal'iieitm, Bistoury. A small cutting- 
 knife, used in surgery, — so called, according to 
 Huet, from the town of Pistori, which was for- 
 merly celebrated for the manufacture of those 
 instruments. A bistoury has the form of a small 
 knife, and is composed of a blade and handle. 
 The blade, which is most commonly movable in 
 the handle, may be fixed by a button, spring, &c. 
 When fixed in the handle, the bistouri is called 
 by the French, B. d lame fixe ou dormante. 
 
 The chief bistouries are : — 1. The straight B. 
 (F.) B. droit, in which the blade and cutting 
 edge are straight, the point being fine, round, or 
 square. 2. The convex B. (F.) B. convexe ; the 
 blade of which is convex at the cutting edge, 
 concave at the back. 3. The concave B. (F.) 
 B. concave ; the blade of which is concave at its 
 edge, and convex at the back. 4. BLrNT-PoiNTED 
 B. (P.) B. boutonne ; the blade of which has a 
 button at its extremity. 5. The blunt or probe- 
 pointed Bistoury op Pott; concave at its cut- 
 ting edge, and its point blunt; so that it can be 
 carried on the palmar surface of the index finger, 
 to divide the stricture, in strangulated hernia. 
 Sir Astley Cooper has recommended a useful 
 modification of this, to avoid wounding the intes- 
 tine, should it come in contact with the edge of 
 the knife. His Bistoury has an edge of not mor^ 
 than eight lines in length, situate about five linens 
 from the point. 6. Bistouri a la lime, (F.) is 
 a straight bistoury; the blade fixed in the handle, 
 the extremity with a button, and the edge made 
 with a file. It is chiefly used for dilating parts 
 7. Bistouri royal, (F.) A Bistoury used in ope- 
 ra.ting upon Louis XIV., for fistula in ano. S. 
 Bistouri gastrique, (F.) A complicated instra- 
 ment, invented by Morand, for dilating wound* 
 
BIT NGBEN 
 
 136 
 
 blS 
 
 of the abdomen, 9. Bistottki cache, B. hemiuire, 
 ou Attrape-lourdaud de Biennaise, Forceps de- 
 cepto'ria. A curved bistouri, the blade of which 
 is placed in a canula, whence it issues on press- 
 ing a spring. 
 
 The word Bistouri is used by the French, at 
 times, where we would employ knife. 
 
 BIT XOBEN, Salt of Bitu'men, Padnoon, 
 Soucherloon, Khala mimuc. A white, saline sub- 
 stance, which is a Hindoo preparation of great 
 antiquity, and has been supposed to be the Sal 
 iisphalti'tes and Sal Sodome'nus of the ancients. 
 It is used by the Hindoo in the prevention or 
 cure of almost all diseases. 
 
 BITHNIMAL'CA, Gas'teranax. Two un- 
 meaning words, used by Dolaeus, to designate an 
 active principle supposed to have its seat in the 
 stomach, and to preside over chymification, <fec. 
 BITIOS DE KIS, Proctocace. 
 BITTER, Amarus — b. Bark, Pinckneya pu- 
 bens — b. Bloom, Chironia angularis — b. Holy, 
 Hiera picra — b. Redberry, Cornus Florida — b. 
 Root, Apocynum androssemifolium, Gentiana 
 Catesbsei, Menyanthes verna — b. Sweet night- 
 shade, Solanum Dulcamara — b. Sweet vine, So- 
 lanum Dulcamara. 
 
 BIT'TERNESS, Amaritu'do, Amarit'ies, Am- 
 a'ror, Pl'cria, (F.) Amertume. A particular taste, 
 which belongs to many substances. In some 
 diseases there is a sense of bitterness felt in the 
 mouth. 
 
 BITTERS, COLUMBO, Tinctura Calumbs — 
 b. Spirit, Tinctura gentianae composita — b. Wine, 
 Vinum gentianaB compositum. 
 
 BITTERSWEET, Solanum dulcamara. 
 BITTERWEED, Ambrosia trifida. 
 BITTEBWOOD TREE, Quassia. 
 BITTOS. A disease, in which the chief symp- 
 tom is an acute pain in the anus. — Chomel. 
 
 BITUMEN, GLUTINOUS, Pissasphaltum — 
 b. Judaicum, Asphaltum — b. of Judsea, Asphal- 
 tum — b. Petroleum, Petrolaeum — b. Malta, Pissas- 
 phaltum — b. Salt of, Bitnoben — b. Solidum, As- 
 phaltum. 
 
 BIVEXTER, Digastrieus — b. Cervieis, Com- 
 plexus musculus — b. Maxillae, Digastrieus. 
 
 BIVENTRAL LOBE OF THE CEREBEL- 
 LUM, see Lobe, biventral. 
 
 BIXA AMERICANA, see Terra Orleana — b. 
 Orleana, see Terra Orleana — b. Orellana, see 
 Terra Orleana. 
 BLABE, Wound. 
 BLACCI^, Rubeola. 
 BLACIA, Debility. 
 
 BLACKBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus 
 fruticosus — b. High or standing, see Rubus fru- 
 ticosus. 
 
 BLACK DOSE, see Infusum Sennse compo- 
 situm. 
 
 BLACK DRAUGHT, see Infusum Sennas 
 compositum. 
 
 BLACK DROP, Guttae nigrae. 
 BLACK LION. A term given to a sloughing 
 syphilitic ulcer, under which the British soldiers 
 suffered greatly in Portugal. 
 
 BLACK ROOT, Aletris farinosa, Leptandria 
 purpurea. 
 
 BLACKWATER, Pyrosis. 
 BLADDER, GALL, see Gall Bladder— b. Irri- 
 'able, Cysterethismus — b. Swim, Air bladder — 
 b. Urinary, see Urinary Bladder. 
 BLADUM, BU. 
 
 BLjESITAS, BlcBsa lingua. Some authors have 
 used this word assynonymous with stammering. 
 See Balbuties. Saurages understands by it a 
 d^feO't ill pronunciation, which consists in substi- 
 
 tuting soft consonants for those that are har<S ; 
 as the z for s, the D for t, the s for g and j, &c. 
 Also, Lisping, Traulis'mus, Trau'lotes, (F.j BU- 
 eite, Ble (parler.) 
 
 BL^SOPODES, see Kyllosis. 
 
 BL^SOPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 BLjSISUS. a distortion; especially the out- 
 ward distortion of the legs. Also, a stammerer. 
 
 BLAFARD, (F.) Pal'lidua, Pallid'ulve. This 
 ejiithet is sometimes given to the skin, when pale 
 and dull ; but, most frequently, to the flesh of a 
 wound, when it has lost its colour, and beeonie 
 white. The word is, also, sometimes used syno- 
 nymously with Albino. 
 
 BLANG DE BALEINE, Cetaceum — I. de 
 Fard, Bismuth, subnitrate of — 6. de I'CEil, Scle- 
 rotic — h. d' Q^uf, Albumen ovi — h. de Perle, Bis- 
 muth, subnitrate of. 
 
 BLANC-MANGEB, (F.) Cihus alius, Leuco. 
 pha'gium, Leucoph' acjurn, Argyrotrophe' ma. An 
 animal jelly, so called on account of its colour, 
 combined with an emulsion of sweet almonds, to 
 which sugar has been added, and some aromatic. 
 It is sometimes prescribed as a nutriment in con- 
 valescence and chronic diseases. 
 
 BLANC-RAISIN, Blanc Rhazis. 
 
 BLANC RHAZIS, Blanc-raisin. An oint- 
 ment composed of cerussa, white wax, and olive 
 oU. 
 
 BLANCA, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 BLANCH, TO, from (F.) blanchir, 'to whiten, 
 to bleach.' To whiten hj depriving of the outer 
 rind; as 'to blanch almonds;' i. e. to peel them. 
 
 BLANGHET, (F.) A blanket. A term given, 
 by the French Pharmaciens, to the woollen 
 strainer through which they filter syrup and 
 other thick fluids. See, also, Aphthae. 
 
 BLANCHING, Etiolation. 
 
 BLANCNON ORIBASII, Polypodium filii 
 mas. 
 
 BLAS. An unmeaning term, invented by Van 
 Helmont to designate a kind of movement in the 
 body; at times, local, — at others, under extrane- 
 ous influence. Thus, he speaks of the Bias rnete- 
 oros of the heavenly bodies, and the Bias huma'- 
 num, that which operates in man. 
 
 Blas Alterativum, Plastic force. 
 
 BLASE, (F.) An epithet given to one whom 
 the abuse of enjoyment has prevented from any 
 longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure from it. 
 
 BLASTE'MA, Blaste'sis, from ^Xaaravw, 'I 
 bud.' A germ. The sense of this word, which 
 is often used by Hippocrates, is obscure. Castelli 
 thinks it means the eruption of some morbific 
 principle at the surface of the body. Also, the 
 matrix or general formative element of tissues. 
 
 BLAS'TEMAL, Blastema'lis. Relating or ap- 
 pertaining to a blastema, — as ' Uastemal forma- 
 tions,' those that are formed from a blastema. 
 
 BLASTODERMA, see Molecule. 
 
 BLATTA BYZAN'TIA, Unguis odora'tns, (F.) 
 Blatte de Byzance. This name seems, formerly, 
 to have been given to a marine production from 
 some of the Conchylia. It had an agreeable 
 smell, a reddish tint, and the shape of a nail. It 
 was yjrescribed in epilepsy, hysteria, and hepatic 
 obstructions. Rondelet affirms that it was the 
 production of the shell-fish murex or ]/urpura ; 
 and that the name Blatta is derived from the 
 Greek fiXarTuq, 'purple.' 
 
 BLAVELLE, Centaurea cyanus. 
 
 BLAVEOLE, Centaurea cj'anus. 
 
 BLAVEROLLE, Centaurea cyanus. 
 
 BLAZING-STAR, Chama?lirium luteum, Li- 
 atris. 
 
 BLE, Bladum. This word answers, in France, 
 
BLE 
 
 137 
 
 BLEPHAROPTOSIS 
 
 to the word Corn in England; i. e. any Mud of 
 grain employed for making bread. Wheat being 
 most commonly used for this purpose, Ble is 
 sometimes restricted to this. £le nieteil is a 
 mixture of wheat and rye. 
 
 BLE CORNU, Ergot — h. d'Esjmgne, Zea mays 
 — b. d'ltulie, Zea Mays — h. Meteil, see Ble — 
 h. Noir, Polygonum fagopyrum — 6. de Turquie, 
 Zea mays. 
 
 BLE (PARLEB,) Blaesitas. 
 
 BLEABERRY, Vaecinium myrtillus. 
 
 BLEACHING LIQUID, Eau dejavelle. 
 
 BLEAR-EYE, Lippitudo. 
 
 BLEB, Bulla. 
 
 BLEGHNOiSr, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 BLECHNUM LIGNIFOLIUM, Asplenium 
 Scolopendrium — b. Squamosum, Asplenium ce- 
 teraeh. 
 
 BLECHROPYRA, see Blechros. 
 
 BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus mitior. 
 
 BLECHROS, PUxpos, 'weak, feeble, slow.' 
 An epithet applied to different affections, and 
 particularly to fevers. Hence Blechroi^'yra, ' a 
 slow fever:' Blechrosphyq'mia, 'a slow pulse.' 
 
 BLECHROSPHYGMIA, see Blechros. 
 
 BLED, Corn. 
 
 BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Haemorrhagia. 
 
 BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, Epistaxis 
 — b. Heart, Cypripedium luteum. 
 
 BLE3IE, (F.) This word has nearly the same 
 signification as Blafard. Generally, however, it 
 includes, also, emaciation of the countenance. 
 
 BLENNA, Mucus — b. Narium, Nasal mucus. 
 
 BLENNADENI'TIS, from ^\^vva, 'mucus,' 
 ahnv, ' a gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of mucous follicles. 
 
 BLENNELYT'RIA, from fiXtwa, 'mucus,' and 
 ckvTpuv, 'a sheath.' A discharge of mucus from 
 the vagina. Leucorrhoea. — Alibert. 
 
 BLENNEM'ESIS. Blennoem'esia, Vom'itus 
 pituito'sus, from ^\svva, 'mucus,' and e/ieaig, 
 'vomiting.' A^omiting of mucus. 
 
 BLENNENTERIA, Dysentery. 
 
 BLENNISTH'MIA, from /JAsi'va, 'mucus,' and 
 nr^jio;, ' the gullet. Increased flow of mucus 
 from the pharynx and larynx. — Alibert. 
 
 BLENNOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, mucous. 
 
 BLENNOCYSTIDES, Bursee mucosae. 
 
 BLENNODES, Muciform. 
 
 BLENNOEMESIS, Blennemesis. 
 
 BLENNOG"ENOUS, Blennocf'enus, ITucific, 
 Muci/'icus, from fiXtvva, ' mucus,' and ytvau, ' I 
 form.' Forming or generating mucus. Breschet 
 and Roussel de Vauzeme describe an apparatus 
 of this kind for the secretion of the mucous mat- 
 ter that constitutes the cuticle, composed of a 
 glandular parenchyma or organ of secretion situ- 
 ate in the substance of the true skin, and of 
 excretory ducts, which issue from the organ, 
 and deposite the mucous matter between the 
 papillae. 
 
 BLENNOIDES, Muciform. 
 
 BLENNOIDEUS, Muciform. 
 
 BLENNOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia, (puru- 
 lent.) 
 
 BLENNOP'TYSIS, from /SXc^ra, and irnju, 'I 
 Bpit.' Expectoration of mucus. Catarrh. 
 
 BLENNOP'YRA, Blennopy'ria, from /JXwya, 
 and TTvp, 'fire.' Alibert has classed, under this 
 head, various fevers with mucous complications ; 
 as Ilesenteric fever, Adeno-meninqeal fever, <fcc. 
 
 BLENNORRHAGIA, Gonorrhoea— b. Genita- 
 linm, Leucorrhcea — b. Notha, Gonorrhoea spuria 
 — b. Spuria, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BLENNORRHAGIC EPIDIDYMITIS, Her- 
 nia humoralis. 
 
 BLEXXORRHAGIE FAUSSE, Gonorrlicea 
 
 spuria — h. da Gland, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BLENNORRHINIA, Coryza. 
 
 BLENNORRHCE'A, BlennorrTioe, Blennor- 
 rhag"ia, Phlegmorrhce'a, Phlegmorrhag"ia, from 
 fiXevva, 'mucus,' and ptoj, 'I flow.' Inordinate 
 secretion and discharge of mucus. Also, Gonor- 
 rhoea. 
 
 Blennorrrcea Chronica, (gleet,) see Gonor- 
 rhoja — b. Geuitalium, Leucorrhoea — b. Luode?, 
 Gonorrhoea impura — b. Nasalis, Coryza — b. Oculi, 
 see Ophthalmia — b. Oculi gonorrhoica, see Oph- 
 thalmia — b. Oculi neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — 
 b. Oculi purulenta, see Ophthalmia — b. Urethralis, 
 Gonorrhoea, Cystorrhcea — b. Ventriouli, Gastror- 
 rhoea — b. Yesicse, Cystorrhcea. 
 
 BLENNO'SES, from S\tvva, 'mucus.' Afi"ec- 
 tions of the mucous membranes. — Alibert. 
 
 BLENNOTHORAX, Catarrh, Peripneumonia 
 notha — b. Chronicus, Asthma humidum. 
 
 BLENNOTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea. 
 
 BLENNURETHRIA, Gonorrhoea. 
 
 BLENNURIA, Cystorrhcea. 
 
 BLEPHARADENITIS, Ophthalmia Tarsi. 
 
 BLEPHARANTHRACO'SIS, ^ZejoAari'- 
 tis gangrcsno'sa, Oarhuiicula'tio Oc'uli, Gangre- 
 nous inflammation of the eyelids. 
 
 BLEPHARELOSIS, Entropion. 
 
 BLEPHARIDES, Cilia. 
 
 BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplastica, 
 
 BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation. 
 
 BLEPHARITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi — b. Gan- 
 greenosa, Blepharanthracosis. 
 
 BLEPHAROBLENNORRHCEA, Ophthalmia, 
 purulent — b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (pu- 
 rulenta infantum.) 
 
 BLEPH'ARO-CONJUNCTIVI'TIS, Blepha- 
 rosyndesmi'tis, from (SXeipapov, 'an eyelid,' and 
 conjunctiva. Ophthalmia aff'ecting the conjunc- 
 tiva and eyelids. 
 
 BLEPHARODYSCHRCE'A, from fiXi^apox, the 
 'eyelid,' Jtiy, 'with difficulty,' and x?°'^' ' eolcur.' 
 Discoloration of the eyelid. Naevus of the eye- 
 lid. — Von Ammon. 
 
 BLEPHARCEDEMA AQUOSUM, Hydroble- 
 pharon. 
 
 BLEPHARON, Palpebra— b. Atoniaton, Ble- 
 pharoptosis. 
 
 BLEPHARONCO'SIS, Blepharon' ens, hle- 
 pharopAy'ma, Palpehra'rum Tumor, from /SXt^i- 
 pov, ' eyelid,' and oymog, ' tumour.' A tumour of 
 the eyelid. 
 
 BLEPHARONCUS, Blepharoncosis. 
 
 BLEPHAROPTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi 
 — b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — b. Purulenta, 
 Blepharopyorrhoea. 
 
 BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS GLANDULO- 
 SA, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants. 
 
 BLEPHAROPHYMA, Blepharoncosis. 
 
 BLEPHAR0PLAS'TICE,5?ej3Aarirfop;as'fiee, 
 Inmt"io Cilio'rurn, from P'\c(papov, 'the eyelid,' 
 and TrXaoTiKoj, 'forming,' 'formative.' The for- 
 mation of a new eyelid. 
 
 BLEPHAROPLEGIA, Blepharoptosis. 
 
 BLEPHAROPTO'SIS, Blepharople' gia, Casus 
 pal'pehrcB superio'ris, Delaji'sits pal'pebrcB, Pro- 
 lap'sds paVpehrm, Propto'sis pal'j^ebrcB, Pto'sis 
 pal'piehrcB, Atoniaton blepharon, from pXe^agov, 
 'the eyelid,' and zruian, 'fall.' A falling down 
 of the upper eyelid over the eye, caused by a 
 Yiaxaly&\s oi ^he Levator palpehrcB superioris mus- 
 cle. This paralysis is an unfavourable symptom, 
 as it is generally connected with a state of tho 
 brain favouring apoplexy or palsy. 
 
 Blepharoptosis EcTROPiujit, Ectropium- -bi 
 Entropion, Entropion. 
 
BLEPHAROPYORRHCEA 
 
 138 
 
 BLOOD 
 
 BLEPHAROPYOERHCE'A, Blepharoplthal' - 
 fpia 2ntriden' ta, Pijorrlice'a pal'jtehreB, from j3X£0- 
 iiQov, 'eyelid;' wov, 'pus,' and pceu, 'I flow.' 
 Secretion of pus from the eyelids. 
 
 BLEPHARO-PYORRnCEA NEONATORUM, 866 Oph- 
 thalmia (purulenta iufantum.) 
 
 BLEPHARORRHCE'A, from p\s(papov, 'eye- 
 lid,' and /)£u, ' I flow.' A discharge of mucus 
 from the eyelids. 
 
 ■ BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS, from /JXt^af-ov, 'eye- 
 lid,' and airacTiio;, ' spasm.' A spasmodic action 
 of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. 
 
 B L E P H A ROS YNDESMITIS, Blepharocon- 
 junctivitis. 
 
 BLEPHAROTIS, Ophthalmia tarsi— h. Glan- 
 dularis contagiosa, see Ophthalmia. 
 BLEPHAROTITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi, 
 BLEPHAROTOSIS, Ectropium. 
 BLEPHAROXY S'TUM, BlepTiaroxys'trum, 
 from j3\£(papov, ' eyelid,' and fuu, ' I scrape.' An 
 instrument used, by the ancients, for removing 
 callosities, which made their appearance in the 
 affection called, by the Greeks, rpa^iiina. — Paulus 
 of ^gina, Gorrseus. 
 
 BLEPHIL'IA HIRSU'TA, Ohio Horsemrnt, 
 Hairy Horsemint ; an indigenous plant of the 
 Mint family, Labiatse, which has the aromatic 
 jjroperties of the Mints. 
 BLESTTE, Blsesitas. 
 BLESSURE, Abortion, "Wound. 
 BLESTRIS'MUS. Restlessness of the sick.— 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 BLETA. A word, used by Paracelsus for white 
 or milky urine, arising from diseased kidneys. 
 Biota alba has the same meaning. 
 
 BLEU BE PRUSSE, Prussian blue. 
 BLEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ble- 
 ■N-ille is a village about two miles from Havre. 
 The waters are acidulous chalybeate. 
 
 BLIGHT IN THE EYE, Ophthalmia, catar- 
 rhal. 
 
 BLINDNESS, Csecitas— b. Colour, Achroma- 
 topsia. 
 
 BLISTER, Vesicato'rium, Emplas'trum Vesica- 
 to'rium, Emplas'trum Lyttm,Epispas'tieiim, Blister 
 plaster, from vesica, 'a bladder,' (F.) Vesicatoire, 
 Vesicant. Any substance which, when applied to 
 the skin, irritates it, and occasions a serous secre- 
 tion, raising the epidermis, and inducing a vesicle. 
 Various articles produce this eifect, as cantha- 
 rides, mustard, garou, eup)}iorhiiim, garlic, ammo- 
 nia, <fec. Blisters are used as counter-UTitants. 
 By exciting a disease artificially on the surface, 
 we can often remove another which may be at 
 the time existing internally. A perpetual blister 
 is one that is kept open for a longer or a shorter 
 time by means of appropriate dressings. 
 
 Blister or vesication also means the vesicle 
 produced by vesicatories. 
 
 Blister, Mag"istral, (F.) Vesicatoire magis- 
 tral. A prompt means of producing vesication 
 rcommended by M. Valleix. It is prepared as 
 follows: — Take powdered cani/idrjrfes &Txd.wheat- 
 flower, of each equal parts ,• vinegar, a sufEcient 
 quantity to form a soft paste. 
 Blister Beetle, Cantharis. 
 Blister Fly, Cantharis. 
 Blister Plaster, Blister. 
 BLISTERWEED, Ranunculus acris. 
 BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis— b. Paper, see 
 Sparadrapum vesicatorium — b. Tissue, Spara/lra- 
 pum vesicatorium. 
 
 BLITUM AMERICANUM, Phytolacca de- 
 candra. 
 
 BLOOD, Anglo-Saxon, blo6, from ble&an, 'to 
 bleed.' Sanguis, Oruor, Lapis anima'lis, Hcema, 
 'ai/xa, (F.) San^. An animal fluid formed chiefly 
 from the chyle; acquiring inc^ortant properties 
 
 during respiration ; entering every organ through 
 the circulation; distributing the nutritive princi- 
 ples to every texture, and the source of every 
 secretion. The blood is white in the molluscous 
 and inferior animals, which have been, hence, 
 called icliite-hlooded, to distinguish them from 
 the red-blooded, which class includes the mam- 
 malia, birds, reptiles, and fishes. Human blood 
 is composed of water, albumen, fibrin, an animal 
 colouring substance, a little fatty matter — hamu' 
 tela'um, and different salts; as chlorides of potas- 
 sium and sodium, phosphate of lime, subcarbonato 
 of soda, lime, magnesia, oxide of iron, and lactate 
 of soda, united with an animal matter. Arterial 
 blood is of a florid red colour, strong smell, temp. 
 100°; s. g. 1.049. Venous blood is of a brownish 
 red: temp. 98°; s. g. 1.051. The difierence in 
 colour has given occasion to the first being called 
 red blood ; the latter, black. The former, which 
 is distributed from the heart, is nearly the same 
 through its whole extent: the latter is the re- 
 mains of the arterial blood after the different 
 elements have been taken from it in nutrition, 
 and probably diflFers in composition. It likewise 
 contains diiferent substances absorbed. Venous 
 blood, taken from a vessel and left to itself, be- 
 comes solid, and separates into two distinct parts, 
 — the serum or watery, supernatant fluid ; and 
 the criior, coag'ulum, crassamen'tum, hepnr seu 
 placen'ta san'guinis, placen'ta cruo'ris, in'sula, 
 thrombus, or clot. The serum is chiefly water, 
 holding albumen in solution and the salts of the 
 blood. The clot contains the fibrin, colouring 
 matter — hcematosin, a little serum, and a small 
 quantity of salts. M. Le Canu found the blood to 
 be composed — in 1000 parts — of water, 785.590; 
 albumen, 69.415 ; fibrin, 3.565 ; colouring matter, 
 119.626; crystallizable fatty matter, 4.300; oily 
 matter, 2.270 ; extractive matter soluble in alco- 
 hol and water, 1.920 ; albumen combined with 
 soda, 2.010; chlorides of sodium and potassium; 
 alkaline phosphates, sulphates, and subcarbon- 
 ates, 7.304; subcarbonate of lime and magnesia, 
 phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron, peroxide 
 of iron, 1.414; loss, 2.586. The four principal 
 components of the blood are fibrin, albumen, 
 corpuscles, and saline matter. In the eirctdating 
 blood they are thus combined — 
 
 .,, ' I In solution forming Liquor Sangui- 
 
 Saltr°J "'*• 
 
 Red Corpuscles — suspended in the Liquor San- 
 guinis. 
 
 In coagulated blood they are thus combined : 
 Fibrin, | Forming the crassamentum or 
 
 Red Corpuscles, J clot. 
 
 Albumen, ] Remaining in solution, forming 
 Salts, J serum. 
 
 The following table exhibits the computations 
 of difi'erent physiologists regarding the weight 
 of the circulating fluid — arterial and venous. 
 
 Harvej', 1 iba 
 
 Lister; ' 
 
 Moulins. f -•■ ° 
 
 Abildgii.ird. J 
 Bluineiibach, ) 
 
 Lohb, \ 10 
 
 Lower, ) 
 
 Spreneel 10 tn 15 
 
 Giinther 15 lo 20 
 
 Bliike Jlii to 18f 
 
 Miiller and Burdach 20 
 
 Wacner 20 lo 25 
 
 Qiip^nai 27 
 
 F Hoffmann 28 
 
 Haller 28 to.?0 
 
 Young, 40 
 
 Ilaiiiberger 60 
 
 Keill 100 
 
BLOODINa 
 
 139 
 
 BOISSE 
 
 The proportion of arterial Wood to venous is 
 about 4 to 9. 
 
 Much attention has been paid to the varying 
 condition of the blood in disease. The average 
 proportion of each of the organic elements in 
 1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows, accord- 
 ing to Le Cann, and MM. Andral and Gavarret: — 
 fibrin, 3; red corpuscles, 127} solid matter of the 
 serum, SO; water, 790. 
 
 Dried human hlood was, at one time, consi- 
 dered to be anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried, 
 iianguia hirci sicca'tus, sudorific and autipleu- 
 retie. 
 
 Blood, Arterial, see Blood — b. Black, see 
 Blood — b. Black, Vascular system of, see Vascu- 
 lar — b. Casein, Globulin — b. Corpuscles, Globules 
 of the blood — b. Disease, Hsematonosos- — b. Disks, 
 Globules of the blood — b. Dried, see Blood — -b. 
 Loss of, Hffimorrhagia — b. Red, see Blood — b. 
 Red, system of, see Vascular — b. Spitting of. 
 Haemoptysis — b. Venous, see Blood — b. Vomit- 
 ing of, HfBmatemesis — b. White, Lymph. 
 
 BLOODING, Bloodletting. 
 
 BLOODLESSNESS, Anemia. 
 
 BLOOD-LETTING, Ilissio sen Detrac'tio 
 San'guims, Hamax'is, Cataschas'mtis, Blooding, 
 Bleeding, (F.) Saignee, Emission sanguine. A 
 discharge of a certain quantity of blood produced 
 by art : an operation which consists in making 
 an opening into a vessel to draw blood from it. 
 When practised on an artery, it is called Arteri- 
 ot'omy ; on a vein, Plilehot'omy, Venaisec'tio, Ve- 
 nesec'tion ; and on the capillary vessels, local or 
 capillary, in contradistinction to the former, 
 which is termed general. Blood-letting is used 
 both during the existence of a disease, as in in- 
 flammation, and in the way of prophylaxis. It 
 is emploj'ed to fulfil various indications. 1. To 
 diminish the actual mass of blood; — when it is 
 termed, by the French pathologists, Saignee eva- 
 cnative. In such case, fluids ought not to be al- 
 lowed too freely afterwards. 2. To diminish the tur- 
 gescence in any particular organ — ( (F.) Saignee 
 rSvulsive, Bevulsive hloodletting or bleeding, Ve- 
 nassec'tio revxdso'ria, when performed far from the 
 part affected; and Saignee derivative, when near.) 
 o. To diminish the consistence of the blood, (F.) 
 Saignee spoliative. The immediate eS"ects of 
 blood-letting are : diminution of the mass of 
 blood and of heat; retardation of the pulse, and 
 sometimes syncope. Blood-letting from the veins 
 — jMebotomy, is practised on the subcutaneous 
 veins of the neck, the face, the fore-arm, and the 
 leg ; sometimes on those of the hand or foot. 
 The necessary apparatus consists of a bandage 
 or riband, a compress of rag, and a lancet or 
 phleam. 
 
 The veins selected for the operation, are, 1. Tii 
 the fold of the arm, five; — the cephalic, basUic, 
 the two median, and the anterior cubital. 2. In 
 the hand, the cephalic and salvatella. 3. Jn the 
 foot, the great and little saphena. 4. In the neck, 
 the external jugular. 5. In the forehead, the 
 frontal. 6. In the mouth, the ranine. The ope- 
 ration of phlebotomy in the limbs is performed 
 by tying a circular bandage round the limb, in 
 order that the subcutaneous veins may become 
 turgid by the course of the blood being ob- 
 structed : the bandage not being so tight, how- 
 ever, as to compress the arteries of the limb. A 
 puncture is made into the vein, and the desired 
 quantity allowed to flow. The ligature is now 
 removed, and a compress and retaining bandage 
 applied. Capillary or local blood-letting is prac- 
 tised on the skin or mucous membranes, by 
 means of leeches, the lancet, or cupping. 
 
 Bloodlettis'g, Capillary, see Bloodletting — 
 b. Derivative, see Bloodletting — b. Evacuative, 
 see Bloodletting — b. General, see Bloodletting — 
 b. Local, see Bloodletting — b. Revulsive, see 
 Bloodletting — b. Spoliative, see Bloodletting. 
 
 BLOODLIKE, Sanguine. 
 
 BLOODROOT, Sanguinaria Canadensis. 
 
 BLOODSHOT, Hypertemic. 
 
 BLOODSTONE, Haematites. 
 
 BLOOD VESICLE, Globule of the blood. 
 
 BLOOD VESSEL, (F.) Vaisseau sangiiin. 
 vessel destined to contain and convey blood. 
 
 Blood Vessel, breaking, buestixg, ruptur- 
 ing OP A. Hsemorrhagia. 
 
 BLOODWEED, Asclepias curassaviea. 
 
 BLOODWORT, Sanguinaria Canadensis. 
 
 BLOODY, Sangiiin'eus, Cruen'tns, Sangttin'- 
 eous, (F.) Sanguin. Having the character of 
 blood. Relating to blood. See Sanguine. 
 
 BLOOM, HONEY, Apocynum androssemifo- 
 lium. 
 
 BLOTA ALBA, Bleta. 
 
 BLOW, Ictus, Plege, (F.) Cowp. Efiect pro- 
 duced by one body striking another. The im- 
 pression made by any body which strikes us, or 
 against which we strike; — a common cause of 
 wounds, contusions, fractures, &c. 
 
 BLOWING SOUND, Bruit de Souffle. 
 
 BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana eatesbtei. 
 
 BLUE-BERRY, Caulophyllum thalictroides, 
 Lantana. 
 
 BLUB BOTTLE, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanua 
 segetum. 
 
 BLUE STONE, Cupri sulphas. 
 
 BL UET BES 3I0ISS0NS, Cyanus segetum. 
 
 BLUSH, see Flush. 
 
 Blush, Cutaneous, see Efilorescence. 
 
 BOA, Boia. An eruption of red, ichorous pim- 
 ples. — Pliny. See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina, 
 
 Boa Upas, Upas. 
 
 BO^, Syphilis. 
 
 BOBERRI, Curcuma longa. 
 
 BOCHIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 BOCIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 BOOKLET, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 springs of Bocklet, in Bavaria, are acidulous 
 chalybeates. 
 
 BODY, Corpus, Soma, (F.) Corps; from (Teu- 
 tonic) boden, the 'fundus or bottom.' (?) The 
 human body is the collection of organs which 
 compose the frame. At times, however, body is 
 used synonymously with trunh. We say, also, 
 body of the femur, of the sphenoid, Ac, to desig- 
 nate the shaft or middle portion of those bones; 
 body of the uterus, &c. Also, the rectum. 
 
 Body, Coming down of the, Proctocele. 
 
 BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist. 
 
 BOE, Cry. 
 
 BOELLL Intestines. 
 
 BOETHEMA, Medicament. 
 
 BOG-BEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 BOHON UPAS, Upas. 
 
 BOIA, Boa. 
 
 BOIL, Furunculus — b. Gum, Parulis — b. Ma- 
 lignant, see Furunculus — b. Wasp's nest, see Fu- 
 runculus. 
 
 BOISDE C AMP E CHE, HEematoxylum Cam- 
 pechianum — b. de Chypre, Rhodium lignum — b. 
 de Couleuvre, see Stryehnos — b. de Marais, Ce- 
 phalanthus oceidentalis — b. de Plomb, Dirca pa- 
 lustris — 6. Puant, Prunus padus — b. de Rose, 
 Rhodium lignum — b. de Sappan, Ca?salpinia saj>- 
 pan — 6. Sudorifique, Wood, sudorific. 
 
 BOISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 waters are situate about half a league from Fou- 
 tenay-le-Compte, in France. They are purgative, 
 
JBOISSON 
 
 140 
 
 BONE 
 
 and seem to contain carbonate and sulphate of 
 lime and chloride of sodium. 
 
 BOISSON, Drink. 
 
 BOITE, (F.) A hox or case, Capsa, Pyxis. 
 An apparatus for the reception of any matters 
 which it may be desirable to preserve. In Sur- 
 yery and Anatomy Boites d dissection, B. d am- 
 putation, B. d trepan, B. d cataracte, &o., mean 
 the cases containing these various instruments. 
 Bozte du Crane is the bony case which receives 
 the brain. Botte is, also, the portion of the 
 stem of the trephine which receives the pyra- 
 mid or centre-pin. Boite de Petit is a machine, 
 invented by M. Petit, to retain the fractured por- 
 tions of bone in apposition, when the leg has been 
 fractured in a complicated manner. Boite is, also, 
 a kind of case put before an artificial anus to re- 
 ceive the fasces, which are continually being dis- 
 charged. The vulgar, in France, give the name 
 Boite to various articulations, — B. de c/enou, B. 
 de la hanche ; "knee-joint, hip-joint." 
 
 BOITEMENT, Claudication. 
 
 BOITIER, (F.) Appareil, Gap'sidawnguenta'- 
 ria, Capsa' rium. A Dressing-case. A box, con- 
 taining salves and different apparatus, used more 
 particularly by the dressers in hospitals. 
 
 BOL, Bolus — 6. d'Armenie, Bole, Armenian — 
 b. Blanc, Bolus alba. 
 
 BOLA, Myrrha. 
 
 BOLCHON, Bdellium. 
 
 BOLE, Bolus, (F.) Bol, Terre holaire, meant, 
 with the older writers, argillaceous earth, used 
 as an absorbent and alexipharmic. The various 
 boles had different forms given to them, and were 
 stamped, as in the following : 
 
 Bole Aeme'nian, Bole Arme'niac, B . Ar'me- 
 nic, Argil'la ferrugin'ea rubra, A. Bolus rubra, 
 Slnapi'sis, Arena'men, Bolus Orienta'lis, Bolus 
 Armeiiiaca, B. Arme'nioB, B. rubra, (F.) Bol 
 d'Armenie. A red, clayey earth, found not only 
 in Armenia, but in several countries of Europe, — 
 in Tuscany, Silesia, France, &c. It was onco 
 esteemed a tonic and astringent, and was applied 
 as a styptic. It is now, scarcely, if ever, used. 
 It consists of argil, mixed with lime and iron. 
 
 BOLBSIS, Coral. 
 
 BOLESON, Balsam. 
 
 BOLET ODORANT, Daedalea suaveolens. 
 
 BOLETUS AGARICUS, B. Laricis— b. Albus, 
 Boletus lai-icis — b. Discoideus, Daedalea suaveo- 
 lens. 
 
 Bole'ttis Esculen'tus, (F.) Morelle. An 
 eatable mushroom, found in the woods in Eu- 
 rope, and much admired by Gastronomes. It was 
 formerly esteemed to be aphrodisiac. 
 
 Boletus Fulvus, B.igniarius — b. Hippocrepis, 
 B. igniarius. 
 
 Bole'tus Ignia'rius. The systematic name 
 for the Ag'aric, Agar'icus, Agar'icum of the 
 Pharmacopoeias, Agar'icus Chirurgo'rum, Agar'- 
 icus Quercus seu ignia'rius. Polyp' orus ignia'rius, 
 la'ca, Bole'tus ungula'tus seu fulvus seu hippo- 
 crepis seu obtu'sus, Spunk, Am'adou, Punk, Fun- 
 gus Ignia'rius, Fungus Querci'nus, Agaric of the 
 Oak, Touchwood, Touchicood Boletus, Female 
 Agaric, Tinder, (F ) Agaric de chene, Amadou- 
 vier. It was formerly much used by surgeons as 
 a styptic. 
 
 BoLB'Ttrs Lar'iciS, S. Larici'nus, Fun'gus 
 Lar'icis, Polyp'orus officina'lis, Agar'icus albus 
 eeu Lar'icis, Polyp'orus officina'lis, A. Albus op'- 
 limus, B. v':,rgans, B. albus, B. agar'icus, B. offi,- 
 cina'lis. White Agaric, (F.) Agaric blanc. On 
 the continent of Europe it has been given as a 
 eatharcic an,i emetic, as well as to moderate the 
 
 sweats in phthisis. — De Haen. Externally, 
 
 st3'ptic. 
 
 Boletus Obttjsus, B. igniarius — b. OflBcinalis, 
 B. laricis — b. Purgans, Boletus laricis — b. Salicis, 
 Dsedalea suaveolens — b. Suaveolens, Daedalea 
 suaveolens — b. Touchwood, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 BOLT 3IARTIS, Ferrum tartarisatum. 
 
 BOLISMOS, Boulimia, 
 
 BOLI'TES. The mushroom; perhaps tiie 
 Agar'icus Aurantiacus. — Pliny, Martial, Scuto- 
 nius, Galen. It was so called, in consequence 
 of its shape, — from Bolus. 
 
 BOLUS, j3o}Xos, a morsel, a mouthful, a bole, 
 (F.) Bol. A pharmaceutical preparation, having 
 a pilular shape, but larger ; capable, however, of 
 being swallowed as a pill. 
 
 Bolus Alba, Terra Sigilla'ta, Argil'la pal- 
 lid'ior : called sigilla'ta, from being commonly 
 made into small cakes or flat masses, and stamped 
 or sealed with certain impressions. (F.) Bol 
 blanc, Terre Sigillee, Argile ochreuse pale. It 
 was used like Bole Armenian, and was brought 
 from Etruria. See Terra. 
 
 Bolus, Alimen'tary, Bolus Alimenta'rius, 
 The bole formed by the food, after it has under- 
 gone mastication and insalivation in the mouth ; 
 and been collected upon the tongue prior to de- 
 glutition. 
 
 Bolus Orienta'lts. A kind of bolar earth, 
 only distinguished from Bole Armenian in being 
 brought from Constantinople. See Bole, Arme- 
 nian. 
 
 Bolus Rubra, Bole, Armenian. 
 
 BOMA'REA SALSIL'LA. The inhabitants 
 of Chili use this plant as a sudorific. It is given 
 in infusion in cutaneous diseases. 
 
 BOMBAX, Gossypium. 
 
 BOMBEMENT, Bombus. 
 
 BOMBUS, Au'rium fiiictiia'tio, A. Sib'ihis, A. 
 Son'itus, A. Susur'rus, (F.) Bombement. A kind 
 of ringing or buzzing in the ears; — characterized, 
 according to Sauvages, by the perception of 
 blows or beating repeated at certain intervals. 
 Also, Borborygmus. See Flatulence, and Tin- 
 nitus Aurium. 
 
 BOMBYX MORI, see Sericum. 
 
 BON, Coffea Arabiea. 
 
 BONA. Phaseolus vulgaris. 
 
 BONANNIA OFFICINALIS, Sinapis alba. 
 
 BONA FEVER, see Fever, Bona. 
 
 EONDUE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
 
 BONE, Os, Os'teon, Os'teum, (F.) Os, Saxon, 
 ban. The bones are the solid and hard parts, 
 which form the basis of the bodies of animals 
 of the superior classes ; and the union of wbich 
 constitutes the skeleton. The human body has, 
 at the adult age, 208 bones, without including 
 the 32 teeth, the ossa Wormiana, and the sesa- 
 moid bones. Anatomists divide them, from their 
 shape, into 1. Long bones, which form part of the 
 limbs, and represent columns for supporting the 
 weight of the body, or levers of different kinda 
 for the muscles to act upon. 2. Flat bones, which 
 form the parietes of splanchnic cavities ; and, 3. 
 Short bones, met with in parts of the body where 
 solidity and some mobility are necessary. Bonea 
 are formed of two different textures; spongy and 
 compact. They afford, on analysis, much phos- 
 phate and carbonate of lime, a little phosphate 
 of magnesia, phosphate of ammonia, oxides of 
 iron and manganese, some traces of alumina and 
 silica, gelatin, fat, and water. The uses of the 
 bones are mentioned under each bone. They 
 give shape to the body, contain and defend th© 
 viscera, and act as levers to the muscles. 
 
BONEBIjSTDER 
 
 141 
 
 BORBORUS 
 
 TABLE OF THE BONES. 
 
 BONE.q OP 
 
 THE 
 
 IlSAO. 
 
 Bones of 
 
 THE 
 
 Trunk. 
 
 Bones of 
 THE Up- 
 per Ex- 
 tremity. 
 
 Bones of Ihe 
 
 CraniiLm or 
 
 Skull. 
 
 Bones of the 
 Face. 
 
 Denies 
 
 or ^ 
 
 Teeth. 
 
 Bone of the 
 
 Tongue. 
 
 f Frontal 1 
 
 1 Parietal 2 
 
 Occipital 1 
 
 Temporal 2 
 
 Klhinoid 1 
 
 (.Sphenoid i 
 
 f Superior Maxillary. ... 2 
 
 I Jugal or Cheek 2 
 
 I Nasal 2 
 
 J Lachrymal 2 
 
 1 Palatine 2 
 
 Inferior Spongy 2 
 
 I Vomer ] 
 
 [ Inferior Maxillary . . . . 1 
 
 Incisores 8 
 
 Cuspidati 4 
 
 Molares 20 
 
 Hyoid 
 
 The Pelcis. 
 The Shoulder. 
 
 The ./Jj-TO. 
 
 Fbre-arni. 
 
 r 
 
 Carpus 
 25 <( Wrist. 
 
 The Thigh. 
 The Leg. 
 
 r 
 
 ! Malleus 2 
 Incus 2 
 Orbiculare 2 
 Stapes 2 
 
 ( Cervical 7 
 
 VertehrcB. < Dorsal 12 
 
 ( Lumbar 5 
 
 Sacrum x 
 
 Os Coccygis 1 
 
 Tho T'^„ - ( Sternum 1 
 
 TheThorax. | j^jj^^ 24 
 
 Innominatum 2 
 
 j Clavicle 2 
 
 \ Scapula 2 
 
 Humerus 2 
 
 I Ulna 2 
 
 j Radius 2 
 
 f Naviculare 2 
 
 I Lunare 2 
 
 I Cuneiforme 2 
 
 ; Orbiculare 2 
 
 j Trapezium 2 
 
 Trapezoides 2 
 
 I Magnum 2 
 
 1_ Unciforme 2 
 
 Metacarpals ]0 
 
 Phalanges 28 
 
 Femur 2 
 
 Patella 2 
 
 Tibia 2 
 
 Bones OF ^ ^Fibula 2 
 
 THE f f Calcis Os 2 
 
 Lower •{ .^ Tarsus | Astragalus 2 
 
 EzTRE- J or -^ Cuboides 2 
 
 MITY. „ -{ Instep. Naviculare 2 
 
 [ Cuneiforme 6 
 
 Metatarsus 10 
 
 _ Phalanges 28 
 
 Total, 240 
 
 BoNE-AcH, Osteocopus — h. Back, Vertebral 
 column — b. Bar, Pubis, os — b. Blade, Scapula^ — 
 b. Boat-like, Os seaphoides — b. Breast, Sternum 
 — b. Crupper, Coccyx. 
 
 Bone Fever, see Inflammation. 
 
 Bone, Haunch, Ilion — b. Interparietal, Inter- 
 parietal bone — b. Rump, Coccyx — b. Share, Pu- 
 bis — b. Splinter, Fibula. 
 
 Bone Nippers, OsteuV cum, Tenac'ula, from 
 teneo, '1 hold.' (F.) Tenaille incisive. An in- 
 strument used for cutting off splinters and car- 
 tilages. It is a kind of forceps, the handles of 
 which are strong, and the edges, which touch 
 each other, cutting. 
 
 BONEBINDER, Osteocolla. 
 
 BONE-DOCTOR, Bcnoueur. 
 
 BONESET, Eupatorium perfoliatum — b. Up- 
 land, Eupntorium sossilifolium. 
 
 BONE-SETTER, Benoueur. 
 
 BONES, BRITTLENESS OF THE, Fragilitas 
 ossium — b. Friability of the, Fragilitas ossium — 
 b. Salt of. Ammonia carbonas — b. Softening of 
 the, Mollities ossium. 
 
 BONIFACIA. Ruscus hypoglossum. 
 
 BONNE DAME, Atriplex hortensis. 
 
 BONNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bonnes 
 
 is a village six leagues from Pau, in the depart- 
 ment Basses Pyrenees, France. Here are severiil 
 thermal springs. They were celebrated as early 
 as the time of Francis I., under the name Eaux 
 d'Arquebiisade. They contain chlorides of sodium 
 and magnesium, sulphates of magnesia and lime, 
 sulphur, and silica. The temperature is from 78° 
 to 98° Fahrenheit. 
 
 The factitious Eau de Bonnes is made of Hi/- 
 drosulphuretted tcater, f^iv; pure water, Oj. and 
 f^ss ; cJdoride of sodium, gr. xxx ; sidphate of 
 maqnesia, gr. i. 
 
 BONNET, Reticulum. 
 
 BONNET A DEUX GLOBES, Bonnet d'Hip. 
 pocrate. 
 
 BONNET B!' HIPP OCR ATE, Cap of Hip- 
 poc'rates, Mitra Hippocrat' ica, Fas'cia capiita'lis, 
 Pi'leus Hippocrat' icus. A kind of bandage, the 
 invention of which is ascribed to Hippocrates. 
 It consists of a double-headed roller, passed over 
 the head so as to envelop it like a cap. The 
 French, also, name it. Bonnet d deux globes, 
 Oapeline de la tete. 
 
 BONNYCLABBER, Clahher, from Irish, 
 baine, 'milk,' and clabar, 'mire.' In Ireland, 
 sour buttermilk. In this country, the thick pai-t 
 of sour milk. 
 
 BONPLANDIA ANGUSTURA, Cusparia 
 febrifuga — b. Trifoliata, Cusparia febrifuga. 
 
 BONTIA GERMINANS, Avicennia tomen- 
 tosa. 
 
 BONUS GENIUS, Peucedanum— b. Henricus, 
 Chenopodium bonus Henricus. 
 BONY, Osseous. 
 BOON UPAS, Upas. 
 BOONA, Phaseolus vulgaris. 
 BOOTIA VULGARIS, Saponaria. 
 BOOTIKIN. A glove with a partition for the 
 thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers — like 
 an infant's glove — made of oiled silk. — Dr. E. J. 
 Seymour. Horace Walpole speaks in raptures 
 of the benefit he derived from bootikins in gout. 
 BORAC'IC ACID, Ac"idum Borac"icum, Sal 
 sedati'vua Homber'gi, Boric Acid, (F.) Acide 
 boracique. An acid obtained from borax, which 
 was once looked upon as sedative. It was also 
 called Acor Borac"icus, Sal vitrioli narcot'icupi, 
 Sal volat'ile Bora'cis, and Flores Bora'cis. 
 BOB AGE, Borago officinalis. 
 BORA'GO OFFICINA'LIS, Buglos'sum ve- 
 rum, Bug. latifo'lium, Borra'go, Corra'go, Bo- 
 rago horten'sis. Borage, (F.) Bourrache. Nat.. 
 Ord. Boraginese. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Mono- 
 gynia. The leaves and flowers have been con- 
 sidered aperient. 
 
 BORAS SUPERSODICUS, Borax. 
 BORATHRON, Juniperus Sabina. 
 BORAX, Boras Sodw, Soda Bibo'ras, Subho- 
 ras SodcB, Boras super sat' urtis sodcB, Soda Bo- 
 raxa'ta, Chrysocol'la, Capis'trum auri, Subborate 
 of protox'ide of So'dium, Subprotobo'rate of So- 
 dium, Boras Soda, alcales'cens seu alcali'num, 
 Boras super so' dicus, Borax Ven'etus, Subbo'ras 
 Na'tricum, Borax'trion, Nitrnm facti"tium, &q. 
 Subbo'rate or Biborate of Soda, Borate of Soda, 
 (F.) Borate ou Sous-borate de Sonde, Borate sur- 
 sature de sonde. It is found in an impure state in 
 Thibet and Persia. It is inodorous; taste cool, 
 and somewhat alkaline; soluble in 12 parts of 
 water. Borax is seldom used except as a lo+ioD 
 in aphthae. 
 
 Borate of Mercury has been recommended 
 as an antisyphilitic. 
 
 BORAXTRION, Borax. 
 
 BORBON'IA RUSCIFO'LIA, A small Sontb 
 African shrub, used in asthma and hydrothorax. 
 In decoction, it is given as a diuretic — Pappe. 
 BORBORUS, Fimus. 
 
BOREORYGMUS 
 
 142 
 
 JBOUES BES EAUX 
 
 BORBORYG'MUS, from Pop^opv^u, 'I make a 
 dull noise.' Jfnrmtir sen JBombns seu Ilotua In- 
 testino'rum, Anile'ma, Aitile'sia, C(Blo2}Soph'ia, In- 
 tona'tio iatestina'lis, Mxtrmur ventria seu inteati- 
 na'le, Borbori/t/m, (F.) Gargouillement, Grouille- 
 ment d'EiitralUes. The noise made by flatus in 
 the intestines; This happens often in health, 
 especially in nervous individuals. 
 
 BOllb, (F.) 3/ar(jo, Edge, Margin. Anato- 
 mists have so named the boundaries of an organ. 
 Thus, the bones, muscles, &c., have horda as well 
 9S bodies. The 'free edge,' lord libre, is one not 
 connected with any part; the 'adhering edge,' 
 hord adhSrent, one that is connected; and the 
 bord articnlaire, or ' articular margin, or edge,' 
 that which is joined to another bone. 
 BOIW OILIAIRE, Ciliary margin. 
 BORDEAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Xear this great city, in the south-west of France, 
 Is a saline, chalybeate spring. It contains oxide 
 of iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlorides 
 of sodium and calcium, subcarbonate of soda, and 
 sulphate of magnesia. 
 
 BORE, Boron. 
 
 BORGNE, (F.) Coclea, Unoc'idiis, Luseiia, 
 Luscio'sua. One who has only one eye, or sees 
 only with one. The word has been used, figu- 
 ratively, for blind, in surgery and anatomy. See 
 Cajcus. 
 
 BORIUM, Boron. 
 
 BORKHAUSENIA CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 
 BOR.N ; past particle of bear, (F.) n^. Brought 
 forth from the womb. 
 
 Born Alive. It has been decided by English 
 judges, that ' to be born alive,' means that acts 
 of life must have been manifested after the whole 
 body has been extruded ; and that respiration in 
 tranaitu is not evidence that a child was born 
 alive. It must be 'wholly born alive;' hence res- 
 piration may be a sign of life, but not of live birth. 
 
 BORON, Bo'riicm, Borum, (F.) Bore. A simple 
 substance, the basis of boracic acid ; obtained, by 
 heating potassium with boracic acid, as a dark 
 olive-coloured powder, devoid of taste and smell. 
 Heated in the air or in oxygen, it is converted 
 mto boracic acid. 
 
 BOR'OSAIL, Zael. Ethiopian names for a 
 iisease, very common there, which attacks the 
 ' organs of generation, and appears to have con- 
 tiderable analogy with syphilis. 
 
 BORRAGO, Borago ofBcinalis. 
 
 BORRI, Curcuma longa. 
 
 EORRIBERRI, Curcuma longa. 
 
 BORSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Borse is 
 ^^ village in Beam. The waters are chalybeate. 
 
 BORUBl, Boron. 
 
 BOSA. An aligyptian name for a mass, made 
 crthe meal of darnel, hemp-seed, and water. It 
 L inebriating. — Prospero Alpini. 
 
 BOSCHES.JESMANSTHEE, Methys cophyl- 
 lum glaucum. 
 
 BOSOM, see Mamma. 
 
 BOSSA, Plague token. 
 
 BOSSE, Hump, Protuberance — 6. Nasale, 
 Nasal protuberance. 
 
 BOSWELLIA SERRATA, see Juniperus lycia. 
 
 BOTAL FORA'MEN, Fora'men Bota'le seu 
 BotaVlii ; the Fora'men ovn'le, (P.) Trou de 
 Botal, Trail ovale. A large opening which exists 
 in the foetus in the partition between the two 
 auricles of the heart; and by means of which 
 the blood passes from one to the other. Its 
 iiscovery is generally attributed to Leonard Bo- 
 fcdlus, Botal, or Botalli, who wrote in 1562. It 
 was spoken of, however, by Vesalius, and even 
 by Galen. 
 
 BOTANK. Herb. 
 
 POTANICAL DOCTOR, Herb-doctor. 
 
 B TANIQ UE MEDIC ALE, Botany, medical. 
 
 BOT'ANY, MED'ICAL, Botan'ica Med'lca, 
 Medici' na Botan'ica, Phytolog" ia med'ica; from 
 jioravrj, 'an herb,' (F.) Botaniqve Medicale. The 
 knowledge of the properties, characters, &g., of 
 those vegetables which are used in medicine. 
 
 BOTAR'GO, (F.) Botargue. A preparation 
 made in Italy and the south of France, with the 
 eggs and blood of the Mugilceph'alua or Mullet ; 
 strongly salted, after it has become putrescent. 
 It is used as a condiment. 
 
 BOTARGUE, BotnTgo. 
 
 BOTHOR. An Arabic term for abscess in the 
 nares. It means, also, a tumour in general ; 
 especially those which are without solution of 
 continuity. 
 
 BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS, Botrioceph'ahta la- 
 tua, Bothrioceph' alum, Botrioceph'alna, from Pod- 
 ptov, ' a small pit,' and KCipaXn, ' head,' Tce'nia lata, 
 T. vidga'ris, Lumbri'cns latus, Plate'a, T. oa'eidia 
 lateral'ibua gem'inia, T. grisea, T. membrana'cea, 
 T. tenel'la, T. denta'ta, T. huma'na iner'mia, Ual'- 
 ysia membrana' cea, T. pjrima, T. oa'cxdis lateral'- 
 ibua solita'riis, T. aceph'ala, T. oaculia aiipcrjj- 
 cial'ibua, T. a, anneaux courta, T. non arme, Ver 
 aolitaire. Broad Tape worm. Common in Swit- 
 zerland, Russia, and some parts of France. It 
 inhabits the intestines of man, and extends to an 
 enormous length. A broken specimen has been 
 obtained 60 yards long. — Goeze. 
 
 BOTH'RION, Both'rium, from /3o5po?, 'a pit, 
 cavity,' &c. An alveolua or small fossa. A 
 small deep ulcer on the cornea. — Galen, PaaluB 
 of MsJLnsi. See Foaaette. 
 
 BOTHRIUM, Bothrion, Foaaette. 
 
 BOTHROS, Fovea. 
 
 BOTIN, Terebinthina. 
 
 BOTIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 BOTOTHINUM. An obscure term, used by 
 Paracelsus to denote the most striking symptom 
 of a disease :— the Floa morbi. 
 
 BOTOU, Pareira brava. 
 
 BOTRIOCEPHALUS, Bothriocephalus. 
 
 BOTRION, Alveolus. 
 
 BOTROPHIS SERPENTARIA, Actsea race- 
 mosa. 
 
 BOTRYS, Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis vini- 
 fera — b. Ambroisioides, Chenopodium ambro- 
 sioides — b.Americana,Chenopodiumambrosioide8 
 — b. Anthelminticum, Chenopodium anthelmin- 
 ticum — b. Mexicana, Chenopodium ambrosioideB. 
 
 BOTTINE, (F.) A thin boot or buskin, O'erea 
 le'vior. An instrument, which resembles a small 
 boot, furnished with springs, straps, buckles, &c,, 
 and used to obviate distortions of the lovi^er ex- 
 tremities in children. 
 
 BOTTLE-NOSE, Gutta rosea. 
 
 BOTTLE-STOOP. In Pharmacy, an arrange^ 
 ment for giving the proper inclination to a bottle 
 containing a powder, so as to admit of the con- 
 tents being readily removed by the knife, in dis- 
 pensing medicines. It consists of a block of 
 wood with a groove in the upper surface, to re- 
 ceive the bottle in an oblique position. 
 
 BOUBALIOS, Momordica elaterium, Vulva. 
 
 EOIIBON, Bubo. 
 
 BOUCAGE MAJEUR, Pimpinella magna — 
 b. Mineur, Pimpinella saxifraga — b. Petit, Pim- 
 pinella saxifraga. 
 
 BOUOHE, Mouth. 
 
 B UGLEMENT, Infibuln tion. 
 
 BOUES BES EAUX, (F.) Boues 3fineralcK. 
 Bal'nea Ca:no'aa. The mud or swamp, formed 
 near mineral springs, impregnated with the sub- 
 stances contained in such springs, and conse- 
 quently possessing similar properties. The Bone* 
 are applied generally and topically, in France, 
 at the springs of St, Amand, BagnSres de Luchon, 
 
BOUES MINER ALES 
 
 143 
 
 BOUTONNIERE 
 
 Bagnols, Bar6ges ; in the United States, at the 
 White Sulphur in ^Virginia, &c. 
 
 BOUES MINERALES, Bones des eaux. 
 
 BOUFFE, (F.) The small eminence, formed 
 by the junction of the two lips. — Dulaurens. 
 
 BOUFFISSURE, Puffiness. 
 
 BOUGIE, (F.) A wax candle: Candel'ula, 
 Oande'la, 0. ce'rea, Cande'la medica'ta, Ce'reum 
 medica'tum, Cereolim Qhirurgo'rum, Doe'dion, 
 Specil'lam ce'reum, Virga ce'rea, Oereolus. A 
 flexible cylinder, variable in size, to be intro- 
 duced into the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, &o., 
 for the purpose of dilating these canals, when 
 contracted. A Simple Bougie is composed of 
 Bolid and insoluble substances ; as plaster, elastic 
 gum, catgut, &c. It acts of course only mecha- 
 nically. 
 
 Bougie, Med'icated, (F.) B. Medicam-entense, 
 has the addition of some escharotic or other sub- 
 stance to destroy the obstacle ; as in the Caustic 
 Bougie, which has a small portion of Lunar Caus- 
 tic or Common Caustic inserted in its extremity. 
 Ducamp has recommended a Bougie, which swells 
 out near its extremity, for the better dilating of 
 the urethra. This he calls B. a ventre. The 
 metallic Bougie, invented by Smyth, is a compo- 
 sition of metal, allowing of great flexibility ; and 
 a hollow Bougie is one, with a channel running 
 through it, to be used in the same manner as the 
 catheter, or otherwise. 
 
 BOUILLIE (F.), Pultic'ula, Pap, from (F.) 
 houilUr, 'to boil.' Flour, beaten and boiled with 
 milk. It is a common food for infants. 
 
 BOUILLON, (F.) from houillir, 'to boil,' /us, 
 Sorhit"io. A liquid food, made by boiling the 
 flesh of animals in water. The osmazome, gela- 
 tin, and soluble salts dissolve ; the fat melts, and 
 the albumen coagulates. Bouillon is nourishing, 
 owing to the gelatin and osmazome. The Jus de 
 Viande is a very concentrated Bouillon, prepared 
 of beef, mutton, veal, <Sic. 
 
 BOUILLON, in common language, in France, 
 means a round fleshy excrescence, sometimes 
 seen in the centre of a venereal ulcer. 
 
 BOUILLON BLANC, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 BOUILLONS MEDICINAUX ou PHAR- 
 MACEUTIQUES, Medicinal or Pharmaceutic 
 Bouillons, contain infusions or decoctions of me- 
 dicinal herbs. The Bouillon aux herbes is gene- 
 rally composed of sorrel or beet. 
 
 BOUILLON d'OS, (F.) Bouillon from bones, 
 is obtained by treating bones with muriatic acid, 
 In order to dissolve the earthy parts. The gela- 
 tin, which remains, is then boiled with a little 
 meat and vegetables. — D'Arcet. Bouillon, how- 
 ever, can be easily obtained from the bones of 
 roast meat by simple coction. 
 
 BOUILLONNEMENT, Ebullition. 
 
 BOUIS, Buxus. 
 
 BOULE UACIER, Ferrum tartarizatum— J. 
 de Mars, Ferrum tartarizatum — b, de Molsheim, 
 Ferrum tartarizatum — b. de Nancy, Ferrum tar- 
 tarizatum. 
 
 BOULE A U COMMUN, Betula alba. 
 
 BOULESIS, Voluntas. 
 
 BOULIM'IA, Bulim'ia, Bulim'iu-s, Bu'limua, 
 Bou'limos, Bulimi'asis, Bolismos, Eclim'ia, Fames 
 caui'na, Appeti'tus caninus, Appeten'tia cani'na, 
 Adepha'gia, Cynorex'ia, Orex'is cyno'des, Bupi'- 
 na, Bupei'na, PhagcB'na, Phagedce'na, Fames 
 Bovi'na, F. Lvpi'na, from Pov;, ' an ox,' and Ai//of, 
 ' hunger ;' or from fin, augmentative particle, and 
 Xifio;, 'hunger,' {¥.) Boulimie, Faim canine, F. 
 devorante, Polyphagie. An almost insatiable 
 hunger. A canine appetite. It is sometimes 
 seen in hysteria and pregnancy j rarely under 
 other circumstances. 
 
 BOULIMIE, Boulimia. 
 
 BOULOaNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Boulogne is in the department of Pas-de-Calais, 
 France. The waters are chalybeate. 
 
 BOUQUET ANATOMIQUE BE RIOLAN, 
 (F.) from bouquet, a collection of flowers or other 
 substances tied together. A name given, by some 
 anatomists, to the collection of ligaments and 
 muscles, inserted into the styloid process of the 
 temporal bone. 
 
 Bouquet Fever, Dengue. 
 
 BOURBILLON, see Furunculus (core.) 
 
 BOUREON-LANCY, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Bourbon-Laney is a small village in the 
 department of Saone-et-Loire, France; where 
 there are thermal saline springs, containing car- 
 bonic acid, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of 
 soda, chloride of calcium, carbonate of lime, iron, 
 and silica. Their heat is from 106° to 135° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 BOURBON L'ARCHAMBAUT, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. This town is in the department 
 of Allier, six leagues west from Moulins, and 
 has been long celebrated for its thermal chaly- 
 beate waters. They contain sulphohydric acid, 
 sulphate of soda, magnesia, and lime, carbonate 
 of iron, and silica. Their temperature varies be- 
 tween 1.36° and 145° Fahrenheit. 
 
 BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. These springs are seven leagues 
 from Langres, department of Haute -Mame, 
 France. They are thermal and saline, and have 
 been long celebrated. Temperature from 106° 
 to 133° Fahrenheit. The Factitious water, (F.) 
 Eau de Bourbonne-les-Bains, Aqxia Borvonen'sii, 
 is composed of water, containing twice its bulk 
 of carbonic acid, f^xxss; chloride of sodium, 
 fjj, chloride of calcium, gr. x, &c. 
 
 BOURBOULE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A village near Mount d'Or, where there are two 
 thermal saline springs. 
 
 BOURBAINE, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 BOURBONNEMENT, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 BOURBONNET, Pulvil'lus, P. e linamen'tis 
 confec'tus, P. rotun'dus, Dossil. A term in French 
 surgery for charpie rolled into a small mass of 
 an olive shape, which is used for plugging wounds, 
 absorbing the discharge, and preventing the 
 union of their edges. In cases of deep and pene- 
 trating wounds, as of the abdomen or chest, a 
 thread is attached to them by which they may 
 be readily withdrawn, and be prevented from 
 passing altogether into those cavities. 
 
 BOURG^NE, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 BOURGEON, Granulation, P&imla^b. C7iar. 
 nu. Granulation. 
 
 BOURGEONS, Gutta rosea. 
 
 BOURRACHE, Borago ofiicinalis. 
 
 BOURRELET (F.), A Pad, a Border. A 
 fibro-cartilaginous border, which surrounds cer- 
 tain articular cavities, such as the glenoid cavity 
 of the scapula and the acetabulum ; by which the 
 depth of those cavities is augmented. 
 
 BOURRELET ROULE, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 BOURSE d BERGER, Thlaspibursa— 6. d 
 Pasteur, Thlaspibursa. 
 
 BOURSES, (LES,) Scrotum. 
 
 B URSO UFL URE, Puffiness. 
 
 BOUTON, Papula— 6. d'Alep, see Anthras — 
 b. Malin, see Anthrax — b. d' Or, Ranunculus 
 acris. ^ 
 
 BOUTONNIERE (F.), Fissu 7 a, Jnc^i^'io. A 
 small incision made into the urethra to extract » 
 calculus from the canal, when it is too large u» 
 be discharged. 
 
 Also, a small incision or puncture, made in tho 
 peritoneum, or above the pubis, to rienetrat« tho 
 bladder in certain cases of retention of urine. 
 
BOVACHEVO 
 
 144 
 
 BRADYSUKIA 
 
 BOVACHEVO, Datura sanguinea. 
 
 BOVILL.^, Rubeola. 
 
 BOVISTA, Lyeoperdon. 
 
 BOWEL, Intestine. 
 
 BOWLEGGED, see Cnemoscoliosis. 
 
 BOWMAN'S ROOT, Euphorbia coroUata, Gil- 
 lenia trifoliata, Leptandria purpurea. 
 
 BOXBERRY, Gaultheria. 
 
 BOX, MOUNTAIN, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 BOX TREE, Buxus, Cornus Florida. 
 
 BOXWOOD, Cornus Florida. 
 
 BOYAU, Intestine. 
 
 BRABYLON, Prunum Damascenum. 
 
 BRACHERIOLUM, Truss. 
 
 BRACHERIUM, Truss. 
 
 BRACHIA COPULATIVA, see Peduncles of 
 the Cerebellum. 
 
 BRACHIA PONTIS, see Peduncles of the 
 Cerebellum. 
 
 BRACHI.;EUS, Brachial — b. Internus, Bra- 
 chialis anterior. 
 
 BRA'CHIAL, Brachia'lis, BracMm' us, from 
 Brachium, ' the arm.' What belongs to the arm. 
 
 Brachial Aponeuro'sis. An aponeurosis, 
 formed particularly by expansions of the tendons 
 of the latissimus dorsi, jiectoralis major, and del- 
 t'jides muscles, and ivhich completely envelops 
 the muscles of the arm. 
 
 Brachial Artery, Arte'ria hrachia'Us, Hu'- 
 tneral Artery, (F.) Artere ou Tronc hraehial. 
 The artery, which extends fi-om the axilla to the 
 bend of the elbow ; where it diyides into A. eubi- 
 talis and A. radialis. It passes along the inter- 
 nal edge of the biceps, behind the median nerve 
 and between the accompanying veins. Under 
 the name Brachial Artery, M. Chaussier includes 
 the subclavian, axillary, and humeral, the last 
 being the hraehial proj'jer. 
 
 Brachial Muscle, Anterior, Mus'cuIub Bra- 
 chia'lia Ante'rior, Brachia'lis -internus, B. anti'- 
 ciis, BrachicB'us, Brachics' us internus, (F.) Muscle 
 hraehial interne, Mumero-cuhital — (Ch.) This 
 muscle is situate at the anterior ami inferior part 
 of the arm, and before the elbow-joint. It arises, 
 fleshy, from the middle of the os humeri, and is 
 inserted into the coronoid process of the ulna. 
 Use. To bend the fore-arm. 
 
 Brachial Plexus, Plexus Brachia'lis, is a 
 nervous plexus, formed by the interlacing of the 
 anterior branches of the last four cervical pairs 
 and the first dorsal. It is deeply seated in the 
 hollow of the axilla, and extends as far as the 
 inferior and lateral part of the neck. It gives 
 off the thoracic nerves, supra and iyi/ra scapular, 
 and the brachial (which are six in number,) the 
 axillary, cutaneous, museulo-cutaneotis, radial, 
 cubital, and median. 
 
 Brachial Veins are two in number, and ac- 
 company the artery, frequently anastomosing 
 with each other : they terminate in the axillary. 
 Under the term Brachial Vein, Chaussier in- 
 cludes the humeral, axillary, and subclavian. 
 
 BRACHIALE, Carpus. 
 
 BRACHIAL' G I A, Neural'gia Brachia'lis, 
 from (ipaxiov, 'the arm,' and a\yos, 'pain.' Pain 
 in the arm, neuralgia of the arm. 
 
 BRACHIALIS, Brachial— b. Antieus, Brachial 
 muscle — b. Externus, see Triceps extensor cubiti 
 — b. Internus, Brachial muscle. 
 
 BRACHIERIUM, Truss. 
 
 BRACHILE, Truss. 
 
 BRACHILUVIUM, Bath, arm. 
 
 BRACHIO-CEPHALIC ARTERY, Innomi- 
 .laU. arteria — b. Veins, Innominate vena;. 
 
 B R A 'C H 1 0-C U' B I TAL, Brachio-cuhita'lis. 
 That which belongs both to the arm and cubitus. 
 This name has been given to the internal lateral 
 UgaJient of the elbow-joint ; because it is at- 
 
 tached to the OS brachii or os humeri and to the 
 cubitus or ulna. 
 
 BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS, from Ppaxitov, 'the 
 arm,' and ici'AXwo-is-, 'the act of making crooked.' 
 Curvature of the arm inwards.' Paralysis or loss 
 of power from curvature of the arm. 
 
 BRACHION, Brachium. 
 
 BRACHION'CUS, from fipaxtoiv, 'the arm,' 
 and oyKog, 'a swelling.' A tumour of the arm. 
 
 BRA'CHIO-RA'DIAL, Brachio-radia'lis. That 
 which belongs to the brachium and radius. This 
 name has been applied to the external lateral 
 ligament of the elbow-joint, because it is attached 
 to the humerus and to the radius. See Supinator 
 radii longus. 
 
 BRACHIORRHEU'MA, Bheuwatis'mus bra'- 
 chit, from Ppa^iijiv, ' the arm,' and pevfia, ' deflux- 
 ion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the arm. 
 
 BRACHIROLUM, Truss. 
 
 BRA'CHIUM, Bra'chion, Lacer'tus, {'F.)Bra8, 
 the arm. The arm from the shoulder to the wrist, 
 or the part between the shoulder and elbow. See 
 Humeri, Os. 
 
 Bra'chium Ante'rius. a rounded process, 
 which passes from the anterior pair of the cor- 
 pora quadrigemina (nates) obliquely outwards 
 into the thalamus opticus. 
 
 Beachicii Movexs Quartus, Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 Bra'chium Poste'rics. A rounded process, 
 which passes from the posterior pair of the qua- 
 drigemina (testes) obliquely outwards into the 
 optic thalamus. 
 
 BRACHUNA, Nymphomania, Satyriasis. 
 
 BRACHYAU'CHEN, from Ppaxv;, 'short,' and 
 avxv, 'neck.' One who has a short neck. 
 
 BRACHYCEPH'ALiE, (Gentes) 'short heads,' 
 from 0paX"?, 'short,' and KccpaXrj, 'head.' In the 
 classification of Retzius, those nations of men 
 whose cerebral lobes do not completely cover the 
 cerebellum — as the Sclavonians, Fins, Persians, 
 Turks, Tartars, &c. 
 
 BRACHYCHRON'IUS, from fipaxyi, ' short,' 
 and xpoi'of) ' time.' That which continues but a 
 short time. A term applied to diseases which 
 are of short duration. — Galen. 
 
 BRACHYGNA'THUS, from fipaxvs, 'short,' 
 and yvaQog, ' the under jaw.' A monster with too 
 short an under jaw.- — Gurlt. 
 
 BRACHYNSIS, Abbreviation. 
 
 BRACHYPNCEA, Dyspnoea. 
 
 BRACHYP'OTI, from Ppaxv;, 'short,' and 
 TTOTTjs, ' drinker.' They who drink little, or who 
 drink rarely. Hippoc, Galen, Foesius. 
 
 BRACHYRHYN'CHUS; from ,Spa%v?, 'short,' 
 and pvyxos, ' snout.' A monster with too short a 
 nose. 
 
 BRACHYSMOS, Abbreviation. 
 
 BRACING, Corroborant. 
 
 BRACKEN, Pteris aquilina. 
 
 BRADYiESTHE'SIA, from (Spaivs, ' difficult,' 
 and aiadrjaiq, 'sensation.' Impaired sensation. 
 
 BRADYBOLISMUS, Bradyspermatismus. 
 
 BRADYECOIA, Deafness. 
 
 BRADYL0G"IA,i)^8?a'/»"a; from (ipaivi, 'diffi- 
 cult, and \oyo';, 'a discourse.' Difficulty of speech- 
 
 BRADYMASE'SIS, Bradymasse'sis, impro- 
 perly Bradymaste'sis, Manduca'tio diffic"ilis, 
 from (SpaSvi, ' difficult,' and finc?iati, ' mastica- 
 tion.' Difficult mastication. See Dysmasesis. 
 
 BRADYMASTESIS, Bradymasesis. 
 
 BRADYPEP'SIA, Tarda, cibo'rum concoc'tio, 
 from Ppaivs, "slow,' and vc-tw, 'I digest.' Slow 
 digestion. — Galen. See Dvspepsia. 
 
 BRADYSPERMATIS'Ml S, BrndyboHs'mus, 
 Ejacula'tio sem'inis imped' itn, Dyspermatis'mus, 
 from (ipnivg, 'slow,' and a-tpiia, 'sperm.' A slow 
 emission of sperm. 
 
 BRADYSU'RIA, Tcnea'mus vesi'cce, (F.) Ti- 
 
BRADYTOCIA 
 
 145 
 
 BREAD 
 
 nesme vhical, from (ipaSv^, 'difficult/ and ovpstv, 
 * to pass the urine.' Painful evacuation of the 
 urine, with perpetual desire to void it. Dysuria. 
 
 BRADYTOCIA, Dystocia. 
 
 BRAG'GrET, Braggart, Bragwort. A name 
 formerly applied to a tisan of honey and water. 
 See Hydromeli. 
 
 BR'AI, LIQUIDE, see Pinus sylvestris — 6. 
 Sec, Colophonia. 
 
 BRAIN, Cerebrum — b. Fag, see Nervous dia- 
 thesis — b. Little, Cerebellum — b. Pan, Cranium. 
 
 BRAINB, MINERAL WATERS OP. Brain e 
 is a small village, three leagues from Soissons, 
 France, which has purgative waters similar to 
 those of Passy. 
 
 BRAKE, COMMON, Pteris Aquilina— b. Rock, 
 Polypodium vulgare, Polypodium incanum — b. 
 Root, Polypodium vulgare. 
 
 BRAMBLE, AMERICAN HAIRY, see Rubus 
 fruticosus — b. Common, Rubus fruticosus. 
 
 BRAN, Furfur. 
 
 BRANG-URSINE BAT ABBE, Heracleum 
 spondylium. 
 
 BRANCA GERMANICA, Heracleum spondy- 
 lium — b. Ursina, Acanthus mollis — b. Vera, Acan- 
 thus mollis. 
 
 BRANCH, from (P.) Branche, originally, pro- 
 bably, from Ppa^toiv, 'an arm,' (?) because branches 
 of trees, &o., go off like arms. A term applied, 
 generally, to the principal division of an artery 
 or nerve. The word is commonly used synony- 
 mously with Baniiis; but often, with the French, 
 Branche signifies the great division; — Bameau, 
 Lat. Ramus, the division of the branches ,• and 
 Ramuseules, Lat. Ramusculi, the divisions of 
 these last. 
 
 The French, also, speak of the brandies of the 
 pubis for the Rami of that bone, branches of the 
 Ischium for the rami of the ischium, &c. 
 
 BRANCHES BE LA MOELLE ALLON- 
 GEE (PETITES) Corpora restiformia. 
 
 BRANCHI, Branches. Swellings of the ton- 
 sils, or parotid, according to some ; — of the thy- 
 roid gland, according to others. 
 
 BRAN'CHIA, (Gr.) Bpayxia. The gills or re- 
 spiratory organs of fishes, corresponding to the 
 lungs of terrestrial animals. 
 
 BRANCHUS, Ppayx^og, Rauce'do. A catarrhal 
 aflfection of the mucous membrane of the fauces, 
 trachea, &e. — Galen. Hoarseness. 
 
 BRANCI, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 BRANCIA, Vitrum. 
 
 BRANDY, (G.) Branntwein, Dutch, 
 Brandwijn, ' burnt wine.' Vinutn adus'tum 
 seu crema'tum. Aqua Vita>, (F.) Eau de vie, (S.) 
 Aguardiente. The first liquid product obtained 
 bj' distilling wine. It is composed of water, al- 
 cohol, and an aromatic oily matter, which gives 
 it its flavour. Brandy is a powerful and diffusi- 
 ble stimulant, and as such is used in medicine. 
 It has been also called Liquor Aquile'gius. See 
 Spirit. 
 
 Brandt, Apple, see Pyrus malus — b. Egg, 
 ?ee Ovum. 
 
 BRANKS, Cynanche parotidsea. 
 
 BRANKURSINE Acanthus mollis. 
 
 BRANNTWEIN, Brandy. 
 
 BRAS. See Oryza. 
 
 BRAS, Brachium — 6. du Gervelet, Corpora res- 
 tiformia. 
 
 BRASDOR'S OPERATION FOR ANEU- 
 RISM. An operation by ligature, proposed by 
 Brasdor, which consists in the application of the 
 ligature on the distal side of the tumour. 
 
 BRASEGUR, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 BrasSgur is a place in the dioeess of Rhodez, 
 where there are cathartic waters. 
 10 
 
 BRASENIA, B. Hydropeltis. 
 
 Brase'nia Hydropel'tis, Brase'nia, B. pel- 
 ta'ta, Hydropel'tis purpu'rea, Gelat'ina aquat'ica, 
 Frogleaf, Little Water Lily, Water Jelly, Water 
 shield, Beerfood. An indigenous plant, Nat. Ord. 
 Ranunculaceae, Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia, 
 flourishing from Kentucky to Carolina and Flo- 
 rida; and covering the surface of ponds, marshes, 
 (tc. The fresh leaves are mucilaginous, and have 
 been used in pulmonary complaints, dysentery, 
 (fee, like Cetraria. 
 
 Brasenia Peltata, B. Hydropeltis. 
 
 BRASH, WATER, Pyrosis. 
 
 Brash, Weaning, Atroph'ia Ablactato'rum. 
 A severe form of diarrhoea, which supervenes at 
 times on weaning. The Maladie de Cruveilhier 
 appears to be a similar afi"ection. 
 
 BRASILETTO, see Caesalpinia. 
 
 BRASIUM, Malt. 
 
 BRASMOS, Fermentation. 
 
 BRASS, Sax. bpaj', Welsh, pres. Aurichal'- 
 cum, Orichal'cum, ^secavxim, Chrysochal'cos, 
 (P.) Airain. A yellow metal, fomied by mixing 
 copper with calamine. The same general remarks 
 apply to it as to copper. See Cuprum. 
 
 BRAS'SICA, Crambe, Bras' sica olera'cea : B. 
 capita'ta seu cuma'na of the old Romans. The 
 Cabbage, (P.) Ohou potager. Family, Cruciferte. 
 Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Cato wrote 
 a book on its virtues. It is a vegetable by no 
 means easy of digestion when boiled ; when raw, 
 it appears to be more digestible. When forming 
 a solid globular mass, like a head, it is the B. 
 Capita'ta, (P.) Ohou-Cabus, Chou Pomme. 
 
 Brassica Canina, Mercurialis perennis — b.. 
 capitata, Brassica — b. Cumana, Brassica. 
 
 Bras'sica Eru'ca, B. his'pida, Eru'ca, E.foe'- 
 tida seu sati'va, Sina'pis eru'ca, Sisym'briuw 
 erucas'trum. Garden Rocket, Roman Rocket, Ac.,. 
 (P.) Choii Roquette, Roquette. This was consi- 
 dered by the Romans an aphrodisiac, — Colu- 
 mella. The seeds were ordinarily used. 
 
 Bras'sica Plor'ida, — Bras'sica Pompeia'na 
 of the ancients— the Cauliflower, Caulis Flor'ida, 
 (F.) ChoU'Jieur, is a more tender and digestible 
 variety. 
 
 The Broc'coli, B. Sabel'lica of the Romans, B.. 
 Ital'ica, belongs to this variety. 
 
 Brassica Hispid a, B. eruca — b. Italica, B. 
 Florida— b. Marina, Convolvulus soldanella. 
 
 Bras'sica Napus, Napus Sylvestris, Bunias, 
 Rape, (P.) Navette. The seed yields a quantity 
 of oil. 
 
 Brassica Nigra, Sinapis nigra — b. Oblonga, 
 B. rapa — b. Oleracea, Brassica — b. Pompeiana, B. 
 Florida. 
 
 Bras'sica Rapa, Rapa rotun'da seu oblon'ga, 
 Rapum majus, Rapa napus, Sina'pis tubero'sa, 
 Turnip, (F.) Chou navet, Navet, Rave. The tur- 
 nip is liable to the same objection (but to a less- 
 extent) as the cabbage. 
 
 Brassica Sabellica, B. Florida. 
 
 BRATHU, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina, 
 
 BRA YER, Truss. 
 
 BRAYERA ANTHELMINTIC A, Hagenia 
 Abyssiniea. 
 
 BRAZIL WOOD, Csesalpinia echinata. 
 
 BREAD, see Triticum. 
 
 Bread. Gluten. Bread made of wheat dougb 
 deprived of the chief portion of its starch by 
 washing. Bread, made of 'gluten only, cannot 
 be eaten, on account of its hardness and tough- 
 ness ; hence one fifth of the normal quantity of 
 starch is allowed to remain, and in this form tli« 
 
BREAD-FRUIT 
 
 146 
 
 BROIEMENT 
 
 bread is said to be tolerably ligbt, eatable, and 
 moderately agreeable. 
 Bread, Huusehold, Syncomistos. 
 BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpns. 
 BE-EAST, Thorax, Mamma — b. Abscess of the, 
 Mastodynia apostematosa. 
 
 BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glass. A glass applied 
 to the nipple to receive the milk when secreted 
 copiously by the mamma. 
 
 Breast. Irritable, Neuralgia MammsE. 
 BREAST-PANG, SUFFOCATIVE, Angina 
 pectoris. 
 
 BREAST-PUMP, Antlia Laetea. 
 BREATH, Sax. bnaSe, Hal'itus, Anhel'itus, 
 An'imns, Sjnr'itus, Ai'mos, (F.) Ealeine. The 
 air expelled from the chest at each expiration. 
 It requu-es to be studied in the diagnosis of tho- 
 racic diseases especially. See Respiration. 
 
 Breath, Offens'ive; Fcetor Oris, Catostoma- 
 tosphre's'ia, Hal'itus oris fce'tidus, Oze. An offen- 
 sive condition, which is usually dependent upon 
 carious teeth, or some faulty state of the secre- 
 tions of the air passages. The internal use of the 
 chlorides may be advantageous. 
 
 Breath, Saturnine, see Saturnine — ^b. Short, 
 Dyspnoea. 
 
 BREATHING AIR, see Respiration. 
 Breathing, Difficulty of. Dyspnoea. 
 BRECHET, (F.) The Brisket. This name is 
 given in some parts of France to the cartihiijo 
 ensiformis, and sometimes to the sternum itself. 
 BRECHMA, Bregma. 
 BRECHMUS, Bregma. 
 
 BREDISSUBE, (F.) Trismus Capistra'tvs. 
 Incapacity of opening the mouth, in consequence 
 of preternatural adhesion between the internal 
 part of the cheek and gums ; often occasioned by 
 the abuse of mercury. 
 
 BREDOUILLEMENT, (F.) Tttuhan'tia. A 
 preciptitate and indistinct mode of utterance, in 
 which a part only of the words is pronounced, 
 and several of the syllables viciously changed. 
 This defect is analogous to stuttering, but differs 
 from it in being dependent on too great rapidity 
 of speech; whilst stuttering is characterized by 
 continual hesitation, and frequent repetition of 
 the same syllables. 
 BREED, Race. 
 
 BREEDING, Generation, Pregnant. 
 Breeding, Cross. The act of raising or breed- 
 ing from different stocks or families. 
 
 Breeding-in-and-in. The act of raising or 
 breeding from the same stock or family. 
 
 BREGMA, Brechma, Brechmus, from Ppt:)(tLv, 
 ' to sprinkle ;' Fontanel'la, Sin'ciput. The top 
 of the head was thus called, because it was be- 
 lieved to be humid in infants ; and, according to 
 «ome, because it was conceived to correspond to 
 ■the most humid part of the brain. 
 
 BREGMATODYMIA, see Cephalodymia. 
 BRENNING, Burning. 
 BREPHOCTONON, Conyza squarrosa. 
 B R E P H T ROPHE'UM, Ecthelobrephotro- 
 phe'uin, from (io^'pog, 'a new-born child,' and rpo- 
 rj,iiv, ' to nourish.' A foundling hospital. 
 BRESILLET, Csesalpinia sappan. 
 BRE'VIA VASA, Short Vessels. This name 
 has been given to several branches of the splenic 
 arteries and veins, which are distributed to the 
 great cul-de-sac of the stomach. 
 BREVIS CUBITI, see Anconeus. 
 BRICK, (F.) Brique. Hot bricks are some- 
 times used 10 apply heat to a part, as to the ab- 
 domen in colic, or after the operation for popli- 
 teal aneurism ; or, reduced to very fine powder, 
 and mixed with fat, as an application to herpetic 
 Bi.u psoric affections. 
 
 Beicks, Foniaeecs Testce or Tiks were for- 
 
 merly bruised in vinegar, and the liquid was used 
 as a specific in cutaneous affections. They en- 
 tered, also, into a cerate used for scrofulous hu- 
 mours, &c. To the Terra Forna' cum, or Brich 
 earth, the same virtues were assigned. 
 BRICUMUM, Artemisia. 
 
 BRIDE (F.), A bridle. Frm'nulum, Reti- 
 nac'ulum. This term is given, in the plural, to 
 membranous filaments, which are found within 
 abscesses or deep-seated wounds, and which pre- 
 vent the exit of pus. The term is, also, applied 
 to preternatural adhesions, which occur in cica- 
 trices of the skin, in the urethra, or in inflamed 
 serous or syno\'ial membranes. 
 BRIER, Vv'ILD, Rosa canina. 
 BRIGHT'S DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY, 
 see Kidney, Bright's disease of the. 
 
 BRIGHTON, CLIMATE OF. The air of this 
 fashionable watering place, on the south coast of 
 England, is dry, elastic, and bracing. According 
 to Sir James Clark, its climate appears to the 
 greatest advantage in the autumn and early part 
 of the winter ; when it is somewhat milder and 
 more steady than that of Hastings. Accordingly, 
 it is adapted for all cases in which a dry and 
 mUd air at this season of the year proves bene- 
 ficial. In the spring months, owing to the pre- 
 valence of, and its exposure to, north-east winds, 
 the climate is cold, harsh, and exciting to the 
 delicate. It is well adapted for convalescents, 
 and for all who require a dry and bracing sea 
 air. 
 
 BRIMSTONE, Sulphur. 
 BRINE, Muxia. 
 
 BBINTON ROOT, Leptandria purpurea. 
 BRION, Corallina. 
 BRIQ UE, Brick. 
 
 BPtI QUEBEC, MINERAL "WATERS OF. 
 This town is three leagues from Cherbourg, in 
 France. The water contains chloride of iron. 
 
 BRISE-PIERRE ARTICULE, (F.) An in- 
 strument invented by Jacobson for crushing Xhh 
 stone in the bladder. 
 
 BRISTOL HOT WELL, Bristolien' sis Aqua 
 Bristol is about thirteen miles from Bath, ii 
 England. The water is an almost pure thermal 
 slightly acidulated. It contains chlorides el 
 magnesium and sodium, sulphate of soda, sul- 
 phate of lime, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid, 
 oxygen and azote. Temperature, 74° Fah. The 
 Hot Well has been long celebrated. Its action 
 is like that of thermal waters in general. The 
 climate of Bristol is mild, and hence the water 
 has been celebrated for the cure of incipient pul- 
 monary consumption. See Clifton. 
 BRIZOCERAS, Ergot. 
 
 BROAD, Sax. bpa&, Latus, (F.) Large. Any 
 body is so termed whose transverse extent is 
 considerable compared with its length. The 
 Broad Bones, such as the frontal, parietal, occi- 
 pital, iliac, aid in forming the parietes of splanch- 
 nic cavities. Broad Muscles generally occupy 
 the parietes of cavities, and especially those of 
 the chest and abdomen. The epithet has also 
 been applied to other parts — as to the hroad liga- 
 ments of the womb, &c. 
 
 BROCCOLI, Brassica sabellica. 
 BROCHOS, jSpoxo;, Laqueus. A bandage. 
 BROCH'THUS, fioox^og, Gula. The throat 
 Also, a kind of small drinking vessel. — Hipp. 
 
 BROCHUS, jipoxus. This name has been given 
 to one who has a very prominent upper lip. Ac- 
 cording to others, it means one whose teeth pro- 
 ject in front of the moulh. 
 
 BRO'DIUM. A synonym of Jus or Jus'culum. 
 Broth, or the liquor in which any thing is boiled- 
 Bro'dium salis — a decoction of salt. 
 BROIEMENT, gee Cataract, Laceration. 
 
BllOKEN DOSES 
 
 U7 
 
 BRONCHITIS 
 
 BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken. 
 
 BROKEN-WINDEDNESS, Asthma. 
 
 BROMA, Aliment, Bromine. 
 
 BROMATO CCBISIS, Lientery. 
 
 BROMATOG'BAPHY, Bromutograjjh'ia, Bro- 
 moy'raphy, Bromograpli' ia, from (Spuifta, ' food,' 
 and ypa<pri> 'a description.' A description of ali- 
 ments. 
 
 BROMATOL'OGY, Bromatolog"ia, Sitiol'ogy, 
 from fipii/ia, ' food,' and \oyos, ' a discourse.' A 
 treatise on food. 
 
 BROME, Bromine. 
 
 BROMEGRASS, Bromus ciliatus — b. Soft, 
 Bromus ciliatus. 
 
 BROME'LIA ANA'NAS, called after Olaus 
 Bromel, a Swede. Car'duu^ Brazilia'nxw, Ana'- 
 nas ova'ta seu aculea'ta, Anas'sa, Capa-Isiak'ka, 
 Ana'nas or Pitie Apple. A West India tree, 
 whicli produces the most delicious of fruits. 
 
 Brome'lia Pinguin, Ana'nas America' na, Pin- 
 gtiin, Broad-leaved loild Ana'nas, <fcc. The West 
 India plant, which affords the Pinguin fruit. The 
 fruit is refrigerant, and the juice, when ripe, very 
 austere. It is used to acidulate punch. A wine 
 is made from the Pinguin, which is very intoxi- 
 cating, and has a good flavour. 
 
 BROMIC, Bro'micus : same etymon as Bro- 
 mine. Containing bromine. 
 
 BROMIDE OF IRON, see Bromine — b. of 
 Mercury, see Bromine — b. of Potassium, see 
 Bromine. 
 
 BROMIDRO'SIS, from j^pw/io;, 'stench,' and 
 'i6p(ijs, ' sweat.' Offensive sweat. 
 
 BROMINE, Bro' minim, Bromin'ium, Bronia, 
 Bromin'eum, Bro'mimn, Bro'mina, Bromum, 3fu'- 
 rina, Iluride, Brome. A simple body, of a very 
 volatile nature, and highly offensive and suffo- 
 cating odour, whence its name, from ;8pw//oj, 'a 
 stench.' It is met with chieiiy in sea-water, ai>d 
 in many animal and vegetable bodies that live 
 therein. It has likewise been found in many 
 mineral waters of this and other countries. In 
 its chemical relations, it may be placed between 
 chlorine and iodine. With oxygen it forms an 
 acid, — the Bromie, and with hydrogen another — 
 the Hi/drobromic. 
 
 Pure Bromine, Bromide of Iron, (dose, gi\ i 
 or ij,) and Bromide of Potassium, have been 
 used medicinally, and chiefly in scrofulosis, — 
 internally, as well as applied externally. Bro- 
 mine may be dissolved in forty parts of distilled 
 water, and six drops be commenced with as a 
 dose. Bromides of Mercury [Hydrar' gyri Bro' - 
 mida) have been given in syphilis. The proto- 
 bromide and the bibromide are analogous in 
 composition and medicinal properties to the cor- 
 responding iodides of mercury. 
 
 BROMIUM, Bromine. 
 
 BROMOGRAPHY, Bromatography. 
 
 BROMOS, Ppmjioi. One of the cerealia, sup- 
 posed, by some, to be oats. See Avena. 
 
 BROMOSUS, Fetid. 
 
 BROMUM, Bromine. 
 
 BROMUS CILIA'TUS, B. purgans, Brome 
 grass; indigenous: Order, Graminete ; is said to 
 be emetic, and anthelmintic ( ? ), cathartic and 
 diuretic. It purges cattle. 
 
 Bbomus Glaber, Triticum repens. 
 
 Bromus Mollis, Soft Brome Grass.. The seeds 
 are said to cause giddiness in man; and to be 
 fatal to poultry. 
 
 Bromus Puugans, B. ciliatus. 
 
 Bromus Temulentus, Lolium temulentum. 
 
 BRONCHES, Bronchia- — b. Ganglions lym- 
 phatiques des. Bronchial glands. 
 
 BRONCHI, Bronchia. 
 
 BRON'CIIIA, Bron'chicB, Bronchi, from Ppoy- 
 j(^os, 'the throat' The Latins used the term 
 
 Bronchus, for the whole of the trachea ; whilst 
 they called its ramifications Bronchia. Bronchia, 
 BronchicB, and Bronchi, (TP.) Branches, now mean 
 the two tubes, with their ramifications, which arise 
 from the bifurcation of the trachea, and carry air 
 into the lungs, — Can'nulcB ptdmo'mim. 
 
 Bronchia, Dilatation of the, Dilated Bron- 
 chia. The physical signs of this condition are 
 the following : — Percussion usually clear, but not 
 unfrequently less so than natural, although very 
 seldom quite dull. Auscultation detects coarse 
 mucous or gurgling rhonchi, increased by the 
 cough, combined with, or replaced bj', bronchial 
 or cavernous respiration, which is often effected 
 as if by a sudden puff or whiff. The resonance 
 of the voice is increased, but it seldom amounts 
 to perfect pectoriloquy. The most common situ- 
 ations for dilated bronchia are the scapular, mam- 
 mary, or lateral regions. They are almost always 
 confined to one side. 
 
 Bronchia, Obliteration or Compression op 
 THE. The inspiratory murmur on auscultation 
 is weaker or wholly suppressed over a limited 
 portion of the chest ; the expiration is generally 
 more distinct and prolonged : aU the other con- 
 ditions are natural. 
 
 BRONCHIA, see Bronchia. 
 
 BRON'CHIAL, Bronchic, Bronchia'lis, Bron'- 
 chicus. That which relates to the bronchia. 
 
 Bronchial Arteries, (F.)^rre?-esi??-oi!c^?^ue8. 
 These are generally two in number, one going to 
 each lung. They arise from the thoracic aorta, 
 and accompany the bronchia in all their ramifi- 
 cations. 
 
 Bronchial Cells, (F.) Cellules bronchiqnes. 
 The Air-cells ; the terminations of the bronchia. 
 
 Bronchial Cough, (F.) Toux bronchiqne, T. 
 tubaire. This generally accompanies bronchial 
 respiration. They both indicate obstruction to 
 the entrance of air into the air-cells. 
 
 Bronchial Glands, Glan'dulcB Vesalia'nce, 
 Glands of Vesa'lius, (F.) Glandes bronehiques ou 
 Ganglions lymphatiques des bronches, are numer- 
 ous glands of an ovoid shape ; of a reddish hue 
 in the infant, and subsequently brown and black, 
 seated in the coui-se of the bronchia. Their func- 
 tions are unknown. The bronchial glands may 
 be presumed to be affected by scrofulosis, when, 
 in addition to the existence of tumours in the 
 neck, percussion gives a dull sound under the 
 upper and central part of the sternum, whilst 
 there is no appreciable lesion of the lungs. 
 
 Bronchial Nerves, (F.) Nerfs bronehiques, 
 are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses. 
 
 Bronchial Phthisis, see Phthisis bronchial — 
 b. Respiration, see Murmur, respii'atory. 
 
 Bronchial Veins arise from the last divisions 
 of the arteries of the same name, and pass, ou 
 the right side, into the vena azygos ; on the left, 
 into the superior intercostal. 
 
 BRONCHIC, Bronchial. 
 
 BRONCHIECTASIS, Dilata'tio bronchio'rum, 
 from Ppoyxos, ' a bronchus,' and tKrairi;, ' dilata- 
 tion.' Dilatation of one or more bronchial tubes. 
 
 BRONCHIITIS, Bronchitis. 
 
 BRON'CHIOLE, Bronchioluni, Bronchiolu^ ; 
 diminutive of ^roHc/u'uHi or Br'onehus. A minute 
 bronchial tube. 
 
 BRONCHIOSTENO'SIS. from Ppoyxoi, '» 
 bronchus,' and (rrtvwo-if, 'contraction.' Contrac- 
 tion or narrowness of the bronchi. 
 
 BP.ONCHITE CONVULSIVE, Pertussis. 
 
 BRONCHI'TIS, Bronchii'tis, Inflamma'tvt 
 bronchio'rum, Catar'rhus Pubno'num, C. bron- 
 chio'rum, Pleuri'tis hn'mida, P. brovchia' li^i. 
 Bronchos' tasis, Ptd'monary Catarrh, Angi'm, 
 bronchialia, (F.) Injiummation des Bronchen. 
 Inflammation of the lining membrane of tin? 
 
BRONCHIUS 
 
 148 
 
 BRUCOUKT 
 
 bronchial tubes. This is always more or less 
 present in eases of pulmonary catarrh ; and is 
 accompanied by cough, mucous expectoration, 
 dyspnoea, and more or less uneasiness in breath- 
 ing. The acute form is accompanied with all the 
 signs of internal inflammation, and requires the 
 employment of antiphlogistics followed by revul- 
 sives. The chronic form, Tussis seni'lis, Qatar' - 
 rhua seni'lis, JRheuma catarrha'le, Per'ijmeumo'- 
 nia notha, Bronchorrhoe'a acn'ta, Winter cough, 
 Chronic Catarrh, may be confounded with phthi- 
 sis ; from which it must be distinguished mainly 
 by the absence of hectic fever and of the physical 
 signs that are characteristic of the latter, as well 
 as by the nature of the expectoration, which is 
 generally mucous, although at times muco-puru- 
 lent. When the expectoration is little or none, 
 the bronchitis is said to be dri/, dry catarrh, (E.) 
 Catarrhe Sec. 
 
 When bronchitis aifects the smaller tubes, it is 
 termed capil'lary hronchi'tis, hronchi'tia capilla'- 
 ris, bronchoc'ace infanti'lis ( ? ), and is often fatal 
 to children. Vesic'ular bronchitis is the term pro- 
 posed by MM. Killiet and Barthez for the vesi- 
 cular pneumonia of children. 
 
 Beoxchitis, Catarrh — b. Asthenica, Peripneu- 
 monia notha — b. Capillary, see Bronchitis — b. 
 Convulsiva, Pertussis — b. Membranaeea, Polypus 
 bronchialis — b. Plastic, Polypus bronchialis — 
 b. Pseudomembranous, Polypus bronchialis — b. 
 Summer, Pever, hay — b. Vesicular, see Bron- 
 chitis. 
 
 BRONCHITIS, Sterno-thyroideus. 
 
 BRONCHLEMMITIS, Polypus bronchialis. 
 
 BRONCHOCACE, Peripneumonia notha — b. 
 Infantilis, see Bronchitis. 
 
 BRONCHO-CATARRHUS, Catarrh. 
 
 BRONCHOCE'LE, from jipoyxos, 'a bronchus,' 
 and KiiXrj, 'tumour.' An inaccurate name for the 
 affection which is called, also, JBo'chium, Botium, 
 Hernia gut'tttris, Guttur tu'midum seu gloho'sum, 
 Trachelophy'ma, Hernia guttura'lis, Thyroce'le, 
 Thyreoce'le, Tracheoce'le, T hyremphrax' is, Thy^ 
 reophrax'ia, Thyreon'cus, Thyron'cus, Heiron'- 
 cus, JDeron'cus, 'Thyrophrax'ia, Gossum, Go'tium, 
 Exechehron' chiis, Gongro'na, Strtima, Glans, Bo'- 
 cium, Her'nia hronchia'lis, Tracheloce'le, Tuber 
 gutturo' sum, Gntte'ria, &c., the Derbyshire neck. 
 Swelled neck, Wen, Goitre, &c., (F.) Goitre, Gou- 
 itre. Hypertrophic du Corps Thyrdide, Grosse 
 Gorge, Gros Cou. This is no rupture, but con- 
 sists of an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It 
 is common at the base of lofty mountains in 
 every part of the world ; and has been supposed 
 to be owing to the drinking of snow-water, but 
 it occurs where there is no snow. The tumour 
 is sometimes very extensive. Iodine has great 
 power over it, and will generally occasion its 
 absorption, when the case has not been of such 
 duration as to have ended in a cartilaginous con- 
 dition. 
 
 BRONCHOCBPHALITIS, Pertussis. 
 
 BRONCHOPARALYSIS, Asthma. 
 
 BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance. 
 
 BROXCHOPLAS'TIC, Bronchoplas'ticm, from 
 PpoY)^os, ' a bronchus,' and TrXao-o-d), ' I form.' An 
 epithet given to the operation for closing fistulse 
 
 BRONCHOPNEIJMO'NIA, from lipoyxo?, 'a 
 bronchus,' and Pneumonia. Inflammation of the 
 bronchia and lungs. 
 
 BRONCHORRHCE'A, (F.) Bronchorrhie, Go- 
 tarrhc pituiteux, Phlegmorrhagie puhnonaire, 
 Flux bronchique, from j3poy;^of, 'bronchus,' and 
 psu>. ' I flow.' An increased secretion of mucus 
 from the air passages, accompanied or not by in- 
 flammation : — a gleet, as it were, of the pulmo- 
 Bttry mucous membrane. 
 
 Bronchorrhcea Acuta, Bronchitis (chronic.) 
 
 BRONCHOSTASIS, Bronchitis. 
 
 BE ONCHOTOME, Bronchot'omua, from fipoy- 
 X";, and rtjivtiv, ' to cut.' A kind of lancet, with 
 a blunt and rounded point, mounted on a handle, 
 and fitted to a canula, which passfes in along with 
 it, and is allowed to remain in the opening made 
 in the trachea. 
 
 BRONCHOT'OMY, Bronchotom'ia, (F.) Bron- 
 chotomie. Same etymology. A surgical opera- 
 tion, which consists in making an opening either 
 into the trachea, ( Tracheot'omy :) into the larynx, 
 [Laryngot'omy :) or into both, ( Tracheo-laryngot'- 
 omy,) to extract foreign bodies or to permit the 
 passage of air to the lungs. These diiferent parts 
 are divided transversely or vertically, according 
 to circumstances. 
 
 BRONCHUS, see Bronchia. Trachea. 
 
 BROOKLIME, Veronica beceabunga. 
 
 BROOM, Sophora tinctoria, Spartium scopa- 
 rium — b. Butcher's, Rnscus — b. Clover, Sophora 
 tinctoria — b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria — b. Rape, 
 of Virginia, Orobanche Virginiana — b. Spanish, 
 Spartium juneeum — b. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria. 
 
 BROSSADIERE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Brossardiere is a chateau in Bas-Poitou, 
 France. The waters contain carbonates of iron 
 and lime, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of 
 lime. They are aperient. 
 
 BROSSE, Brush. 
 
 BROTH, CHICKEN, see Chicken Broth, 
 
 Broth, Vegetable. Take two potatoes, a car^ 
 rot, and an onion, all cut fine ; boil in a quart of 
 water for an hour, adding more water from time 
 to time, so as to keep the original quantity; fla- 
 vour with salt, and a small quantity of potherbs ; 
 strain. A little mushroom catchup improves the 
 flavour. 
 
 BROUILLARH, Caligo. 
 
 BROUS'SAIST. One who is a believer in, and 
 professor of, the physiological and pathological 
 opinions of Broussais. The system itself was 
 called Broussaism, or the Physiological Doc- 
 trine. 
 
 BROW, Front — b. Ague, Neuralgia frontalis. 
 
 BROWN RED, Colcothar. 
 
 BROWN'IAN, Broieno' nian, Bruno'nian. Re- 
 lating to the system or opinions of John Brown. 
 
 BROWNISM, Bru'tionism, Bruno' nianism. 
 The doctrines of Brown. 
 
 BROWNIST, Browno'nian, Bruno'nian. A 
 follower of the syster-> of Brown. 
 
 BRU'CEA ANTi-DYSENTEP/ICA. Called 
 after Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller. B. ferru- 
 gin'ea, Angustu'ra spu'ria, (F.) Favsse Angus- 
 ture, A. Ferrugineuse. The systematic name of 
 the plant whence was obtained — it was supposed 
 — false Angustnra or false Cusparia Bark. It 
 is really the bark of Strychnos nux vomica. 
 
 BRUCIA, Bnicine. 
 
 BRUCINE, Bru'cia, Bruci'na, ' Briici'num, 
 Bru'cinm, Psetidangusturi'num, Canirami'mim, 
 Voni'icine. An organic, salifiable base, disco- 
 vered in the false angustura — Brucea anti-dy- 
 senter'ica, and obtained from Strychnos nux vom'~ 
 ica. It is of a pearly white; crystallizes in oblique 
 prisms with a parallelogrammatie base ; is very 
 bitter, slightly acrid and styptic, and soluble in 
 water, but more so in alcohol. Brucia is a less 
 active poison than strychnia. It resembles it, 
 however, and may be used as a substitute for it 
 and for the extract of nux vomica. Dose, half a 
 grain. 
 
 BRUCKENAU, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 These springs axe in Bavaria, and contain car- 
 bonic acid and iron. 
 
 BRUCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OP. 
 Brucourt is three leagues and a half from Caen, 
 
BRUISE 
 
 149 
 
 BRUSH 
 
 in Normandy. The waters contain carbonic acid, 
 chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda, much 
 sulphate of lime, &a. 
 
 BRUISE, Contusion. 
 
 BRUISE ROOT, Stylophorum diphyllum. 
 
 BRUISEWORT, Bellis saponaria. 
 
 BRUISSEMENT, (F.) Frem'itus. This word 
 has much the same signification as Bourdonne- 
 ment, as well as Bruit. 
 
 BRUIT, (P.) 'Sound.' A French term, ap- 
 plied to various sounds heard on percussion and 
 auscultation, viz. 
 
 BEUIT BE CRAQUEMENT, B.de ThaMe- 
 ment, Bruit de cuir neuf, ' sound of crackling, or 
 bursting, or of new leather.' A sound produced 
 by the friction of the pericardium, when dried 
 and roughened by inflammation. 
 
 BRUIT BU CCEUR FOETAL, Battemens dou- 
 bles; Double bruit du Coeur du Foetus. The pul- 
 sations of the fo?tal heart heard in auscultation 
 in the latter half of utero-gestation. 
 
 BRUIT DE CUIR NEUF, Bruit de craqxie- 
 ment. 
 
 BRUIT DE DIABLE, Ronflement du Diable, 
 Bruit de souffle d double courant, 'noise of the 
 diable or humming-top.' Venous hum. A high 
 degree of Bruit de sotifflet, heard on auscultating 
 the arteries or veins — probably the latter — of the 
 neck in chlorosis. It denotes an impoverished 
 state of the blood. 
 
 BR UIT D UBLE DU CCEUR DU FOETUS, 
 Bruit du Coeur fcetal — b. de Frdlement, see Frole- 
 ment. 
 
 BRUIT DE FROISSEMENT PULMO- 
 NAIRE, see Froissement pulmonaire. 
 
 BRUIT DE FROLEMENT PERICAR- 
 DIQUE, see Frolement pericardique. 
 
 BR UIT DE FR TTE3IENT ASCENDANT 
 ET descendant, 'Sound of friction of ascent 
 and descent.' Sounds produced by the rubbing of 
 the lung against the parietes of the chest, as it 
 rises and falls during inspiration and expiration. 
 They are distinctly heard in pleuritis, when the 
 pleura has become roughened by the disease. 
 Friction sounds. Rubbing sounds, To-and-fro 
 sounds are also heard in pericarditis and perito- 
 nitis. 
 
 BRUIT HUMORIQUE, B. mjdrojmewna- 
 tique. The sound afforded on percussion when 
 organs are filled with liquid and air. 
 
 BRUIT HYDROPNEUMATIQUE, Bruit 
 humc}-ique. 
 
 BRUIT DE MOUCHE (F.), 'fly sound.' A 
 sound analogous to the Bruit de diable- — so called 
 from its likeness to the buzzing of a fly : — heard 
 on auscultating the neck in chlorotic cases. 
 
 BRUIT 3IUSCULAIRE. The sound accom- 
 panying the first sound of the heart, referred by 
 some to muscular contraction. Called, also. 
 Bruit rotatoire, in consequence of its having 
 been thought to resemble the rumbling of distant 
 wheels. 
 
 BRUIT MUSICAL, Sifflement moduli. 
 
 BRUIT DE PARCHE3IIN. 'Parchment 
 tone.' A sound as if produced by two sheets of 
 parchment applied to each other. It is said to be 
 produced by thickening and rigidity of the valves 
 of the heart. 
 
 BRUIT PLACENTAIRE, B. de soufflet pla- 
 centaire, B. uterin, Souffle uterin, Souffle pilacen- 
 iaire. Placental bellows' sound, Utero-^ilacen'tal 
 murmur, Uterine murmur. The bellows' sound 
 heard on auscultating over the site of the pla- 
 centa in a pregnant female. It does not appear 
 to be owing to the placental vessels : but to the 
 uterine tumour pressing upon the large vessels 
 of the mother. 
 
 BR UITDEPOTFELEj 'Sound of a cracked 
 
 vessel.' This sound is heard on percussion, when 
 a cavern in the lungs is filled with air, and has a 
 narrow outlet. 
 
 BRUIT DE RACLEilENT, 'Sound of scra- 
 ping.' A sound produced by the scraping of hard, 
 solid membranes, as the pericardium, against each 
 other. 
 
 BRUIT DE RAPE, 'Sound of a rasp.' A 
 sound heard during the contraction of either the 
 auricles or ventricles. It is constant; and the 
 contraction of the cavity is more prolonged than 
 natural, and emits a hard, rough, and — as it 
 were — stifled sound. 
 
 It indicates contraction of the valvular orifices 
 by cartilaginous deposits, or ossification, and is 
 better heard near the apex of the heart, if the 
 auriculo-ventricular valves be concerned, — near 
 the base if the semilunar valves be the seat of the 
 disease. 
 
 BRUIT ROTATOIRE, Bruit musculaire. 
 
 BRUIT DE SCIE, or 'saw-sound,' and Bruit 
 DE LIME A Bois, Or 'filc-sound,' resemble the Bruit 
 de Rape. 
 
 BRUIT DE SOUFFLE A DOUBLE COU- 
 RANT, Bruit de Diable. 
 
 BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, Bruit de Souffle, 
 'bellows' sound,' 'blowing sound.' A sound like 
 that of a bellows, heard occasionally by the ear 
 applied to the chest during the contraction of the 
 ventricles, auricles, or large arteries. It coexists 
 with affections of the heart, but is heard, also, 
 without any disease in that organ, — whenever, 
 indeed, an artery is compressed. An Encephalic 
 belloios' sound, has been described by Drs. Fisher 
 and Whitney. It is heard on applj'ing the ear 
 to the occiput or to the top of the head; and is 
 considered to indicate turgescence of vessels, or 
 inflammation. When such turgescence exists, 
 the vessels are compressed, and the compression 
 gives rise to the sound in question. 
 
 BRUIT DE SOUFFLET PLACENTAIRE, 
 Bruit placentaire — b. de Tiraillement, Bruit de 
 craqxiement. 
 
 BRUIT DE TAFFETAS. 'Sound of Taf- 
 feta.' ' Sarcenet soxmd.' A respiratory sound, so 
 named, by M. Grisolle, from its resembling the 
 sound caused by the tearing of a piece of taffeta; 
 and which he considers to indicate hepatization 
 of the lung, limited to the surface, in pneumonia. 
 
 BRUIT TTMPANIQUE, 'Tympanic sound.' 
 The clear sound aflTorded by percussing the sto- 
 mach and intestines when containing air. 
 
 BR UIT UTERIN, B. placentaire. 
 
 BRULURE, Burn. 
 
 BR UNFILE, Prunella. 
 
 BRUNKER'S GLANDS, Brunneri Glan'dulcB, 
 GlandulcB solita'ria. Solitary glands. Solitary 
 follicles, Second pan'creas. Compound muci- 
 parous follicles, seated between the mucous and 
 muscular coats of the stomach, along the two 
 curvatures of that organ, and in the duodenum ; 
 so called from their discovery having been gene- 
 rally attributed to Brunner. The solitary intes- 
 tinal follicles are often known, at the present 
 day, as the glands of Brunner, although Brunner 
 restricted the latter term to the glands of the 
 duodenum. 
 
 BRUNONIAN, Brownian. 
 
 BRUNOMANISM, Brownism. 
 
 BRUNUS, Erysipelas. 
 
 BRUSCUS, Ruscus. 
 
 BRUSH, Scop'nJa, (F.) Brosse. ^. well known 
 instrument, used in medicine chiefly for the fol- 
 lowing purposes. 1. To clean the teeth. 2. To 
 remove the saw-dust which adheres to the teeth 
 of the trephine, during the operation of trepbip- 
 ing. 3. To rub the surface of the body, for the 
 purpose of exciting the skin, and favouring trana- 
 
BRUTA 
 
 150 
 
 BUBONULUS 
 
 piration. 'Westrmg, a SwedisTi physician, has 
 recommended metallic brushes for the purpose 
 of conveying galvanism to a part. These brushes 
 consist of a plate of ebony fitted to another of 
 gold, in which threads of the same metal are 
 fixed; — the brush being connected with one of 
 the poles of the galvanic pile. 
 
 Brush, Stomach, Excutia ventriculi. 
 
 BRUTA, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 BRU'TIA. A sort of thick pitch, obtained 
 from Brutia, in Italy. From Pix Brutia was 
 obtained the O'leum Pici'num. 
 
 Brutia, Instinct. 
 
 BRUTINO, Terebinthina. 
 
 BRUXANELI. A Malabar tree, the bark and 
 leaves of which have a strong smell, and are 
 astringent. On the coast of Malabar, its juice, 
 mixed with butter, is applied to boils. Its bark is 
 esteemed to be diuretic, and its roots anti-arthritic. 
 
 BPi.UYERE VULGAIRE, Erica vulgaris. 
 
 BRUYERES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bruyeres is a small village, 7 J leagues from 
 Luneville. The waters are acidulous and chaly- 
 
 BRYCETOS, see Algidus. 
 BRYCHETHMOS, Rugitus. 
 BRYCHETOS, see Algidus. 
 BRYGMA, Bryfjmus, Trisis, Priaia, Priamus, 
 Odontopri' sis, Stridor Ben'tium, (F.) Grincement 
 dea Bents. Grinding of the teeth. A common 
 symptom, in children, of gastric or other derange- 
 ment, but often present when there is no reason 
 to suspect any. 
 
 BRYO'NIA AFRICA'NA. A South African 
 remedy, common amongst the Hottentots, which, 
 in the form of decoction, acts simultaneously as 
 an emetic, cathartic, and diuretic. It is used by 
 the natives in cutaneous diseases, dropsy, and 
 syphilis. The tincture is a powerful emetic and 
 cathartic. — Thunberg. 
 
 BRYO'NIA ALBA; White Bry'ony, Vitia 
 alba sylves'tris, Agi*os'tis, Agriam'pelos, Am'pelos 
 a'gria, Archeos'tris, Eehetro'sia, Bryo'nia as'pera, 
 Oedros'tis, Ghelido' nium, Lahrus'ca, Melo'thrum, 
 Ophrosta]}h'ylon, Psilo'thrum, Bryonia Dioi'ca. 
 Nat. Ord. Cucurbitacese. Sex. Syst. Moncecia 
 Monadelphia. (F.) OouleuvrSe, Vigne vierge, V. 
 blanche. The root is large and succulent, and 
 has an acrid, bitter, and disagreeable taste. It 
 is a drastic cathartic. Externally, it has been 
 applied, in form of cataplasm, in gout. When 
 repeatedly washed, a good starch is obtained 
 from it. The active principle has been separated 
 from it, and called Bry'onine. 
 
 Bryonia Mechoacanna Nigricans, Convol- 
 vulus jalapa — b. Peruviana, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 BRYONINE, see Bryonia alba. 
 BRYONY, WILD, Sycios angulatus. 
 BRYTIA, Marc of grapes. 
 BRYTON, Cerevisia. 
 
 BU, Pov, abbreviation of jiovs, 'an ox;' in com- 
 position expresses, 'excess, greatness.' Hence 
 Bulimus, Buphthal'mia, &o. 
 BUBASTECORDIUM, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 BUBE, Pustule. 
 
 BUBO, ^ov^oiv, Pano'chia, Panus inguina'lis, 
 Adenophy'ma inguina'lis, Bubonojya'niia, Bnho- 
 von'eiis, Bubon'cus, Oambu'ea, Angus, Boubon, 
 Codoce'le, Codoseel'la, (F.) Bubon, Poulain. In 
 the works of Hippocrates and Galen, this word 
 sometimes signiiies the groin — Inguen; at others, 
 the inguinal glands; and at others, again, swell- 
 ing or inflammation of these parts. The moderns 
 apply the term to an inflammatory tumour seated 
 in the groin or axilla, and they generally distin- 
 guish, 1. Simple or Sympathetic Bubo, which is 
 independent of any virus in the economy. 2. 
 
 Venereal Bubo, (F.) Bubon v^nirien, which is oc- 
 casioned by the venereal rirus. 3. Pestilential 
 Bubo, or B. symptomatic of the Plague. The last 
 two have by some been called malignant Bubo, 
 (F.) Bubon malin. 
 
 Primary Bubo, (F.) Bubon primitif, shows it- 
 self with the first symptoms of syphilis : the con- 
 secutive not till afterwards. 
 
 BUBON, Bubo, Inguen — b. Gummiferum, see 
 Ammoniac gum. ^ 
 
 BUBON jyEMBLEE, (F.) An enlargement 
 and suppuration of one or more of the inguinal 
 glands, not preceded by any other of the more 
 common forms of venereal disease, nor by any 
 other syphilitic symptom. 
 
 Bubon Gal'banum. The systematic name 
 of a plant which has been supposed to afford 
 galbanum ; iJeto'pion, Mato'riuin. The plant is 
 also called Fer'ula Africa'na, Oreoseli'num Afri- 
 ca'num, Ani'sum frutico'sum galbanif erum, Ani- 
 sum Africa'num frutes'cens, Seli'num Galbanum, 
 Agasyll'is gal'banum., The long-leaved or lovage- 
 leaved Gal'banum. Nat. Ord. Uinbelliferse. The 
 plant can scarcely, however, be considered to be 
 determined. Galbanum is the gummi-resinous 
 juice. Its odour is fetid, and taste bitter and 
 acrid : the agglutinated tears are of a white co- 
 lour, on a ground of reddish-brown. It forms an 
 emulsion, when triturated with water, and is solu- 
 ble in proof spirits of wine, and vinegar : s. g. 
 1.212. It has been given as an antispasmodic, 
 aud expectorant, in pill or emulsion. Dose, from 
 gr. 10 to 60. Externally, it is applied as a cata- 
 plasm. 
 
 Bubon galbanum is a South African plant; and 
 is reputed to be an excellent diuretic, under the 
 name of Wild Celery. A decoction of the leaves 
 is given in dropsy and gravel. According to 
 Pappe, the resinous matter, which exudes from 
 the stem, difi'ers in appearance, smell, and in 
 every respect, from Gummi Galbanum. 
 
 Bubon Macedon'icum, Athaman'ta Macedon'- 
 ica, Petroseli'num Macedon' icum., A'pium petra' - 
 urn, Petra'pium, (F.) Persil de Jl/acedoine, Mace- 
 do'nian Parsley. Its properties are similar to 
 those of common parsley, but weaker and less 
 grateful. The seeds are an ingredient in the 
 celebrated compounds, Mithridate and Theriac. 
 BUBONA, Nipple. 
 
 BUBONALGIA, from /Sau/Suv, 'the groin,' and 
 a\yog, 'pain.' Pain in the groin. 
 BUBONCUS, Bubo. 
 
 BUBO'NIUM, Aster Ai'ticus, Golden Sfarwort, 
 A plant anciently supposed to be efl5cacious in 
 diseases of the groin, from fiovfiwv, ' the groin.' 
 
 BUBONOCE'LE, from fiovli^v, 'the groin,' and 
 Kri\r), 'tumour,' 'rupture.' Her'nia inguina'lis, 
 (F.) Herivie inguinale, In'guinal Hernia, or Rup- 
 ture of the Groin. Some surgeons have confined 
 this term to hernia when limited to the groin, 
 and have called the same affection, when it has 
 descended to the scrotum, Oscheoce'le, or Scrotal 
 Hernia. The rupture passes through the abdo- 
 minal ring : and, in consequence of the greater 
 size of the opening in the male, it is more fre- 
 quent in the male sex. 
 BUBONONCUS, Bubo. 
 BUBONOPANUS, Bubo. 
 BUBONOREX'IS, from Povffoyv, 'the groin,' 
 and prints, ' a rupture.' A name given to bubo- 
 nocele when accompanied with a division of the 
 peritoneum, or when, in other words, it is devoid 
 of a sac. 
 
 BUBON'ULUS, Bubun'culus. A diminutiTe 
 of Bubo. A painful swelling of the lymphatics 
 of the penis, extending along the dorsum of that 
 organ to the groin. It is aa occasional acoom- 
 pauiment of gonorrhoea. 
 
BUBUKLE 
 
 151 
 
 BULBUS 
 
 BUBUKLE. A word used by Shakspeare for 
 a red pimple on the nose. 
 
 BUBUNCULUS, Bubonulus. 
 
 BUCAKOS, Terra Portugallica. 
 
 BUCCA, Gnathos. The mouth. The cheek 
 and hollow of the cheek. Also, the vnlva. 
 
 BUCCAC'RATON, from Bucca, and Kpaw, 'I 
 mix.' A morsel of bread sopped in wine, which 
 served of old for a breakfast. — Linden. 
 
 BUCCAL, Bucca'lis, from Bucca, ' the mouth,' 
 or rather ' the cheek.' That which concerns the 
 mouth, and especially the cheek. 
 
 Buccal Artery, A. Sus-maxillaire, (Ch.) 
 arises from the internal maxillary or from some 
 of its branches, as the Temporalis profunda an- 
 tica, or the Alveolar. It distributes its branches 
 to the buccinator muscle, and to the buccal mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Buccal Glands, Molar Glands. Mucous fol- 
 licles, seated in the buccal membrane, opposite 
 the molar teeth. They secrete a viscid humour, 
 which mixes with the saliva, and lubricates the 
 mouth. 
 
 Buccal Membrane, (F.) Membrane Buccale. 
 The mucous membrane, which lines the interior 
 of the mouth. 
 
 Buccal Nerve, or Bucmna'tor Nerve, Biicco- 
 labial — (Ch.,) is given off by the inferior maxil- 
 lary. It sends its branches to the cheek, and 
 especially to the buccinator muscle. 
 
 Buccal Vein follows the artery. 
 
 BUC'CEA, Biiccel'la. The fleshy excrescence 
 of nasal polypus, so called because it was believed 
 to proceed from the mouth. — Paracelsus. Also, 
 a mouthful. 
 
 BUCCELA'TON, Buccela'tus. A loaf-shaped 
 cathartic medicine ; made chiefly of scammony. 
 — Aetius, Paulus of iSgina. 
 
 BUCCELLA'TIO. A mode of arresting hemor- 
 rhage, by applying a pledget of lint to the bleed- 
 ing vessel. — Avicenna, Fallopius. 
 
 BUCCINA, Turbinated bones. 
 
 BUCCINA'TOR, from buccinare, 'to sound 
 the trumpet.' The Buccina'tor diuscle, Retrac'- 
 tor An'gidi Oris, Bucco-Alveolo-maxillaire, Alve- 
 olo-labial — (Ch.,) Manso'riiis, is situate in the 
 substance of the cheeks. It extends between the 
 posterior portions of the alveolar arches of the 
 two jaws and the commissure of the lips, which 
 it draws backward. It assists in mastication, by 
 pushing the food back towards the teeth ; and, 
 if the cheeks be distended by air, its contrac- 
 tion forces it out. 
 
 BUCCO. One who is blub-cheeked, or wide- 
 mouthed. ^ 
 
 B UCOO-AL VEOL 0-MAXILLAIRE, Bueci- 
 Bator. 
 
 BUCCO-LABIAL NERVE, Buccal nerve. 
 
 BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL, Bucco-Pharynge'- 
 its, (F.) Bucco-Pharyngien, Belonging to the 
 mouth and pharynx. The Buceo-pharynge'al 
 Aponeuro'sis or Intermax.' illary Lig'ament, ex- 
 tends from the internal ala of the pterygoid pro- 
 cess to the posterior part of the lower alveolar 
 arch, and affords attachment, anteriorly, to the 
 buccinator, and, posteriorly, to the constrictor 
 pharyngis superior. 
 
 BEC'CULA, from Bueca, 'tbe mouth.' A 
 small mouth. The fleshy part beneath the chin. 
 — Bartholine. 
 
 BUCERAS, Trigonella frenum — b. Foenum 
 Grascum, Trigonella foenum Grsecum. 
 
 BUCHU, Diosma crenata — b. Leaves, Diosma 
 erenata. 
 
 BUCKBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata— b. Ame- 
 rican, Menyanthes verna. 
 
 BUCKBERRY, Vaecinium stamineum. 
 
 BUCKET FEVER, Dengue. 
 
 BUCKEYE, .(Esculus hippocastanum. 
 
 BUCKHO, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BUCKTHORN, PURGING, Rhamnus. 
 
 BUCKWHEAT, Polygonum fagopynim — ^ 
 Plant, eastern, Polygonum divaricatura. 
 
 BUCNEMIA, see Elephantiasis — b. Tropica, 
 see Elephantiasis. 
 
 BUCTON, Hymen. 
 
 BUFF, INFLAMMATORY, Corium phlogls- 
 ticum. 
 
 BUFFY COAT, Corium phlogisticum. 
 
 BUG, (BED,) Cimex. 
 
 BUGANTIA, Chilblain. 
 
 BUG'GERY, Sod'omy, Sodom'ia, Co'itus So- 
 domit'ictis, (I.) Bugarone. Said to have been 
 introduced by the Bulgarians. A carnal copula- 
 tion against nature, as of a man or woman with 
 any animal ; or of a man with a man, or a man 
 unnaturally with a woman. The unnatural 
 crime. 
 
 BUGLE, Prunella — b. Common, Ajuga rep- 
 tans — h. Pyramidale, Ajuga — b. Rampiante, Aju- 
 ga reptans — b. Water, Lycopus Virginicus — b. 
 Weed, Lycopus. 
 
 BUOLOSE, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 BUGLOSS, DYER'S, Anchusa tinctoria — b. 
 Garden, Anchusa officinalis — b. Upright, Ajuga. 
 
 BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM MAJUS, 
 Anchusa officinalis — b. Latifolium, Borago offici- 
 nalis — b. Sativum, Anchusa officinalis — b. Syl- 
 vestris, Anchusa officinalis — b. Tinctorum, An- 
 chusa tinctoria — b. Verum, Boracic acid — b. 
 Vulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 BUGRANDE EPINEUSE, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 BUGRANE, Ononis spinosa — b. des Champs, 
 Ononis arvensis. 
 
 BUGULA, Ajuga — b. Chamrepitys, Teucrium 
 chamaspitys — b. Pyramidalis, Ajuga — b. Rep- 
 tans, Ajuga reptans. 
 
 BUIS, Buxus. 
 
 BUISARD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bui- 
 sard is two leagues from Chateau-Thierry, in 
 France. The water contains chloride of calcium 
 and carbonate of lime. 
 
 BULB, Bulbus, (F.) Bulbe. A name, given 
 by anatomists to different parts which resemble, 
 in shape, certain bulbous roots. The Bulb of the 
 Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta. Bulb of a 
 Tooth; the vascular and nervous papilla con- 
 tained in the cavity of a tooth. The Bulb or 
 Root of the Hair is the part whence the hair 
 originates. The Bidb of the Ihethra is the 
 dilated portion formed by the commencement 
 of the Corpus spongiosum towards the root of 
 the penis. We say, also. Bulb, for Globe, of 
 the eye. 
 
 Bulb of the Eye, see Eye — b. of the Female, 
 Bulbus vestibuli — b. Rachidian, see Medulla 
 oblongata. 
 
 BULBE, Bulb — b. du Vagin, Bulbus vestibuli 
 — 6. de la Voiite d trois Piliers, Mamillary tu- 
 bercles 
 
 BULBI FORNICIS, Mamillary tubercles— b. 
 Priorum Crurum Fornicis, Mamillary tubercles. 
 
 BULBOCASTANEUM, Bunium bulbocas- 
 tanum, 
 
 BULBO-CAVERNOSUS, Accelerator urinaj— 
 b. Syndesmo-caverneux, Accelerator urina) — b. 
 Urethral, Accelerator urinee. 
 
 BULBOCODIUM, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. 
 
 BULBONACH, Lunaria rediviva. 
 
 BULBUS, Bulb. 
 
 Bulbus Esculen'tus. The Es'culent Bulb . 
 a particular kind, so denominated by the an- 
 cients. It is supposed to have been the Cepa 
 Asealon'ica. — Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny, <tc. 
 
BULESIS 
 
 152 
 
 BTJRS^ MUCOSA 
 
 Btjlbus Glandtjlosus, Proven trieulus — b. 
 Oeuli, see Eye — b. Olfactorius, see Olfactory 
 Nerves — b. Pili, see Hair — b. Raehidicus, see 
 Medulla oblongata — b. Vaginae, B. vestibuli. 
 
 BuLBUS Vestib'uli, B. Vagi'ncB, Plexus reii- 
 jform'iB, Crura clitor'idis inter' na, Bulb or Semi- 
 hulb of the Female, (F.) Bulbe du Yagin. A close- 
 packed plexus of intricately anastomosing veins, 
 inclosed in a fibrous investment, — being an im- 
 mediate continuation and extension of the pars 
 intermedia, and occupying the space between the 
 beginning or vestibule of the vagina and the 
 rami of the pubic arch. It is regarded by Louth, 
 Taylor, Morgagni and Kobelt as the analogue 
 of the male bulb. 
 
 BuLBUS Vomito'rius. a plant, said by Dios- 
 corides to be emetic and diuretic. It is the 
 Musk-grape flower, according to Bay, — the Hya- 
 cinthus Mnscari. 
 
 BULESIS, Voluntas. 
 
 BULGA, Vulva. 
 
 BULIMIA, Boulimia. 
 
 BU'LITHOS, from jSou?, 'an ox,' and XiSoy, 
 * a stone.' A bezoar or stone, found in the kid- 
 neys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of an ox 
 or cow. 
 
 BULLA, (F.) Bulle. A Bleb. A portion of 
 the cuticle, detached from the skin by the inter- 
 position of a transparent, watery fluid. It forms 
 the 4th order in Willan's and Bateman's arrange- 
 ment of cutaneous diseases, and includes erysi- 
 pelas, pemphigus, and pompholyx. By some, 
 Bulla has been used synonymously with Pem- 
 phigus. See, also. Hydatid. 
 
 BULLACE PLUM, Prunus invitia. 
 
 BULL^ ROTUNDiE CERVICIS UTERI, 
 Nabothi glandulas. 
 
 BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdon. 
 
 BUMELLIA, Fraxinus excelsior. 
 
 BUNA, ColFea Arabica. 
 
 BUNDURH, Corylus avellana. 
 
 BUNIAS, Brassica napus. 
 
 BU'NIOID, BuuioVdes, Na'piform; from /3ou- 
 vMv, ' a turnip,' and ei&os, ' resemblance.' An 
 epithet for a form of cancer, bearing some resem- 
 blance to a turnip. 
 
 BUNION, Bunyon. 
 
 BUNI'TES VINUM. A wine, made by in- 
 fusing the Bunium in must. It is stomachic, but 
 scarcely ever used. 
 
 BUNIUM, Carvi, Carum. 
 
 Bu'nium Bulbocas'tanum, fiovviov, so 
 called, it has been supposed, from growing on 
 hills, from fiovvos, 'a hill,' Balanocas'tunum, 
 Bu'nium minus, Sium bulbocastanum, Scandex 
 bulhocastannm, Carum bulbocastanum. The sys- 
 tematic name of a plant, whose root is called 
 Pig-nut, Agriocas'tanum, Nu'cula terres'tris, Bul- 
 hocas'tanum majus et minus, Earth-nut, Hawk- 
 nut, Kipiiier-nut, (F.) Terre-noix. The root is 
 tuberous, and is eaten raw or roasted. It has 
 been supposed to be of use in strangury. It is 
 not employed in medicine. 
 
 BUNNIAN, Bunyon. 
 
 BUN'YON, Bun'ion, Bnn'nian, from ^owos, 
 'an eminence.' (? ) An enlargement and in- 
 flammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside of 
 the ball of the great toe. 
 
 BUOPHTHALMIA, Buphthalmia. 
 
 BUPEINA, Boulimia. 
 
 EUPHTHALMI HERBA, Anthemis tinctoria. 
 
 BUPHTHAL'MIA, Buophthal'mia, Buphthal'- 
 uos. Elephant om' ma, from )3ouf, ' an ox,' and o0- 
 &a\iios, 'an eye.' Ox-eye. Under this name, 
 the generality of authors have designated the 
 first stage of nyarophthahnia. Others, with Sa- 
 batxer, mi^an, by it, turgescence of the vitreous 
 
 humour, which, by pushing the iris forwa/rfs, 
 forms around the crystalline a sort of border 
 
 BUPHTHALMUM CRETICUM, Anthemis 
 Pyrethrum — b. Majus, Chrysanthemum leucan- 
 themum. 
 
 ' BUPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia, Semper- 
 vivum tectorum. 
 
 BUPINA, Boulimia. 
 
 BUPLEUROIDES, Bupleurum rotundlfolium. 
 
 BUPLEU'RUM ROTUNDIFO'LIUM, Bu- 
 plexi'ron, BupleuroV des, from /3o}), augmentative, 
 and TrAtupov, 'side,' (F.) Buplevre, Percefeuille, 
 Bound-leaved Hare's Ear, Thorowwax. The herb 
 and seeds are slightly aromatic. It was formerly 
 celebrated for curing ruptures, being made into 
 a cataplasm with wine and oatmeaL 
 
 BUPLEVBE, Bupleurum rotundlfolium. 
 
 B U R A 0. Borax. Also, any kind of salt. 
 (Arabic.) 
 
 BURDOCK, Arctium lappa — b. Lesser, Xan- 
 thium — b. Prairie, Silphium terebinthaceum. 
 
 BURIAL ALIVE, Zoothapsis. 
 
 B U R I S, Hernia, accompanied by scirrhous 
 tumefaction ; or, perhaps, a scirrhous: tumour 
 only. — Avicenna. 
 
 BURN. Sax. bepnan or byrnan, 'to burn or 
 bren.' Us' tic, Ambus'tio, Adus'tio, Tresis Oausis, 
 Erythe'ma Ambus'tio, Causis, Encau'sis, Pyri- 
 caits'tum, Combustu'ra, Catacau'ma, Combvs'tio, 
 (F.) Brtilure. An injury produced by the action 
 of too great heat on the body. Burns are of 
 greater or less extent, from the simple irritation 
 of the integument to the complete destruction of 
 the part. The consequences are more or less 
 severe, according to the extent of injury, and the 
 part affected. Burns of the abdomen, when ap- 
 parently doing well, are sometimes followed by 
 fatal results. Their treatment varies, — at times, 
 the antiphlogistic being required ; at others, one 
 more stimulating. 
 
 BURNEA, see Finns Sylvestris. 
 
 BURNET, CANADA, Sanguisorba Cana- 
 densis. 
 
 BURNETT'S DISINFECTING LIQUID. A 
 solution of chloride of zinc, first used by Sir 
 William Burnett for preserving timber, canvass, 
 &c., from dry rot, mildew, Ac., and afterwards 
 as an antibromic and antiseptic, especially in the 
 case of dead bodies. 
 
 BURNING, Brenning. A disease mentioned 
 by old historians, from which authors have un- 
 successfully endeavoured to demonstrate the an- 
 tiquity of syphilis. — Parr. 
 
 BURNING OF THE FEET, see Feet, burn- 
 ing of the. 
 
 BURNT HOLES. A variety of rupia, popu- 
 larly known in Ireland under this name; and not 
 unfrequent there amongst the ill-fed children of 
 the poor. 
 
 BUR-REED, GREAT, Sparganium ramosum. 
 
 BURRHI SPIR'ITUS MATRICA'LIS. The 
 Spirit of Burrhus for diseases of the Womb. It 
 is prepared by digesting, in alcohol, equal parts 
 of myrrh, oliba.num, and mastic. Boerhaave fre- 
 quently prescribed it. 
 
 BURSA CORDIS, Pericardium — b. Pastoris, 
 Thlaspi bursa — b. Testium, Scrotum — b. Virilis, 
 Scrotum. 
 
 BURSiE MUCO'S^, Bursa mnco'sa vesicu- 
 la'res, Bursa seu Cap'sulas synovia'les, Blenno- 
 cys'tides, Sacci muco'ei, Vesi'ca unguino'scB ten'- 
 dinum, Vagi'ncB Synovia'les, Synovial Crypts or 
 Follicles, (F.) Bourses Synoviales. Small mem- 
 branous sacs, situate about the joints, particularly 
 about the large ones of the upper and lower ex- 
 tremities, and, for the most part, lying under tho 
 tendons. They are naturally filled with an oily 
 kind of fluid, the use of which is to lubricate sur- 
 
BURSAL 
 
 153 
 
 BYTHOS 
 
 faces over which the tendons play. In conse- 
 quence of bruises or sprains, this fluid sometimes 
 collects to a great extent. The bursis are, gene- 
 rally, either of a roundish or oval form, and they 
 have been arranged under two classes, the sphe- 
 rical and the vaginal. 
 
 BuRS.E Synoviales, Bursae mucosEe. 
 
 BTJKSAL, Bursa'lis. Relating or appertain- 
 ing to burste, — as a ' bursal tumour.' 
 
 BURSALIS, Obturator internus. 
 
 BURSERA ACUMINATA, B. gummifera. 
 
 Burse'ra Gummif'era, £. acwnina'ta, Tere- 
 binth' us gummifera, Jamaica Bark Tree. A resin 
 exudes from this tree, which, as met with in the 
 shops, is solid externally ; softish internally ; of 
 a vitreous fracture; transparent; of a pale yellow 
 colour; turpentine smell, and sweet, perfumed 
 taste. It has been used like balsams and tur- 
 pentines in general, and is called, by the French, 
 Gaehibou, Chibou, and Resine de Gomart. 
 
 BURST, Hernia, Hernial. 
 
 BURSTER, see Hernial. 
 
 BURSULA, Scrotum. 
 
 BURTHISTLE, Xanthium. 
 
 BURWEED, Xanthium. 
 
 BURWORT, Ranunculus acris. 
 
 BUSSANG, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bus- 
 Bang is a village in the department of Vosges, 
 France. The waters are acidulous chalybeates. 
 
 BUSSEEOLLE, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 BUS'SII SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, Be- 
 Boar'dic Spirit of Bussius. A preparation, re- 
 garded as sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmodic; 
 obtained by distilling subcarbonate and muriate 
 of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or juniper, &g. 
 
 BUTE, ISLAND OF, CLIMATE OF. This 
 island is in the Frith of Clyde, about 18 miles 
 below Greenock. The climate is mild and equa- 
 ble, but rather moist; and, as a winter residence, 
 it holds out advantages for those only that ap- 
 pear to demand such a condition of the atmo- 
 sphere. The climate resembles, in character, 
 that of the S. W. of England and France, and 
 the Channel islands ; although its temperature is 
 lower. 
 
 BU'TEA FRONDO'SA, Erythri'na monosper'- 
 tna, Riidolph'ia f rondo' sa, see Kino. A tree, 
 common in Bengal, and in the mountainous parts 
 of India ; Nat, Ord. Leguminosse ; from which 
 gum hutea flows. Dr. Pereira found this gum to 
 be identical with a specimen marked gumini ru- 
 brum astringens — the gomme astringente de Gani- 
 bie of M. Guibourt. By some, this gum has been 
 confounded with kino. 
 
 BUTIGA, Gutta rosea. 
 
 BUTOMON, Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 BUTTER, from fiovrvpov; itself from jffou?, 'ox,' 
 and Tvgos, 'any thing coagulated.' Buty'rum, 
 Pice'rion, (F.) Beurre. A sort of concrete oil, 
 obtained from the cream that forms on the sur- 
 face of the milk furnished by the females of the 
 mammalia; especially by the cow and the goat. 
 Fresh butter is very nutritious, whilst the rancid 
 Ls irritating. The ancient chemists gave the 
 name Butter to many of the metallic chlorides. 
 It has also been applied to vegetable substances, 
 which resemble, in some respects, the butter ob- 
 tained from milk. 
 
 Butter of Bambouc or Bambuc, (F.) Beurre 
 de Bambouc ou Bambuk, A vegetable oil ob- 
 
 tained from a species of almond, and used in 
 Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains. 
 
 Butter of Ca'cao, Oil of Ca'eao, Oleum Ca- 
 cao spiasa'tum, 0. Theobro'mcB Cacao expres'sum, 
 (F.) Beurre de Cacao, Huile de Cacao. A fat 
 substance, of a sweet and agreeable taste, ob- 
 tained from the Theobroma cacao, or chocolate 
 nut. 
 
 Butter of Cocoa, (F.) Buerre de Coco. A 
 fattj', concrete substance, which separates from 
 the milk of the cocoa nut. It is sweet and 
 agreeable. 
 
 BUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites. 
 
 BUTTERCUPS, Ranunculus acris. 
 
 BUTTERFLY-WEED, Asclepias tuberosa. 
 
 BUTTERMILK, (F.) Babeurre, Lait de 
 Beurre. The thin, sour milk, separated from the 
 cream by churning. It contains caseum and a 
 little butter. It is a refreshing drink when 
 newly made. 
 
 BUTTERWORT, Pinguicola vulgaris. 
 
 BUTTOCK-HUMP, Steatopyga. 
 
 BUTTONBUSH, Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
 
 BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus occi- 
 dentalis. 
 
 BUTUA, Pareira brava. 
 
 BUTYRUM, Butter — b. Amygdalarum dul- 
 cium. Confection (almond) — b. Saturni, Unguen- 
 tum plumbi superacetatis — b. Zinci, Zinci chlo- 
 ridum. 
 
 BUVEUR, Rectus internus oculi. 
 
 BUXTON, MINERAL WATERS OF, Bux- 
 tonien'ses AqucB. Buxton is a village in JDerby- 
 shLre. The springs are thermal, and about 82° 
 Fahrenheit. They contain sulphate of soda, 
 chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, chloride 
 of magnesium, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid, 
 and azote. They are used in cases in which 
 thermal springs, in general, are recommended. 
 They contain little or no mineral impregnation. 
 
 BUXUS, Buxus semjyervi'rens. The Box-tree, 
 (F.) Buis ou Bouis. The leaves are bitter and 
 aromatic, and, as such, have been used in medi- 
 cine, in cases of worms, dyspepsia, &c., in the 
 form of decoction. They are sometimes, also, 
 added to beer. The seed was arwjiently called 
 Carthe'gon. 
 
 BYN'E, Malt. 
 
 BY'RETHRUM. A sort of cap or Couvrechcf, 
 filled with cephalic substances. — Forestus. 
 
 BYRSA, Pv^aa. A leather skin to spread 
 plasters upon. 
 
 BYRSODEP'SICON. A tan stuff, with which 
 C^Lius Aurelianus sprinkled wool, which he 
 applied in certain cases to the umbilical region : 
 from ^vpaa, 'leather,' and Sexpco), 'I tan.' 
 
 BYRSODSPSICUM PRINCIPIUM, Tannin. 
 
 BYSAU'CHEN, from jSdw, 'I stop up,' and 
 av^iv, ' the neck.' A morbid stiffness of the 
 neck. One with a short neck, — Simotraehe'lus. 
 
 BYSSOS, Vulva. 
 
 BYSSUS, Byssuni. The ancients gave this 
 name to several vegetable substances, which were 
 used for the fabrication of stuffs prized for their 
 fineness, colour, and rarity of material. It is 
 now chiefly applied to the filaments, by the aid 
 of which the acephalous moUusca attach their 
 shells to the rocks. Byssus was formerly j^fo 
 applied to the female pudendum. 
 
 BYTHOS, jiv^o;, ' depth.' An epithet used Vf 
 Hippocrates for the fundus of the stomach. 
 
CAA-APIA 
 
 154 
 
 CACHLEX 
 
 c. 
 
 C. This letter in the chemical alphabet sig- 
 nifies nitre. It is also sometimes used in pre- 
 scriptions for calx. 
 
 CAA-AP'IA, Dorete'nia BraziHen'ais sen cor- 
 difo'Ua sen placentoV des sou vitel'la. The root, 
 according to Piso, is employed as emetic and 
 anti-diarrhoeic. 
 
 CAA-ATAY'A. A plant of Brazil, supposed 
 to be a species of gratiola. It is very bitter, 
 and considered to be one of the best indigenous 
 cathartics. 
 
 CAACICA, Euphorbia capitata. 
 
 CAA-GHIYU'YO, FrtUex bac'cifer BraziUen'- 
 sis. A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in powder, 
 are considered detersive. 
 
 CAAOPIA, Hypericum bacciferum. 
 
 CAAPEBA, Pareira brava. 
 
 CAAPONGA, Crithmum maritimum. 
 
 CAAROBA. A Brazilian tree, whose leaves, 
 in decoction, promote perspiration. See Cera- 
 tonia. 
 
 CABAL, Cah'ala, Cahal'la, Cal'bala, Caba'h'a, 
 Kah'ala, (roSalla. This word is from the He- 
 brew, and signifies knowledge transmitted by 
 tradition. Paracelsus and several authors of the 
 16th and 17th centuries have spoken much of 
 this species of magic, which they distinguished 
 into Judaic or theoloc/ian, and Hermetic or medi- 
 cinal ; the latter being, according to them, the 
 art of knowing the most occult properties of 
 bodies by an immediate communication with 
 spirits, — the knowledge being thus acquired by 
 inspiration, and incapable of inducing error. It 
 was also called Ai-s cahalis'tiea, ' cabalistic art.' 
 
 CABAL'HAU. A plant of Mexico, according 
 to Dalechamps, which passes for an antidote to 
 white hellebore, and yet is used for poisoning 
 4,rrows. It is unknown to botanists. 
 
 CAB'ALIST, Cahalia'ta. One instructed in 
 5he Cabal. 
 
 CABALLATION, Cynoglossum. 
 
 CABARET, Asarum. 
 
 CABBAGE, Brassica — c. Cow, Nymphsea odo- 
 rata — c. Irish, Dracontium foetidum — c. Skunk, 
 Dracontium foetidum — c. Swamp, Dracontium 
 foetidum — c. Water, Nymphsea odorata — c. Tree, 
 Geoffraea inermis — c. Bark tree, Geolfraeainermis. 
 
 CABBAGIUM, Geoffraea inermis. 
 
 CABUREIBA, Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 CABUREICIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 CAC^'MIA, Gachm'mia, from Kaxog, ' bad,' 
 and 'aifjia, 'blood.' A faulty or morbid condition 
 of the blood. 
 
 CAC^STHE'SIS, CaeacBSthe'sis, Cacoasfhe'- 
 eis, from Kaico;, 'bad,' and aitrdrjcrtg, 'feeling.' 
 Morbid sensation. Morbid general feeling. In- 
 disposition. 
 
 CACAFERRI. Ferri subcarbonas. 
 
 CAC'AGOGUE, Cacago'giis, from kokkv, 'ex- 
 crement,' and ayciv, 'to expel.' An ointment, 
 composed of alum and honey ; which, when ap- 
 ])lied to the anus, produced an evacuation. — 
 Paulus of J3gina. 
 
 CACALEXITERIA, Alexiteria. 
 
 CACA'LIA ANTEUPHOR'BIUM, Anten- 
 pflor'bium. A plant, which Dodoens and others 
 considered to be capable of tempering the caustic 
 propertifed of euphorbium. It is also called 
 Klein'ia. 
 
 Many varieties of the Cacalia are used, in dif- 
 ferent countries, chiefly as condiments. 
 
 CA'CAO, Ca'coa, Caca'vi, Qnahoil, Cacnva'ta. 
 The co«oa or chocolate nut; fruit of Theobro'ma 
 
 Cacao, Co'coa Caeavif era, Ca'cac minor seu 
 saii'va, Cacao theobro'ma ; Family, Malvacea^. 
 Sex. Si/st. Polydelphia Pentandria. 
 
 CACATION, Defecation. 
 
 CACATORIA, Diarrhoea. 
 
 CAC'ATORY, Cacato'rius, from cacare, 'to go 
 to stool.' Febris cacato'ria ; a kind of intermit- 
 tent fever, accompanied by copious alvine evacua- 
 tions. — Sylvius. 
 
 CACAVATA, Cacao. 
 
 CACAVI, Cacao, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CACCE, Excrement. 
 
 CACCION'DE. A sort of pill, chiefly formed 
 of catechu, recomm.endedby Bagliviin dysentery. 
 
 CACEPHEBOTE'SIA, from kuko;, 'bad,' and 
 eipe(iorrii, ' puberty.' Morbid puberty. Disease 
 occurring at the period of puberty. 
 
 C ACH AN G-P ARANG. A sort of bean of Su- 
 matra, mentioned by Marsden, whose seeds are 
 given in pleurisy. Jussieu considers it to be the 
 Mimo'sa. scandens. 
 
 CACHECTIC, Cachec'tea, Cachec'ticiw, same 
 etymon as Cachexia. One attacked with ca- 
 chexia. Belonging to cachexia. Cachec'tica 
 remed'ia are remedies against cachexia. 
 
 CACHEN-LAGUEN, Chironia Chilensis. 
 
 CACHEX'IA, froin KaKog, 'bad,' and 'efjj, 
 'habit.' Status cachec'ticua, Cachexy, Dysthe'ais, 
 (F.) Cachexie. A condition in which the body 
 is evidently depraved. A bad habit of body, 
 chiefly the result of scorbutic, cancerous, or ve- 
 nereal diseases when in their last stage. Hence 
 we hear of a Scorbutic Cachexia, Cancerona Ca- 
 chexia, &c. Sauvages and CuUen have included 
 under this head a number of diseases— consump- 
 tions, dropsies, &c. Cachexia has been some- 
 times confounded with diathesis. Cachexia Ic- 
 ter'ica is jaundice or icterus itself, or a disposition 
 thereto. Fluor albus is sometimes called Ca- 
 chexia Uterina. 
 
 Cachexia Africana, Chthonophagia — c. Cal- 
 culosa, Lithia — c. Cancerous, see Cancer — e. 
 Chlorotic, Chlorosis — c. Dysthetica, Dyscrasia — 
 c. Icterica, Icterus — c. Lymphatica farciminosa, 
 see Equinia. 
 
 Cachexia Londinen'sis. The paleness and 
 other evidences of impaired health presented by 
 the inhabitants of London. A similar cachexia is 
 seen in those of other crowded cities. 
 
 Cachexia, Marsh, (F.) Cachexie pahtdeenne. 
 The state of cachexy observed in malarious dis- 
 tricts. 
 
 Cachexia Saturnine, Saturnismus. 
 
 Cachexia, Scorbutic, see Purpura — c. Scro- 
 phulosa. Scrofula. 
 
 Cachexia Sple'nica. The state of scorbutic 
 cachexia, which often accompanies diseases, es- 
 pecially enlargement of the spleen, Splenal'gia 
 Benc/alen'aia, in India. 
 
 Cachexia Venerea, Sj'philis — c. Venous, Ve- 
 nosity — c. Virginum, Chlorosis. 
 
 CACHEXIE, Cachexia — c. Paludeenne, Cjt- 
 chexia, marsh. 
 
 CACHEXY, Cachexia. 
 
 CACHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera. 
 
 CACHINLAGUA, Chironia chilensis. 
 
 CACHINNA'TIO, from cachinno, 'I laugh 
 aloud.' A tendency to immoderate laughter, as 
 in some hysterical and maniacal afi"ections. 
 
 CACHIRI. A fermented liquor made, in Cay- 
 enne, from a decoction of the rasped root of the 
 manioc. It resembles perry. 
 
 CACHLEX. A small stone or pebble, found 
 
CAOHOS 
 
 155 
 
 CADAVEKOUS 
 
 on the sea shore. One of these, -when heated in 
 the fire, and cooled in whey, communicates an 
 astringency to the liquid, so that it was anciently 
 esteemed to be useful in dysentery. — Galen. 
 
 CACHOS. An oriental fruit, apparently of a 
 Solanum, which is esteemed lithontriptic. 
 
 CAGHOU, Catechu. 
 
 CACIIRYS LIBANO'TIS. An umbelliferous 
 plant which gi-ows in Africa and the South of 
 Europe. It is aromatic and astringent. Its seeds 
 ai'e extremely acrid. 
 
 Cachrys M.VRiTiJfA, Crithmum maritimum. 
 
 CACHUN'DE. An Indian troch or pastile 
 composed of amber, mastic, musk, cinnamon, 
 allies, rhubarb, galanga, petu-ls, i-ubies, emeralds, 
 garnets, &c. It is regarded by the people of In- 
 dia as an antidote, stomachic and antispasmodic. 
 
 CACO, KUKo, properly only au abbreviation of 
 KUKoq. In composition it means something de- 
 fective ; as in the following words. 
 
 CACO^STHESIS, CacKsthesis. 
 
 CACO-ALEXITERIA, Alexipharmic. 
 
 CACOCHO'LIA, from KaKoq, 'bad,' and x°^^> 
 ' bUe.' Diseases induced by a depraved condition 
 of the bile. 
 
 CACOCHROI, Cac'ochri, from Kaxo;, 'bad,' 
 and XP'"^> ' colour.' Diseases in which the com- 
 plexion is morbidly changed in colour. 
 
 CACOCHYL'IA, from /caxof, 'bad,' and ;^uXoy, 
 'chyle.' Depraved chylification. 
 
 CACOCHYM'IA, Kalcochym'ia, Om-mp'tw 
 Hunio'rum, from kokoj, ' bad,' and ;^!'//oy, 'juice,' 
 'humour.' Cacoch'ymy. Depravation of the 
 humours. 
 
 Cacochymia PLrJiBEA, Lead poisoning — c. 
 Scorbutica, see Puj'pura — c. Scrophulosa, Scro- 
 fula — c. Venerea, Syphilis. 
 
 CACOCH'YMUS, Oacochym'icus. One attacked 
 with cacochymia. Belonging to cacochymia. 
 
 CACOCNE'MUS, Cacocne'micus, Malis suria 
 prcBcli'tm / from kuko;, 'bad,' and kvyijiti, 'the 
 leg.' One who has bad legs. 
 
 CACOCORE'MA, from KaKo?, 'bad,' and Koptw, 
 'I purge, or cleanse.' A medicine which purges 
 off the vitiated humours. 
 
 CACOD^'MON, from kuko;, 'bad,' and Saifitav, 
 ' a spirit.' An evil spirit, to which were ascinbed 
 many disorders. The nightmare. 
 
 CACO'DES, from KUKog, 'bad,' and o^eiv, 'to 
 smell,' — male olens. Having a bad smell; Caco'- 
 dia, Gacos'mia. 
 
 CACODIA, see Cacodes. 
 
 CACOETHES, Cacoeth'iova, from KaKog, 'bad,' 
 and eSoy, 'disposition, habit,' &c. Of a bad or 
 vitiated character, as nlcus caeoe'thea, an ulcer 
 of a malignant character. 
 
 CACOETHICUS, Caeoethes. 
 
 CACOGALAC'TIA, Gacoga'lia, from KaKoq, 
 'bad,' and yaXa, gen. yaAoxroy, 'milk.' A bad 
 condition of the milk. 
 
 CACOGALAC'TICA, same etymon as the last. 
 One who suffers from a bad condition of the mUk. 
 
 CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia. 
 
 CACOGEN'ESIS, from kuko;, 'bad,' and ytvs- 
 aii, 'generation.' A morbid formation. 
 
 GACOMORPHIA, Deformation. 
 
 CACOMORPHOSIS, Deformation. 
 
 CACOPATHrA, Paa'sio Mala, from Kaxog, 
 ' bad,' and iraSos, ' affection.' A distressed state 
 of mind. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CACOPHO'NIA, from KaKog, 'bad,' and 0a)v»7, 
 ' voice,' vitia'ta vox. A dissonant condition of 
 voice. 
 
 CACOPLAS'TIC, Cacoplaa'ticm, Bysplaamat'- 
 ic ; from koko?, ' bad,' and TrAao-o-dj, ' I form.' Sus- 
 ceptible of only a low degree of organization, as 
 the indurations resulting from low or chronic 
 iaflammation, fibro-cartilagCj cirrhosis, &c. 
 
 CACOPRA'GIA, Cacoprax in. from itmcn, 
 'bad,' and Trparru), 'I perform.' Depraved con- 
 dition of the organic functions. 
 
 CACOPRAXIS, Cacopragia. 
 
 CACORRHACIII'TIS, from naKog, 'bad,' and 
 pa^ti, 'the spine.' Cacor'rhacliis, CacorhacMs, 
 Gdcorhaclii'tia, Spondylal' cjia. Deformity of the 
 spine. Disease of the spine. Spontaneous luxa- 
 tion of the vertebrse and ribs dependent upon 
 internal causes. 
 
 CACORRHYTH'MUS, Arrhyth'mus, from Ka-- 
 Kog, 'bad,' and pvS/ios, 'rhythm,' 'order.' Irre- 
 gTilar. 
 
 CACO'SIS. 3Ma diKposit"io, (F.) Vice. A 
 bad condition of body. — Hippocrates. A diseased 
 condition in general. 
 
 CACOSIT'lA, from KaKo;, 'bad,' and aniov, 
 'aliment.' Disgust or aversion for food — Fas. 
 tid'iim ciho'riim. 
 
 CACOSMIA, see Cacodes. 
 
 CACOSOMI'UM, from xaKog, 'bad,' and ouiyia, 
 ' the body.' An hospital for leprosy, and incura- 
 ble affections in general. 
 
 CACOSPERMA'SIA, Gacosperma' tia, Cacos- 
 per'mia, from KaKog, 'bad,' and crrcp/ia, 'sperm.' 
 A bad condition of the sperm. 
 
 CACOSPHYX'IA, from icaKog, 'bad,' and • 
 (T0ufi;, 'pulse.' — Vitio'aua p>ul'8us. Bad state of 
 pulse. — Galen. 
 
 CACOSPLANCH'NIA, from xoKog, 'bad,' and 
 airXayxyov, ' a viscus.' Indigestion. The ema- 
 ciation dependent upon imperfect digestion. — 
 Siebenhaar. 
 
 CACOSTOM'ACHUS, from ra/coy, 'bad,' and 
 oTo/iaY"?, ' the stomach.' What disagrees with 
 the stomach. Indigestible. — Gorrseus. 
 _ CACOSTOMATOSPHRESIA, Breath, offen- 
 sive. 
 
 CACOS'TOMUS, from xaxog, 'bad,' and cToiia, 
 'a mouth.' Having a bad mouth. 
 
 CACOTHYM'IA, Vit'ium Ait'imi, from KUKog, 
 ' bad,' and Svfios, ' mind,' ' disposition.' A vitioua 
 state of mind. — Linden. 
 
 CACOTRIBULUS, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 
 CACOTRICH'IA, from KaKog, 'bad,' and %i|, 
 Tpixo;, 'hair.' Disease of the hair. 
 
 CACOTROPH'IA, from KaKog, 'bad,' and rpot}:^,. 
 'nutrition.' — Vitio'aa nutrit"io ; — disordered nu- 
 trition. — Galen. 
 
 OAGOU, Cagot, Catechu. 
 
 CACOU'CIA COCCIN'EA, Couchi'ea, Ooc 
 cin'ea, Schouaha'a cocoin'ea, Tikimma. A peren- 
 nial twining shrub of South America, the plant 
 of which, as well as the fruit, is possessed of 
 emeto-cathartic properties. 
 
 CAGTIER, Cactus opuntia. 
 
 CACTUS OPUN'TIA, Opun'Ma. The Indian 
 Fig, (F.) Gactier, Raquette, Figuier d'Inde. This 
 plant grows in South America, Spain, Italy, <tc 
 Its fruit, which has the shape of the fig, is of a 
 sweetish taste, and colours the urine red when 
 eaten. Its leaves are considered refrigerant. 
 
 The fruits of different species of cactus are 
 called Tunaa, 
 
 CADA'BA, Stroe'm,ia. A genus of the family 
 GappaHdecB, natives of India and Arabia. The 
 young shoots of the Gada'ha farino' aa are consi- 
 dered to be an antidote against venomous bites. 
 
 CADA'VER, Ptoma, Necron. A dead body ; 
 a, aubject ; a carcass, (F.) Gadavre. The word 
 has been supposed to come from cado, ' I fall : 
 and by some to be a contraction from caro da*a 
 vermtbus, 'flesh given to the worms.' (?) 
 
 CADAVEROUS, Cadav'erie, Gadavero'sfis, 
 Neero'des, (F.) Gadavireux. Belonging to the 
 dead body ; as cadaverous smell. The Gadav. 
 erous or Hippocrat'ic face (see Face,) is ah ut- 
 
CADDY INSECT 
 
 156 
 
 caf£ 
 
 favouraMe sigu in disease, and generally denotes 
 a fatal termination. 
 
 Cadav'erous or Cadav'eric Hyperje'iiia. 
 Thie hypostatic hyperasmia observed in depend- 
 uig parts of the dead body. 
 
 CADDY INSECT, see Ectozoa. 
 
 CADE, Juniperus oxycedrus. 
 
 CADEJI-INDI, Malabathrum. 
 
 CADEL-AVANACU, Croton tiglium. 
 
 CAD I A. An Egyptian, leguminous plant. 
 The Arabs attribute to its fresh leaves the power 
 of relieving colic. 
 
 CADIVA INSANIA, Epilepsy. 
 
 CADMIA, Calamina, Tutia. 
 
 CADMI'I SULPHAS, Cadmi'itm suljihu'ricum, 
 Sulphas Cadmi'cus, Ileli'ni Stiljjhas, Klapro'thii 
 Sulphas, Klapro'thium Sidjihu'ricum, Melinum 
 Siilphu'ricum, Sulphate of Gadmium. Used in 
 spots on the cornea, and in chronic torpid inflam- 
 mation of the conjunctiva, in the quantity of half 
 a grain to a grain to the ounce of water. 
 
 CADMIUM SULPHURICUM, Cadmii Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 CADTCHU, Catechu. 
 
 CADUCA HUNTERI, Decidua — c. Passio. 
 Epilepsy. 
 
 CADU'CITY, Imbecil'litae, BeUl'itas, Cadu'- 
 eitas, from cadere, 'to fall.' The French use the 
 word Caducite for the portion of human life which 
 is comprised generally between 70 and 80 years. 
 The age which precedes decrepitude. It is so 
 termed in consequence of the limbs not usually 
 possessing sufiBcient strength to support the body. 
 The precise age must of course vary in indi- 
 viduals. 
 
 CADUQUE, Decidua membrana — e. Rejl&chie, 
 see Decidua membrana — c. Vraie, Decidua mem- 
 brana. 
 
 CADURCUS, Vulva. 
 
 CADUS, Ka&oi. A Greek measure equal to ten 
 gallons English. — Pliny. Amphora. 
 
 CiECA, FORAM'INA (ANTERIUS ET POS- 
 TERIUS) are situate at the fore and back parts 
 of the tuber annulare of the brain, and at the 
 extremities of the depression made by the verte- 
 bral artery. The former is placed between the 
 nerves of the third ; and the latter between those 
 of the sixth pair. 
 
 CMCM H^MORRHOi'DES, Blind Piles, 
 (F.) Hemorrhoides aveugles, are those unaccom- 
 panied by any discharge. 
 
 C^CAL, CcBca'lis. Belonging to the caecum, 
 from ccBcus, ' blind, hidden.' The Cceoal arteries 
 and veins are the branches of the Arteries et vencB 
 coliccB dextrcB inferiores, distributed to the caecum. 
 
 CiECATRIX, Cicatrix. 
 
 CJS'CITAS, Gce'citas, Cacitu'do, Ahlep'sia, 
 ObcdBca'tio, OccoBca'tio, Anap.'sia, Ty'phlotes, 
 Typhlo'sis, Blindness, (F.) Aveuglement, Cecite, 
 Perte de la vue. Cfficitas may be dependent upon 
 many different diseases, — as upon amai^rosis, 
 specks, hypopyon, cataract, glaucoma, ophthal- 
 mia, atrophy of the eye, &o. 
 
 C^ciTAS Crepuscularis, Hemeralopia — c. 
 Diurna, Nyctalopia — c. Nocturna, Hemeralopia. 
 CiECITUDO, Csecitas. 
 
 CJBCUM, Oacum, Intesti'num cmcum, Monom'- 
 achon, Ifonom' acum, Monoco'lon, Monocu'him,, 
 Typhlo'teron monoco'lon, Typhlot' emm, Typhlo- 
 en'terum, Init"itcm intesti'ni crassi, Saccus Intes- 
 tiiii crassi seu Goli, Ctncum Gaput coli, Caput coli, 
 Prima cella coli, InWium extu'berans coli, from 
 emeus, 'blind.' The Blind Gut, so called from 
 its being perforated at one end only. That por- 
 tion of the intestinal canal which is seated be- 
 tween the termination of the ileum and com- 
 mencement of the colon; and which fills, almost 
 wholly, the rigiit iliae fossa; where the perito- 
 
 neum retains it immovably. Its length is about 
 three or four fingers' breadth. The Meo-ceecal 
 valve or Valve of Bauhin shuts off all communi- 
 cation between it and the ileum ; and the Appen- 
 dix vermiformis cmci is attached to it. 
 
 C^cuM Fora'men of the frontal bone is a small 
 cavity at the inferior extremity of the internal 
 coronal crest or crista. — Fronto-ethmoidal fora- 
 men, (F.) Trou aveugle ou horgne. Morgagni has 
 given the same name to the small cavity in the 
 middle of the upper surface of the tongue, near 
 its base ; the sides of which are furnished with 
 mucous follicles — Lacune de la langue — (Ch.) 
 
 C^cuM, Phlegmonous Tumour of the, Ty- 
 phlo-enteritis. 
 
 C^CUS. 'Blind.' One deprived of sight, 
 Typhlops, (F.) Aveugle, Borgne. In anatomy, it 
 is used to designate certain holes or cavities, 
 which end in a- cul-de-sac ; or have only one 
 opening. 
 
 Blind Ducts of the Ure'thra, (F.) Gonduita 
 aveugles de I'urethre, are the Mucous Lacu'nas 
 of the Ure'thra. 
 
 e^LA-DOLO, Torenia Asiatica. 
 
 CiEMENTUM, Lute. 
 
 CiERULEUM BEROLINENSE, Prussian 
 blue — c. Borussicum, Prussian blue. 
 
 C^RULOSIS NEONATORUM, Cyanopathy. 
 
 CiESALPI'NIA, GcBsalpi'nia sappan, Sappan 
 or Sampfen loood, (F.) Bresillet, Bois de Sapipan. 
 A small Siamese tree, the wood of which is used 
 in decoction, in cases of contv sion. 
 
 Brazil wood, Pernamhuco or Pernamhuco tcood, 
 formerly used as an astringent, is the wood of 
 CjESALpin'ia Echina'ta. This is the proper 
 Brazil wood ; but another variety in commerce is 
 the Brasiletto, from GcBsalpinia Brasiliensis, and 
 G. crista, which grow in the West Indies. 
 
 The Nicaragua or Peach-icood is analogous to 
 this, and is said to be derived from a species of 
 Ca3salpinia. 
 
 The kernel of C^salpin'ia Bonducell'a, the 
 seed of which is called in India Kuthideja and 
 Kutoo Kurunja, is given as a febrifuge tonic. 
 Dose, ten grains. 
 
 C^SA'REAN SECTION, GtBsa'rean opera'- 
 tion, Tomotoc'ia, Gasa'rea sectio, Partus ccBsa'- 
 reus, Opera' tio ccBsa'rea, Metrotom'ia, (F.) Ope- 
 ration Gesarienne, from cadere, 'to cut.' An 
 incision made through the parietes of the abdo- 
 men and uterus to extract the foetus. In this 
 manner, Julius Caesar is said to have been ex- 
 tracted. — Pliny, It is also called Hysterotom'ia, 
 Hysterotomotoc'ia, Gastrometrotom'ia, Gasterhys- 
 terot'omy, Gastrometrot'ome, Gastrohysterot'omy, 
 (F.) Operation Gesarienne. An incision has been 
 made into the uterus through the vagina, consti- 
 tuting the Vaginal Gcesarean Section, Gastrely- 
 trotom'ia, Gastrocolpotom'ia, Laparacolpototn'ia, 
 Laparoelytrotom'ia, (F.) Operation c&sarienne 
 vaginale. The Caesarean section may bo re- 
 quired when the mother dies before delivery ; — 
 when there is some invincible obstacle to delivery 
 from the faulty conformation of the pelvis; or 
 when the child has passed into the abdominal 
 cavity in consequence of rupture of the uterus. 
 
 CESARIES, Capillus. 
 
 C^SIUS, Glaucoma. 
 
 CiE'SONES, Ga'sares. Children brought into 
 the world by the Cassarean operation. 
 
 C^SU'LIu^. They who have gray eyes. 
 
 C^SURA, Cut. 
 
 C^TCHU, Catechu. 
 
 CAF, Camphor. 
 
 CAFAL, Agrimony. 
 
 CAFAR, Camphor. 
 
 CAFE, Coffea. 
 
CAFE 
 
 157 
 
 CALAMUS 
 
 CAFE A LA SULTANE. This name has 
 been given co an infusion or decoction of the 
 ground coques or pericarps which surround the 
 coffee. ^ 
 
 CAFE CITRIN. The aqueous infusion of 
 unroasted coffee, so called on account of its yel- 
 lowish tint. 
 
 CAFEYEB, Coffea Arabica. 
 CAFF A, Camphor. 
 CAFIER, Coffea Arabica. 
 CAFUR, Camphor. 
 
 CAGAS'TRUM. The principal or germ of 
 diseases which are communicable.— Paracelsus. 
 GAONEUX, Cagot. See Kyllosis. 
 CAGOSANGA, Ipecacuanha. 
 GAGOTS, (F.) A name given to deformed and 
 miserable beings, met with in the Pyrenees, Bern, 
 and Upper Gascouy, in France, where they are 
 also called Gapots. In other districts they are 
 called Gezits, Gezitains, Oretins, Gahets, Capons, 
 Coliberts, Gacotis, Gagneiix, <fcc. See Greti7i. The 
 word Gacjot is supposed to be an abbreviation of 
 Oam'a Gutlius, ' Dog of a Goth.' 
 CAGUE-SANGUB, Gaquesangue. 
 CAHIjSTC^ radix, Cainca3 radix. 
 CAI'EPUT OIL, Gafepat oil, Kyapvt'Uj, Ca- 
 jupu'ti O'leum. The volatile oil of the leaves of 
 Melaleu'ca Cajaini'ti, a native of the Moluccas. 
 The oil has a strong, fragrant smell, like cam- 
 phor ; taste pungent and aromatic. It is stimu- 
 lant, and useful where the essential oils in general 
 are employed. It has also been called Oil of 
 Witneben, from the person who first distilled it. 
 OAILLE, Tetrao coturnix. 
 CAILLEAU, Lantana. 
 GAILLE, Curds. 
 
 GAILLELAIT BLANC, Galium mollugo— c. 
 Vraie, Galium verum. 
 GAILLOT, Coagulum. 
 CAINAN^ RADIX, Caincte radix. 
 CAiN'C^ RADIX, Radix Chioeoc'ccB, R. 
 Caina'ncB seu Caninanm seu CaJiincce seu Ka- 
 hinccB ieuSerpenta'ricBBrazilien'sis, Gainca Root. 
 The bark of the roots of Chiococc'a anguif'uga, 
 Gh. densifo'lia, and, perhaps, Ch. racemo'sn, a 
 plant of the Family Rubiaoese. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tandria Monogynia, of Linnaeus. It is bitter, 
 tonic, and diuretic, but has not been long intro- 
 duced. Dose of the powder, from ^j to ^ss. 
 
 Dr. John H. Griscom, of New York, considers 
 there is a remarkable analogy between the Cain- 
 ca and the Apoeynum canna.hinum. 
 CAINITO, Chrysophyllum Cainito. 
 CAIPA SCHORA. A cucurbitaceous Malabar 
 plant, the fruit af which has a pyriform shape. 
 The juice is drunk in that country for the pur- 
 pose of arresting hiccough. The fruit, when 
 unripe, is emetic. 
 
 CAlSSE, Case — c. du Tambour, Tympanum. 
 CAITCHU, Catechu, 
 CAJAN, Phaseolus creticus. 
 CAJUPUTL Cajeput. 
 
 CAKES, AVORM, STORY'S. These were 
 composed of calomel and jacap, madt5 inco es^kes, 
 and coloured with cinnabar. 
 
 CALABASH TREE, NARROW-LEAVED, 
 Creseentia Cnjete. 
 
 CALADIUM ESCULENTUM, Aram eseu- 
 lentuni. 
 
 CALAF, Salix ^gyptiaca. A large-leaved 
 Egyptian willow, called, also. Ban. The dis- 
 tilled water of the flowers, called Macahalef, 
 passes, in that country, for an excellent ant- 
 aphrodisiac. It is also used as an antiloimic, 
 antiseptic, and cordial. 
 
 CALAGUALA, see Calagual^ radix. 
 CALAGERI, Vernonia anthelmintica. 
 CALAGIRAH, Vernonia anthelmintica. 
 
 CALAGUA'L^ RADIX, Calague'lai Radix. 
 The root of Polypo'dium Calagua'la seu adianti- 
 for'me seu coria'ceum seu ammifo'lium seu ar- 
 gen'tenm seu poVitum, Aspid'inm coria'ceum seu 
 ferrvgin'eum seu dis'color, Tecta'ria ealalniaJa 
 seu ferrugin'ea, Galaguala, GalaJmala. It has 
 been exhibited in Italy in dropsy, pleurisy, con- 
 tusions, abscesses, <fcc. Its properties are not, 
 however, clear. 
 
 CALAHUALA, see Calagualse radix. 
 CALAMANDRINA, Teucrium cham^drys. 
 CALAMBAC, Agallochum. 
 CALAMBOUK, Agallochum 
 CALAME'DON, from «aXa//oj, 'a reed.' Thia 
 word has had various significations. Some have 
 used it for an oblique fracture of a bone; the 
 fractured portions having the shape of the nib 
 of a pen. Others have used it for a longitudinal 
 fracture ; and others, again, for one that is com- 
 minuted. 
 
 CALAMI'NA, Gal' amine, from calamus, 'a 
 reed,' so called from its reed-like appearance. 
 Cadmi'a, Gathmir, Gadmi'a lapiido'sa aero'sa, 
 Cadmi'a Foa'silis, Lapis Aero'sus, Calim'ia, La- 
 pis Galami.Ha'ris, Calamina'ris, Gar'bonas Zirtei 
 iinpu'rus, (F.) Pierre calaminaire. Native im- 
 pure carbonate of zinc. Calamine is chiefly used 
 for pharmaceutical purposes in the form of the 
 Calamixa pr^para'ta, Lapis Calamina'ris pra- 
 piara'tus, Gar'bonas zinci impu'riis prapiara'tus, 
 Zinci car'bonas prtspiara'tus, Prepared Oalamine; 
 — Calamine reduced to an impalpable powder by 
 roasting and levigation. In this state it is 
 sprinkled or dusted on excoriated parts, or to 
 prevent excoriation, &c. 
 
 CALAMINARIS, Calamina. 
 CALAMINT, Melissa Calamintha — e. Field, 
 Melissa nepeta — c. Mountain, Melissa grandiflora 
 — c. Spotted, Melissa nepeta. 
 
 CALAMINTA HUMILIOR, Gleeoma hede- 
 racea. 
 
 CALAMINTHA, Melissa C— c. Angliea, Me- 
 lissa nepeta — c. Erecta Virginiana, Cunila Mari- 
 ana — c. Hederacea, Glechoma hederacea — c 
 Magno flore, Melissa grandiflora — c. Montana, 
 Melissa grandiflora — c. Nepeta, Melissa nepeta — 
 c. Parviflora, Melissa nepeta — e. Pulegii odore, 
 Melissa nepeta — c. Triehotoma, Melissa nepeta. 
 
 CAL'AMUS, /raAa//of, 'the reed.' In the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the U. S. the rhizoma of acorua 
 calamus. 
 
 Calamus Alexandri'nus. Celsus has thus 
 called a medicine, which was long confounded 
 with Calamus Aromnticus. It is not a root, 
 however, but the stalk of a plant of India and 
 Egypt, probably the Andropo'gon Nardus. It 
 entered into the theriaca, and has been regarded 
 as antihysteric and emmenagogue ; — Calamus 
 aromaticus verus. 
 
 Calamus Aromaticus, Acorus calamus — c 
 Aromaticus verus, Calamus Alexandriniis — c, 
 Draco, C. rotang — c. Indicus, see Saccharum — 
 c. Odoratus, Acorus calamus, Juncus odoratus. 
 
 Calamus Rotang, C. Draco. The systematic 
 name of a plant, whence Dragon's Blood-, San- 
 guis Draco'nia, Cinnab'uris Graco'rum, Dracon- 
 thcs'ma, (F.) Sang-Dragon, is procured. It i» 
 the red, resinous juice, obtained, in India, from 
 wounding the bark of the Calamus Rotang. It 
 has been used as an astringent in hemorrhages, 
 &c. I but is now rarely employed. 
 
 Calamus Scripto'rius, Anag'lyphe, 'a writing 
 pen,' (F.) Fossette angulaire du quatrieme ven- 
 tricule. A small, angular cavity, situate at the 
 superior extremity of the medulla, in the fourth 
 ventricle of the brain, which has been, by some 
 supposed to resemble a pen. 
 Calamus Vulgaris, Acorus calamus. 
 
CALAPPITE 
 
 153 
 
 CALCIS BICHL0RURETU3t 
 
 CALAPPITE. Rumphius has given this name 
 to calculous concretions, found in the interior of 
 certain cocoa nuts. The cocoa tree itself the Ma- 
 lays call Calappa. These stones are, likewise, 
 termed Vegetabls Bezoards. The Malays attri- 
 bute potent virtues to them, and wear them as 
 amulets. 
 
 CALASAYA, Cinehonse cordifolise cortex, 
 CALBALA, Cabal. 
 
 CALBIA'NUM. The name of a plaster in 
 Myrepsus, the composition of which we know 
 not. 
 
 CALCADINUM, Ferri sulphas. 
 GALCAIRE, Calcareous. 
 
 CALCA'NEAL, Calca'neua, from calx, 'the 
 heel.' Having relation to the calcaneum, as 
 ' calcaneal arteries.' 
 
 CALCANEO-PHALANGIEN DU PETIT 
 OETEIL, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — c. Pha- 
 lamiinien commun, Extensor brevis digitorum 
 pedis — c. SoHs-2}halangettien commun. Flexor 
 brevis digitorum pedis — c. Soue-Phalanginien 
 commun, Flexor brevis digitorum pedis — c. Soun- 
 2)halangien du petit orteil, see Abductor minimi 
 digiti pedis — c. Sus-phalangettien commun, Ex- 
 tensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
 
 CALCA'NEUM, from calx, 'the heel.' Calca'- 
 neus, Calcar, Cul'cia, lehnus, Os Calcis, Pterna, 
 Pter'nium. The largest of the tarsal bones : that 
 which forms the heel. It is situate at the poste- 
 rior and inferior part of the foot ; is articulated 
 above and a little anteriorly with the astragalus; 
 anteriorly, also, with the os euboides. Its poste- 
 rior surface, — called Heel, Talus, Calx, (F.) Ta- 
 lon, — gives attachment to the tendo-achillis : the 
 lower has, posteriorly, two tuberosities, to which 
 the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot are 
 attached. The small Apoph'ysis or lateral Apoph- 
 ysis of the Calca'nenm, (F.) Petit Apopiliyse ou 
 Apophyse laterale du Calcaneum, is a projection 
 at the upper surfa,ce of this bone, on which is 
 formed the posterior portion of the cavity that 
 receives the astragalus. The great Apioph'ysis, 
 anterior Ap>oph'ysis of the Calca'nenm, is the 
 projection which corresponds, on one side, with 
 the euboides ; and on the other forms the ante- 
 rior part of the facette which receives the astra- 
 galus. 
 
 CALCANTHON, Atramentum. 
 CALCAPl, Calcaneum, Ergot — c. Avis, Hippo- 
 campus minor. 
 
 CALCA'REOUS, Calca'reus, Calca'rius,- from 
 calx, 'lime.' (F.) Calcaire. Containing lime : — 
 as calcareous concretions, 0. depositions, &c. 
 CALCAREUS CARBONAS, Creta. 
 CALCARIA CHLORATA, Calcis chloridum 
 — c. Chlorica, Calcis chloridum — c. Phosphorica, 
 see Cornu cervi — c. Pura, Calx — c. Pura liquida, 
 Liquor calcis. 
 
 CALCARIA CHLORUM, Calcis chloridum. 
 CALCATOR, Ferri sulphas. 
 CALCATREPPOLA, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 CALCE'NA, CALCE'NON, CALCENO'NIA, 
 CALCIMO'NIA. AVords employed by Paracel- 
 sus to designate the concretions of tartrate of 
 lime which form in the human body. 
 CALCENOS, Calcetus. 
 
 CALCEOLA'RIA, from calceolus, 'a small 
 slipper;' Slipipertcort. 
 
 Calcf.ola'eia Primata is used in Peru as a 
 laxative. 
 
 Calceola'ria Trif'ida is esteemed to be febri- 
 fuge 
 
 CALCE'TUS, Calceno'nius, Calce'nos. That 
 which aDounds in tartrate of lime. An adjective 
 used by Paracelsus in speaking of the blood; 
 Sanguis calce'tus. Hence came the expression 
 Cnlci7ied Irk^od, So.ng calcini. 
 
 CALCEUM EQUINUM, Tussilago. 
 CALCHOIDEA, (OS.) Cuneiform bone. 
 CALCIA, Calcaneum. 
 CALCIGEROUS CELL, see Tooth. 
 CALCIG'RADUS, PtemoVates, from calx, 
 TTTtpva, 'the heel,' and fiaiviii, 'I walk.' One who 
 walks on his heels. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CALCII CHLORURETUM, Calcis murias— c. 
 Oxychloruretum, Calcis chloridum — c. Oxydum, 
 Calx viva — c. Protochloruretum, Calcis chloridum. 
 CALCINA'TION, Calcina'tio, Calci'non, Con- 
 crema'tio, from calx, 'lime.' The act of submit- 
 ting to a strong heat any infusible mineral sub- 
 stance, which we are desirous of depriving either 
 of its water, or of any other volatilizable sub- 
 stance, that enters into its composition ; or which 
 we wish to combine with oxygen. Alum is cal- 
 cined to get rid of its water of crystallization ; — 
 chalk, to reduce it to the state of pure lime, by 
 driving off the carbonic acid; and certain metal* 
 are subjected to this operation to oxidize them. 
 
 CALCINATUM MAJUS POTERII, Hydrar- 
 gyrum prsocipitatum. 
 
 CALCINONIA, Calcena. 
 CALCIS BICHLORURETUM, Calcis chlori- 
 dum — c. Carbonas, Creta — c. Carbonas durus, 
 Creta, Marmor — c. Carbonas friabilis, Creta. 
 
 Calcis Car'bonas Pr^cipita'tus, Precip'l- 
 tated Car'honate of Lime, Precijntated Chalk. 
 This preparation, introduced into the last edition 
 of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is pre- 
 pared as follows : Liq. Calcii Chlorid. Ovss; Soda 
 Carbonat. ibvj ; AqucB destillat. q. s. Dissolve the 
 carbonate of soda in six parts of distilled water ; 
 heat this and the solution of chloride of calcium, 
 separately, to the boiling point, and mix. Wash 
 the precipitate repeatedly with distilled water, 
 and dry on bibulous paper. It has the ^ame 
 properties as creta praeparata, and is preferred to 
 it in certain cases, — for example, as an ingredient 
 in tooth powders, owing to its freedom from 
 gritty particles. 
 
 Calcis Chlo'ridum; Chlo' ride of Lime, Chlo'- 
 ruret of Lime, HypocMo'rite of Lime, Chlorite of 
 Lime, Oxymu' riate of Lime, Calx chlorina'ta, (Ph. 
 U. S.) Protoxichlor'uret of Calcium, Calca'ria chlo- 
 ra'ta, Chlorum Calca'ria, Chloretum Calca'ri<B, 
 Calcaria Chlo'rica, Oxychlorure'tum Calcii, Pro- 
 toehlorure'tum Calcii, Chlorure'tuni Oxidi Calcii, 
 Bichlorure'tum Calcis, Oxymu' rias Calcis, Catcin 
 Hypochlo'ria, Calx oxymuriat'ica. Pleaching Pow- 
 der, Tennant'a Powder, (F.) Protoxichlorure de 
 Calcium, Ohlorure de Chaux, Oxichlorure de. 
 Chaux, Chlorure d' Oxide de Calcium, Bichlorure 
 de Chaux, Oximuriate de Chaux, 3Iuriate surojc- 
 igene ou Oxigene de Chaux, Poiidre de Blaiiche- 
 ment, P. de Tennant. A compound resulting from 
 the action of chlorine on hydrate of lime. 
 Chloride of lime is a most valuable disinfecting 
 agent, (see Disinfection,) when dissolved in the 
 proportion of one pound to six gallons of water. 
 It has likewise been employed both internally 
 and externally in various diseases, as in scrofuhi, 
 foetor oris, foul ulcers, &c. &c. 
 
 Calcis Hepar, Calcis sulphuretum — c. Hy- 
 dras, see Calx — c. Hypochloris, Calcis chloridum. 
 Calcis Mu'rias; Muriate of Lime, Cnlxsali'ta, 
 Calcii Chlorure'tuni seu Chlo'ridum, Chloride of 
 calcium, (F.) Chlorure de calcium, Muriate ou 
 Hydrochlurnte de Chaux. This salt has been 
 given, in solution, as a tonic, stimulant, <fee., in 
 scrofulous tumours, glandular obstructions, gene- 
 ral debility, &c. A Solu'tio Murin'tis Calcis, 
 Liquor Calcis Jfuria'tis, Solution of Muriate of 
 Lime, Liquid Shell, may be formed of Muriate 
 of Lime 3J, dissolved in distilled water f^-'j- 
 "rhe Liquor Calcii Chlokidi or Solution 0/ Ohio- 
 
CALCITEA 
 
 159 
 
 CALCULI 
 
 ride of Calcium, of the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States, is prepared as follows : — Marble, 
 in fragments, 5ix, Muriatic acid, Oj j Distilled 
 water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the acid with 
 a half pint of the water, and gradually add the 
 marble. Towards the close of the effervescence 
 apply a gentle heat, and, when the action has 
 ceased, pour off the clear liquor and evaporate to 
 dryness. Dissolve the residuum in its weight and 
 a half of distilled water, and filter. Dose, from 
 gtt. XXX to f^j, in a cupful of water. 
 
 Calcis Oxymurias, Calcis chloridum. 
 
 Calcis Sulphure'tum ; Hepar Calcis, Siil'- 
 phuret of Lime, (F.) Proto-hydroaulfate de Cal- 
 cium, Hijdrosulfate de chaux. Principally used 
 in solution, as a bath, in itch and other cutaneous 
 affections. 
 
 CALCITEA, Ferri sulphas. 
 
 CALCITEOSA, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 CALCITH03, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 CALCITRAPA, Centaurea Calcitrapa, Del- 
 phinium consolida — c. Hippophsestum, Centau- 
 rea calcitrapa — c. Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 
 CALCIUM, CHLORIDE OF, Calcis murias— 
 c. Chlorjire de, Calcis murias — c. Chlorure d'oxide 
 de, Calcis chloridum — c. Protohijdrosulfaie de, 
 Galcis sulphviretum — c. Protoxichlorure de, Cal- 
 cis chloridum — e. Protoxichloruret of, Calcis 
 chloridum — c. Protoxide of, Calx. 
 
 CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS MINIMI DI- 
 GITI, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — c. Subpha- 
 langeus pollicis. Abductor pollicis pedis. 
 
 CALCOCOS, Bell-metal. 
 
 CALCOIDEA, (ossicula,) Cuneiform bones. 
 
 CALCOTAR, Ferri sulphas. 
 
 CALCUL, Calculus. 
 
 CALCULEUX, Calculous. 
 
 CALCULI, see Calculus — c. Articular, see 
 Calculi Arthritic ; and Concretions, articular. 
 
 Calculi, Alternatixg, see Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Calculi, Arthrit'ic, Tophi, Tnber'cula ar- 
 ihrit'ica, Chalk-stones, Nodes, (F.) Pierres cray- 
 enaes, Calculs arthritiques, Nceuds. Concretions, 
 which form in the ligaments, and within the cap- 
 sules of the joints, in persons aifected with gout. 
 They are composed of uric acid, soda, and a little 
 animal matter; very rarely, urate of lime and chlo- 
 ride of sodium are met with. Similar calculi are 
 found in other parts besides the joints. 
 
 Cal'culi, Bil'iary, Cal'culi hilio'si sen fell' ei 
 Beu bih'a'rii, Bil'iary Concretions, Gall-stones, 
 Oholol'ithus, CholeV ithus, (F.) Calculs hiliaires, 
 Pierres au fiel. Some of these contain all the 
 materials of the bile, and seem to be nothing 
 more than that secretion thickened. Several 
 contain Picromel ; and the greater part are com- 
 posed of from 88 to 94 parts of Cholesterin, and 
 of from 6 to 12 of the yellow matter of the bile. 
 Biliary calculi are most frequently found in the 
 gall-bladder : at other times, in the substance of 
 the liver, in the branches of the Ductus heptaticiis, 
 or in the Ductus Communis Oholedochus. The 
 first are called Cystic ; the second Hepatic ; and 
 the last, sometimes. Hepatocystic. The causes 
 which give rise to them are very obscure. Often 
 they occasion no uneasiness, and at other times 
 the symptoms may be confounded with those of 
 hepatitis. At times, they are rejected by the 
 mouth, or by the bowels, along with a considera- 
 ble quantity of bile, which had accumulated be- 
 hind them ; at other times they occasion violent 
 abdominal inflammation, abscesses, and biliary 
 fistula;, rupture of the gall-bladder, and fatal 
 effusion into the peritoneum. The passage of a 
 gall-stone is extremely painful; yet the pulse is 
 not at first affected. Antiphlogistics, when there 
 la inflammatory action, and stroag doses of opium, 
 
 to allay toe pain and spasm, with the warm batb, 
 are the chief remedies. Solvents are not to be 
 depended upon. They cannot reach the calculi. 
 
 Calcui:, Bone Earth, see Calculi, urinary — c. 
 Compound, see Calculi, urinary — c. Cystic, see 
 Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Cal'culi, of the Ears, (F.) Calculs de V Oreille. 
 Hard, light, and inflammable concretions, which 
 occur in the meatus auditoriiis externus, and are 
 merely indurated cerumen. They are a frequent 
 cause of deafness. They can be easily seen, and 
 may be extracted by appropriate forceps, after 
 having been detached by injections of soap and 
 water. 
 
 Calculi Fellei, Calculi, biliary — c. Fusible, 
 see Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Cal'culi, Lach'rymal, (F.) Calculs lacry- 
 maux. Concretions sometimes, but rarely, form 
 in the lachrj-mal passages, where they occasion 
 abscesses and fistulse, which do not heal until 
 they are extracted. No analysis has been made 
 of them. 
 
 Calculi, Lithic, see Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Mamm^, (F.) Calculs die 
 Mamelles. Haller gives a case of a concretion, 
 of a yellowish-white colour, which had the shape 
 of one of the excretory ducts of the mammary 
 gland, having been extracted from an abscess 
 seated in that organ. 
 
 Calculi, Mulberry, see Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Pan'creas, (F. Calculs du 
 Pancreas. These are but little known. Ana- 
 logy has induced a belief that they resemble 
 the salivary. Some have supposed that certain 
 transparent calculi, rejected by vomiting, or 
 passed in the evacuations, have proceeded from 
 the pancreas, but there seems to be no reason foi 
 this belief. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Pineal Gland, (F.) Calcuh 
 de la Glande Pineale. These have been fre- 
 quently met with. No symptom announces theii 
 presence during life. They are composed of phos- 
 phate of lime. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Prostate, Prostat'ic cal'cidi. 
 These are not very rare. They have generally 
 the same composition as the preceding. They 
 usually present the symptoms common to every 
 tumefaction of the prostate, and sometimes those 
 of calculi in the bladder. 
 
 Cal'culi Pul'monary, (F.) Calculs pulmo- 
 naires. These concretions are very frequently 
 met with in the dead body, without seeming to 
 have produced unpleasant symptoms during lLfi>. 
 At other times, they are accompanied with all 
 the symptoms of phthisis, Phthisic calculeuse, of 
 Bayle. At times they are expectorated without 
 the supervention of any unpleasant symptom. 
 They are usually formed of carbonate of limt- 
 and animal matter. 
 
 Cal'culi, Sal'ivary, Cal'cidi saliva'les, Sia- 
 lol'ithi, (F.) Calculs salivaires. Concretions, 
 usually formed of phosphate of lime and animal 
 matter, which are developed in the substance of 
 the salivary glands or in their excretory ducts. 
 In tho first case, they may be mistaken for a 
 simple swelling of the gland; in the second, they 
 may generally be detected by the touch. They 
 may be extracted by incision in the interior of 
 the mouth. The calculus developed in the sub- 
 lingual ducts has been called Cal'culus sublii* 
 gua'lis and Ran'ula lapide'a. 
 
 Cal'culi, Sperjiat'i^, (F.) Calculs sperma- 
 tiques. These have been sometimes found in the 
 vesiculss seminales after death. They cannot bo 
 detected during life. No analj'sis has been made 
 of them. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Stomach and Inter'ttnks, 
 Enter of ithus, E, Cal'culus, Coprol'ithus, Goncr»- 
 
CALCULI 
 
 160 
 
 CALCULI 
 
 tw'nes alvi'nm, (F.) Calculs de Vestomac, G. in- 
 testinaxix, Pierres stercorales, Concretions intesti- 
 nales. Calculi of the stomach are rare, and have 
 almost always been carried thither by the anti- 
 peristaltic action of the intestines. The symp- 
 toms occasioned by them are those of chronic 
 gastritis. It has been imagined that the conti- 
 nued use of absorbent powders, as magnesia, will 
 give occasion to them. 
 
 Intestinal concretions, (F.) Calculs intestinanx, 
 are not uncommon in animals (see Bezoard :) 
 but they are rare in man. The causes which 
 give rise to them are little known : sometimes a 
 biliary calculus affords them a nucleus. Their 
 composition varies. They are light, hard, very 
 fetid, and not inflammable. They are formed, 
 ordinarily, between the valvulee of the small in- 
 testines, or in the cells of the large, and some- 
 times in old herniae. Whilst they do not ob- 
 struct the passage of the alimentary mass, they 
 produce no unpleasant symptoms. At times, the 
 movable tumour which they form may be felt 
 through the parietes of the abdomen. They are 
 generally evacuated ^er amtm. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Tonsils. Calculous concre- 
 tions, which sometimes form in the tonsils. (F.) 
 Calculs des Araygdales. They are easily recog- 
 nised by the sight and touch : sometimes they 
 
 are discharged by spitting, either alone or with 
 the pus of an abscess occasioned by their pre- 
 sence. They have not been analyzed. 
 
 CALcrLi, Triple, see Calculi, urinary — c 
 Uric, see Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Cal'culi, U'einary, Urol'ithi, (F.) Calculs 
 urinaires, Pierres urinaires. Concretions which 
 form from the crystallizable substances in the 
 urine, and which are met with not only in the 
 whole course of the urinary passages, but in fis- 
 tulous openings wherever the urine stagnates 
 naturally or accidentally. Their causes are but 
 little known. They are more common at the two 
 extremities of life than at the middle, and more 
 so in some countries and districts than in others. 
 At times, a clot of blood, a portion of mucus, &e., 
 form the nucleus. The symptoms and treat- 
 ment vary according to the seit of the calculus. 
 There is no such thing probably as a medical 
 solvent. See Urinary Calculi. 
 
 Modern chymists have demonstrated the exist- 
 ence of several components of urinary calculi, 
 viz., Lithic Acid, Phosjjhate of Lime, Ammoniaco- 
 Magnesian Phosphate, Oxalate of Lime, Cystic 
 Oxide, and Xanthic Oxide, with an animal ce- 
 menting ingredient. The varieties of calculi, pro- 
 duced by the combination or intermixture of these 
 ingredients, are thus represented by Dr. Paris. 
 
 A tabular view of different species of urinary- calculi. 
 
 SPKCIES OF CA.1^ 
 CtJU. 
 
 EXTERNAL CHARACTERS. 
 
 CHYMICAL COMPOSITION. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 1. LITHIC or 
 URIC. 
 
 Form, a flattened oval. S. G. 
 generally exceeds ], 500. Colour, 
 brownish or fawn-like. Surface, 
 smooth. Texture, laminated. 
 
 It consists principally of Lit/tic 
 Jlcid. When treated with nitric 
 acid, a beautiful pink substance 
 results. This calculus is slightly 
 soluble in water, abundantly so 
 in the pure alkalies. 
 
 It is the prevailing 
 species ; but the surface 
 sometimes occurs fine 
 ly tuberculated. It fre- 
 quently constitutes the 
 nuclei of the other spe- 
 (yes. 
 
 2. MULBERRT. 
 
 Colour, dark brown. Texture, 
 harder than that of the other 
 species. S. G. from 1.428 to 1.97G. 
 Surface, studded with tubercles. 
 
 It is oxalate of lime, and is de- 
 composed in the flame of a spirit 
 lamp swelling out into a white 
 efflorescence, which is quick- 
 lime. 
 
 'I'his species includes 
 some varieties, which 
 are remarkably smooth 
 and pale-coloured, re- 
 sembling hempseed. 
 
 3. BONE EARTH 
 
 Colour, pale brown or gray ; 
 surface, smooth and polished ; 
 structure, regularly laminated ; 
 the laniiniB easily separating 
 into concrete crusts. 
 
 Principally -phosphate of lime. 
 It is soluble in muriatic acid. 
 
 
 4. TRIPLE. 
 
 Colour, generally brilliant 
 white. Surface, uneven, studded 
 with shining crystals, less com- 
 pact than the preceding species. 
 Between its lamina3 small cells 
 occur, filled with sparkling par- 
 ticles. 
 
 It is an ummoniaco-magnesian 
 phosphate, generally mixed with 
 phosphate of lime. Pure alka- 
 lies decompose it, extracting its 
 ammonia. 
 
 This species attains a 
 larger size than any of 
 the others. 
 
 5. FDSIBLE. 
 
 Co/oiir, grayish white. 
 
 A compound of the two fore- 
 going species. 
 
 It is very fusible, 
 melting into a vitreous 
 
 globule. 
 
 6. CYSTIC. 
 
 Very like the triple calculus, 
 but it is unsiratified and more 
 compact and homogenous. 
 
 It consists of cystic oxide. Lfii- 
 der the blowpipe it yields a pe- 
 culiarly fetid odour. It is solu- 
 ble in acids, and in alkalies, 
 even if they are fully saturated 
 with carbonic acid. 
 
 It is a rare species. 
 
 7. ALTERNA- 
 TING. 
 
 Its section exhibits different 
 concentric laminrc. 
 
 Compounded of several spe- 
 cies, alternating with each other. 
 
 
 8. COMPOUND. 
 
 No characteristic form. 
 
 The ingredients are separable 
 only by chymical analysis. 
 
 
 1. Renal Calcidi, (F.) Calculs renaux. These 
 have almost always a very irregular shape : 
 at times, there is no indication of their pre- 
 sence: at others, they occasion attacks of pain 
 io the kidneys, sometimes accompanied with 
 Woody or turbid urine. Often, they cause in- 
 flammation of the kidneys, with all its unplea- 
 sant results. They are generally formed of uric 
 acid, animal matter, and oxalate of lime, with, 
 sometimes, phosphates. The treatment will have 
 to vary, accoiding to the absence or presence of 
 
 inflammatory signs, — relieving the irritation by- 
 opiates. A surgical operation can rarely be ap- 
 plicable. 
 
 2. Calcidi of the Ureters, (F.) Calculs der 
 Ureteres. These come from the kidneys, and do 
 not produce unpleasant effects, unless they are 
 so large as to obstruct the course of the urine, 
 and to occasion distention of the whole of the 
 ureters above them; or unless their surface is so 
 rough as to irritate the mucous membrane, and 
 occasion pain, hemorrhage, abscesses, &o. The 
 
CALCULIFRAGUS 
 
 161 
 
 CALIGO 
 
 pain, during the passage, is sometimes very vio- 
 lent, extending to the testicle of the same side 
 in the male ,• and occasioning a numbness of the 
 thigh in both sexes. The treatment consists in 
 general or local blood-letting, warm bath, and 
 opiates. 
 
 3. Calculi, Vesical; Stone in the Bladder, 
 Lith'ia Yesica'lis, Lithi'asis cys'tica, Lithi'asis 
 veiica'lii, Cysto-litlii'asis, Dysu'ria calculo'sa, D. 
 irrita'ta, Cal'culus vesi'ccB, (F.) Valculs vesicaux. 
 These are the most common. Sometimes, they 
 proceed from the kidneys: most commonly, they 
 are formed in the bladder itself. Sense of weight 
 in the perinseum, and sometimes of a body roll- 
 ing when the patient changes his position ; pain 
 or itching at the extremity of the glans in men ; 
 frequent desire to pass the urine ; sudden stop- 
 page to its flow; and bloody urine — are the chief 
 signs which induce a suspicion of their existence. 
 We cannot, however, be certain of this without 
 sounding the patient. Sometimes, when of a 
 small size, they are expeUed : most commonly, 
 they remain in the bladder, the disorganization 
 of which they occasion, unless removed by a sur- 
 gical operation. 
 
 4. Calculi Ure'thi-al. They almost always pro- 
 ceed from the bladder. The obstruction, which 
 they cause to the passage of the urine, the hard 
 tumour, and the noise occasioned when struck 
 by a sound, indicate their presence. They are 
 removed by incision. 
 
 5. Calculi of Fis'tulous passages. These arise 
 when there is some fistulous opening into the 
 urethra. They can be readily recognised, and 
 may generally be extracted with facility. (F.) 
 Calculs places hors des voies uriiiaires. See Uri- 
 nary Calculi. 
 
 Cal'culi of the TJ'TEurs, (F.) Calculs de 
 r Uterus. These are very rare. The signs, which 
 indicate them during life, are those of chronic 
 engorgement of the uterus. Their existence, con- 
 seituently, cannot be proved till after death. 
 
 CALCULIFRAGUS, Lithontriptie. 
 
 CAL'CULOUS, (F.) Calculeux, Graveleux. 
 That which relates to calculi, especially to those 
 of the bladder. 
 
 CALCULS BILIAIRES. Calculi, biliary — 
 c. de VEstoraac, Calculi of the stomach — c. de la 
 Glande Pinerde, Calculi of the pineal gland — c. 
 Tntestinaiuv, Calculi of the stomach and intestines 
 
 — c. Lacrymaux, Calculi, lachrymal — c. des 3Ia- 
 fiielles. Calculi of the mammje — c. de V Oreille, 
 Calculi in the ears — c. du Pancreas, Calculi of 
 the Pancreas — c. Places Tiors des voies urinaires, 
 Calculi of fistulous passages — c. Pulmonaires, 
 Calculi, pulmonary — c. Eenaiix, Calculi, renal — 
 c. Salivdires, Calculi, salivary — c. Spermatiques, 
 Calculi, spermatic — c. Urinaires, Calculi, urinary 
 
 — c. des Uret^res, Calculi of the ureters — e. de 
 r Uterus, Calculi of the uterus — c. Vesicaux, Cal- 
 culi, vesical. 
 
 CAL'CULUS, Lapis, Lithos, \i&o?. A dimi- 
 nutive of calx, a lime-stone. (F.) Calcul, Pierre. 
 Calculi are concretions, which may form in every 
 part of the animal body, but are most fre- 
 quently found in the organs that act as reservoirs, 
 and in the excretory canals. They are met with 
 in the tonsils, joints, biliary ducts, digestive pas- 
 snges, lachrymal ducts, mammffi, pancreas, pineal 
 gland, prostate, lungs, salivary, spermatic and 
 urinary passages, and in the uterus. The causes 
 rhich give rise to them are obscure. 
 
 Those that occur in reservoirs or ducts are 
 supposed to be owing to the deposition of the 
 substances, which compose them, from the fluid 
 as it passes along the duct; and those which 
 oe«ur in the substance of an organ are regarded 
 11 
 
 as the product of some chronic irritation. Their 
 general effect is to irritate, as extraneous bodies, 
 the parts with which they are in contact; and to 
 produce retention of the fluid, whence they have 
 been formed. The symptoms difi'er, according to 
 the sensibility of the organ and the importance 
 of the particular secretion whose discharge they 
 impede. Their solution is generally impracti- 
 cable : spontaneous expulsion or extraction is 
 the only way of getting rid of them. 
 
 Calculus Bezoar, Bezoard — c. Dentalis, 
 Odontolithus — c. Encysted, Calcid eJiatovne — c. 
 Sublingualis, see Calculi, salivary — e. Vesicae, 
 Calculus, vesical. 
 
 CALDAS, WATERS OF. Caldas is a small 
 town, ten leagues from Lisbon, where are mineral 
 springs, containing carbonic and hydrosulphuric 
 acid gases, carbonates and muriates of lime and 
 magnesia, sulphates of soda and lime, sulphuret 
 of iron, silica, and alumina. They are much 
 used in atonic gout. They are thermal. Tem- 
 perature 93° Fahrenheit. 
 
 CALDE'RL^ ITAL'IC^. Warm baths in 
 the neighbourhood of Ferrara, in Italy, much 
 employed in dysuria. 
 
 CALEBASSES, Cucurbita lagenaria. 
 
 CALEFA'CIENTS, Calefacien'tia, Therman'- 
 tiea, from calidus, 'warm/ and facio, 'I make.' 
 (F.) Echatiffants. Substances which excite a de- 
 gree of warmth in the part to which they are 
 applied, as mustard, pepper, &e. They belong 
 to the class of stimulants. 
 
 CALEFACTIO, Echavffement. 
 
 CALENDULA ALPINA, Arnica montana. 
 
 Calen'dula Arten'sis, Caltha Arven'sis seu 
 officina'lis. Wild Mar'igold, (F.) Souci des 
 Champs. This is, sometimes, preferred to the 
 last. Its juice has been given, in the dose of 
 from f^j to f^iv, in jaundice and cachexia. 
 
 Calen'dula Officixa'lis, C. Sati'va, Chry- 
 san'themum, Sponsa solis, Caltha vxdya'ris ; Ver- 
 ruca'rin. Single Mar'igold, Garden Mar'igold, 
 (F.) Souci, S. ordinaire. Family, Synantherese,. 
 Syngenesia necessaria, Linn. So called from 
 flowering every caleiid. The flowers and leaves- 
 have been exhibited as aperients, diaphoretics,. 
 <tc., and have been highlv extolled in cancer. 
 
 CALENDULA MARTIALES, Ferrum am- 
 moniatum. 
 
 CALENTU'RA, from calere, 'to be warm.' 
 The word, in Spanish, signifies fever. A species 
 of furious delirium to which sailors are subject 
 in the torrid zone : — a kind of phrenitis, the 
 attack of which comes on suddenly after a broil- 
 ing day, and seems to be characterized by a de- 
 sire in the patient to throw himself into the sea. 
 It is only a variety of phrenitis. 
 
 Calentura Cojttixua, Synocha. 
 
 CALENTU'RAS; Palo de Calentn'ras. Pomet 
 and Lemery saj', that these words are sometimes 
 applied to cinchona. Camelli says, they mean, 
 also, a tree of the Philippine Isles, the wood of 
 which is bitter and febrifuge. 
 
 CALF OP THE LEG, Sura. 
 
 CALICE, Calix. 
 
 C ALICES RENALES, see Calix. 
 
 CALICO BUSH, Kalmia latifolia. 
 
 CALIDARIUM, see Stove. 
 
 CALIDUM ANIMALE, Animal heat— c. In- 
 natum. Animal heat. 
 
 CALIGATIO, Dazzling. 
 
 CALI'GO. 'A mist.' Acldys, (F.) Brouillard. 
 An obscurity of vision, dependent upon a speck 
 on the cornea: also, the speck Itself; Caligo cor'- 
 nciB, JIac'ula cornecB, M. sem.ipeUu'cida, Phihar- 
 ma caligo, C. a nephel'io, Hehetu'do visits, C. «? 
 Letico'mat?., Nel'ula, Opake cornea, Wsb-ey*, (F.) 
 
CALIHACHA 
 
 162 
 
 CALUMBA 
 
 Koxiage de la Cornee, Taye, Ohacurcisaement de 
 la vue. 
 
 Caligo Lentis, Cataract — c. Pupillse, Syne- 
 r.isis — c. Synizesis, Synezisis — c. Tenebrarum, 
 llemeralopia. 
 
 CALIHACHA CAISTELLA, Laurus cassia. 
 
 CALIX, Calyx, Infundib'ulum, from koKi^, 'a. 
 pup.' (F.) C'alice, Entonnoir. Anatomists have 
 giren this name to small membranous canals, 
 tvhich surround the papillte of the kidney, and 
 open into its pelvis, whither they convey the 
 urine: — Oal'ices rena'les, Cylind'ri memhrana' cei 
 Renum, Fis'tulcB ure'terum renum, Canales mem- 
 bra'nei Renum, Tu'bxdi pelvis renum. Their 
 number varies from 6 to 12 in each kidney. 
 
 Calix Vomitoria, Goblet, emetic. 
 
 CALLEUX, Callous. 
 
 CALLIBLEPH'ARUM, from KaWoq, 'beauty,' 
 and PXtipapov, ' eyelid.' A remedy for beautify- 
 ing the eyelids. 
 
 CALLICANTHUS, Calycanthus. 
 
 CALLICOCCA IPECACUANHA, Ipecacu- 
 anha. 
 
 CALLICREAS, Pancreas. 
 
 CALLIOMARCHUS, Tussilago. 
 
 CALLIP^'DIA, from xaWo;, 'beauty,' and 
 Taig, TzaiSoi, 'a child.' The art of begetting beau- 
 tiful children. This was the title of a poem by 
 Claude Quillet, in 1655 ; "CallijjcBdia sive de pul- 
 chrcB prolis habendcs ratione." The author ab- 
 surdly supposes, that the beauty of children is 
 affected by the sensations which the mother ex- 
 periences during her pregnancy. 
 
 _ CALLIPERS OF BAUDELOCQUE, see Pel- 
 vimeter. 
 
 CALLIPESTRIA, Cosmetics. 
 
 CALLIPHYLLUM, Asplenium trichoma- 
 noide's. 
 
 CALLIP'TGOS, from (caXXof, 'beauty/ and 
 TTvyri, ' buttocks.' A cognomen of Venus, owing 
 to her beautiful nates. 
 
 CAL'LITRIS ECKLO'NL A South African 
 tree, Hat. Ord. Coniferse, from the branches 
 and cones of which a gum exudes, that resem- 
 bles Gum Sandarac. This is successfully used 
 in the form of fumigations in gout, rheumatism, 
 ■cedematous swellings, &c. 
 
 Callitris CupRESSO'iDES, a common shrub in 
 the neighbourhood of Cape Town, exudes a simi- 
 lar substance. 
 
 CALLOSITAS, Induration — c. Palpebrarum, 
 Scleriasis — c. VesiciB, Cystauxe. 
 
 CALLOS'ITY, Callos'itas, Scyros, Tijle, Tylus, 
 Tylo'ma, Tylo'sis, Dermatosclero' sis, JJermatoty- 
 lo'ma, Dermatotylo' sis, Dermatot'ylns, Porus, Ec- 
 phy'ma Callus. Hardness, induration, and thick- 
 ness of the skin, which assumes a horny consist- 
 ence, in places where it is exposed to constant 
 })ressure. (F.) Burillon. Also the induration, 
 which is observed in old wounds, old ulcers, lis- 
 tulous passages, <fec. 
 
 CALLOUS, Callo'sns, OchtTio'des, from callus, 
 'hardness.' (F.) Callenx. That which is hard 
 or indurated. A Callous Ulcer is one whose edges 
 are thick and indurated. 
 
 CALLUM PEDIS, Instep. 
 
 OALLUNA ERICA, Erica vulgaris — e. Vul- 
 garis, Erica vulgaris. 
 
 CALLUS, Calus, Galium, Osteot'ylus, (F.) Cal. 
 The bony matter, thrown out between the frac- 
 tured extremities of a bone, which acts as a ce- 
 ment, and as a new bony formation. The words 
 are, likewise, used occasionally in the same sense 
 as Callosity. 
 
 Callus, Provisional. When the shaft of a 
 long bone has been broken through, and the ex- 
 tremities have been brought in exact juxtaposi- 
 tion,, the new matter, first ossified, is that which 
 
 occupies the central portion of the deposit, and 
 thus connects the medullary cavities of the broken 
 ends, forming a kind of plug, which enters each. 
 This was termed by M. Dupuytren the provi- 
 sional Callus. 
 
 CAL3IANTS, Sedatives. 
 
 CAL3IE, (F.) The interval that separates the 
 paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease. When 
 the type is intermittent, the word intermission is 
 used. 
 
 CALOMBA, Calumba. 
 
 CALOMEL, Hydrargyri submurias. 
 
 CALOMEL STOOLS. A term applied to the 
 green, spinach-like, evacuations occasioned by 
 the internal use of the mild chloride of mercury. 
 
 CALOMELANOS TORQUETI, Hydrargyri 
 submurias. 
 
 Calomelanos Turqueti. a name given by 
 Piiverius to purgative pills, prepared with calo- 
 mel, sulphur, and resin of jalap. — Dictionaries. 
 
 CALOMELAS, Hydrargyri submurias. 
 
 CALO'XIA, KoKwvia. An epithet formerly 
 given to myrrh. — Hippocrates. See Myrrha. 
 
 CALOPIIYLLUM INOPHYLLUM, see Fa- 
 gara octandra. 
 
 CALOR, Heat — c. Animalis, Animal heat — ■ 
 c. iS'ativus, Animal heat. 
 
 GALOIilGITE, (F.) Galoric"itas. The faculty 
 possessed by living bodies of generating a suffi- 
 cient quantity of caloric to enable them to resist 
 atmospheric cold, and to preserve, at all times 
 and in every part, a temperature nearly equal. 
 See Animal Heat. 
 
 CALORIFA'CIENT, Calorif'iant, Calorifa'^ 
 ciens, Galorifi' ans : from color, 'heat,' and /aeerc, 
 'to make.' Having the power of producing 
 heat. Relating to the power of producing heat. 
 
 CALORIFICA'TION, Calorijiea'tio, from ca- 
 lor, 'heat,' und fieri, 'to be made.' The function 
 of producing animal heat. 
 
 CALORINESES, from calor, 'heat.' The 
 name under which M. Baumes proposes to ar- 
 range all diseases, characterized by a sensible 
 change in the quantity of animal heat. Th.e Ca- 
 lorineses form the first class of his Nosology. 
 
 CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA, Mudar— c. Mu- 
 darii, Mudar. 
 
 CALOTTE, (F.) Pile'olum. Anatomists some- 
 times give the name. Calotte aponevrotique, to 
 the aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis muscle, 
 which covers it externally ; and that of Calottt 
 du crane to the scull-cap. 
 
 Calotte is also applied to an adhesive plaster, 
 with which the head of a person labouring under 
 tinea capitis is sometimes covered, after the hair 
 has been shaved off. This plaster is pulled sud- 
 denly and violently ofij in order to remove the 
 bulbs of the hair. It means, also, a sort of coif 
 made of boiled leather, worn by those who have 
 undergone the operation of trepanning, &c. 
 
 CALOTTE D' ASSURANCE, Condom. 
 
 CALTHA ALPINA, Arnica montana— c. Ar- 
 vensis. Calendula arvensis — c. Officinalis, Calen- 
 dula arvensis — e. Vulgaris, Calendula officinalis. 
 
 CALTROPS, see Trapa natans. 
 
 CALUM'BA, Golom'bo, Calom'ba, Colom'la, 
 (Ph. U. S. :) Golumbo, Radix Cohmhm, (F.) Ca- 
 lumbe ou Golumbe. The root of 3Ienisper'miim 
 palnia'tum, Coc'culns palma'ius, indigenous in 
 India and Africa. Its odour is slightly aromatic; 
 taste unjilcasantly bitter. It is tonic and anti- 
 septic. Dose, gr. 10 to 5J in powder. 
 
 Cai-vTmba, American, Frase'ra Walteri, F. 
 Carollnien'sis, F. Officina'lis, Swer'tia difform' Ik, 
 Sw. Frase'ra, American or Marietta Golumbo, 
 Indian Lettuce, Yelloio Gentian, Golden Seal, 
 Meadow pride, Pyr'amid, is used in the same 
 cases as the true Calumba. 
 
CALUS 
 
 163 
 
 CAMPHOROSMA MONSPELIACA 
 
 CALUS, Callus, 
 
 CALVA, Cranium. 
 
 Calva, Culva'ria. The cranium; the upper 
 part especially ; the skull-cap ; — the Vault of the 
 Cranium, Cam'era. 
 
 CALVARIA, Cranium. 
 
 CALVA'TA FERRAMEN'TA. Surgical in- 
 struments, which have a head or button. 
 
 CALVER'S PHYSIC, Leptandra Virginica. 
 
 CALVIT"IES, GalvWium, Phal'acra, Phala- 
 cro'sis, GlahrW'ies, Ophi'a^is, Dejjila'tio Oap'- 
 itiSjPkalacro'ma, Madaro'sis, Liijsotrich' ia, Bald- 
 ness, &,Q., from calvus, 'bald,' (F.) Chaitvete. 
 Absence of hair, particularly at the top of, and 
 behind, the head. Calmt"ies palpebra'rwm, — 
 loss of the eye-lashes. 
 
 CALX, Lime, Ca'riiim Terras, Protox'ide of 
 Cal'cium, Calca'ria piira, (F.) Chaux. The lime, 
 employed in pharmacy, should be recently pre- 
 pared by calcination. When water is sprinkled 
 over caustic lime, we have slaked lime, hydrate 
 of lime, — the Oalcis Hydras of the London phar- 
 macopoeia. 
 
 Calx, see Calcaneum — e. Chlorinata, Calcis 
 ehloridum — c. Cum kali puro, Potassa cum calce 
 ■ — c. Salita, Calcis murias — c. Bismuthi, Bismuth, 
 subnitrate of. 
 
 Calx e Testis ; lime prepared from shells. 
 It has probably no medicinal advantages over 
 that prepared from marble. 
 
 Calx Oxymuriatica, Calcis ehloridum. 
 
 Calx Viva, Ox'idum Cal'cii, Calx recens, Fu- 
 mans nix, Calx vsta. Calx et Calx viva. Lime or 
 Quicklime, (F.) Chaux vive. The external ope- 
 ration of calx viva is escharotie, but it is rarely 
 used. Lime is a good disinfecting agent. It is 
 employed internally in the form of Liquor Calcis. 
 
 CALYCANTH'US, C.Flor'idus, Callieaii'thu8,{l) 
 Caroli'na Allspice, Sweet-scented shrub. Sweet 
 shrub. An indigenous plant; Order, Calycan- 
 thaceie ; with purplish flowers, of strong, agree- 
 able odour, which appear from March to June. 
 The root is possessed of emetic properties. 
 
 CALYPTRANTHES CORYOPHYLLATA, 
 Myrtus carvophyllata. 
 
 CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM, Convolvulus sepium 
 — c. Soldanella, Convulvulus soldanella. 
 
 CALYX, Calix. 
 
 CAMARA, Calva. 
 
 CAMAREZ, MINERAL "WATERS OF. Ca- 
 marez is a small canton near Sylvanes, in the 
 department of Aveyron, France, where there are 
 acidulous chalybeates. 
 
 CAMARO'SIS, Camaro'ma, from Ka/iapa, 'a. 
 vault;' Camera' tio, Testudina' tio Cra'nii. A 
 species of fracture of the skull, in which the frag- 
 ments are placed so as to form a vault, with its 
 base resting on the dura mater. — Galen, Paulus 
 of ^gina. 
 
 CAMBING. A tree of the Molucca Islands, 
 from the bark of which a kind of gum-resin ex- 
 udes, which has been highly extolled in dysen- 
 tery. It appears to have some resemblance to 
 the simarouba. — Rumphius. 
 
 CAMBIUM, ' Exchange.' A name formerly 
 given to a fancied nutritive juice, which was 
 iupposed to originate in the blood, to repair the 
 \osses of every organ, and produce their increase. 
 — Sennertus. 
 
 CAMBO, MINERAL WATERS OF. A vil- 
 lage in the department of Basses Pyrenees, 
 France, where there are two mineral springs; 
 the one an acidulous chalybeate, the other sul- 
 phureous. Temperature, 62° to 69° Fahrenheit. 
 CAMBODIA, Cambogia. 
 
 CAMBO'GIA, from Cambodia, in the East In- 
 dies, where it is obtained. Hence, likewise, its 
 names Cambo'dia, Cambo'gittm, Oambo'gia, Gam- 
 
 bo'gium, Gambu'gium. It is called, also, G-utta, 
 Gutta gamba, Gummi Gutta, Catagau'na, Catta- 
 gau'ma, Chrysopus, Laxati'vus Ind'icus, Gummi 
 Bo'gia. G. gaman'dra, G. de Goa, G. de Jemu, 
 Chitta jemoco, Gutta Gaman'drcg, Gummi ad Pod' - 
 agram, Gamboge or Gamboge, &c., (F.) Gomme 
 Gutte. Ord. Guttiferse. A yellow juice obtained 
 from Hebradendron CambogioVdes, and other 
 plants of the natural family Guttiferse, but it is 
 not known from which of them the officinal cam- 
 boge is obtained. It is inodorous, of an orange 
 yellow colour; opake and brittle; fracture, 
 glassy; is a drastic cathartic, emetic and anthel- 
 mintic ; and is used in visceral obstructions and 
 dropsy, and wherever powerful hydragogue ca- 
 thartics are required. Dose from gr. ij to vi, in 
 powder, united with calomel, squill, <fcc. 
 
 Cambogia Gutta, Garcinia cambogia. 
 
 CAMBU'CA, Cambuc'ca membra'ta. Buboes 
 and venereal ulcers, seated in the groin or near 
 the genital organs. — Paracelsus. See Bubo. 
 
 OAMELEE, Cneorum trieoccum. 
 
 CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix, Vault — c. Cordis, 
 Pericardium — c. Oculi, Chamber of the eye. 
 
 CAMERATIO, Camarosis. 
 
 CAMFOROSMA, Camphorosma. 
 
 CAMINGA, Canella alba. 
 
 CAMISIA FCETUS, Chorion. 
 
 CAMISOLE, Waistcoat, strait. 
 
 CAMMARUS, Crab. 
 
 0A3WMILLE FETIDE, Anthemis cotula — 
 e. Puante, Anthemis cotula — c. Eomaine, Anthe- 
 mis nobilis— c. des Teintvriers, Anthemis tincto- 
 ria — c. Vidgaire, Matricaria chamomilla. 
 
 CAMOSIERS, WATERS OF. Camosiers is 
 a canton, two leagues from Marseilles, where are 
 two springs containing carbonate of lime, sul- 
 phur, chloride of sodium, &c. They are purga- 
 tive, and used in skin complaints. 
 
 CAMOTES, Convolvulus batatas. 
 
 CAMPAGNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Campagne is in the department of Aude, France. 
 The waters contain sulphate and chlorohydrate 
 of magnesia. Temperature, 80° Fahrenheit. 
 
 CAMPAN'ULA. Diminutive of Campana. A 
 bell. 
 
 Campanula Trache'lium, Canterbury Bell or 
 Throatwort, was formerly used, in decoction, in 
 relaxation of the fauces. It is, also, called Oer- 
 vica^ria. 
 
 CAMPE, Flexion. 
 
 CAMPHIRE, Camphor. 
 
 CAMPHOR, from Arab. Ca'phur or Kam'phur, 
 Cam' phora, Caphnra, Caffa, Caf, Cafur, Capho- 
 ra, Altafor, Camphire, Camphor, (P.) Camphn. 
 A concrete substance, prepared, by distillation, 
 from Laurus Camphora, Per'sea Cam'fora, an 
 indigenous tree of the East Indies. Order, 
 Laurinese. Its odour is strong and fragrant : it 
 is volatile, not easily pulverizable ; texture crys- 
 talline. Soluble in alcohol, ether, oils, vinegar, 
 and slightly so in water. Its properties are nar- 
 cotic, diaphoretic, and sedative. Dose, gr. v. to 
 9j. Dissolved in oil or alcohol, it is applied 
 externally in rheumatic pains, bruises, sprains, &c. 
 
 Camphor Water, Mistura Camphorse. 
 
 CAMPHORA'CEOUS, Camphora' ceus. Rela- 
 ting to or containing camphor; — as a ' campihor- 
 aeeous smell or remedy.' 
 
 CAMPHORATA HIRSUTA et C. MONSPE- 
 LIENSIUM, Camphorosma Monspeliaca. 
 
 CAMPH'ORATED, Camjyhora'tus, (F.) Cam- 
 phre. Relating to camphor; containing cam- 
 phor; as a camphorated smell, a camphorated 
 draught. 
 
 CAMPHOROS'MA MONSPELIACA, C. Pe- 
 ren'nis, trora Camphor, and oajiTi, 'odour.' Sela'go, 
 Camphora' ta hirsu'ta seu Monspelien'sium, Hatty 
 
CAMPHRE 
 
 164 
 
 CANARIES 
 
 Cam.ph.oros' ma, (F.) Campliree de Moiitpellier. 
 Family, Atriplice8&. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mo- 
 nogynia. This plant, as its name imports, has 
 an odour of camphor. It is regarded as diuretic, 
 diaphoretic, cephalic, antispasmodic, &c. It is 
 also called Chamapeu'ce and Stinking Ground 
 Pine. 
 
 Camphorosma PEBEieN'is, C. Monspeliaca. 
 
 CAMPHRE, Camphor. 
 
 CAMPHRE, Camphorated. 
 
 CAMPHRE BE MONTPELLIER, Cam- 
 phorosma Monspeliaca. 
 
 CAMPOMANE'SIA LINEATIFO'LIA. A 
 tree, twenty to thirty feet high, which grows in 
 Peru, and whose fruit — palillo, of a bright yellow 
 colour, and as large as a moderate-sized apple — 
 has an exceedingly agreeable scent, and is one 
 of the ingredients in making the perfumed water 
 called mistura. — Tschudi. 
 
 CAMPSIS, Flex'io, Ciirva'tio, Inflex'io. Bone 
 or cartilage, forcibly bent from its proper shape, 
 without breaking. — Good. 
 
 Campsis Depressio, Depression. 
 
 CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS; from lea^iTruXos, 
 * crooked,' and pa^ig, ' spine.' A monster whose 
 spine is crooked. — Gurlt. 
 
 CAMPYLORRHI'NUS; from Ka^nrvXo;, 
 'crooked,' and piv, 'nose.' A monster whose 
 nose is crooked. — Gurlt. 
 
 CAMPYLOTIS, Cataclasis. 
 
 CAMPYLUM, Cataclasis. 
 
 CAMUS, (F.) Simus, Resi'nms, Simo, Silo, Si- 
 lus. One who has a short, stumpy nose. The 
 French speak of Nez camus, ' short nose.' 
 
 CANADA BURNET, Sanguisorba canadensis. 
 
 CANAL, Cana'Us, Ductus, Mea'tus, Poros, 
 Oeh'etos, (F.) Conduit. A channel for affording 
 j)assage to liquids, or solids, or to certain organs. 
 
 Canal, Alimen'tart, C. Digea'tive, Cana'Us 
 cihafriiia vel digesti'vus. Ductus ciha'rius, Tubus 
 alimenta'ris seu intestino'rum, Diges'tive Tube, 
 AUment'ary Duct or Tube. The canal extending 
 from the mouth to the anus. 
 
 Canal, Abach'noid, Cana'Us Biohat'ii, Canal 
 of Bi chat. A canal formed by the extension of 
 the arachnoid over the transverse and longitudi- 
 nal fissures of the brain, which surrounds the vena 
 magna Galeni. The orifice of the canal has 
 been termed the Foramen of Bichat. 
 
 CANAL ARTERIEL, Arterial duct — c. de 
 EarthoUn, Ductus Bartholiaus — c. of Bichat, 
 Canal, arachnoid — c. Bullular, of Petit, Godronne 
 canal — c. Carotidien, Carotid canal — c. Chole- 
 doque, Choledoch duct — c. Ciliary, Ciliary canal 
 — c. of Cotunnius, Aquseductus vestibuli — c. of 
 Fontana, Ciliary canal — c. Goudronne, Godronne 
 canal — c. Hepatique, Hepatic duct. 
 
 Canal, Hy'aloid. A cylindrical passage, de- 
 scribed by M. J. Cloquet as formed by the reflec- 
 tion of the hyaloid membrane into the interior 
 of the vitreous body around the nutritious artery 
 of the lens. M. Cruveilhier has never been able 
 to see it. 
 
 Canal, Inci'site, see Palatine canals — c. Infra- 
 orbitar, Suborbitar canal — c. Infiexe de I'os tem- 
 jyoral, Carotid canal — c. Intermediare dee ventri- 
 cides, Aqufeductus Sylvii. 
 
 Canal Intes'tinal. Cana'Us seu Ductus intes- 
 tina'Us. The portion of the digestive canal formed 
 by the intestines. 
 
 Canal op Jacobson, Canal, tympanic. 
 
 Canal, Med'ullart. The cylindrical cavity 
 in the body or shaft of a long bone, which con- 
 wins the marrow. 
 
 Canal, Nasal, Lachrymal canal. 
 
 Canal op Nuck. A cylindrical sheath formed 
 around the round ligaments of the uterus by a 
 prolongation of the peritoneum into the inguinal 
 eanal. 
 
 CANAL DE PETIT, Godronni canal— e. 
 Pulmo-aortique, Arterial duct — c. Rachidian, 
 Vertebral canal. 
 
 Canal of Schlemm. A minute circular canal, 
 discovered by Professor Schlemm, of Berlin. It 
 is situate at the point of union of the cornea and 
 sclerotica. 
 
 Canal, Spinal, Vertebral canal— ^c. Spiroule 
 de I'os temporal, Aquseductus Fallopii — c. de Ste- 
 non, Ductus salivalis superior — c. Thoraeiqne, 
 Thoracic duet — c. Yeineux, Canal, venous — c. 
 Vulvo-uterine, Vagina — c. de Warthon, Ductus 
 salivalis inferior. 
 
 Canal, Tym'panic, Cana'Us tympan'ictts. Canal 
 of Ja'cobson. A canal which opens on the lower 
 surface of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone, between the carotid eanal and the groove 
 for the internal jugular vein. It contains Jacob- 
 son's nerve. 
 
 Canal, Venous, Cana'Us seu Ductus veno'sus, 
 (F.) Canal veineux. A canal, which exists only 
 in the foetus. It extends from the bifurcation of 
 the umbilical vein to the vena cava inferior, into 
 which it opens below the diaphragm. At times, 
 it ends in one of the infra-hepatic veins. It pours 
 into the cava a part of the blood, which passes 
 from the placenta by the umbilical vein. After 
 birth, it becomes a fibro-cellular cord. 
 
 Canal op "Wirsung, see Pancreas. 
 
 CANA'LES BRESCHETL Canals in the 
 diploe for the passage of veins ; so called after 
 M. Breschet. 
 
 Canales Circttlares, Semicircular canals — c 
 Cochleag, Scalse of the cochlea — e. Lachrymales, 
 Lachrymal ducts — c. Membranei renum, see Calix 
 — c. Tubasformes, Semicircular canals. 
 
 CANALICULATED, Grooved. 
 
 CANALICULATUS, Cannele, Grooved. 
 
 CANALICULE, Grooved. 
 
 CANALICULI HAVERSIANS Canals, nu- 
 tritive — c. Lachrymales, Lachrymal duets — c. 
 Limacum, Lachrymal ducts — c. Semicirculares, 
 Semicircular canals — c. Vasculosi, Canals, nutri- 
 tive — c. of Bone, see Laeunee of Bone. 
 
 CANALICULUS, diminutive of canalis, 'a 
 channel.' A small channel. See Lacunee of Bone. 
 
 CANALIS, Meatus — c. Arteriosus, Arterial 
 duct — c. Bichatii, Canal, arachnoid — c. Canalicu- 
 latus. Gorget — c. Caroticus, Carotid canal — c. De- 
 ferens, Deferens, vas — c. Eminentise quadrige- 
 minse, Aquseductus Sylvii — c. Intestinomm, In- 
 testinal tube — c. Lachrymalis, Lachrymal or nasal 
 duct — c. Medius, Aquseductus Sylvii — c. MedulljB 
 Spinalis, see Vertebral column — c. Nerveus fistu- 
 losus renum. Ureter — c. Orbitae nasalis, Lachry- 
 mal or nasal duct — c. Scalarum communis, In- 
 fundibulum of the cochlea — c. Semicircularis ho- 
 rizontalis, see Semicircular Canals — c. Semicir- 
 cularis verticalis posterior, see Semicircular Ca- 
 nals — c. Semicircularis verticalis superior, see 
 Semicircular canals — c. Tympanicus, Canal, tym- 
 panic — c. Urinarius, Urethra — c. Vidianus, Pte- 
 rygoid canal. 
 
 CANALS OF HAVERS, Canals, nutritive of 
 bones — c. Haversian, Canals, nutritive, of bones. 
 
 Canals, Nutritive, Canals for the nutrition 
 of bones. Ductus nutrit"ii, Canalic'uU vasculo'si 
 sen Haversia'ni, Haver'sian Canals, Canals of 
 Havers, (F.) Canaux nourriciers ou dn Nutrition 
 des OS, Conduits nourriciers ou nntriciers. The 
 canals through which the vessels pass to the 
 bones. They are lined by a very fine lamina of 
 compact texture, or are formed in the texture 
 itself. There is, generally, one large nutritious 
 canal in a long bone, situate towards its middle. 
 
 CANAPACIA, Artemisia vulsaris. 
 
 CANARIES, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
 of the Canaries greatly resembles that of Ma- 
 deira. That of the latter, however, is more 
 
CAKARIUM COMMUNE 
 
 165 
 
 GANGER 
 
 equable, and the accommodation for invalids 
 much superior. 
 
 CANARIUM COMMUNE, see Amyris elemi- 
 
 CANARY-SEED, Phalaris Canariensis. 
 
 CANAUX AQUEUX, see Aqueous— c. Bemi- 
 drculaires, Semicircular canals — c. Ejaculateurs, 
 Ejaculatory ducts — c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutri- 
 tive — c. de Nutrition des os, Canals, nutritive. 
 
 CANAUX DE TRANSMISSION. Accord- 
 ing to Bichat, the bony canals intended to give 
 passage to vessels and nerves going to parts more 
 or less distant; as the Cana'lis Carot'icus, &c. 
 
 CANAUX VEINEUX, Venous Canals. The 
 canals situate in the diploe, which convey venous 
 •blood. 
 
 CAN'CAMUM. A mixture of several gums 
 and resins, exported from Africa, where it is used 
 to deterge wounds. Dioseorides calls, by the 
 name KayKajiov, the tears from an Arabian tree, 
 which are similar to myrrh, and of a disagreea- 
 ble taste. He advises it in numerous diseases. 
 This name is given, also, to the Anime. 
 
 CANCAMY, Anime. 
 
 CAN'CELLATED, Cancella'tus, (F.) GancelU; 
 from Caneelli, 'lattice-work.' Formed of can- 
 celli, as the ' cancellated structure of bone.' 
 
 CANCEL'LI, 'Lattice-work.' The Cellular 
 or Spongy Texture of Bones, (F.) Tiasu celluleux; 
 consisting of numerous cells, communicating with 
 «ach other. They contain a fatty matter, analo- 
 gous to marrow. This texture is met with, prin- 
 cipally, at the extremities of long bones ; and 
 some of the short bones consist almost wholly of 
 
 it. It allows of the expansion of the extremities 
 of bones, without adding to their weight; and 
 deadens concussions. 
 
 CANCEL'LUS, from cancer, 'a crab.' A spe- 
 cies of crayfish, called the Wrong Heir, and Her- 
 nard the Hermit : which is said to cure rheuma- 
 tism, if rubbed on the part. 
 
 CANCER, ' a crab.' Car'cinos, Lupus cancro'- 
 sus. A disease, so called either on account of the 
 hideous appearance which the ulcerated cancer 
 presents, or on account of the great veins which 
 surround it, and which the ancients compared to 
 the claws of the crab : called also Carcino'ma. 
 It consists of a scirrhous, livid tumour, inter- 
 sected by firm, whitish, divergent bands ; and 
 occurs chiefly in the secernent glands. The 
 pains are acute and lancinating, and often extend 
 to other parts. The tumour, ultimately, termi- 
 nates in a fetid and ichorous ulcer, — Ulcus 
 cansro'sum. It is distinguished, according to its 
 stages, into occult and open; the former being 
 the scirrhous, the latter the ulcerated condition. 
 At times, there is a simple destruction or erosion 
 of the organs, at others, an encephaloid or cere- 
 hriform, and, at others, again, a colloid degene- 
 ration. 
 
 For its production, it requires a peculiar dia- 
 thesis, or cachexia. The following table, from 
 Dr. Walshe, exhibits the characters of the three 
 species of carcinoma : 
 
 The use of irritants in cancerous affections is 
 strongly to be deprecated. When the disease is 
 so situate that excision can be practised, the 
 sooner it is removed the better. 
 
 Encephaloid. 
 
 Resembles lobulated cerebral 
 matter. 
 
 Is commonly opake from its ear- 
 liest formation. 
 
 Is of a dead white colour. 
 
 Contains a multitude of minute 
 vessels. 
 
 Is less hard and dense than scir- 
 rhus. 
 
 Is frequently found in the veins 
 issuing from the diseased mass. 
 
 The predominant microscopical 
 elements are globular, not always 
 distinctly cellular, and caudate cor- 
 puscula. 
 
 Occasionally attains an enor- 
 mous bulk. 
 
 Has been observed in almost 
 every tissue of the body. 
 
 Very commonly co-exists in se- 
 veral parts or organs of the same 
 subject. 
 
 Is remarkable for its occasional 
 vast rapidity of growth. 
 
 Is frequently the seat of insterti- 
 tial hemorrhage and deposition of 
 black or bistre-coloured matter. 
 
 When softened into a pulp, ap- 
 pears as a dead white or pink opake 
 matter of creamy consistence. 
 
 Subcutaneous tumours are slow 
 to contract adhesion with the skin. 
 
 Ulcerated encephaloid is fre- 
 quently the seat of hemorrhage, 
 followed by rapid fungous develop- 
 ment. 
 
 The progress of the disease after 
 ulceration is commonly very rapid. 
 
 It is the most common form un- 
 der which secondary cancer exhi- 
 bits itself 
 
 Is the species of cancer most fre- 
 quently observed in young subjects. 
 
 Scirrhus. 
 
 Resembles rind of bacon tra- 
 versed by cellulo-fibrous septa. 
 
 Has a semi-transparent glossi- 
 ness. 
 
 Has a clear whitish or bluish 
 yellow tint. 
 
 Is comparatively ill-supplied with 
 vessels. 
 
 Is exceedingly firm and dense. 
 
 Has not been distinctly detected 
 in this situation. 
 
 The main microscopical consti- 
 tuents are juxtaposed nuclear cells ; 
 caudate corpuscular do not exist 
 in it. 
 
 Rarely acquires larger dimen- 
 sions than an orange. 
 
 Us seat, as ascertained by obser- 
 vation, is somewhat more limited. 
 
 Is not unusually solitary. 
 
 Ordinarily grows slowly. 
 
 Is comparatively rarely the seat 
 of these changes. 
 
 Resembles, when softened, a yel- 
 lowish brown semitransparent ge- 
 latinous matler. 
 
 Scirrhus thus situate usually be- 
 comes adherent. 
 
 Scirrhous ulcers much less fre- 
 quently give rise to hemorrhage ; 
 and fungous growths (provided 
 they retain the scirrhous charac- 
 ter) are now more slowly and less 
 abundantly developed. 
 
 There is not such a remarkable 
 change in the rate of progress of the 
 disease after ulceration has set in. 
 
 Is much less common before pu- 
 berty. 
 
 Colloid. 
 
 Has the appearance of particles of 
 jelly inlaid in a regular alveolar bed. 
 
 The contained matter is strik- 
 ingly transparent. 
 
 Greenish yellow is its predomi- 
 nant hue. 
 
 Its vessels have not been suffi- 
 ciently examined as yet. 
 
 The jelly-like matter is exceed- 
 ingly soft ; a colloid mass is, how- 
 ever, firm and resisting. 
 
 The pultaceous variety has been 
 detected in the veins. 
 
 Is composed of shells in a state 
 of emboilement. 
 
 Observes a mean in this respect. 
 
 Has so far been seen in a limited 
 number of parts only. 
 
 Has rarely been met with in more 
 than one organ. 
 
 Grows with a medium degree af 
 rapidity, j 
 
 Undergoes no visible change of 
 the kind. 
 
 Has so far been observed in adults 
 only. 
 
CANCER 
 
 166 
 
 CANINE 
 
 Cancer Alteolaeis, Colloid. 
 
 Cancer Aquat'icus, Oan'grenous stomati'tia, 
 Cancnim Oris, Gangrmnop'sis, Canker of the 
 mouth, Gangrenous sore motUh, Sloughing Phage- 
 dw'na of the mouth. Water Canker : called, also, 
 AphthcB serpen' tes, Gangrm'na Oris, Noma, Nome, 
 Nomus, Pseudocarcino'ma la'hii, Stomac'ace gan- 
 grcBHo'sa, Cheiloc' ace, Uloc'ace, Uli'tis sep'tica, 
 Cheilomala' cia, Scorbu'tus Oris, Stomatomala' cia 
 ])u'trida, Stomatosep'sis, Stomatonecro'sis, Car- 
 bun' cuius labio'rum et genu' rum, (P.) Cancer 
 aquatique, Stomatite gangreneuse, S. Charbon- 
 neuse, Gangrene de la Bouche, Sphacele de la 
 Bouche, Fegarite, Aphthe gangreneux. Certain 
 sloughing or gangrenous ulcers of the mouth, — 
 60 called, perhaps, because they are often accom- 
 panied with an afflux of saliva. The disease is 
 not uncommon in children's asylums, and de- 
 mands the same treatment as hospital gangrene ; 
 — the employment of caustics, and internal and 
 external antiseptics. 
 
 CANCER AQUATIQUE, Cancer aquaticus, 
 Stomacace — c. Areolaire, Colloid — c. Astacus, see 
 Cancrorum chelae — c. Black, Melanosis — c. Ca- 
 minariorum. Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c. Cel- 
 lular, Encephaloid — c. Cerebriforme, see Ence- 
 phaloid. 
 
 Cancer, Chimney-sweepers', Sootwart, Can- 
 cer m.undito'ruin. Cancer purgato'ris infumic'idi. 
 Dancer scu carcino'nia scroti. Cancer caminario' - 
 rum, Oscheocarcino'ma, Oschocarcino'ma, (F.) 
 Cancer des Mamoneurs. This affection begins 
 ■with a superficial, painful, irregular ulcer with 
 hard and elevated edges occupying the lower 
 part of the scrotum. Extirpation of the diseased 
 part is the only means of effecting a cure. 
 
 Cancer, Davidson's Remedy for, see Coni- 
 um maculatum — c. du Foie, Hepatosarcomie — c. 
 Fibrous, Scirrhus. 
 
 Cancer Gale'ni, (F.) Cancer de Galien. A 
 bandage for the head, to which Galen gave the 
 name cancer, from its eight heads resembling, 
 rudely, the claws of the crab. It is now sup- 
 plied by the bandage with six chefs or heads, 
 •which is called the Bandage of Galen or B. of 
 the Poor. 
 
 CANCER DE GALIEN, Cancer Galeni— c. 
 Gelatiniform, Colloid — c. Gelatinous, Colloid — e. 
 Hard, Scirrhus — c. Intestinorum, Enteropathia 
 caneerosa — c. des Intestins, Enteropathia eance- 
 rosa — c. of the Lung, Phthisis, cancerous — c. 
 Lupus, Lupus — c. Medullaris, Encephaloid — c. 
 i^^lseneus, Melanosis — c. Melane, Melanosis — c. 
 Melanodes, Cancer, melanotic. 
 
 Cancer, Melanot'ic, Cancer melano' des, Car- 
 cino'ma melano'des. A combination of cancer 
 and melanosis. 
 
 Cancer Mollis, see Encephaloid — e. 3Iou, 
 Encephaloid — c. Munditorum, Cancer, chimney- 
 sweepers' — c. Oculi, Scirrhophthalmus — c. Oris, 
 Stomacace — c. Ossis, Spina ventosa — c. Pharyn- 
 gis et oesophagi, Laemoscirrhus — c. Purgatoris 
 infumiculi. Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c. Scir- 
 rhosus, Scirrhus — c. Scroti, Cancer, chimney- 
 ssreepers' — c. Soft, Hsematodes fungus — c. of the 
 Stomach, Gastrostenosis cardiaca et pylorica — c. 
 Uteri, Metro-carcinoma. 
 
 CANGEREUX, Cancerous. 
 
 CANCER ROOT, Orobanche Virginiana, Phy- 
 tolacca decandra. 
 
 CANCEROMA, Carcinoma. 
 
 CAN'CEROUS, Cancro'sus, Carcino'sm, (F.) 
 CaticSreux. Relating to cancer j as Cancerous 
 %tlcer, Cancerous diathesis, &e. 
 
 CANCHALAGUA, Chironia Chilensis. 
 
 OANCRENA, Gangrene. 
 
 CAN'CROID, Cancro'dea, CancroVdea, Carci- 
 
 no'des, Carcino'ides, Cancro'i'deus, from cancer 
 and uSos, 'form.' That which assumes a can- 
 cerous appearance. Cancroid is a name given 
 to certain cutaneous cancers by Alibert : called 
 also Cheloid or Keloid (x^^^^' ' ^ tortoise,' and 
 siSos, 'likeness,') from their presenting a flattish 
 raised patch of integument, resembling the shell 
 of a tortoise. 
 
 CANCROMA, Carcinoma. 
 
 CANCRO'RUM CHELiE, Oe'ult vel Lap'idea 
 Cancro'rum, Lapil'li eancro'rum, Concremen'ta 
 As'taci fluviat'ilis, Crab's stones or eyes, (F.) 
 Yeux d'Screvise. Concretions found, particu- 
 larly, in the Cancer As' tacus or Cray-fish. They 
 consist of carbonate and phosphate of lime, and 
 possess antacid virtues, but not more than chalk. 
 
 CANCROSUS, Cancerous, Chancreuse. 
 
 CANCRUM ORIS, Cancer Aquaticus, Sto- 
 macace. 
 
 CANDELA, Bougie — c. Fumalis, Pastil — c 
 Medicata, Bougie — c. Regia, Verbascum ni» 
 grum. 
 
 CANDELAPiIA, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 CANDI, Candum, Canthum, Can'tion: 'white, 
 bleached, purified.' Purified and crystallized 
 sugar. See Saccharum. 
 
 CANDIDUM OVI, Albumen ovi. 
 
 CANDYTUFT, BITTER, Iberis amara. 
 
 CANEFLOWER, PURPLE, Echinacea pur- 
 purea. 
 
 CANE, SUGAR, see Saccharum — c. Sweet, 
 Acorus calamus. 
 
 CANELE, Grooved. 
 
 CANELLA, see Canella alba. 
 
 Canel'la Alba, diminutive of Canna, ' a reed/ 
 so called because its bark is rolled up like a reed. 
 Cortex Wintera'ntis spu'rius, Canella Ciiba'na, C. 
 Wintera'nia, Cinnamo'mum album. Cortex Anti- 
 scorhu'ticus, C. Aromat'icus, Costus cortico'sue, 
 Camin'ga, Canella of Linnasus, and of Ph. U. S., 
 Canella Bark, Canella, (F.) Canelle ou Canelle 
 blanche, Fausse Ecorce de Winter, Ecorce Cario- 
 costine. Fam. Magnoliaceae. &ex. Syst. Dode- 
 candria Monogynia. This bark is a pungent 
 aromatic. Its virtues are partly extracted by 
 water; entirely by alcohol. It is a stimulant, 
 and is added to bitters and cathartics. 
 
 Canella Caryophyllata, Myrtus caryophyl- 
 lata — c. Cubana, C. alba, Laurus cassia — c. Mala.- 
 barica et Javensis, Laurus cassia. 
 
 CANELLIFERA MALABARICA, Laurus 
 cassia. 
 
 CANEPIN, (F.) A fine lamb's skin or goat's 
 skin, used for trying the quality of lancets. 
 
 CANICACEOUS, Furfuraceous. 
 
 CAN'IC^. Meal, in which there is much 
 bran. Also, coarse bread ; or bread in which 
 there is much bran — Panis Canica'ceus. 
 
 CANICIDA, Aconitum. 
 
 CANIC'ULA; the Bogstar, from caw's, 'a dog;* 
 Seipios, Sirius, (F.) Canicule. This star, which 
 gives its name to the Dogdays, Dies canicida'rea, 
 because they commence when the sun rises with 
 it, was formerly believed to exert a powerful in- 
 fluence on the animal economy. The Dog-daya 
 occur at a period of the year when there is gene- 
 rally great and oppressive heat, and therefore — 
 it has been conceived — a greater liability to dis- 
 ease. 
 
 CANIF, Knife. 
 
 CANIN, Canine, 
 
 CANINAN^ RADIX, Caincse radix. 
 
 CANINE, Cani'nus, Cyn'icus, kvvikos, from 
 canis, 'a dog.' (F.) Canin. That which has a 
 resemblance to the structure, <fec., of a dog. 
 
 Canine Fossa, Fossa Cani'na, Infra-orbitar or 
 Suborbitar fossa, (F.) Fosse Canine. A small 
 
CANINUS 
 
 167 
 
 CAPBERN 
 
 depression on the superior maxillary bone, above 
 the deiis caninus, which gives attachment to the 
 caniniia or levator anguli oris muscle. 
 
 Canine Laugh, Sardon'ic laugh, Hisus Gani'- 
 nus seu Sardon'icus seu Sardo'nius, H. de Sardo'- 
 nia, li. involunta'riua, R. spas'ticus, Tortu'ra 
 Oris, Distor'sio Oris, Gelas'mus, Sardi'asis, Sar- 
 doni'asis, Trismus Sardon'icus seu ci/n'icus. Spas- 
 mus muscidorum faciei seu cyn'icus, Prosoposj^as'- 
 mus, (F.) Mis canin, R. Sardonique, R. Sardonien, 
 R. moqueur. A sort of laugh, the facial expres- 
 sion of which is produced particularly by the 
 spasmodic contraction of the Caninus muscle. 
 Probably, this expression, as well as Cynic Spasm, 
 Spasmus caninus seu cyn'icus, Convul'sio cani'na, 
 Trismus cyn'icus, may have originated in the re- 
 semblance of the affection to certain movements 
 in the upper lip of the dog. The Risus Sardon'- 
 icus is said to have been so called from similar 
 symptoms having been induced by a kind of Ra- 
 nunculus that grows in Sardinia. 
 
 CANiJfE Teeth, Denies Cani'ni, Cynodon'tes, D. 
 Lania' rii, D. angula'res, cuspida'ti, columella'res, 
 ocula'res, morden'tes, Eye Teeth, (F.) Dents ca- 
 nines, laniaires, angulaires, ocidaires, ceilleres ou 
 cono'ides. The teeth between the lateral incisors 
 and small molares, of each jaw, • — so named be- 
 cause they resemble the teeth of the dog. 
 
 CANINUS, Levator anguli oris — c. Sentis, 
 Rosa canina — c. Spasmus, see Canine Laugh. 
 
 CANIRAM, Strychnos nux vomica. 
 
 CANIRAMINUM, Brucine. 
 
 CANIRUBUS, Rosa canina. 
 
 CANIS INTERFECTOR, Veratrum sababilla 
 — c. Ponticus, Castor fiber. 
 
 CANIT"IES, from canus, 'white.' WJiiteness 
 or grayness of the hair, and especially of that of 
 the head. (F.) Canitie. When occurring in con- 
 sequence of old age, it is not a disease. Some- 
 times, it happens suddenly, and apparently in 
 consequence of severe mental emotion. The 
 causes, however, are not clear. See Poliosis. 
 
 CANKER, Stomacace — c. of the Mouth, Can- 
 cer aquaticus — e. Water, Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 CANNA, see Tous-les-Mois, Cassia fistula. 
 Trachea — c. Brachii, Ulna — c. Domestica cruris. 
 Tibia — e. Fistula, Cassia fistular— c. Indiea, Sa- 
 gittarium alexipharmaeum — c. Major, Tibia — 
 c. Minor, Fibula, Radius — c. Solutiva, Cassia 
 fistula. 
 
 CANNABIN, Bangue. 
 
 CANNAB'INA, from Kavvajii;, 'hemp.' Reme- 
 dies composed of Cannabis Indiea. — Pereira. 
 
 Cannabina Aquatica, Eupatorium cannabinum. 
 
 CANNABIS INDICA, Bangue. See, also, 
 Churrus, and Gunjah. 
 
 Can'nabis Sati'va, (F.) Chanvre, Chambrie. 
 The seed of this — Hempseed, Sem'ina Can'nabis, 
 (F.) Chenevis, is oily and mucilaginous. The 
 decoction is sometimes used in gonorrhoea. 
 
 CANNACORUS RADICE CROCEA, Curcu- 
 ma longa. 
 
 GANNA3IELLE, see Saecharum. 
 
 CANNE AROMATIQUE, Acorus calamus— 
 c. Congo, Costus — c. de Riviere, Costus — c. d 
 Sucre, see Saecharum. 
 
 CANNEBERGE, Vaccinium oxycoccos — c. 
 Ponctu&e, Vaccinium vitis ideea. 
 
 CANNE LE ou CANELE, (F.) from canali^, 
 'a canal:' Sidca'tiis, Stria' tiis, Canalicula'tus. 
 Having a canal or groove — as Muscle cannele 
 (Lieutaud,) the Gemini; Corps canneles ou stries, 
 the Corpora striata; Sonde cannelee, a grooved 
 sound, &c. See Grooved. 
 
 GANNELLE, Laurus cinnamomum — c. 
 Blanche, Canella alba — c. de la Chine, Laurus 
 cassia — c. de Coromandel, Laurus cassia — c. 
 Fausse, Laurus cassia — c. Girojiee, Myrtus cary- 
 
 ophyllata — c. t?es 7ncZe«, Laurus cassia — c. deJava, 
 Laurus cassia — e. de Malabar, Laurus cassia — c. 
 Matte, Laurus cassia — c. Officinale, Laurus cin- 
 namomum — c. Poioree, see \^'intera aromatica. 
 
 CANNULA, Canula. 
 
 CANNULA PULMONUM, Bronchia. 
 
 CANOPUM, see Sambueus. 
 
 CANOR STETHOSCOPICUS, Tintement mi~ 
 tallique. 
 
 CANTABRICA, Convolvulus Cantabrica. 
 
 CANTABRUNO, Furfur. 
 
 CANTARELLUS, Meloe proscarabaeus. 
 
 CANTATIO, Charm. 
 
 CANTERBURY, WATERS OF, Aqum Can- 
 tuarien'ses. The waters of Canterbury in Kent, 
 England, are impregnated with iron, sulphur, and 
 carbonic acid. 
 
 CANTERIUM, Cantherius. , 
 
 CANTHARIDE T ACHE TEE, Lytta vittata. 
 
 CANTHARIDINE, see Cantharis. 
 
 CAN'THARIS, from (cav^apoj, ' s, scarabaus ;' 
 Miisca Hispan'ica, Mel'oe vesicato'rius, Cantharis 
 vesicato'ria, Lytta vesicato'ria. Blistering Fly, 
 Blisterfly, Bli'sterbeeile, SjMnish Fly, Fly, (E.) 
 Gantharides, Jlouches, M. d'Esjiagne. This fly 
 is much employed in medicine. It is the most 
 common vesicatory. Given internally, and even 
 when absorbed from the skin, it affects the uri- 
 nary organs, exciting strangury. This maj'' be 
 prevented, in cases of blisters, by interposing be- 
 tween the blistering plaster and skin a piece of 
 tissue paper. Diluents relieve the strangury. 
 Dose, half a grain to one grain. If kept dry, the 
 flies will retain their activity for many years. 
 Their active principle. Can' thai-id in, Gantharidi' - 
 na, has been separated from them. 
 
 Cantharis Vittata, Lytta vittata. 
 
 CANTHE'RIUS, Cante'rium. The cross-piece 
 of wood in the apparatus used by Hippocrates for 
 reducing luxations of the humerus. 
 
 CANTHI'TIS. Inflammation of the canthus 
 of the eye. _ 
 
 CANTHOPLAS'TICE, from »cav5o?, 'the angle 
 of the eye,' and TrXao-riKOf, 'formative.' The 
 formation, by plastic operation, of the angle of 
 the eye. 
 
 CANTHUM, Candi. 
 
 CANTHUS, Epican'this, An'gulus ocula'ris, 
 Fons lachryma'rum. The corner or angle of the 
 eye. The greater canthtis is the inner angle, 
 Hircus, Hir'quus, Rhanter ; the lesser caiithue, 
 the outer anc/le, Paro'pia, Pega. 
 
 CANTIA'NUS PULVIS. A cordial powder, 
 known under the name ' Countess of Kent's pow- 
 der,' composed of coral, amber, crab's eyes, pre- 
 pared pearls, &c. It was given in cancer. 
 
 CANTION, Candi. 
 
 CAN'ULA, Gan'nula, Aii'liscus, Avlos. Di- 
 minutive of Canna, 'a reed;' Tu'bvlus, (F.) 
 Canule ou Gannule. A small tube of gold, silver, 
 platinum, iron, lead, wood, elastic gum, or gutta 
 percha, used for various purposes in surgery. 
 
 CA'OUTCHOUC. The Indian name for In- 
 dian Rubber, Elas'tic Gum, Gum Elastic, Gummi 
 elas'ticum, Cauchuc, Resi'na elas'tica seu Cayen- 
 nen'sis, Cayenne Resin, Cautchvc. A substance 
 formed from the milky juice of Hce'vea seu Hevea 
 Guianen'sis, Jat'ropha elas'tica seu Sipho'nia 
 Cahuchu, S. elas'tica, Fictis Indiea, a,nd Artoear'- 
 pns integrifo'lia: — South American trees. It is 
 insoluble in water and alcohol; but boiling water 
 softens and swells it. It is soluble in the es- 
 sential oils and in eth<-r, when it may be blown 
 into bladders. It is used in the fabrication of 
 catheters, bougies, pessaries, (fee. 
 
 CAP, PITCH, see Depilatory. 
 
 CAPA-ISIAKKA : ^romelia ananas. 
 
 CAPBERN, WATERS OF. ^apborn la in 
 
CAPELET 
 
 168 
 
 CAPSICUM 
 
 the department Hautes-Pyren^es, Frame. The 
 waters contain sulphates and carbonates of lime 
 and magnesia, and chloride of magnesium. Tem- 
 perature, 75° Fahrenheit. They are purgative. 
 
 CAPELET, Myrtus caryophyllata. 
 
 CAPELI'NA, Capelli'na, (F.) C'apeline ,- A 
 Vr'oinan'a Hat, mFrench.; Capis'trum, from caput, 
 ' head.' A sort of bandage, which, in shape, re- 
 st'inbles a riding-hood. There are several kinds 
 of Capelinea. 1. That of the head, C. de la tete, 
 Fan'cia capita'lis. See Bonnet d'Hippocrate. G. 
 of the clavicle, employed in fractures of the acro- 
 mion, clavicle and spine of the scapula. C. of an 
 amputated limb — the bandage applied round the 
 stump. 
 
 CAPELLINA, Capelina. 
 
 CAPER BUSH, Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPER PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris. 
 
 CAPERS, see Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPETUS, Imperforation. 
 
 CAPHORA, Camphor. 
 
 CAPHURA, Camphor. 
 
 CAP ILL AIRE, Capillary, see Adiantum 
 eapillus veneris — c. du Canada, Adiantum pe- 
 datum — c. de Montpellier, Adiantum capUlus 
 veneris. 
 
 CAPILLAMEN'TUM, from Oapillm, 'a. hair,' 
 Capillit"inm, Tricho'ma, Trichoma' tion. Any 
 villous or hairy covering. Also, a small fibre or 
 fibril. 
 
 CAP'ILLART, Capilla'ris, Capilla'ceus, from 
 eapillus, 'a hair.' (F.) Capillaire. Hair-Uke; 
 small. 
 
 Cap'illary Vessels, Yaaa capilla'ria, (F.) 
 Vaisseaux capillaires, are the extreme radicles 
 of the arteries and veins, which together consti- 
 tute the capillary, intermediate, or peripheral 
 vascular system, — the methcB'mata or methcemat- 
 ous blood channels of Dr. Marshall Hall. They 
 possess an action distinct from that of the heart. 
 
 CAPILLATIO, Trichismus. 
 
 CAPILLATUS, Impuber. 
 
 CAPILLITIUM, Capillamentum, Entropion, 
 Scalp. 
 
 CAPILLORUM DEFLUVIUM, Alopecia. 
 
 CAPIL'LUS, qusi%i Capitis Pilus, Coma, Chate, 
 Crinis, Pilv-s, Thrix, Ccesa'ries, (F.) Cheveu. 
 This term is generally applied to the hair of the 
 head, Pili seu Honor cap'itis, the characters of 
 which vary, according to races, individuals, Ac. 
 Hairs arise in the areolar membrane, where the 
 bulb is placed, and are composed of two parts— 
 one, external, tubular, and transparent, of an 
 epidermoid character; the other, internal and 
 sui generis, which communicates to them their 
 colour. The hair is insensible, and grows from 
 the root. 
 
 Capilltjs Veneris, Adiantum eapillus veneris 
 — c. V. Canadensis, Adiantum pedatum. 
 
 CAPIPLE'NIUM, Capitiple'nium, from caput, 
 'the head,' and plenum, 'full.' A word, employed 
 with different significations. A variety of catarrh. 
 — Schneider. A heaviness or disorder in the 
 head common at Rome, like the KaptjPapta, Care- 
 hnria, of the Greeks. — Baglivi. 
 
 CAPISTRATIO, Phimosis. 
 
 CAPISTRUM, Capeline, Chevestre, Trismus— 
 c. Auri, Borax. 
 
 Capis'trum, Phimos, Cemos, Krjiio;, ' a halter.' 
 This name has been given to several bandages 
 for the head. — See Capeline, Chevestre. 
 
 CAPITALTA REMEDIA, Cephalic remedies. 
 
 CAPITALIS, Cephalic. 
 
 CAPITELLUM, Alembic, see Caput. 
 
 CAPITEUX. Heady. 
 
 CAPITTLU'VIUM, from caput, 'the head,' 
 wd lavare, 'to wash.' A bath for the head. 
 
 CAPITIPLENIUM, Capiplenium. 
 
 CAPITIPURGIA, Caput purgia. 
 
 CAPITITRAHA, {rom caput, 'the head,' and 
 trahere, 'to draw.' Instruments which, like the 
 forceps, draw down the head of the foetus when 
 impacted in the pelvis. 
 
 CAPITO'NES, from captit, 'the head.' lAa- 
 crocepjh'ali, Proeeph'ali. Foetuses whose heads 
 are so large as to render labour difficult. 
 
 CAPITULUM, Alembic, Condyle, see Caput— 
 c. Costse, see Costa — c. Laryngis, Corniculum 
 laryngis — c. Martis, Eryngium campestre — c. 
 Santorini, Corniculum laryngis. 
 
 CAPITULUVIUM, Bath, (head.) 
 
 CAPNISMOS, Fumigation. 
 
 CAPNITIS, Tutia. 
 
 CAPNOIDES CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 
 CAPNORCHIS, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 
 CAPNOS, Fumaria. 
 
 CAPON, Carjot. 
 
 CAPON SPRINGS. A pleasant summer re- 
 treat, situated in a gorge of the North Mountain, 
 in Hampshire co., Va., 2.3 miles W. of "Winchester 
 The waters in the vicinity are sulphurous and 
 chalybeate; — those at the springs alkaline and 
 diuretic. 
 
 CAPOT, Car/of. 
 
 CAP'PARIS SPINO'SA, Cap'paris, Cappar, 
 Ca'pria, Prickly Caper Bush, (F.) Cdprier. Pa- 
 mily, Capparideae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mono- 
 gynia. The bark of the root, and the buds, 
 have been esteemed astringent and diuretic. 
 The buds are a well known pickle. — Capers, (F.) 
 Cdjjres. 
 
 Capparis Badttc'ca, Baduh'ka. A species of 
 caper, cultivated in India on account of the 
 beauty of its flowers. The Orientals make a 
 liniment with its juice, with which they rub 
 pained parts. The flowers are purgative. 
 
 CAPPONE, WATERS OF. At Cappone, in 
 the isle of Ischia, are waters containing carbonate 
 of soda, chloride of sodium and carbonate of lime. 
 Temp. 100° Fah. 
 
 CAPREOLA'RIS, from capreolus, <a tendril.' 
 Cisso'idea, Elicoides, (F.) Capreolaire. Twisted. 
 
 Capreola'eia Vasa. Some have called thus 
 the spermatic arteries and veins, on account of 
 their numerous contortions. 
 
 CAPREOLUS, Helix. 
 
 CAPRES, see Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPRIA, Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPRICORNUS, Plumbum. 
 
 CARRIER, Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPRIFOLIA. Lonicera periclymenum. 
 
 CAPRIFOLIUM DISTINCTUM, Lonicera 
 periclymenum — c. Periclymenum, Lonicera peri- 
 clymenum — c. Sylvaticum, Lonicera pericly- 
 menum. 
 
 CAPRILOQUIUM, Egophony. 
 
 CAPRIZANS PULSUS, see Pulse, caprizant. 
 
 CAPSA, Boite, Capsule, Case — c. Cordis, Peri- 
 cardium. 
 
 CAPSARIUM, Rottier. 
 
 CAPSELLA BURSA PASTORIS, Thlaspi 
 bursa. 
 
 CAPSICUM, see Capsicum annuum. 
 
 Cap'sicum AN'jfuujf, from Kairru), 'I bite.' The 
 systematic name of the plant whence Cayenne 
 Pepper is obtained, — Piper In'dicum seu His- 
 pnn'icum, Sola'num urens, Siliqnas'trum Plin'ii, 
 Piper Brazilia'num, Piper Guineen'se, Piper Ca- 
 lecu'ticum, Piper Tur'cicum, C. Hispnn'icum, Pi- 
 per Lnsitnn'icnm, Car/enne Pepper, Guin'ea Pep- 
 pier, (F.) Piment, Poiire d' hide, Poivre de Guinee, 
 Coroil des Jardins. The pungent, aromatic pro- 
 perties of BacccB Capsici, Capsicum Berries, Cap. 
 sic.um (Ph. U. S.), are yielded to ether, alcohol, 
 and water. They are highly stimulant and rube- 
 
GAPSIQUE 
 
 169 
 
 CARBO 
 
 facient, and are used as a condiment. Their ac- 
 tive principle is called Gapsicin. 
 
 Capsicum Hispanicum, Capsicum annuum. 
 
 CAPSIQ UE, Capsicum annuum. 
 
 CAPSITIS, see Phacitis. 
 
 C APSULA, -Bot^i'er — c. Articularis, Capsular 
 ligament — c. Cordis, Pericardium — c. Dentis. 
 Dental follicle — c. Lentis, see Crystalline — c. 
 Nervoi-um, Neurilemma. 
 
 CAPSULE SEMINALES, Vesiculae S. — c. 
 Synoviales, Bursas mucosfe. 
 
 CAP SUL AIRE, Capsular. 
 
 CAP'SULAR, Capsula'Ha, (F.) Capsulaire. 
 Relating to a capsula or capsule. 
 
 Capsular Arteries, Suprare' nal Arteries and 
 Veins. Vessels belonging to the suprarenal cap- 
 sules. They are divided into superior, middle, 
 and inferior. The first proceed from the inferior 
 phrenic, the second from the aorta, and the third 
 from the renal artery. The corresponding veins 
 enter the phrenic, vena cava, and renal. 
 
 Capsular Lig'AMENT, Ligamen'tum capsula're, 
 Cap'sula articula'ris, Artio'ular capsule, Fibrous 
 capsule, (F.) Ligament capsulaire, Capsule arti- 
 culaire, Capsule fihreux, &c. Membranous, 
 fibrous, and elastic bags or capsules, of a whitish 
 consistence, thick, and resisting, which surround 
 joints. 
 
 CAPSULE, Cap'sula, Ca2}sa, a box, or case, 
 (F.) Capsule. This name has been given, by 
 anatomists, to parts bearing no analogy to each 
 other. 
 
 Capsule, Cellular, of the Eye, see Eye. 
 
 Capsule, Fibrous, Capsular ligament. 
 
 Capsule, Gelat'ixous, Cap'sula gelat'incB, 
 Capsule of gelatin. A modern invention by 
 which copaiba and other disagreeable oils can 
 be enveloped in gelatin so as to conceal their 
 taste. 
 
 Capsule op Glisson, Cap'sula Glisso'nti, C. 
 commu'nis Glisso'nii, Vagi'na Partes, V. Glis- 
 so'nii. a sort of membrane, described by Glis- 
 son, which is nothing more than dense areolar 
 membrane surrounding the vena porta and its 
 ramifications in the liver. 
 
 Capsule of the Heart, Cap'sula cordis. The 
 pericardium. 
 
 Capsule, Ocular, see Eye. 
 
 Capsule, Rexal, Suprare'nal or AtrahiV- 
 iary C, Penal Gland, Olan'dula suprarena'lis, 
 Cap'sula rena'lis, suprarena'lis vel atrabilia'ris, 
 Ben suc-centuria'tus, Nephrid'ium, (F.) Capsule 
 surrenale ou atrahiliaire. A flat, triangular body, 
 which covers the upper part of the kidney, as 
 with a helmet. A hollow cavity in the interior 
 contains a brown, reddish or yellowish fluid. The 
 renal capsules were long supposed to be the secre- 
 tory organs of the fancied atrabilis. They are 
 much larger in the foetus than in the adult. 
 They are probably concerned in lymphosis. 
 
 Capsule, Sem'inal, Cap'sula semina'lis. Bar- 
 THOLINE thus designates the extremity of the vas 
 deferens, which is sensibly dUated in the vicinity 
 of the vesicultB seminales. Some anatomists ap- 
 ply this name to the vesiculae themselves. 
 
 Capsule, Syno'vial, Capsula Synovia'lis. A 
 membranous bag, surrounding the movable arti- 
 culations and canals, which gives passage to ten- 
 dons. Synovial capsules exhale, from their arti- 
 cular surface, a fluid, whose function is to favour 
 the motions of parts upon each other. See Bursa 
 mucosa, and Synovia. _, 
 
 CAPSULE SURRENALE ou ATRA- 
 BILIARE, Capsule, renal. 
 
 CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis. 
 
 CAPUCHON, Trapezius. 
 
 CAPUCINE, Tropfflolum majus. 
 
 CAPULIES, Prunus capulin. 
 
 CAPULUS, Scrotum. 
 
 CAPUT, ' the head.' Also, the top of a bono 
 or other part, (F.) Tete. The head of small 
 bones is sometimes termed capit'ulum, capitell'umy 
 cephalid'ium, cep/h'ulis, ceplial'ium. Also, the 
 glans penis. 
 
 Caput Asperse Arteri^, Larynx — c. Coli, 
 Ca3cum — c. Gallinaceum, see Gallinaginis caput 
 — c. Gallinaginis, see Gallinaginis caput — c. Ge- 
 nitale, Glans — c. Lubricum, Penis — c. Monachi, 
 Leontodon Taraxacum — c. Obstipum, Torticollis 
 — c. Penis, Glane. 
 
 Caput Pur'gia, Capitipur' gia. Remedies, 
 which the ancients regarded as proper for purg- 
 ing the head : — errhines, sternutatories, apophleg- 
 matisantia, &c. Prosper Alpinus makes the ca/iiit 
 purgia to be the same as errhines ; and the apo- 
 pJilegmatismi the same as the masticatories of 
 the moderns. 
 
 Caput Scapula, Acromion. 
 
 Caput Succeda'neum. A term sometimes used 
 for the tumefied scalp, which first presents in cer- 
 tain cases of labour. 
 
 Caput Testis, Epididymis. 
 
 CA QUE -SANG UE, Cagne-sangtte. Old 
 French words which signify Bloody evacuations, 
 (F.) Dejections sanguinolentes. They come from 
 cacarc, 'to go to stool,' anisanguis, 'blood.' Un- 
 der this term was comprehended every affection, 
 in which blood is discharged from the bowels. 
 
 CARA SCHULLI, Frutex In'dicus spino'sn^, 
 Barle'ria huxifo'lia. A Malabar plant, which, 
 when applied externally, is maturative and resol- 
 vent. The decoction of its root is used, in the 
 country, in ischuria. 
 
 CARABAC'CIUM. An aromatic wood of In- 
 dia, of a yellowish colour, and a smell like that 
 of the clove. Its decoction and infusion are 
 given as stomachics and antiscorbutics. 
 
 CAR'ABUS. A genus of coleopterous insects. 
 Two species, the chrysoceph'alus and ferrugin'eus, 
 have been recommended for the toothach. They 
 must be pressed between the fingers, and then 
 rubbed on the gum and tooth afi"ected. 
 
 CARACTERE, Character, Symbol. 
 
 CARAGNA, Caranna. 
 
 CARAMATA, Arumari. A tree in the inland 
 parts of Pomeroon. It furnishes a febrifuge bark, 
 which Dr. Hancock says may be used in typhoid 
 and remittent fevers where cinchona is either 
 useless or pernicious. 
 
 CARAMBOLO, Averrhoa earambola. 
 
 CARAN'NA, Caragna, Tacamahaca, Caragna, 
 Caran'na Gummi, G. Brel'isis, Gum Caran'na, 
 (F.) Caragne, Gomme Caragne ou Carane. A 
 gum-resinous substance, which flows from a large 
 tree in New Spain, and is obtained from South 
 America in impure masses. It preserves its soft- 
 ness for a long time, has an aromatic smell, and 
 a slightly acrid and bitter taste. It was formerly 
 used as a vulnerary and in plasters. 
 
 CARAWAY, Carum. 
 
 CARBASA, Linteum. 
 
 CARBASUS, Linteum. * 
 
 CARBO, Carho Ligni, Charcoal, (F.) Charhon. 
 Fresh Charcoal is antiseptic. It is used to im- 
 prove the digestive organs in cases of worms, 
 dyspepsia, &c. ; as a cataplasm to gangrenous 
 and fetid ulcers, tinea, <fcc., and forms a good 
 tooth-powder. Dose, gr. x to ^j. Also, Anthrax. 
 
 Carbo Anima'lis, Carho carnis. Animal char- 
 coal, (F.) Charhon animal. In the Pharmaco- 
 poeia of the United States, it is directed to be 
 prepared from bones. It is given in the same 
 cases as Carho Ligni, and has been extolled in 
 cancer. Dose, gr. ss. to gr. iij. 
 
 The Pharmacopoeia of the United States 3on 
 
©ARBON 
 
 170 
 
 CARDIA 
 
 tains a formula for the preparation of Carbo 
 Aniiia'lis Purifica'tus, Pur'ified animal char- 
 cf/al (Carbon, animal, ibj ; Acid muriat., AqiitF 
 aa f^xij.) Pour the muriatic acid, previously 
 mixed with the water, gradually upon the char- 
 coal, and digest with a gentle heat for two days, 
 occasionally stirring the mixture. Having al- 
 lowed the undissolved portion to subside, pour 
 off the supernatant liquor, wash the charcoal fre- 
 quently with water until it is entirely free from 
 acid, and lastly dry it. 
 
 Cahbo Fos'silis, Lithanthrax, Stone coal. 
 
 Carbo Huma'num. The human excrement. — 
 Paracelsus. 
 
 Carro Ligni, Carbo — e. Mineralis, Graphites 
 ■ — 0. Palpebrarum, Anthracosis — c. Spongias, 
 Spongia usta. 
 
 CARBON, SESQUI-IODIDE OF, Carbonis 
 sesqui-iodidum — e. Bisulphuret of, Carbonis sul- 
 phuretum — c. Sulphuret of, Carbonis sulphuretum 
 c. Terchloride of. Chloroform. 
 
 CAR'BONAS or CARBO'NAS. A carhonate. 
 (F.) Carhonate. A salt, formed by the combina- 
 tion of carbonic acid with a salifiable base. 
 
 Carbonas Natrictjm, Sodfe carbonas. 
 
 CAB BO NATE D' AMMONIA QUE, Ammo- 
 nise carbonas. 
 
 CAR'BONATED, Carhona'tus, Aera'his, (F.) 
 Carbone, Aire. That which is impregnated with 
 carbonic acid. 
 
 CABBONE, Carbonated. 
 
 CARBONEUM CHLORATUM, Chloroform. 
 
 CARBON'IC ACID, Ac"idxim Carbon' icnm, 
 Solid Air of Hales, Factitious Air, Fixed Air, 
 Carbona'ceoua Acid, Calca'reoiis Acid, Aerial 
 Acid, Mephit'ic Acid, Spir'itiis letha'lis, (F.) 
 Acide Carboniqite. This gas, which neither sup- 
 ports respiration nor combustion, is not often 
 used in medicine. It is the main agent in efifer- 
 vesoent draughts, fermenting poultices, &o. It 
 is often found ocenpying the lower parts of mines 
 — when it is called the choke damp — caverns, 
 tombs, wells, brewers' vats, &c., and not unfre- 
 quently has been the cause of death. Lime 
 thrown into such places soon absorbs the acid. 
 
 CARBO'NIS SESQUI-IOD'IDUM, C.Sesqid- 
 lodure'tum, Sesqiti-I' odide or Sesqiii-Iod'uret of 
 Carbon. This is made by mixing concentrated 
 alcoholic solutions of iodine and potassa, until 
 the former loses its colour j a solution is obtained 
 from which water throws down a yellow precipi- 
 tate — the sesqui-iodide of carbon. It has been 
 used in enlarged glands and in some cutaneous 
 affections, applied externally, (^ss to ^vj of 
 cerate.) 
 
 Carbo'nis Sulphure'tum, Stdiihure'tum Car- 
 ho'nii, Sul'fidum, Carbo'nii, Carbo'niiim Sulphu- 
 ra'tnm, AVcohol Sid'phuris, Biaidphure' turn Car- 
 ho'nii, Sulphuret of Carbon, Bisidphuret of Car- 
 t}on, Cq.rburet of Sulphur, (F.) Sidfure de Carbon. 
 This transparent, colourless fluid, which has a 
 very penetrating, disagreeable odour, and a taste 
 vvhich is cooling at first, but afterwards acrid and 
 somewhat aromatic, is a diffusible excitant. It 
 is diaphoretic, diuretic, and has been said to have 
 proved emmenagogue. It is also used in nervous 
 diseases as an antispasmodic. Dose, one drop to 
 four, repeated frequently. 
 
 It is used externally, where a cooling influence 
 has to be rapidly exerted, and has been inhaled 
 as an anassthetic. 
 
 CARBONIUM SULPHURATUM, Carbonis 
 salphuretum. 
 
 CARBUNCLE, Anthrax — c. Fungous, Ter- 
 juiinthus — c. of the Tongue, Glossanthrax — c. 
 Berry, Termlnthus. 
 
 CARBUNCLED FACE. Gutta rosea. 
 
 OARBUNCULAR BXANTHEM, Anthracia. 
 
 CARBUNCULATIO OCULI, Blepharanthra- 
 cosis. 
 
 CARBUNCULUS, Anthrax — c. Anginosus, 
 Cynanche maligna — c. Contagiosus, see Anthrax 
 — c. Gallicus, see Anthrax — e. Hungaricus, see 
 Anthrax — c. Labiorum et genarum, Cancer aqua- 
 ticus — c. Polonicus, see Anthrax^ — c. Pulmonum, 
 Necropneumonia — c. Septentrionalis, see Anthrax. 
 
 Caebun'ctjlus Rubi'ntjs. a red, shining, and 
 transparent stone, from the Isle of Ceylon ; for- 
 merly employed in medicine as a preservative 
 against several poisons, the plague, &c. 
 
 Caebunculus Ulcusculosus, Cynanche ma- 
 ligna. 
 
 CAR'CAROS, from KapKatpm, ' I resound,' ' I 
 tremble.' A fever, in which the patient has a 
 general tremor, accompanied with an unceasing 
 noise in the ears. 
 
 CARCINODES, Cancroid, Chancreuae. 
 
 CARCINOIDES, Cancroid. 
 
 CARCINO'MA, Cancero'ma, Cancro'ma, from 
 KapKivog, 'a crab.' Some authors have thus called 
 indolent tumours different from cancer; others, 
 incipient cancer ,• and others, again, the species 
 of cancer in which the affected structure assumes 
 the appearance of cerebral substance; but the 
 majority of authors use Carcinoma in the same 
 sense as Cancer. 
 
 Carcinojia Alveolaee, Colloid — c. Fibrosum, 
 Scirrhus — c. Hsematodes, Hsematodes fungus — c. 
 Intestinorum, Enteropathia cancerosa — c. Lin- 
 gua3, Glossocarcinoma — c. of the Liver, Hepato- 
 scirrhus — e. Medullare, Encephaloid — c. Mela- 
 nodes, Cancer, melanotic — c. Melanoticum, Me- 
 lanosis — c. Simplex, Scirrhus — c. Spongiosum, 
 Encephaloid, Hajmatodes fungus — c. Scroti, Can- 
 cer, chimney-sweepers' — c. Uteri, Metroearcino- 
 ma. Metroscirrhus — c. Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus; 
 see Gastrostenosis cardiaca et pylorica. 
 
 CARCINOM'ATOUS. Relating to Cancer. 
 
 CABCIN03IE MOU ET SPONGIEUX, En- 
 cephaloid — c. Sanglant, Encephaloid, Haema- 
 matodes fungus. 
 
 CARCINOS, Cancer. 
 
 CARCINO'SES, (G.) Karsinosen, from Kap- 
 Kivog, ' a crab.' A family of diseases, according 
 to the classification of Fuchs ; which embraces 
 the different forms of Cancer. 
 
 CARCINOSUS, Cancerous. 
 
 CARCINUS SPONGIOSUS, Encephaloid. 
 
 CARDAMANTICA, Cardamine pratensis, Le- 
 pidium Iberis. 
 
 CARDAMINDUM MAJUS, Tropffiolura 
 majua. 
 
 CARDAMINE FONTANA, Sisymbrium nas- 
 turtium — c. Nasturtium, Sisymbrium nasturtium, 
 
 Cardami'ne Praten'sis, Cardami'ne, Cai-da- 
 inan'tica, Nastur'tivm Aquat'icum, Car'damon, 
 Cidi fos, Ibe'ris soph'ia, Nastur'tium praten'se, 
 Ladies-smoch, Cuchoo-flower, Common Bitter 
 Cress, (F.) Cresson eler/ant, Cresson des pres, Pas- 
 serage sauvage. Ord. Cruciferre. Tlie flowers 
 have been considered useful as antispasmodics, 
 in the dose of ^j to ^ij. They are probably, 
 inert. 
 
 CARDAMOM, LESSER, Amomum cardamo- 
 mum. 
 
 CABBAMOME, Amomum cardamomum — c. 
 de la Cote de Malabar, Amomum cardamomum. 
 
 CARDAMOMUM MAJUS, Amomum grana 
 paradisi — c. Minus, Amomum cardamomum — 
 c. Piperatum, Amomum grana paradisi — c. Wild, 
 Fagarnstrum Capense. 
 
 CAIIDAMON, Cardamine pratensis. 
 
 CARDA^MUM MAJUS, Tropa;ohim majus. 
 
 CABDEBE, Dipsacus sylvestris — c. Cultivf, 
 Dipsaeus fuUouum. 
 
 CARDIA, Kapiia, 'the heart.' Stom'achue, 
 
CARDIAC 
 
 171 
 
 CARDIOSTENOSIS 
 
 OriJic"ium sinxs'trum seu Ingres'sus supe'rior 
 ventric'uli. The superior or oesophageal orifice 
 of the stomach, — Orific"ium ventric'uli sinia'- 
 trum. Also, the Heart. 
 
 CAR'DIAC, Cardi'acus, from KapSia, 'the 
 heart;' or the upper orifice of the stomach. (F.) 
 Cardiaque. Relating to the heart or to the upper 
 orifice of the stomach. A cordial. 
 
 Cardiac Ar'teries, Cor'onary arteries, (F.) 
 Arteres cardiaques ou coronaires, are two in 
 number. They arise from the aorta, a little above 
 the free edge of the sigmoid valves, and are dis- 
 tributed on both surfaces of the heart. 
 
 Car'diac Gan'glion, Gaii'glion cardi'aexim, 
 situated beneath the arch of the aorta to the 
 right side of the ligament of the ductus arteriosus. 
 It receives the superior cardiac nerves of opposite 
 sides of the neck, and a branch from the pneu- 
 mogastrie, and gives off numerous branches to 
 the cardiac plexuses. 
 
 Cardiac Nerves, (F.) Nerfs cm-diaques. These 
 are commonly three on each side ; a superior, 
 middle and inferior, which are furnished by cor- 
 responding cervical ganglia. Commonly, there 
 ars but two on the left side; the upper and mid- 
 dle, which draw their origin from the last two 
 cervical ganglia. Scarpa calls the snpierior — 
 Gardi' acus sup)erficia'lis ; the middle — G.profnn'- 
 
 dus seu G. magnus ; and the inferior G. parvus 
 
 seu minor. There are, besides, Cardiac fd'aments, 
 (F.) Filets cardiaques, furnished by the par va- 
 gum or pneumo-gastric nerve, which become 
 confounded with the above. 
 
 Cardiac Plexus, Plexus cardi'acus. There 
 are three cardiac plexuses. 1. The great cardiac 
 plexus is situated upon the bifurcation of the tra- 
 chea. It is formed by the convergence of the middle 
 and inferior cardiac nerves ; and by branches 
 from the pneumogastric, descendens noni, and 
 first thoracic ganglion. 2. The anterior cardiac 
 plexus is situated in front of the ascending aorta 
 near its origin. It is formed by filaments from 
 the superior cardiac nerves ; from the cardiac 
 ganglion ; and from the great cardiac plexus. 
 Filaments from this plexus accompany the left 
 coronary artery, and form the anterior coronary 
 plexus. 3. The posterior cardiac plexus is seated 
 upon the posterior part of the ascenditig aorta 
 near its origin. It is formed by numerous branches 
 from the great cardiac plexus. It divides into 
 two sets of branches, which together constitute 
 the posterior coronary plexus. 
 
 Cardiac Veins, Goronary veins, (F.) Yeines 
 Cardiaques, are commonly four in number ; two 
 anterior and two posterior. They open into the 
 right auricle by one orifice, which is furnished 
 with a valve, and is called, by Portal, Sinus coro- 
 naire du Coeiir. 
 
 CARDIAC A CRISPA, Leonurus eardiaca — 
 0. Passio, Cardialgia — c. Trilobata, Leonurus 
 eardiaca — c. Vulgaris, Leonurus eardiaca. 
 
 CARDIACUS, Cordial, Stomachal. 
 
 CARDIAGMUS, Cardialgia. 
 
 CARDI'AGRA, Affec'tio artTirit'ica cordis ; 
 from KapSia, ' the heart/ and aypa, ' seizure.' 
 Gout of the heart. 
 
 CARDIAG'RAPHY, Cardiagra'pUa, from 
 t(rp5ta, ' the heart,' and ■ypa(ptj> ' a description.' 
 An anatomical description of the heart. 
 
 CARDIAL'GIA, Gardi'aca Passio, Col'ica 
 Ventric'idi, Spasmus Ventric'tdi, Perodyn'ia, 
 Cordo'lium, Gardilce'a, Dyspepsodyn'ia, Dyspep- 
 siodyn'ia, Dyspeptodyn'ia, Peratodyn'ia, Gar- 
 diod'yne, Gastral'gia, Gasteral'gia, Gastrocol'ia, 
 Gastrod'yne, Paa'sio Gardi'aca, Stomached' gia, 
 Stomacal'gia, Gastrodyn'ia, Cardi'acus Morbus, 
 Cardiog'miis, Gardialgy ; from KapSia, 'the car- 
 diac orifice of the stomach,' and a'Xyos, 'pain.' 
 
 Pain of the stomach, (F.) Douleur de V Estomar, 
 D. nevralgique de V Estomac. Also, Heartburn, 
 (F.) Gardialgie, Ardeur d' Estomac, A. du Coeur. 
 Impaired appetite, with gnawing or burning pain 
 in the stomach or epigastrium, — MorstTs vel ardor 
 ventric'uli, Morsus stom'achi, Soda, Limo'sis car 
 dial'gia mordens, Mosio Stom'achi seu Yentric' 
 uli : — a sj^mptom of dyspepsia. 
 
 Cardialgia Inflammatoria, Gastritis — c. 
 Sputatoria, Pyrosis. 
 
 CARDIALOG"IA, from Kapha, 'the heart,' 
 and ^oyo';, 'a discourse.' A treatise on the heart. 
 
 CARDIANASTROPHE, Ectopia cordis. 
 
 CARDIARGTIE, Heart, concentric hypertro- 
 phy of the. 
 
 CARDIA'RIUS; same etymology. A name 
 given to a worm, said to have been found in the 
 heart or pericardium. 
 
 CARDIATOM'IA, from Kapha, 'the heart, 
 and Tifivuv, 'to cut.' Dissection of the heart. 
 ^CARDIATROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the. 
 
 CARDIAUXE, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
 
 CARDIECTASIS, see Aneurism of the heart 
 — c. Partialis, Aneurism of the heart. 
 
 CARDIELCGSIS; from Kapha, 'the heart,' 
 and 'eXkos, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the heart. 
 
 CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis. 
 
 CARDIEURYSMA, Aneurism of the heart. 
 
 CARDIL^A, Cardialgia. 
 
 CARDIM'ELECH, from Kapha, 'the heart,' 
 and l70, lleleh, (Hebr.,) 'a governor.' A sup- 
 positious active principle seated in the heart, and 
 governing the vital functions. — Dolfeus. 
 
 CARDINAL FLOWER, Lobelia cardinalis — 
 c. Blue, Lobelia syphilitica. 
 
 CARDINAL PLANT, Lobelia cardinalis. 
 
 CARDINAMENTUM, Gingiymus, Gomphosis. 
 
 CARDIOBOTANUM, Centaurea benedicta. 
 
 CARDIOCE'LE, from Kapha, ' the heart,' and 
 Kriy>.rj> ' rupture.' Hernia of the heart, especially 
 into the abdominal cavity. 
 
 GARBIOCLASJE, Cardiorrhexis. 
 
 CARDIOD'YNE, Cardiodyn'ia ; from Kapha, 
 'the heart, the stomach,' and oSvvt], 'pain.' Pain 
 in the heart. Also, Cardialgia. 
 
 Cardiodyne Spasjiodica Intermittens, An- 
 gina pectoris. 
 
 CARDIOG'MUS. Hippocrates employed this 
 word synonymously with cardialgia. In the time 
 of Galen it was used, by some writers, for certain 
 pulsations of the heart, analogous to palpitations. 
 Sauvages understood by Gardiogmus an aneurism 
 of the heart or great vessels, when still obscure. 
 Also, Angina pectoris. 
 
 Cardiogmus Cordis Sinistri, Angina pectoris. 
 
 CARDIOMALA'CIA, Malaco'sis seu 3/ala'cia 
 seu Malax' is seu Mollifies Cordis, (F.) Ramol- 
 lissement du Coeur, from Kapha, ' the heart,' and 
 fiaXama, ' softness.' Softening of the heart, caused 
 by inflammation of the organ, or a consequence 
 of some lesion of the function of nutrition. 
 
 CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis. 
 
 CARDIONCHI, see Aneurism. 
 
 CARDIONEURALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
 
 CARDIOPALMUS. Cardiotromus. 
 
 CARDIOPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis. 
 
 CARDIORRHEU'MA, Bheumatis'mvs cordis; 
 from KapSia, ' the heart,' and pctJ^a, ' defluxion, 
 rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the heart. 
 
 CARDIORRHBX'IS, Cardioclasie, (Piorry.i 
 Riiptu'ra cordis, (F.) Rupture du Coeur, from 
 KapSia, 'the heart,' and pn^tS) 'laceration.' Lace- 
 ration of the heart. 
 
 CARDIOSGLEROSIE, (Piorry) from Kapiia, 
 'the heart,' and cK^vpos, 'hard.' (P.) Endurcisse- 
 riient du Oceur. Induration of the heart. 
 
 CARDIOSTENO'SIS, Stenocar'dia, from cw 
 
CARDIOTRATJMA 
 
 172 
 
 CARNATION 
 
 ill, 'the heart,' and orEvoxriy, 'contraction.' Con- 
 U'action of the openings of the heart. 
 
 CARDIOTRAU'MA, from Kaoit-, 'the heart/ 
 and Toavjia, 'a wound.' A wound of the heart. 
 
 CARDIOT'ROMUS, Palpita'tio Cordis trep'- 
 idans, Cardiojjal'mus, Trepida'tio Cordis, from 
 <apSia, 'the heart,' and rgojiog, 'tremor.' Rapid 
 and feeble palpitation, or fluttering of the heart. 
 
 CARDIOT'ROTUS, from Kapha, 'the heart,' 
 and Tirpoo-Kcj, 'I wound.' One affected with a 
 wound of the heart. — Galen. 
 
 CARDIPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis, 
 
 CARDITE, Carditis. 
 
 CARDI'TIS, from Knpbia, 'the heart, and the 
 termination itis. Inflammation of the fleshy 
 Bubstance of the heart. Empres'ma Cardi'tis, 
 Injlamma'tio Cordis, Injlamtna' tin Cardi'tis, Cau- 
 ma Cardi'tis, Mi/ocardi'tis, Cardi'tis. Muscula'ris, 
 (F.) Injlammation dii Cceur, Cardite. The symp- 
 toms of this affection are by no means clear. 
 They are often confounded with those of pericar- 
 ditis, or inflammation of the membrane investing 
 the heart. Carditis, indeed, with many, includes 
 both the inflammation of the investing membrane 
 and that of the heart itself. See Pericarditis, and 
 Endocarditis. 
 
 Carditis Externa, Pericarditis — c. Interna, 
 Endocarditis — c. Muscularis, Carditis — c. Mem- 
 branosa. Pericarditis — c. Polyposa, Polypi of the 
 heart — c. Serosa, Pericarditis. 
 
 CARDO, Ginglymus. 
 
 CARDOPATIUM, Carlina acaulis. 
 
 CARDUUS ALTILIS, Cynara scolymus — c. 
 Benedictus, Centaurea benedieta — c. Brazilianus, 
 Bromelia ananas — e. Domesticus capite majori, 
 Cynara scolymus — c. Hemorrhoidalis, Cirsium 
 arvense. 
 
 Car'dutjs Maria'ktjs, Gar'duus Ifa'ricB, Sil'y- 
 bum, S. Maria'num seu macula'tuni, Cartliamm 
 macula'tus, Cir'sium macula'tum, Car'duus lac'- 
 teus. Spina alba, Common Ifilk Thistle, or Ladies' 
 Thistle, (F.) Chardon-Marie. The herb is a bitter 
 tonic. The seeds are oleaginous. It is not used. 
 
 Carduus Pineus, Atractylis gummifera — c. 
 Sativus, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Sativus non- 
 spinosus, Cynara scolymus — c. Solstitialis, Cen- 
 taurea calcitrapa — c. Stellatus, Centaurea ealci- 
 trapa — e. Tomentosus, Onopordium acanthium — 
 c. Veneris, Dipsacus fullonum. 
 
 CAREBARESIS, Carebaria. 
 
 CAREBA'RIA or CAREBARI'A, Carelare'- 
 eis, from fcapj?, 'the head,' and (iapos, 'weight.' 
 Scordine'ma, Cereha'ria, Seordinis' mus, Cardine'- 
 ma. Heaviness of the head. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 CARE'j^A, Kare'na. The twenty-fourth part 
 of a drop. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 CAREUM, Carum. 
 
 CAREX ARENARIA, Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
 
 CARIACOU. A beverage, used in Cayenne, 
 and formed of a mixture of cassava, potato, and 
 Bugar fermented. 
 
 CARICA, Ficus carica. 
 
 Car'ica Papa'ya, Papaio tree, (F.) Papayer. 
 Ord. Artocarpese. A native of America, India, 
 and Africa. The fruit has somewhat of the fla- 
 vour of the pumpkin, and is eaten like it. The 
 milky juice of the plant and the seed and root 
 have been regarded as anthelmintic. 
 
 CAR'ICUM. Said to have been named after 
 Its inventor Caricus. Car'ycum. A detergent 
 application to ulcers ; composed of black helle- 
 l.ore, sandarach, copper, lead, sulphur, orpiment, 
 •MLntharides, and oil of cedar. — Hippocrates. 
 OARIE, Caries — c. des Dents, Dental gangrene. 
 GARit, Carious. 
 
 CA'RIES, Nigrit"ies Os'sium. An ulceration 
 of bone, — Necrosis being death of a bone. It 
 resemblea the gangrene of soft parts. Hence it 
 
 has been termed Caries gangrano'sa, Gangrm'na 
 Ca'ries, G. Os'sium, Tere'do, Arro'sio, Euros, (F.) 
 Carie. It is recognised by the swelling of the 
 bone which precedes and accompanies it; by the 
 abscesses it occasions ; the fistulae which form ; 
 the sanious character, peculiar odour and quan- 
 tity of the suppuration, and by the evidence 
 afforded by probing. The most common causes 
 of caries are blows; — the action of some virus, 
 and morbid diathesis. When dependent on any 
 virus in the system, this must be combated by 
 appropriate remedies. When entirely local, it 
 must be converted, where practicable, into a state 
 of necrosis or death of the affected part. For 
 this end stimulants, the actual cautery, &c., are 
 applied. 
 
 Caries, Dentium, Dental gangrene — c. Puden- 
 dorum, see Chancre — c. of the Vertebrae, Verte- 
 bral disease — c. Vertebrarum, Vertebral disease. 
 
 CARIE UX, Carious. 
 
 CARIM CURINI, Justitia ecbolium. 
 
 CARI'NA, ' a ship's keel.' The vertebral co- 
 lumn, especially of the fcetus. Also, the breast- 
 bone bent inwards. Hence, Pectus carina' turn : 
 — the chest affected with such deformity. 
 
 CA'RIOUS, Cario'sus, Euro'des, (F.) Carii, 
 Oarieux. Affected with caries. 
 
 CARIUM TERRiE, Calx. 
 
 CARIVE, Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 CARIVILLANDI, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 CARLINA, ' Carline Thistle.' 
 
 Carli'na Acaul'is, C. chamm'leon, Chama'- 
 leon album, Cardopa' tium, (F.) Carline sans tige, 
 which grows in the Pyrenees, and on the moun- 
 tains of Switzerland, Italy, &c., has been recom- 
 mended as a tonic, emmenagogue, and sudorific. 
 
 Carlina ChamjEleox, C. acaulis. 
 
 CARLINE SANS TIGE, Carlina acaulis. 
 
 CARLO SANCTO RADIX. 'St. Charles's 
 Root': found in Mechoaehan, in America. The 
 bark is aromatic, bitter and acrid. It is consi- 
 dered to be sudorific, and to strengthen the gums 
 and stomach. 
 
 CARLSBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Carlsbad is a town in Bohemia, 24 miles from 
 Egra, celebrated for its hot baths. The water 
 contains about 47 parts in the 100 of purging 
 salts. It is a thermal saline ; temperature 121° 
 to 167° Fahrenheit. The constituents are — car- 
 bonic acid, sulphate of soda, carbonate of soda, 
 and chloride of sodium. 
 
 GARMANTINE, Justitia pectoralis— c. Pecto- 
 rale, Justitia pectoralis. 
 
 C APlMEN, ' a verse.' An amulet. A charm, 
 which, of old, often consisted of a verse. See 
 Charm. 
 
 CARMINANTIA, Carminatives. 
 
 CARMINATIVA, Carminatives. 
 
 CARMIN'ATIVES, Carminan'tia seu Garmi- 
 nati'va, {rova carmen, 'averse,' or 'charm,' Au- 
 tiphys'iea, Physago'ga, Xan'tica, (F. ) Carmina- 
 ttfs. Remedies which allaypain, 'like a charm,' (?) 
 by causing the expulsion of flatus from the ali- 
 mentary canal. They are generally of the class 
 of aromatics. 
 
 The Four Greater Carminative Hot Seeds, 
 Quat'uor sem'ina cal'ida majo'ra carminati'va, 
 were, of old, anise, carui, cummin, and fennel. 
 
 The Four Lesser Carminative Hot Seeds, 
 Quat'uor sem'ina cal'ida mino'ra, were bishop's 
 weed, stone parsley, smallage, and wild carrot. 
 
 CARMOT. A name given, by the alchymists, 
 to the matter which they believed to constitute 
 the Philosopher's stone. 
 
 CARNABADIA, Carum, (seed.) 
 
 CARNABADIUM, Cuminum cyminum. 
 
 CARNATIO, Syssarcosis. 
 
 CARNATION, Dianthus caryophyllus. 
 
CAENBLIAN 
 
 173 
 
 CARPHOLOGIA 
 
 CARNELIAN, Cornelian. 
 
 CARNEOLUS, Cornelian. 
 
 CAR'NEOUS, Car'neous, Oarno'sus, Sareo'des, 
 Incarna'tus, from caro, 'flesh.' (F.) Charnti. 
 Consisting of flesh, or resembling flesh. 
 
 Carneous Columns, Fleshy Columns, Colum'- 
 ncB Garnem, of the heart, (E.) Colonnes charnues, 
 are muscular projections, situate in the cavities 
 of the heart. They are called, also, Mus'culi Pa- 
 pilla'res. 
 
 Carneotjs Fibres, Fleshy Fibres, Ilus'cular 
 Fibres, (E.) Fibres charnues ou musculaires, are 
 fibres belonging to a muscle. 
 
 CARNEUM MARSUPIUM, Ischio-trochan- 
 torianus. 
 
 CARNIC'ULA. Diminutive of caro, 'flesh.' 
 The gum, — Gingiva. — Fallopius. 
 
 CARNIFICA'TIO, Carniflcation — c. Pulmo- 
 num, Hepatisation of the lungs. 
 
 CARNIFICA'TION, Oarnifica'tio, from caro, 
 'flesh,' and fieri, ' to become.' Transformation 
 into flesh, A morbid state of certain organs, in 
 which the tissue acquires a consistence like that 
 of fleshy or muscular parts. It is sometimes ob- 
 served in hard parts, the texture becoming sof- 
 tened, as in Osteosarcoma. When it occurs in 
 the lungs, they present a texture like that of 
 liver. Such is the condition of the foetal lung. 
 
 CARNIEOR'MIS ABSCES'SUS. An abscess, 
 which ordinarily occurs in the neighbourhood of 
 the articulations, and whose orifice is hard, the 
 sides thick and callous. — M. A. Severinus. 
 
 CARNIVOROUS, Carniv'orus, Sarcoph'a- 
 gus, Creatoph'agus, Oreoph'agus, (F.) Carnivore, 
 from caro, 'flesh,' and voro, 'I eat.' That which 
 eats flesh. Any substance which destroys excres- 
 cences in wounds, ulcers, &c. 
 
 CARNOSA CUTIS, Pannieulus carnosus. 
 
 CARjSTOS'ITAS, (F.) Carnosite, from caro, 
 'flesh.' A fleshy excrescence. 
 
 CARNOS'ITIES OF THE URE'THRA, Car'- 
 uncles in the Ure'fhra, (F.) Carnosites ou Caron- 
 cules de I'wretre. Small fleshy excrescences or 
 fungous growths, which were, at one time, pre- 
 sumed to exist in the male urethra, whenever re- 
 tention of urine followed gonorrhoea. 
 
 M. Cullerier uses the term Carnosite vin&rienne 
 for a cutaneous, cellular, and membranous tu- 
 mour, dependent upon the syphilitic virus. See, 
 also, Polysarcia. 
 
 CARNOSUS, Carneous. 
 
 CARO, Flesh — c. Accessoria, see Flexor longus 
 digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (accesso- 
 rius) — c. Excrescens, Excrescence — c. Fungosa, 
 Fungosity — c. Glandulosa, Epiglottic gland — c. 
 Luxurians, Fungosity — c. Orbicularis, Placenta — 
 c. Parenchymatica, Parenchyma — c. Quadrata, 
 Palmaris brevis — c. Quadratus Sylvii, see Flexor 
 longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (ac- 
 cessorius) — c. Viscerum, Parenchyma. 
 
 CAROB TREE, Ceratonia siliqua. 
 
 CAROBA ALNABATI, Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
 CARODES, Carotie. 
 
 CAROLI, see Chancre. 
 
 CAROLI'NA, NORTH, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. In the counties of Warren, Montgomery, 
 Rockingham, Lincoln, Buncomb, and Rowan, 
 there are mineral springs. They belong gene- 
 rally to the sulphureous or acidulous saline. 
 
 CAROLINA, SOUTH, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. They are numerous. Pacolet Springs, on 
 the west bank of Pacolet River, contain sulphur 
 and iron. Many, with similar properties, but not 
 held jn estimation, are scattered about the State. 
 
 CARONCULE, Caruncle— c Lachrymale, Ca- 
 runcle. 
 
 GARONCULES MYRTIFORMES, Canm- 
 
 culee myrtiformes — c. de I' Urltre, Carnosities ot 
 
 the urethra. 
 
 CAROPI, Amomum cardamomum. 
 
 CAROSIS, Somnolency. 
 
 CAROTA, see Daucus carota. 
 
 CAROT'IC, Carot'icus, Carot'id, Carot'idua, 
 Caro'des, Com'atose, from Ka^og, 'stupor.' (F.) 
 Carotique. Relating to stupor or caries — as a 
 carotie state, — or to the carotids. 
 
 Carotic Arteries, Carotids — e. Ganglion, 
 see Carotid Nerve — c. Nerve, Carotid nerve — c 
 Plexus, see Carotid Nerve. 
 
 CAR OTIC A, Narcotics. 
 
 CAROTICUS, Carotic. 
 
 CAROTID, Carotic. 
 
 CAROT'IDS, Carot'ides, Carot'iccB, Carotidem, 
 Capita'les, Jugula'res, Sopora'les, Sopora'ria, So- 
 pori/'ercB, Somnif eras, Apoplec'ticcB, Lethar' gicqe 
 [Arte'ricB), the Carot'id Ar'teries, Cephal'ic Arte- 
 ries, (F.) Arteres Carotides ; from Kapog, 'stupor.' 
 The great arteries of the neck, which carry blood 
 to the head. They are divided into, 1. Primitive 
 or common; the left of which arises from the 
 aorta, and the right from a trunk, common to it 
 and the subclavian. 2. External or j}ericephal''ic, 
 branch of the primitive, which extends from the 
 last to the neck of the condyle of the lower jaw ; 
 and, 3. Internal, Arte'ria cerebra'lis vel enee- 
 phal'ica, another branch of the primitive, which, 
 arising at the same place as the external, enters 
 the cranium, and terminates on a level with the 
 fissure of Sylvius, dividing into several branches. 
 
 Carotid or Carotic Canal, Cana'Us Carot'icus, 
 Canal inflexe de I'os temporal — (Ch.), Canal caro- 
 tidien, is a canal in the temporal bone, through 
 which the carotid artery and several nervous 
 filaments pass. 
 
 Carotid or Carotic Foramina, Foram'ina Ca- 
 rot'ica, (F.) Trous carotidiens, are distinguished 
 into internal and external. They are the foram- 
 ina at each extremity of the Canalis Caroticus. 
 
 Carotid Ganglion, see Carotid nerve. 
 
 Carotid Nerve, Carotic nerve, Nerviis carot'- 
 icus. A branch from the superior cervical gan- 
 glion of the great sympathetic, which ascends by 
 the side of the internal carotid. It divides into 
 two portions, which enter the carotid canal, and, 
 by their communication with each other and the 
 petrosal branch of the vidian, form the carotid 
 ■plexus. They also frequently form a small gan- 
 gliform swelKng on the under part of the artery 
 — the carotic or carotid or cavernous ganglion, 
 ganglion of Laumonier. 
 
 Carotid Plexus, see Carotid nerve. 
 
 CAROTTE, Daucus carota. 
 
 CAROUA, Carum, (seed.) 
 
 CAROUBIER, Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
 CAROUGE, see Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
 CARPASA, Carbasa. 
 
 CARPA'SIUM, Car'pasum, and Carpe'sium^ 
 Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, &c., have given these 
 names, and that of Carpasos, to a plant, which 
 cannot now be determined, and whose juice, called 
 Opocar'pason, oiroKag-rraaov, passed for a violent, 
 narcotic poison, and was confounded with myrrh. 
 
 CARPATHICUM, see Pinus eembra. 
 
 CARPE, Carpus. 
 
 CARPENTARIA, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 CARPESIUM, Carpasium. 
 
 CARPIIO'DES, Carphoides, from Kap(l>os, 'floc- 
 culus,' and eiSos, 'resemblance.' Flocculent, 
 stringy ; — as mucus carphodes, flocculent or 
 stringy mucus. 
 
 CARPHOLOG"IA, Tilmus, Carpolog"ia, Cro- 
 cidis'mus, Crocydis'mus, Flocco'rum vena'tio. Floe- 
 cile'giilm, Tricholog"ia, Croeidix'is, Floecila'tion, 
 Floccita'tion, from Kap<po;, 'Jloc'cjdui,' and Afvo), 
 'I collect,' or 'pluek.* (F."* Carphologie. Acti>n 
 
GARPHOS 
 
 lU 
 
 CARTILAGO 
 
 of gathering flocculi. A delirious picking of the 
 bed-clothes, as if to seek some substance, or to 
 pall the flocculi from them. It denotes great 
 cerebral irritability and debility, and is an un- 
 favourable sign in fevers, &c. 
 
 (TARPHOS, Trigonella foenum. 
 
 CARPIA, Linteum. 
 
 CARPI^US, Palmaris brevis. 
 
 CAPb'PIAL, Car'pian, Carpia'mis, Carpia'lis, 
 (F.) Carpien. Belonging to the Carpus. 
 
 Car'pial Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments Carpiens, 
 are, 1. The fibrous fasciae, which unite the bones 
 of the carpus ; and, 2. The annular ligaments, 
 anterior and posterior. 
 
 CARPIAN, Carpial. 
 
 CAEPIEN, Carpial. 
 
 CARPI3MUS, Carpus. 
 
 C A R P B A L S A M U M, see Amyris opobal- 
 samum. 
 
 CARPOLOGTA, Carphologia — c. Spasmodica, 
 Subsultus tendinum. 
 
 CARPO-METACARPEUS MINIMI DIGI- 
 TI, Adductor metacarpi minimi digiti — c. Meta- 
 carpien da p>etit doiyt, Opponens minimi digiti — 
 e. Metacarpien du pouce, Opponens pollicis — c. 
 Phalangeus minimi digiti. Abductor minimi digiti 
 — c. Phalangien du petit doigt, Abductor minimi 
 digiti — c. Phalangien du petit doigt, Flexor par- 
 vus minimi digiti — c. Phalangien du pouce, Flexor 
 brevis pollicis manus — c. Sus-pihalangien dupouce, 
 Abductor pollicis brevis. 
 
 CARPO-PEDAL, from carpus, 'the wrist,' and 
 pes, pedis, ' the foot.' Relating to the wrist and 
 foot. 
 
 Cakpo-pedal Spasm, Cer'ehral spasmod'ic 
 croup. A spasmodic affection of the chest and 
 larynx in young children, accompanied by gene- 
 ral or partial convulsions. The disease commonly 
 occurs between the third and ninth month, and 
 is characterized by excessive dyspnoea, accompa- 
 ni(3d by a loud croupy noise on inspiration ; the 
 thumbs being locked, and the hands and feet 
 rigidly bent for a longer or shorter period. The 
 seat of the disease is evidently in the cerebro- 
 spinal axis, primarily or secondarily : generally, 
 perhaps, it is owing to erethism seated elsewhere, 
 but communicated to the cerebro-spinal centre, 
 and reflected to the respiratory and other muscles 
 concerned. It seems to be connected with dental 
 irritation, and consequently, in the treatment, 
 where such is the ease, the gums should be freely 
 divided; after which, cathartics and revulsives, 
 with the use of narcotics and appropriate diet, 
 will generally remove the affection ; for although 
 extremely alarming, it is often not attended with 
 great danger. See Asthma thymicum. 
 
 CARPOS, Fruit. 
 
 CARPOT'ICA, from *ca/)7ro?, 'fruit.' Diseases 
 affecting impregnation. Irregularity, difiiculty 
 or danger produced by partm-ition : — the 3d or- 
 der, class Genetica, of Good. 
 
 CARPUS, Carpis'mus, Brachia'le, Rasce'ta, 
 Raste'ta, RascTia, Rase'ta, liaset'ta, the wrist. 
 (F.) Carpe, Poignet. The part between the fore- 
 arm and hand. Eight bones compose it, (in two 
 rows.) In the superior row there are, from with- 
 out to within — the Scaplio'ides or navicula're, 
 Luna're or semiluna're, Caneifor'me, and Orhicu- 
 Lc're or pisifor'me. In the lower row — Trape'- 
 tium, Trapezo'ides, Magnum, and Uncifor'me. 
 
 CARRAjS^EEN MOSS, Fucus crispus. 
 CARRE BE LA CUISSE, Quadratus femoris 
 --C. des Lomhes, Quidratus lumborum — c. du 
 Menton, Depressor lubii inferioris — c. du Pied, 
 Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
 SAIiREA U, Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 CARREE, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis 
 profundus perforans, (accessorius.) 
 
 CARRELET, (F.) Acus triangnla'ris. A 
 straight needle, two or three inches long, the 
 point of which is triangular; and which tho 
 ancients used in different operations. Also, a 
 wooden, triangular frame for fixing a cloth 
 through which different pharmaceutical prepara- 
 tions are passed. 
 
 CARROT, CANDY, Athamanta cretensis— c. 
 Deadly, Thapsia — c. Plant, Daucus carota. 
 
 CARTHAMUS MACULATUS, Carduus ma- 
 rianus. 
 
 Car'tHAMTTS TiXCTO'rIUS, Am'yron, Cnicus, 
 Crocus German'icus, Crocus Saracen' icus, Car'- 
 thamum officina'rum, Car'duus sati'vus, Safra'- 
 num, Saffron- flower, Sajflower, Bastard Saffron, 
 Dyer's Saffron, (F.) Carthame, Safra.n Idtard, 
 Carthame des Teinturiers. Family, Cynaroce- 
 phaleee. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia sequa- 
 lis. The seeds are aromatic, cathartic, and diu- 
 retic; yet to the parroquet they are an article of 
 food; hence their name, Graines de Parroquet. 
 The flowers, Car'thamus, (Ph. U. S.) are employed 
 as a cosmetic, and are a reputed diaphoretic. [ ? ] 
 
 CARTHEGON, see Buxus. 
 
 CAR'TILAGE, Chondros, Car'tilago, (F.) Car- 
 tilage. A solid part of the animal body, of a 
 medium consistence between bone and ligament, 
 which in the foetus is a substitute for bone, but 
 in the adult exists only in the joints, at the 
 extremities of the ribs, &c. Cartilages are of a 
 whitish colour, flexible, compressible, and very 
 elastic, and some of them apparently inorganic. 
 They are composed, according to J. Davy, of .44 
 albumen, .55 water, and .01 phosphate of lime. 
 
 CARTILAGE ANONYME, Cricoid, (carti- 
 lage) — c. Epiglottic, Epiglottis — c. Mticroni, Xi- 
 phoid Cartilage — c. Supra-arytenoid, Cornieulum 
 laryngis — c. Tarsal, see Tarsus. 
 
 Cartilages, Articular, Obdu'cent Car'tilages, 
 invest bony surfaces, which are in contact; hence 
 they are called investing or incrusting cartilages, 
 (F.) Cartilages de revetement ou d'encroGtement. 
 
 Cartilages, iNTERARTicrLAR, are such as axo 
 situate within the joints, as in the knee joint. 
 
 Cartilages of Ossifica'tion are such as, in 
 the progress of ossification, have to form an in- 
 tegrant part of bones; as those of the long bones 
 in the new-born infant. They are termed tetn- 
 porary ; the Others being permanent. All the 
 cartilages, with the exception of the articular, 
 are surrounded by a membrane analogous to the 
 periosteum, called Perichon' drium. 
 
 Cartilages of the Ribs are, in some respects, 
 only prolongations of the ribs. Those of the nose, 
 of the meatus auditorius, and Eustachian tube, 
 present a similar arrangement. Other cartilages 
 resemble a union of fibrous and cartilaginous tex- 
 tures ; hence their name Fihro-cartilages. 
 
 Cartilages, Semilunar, see Semilunar — c 
 Sigmoid, Semilunar cartilages. 
 
 CARTILAGINES GUTTURALES, Aryte- 
 noid cartilages — c. Semilunares, Semilunar carti- 
 lages — c. Sigmoidese, Semilunar cartilages. 
 
 Cartilaginis Arttenoid^^ Capitclum, Cor- 
 nieulum laryngis. 
 
 CARTILAG^'INOUS, Cartilagin'ens, CartUa- 
 gino'sus, Chondro'des, Chondro'i'des, (F.) Carti- 
 lagineii.c. Belonging to, or resembling cartilage. 
 
 Cartilagixous, Tissue, see Tissue. 
 
 CARTILAGO, Cartilage — c. Clypealis, Thy- 
 roid cartilage — c. Ensiformis, Xiphoid cartilage 
 
 — c. Guttalis, Arytenoid cartilage — c. Innomi- 
 nata, Cricoid — c. Mucronata, Xiphoid cartiljL'-e — 
 c. Peltalis, Thyroid cartilage. Xiphoid cartilage 
 
 — c. Scutiformis, Thyroid cartOage — c. Uvifer, 
 Uvula — c. Xiphoides, Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
CARUM 
 
 175 
 
 CASSIA 
 
 CARUM, from Caria, a province of Asia. 
 A'phini carvi, Bu'nhtm carvi, Ligus'ticum carvi, 
 Ses'eli carvi seu carum, Shun carvi, Oa'reum, 
 Garum car'vi, Carvi, Cumi'num praten'se. Cams, 
 Car'uon, the Car'aicay, (F.) Carvi, Cumin des 
 prSs. Family, Umbellifer^. Sex. Syst. Pentan- 
 dria Digynia. The seeds, Carnaha'dia, Car'oua, 
 are carminative. Dose, gr. x to ^ij? swallowed 
 whole or bruised. The oil. Oleum Car'u'i, (F.) 
 Huile de carvi, hag the properties of the seeds. 
 Dose, gtt. ij to vj. 
 
 Carum Bdlbocastajium, Bunium bulbocasta- 
 num. 
 
 CAR'UNCLE, Cantn'eula, diminutive of caro, 
 'flesh.' A small portion of ilesh, Sar'ciitm, Sar- 
 cid'ium. A fleshy excrescence, — Ecphy'ma car- 
 tin'cula, (F.) Caroncule. 
 Caruncle, Camositas. 
 Caruxcles in the Urethra, Carnosities. 
 Carun'cuLA Lachryma'lis, (F.) Caroncnle 
 lacrymale. A small, reddish, follicular body, 
 situate at the inner angle of the eye. It secretes 
 a gummy substance. 
 
 CARUNCUL^ CUTICULARES, Nymphse. 
 Caruncul^ Mamilla'res. The extremities 
 tf the lactiferous tubes in the nipples. The 
 olfactory nerves have been so called by some. 
 
 CaruNCULJE Myrtifor'mes, G. Vagina'les, 
 Giau'dulcB myrtifor'mes, (F.) Caroncides myrti- 
 formes. Small, reddish tubercles, more or less 
 firm, of variable form, and uncertain number, 
 situate near the orifice of the vagina, and formed 
 by the mucous membrane. They are regarded 
 as the remains of the hymen. 
 
 Caruncul^ Papillares, Papillas of the kid- 
 ney. 
 
 CARUN'CULOUS, Carun'cular. Relating to 
 caruncles or carnosities. 
 CARUON, Carum. 
 
 CARUS, Kapoi;, Sopor caro'tieus. Profound sleep. 
 The last degree of coma., with complete insensi- 
 bility, which HO stimulus can remove, even for a 
 few instants. Sopor, Coma, Letliargia, and Ca- 
 rus, are four degrees of the same condition, 
 
 Carus Apoplexia, Apoplexy — c. Asphyxia, 
 Asphyxia — e. Catalepsia, Catalepsy — c. Ecstasis, 
 Ecstasis — c. Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus — c. ab Insolatione, Cou]) de soleil — c. Le- 
 thargus, Lethargy — c. Lethargus cataphora, Som- 
 nolency — e. Lethargus vigil. Coma vigil — c. 
 Paralysis, Paralysis — c. Paralysis paraplegia. 
 Paraplegia — c. Veternus, Lethargy. 
 CARVI, Carum. 
 
 CARYA, Juglans regia — c. Basilica, Juglans 
 regia. 
 
 CARYEDON" CATAGMA, see Fracture. 
 CARYOCOST'IISTUS, Caryocostinum, An elec- 
 tuary prepared of the costus and other aromatic 
 substances, &<3. It was cathartic. See Confectio 
 Bcammonife. 
 
 CARYON PONTICON, Corylus avellana 
 (nut.) 
 
 CARYOPHYLLA, Geum urbanum. 
 CARYOPHYLLATA AQUATICA, Geum ri- 
 vale — c. Nutans, Geum rivale — c. Urbana, Geum 
 urbanum — c. Vulgaris, Geum urbanum. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLUM RUBRUM, Dianthus ca- 
 ryophyllus. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLUS AMERICANUS, see Myr- 
 tus pimenta — c. Aromaticus, Eugenia caryophyl- 
 lata — c. Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus — c. 
 Pimenta, Myrtus Pimenta — c. Vulgaris, Geum 
 urbanum. 
 
 CARYO'TI. ' The best kind of dates.— Galen. 
 
 GAS RARES (F.), Rare cases. This term is 
 
 used, by the French, for pathological facts, which 
 
 rary from what is usual. See a celebrated article 
 
 under this head in the Dictionnaire des Sciences 
 Medicales, Vol. IV. 
 
 CASAMUM, Cyclamen. 
 CASAMUNAR, Cassumuniar. 
 CAS'CARA, CASCARIL'LA. Spanish words, 
 which signify bark and little baric, under which 
 appellations the bark (Cinchona) is known in 
 Peru. They are now applied to the bark of Gro- 
 ton cascarilla. The bark-gatherers are called 
 Gaacarilleros. 
 CASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla. 
 CASCARILLEROS, see Cascara. 
 CASCHEU, Catechu. 
 
 CASE, Cap>sa, Theca, (F.) Caisse. This name 
 is given to boxes for the preservation of instru- 
 ments, or of medicines necessary in hospital or 
 other service. We say, e. g. — A case of ampu- 
 tating, or of trepanning instruments. 
 
 Case, Casus, from cadere, casum, 'to fall.' 
 The condition of a patient; — as a case of fever, 
 <fcc. (F.) Observation. Also, the history of a disease. 
 CASEARIUS, Cheesy. 
 
 CA'SEIN, Caseine, Ca'seum, Galactine, Ga- 
 seous matter ; from caseus, 'cheese.' The only 
 nitrogenized constituent of milk. It is identical 
 in composition with the chief constituents of 
 blood, — fibrin and albumen, all being compounds 
 of protein. A similar principle exists in the vege- 
 table, Vegetable Casein or Legu'min, Veg"etable 
 Gluten. It is chiefly found in leguminous seeds 
 — peas, beans, lentils. Like vegetable albumen, 
 Casein is soluble in water ; and the solution is 
 not coagulable by heat. 
 Casein, Blood, Globulin. 
 CASEOSUS, Cheesy. 
 CASEOUS MATTER, Casein. 
 CASEUM, Casein. 
 
 CASEUS, Cheese — c. Equinus, Hippace. 
 CASEUX, Cheesy. 
 CASHEW, Anacardium occidentale. 
 CASHOO. An aromatic drug of Hindoostan, 
 said to possess pectoral virtues. 
 CASHOW, Catechu. 
 CASIA, Laurus cassia. 
 CASMINA, Cassumuniar. 
 CASMONAR, Cassumuniar. 
 CASSA, Thorax. 
 
 CASSADA ROOT, Jatropha manihot. 
 CASSAVA ROOT, Jatropha manihot. 
 CASSE AROMATIQUE, Laurus cassia — c. 
 en Batons, Cassia fistular— c. en Hois, Laurus cas- 
 sia — c. des Boutiques, Cassia fistula — e. SinS, 
 Cassia senna. 
 
 GASSE-LUNETTES, Cyanus segetum, Eu- 
 phrasia officinalis. 
 
 CASSEENA, Ilex vomitoria. 
 CASSENOLES, see Quercus infectoria. 
 CASSIA, Laurus cassia — c. Absus, Absus — e, 
 Acutifolia, C. senna — c. Egyptian, C. senna — 
 c. Alexandrina, C. fistula — c. Bonplandiana, C. 
 fistula. 
 
 Cassia Cham^ceis'ta, Prairie senna. Par- 
 tridge Pea, Wild Senna. An indigenous plant, 
 Fam. Leguminosse, which flowers in August. It 
 resembles Cassia Marilandica in properties. 
 
 Cassia Cinnamomea, Laurus cassia — c. Ca- 
 ryophyllata, Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Canella, 
 Laurus cassia — e. Egyptian, Cassia senna — c. 
 Excelsa, C. fistula. t 
 
 Cas'sta Fis'tula, Gas'sia nigra, Cassia fisUi- 
 la'ris, G. Alexandri'na seu excel'sa seu Bonplan- 
 dia'na, Canna, Ganna soluti'va, Ganna fistula, 
 Gathartocur'pus, Bactyrilo'bium fis'tula. Purging 
 Cassia, (F.) Casse Ganeficier, Gasse en Bdtcns, 
 Gasse des Boutiques. The pulp of Cassia Fis' 
 tula or Gathartocar'pus Fistula; Fam.'Legnmi- 
 nosse ; *S'ea-. Syst. Decandria Monogynia, Pulpet 
 Gas'sia, Ga"<ii<B Aramen'tun^ Gistice Fiitulte 
 
CASSIA ARAMEXTUM 
 
 176 
 
 CATABLEMA 
 
 Pulpa, (Ph. U. S.)> ^vhich is obtained in long 
 pods, is black, bright, and shining; sweet, slightly 
 acid, and inodorous. It is laxative in the dose 
 of 3iv to 5J. 
 
 Cassia Lajvceolata, C. senna — e. Lignea, 
 Laurus cassia — c. Lignea Malabariea, Laurus 
 cassia. 
 
 Cassia Mahilan'dica, Senna America'na, 
 American Senna, Wild Senna, Locust plant, (F,) 
 Sene d'Ameriqne. The leaves of this plant are 
 Eimilar, in virtue, to those of cassia senna. They 
 are, however, much inferior in strength. 
 
 Cassia JSTigea, C. fistula — c. Officinalis, C. 
 senna — c. Orientalis, C. senna — c. Purging, Cas- 
 sia fistula. 
 
 Cassia Sexna, C. lanceola'ta sen acutifo'lia 
 EC'U orienta'lis seu officina'lis. The name of the 
 plant which affords senna. It is yielded, how- 
 ever, by several species of the genus cassia. The 
 leaves of senna. Senna Folia, Senna. Alexandri'- 
 ita, Senna Ital'ica, Sena, Senna or jErjyptian 
 Cassia, (F.) Sene, Casse Sene, have a faint smell, 
 and bitterish taste. The active part, by some 
 called Cathartin, is extracted by alcohol and 
 water. Their activity is injured by boiling water. 
 They are a hydragogue cathartic, and apt to 
 gripe. Dose of the powder, ^j to Jj. Infusion 
 is the best form. 
 
 The varieties of senna, in commerce, are Tin- 
 nivelly Sen7xa, Bomhay or Common India Senna, 
 Alexandrian Senna, Triipoli Senna, and Aleppo 
 Senna. 
 
 CASSIA ARAMENTUM, see Cassia fistula^ 
 c. Fistulas pulpa, see Cassia fistula — c. Flores, 
 gee Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 CASSIALA, Hyssopus. 
 
 CASSIDA GALERICULATA, Scutellaria ga- 
 ''ericulata. 
 
 CASSIBE BLEUE, Scutellaria galericulata. 
 
 CASSINA, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 CASSIXE CAROLIiSriANA, Hex paraguensis 
 ■ — c. Evergreen, Ilex vomitoria — c. Peragua, Ilex 
 paniguensis. 
 
 CASSIS, Ribes nigrum. 
 
 CASSITEROS, Tin. 
 
 CASSUMU'NIAR, Oasamu'nar, Casmonar, 
 Zerumbet, Casmina, Ri'sagon, Ben' gale Indo'rum, 
 Bengal Root, (F.) Racine de Benyale. A root, 
 obtained from the East Indies, in irregular slices 
 of various forms ; some cut transversely, others 
 longitudinally. It is an aromatic bitter, and is 
 consequently tonic and stimulant. It was once 
 considered a panacea, and has been referred to 
 Zingiher Caseumuniar, Z. Clifford'ia seu purjvi- 
 reum, Amo'muni monta'num, and to Zingiber Ze- 
 riimhet, Z. spuriutn, Amo'mwn Zerumhet seu syl- 
 ves' ti*e, 
 
 CASSUVIUM POMIFERUBI, Anacardium 
 occidentale. 
 
 CAS'SYTA riLIFORM'IS. A South African 
 plant, Nat. Ord. Laurinese, which is employed 
 ty the Cape colonists as a wash in scald head, 
 and as an antiparasitic. 
 
 CAST, Caste. 
 
 CASTALIA SPECIOSA, Nympheea alba. 
 
 CASTANEA, Fagus castanea, see also Fagus 
 castanea pumila — c. Equina, JSsculus Hippocas- 
 tanum — c. Pumila, Fagus castanea pumila. 
 
 CASTE, Cast, from (P.) Casta, 'race or lineage.' 
 A name given, by the Portuguese in India, to 
 classes of society, divided according to occupa- 
 tions, which have remained distinct from the 
 earliest times. Hence a separate and fixed order 
 or class. See Half-caste. 
 
 CASTELLAMARE DI STABIA, "WATERS 
 OF. Castellamare di Stabia is a town in Naples, 
 in the Prin^ipato Citra, 15 miles S. S. E. of Na- 
 
 ples. There are two springs, the one sulphu- 
 reous, the other chalybeate. 
 
 CASTELLETTO ADONO, WATERS OF. 
 These waters, situate near Acqui, in Italy, are 
 sulphureous. 
 
 CASTERA-VIVENT, WATERS OF. Cas- 
 tera-Vivent is a small village in the department 
 of Gers, near which is a cold acidulous chaly- 
 beate, and another which is sulphureous and 
 thermal. Temp. 84° Fahrenheit. 
 
 CASTIGANS, Corrigent. 
 
 CASTIGLIO'NIA LOBA'TA, Pirloncillo tree. 
 A tree, which is cultivated in some parts of Pern, 
 and grows wild in abundance. Its beautiful fruit, 
 when roasted, has an agreeable flavour. When 
 an incision is made into the stem, a clear bright 
 liquid flows out, which, after some time, becomes 
 black and horny-like. It is a very powerful 
 caustic. 
 
 CASTJOE, Catechu. 
 
 CASTLE-LEOD, WATERS OF. A sulphu- 
 reous spring in Ross-shire, Scotland, celebrated 
 for the cure of cutaneous and other diseases. 
 
 CASTOR BAY, Magnolia glauca. 
 
 Castor Fiber, Filer, Canis Pon'ticus, the 
 Beaver. (F.) Castor. It furnishes the Castor. 
 Rondelet recommends slippers made of its skin 
 in gout. Its blood, urine, bile, and fa't, were for- 
 merly used in medicine. 
 
 Castoe Oil Plant, Ricinus communis. 
 
 CASTO'REUM, Casto'rimn, Castor, Castoreum 
 Bos'sicum et Canaden'se, from /catrrup, ' the bea- 
 ver,' quasi yacrruip, from yao-rrip, ' the belly,' be- 
 cause of the size of its belly. (?) A peculiar 
 matter found in bags, near the rectum of the 
 beaver. Castor f her. Its odour is strong, unplea- 
 sant, and peculiar; taste bitter, subacrid; and 
 colour orange brown. It is antispasmodic, and 
 often employed. Dose, gr. x to Qj. 
 
 CASTORINA, from Castoreum, ' castor.' Me- 
 dicines containing castor. 
 
 CASTRANGULA, Scrophularia aquatica, 
 
 CASTBA r, Oastratus. 
 
 CASTRA'TION, Castra'tio, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia, 
 Evira'tio, Excastra'tio, Etesticida'tio, Ertirpa'tio 
 testicido'rum, Detesta'tio, Exsec'tio viril'ium, Eu- 
 mtcMs'mus, Orehotom'ia, Orclicot'omy, Orcliidot'- 
 omy, (F.) Chutrnre. The operation of removing 
 the testicles. Sometimes the term is employed 
 for the operation when performed on one testicle; 
 hence the division into compdete and incomplete 
 castration. Castration renders the individual in- 
 capable of reproduction. 
 
 CASTRATO, Castratus. 
 
 CASTRA'TUS, (L) Castra'to, Ectom'iua, 
 Emascula'tus, Evira'tvs, Exsec'tus, Deaee'tvs, Ex- 
 testicida'tus, Ex maribiis, Intestab'ilis, Intesta'tiw, 
 Spado, Apoc'op)us, Bago'as, from castrarc, ' to 
 castrate.' (F.) Castrat, Chdtre. One deprived 
 of testicles. This privation has a great influ- 
 ence on the development of puberty. It is 
 adopted to procure a clearer and sharper voice; 
 and in the East, the guardians of the Harem, for 
 the sake of security, are converted into Castra'ti 
 or Eu'nuchs, evvov^oi. Eicnnchs have generally 
 both testes and penis removed. 
 
 CASUS, Prolapsus, Symptom — c. Palpebrte 
 superioris, Blepharoptosis — c. UvuIeb, Staphyloe- 
 dema. 
 
 CAT TAIL, Typha latifolia. 
 
 CATA, Kara, ' downwards,' * after,' applied to 
 time : at times, it gives additional force to the 
 radical word. A common prefix, as in — 
 
 CATAB'ASIS, from Karafiaivi^, 'I descend.' 
 An expulsion of humours downwards. Also, a 
 descent, Descen'sus, Descen'sio, — as of the tes- 
 ticles, Dearen'sHS testiciilo'rutn. 
 
 CATABLE'MA, KarajiXfiiia, {koto and ISaXXuv,) 
 
CATABTTHISMOMANIA 
 
 177 
 
 CATAPLASM 
 
 'any thing let fall, as a curtain,' Epihle'ma, Pe- 
 rible'ma. The outermost handage which secures 
 the rest. 
 
 CATABYTHISMOMA'NIA, from Kara/Ju- 
 Oiiriios, ' submersion,' and fiavia, ' mania.' Insa- 
 nity, with a propensity to suicide by drowning. 
 
 CATACASMUS, Cupping, Scarification. 
 
 CATACAUMA, Burn. 
 
 CATACAUSIS, Combustion, human — c. Ebri- 
 osa, Combustion, human. 
 
 CATACERAS'TICUS, from KaTaKzoawvyn, 'I 
 temper,' 'I correct.' The same as Eplcerojsticus. 
 A medicine capable of blunting the acrimony of 
 humours. 
 
 CATACHASMOS, Scarification. 
 
 CATACHRISIS, Inunction. 
 
 CATACHRISTON, Liniment. 
 
 CATACH'TSIS, Effu'sio, Perfu'sio, from Kara- 
 XEci), 'I pour upon.' Affusion with cold water. — 
 Hippocrates. Decantation. 
 
 CATAC'LASIS, from KaraKla^w, '1 break to 
 pieces.' Cam' pylum, Campylo'tis. Distortion, or 
 spasmodic fixation of the ej'es; spasmodic occlu- 
 sion of the eyelids ; also, fracture of a bone. — 
 Hippocrates, Vogel. 
 
 CATACLEIS'; from Kara, 'beneath,' and kXejj, 
 ' the clavicle ;' ' a lock or fastening,' Kara/cXcia, 
 (Kara and kXeiu), I lock up. This term has been 
 applied to many parts, as to the first rib, the 
 acromion, the joining of the sternum with the 
 ribs, (fee. 
 
 CATACLEI'SIS, same etymon. A locking up. 
 The act of locking up. Morbid union of the eye- 
 lids. 
 
 CATACLYS'MUS, Cataclys'ma, Cata'chjais, 
 from KaTaK\v^eiv, ' to submerge, inundate.' A 
 Clynter. Hippocr. Others mean, by the term, a 
 shower-bath, or copious aflusion of water; Catm- 
 one'sis. Ablution, Douche. 
 
 CAT^OXESIS, Catantlema, Cataclysmus. 
 
 CATAGAUNA, Cambogia. 
 
 CATAGMA, Fracture — c. Fissura, Fissure, see 
 Contrafissura — c. Fractura, Fracture. 
 
 CATAGMAT'ICS, Catagmat'icaremed'ia, from 
 Karayiia, 'fracture.' Remedies supposed to be 
 capable of occasioning the formation of callus. 
 
 CATAGOGLOS'SUM, from Karayav, 'to draw 
 down,' and yXucraa, 'the tongue.' An instrument 
 for pressing down the tongue. See Glossoca- 
 tochus. 
 
 CATAGRAPHOLOGIA, Pharmacocatagra- 
 •phologia. 
 
 CATALEN'TIA. EpOepsy, or some disease 
 resembling it. — Paracelsus. 
 
 CATALEPSIA SPURIA, Ecstasis. 
 
 CAT'ALEPSY, Catalep'sia, Catalep'sis, Cat'- 
 ocJie, Cat'ochus, Cat'ocha Gale'ni, ilorhus atton'- 
 itu8 Celsi, Hyste'ria catalepi'tica, Congela'tio, De- 
 ten'tio, Encatalep'sis, Aphonia — (Hipper.,) Anati'- 
 dia — (Antigenes,) AppreTien'sio, Contempla'tio, 
 Stupor vig"ilans, Prehen'sio, Cants Catalep'sia, 
 Oppres'sio, Comprehen' sio — (Csel. Aurelian,) Com- 
 pren'sio,Apoplex'iaCatalep'sia,{YomKaTa\afilSavo), 
 'I seize hold of.' Trance (?) (F.) Catalepisie. A 
 disease in which there is sudden suspension of 
 the action of the senses and of volition ; the 
 limbs and trunk pi'eserving the different posi- 
 tions given to them. It is a rare affection, but is 
 seen, at times, as a form of hysteria. Some of 
 the Greek writers have used the word in its true 
 acceptation of a seizure, surprise, &c. 
 
 CATALEPTIC, Catalep'ticus, same etymon. 
 Relating to catalepsy. Affected with catalepsy. 
 
 Catalep'tic Method, Meth'odus Catalep'tica. 
 The administration of external agents when in- 
 ternal agents are inapplicable. 
 
 CATALOT'IC, Catalot'icv.^, from (coraXoaco, 'to 
 12 
 
 break or grind down.' A remedy which remorea 
 unseemly cicatrices. 
 
 CATAL'PA, 0. Arho'rea, Bigno'nia Catal'pa, 
 Catal'pa Cordifo'lia, C. Arbores'cens seu Bigno- 
 nioVdes seu Syringmfolia, Catato'ba tree, Indian 
 Bean. A decoction of the pods of the Catalpa, 
 an American tree, of the Nat. Earn. Bignoniacea?, 
 Didynamia Angiospermia, has been recommended 
 in chronic nervous asthma. 
 
 Catalpa Arborea, Catalpa — c. Bignonioides, 
 Catalpa — c. Cordifolia, Catalpa — c. Syringmfolia, 
 Catalpa. 
 
 CATAL'YSIS, Paralysis, from Kara, and X«(d, 
 'I dissolve or decompose.' The action of pre- 
 sence in producing decomposition ; as when a 
 body which possesses what has been termed cata- 
 lytic force resolves other bodies into new com- 
 pounds by mere contact or presence, without 
 itself experiencing any modification. 
 
 CATALYTIC FORCE, see Catalysis. 
 
 CATAMENIA, Menses — c. Alba, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 CATAME'NIAL, Catamenia'lis, Jlen'strual, 
 Men'struus, Men'struotis, (F.) Jlenstruel, from 
 Kara, and firiv, ' a mouth.' Appertaining or relat- 
 ing to the catamenia. 
 
 CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS IMMODICUS, 
 Menorrhagia. 
 
 CATANANCE, Cichorium intyhus. 
 
 CATANGELOS, Ruscus. 
 
 CATANTLE'MA, Catantle'sis, from Kara, 
 'upon,' and avr^aoi, 'I pour.' Cateone'sis and 
 Oatceone'sis. Ablution with warm water. A fo- 
 mentation. — Moschion, Marcellus Empirieus. 
 
 CATAP AS'M A, from Kara-aaaaiJi, ' I sprinkle.' 
 Oatapas'tum, Consper'sio, Epipas'ton, Pasma, 
 Sympas'ma, Empas' ma, Diapas'ma, Xer'ion, Aa- 
 per'sio, Epispas'tum, Pulvia asperso'rius. A com- 
 pound medicine, in the form of powder, employed 
 by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, absorb per- 
 spiration, &c. — Paulus of ^gina. 
 
 CATAPH'ORA, 'a faU,' from KaTa<pcpio, 'I 
 throw down.' A state resembling sleep, with 
 privation of feeling and voice. Somnolency. 
 According to others, Cataphora is simply a pro- 
 found sleep, which it is difficult to rouse from — 
 in this sense being synonymous with Sopor. 
 
 Cataphora Coma, see Apoplexy — e. Hydro- 
 cephalica, see Apoplexy — e. Cymini, Theriaca 
 Londinensis — c. Magnetica, Somnambulism, mag- 
 netic. 
 
 CATAPHRAC'TA, Cataphrac'tes, a Cuirass, 
 from Karacppacrcw, ' I fortify.' A name given by 
 Galen to a bandage applied round the thorax and 
 shoulders. It was also called Quadri'ga. 
 
 CATAPIESIS, Depression. 
 
 CATAPINOSIS, Absorption. 
 
 CATAP'LASIS, from KaTairXaaatD, ' to besmear.' 
 The act of besmearing or overlaying with plaster, 
 
 CAT'APLASM, Cataplas'ma, Epiplas'ma. 
 Boeos, Poidtice, Pultice, from KarairXacrauv, (Kara 
 and T7\a<7aciv, 'to form or mould,') 'to besmear.' 
 (F.) Cataplasme. A medicine applied exter- 
 nally, under the form of a thick pap. Cata- 
 plasms are formed of various ingredients, and for 
 different objects. They may be anodyne, emol- 
 lient, tonic, antiseptic, irritating, &c. A simple 
 poultice acts only by virtue of its warmth and 
 moisture. Mealy, fatty substances, leaves of 
 plants, certain fruits, crumb of bread, &c., aro 
 the most common bases. The chief poultices 
 which have been ofiBcinal are the following :— • 
 Anodyne — c. Cicutee, c. Digitalis. Antiseptic— 
 c. Carbonis, c. Dauci, c. Fermenti, c. Acetosffi, c- 
 CuminL Emollient — c. Lini, e. Panis, c. Mali 
 maturu Irritating — e. Sinapis, c. Sodii chloridi, 
 c. Querciis Marini. Tonic and Astringent — c. 
 Alum, c. Goulard, c. of Roses. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has some other .fS^in^ 
 
CATAPLASMA BTNES 
 
 178 
 
 CATAKACT 
 
 cataplasms. 1. Cataplas'ma anod'ynum, made of 
 poppy and hyoscyamus. 2. Cataplas'ma emolliens, 
 made of m^eal and pulps. 3. Cataplas'ma ad 
 tuppuratio'nem promoven'dam, of pulps and ba- 
 pilicon. 4. Cataplas'ma rubefa'ciens vel anti- 
 pleurit'icum, formed of pepper and vinegar. 
 
 The only cataplasms, the preparation of which it 
 is important to describe, are some of the following : 
 Cataplasm, Alum, Coagulum Aluminosum. — 
 c. of Beer grounds, see Cataplasma Fermenti. — 
 e. Carrot, Cataplasma Dauci. — c. Charcoal, Cata- 
 plasma carbonis ligni. 
 
 CATAPLASMA BYNES, see C. Fermenti. 
 Cataplas'ma Carbo'nis Ligni, Charcoal Cat- 
 aplasm or poultice. Made by adding powdered 
 charcoal to a common cataplasm. Used as an 
 antiseptic to foul ulcers, &c. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Dauci, Carrot Cataplasm, or 
 poultice. Made by boiling the root of the Carrot 
 until it is soft enough to form a poultice. Used 
 in fetid ulcers. 
 
 Cataplas'ma F^culje Cerevisi^, see C. 
 Fermenti. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Feement'i, C. efferves'cens, Yeast 
 Caljplasm or Poidtice, (F.) Cataplasme de Levure. 
 (Take of meal Ibj, yeast, tbss. Expose to a gentle 
 beat.) It is antiseptic, and a good application 
 to bruises. A Cataplasm of Beer Grounds, Cata- 
 plasma Fcb'ciUcb Cerevis'icB, C. Bynes, is used in 
 the same cases. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Sina'pis, C. Sina'peos, Sin'a- 
 pism. Mustard Cataplasm or Poxdtice, (F.) Cata- 
 plasme de Moutard ou Sinapisme. (Ifustard and 
 Linseed meal or meal aa equal parts. Warm 
 vinegar or water, q. s.) A rubefacient and sti- 
 mulant applied to the soles of the feet in coma, 
 low typhus, &c., as well as to the pained part in 
 rheumatism, &c. 
 
 CATAPLEX'IS, iS'^M^or, from Kara, and Tt^riaati), 
 ' I strike.' The act of striking with amazement. 
 Appearance of astonishment as exhibited by the 
 eyes in particular. See Haemodia. 
 CATAPOSIS, Deglutition. 
 CATAPOTTON, Pilula. 
 
 CATAPSYX'IS, from KaTaxpvxo, 'I refrige- 
 iate'; Peripsyx'is. Considerable coldness of the 
 body, without rigor and horripilatio. — Galen, 
 Perfric'tio. Coldness in the extreme parts of the 
 limbs. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CATAPTO'SIS, Beciden'tia, a,/alL This word, 
 at times, expresses the fall of a patient, attacked 
 with epilepsy, or apoplexy ; at others, the sudden 
 v.solution of a paralytic limb. 
 CATAPULTA VIRILIS, Penis. 
 CATAPUTIA MINOR, Euphorbia lathyris, 
 Bicinus communis. 
 
 CAT'ARACT, Catarae'ta, Catarrhac'ta, Suffu'- 
 sio Oc'uli, S. Lentis cry stall' ina, Phtharma cata- 
 rae'ta, Cali'go lentis, Gutta opa'ca, Hypoc'hyma, 
 Hopoc'hysis, ffopoph'ysis, Phacoscoto'ma, Parnp'- 
 sis catarae'ta, Glauco'ma WoulJiou'si, from Kara- 
 pacatLv (Kara and pacro-tiv), 'to tumble down.' A 
 deprivation of sight, which comes on, as if a veil 
 fell before the eyes. Cataract coxicists in opacity 
 of the crystalline lens or its capsule, which pre- 
 vents the passage of the ra,ys of light, and pre- 
 cludes vision. The causes are obscure. Biag- 
 vosis. — The patient is blind, the pupil seems 
 closed by an opake body, of variable colour, but 
 commonly whitish : — the pupil contracting and 
 dilating. Cataracts have been divided, by some, 
 into spurious and genuine. The former, where 
 the obstacle to vision is bef.ween the capsule of 
 the lens and the uvea : the latter, where it is in 
 the lens or capsule. A lenticular cataract is 
 ■where the affection is seated in the lens : — a cap- 
 tidar or membranous, in the capsule. The cap- 
 »ular 18 divided again, by Beer, into the anterior, 
 
 posterior, and complete capsular cataract. TChen 
 the capsule is rendered opake, in consequence 
 of an injury, which cuts or ruptures any part of 
 it, it thickens, becomes leathery, and has been 
 called Catarae'ta arida siliquo'sa. Catarae'ta 
 Morgagnia'na lactea vel purifor'mis, is the milky 
 variety, in which the crystalline is transformed 
 into a liquid similar to milk, (F.) Cataracts lai- 
 teuse ; or, as generally defined, in which there is 
 opacity of the fluid situate between the lens and 
 its capsule. The cap'sulo-lentic'tdar affects both 
 lens and capsule, and Beer conceives the liquor 
 Slorgagni, in an altered state, may contribute to 
 it. Cataracts are also called hard, soft, {Phaco- 
 mala'eia,) stony, (F. pierreuse,) milky or cheesy, 
 [laiteuse ou caseuse, Galactoeatarac'ta, Catarae'ta 
 lactic'olor,) according to their density: — white, 
 pearly, yellow, brown, gray, green, black, (F.) 
 blanche, perlee, jaune, brune, grise, verte, noire, 
 according to their colour : — fixed or vacillatiny, 
 — catarae'ta capsulo-lenticula'ris fixa vel trem'- 
 ula, (F.)fixe ou branlante, according as they are 
 fixed or movable behind the pupil. They are 
 likewise called Catarae'ta niarmora'cim, fenea- 
 tra'tcB, stella'tcB, puncta'tm, dimidia'tcB, <fec., ac- 
 cording to the appearances they present. 
 
 They may also be simple, or complicated with 
 adhesion, amaurosis, specks, <fec. ; and pritnary 
 or primitive, when opake before the operation ; — 
 secondary, when the opacity is the result of the 
 operation. 
 
 The following classification of cataracts is by 
 M. Desmarres: 
 
 Class I. True Cataracts. 
 
 Green. 
 Black. 
 Osseous. 
 
 Stony or chalky. 
 ' Striated,etiolated, 
 barred, dehis- 
 cent, with three 
 branches, &c. 
 ■ Disseminated, or 
 dotted. 
 Congenital. 
 Traumatic. 
 Glaucomatons. ; 
 Morgagnian, or 
 
 interstitial. 
 Cystic, purulent, 
 
 fetid. 
 Shaking, or float- 
 ing. 
 Luxated. 
 ( Pyramidal or ve- 
 i. getant. 
 ( Arid siliquose. 
 All the varieties of lenticular 
 and capsular cataracts. 
 
 ( Lenticular. 
 
 < Capsular. 
 
 ( Capsulo-lenticular. 
 
 a. Lenticular 
 Cataracts. 
 
 Hard. 
 
 Soft. 
 
 b. Capsular 
 Cataracts. 
 
 c. Capsulo- 
 ventricular 
 
 Cataracts. 
 
 d. Secondary 
 Cataracts. 
 
 Liquid. 
 
 Other varie- 
 ties, soft,hard, 
 or liquid. 
 
 I Anterior. 
 1 Posterior. 
 
 Class II. False Cataracts. 
 Fibrinous. 
 Purulent. 
 Sanguineous. 
 Pigmentous. 
 
 Cataract is commonly a disease of elderly in- 
 dividuals, although, notunfrequently, congen'ital. 
 It forms slowly; objeet-s are at first seen a-s 
 through a mist ; light bodies appear to fly before 
 the eyes, and it is not until after months or years 
 that the sight is wholly lost. No means will ob- 
 viate the evil except an operation, which consist« 
 in removing the obstacle to the passage of the 
 
CATARACTA 
 
 179 
 
 CATARRHUS 
 
 light to tlie retina. Four chief methods are em- 
 ployed for this purpose. 1. Couching or Depres- 
 sion, Hyalonix'is, Hyalonyx'is, (F.) Ahaissement, 
 Beplacement de la Cataracte. This consists in 
 passing a cataract needle through the sclerotica 
 and subjacent membranes, a little above the 
 transverse diameter of the eye ; and at about two 
 lines' distance from the circumference of the 
 transparent cornea, until the point arrives in the 
 posterior chamber of the eye. With this the 
 crystalline is depressed to the outer and lower 
 part of the globe of the eye, where it is left. 
 
 2. By absorption, — by the French termed hroie- 
 ment, or bruising. This is performed in the same 
 manner as the former ; except that, instead of 
 turning the crystalline from the axis of the visual 
 rays, it is divided by the cutting edge of the 
 needle, and its fragments are scattered in the 
 humours of the eye, where they are absorbed. 
 
 3. By extraction, which consists in opening, with 
 a particular kind of knife, the transparent cornea 
 and the anterior portion of the capsule of the 
 crystaUine ; and causing the lens to issue through 
 the aperture. Each of the processes has its ad- 
 vantages and disadvantages, and all are used by 
 surgeons. 4. Some, again, pass a cataract needle 
 through the transparent cornea and pupil to the 
 crystalline, and depress or caase its absorption. 
 This is called Keratonyxsis, which see. 
 
 Cataract, Black, Amaurosis — c. Capsular, 
 see Cataract — c. Capsulo-lenticular, see Cataract 
 ■— c. Central, Centradiaphanes — c. Cheesy, see 
 Cataract — c. Congenital, see Cataract — c. Com- 
 plicated, see Cataract — c. Fixed, see Cataract — 
 c. Genuine, see Cataract — c. Hard, see Cataract 
 
 — c. Lenticular, see Cataract — e. Membranous, 
 see Cataract — c. Milkj'', see Cataract — c. Opake, 
 see Cataract — c. Primary, see Cataract — c. Primi- 
 tive, see Cataract — e. Secondary, see Cataract — 
 c. Simple, see Cataract — c. Soft, see Cataract — 
 c. Spurious, see Cataract — c. Stony, see Cataract 
 — c. Vacillating, see Cataract. 
 
 CATAllACTA, Cataract — c. Arida siliquosa, 
 see Cataract — c. Capsulo-lenticularis, see Cata- 
 ract — c. Oentralis, Centradiaphanes — c. Dimidi- 
 ata, see Cataract — c. Fenestrata, see Cataract — 
 c. Glauca, Glaucoma — e. Lacticolor, see Cata- 
 ract — c. Liquida, Hygrocataracta — c. Marmo- 
 racea, see Cataract — c. Morgagniana, see Cata- 
 ract — e. Nigra, Amaurosis — c. Punctata, see 
 Cataract — c. Stellata, see Cataract. 
 
 GATARAGTE, ABAISSEMENT DE LA, see 
 Cataract — c. Blanche, see Cataract — c. Branlante, 
 see Cataract — c. Brum, see Cataract — c. Caseuse, 
 see Cataract — c. Deplacement de la, see Cataract 
 ■ — c. Fixe, see Cataract — c. Grise, see Cataract — 
 c. Jaune, see Cataract — c. Laiteuse, see Cataract 
 
 — c. Noire, Amaurosis, see Cataract — c. Perlee, 
 see Cataract — c. Pierreuse, see Cataract — c. Verte, 
 see Cataract. ^ 
 
 GATARAGTE, (F.) Gatarac'tus, Cafarac'td 
 vitia'tus. One affected with cataract. The French 
 use this term, both for the eye affected with cata- 
 ract and the patient himself. 
 
 CATARIA, see Nepeta — c. Vulgaris, Nepeta. 
 
 CATARRH', Gatar'rhus, Catar' rhopus, Gatar- 
 rheu'ina, Rheuma, Dejiux'io, Gatastag'ma, Phleg- 
 matorrhag"ia,Phlegmatorrha;'a,{rova. Kara, 'down- 
 wards,' and pcio, ' I flow.' A discharge of fluid 
 from a mucous membrane. The ancients consi- 
 dered catarrh as a simple flux, and not as an in- 
 flammation. Generally it partakes of this cha- 
 racter, however. Gatarrh is, with us, usually 
 restricted to inflammation of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the air-passages : the French extend it 
 to that of all mucous membranes; (F.) Flux 
 muqueux, Fluxion catarrhale. 
 
 Catarrh, in the English sense, Broneho-catar'- 
 
 rhva, Pul'monary Catarrh, Lung fever, (vul- 
 garly,) Rheuma Pec'toris, Destilla'tio Pec'toris, 
 Gatar'rhus Pec'toris, G. Pulmo'num, G. Pulmo- 
 na'lis, C. Bronchia'lis, Blennop'tysis, Tus'sis ca- 
 tarrha'lis, simplex, Grave' do (of many), Febris 
 Gatarrha'lis, Blennotho'rax, Bronchi' tis, Gatar'- 
 rhus d Fri' gore, (F.) Gatarrhe pulmonaire, Fitvre 
 Catarrhale, Rhiane de Poitrine, a Cold, is a su- 
 perficial inflammation of the mucous follicles of 
 the trachea and bronchi. It is commonly an af- 
 fection of but little consequence, but apt to re- 
 lapse and become chronic. It is characterized 
 by cough, thirst, lassitude, fever, watery eyes, 
 with increased secretion of mucus from the air- 
 passages. The antiphlogistic regimen and time 
 usually remove it. — Sometimes, the inflammation 
 of the bronchial tubes is so great as to prove 
 fatal. 
 
 Catarrh, Acute, op the Uterus, see Metri- 
 tis — c. Chronic, Bronchitis, (chronic) — c. Dry, 
 see Bronctiuis — c. Pulmonary, Bronchitis, Ca- 
 tarrh — c. Rose, Fever, hay — c. Suffocating ner- 
 vous. Asthma, Thymicum — e. Summer, Fever, 
 hay. 
 
 Catarrh', Epidem'ic, Gatar'rhus epidem'icus, 
 G. d conta'gio, Rheuma epidem'icuni. Catarrh 
 prevailing owing to some particular Gonstitutio 
 aeris, and affecting a whole country, — Lijluenza. ■ 
 
 CATARRHACTA, Cataract. 
 
 CATAR'RHAL, Gatarrha'lis, Gatarrho'icuf, 
 Catar rho'it'icus, Catar rhoet'icus. Relating to 
 catarrh, — as Catarrhal Fever. ^ 
 
 GATARREE AIGUJE DE L' UTERUS, see 
 Metritis — c. Buccal, Aphthae, — c. Convxdsive, 
 Bronchitis — c. Gastrique, Gastritis — c. Guttural, 
 Cynanche tonsillaris — c. Intestinal, Diarrhoea — 
 c. Laryngien, Laryngitis — c. Nasal, Coryza — 
 c. Oculaire, Ophthalmia — c. de l' Oreille, Otir- 
 rhoea — c. Pharyngien, Cynanche parotidea — o. 
 Pitniteux, Bronchorrhoea — c. Pulmonaire, Ca- 
 tarrh — c. Sec ; see Bronchitis — c. Stomacal, Gas- 
 trorrhoea — c. Utirin, Leucorrhcea — e. Ve'sical, 
 Cj'storrhoea. 
 
 CATARRHEC'TICA, from Karaponywiii, 'I 
 break down.' Remedies considered proper for 
 evacuating; — as diuretics, cathartics, &c. Hip- 
 pocrates. 
 
 CATARRHEUMA, Catarrh. 
 
 CATARRHEUX(F.) Catarrho' sus. One sub- 
 ject to catarrh ; affected with catarrh. 
 
 CATARRHEX'IA, Catarrhex'is ; same ety- 
 mon as Gatarrhectica. The action of Catarrhee- 
 tica. Also, effusion; evacuation of the bowels. 
 
 CATARRHEXIS, Catarrhexia, Excrement— 
 c. Vera, Hcematochezia. 
 
 CATARRHCEA, Rheumatism. 
 
 CATARRHOET'ICUS, from Karapp^, '1 flow 
 from.' An epithet for disease produced by a 
 discharge of phlegm ; catarrhal. 
 
 CATAR'RHOPA PHY'MATA.from Karappona, 
 Karappomis, ' sloping downwards.' Tubercles tend- 
 ing downwards, or with their apices downwards 
 
 CATARRHOPHE, Absorption. 
 
 CATARRHOPHESIS, Absorption. 
 
 CATARRHO'PIA, Gatar'rhysis, from /cnro 
 'downwards,' and poir-n, 'inclination.' An affiux 
 of fluids towards the inferior parts, and espe- 
 cially towards the viscera of the abdomen. The 
 Greek word avappoiria expresses an opposite phe- 
 nomenon, or a tendency towards the upper part*. 
 
 CATARRHOPUS, Catarrh. 
 
 CATARRHOS'CHESIS, from Kurappo;, 'ca- 
 tarrh,' and (r%£o-if, 'suppression.' The suppre?- 
 sion of a mucous discharge. 
 
 CATARRHUS, Defluxion, Tussis— c. iEstivus, 
 fever, hay — c. Bellinsulanus, Cynanche paroii- 
 dffia — c. Bronchialis, Catarrh — j3. Eronehioruin, 
 Bronchitis — c. a Contagio, Influenza — c. Spi- 
 
CATARSHYSIS 
 
 180 
 
 CATINUS FUSORIUS 
 
 demicus, Influenza, Catarrh, epidemic — c. Geni- 
 talium, Leucorrhoea — c. Gonorrhoea, Gonorrhoea 
 — e. Intestinalis, Diarrhoea — c. Laryngeus, La- 
 ryngo-catarrhus — e. ad Nares, Coryza — c. Nasa- 
 lis, Coryza — c. Pulmonalis, Catarrh — c. Pulmo- 
 num, Bronchitis, Catarrh — c. Senilis, Bronchitis, 
 (chronic) — e. Suffocativus Barbadensis, C. trache- 
 alis — c. Trachealis, Laryngo-catarrhus — c. Ure- 
 thi-^, Gonnorrhoea pura — c. Urethralis, Gonor- 
 rhoea — c. Vesicse, Cystorrhoea. 
 
 CATARRHYSIS, Catarrhopia, Defluxion. 
 CATARTISIS, Catartismus. 
 CATARTIS'MUS, Catar'ttsis, from Karapn^eiv, 
 ' to repair, replace.' The coaptation of a luxated 
 or fractured bone^ or hernia. 
 CATASAECA, Anasarca. 
 CATASCEUE, Structure. 
 CATASCHASMUS, Bloodletting, Scarification. 
 CATASTAGMUS, Catarrh, Coryza. 
 CATASTALAGMUS, Coryza, Distillation. 
 CATASTALTICA, Hajmatostatica, Sedatives. 
 CATAS'TASIS, from Ka^taTvin, 'I establish.' 
 The constitution, state, condition, &o., of any 
 thing. — Hippocrates. Also the reduction of a 
 bone. See Constitution, and Habit of Body. 
 
 CATAT'ASIS, from KaraTcivw, ' I extend'. Ex- 
 tension. The extension and reduction of a frac- 
 tured limb. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CATATHLIPSIS, Oppression. 
 CATAWBA TREE, Catalpa. 
 CATAXIS, Fracture. 
 
 CATCH FLY, Apoeynum androssemifolium, 
 Silene Virginica. 
 
 CATCHUP, Ketchup. 
 
 CAT'ECHTJ. The extract of various parts of 
 the Aca'cia Cnt'echu, 3Iimo'sa Gat'ecliu, Gamt'- 
 chu, an oriental tree. The drug is also called 
 Terra Japon'ica, Extrac'tum Catechu, Japan 
 Earth, Cascheu, Cadtchu, Cashow, Gaitchu, Cast- 
 joe, Cacait, Gate, Kaath, Cuti, Gutch, Co'ira, Suc- 
 cus Ja2}on'icus, (F.) Cachou, It is a powerful 
 astringent, and is used in diarrhoea, intestinal he- 
 morrhage, i&c. Dose, gr. xv to 2[ss, in powder. 
 Catechu, Squaee, see Nauclea gambir. 
 CATEIAD'IOjST, from Kara, and ua, 'a blade 
 of grass.' A long instrument thrust into the 
 nostrils to excite hemorrhage in headach. — 
 Aretseus. 
 
 CATENA MUSCULUS, Tibialis anticus. 
 CATEONESIS, Catantlema, 
 CATGUT, Galega Virginiana. 
 CATHiE'RESIS, Kadaipccis, 'subtraction, di- 
 minution.' Extenuation or exhaustion, owing to 
 forced exercise. — Hippocrates. The action of 
 catheretics. 
 
 CATH^RETICUS, Catheretic. 
 CATHARETICUS, Cathartic. 
 CATHARISMOS, Depuration. 
 CATHAR'MA, Ptirg anient' uvi. The matter 
 evacuated by a purgative, or by spontaneous 
 purging : also, a cathartic. 
 
 CATHAR'MUS, Same etymon; a purgation. 
 — Hippocrates. Also, the cure of a disease by 
 magic, &c. 
 
 CATHAR'SIS, from Ka^ipeiv, {Kaff and aipeiv, 
 ' to take away,') ' to purge.' Purga'tio, Apoca- 
 thar'aia, Gopropho' ria, Coj^rophore'sis. A natu- 
 ral or axti^cial ptirgation of any passage; — mouth, 
 anus, vagina, &c. 
 
 CATHAR'TIC, Gathar'ticns, Cathare'ticus, 
 Cathor'ma, Goprocrit' icmn, Coprago'guw, Lxtatra- 
 mnn'tum, Purgans medicament' um, TrichiW um, JDe- 
 jecto'rium Remed'ium, Eccathar'ticua, Hypaeti- 
 ma, Hopochoret' icua, Alvum evac'uana, Hypel'atos, 
 Lapae'ticHS, Apocathar'ticus. Same etymon. (F.) 
 Gathartique. A medicine which, when taken in- 
 ternally, increases the number of alvine evacua- 
 tims. Some substances act upon the upper part 
 
 of the intestinal canal, as calomel and coloci/nth ; 
 others, on the lower part, as aloes ; and some on 
 the whole extent, as saline purgatives. Hence a 
 choice may be necessary. Cathartics are divided 
 into purgatives and laxatives. The following is 
 a list of the chief cathartics : 
 
 Aloe, Cassia Marilandica, Colocynthis, Elate- 
 rium, Gambogia, Hydrargyri Chloridum mite, 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum nigrum, Hydrarg. cum 
 Magnesia, Jalapa, Juglans, Magnesia. Magnesia 
 Carbonas, Magnesise Sulphas, Manna, Mannita, 
 Oleum Euphorbise Lathyridis, Oleum Ricini, 
 Oleum Tiglii, Podophyllum, Potassse Acetas, Po- 
 tassje Bisulphas, Potassse Sulphas, Potassae Bi- 
 tartras, Potassse Tartras, Hheum, Scammonium, 
 Senna, Sinapis, Sodse et Potassse Tartras, Sodae 
 Phosphas, Sodse Sulphas, Sodi Chloridum, Sul- 
 phur, Veratria, Aquae Minerales Sulphurese et 
 Salinse, Enemata, Suppositoria. 
 
 CATHARTIN, see Cassia Senna, and Con- 
 volvulus jalapa. 
 
 CA THAU TIQ UE, Cathartic. 
 CATHARTOCARPUS, Cassia fistula. • 
 CATHEDRA, Anus. 
 CATHEMERINUS, Quotidian. 
 CATHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
 CATHERET'IC, Gathareficua, Ectylot'icus, 
 Sarcoph' agiis, from Ka^aipeiv, ' to eat,' ' destroy.' 
 Substances applied to warts, exuberant granula- 
 tions, <fcc., to eat them down. Mild caxiatica. 
 
 CATH'ETER, from Ka^irim {Kaff, and ivfu, 'to 
 send,') ' I explore.' JEne'a, Al'galie, Cathete'ris, 
 Demiasor, Jmmis'sor. A hollow tube, introduced 
 by surgeons into the urinary bladder, for the 
 purpose of drawing oiF the urine. Catheters arc 
 made of silver or elastic gum. See Bougie. The 
 French generally use the word catheter for the 
 solid sound or staff; and algalie and sonde for 
 the hollow instrument. 
 
 Catheter, Nasal. An instrument, invented 
 by M. Gensoul, of Lyons, for catheterizing the 
 ductus ad nasum. It is hook-shaped; the extre- 
 mity, bent at a right angle, is about an inch in 
 length, suited to the distance of the lower orifice 
 of the duet from the nostril, and likewise to the 
 length and form of the duct, with a slight spiral 
 turn. 
 
 CATHETERIS, Catheter. 
 CATHETERISIS, Catheterismus. 
 CATHETERIS'MUS, Gathete'riais, Catheteri- 
 sa'tio, Gath'eterism, Catheteriza'tion, Immis'aio 
 Cathete'ria, same etymon. The introduction of a 
 catheter or sound into the bladder or Eustachian 
 tube. Also probing a wound. Melosis. 
 CATHETERIZATION, Catheterismus. 
 CATH'ETERIZE. To perform the operation 
 of catheterism; — in other words, to introduce the 
 catheter, to probe or sound a cavity. 
 
 CATHID'RYSIS, from Ka^iSpva, ' I place to- 
 gether.' Reduction of a part to its natural situ- 
 ation. 
 
 CATHMIA, Plumbi oxydum semi-vitreum. 
 CATHMIR, Calamina. 
 
 CATHOD'IC, Cathod'icus; from KaB', 'down- 
 wards,' and biog, ' a way.' An epithet applied by 
 Dr. Marshall HaU to a downward course of ner- 
 vous action. 
 
 CATH'OLIC HUMOURS, (F.) Hvmenra Ga- 
 tholiques, are the fluids spread over the whole 
 body. 
 
 CATHOLICON, Panacea. 
 Cathol'icon Duplex. An ancient purging 
 electuary, chiefly composed of cassia, tamarinds, 
 rhubarb, sennn, <fcc. 
 
 CATHOLICUM, Panacea. 
 
 C ATIL'LIA. A weight of nine onnces. 
 
 CATILLUS, Cup. 
 
 CATINUS FUSORIUS, Crucible. 
 
CATLING 
 
 181 
 
 CATJSA 
 
 CATLING, Knife, double-edged. 
 
 CATO, Kara), 'below,' 'beneath.' This word, 
 in the writings of Hippocrates, is often used for 
 the abdomen, especially the intestines. "When he 
 advises a remedy kutui, he means a purgative ; 
 when avio, 'above or upwards,' an emetic. As a 
 prefix, Cafo means 'beneath,' as in 
 
 CATOCATHARTIC, Catocathar'ticus, from 
 jcaru, ' downwards,' and KaS^aipcoi, ' I purge.' A 
 medicine which purges downwards. One that 
 produces alvine evacuations. The antithesis to 
 Anacathartie. 
 
 CATOCHA GALEjSTI, Catalepsy. 
 
 CAT'OCHE, Cat'oeheis, Cat' oehtts, horn. KaTe^oi, 
 ' I retain,' ' I hold fast.' This word has, by some, 
 been used synonymously with Catalepsy ; by 
 others, with Coma vigil ; by others, with Tetanus. 
 
 CATOCHUS, Catoche, Ecstasis — c. Cervinus, 
 Tetanus — e. Holotonieus, Tetanus — c. Infantum, 
 Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 CATOMIS'MOS, from Karui, 'beneath,' and 
 ofjoj, 'shoulder;' Subhumera'tio. A mode with 
 the ancients of reducing luxation of the humerus 
 by raising the body by the arm. — Paulus of Mgina. 
 
 CATOPTER, Speculum. 
 
 CATOP'TRIC EXAMINATION OF THE 
 EYE. When a lighted candle is held before the 
 eye, the pupU of which has been dUated by bella- 
 donna, three images of it are seen — two erect, and 
 one inverted: — the former owing to reflection 
 from the cornea and anterior surface of the crys- 
 talline ,• the latter owing to reflection from the 
 posterior layer of the crystalline. This mode of 
 examining the eye has been proposed as a means 
 of diagnosis between cataract and amaurosis. In 
 the latter, all the images are seen. 
 
 CATOPTROMANCY, from KaTOirrpov, {Kara, 
 and o-arojiai,) 'a mirror,' and fiavreta, 'divination.' 
 A kind of divination by means of a mirror. 
 
 CATOPTRON, Speculum. 
 
 CATORCHI'TES. A kind of sour wine, pre- 
 pared with the orchis and black grape, or dried 
 figs. It was formerly employed as a diuretic and 
 emmenagogue. — Dioscorides. Called, also, St/ci'- 
 tes. — Galen. 
 
 CATORETICUS, Purgative. 
 
 CATOTERICUS, Purgative. 
 
 CATO'TICA, from kutio, 'beneath.' Diseases 
 infecting internal surfaces. Pravity of the fluids 
 or emunctories, that open on the internal surfaces 
 of organs. The second order La the class Eecri- 
 tica of Good. 
 
 CATOX'YS, Peracu'tus, from Kara, 'an inten- 
 sive,' and ofuf, 'acute.' Highly acute J &s ilorbus 
 Catoxys, 31. Peracu'tus, a very acute disease. 
 
 CAT'S EYE, AMAUROTIC, see Amaurotic. 
 
 CAT'SFOOT, Antennaria dioica. 
 
 CATTAGAUMA, Cambogia. 
 
 CATTITEROS, Tin. 
 
 CATULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 CATU-TRIPALI, Piper longum. 
 
 CAUCALIS CAROTA, Daucus carota— c. Sa- 
 nicula, Sanieula. 
 
 CAUCALOIDES, Patella. 
 
 CAUCASIAN, see Homo. 
 
 GAUCHEMAR, Incubus. 
 
 CAUCHEVIEILLE, Incubus. 
 
 CAUCHUC, Caoutchouc. 
 
 CAUDA, Coccyx, Penis. 
 
 Cauda Equi'na. The spinal marrow, at its 
 termination, about the second lumbar vertebra, 
 gives off a considerable number of nerves, which, 
 when unravelled, resemble a horse's tail, — hence 
 the name; (F.) Queue de Cheval, Q. de la Moelle 
 Epiniere. See Medulla Spinalis. 
 
 Cauda Salax, Penis. 
 
 CAUDAL, Caudate, Cauda'Us, Cauda'tus; from 
 Cauda, 'a tail.' Relating or appertaining to a 
 tail Having a tail or tail-like appendage : — 
 
 as 'caudal or caudate corpuscles* — corpnselea 
 having a tail-like appendage, as in cancerous 
 growths. 
 
 CAUDATE, Caudal. 
 
 CAUDATIO, CUtorism. 
 
 CAUDATUS, Bicaudatus. 
 
 CAUDIEZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cau- 
 diez is a small town, nine leagues from Perpig- 
 nan, in France, where there is a thermal spring, 
 containing a little sulphate of soda and iron. 
 
 CAUDLE: (F.) Chaudeau, eJiavd, 'warm or 
 hot.' A nourishing gruel given to women during 
 the childbed state. The following is a form for 
 it : Into a pint of fine gruel, not thick, put, whUst 
 it is boUing hot, the yolk of an egg beaten with 
 sugar, and mixed with a large spoonful of cold 
 water, a glass of wine, and nutmeg. Mix the 
 whole well together. Brandy is sometimes sub- 
 stituted for the wine, and lemon peel or capillaire 
 added. It is also sometimes made of gruel and 
 beer, with sugar and nutmeg. 
 
 CAUL, from (L.) caida, 'a fold,' Pilus, Pile'- 
 olus, Ga'lea, Vitta, (F.) Coeffe, Coiffe — {Etre ni 
 coeffe — ' to be born with a caul.') The English 
 name for the omentum. When a child is born 
 with the membranes over the face, it is said to 
 have been 'lorn toith a caul.' In the catalogue 
 of superstitions, this is one of the favourable 
 omens. The caul itself is supposed to confer 
 privileges upon the possessor; hence the mem- 
 branes are dried, and sometimes sold for a high 
 price. See Epiploon. 
 
 CAULE'DON, Cieye'don,iTomKavXoi, 'a stalk.' 
 A transverse fracture. 
 
 CAU'LIFLOWER, (G.) Kohl, 'cabbage,' and 
 flower [ ? ], Brassica Florida. 
 
 Cauliflower Excres'cence, Excrescen'tia 
 Sypliilit'ica, (F.) Ohoufleur. A syphilitic ex- 
 crescence, which appears about the origin of the 
 mucous membranes, chiefly about the anus and 
 vulva, and which resembles, in appearance, the 
 head of the cauliflower. 
 
 CAULIS, Penis — c. Florida, Brassica Florida, 
 
 CAULOPHYL'LUM THALICTROi'DES, 
 Leon'tice thalictroi'des, Blueberry Cohosh, Cohosh, 
 Cohush, Blueberry, Papoose Boot, Squaie Boot, 
 Blue Ginseng, Yellow Ginseng, a plant of the Fa- 
 mily BerberidcEe ; Sex. Syst. Hesandria Mono- 
 gyuia, which grows all over the United States, 
 flowering in May and June. The infusion of the 
 root is much used by the Indians in various dis- 
 eases. To it are ascribed emmenagogue and dia- 
 phoretic virtues. 
 
 CAULOPLE'GIA, from Kav\og, 'the male or- 
 gan,' and -Kkriyrit ' a wound,' or ' stroke,' An in- 
 jury or paralysis of the male organ. 
 _ CAULORRHAGIA, Stimatosis— c. Ejaculat-o- 
 ria, Spermato-cystidorrhagia — c. Stillatitia, Ure- 
 throrrhagia. 
 
 CAULORRHCEA BENIGNA, Gonorrhoea 
 pura. 
 
 CAULUS, Penis. 
 
 C AUMA, Kav/ia, ' a burnt part,' from (caiu, ' I 
 burn.' Great heat of the body or atmosphere. 
 Synocha, Empresma. 
 
 Cauma Bronchitis, Cynanehe trachealis — e. 
 Carditis, Carditis — c. Enteritis, Enteritis — e. 
 Gastritis, Gastritis — c. Hasmorrhagicum, Heemor- 
 rhagia activa — c. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — c. Oph- 
 thalmitis, Ophthalmia — c. Peritonitis, Peritonitis 
 — c. Phrenitis, Phrenitis — e. Pleuritis, Pleuritis 
 — c. Podagricum, Gout — c. Rhtfumatismus, Rheu- 
 matism, acute. 
 
 CAUMATO'DES, Caumate'rus, from -cavna, 
 ' fire-heat.' Burning hot. Febris caximato'dct, 
 F. causo'des. Inflammatory fever. Synocha. 
 
 CAUNGA, Areca. 
 
 CAUSA CONJUNCT A, Cause, ^.toximate — e. 
 Contiaens, Cause, proximate. 
 
CAUS^ 
 
 182 
 
 CAUSTICUM 
 
 CAIJS^ ABDIT^, Causes, predisponent or 
 remote — c. Actuales, Causes, occasional — c. Prse- 
 incipierites. Causes, procatarctic — c. Proegume- 
 nae,' Causes, predisponent. 
 
 CAUSE, Cau'sa,Ai'tia,Ai'tion. An act -wMcli 
 precedes another, and seems to be a necessary 
 condition for the occurrence of the latter. The 
 causes of disease are generally extremely ob- 
 scure; although they, sometimes, are evident 
 enough. The predisponent and occasional causes 
 are the only two, on which any stress can be 
 laid; but as authors have divided them differ- 
 ently, a short explanation is necessary. 
 
 Cause, Ac'cessobt, (F.) Cause Aceessoire. 
 One which has only a secondary influence in the 
 production of disease. 
 
 Causes, Accidext'al, Common Causes, (F.) 
 Causes Accidentelles, are those which act only 
 in certain given conditions ; and which do not 
 always produce the same disease. Cold, e. g., 
 may be the accidental cause of pneumonia, rheu- 
 matism, &c, 
 
 CAUSES CACHE ES, C. occult^c. Common, 
 C. accidental — c. Exciting, C. Occasional — c. Es- 
 sential, C. Specific — c. Determin antes, C. Specific 
 — c. Eloignees, C. Predisponent. 
 
 Causes, Extern'al, (F.) Causes externes, are 
 Buch as act externally to the individual ; as air, 
 cold, &c. 
 
 CAUSES F0R3IELLES, (F.) are such as 
 determine the form or kind of disease. They 
 difi"er from the Causes materielles, which are 
 common to a set of diseases ; as, to the neuroses, 
 phlegmasise, &c. 
 
 Causes, Hiddejt, C. Occult. 
 
 Causes, Isteex'al, (F.) Causes Internes, are 
 those which arise within the body ; — as mental 
 emotions, <fec. 
 
 Causes, Mechan'ical, (F.) Causes mecaniques, 
 are those which act mechanically, as pressure 
 upon the windpipe in inducing suffocation. 
 
 Causes, KEa'AiiVE, (F.) Causes negatives, com- 
 prise all those things, the privation of which 
 may derange the functions; — as abstinence too 
 long continued. They are opposed to positive 
 causes, which, of themselves, directly induce dis- 
 ease; — as the use of indigestible food, spirituous 
 drinks, <tc. 
 
 Causes, Obscure, C. Occult. 
 
 Causes, Occa' signal, Exci'ting Causes, Causa 
 actua'les, (F.) Causes occasionelles, are those 
 which immediately produce disease. The occa- 
 sional causes have been divided into the cogniz- 
 ahle and non-cognizable. — C. J. B. Williams. 
 
 f I. Cognizable Agents. 
 
 1. Mechanical. 
 
 2. Chemical. 
 
 3. Ingesta. 
 
 4. Bodily exertion. ' 
 6. Mental emotion. 
 
 6. Excessive evacuation. 
 
 7. Suppressed or defective evacua- 
 
 tion. 
 
 8. Defective cleanliness, ventilation 
 
 and draining. 
 
 9. Temperature and changes. 
 
 II. Non-Cognizable Agents. 
 ]. Endemic. "| 
 
 3. Infectious, j 
 
 excitixg 
 Causes 
 
 OP 
 
 Disease. 
 
 Causes, Occvlt' , Hidden causes, Obscure causes, 
 (F.) Catises oecultes ou cachees ou obscures. Any 
 sauses with which we are unacquainted; also, 
 
 certain inappreciable characters of the atmo- 
 sphere, which give rise to epidemics. 
 
 Causes, Phys'ical, (F.) Causes PJii/siques, — 
 those which act by virtue of their physical pro- 
 perties ; as form, hardness, &c. All vulneratiug 
 bodies belong to this class. 
 
 Causes, Physiolog"ical, (F.) Cmises Plujaio- 
 logiques, those which act only on living matter ; 
 — narcotics, for example. 
 
 Causes, Peedispo'jient, Remote causes, Causes 
 pro'egu'mencB, Causes ab'dita, Causa remo'tas ; 
 (F.) Causes predisponantes. Causes eloignees, — 
 those which render the body liable to disease. 
 They may be general, affecting a number of peo- 
 ple, ox particular, affecting only one person. 
 
 Causes, Pein'cipal, (F.) Causes principales 
 — those which exert the chief influence on the 
 production of disease, as distinguished from the 
 accessory causes. 
 
 Causes, Peocatahc'tic, Causes procatarc'ticm, 
 Causes 2^''(Bincipien'tes, from TpoKarapKriKo;, 'tho 
 origin or beginning of a thing,' {Karapxi^! 'I be- 
 gin,' and Tzpo, ' before.') These words have been 
 used with different significations. Some have 
 employed them synonymously yriih predispoyieni 
 or remote causes y others with occasional or excit- 
 ing causes. 
 
 CAUSE PROCHAINE, C. proximate. 
 
 Cause, Peox'imate, Causa prox'-ima vel con'- 
 tinens vel conjunc'ta, (F.) Cause continente oupro- 
 chaine, may be the disease itself. Superabundance 
 of blood, e. g., is the proximate cause of plethora- 
 
 Causes, Remote, C. predisponent. 
 
 Causes, Specie'ic, Essen'tial causes, &c., (F.) 
 Causes specifiques, C. essentielles, C. determinantes; 
 those which always produce a determinate dis- 
 ease ; special contagion, for example. 
 
 CAUSIS, Burn, Ebullition, Fermentation, In- 
 cendium, Ustion. 
 
 CAUSOMA, Inflammation. 
 
 CAUS'TIC, Caus'ticus, Cauieret'icus, DicBret'- 
 icus, Ero'dens, Adu'rene, Urens, Pyrot'icua, from 
 Kuim, 'I burn.' (F.) Caustique. Bodies, which 
 have the property of causticity; and which con- 
 sequently, burn or disorganize animal substances. 
 The word is also used substantively. The most 
 active are called Escharot'ics. Caustics are also 
 termed ' corrosives.' 
 
 Caustic Beaeer, Porte-pierre. 
 
 CAUSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization. 
 
 CAUSTICITY, Caustic"itas, from KavcTtKo;, 
 'that which bums,' {Kaiu>, 'I burn.) The impres- 
 sion which caustic bodies make on the organ of 
 taste ; or, more commonly, the property which 
 distinguishes those bodies. 
 
 CAUSTICOPHOPuUM, Porte-pierre. 
 
 CAUSTICUM ^THIOP'ICUM, Uitguen'tum 
 Melan'icum caus'ticum. A sort of paste, made b^ 
 rubbing powdered saffron with concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, recommended by Velpeau as a caus- 
 tic in cases of gangrenous and carcinomatous ul- 
 cers. The acid is the caustic : the saffron, th€ 
 constituent merely. 
 
 Causticum Alkalinum, Potassa fusa — c. Ame- 
 ricanum, Veratrum sabadilla — e. Antimoniale, 
 Antimonium muriatum. 
 
 Causticum Commu'ne, Poten'tial Cautery, Com- 
 mon Caustic, Cavte'rium potentia'le. Lapis sep'- 
 ticus, Caus'ticum commu'ne mit'ius. This con- 
 sists of quicklime and black soap, of each equaJ 
 parts. 
 
 Causticum Commune, Potassa fusa — c. Com- 
 mune acerrimum, Potassa fusa — c. Commune for- 
 tius, Potassa cum calce — c. Lunare, Argenti nitras 
 — e. Potentiale, Potassa fusa — c. Salinum, Po- 
 tassa fusa — c. Viennense fusum Filhos, see Pow- 
 der, Vienna. 
 
CAUSTIQUE 
 
 183 
 
 CAVERNOUS 
 
 GAUSTIQUE, Caustic. 
 
 OAUSTIQUE FILHOS, see Powder, Vienna. 
 
 GAUSTIQUE BE VIENNE, Powder, Vi- 
 enna. 
 
 CAUSUS, from Kaiw, 'I burn.' A highly ar- 
 dent fever; Deu'rens. Pinel regards it as a com- 
 plication of bilious and inflammatory fever ; 
 Broussais, as an intense gastritis, accompanied 
 with bUious symptoms. See Synocha. 
 
 Catjscs, Endemial, op the West Indies, 
 Fever, Yellow — c. Tropicus endemicus, Fever, 
 YeUow. 
 
 CAUTEJl, Cauterium. 
 
 GA UTERE, Cauterium, Fonticulus — c. Inhe- 
 rent, Inherent cautery. 
 
 CAUTERETICUS, Caustic. 
 
 CAUTERETS, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Cauterets is a bourg seven leagues from Bareges 
 (Hautes-Pyrenees,) France. The waters are hy- 
 drosulphurous and thermal — temperature 123° F. 
 They are used in the same cases as the Bareges 
 water. 
 
 CAUTERIASMUS, Cauterization. 
 
 CAUIE'RIUM, Cauterium actua'le, Gauter, 
 Cau'tery, Inu-sto'rium, Hiqjto'rium, Ignis actua'lis, 
 from /ca<w, ' I burn.' (F.) Cautere, Feu actuel. A 
 substance, used for ' firing,' burning or disorga- 
 nizing the parts to which it is applied. Cauteries 
 were divided by the ancients into actual and po- 
 tential. The word is now restricted to the red- 
 hot iron : or to positive burning. It was, for- 
 merly, much used for preventing hemorrhage 
 from divided arteries ,• and also with the same 
 views as a bUster. The te.rva.PoteH'tial Cautery, 
 Caute'rium potentia'le, Ignis potentia'lis, (¥.) Feu 
 potentiel, was generally applied to the caueticiim 
 commune, but it is now used synonymously with 
 caustic in general. Cautere also means an issue. 
 
 CAtTTERiUM AcTUALE, Cauterium. 
 
 CAUTERIZA'TIOiSr, Cauterisa'tio, Cauterias'- 
 mus, Exus'tio, Inus'tio, Cans' ticaAdu^'tio. Firing. 
 The effect of a cautery. The French, amongst 
 whom cauterization is much used, distinguished 
 five kinds : 1, Cauterisation Inherente, which con- 
 gists in applying the actual cautery freely, and 
 with a certain degree of force, so as to disorganize 
 deeply. 2. Cauterisation transcurrente, which 
 consists in passing the edge of the Cautere eultel- 
 laire, or the point of the Cautere conique lightly, 
 so as not to disorganize deeply. 3. Cauterisation 
 par pointes, which consists in appljnng on the 
 skin, here and there, the hot point of the conical 
 cautery, with sufficient force to cauterize the 
 whole thickness of the skin. 4. Cauterisation 
 lente, slow cauterization, by means of the moxa. 
 5. Caut-erisation objective, which consists in hold- 
 ing the cautery at some distance from the part 
 to be acted upon by it. 
 
 Cau'tebize; Oaustico adurere ; (F.) Cau- 
 teriser. To apply the cautery. To burn with a 
 cautery. 
 
 CAUTERT, Cauterium — c. Potential, Causti- 
 cum commune. 
 
 CAVA, Vulva. 
 
 Cava Vena, Vena hepati'tes. The hollow or 
 deep-seated vein. (F.) Veine cave. A name 
 given to the two great veins of the body, which 
 meet at the right auricle of the heart. The vena 
 cava supe'i^ior, thorac"iea vel descen'dens, is 
 formed by the union of the subclavians ; and re- 
 ceives successively, before its termination at the 
 upper part of the right auricle, the inferior thy- 
 roid, right iiiternal mammary, superior diaphrag- 
 tnatic, o.zygos, &c. The vena cava infe'rior, ab- 
 domina'lis vel aseen'dens, arises from the union 
 of the two primary iliacs, opposite the fourth or 
 fifth lumbar vertebra, receives the middle sacral, 
 lumbar, right spermatic, hepatic, and inferior dia- 
 
 phragmatics, and opens at the posterior and in- 
 ferior part of the right auricle. 
 
 CAVATIO, Cavity. 
 
 CAVEA, Cavity — c. Narium, Nares. 
 
 CAVER'NA, Antrum. ' A cavern.' This term 
 has been used for the female organs of generation. 
 See Cavity, and Vulva. 
 
 Caverna NARiuir, Nares. 
 
 CAVERNS DENTIUM, AlveoU dentmm— c. 
 Frontis, Frontal Sinuses. 
 
 CAVERNEUX, Cavernous. 
 
 CAVERNOUS, Caverno'sus, (F.) Caverneux. 
 Filled with small cavities or caverns, — as a 
 sponge. 
 
 CAVERNors Bodies, Cor'pora Cavemos' a oi th^ 
 penis, Cor'pora nervo'su, C. Ner'veo-spiongio'sa 
 Penis, (F.) Cordis Caverneux. The corpus caver- 
 nosum is a kind of cylindrical sac, composed of 
 cells ; separated, through its whole extent, by a 
 vertical, incomplete septum. Septum pectinifo-r' - 
 me, and forming nearly two-thirds of the penis. 
 The corpus cavernosum, on each side, arises from 
 the ascending portion of the ischium, and termi- 
 nates obtusely behind the glans. The arteries 
 of the corpora cavernosa come from the internal 
 pudic. See Helicine Arteries. Nerves are found 
 on the surface of the outer membrane, but they 
 do not appear to penetrate the substance, and the 
 smooth muscular fibre has been traced into the 
 fibrous parietes of the cells, as in the case of all 
 erectile tissues. 
 
 J. Miiller's researches have led him to infer, 
 that both in man and the horse, the nerves of the 
 corpora cavernosa are made up of branches pro- 
 ceeding from the organic as well as the animal 
 system, whUst the nerves of animal life alone 
 provide the nerves of sensation of the penis. 
 
 Caversotis Bodies, Corp)ora Cavernosa of the 
 cut' oris, are two hollow crura, forming the clitoris. 
 
 Cavernous Body of the Vagi'na, Corpus Ca- 
 verno'siun Vagi'ncB, Plexus retiform'is, is a sub- 
 stance composed of blood-vessels and cells, simi- 
 lar to those of the penis and clitoris, which covers 
 the outer extremity of the vagina, on each side. 
 It serves to contract the entrance to the vagina 
 during coition. 
 
 Cavernous Ganglion, see Carotid or Carotic 
 Nerve. 
 
 Cavernous Respira'tion, (F.) When a cavity 
 exists in the lungs, and one or more ramifications 
 of the bronchia terminate in it, a loud tubal noise 
 is emitted, provided the cavity be not filled with 
 fluid, which is called cavernous resptiration. In 
 this condition, the cough is cavernous likewise, 
 (F.) Toux Cavei-neuse. When the capacity of the 
 cavern is very great, the sound of the respiration 
 is like that produced by blowing into a decanter, 
 with the mouth at a little distance from the neck. 
 This kind of cavernous respiration has been called 
 amphoric, from amphora, 'a flask;' (F.) Resjn- 
 ration arnphorique, Souffle ampihorique, S. metal- 
 lique. 
 
 The Veiled Puff, (F.) Sotiffle voile, is a modi- 
 fication of the cavernous respiration, in which, 
 according to Laennec, "a sort of movable veil 
 interposed between the excavation and the ear" 
 seems to be agitated to and fro. It is a sign 
 which is not attended to. 
 
 Cavernous Sinus, Sinus Caverno'sus, Sinva 
 polymor'phus seu Receptac'ulum, S. sphenoidalis, 
 Receptac'ulum sell-cB equi'ncB lat'eribus ajyjios' itum , 
 (F.) Sinus caverneux. The Cav'ernous Si'nuset 
 are venous cavities of the dura mater, filled with 
 a multitude of reddish, soft filaments, intersect- 
 ing each other; and, as it were, reticulated. 
 They commence behind the inner part of the 
 sphenoid fissure, pass backwards on the «ides of 
 the fossa pituitaria, and terminate by opening 
 
CAVIALB 
 
 184 
 
 CELL 
 
 into a cavity, common to the superior and infe- 
 rior petrosal sinuses. They receive some menin- 
 geal veins, the ophthalmic veins, &c. The ante- 
 rior extremity of each cavernous sinus has been 
 named the ophthal'mic simw. 
 
 Cavernous .Texture or Tissue, (F.) Tisau 
 caverneux. The spongy substance which forms 
 the greater part of the penis and clitoris. It 
 seems to consist of a very complicated lace-work 
 of arteries and veins ; and, probably, of nervous 
 filaments, with small fibrous plates, which form 
 by their decussation numerous cells communicat- 
 ing with each other. This spongy texture pro- 
 duces erection, by dilating and swelling on the 
 influx of blood ; and probably, also, by virtue of 
 some property inherent in it. 
 
 CAVIALE, Caviare. 
 
 CAVIARE', Caviar, Caviale, Kaviac. A culi- 
 nary preparation, much used by certain people, 
 and made on the shores of the Black and Caspian 
 Seas, from the roe of the sturgeon, mixed with 
 salt and other condiments. 
 
 CAVIC'ULA, Cavil' la, from cavus, 'hollow.' 
 The ankle or space between the malleoli. Some 
 have given this name to the os cuneiforme. See 
 Astragalus. 
 
 CAVICUL^ PEDIS NODUS, Tarsus. 
 
 CAVILLA, Astragalus, Cavicula. 
 
 CAVITAS ANTROSA AURIS, Tympanum— 
 c. Buccinata, Cochlea — e. Cochleata, Cochlea. 
 
 Cavitas Digitata Ventricuh Lateralis, 
 Cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis. 
 
 Cav'itas Ellip'tica, AmpuVla, Sinus ampul- 
 la'ceus. A dilatation at one end of the semicir- 
 cular canals of the ear. 
 
 Cavitas Humeri Glenoides, see Glenoid — e. 
 Narium, Nares — c. Oculi, Orbit — c. Oris, Mouth 
 — c. Pulpae, see Tooth. 
 
 CAVITATES CEREBRI, Ventricles of the 
 brain — c. Durae matris. Sinuses of the dura mater 
 — c. Innominatse, Auricles of the heart — c. Inter- 
 scapulares, see Interscapularis. 
 
 GA VITE, Cavity — c. JDentaire, Dental cavity — 
 c. des Epiploons, see Peritonaeum — c. du Ti/mpan, 
 Tympanum. 
 
 CAVITY, Cav'itas, Oavum, Ooe'lotes, Coelon, 
 Ca'vea, Caver'na, Cava'tio, (F.) CavitS. Every 
 thing hollow, as the cranium, mouth, nasal 
 fossae, &c. 
 
 Cavities, Splanchnic, (F.) Cavites splanch- 
 niques, are those which contain the viscera. 
 They are three in number; — the cranium, chest, 
 and abdomen. The cavities of bones, connected 
 with joints or otherwise, are described under 
 their particular denominations. 
 
 CAVUM, Cavity — c. Abdominis, see Abdomen. 
 
 Cavum Cra'nii, Venter Siipre'mus. The cavity 
 formed by the proper bones of the cranium. 
 
 Cavum Dentis, see Tooth — c. Narium, Nares 
 — c. Oris, Mouth — c. Tympani, Tympanum. 
 
 CAYAN, Phaseolus Creticus. 
 
 CAZABI, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CEANOTHOS, Cirsium arvense. 
 
 CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, Celastrus— c. 
 Trinervis, Celastrus. 
 
 CEAR, Heart. 
 
 CEASMA, Fissure. ' 
 
 CEBI GALLI'NiE, The Hver of the fowl, 
 bruised. — Castelli. 
 
 CEBIP'ARA. A large Brazilian tree, whose 
 bitter and astringent bark is used in making anti- 
 rheumatic baths and fomentations 
 
 CBCBS, see Quercus alba. 
 
 OECITE, Csecitas. 
 
 CEDAR, RED, Juniperus Virginiana. 
 
 CEDEIA, Embalming. 
 
 CEDMA, Aneurism, Varix. 
 
 CED'MATA, KeiftaTa. Rheumatic pains of the 
 joints, especially of the hips, groin, or genital 
 organs. A form of gout or rheumatism. 
 
 CEDRAT, Citrus medica. 
 
 CEDRELE'UM, from Kiipoi, 'the cedar,' and 
 tKaiov, ' oil.' The oil of cedar. — Pliny. 
 
 . CE'DRIA, Ce'drium, Ce'drinum, Cedri lach' - 
 ryma, Alkitran. The oil or resin which flows 
 from the cedar of Lebanon. It was supposed to 
 possess great virtues. — Hippocrates, Foesiup, 
 Scribonius Largus, Dioscorides. It ias been 
 supposed to be the same as the pyroligneous 
 acid. See Pinus Sylvestris. 
 
 CE'DRINUM VINUM, Cedar Wine. A wine 
 prepared by steeping half a pound of bruised 
 cedar berries in six French pints of sweet wine. 
 It is diuretic and subastringent. 
 
 CEDRI'TES, from Ke&poq, 'the cedar.' A wine 
 prepared from the resin of cedar and sweet wine. 
 It was formerly employed as a vermifuge, <fec. 
 
 CEDRIUM, Cedfia. 
 
 CEDROMELA, see Citras medica. 
 
 CEDRON, see Simaba cedron. 
 
 CEDRONELLA, Melissa— c. Triphylla, Dra- 
 cocephalum canariense. 
 
 CEDROS, Juniperus lycia. 
 
 CEDROSTIS, Bryonia alba. 
 
 CEDRUS BACCIFERA, Juniperus sabina— 
 c. Mahogani, Sweetenia mahogani. 
 
 CEINTURE, Cingulum, Herpes zoster. 
 
 OEINTURE BLANCHE BE LA CHO- 
 ROIDE, Ciliary ligament. 
 
 CEINTURE BARTREUSE, Herpes zoster— 
 c. de Hildane, Cingulum Hildani — c. de Vif Ar- 
 gent, Cingulum mercuriale. 
 
 CELANDINE, Impatiens— c. Common, Cheli- 
 donium majus — c. Lesser, Ranunculus flcaria — c. 
 Poppy, Stylophorum diphyllum. 
 
 CELAS'TRUS, Celas'tiis, Ceano'thm Ameri- 
 ca'nus sen triner'vis. New Jersey Tea, Red Root. 
 Used by the American Indians, in the same man- 
 ner as lobelia, for the cure of syphilis. It is 
 slightly bitter and somewhat astringent. A 
 strong infusion of the dried leaves and seeds has 
 been recommended in aphthae, and as a gargle in 
 scarlatina. 
 
 Celastrus Scandens, CUmhing Stafftree. A 
 climbing American shrub, the bark of which is 
 said to possess emetic, diaphoretic, and narcotic 
 properties. 
 
 GELATION, (F.) Concealment, from celare, 
 ' to conceal.' A word used by French medico- 
 legal writers for cases where there has been con- 
 cealment of pregnancy or delivery. 
 
 CELE, »o?Xj7, 'a tumour, protrusion, or rupture;' 
 a very common suffix, as in hydrocele, bubono- 
 cele, &e. See Hernia. 
 
 • CEL'ERY, (F.) Cileri. The English name for 
 a variety of Apivm graveolens. 
 
 Celery, Wild, Bubon galbanum, 
 
 CELETA, see Hernial. 
 
 CELIA, Cerevisia. 
 
 CELTAQUE, Coeliac. 
 
 CELIS, (cr/Xis, 'a spot, a stain.' A macula, or 
 spot on the skin. 
 
 CELL, Cella. A small cavity. The same sig- 
 nification as cellule. Also, a vesicle composed 
 of a membranous cell-wall, with, usually, liquid 
 contents. The whole organiTied body may be re- 
 garded as a congeries of cells having different 
 endowments, each set being concerned in special 
 acts, connected with absorption, nutrition, and 
 secretion, wherever an action of selection or ela- 
 boration has to be eS"ected. These cells are gene- 
 rally termed primary, elementary, or primordial. 
 AVhen they give rise to other cells, they are, at 
 times, termed parent or mother cella ; the result- 
 ing cells being termed daughter cells. 
 
CELL-WALL 
 
 185 
 
 CENIPLAM 
 
 Cell, Apoplectic, see Apoplectic cell — e. 
 Bronehic, Cellule, bronchic — c. Calcigerous, see 
 Tooth — e. Daughter, see Cell — c. Elementai-y, 
 see Cell. 
 
 Cell, Epider'mic or Epithe'lial. The cells 
 or corpuscles that cover the free membranous sur- 
 faces of the body, and which form the epidermis 
 and epithelium, are termed 'epidermic or epithe- 
 lial cells.' They are developed from germs fur- 
 nished by the subjacent membrane. 
 
 Cell, Epithelial, Cell, epidermic — c. Fat, 
 see Fatty vesicles — c. Germ, Cytoblast — c. Ger- 
 minal, see Cytoblast — c. Nucleated, see Cyto- 
 blast. 
 
 Cell Life. The life which is possessed by 
 the separate cells that form the tissues, and by 
 which the nutrition of the tissues is presumed to 
 be effected. 
 
 Cell, Mother, see Cell — c. Parent, see Cell. 
 Cell, Pigment. Pigment cells are mingled 
 with the epidermic cells, and are most manifest 
 in the coloured races. They are best seen on the 
 inner surface of the choroid of the eye, where 
 they form the pigmentiini nigrum. 
 
 Cell, Primary, see CeU — c. Primordial, see 
 Cell. 
 
 CEJiL WALL, see Cell. 
 CELLA TURCICA, Sella Turcica. 
 CELLULA, CeUule. 
 
 CELLULiE, see Colon — c. Medullares, see 
 Medullary membrane — c. Pulmonales, Cellules 
 bronchic, see Pulmo — c. Bronchicse, see Cellule. 
 CEL'LULAR, Cellula'ris, Cellulo'su^, (F.) Gel- 
 lulaire. Composed of cells or cellules, from cella 
 or cellula, ' a cell.' 
 
 Cel'lular Mem'brane, Memhra'na cellulo'sa, 
 31. Cellula'ris, — 31. adipo'sa, 31. piuguedino'sa, of 
 some, Pannic'ulus adipio'ms, — Membrane formed 
 of cellular tissue, (F.) 3Iembrane cellulaire. Ge- 
 nerally used for the tissue itself. 
 
 Cel'lular System. The whole of the cellular 
 tissue of the human body. 
 
 Cellular Tissue, Tela cellula'ris, T. cellu- 
 lo'sa, T. Hippoc'ratis erihro'sa, Ethmyphe, reticu- 
 la' ted, filamentous, laminated, crib'riform, porous, 
 are'olar, and mucous Tissue, Retic'ular or cellular 
 substance, Contex'tus cellulo'sus, (P.) Tissu cellu- 
 laire, reticule, latnineux, cribleux, poreux, areo- 
 laire, muqueux, &c., is the most common of all 
 the organic tissues. It contains irregular areola 
 between the fibres, as well as serum, fat, and the 
 adipous tissue. Of the fibres, some are of the 
 yellow elastic kind ,• but the greater part are of 
 the white fibrous tissue, and they frequently pre- 
 sent the form of broad flat bands, in which no 
 distinct fibrous arrangement is perceptible. See 
 Fibrous. 
 
 The cellular tissue or texture unites every part 
 of the body, determines its shape, and by its 
 elasticity and contractility, and by the fluid 
 which it contains in its cells, facilitates the mo- 
 tion of parts on each other. 
 
 Cellular tissue has been divided by anatomists 
 into the external, general or common cellular 
 tissue — textus cellula'ris interme'dius sen laxiis, 
 which does not penetrate the organs, — the cellu- 
 lar texture which forms the envelopes of organs 
 ~-te.ctus cellula'ris strictus, and that which pene- 
 trates into the organs, accompanying and enve- 
 loping all their parts, — the textus cellula'ris sti- 
 pa'tus, constituting the basis of all the organs. 
 It has likewise been termed Textus organ'ieua 
 seu parenchyma' lis. 
 
 Cellular Tissue op Bones, see Cancelli. 
 CEL'LULE, Cel'lula, diminutive of cella, 'a, 
 cavity.' A small cavity. (F.) Cellule. Cellules 
 are the small cavities between the laminae of the 
 cellular tissue, corpora cavernosa, <&c. 
 
 Cellules or Cells, Bronchic, Gel'lulcB Bron'- 
 chiccB seu Pulmona'les, Fori pidmo'num, Vesic'- 
 ula pulmonales. The air-cells of the lungs. See 
 Pulmo. 
 
 CELLULES BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial 
 
 CELLULITIS VENENATA, see Wound. 
 CEL'LULOSE, same etymon as Cellules. The 
 substance which is left after the action upon any 
 kind of vegetable tissue of such solvents as are 
 fitted to dissolve out the matter deposited in its 
 cavities and interstices. It has been affirmed, 
 that the tunieated or ascidian mollusca have, in 
 their integuments, a considerable quantity of it. 
 CELLULOSUS, Cellular. 
 CELOLOG"IA, from Kn\r), 'rupture,' and \oyQi, 
 'a discourse.' The doctrine of hernia. A treatise 
 on hernia. 
 
 CELOSO'MUS, from k77X;7, 'a rupture,' and 
 au>iia, ' body.' A monster in which the trunk is 
 malformed, and eventration or displacement of 
 the viscera exists. 
 
 CELOTES, see Hernial.. 
 
 CELOTOM'IA, Kelotom'ia, Celot'omy, from 
 KriXt], ' a rupture,' and tcjivuv, ' to cut.' An ope- 
 ration, formerly employed for the radical cure of 
 inguinal hernia; which consisted, principally, in 
 passing a ligature round the hernial sac and sper- 
 matic vessels. It necessarily occasioned atrophy 
 and loss of the testicle ; and did not secure the 
 patient against the return of the disease. The 
 intestines were, of course, not included in the 
 ligature. Also, the operation for hernia in gene- 
 ral. — Herniot'omy. 
 
 CELOT'OMUS, same etymon. Herniot'omu^. 
 A knife used in the operation for hernia. Adjec- 
 tively, it means relating to celotomy, like Celo- 
 tom'icus. 
 
 CELSA. A term, used by Paracelsus for a 
 cutaneous disease, dependent, according to him, 
 on a false or heterogeneous spirit or vapour, con- 
 cealed under the integuments, and endeavouring 
 to escape. Perhaps the disease was Urticaria. 
 
 CELSUS, METHOD OF, see Lithotomy. 
 
 CELTIS OCCIDENTA'LIS, Sugarberry, 
 Eackberry. Order, Ulmacese : indigenous, flower- 
 ing in May. The bark is said to be anodyne and 
 cooling; the berries are sweet and astringent. It 
 has been used in dysentery. 
 
 CEMBRO NUTS, see Pinus cembra. 
 
 CEMENT. A glutinous substance introduced 
 into a carious tooth to prevent the access of air 
 or other extraneous matters. The following is 
 an example: (R- Sandarac. gij ; 3/astich. gi; 
 Sucoin. gr. x. JEther. ^j ; Dissolve with the aid 
 of heat.) Ostermaier's Cement for the teeth is 
 prepared of finely powdered caustic lime, thirteen 
 parts ; anhydrous phosphoric acid, twelve parts. 
 When introduced into a carious tooth, it becomes 
 solid in about two minutes. 
 
 CEMENTERIUM, Crucible. 
 
 CEMENTUM, see Tooth. 
 
 CENANGIA, Ceneangia. 
 
 CENCHRON, Panicum miliaceum. 
 
 CENDRE, Cineritious. 
 
 CENBRE BU LEVANT, Soda. 
 
 CENBRES GRAVELEES, see Potash — e. 
 de Sarment, see Potash. 
 
 CENEANGI'A, Genangi'a, from Kcvog, 'empty, 
 and ayyuov, ' a vessel.' Inanition. Empty state 
 of vessels. — Galen. 
 
 CENEMBATE'SIS, from k£vo;, 'empty,' and 
 cfxISaivoi, ' I enter.' Paracentesis. Also, the ait 
 of probing a wound or cavity ; Jlelo'sis. 
 
 CENEONES, Flanks. 
 
 CENIGDAM, Ceniplam. 
 
 CENIGOTAM, Ceniplam. 
 
 CENIPLAM, Cenigdam, Cenigotam, Cenypo» 
 
CENIPOTAM 
 
 186 
 
 CENTRUM 
 
 Inm. The name of an instrument anciently used 
 for opening the head in epilepsy. — Paracelsus. 
 
 CENIPOTAM, Ceniplam. 
 
 C E N ' S I S, from kcvos, ' empty.' Ine'sis, 
 Tnethmos. Evacuation. It is sometimes . em- 
 ployed synonymously with inanition, and op- 
 posed to repletion, — ExinanW'io. 
 
 CENOT'ICA, from Ksj'uo-tf, 'evacuation.' Dis- 
 eases aflFecting the fluids. Morbid discharges or 
 excess, deficiency or irregularity of such as are 
 natural. The first order, class Genetica, of Good; 
 also, iDrastics. 
 
 CENTAU'REA BEHEN, Serrat'ula heJien, 
 Jiehen ahiad, Behen album, Been, White Behen. 
 Old. Gentianese. Astringent. 
 
 Cemtatj'rea Benedic'ta, Car'duus benedic'tiis, 
 Oninis sylves'tris, Cnicita bencdic'ttts, Gardiobot'- 
 anvrUf Blessed or Holy TTiistle, (P.) Chardon 
 henit. Fam. Cynarocephalese. Sex. Si/st. Syn- 
 genesia Polygamia frustranea. A strong decoc- 
 tion of the herb is emetic : — a strong infusion, 
 diaphoretic ( ? ) ; a light infusion, tonic and sto- 
 machic. Dose, gr. xv to 5J of the powder. 
 
 Centau'eea Calcitra'pa, Calcitra'pa, Calca- 
 trep'jyola, Car'duus solstitia'lis, Cardims stella'tus, 
 Ja'cea ramosis'sinia, Cacotrib'idus, Calcitrap'pa 
 Stella' ta seu hipjooplicBStum, Stella' ta rupi'na, 
 Gentau'rca Stella' ta, Oommon Star-Thistle, Star- 
 Knapioeed, (F.) Centauree itoilee, Chardon etoile, 
 Chaussetra2}pe, Pignerole. It is possessed of 
 tonic properties, and has been given in inter- 
 mittents, dyspepsia, &e. It is not much used. 
 
 Cejitau'eea Centau'rium, Rhapon' ticum vid- 
 ga're, Centauriuni magnum, Oentaurium mafus. 
 Greater Cen'taury, Centaurium officina'le, (F.) 
 Centauree grande. It is a bitter ; and was for- 
 merly used as a tonic, especially the root. 
 
 Centad'bea Cy'anus, Cy'anua, Blue bottle, 
 Gorn-floxcer, (F.) Blavelle, Blaveole, Blaverolle. 
 The flowers were once much used as a cordial, 
 tonic, &c. They are now forgotten. 
 
 Centaurea Stellata, Centaurea ealcitrapa. 
 
 CENTAUBEE ETOILEE, Centaurea ealci- 
 trapa — -c. Grande, Centaurea centaurium — c. Pe- 
 tite, Chironia centaurium. 
 
 CENTAUREUM, Chironia centaurium. 
 
 CENTAURIS, Chironia centaurium. 
 
 CENTAURIUM MAGNUM, Centaurea cen- 
 taurium — c. Minus vulgare, Chironia centaurium 
 — 0. Officinale, Centaurea centaurium — c. Par- 
 vum, Chironia centaurium. 
 
 CENTAURY, AMERICAN, Chironia angu- 
 laris — c. Greater, Centaurea centaurium — c. Les- 
 ser, Chironia centaurium. 
 
 CENTESIS, Paracentesis, Puncture. 
 
 CENTIGRAMME, (F.) from centum, 'a hun- 
 dred,' and Ypanixa, 'gramme,' Gentigram'ma. 
 The hundredth part of a gramme. A centi- 
 gramme is equal to about the fifth part of a 
 French grain, gr. .1543, Troy. 
 
 CENTILITRE, Gentili'tra, from centum, 'a 
 hundred,' and \iTpa, 'litre.' An ancient Greek 
 measure for liquids: — the hundredth part of a 
 litre — equal to nearly 2.7053 fluidrachms. 
 
 CENTIMETRE, Centim' eter ,• the hundredth 
 part of a metre — equal to about four lines. 
 .3937 English inch. 
 
 CENTIMORBIA, Lysimachia nummularia. 
 
 CENTINERVIA, Plantago. 
 
 CENTINODE, Polygonum avieulare. 
 
 CENTINODIA, Polygonum avieulare. 
 
 CENTO VIRGINALIS, Hymen. 
 
 CENTRAD, ^ee Central aspect. 
 
 CENTRADIAPH'ANES, Gatarac'ta centra'- 
 Its, from Kcvrpnv, 'centre,' a, privative, and iia- 
 ipavris, 'transparent.' Cataract owing to obscurity 
 of the central portion of the crystalline. 
 
 CENTRAL, Centra'lis, from centrum, 'the 
 centre.' Relating or appertaining to the centre. 
 
 Central Ar'tery op the Ret'ina, Arte'ria 
 Centra'lis Ret'incB, Central Artery of Zinn. 
 This artery is given off from the arteria oph- 
 thalmica, and penetrates the optic nerve a little 
 behind the ball of the eye; running in the 
 axis of the nerve, and spreading out into many 
 small branches upon the inside of the retina. 
 When the nerve is cut across near the eye, the 
 orifice of the divided artery is observable. This 
 was formerly called Porus Op'ticus. 
 
 Central Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 centre of an organ. — Barclay. Centrad is used 
 by the same writer adverbially, to signify '-k)- 
 wards the central aspect.' 
 
 CENTRE OF ACTION. The viscus in which 
 the whole or a great part of any function is exf- 
 cuted, and to which several other organs contri- 
 bute. Thus, the vital activity seems to be wholly 
 centred in the stomach, during chymification ; 
 in the duodenum, during chyliflcation. In like 
 manner, the uterus becomes a centre of action 
 during gestation. 
 
 Centre, Epigas'tric. The ganglions and ner- 
 vous plexuses, formed by the great sympathetic 
 and pneumogastric nerves, in the epigastrium, 
 around the coeliac artery ; where the impressions 
 received from various parts of the body seem to 
 be centred. 
 
 Centre of Flux'ion. The part towards which 
 fluids are particularly attracted. An irritated 
 organ is said to be a centre of fluxion. 
 
 Centres, Nervous, (F.) Centres nerveux. The 
 organs, whence the nerves originate; as the brain 
 and spinal marrow. 
 
 Centre, Optic, see Optic centre. 
 
 Centre, Oval, Centrum Ova'le, C. 0. Vieusse'- 
 nii, Tegumen'tum ventriculo' rum cer'ebri. When 
 the two hemispheres of the brain are sliced away, 
 till on a level with the corpus callosum, the me- 
 dullary part in each is of an oval shape : hence 
 called centrum ovale minus, (F.) centre medullaire 
 hemisjjheral. The two centres of the opposite 
 sides, together with the corpus callosum, form 
 the centrum ovale of Yieus'sens. Vieussens sup- 
 posed all the medullary fibres to issue from that 
 point, and that it was the great dispensatory of 
 the animal spirits. 
 
 Centre, Phrenic, Ten'dinous Centre of the 
 Di' aphragm, Centrum Phren'icum, C. Ner'veum 
 or C. Teiidino'sum seu tendin'eum, (F.) Centre 
 phrenique ou C. tendineux du Biaphragme. The 
 central aponeurosis or cordiform tendon of the 
 diaphragm. 
 
 Centre of Sympathet'ic Irradia'tions, (F.) 
 Centre d' irradiations sympathiques. Any organ 
 which excites, sympathetically, the action of 
 other organs, more or less distant from it; and 
 with which it seems to have no immediate com- 
 munication. — Marjolin. 
 
 Centre, Tendinous, of the Diaphragm, 
 Centre, phrenic. 
 
 CENTROMYRINE, Ruscus. 
 
 CENTRUM, see Vertebra; — c. Commune, So- 
 lar plexus — c. Nerveum, Centre, phrenic — c. Op- 
 ticum. Optic centre — c. Ovale, Centre, oval — c. 
 Ovale minus, see Centre, oval — c. Ovale of Vieus- 
 sens, Centre, oval — c. Semicirculare geminum, 
 Taenia semicircularis — c. Tendinosum, Centre, 
 phrenic. 
 
 Centrum Vita'le, Nodus seu Pons vita'lis, 
 (F.) Noeud vital. A term applied, at times, to 
 the medulla oblongata; at others, to the medulla 
 oblongata, and the medulla spinalis as far as the 
 second cervical nerve of the spinal marrow, ia 
 any part of which a wound would seem to be in- 
 
GENTRY 
 
 isr 
 
 CEPHALO-PHARYNGiEUS 
 
 Btantly fatal. It is the nervous centre of respi- 
 ration and deglutition. 
 
 GENTRY, Chironia angulavis. 
 
 GENTUM CAPITA, Eryngium campestre. 
 
 CENTUMNODIA, Polygonum aviculare. 
 
 CEPA ASCALONICA, Bulbus esculentus, 
 Echalotte — c. Viotorialis, Allium victoriale — c. 
 Vulgaris, Allium cepa. 
 
 CBPiEA, Veronica beccabunga. 
 
 GEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA, Ipecacuanha. 
 
 GEPHAL^'A, Headach, (F.) CephaUe, from 
 Kc<pa\r!, 'head.' Some use the term synonymously 
 with cephalalgia; others, for a periodical head- 
 ach ; others, again, for a more violent headach 
 than cephalalgia implies; and others for a chronic 
 headach. The last was its ancient signification. 
 
 Cephalce'a spasniod'ica, CephalaV g ia spasmod'- 
 ica, G. Nauseo'sa, Sick-headach, is characterized 
 by partial, spasmodic pain; often shifting from 
 one part of the head to another: chiefly com- 
 mencing in the morning, with sickness and faint- 
 ness. It is extremely apt to recur, notwithstand- 
 ing every care. 
 
 CephaLjEA Arthritica, Gephalagra — c. He- 
 micrania, Hemicrania — c. Nauseosa, G. Spas- 
 modica — -c. Pulsatilis, Crotaphe. 
 
 CEPHAL^MATO'MA, from Kt<pa\rj, 'head,' 
 and 'ai^a, 'blood;' Ccphalmmafo'ma neonato'riim, 
 Ecchymo'nia cap'itis, E. capitis recens nato'rum, 
 Thromhus neonato'rum, Absces'sus cap'itis san- 
 guin'eus neonatorum, Tumor cap'itis sanguin'eus 
 nconato'rnm, Ce2}7ialophi/'ma, CraniohcBmaton' cus. 
 A sanguineous tumour, sometimes developed be- 
 tween the pericranium and the bones of the head 
 of new-born children. Similar tumours are met 
 with occasionally above other bones, and at all 
 periods of existence. 
 
 GEPHALiEMATOMA NEONATORUM, Gcphalsema- 
 toma. 
 
 CEPHAL^'MIA, HijpercB'mia cer'ebri, H. 
 Cap'itis, Encepihalohm' mio:, (F.) Hyperemie ou 
 Congestion du cerveaii, Eneephalohemie, II. cere- 
 brate. Congestion cerebrate. Accumulation of 
 blood in the vessels of the brain. 
 
 GEPHALAGO'GUS, Cephalodvc'tor, Capiti- 
 duc'tor, from K£(pa'\ri, 'head,' and ayuyos, 'a 
 leader, a driver.' An instrument used for draw- 
 ing down the foetal head. 
 
 GEPH'ALAGRA, from Kc<pa\r,, 'the head,' and 
 aypi^! 'seizure.' Cephalm'a arthrit'ica, 3Ienin- 
 gi'tis arthrit'ica. Gout in the head. 
 
 GEPHALAGRA'PIIIA, from KcfaXv, 'the 
 head,' and ypaifirj, 'a description,' An anatomical 
 description of the head. 
 
 GEPHALAL'GIA, Cephalopo'nia, Cephalo- 
 dyn'ia, Encephalodyn'ia, Homonopa'gia, from 
 K£(pa\7], 'the head,' and aXyo;, 'pain;' Enceplia- 
 lal'gia, Dolor Cap'itis, D. oephal'ieus, Soda, Pain 
 in the head ; Headach, (F.) Ce'phalalgie, Mai d 
 tSte. Every kind of headach, whether symp- 
 tomatic or idiopathic, is a cephalalgia. It is 
 ordinarily symptomatic, and has to be treated 
 accordingly. 
 
 Cephalalgia Gontagiosa, Influenza — c. In- 
 flammatoria, Phrenitis. 
 
 Cephalalgia Period'ica, Febris intermit' tens 
 cephal'ica larva'ta, Intermittent headach. Head- 
 ach which returns periodically; properly, per- 
 haps, a form of neuralgia. 
 
 Cephalalgia Pulsatilis, Crotaphe — c. Spas- 
 modica, see Cephalfea. 
 
 GEPHALALOG"IA, from Kt^aX?;, 'the head,' 
 and 'Xoyo;, ' a discourse.' An anatomical disser- 
 tation on the head. 
 
 CEPHALANTHE B'AMERIQUE, Cepha- 
 lanthus occidentalis. 
 
 GEPHALAN'THUS OCCIDENTA'LIS, But- 
 tonwood shrub, Buttonhush, White Ball, Little 
 
 Snowball, Swampicood, Pond Dogwood, Globe- 
 flower, (F.) Cephalanthe d'Amerique, Bois de 
 Marais. An ornamental shrub, Nat. Ord. Ku- 
 biacese; Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, which 
 grows all over the United States, near streams 
 and ponds, and flowers in July and August. 
 The bark of the root has been used as an anti- 
 periodic tonic. 
 
 CEPHALARTICA, Cephalic remedies. 
 CEPHALATOM'IA, Ccphalotom'ia, from 
 K£0aX)j, 'the head,' and tejxvciv, 'to cut.' Ana- 
 tomy, or dissection, or opening of the head. 
 CEPHALE, Head. 
 
 CEPHALIC, Ccphal'icus, Capita'lis, f-om. 
 Kt(j>a\T], 'the head.' (F.) Cephalique. Relating 
 to the head. 
 
 Cephal'ic Rem'edies, Ccjihal'ioa vel Capita'- 
 lia remed'ia, are remedies capable of relieving 
 affections of the head, especially headach : — 
 Cephalar'iica. 
 
 Cephal'ic Vein, Vena Cephal'ica, Vena Cap'- 
 itis, (F.) Veine cephaliqne, Veine radiale ctitanee 
 of Chaussier. The great superficial vein at the 
 outer part of the arm and fore-arm. It begins 
 on the back of the hand, by a number of radicles, 
 which unite into a single trunk, called the Ceph- 
 alic of the Thumb, Cephal'ica Pol'licis, {¥.)Veiiie 
 cephaliqne du pouee. It ascends along the ante- 
 rior and outer part of the fore-arm, where it forms 
 the superficial radial. At the fold of the elbow 
 it receives the median cej)halic, ascends along the 
 outer edge of the biceps, and opens into the axil- 
 lary vein. The name Cephalic was given to it by 
 the ancients, because they thought it had some 
 connexion with the head, and that blood-letting 
 ought to be performed on it, in head affections. 
 
 Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Veine c4- 
 phalique, and the primary or common carotid, 
 Ai-tere cephaliqne. 
 
 CEPHALIDIUM, see Caput. 
 GEPH ALI'NE. The base or root of the tongue. 
 — Gorrseus. 
 
 CEPHALIS, see Caput. 
 CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis. 
 CEPHALIUM, see Caput. 
 CBPHALODUCTOR, Cephalagogus. 
 GEPHALODYM'IA, Encephalodym'ia ; from 
 Ke^a'Xv, ' head,' and Sv<o, ' I enter into.' A class 
 of double monstrosities, in which the heads aro 
 united. It is divided into two genera, Fronto- 
 dym.'ia and Bregmatodym'ia ; in the former the 
 union being between the ossa frontis ; in the lat- 
 ter between the bregmata. — Cruveilhier. 
 GEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia. 
 CEPHALCEDEMA, Hydrocephalus. 
 CEPHALOID, Encephaloid. 
 GEPHALOMA, Encephaloid. 
 GEPHALO-MENINGITIS, Meningo-eepha- 
 litis. 
 
 CEPHALOM'ETER, from Kt(paXr,, 'the head,' 
 and jxtrpov, 'measure.' An instrument for mea- 
 suring the different dimensions of the foetal head, 
 during the process of accouchement. A kind of 
 forceps. 
 
 CEPHALON'OSUS, from Kt<pa\v, 'the head,' 
 and voaoi, ' disease.' This term has been applied 
 to the Febris Hungar'ica, in which the head was 
 much affected. See Fever, Hungaric. Others 
 have so called any cerebral disease or fever. 
 GEPHALOPAGES, Symphyocephalus. 
 CEPH'ALO-PHARYNG^'US, from (ct^aX;?, 
 'the head,' and (papvy^, 'the pharynx :' belonging 
 to the head and pharynx. Winslow has given 
 this name to the portion of the constrictor pha- 
 ryngis superior, which is attached, above, to the 
 inferior surface of the basilary process of the ce 
 oceipitis. The Ceph' ilo-pharynge' al Ajponeuro'- 
 
CEPHALOPHYMA 
 
 188 
 
 CEEATITIS 
 
 »M is a thin, fibrous membrane, which is attached 
 to the basilary process, and gives insertion to the 
 fibres of the constrictor superior pharyngia. 
 
 CEPHALOPHYMA, Cephala;matoma. 
 
 CEPHALOPONIA, Cephalalgia. 
 
 CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal. 
 
 CEPHALOSOMATODYM'IA, JEncephaloso- 
 matodym'ia; from KtfaXri, 'head,' ctajia, 'body,' 
 and 6vbi, ' I enter into.' A double monstrosity, 
 in ■which the union is between the heads and the 
 trunks. Of this there are varieties : — for exam- 
 ple, Infra-maxiUostermodym'ia, where the union 
 is with the inferior maxillary bones and sterna; 
 and Prosoposternody m' ia, between the faces and 
 sterna. — Cruveilhier. 
 
 CEPHALO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spina'lis, Ceph'- 
 alo-rachid'ian,Cei-'ehro-spinal, Craniospinal. A 
 hybrid term, from KetpaXrj, 'head,' and spina, 
 ' spine.' Belonging to the head and spine. 
 
 Ceph'alo-spinal Fluid, Cephalo-raehid'ian 
 fluid, Cerebrospinal fluid, Flu'idum cer'ehro- 
 ephia'le, Subarachnoidean fluid, is an exhaled 
 fluid, which is found beneath the arachnoid, 
 wherever pia mater exists in connexion with the 
 brain and spinal cord. It seems to have a pro- 
 tecting office, and to keep up a certain degree of 
 pressure on the organ, — at least in the spinal 
 
 CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS, from 
 KtipaXrj, 'head,' Ooipa^, 'the chest,' and aTtpciv, 'to 
 rob.' A monster without head or chest. 
 
 CE^PHALOTOMIA, Eceephalosis. 
 
 CEPHALOTRIBE, (F.) An instrument in- 
 vented by Baudelocque, the nephew, for crushing 
 the head of the foetus in utero j from KE<f)a\n> ' the 
 head,' and rpiliw, 'I bruise.' It consists of a 
 strong forceps, the blades of which are solid : 16 
 lines broad, and 3 thick. The handles are per- 
 forated at their extremity to receive a screw with 
 three threads, the direction of which is very ob- 
 lique, so as to allow great rapidity of rotation, 
 and the screw is moved by a winch 6 inches long, 
 to increase the force of the pressure. The bones 
 cf the head are easily crushed by it. 
 
 CEPHALOTRIP'SY, Cephalotrip'sis ; same 
 etymon as CephaJotribe. The operation of crush- 
 ing the head of the foetus in utero. 
 
 CEPHALOTRYPESIS, Trepanning. 
 
 CEPHALOXIA, TorticolUs. 
 
 CEPULLA, Allium cepa. 
 
 CER, Heart. 
 
 CERA FLAVA et CERA ALBA, Ceros, Yel- 
 low and White Wax, (F.) Cire Jaune et Blanche. 
 An animal substance prepared by the bee, and 
 by some plants, as the Cerox'ylon and Myri'ca 
 cerif'era. Its colour is yellow, and smell like 
 that of honey, but both are lost by bleaching. 
 It is demulcent and emollient ; is sometimes given 
 in the form of emulsion, in diarrhoea and dysen- 
 tery, but is chiefly used in cerates and ointments. 
 
 CER.^'^, from Ktpag, 'a horn,' Kcpaiai. The 
 Cornua of the_uterus. — Rufus of Ephesus. 
 
 CERAMICE, Cerami'tia, from Ktpaixog, 'pot- 
 ter's earth.' A sort of earth used as a cataplasm 
 in peripneumony. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CERAMIUM, Amphora — c. Helminthochor- 
 tus, Corallina Corsicana. 
 
 CERAMNIUM, Amphora. 
 
 CERAMURIA, see Urine. 
 
 CERANTHEMUS, Propolis. 
 
 CER AS, K£pas, 'genitive,' xeparo;, 'horn,' Cor- 
 nu ; also, the Cornea. Hence, Ceratectomia, 
 Cerafocele, &e. 
 
 CERASION, see Prunus cerasus. 
 
 CERAS'MA, from Kcpavwitt, ' to mix :' some- 
 thing mixed. A mixture of hot and cold water. 
 Metaceras'ma. — Gorra3us. 
 
 CERASUM, see Prunus cerasus. 
 
 CERASUS ACIDA, Prunus cerasus — c. Avi- 
 um, Prunus avinum, P. nigra — c. Dulcis, Prunus 
 nigra — c. Hortensis, Prunus cerasus — c. Lauro- 
 cerasus, Prunus laurocerasus — c. Padus, Prunus 
 padus — c. Racemosus sylvestris, Prunus padus 
 — c. Rubra, Prunus cerasus — c. Serotina., Prunus 
 Virginiana — c. Virginiana, Prunus Virginiana — 
 c. Vulgaris, Pi-unus cerasus. 
 
 CER AT BLANC ou DE G ALIEN, Ceratum 
 Galeni — c. de Blanc de Baleine, Ceratum cetacei 
 — c. de Goulard, Ceratum plumbi — c. ^jour les 
 Levres, Cerate for the lips — c. de Plomb compioae, 
 Ceratum plumbi compositum — c. de Savon, Ce- 
 ratum Saponis — c. de Suracetate de plomb, Cera- 
 tum plumbi superacetatis. 
 
 CE'RATE, Cera'tum, from Kvpai, Lat. cera, 
 'wax,' Cerelce'um, Cero'ma, Cero'nium, Cero'tum, 
 Ceratomalag'ma, (F.) Cerat. A composition of 
 wax, oil, or lard, without other ingredients. 
 
 Cerate, Simple Cerate, Cera'tum, Cera'tum 
 simplex. (F.) Cerat Simple. ( White icax, §iv, 
 Lard, o'^iy-) I* i^ applied as an emollient to 
 excoriations, &c. 
 
 Cerate, Belleville's, see Unguentum Hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-oxydi. 
 
 Cerate of Cal'amine, Cera'tum Calami'nm, 
 C. Calamin. praspar., C. Carbona'tis zinci iin- 
 pu'ri, C. Zinci Carbona'tis, Cera'tum lap'idis Ca- 
 lamina'ris, Cera'tum epidot'icum. Cerate of Car- 
 bonate of Zinc, Turner's Cerate, Healing Salve, 
 (F.) Cerat de Pierre Calaminaire, C. de Calamine, 
 Calamin., Cerce flava, aa §iij, adi2ns, Ibj. Melt 
 the wax and lard together, and, on cooling, add 
 the carbonate of zinc and stir till cool. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Cerate of Canthar'ides, Cera'tum Canthar'- 
 idis, Blister Ointment, Ointment of Spanish Flies, 
 Unguen'tum ad vesicato'ria, Unguen'tum PuVveria 
 Mel'oea vesicato'rii, TJng. epispas' ticum for'tius, 
 Cera'tum LyttcB, (F.) Cerat de Cantharidee. 
 {Spermaceti cerate ^^j) Cantharidea in powder, 
 3J. The cerate being softened by heat, stir in 
 the flies.) This cerate of the European Pharma- 
 copoeias is used to keep blisters, issues, &c., open. 
 See Unguentum Lyttte. For the Cerate of Spa- 
 nish flies of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, see Em- 
 plastrum Lyttte. 
 
 Cerate, Goulard's, Ceratum Plumbi compo- 
 situm. 
 
 Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral. (Diachyl. 
 ^viij, olive oil ^iv, prepared chalk giv: when 
 nearly cool, add Acet. dest. ^iy, plumb, svperacet. 
 Jiij-) A cooling emollient. 
 
 Cerate or Poma'tum for the Lips, Cera'tum 
 labia'le rubrum, Pomma'tum ad labia demulcen'- 
 da. — Ph. P. (F.) Cerat ou Pommade piour lea 
 levres, ( Wax 9 parts ; oil 16 parts ; — coloured 
 with alkanet.) 
 
 Cerate, Lead, Compound, Ceratum plumbi 
 compositum. 
 
 Cerate, Marshall's. {Palm oil ^vi. calomel 
 5j, sugar of lead ^ss, ointment of nitrate of mer- 
 
 Cerate, Resin, Compound, Ceratum Resinae 
 compositum — c. Savine, Ceratum sabinas — c. 
 Soap, Ceratum saponis — c. Spermaceti, Ceratum 
 cetacei — c. of Superacetate or sugar of lead, Ce- 
 ratum plumbi superacetatis — c. Turner's, Cerate 
 of calamine — c. of Carbonate of zinc. Cerate of 
 calamine. 
 
 CERATECTOM'IA, from Kcpag, 'the cornea,' 
 and £KToixos, 'cut out.' An incision through the 
 cornea. See Ceratotomia. 
 
 CERATIA, Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
 CERATI'ASIS, from Kcpas, 'horn.' A morbid 
 condition characterized by corneous growths. 
 
 CERATION, Siliqua. 
 
 CERATI'TIS, Kerati'tia, from Kipag, ' the cor- 
 nea,' and itis, ' inflammation.' Inflammation of 
 
CERATIUM 
 
 189 
 
 CERATUM 
 
 the cornea, Cerati'tis, CeratodeVtia, Cei-atomemn- 
 gi'tis, Cornei'tis, In-flamma'tio cor'nece. 
 
 CERATIUM, Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
 CER'ATO, in composition, in the names of 
 muscles, is used for the cornua of the os hyoides ; 
 — as Cerato-glossus. 
 
 CERATOCE'LE, Aquula, Uva'tio, Prominen'- 
 tia Oor'nccB, Hernia Cor'necB, Ceratodeoce'le, from 
 KEpaj, 'horn,' and kijXv, 'tumour.' A protrusion 
 of the transpai-eut cornea, or rather of the mem- 
 brane of the aqueous humour through an opening 
 in the cornea. 
 
 CERATODEITIS, Ceratitis. 
 
 CERATODEOCELE, Ceratocele. 
 
 CERATODEONYXIS, Ceratonyxis. 
 
 CERATODES MEMBRANA, Cornea. 
 
 CERATOGLOS'SUS, Keratoglos'sus, from ks- 
 paf, ' horn,' and yXiacaa, ' the tongue.' A muscle, 
 extending from the great cornu of the os hyoides 
 to the base of the tongue. It is a part of the 
 nyoglossus. 
 ■ CERATOIDES, Cornea. 
 
 CERATOLEUCOMA, Leucoma. 
 
 CERATO'MA, Cerato'sis, from Ktpas, 'horn.' 
 A horny growth, or horny formation. 
 
 CERATO-MALAGMA, Cerate. 
 
 CERATO-MENINGITIS, Ceratitis. 
 
 CERATO-MENINX, Cornea. 
 
 CERATO'NIA SIL'IQUA. The Caroh Tree, 
 Gera'tium, Gera'tia, Sil'iqua dulcis, Garo'ba Al- 
 nabati, Sioeetpod, (F.) Garoubier [Fruit, Ga- 
 rouge.) This — the fruit of the Geratonia siliqua 
 — is mucilaginous, and employed in decoction, 
 where mucilages are indicated. 
 
 CERATONYX'IS, Keratonyx'is, Geratodeo- 
 nyx'is, from Kcpaf, ' the cornea,' and vvcufa, ' I 
 puncture.' An operation by which the crystal- 
 line is depressed by means of a needle introduced 
 into the eye through the cornea. Some divide 
 the crystalline into fragments with the needle, 
 and leave them to the action of the absorbents. 
 The operation is as old as the 17th century. 
 
 CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US,Z'er'ato-PAarjrn- 
 ge'us, from Kipa;, ' horn,' and (papvy^, ' the pha- 
 rynx.' The great and small Ger' ato-pharynge' i 
 are small fleshy bundles, forming part of the 
 Hyopharynqeus of Winslow. 
 
 CERATOPLAS'TICE, from Ktpag, 'the cor- 
 nea,' and -rXaariKog, 'forming, formative.' The 
 operation for the formation of an artificial cornea. 
 It has not been practised on man. 
 
 CERATORRHEX'IS, Ruptu'ra cor'nece, from 
 repay, ' the comea,' and p>?|ij, 'rupture.' Rupture 
 of the cornea. 
 
 CERATOSIS, Ceratoma. 
 
 CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS, Ker'afo-staphj- 
 li'nus, from icE^ag, 'horn,' and (xracpvXi], 'the uvu- 
 la.' Some fleshy fibres of the Thyro-Staphylinus 
 of Winslow. 
 
 CERATOTOM'IA, Geratectom'ia, from Kcpag, 
 'cornea,' and rt.jivuv, 'to cut.' Section of the 
 transparent cornea. This incision is used in the 
 operation for cataract, to give exit to pus effused 
 in the eye, in case of hypopyon, <fcc. 
 
 CERATOT'OMUS, Keratot' omits, Kerat'omus, 
 from Kcpaf, ' cornea,' and reixvuv, ' to cut.' A 
 name given by Wenzel to his linife for dividing 
 the transparent cornea, in the operation for cata- 
 ract. Many modifications of the instrument have 
 been made since Wenzel's time. See Knife, 
 cataract. 
 
 CERATUM, Cerate — c. Album, Ceratum ceta- 
 cei, Ceratum Galeni — c. de Althaea, Unguentum 
 de Althaea — c. Calaminse, Cerate of Calamine — 
 c. Cantharidis, Cerate of Cantharides, Emplas- 
 trum Lyttee — c. de Cerussa, Unguentum plumbi 
 subcarbonatis. 
 
 Cera'tum Ceta'cei, Gera'tum spermaceti, Ge- 
 
 ra'tum album, C. Ceti, ZTnguen'iiim adipoce'rcB 
 ceto'rum, Linimen'tumalbxun,Emplas'trum Sperm'- 
 atis Geti, Spermaceti Gerate, (F.) Cerat de blano 
 de baleine. {Spermaceti gj, white tcax ^iij, olive 
 oil f5vi. Ph. U. S.) A good emollient to ul- 
 cers, Ac. 
 
 Ceratum Ceti, Ceratum cetacei — c. Cicuta, 
 Ceratum conii — e. Citrinum, Ceratum resinae. 
 
 Ceba'tdm Coni'i, Gera'tum Gicu'ta. ( Ung. 
 conii flbj, cetacei §ij, cera alba ^iiJO ^ formula 
 in Bartholomew's Hospital : occasionally applied 
 to cancerous, scrofulous sores, <fec. 
 
 Cekatum Epuloticum, Cerate of calamine. 
 
 Ceea'tum Gale'ni, Gera'tum album, G. refrig"- 
 erans Gale'ni, Unguen'tum cera'tum, U. amygda- 
 li'num, U. simplex, Emplas'trum ad fontic' idos, 
 O'leo-cera'tum aqucL subac'tum. Gold Gream, (F.) 
 Gerat blano on de Galien. ( imte icax 4 parts; 
 oil of sweet almonds 16 parts; add, when melted, 
 water or rose-water 12 parts. Ph. P.) A mild 
 application to chaps, &c. 
 
 Ceratum Labiale Rubrum, Cerate for the 
 lips — c. Lapidis calaminaris. Cerate of calamine 
 — c. Lithargyri acetati compositum, Ceratum 
 plumbi compositum — c. LyttEe, Cerate of can- 
 tharides — e. Mercuriale, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 — c. Picatum, Pisselaeum. 
 
 Ceratum Plumbi Compos'itum, Gera'tum. Li- 
 thar'gyri Aeeta'ti Gompos'itum, Gotdard's Oint- 
 ment, Gera'tum subaceta'ti plumbi medica'tum, G. 
 Plumbi Subaceta'tis (Ph. U.S.), Gera'tum Satur'- 
 ni, Gompound Lead Gerate, Goulard's Gerate, (F.) 
 Gerat de Goulard, G. de Plomb compose. (Liq. 
 plumb, subacet. §iiss; cerm flava, ^iv; ol. oliv. 
 ^ix; camp)horcB, gss. Ph. U. S.) Its virtues are 
 the same as the next. 
 
 Ceratum Plumbi Superaceta'tis, Unguen'- 
 tum Oerus'sce Aceta'tcB, Gerate of Supieraeetate or 
 Sugar of Lead, Gera'tum Plumbi Aceta'tis, Un- 
 guentum Acetatis Plumbi, (F.) Gerat de suracState 
 de Plomb. (Acetate of lead, ^ij; white wax, ^ij; 
 olive oil, ibss.) Cooling and astringent. 
 
 Ceratum Refeigerans Galeni, Cei-atum Ga- 
 leni. 
 
 Ceratum Resi'n^, G. Resi'naflavm, G. cit'ri- 
 nura, Unguen'tum basil' icon flavum, Ung. Resi'nm 
 flavcB, Ung. Resino'sum, Resin Gerate or Oint- 
 ment, Yellow Basil'icon, Basil'icon Ointment. 
 (Resin, flav. ^v; GercB flav. §ij; Adipis, ^viij; 
 Ph. U. S.) A stimulating application to old rd- 
 cers, &c. Digestive. 
 
 Dr. Smellome's Ointment for the Eyes consists 
 of finely powdered verdigris, 5^ss, rubbed with 
 oil, and then mixed with an ounce of ceratum 
 resintB. 
 
 Ceratum Resi'nje Compos'itum, Gompound 
 Resin Gerate, (Resin., Sevi, Gerce flava, aa ft)j; 
 Terebinth. Ibss ; 01. Lini, Oss. Melt together, 
 strain through linen, and stir till cool. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Ceratum Sabi'NjE, Unguentum Sabince, Savine 
 Gerate, (F.) Gerat de Sabine. (Savine, in pow- 
 der, ^ij; Resin Gerate, Ibj. Ph. U. 8.) Irrita- 
 tive, ' drawing.' Used in the same cases as the 
 cerate of cantharides. 
 
 Ceratum Sapo'nis, Soap Gerate, (F.) Gerat de 
 Savon. (Liq. Plumb, subacetat., Oij ; Sapon. gvj ; 
 GercB alixB, ^x; 01. olivce, Oj. Boil the solution 
 of subacetate of lead with the soap over a slow 
 fire, to the consistence of honey, then transfer to- 
 a water-bath, and evaporate untQ all the moisture 
 is dissipated; lastly, add the wax, previously 
 melted with the oil, and mix. — Ph. U. S.) It is 
 applied in cases of sprains or fractures. 
 
 Ceratum Saturni, Ceratum Plumbi composi- 
 tum — c. Simplex, Cerate simple — e. Spermaceti, 
 Ceratum cetacei — e. Subacetati plumbi medica. 
 turn, Ceratum plumbi compositum — c. Tetraphat- 
 maeum, Pisselseum. 
 
CERAUNION 
 
 190 
 
 CEREBEUM 
 
 Ceratum Zinci Caebonatis, Cerate of Car- 
 bonate of Zinc. [Zinci carbonat. prcBparat. ^iy, 
 Ung. simpl. ^[x. Ph. U. S.) Used in the same 
 eases as the Ceratum Calamince. 
 
 CEPuAU'JSTION, from Kzpavvo^, 'thunder/ 'a 
 Ihunde'-bolt.' Lajiis fuhnin'eus. A kind of stone, 
 which was believed to be formed during thunder j 
 and to be possessed of the power of inducing 
 sleep, and numerous other prophylactic virtues. 
 It was rubbed on the knee, breast, &c., in swell- 
 ings of those parts. 
 
 CERBERUS TRICEPS, Pulvis cornaehini. 
 CERCA'RIA. A genus of agastric, infusory 
 animalcules, one of the most curious of which 
 inhabits the tartar of the teeth. The spermatozoa 
 are presumed by some to belong to this genus. 
 CERCHNASMUS, Cerchnus. 
 CERCHNOMA, Cerchnus. 
 
 CERCHNUS, Cerchnas'mus, Cerchnum, Cerch- 
 no'ma, from kz^x^^'^> ' ^ render hoarse.' A rough 
 voice produced by hoarseness. See Rattle. 
 
 CER'CIS, KtpKis. A sort of pestle for reducing 
 substances to powder. Also, the radius or small 
 bone of the arm. See Pilum, and Radius. 
 
 CERCLE, Circulus — c. de la Choroide, CUiary 
 ligament — c. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament. 
 
 CERCO'SIS, from Kcxpos, 'a tail.' Men'tida 
 mulie'hris, the Clit'oris. Some authors have em- 
 ployed the word synonymously with nymphoma- 
 nia and elongation of the clitoris ; and with PoZy- 
 pu8 Uteri, the Sareo'ma Cerco'sis of Sauvages. 
 
 Cercosis Clitoridis, Clitorism — c. Externa, 
 Ciitorism. 
 CEREA, Cerumen. 
 
 CEREA'LIA, from Ceres, 'goddess of corn.' 
 (F.) Gereales (Plantes.) The cerealia are gra- 
 mineous plants, the seed of which serve for the 
 nourishment of man : — as wheat, barley, rye, &o. 
 At times, the same term is applied to some of the 
 leguminous plants. 
 
 CEREBARIA, Carebaria. 
 CEREBEL'LA URI'NA. Urine of a whitish 
 appearance, of the colour of the brain or cerebel- 
 lum, from which Paracelsus thought he could 
 distinguish diseases of that organ. 
 
 CEREBELLI'TIS, badly formed from cere- 
 helium, and itis, denoting inflammation. Paren- 
 eephali'tia, Inflamma'tio cerebel'li. Inflammation 
 of the cerebellum : a variety of phrenitis or ence- 
 phalitis. 
 
 CEREBEL'LOUS, Cerehello'sns, from cerehel- 
 lum, 'the little brain.' (F.) Cerehelleux. Chaus- 
 sier has given this epithet to the vessels of the 
 cerebellum. These are three in number; two 
 of which are inferior: the larger, inferior cere- 
 helli, which arises from the posterior cerebral or 
 vertebral ; and the smaller, whose existence is 
 not constant, from the meso-eephalic orbasilary: 
 — the third, called A. cSrebelleuse superieure (su- 
 perior cerebelli,) is also a branch of the basilary. 
 Cerebel'lods Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia cere- 
 hello' sa: apoplexy of the cerebellum. 
 
 CEREBEL'LUM, diminutive of Cerehnm.; C. 
 parvum,Appen' dix ad cer' ebrum,Ger' ehruni poste' - 
 ritis, Encra'nion, Encra' nis, Epencra'nis, Paren- 
 ceph'alis, Parenceph' alus, EncephaV ium, Encepli'- 
 nl'W opia'thius, Ilicrencepha'linm, Micreneeph' a- 
 luin, Little brain, (F.) Cervelet. A portion of the 
 medullary mass, contained in the cavity of the 
 cranium. It fills the lower occipital foss83 below 
 tlie t'Cntorium, and embraces the tuber annulare 
 and medulla. It is composed, like the brain, of 
 vesicular and tubular substance, arranged in 
 laminas, as it were; so that, when a section is 
 made of it, it has an arborescent appearance, 
 railed Arbor vita. The cerebellum is divided 
 )nto two lobc8 or hemispheres or lateral masses, 
 and each lobe is again subdivided into Montic'uli 
 
 or Lohules. In the cerebellum are to be observed 
 the crura cerebelli, the fourth ventricle, the val- 
 vula magna cerebri, the processus vermicidares, 
 superior and inferior, &c. 
 
 CER'EBRAL, Cerebra'lis, (F.) Cerebral, from 
 cerebrum, ' the brain.' Belonging to the brain : 
 similar to brain. 
 
 Cerebral Apophysis, Pineal gland. 
 
 Cerebral Ar'teries are three on each side : 
 — the anterior or artery of the corpus callosum, 
 and the middle, arte'ria Sylvia'nn., are furnished 
 by the internal carotid : — the posterior or poste- 
 rior and inferior artery of the brain, A.profunda 
 cerebri, arises from the vertebral. Chaussier 
 calls these arteries lobaires, because they corre- 
 spond wdth the anterior, middle, and posterior 
 lobes, whilst he calls the trunks, whence they 
 originate, cerebral. 
 
 Cerebral Nerves are those which arise with- 
 in the cranium, all of which, perhaps, with the 
 exception of the olfactory, originate from the 
 medulla oblongata. See Nerves. 
 
 In Pathology, an affection is called cerebral, 
 which specially occupies the brain. Fievre cer(- 
 brale. Cerebral fever, is a variety in which the 
 head is much affected. 
 
 CEREBRIFORM Encephaloid. 
 
 CEREBROPATHY, see Nervous diathesis. 
 
 CEREBRO-MALACIA, Mollities cerebri. 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal. A cere- 
 brospinal or cerebro-spinant is a neurotic, which 
 exercises a special influence over one or more 
 functions of the brain and spinal cord, and thtir 
 respective nerves. — Pereira. 
 
 Cerebro-Spinal Axis, see Encephalon. 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINANT, Cerebro-spinal. 
 
 CER'EBRUM or CERE'BRUM. The brain. 
 (F.) Cerveau, Cervelle. This term is sometimes 
 applied to the whole of the contents of the cra- 
 nium : at others, to the upper portion ;— the pos- 
 terior and inferior being called cerebellum. The 
 brain, properly so called, extends from the os 
 frontis to the superior occipital fossae. Anterior- 
 l.y, it rests on the orbitar vaults : behind this, on 
 the middle fossae of the base of the cranium ; 
 and, posteriorly, on the tentorium eerebello super- 
 extensum. The upper surface is divided by a 
 deep median cleft (Scissure interlobaire, — Cb.) 
 into two halves, called hemispjheres, which are 
 imited at the base by the corpus callosum. At 
 its surface are numerous convolutions. The infe- 
 rior surface exhibits, from before to behind, three 
 lobes, distinguished into anterior, middle, and 
 posterior. The middle is separated from the an- 
 terior by the fissure of Sylvius ; and from the 
 posterior, by a shallow furrow which corresponds 
 to the upper portion of the pars petroaa. Inter- 
 nally, the brain has, on the median line, the cor- 
 pus callosum, septiim lucidum, fornix, pineal 
 gland, a,ndthird ventricle: — and laterally, the late- 
 ral ventricles, in which are the corpora striata, 
 optic thalami, Ac. It is contained in a triple 
 envelope, (see Meninges.) Its texture is pidpy, 
 and vai-ies according to age. Two substances may 
 be distinguished in it— the white, medullary, tubtdur 
 or fibrous — medxdVa cer'ehri, and the cortical, 
 cineritious, vesicular, or gray. The former is 
 white ; and occupies all the interior and base of 
 the brain. The latter is grayish and softer. It 
 is situate particularly at the surface of the organ. 
 
 The brain receives several arterial vessels, fur- 
 nished by the internal carotid and vertebral. Its 
 veins end in the sinuses. It is the mntcri.Tl 
 organ of the mental and moral manifostatiori.^i. 
 According to Gall, each part is the spetdal seat 
 of one of those faculties, and the brain and cere- 
 bellum, inclusive, are called by him 'the ncrrcu* 
 system of the mental faculties.' See Craniology. 
 
CEREFOLIUM 
 
 191 
 
 CERVISPINA 
 
 The su'bstance of the nervous system — Neurine 
 has beeu analyzed by Vauquelin, and found to 
 contain water, 80.00 ; white fatty matter, 4.53 ; 
 red fatty matter, called cerebrine, 0.70 ; osma- 
 zome, 1.12; albumen, 7.00; phosphorus, 1.50; 
 sulphur, acid phosphates of potassa, lime, and 
 magnesia, 5.15. 
 
 Cerebrum Abdominale, Solar plexus — e. Elon- 
 gatum. Medulla oblongata — c. Parvum, Cerebel- 
 lum — c. Posterius, Cerebellum. 
 
 CEREFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium— e. His- 
 panicum, ChEerophyllum odoratum — c. Sylvestre, 
 ChEerophyllum sylvestre. 
 
 CEREL^UM, Cerate. 
 
 CEREOLUS, Bougie. 
 
 CERERISIA, Cerevisia. 
 
 CEREUM MEDICATUM, Bougie. 
 
 CERE US, Bougie. 
 
 CEREVIS'IA, quasi Cereris'ia, Cervia'ia, Oe'- 
 lia, Zythus, Zi/thum, Liquor Cer'eris, Vinum hor- 
 dea'cewn, Bira, Bryton, (Spvrov, Barley wine, from 
 Ceres, 'corn;' whence it is made. Ale [Alia,) 
 Beer, Porter, (F.) Biere, Cervoise. These fluids 
 are drunk by the inhabitants of many countries 
 habitually, and in Great Britain and Germany 
 more than in others. They are nourishing, but 
 not very easy of digestion. The old dispensato- 
 ries contain numerous medicated ales, which are 
 no longer in use. 
 
 Cerevisia Nigra, see Falltranck. 
 
 CERFEUIL, Scandix cerefolium — c. Mtisque, 
 Chaerophyllum odoratum — c. Sauvage, Chaero- 
 phyllum sylvestre. 
 
 CERION, Favus, Poi-rigo favosa. 
 
 GERISIER, Prunus cerasus — c. ot Grappes, 
 Prunus padus — c. de Virginie, Prunus Virginiana. 
 
 CERNIN, SAINT, WATERS OF. St. C. is a 
 parish in the diocess of St. Flour, Upper Au- 
 vergne, France. The water is a chalybeate. It 
 is called Eau du Camhon. 
 
 CERNOS, Capistrum. 
 
 CEROE'NE, Cerou'ne, or Oiroue'ne, Ceroe'vum, 
 from Krjpo;, 'wax,' and tuvo?, 'wine.' A plaster 
 composed of yellow loax, mutton suet, pitch. Bur- 
 gundy pitch, bole Armeniac, thus and wine. It 
 was used as a strengthening plaster. Sometimes 
 it contained neither wax nor wine. 
 
 CEROMA, Cerate. 
 
 CEROMANTI'A, from Ktipo;, ' wax,' and //av- 
 reia, ' divination.' The art of foretelling the fu- 
 ture, from the figures which melted wax assumes, 
 when suffered to drop on the surface of water. 
 
 CERONIUM, Cerate. 
 
 CEROPIS'SUS, from xvpo^, 'wax,' and naaa, 
 ' pitch.' A depilatory plaster, composed of pitch 
 ajid wax. 
 
 CEROS. Cera. 
 
 CEROSTROSIS, Hystriciasis. 
 
 CEROTUM, Cerate. 
 
 CEROXYLON, see Cera flava et alba. 
 
 CBRUA, Rioinis communis. 
 
 CERU'MEN, from cera, 'wax.' Ceru'men 
 Au'rium, Ce'rea, Auriiim Sordes, Sordic'ulm au'- 
 rium, Marmora'ta Au'rium, Cypsele, Ceru'minoiis 
 ITumour, Ear-ioax, Gyp'selis, Fu'gile, (F.) Cire 
 des Oreilles. A name given to the unctuous hu- 
 mour, similar to wax in its physical properties, 
 which is met with in the meatus audiforius exter- 
 rtus. It is secreted by glands, situate beneath 
 the skin lining the meatus. It lubricates the 
 meatus, preserves the suppleness of the lining 
 membrane, prevents the introduction of bodies 
 ■floating in the atmosphere, and by its bitterness 
 und unctuousness prevents insects from pene- 
 trating. 
 
 CERU'MINOUS, Cerxtmtno'sus, (F.) Cerumi- 
 neux. Relating to cerumen. 
 
 Cbruminods Glands, Ceru'minous Follicles, 
 (F.) Glands cdruminewes ou FoUiculea cSrumi- 
 
 neuses. Glands or follicles which secrete tha 
 cerumen. 
 
 CERUSSA ACETATA, Plumbi superacetas— 
 c. Alba Hispanica, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Alba 
 Norica, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Psymmithron, 
 Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Serpentaria, see Arum 
 maculatum. 
 
 CERUSSE, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 CERUS'SEA URI'NA. A term used by Para- 
 celsus for the urine, when of a colour like cerusso. 
 
 CERVARIA ALBA, Laserpitium latifolium. 
 
 CERVEAU, Cerebrum. 
 
 CERVELET, Cerebellum. 
 
 GER VELLE, Cerebrum. 
 
 CERVI ELAPHI CORNU, Cornu cervi, see 
 Cervus. 
 
 CER'VICAL, Cervica'lia, from cervix, 'the 
 back of the neck.' Trache'lian. Every thing 
 which concerns the neck, especially the back part. 
 
 Cervical Ar'teries are three in number : 1. 
 The ascending, anterior, or superficial, a branch 
 of the inferior thyroid, distributed to the sealeni 
 muscles and integuments. 2. The transverse 
 ( Cervico-scapidaire — Ch.,) a branch of the axil- 
 lary artery, or of the subclavian : distributed to 
 the levator scapulae, trapezius, &o. 3. The pos- 
 terior or profound, A. transversa'lis colli, Tra- 
 chelo-cervicale — (Ch.) a branch of the subclavian, 
 distributed to the deep-seated muscles on the an- 
 terior and posterior parts of the neck. See, also, 
 Princeps Cervicis (arteria.) 
 
 Cervical Gan'glions. The three ganglions 
 of the great sympathetic. The cervical glands 
 or lymphatic glands of the neck are, also, so 
 called. See Trisplanchnic nerve. 
 
 Cervical Lig'aments. These are two in 
 number. 1. The anterior, extending from the 
 basilary process of the occipital bone to the an- 
 terior part of the first cervical vertebra. 2. The 
 posterior or supraspinous, Ligamen'tum Nu'ehce, 
 which extends from the outer occipital protube- 
 rance to the spinous process of the seventh cer- 
 vical vertebra. In animals with large heads it is 
 very strong. 
 
 Cervical Nerves are eight in number on 
 each side, and form the eight cervical jyaire, which 
 are the first given ofi' from the spinal marrow. 
 
 Cervical Plexus, Plexus Trachelo-sonscutani 
 (Ch.) The nervous net- work formed by the an- 
 terior branches of the first three cervical nerves, 
 above the posterior scalenus muscle, and at the 
 outer side of the pneumogastric nerve, Cirotid 
 artery, and jugular vein. 
 
 Cervical Region, Anterior, Deep, Prtve^'- 
 tebral region. The region of the neck, occupied 
 by three pairs of muscles placed immediately in 
 front of the cervical and three superior dors.ii 
 vertebrte : — viz. the rectus capitis anticus major, 
 the rectus capitis anticus minor, and longus colli ; 
 — hence teYw^eti prevertebral muscles. 
 
 Cervical Veins have nearly the same distri- 
 bution as the arteries. 
 
 Cervical Ver'tebr^. The first seven verte • 
 bree of the spine. 
 
 CERVICALIS DESCENDENS, see Hypo 
 glossus and Sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 CERVICARIA, Campanula traehelium. 
 
 CERVIGI-DORSO-SGAPULAIRE, Ehom 
 boideus — c. Dorso-costal, Serratus posticus su- 
 perior — e. Borso-masto'idien et dorso-trachelien, 
 Splenius — c. Masto'idien, Splenius. 
 
 CER'VICO-FA'CIAL, Cervi' co-facia'Hs. P-^- 
 longing to the neck and face. 
 
 Cervico-facial Nerve, Nervua cermco-facia 
 lis. A branch of the facial nerve, distributed to 
 the neck and face. 
 
 CERVISIA, Cerevisia. 
 
 CERVISPINA, Rhamnua. 
 
CERVIX 
 
 192 
 
 CHAM^DRYS 
 
 CERYIX, Colhim. The neck. A neck. 
 
 Cervix Obstipa, Torticollis — c- Uteri, Collum 
 uteri. 
 
 CERVOISE, Cerevisia. 
 
 CERVUS, Cerva. The hom of the Cervus EV- 
 apAus, caUed Cornu, Cervi El'aphi Cornu, Cornu 
 Cervi'num, Hartshorn, (F.) Come de eerf, con- 
 tains 27 parts of gelatin in the 100. A jelly made 
 from the shavings is emollient and nutritive. 
 
 The Stag's Fizzle, Pria'pug Cervi, was once 
 considered to be aphrodisiac. Dose, Qj to 33? in 
 pQ-vvder. ^ 
 
 Cervus Alces. The Elk, (F.) Elan. The 
 hoof of this animal was anciently used as an anti- 
 epileptic. The animal, it was asserted, was sub- 
 ject to attacks of epilepsy, and always cured them 
 by putting its hoof into the ear. The hoof was 
 also worn as an amulet. 
 
 Cornu Usfum, Burnt Hartshorn, has been used 
 as an antacid, but it consists of 57 parts of phos- 
 phate, and only one of carbonate of lime. It is, 
 therefore, not of much use. 
 
 CESARIENNE OPERATION, Csesarean 
 section. 
 
 CESSATIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhoea. 
 
 CESTRI'TES. A wine prepared from betony, 
 [Ke(7Tpov, ' betony.') 
 
 CESTROK', Betonica o£5einalis. 
 
 CETA'CEIJil, from Kvro;, 'a whale.' Album 
 Ceti, Adipioce'ra ceto'sa, Steari'num ceta'ceum, 
 Spermacet' i, (F.) Blanc de Baleine, Ceiine, Adi- 
 poctre de Baleine. An inodorous, insipid, white, 
 crystallized, friable, unctuous substance, obtained 
 from the brain of the Physe'ter Ilaerocejjh'alu^ 
 or Spiermaceti Whale, and other varieties of 
 whale. S. g. .9433 : melts at 112°. It is de- 
 mulcent and emollient, and has been given in 
 coughs and dysentery, but is mostly used in oint- 
 ments. Dose, 3ss to ^iss, rubbed up with sugar 
 or egg. 
 
 CETERACH OFFICII ARUM, Asplenium 
 eeterach. 
 
 CETINE, Cetaceum. 
 
 CETRARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus. 
 
 CETRARIN, see Lichen islandicus. 
 
 CETRARIUM, see Lichen islandicus. 
 
 CEVADILLA HISPAlSfORUM, Veratrum sa- 
 badilla. 
 
 CEVADILLE, Veratrum sabadilla. 
 
 CHAA. Thea. 
 
 CH^REFOLIUM, Scandis cerefolium. 
 
 CH^ROPHYL'LUM, from xaijjoi, 'I rejoice,' 
 i^nd (pvWov, ' a leaf.' Scandis cerefolium. 
 
 CHJEROPHYLLUJt CEREFOLIUM, Scandis ccrefo- 
 lium — c. Angulatum, Ch.sylvestre. 
 
 Chjerophtl'lum Odora'tum, Scandix Odo- 
 ra'ta,Myrrhi8 Odora'ta seu J/a/or, Cicuta'riaodo- 
 ra'ta, Cerefo'lium Hispan'icum, Sweet Cic"ely, 
 (F.) Cerfeuil musquee ou d' Espagne, has the 
 pmell of aniseed, and is cultivated on account of 
 its aromatic properties. 
 
 Ch^rophyl'lum MoNOGYNU3f, Ch. sylvestre — 
 c. Sativum, Scandix. 
 
 Ch^erophyl'lum Stlves'trB, Cicuta'ria, ChoB- 
 rophyl'luni tem'xdum seu monog'ynum sen angu- 
 la'tum seu verticella' turn, Anthris'cus hu'milM seu 
 proc"erus, Cerefo'lium Sylves'tre, Bastard Herur- 
 lock. Wild Chervil or Coic-weed, (F.) Cerfeuil 
 tanvage, Persil d'Ane, is a slightly fetid aromatic, 
 but is not used. 
 
 Ch^rophyllum Tejiulum, ChasrophyUum syl- 
 vestre — c. Verticillatum, Ch. sylvestre. 
 CH^TE, CapiUus. 
 
 CHAFING, Erytlie'ma Intertri' go, Intertri'go, 
 Paratrim/ma, Paratrip'si-s, Diatrim'ma, Attri'ta, 
 Attrit"io, from echavff'er, ' to heat' ^ Fret. Ero- 
 f!ions of the skinj Attri'tua, (F.) Echauffemens, 
 Ecorehures. The red ezcoriations which occur 
 
 in consequence of the friction of parts, or between 
 the folds of the skin, especially in fat or neglected 
 children. Washing with cold water and dusting 
 with hair-powder is the best preventive. When 
 occurring between the nates and in the region of 
 the perinaeum, from long walking, — Intertri'go 
 pod'ieis, Procta.l'gia intertrigino'sa, — it is vul- 
 garly designated by the French Entrefesson. 
 
 CHAIR, Flesh. 
 
 CHAIR, OBSTETRIC, Labour chair. 
 
 CHAISE PERCEE, Lasanum. 
 
 CHALASIS, Relaxation. 
 
 CHALASMUS, Relaxation. 
 
 CHALAS'TICUS, from x^^au, '1 relax.' A 
 medicine proper for removing rigidity of the 
 fibres. — Galen. An emollient or relaxant. 
 
 CHAL'AZA, Chala'zion, Chalazium, Chalazo'- 
 sis, Poro'sis, Grando, TopTiVS, Hail, (F.) Grele, 
 Gravelle. A hard, round, transparent tumour, 
 developed in different parts of the body, more 
 especially in the substance of the eyelids. — 
 Also, the Cicatricula of the egg. Generally, how- 
 ever, in the language of ovologists, the chalaza 
 or poles are, in the egg of the bird, the more 
 dense internal layer of the albumen, which ad- 
 heres to the yolk, and is continued, in the form 
 of two spirally twisted bands, towards the extre- 
 mities of the egg. The twisting is considered to 
 be produced by the revolving motion of the egg 
 in its descent through the oviduct. 
 
 ChalazjE, see Chalaza. 
 
 CHALCANTHUM, Ferri sulphas — c. Album 
 Zinci sulphas. 
 
 CHALCEDONIUS, Cornelian. 
 
 CHALCITAS, Bismuth. 
 
 CHALCITES, Colcothar. 
 
 CHALCOIDEUM, (os), Cuneiform bone. 
 
 CHALCOS, Cuprum, ^reolum. 
 
 CHALCUS, ^reolum. 
 
 CHALEUR, Heat — c. Acre, see Acrid — c. Atii- 
 male, Animal heat, see Heat — c. dea Animaux, 
 see Heat. 
 
 CHALEUR S BU FOIE, Heat. 
 
 CHALIXI, see Lip. 
 
 CHAL'INOPLASTY, Chalinoplas'tice ; from 
 ;\;aAivof, 'frsenum,' 'a bridle,' and TrXaatno, 'I 
 form.' The operation for forming anewfraenum. 
 
 CHALK, Creta — c. Red, Rubrica febrilis — c. 
 Stones, Calculi, arthritic. 
 
 CHALYB'EATE, Chohjbea'tus, Ferrvgin'eus, 
 Fcrrugino'sns, Ferra'tus, Martia'lis, Ferru'gi- 
 noxis, Mar'tial, (F.) Ferrugineux ; from chahjbs, 
 'iron or steel.' Of, or belonging to iron; contain- 
 ing iron. Any medicine into which iron enters, 
 as chalybeate mixture, pills, icaters, &c. See Wa- 
 ters, Mineral. 
 
 CHALYBIS RUBIGO, Ferri subcarbonas. 
 
 CHALYBS, from Chalybes ; a people of Pon- 
 tus, who dug iron out of the earth; A'cies, Steel. 
 The Proto-carburet of iron, (F.) Acier. As a 
 medicine, steel does not difi"er from iron. 
 
 Chalybs Tartarizatus, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
 
 CHAMA, Cheme. 
 
 CHAMiEACTE, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 CHAMiEBATOS, Fragaria. 
 
 CHAMuECEDRIS. Artemisia santonica. 
 
 CHAM^CISSUS, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 CHAMiECLEMA, Glechoma hederacea — c. 
 Hederacea, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 CHAM^CYPARISSUS, Artemisia santonica, 
 
 CKAM^DROPS, Teucrium chamaedrys. 
 
 CHAM^DRYi'TES. A wine, in which tho 
 Teu'crium Chnramdrys has been infused. 
 
 CHAMuEDRYS, Rubus ehama;morus,Teuerium 
 Ch., Veronica — c. Incana maritima, Teucrium 
 marum — c. Marum, Teucrium marum — c. Minor 
 repens, Teucrium Ch. — c. Palustris, Teucrium 
 seordium — c. Scordium, Teucrium scordium — c 
 Vulgaris, Teucrium Ch. 
 
CHAM^GEIRON 
 
 193 
 
 CHARM 
 
 CHAM.5:GEIR0N, TussUago. 
 
 CHAM^EL^AGNUS, Myrica gale. 
 
 CHAM^LAI'TES. A wine impregnated with 
 uhamaelea, Daphne Alpi'na. 
 
 CHAMJiLEA, Cneorum tricoccum. 
 
 CHAMiELEON ALBUM, CarUna acaulis. 
 
 CHAM^LEUCE, Tussilago. 
 
 CHAMiELINUM, Linum eatharticum. 
 
 CHAM^LIR'IUM LU'TEUM, Vera'trum lu'- 
 tetun, Helo'nias lu'tea, H. Bioi'ca, Devil's Bit, 
 Blazing star ; indigenous: 0/-fZer, Melanthaceas ; 
 flowering in June ; is acrid. An infusion of the 
 root has been given as an anthelmintic ; a tinc- 
 ture, as a tonic. 
 
 CHAM^MELUM, Anthemis nobilis— c. Foe- 
 tidum, Anthemis cotula — c. iSTohile, Anthemis 
 nobilis^c. Odoratum, Anthemis nobilis — c. Vul- 
 gare, Matricaria chamomilla. 
 
 CHAM^MORUS, Teucrium chamaepitys, Ru- 
 bus ehamsemorus — c. Norwegica, Rubus chamEe- 
 morus. 
 
 CHAM^EPEUCE, Camphorosma Monspeliaca. 
 
 CHAM^PITUI'NUM YINUM. A wine, in 
 which the leaves of the Ohatnce'pitys, Teu'crium 
 Cham'a'intys, have been infused. 
 
 CHAM^PITYS, Teucrium chamaepitys — c. 
 Anthyllus, Teucrium iva — c. Moschata, Teu- 
 crium iva. 
 
 CHAM.EPLION, Erysimum. 
 
 CHAM^RAPH'ANUM, from x'^l'ah 'on the 
 ground,' and pacpavog, 'the radish.' So Paulus 
 of jEgina calls the upper part of the root of the 
 A2}itim. 
 
 CHAM^'ROPS SERRAT'ULA, Saio Pal- 
 metto. A farina is prepared from the roots of 
 this plant, which is used by the Indians, in Flo- 
 rida, as diet. 
 
 CHAMBAR, Magnesia. 
 
 CHAMBER, Cam'era, (F.) Chamhre. A term 
 used in speaking of the eye, in which there 
 are two chambers, Came'rce oc'itli: — an ante- 
 rior and a, posterior ; (F.) Chambre anterieiire et 
 j}Osterieure. The anterior is the space between 
 the cornea and the anterior part of the iris : — the 
 posterior, the space between the iris and anterior 
 surface of the crystalline. They are filled with 
 the aqueous humour, and communicate by the 
 opening in the pupil. 
 
 CHAM'BERLAIN'S RESTOR'ATIVE 
 PILLS., This nostrum, recommended in scro- 
 fula, and all impurities of the blood, has been 
 analyzed by Dr. Paris, and found to consist of 
 cinnahar, sulphur, sulphate of lime, and a little 
 vegetable matter. Each pill weighs 3 grains. 
 
 CHA3IBRE, Chamber. 
 
 CHAMBRIE, Cannabis sativa. 
 
 CHAMELEA, Daphne Alpina, 
 
 CHAMOMILE, DOGS', Matricaria chamomilla 
 
 — e. Dyers', Anthemis tinetoria — c. German, 
 Matricaria chamomilla — c. Spanish, Anthemis 
 pyrethrum — c. Stinking, Anthemis cotula — c. 
 Wild, Anthemis cotula, Matricaria glabrata. 
 
 CHAMOMILLA FCETIDA, Anthemis cotula 
 
 — c. Nostras, Matricaria chamomilla — c. Ro- 
 mana, Anthemis nobilis — c. Spuria, Anthemis 
 cotula. 
 
 CHAMPACA, Michelia champaca. 
 CHAMPIGNON, Fungus — c. de I'Appareil 
 des Fractures, Clavaria — c. de Couche, see Agaric 
 
 — c. de 3Ialte, Cj'nomorion coecineum. 
 CHANCELA6UA, Canehalagua. 
 CHANCRE, (F.) Ulcus cancro'sum, Ulciw'cu- 
 
 Inm cancro'sum. A sore, which arises from the 
 direct application of the venereal virus ; hence it 
 IS almost always seated, in men, on the penis. 
 The French use the word Chancre, in popular 
 language, for cancerous ulcers, the malignant 
 aphthse of children, &c. Formerly, the terms 
 33 
 
 Car'oli and Ca'ries pttdendo' rum were used for 
 venereal pustules or sores on the parts of gene- 
 ration. , 
 
 CHANCRE BAR YE. A concealed chancre, 
 such as has been supposed by M. Ricord to give 
 occasion to gonorrhoea virulenta. 
 
 CHANCREUX, Chancreuse, (F.) Cancro'sua, 
 Carcino'dea. Having the nature of chancre, or 
 of cancer. 
 
 Bouton Chancrevx. A small tumour of a can- 
 cerous nature, which makes its appearance on 
 the face — most frequently on the upper lip — Noli 
 me tangere. ^ 
 
 CHANT DES ARTERES Sifflement module. 
 
 CHANVRE, Cannabis sativa — c. Indien, 
 Bangue. 
 
 CHAOMANTI'A. The alchymists meant, by 
 this word, the art of predicting the future from 
 observation of the air. The word Chaos wa? 
 used b}^ Paracelsus for the air; {/lavTcta, 'divi- 
 nation.') 
 
 CHAOSDA, Plague. 
 
 CHAPE R ONDEMOINE, Aconitum napellus. 
 
 CHAPITEAU, Alembic. 
 
 CHAPPEDONADE, Chappetonade. 
 
 CHAPPETONADE, Chappedonade, (F.), 
 Vom'itus rahio'siis. Vomiting accompanied by 
 furious delirium, attacking strangers in hot 
 countries. 
 
 CHAR'ACTER, ^apaxTrip, 'A mark or impres- 
 sion.' (F.) Caractere. In Pathology it is used 
 synonymously with stamp or appearance. We 
 say, "A disease is of an unfavourable character," 
 " The prevailing epidemic has a bilious charac- 
 ter," &c. In 3Iental Philosophy it means — that 
 which distinguishes one individual from another, 
 as regards his understanding and passions. See 
 Symbol. 
 
 CHARA'DRIUS. .^lian thus calls a bird, 
 which was reputed to cure jaundice. The word 
 now means the plover. 
 
 CHARANTIA, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 CHAR BON, Anthrax carbo. 
 
 CHARBONNEUX, Anthracoid. 
 
 CHARCOAL, Carbo — c. Animal, Carbo ani- 
 malis. 
 
 CHAR DON A UX ANES, Onopordium aeaa- 
 thium — c. Benit, Centaurea benedicta — c. d Bon- 
 netier, Dipsacus fullonum — c. Etoile, Centaurea 
 caleitrapa — c. a Fovlon, Dipsacus fullonum — c. 
 Hemorrhoidal, Cirsium arvense — c. Marie, Car- 
 duus Marianus — c. Roland, Eryngium campestre. 
 
 CHAR'LATAN, from Ital. ciarlare, 'to talk 
 much ;' Circula'tor, Circumfora' neus, Periodcu'tes, 
 Pseudomed'icus, Agyr'ta, Anacyc'leon, A Quack, 
 an Emjjirical Pretender, an Emp'iric. Origi- 
 nally, one who went from place to place to sell 
 a medicine, to which he attributed marvellous 
 properties. By extension — any individual,, who 
 endeavours to deceive the public by passing him- 
 self off as more skilful than he really is. Ac- 
 cording to Menage, the word comes from eireu- 
 latanus, a corruption of circulator. 
 
 CHAR'LATANRY, Agyr'tia, Banau'sia, the 
 conduct or action of a charlatan. (F.) Charla- 
 tanerie, Charlatanisme, Quackery, Empiricism. 
 
 CHARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis. 
 
 CHARM, Lat. Carmen, 'a verse,' because 
 charms often consisted of verses, whence comes 
 the Italian, Ciarma, (F.) Charme, with the same 
 signification. Canta'tio, Incantamen'tum. A trick, 
 a spell, an enchantment. A sort of magic, or super- 
 stitious practice, consisting of words, characters, 
 &e., by which it was believed, that individuals 
 might be struck with sickness or death, or bo 
 restored to health. 
 
 The following are specimens of old charais — 
 verse charms : 
 
charniMe 
 
 194 
 
 CHEESE 
 
 F\.r stancht'iig Blood, (Pepy?.) 
 
 Sanguis mane in te 
 
 Siciit Chrisius fuit in se ; 
 
 Sanguis mane in tiia vena 
 
 Sicut Christus in sua poena ; 
 
 Sanguis inane fixus, 
 
 Sicut Christus quando fuit crucifixus. 
 
 For Cramp, (Pepys.) 
 Cramp be thou fainlless, 
 As our lady was sinless, 
 When she bare Jesus. 
 
 For the Foot tohen asleep, (Coleridge.) 
 
 Foot ! foot ! foot ! is fast asleep ! 
 
 Thumb! thumb! thumb! in spittle we steep; 
 
 Crosses three we make to ease us. 
 
 Two for the thieves, and one for Christ Jesus. 
 
 The same charm served for cramp in the leg, 
 with this substitution : 
 
 The devil is tying a knot in my leg! 
 Mark, Luke, and John, unloose it, I beg! — 
 Crosses three, &c. 
 
 For a Burn, (Pepys.) 
 There came three angels out of the East ; 
 The one brought fire, the other brought frost. 
 Out fire; in frost. 
 
 In the name of the Father and Son and Holy Ghost. 
 
 Amen. 
 
 CHARNIERE, Ginglymus. 
 
 CHARNU, Carneous. 
 
 CHARPIE, Linteum — c. Brute, see Linteum 
 — c. Rapee, see Linteum. 
 
 CHART A A NTI ARTHRITIC A, Gout paper 
 — c. Antirheumatica, Gout paper — c. Vesicatoria, 
 Bee Sparadrapum Vesicatorium — c. Virginea, 
 Amnios. 
 
 GHARTRE, Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 OH AS, (F.) Acus fora'men. The eye of a 
 needle. Sometimes, this opening is near the 
 point of the instrument, as in the ligature needle. 
 
 CHASCHISCH, see Bangue. 
 
 CHASME, Yawning. 
 
 CHASPE, Variola. 
 
 GHASSE (P.), Manu'hrium. A kind of handle 
 composed of two movable laminse of horn, shell, 
 or ivory, united only at the extremity, which 
 holds the blade of the instrument, — as in the 
 common bleeding lancet. 
 
 GHASSIE (F.), Lema, Lippa, Glama, Gleme, 
 Gra'mia, Lemos'itas ; the gnm of the eye. A se- 
 baceous humour, secreted mainly by the follicles 
 of Meibomius, which sometimes glues the eyelids 
 together. 
 
 GHASSIE UX (F.) Lippxis ; covered with 
 Chassie — as Panpieres chassieuses. 
 
 CHASTE TREE, Vitex. 
 
 GHA TAIGNE, see Fagus castanea — c. d'Eau, 
 Trap a natans. 
 
 OHATAIGNIER GOMMUN, Fagus castanea 
 — c. Nain, Fagns castanea pumila. 
 
 CHATEAU -LANDON, WATERS OF. A 
 town three le.agues from Nemours, in France. 
 The waters contain alum and iron. 
 
 CHATEAU-SALINS, WATERS OF; a town 
 in the department of La-Meurthe, France. The 
 waters contain carbonate of lime, sulphates of 
 lime and magnesia, and chlorides of magnesium 
 and sodium. 
 
 CHATELDON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 'Chateluon is in the department of Puy-de-Dome, 
 i'ranee. The waters contain carbonic acid and iron. 
 
 CHATEL-GUYON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A village in France, in the department Puy-dc- 
 D6me, near which there are five thermal acidu- 
 lous springs. Temperature, 86° Fahrenheit. 
 
 GHATON (F.), 'a husk.' In pathology, it 
 means &.fnnda or cavity formed by the irregular 
 iti hour-glaaa ccntraction of the uterus, in which 
 
 the placenta is often retained or enchatonni after 
 the birth of the child. It is detected by passing 
 the fingers along the cord as far as the part which 
 is contracted, when the placenta wiU not be dis- 
 coverable. 
 
 The treatment consists in relaxing by a large 
 dose of an opiate, then passing the fingers along 
 the cord, and gradually dilating the opening 
 through which it passes, until it permits the hand 
 to go through. The placenta must then be 
 grasped and gently withdrawn. 
 
 GHATON, Vaginal process. 
 
 GHATONNE, GALGUL, (F.) Galeulua irrcar. 
 cera'tus, Eucys'ted Gal'culus, Galcul enkyste. A 
 urinary calculus, adherent to the inner surface ' 
 of the bladder, so that it is immovable, and can- 
 not pass to the different parts of that organ. 
 This happens when calculi form in some natural 
 or accidental cavity of the bladder; or when the 
 organ, by ulceration, gives rise to fungi, which 
 surround the calculus ; or when it is lodged in 
 the orifice of the ureter or urethra. 
 
 GHATONNE, PL AGENT A, (F.) The pla- 
 centa when retained as above described. See 
 Ghuton. 
 
 GHATONNEMENT, (F.) Incarcera'tio, Cha- 
 tonnement du placenta, Enkystement. — Hour-glass 
 contraction of the uterus. See Ghaton. 
 
 GHATOUILLEMENT, (F.) This word some- 
 times means the action of ticJclinff or titillation 
 {Titilla'tio,) and, at others, the sensation which 
 gives rise to the action {Pruri'tue,) Itching. 
 
 GHAT RE, Castratus. 
 
 GHATRURE, Castration. 
 
 GHAUDEAU, Caudle. 
 
 CHAUDBBOURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 C. is three quarters of a league from Thionville, 
 in France. The waters contain iron, sulphate 
 of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and carbonate of 
 lime. 
 
 GHA UDEPISSE, Gonorrhoea impura— c. Gor. 
 die, Gonorrhosa cordata — c. Tomhee dans let 
 Bourses, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 CHAUDES-AIGUES, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. A small town in the department of Cantal, 
 France, where there is a number of saline springs 
 containing carbonic acid, carbonate of soda, and 
 chloride of sodium. Temp. 190° Fahrenheit. 
 
 GHAUDIERE, see Alembic. 
 
 CHAUFFOIR (F.), Linteum Galefacto' rium. 
 According to the Aeademie, a warmed cloth, used 
 either for the purpose of warming a patient, or 
 to apply to a female recently delivered. 
 
 GHAUSSE, (F.) Ghausse'd' Hippocrate, Blanche 
 d'Hippofirate, Man'ica Hi'ppoc'ratis, Man'ica. 
 Hippocrates' Sleeve. A conical bag, made of 
 flannel, for straining liquids. 
 
 GHAUSSE-TRAPPE, Centaurea calcitrapa, 
 
 GHAUVETE, Calvities. 
 
 GHA UX, Calx — c. Bichlornre de, Caleis chlo- 
 ridum — c. Ghlorure de, Caleis chloridum — c. Hy- 
 drochlorate de, Caleis murias — c. Hydrosulfate 
 de, Caleis sulphuretum — c. Muriate de, Caleis 
 murias — c. Muriate oxigeiie de, Caleis chloridum 
 — c. Muriate stiroxn/hie de, Caleis chloridum — 
 c. Oxichlorure de. Caleis chloridum - — c. Oximit- 
 riate de, Caleis chloriTlum — c. Vive, Calx viva. 
 
 CHECKER-BERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 CHEEK. Gena. 
 
 CHEESE, Sax. cere, (L.) Ca'sexs, Tyros, Pecte, 
 (F.) Fromage. An aliment, prepared from the 
 caseous and oleaginous parts of milk. Fresh 
 cheeses owe their chief medical properties to the 
 immediate principle, essentially cheesy, to which 
 the name cn'seum or ca'sein has been applied. 
 Those, which have been recently salted, are di- 
 gested with comparative facility. The flavoor 
 
CHEESE 
 
 195 
 
 CHEMOSIS 
 
 of cheese is owing to an ammoniacal caseate. 
 On the whole, cheese itself is not easy of diges- 
 tion, although it may stimulate the stomach to 
 greater exertion, and thus aid in the digestion 
 .of other substances. 
 
 CHEESE REjSTNET, Galium verum, 
 
 CHEE'SY, Casea'rius, Caseo'siis, Tyro'des, (F.) 
 Caseux on Gaseeux. Having the nature of cheese. 
 
 CREF, Bandage (tail.) 
 
 CHEGOE, Cliique. 
 
 CHE GEE, Chique. 
 
 CHEILI'TIS, Chili' tis, from x^^o^j '^ lip-' 
 Inflammation of the lip. See Chilon. 
 
 CHBILOC'ACE, from x^^^°ij '^ ^ip/ ^°<^ KaKog, 
 'evil.' Labrisul'eium. A disease, characterized, 
 it is said, by swelling, induration, and slight red- 
 ness of the lips without inflammation ; reputed, 
 but without any authority, to be common in 
 England and Scotland, amongst children. Also, 
 the thickness of the upper lip of scrofulous chil- 
 dren. See Stomacace, and Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 CHEILOCARCINO'MA, from x"^oy> 'a lip,' 
 and Ka^Kii'i^jia, 'a cancer.' Cancer of the lip. 
 
 CHEILOMALACIA, Cancer aquaticus, Sto- 
 macace. 
 
 CHEILO>r, Chilon. 
 
 CHEILON'CUS, Cheilopliy'ma, from ;^£iAoj, 
 ' lip,' and oyKo^, ' swelling.' A swelling of the lip. 
 
 CHEILUPHYMA, Cheiloncus. 
 
 CHEILOPLAS'TICE, Ghiloplas'tice, from x^t- 
 Xof, 'lip,' and trXacrix:;, 'forming.' The opera- 
 tion for an artificial lip. 
 
 CHtllLOS, Lip. 
 
 CHEIMA, Cold. 
 
 CHEIMETLO]Sr, Chilblain. 
 
 CHEIMIA, Rigor. 
 
 CHEIR, Manus. 
 
 CHBIRAN'THUS CHEIRI, from x^'P, 'the 
 hand,' and avQoi, ' flower.' The systematic name 
 of the Common Yellow Wall Flower, Vi'ola lu'tea, 
 Leaco'ium lu'teum, Keyri, Cheiri, (F.) Gerofiee ou 
 Violier jaune. The flowers have been esteemed 
 nervine, narcotic, and deobstruent. 
 
 CHEIRAP'SIA. The action of rubbing or 
 scratching, from ^ftp, ' the hand,' and airru, ' I 
 touch.' A troublesome symptom in the itch. 
 
 CHEIRIATER, Surgeon. 
 
 CHEIRIS'MA, Cheiris'mus. The act of touch- 
 ing : — handling. Any manual operation. 
 
 CHEIRIXIS. Surgery. 
 
 CHEIRONOM'IA, Chironom'ia, from x^'""' 
 VQjAtisi, ' I exercise with the hands.' An exercise, 
 referred to by Hippocrates, which consisted in using 
 the hands, as in our exercise of the dumb-bells. 
 
 CHEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus. 
 
 CHEIROSIS, Subactio. 
 
 CHELA, Cliele. This word has several signi- 
 fications. Chela, a forked probe used for extract- 
 ing polypi from the nose. Chela — chaps, or 
 cracks on the feet, organs of generation, &c. 
 Choice likewise means claws, especially those of 
 the crab. See Cancrorum Chelse. 
 
 ChbLvE Palpebrarum, see Tarsus. 
 
 CHELAPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 CHELE, Chela. 
 
 CHELIDOINE GRANDE, Chelidonium ma- 
 jus — c' Petite, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 CHELIDON, ;:^;cXi5uv, the hollow at the bend 
 of the arm; Hirundo. 
 
 CHELIDONIA ROTUNDIFOLIA MINOR, 
 Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 CHELIDONIUM, Bryonia alba— c. Hasmato- 
 des, Ch. majus. 
 
 ChelidoS'iujt Majus, Ch. hcemato'des, from 
 j^£Ai5u)v, ' a swallow,' because its flowering coin- 
 cides with the appearance of the swallow. Pa- 
 pa'ver Cornicida'tum, P. lu'teum, Common CeV- 
 andine, Tettenoort, ( F. ) Chelidoine grande, 
 L'Eolaire. Family, Papaveraceae. Sex. Syst. 
 
 Polyandria Monogynia. The root and recent 
 plant have been considered aperient and diuretic. 
 Externally, the juice has been employed in some 
 cutaneous diseases. 
 
 Chelidonium Minus, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 CHELIDO'NIUS LAPIS. A name given to 
 stones, which, it was pretended, existed in tho 
 stomach of young swallows. They were formerly 
 believed capable of curing epUepsy. 
 
 CHELOID^Cancroid. 
 
 CHELO'NE, x^^'^^it '* tortoise.' An instru- 
 ment for extending a limb ; so called, because in 
 its slow motions, it resembled a tortoise. — Oriba- 
 sius. See Testudo. 
 
 Chelo'nb Glabra, Common Snake head, Tur- 
 tle head, Turtle bloom, Shellfloxcer, Balmony. An 
 indigenous plant, Sex. Syst. Didynamia angio- 
 spermia; blossoming from July to November. 
 The leaves are bitter and tonic; without any aro- 
 matic smell, and with very little astringeney. 
 
 CHELO'N.IA MYDAS, The Green Tvrth. 
 This species of turtle abounds on the coast of 
 Florida. It is the one so prized by the epicure. 
 
 CHELO'NION, Chelo'niitfti) from ;^£Auj');, ' a 
 tortoise,' from its resembling in shape the shell 
 of that animal. The upper, gibbous part of the 
 back. — Gorrajus. The scapula. 
 
 CHELONOPH'AGI, from x'^'^'^^"' '^'^^ tor- 
 toise,' and (paydi, ' I eat.' An ancient name for 
 certain tribes, who dwelt on the coasts of the Red 
 Sea, and who lived only on tortoises. — Pliny, 
 Diodorus of Sicily. 
 
 CHEL'SEA PEN'SIONER. An empirical re- 
 medy for rheumatism and gout, sold under this 
 name. (Gum f/uaiac, ^j ; powdered rhubarb, ^\y, 
 cream of tartar, ^j ; Jloicers of siiljihur, ^j ; one 
 w!(<me</, finely powdered: made into an electuary 
 with a pound of clarified honey.) Dose, two 
 spoonfuls. 
 
 CHEL'TENHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 C. is a town in Gloucestershire, England, nine 
 miles from Gloucester, and 94 W. of London. 
 Its water is one of the most celebrated natural 
 purgatives in England. It is a saline,'acidulou3 
 chalybeate, and is much frequented. Its main 
 constituents are chloride of sodium, sulphate of 
 soda, sulphate of magnesia, carbonic acid and 
 carbonate of iron. 
 
 Cheltenham Salts. These are sometimes 
 made from the waters ; at others, factitiously. 
 The following is a formula: Sodii chlorid., mag- 
 nes. sulphat., sodcR sulph., aa Ibj : dissolve, filter, 
 evaporate to dryness; then a.6.A Ferri sulph., "^ssi. 
 
 Cheltenham Water, Artificial, may be 
 made of Epsom salt, gr. xij ; iron flings, gr. j ; 
 Glauber's salt, ^iv; water, 4 gallons; impreg- 
 nated with the gas from marble potcder and sul- 
 phuric acid, aa ^ij. 
 
 CHELYS, Thorax. 
 
 CHELYS'CION, from Xf^^f, 'the chest.'- A 
 short, dry_cough. — Galen, Hippocrates, Foesius. 
 
 CHEME, Chama, Che'ramis. An ancient mea- 
 sure, equivalent to about two teaspoonfuls. 
 
 CHEMEUTICE, ChymisU-y. 
 
 CHEMIA, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMIATER, Chymiater. 
 
 CIIEMIATRIA, Chymiatria. 
 
 CHEMICO- HISTOLOGY, see Chymico-his- 
 tology. 
 
 CHEMICUS, Chymical, ChymisL 
 
 CHEMIST, Chymist. 
 
 CHEMISTRY, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMO'SIS, from xipi< '^^ aperture,' or fi-otn 
 Xvi">s> ' a humour.' A name given to ophthalmia., 
 when the conjunctiva, surrounding the cornea, 
 forms a high ring, making the cornea seem, as it 
 were, at the bottom of a well. By some, it is 
 used synonymously w.ith 02}hthalmia. ^,i:mbran(L. 
 rum. See Ophthalmia. 
 
CHEMOTICE 
 
 196 
 
 CHICKEN-WATER 
 
 CHEMOTICE, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMOTICUS, Chymical. 
 
 CHENAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Che- 
 nay is a town in France, two leagues from Rheims. 
 The waters are chalybeate. 
 
 CHJ&NE, Quercus alba — c. Marin, Fucus vesi- 
 culosus — c. Petit, Teucrium chamsedrys — c. Vert, 
 Ilex aquifolium. 
 
 CHE NEVIS, see Cannabis satiya. 
 
 CHENOBOSCON, Potentilla anserina. 
 
 CHENOC'OPRUS, from xw, 'a goose,' and 
 KUJTfK);, ' dung.' The dung of the goose is so de- 
 Bignated in some old Pharmacopogias. It was 
 formerly employed as a febrifuge and diuretic. 
 
 CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIACUM, Ch. am- 
 brosioides. 
 
 CaENOPo'DiUM Ambrosioi'des, Ch. suffructieo'- 
 mtm, from j(,iV) 'a goose,' and ttovs, ' a footj' JBo- 
 tri/s Jlexica'na, At'riplex llexica'na, Chenopo'- 
 dium amhrosiacnm seu 3Iexica'nuin, Botrys, Am- 
 hrosio'i'des Mexica' na, Botrya America'na, Arte- 
 iiiis'ia Botrys, Jlexico Tea, Spanish Tea, (F.) 
 Anserine, The du 3Iexique, Amhrosie du Mexique. 
 The infusion was once drunk as tea. It has been 
 given in paralytic cases ; and in the United States 
 ii said to be used as an anthelmintic indiscrimi- 
 nately with Ch. anthelminticum. 
 
 Chenopo'ditjm Anthelmin'ticum, Chenopo'- 
 dium, Botrys anthelmin'tica, Wormseed, Worm- 
 (joosefoot, Wormseed goosefoot, Jerusalem Oak of 
 America, Goosefoot, Stinkweed, (F.) Anserine an- 
 thelmintique, A. vermifuge. This plant grows 
 plentifully in the United States. The fruit — 
 Chenopodium, (Ph. U.S.) — is much used in eases 
 of worms. Dose of the powder, from a teaspoon- 
 ful to a tablespoonful or more. The oil, O'leum 
 Chenopo'dii, (Ph. U. S.), from 8 to 10 drops, is 
 more frequently exhibited. It is as much used 
 in America as the Semen Santon'ici is in England. 
 
 Chenopo'dium Bonus Hbnri'cus, Chrysolach'- 
 anum, Mereuria'lis, Bomis Henri' cus, Tota bona. 
 Lap' athum unetuo' sum, Chenopo'dium, Ch. sagit- 
 ia'tum, Pes anseri'nus, English Mercury, Allgood, 
 Angular-leaved goosefoot, ( F. ) Anserine Bon 
 Henri, Epinard sauvage. The leaves are emol- 
 lient, and have been applied to ulcers, &o. It 
 has also been considered refrigerant and ecco- 
 protic. 
 
 Chenopo'dium Bothys, Botrys, Botrys vulga'- 
 ris, Amhro'sia, Artemis'ia Chenopo'dium, At'ri- 
 plex odora'ta, At'riplex suav'eolens ; the Jerusa- 
 lem Oak, (Eng.) (F.) Anserine Botrys, possesses 
 anthelmintic properties, and was once given in 
 diseases of the chest, palsy, <fec. It is useless. 
 
 Chenopodium Fcetidum, Chenopodium vulva- 
 ria — c. Olidum, Ch. vulvaria. 
 
 Chenopodium Quinoa, Quinua. A nutritious, 
 ■wholesome, and agreeable article of food with the 
 Peruvians. The leaves, before the plant attains 
 maturity, are eaten as spinach : but the seeds are 
 most generally used as food, boiled in milk or 
 broth, and sometimes cooked with cheese and 
 ►Spanish pepper. 
 
 Chenopodium Sagittatum, Ch. Bonus Henri- 
 cas — c. Suffructicosum, Ch. ambrosioides. 
 
 Chenopodium Vulva'ria, At'riplex foe'tida, 
 At'riplex ol'ida, Vulva'ria, Garos'mmn, Baphex, 
 Chenopo'dium Foe'tidvm seu ol'idum, Stinking 
 '>rach or Goosefoot, (F.) Vxdvaire, Arroche pu- 
 ant, Anserine fetide. The fetid smell has occa- 
 sioned it to be used as an antispasmodic and 
 iiervine. 
 
 CHEOPINA, Cheopine. 
 
 CHEQUERBERRY, Gaultheria. 
 
 CHERAMIS, Cheme. 
 
 CHERBACHEM, Veratrum album. 
 
 THERBAS, Lettuce. 
 
 CHERMES, Kermes. 
 
 CHERNIBIUM, UrinaL 
 
 CHERRY, BIRD, Prunus padus — e. Tree, 
 red, Prunus cerasus — c. Tree, black, Prunua 
 avium — c. Tree, wild, Prunus Virginian a — c 
 Water, Kirschwasser — c. Wild cluster, Prunus 
 padus — c. Winter, Physalis. 
 
 CHERS^, F»ces. 
 
 CHERVIL, Scandix cerefolium— c. Wild, Chse- 
 rophyllum sylvestre. 
 
 CHESIS, from x^f'^"'? 'to go to stool.' A more 
 frequent desire to evacuate the bowels. 
 
 CHEST, Thorax. 
 
 CHEST-EXPLORATOR, see Explorator, 
 chest. 
 
 CHESTNUT TREE, Fagns castanea. 
 
 CHEVAUCHEMENT, (F.) Os'sium wperpo- 
 sit"io vel equita'tio, ParaUax'is, Parallag'mcu 
 The riding of one bone over another after frao- 
 ture, giving rise to shortening of the limb. See 
 Riding of Bones. 
 
 CHEVELURE, Scalp. 
 
 CHEVESTRE, Chevetre, Capis'trum, from 
 eajjut, ' the head.' A bandage, applied round 
 the head in cases of fracture or luxation of the 
 lower jaw. According to the mode in which it is 
 made, it is called simple, double, ohliqne, Ac. 
 
 CHEVEU, Capillus. 
 
 CHEVILLE DU PIED, Malleolus. 
 
 CHEVRE-FEVILLE, Lonicera pericly- 
 menum. 
 
 CHEYLETUS SCABIEI, see Psora. 
 
 CHEZANAN'CE, from xk'^) '^ go to stool,' 
 and avayKrj, 'necessity.' An ointment composed 
 of honey and alum, and rubbed on the anus to 
 occasion evacuation. — Paulus of .Slgina. 
 
 CHIA, Chia terra, iiova. Chios, an island where 
 it was found. A kind of white earth, formerly 
 used for burns. — Galen. 
 
 CHI'ACUM COLLYR'IUM. A eoUyrium con- 
 sisting of several drugs and Chian wine. — Paulus 
 of iEgina. 
 
 CHIADUS, Furunculus. 
 
 CHIAS'MUS, Ohias'ma, Chiasm, from x^'^i'^f 
 to form like the letter x- The crucial union of 
 parts, — as the optic commissure or chiasm of the 
 optic nerves, — Chiaa'mus seu Chias'ma nervo'rum 
 optico'ruTU. 
 
 CHIASTER, Kiaster. 
 
 CHIAS'TOS. Same etymon. A bandage so 
 called because it resembles the letter X' — ^ri- - 
 basins. 
 
 CHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera. 
 
 CHICHA. A drink made in Peru with Indian 
 meal dried in the sun, and fermented with water. 
 Its taste is that of bad cider. It is also made 
 from rice, peas, barley, Ac. 
 
 CHICKEN-BREASTED, see Lordosis. 
 
 CHICKEN -BROTH. When chicken-tea is 
 boiled down one-half, with the addition of a little 
 parsley or celery, and the yolk of an egg previ- 
 ously beaten up in two ounces of soft water, it 
 forms a soup much relished by the convalescent. 
 
 CHICKEN-PEPPER, Ranunculus abortivus. 
 
 CHICKENPOX, Varicella. 
 
 CHICKEN-TEA, Chicken-water. This maybe 
 prepared as follows : Take a small chicken, freed 
 from the skin and fat between the muscles ; and, 
 having divided it longitudinally, remove the 
 lungs, liver, and every thing adhering to the 
 back and side-bones : cut the whole — bones and 
 muscles — into very thin slices; put into a pan 
 with a suflBcient quantity of boiling water; cover 
 the pan; and simmer with a slow fire for two 
 hours. Put the pan upon the stove for half an 
 hour, and strain through a sieve. 
 
 Used where the lijrhtest animal diet is indicated. 
 
 CHICKEN-WATER, Chicken-tea. 
 
CHICKWEED 
 
 197 
 
 CHIRONIA 
 
 CHICKWEED, Alsine media. 
 
 OmOOREE BBS JARDINS, Cichorium en- 
 divia — c. Sauvage, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 GRIENDENT, Triticum repens. 
 
 CHIGGO, CMqiie. 
 
 CHIGGRE, Chique. 
 
 CHIGOE, Chique. 
 
 CHIL'BLAIN, Per'nlo, Bugan'tia, Erythe'ma 
 Per'nio, Erythe'ma & Fri'gore, Cheimet'lon, Chi- 
 met'lum, Cht'mon, ilalce, from chill, ' cold,' and 
 Main, 'a pustule.' (F.) Engelure. An erythe- 
 matous inflammation of the feet, — hands, &e., 
 occasioned by cold. It is very common in youth 
 — not so in the adult or in advanced age. It is 
 apt to degenerate into painful, indolent ulcera- 
 tions, called Kihes. Chilblains are prevented by 
 accustoming the parts to exposure ; and are 
 treated by stimulant, terebinthinate and balsamic 
 washes, ointments, and liniments. 
 
 CHILD-BEARING, Parturition. 
 
 CHILD-BED, Parturient. 
 
 CHILD-BED FEVER, Puerperal fever. 
 
 CHILD-BIRTH, Parturition. 
 
 CHILD-CROWING, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 CHILDHOOD, Infancy. 
 
 CHILD-MURDER, Infanticide, 
 
 CHILDREN'S BANE, Cicuta maculata. 
 
 CHILI, see Lima. 
 
 CHILI, MINERAL "WATERS OF. The most 
 celebrated mineral springs of Chili, in South Ame- 
 rica, are those of Peldehues and Cauquenes. The 
 former are not far from St. Jago. They consist 
 of two springs, one thermal, the other cold. The 
 hot spring is clear, inodorous, and contains soda 
 and carbonic acid. The cold spring contains iron 
 and sulphate of soda. Cauquenes is much re- 
 sorted to by invalids during the summer. Mine- 
 ral waters are very common in Chili. 
 
 CHILIOGRAMMA, Kilogramme. 
 
 CHILIOPHYLLON, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 CHILITES, Cheilitis. 
 
 CHILL, Rigor. 
 
 CHI'LON, Chei'lon, Cheili'tis, from ;^£iXoy, 'a 
 lip.' Inflammation of the lips. — Vogel. One 
 who has a thick lip ; Laheo, Labes. 
 
 CHILOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice. 
 
 CHIMAPHILA, Pyrola umbellata. 
 
 CHIMETLUM, Chilblain. 
 
 CHIMIA, Chymistry. 
 
 CHIMIATER, Chymiater. 
 
 CHIMIATRIA, Chymiatria. 
 
 CHIMIE, Chymistry. 
 
 CHIMISTE, Chymist. 
 
 CHIMON, Chilblain, Cold. 
 
 CHINA, Cinchona, Smilax china — c. Ameri- 
 can or West India, Smilax pseudo-china — c. Oc- 
 eidentalis, Smilax pseudo-china — c. Orientalis, 
 Smilax china — c. Ponderosa, Smilax china — c. 
 Root, Smilax china — c. Spuria nodosa, Smilax 
 pseudo-china — e. Vera, Smilax china. 
 
 CHINCAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila — c. 
 Water, Nelumbium luteum. 
 
 CHINCHE, Cimex. 
 
 CHINCHINA, Cinchona. 
 
 CHINCHUNCHULLI, lonidium marcucci. 
 
 CHINCOUGH, Pertussis. 
 
 CHINESE, MEDICINE OF THE, Jfedici'na 
 Sin'ica. Medicine has been long, but most im- 
 perfectly, practised by the Chinese. From their 
 therapeutics we have obtained the old operations 
 of acupuncture and moxibustion. 
 
 CHING'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm 
 Lozensjes, Ching's. 
 
 CHININUM, Quinine. See Chinium. 
 
 CHINIO'tDINE, Chino'Uine, Chinoidi'na, 
 Quindidine; from China, 'Cinchona.' A substance 
 presumed to be an alkaloid by Sertiirner, who 
 separated it from cinchona. It has been sup- 
 
 posed to be a mixture of quinia., cinchonia, and a 
 peculiar resinous matter, but according to Liebig 
 it is simply the alkaloid quinia in an amorphous 
 state. 
 
 CHINIUM ACETICUM, Quinise acetas — c. 
 Arsenicosum, Quiniae arsenias — c. Citricum, Qui- 
 niiB citras — c. Ferrocyanogenatum, Quiniae Fer- 
 rocyanas — c. Hydrochloricum, Quiniis, murias 
 
 — c. Hydroiodicum, Quiniae hydriodas — c. Lac- 
 ticum, Quiniae lactas — c. Muriaticum, Quiniae 
 murias — c. Nitricum, Quiniae nitras — c. Phos- 
 phoricum, Quiniae phosphas — c. Salitum, Qui- 
 nia murias — c. Sulphuricum, Quiniae sulphas 
 
 — c. Tannicum, Quinise et Cinch onias tannas — 
 c. Valerianicum, Quiniae valerianas. 
 
 CHINNEYWEED, Lichen roecella, 
 
 CHINOLEINUM, Leukoleinum. 
 
 CHINQUAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila. 
 
 CHINWHELK, Sycosis. 
 
 CHIOCOCCiE RADIX, Caincas radix. 
 
 CHIOLI, Furunculus. 
 
 CHION, Snow. 
 
 CHIQUE, (F.) Puce penitrante, Pulex Pen', 
 etrans. Tick, Chiggre, Chig'oe, Chiggo, Chegre, 
 Cheg'oe, Jigger. A small insect in America and 
 the Antilles, which gets under the epidermis, and 
 excites great irritation. 
 
 CHIR, Manus. 
 
 CHIRAETA, Gentiana chirayta. 
 
 CHI'RAGRA, from x^'-P' 'tand,' and aypa, 'a 
 seizure.' Gout in the hand. 
 
 CHIRAPOTHECA, Arsenal. 
 
 CHIRAPSIA, Friction. 
 
 CHIRAP.,THRI'TIS, from ^ap, 'hand,' agG^ov, 
 'joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the joints of the hand. 
 
 CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayta, 
 
 CHIRAYTA, Gentiana chirayta. 
 
 CHIRETTA, Gentiana chirayta. 
 
 CHIRHEUMA, Chirrheuma. 
 
 CHIRIATER, Surgeon. 
 
 CHIRIATRIA, Surgery. 
 
 CHIRIMOYA, Anona tripetala. 
 
 CHIBISIS, Surgery. 
 
 CHIRISMUS, Surgery. 
 
 CHIRIXIS, Surgery. 
 
 CHIROCYRTO'SIS, from x^^9> 't^e hand,' 
 and (cupruxTtj, ' crookedness.' Crookedness of the 
 hand. 
 
 CHI'ROMANCY, CMromanti'a, Vaticin'ium, 
 chiroman' ticum, Palm'istry, from ^tip, 'the hand,' 
 and fiavraa, ' divination.' (E.) Chiromancie. Art 
 of divining by inspection of the hand. 
 
 CHIRONAX, Surgeon. 
 
 CHIRO'NIA, (from Chiron, Xcigov, the Cen- 
 taur, who is said to have discovered its use.) A 
 genus of plants. Fam. Gentianeee. 
 
 Chiro'nia Angtila'ris, Amer'ican Cen'taury, 
 Rosepink, Wild Suc'cory, Bitterbloom, Centry, 
 Sahha'tia, S. Angula'ria. Every part of this 
 plant is a pure and strong bitter, which property 
 is communicated alike to alcohol and water. It 
 is used as a tonic and stomachic. 
 
 Chiro'nia Centau'rium, Centau'rium mimw 
 seu vulga're, Centau'rium parvum, Gentia'na cen- 
 tau'rium seu Gerar'di, Centnu' rium minus, Ery- 
 thrce'a Centau'rium, Hippocentaitrea ceiitau'rium, 
 Centau'reum, Centau'ris, Smaller Cent'aury, Les- 
 ser Centaury, (F.) Centauree petite. The tops of 
 the lesser Centaury, Centau'rii Cacu'mina, aro 
 aromatic and tonic, and are sometimes employed 
 as such. 
 
 Chiro'nia Chilen'sis, Gentia'na Cachen- 
 lahuen, Cachen-laguen, Chachinlagua, Chancela- 
 gua, Erythres'a Chilensis, Gentia'na Pemvia'na, 
 A very bitter plant, indigenous in ChMi. It pos- 
 sesses the virtues of the ChironecB. Given ini in- 
 fusion — (^j, to water Oj.) 
 
CHIRONItJM 
 
 1'98 
 
 CHLOROSIS 
 
 CHIRO?ri'UM, from ^eioov, 'bad, malignant.' 
 An ulcer difficult of cure : — of a swollen, hard, 
 and callous nature. — Galen. Some have sup- 
 posed the word to come from Chiron, the Cen- 
 taur, who was unable to cure such ulcers. 
 
 CHIRONOMIA, Cheironomia. 
 
 CHIROP'ODIST, (F.) Pedicure. One who 
 treats diseases of the hands and feet, or rather 
 •whose profession it is to remove corns and bun- 
 yons ; from X£ip, ' the hand,' and ttouj, 'the foot.' 
 
 CHIRORRHEUMA, Chirrheuma. 
 
 CIIIR03IS, Subactio. 
 
 CHIROSTROPHO'SIS, from ij^np, 'the hand,' 
 and o-rp£^£(v, ' to turn.' Distortion of the hand. 
 
 CHIROTHE'CA, from x^P^ '^^^ hand,' and 
 OvKn, ' a sheath.' A bandage for the hand. A kind 
 of bandage in which the fingers and hand are 
 enveloped in spiral turns. When the whole hand 
 and fingers are covered, it is called the double or 
 complete Chirofheca, Ch. cornple'ta, Vinctu'ra 
 omnibus dig"itia ; and when only a finger is 
 covered, the half or incomplete, Ch. incomjde'ta, 
 Vinctu'ra pro uno diy"ito. See Gantelet. 
 
 CHIROTRI'BIA, from ^np, 'the hand,' and 
 rptjSu), ' I rub.' Friction with the hand. Accord- 
 ing to others, dexterity in an art. — Hippocrates, 
 Galen. 
 
 CHIRRHEU'MA, Chirorrheu'ma, Rhetmatis'- 
 VIH8 manus, from %£ip, 'the hand,' and pevjia, 'flux.' 
 Rheumatism of the hand. 
 
 CHIRURGEON, Surgeon. 
 
 CHIRURGI PHYSICI, see Surgeon. 
 
 CHIRURGIA, Surgery — c. Anaplastica, Mo- 
 rioplastice — c. Curtorum, Morioplastice — c. Infu- 
 soria, Infusion of medicines — c. Transfusoria, 
 Transfusion. 
 
 CHIRURGICUS, Surgical. 
 
 GHFRURGIE, Surgery — c. 3Iilitaire, Surgery, 
 military. 
 
 CHIRURGIEN, Surgeon— c. Gonsultant, Con- 
 sulting Surgeon — c. Hernieux, see Hernial. 
 
 CHIRURGIQUE, Surgical. 
 
 CHIRURGUS, Surgeon. 
 
 CniST. An Arabic word which signifies the 
 sixth part. The sixth part of the Congiua or 
 gallon. 
 
 CHITON, Tunic. 
 
 CHITONISCUS, Indusium. 
 
 CHITTICK'S NOSTRUM, see Nostrum. 
 
 CHIUM VINUM. From Chios, the island 
 where it was produced; Chian wine ; used by the 
 physicians of antiquity in cases of defluxions and 
 ophthalmise. — Scribonius Largus. 
 
 CHLI'AROS, x^iapog, 'tepid.' A name given 
 to slight fevers, in which the heat is not great. — 
 Galen. 
 
 CHLIAS'MA, xKiaajia, same etymon. A tepid 
 and moist fomentation. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CHLOAS'MA, Pityri'aais versic'olor, Mac'- 
 ula hepat'ica, Pannus hepat'icus, Hepat'izon, 
 Phaze, Pha'cea, Phacus, (F.) Taches hepatirpies, 
 Ch^xleurs du foie, Ephelide scorbutique, Liver- 
 spot, from x^'"">' '^ greenish-yellow colour.' A 
 cutaneous affection, characterized by one or more 
 broad, irregular-shaped patches, of a yellow or 
 yellowish-brown colour, occurring most fre- 
 quently on the front of the neck, Isreast, abdo- 
 men, and groins. The patches do not generally 
 rise above the surface. There is usually some 
 degree of itching. 
 
 The causes are not very evident. Sulphur ex- 
 ternally — in any and every form — generally re- 
 TOoves it speedily. Should there be difficulty, 
 tne external use of the remedy in baths or fumi- 
 jCations may succeed. 
 
 CHLORA, Chlorine. 
 
 CHLORAS KALICUS DEPURATUS, Po- 
 «a>.«8S& murlas hyperoxygenatus. 
 
 CHLORASMA, Chlorosis. 
 
 CHLORE, Chlorine — c. Liqtiide, see Chlorine. 
 
 CHLORETUM CALC ARIiE, Calcis chloridum. 
 
 CHLORIASIS, Chlorosis. 
 
 CHLORIC ETHER, CONCENTRATED, see 
 Ether, chloric — c. Ether, Strong, see Ether, 
 chloric. 
 
 CHLORINE, from ;:^;X(dpoy, 'green.' Chlo'rimtm, 
 Chlorin'iuin, Chlorci, Ox-ymttriat'ic Acid Gas, 
 Oxyrjenated Muriatic Acid Gns, Dephlogisticated 
 Marine Acid, Hal' ogene, Mu'rigene, Ghlorum, (F.) 
 Chlore. So far as we know, this is an element- 
 ary substance. It is a greenish, yellow gas, of 
 a strong suffocating smell, and disagreeable taste; 
 incapable of maintaining combustion and respira- 
 tion, and very soluble in water. One of its cha- 
 racteristics is, that of destroying, almost imme- 
 diately, all vegetable and animal colours. It is 
 employed in fumigations as a powerful disinfect- 
 ing agent. A yqtj dilute solution, Aqua sen Li- 
 quor Chlo'rini, (F.) Chlore liqiiide, has been ad- 
 ministered internally, in certain cases of diarrhoea 
 and chronic dysentery. Immersion of the hands 
 and arms in it has often removed itch and other 
 cutaneous affections. It has also been inhaled in 
 a dilute state in the early stage of phthisis, but it 
 is of doubtful efiBcacy, and is better adapted for 
 chronic bronchitis. 
 
 Chlorine, Bistjlphtiret of. Sulphur, chlo- 
 ride of. 
 
 CHLO'ROFORM, Chloroform' um, Carbo'tieum 
 chlora'tnm, Superchlo'ridnm formyl'icnm, Per- 
 chloride and Terchloride of Forniyl, called also, 
 but not correctly, Terchloride of Carbon, and 
 Chloric ether, JEther chlo'ricus, (F.) Ohloroformc, 
 so called on account of the connexion of chlorine 
 with formic acid, is a colourless, oleaginous 
 liquid, of a sweetish ethereal odour, hot, aroma- 
 tic, and peculiar taste. The specifie gravitj' of 
 that of the Ph. U. S. is 1.49. It may be ob- 
 tained by distilling from a mixture of chlorinated 
 lime and alcohol, — rectifying the product by re- 
 distillation, first from a great excess of chlori- 
 nated lime, and afterwards from strong sulphuric 
 acid. It has been used with advantage in asthma, 
 and in diseases in which a grateful soothing agent 
 is required. Dose, f^ss to fgj. diluted with water. 
 It has likewise been prescribed with great success 
 as an anaesthetic agent in spasmodic diseases : 
 and to obtund sensibility in surgical operations 
 and in parturition, — especially in the way of in- 
 halation ; but its use requires caution. See 
 Anaesthetic. 
 
 Chloroform, Tincture op, Ether, chloric. 
 
 CHLOROFORMIZA'TION, CA/o?-o/orw)-«a'!!/o. 
 The aggregate of anesthetic phenomena occa- 
 sioned by the inhalation if chloroforin. 
 
 CHLOROPHYLLE, Fecula, green. 
 
 CHLORO'SIS, from x\moq, 'green,' Pal'lidus 
 Morbus, Fadus Vir'ginum color, Pal'lidus color 
 virrjin'eus, Pallidus morbus, Pallor vir'ginum, 
 Icterit"ia alba, Ic' terns albus, Lencopathi'a, Mor- 
 bus virgin'evs, 3Iorbua Parthen'ius, Fcedi col'o'rea, 
 Dyspep'sia chloro'sis, Fehria amato'ria, Cachexia 
 vir'ginum, Febris vir'ginum, Febris alba, Anepi- 
 thym'ia chloro'sis, Chloras'ma, Chloros'ma, Chlo- 
 ri'asis, Citto'ais, Green-sickness, (F.) Chlorose, 
 Pdles-couleurs. A disease which affects young 
 females, more particularly those who have not 
 menstruated. It is characterized by a pale, lurid 
 complexion, languor, listlessness, depraved ap- 
 petite and digestion, palpitation, Ac. Tlie dis- 
 ease generally goes off on the occurrence of the 
 menstrual flux ; but sometimes it is long before 
 this is established, and, at times, the catamenia 
 are in much larger quantity than usual. To this 
 last form M. Trousseau has given the name chlo- 
 rose hemorrhagiqite. 
 
CIILOROSMA 
 
 199 
 
 CHOLERA 
 
 The Wood of chlorosis is generally thin, light- 
 coloured, and deficient in red corpuscles ; and the 
 clot is in less proportion to the serum than in 
 health. On auscultation, a bellows' sound has 
 been almost invariably detected over the heart, 
 and a continuous blowing sound in the larger 
 arteries, (especially the carotids and subclavians,) 
 re-enforced by each systole of the ventricle, and 
 resembling the buzzing of a humming-top, the 
 cooing of doves, the whistling of air through a 
 key-hole, &c., (see Bruit.) Very similar sounds 
 are heard in the arteries after copious hemor- 
 rhage : they seem, therefore, to coincide with en- 
 feebled circulation. 
 
 Tonics — as iron — are usually required in the 
 treatment, — the disease most commonly occur- 
 ring in those in whom there is considerable torpor 
 of the system. 
 
 Chlorosis ^thiopum, Chthonophagia — c. 
 Amatoria, Hectic fever — c. Gigantea, see Poly- 
 sarcia. 
 
 CHliOROSMA, Chlorosis. 
 
 CHLOROT'IC, CUorot'icus, (F.) Chlorotiqwe. 
 Ati'ected with chlorosis, or pertaining to chlorosis; 
 — as Morotie female, chlorotic si/mptotiis, &c. 
 
 CHLORUM, Chlorine. 
 
 VHLORURE BE CARBON, Chloroform — 
 c. d'Or, Gold, Muriate of. 
 
 CHLORURETUM OXIDI CALCII, Calcis 
 chloridum. 
 
 CHOA, Chu. 
 
 CHOA'CUM EMPLAS'TRUM NIGRUM. A 
 black plaster, mentioned by Celsus, and composed 
 of equal parts of litharge and resin. The litharge 
 was first boiled in oil. 
 
 CHOAK, Cynanche trachealis — c. Wolf, Ly- 
 oanehe. 
 
 CHOANA, Pelvis — c. Cerebri, Infundibulum 
 of the brain. 
 
 CHOANE, Infundibulum. 
 
 CHOANORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. 
 
 CHOAVA, Coffea Arabica. 
 
 CHOCOLATA, Chocolate — c. cum Osmazoma, 
 see Osmazome. 
 
 CHOCOLATE, Chocola'tum, Chocola'ta, Suc- 
 cola'ta, SuccocoUa'ta. Dr. Alston says, that this 
 word is compounded from two East Indian 
 words : — choco, ' sound,' and atte, ' water,' be- 
 cause of the noise made in its preparation. An 
 alimentary paste prepared from the kernels of 
 Theobro'ma cacao or Cacao, with sugar, and 
 often aromatics. (See Cacao.) The chocolate 
 thus simply prepared — as it is met with, indeed, 
 in commerce — is called in France Chocolat de 
 eante. It is not very easy of digestion. 
 
 The chocolat d la vanille contains three ounces 
 of vanilla and two o{ cinnamon to twenty pounds 
 of common chocolate. The addition of the aro- 
 matic renders it somewhat more digestible. Cho- 
 colates may likewise be medicated. 
 
 CHOCOLATE, OSMAZOME, see Osmazome. 
 
 CHOCOLATE ROOT, Geum Virginianum. 
 
 CHOCUS, Chu. 
 
 CHCBNICIS, Trepan. 
 
 CHCENION, Cord. 
 
 CHCENOS, Cord. 
 
 CHCERAS, Scrofula. 
 
 CHOIROS, Vulva. 
 
 CHOKE DAMP, Carbonic acid. 
 
 CHOLA, Chole. 
 
 CHOL^'MIA; from ;^oX»?, 'bile,' and 'aifia, 
 ' blood.' A morbid state, in which bile exists in 
 the blood. Jaundice. 
 
 CHOLAGO, Cholas. 
 
 CHOL'AGOGUE, Gholacio'cjus, Chole'gos, Fel- 
 lid'ucu8', Bilit'icus, from ;\;oX;?, ' bile,' and ayw, ' I 
 expel.' The ancients gave this name to cathar- 
 (ieS| which were reputed to cause the flow of bile. 
 
 CHOLANSIS, Cholosis. 
 
 CHOLAS, X"^'^^' pl«r. ;^oXa5£y. The tpigastrifl 
 region. Chola'go. The intestines. — Homer. 
 
 GHOLASMA, Cholosis. 
 
 CHOLE, Cholus, Chola, 'bile,' in composition. 
 Hence : 
 
 CHOLEC'CHYSIS, Oholen'chysis ; horn xo\^, 
 'bile,' and cy;n;u(rts, 'effusion.' Effusion of bile. 
 
 CHOLECYST, Gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOLECYSTEURYS'MA, from ^oXv, 'bile,' 
 Kvarts, ' bladder,' and £t)puo-/ja, ' dilatation.' Dila- 
 tation of the gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOLECYSTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Vesi'cwffll'^ 
 ecB, I. cyst'idis fell'ecB, Cysti'tie fel'lea, Hejyati'tin 
 cyst'ica, from x^^i' 'bile,' and Kto-nj, 'bladder.' 
 (F.) Injlamniatiun de la Vesicide du Fid, ChoU- 
 cystite. Inflammation of the gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOL'EDOCH, Choled'ochus ; from Xfi^^V, 
 ' bile,' and 6oxoi, ' containing or receiving.' 
 The Ductus choledochus sen hep'ato-cys'ticun, 
 Ductus conimunia choledochus, (P.) Conduit ou 
 Canal Choledoque, is the duct formed by the 
 union of the hepatic and cystic ducts, which pours 
 the hepatic and cystic bile into the duodenum. 
 
 CHOLEDOCI'TIS, from choledochus, and itia; 
 a suflix denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the choledoch duct. 
 
 CHOLEDOG'RAPHY, choledogra'phia, Cho- 
 legruph'ia, Cholor/raph'ia, from X°^^' ' bile,' and 
 Ypafeiv, 'to describe.' A descrii^tion of what re- 
 lates to the bile and biliary organs. 
 
 CHOLEDOL'OGY, Choledolog"ia, Chole- 
 log"ia, Chololog"ia, from x°^'>^ ' bile,' and Aoyos, 
 ' a discourse.' A treatise on the bile and biliary 
 organs. 
 
 CHOLEGOS, Cholagogue. 
 
 CHOLEGRAPHIA, Choledography. 
 
 CHOLEH^MIA, Icterus. 
 
 CHOLEIA, Claudication. 
 
 CHOLELITHIA, Cysthepatolithiasis— c. Icte- 
 rus, Icterus. 
 
 CHOLELITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithiasis. 
 
 CHOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary. 
 
 CHOLELOGIA, Choledology. 
 
 CHOLEMES'IA, Cholem'esis, from X''^1> 
 ' bile,' and ^ncctig, ' vomiting.' Vomiting of bile. 
 
 CHOLENCHYSIS, Cholecchysis. 
 
 CHOLEPYRA, Fever, bilious. 
 
 CHOLEPYRETUS, Fever, bilious. 
 
 CHOLEPYRRHIN, see Bile. 
 
 CHOLER, Bile. Anger was supposed to he 
 produced by a superabundance of bile; hence 
 the term Choler for anger. 
 
 CHOL'ERA, Chol'era-morhus, Cholera nostras^ 
 Cholera vulga'ris, Spjorad'ic Chol'era, Choler- 
 rha'gia, Pas'sio choler'ica, Fellif'lua pasbio, Mor- 
 bus fellif'luus, Hol'era, Bilis flux'io, (F.) Cholu- 
 dree lymphatique, Hydrocholadree, Choler a-mor- 
 hus sporadique, Ch. Europe' en, Trovsse-galant, 
 from ;\;oAi7, 'bile,' and peu, 'I flow.' According 
 to others, from ;:^;oXa5£f, ' intestines,' or from yo- 
 \tpa, ' the gutter of a house to carry off the rain.' 
 The higher degrees have been called Ccntrogan- 
 gli'i'tis, and ITyeli-^anglii'tis. A disease charac- 
 terized by anxiety, gripings, spasms in the legs 
 and arms, and by vomiting and purgir.g (gene- 
 rally bilious :) vomiting and purging ars, indeed, 
 the essential symptoms. The disease is most 
 common in hot climates, — and in temperate cli-. 
 mates, during summer. In India, Spasmod^iu 
 chol'era, Asiat'ic cholera, 3lalig'nant ch., In'diiin 
 ch., Epidem'ic ch., Pestilen'tial ch., Asphyjc'ia 
 pestilen'ta, Pestilen'tial asphyx'ia, Choi' eric Pest'- 
 Hence, Eastern ch., Orien'tal ch.. Cholera orient 
 tu'lis, Ch. In'dica, Ch. Epidem'ica, Typhus Ben-- 
 galen'sis, Choi' ero-typhus, Ganglioni'tis jierxpher' - 
 tea et medulla' ri 8, Hymenoganglii'tis, Pantof/tm- 
 ylii'tis, Cholerrhm'a lymphat'ica, Psorenttr't\* / 
 
CHOLERAIC 
 
 200 
 
 CHOSTDROID 
 
 Typhoid Fever of India, Cholera asphyxia, Hy- 
 peranthrax'ia, Enterop'yra Asiat'ica, Trisplanch' - 
 Ilia, Trisplanchni'tis, Hmmataporrho' sis, Hama- 
 torrho'sis, llorbus oryzeus, Malignant Cholera, 
 Convulsive nervous Cholera, Rice disease, (because 
 supposed, by Tytler to be caused by damaged 
 rice,) (F.) Mort de Chien, is frightful in the ra- 
 pidity of its progress, the patient sometimes dying 
 in a few hours from the first outset. In temperate 
 climates, common cholera is not usually a disease 
 of much consequence. It requires that the sto- 
 mach and bowels should be cleared, and after- 
 wards the irritation be allayed by full doses of 
 opium. In the malignant cholera of India, bleed- 
 ing at the outset, without regard to the signs of 
 apparent depression, and large doses of calomel, 
 With opiates, form the great reliance of the prac- 
 titioner. ^ , 
 
 GHOLERA-EUROPEEN, see Cholera— c. 
 Indian, see Cholera — c. Indica, see Cholera. 
 
 Cholera Infan'tum, Chol'eric Fever of In- 
 fants ; Cholera of Infants. A disease so termed 
 by American physicians. It occurs, generally, 
 in the middle states of the Union, in June or 
 July, and continues during the hot weather, 
 hence called the 'summer complaint.' The chief 
 symptoms are vomiting, purging of green or 
 yellow matter, slime or blood, attended with pain 
 or uneasiness; and swelling of the abdomen, with 
 some pyrexia, generally. The heat of the wea- 
 ther seems to be the predisposing, if not the ex- 
 citing, cause. It is a fatal disease in towns ; dif- 
 fering little, if at all, from what is vulgarly called 
 the Watery Gripes in England. Clearing, gently, 
 the alimentary canal, so as to remove the offend- 
 ing matter, and then exhibiting chalk mixture 
 and laudanum, with counter-irritants, as sina- 
 pisms to the abdomen, is the most satisfactory 
 plan of treatment. 
 
 Choleba, Malignant, see Cholera — c. Morbus, 
 Cholera — c. llorhus Sporadique,, see Cholera — 
 c. Nostras, Cholera morbus — e. Oriental, see Cho- 
 lera — c. Pestilential, see Cholera — c. Poison, see 
 Poison — c. Spasmodic, see Cholera — c. Sporadic, 
 see Cholera — c. Sec, Cholera sicca — c. Vulgaris, 
 Cholera morbus. 
 
 Chol'eka Sicca, (F.) Cholera sec. Pneuma- 
 tosis of the digestive passages in which there is a 
 copious discharge of gas upwards and downwards. 
 
 CHOLERAIC, Choleric. 
 
 CHOLERAPHOBIA, Choleromania. 
 
 CHOL'ERIC, Gholer'iciis. Belonging to bile ; 
 also to cholera; Cholera' ic, — as the ^choleric or 
 choleraic virus.' The French use the term Fievre 
 choleriqne for the fever accompanying cholera. 
 
 Choleric Fever of Infants, Cholera infan- 
 tum. 
 
 Choleric Temperament. The bilious tem- 
 perament. 
 
 CHOL'ERINE. A diminutive of cholera. 
 The first stage of epidemic cholera; also, the 
 precursory symptoms of cholera. 
 
 CHOL'EROID, Cholero'i'des, from cholera, and 
 tiSos, 'resemblance.' Resembling cholera; as a 
 ' choleroid affection.' 
 
 CHOLEROMA'NTA, Cholerapho'hia, Cholero- 
 pho'bia, from eh'ilcra and mania. A dread of 
 cholera to such an extent that the individual 
 fancies himself affected or threatened by it. 
 
 CHOLEROPHOBIA, Choleromania. 
 
 CHOLEROPHO'NE, from cholera, and (piavrj, 
 'voice.' The peculiar voice of one in cholera. 
 
 CHOLEROPROSO'PON, Cholerop'sis, from 
 cholera, and Tzpoam-Kov, 'countenance.' The facial 
 nxpression of cholera. 
 
 CHOLEROPSIS, Choleroprosopon. 
 
 CIIOLEUO-TYPIIUS, Cholera, (spasmodic.) 
 
 CHOLERRHAGIA, Cholera. 
 
 CHOLERRH(EA LTMPHATICA, Cholera. 
 
 CHOLESTEARINOMA, Cholesteatoma. 
 
 CHOLESTEATINE, Cholesterin. 
 
 CHOLESTEATO'MA, from x'>>'V, 'bile,' and 
 steatoma. An encysted tumour, which presents 
 upon the interior of the cyst several superim- 
 posed layers of cholesterin, which glisten like 
 pearl. Hence it was named by Cruveilheir the 
 laminated nacreous fatty tumour. 
 
 CHOL'ESTERIN, Choi' ester ine, Cholesteri'na, 
 Cholosteri'na, Cholesteari'ne, Cholesteati'ne, from 
 XoXf?, 'bile,' and crcpcoc, 'solid,' or areap, 'suet' 
 An inodorous, insipid substance, in white, shining 
 scales; fusible and crystallizing, on cooling, in 
 radiated fibres. Soluble in alcohol. It forms 
 the crystalline part of certain biliary calculi. 
 See Adipocire. 
 
 CHOLEUMA, Cholosis, 
 
 CHOLIA, Cholosis. 
 
 CHOLICE'LE, from xo^i, 'Me,' and Knly,, 
 'tumour.' A swelling, formed by the bile mor- 
 bidly accumulated in the gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOLICUS, Bilious. 
 
 CHOLIUS, Bilious. 
 
 CHOLICYSTIECTASIE, Tnrgescentia vesi- 
 
 CHOLICYSTITE, Cholecystitis. 
 
 CHOLOCATAR'RHOPHE, Cholocatar- 
 rhophe'sis, Cholocatarrhoph'ia, from X''^''^' 'bile,' 
 and KaTappo<l)uv, 'to sup up.' The absorption of 
 bile. 
 
 CHOLOGRAPHIA, Choledography. 
 
 CHOLOLITHUS, see Calculi, biliary. 
 
 CHOLO'MA, from ;^a)Aos', 'lame, maimed.' 
 Distortion of a limb : incapacity of moving it 
 Also, the act of limping, claudication. 
 
 CHOLOPLANIA, Icterus. 
 
 CHOLORRIICE'A, from x^M, ' bile,' and ptio 
 'I flow.' An abnormous discharge of bile. 
 
 CHOLOS, Bile, Chole. 
 
 CHOLO'SES, from xo^v, 'bile.' Alibert in- 
 cludes, under this head, every morbid affection 
 of the liver and spleen. 
 
 CHOLO'SIS, from X'^>'oi> 'lame.' Cho'lotes, 
 Cholas'ma, Cholan'sis, Choleu'ma, Chol'ia, Clau- 
 dica'tion. Hippocrates employs this word par- 
 ticularly for a lameness of the hand, which ren- 
 ders a person one-handed, (F.) matichot. Also, 
 icterus ; bilious dyscrasy. 
 
 Cholosis Americana, Fever, yellow. 
 
 CHOLOSTERINE, Cholesterin. 
 
 CHOLOTES, Cholosis. 
 
 CHOLOZEMIA FEBRILIS, Fever, bilious. 
 
 CHONDRIN, from xofipos, 'cartilage.' A va- 
 riety of gelatin, obtained by boiling the cornea, 
 the permanent cartilages, and the bones beforf 
 they are ossified. 
 
 CHONDRI'TIS, Infamma'tio Cartilag"inia, 
 from X"^^?"^' ' cartilage,' and itis, a terminatioD 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of carti- 
 lage. 
 
 CHONDROCLA'SIS, from xo^-^poj, 'cartilage/ 
 and /cXao-cf, 'fracture.' Fracture of a cartilage. 
 
 CHONDRODES, Cartilaginous, Chondroid. 
 
 CIIONDROGENES'IA, Chondrogen'esis, from 
 XovFipog, 'a cartilage,' and yzvzan, 'formation. 
 Formation of cartilage. A morbid conversion 0/ 
 parts into cartilage. 
 
 CHONDROGLOS'SUS, from x^^^po^i 'a c-irti 
 lage,' and yXuxrcra, 'the tongue,' A fasciculus ot 
 fleshy fibres, passing from the lesser cornu ol 
 the OS hyoides to the tongue. It forms part of 
 the hyoglopsus. 
 
 CTIONDROG'RAPHY, Chondrogra'phin, from 
 Xovipos, 'cartilage,' and ypa'l'rj, 'a description.' 
 A description of cartilages. 
 
 CHONDROID, ChondroVdes, Chondro'def, 
 
CHONDROLOGT 
 
 201 
 
 CHORION 
 
 from X'»'^P<'s> 'cartilage,' and eiSog, 'resemblance.' 
 Cartilaginiform. Resembling cartilage. 
 
 CnONDROL'OGY, Chondrolog" ia, from x^^- 
 Sfiog, 'a cartilage,' and \oyos, *a discourse.' A 
 treatise on cartilages. 
 
 CHONDRO'MA, EncTiondro'ma, from ;^;ov^pof, 
 'cartilage.' A cartilaginous growth proceeding 
 from bones, including spina ventosa, osteo-sar- 
 coma, ifcc, of many. 
 
 CHONDRO-PnARYNGE'US, from ;^ov5po5, 'a 
 
 cartilage,' and 0apuy|, 'the pharynx.' Fibres of 
 the muscular coat of the pharynx, which arise 
 from the lesser cornua of the os hyoides, and 
 form part of the Constrictor medius. See Con- 
 strictor pharyngis. 
 
 CHONDRO'SES, from xp^^9°^> 'cartilage.' A 
 morbid formation or condition of a cartilage. 
 
 CHONDROSTERNAL,CAoHrfros?e™a7!s,from 
 Yov5pof, 'a cartilage,' and arepvov, 'the breast- 
 bone.' Having relation to the cartilages of the 
 ribs and breast-bone, — as the chondrosiernal liga- 
 ments, articulations, &c. 
 
 CHONDROSYNDES'MUS, from xofpo;, 'a. 
 cartilage,' and awhujio';, 'a ligament.' Union 
 of bones, by means of fibro-cartilage. Synchon- 
 drosis. 
 
 CHONDROT'OMY, Chondrotom'ia, fron x""- 
 Spo;, ' a cartilage,' and TcpLvttv, ' to cut.' Dissec- 
 tion of cartilages. 
 
 C H N D R O-XIPHOID, Chondro-xiploVdes, 
 from xo'^^po'St ' ^ cartilage,' and xiphoid, the car- 
 tilage so called. Having relation to the xiphoid 
 cartilage, as ' Chondro-xiphoid ligament.' 
 
 CHONDRUS, Cartilage. The Xiphoid carti- 
 lage, in particular. 
 
 Chondeus, Alica, Fucus crispus — c. Crispus, 
 Fucus crispus — c. Polj^morphus, Fucus crispus. 
 CHONOS, Infundibulum. 
 
 CHOPINE, Chopi'no, Cheopi'na. A measure, 
 which contains 16 ounces. A pint measure. 
 
 CHORA, X'^pa, 'region.' Any void space. 
 Also, the orbit of the eve. 
 
 CHORD, TESTICULAR, Spermatic chord. 
 CHORDA, Corda. A string of an instrument. 
 It has several meanings: — as a tendon, — the 
 mtestinea (GhordtB.) Paracelsus calls the genital 
 organs chorda. Chorda seu Funic' ulus Tym'pa- 
 ni, a branch of the 7th pair of nerves, according 
 to some, of the 5th pair, according to others, 
 which passes through the tympanum, (F.) A^er/ 
 Tympanique — (Ch.) Oorde du Tambour ou du 
 Tympan. Chorda Willie' ii, Trahec' idcB WiUis'ii, 
 the small fibres which cross the sinuses of the 
 dura mater : so called from their first describer, 
 Willis. Chordae Tendin'ea; the tendinous and 
 cord-like substances which connect the columns 
 oarnea of the ventricles of the heart to the 
 valves, &c. 
 
 Chorda, Intestine. 
 
 Chorda Dorsa'lis, Dorsal cord. The axis, 
 around which, according to Von Baer, the first 
 parts of the foetus are formed, — the rudiment of 
 the future vertebral column. 
 
 Chorda Hippocratis, Achillis Tendo — c. Lon- 
 gitudinalis Corporis Callosi, see Raphe. 
 
 CHORDiE, Chordee-c. Ferrenii, Chords, vocal. 
 Chord-« Longitudina'les Lancis'ii. Two or 
 three longitudinal elevations and lines on the 
 upper surface of the corpus callosum. 
 
 Chord-b Penis, Chordee — c. Teudinese, see 
 Chorda — c. Veneris, Chordee — c. Vocales, Cords, 
 vocal — c. Willisii, see Chorda. 
 
 CHORDAP'SUS, from x'op(5'?, 'intestine,' and 
 a^Tuv, ' to tie,' Litussuscep'tio. Constriction or 
 twisting of the intestines. — Celsus. The Coliea 
 Ileus. See Enteritis and Ileus. 
 
 CHORDEE', Cordee', Chorda Ven'eris seu 
 Penis, Phallancylo'eiSj Phallocamp'sis, Chorda, 
 
 Chorda'ta Gonorrhoe'a. A painful affection of 
 the penis, attending gonorrhoea, and happening 
 chiefly at night. It occurs when the violence of 
 the inflammation is such, that the urethra cannot 
 expand as much as the corpora cavernosa during 
 erection, and consequently the glans seems pain- ' 
 fully drawn downwards. The application of cold 
 water topically and the administration of opium 
 internally, palliate it. 
 
 CHORE'A, Chorea Sancti Viti, Ch. Soncti 
 3fodes'ti, Ch. gesticulnto'ria, Choroma'nia, Syn'- 
 clonus saltans, Tripudia'tio spas' tica,{Tomxop!:'a,^ 
 'a dance;' sometimes called Scelotyr'he, Viti 
 SaJtus, Salta'tio Sancti Viti, Ballis'mus, Con- 
 vul'sio habitua'lis, Sijih'ita prava, Syn'clonus 
 Chorea, Myotyr'be, Choreoma'nia, Orchestroma' - 
 nia, Epileps'ia Saltato'ria, Ilorbiis Saltato'rius, 
 Hicran'osus, ILgesticulato'rius, Scelotyr'be taran- 
 tism'us, St. Vitiis's Dance, because the movements 
 resemble dancing; (F.) Choree, Danse de Saint- 
 Witt, Danse de St. Gut. The characteristiea 
 are : — irregular and involuntary motions of one 
 or more limbs, and of the face and trunk. It is 
 a disease which usually occurs before puberty ; 
 and is generally connected with torpor of the 
 system, and of the digestive organs in particular. 
 Its duration is long, but it is usually devoid of 
 danger ; although frequently but little under the 
 control of medicine. The^spasms do not continue 
 during sleep. The indications of treatment are • 
 to strengthen the general system, and stimulate 
 the intestinal canal. Purgatives, once or twice 
 a week, and chalybeates, with appropriate regi- 
 men, will fulfil these. 
 
 Chorea, Chronic, see Tic—c. Faciei, Tic— a. 
 Gesticulatoria, Chorea — c. Partial, see Tic — e. 
 Sancti Modesti, Chorea — c. Sancti Valentini, Ta- 
 rantismus — c. Sancti Viti, Chorea. 
 CHOREE, Chorea. 
 
 CHORE'GIA, from %o()os, 'a troop of dancers 
 and singers,' and ayw, 'I lead.' Hippocrates 
 uses this term for the whole of the apparatus ne- 
 cessary for a physician or surgeon. 
 CHOREOMAlSriA, Chorea. 
 CHORIODEI'TIS, Ohorioidei'tis, Ghorioidi'- 
 tis, Choro'idi'tis, from ;^opoa5i7S, 'the choroid,' 
 and itis. Inflammation of the choroid coat of 
 the eye. 
 
 CHORIODES, Choroid. 
 CHORIOIDEA, Choroid. 
 CHORIOIDES, Choroid. 
 
 CHO'RION, xopiov, 'skin,' from xuptiv, 'to 
 contain, include;' Camis'ia Foetus: the chemise 
 or shirt of the foetus in utero. A thin, transpa- 
 rent membrane, formerly confounded with the 
 decidua, which surrounds the foetus in utero on 
 every side, and appears to be developed from nu- 
 cleated cells formed in the Fallopian tube. Some 
 histologists, however, consider, that it exists in 
 the ovary. The general opinion is, that it is 
 formed as above described; and perhaps, also, 
 from the zona pellucida, which disappears in the 
 tube. In the uterus, villous prolongations are 
 formed on its surface, which have given it, with 
 more recent writers, the name 'shaggy chorion.' 
 These villi are probably the agents of the absorp- 
 tion of nutritive matter furnished from the lining 
 membrane of the uterus. 
 
 By many anatomists, the chorion is considered 
 to be formed of two layers; the outer, called by 
 Burdach Exoch'orion : the inner, Endocho'rion, 
 By others, the distinction of laminae is denied. 
 It is exterior to the amnion. 
 
 Chorion also means the true skin. See Cutis. 
 
 Chorion Fungosum, Decidua — e. Reticulatum, 
 
 Decidua — c. Shaggy, see Chorion and Decidua — 
 
 c. Spongiosum, see Decidua — c. Spongy, see D» 
 
 cidua — c, Tomentosum, see Decidua. 
 
CHORIONITIS 
 
 202 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM 
 
 CHOllIONITIS. Induration of the Cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 CHOROID, Ohoro'i'deus, ChoroVdes, ChorioV- 
 dr.s, Chorio'des, from ;:^op(oi', 'the chorion,' and 
 iiSog, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Several parts are so 
 called, which resemble the chorion, in the multi- 
 tude of their vessels. 
 
 Choroid Muscle, Ciliary muscle. 
 
 Choroi'de A sen Chorioi'de a Tu'nica, Ch. 3fem- 
 Ira'na, or simply the Choroid, Tu'nica rascido'sa 
 Oc'uli, T. aciniform'is seu rJiar/oi'des, (F.) 3Iem- 
 hrane choro'ide, Choro'ide. A thin membrane, of 
 a very dark colour, which lines the sclerotica, 
 internally. The part behind the iris is called 
 Uvea. It is situate between the sclerotica and 
 retina, has an opening, posteriorly, for the pas- 
 sage of the optic nerve ; and terminates, ante- 
 riorly, at the great circumference of the iris, 
 ViThere it is continuous with the ciliary processes. 
 According to Ruysch, the choroid consists of two 
 layers, to the innermost of which his son gave the 
 name Tu'nica Ruyschia'na, Ilembra'na Ituyseh- 
 i'l'na, (F.) llemlrane Riiyschienne. The in- 
 ternal surface of the membrane is covered with a 
 dark pigment, consisting of several layers of pig- 
 ment cells, called Pigmen'ttnn nigrum, Stratum 
 pigmen'ti, Ophthalmochro'i'tes, jEthioi^s animal, 
 (F.) Endiiit choroidien. Its use seems to be, to 
 absorb the rays of light after they have traversed 
 the retina. 
 
 Choroi'des Plexus, Plexus choroVdeus seure^r- 
 cula'ris, Vermes cer'ehri, Choroid Plexus. Two 
 membranous and vascular duplieatures of the pia 
 mater, situate in the lateral ventricles. They are 
 .fixed to the Tela choroidea by one edge, and are 
 loose and floating at the other. 
 
 Choroidea Tela, (F.) Toile choro'idienne. A 
 kind of vasculo-membranous prolongation of the 
 pia mater, which lines the lower surface of the fornix 
 united with the corpus callosum. It is stretched 
 above the third ventricle, and covers the poste- 
 rior commissure and corpora quadrigemina. An- 
 teriorly, the tela choroidea is continuous with the 
 plexus choroides. 
 
 Choroidea Ven^, Venm Gale'ni, (F.) Veines 
 choroid iennes. Two veins, that creep along the 
 tela choroidea; into which almost all those of 
 the lateral ventricles, of the upper part of the 
 cerebellum, of the pineal gland, and the corpora 
 quadrigemina open. The Venae Galeni open into 
 the sinus quartus or fourth siiuts. 
 
 CHOROtDE, CEINTURE BLANCHE BE 
 LA, Ciliary ligament — c. Commissure de la, Cili- 
 ary ligament. 
 
 CHOROIDITIS, Choriodeitis. 
 
 CHOROI'DO-RETINI'TIS. Inflammation of 
 the choroid and retina. 
 
 CHOROMANIA, Chorea. 
 
 CHOSES CONTRE NATURE, Res contra 
 naturam — c. Naturelles, Res naturales — c. non 
 Naturelles, Res non naturales. 
 
 CHOSIS, Arenatio. 
 
 OHOU CABUS, Brassica eapitata— e. Croiite, 
 Sauer Kraut — c. Fleur, Brassica Florida, Cauli- 
 flower excrescence — c. Marin, Convolvulus sol- 
 danella — c. Navet, Brassica rapa — c. Pomme, 
 Brassica eapitata — c. Potager, Brassica — c. Ro- 
 quette. Brassica eruca. 
 
 CHREMMA, Sputum. 
 
 CHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
 
 CHRISIS, from ;)^p(u, 'I anoint.' The action 
 of anointing. Inunction. 
 
 CHRISMA, same etymon. The act of anoint- 
 Lig. The salve or liniment used. Prurigo. 
 
 CHRISTI MANUS. Troches prepared from 
 refined sugar boQed in rose-water with or without 
 prepared pearls. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER HERE, Aetcea spicata. 
 
 CHRISTOPHORIANA SPICATA, Aetsea spi, 
 cata. 
 
 CHRISTOS, -x^piaTn^, from xP'^'^i '^ anoint.' 
 Any medicine applied under the form of liniment 
 or ointment. 
 
 CHROA, Chrcea, Chroma. Colour in generaL 
 The surface of the body. The skin. 
 
 CHROGAS, Scrofula." 
 
 CHROMA, Chroa. 
 
 CHROMATOC'ENOUS, from ^fu^a, 'colour, 
 and yivvaui, 'I make.' 
 
 Chromato6"esous Appara'tcs. a particular 
 apparatus for producing the colouring matter of 
 the skin, composed of a glandular or secreting 
 parenchyma, situate a little below the papillae, 
 and presenting special excretory ducts, which 
 pour out the colouring matter on the surface of 
 the true skin. — Breschet. 
 
 CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA, Achro- 
 matopsia. ' 
 
 CHROMATOPHO'BIA, from xoi^na, ' colour,' 
 and (po^us, 'dread.' Morbid sensibility to certain 
 colours. 
 
 CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA, Achromatopsia. 
 
 CHROMATOPSIA, Chromopsia. 
 
 CHROMIC ACID, Ac"idum Chro'micum, (F.) 
 Acide cliromiqiie. Obtained by crystallization 
 from a mixture of bichromate of potassa, and 
 oil of vitriol. It has been used as an escharotic 
 in external hemorrhoids. 
 
 CHROMIDRO'SIS, from XP<-^I"', 'colour,' and 
 'i^puig, ' sweat.' Abnormous coloration of the per- 
 spiratory secretion. 
 
 CHROMOP'SIA, Chromop'ia, Chromatop'sia, 
 Chrotop'sia, Chrup'sia, Crop'sia, Visus colora'tus, 
 Suffu'sio colo'rans, from xpijij^a, 'colour,' andot^is, 
 'vision.' A state of vision in which a coloured 
 impression is made on the retina. Said to be 
 occasionally observed in jaundice. 
 
 CHRONAGUNEA, Menstruation. 
 
 CHRONIC, Chron'icus, Chro'nius, Polychro'- 
 niits, Invetera'tus, Anti' guns, Bena'ns, from vpovos, 
 'time.' Of long duration. 
 
 Chronic Diseases, Iforhi chmn'ici, Macro- 
 nos'icB, Macro'sim, (F.) Maladies Chroniqiies, are 
 those whose duration is long, or whose symptoms 
 proceed slowly. The antithesis to chronic is acute, 
 
 CHRONO, from XP"'^"^} 'time.' A prefix to 
 terms denoting inflammation of a part, to show 
 that such inflammation is chronic. — Piorry. 
 
 CHEONO-HEPATITE, Hepatitis, chronic. 
 
 CHRONO-NEPHRITE, Nephritis (chronic.) 
 
 CHRONO-THERMAL, from ;;tP'""'f. 'time,' 
 and ^cp/jLVj 'heat.' Relating to time and tempe- 
 rature. An epithet given to a fanciful 'system' 
 by Dr. Samuel Dickson, which maintains, that 
 there can be no increase or dimirSution of tempe- 
 rature without motion ; no motion without time ; 
 that motion consists in attraction and repulsion ; 
 that attraction and repulsion are peculiar to elec- 
 tric action ; and hence, that medicines must 
 change the motions of the system, and be electri- 
 cal in their operation. 
 
 CHROTOPSIA, Chromopsia. 
 
 CHRUPSIA, Chrcmopsia. 
 
 CHRYSALEA, Nitro-muriatic nold. 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula officinalis. 
 
 Chrysan'themum LErcAN'TH.EMT'M. from XP^' 
 (TOi, 'gold,' and avSos, 'a flower.' The O.r-cye 
 daisy, Daisy, Whiteiceed, Goldens, 3faudh'nvnrt, 
 Bellis major seu prnten' sis, Biiphth'd'mnm mnjtis, 
 Leucan' thcmiim vulga're, Matrica'ria. I^ciicanlh'e- 
 miim, BeUidioVdes, Consol'ida media, Oi'uhia Bo- 
 vis, (F.) Chrysantheme, Chrysene. Grand ifargiii- 
 rite des pres. The flowers and herb are slightly 
 acrid; and were once used in pulmonary diseases. 
 
CHRYSE 
 
 203 
 
 CHTMICAL 
 
 Chrysanthemttm Parthenium, Matricaria par- 
 thenium. _ 
 
 CHRYSE, from xpuo-o?, 'gold.' The name of 
 a yellow plaster, described by Paulus of ^gina, 
 and composed of thus, alum, lead, colophony, 
 resin, oil, and orpiment, boiled in vinegar. 
 
 CER y^AWi?, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
 
 CHRYSITIS, see Plumbi oxidum semivitreum. 
 
 CHRYSOBALANUS GALENI, see Myristica 
 mosehata. 
 
 CHRYSOCALIS, Matricaria. 
 
 CHRYSOCHALCOS, Brass. 
 
 CHRYSOCOLLA, Borax. 
 
 CHRYSOCOMA, Millefolium. 
 
 CHRYSOLACHANUM, Chenopodium bonus 
 Henricus. 
 
 CHRYSOL'ITHUS, Chrys'olite, from xpvao;, 
 'gold,' and \t^o?, 'stone.' A precious stone, of 
 a golden colour, regarded by the ancients as car- 
 diac, cephalic, <tc. 
 
 CHRYSOMELIA, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 CHRYSOPIIYL'LUM CAINI'TO, from x^^'^o^ 
 'gold,' and ipvWov, 'a leaf.' Cainito, Siderox'- 
 ylon, Broad-leaved Stnr-apple. A tree of the 
 Antilles, which produces one of the best fruits 
 of the country. There are several varieties of it. 
 
 Chrysophyllum Gly'ciphl^tjm, Monesia. 
 
 CHRYSOPUS, Cambogia. 
 
 CHRYSOS, Gold. 
 
 CHRYSOSPERMUM, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 CHRYZA FIBRAUREA, Coptis. 
 
 CHTHOXOPHA'GIA, Oachex'ia Afriea'na, 
 Mala'cia Africaiio'rnm, Pica Af'ficano'rum, Leu- 
 cophlegma'tia ^thio'^ntm, Chloro'sia yEthiopuin, 
 Dh-t-eating, (F.) Mai d'Estoynac, from p^Suv, 
 ' earth,' and (payw, ' I eat.' A disorder of the nu- 
 tritive functions observed amongst the negroes of 
 the South and of the West Indies, in which there 
 is an irresistible desire to eat earth. It is accom- 
 panied by most of the signs of chlorosis. 
 
 CHU, Choa or Chns, ;:^af, C/iocus. A liquid 
 measure amongst the Greeks, answering to the 
 Concjius of the Romans, and containing six sex- 
 tarii, or twelve Attic cotyloa, or nine pints. — Galen. 
 
 CHURRUS, see Bangue. 
 
 CHUTE, Prolapsus — c. du Fondement, Proc- 
 tocele — c. de la 3I(iti-iee, Procidentia uteri — e. des 
 Oufs, see Parturition — c. du Mectum, Proctocele. 
 
 CHYLAIRE, Chylous. 
 
 CHYLAR, Chylous. 
 
 CHYLARION, Chyle. 
 
 CHYLE, Chijlns, SuccHS mitrWius, from X'"^f 
 ' I flow.' The word, in Hippocrates, means Tisane 
 or Decoction of Barley, Cliyla'rion, ;;^vXapiov. Ga- 
 len first used it in its present sense; — i. e. for a 
 nutritive fluid, extracted by intestinal absorp- 
 tion, from food which has been subjected to 
 the action of the digestive organs. It is of a 
 whitish appearance ,• is separated from the chyme 
 in the duodenum, and the rest of the small intes- 
 tines, and is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels, 
 which arise at the mucous surface of the intestine. 
 Along these it passes through the mesentmc 
 glands to the thoracic duct, and is finally poured 
 into the left subclavian. It is composed, like the 
 blood, of a coagulable part and of serum. Chyle 
 corpuscles or globules, exist in it, the average size 
 of which is about l-4600th of an inch. See Chyme. 
 
 Chyle Corpuscles, see Chyle. 
 
 CHYLEUX, Chylous. 
 
 CHYLIF'EROUS, Chy'lifer, Ghyliferxm, Chy- 
 loph'orus; from cJiylus, 'chyle,' and ferre, 'to 
 carry.' Chyle-bearing. 
 
 Chylif'erous Vessels, Vasa Chylif'era seu 
 Chylof'era, Vim chylif'ercB, VencB laetem, Vasa 
 lactea. The Lacteals. (F.) Vaisseaux chyliferes, 
 V. Lactes. Vessels which convey the chyle from 
 the intestines to the thoracic duct. 
 
 CHYLIFICA'TIOlSr, Chylifica'tio, CJiylo'sis, 
 Chylopoie'sis, PrcBpara'tio chyli, from chyhta, 
 ' chj'le,' and facere, 'to make.' Foi'mation of 
 chj'le by the digestive processes. 
 
 CHYLINE, Cyclamen. 
 
 CHYLISMA, Suceus expressus. 
 
 CHYLIS'MUS, from xuAoj, 'juice.' The acl 
 of expressing the juice of vegetables, <fec. 
 
 CHYLOCYSTIS, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CHYLODES, Chvlous. 
 
 CHYLODIABETES, Chyluria. 
 
 CHYLODIARRHCEA, Coeliac flux. 
 
 CHYLODOCHIUM, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CHYLOG'RAPHY, from x^>^os, 'chyle,' and 
 ypacpr], ' a description.' A description of the ana- 
 tomy, (fee, of the chyliferous vessels. 
 
 CHYLOPOIESIS,'' Chylitieation. 
 
 CHYLOPOIET'IC, Chylopoiet'icus, Chylopoi'e- 
 us, from %uAof, ' chyle,' and izotew, ' I make.' Re- 
 lating to or connected with the formation of chyle. 
 Chiefly applied to the organs immediately con- 
 cerned in it : as the stomach, intestines, omenta, 
 and mesenterj'. Assistant C/iylopoiciic : — a^- 
 plied to viscera which aid in the formation of 
 chvle, as the liver and panereas. 
 
 CHYLORRIIOEA, Coeliac flux — c. Pectoris, 
 Chylothorax — c. Renalis, Chyluria — c. Urinalis, 
 Chyluria. 
 
 CHYLOSIS, Chvlification. 
 
 CHYLOSTAG'MA DIAPHORET'ICUM 
 MINDERE'RI. A compound prepared by dis- 
 tilling the theriac o/Andromachus, the mithridate 
 o/ Damoerates, and other alexipharniics, ifec. It 
 is nearly the same preparation as the Aqua The- 
 riaca'lis Bezoar'dica. 
 
 C'iiY'LOTB.O'RAX,Pleurorrhce'achylo'sa,Chy. 
 lorrhoe'a Pec'toris, Hydrotho'rax chylo'svs ; from 
 ;^dXo;, 'chj'le,' and dmpa^, 'the chest.'- — Effusion 
 of chyle into the chest, owing to the rupture of a 
 chyliferous vessel. 
 
 CHYLOUS, Chylar, Chylo'sus vel Chyla'ris, 
 Chylo'des, (F.) Chyleux, Chylaire. Relating to 
 the chyle ; or having some analogy to tliat fluid, 
 
 CHYLU'RIA, Diahe'tes^ lac'tea, D. Chylo'sus, 
 Chylodiahe' tes, Galactu'ria, Fhixus cmliucus per 
 Renes, Pyu'ria lac'tea, P, Chylo'sa, Cce/iaca uri- 
 na'lis, C. rena'lis Chylorrhw'a urina'Us, Ch. rena'- 
 lis, from ;!^i)Aoy, 'chyle,' and ovpov, 'urine.' (F.) 
 Diabete chyleitx. A discharge of milky urine, with- 
 out any apparent lesion of the kidnevs or bladder. 
 
 CHYLUS, Chyle, Decoction, Suecus. 
 
 CHYME, Chymus, ^I'^ofj 'juice,' from ;(^(i), 'I 
 flow.' The pulp, formed by the food, mixed with 
 the supra-diaphragmatic and gastric secretions, 
 after it has been for some time in the stomach. 
 In this it continues until it reaches the biliary 
 and pancreatic ducts, which open into the duo- 
 denum ; where the conversion into chyle occurs, 
 which is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels, — the 
 excrementitious portion of the food traversing the 
 large intestine to be evacuated per anion. Cas- 
 telli asserts, that Chyme and Chyle were used in 
 an inverse sense by the ancients, from that ac- 
 cepted at present. 
 
 CHYMI, Humours. 
 
 CHYMIA, Chymistry — c. Organiea, Chymis- 
 try, organic — c. Pharmaceutica, see Chymistry. 
 
 CHYMIA'TER, Chimia'ter, Chemia'ter, from 
 ^«(i£ia or xif-^f^y ' chymistry,' and tarpos, ' a phy- 
 sician,' latro-chym' icus. A chemical phj'siciaru 
 
 CHYMIATRI'A, Chymiatri'a,Chemiatri'a, la- 
 tro-chemV a, 3fedici'na spagir'ica, Ars Chymiat'- 
 rica, from x^fiSiaov ;^)7/ijiu, ' chymistry,' and larpsta, 
 'cure.' The art of curing by chemical means. 
 
 CHYM'ICAL, Chem'ical, Chem'icus, Chew,', 
 ticiis. A medicine formed by the aid of chymistiy, 
 in contradistinction to Galenical. 
 
CHTM'ICO-HISTOL' GT 
 
 204 
 
 CICHO'RIUM ENDIV'IA 
 
 CHTM'IC0-HIST0L'0GY,C%m'i"co-^i8«o%"- 
 (a, Ghem'ico-Mstol'ogy. The doctrine of the or- 
 ganic chemistry and morphology of tissues. 
 CHYMICOPHANTA, Chymist. 
 CHYMICUS, Ghymical, Chymist. 
 CHYMIE, Chymistry. 
 
 CHTMIFICA'TION, Chymifica'tio, Chymo'- 
 eis, from xw^ofj 'juice,' and /ace re, 'to make.' 
 Formation of chyme. 
 
 CHYM'IST, Ckeni'ist, Chem'icus, Chymico- 
 phan'ta, Chym'icus, (F.) Chimiste ou Chymiete. 
 One acquainted with chymistry. In Great Bri- 
 tain it has, also, the signification of "one who 
 sells chemicals." 
 
 CHTMISTE, Chymist. 
 
 CHYM'ISTRY, Chem'istry, Chemi'a, Chymi'a, 
 Okimi'a, Chemeu'tice, Chemot'ice, Pit ilosoph'ia j}er 
 igiiem, Spagy'ria, Pyrotech'via, Pyrosoph'ia, Ars 
 Jicniiet'ica, Archbna'gia, Ars mago'rum, Ars sepa- 
 rata' r in, Ars spagir'ica; from x^l^°^' 'juice,' or 
 from Arab, chenm, 'a secret.' (F.) Chiniie ou 
 CJiymie. A branch of the natural sciences, -whose 
 object is to in^^estigate the nature and properties 
 of bodies, simple and compound, inorganic and 
 organized; and to study the force or power, by 
 virtue of which every combination is effected. It 
 investigates the action between the integrant mo- 
 lecules or atoms of bodies. 
 
 Organic Chemistry, Chymi'a organ'ica, Organo- 
 chemi'a, is the chymistry of organized sub- 
 stances, — animal and vegetable. 
 
 Animal Chym'istry, Zooch'emy or Zooch'ymy, 
 Zooehemi'a, is the chymistry of substances af- 
 forded by the dead or living animal body. This 
 branch of chymistry has been farther subdi- 
 vided into jjhysiological, when it considers the 
 changes produced in organized bodies in health, 
 pathological, when it regards those produced 
 by organic or other diseases. Anthropochymy, 
 Authropochemi'a, is the chymistry of the human 
 body. Chymistry is called Therapeu'tical or 
 Pharmaceu'tical, Pharmaco-chymi'a, Chymi'a 
 pharmaceu'tica, when it is engaged in the analy- 
 sis of simple medicines ; in improving the pre- 
 scribing and preparing of chemical and Galenical 
 medicines: in the means of preparing them, and 
 detecting adulterations, &c. Hygien'ie Chym'istry 
 is that which is applied to the means of rendering 
 habitations healthy, of analyzing the air we 
 breathe, preventing the occurrence of disease, 
 pointing out healthy aliments, and appreciating 
 the influence of professions, &c. on the health of 
 man. All these different subdivisions, with vege- 
 table chymistry, are, at times, included under the 
 head of Medical Chym'istry, Phytochymistry ; at 
 Others, the term comprehends only the Animal, 
 Vegetable and Pharmaceutical subdivisions. 
 
 Vital Chemistry, Biochymi'a, is that which is 
 executed under the influence of vitality. 
 
 A knowlege of chymistry is of great importance 
 to the physician. Many of the functions are of 
 a chemical nature : many diseases require a che- 
 mical mode of treatment; and, without an ac- 
 quaintance with it, two or more substances might 
 be given in combination, which, by forming a 
 chemical union, might give rise to other com- 
 jiounds, possessing very different virtues from the 
 components taken singly, and thus the prescriber 
 be disappointed in the results. 
 
 Chymistrt, Animal, see Chymistry — c. Hy- 
 gienic, see Chymistry — c. Medical, see Chymis- 
 try — c. Organic, see Chymistry — c. Pharmaceu- 
 U<^, see Chymistry — c. Therapeutical, see Chy- 
 mistry — c. A''egetable, see Chymistry — c. Vital, 
 gee Chvmistrj^ 
 CHYMOCIIEZTA, Coeliac flux. 
 CHYMOPLANIA,(G.)Chymoplanien,Dys- 
 
 chymosen, from ^«/ios, 'juice,' and ffXav>7,'wander- 
 ing.' A transposition of secretions : — a family of dis- 
 eases in the classification of Fuchs, which includes 
 icterus, uroplania, menoplania and galactoplania. 
 CHYMORRHCEA, Coeliac flux, Lientery. 
 CHYMOSIN, Pepsin. 
 CHYMOSIS, Chymification. 
 CHYMOZEMIA. Hypercrinia. 
 CHYTLEN, RADIX. A cylindrical root, bitter 
 and inodorous, brought from China. It is held 
 by the Chinese to be stomachic. — Murray. 
 
 CHYT'LON, xvtIov, from x^u, ' I pour out.' A 
 liquid formerly used for rubbing the body after 
 bathing. 
 
 CIBARIUM, Aliment. 
 
 CIBA'RIUS PANIS, 'Coarse bread.' Bread 
 made of second flour. — Celsus. 
 
 CIBA'TIO. Trophe. The taking of food. In 
 Pharmacy, it is the same as Incorporation. 
 
 CIBUS, Aliment — c. Albus, Blancmanges 
 
 c. Deorum, Asafoetida. 
 CICATRICE, Cicatrix. 
 
 CICATRICES OVARIORUM, Stigmata ova^ 
 riorum. 
 
 CICATRIC'ULA. Diminutive of Cicatrix. A 
 small cica'trix. Stigma. The term is, also, applied 
 to a small white spot, called the tread, chal'aza, 
 chala'zium, observable at the surface of a fecun- 
 dated egg. See Molecule. 
 
 CICATRISAN'TIA, EpulM'ica, Synnlot'ica, 
 Apiulot'ica, Catulot'ica, Ulot'ica. Remedies for- 
 merly considered to be capable of producing cica- 
 trization. ; 
 
 CICA'TRIX, CcBca'trix, Ule, Onle, from ccBcare, 
 'to conceal,' because it conceals the wound. (F.) 
 Cicatrice. The union of parts, which have been 
 divided. A scar or formation, of a reddish colour, 
 afterwards whitish, and of variable thickness, 
 which takes place at the surfaceof woundsorulcers 
 after their cure. A cicatrix may vary much in 
 shape, consistence, and thickness. The cicatrix 
 of a bone is called Callus. A vic"ious cica'trix, 
 (F.) Cicatrice viciense, is one which interferes 
 with the action of the parts on which it occurs. 
 The scars after small-pox, are called Pits or Pock- 
 marks, (F.) Coutures par la petite verole. 
 Cicatrix Variol.e, Pockmark. 
 CICATRIZA'TION, Cicatrisa'tio, Epiilo'ste, 
 Synido'sis. The process by which a cicatrix is 
 formed. Every tissue, except the nails, epider- 
 mis, hair, and enamel is, probably, capable of 
 cicatrization. 
 
 CICELY, SWEET, Chserophyllum odoratum, 
 Osmorrhiza longistylis, Scandix odorata. 
 
 CICER ARIETI'NUM. The Cicer plant, 
 Erehin'thus, (F.) Cicerole, Pois Chiche. The 
 seeds are ground into flour, and used as bread in 
 some countries. 
 
 Cicer Lens, Ervum lens. 
 
 CI'CERA TAR'TARI. Small pills of turpen- 
 tine and cream of tartar — of the size of a vetch 
 or cicer. 
 
 CICE^RBITA, SoTichus oleraceus. 
 CICEROLE, Cicer arietinum. 
 CICHO'RIUM ENDR^'IA. The system.-. tic 
 name of the Endive, Endiv'ia, Endi'va, In'lulivmy 
 In'tyhxim {Antiq.), Scariola, In'tyhns horten'eis, 
 (F.) Chicoree des Jardins, Scariole. Family, 
 Cichoracea;. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia 
 aequalis. It is a common pot herb, and is eaten 
 as salad. 
 
 Cicho'rium In'tybuS, Scris, Seriola, In'tvlum 
 errat'icum. The systematic name of the Wild 
 Suc'cory, Wild Cich'ory, Cich'ory. Wild Endive, 
 Ambnlei'a, Ileliotro'pion, Catnnan'ce. Cichu'rcum, 
 (F.) Chicoree sauvnge. It is bitter, and was once 
 used as a tonic. The root, roasted and ground, 
 is often used instead of, or mixed with, coffee. 
 
CHICORY, WILD 
 
 205 
 
 CILIARY 
 
 CICHORY, WILD, Cichorium intybus. 
 CICI, Ricinis communis. 
 
 CICINDE'LA, Lam'2}yris, Noctil'uca, Ntted'- 
 vla. The Gloio-icorm. (F.) Ver luisant. This 
 insect was once thought to be anodyne and lithon- 
 triptic. 
 
 CICIS, see Quercus infectoria. 
 CIGON'GIUS; an ancient measure, contain- 
 ing 12 pints. 
 
 CICUTA, Conium maculatum. 
 Cicu'ta Aquat'ica, Cicu'ta viro'ea, Cicuta'ria 
 aqiiat'ica, Gorian' drum cicu'ta, Water Hemloch, 
 Cowbane, (F.) Cigu'e aquatique ou vireuse. Fa- 
 mily, Umbelliferse. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digy- 
 nia. A violent poison, often eaten by mistake 
 for Wild SmaUage, Apium Graveolens. It pro- 
 duces tremors, vertigo, burning at the stomach, 
 and all the sj'mptoms occasioned by the Narco- 
 tico-acrid class of poisons. 
 
 Cicu'ta Macula'ta, (F.) Cigxie d'Amerique, 
 American water hemlock, American Hemlock, 
 Snakeweed, Zleath of man, Water parsley. Poison 
 root, Wild Hemlock, Children's bane, is analo- 
 gous in botanical character and medical proper- 
 ties to the European species. See Conium Ma- 
 culatum. 
 
 CicuTA Major, Conium maculatum — c. Major 
 fcetida, Conium maculatum — c. Stoerkii, Conium 
 maculatum — c. Terrestris, Conium maculatum — 
 c. Virosa, Cicuta aquatica — c. Vulgaris, Conium 
 maculatum. 
 
 CICUTARIA, Chserophyllum sylvestre — c. 
 Aquatica, Cicuta aquatica, Phellandrium aquati- 
 cum — c. Odorata, Chaerophyllum odoratum. 
 
 CIDER, Poma'ceum, (F.) Cidre. This word 
 is said to have been formerly written sidre, and 
 to have come from Sic' era, aiKcpa, which signifies 
 any kind of fermented liquor other than wine. 
 It is made from the juice of apples, and, when 
 good, is a wholesome drink. 
 CIDRE, Cider. 
 
 CIGNUS; an ancient measure, which con- 
 tained about two drachms. 
 
 CIGUE AQUATIQUE, Cicuta aquatica — c. 
 d' Ameriqtie, Cicuta maculata — c. d'Eau, Phellan- 
 drium aquaticum — c. Grande, Conium maculatum 
 c. Ordinaire, Conium maculatum — c. Petite, 
 ^thusa cynapium — c. Vireuse, Cicuta aquatica. 
 
 CIJj'lA, Plephar'ides, Pili paljyebra'rum. The 
 eyelashes. The hairs on the eyelids. (F.) Gils. 
 Their use seems to be, to prevent the entrance 
 into the eye of light bodies flying in the atmo- 
 sphere ; and to diminish, in certain cases, the in- 
 tensity of light. Also, the tarsi. Also, a pecu- 
 liar sort of moving organs, resembling small 
 hairs, vi'bratory or vi'bratile cil'ia, Gil'ia vibra- 
 to' ria, (F.) Cils vibratils, which are visible with 
 the microscope in many animals. These organs 
 are found on parts of the bodj', which are habi- 
 tually in contact with water, or other more or 
 less fluid matters, and produce motion in these 
 fluids, impelling them along the surface of the 
 parts. Cilia have been found to exist in all ver- 
 tebrated animals except fishes, having been dis- 
 covered on the respiratory and uterine mucous 
 membranes of mammalia, birds, and reptiles. 
 
 The terms "vibratory motion" and "ciliary 
 motion" have been used to express the pheno- 
 mena exhibited by the moving cilia; and it is pro- 
 bable, that this motion is concerned in the pro- 
 gression of fluids along the membranes. As yet, 
 the motion has been observed only in the direc- 
 tion of the outlets of canals. 
 GILIAIRE, Ciliary. 
 
 CIL'IARY, Ollia'ris, (F.) Oiliaire. Relating 
 to the eyelashes, or to cilia. This epithet has, 
 also, been applied to different parts, which enter 
 
 into the structure of the eye ; from the resem- 
 blance between some of them {the ciliary pro- 
 cesses) and the eyelashes. 
 
 Ciliary Ar'teries, Arte'ria cilia'res, (F.) Ar- 
 teres ciliaires. These are fnrnished by the oph- 
 thalmic artery. They are distinguished into 1* 
 Short or posterior (Art. vveales — Chauss.) 30 or 
 40 in number, which are distributed to the ciliary 
 processes. 2. Long, {Art. Iriennes of Chauss.,) 
 two in number, which, by the anastomoses of 
 their branches, form two arterial circles at the 
 anterior surface of the iris : and, 3. The anterior, 
 Arte'ri<B cilia'res anterio'res of Haller, the num- 
 ber of which is variable. These pierce the scle- 
 rotic a few lines from its union with the cornea; 
 and are principally distributed to the iris. 
 
 Ciliary Body, Corpus Cilia're, Nexus Stamin'- 
 eus Oc'uli, Coro'na Cilia'ris, Ciliary Disc, (F.) 
 Corps ciliaire. A ring of the choroid surround- 
 ing the crystalline in the manner of a crown ; 
 placed behind the iris and the ciliary circle. It 
 resembles the disk of a radiated flower, and is 
 formed by the union of the ciliary processes. 
 See Ciliary Muscle. 
 
 Ciliary Canal, Canal of Fonta'na. A small, 
 extremely narrow circular space, formed between 
 the ciliary circle, the cornea, and the sclerotica. 
 It can be filled with injection, and it is not cer- 
 tain that it is not the cavity of a blood-vessel. 
 
 Ciliary Circle, Ciliary ligament — c. Disc, 
 Ciliary body — c. Ganglion, Ophthalmic ganglion. 
 Ciliary Lig'ament, C. Circle or Ping, Liga- 
 men'tum seu Instertit"ium -cilia're, L. I'ridis, 
 Plexus cilia'ris, An'nulus seu Cir'cnlus seu Or- 
 bic'ulus cilia'ris, A. cellulo' sus, Com'missure of 
 the Uvea, Commissure de la Choro'ide, — (Ch.,) 
 (F.) Ligament ou Cerele ciliaire, Cercle de la 
 Choro'ide, Ceinture blanche de la Choro'ide. A 
 species of greyish ring, of a pulpy consistence, 
 situate between the choroid, iris, and sclerotica. 
 The internal surface of the choroid is uniform, 
 until it approaches within ten lines and a-half of 
 the edge of the cornea; here a dentated line is 
 observed, termed ora serra'ta. The outer surface 
 presents the an'nulus al'bidus seu gangliform'is, 
 the anterior edge of which unites to the inner 
 surface of the sclerotica and constitutes the cili- 
 ary ligament. 
 
 Cil'iary Margin or Tarsal Margin of the 
 eyelids; (F.) Bord ciliaire. The edge in which 
 the cUia or eyelashes are situate. 
 Ciliary Motion, see Cilia. 
 Ciliary Muscle, 3Ius'culu8 cilia'ris. The 
 part of the orbicularis palpebrarum in the vici- 
 nity of the ciliary margin. Also, the grej-ish, 
 semi-transparent structure behind the ciliary 
 ligament and covering the outside of the ciliary 
 body. By its contraction the ciliary processes, 
 and with them the lens, must be drawn towards 
 the cornea. It appears to be the same muscle as 
 the Tensor choro'idem or choroid muscle of seme 
 anatomists. 
 
 Ciliary Nerves {Nerfs Iriens, — Chauss.) (F ) 
 Nerfs ciliaires. These are 12 to 16 in number. 
 They arise from the nasal nerve, and particu- 
 larly from the anterior part of the ophthalmic 
 ganglion ; and unite in two fasciculi, which 
 pass around the optic nerve, and pierce the scle- 
 rotica near the entrance of that nerve into tho 
 eye. They are lost in the ciliary ligament. 
 Ciliary Plexus, C. Ligament. 
 Ciliary Proc" esses, Proces'sus cilia'res, 
 Pad' a seu StricB cilia'res, Rayons sotts-iriens — 
 (Ch.,) (F.) Proces ciliaires. Triangular folds, 
 sixty or eighty in number, placed at the side of 
 each other, and radiating, so as to resemble the 
 disk of a radiated flower. They are lodged in 
 depressions at the anterior part of the vftreouj 
 
CILIATED 
 
 206 
 
 CINCHONA 
 
 humour. The uses of these processes are not 
 known. 
 
 Ciliary Ring, Ciliary ligament. 
 Ciliary Stride are numerous, pale, radiated 
 Etriie in the posterior portion of the Corpus cili- 
 are, but so covered by the Pigmentmn nigrum, as 
 not to be distinctly seen till the paint is removed. 
 The ciliary processes are formed by these striae. 
 
 Ciliary Vfiixs, (F.) Veines ciliaires, follow 
 nearly the same course as the arteries. In the 
 choroid they are so tortuous, that they have re- 
 ceived the name Vasa vortieo'sa. They open into 
 the ophthalmic vein. 
 
 Ciliary Zone, Zona seu Zo'nnla Cilia'ris, 
 Jfembraii'ula C'oro'ncB Cilia'ris. Under the cor- 
 pus ciliare, the capsule of the vitreous humour 
 sends off an external lamina, which accompanies 
 the retina, and is inserted, with it, into the fore- 
 part of the capsule of the lens, a little before its 
 anterior edge. This is the Zonula ciliaris, Zo- 
 nula Zin'nii or Zonula of Zinn, C'oro'na Cilia'- 
 ris, Orbic'ulus Cilia'ris. It is of a striated ap- 
 pearance and circular form, and assists in fixing 
 the lens to the vitreous humour. 
 
 CIL'IATED, Cilia' tiis; tram cilia. Provided 
 ■with cilia — as "ciliated epithelium," the epithe- 
 lium to which vibratory cilia are attached. 
 
 CILLEMENT, Xictation. 
 
 CILLO. A name given by some authors to 
 those whose upper eyelid is perpetually tremu- 
 lous ; — a trembling, which in some cases is called 
 Life's blood. " To have life's blood in the eye," 
 in other words, is to have this affection. Vogel 
 calls it Cillo'ais. 
 
 CILLOSIS, CiUo. 
 
 CILS, Cilia — c. Vibratils, see Cilia. 
 ' CIMEX, Koris, Koptg, Cimex lectxda'rius. The 
 Wall or House or Bed Bug or Chinche. (F.) 
 Punaise. Six or seven of these, given internally, 
 are said to have prevented ague ! There is 
 scarcely any thing which is sufficiently disgust- 
 ing, that has not been exhibited for this purpose, 
 and with more or less success. The bug has also 
 been esteemed emmenagogue. 
 
 CIMICIFUGA, Actcea racemosa. 
 
 CIMO'LIA PURPURES'CENS, Terra Sapo- 
 na'riaf Terra Fullon'ica, Fxdler's Earth. A com- 
 pact, bolar earth, employed in the arts. Used at 
 times as a cooling application to inflamed nip- 
 ples, &c. 
 
 Cimo'lia Terra, Cimo'lia alha, Smectis, Smec- 
 Iris, Cimo'lui; from Ki//uAoj, an island in the 
 Cretan Sea, where it is procured. It was formerly 
 used as an astringent, &c. — Scribqnius L.irgus, 
 Pliny. Probably, the same as the last. 
 
 CINA CINA, Cinchona — c. Levantica, Arte- 
 misia Santonica, 
 
 CINABARIS, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
 brum. 
 
 CINABARIUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
 brum. 
 
 CIN'ABRA, Grasus. The smell of a he-goat. 
 A rank smell, like that of the armpit, Hircus 
 ala'rum. 
 
 CIN^DIA, Masturbation. 
 
 CINARA HORTEXSIS, Cynara scolymus— c. 
 Bcolymus, Cynara Scolymus. 
 
 CIXCUO'NA. So called from the Spanish 
 Viceroy's lady, the Countess de Cinchon, who 
 was cured of fever by it at Lima, about 1G3S. 
 Called also Cortex seu Pulvis Jesuit'icus, Jesuit's 
 Bark or Powder, Cortex Patrum, because it was 
 introduced into Europe by the Jesuits ; and also 
 Pulvis Comilis'scB or the Countess's Powder, and 
 Cardinal del Lugo's Powder, Cortex Ctirdina'lls 
 de Lugo, because he introduced it at Rome. It 
 is the pharmacopoeial name of several kinds of 
 barki from various species of Cinchona, from 
 
 the western coast of South America. No.t. Order, 
 Cinchonacese. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Mocogy- 
 nia. Called, also. Cortex, Bark, Peruvi-xn Bark, 
 English Remedy, Cortex Chinch, Cortix ChintB 
 Regius, China, Chinchi'na, Palos de Colsntura, 
 Kina Kina, [Bark of Barks,) Kinki'na, Cina 
 Cina, Quina Quina, Quinqui'na, Magnum Dei 
 donum, (F.) Quinquina. 
 
 Cincho'n.« Carib^'je Cortex, from Exos- 
 tem'ma CarihcB'um, Caribm'an Bark; Saint Lu- 
 cia Bark, (F.) Ecorce de Saint Lucie, Quin- 
 quina Piton, from Exoste'ma floribund'um ; and 
 the Pitaya Bark, Quinqxiina bi'eolor, from an 
 exostemma(?) or from strychnos pseudoquina(?), 
 are useful substitutes for the cinchona of Peru. 
 These are the most important spurious barks. 
 They contain neither quinia nor cinchonia. 
 
 Cinchona Cordifo'li^ Cortex, Cortex favus, 
 CinchoncB officina'lis cortex flaws. Yellow Bark, 
 Calisay'a Bark, (F.) Quinquina jaune ou jaitne 
 royal, Calasaya. Odour aromatic ; taste strong, 
 bitter, astringent. Xot rolled ; often without the 
 epidermis, which is very thick and inert; light, 
 friable; fracture fibrous. Active principle Quinia. 
 
 Cinchona Laxctfo'lIjE Cortex, Cortex Peru- 
 via'nus. Cortex pal'lidns. Cinchona officina'iis 
 cortex commu'nis, Cinchona pallida. Pale Bark, 
 Loxa Bark, Croicn Bark, (F.) Quinquina gris de 
 Loxa, Quinqxiina Orange. Its odour is aromatic; 
 taste pleasant, bitter, and astringent. The pieces 
 are rolled in double or single quills. Epidermis 
 brown, cracked; fracture resinous. Internally 
 of a cinnamon colour. Its active principle is 
 Cinchonia. 
 
 CiNCHO>f^E Oblongifo'li^ Cortex, Cortex 
 ruber, Cinchona officina'lis cortex ruler, Bed 
 Bark, (F.) Quinquina rouge. Odour and taste 
 the same as the pale, but more intense : in large 
 flat pieces, solid, heavy, dry ; fracture short and 
 smooth; of a deep brownish-red colour. .Al- 
 though this variety of bark is assigned to the 
 Cinchona oblongifolia by some, it would seem, 
 that nothing is certainly known as to its source. 
 Active jirinciples, Cinchonia and Quinia. 
 
 The last three are the only officinal varieties 
 in the Pharmacopceia of the United States. There 
 are many other varieties, however, which are 
 genuine cinchona barks, and j-et have not been 
 considered worthy of an officinal position. The 
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia admits, indeed, Cin- 
 chona cinerea, Grey bark. Silver bark or Snanueo 
 bark, which is obtained around Iluanuco in Peru, 
 and lielongs to the class of pale barks. Among.'-t 
 the genuine but inferior barks are those brought 
 from the northern Atlantic ports of South Ame- 
 rica, which, in commerce, are variously called 
 Carthagena, 3Iaracaybo and Santa Martha barks. 
 
 All these barks are hitter, astringent, tonic, 
 and eminently febrifuge. The yellow bark h:is 
 been thought equal to any of the others, but the 
 red contains more active principle. The discovery 
 of their active principles is one of the most im- 
 portant gifts of modern chymistry. Still, in per- 
 nicious intermittcnts, the bark, in substance, is 
 often demanded. It is emploj-ed in every disease 
 in which there is deficient tone, but in cases 
 where the stomach is much debilitated, the pow- 
 der had better be avoided in consequence of the 
 woody fibre, which might disagree. Externally, 
 it is used in enemata, gargles, &c., and in gan- 
 grenous ulcerations. AVhen it excites nausea, an 
 aromatic may be added to it; if purging, opium; 
 if costiveness, rhubarb, <tc. Dose, ^ss to 3J <'r 
 more. 
 
 Essential Salt op Bark, as it is called, is 
 an extract, prepared b}' macerating the bruised 
 substance of bark in cold water, and submitung 
 the infusion to a very slow evaporation. 
 
CINCHONIA 
 
 2or 
 
 CIRCULUS 
 
 CiNCHOJ^A Officinalis (Cortex Flatus,) 
 Cinchonse cordifoliEe cortex — c. Pallida, Cinchonse 
 lancifolite cortex — c. of Virginia, Magnolia glanca. 
 
 CINCHONIA, Cinchonine — o. Tannate of, 
 Quinse et cinchoniae tannas. 
 
 CINCH'ONINE, Cinchoni'na, CincTionin, Cin- 
 cho'nia. The active principle of Cincho'na lan- 
 cifo'lia. An organic, crystalline alkali; of a 
 white colour, and bitter, slightly astringent taste ; 
 very soluble in alcohol and ether, but almost iu- 
 Boluble in water. 
 
 Sulphate of CincTionia, which is formed directly 
 from ciuchonia, is soluble in water and alcohol. 
 The action of the sulphate of cinchonia is similar 
 to that of the sulphate of quinia,: but it is less 
 energetic, and consequently requires to be given 
 in a larger dose. 
 
 CiNCHONiXE, Tartrate of, see Quinine, tar- 
 trate of. 
 
 CINCHONISM, Quininism. 
 
 CINCIN'NULUS. A little lock or curl of hair. 
 
 CINCIN'NUS. A curled or frizzled lock. The 
 hair on the temples. 
 
 CINC'LICIS, Cindts'mns, 'agitation; rapid 
 and frequent motion.' The movement of the 
 thorax in dyspnoea. — Ilippoerates. It has been 
 used, also, synonymously with nictation. 
 
 CINCLISMUS, Cinclisis. 
 
 CINEFAGTIO, Incineration. 
 
 CINE 'MA, Cine' sis, from Kivs<ii, '1 move.' 
 Motion. 
 
 CINERARIA MARITIMA, Achaovan, Abiat. 
 
 CINERES CLAVELLATI, see Potash — c. 
 Gravellati, see Potash — c. Russici, Potash of 
 commerce. 
 
 CINEREUS, Cineritious. 
 
 CINERIT"IOUS, Ciner'em, from cineres, 
 'ashes;' (F.) Cendre. Of the colour of ashes. 
 The cortical substance of the brain, and the vesi- 
 cular neurine in general, have been so called. 
 See Cortex Cerebri, and Neurine. 
 
 CINESIS, Cinema, Motion. 
 
 CINETH'MICS, from kivm, 'I move.' The 
 Science of movements in general. 
 
 CINETIC, Motory. 
 
 CINET'ICA. Same etymon. Diseases affect- 
 ing the muscles, and characterized by irregular 
 action of the muscles or muscular fibres, commonly 
 denominated Spasm. The 3d order in the class 
 Nexirotica of Good. Also, agents that affect the 
 voluntary or involuntary motions. — Percira. 
 
 CINETUS, Diaphragm. 
 
 CINGULARIA, Lycopodium. 
 
 CIN'GULUM, Zone, from cingo, 'I bind.' (F.) 
 Ceintnre. A cincture. A girdle. The part of 
 the body, situate below the ribs, to which the 
 girdle is applied. The icaist. 
 
 Cin'gulum Hilda'ni, Zo'mda Hilda'ni, (F.) 
 Ceintnre de Hildane. A leathern girdle formerly 
 used for the reduction of luxations and fractures 
 of the extremities. 
 
 Cin'gulum: Mercuria'lE, C. Sapien'tice, C. 
 Stultit"i(B. A woollen girdle, containing mercu- 
 rial ointment. It was used as an antisyphilitic, 
 B.nd in diseases' of the skin. (F.) Ceinture de vif 
 Sargent. 
 
 CiNGULUM Sancti Joannis, Artemisia Vulgaris. 
 
 CINIS F^CUM, see Potash— c. Infeetorius, 
 Bee Potash. 
 
 CINNABARIS, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
 brum — c. Grajcorum, see Calamus rotang. 
 
 CINNAMOMUM, Laurus cinnamomum — c. 
 Album, Canella alba — c. Aromaticum, see Laurus 
 cinnamomum — c. Culilawan, Laurus Culilawan — 
 c. Indicum, Laurus cassia — e. MageUanicum, 
 Wintera aromat'ca — e. Malabarieum, Laurus cas- 
 sia — c. Zeylanicam, Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 CINNAMON, see Laurus cinnamomum — c, 
 Malabar, Laurus cassia — c. Wild, Laurus cassia. 
 CINON'OSI, from Kivm, 'I move/ and voan;, 
 ' z, disease.' Diseases of motion. 
 
 CINOPLANE'SIS, from Kivew, 'I move,' and 
 7rXav)?<rtj, 'a wandering about.' Irregularity oi 
 motion. 
 
 CINQUEFOIL, Potentilla reptans— c. Marsh, 
 Comarum palustre — c. Norway, Potentilla Nor- 
 vegica. 
 
 CINZILLA, Herpes zoster. 
 CION, Uvula. 
 
 CI'ONIS. The U'vula. Also, tumefaction, or 
 elongation of the uvula; Staphylodial'ysis. 
 
 CIONI'TIS, from Kwvig, 'the uvula,' and itis, 
 'inflammation.' Inflammation of the uvula, 
 Uvuli'tis. 
 
 CIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy. 
 
 CIOT'OMY, Ciotom'ia, Cionot'omy, Cionotom'ia-, 
 from Kiwv, 'the uvula,' and Tofirj, 'incision.' Ex- 
 cision of the uvula when too long. 
 
 CIPIPA, see Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CIRC^A, Atropa mandragora, Circaea Lute- 
 tian a. 
 
 CirCje'a Lutetia'na, Circm'a, Paris'ian Cir- 
 cai'a, from Circe, the enchantress; Enchant'em' 
 Nightshade, (F.) Herhe de Saint Etienne, Herhe 
 aux Sorciers. This plant, common in the vicinity 
 of Paris, wa? formerly considered to be resolvent 
 and vulnerary. It was also supposed to possess 
 wonderful magical and enchanting properties. 
 
 CIRCINUS, Herpes zoster. 
 
 CIRCLE, Circulus — c. Cilir.ry, Ciliary liga- 
 ment — c. of Willis, see Circulus. 
 
 CIRCOCELE, Cirsocele. 
 
 CIIiCONCISION, Circumcision. 
 
 CmCONFLEXE, Circumflexus. 
 
 CIRCONSCEIT, Circumscribed. 
 
 CIRCONVOLUTION, Convolution. 
 
 CIRCUIT, Circu'itus ; in pathological lan- 
 guage, generally means 'period,' 'course.' 
 
 CIRCUITUS, Period, Circuit. 
 
 CIR'CULAR, Circula'ris, from circulus, 'a 
 circle.' (F.) Circnlaire. Having the form of 
 a circle ; as Circular Anqnitation, &c. 
 
 The French use the expression "Une circn- 
 laire," for a turn of a bandage around any part. 
 
 Circular Sinus of Ridley, Sinus coronarins. 
 
 CIRCULA'TION, Circida'tio, Cyclophor'ia, 
 Periodus san'guinis, irora c?Vc?(?i(s, ' a circle ;' or 
 rather, from circum, 'around,' unA ferre, latvm, 
 ' to carry.' CF.) Circidation. Physiologists give 
 this name to the motion of the blood through the 
 diff'erent vessels of the body — savguimotion ; — to 
 that function, by which the blood, setting out 
 from the left ventricle of the heart, is distributed 
 to every part of the body by the arteries ; — pro- 
 ceeds into the veins, returns to the heart, enters 
 the right auricle, and passes into the correspond- 
 ing ventricle, which sends it into the pulmonary 
 artery to be distributed to the lungs, whence it 
 issues by the pulmonary veins, and passes into 
 the left auricle. From this it is sent into the left 
 ventricle, and is again distributed by means of 
 the arteries. 
 
 Circula'tion, Cap'illary, C. des Parenchyvjen, 
 is that which takes place in the capillary vessel? ; 
 and is, in some measure, independent of the ac- 
 tion of the heart. See Capillary Vessels. 
 
 Circulation, Pulmon'ic or lesser, is the cir- 
 cle from the right to the left side of the heart by 
 the lungs. — The greater or systemat'ic or 
 SYSTEJt'ic, is that through the rest of the system. 
 
 CIRCULATOR, Charlatan. 
 
 CIR'CULATORY, Circidato'rius ; same ety- 
 mon as circulation. Relating to the circulation 
 as of the blood ; — sanguiwo'tory. 
 
 CIR'CULUS. A circle or img, Ct/clus. Ci' 
 
CIRCUMAGEXTES 
 
 20S 
 
 CIRSOMPHALUS 
 
 rlos, (F.) Oerde. Any part of the body which is 
 round or annular, as Cir'culue Oc'nii — the r/lohe, 
 hiilb, or orb of the eye. — Hippocr., Galen. It is, 
 also, applied to objects, which by no means form 
 a circle, — as to the Circle of Willis, Cir' cuius 
 arterio'susWillie'ii,yf}iiQh.ii&n anastomotic circle 
 at the base of the brain, formed by the anterior 
 and the posterior cerebral arteries and the com- 
 municating arteries of Willis. 
 
 CiRCULUs Arterio'sus I'ribis. The artery 
 vrhich runs round the iris, and forms a circle. 
 
 CiRCULus Arteriosus Willisii, Circle of Wil- 
 lis, see Circulus — c. Ciliaris, Ciliary ligament — 
 C. Membranosus, Hymen. 
 
 Circulus Quad'euplex ; a kind of bandage 
 used by the ancients. 
 
 Circulus Toxsilla'ris. A plexus formed by 
 the tonsillitic branches of the glosso-pharyngeal 
 nerve around the base of the tonsil. 
 
 Circulus Ven'o'sus, Figu'ra veno'sa, Vena seu 
 Sinus termina'Us. The venous circle in the em- 
 bryo, which bounds the Area Vasculosa or Vascu- 
 lijr Area. 
 
 CIRCUMAGENTES, Oblique muscles of the 
 eve. 
 ' CIRCUMCAULALIS MEMBEAXA, Con- 
 junctiva. 
 
 CIRCUMCISIO, Circumcision — e. Fcemina- 
 rum. see Circumcision. 
 
 CIRCUMCIS'ION, Circumcis'io, Posthet'omy, 
 PrcBcis'io seu Ahscis'io Prapu'tii, Circumcieu'ra, 
 Cireumsec'tio, Perit'ome, from circum, 'around,' 
 and cadere, 'to cut.' (F.) Circoncision. An an- 
 cient operation, performed by some nations as a 
 religious ceremony. It consists in removing cir- 
 cularly a portion of the prepuce of infants : — a 
 custom, which was probably suggested with a 
 view to cleanliness. In eases of extraordinary 
 length of prepuce, or when affected with disease, 
 the operation is sometimes undertaken by sur- 
 geons. A similar operation is performed, amongst 
 the Egyptians, Arabians, and Persians, on the 
 female, Circumcis'io fremina' rum, by removing a 
 portion of the nymphse, and at times the clitoris. 
 
 CIRCUMCISURA, Circumcision. 
 
 CIRCUMDUCTIO, Perispbalsis. 
 
 CIRCUMDUCTIONIS OPIFEX, ObUquus 
 superior oculi. 
 
 CIPlCUMFLEX, Circumflex' us, from circum, 
 'around,' and flexus. 'bent.' (F.) Circonflexe. 
 Curved circularly. A name given to several 
 organs. 
 
 Circumflex or Artic'ular Ar'teries of the 
 arm are distinguished into anterior and ^josfe- 
 rior. They arise from the axillary, and are dis- 
 tributed around the shoulder. 
 
 Circumflex Arteries of the Thigh are dis- 
 tinguished into external and internal, — A. Sous- 
 trochanteriennes — Ch. They are given off from 
 the Profunda, and surround the head of the thigh 
 bone. 
 
 Circumflex Muscle, Circumflexus Ifus'culus, 
 Tensor Palu'ti, Peristaphyli'nus exter'nus vel in- 
 ferior, Ctrcumflex'us Pala'ti Mollis, Spheno-sal- 
 plucjo-staplnjli'nus seu StapJiyli'nus exter'nus, 
 Jfas'culus tubes novcB, Pala'to-salpiingeus, Pter'- 
 y(jo - staphyli'nus, Petro-saljnn'go - staphyli'nus, 
 tSpheno -piter'ygo -palati'nus, Salpinr/o - staphyW- 
 iiits, (F.) Palato-salpingien. A muscle, which 
 arises from the spinous process of the sphenoid 
 fc-tne. and is inserted into the velum pjendulum 
 palfUi. Its use is to stretch the velum. 
 
 CincuMFLEX Nerve. This arises from the 
 brachial plexus by a common trunk with the 
 lausculo-spiral nervo. It divides into numerous 
 branches, which arc distributed to the deltoid. 
 
 Circumflex Veixs follow the arteries. 
 
 CIRCUMFORANEUS, Charlatan. 
 
 CIRCUMFU'SA. Halle has thus designated 
 the first class of subjects that belong to Hygiene 
 — as atmosphere, climate, residence, Ac; in 
 short, every thing which acts constantly on man 
 externally and generally. 
 
 CIRCUMGYRATIO, Vertigo. 
 
 CIRCUMLIGATURA, Paraphimosis. 
 
 CIRCUMLIT"IO, from circumlino, 'I anoint 
 all over.' Perich'risis, Perichris'ton. A term 
 formerly used for liniments, but especially for 
 those applied to the ej'elids. 
 
 CIRCUMOSSALE, Periosteum. 
 
 CIR'CUMSCRIBED, Circumscrip'tus, {'E.)Cir- 
 conscrit. A term applied, in pathology, to tu- 
 mours, which are distinct at their base from the 
 surrounding parts. 
 
 CIRCL'MSECTIO, Circumcision. 
 
 CIRCUMVALLAT^ PAPILLA, see Papillse 
 of the Tongue. 
 
 CIRE JAUNE ET BLANCHE, Cera flava 
 et alba — c. des Oreilles, Cerumen. 
 
 CIRIOS, Circulus. 
 
 CUiON, Acarus, Psora. 
 
 CIRRHAGRA, Plica— c. Polonomm, Plica. 
 
 CIRRHON'OSUS; from icippo?, 'yellow,' and 
 vouoi, ' disease.' A disease of the foetus, in which 
 there is a yellow coloration of the serous mem- 
 branes. — Siebenhaar. 
 
 CHIRHOSE 1)V FOIE, Cirrhosis. 
 
 CIRRHO'SIS, Cirrhono' sis, KirrTiono'sis, from 
 Kippo(, 'yellow.' A yellow colouring matter, 
 sometimes secreted in the tissues, owing to a 
 morbid process. Also, called CirrJio'sis or Kir- 
 r ho' sis. 
 
 CiRRHo'sis Hep'atis, See Hepatatrophia. 
 Gran'ulated, grnn'ular, mam'millated, tuber'cu- 
 lated, and hob-nailed liver, (F.) Cirrhose du Foie. 
 It appears to be dependent upon repletion of the 
 terminal extremities of the biliary ducts with 
 bile, along with atrophy of the intervening pa- 
 renchyma. Hence the liver is smaller in size, or 
 atrophied. 
 
 Cirrhosis Hepatis, see Cirrhosis. 
 
 Cirrhosis of the Luxg, Cirrho'sis pnlmo'num^ 
 Dr. Corrigan has described a condition of the 
 lung under this name, the general character of 
 v,'hich he considers to be a tendency to consoli- 
 dation or contraction of the pulmonary tissue, 
 with dilatation of the bronchial tubes. 
 
 Cirrhosis Pulmoxum, C. of the Lung. 
 
 CIR'SIUM ARYEN'SE, Car'duus hemorrho- 
 'ida'lis, Ceano'thos, (F.) Chardon hemorrhoidal. 
 A common plant, used in France in the form of 
 cataplasm in hemorrhoids ; and worn as an 
 amulet. 
 
 CIRSIU:M JIACULATUM, Carduus marianus. 
 
 CIRSOCE'LE, Circoce'le, Cirsos'chevm, from 
 Kipcro;, 'varix,' and K17X77, 'hernia;' Yar'icose Her'- 
 nia. The greater jiart of authors have employed 
 the term synonymously with Varicocele. Pott 
 gives it a difierent signification. Varicocele, he 
 calls the tumour formed by the veins of the scro- 
 tum ; Circocele, Funic' ulus varico'sus, the vari- 
 cose dilatation of the spermatic veins. The scro- 
 tum feels as if it contained earthworms. It is 
 commonly an afi"eetion of no consequence, de- 
 manding merely the use of a suspensory bandage. 
 
 CIRSOi'DES, Cirso'des, from kiouos, 'varix,' 
 and ciSos, 'resemblance.' Varicose, or resembling 
 a varix. Rufus of Ephesus, according to James, 
 applies this term to the upper part of the brain, 
 as well as to the spermatic vessels. 
 
 CIRSOM'PHALL'S, from Kipaos, 'varix,' and 
 oiKpaXog, 'navel.' Varicose dilatation of the veins 
 surrounding the navel. The term has, likewise, 
 been applied to the aneurismal dilatation of the 
 arteries of that region ; called also, Varicomph'- 
 alus, (Y.) Hargne (uievrysmale, Aneurismul Hernia, 
 
CIRS OPHTHALMIA 
 
 2(19 
 
 CITRUS 
 
 CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA, Cirsophthal'miis, Te- 
 laiigiecta'sia oculi, from kl^gos, 'varix/ and o0- 
 Baifios, 'the eyej' Var'icose ophtlial'mia, Oph- 
 thalmia varico'sa, Varicos'itaa conjuncti'vcB. A 
 high degree of ophthalmia, in which the vessels 
 of the coniunctiva are considerably injected. 
 
 CIRSOSCHEUM, Cirsocele. 
 
 CIRSOT'OMY, Cirsotom'ia, from Kipaos, 'a 
 'varix,' and ro/ij?, 'an incision.' Any oijeration 
 for the removal of varices by incision. 
 
 CIRSUS, Varix. 
 
 CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE, from /cipo-oj, 'va- 
 rix,' 'v5ii>p, ' water,' oa')(eov, the ' scrotum.' Vari- 
 cocele with water in the scrotum. 
 
 CISEAUX, Scissors. 
 
 CISSA, Malacia. 
 
 CISSAMPELOS, Pareira brava. 
 
 Cissam'pelos Capejt'sis, Nat. Ord. Menisper- 
 maceas, grows in almost every mountainous part 
 of the Cape of Good Hope. The root is used 
 as an emetic and cathartic by the Boers. 
 
 CISSARUS, Cistus Creticus. 
 
 CISSI'NUM, from kkto-o?, 'ivy.' Name of a 
 plaster of ivy, used in wounds of the nerves or 
 tendons. — Paulus of iEgina. 
 
 CISSOIDES, Capreolaris. 
 
 CISSOS, Hedera helix. 
 
 CISTERN, LUMBAR, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CISTER'NA, from Kiarr,, (L.) Chta, 'a chest.' 
 (F.) Citerne. This term has been applied to va- 
 rious parts of the body, which serve as reservoirs 
 for diiferent fluids. The fourth ventricle of the 
 brain has been so called. — Arantius. 
 
 CisTERXA Chyli, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CISTHORUS, Cjstus Creticus. 
 
 CISTOCELE, Cyptocelc. 
 
 CISTUS CANADENSIS, Helianthemum Ca- 
 nadensis. 
 
 Cistus Cre'ticus, 0. salvifo'Uus seu tau'ricus, 
 Ci-^'thorua, Cis'sarus, Dorycin'ium, Gum Cistus. 
 Sex. Sysr. Polyandria Monogynia. The syste- 
 matic name of the plant whence the Lahda'num, 
 Lahda'men or Lnda'num, Gum'mi Lahda'num, is 
 obtained. Lada'niim is a gum-resinous substance, 
 of a very agreeable smell, found in the shops in 
 great masses. Its colour is blackish-green; taste, 
 warm and bitter. It is but little used now. For- 
 merly, it was a component of warm plasters, and 
 was prescribed internally as a stomachic. Lada- 
 num is also obtained from Cistus ladanif'erus, 
 and C. laurifo'lius. 
 
 CiSTTJS, Gujr, Cistus Creticus — e. Salvifolius, 
 C. Creticus — c. Tauricus, C. Creticus. 
 
 CITERNE L 0MB AIRE, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CITHARUS, Thorax. 
 
 CITRAGO, Melissa. 
 
 CITRARIA, Melissa. 
 
 CITRAS CHINICUS, Quinije citras. 
 
 CITREA MALUS, see Citrus medica. 
 
 CITREOLUS, Cucumis sativus. 
 
 CITRIC ACID, Acidum cit'ricum. Acid of Le- 
 mons, Ac"idum Limo'num, (F.) Acide citriqne. 
 This acid is found in the lemon, orange, &e. It 
 is in rhomboidal prisms, which slightly effloresce 
 on exposure to the air. It dissolves in a twelfth 
 part of its weight in boiling water, and has an 
 extremely acid but agreeable taste. It is em- 
 ployed in medicine as antiseptic, refrigerant and 
 diuretic. Rubbed up with sugar and with a little 
 of the essence of lemon, it forms the dry Lemon- 
 ade, (F.) Limonade alehe. 
 
 CITRINE OINTMENT, Unguentum hydrar- 
 gyri nitratis. 
 
 CITRON, see Citrus medica — c. Tree, see Ci- 
 trus medica. 
 
 GITRONELLE, Artemisia abrotanum, Me- 
 liiiBa. 
 
 U 
 
 CITRUL, SICILIAN, Cucurbita citruUus. 
 
 CITRULLUS, Cucurbita eitruUus. 
 
 CiTRULLUS Ama'rus. An African plant, Nat. 
 Ord. Cucurbitaceae, called by the Boers Bitter- 
 appel or Wild Watermelon, the pulp of which, 
 like that of colocynth, is a drastic cathartic. 
 
 CiTRULLUS CoLOCYNTHis, Cucumis colocynthis. 
 
 CITRUS, see Citrus medica — c. Acida, see 
 Lime. 
 
 CiTHUs Auean'tium. The systematic name«of 
 the Orange Tree, Auran'tium,- A. Sispalen'se, 
 Malus Auran'tia 31a jor. Mains Auran'tia, Auran'- 
 tinm vrdga're, Mains Auran'tia vnlga'ris, Ci'trvs 
 vulga'ris. Nat. Ord. Aurantiaceaj. Sex. Syst. 
 Polyadelphia Icosandria. The fruit are called 
 3Iala Au'rea, Chrysome'lia, Neran'tia, 3Iartia'na 
 Poma, Poma Auran'tia, Auran'tia Curassav'ica, 
 Poma Chinen'sia, Oranges. The Flowers of the 
 Orange, Flores NaphcB, are highly odoriferous, 
 and used as a perfume. On distillation, they 
 yield a small quantity of essential oil — O'leum 
 Auran'tii, Oleum vel Essen'tia Nero'li, — with 
 spirit and water, the Aqua Florwn Auran'tii, 
 Aqua aurantii, Orange-flower tcater. They were 
 once used in convulsive and epileptic cases. The 
 leaves, Fo'lia Auran'tii, have a bitterish taste, 
 and furnish an essential oil. They have been 
 used for the same purposes as the flowers. The 
 yellow rind of the fruit. Cortex Auran'tii, Orange 
 Peel, is an aromatic bitter, and is used in dys- 
 pepsia, and where that class of remedies is re- 
 quired. The Juice, Succua Auran'tii, Orange 
 juice, is a grateful acid, and used as a beverage 
 in febrile and scorbutic aiFections. 
 
 Citrus Bergamia, Citrus mella rosa — c. Li- 
 metta, see Citrus mella rosa. 
 
 Citrus Med'ica, C. Limo'num. The systematic 
 name of the Lemon Tree. The Lemon, Limo'num 
 malum, Limo'num Baccct^ Malus Med'ica, Malus 
 Limo'nia Ac"ida, Limon, Cit'rea Malus, Citrus, 
 (F.) Citron, Cedrat, has a fragrant odour, depend- 
 ing upon the essential oil, O'leum Limo'nis, of 
 the rind. The outer rind, Cortex Limo'num,. 
 Lemon Peel, Zest, Flave'do Cortieum Citri, is used 
 in the same cases as the Cortex Auran'tii. 
 
 The juice, Succua Limo'nis, (F.) Sue du Limon,. 
 Sue de Citron, is sharp, but gratefully acid, the 
 acidity depending upon the citric acid it con- 
 tains, and is given as a refrigerant beverage 
 in febrile afi'ections. In doses of half an ounce 
 to an ounce, three times a day, it has appeared 
 to exert a markedly sedative influence on the 
 cii-culation, and has been given, apparently with 
 benefit, in acvite rheumatism and rheumatic gout. 
 Alone, or combined with wine, it is prescribed in 
 scurvy, putrid sore throat, &c. Its general pro- 
 perties are refrigerant and antiseptic. Sweetened 
 and diluted, it forms Lemonade. Artificial lemon- 
 juice is made by dissolving an ounce of citric acid 
 in fourteen fluidounces of water; adding a few 
 drops of essence of lemon. 
 
 Lemonpeel tea, or water, is made by paring tho 
 rind of one lemon, previously rubbed with half au 
 ounce of sugar: the peelings and sugar are then 
 put into a jar, and a quart of boiling water iu 
 poured over them. When cold, the fluid must be 
 poured off, and a tablespoonful of lemon juice be 
 added. 
 
 It is an agreeable drink in fevers. 
 
 Cit'ron Tree is likewise considered to belong 
 to the same species — Cit'rus iled'ica. Its fruit 
 is called eedrome'la. It is larger and less succu- 
 lent than the lemon. Citron juice, when sweet- 
 ened with sugar, is called by the Italians Agro 
 di Cedro. 
 
 Citrus Mella Rosa of De Lamarck, another 
 
CITTA 
 
 210 
 
 CLAVUS 
 
 variety of Citrite Ifedica, affords the Bergamote, 
 as also do Citrus Limet'ta and 0. Berga'mia. 
 CiTRDS YuLGABis, Citrus aurantium. 
 CITTA, Malacia. 
 
 CITTARA, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 springs are in the Isle of Ischia, near the sea. 
 Tliay contain carbonate and sulphate of lime, and 
 chloride of sodium. Their temperature is 100° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 CITTOS, Hedera helix. 
 tJITTOSIS, Chlorosis, Malacia. 
 CIVETTA, Zib'ethum, Civ'et, (F.) Civette. An 
 unctuous perfume, of a very penetrating odour, 
 obtained from different mammalia of the Viver'ra 
 kind, particularly from Viver'ra civet'ta. It is 
 contained in a fold of the skin, situate between 
 the anus and the organs of generation. 
 CLABBER, Bonnyclabber. 
 CLABBERGRASS, Galium verum. 
 CLADES GLANDULARIA, Plague. 
 CLADISCOS, Ramusculus. 
 CLADONIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus. 
 Clado'nia Rangiper'rina. The ancients re- 
 garded this European plant as pectoral and sto- 
 machic. It enters into the composition of the 
 Poiidre de Ghypre. 
 CLADOS, Ramus. 
 
 CLADRAS'TIS TINCTO'RIA, Virgil' ia, Yel- 
 low Ash, Fustic Tree, Yellow Locust. An indi- 
 genous tree, which flourishes from Kentucky to 
 Alabama. The bark of the tree and the roots 
 are cathartic. 
 
 CLAIRET, Claret. 
 
 CLAIRVOYANCE (F.), 'Clear-seeing.' A 
 clearness of sight, said to be communicated by 
 animal magnetism, which not only enables the 
 magnetized persons to see in the dark, through 
 Btone walls, &c., but even to observe prospects, 
 whilst he may fancy he is flying in the air, which 
 he has never seen previously. It need hardly 
 be said, that the possession of such powers is 
 f'ibulous. 
 
 CLAMMY WEED, Polanisea graveolens. 
 CLAMOR, Cry. 
 CLANGOR, Oxyphonia. 
 CLAP, Gonorrhoaa impura. 
 GLAPIER (F.), A clapper, Latih'ulum, from 
 <\cT;Tav, 'to conceal.' A purulent /oi/er of dis- 
 ease ; concealed in the flesh or under the skin. 
 ■See Sinus. 
 
 CLAPWORT, Orobanche Americana. 
 CLAQUEMENT, Odontosynerismus. 
 CLAR'ET, {VinclairllY), Clare' turn, Vin de 
 Jiordeaux, (F.) Clairet. A pleasant French wine, 
 •which may be used whenever wine is required. 
 Also, a wine impregnated with spice and sugar, 
 called likewise Vinum Hippocraf'icum seu Medi- 
 ca'tum, Potus Hippocrat'icus, Hip'pocras, Hyp'- 
 ■pocras. Schroder speaks of a Clare' turn al'terans, 
 ■and a C. purgans. 
 
 'CLARETA, Albumen ovi. 
 CLARETUM, Claret. 
 
 CLARIFIC A'TION, Clarificn'tio, Bej^nra'tion, 
 from cZarws, 'clear,' and /«c('o, 'I make.' A phar- 
 maceutical operation, which consists in separating 
 from a liquid every insoluble substance, held in 
 Suspension by it, that affects its transparency. 
 Decanting and /Uteri ng are the operations neces- 
 sary for this purpose. 
 
 CLARY, COMMON, Salvia sclarea. 
 CLASIS, Fracture. 
 OLASMA, Fracture. 
 
 CLASS, Clas'eis, (F.) Claase. An assemblage 
 of a certain number of objects. In Natural His- 
 tory and in iVedioine, a group of objects or indi- 
 viduals having one or more common characters. 
 Xue ciaases are divided into orders, the orders 
 
 into genera, the genera into species, and these last 
 
 into varieties. 
 
 CLASSIFIC A'TION, Classifica'tio, from classie, 
 'a class,' and /((Cio, ' I make.' The formation of 
 classes. A methodical distribution of any objects 
 whatever into classes, orders, genera, species, and 
 varieties. See Nosography, and Nosology. 
 
 CLASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Classy 
 is near Laon in Picardy, France. The waters 
 are chalybeate. 
 
 CLAUDICATIO, Claudication — c. Anatica, 
 Vacillatio. 
 
 CLAUDICA'TION, Claudica'tio, from claudi- 
 care, ' to be lame.' The act of halting or limp- 
 ing. Lameness, Clau'ditas, Cholo'sis, Gholei'a, 
 Cholo'ma, (F.) Claudication, Boitement. This 
 condition does not constitute any special disease, 
 but is produced by different causes or affections. 
 It may be the result'of the shortening or elonga^ 
 tion of one of the lower limbs, of ankylosis of 
 the joints, palsy of the muscles, pain, &c. 
 CLAUDITAS, Claudication. 
 CLAUSTRUM GUTTURIS, Isthmus of the 
 fauces — c. Palati, Velum pendulum palati — c. 
 Virginitatis, Hymen. 
 
 CLAUSU'RA, from claudere, 'to shut.' An 
 imperforation of any canal or cavity. 
 
 Clausu'ra Uteri. Preternatural imperfora- 
 tion of the uterus. 
 
 CLAVA MYOSA, Acorus calamus. 
 CLAVALIER A FEUILL'ES BE FR&NE, 
 Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. 
 
 CLAVA'RIA CORALLOi'DES, GoraUdidcs 
 Fungus, Coralwort. Said to be corroborant and 
 astringent. A kind of clavaria, called (F.) Digital 
 blanc. Digital humain, Champignon de I'apimreil 
 des fractures, formed of digitations, grouped to- 
 gether, and two or three inches in length, is said 
 to have been often found, formerly at the HStel 
 Dieu of Paris, on the splints of white wood used in 
 thetreatmentoffractures, in autumn. — H.Cloquct. 
 CLAVATIO, Gomphosis. 
 CLA VEA U, Murr. 
 GLA VELEE, Murr. 
 
 CLAVES CALVA.RI^, Wormiana Ossa. 
 CLAVICLE, Clavic'ula, Clavis, Glavic'uhw, 
 Lig'ula, Fur'cula, Os Jug'%di, Jug'ubim, Cleis, 
 Clei'dion, from clavis, ' a key,' (F.) Glavicnle. 
 The collar-bone. The clavicle is shaped like tlie 
 letter S, and is placed transversely at the upper 
 part of the thorax. It is articulated, at one ex- 
 tremity, with the sternum ; at the other with the 
 acromion process of the scapula. It gives attach- 
 ment, above, to the Sterno-cleido niastoidcus ; hc- 
 loio, to the Subclavitis ; be/ore, to the Pectoralin 
 major and Deltoides ; and behind, to the Trape- 
 zius. It serves as a point of support for the 
 muscles of the arm, and protects the vessels and 
 nerves passing to that extremity. 
 
 The fibres, connecting the lamellaj or plates of 
 bones, have also been called Glavic'uli or Nails. 
 CLAVICULAR, Clavicxda'ris; same etymon. 
 Relating to the clavicle or collar-bone. 
 
 Clavicular Nerves, Nervi clavieula'ren. 
 Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are 
 distributed to the clavicular region. 
 CLA VICULE, Clavicle. 
 CLAVICULT, sec Clavicle. 
 CLAVIS, Clavicle, Key — c. Anglica, Key. 
 CLAVUS. A nail. Hclos, ^Gomphos, (F.) 
 Clmi. This word is employed in medicine in 
 various senses. It means, 1. A Corn, from its 
 resemblance to the head of a nail. 2. Certain 
 condyloraatous excrescences of the uterus. 3. A 
 callous tumour, which forms on the white of the 
 eye, and resembles a nail, the Claims Oc'nli, (F.) 
 Clou de I'veil. This last, by some, is considered 
 
CLEANSINGS 
 
 211 
 
 CLIMATE 
 
 to be synonymous with staphyloma ; by others, 
 mth staphyloma of the cornea. Also, the penis. 
 
 Clavus Hyster'icus, llonopa'gia, Monope'- 
 gia, (F.) Clou hysterique. An acute pain, con- 
 fined to a small point of the head, described by 
 the sick as resembling that which would be pro- 
 duced by a nail driven into the head. It has 
 been particularly noticed in hysterical females; — 
 hence its name. It is called Ovum hyster'icum, 
 when the pain occupies a greater extent. 
 
 Clavus Secalinus, Ergot — c. Secalis, Ergot — 
 c. Siliginis, Ergot. 
 
 CLEANSINGS, Lochia. 
 
 CLEAR-SEEING, Clairvoyance. 
 
 CLEARWEED, Pilea pumila. 
 
 CLEAVAGE; from Anglo-Saxon cleo):an, 'to 
 split.' The natural line of separation exhibited 
 by certain substances, as minerals, when sub- 
 jected to mechanical force. The term has been 
 applied to the separation of muscles into longitu- 
 dinal and circular striae, when mechanical violence 
 is used. 
 
 CLEAVERS, Galium aparine. 
 
 Cleavers' Bees, Galium aparine. 
 
 CLEAVEWORT, Galium verum. 
 
 CLEF DU CRANE, Wormianum os — e. de 
 Garengeot, Key — c. d Noix, see Key — c. d Pivot, 
 see Key — e. A Pompe, see Key. 
 
 CLEFT, Rima, see Monster — c. Palate, see 
 Harelip. 
 
 CLEIDAGRA, Cleisagra. 
 
 CLEIDION, Clavicle. 
 
 CLEIDO-COSTAL, Costo-clavicular. 
 
 CLEI'DO-MASTOi'DEUS. Albinus thus de- 
 signates the posterior portion of the sterno-cleido- 
 mastoideus, which he considers a separate muscle. 
 It has been corrupted into clino-mastoideus. 
 
 CLEIS, Clavicle, Key. 
 
 CLEIS'AGRA, Cleid'agra, from (cX«f, 'the 
 clavicle,' and aypa, ' a seizure.' Gout in the 
 clavicle. — A. Pare. 
 
 CLEMATIS DAPHNOIDES MAJOR, Vinca 
 minor — e. Corymbosa, C. erecta. 
 
 Clem'atis Erect' a, C. recta seu flam'mula 
 seu corymbo'sa, Clemati'tis erec'ta, Flani'mula 
 Jovis, Ifpright Virgin's Bower, (F.) Clematite 
 droite. Family, Ranunculaeeas. Sex. Syst. Po- 
 lyandria Polygynia. The leaves contain an acrid 
 principle. They have been esteemed anti-vene- 
 real ; and, in the form of powder, have been used 
 SIS an escharotic. 
 
 Clematis Flammctla, C. erecta — c. Recta, C. 
 erecta — c. Sepium, c. Vitalba. 
 
 Clejiatis Vital'ba, C. se'pinm seu sylves'tris, 
 Vital'ba, Vior'na, Atra'gene, Trav'eller's Joy, 
 Common Virgin's Bower, (F.) Clematite, Herhe 
 aux giieux, Aubevigne. It has been used in the 
 same cases as the former. In infusion it has 
 been applied in cases of itch. 
 
 The leaves of Clematis Crispa — c. Flaumula, 
 moeet- scented Virgin's bower — c. Virgin'ica, 
 common Virgin's bower — and c. ViORNA, Lea- 
 ther-flower, have similar properties. 
 
 CLEMATITE, Clematis vitalba — c. Droite, 
 Clematis recta. 
 
 Clematitis Erecta, Clematis erecta. 
 
 CLEO'NIS COLLYR'IUM. a collyrium de- 
 scribed by Celsus, composed of equal parts of 
 - Samian earth, niyrrh, and thus, mixed with white 
 of egg. 
 
 Cleoxis Glute:;?. An astringent formula of 
 myrrh, frankincense, and white of egg. 
 
 CLEP'SYDRA, from /cXsttto), 'I conceal,' and 
 'uSiop, 'water.' An instrument contrived by Pa- 
 racelsus to convey fumigation to the uterus. 
 
 CLEPTOMANIA, Kleptomania. 
 
 CLBVES, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 
 spring is a quarter of a league from Cleves, in 
 Westphalia. It contains carbonate and sulphate 
 of iron. 
 
 CLIFFORT'IA ILICIPO'LIA. Nat. Ord. 
 Rosaeese. A common South African plant, used 
 by the Boers as an emollient expectorant in ca- 
 tarrh. 
 
 CLIFTON, CLIMATE OP. The vicinity of 
 Clifton and of Bristol, England, appears to be 
 the mildest and driest climate in the west of 
 England ; and, consequently, the best winter re- 
 sidence, in that part of the country, for invalids. 
 It is, also, a favourable summer climate, and is 
 surrounded by numerous places of agreeable re- 
 sort, suited for those who may pass the season 
 there. 
 
 For the mineral waters of Clifton, see Bristol 
 Hot Well. 
 
 CLIGNEMENT, Nictation, Scardamygmus. 
 
 CLIGNOTEMENT, Nictation. 
 
 CLIMA, Climate. 
 
 CLIMACTERIC, Olimacter'icus, Climater'i- 
 cus, from K\tiiaKT>]p, 'a step.' (F.) CUmacterique 
 ou Climaterique. A word, which properly signi- 
 fies ' by degrees.' It has been applied to certain 
 times of life, regarded to be critical. 
 
 At present, the word Climacteric is chiefly ap- 
 plied to certain periods of life, at which great 
 changes occur, independently of any numerical 
 estimate of years. Such are the period of pu- 
 berty in both sexes : that of the cessation of tho 
 menses in women, &,c. . 
 
 Climacteric Years, Anni CUmacfer'iei, are, 
 according to some, all those in the life of man, 
 which are multiples of the number 7, Septen'ni- 
 ads. Others have applied the term to years, re- 
 sulting from the multiplication of 7 by an odd 
 number. Some have admitted only three cli- 
 macterics ; others, again, have extended them to 
 multiples of 9. Most, however, have considered 
 the 63d year as the Grand Climacteric ; — 63 
 being the product of the multiplication of 7 by 
 9, and all have thought that the period of three, 
 seven, or nine, which they respectively adopted, 
 was necessary to the entire renewal of the body ; 
 so that there was, at these times, in the economy, 
 none of the parts of which it had previously con- 
 sisted. The climacteric years have also been 
 culled, (Anni) hebdomad'ici, scala'res, grada'rii, 
 scan' siles, genethlia^i, nataUt"ii, fata'les, crit'ici, 
 decreto'rii, hero'ici, &c. All the notions on the 
 subject are essentially allied to the doctrine of 
 numbers of Pythagoras. 
 
 CLIMATE, Clima, Inclina'tio cxli, (F.) Cli- 
 mat, Gr. xXi^/a, 'a region.' In geography, the 
 word climate is applied to a space on the terres- 
 trial globe, comprised between two circles paral- 
 lel to the equator, and arbitrarily measured ac- 
 cording to the length of the days. In a hygienic 
 point of view, we understand by climate, since 
 Hippocrates, a country or region, which may 
 differ from another in respect to season, qualities 
 of the soil, heat of atmosphere, &o. Climate, in- 
 deed, embraces, in a general manner, all the 
 physical circumstances belonging to each region, 
 — circumstances which exert considerable influ- 
 ence on living beings. The dark complexion 
 of the inhabitants of the torrid zone is easily 
 distinguishable from the paleness of those of 
 the frigid, — so are the diseases. They are all 
 modified, more or less, by climate or locality. 
 Hot climates predispose to abdominal complica- 
 tions in febrile affections ; cold climates to tho- 
 racic, &c. 
 
 One of the most important considerations with 
 regard to climates is their comparative fitness for 
 the residence of invalids, and especially of thoso 
 
CLIMATE 
 
 212 
 
 CLIMATE 
 
 wto are liable to, or suffering under catarrhal or 
 consumptive affections. The great object, in 
 such cases, is to select a climate which will ad- 
 mit of regular and daily exercise in the open air, 
 so that the invalid may derive every advantage 
 which this form of revulsion is capable of effect- 
 ing. To an inhabitant of the northern and mid- 
 dle portions of the United States — and the same 
 applies to Great Britain, France, and the north- 
 ern parts of the old world — a more southern cli- 
 mate alone affords these advantages in an emi- 
 nent degree. During the summer months, there 
 are few, if any, diseases, which require a milder 
 climate than that of the United States, or of the 
 mUder districts of Europe. The temperature of 
 the winter months is, consequently, the most im- 
 portant object of attention. Equability of tem- 
 perature is essential, inasmuch as all sudden 
 changes interfere with the great desideratum — 
 exercise in the open air. In the whole continent 
 of North America the changes are very sudden 
 and extensive. It is not uncommon for the range 
 to be 40°, between two successive days. So far, 
 therefore, as this applies, the American climate 
 is not well adapted to the invalid. In the 
 Bouthern portions, however, of the Union, this 
 
 objection is counterbalanced by many adTan- 
 
 tages. 
 
 The following tables exhibit the mean tempe- 
 rature of the year, and of the different seasons — 
 with the mean temperature of the warmest and 
 coldest months at different places in America, 
 Europe, Africa, &e., as deduced from the excel- 
 lent paper of Von Humboldt on Isothermal Lines, 
 the Meteorological Registers kept by the surgeons 
 of the United States army, the work of Sir James 
 Clark on Climate, &c. 
 
 Certain of the tables show the mean monthly 
 temperature, maximum, minimum and range, as 
 well as the greatest daily, and mean daily range 
 during the corresponding months — but of diffe- 
 rent years — at some of the prominent retreats for 
 the valetudinarian in Great Britain, on the con- 
 tinent of Europe, and in the African islands. It 
 is proper, however, to remark, that in no situa- 
 tions, except in those to which an asterisk is 
 affixed, was the register thermometer used. In 
 the others, the observations were made during 
 the day only, and consequently the numbers 
 given are far below the real range throughout 
 the twenty four hours. The places are ranged in 
 the order of their mean temperature. 
 
 Table of 
 
 Maxim xj SI 
 
 , MisiMUJi, Aio) Range 
 
 OF Temperattiee. 
 
 
 
 
 Places. 
 
 December. 
 
 JiNHARY. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Range 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Range 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Range 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Range 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Ranje 
 
 
 54 
 56 
 56 
 57 
 69 
 60 
 61 
 68 
 
 26 
 34 
 26 
 32 
 40 
 31 
 34 
 62 
 
 29 
 22 
 31 
 25 
 19 
 29 
 27 
 16 
 
 47 
 54 
 56 
 53 
 58 
 68 
 68 
 69 
 
 21 
 
 28 
 21 
 
 27 
 27 
 29 
 29 
 50 
 
 26 
 26 
 35 
 26 
 31 
 29 
 29 
 19 
 
 62 
 66 
 60 
 66 
 58 
 60 
 60 
 68 
 
 27 
 33 
 35 
 30 
 37 
 33 
 31 
 61 
 
 26 
 
 22 
 26 
 26 
 21 
 27 
 29 
 17 
 
 66 
 
 59 
 66 
 58 
 65 
 65 
 69 
 69 
 
 26 
 34 
 35 
 35 
 41 
 37 
 38 
 51 
 
 30 
 26 
 30 
 23 
 24 
 28 
 31 
 18 
 
 60 
 
 62 
 71 
 
 64 
 69 
 
 74 
 
 78 
 72 
 
 31 
 36 
 43 
 41 
 46 
 44 
 43 
 55 
 
 29 
 26 
 
 28 
 23 
 23 
 30 
 35 
 17 
 
 
 Pau 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Table of Mean Tempeeattire. 
 
 Places. 
 
 ■ 
 December. 
 
 January. 
 
 . February. 
 
 March. 
 
 ApytL. 
 
 
 43.00 
 46.60 
 41 .53 
 46,00 
 
 48 .60 
 
 49 .62 
 50.60 
 60 60 
 
 36.30 
 43.00 
 38 .89 
 42.00 
 45.85 
 47.65 
 46.50 
 59 .50 
 
 42.00 
 44.50 
 44.96 
 46 .00 
 49 .00 
 49 .45 
 48 .50 
 58 .50 
 
 45 .00 
 46.50 
 46.80 
 47 .00 
 
 51 .45 
 
 52 .06 
 52 .00 
 61 . 06 
 
 61. 00 
 48 . 60 
 65. 79 
 53. 00 
 57. 00 
 66 . 40 
 67.00 
 62 .50 
 
 
 Pau 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Table of Daily Range of Tempeeattire. 
 
 Places. 
 
 December. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 
 ■s Wl 
 
 
 
 s a 
 
 o 
 
 -a ^ 
 
 
 
 "^ ID 
 
 |i 
 
 
 3 
 7 
 9 
 6 
 9 
 9 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 15 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 11 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 16 
 14 
 17 
 
 6 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 18 
 19 
 13 
 
 8 
 9 
 14 
 9 
 12 
 11 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 19 
 
 18 
 14 
 
 9 
 8 
 14 
 11 
 13 
 14 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 20 
 20 
 13 
 
 
 Pau 
 
 
 
 
 
 Marleira* 
 
CLIMATE 
 
 213 
 
 CLIMATE 
 
 1. AMERICA, Ac. 
 
 Places. 
 
 Mean tem- 
 perature of 
 several 
 
 Mean temperature of different 
 
 Mean teroperature of 
 
 Winter. 
 
 Spring. Summer 
 
 Mitumn. 
 
 Nain 
 
 Fort Brady, Mich. . . 
 
 Quebec, L. C 
 
 Eastport, Me 
 
 Fort Howard, Mich. 
 Fort Crawford, Miss. 
 Cambridge, Mass.. . . 
 Council Bluffs, Miss. 
 
 Newport, E,. I 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 New York 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Monticello, Va. 
 
 Washington, D. C... 
 
 Smithville, N. C 
 
 Charleston, S. C 
 
 Natchez, Miss 
 
 Pensacola, Flor 
 
 St. Augustine, do. . . 
 Tampa Bay, do... 
 
 Vera Cruz. 
 Havana . . 
 
 Bahamas 
 
 Barbadoes 
 Cumana . . 
 
 57°,08' 
 46 .39 
 46. 47 
 44 .54 
 44 .40 
 43 .03 
 42 .21 
 41 .25 
 41 .30 
 
 39 .56 
 
 40 .40 
 39 .06 
 
 37 .58 
 
 38 .53 
 34 .00 
 32 .47 
 31 .34 
 30 .28 
 29 .48 
 27 .57 
 
 19 .11 
 
 23 .10 
 
 26 .40 
 to 
 
 27 .5 
 13 .10 
 10 .27 
 
 26°.42' 
 41 .37 
 
 41 .74 
 
 42 .44 
 
 44 .60 
 
 45 .52 
 50 .36 
 
 50 .82 
 
 51 .02 
 53 .42 
 53 .78 
 53 .78 
 55 .40 
 55 .56* 
 58 .88 
 60 .18 
 64 .76 
 68 .77t 
 72 .23 
 72 .37 
 
 77 .72 
 
 78 .08 
 
 78 .3* 
 
 79 .3 
 
 81 .86 
 
 0°.60 
 14 .09 
 14 .18 
 23 .44 
 20 .82 
 23 .76 
 33 .98 
 27 .38 
 33 .82 
 32 .18 
 29 .84 
 32 .90 
 37 .67 
 36 .80 
 53 .44 
 61 .09 
 48 .66 
 55 .13 
 69 .29 
 61 .24 
 
 71 .96 
 71 .24 
 
 71. 
 
 76 .7 
 80 .24 
 
 23°.60 
 
 37 .89 
 
 38 .04 
 38 .58 
 41 .40 
 43 .09 
 47 .66 
 46 .38 
 46 .87 
 51 .44 
 51 .26 
 54 .14 
 64 .67 
 53 .83 
 
 64 .76 
 66 .73 
 
 65 .48 
 69 .67 
 
 71 .47 
 
 72 .93 
 
 77 .90 
 
 78 .98 
 
 77. 
 
 19. 
 
 83 .66 
 
 48°.38 
 61 .83 
 68 .00 
 60 .54 
 
 68 .70 
 
 69 .78 
 
 70 .70 
 
 72 .84 
 68 .70 
 
 73 .94 
 
 79 .16 
 
 72 .86 
 
 73 .33 
 75 .90 
 
 80 .46 
 80 .89 
 
 79 .16 
 82 .57 
 
 82 .73 
 
 80 .14 
 
 81 .50 
 
 83 .30 
 
 83. 
 
 81. 
 
 82 .04 
 
 33°.44 
 43 .94 
 46 .04 
 45 .43 
 
 45 .18 
 
 46 .74 
 49 .82 
 48 .60 
 53 .83 
 66 .48 
 64 .60 
 64 .86 
 66 .60 
 
 66 .69 
 
 68 .15 
 
 67 .65 
 66 .02 
 
 69 .05 
 75 .15 
 75 .26 
 
 78 .62 
 78 .98 
 
 80. 
 
 80. 
 80 .24 
 
 61°.80 
 
 62 .87 
 73 .40 
 
 63 .62 
 
 73 .67 
 
 71 .34 
 
 72 .86 
 75 .92 
 71 .46 
 77 .00 
 80 .78 
 
 74 .30 
 
 75 .00 
 79 .13 
 82 .93 
 
 82 .81 
 
 79 .70 
 
 83 .65 
 83 .94 
 
 80 ,72 
 
 81 .86 
 
 83 .84 
 
 90. 
 
 84 .38 
 
 11°.20 
 
 12 .66 
 
 13 .81 
 20 .91 
 17 .95 
 20 .14 
 
 29 .84 
 27 .19 
 32 .14 
 32 .72 
 25 .34 
 
 30 .20 
 36 .00 
 34 .66 
 50 .69 
 49 .43 
 46 .94 
 63 .80 
 66 .60 
 
 68 .70 
 
 71 .06 
 
 69 .98 
 
 64. 
 
 79 .16 
 
 St. Louis, Missouri, Lat. 38° 46'. Mean temp. 55° .86. New Harmony, Lat. 38° 11'. Mean temp. 56° .74 
 New Orleans, Lat. 30°. Mean temp. 69° .01. Baton Rotige, Lat. 30° .26'. Mean temp. 6§° .07. 
 Jamaica, coast. Mean temp. 80° .6. 
 
 2. EUROPE, AFRICA, &c. 
 
 Places. 
 
 Latitude. 
 
 Mean tem- 
 perature of 
 several 
 years. 
 
 Mean temperature of different seasons. 
 
 Winter. 
 
 Spring. Summer. Autumn 
 
 Mean temperature of 
 
 Wa 
 
 Genera 
 
 Gosport 
 
 Newport, Isle of Wight 
 
 Sidmouth 
 
 Penzance 
 
 XJndercliff 
 
 Bute 
 
 Cove of Cork 
 
 Jersey 
 
 Paris 
 
 Pau 
 
 Sienna 
 
 Nantes 
 
 Bordeaux 
 
 Montpellier 
 
 Avignon 
 
 Florence 
 
 Nice 
 
 Marseilles 
 
 Toulon 
 
 Leghorn 
 
 Genoa 
 
 Pisa 
 
 Rome 
 
 Naples 
 
 St. Michaels, Azores. 
 Cadiz 
 
 Madeira, Funchal. . . . 
 Algiers 
 
 Canaries, Santa Cruz. 
 Cairo 
 
 48°.12' 
 
 48 .1 
 50 .40 
 
 52 .11 
 
 50 .52 
 55 .42 
 
 51 .54 
 
 49 .13 
 48 .50 
 43 .7 
 
 43 .24 
 47 .13 
 
 44 .50 
 43 .36 
 
 43 .46 
 43 .42 
 43 .17 
 43 .07 
 
 43 .33 
 
 44 .25 
 43 .43 
 41 .53 
 40 .54 
 37 .47 
 36 .32 
 
 32 .37 
 
 36 .48 
 
 28 .28 
 
 30 .02 
 
 49°.28' 
 
 50 .24^ 
 61 .00 
 52 .10 
 
 51 .80 
 51 .11 
 57 .00 
 48 .25 
 61 .68 
 
 63 .06 
 61 .08 
 
 54 .95 
 65 .60 
 
 55 .62t 
 
 56 .48 
 
 67 .60 
 
 68 .20 
 
 69 .00 
 69 .48 
 69 .50t 
 
 59 .90 
 
 60 .00« 
 60 .37 
 60 .60 
 
 60 .40 
 
 61 .40 
 
 62 .40 
 62 .88 
 
 64 .56 
 
 69 .98 
 
 70 .94 
 72 .32 
 
 London, Lat. 51° .30'. Mean temp. 50° .36. 
 Perpignan, Mean temp. 59° .54. 
 Nismes, Mean temp. ()0° .26. 
 
 34°.70 
 40 .44 
 40 .31 
 40 .43 
 44 .03 
 
 42 .14 
 
 40 .11 
 
 39 .62 
 
 43 .90 
 
 43 .82 
 38 .66 
 
 41 .79 
 
 40 .50 
 
 42 .23 
 42 .08 
 
 44 .20 
 
 42 .60 
 
 44 .30 
 
 47 .82 
 
 45 .60 
 
 43 .30 
 
 46 .30 
 
 44 .57 
 46 .03 
 
 45 .86 
 
 48 .60 
 67 .83 
 52 .90 
 
 69 .50 
 61 .52 
 64 .65 
 58 .46 
 
 47°.66 
 47 .63 
 49 .00 
 
 60 .66 
 49 .63 
 29 .26 
 
 45 .77 
 
 46 .66 
 
 49 .43 
 
 50 .97 
 49 .28 
 
 64 .96 
 54 .10 
 63 .10 
 
 56 .46 
 63 .33 
 
 57 .13 
 56 .00 
 
 56 .23 
 67 .66 
 63 .70 
 
 57 .60 
 
 58 .60 
 67 .20 
 
 67 .74 
 
 58 .50 
 
 61 .17 
 
 59 .53 
 
 62 .20 
 
 65 .66 
 
 68 .87 
 73 .68 
 
 64°.94 
 
 62 .00 
 
 63 .09 
 
 63 .83 
 60 .70 
 60 .28 
 
 60 .46 
 68 .02 
 
 61 .26 
 
 62 .84 
 
 64 .58 
 
 67 .41 
 70 .80 
 70 .73 
 
 70 .88 
 
 71 .30 
 74 .66 
 74 .00 
 
 72 .26 
 72 .50 
 74 .30 
 74 .10 
 
 74 .03 
 76 .15 
 
 75 .20 
 70 .83 
 
 68 .33 
 70 .43 
 
 69 .33 
 80 .24 
 
 76 .68 
 86 .10 
 
 50°.00 
 
 50 .88 
 
 51 .63 
 53 .60 
 
 53 .36 
 
 52 .76 
 61 .00 
 48 .59 
 51 .73 
 
 54 .63 
 51 .44 
 
 55 .64 
 57 .10 
 
 56 .41 
 56 .30 
 61 .30 
 69 .00 
 
 60 .70 
 
 61 .63 
 60 .08 
 69 .00 
 
 62 .00 
 62 .94 
 62 .80 
 62 .78 
 
 64 .60 
 62 .33 
 
 65 .35 
 
 67 .23 
 72 .50 
 74 .17 
 71 .42 
 
 66°.56 
 
 34°.16 
 
 65 .30 
 
 70 .52 
 73 .04 
 
 36 .14 
 
 39 .02 
 41 .00 
 
 77 .00 
 
 82 .76 
 85 .82 
 
 42 .26 
 
 60 .08 
 56 .12 
 
 Environs of London, Mean temp. 48° .81. 
 Lyons, Mean temp. 55° .76. 
 
CLIMATERIC 
 
 214 
 
 CLONUS 
 
 In the United States, the most favourable re- 
 gion for the phthisical invalid is that of Florida, 
 — especially of Pensacola. St. Augustine is fre- 
 quently chosen, but it is liable to north-east 
 storms, which interfere with the out-door move- 
 Ujents of the valetudinarian, and are the source 
 of much discomfort. Still, great benefit has often 
 been derived from it as a winter retreat. Of the 
 Atlantic Isles, Madeira appears to be best adapted 
 for the consumptive, and those affected with 
 chronic bronchitis. In Italy, Rome, and Pisa, — 
 and in England, Torquay and UnderclifF, are to 
 be preferred. Chronic rheumatism and gout are 
 benefited by a warm climate, which, again, is un- 
 favourable to those who are predisposed to cere- 
 bral diseases, especially to such as are charac- 
 terized by debility and mobility of the nervous 
 system — as paralysis, epilepsy, mania, &c. Hypo- 
 chondriasis and dyspepsia require rather change 
 of climate and travelling exercise than a sojourn 
 in any one. (See the Author's Human Health, 
 Philad. 1844.) 
 
 For the mortality of different countries and 
 cities, see Mortality. 
 
 CLIMATERIC, Climacteric. 
 
 CLIMATIC, Ciimat'icus. Belonging to, or 
 dependent upon climate. 
 
 Climatic Diseases, l/orii climat'iei, are such 
 as are caused by climate. 
 
 CLIMBER, WOODY, Ampelopsis quinque- 
 folia. 
 
 CLINE, kA(v)7, 'abed.' Hence: 
 
 CLINIATER, Clinical physician. 
 
 CLINIATRIA, Clinical medicine. 
 
 CLINIATRUS, Clinical physician. 
 
 CLINIC, see Clinique. 
 
 CLINICA, Clinical medicine. 
 
 CLIN'ICAL, Clin'icus, (F.) Olinique, from 
 k\iv7], 'a bed.' Relating to a bed. 
 
 Clinical Lecture, (F.) Le(}on Clinique. One 
 given at the bed-side, or on a particular case or 
 cases. 
 
 Clinical Med'icine, Cliniatri'a, Clin'ica,Clin'- 
 ice, (F.) Medecine clinique. That which is occu- 
 pied with the investigation of diseases at the 
 bed-side, or individually. 
 
 Clinical Physician, CUnia'ter, Clinia'trtw. 
 One who teaches clinical medicine. 
 
 CLINICE, Clinical medicine. 
 
 CLINIC UM, Clinique. 
 
 CLINIQUE {^.), Clinical. Clinique,Clin'icum, 
 is also used substantively, for Ecole Clinique or 
 Clinical School: a school in which medicine is 
 taught by examining diseases on the patients 
 themselves. Thus, the French say, — La Clinique 
 de la Charite : " The Clinical School of the Hos- 
 pital La Charite." The term has been intro- 
 duced into this country, and anglicised Clinic. 
 
 CLINODES, Clinoid. 
 
 CLINOID, ClinoVdes, Clino'des, ClinoVdeus, 
 from kXivti, 'a bed,' and u&os, 'form.' Resem- 
 bling a bed. 
 
 Clinoid Proc"esses, CF.) Apophyses clinoides, 
 are four processes at the upper surface of the 
 sphenoid bone, which have been compared to the 
 posts of a bed. On them the pituitary gland 
 rests. They are divided into anterior and poste- 
 rior. Each of the anterior terminates in a point 
 called Transverse Spinous Process, 
 . CLINOIDEUS, Clinoid. 
 
 CLINOPODIA, Thymus mastichina. 
 
 CLINOPODIUM ARVENSE, C. vulgare — 
 c. Majus, C. vulgare. 
 
 Clinopo'dium Vulga're, from k^ivt], 'a bed,' 
 and TTovs, ' foot,' so called from the shape of its 
 flowers, Clinopodiiim arven'se seu majus, Oc"y- 
 tnum sylcestre, Thymus sylvat'icus, Wild Basil, 
 (F.) Grand Basilic sauvage. A European plant. 
 
 which was formerly considered to be an antidote 
 to the bites of venomous animals, to facilitate 
 labour, relieve strangury, stop diarrhoea, <fec. 
 
 CLIQUETIS, Crepitation. 
 
 CLISEOM'ETER, Clisiom'eter, from kIicis, 
 'inclination,' and ixcrpov, 'a measure.' An in- 
 strument, intended to measure the degree of in- 
 clination of the pelvis and to determine the rela- 
 tion between the axis of the pelvis and that of 
 the body. — Osiander, Stein. 
 
 CLITBUR, Arctium lappa. 
 
 CLITORICARCINO'MA, from KXetTopis, ' cli- 
 toris,' and KapKiviajxa, ' cancer.' Cancer of the 
 clitoris. 
 
 CLITORIDES INFERIORES LATI ET 
 PLANI MUSCULI, Constrictores cunni. 
 
 CLIT'ORIS, from KXrjTbiQ, 'a servant who in- 
 vites guests.' (?) Bulce'do Amor'is, Vemis, 3fyr- 
 ton, Murton, Murium, OEstrum, Penis mulie'brin 
 seu fcemineus, Men'tula midie'hris, 3Ienihriim 
 mulie'hre, Sui^erla'hia, Cerco'sis, JJypoder'mis, 
 Nymjiha, Nymphe, Epider'rhis, Libi'dinis Sedes, 
 Tunic'ula, Crista. A small, round organ, situato 
 at the upper part of the vulva, and separated by 
 a small space from the anterior commissure of 
 the labia. Its base is surrounded by a slight fold, 
 similar to the prepuce ; and it is, internally, of 
 the same structure as the corpora cavernosa, penis. 
 The artery of the clitoris, (F.) A. Clitorienne, is 
 a branch of the internal pudic. The vein com- 
 municates with the internal pudic, and the nerve 
 with the pudic. 
 
 CLIT'ORISM, Clitoris'mug. A word, invented 
 to express the abuse made of the clitoris. Also, 
 an unusually large clitoris, Cerco'sis extern' a seu 
 Clitor'idis, Cauda'tio. 
 
 CLITORI'TIS, Clitoriti'tis, from xXtiropi?, 
 ' clitoris,' and itis, 'denoting inflammation.' In- 
 flammation of the clitoris. 
 
 CLITORITITIS, Clitoritis. 
 
 CLITORIUM, Vulva. 
 
 CLOA'CA, (F.) Cloaque, from k^v^w, 'Iwash.' 
 The pouch at the extremity of the intestinal ca- 
 nal, in which the solid and liquid excretions are 
 commingled in birds, fish and reptiles. In the 
 male, it gives exit to the excrements, sperm and 
 urine : in the female, to the eggs, fscal matters, 
 and urine. 
 
 CLOANX, Orpiment. 
 
 CLOAQUE, Cloaca. 
 
 CLOCHE, (F.) A popular expression in 
 France for a blister or other vesicle. 
 
 CL 1 S N, Septum — c. des Fosses nasales, 
 Septum narium — c. Transparente, Septum lu- 
 cidum. 
 
 CLONIC, Clon'icvs, from k\ovo;, 'agitation,' 
 'motion.' (F.) Clonique. Irregular convulsive 
 motions. Convulsion with alternate relaxation; 
 in contradistinction to tonic, which signifies a 
 constant rigidity; — Clonus, Clon'ici partia'lea. 
 
 Clonic Spasm, see Spasm. 
 
 CLONICI UNIA^'ERSALES, Synelonus. 
 
 CLONIQUE, Clonic. 
 
 CLONIS. Sacrum. 
 
 CLONISM, Clonis'mus ; same etymon. Clonic 
 spasm. — Baumes. 
 
 CLONO'DES, from /cXoi'of, 'agitation,' and 
 ci(5os, 'resemblance.' Convulsive. Galen applies 
 this term to the pulse, when convulsive, as it 
 were, and unequal. He compares the sensation 
 it communicates to the finger to that produced 
 by a bundle of sticks or rods in vibration. 
 
 CLONOS EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy— c. Hydrt,. 
 phobia. Hydrophobia. 
 
 CLONUS, Synelonus — c. Nictitntio, Nictation 
 — c. Palpitatio, Palpitation — c. Pnndiculatio, Pan- 
 diculation — c. Pandiculatio maxillarum. Yawning 
 
CLOPEMANIA 
 
 215 
 
 COALITION 
 
 — c. Singultus, Singultus — e. Sternutatio, Sneez- 
 ing — c. Subsultus, Subsultus tendinum. 
 
 CLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania. 
 
 GLOPORTES ORDINAIRES, Onisci aselli. 
 
 CLOSE-STOOL, Lasanum. 
 
 CLOT, Coagulum — c. of Blood, see Blood. 
 
 CLOTBUR, Xanthium. 
 
 CLOTHING, Vestitus. 
 
 CLOTTY, Grumo'sus, (F.) Grumeleux. Com- 
 posed of clots. 
 
 CLOU, Clavus, Furun cuius — c. Hystirique, 
 Clavus hystericus — c. de I'CEil, Clavus oculi. 
 
 CLOUDBERRIES, Rubus chamsemorus. 
 
 CLOUDBERRY TREE, Rubus chamsemo- 
 rus. 
 
 CLOVE, see Eugenia caryophyllata — e. Bark, 
 see Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Pink, Dianthus 
 caryophyllus — c. July flower, Dianthus caryo- 
 phyllus. 
 
 CLUBFEET, Kyllosis. 
 
 CLUBMOSS, Lycopodium — c. Common, Ly- 
 copodium complanatum — c. Fir, Lycopodium 
 selago — c. Upright, Lycopodium selago. 
 
 CLUNES, Nates. 
 
 CLUNE'SIA, from dunes, 'the nates.' Proc- 
 talgia, Procti'tis. An inflammation of the but- 
 tocks. — Vogel. 
 
 CLUNIS, Sacrum. 
 
 CLUPEA THRYSSA. The Yellow-biUed 
 Sprat; a very poisonous fish of the West Indies. 
 
 CLUTIA ELUTERIA, Croton cosoarilla. 
 
 CLYDON, Flatulence. 
 
 CLYPEALIS (Cartilago.) Thyroid cartilage. 
 
 CLYSANTLIUM, Syringe, Clyster. 
 
 CLYSIS, Chjsmus. Same etymon as clyster. 
 The application of a clyster. Washing out by 
 means of a clyster. 
 
 CLYSMA, Clysis, Clyster, Enema— c. Toni- 
 eum. Enema fcetidum. 
 
 CLYSMA'TION, same etymon as clyster. A 
 diminutive of clvsma. A small clyster. 
 
 CLYSMUS, Clysis, Enema. 
 
 GLYSOIRE, (F.) An apparatus for adminis- 
 tering enemata, consisting of along funnel-shaped 
 tube of elastic gum, furnished with a pipe at the 
 apex. 
 
 GLYSOPOMPE, Syringe, Clyster. 
 
 CLYSTER, Glyste'rium, Clysma, Enclys'ma, 
 Glysmus, En'ema, Lavamen' turn, from kXvI^hv, 'to 
 vrash.' (F.) Glystere, Lavement, Remede. A li- 
 quid, thrown into the large intestines by means 
 of a syringe, or bladder and pipe properly pre- 
 pared, &c. ; the nozzle of the syringe or pipe 
 being introduced into the anus. See Enema. 
 
 Clyster, Anodyne, Enema anodynum — c. 
 Common, Enema commune — c. Domestic, Enema 
 commune — c. Fetid, Enema fcetidum — c. Pipe, 
 Elasma — c. Purging, Enema catharticum — c. 
 Starch and opium, Enema anodynum — c. Tobac- 
 co, Enema tabaci — c. Turpentine, Enema tere- 
 binthinse — ^c. Uterinus, Sparallium. 
 
 GL YSTERE, Enema. 
 
 CNEME, Leg, Tibia. 
 
 CNEMODACTYL^US, Extensor communis 
 digitorum pedis. 
 
 CNEMOLORDO'SIS, from KWjir,, 'the leg,' 
 and Xop^uai;, 'the state of being bent forward.' 
 Bending of the leg forward. 
 
 CNEkOSCOLIO'SIS, from kvvihv, 'leg,' and 
 c-KoXiueri;, ' bending,' especially sideways. Bend- 
 ing of the leg sideways. The state of being bow- 
 legged, or bandy-legged. 
 
 CNEORON, Daphne gnidium. 
 
 CNEORUM TRICOC'CUM, Almere'rion, Ac- 
 nes'tos, ChariKsle'a, Widoiv-ivail, Spurc/e- Olive, 
 (F.) GamelSe. This plant, a native of Southern 
 Europe, contains a very irritating, acrid prin- 
 ciple. The ancients employed its leaves as a 
 
 powerful purgative. It is now sometimes used 
 for deterging ulcers. 
 
 CNESIS, Cnesmos, Gnismos. A painful itching. 
 — Galen. 
 
 CNESMA, Itching. 
 
 CNESMOS, Cnesis, Itching, Prurigo. 
 
 CNICEL^'UM, from kukos, 'carthamus,' and 
 cXaiov, 'oil.' Oil of carthamus. — Dioscorides. 
 
 CNICUS, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Sylvcstris, 
 Centaurea benedicta. 
 
 CNIDELiE'ON, Gnidela'um., from (ci-iJeij, 
 'cnidia,' and iSaiov, 'oil.' Oil made from the 
 grana cnidia or mezereon berries. — Dioscorides. 
 
 CNID'IA GPbANA, Gnidii Cocci, Coccognid'ia, 
 ^to'lion, Gocciim. The berries of the Daphne 
 gnidium. — Foesius. 
 
 CNIDIUM SILAUS, Peucedanum silaus— c. 
 Tenuifolium, Sison ammi. 
 
 CNIDO'SIS. A pungent itching, compared to 
 that produced by the Urtica iirens or -Nettle. 
 {Kviiij.) — Hippoc. Urticaria; urticatio. 
 
 CNIP'OTES, Pruri'tiis. Itching. The dry 
 ophthalmia, JCerophthal'mia. 
 
 CNISMOREGMIA, Pyrosis. 
 
 CNISMOS, Cnesmos. 
 
 CNISSA, see Nidorous. 
 
 CNISSOREG'MIA, from nvicra, 'the smell of 
 burnt fat,' and opeyiii, ' I put forth ;' Ructiis nido- 
 ro'sus. A nidorous eructation, as of rotten 
 eggs. 
 
 CNYMA, Kvviia. A slight itching. Also, a 
 puncture or vellication. — Galen. 
 
 COACUM, Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 COAGMENTATIO, Gomphosis. 
 
 COAGULABLE LYMPH, Fibrin, Liquor san- 
 guinis. 
 
 COAG'ULANTS, Coagnlan'tia, from coagv- 
 lare, — itself from eo and cigere, 'to act together.' 
 Remedies, or poisons, supposed to possess the 
 power of coagulating the blood, or to give con- 
 sistency to animal fluids, ^he word and the ab- 
 surd notions connected with it are equally aban- 
 doned. 
 
 COAGULA'TION, Goagnla'tio, Thromho'sis. 
 The conversion of a liquid into a more or less 
 soft and tremulous mass. Many animal and 
 vegetable fluids are capable of coagulation. 
 
 COAG'ULUM, Grunms, (F.) Caillot, Grumeav, 
 ('a small clot.') A soft mass formed in a coogu- 
 lable liquid. The Clot of the Blood is particu- 
 larly so called — the Criior, Insula, Placen'ta, 
 Hepar San'giiinis, Crassamen'tnm, Sanguis con- 
 cre'tus ; — the red mass, composed of fibrin, serum, 
 and colouring matter, which separates when the 
 blood is left to itself. See Blood. The word is 
 also applied, in pathology, to the sanguineous 
 concretions, which form in different natural and 
 accidental cavities; and which, when they occur 
 at the mouth of a divided artery, sometimes sus- 
 pend the flow of blood. This is, indeed, one of 
 the means by which hemorrhage is arrested. 
 
 Coag'ulxjm AliU'MlNIS, Goag'tdum Alumino'- 
 sum, Gata2ylas'ma alu'minia. Alum curd or cata- 
 plasm. This is made by beating the white of 
 egg with a little alum, until a coagukim is formed. 
 It is applied in cases of ophthalmia, where an 
 astringent is necessary. 
 
 COALES'CENCE, Goalescen'tia, GoaWio 
 par'iium, from coalescere, 'to run together,' (from 
 cum, 'with,' and alere, 'to nourish,) Sym'physis, 
 Pros'physis. The adhesion or union of parts 
 previously separated, as in case of wounds and 
 preternatural adhesions or malformations. See 
 Monster. 
 
 COALITIO PARTIUM, Coalescence. 
 
 COALIT"ION, Coalit"io. The same etymon 
 as coalescence. It has been used in the same 
 cases; as well as to express the action of sever-U 
 
COALITUS 
 
 216 
 
 COCHLEARIA 
 
 parts of the frame, which have the same nu- 
 trition. 
 
 COALITUS, Symphysis. 
 
 COALTER'N^ PEBRES. A name given to 
 two intermittents, which attack a person at the 
 Bame time, but whose paroxysms are distinct : so 
 that the attack of one supervenes when the other 
 has ceased. The term Double Intermittent ex- 
 presses the same meaning. 
 
 COAPTA'TION, Goapta'tio, from cum, ' with,' 
 and aptare, • to adjust,' ' adapt ;' Parago'ge. The 
 act of adapting the two extremities of a fractured 
 bone to each other; or of restoring a luxated 
 bone to its place. Coaptation must be effected 
 gently. Usually, extension and counter-exten- 
 sion are, in the first place, necessary. 
 
 COARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, Synarthrosis. 
 
 COARCTATIO, Arctatio, Coarctation, Stric- 
 ture — e. Ventriculi, Stricture of the Stomach. 
 
 COARCTA'TION, Coarcta'tio, from coarctare, 
 'to straiten.' Stricture. Avicenna speaks of 
 Coarctation of the Pulse. 
 
 COAT, BUEFY, Corium phlogisticum. 
 
 COBALT, PROTOXIDE OF, Smalt. 
 
 COBHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cob- 
 ham is seven miles from Kingston, in Surrey, 
 England. The waters are weak saline purgatives. 
 
 COBRA DI CAPELLO, Crotalus horridus. 
 
 COBWEB, Araneas tela. 
 
 COCASH, Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
 
 COCCA'RIUM. A very small pill. 
 
 COCCHIA, Cochia. 
 
 COCCI GRANUM, Kermes— c. Orientales, see 
 Menispermum cocculus. ^ 
 
 CO GCIGIO- CUTANE SPHINCTER, Sphinc- 
 ter ani externus. 
 
 COCCINELLA, Coccus cacti. 
 
 CoccmEL'LA Septemptjncta'ta, Lady - hird. 
 Lady-cow, Lady -hug. This insect, bruised upon 
 an aching tooth, has long been regarded as anti- 
 odontalgic. 
 
 COC'CION", KOKKiov. A weight, mentioned by 
 Myrepsus ; the same as the siliqua. 
 
 COCCIONELLA, Coccus cacti. 
 
 COCCOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobalsa- 
 mum. 
 
 COCCOGNIDIA, Cnidia grana. 
 
 COCCOLOBA UVIFERA, see Kino. 
 
 COCCONES, see Punica granatum. 
 
 COCCUL^ OFFICINARUM, see Menisper- 
 mum cocculus. 
 
 COCCULUS CRISPUS, Menispermum tuber- 
 culatum — c. Indi aromatiea, see Myrtus pimenta 
 — c. Indicus, see Menispermum cocculus — c. Pal- 
 matus, Columba— c. Suberosus, Menispermum 
 cocculus. 
 
 COCCUM, Cnidia grana, Kermes — c. Baphi- 
 cum, Kermes— c. Infeotorium, Kermes — c. Scar- 
 latinum, Kermes — c. Tinctorum, Kermes. 
 
 COCCUS, Coccus cacti — c. Americanus, Coccus 
 cacti. 
 
 Coccus Cacti. The systematic name of the 
 Coch'ineal Insect, Goccinel'la, Cochinil'la, Goccio- 
 nel'la, Coccinil'la, Ficus In'dia grana, Coccus 
 Polon'ious, Scaraha' olus he7nisph(B'ricus, Cochi- 
 nelif'era cochinil'la. Coccus Amcrica'nus, Coccus 
 In'dicus Tincto'rius, Cochinelle, Coccus ; th^e Coch'- 
 ineal Animal, (F.) Cochenille, Graine d'Ecarlate. 
 The cochineal insects have a faint, heavy odour; 
 their taste is acrid, bitterish, and astringent : co- 
 lour blackish-red externally, — purple-red within. 
 They are used chiefly for giving a red colour to 
 tinctures, &c. They were, at one time, esteemed 
 Bstringent, stimulant, diuretic, and anodyne. 
 
 Coccus Ilicis, Kermes — c. Indicus tinctorius. 
 Coccus cacti — c. Indicus, see Menispermum coc- 
 culus — c. Polonicus, Coccus cacti. 
 
 COCCYCEPH'ALUS, Coccy'go-ceph'alus, from 
 
 coccyx and KcfaXri, ' the head.' A monster ■whose 
 head has the shape of the os coccygis. 
 
 COCCYGEAL, Coccygeus — c. Nerve, see Sa- 
 cral Nerves. 
 
 COCCYGE'US, Coccyge'al, from kokkv^, because 
 it is inserted into the coccyx; Ischio- Coccygeus, 
 (F.) Ischio-cocoygien. Belonging both to thy 
 ischium and coccyx. The muscle Ischio-coccy- 
 geus, Leva'tor Coccy'gis, Triangula'ris Coccy'gis. 
 It arises from the spinous process of the ischium, 
 and is inserted into the extremity of the sacrum ; 
 and into nearly the whole length of the os coc- 
 cygis laterally. It retains the coccyx in place, 
 and. prevents it from being forced backwards 
 during the evacuation of the faeces, 
 
 COCCYGIO-ANAL, Sphincter ani externus. 
 
 CO CC YGIO-CUTANE SPHINCTEE, 
 Sphincter ani externus. 
 
 COCCYGOCEPHALUS, Coccycephalus. 
 
 COCCYMELEA, Prunus domestica. 
 
 COCCYX, 'a cuckoo,' whose bill it is said to 
 resemble ; Os Coccy'gis, Cauda, Ossis sacri aeu'- 
 men, Os Al'agas, Bump Pone, Crupper Pone, Cu'- 
 culu-s, Uropyg'ion, Spon'dylis, Spondyl'ium. An 
 assemblage of small bones, attached to the lower 
 part of the sacrum ; the curvature of which it 
 prolongs, and of which it seems to be an append- 
 age. Generally, it consists of four bones. Be- 
 hind the base of the coccyx are two small tuber- 
 cular eminences. These are called Cornua of the 
 Coccyx. 
 
 C0CHE3IAR, Incubus. 
 
 COCHENILLE, Coctus cacti. 
 
 COCHERIA, Cochia. 
 
 COCHIA, Cocchia, Coche'ria, from kokkos, 
 'berry,' 'seed,' or from koxvu>, 'to flow profusely.' 
 An ancient name for several ofiicinal purgative 
 pills ; thus called, either because they produced 
 copious evacuations, or were shaped like a seed. 
 
 COCHIN LEG, see Elephantiasis. 
 
 COCHINEAL, Coccus cacti. 
 
 COCHINELIFERA COCHINILLA, Coccus 
 cacti. 
 
 COCHINILLA, Coccus cacti. 
 
 COCH'LEA. A Snail's shell, (F.) LimaQon, 
 Coquille. Anatomists have given this name to 
 the most anterior of the three cavities, which 
 constitute the labyrinth of the ear, the Ptlvia 
 Au'rium, Concha atiris inter'na, Cav'itas enchlea'- 
 ta, C. huccina'ta. Antrum bvccino'sum. Concha La- 
 byrin'thi, Troch'lea labyrinth'i : — and that of 
 Scales of the Cochlea, (F.) Pampes du lrma<;on, to 
 two spiral cavities in the interior of the cochlea. 
 One of these scalae terminates at the Fenes'tra 
 rotun'da, and is called Sca/a tympani : the other 
 opens at the anterior and inferior part of the ves- 
 tibule : it is called Scala vestib'uli. 
 
 Cochlea, Scal^ of the, see Cochlea. 
 
 COCHLEAR, Cochleare — c. Auriculare, Ear- 
 pick — c. Nerve, see Auditory Nerve. 
 
 COCHLEA'RE, Coch'lear, Cochlea'rivm, from 
 cochlea; its bowl resembling a shell. A spoonful, 
 (F.) Cuilleree; abbreviated in prescriptions usu- 
 ally to cocli. See Abbreviation. Also, a scoop. 
 
 Cochlea're Magnum, a tablespoonful ; C. Me'- 
 dium, a dessert or pap-spoonful ; and C. Min'i- 
 mum, a teaspoonful. 
 
 COCHLEA'RIA, from cochleare, 'a spoon,' so 
 called from its I'esemblance. C. officinnlis. 
 
 Coculea'ria Armora'cia, Paph'anus rusti- 
 ca'nus, Armora'cia, A, sati'va, A. rustica'na, 
 Pajoh' anus mari'nus, Paph' anus sylves' tris, 
 Paph'anus magna, Horseradish. Family, Cruci- 
 ferce. »S'ex. /S'^sf. Tetradj'namia Siliculosa. (F. ) 
 Paifort sauvage, Cran, Cran de Preta^nt. The 
 root of horseradish is frequently used <»t table; 
 and has long been in the Materia Medica. It is 
 
COCHLEARIFORMIS 
 
 217 
 
 CCELIAC 
 
 stimulant and diuretic. Externally it is rube- 
 facient. 
 
 Cochlea'ria Coron'opus, Coron'opv.8, Coron'- 
 optis Ruel'lii seu de2yres' stis seu vulga'ris, Le- 
 pid'ium squama' turn, Senebie'ra coron'opus, Wild 
 Scurvy Grass, Swine's Cress, (F.) Oorne de Cerf. 
 This European plant is considered to be diuretic 
 and antiscorbutic. The term Coron'opus was 
 given, by the ancients, to various plants. 
 
 Cochlea'ria Hortensis, Cocblearia officinalis. 
 
 Cochlea'ria Officina'lis, Cochlearia, C. Jtor- 
 ten'sis seu pyrena'ica seu vulga'ris. Lemon Scurvy 
 Grass, Common Scnrvy Grass, (F.) Cranson, Herhe 
 aux cuillers. It has been considered a powerful 
 antiscorbutic. It is sometimes eaten in salad. 
 
 Cochlea'ria Pyrena'ica, C. officinalis — c. 
 Vulgaris, C. officinalis. 
 
 COCHLEARIFOR'MIS, from cochleare, 
 'a spoon,' sxidi forma, 'shape ;' (F.) Bee de Cuiller. 
 
 COCHLEARIFORMIS Proces'sus, Cochlear' i/orm 
 process. A small, very thin plate, which sepa- 
 rates the bony portion of the Eustachian tube 
 from the canal for the passage of the tensor tym- 
 pani. 
 
 COCHLEA'RIS. A gelatinous looking tissue, 
 seen on opening the cochlea, by which the mem- 
 branous zone is connected, at its outer or convex 
 margin, with the outer wall. It is supposed by 
 Todd and Bowman to be muscular ; and to have 
 a preservative office, being placed to defend the 
 cochlear nerves from undue vibrations of sound, 
 in a way analogous to that in which the iris pro- 
 tects the retina from excessive light. 
 
 COCHLEARJUM, Cochleare. 
 
 COCHO'NE, Koxoivr,. The junction of the 
 ischium, near the seat or breech. — Foesius. The 
 breech proper, from the hip-bones to the anus. 
 The perinfeum. The coccyx. 
 
 COCIL'IO. A weight of eleven ounces. 
 
 COCKLE-BUR, Agrimony. 
 
 COCKLES, INDIAN, see Menispermum coc- 
 culus. 
 
 COCKMINT, Tanaeetum balsamita. 
 
 COCKUP HAT, StUlingia. 
 
 COCLES, Borgne. 
 
 COCO, Cocos nucifera. 
 
 Coco OP THE Maldives, Cocos de Ifaldt'vd. 
 The fruit of a palm, called Lodo'ice'a by Com- 
 nierson. It was formerly termed, in the shops, 
 X'uj^ Ifed'ica, and enjoyed great reputation. 
 
 COCOA, Cacao. 
 
 COCOA CACAVIFERA, Cacao. 
 
 COCOBAY, Mai de San Lazaro. 
 
 COCOS BUTYRA'CEA. The name of the 
 plant which affords the palm oil, O'leum pal'mcB, 
 obtained chiefly from the fruit, by bruising and 
 mixing the kernels with water, without the aid 
 of heat, by which the oil is separated and rises 
 to the surface. It is of the consistence of an 
 ointment, with little taste, and a strong, though 
 not disagreeable, smell. It is applied to sprains, 
 &c. ; but has no advantages over other oils. It 
 ,has been called, also, O'leum Palma seba'ceum, 
 O.fix'um nueum cocos butyra'cecB and Maclcaw 
 fat. It is procured likewise from the Ela'is 
 Guineen' sis, and Ela'is Occidenta'lis, two spe- 
 cies of palms. 
 
 Cocos Nucip'era, Palma cocos, (F.) Oocotier. 
 Order, Palmse. The systematic name of the 
 plant whose fruit is the cocoa nut. (F.) Coco. 
 It is an agreeable kernel, but not easy of diges- 
 tion. Emulsions, orgeat, <&c., are made from it. 
 The juice of the cocoa, when fermented, forms 
 wine, and arrack is distilled from it. 
 
 GOCOTE, Influenza. 
 
 00 COTTER, Cocos nucifera. 
 
 COCTIO, Coction, Digestion — c. Ciborum, Di- 
 gestion — c. Morbi, Coction. 
 
 COCTION, Coc'tio, Pepsis, Pepan'sis, Pepaa'- 
 mos, Sympep'sis, Concoc'tion, from coquere, ' to 
 boil.' This word has been employed in various 
 senses. 1. With the ancients, coction meant the 
 particular kind of alteration which the food ex- 
 periences in the digestive organs, particularly in 
 the stomach. It meant a preparation from its 
 crude state. 2. It expressed the maturation or 
 change, which the humeral pathologists believed 
 morbific matter experiences before elimination. 
 It was considered, that coction, Coc'tio morbi, 
 was produced during the violence of the disease ; 
 and hence this was called the Period of Coction. 
 See Humorism. 
 
 COD, or CODS, Scrotum. 
 
 COD-OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli. 
 
 COD-LIVER OIL, Oleum jecoris aselU. 
 
 CODAGAPALA BARK, Nerium antidysento- 
 ricum. 
 
 CODE, Codex. 
 
 CODEIA, Codeine. 
 
 COD'EINE, Code'i'a, Codei'mim, Papaveri' ntim, 
 from Kiiiiia, ' a poppy head.' An alkaloid, disco- 
 vered, by Robiquet, in opium, in 1832. It ia 
 soluble in water, alcohol and ether, and unites 
 readily with acids. As a hypnotic, Magendie 
 thinks one grain of codeia equal to half a grain 
 of morphia. The muriate of codeia appears to 
 be stronger than the pure codeia. 
 
 CODESELLA, Anthrax. 
 
 CODEX. A collection of laws. (F.) Code. 
 By extension, a collection of approved medical 
 formulse, with the processes necessary for form- 
 ing the compounds referred to in it. The Pari- 
 sian Pharmacopoeia is styled Codex viedicamen- 
 ta'ritis. 
 
 Codex Medicamentaeius, Formulary, see 
 Codex. 
 
 CODIA, Papaver (capsule.) 
 
 CODOCELE, Bubo. 
 
 CODOSCELLA, Bubo. 
 
 CCECAL, Ca?cal. 
 
 CCECITAS, Ciecitas. 
 
 CCECUM, Cajcum. 
 
 COEFFE, Caul. 
 
 CQjl'LIA, Koi\ia, koi\t!, 'a hollow place.' This 
 word generally meant a cavity in the body: — the ' 
 abdomen, in particular. It has also been used 
 for the alimentary canal, &c. : — avto Koi\ta, 'the 
 stomach,' kutu} KoiXta, ' the abdomen.' Also, an 
 alvine evacuation; excrement. 
 
 CCE'LIAC, Coeliacus, Gastrocoe'liaciis, Gastro- 
 cos'licus, (F.) Cceliaque on Geliaqne, from KoiXia, 
 'the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating to the 
 cavity of the abdomen. 
 
 Cceliac Artery, A. Cce'Uaca, Coeliac axis, A. 
 opistogastrique, Ch., A. Cceliaque, Tronc cceli- 
 aque, Trepied de la coeliaque, is situate above the 
 pancreas, and behind the upper part of the sto- 
 mach. It arises from the anterior part of the 
 abdominal aorta, where it passes between \ the 
 pillars of the diaphragm, and soon divides into 
 the coronaria ventriculi, hepatic, and spilenic ar- 
 teries. 
 
 Cceliac Flux, Cceliac Passion, Coeliaca chylo'- 
 sa, Biarrhoe'a chylo'sa, £>. chymo'sa, Fluxus chy- 
 lo'sus seu cceliacus, Passio ccelinca, P. Ventricv- 
 lo'sa, Chymoche'zia, Fluor albus intestino'riiin, 
 Chylorrhoe'a, Chymorrhce'a, Ccelinca lac' tea, Mor- 
 bus cceliacus, Chylodiarrhce'a, Galactodiarrhoe' a, 
 Sedes lactescen'tes, Gastrorrhce'a, (F.) Flux cali- 
 aque. A species of diarrhoea, in which the food 
 is discharged by the bowels in an undigested 
 condition. By some, defined to be diarrhoea at- 
 tended with discharges of chj'le or chyme. It is, 
 in general, sj'mptomatic of tubercular disease of 
 the mesenteric glands. See Lientery. 
 
CCELIACA 
 
 218 
 
 COlNCIDENTIA 
 
 ^?(EL1AC Passiok, Coeliac flux. 
 
 CcELiAC Plexus, Solar Plexus, Plexus mesen- 
 \*>'ii 2^ro'^j/'i((s et max'iinus, P. gangl!fo7''iiu8 
 i^milnna'ris, (F.) Plexus median ou ojjisfogas- 
 triqne, (Ch.,) PI. Cceliac ou solaire, Ganglion de 
 ViEussEss, is formed of numerous nervous fila- 
 ments, which proceed from tlie semilunar ganglia 
 of the great sympathetic. It is strengthened by 
 several branches of the right and left pneumo- 
 gastric nerves ; is seated around the trunk of 
 the coeliac artery, behind the stomach, and fur- 
 Eishes the secondary plexuses — the diaj^hrag- 
 ftiatic, coronary of the stomach, splenic and he- 
 2)at{c, which accompany the ai'teries of the same 
 name. 
 
 CCELIAC A, from KoiKiaKo;, ' ca-.liac.' Diseases 
 of the digestive organs ; the 1st class in Good's 
 Nosology. It comprises two orders, Enterica and 
 Splanchnica. Also, medicines that act on the 
 digestive organs. — Pereira. 
 
 CcELiACA Chylosa, Coeliac flux — c. Lactea, 
 Cceliac flux — c. Renalis, Chyluria — c. Urinalis, 
 Chyluria. 
 
 CCELIiE'MIA, Hi/peres'mia ahdom'inis, Con- 
 ges' tio ahdomina'lis, from KoiXia, 'the abdomen,' 
 and 'aijjia, 'blood.' Hyperaemia or congestion of 
 the blood-vessels of the abdomen. 
 
 C(ELIAGP>,A, Gastri'tis seu Enteri'tis sen CoV- 
 ica seu Diarrhce'a arthrit'ica. Gout of the ab- 
 domen. 
 
 CCELIALGIA, Tormina. 
 
 CCELIAQUE, TREPIEB BE LA, CoeUac 
 artery. 
 
 CCELIOCELE, see Hernia, hypogastric. 
 
 CCELIOCHYSIS, Ascites. 
 
 CCELIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, abdominal. 
 
 CCELIODYNIA, Colic. 
 
 CCELIOLYvSIA, Diarrhcea. 
 
 CCELION'CUS, Goeliophy'ma, from Koilia, 'the 
 abdomen,' and oyKOf, ' a tumour.' A tumour of 
 the abdomen. 
 
 CCELIOPHYMA, Coelioncus. 
 
 CCELIOPHY'MATA, Tuher'cula peritona'i, 
 from KoiXia, 'the cavity of the abdomen,' and 
 tl>vij.a, ' a hard tumour.' Tubercles of the perito- 
 neum. 
 
 CCELIOPSOPHIA, Borborygmus. 
 
 CCELIOPYO'SIS, from kolXiu, ' the abdomen,' 
 and TTvwci;, 'suppuration.' Suppuration in the 
 abdomen or its parietes. 
 
 CCELIORRHCEA, Diarrhcea. 
 
 CCELIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus abdom'- 
 hiis, from KoiXia, 'the abdomen,' and ptvjxa, 'de- 
 fluxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the mus- 
 cles of the abdomen. 
 
 C(ELIOSPAS'MUS, from Koilia, 'abdomen,' 
 and (TTrao-fioj, 'spasm.' Spasm or cramp of the 
 abdomen. 
 
 CCELO'MA, from koiXoj, 'hollow.' A round 
 ulcer of the cornea, broader and deeper than that 
 described under the name Bothrion. 
 
 CCELON, Cavity, 
 
 CCELOPHTHAL'MUS, from koiXo?, 'hollow,' 
 and o<pQa\)ioq, ' eye.' One who is hollow-eyed. 
 
 CCELOSTOM'IA, from KoiXog, 'hollow,' and 
 arofxa, ' mouth.' A defect in speaking, when the 
 voice seems as if it came from a cavern ; — that is, 
 obscure, and as if at a distance. 
 
 CCELOS'TOMUS, same etymon. One who has 
 is nollow voice. 
 
 CCELOTES, Cavity. 
 
 CCEN^STHE'SIS, from Koiv»i, 'common,' and 
 tita^t]aLg, ' feeling.' Concesthe'sis. Common feel- 
 ing. Some German writers mean, by this, a sixth 
 cense. It is the feeling of self-existence or indi- 
 viduality, and is manifested by the sense of Ijuoy- 
 kiicy or depression, which we experience without 
 
 any known cause; — by involuntary sliuddering 
 feeling of chill or glow, &c. 
 
 CCENOLOGIA, Consultation. 
 
 CCE' NOTES, Kotvorris, 'commonness,' from 
 Koivos, ' common.' The physicians of the metho- 
 dic sect asserted that all diseases arise from re- 
 laxation, stricture, or a mixture of both. These 
 were called Cosnotes : or what diseases have in 
 common. 
 
 COETUS, Coition. 
 
 C(EUR, Heart. 
 
 COF'EEA ARAB'ICA, C. vulga'ris, Jas'mimm 
 Aruh'icum, (F.) Oafler, and Cafeyer. Family, Ru- 
 biacese. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. The 
 plant which affords coffee, Chouva, Bon, Buna, 
 (F.) Cafe. Originally from Yemen. 
 
 The infusion of coffee is an agreeable and 
 wholesome article of diet. It is, to a certain ex- 
 tent, a tonic, and is employed as such in conva- 
 lescence, especially from fevers, <tc. In cases 
 of poisoning by opium, and in old asthmas, its 
 use has been extolled. For this purpose the 
 Moha is the best. It ought to be newly torrefied, 
 but not too much burnt; should be strong, and 
 drunk soon after grinding. Factitious Coffees 
 have been, from time to time, recommended, but 
 they are infinitely inferior to the genuine. Va- 
 rious substitutes have been proposed; icheat, bar- 
 ley, hollyberriss, acorns, sunflower seeds, beech- 
 mast, peas, beans, succory-root, seeds of gooseber- 
 ries and currants\Qft in making wine, and washed, 
 — sliced turnips, kc. These have been roasted, 
 with the addition of a little butter or oil : but 
 they have not the aroma of coffee. The best sub- 
 stitute is said to be the seeds of the Yellow water 
 flag, Gladiolus luteus or Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 Hunt's (Economical Breakfast Poioder con- 
 sisted of rve, roasted with a little butter. 
 
 COFFEE-TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
 
 COFFEE, WILD, Triosteum. 
 
 COGNITIO PHYSIOLOGICA, Physiology. 
 
 COHABITATIO, Coition. 
 
 COHABITA'TION, Cohabita'tio, from cum, 
 'with,' and habitare, 'to dwell.' The act of 
 dwelling together. In legal medicine, it means 
 the consummation of marriage. — Copulation. 
 
 COHE'SION, CohcBsio, from cun\, 'with,' and 
 hcerere, ' to stick.' Vis cohcBsio'nis, Vis adhas- 
 sio'nis. Vis attractio'nis. Force of cohe'sion. At- 
 traction of cohesion, A. of aggrega'tion, is that 
 force in the particles of matter, whereby they are 
 connected in such a way as to resist any attempt 
 towards their removal or separation. This force 
 has to be attended to, in the management of dis- 
 ease. Emollients, rubbed into a part, act by 
 diminishing the cohesion. 
 
 COHIBENS, Epischetieus. 
 
 COHOBA'TION, Cohoba'tio, Coho'bium, Co'- 
 hob, Co'hoph. Distillation of a liquid — already 
 distilled — on the same substances. When this is 
 repeated three or four times, it is called Becoho- 
 ba'tion. 
 
 COHOL. Synonym of Alcohol. Also, a dry 
 collyrium. — Avicenna. ' 
 
 COHOSH, ActEca racemosa, Caulophyllum tha- 
 lictro'ides — c. Black, Aetata racemosa — c. Blue- 
 berry, Caulophyllum thaliotroides. 
 
 COHUSH, Caulophyllum thalictroides. 
 
 COIFFE, Caul. 
 
 COIGN, see Pj'rus cydonia. 
 
 COIGNASSIER, Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 COJNCIDEN'TIA. Some authors have trans- 
 lated, by this term, the word parempto'sis, used 
 by Galen to designate the oeehision of the fora- 
 men opticum by a humour, proceeding from the 
 base *f the brain, and occasioning blindness. — 
 Castelli. 
 
COiNDICAXT 
 
 219 
 
 COLICA ACCIDENTALIS 
 
 COiN'DICANT, Coin'dicans, from con, 'with,' 
 and indico, ' I indicate.' 
 
 Coin'dicant Signs are those which furnish the 
 same indications ; or which confirm the indica- 
 tion aiforded by another sign : — avvivhiKwutva. 
 
 COIRA, Catechu. 
 
 COIRAS, Scrofula. 
 
 COIT, Coition. 
 
 COIT"ION, Oo'itus, Go'etus, from coeo, (con, 
 and eo, ' to go,') ' to go together.' Oojnda'tion, 
 t'Opula'tio, Cop'ula Carna'lis, Aphrodie'm, AphrO' 
 disiasm'us, Ep>'p'loce, Acces'siis, Basia'tio, Am- 
 jilexa'tio, Amplex'us, Conven'tus, Complex'io, Con- 
 Ju'f/ium, Agglutina'tio, Lagne'a, Lacjneu'ma, Lag- 
 nei'a, Jlixis, Permis'tio, Pennix'tio, Syndyas'mua, 
 iSi/nu'sia, Coricu'bitus, Congres'sus, Cohabita'tio, 
 Venus, Pes Vene'rea, Concii' bitus vene'reus, Prm'- 
 lium, DueWiim vene'revm, Noctur'na bella, Con- 
 cil'ia corpora'lia, Homil'ia, Ven'ery, Sexual in- 
 tercourse, (F.) C'oit, Approche, Accouplement. 
 The carnal union of the sexes. 
 
 COITUS, Coition— c. Difficilis, Dyssynodus— c. 
 Sodomiticus, Buggery. 
 
 COL, CoUum — e. de la Matrice, CoUum uteri — 
 c. Uterin, Collum uteri. 
 
 COLA, Articulation. 
 
 COLATIO, see Colatura. 
 
 COLATO'RIUM, Hylister, from colare, 'to 
 strain.' A strainer of any kind. (F.) Couloir. 
 A term by which the ancient physicians described 
 every canal or conduit through which the excre- 
 mentitious humours of the body are evacuated. 
 Ulcers, fistula, setons, caustics, <fec., have been 
 called artificial or accidental Colatoria, because 
 they were considered to be passages by which 
 the animal economy is freed from some morbific 
 matter. 
 
 COLATUM, see Colatura. 
 
 COLATU'RA, from colare, 'to strain.' Cola'- 
 tum, (F.) Colature. A filtered or strained liquor. 
 It likewise means straining a liquid, — Cola'tio, 
 Diy'lisis, Diylis'mus, Hy'Usis, Hylis'imis. 
 
 COL'CHESTER, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Aqua Colcestren' sis. The waters of Colchester 
 are of the bitter purging kind, similar to those 
 of Epsom. 
 
 COLCHICIA, see Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 COL'CHICUM AUTUMNA'LEjfrom the coun- 
 try Colchis. Meadow Saffron, Col' chicum, Coum, 
 (F.) Colchique, Tue-chien, 3Iort aux cJiiens, Sa- 
 fran des pres, Safran bdtard. Family, Colchi- 
 caceee. Class, Hexandria. Order, Monogynia. 
 The bulb or root (Bulhus vel Padix vel Cormus,) 
 and the seeds are the parts used in medicine. 
 The taste is acrid, excoriating the mouth ; but the 
 acrimony is lost by drying. It is narcotic, diu- 
 retic, and cathartic; and has been given in 
 dropsy, gout, and rheumatism. Dose, from gr. j 
 to yj of the fresh bulb. It is supposed to be the 
 active ingredient of the Eau medicinale d'Husson. 
 The active principle is called Colchic"ia. The 
 Colchicum, in an over-dose, is an aero-narcotic 
 poison. 
 
 Dr. Wilson's Tincture for the Goxit is said to be 
 merely an infusion of Colchicum, or Col'chicin. 
 
 Colchicum Zeylanicum, Ksempferia rotunda. 
 
 COLCHIQUE, Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 COL'COTHAR, Col'cothar Vitrioli, Henri'cus 
 rubens, Chalci'tis, Broicn red, Pouge, Crocus, Ox- 
 idam Ferri rubrum, Tritox'ydnm Ferri, Sulphas 
 Ferri calcina'tum, Ferrum vitriola'tum ustum. 
 Terra vitrioli dulcis. Crocus martis vitriolatus 
 seu adstrin'gens, (F.) Pouge d'Angleterre, Safran 
 de liars astringent. The red oxide of iron, ob- 
 tained by calcining sulphate of iron to redness, 
 "" with or without the contact of air. It possesses 
 the general properties of the preparations of iron, 
 and has been applied to stanch blood, &e. 
 
 COLD, Frigus, Psychos, (F.) Froid. The sen- 
 sation produced lay the abstraction of caloric from 
 our organs, — Cheima, Chimon. See Heat. 
 
 Three degrees of cold are generally distin- 
 guished in disease. 1. The simple feeling of cold 
 (Algor), 2. Chilliness (Horror), and 3. Shivering 
 (Pigor). Cold is employed in medicine, chiefly, 
 as a refrigerant and sedative. 
 
 Cold in the Eye, Ophthalmia, catarrhal — e. 
 in the Head, Coryza. 
 
 COLEITIS, Colposis. 
 
 COLEOCELE, see Hernia. 
 
 COLECEDEMA, Elytroedema. 
 
 COLEOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginas. 
 
 COLEORRHEX'IS, from xo^£05> '^ vagina or 
 sheath,' and p»7^if, ' rupture.' Laceration or rup- 
 ture of the vagina. 
 
 COLEOSITIS, Leucorrhcea. 
 
 COLEOSTEGNO'SIS, Colpostegno'sis, Colpos- 
 tenochor'ia, Colposynize'sis, from ^oXco;, 'a va- 
 gina or sheath,' and creyvaai;, ' constriction.' 
 iSTarrowness of the vagina, natural or acquu-ed. 
 
 COLEPE, Rage. 
 
 COLES, Penis. 
 
 COLEUS, Vagina. 
 
 OOLIBEPT, Cagot. 
 
 COLIC, Co'licus, from kwXov, 'the colon.' (F.) 
 Colique. Relating to the colon. 
 
 Colic Arteries, Arte'ricB coUccb, (F.) Artercs 
 Ooliques, are six in number, three of which, given 
 off by the superior mesenteric, are called Volicm- 
 dextrcB ; and three, proceeding from the inferior 
 mesenteric, Colicm sinis'trcp,. All proceed towards 
 the colon, passing between the two laminse of the 
 peritoneum, which form the mesocolon, where 
 they ramify and anastomose with each other. 
 The first, Colicu dextra, Pamus col'ica dexter, is 
 called 0. dextra s^iperior, (jfleso-coliqiie, — Ch.) 
 The second, C. dextra media, Colica media, Pa- 
 wns colicus medins, Arteria media anastomot'ica, 
 (C. droits, Ch.,) and the third, C. dextra. infe'rior 
 or Ileo-colica, (A. ccecale, — Ch.) Of the three 
 Colica sinistrcB, the first or superior is called, by 
 Chaussier, Colica magna sinis'tra; the second or 
 media is not distinguished from the preceding, as 
 they often arise from a common trunk ; and the 
 third is called by Chaussier Colica 2}<:t>'i'a sinis'- 
 tra. To these arteries as many veins correspond, 
 which open into the great and little mesenteric. 
 
 Colic Lobe of the Liver is the great lobe of 
 that organ. 
 
 Colic, Co'lica Passio, Colica, Bellyache, CoV- 
 ice, Colicodyn'ia, Cceliodyn'ia, Dolo'res intestino'- 
 rum. Dolor co'licus, Dysenteronerv'ia, Anentero 
 ner'via, Enteral'gia, Gripes, 3Iulligrubs. In it* 
 etymological acceptation. Colic signifies an affec- 
 tion or pain in the colon. But it is employed in 
 a more extensive signification. It includes every 
 acute pain of the abdomen, aggravated at inter- 
 vals. The word has often, however, epithets 
 afiixed to it, which render it more or less precise. 
 See Tormina. 
 
 Colic, Crapulext, Colica crapulosa — c. Devon- 
 shire, Colic, metallic — c. Horn, Priapismus — e. 
 Lead, Colic, metallic — c. Madrid, Colica MaJri- 
 densis — c. Menstrual, Colica menstrualis — c 
 Metalliea, Colica metalliea — c. Painters', Colic, 
 metallic — c. Plumbers', Colic, metallic — c. of 
 Poitou, Colic, metallic — e. of Prostitutes, Co- 
 lica scortorum — c. Saturnine, Colic, metallic — 
 c. of Surinam, Colic, metallic — c. Uterine, Colica 
 uterina. — c. Weed, Dicentra Canadensis — c. Worm 
 Colica verminosa. 
 
 COLICA ACCIDENTALIS. Colica crapulosa 
 — c. Acuta, Enteritis — c. Arthritica, Coeliagra. 
 
 Co'lica Bilio'sa, Bil'ious Colic, (F.) OoUqiitt 
 Bilieuse. Colic, occasioned by an accumnlatioc 
 of bile in the intestines or in its own passages. 
 
COLICA 
 
 220 
 
 COLLARD 
 
 The treatment required I'esembles that proper for 
 the nest variety. 
 
 CoLicA Callo'sa. Colic attended with sense 
 of stricture in some parts of the intestinal canal ; 
 often of flatulency and pain ; the flatulency gra- 
 dually passing off by the stricture ; the bowels 
 tardy ; and at length discharging small liquid 
 stools. 
 
 CoLiCA CoirvuLSi'vA, C. Spasmod'ica, C.pitui- 
 to'sa, U. nervo'sa, G. idiopath' tea, Enteroapasm' us. 
 Colic, not the symptom of any other affection. It 
 is characterized by griping pain in the bowels, 
 chiefly about the navel, with vomiting and cos- 
 tiveness, — the pain increasing at intervals. The 
 indications are to clear the intestines, and allay 
 spasm. Calomel and opium — castor oil and opium 
 — emollient .and cathartic enemata, with fomen- 
 tations, wet or dry, to the abdomen, usually suc- 
 ceed. 
 
 CoLiCA Crapulo'sa, C. accidenta'lis, C. hel- 
 luo'num, Crap'ulent colic, Surfeit, Colic from over- 
 eating, (F.) Colique d' Indigent ion. A colic, aris- 
 ing from eating indigestible aliments, or digestible 
 aliments in too great abundance. The remedy is 
 obvious. 
 
 ConcA DAMNONiOEUJr, Colic, metallic — c. Fe- 
 bricosa, Colica inflammatoria — c. Figulorum, Co- 
 lica metallica. 
 
 Colica Flatulen'ta, Infla'tio, Gastrodyn'ia 
 flatalen'ta, Physospas' mus, Pneumato'sis enter'- 
 ir.a, (F.) Colique Jiatulente, C. flatueuse, C. ven- 
 tevLse. Colic, arising from an accumulation of air 
 in the intestines. It is very common in infants, 
 and may be relieved by aromatics, especially 
 when combined with antacids — for example, oil 
 of aniseed with magnesia. 
 
 Colica Helluonum, Colica erapulosa. 
 
 Colica Hemorrhoida'lis, Hemorrhoid' al Co- 
 lic, (F.) Colique hemorrho'idale. A kind of colic, 
 supposed to precede hemorrhoids or to supervene 
 ou their suppression. 
 
 Colica Hepat'ica, Hepatal'gia, Hepatalgia 
 Caleulo'sa, Hepat'ic colic, (F.) Colique hepatique. 
 Pain in the region of the liver, chiefly about the 
 gall-bladder, occasioned by the passing of a 
 bUiary calculus through the cystic and choledoch 
 ducts. 
 
 Colica Idiopathica, Colica convulsiva — c. 
 Ileus, Ileus. 
 
 Colica Inflaiimato'eia, C. Phlogia'tica, C. 
 plethor'ica, C. fehrico' sa, 0. pulsat'ilis, Inflam'- 
 matory colic. The same as enteritis. 
 
 Colica Lapponica, see Seta equina — c. Lochi- 
 alis, Dyslochia — c. Madridensis, Colic of Madrid 
 — c. Nervosa, Colica convulsiva. Colic, metallic — 
 C Phlogistica, Colica inflammatoria. 
 
 Colica Mabriden'sis, Colic of Madrid, Ma- 
 drid Colic. A species of colic, endemic in se- 
 veral provinces of Spain, whose nature is not 
 clear. Its symptoms resemble those occasioned 
 by lead. 
 
 Colica Mexstrua'lis, Men'atrual Colic, (F.) 
 Colique menstruelle. Colic, which precedes or 
 accompanies the menstrual evacuation, or which 
 is owing to the suppression of that evacuation. 
 
 Colica Metal'lica, Metal'lic Colic, Painters' 
 Colic, Colica Pic'tonum, Colic of Poitou, Colica 
 Satuiid'na, C. Figulo'rum, Colic of Surinam', 
 Helton, Dev'onshire Colic, Dry Bellyache, Satur- 
 nine Colic, Lead Colic, Plumbers' Colic, RachiaV- 
 •jta Pic'fonum, R. Pictavien'sium, Morbus Metal'- 
 iicus, Coiicople' gia, Colica liachial'gia, Rachial'- 
 </!a, Colica Damnonio' rum, C. Plumbario'rum, 
 J'aral'ysis rachialgia, Colica nervo'sa, Colica 
 Pic.to'rum, Palmus Plumba'rius, (F.) Dysentero- 
 nervie Saturnine, Colique de Poitou, Colique ve- 
 yetale {?), Colique des peintres, Colique de plomb, 
 C miiallique, 0. Saturnine, C. des barbouilleurs. 
 
 Under this head is generally described the colie 
 produced by lead, as well as the other colics men- 
 tioned in the synonymy j and they certainly re- 
 semble each other greatly, although some of them 
 are more like bilious colic. There is not much 
 to distinguish this variety of colic from others. 
 The same violent pain about the navel is present, 
 with retraction of the abdomen towards the spine. 
 It is apt also to occasion palsy. The only differ- 
 ence of treatment is in the necessity for employ- 
 ing more opium along with the purgative. The 
 paralytic sequelae must be treated by change of 
 air, rubbing the spine, exercise, <fec. Treating 
 the disease upon general principles is infinitely 
 more philosophical, and more successful than the 
 empirical management at La Charite, Paris, 
 which it is unnecessary to detail. 
 
 Colica Nephret'ica, Nephret'ic Colie, (F.) 
 Colique Nephretique. Acute pains, which accom- 
 pany nephritis, and especially calculous nephritis, 
 or the passage of a calculus into the ureter. 
 
 Colica Pictonum, Colic, metallic — c. Picto- 
 rum. Colic, metallic — c. Pituitosa, Colica convul- 
 siva — c. Plethorica, Colica inflammatoria — c. 
 Plumbariorum, Colic, metallic — c. PulsatUis, 
 Colic, inflammatory — c. Rachialgia, Colic, me- 
 tallic — c. Saturnina, Colica metallica. 
 
 Colica Scorto'rum, Colic of Pros' titiites. A 
 form of colic, said by Dr. Martin Hassing, of Co- 
 penhagen, to have been frequently observed by 
 him amongst that unfortunate class of beings. It 
 may well be doubted whether any special affec- 
 tion of the kind appertains to them. 
 
 Colica Spasmodica, Colica convulsiva. Ileus. 
 
 Colica Sterco'rea, Colica Stipja'ta, Stercora'- 
 ceous Colic, (F.) Colique stercorale. A speciea 
 of colic, ascribed to the retention of fsecal mat- 
 ters in the intestines. The retention is itself, 
 however, an efiect, that may be caused in the 
 same manner as the colic pains themselves, 
 
 Colica Stipata, Colica stercorea. 
 
 Colica Uteri'na, Hys'tero-col'ica, Uterine 
 Colic, (F.) Colique xiterine. Pain seated in the 
 uterus, sometimes called HysteraV gia. 
 
 Colica Ventriculi, Cardialgia. 
 
 Colica Verhino'sa, Helminthocol'ica, Worm 
 Colic, (F.) Colique vermineuse. Abdominal pain, 
 occasioned by the presence of worms in the in- 
 testines. 
 
 COLICODYNIA, Colica. 
 
 COLICOPLEGIA, Colic, metallic. 
 
 COLIMAgON, Limax. 
 
 COLIQUE, Colic — c. des Barbouilleurs, Colica 
 metallica — c. Hepatique, Colica hepatica — c. d' In- 
 digestion, Colica erapulosa — e. Metallique, Colica 
 metallica — c. de Miserere, Heus — c. de Miseri- 
 corde, Heus — c. des Peintres, Colica metallica — 
 c. de Plomb, Colica metallica — c. de Poitou, Colica 
 metallica — c. Saturnine, Colica metallica — c. Ven- 
 teuse, Colica flatulenta — c. Vegetale, Colica me- 
 
 COLIQUES, Pains, (after.) 
 
 COLI'TIS, from kwXov, 'the colon, and iiis, 
 denoting inflammation ; Coloni'tis, Enteri'tis co'- 
 liza, (F.) Inflammation du colon. Inflammation 
 of the peritoneal or mucous membrane of tb« 
 colon. The former is termed Serocoli'tis, and 
 Exocoli'tis ; the \a.tteT,Endocolitis smd Dysentery, 
 
 COLIX, Trochiscus. 
 
 COLLA PISCIUM, IchthyocoUa. 
 
 COLLAPSE, Collapsus. 
 
 COLLAP'SUS, Collapse, Conciden'tia ; from 
 col, or cum, 'with,' and labor, lapsus, 'to fall.' (F.) 
 Affaissement. A complete prostration of strength, 
 either at the commencement or in the progress 
 of a disease. 
 
 COLLAR-BONE, Clavicle. 
 
 COLLARD, Dracontium foetidum — c. Cow, 
 
COLLARIUM 
 
 221 
 
 COLLUM 
 
 Dracontium foetidum — c. Polecat, Dracontium 
 fcetidum. 
 
 COLLARIUM SALINUM, Haloderfeum, 
 
 COLLAT'ERAL, Collatera'lis, from cum, 'with/ 
 and latus, ' side. That which accompanies or pro- 
 ceeds by the side of another. 
 
 Collat'eral Ar'tebies of the Arm, Arte'rice 
 Collatera'les Bra'chii, (F.) Arteres collatiralea du 
 bras. They are given off by the brachial, and are 
 &re distinguished into, 1. The collateral — superior 
 BT external [Grandes miisculaires du hraa — Ch.) 
 which arise from the inner part of the brachial, 
 and extend as far as the inferior and external 
 part of the arm. 2. The collateral — inferior or 
 internal {Collateralea du Coude — Ch.) which arise 
 from the brachial, near the elbow-joint, and de- 
 scend towards the upper part of the fore-arm. 
 
 The vessels which pass to the fingers and toes 
 are also called collateral. 
 
 Speaking generally, collateral branches are 
 those which follow nearly the same course as 
 the vessel whence they emanate. 
 
 COLLATERALIS, Ischio-cavernosus. 
 
 COLLE-CHAIR, Sarcocolla. 
 
 COLLE BE POISSON, Ichthyocolla. 
 
 COLLECTION, CoUec'tio, from colligere, 'to 
 gather.' This word is often united to the epithet 
 purident, serous, &c., to express a gathering of 
 pus, serum, <fcc. 
 
 COLLESIS, Agglutination. 
 
 COLLETICUS, Agglutinant. 
 
 COLLEY'S DEPILATORY, see Depilatory. 
 
 COLLIC'I^. 'Drains to collect and convey 
 away water.' See GOUTTIERE. Union of the 
 ducts passing from the puncta lachrymalia, Col- 
 lic"icB puncto'rxim lacryma'lium. 
 
 COLLICULI NERVI ETHMOIDALIS, Cor- 
 pora striata — c. Nervorum opticorum, Thalami 
 nervorum opticorum — c. Vagina, Nymphse. 
 
 COLLICULUS CAVE^ POSTERIORIS 
 VENTRICULORUM LATERALIUM, Hippo- 
 campus minor. 
 
 COLLIER (F.), A collar. A name given to 
 certain eruptions which surround the neck like a 
 
 COLLIGAMEN, Ligament. 
 
 COLLIGATIO, Syndesmosis. 
 
 COLLINSO'NIA, 0. Canaden'sis, C.decv^sa'ta, 
 Horseioeed, Horsebalm, Richiceed, Riehleaf, Heal- 
 afl, Stoneroot, Knotroot, Knotweed. This indi- 
 genous plant is possessed of diuretic properties, 
 which seem to reside in a volatile oil. Infusion 
 is the best form of administration. The leaves 
 in domestic practice are applied to wounds and 
 bruises. 
 
 CoLLiNsojJiA Decussata, C. Canadensis. 
 
 COLLIQUAMEN'TUM, from colliqueo, {con 
 and liquere,) 'I melt.' The first rudiments of an 
 embryo. — Harvey. 
 
 COLLIQUA'TION, GolUqua'tio, EUqna'tio, 
 Syntex'is, Ectex'is, Solu'tion, Dtssolu'tion. The 
 ancients meant, by this term, the progressive 
 diminution of the solid parts, with copious excre- 
 tion of liquids by one or more passages. They 
 thought, that all the solids melted; and that the 
 liquids, and particularly the blood, lost a portion 
 of their density. 
 
 COLLIQ'UATIVE, Colliquati'vus, Colliques'- 
 ceh.s, from colli quescere, 'to grow liquid.' (F.) 
 Colliquatif. An epithet given to various dis- 
 charges, which produce rapid exhaustion. Hence 
 we say. Colliquative sweats. Colliquative diar- 
 rhoea, &c. 
 
 COLLIQUESCENS, Colliquative. 
 
 COLLISIO, Contusion. 
 
 COLLIX, Trochiscus. 
 
 COLLODES, Glutinous. 
 
 COLLO'DION, Collo'dium, Ethe'real Solu'iion 
 
 of Gun-cotton, 3Tagnard's Adhesive Liqnid; from 
 Ko\\a, ' glue." A solution obtained by dissolving 
 gun-cotton, (F.) Fulmicoton, in a mixture of rec- 
 tified ether and alcohol, in the proportion of about 
 16 parts of the former to 1 of the latter. When 
 applied to a part, the ether evaporates, and the 
 solid adhesive material is left, which contracts. 
 Hence it is used in eases of wounds, to keep their 
 edges together. It forms, also, a coating, and 
 has been applied in abrasions, and in cases of 
 burns. In various chronic cutaneous diseases, it 
 has been applied with advantage ; and has been 
 employed to give a coating to pills, which it de- 
 prives of their taste, without interfering with 
 their action. 
 
 Collodion is in the last edition of the Ph. U. S. 
 (1851.) 
 
 CoLLOBION, Canthar'idal, Collo'dium vesi'cans 
 seu cantharida'le. Prepared by exhausting, by 
 displacement, a pound of coarsely powdered can- 
 tharides with a pound of sxdphuric ether, and 
 three ounces of acetic ether. In two ounces of 
 this saturated solution of cantharides, twenty -five 
 grains of gim-cotton are dissolved. By painting 
 the surface with a little of this solution, vesica- 
 tion is produced, as with the plaster of can- 
 tharides. 
 
 COLLODIUM, Collodion— c. Cantharidale, Col- 
 lodion, cantharidal — c. Vesicans, Collodion, can- 
 tharidal. 
 
 COLLOID, ColloVdes, from KoWa, 'glue,' and 
 tihos, 'resemblance;' Cancer alveola' ris, Carci- 
 no'ma alveola're, (F.) Cancer alveolatre, c. Gela- 
 tiniforme. Gelatinous cancer. An epithet applied 
 to a product of morbid secretion, resembling 
 glue, or particles of jelly inlaid in a regular 
 alveolar bed. The three species of cancer or 
 carcinoma are, — Encephaloid, Scirrhus, and Col- 
 loid. See Cancer. 
 
 COLLO'MA, from KoWa, 'glue.' A name pro- 
 posed by Dr. Walshe for the gelatinifonn matter, 
 which is of common occurrence in cysts. It is 
 transparent, amorphous, and devoid of vessels 
 and nerves. 
 
 COLLONO'MA, from koXH 'glue.' A ^eetf- 
 liar gelatinous tumour, consisting of a remarkably 
 soft gelatiniform tissue, which trembles on being 
 touched. — J. Miiller. 
 
 COLLOSTRUM, Colostrum. 
 COLLOURION, Collyrium. 
 COLLUM, Cervix, Trache'los, Auclen, (F.) 
 Col, Cou. The part of the body situate between 
 the head and chest. Also, a part of an organ 
 resembling the neck, as in the following cases. 
 
 CoLLUM Astrag'ali, Cervix. Astrag'ali, Nech 
 of the Astragalus, (F.) Col de I'astragale. A de- 
 pression, which separates the anterior extremity 
 of the astragalus from its body. 
 
 CoLLUM Costa'rum, Ccrvix Cosfa'ricm, Nech 
 of the Ribs, (F.) Col des CStes. The narrow part 
 of the ribs, between the head and tubercle. 
 
 CoLLtTM Den'tium, Cervix Dentium, Neck of 
 the Teeth, (F.) Col on Collet des Dents. The part 
 of the teeth between the corona and fang, which 
 is embraced by the gum. 
 
 CoLLrM Fem'oris, Cervix Fern' oris, Nech of the 
 Thigh-bone, (F.) Col du Femur. The long nar- 
 row, and oblique portion of the os femoris, which 
 separates the head from the two trochanters. 
 
 CoLLUir Fib'ul^, Cervix Fib'vlcB, Neck of the 
 Fibula, (F.) Col dti Perone. A slight narrowness 
 seated below the head or upper extremity of the 
 fibula. 
 
 CoLLtiH Hu'meri, Cervix Hu'meri, Nech of the 
 Hu'meruB. A circular, depressed portion, whiel; 
 separates the head of the os humeri from its two 
 tuberosities. Some surgeons place the neck b« 
 
COLLURIUM 
 
 222 
 
 COLOURS 
 
 low the tuberosities, no precise line of demarca- 
 tion indicating its extent. 
 
 CoLLUM Maxdib'uLvE vel Maxil'l^ Inferio'- 
 EIS, Cervix JIandib'uIa 6611 Jfa.cillcB Inferio'ris, 
 Neck of the lower jaw, (F.) Col de I'os maxiUaire 
 in/erieure. A depression observable on each side 
 of the lower jaw, immediately below the con- 
 dj'tes. 
 
 CoLLUJf Obstipuji, Torticollis. 
 
 CijLLUM Ossis Magni vel Capita'ti, Cervix os- 
 ein magni vel Cajnta'ti, Neck of the Os dfaf/num, 
 (F.) Col du (jmnd Os. A circular depression be- 
 neath the head of this bone of the carpus. 
 
 CoLLOt Ra'dii, Cervix Radii, Neck of the 
 Eadius, (F.) Col du Radius. A narrow portion 
 of the radius, wuioii supports the head of the 
 bone. 
 
 CoLLUir Scap'uLjF, Cervix Scap'ulcB, Neck of 
 the S'cap'nla, (F.) Col de I'Omoplate. A narrow 
 portion, observable below the glenoid cavity of 
 the scapula, which seems to separate it, as it 
 were, from the rest of the bone. 
 
 CoLLUJi U'teri, Cervix U'teri, Jug'idum Uteri, 
 Neck of the Uterus, (F.) Ool de la Matrice, Col 
 uterin. A narrow, cylindrical, and flattened por- 
 tion of the uterus, whioh terminates it inferiorly, 
 and opens into the vagina by the Os Uteri or Oe 
 2'iuecs. This neck is perceptible on examination 
 fer vayinam, until near the end of utero-gesta- 
 tion. As the uterus enlarges, however, it be- 
 comes shorter and wider, so that a manifest difi"e- 
 rence exists between its condition at seven and 
 nine months. 
 
 CoLLUM Vesi'^^, Cervix Vesi'cm, Neck of the 
 Bladder, (F.) Col de la Vessie. The anterior 
 part of the base of the bladder, which resembles 
 the neck of a bottle, and is continuous with the 
 aretbra. 
 
 COLLURIUM, Collyrium. 
 
 COLLUTIO, Gargarism. 
 
 COLLUTO'RIUM, from colluere, 'to wash out' 
 A mouth-wash. 
 
 CoLLDTORiuM j4.osTRiNGENS, Mel boracis. 
 
 COLLU' VIES, from colluo, ' I cleanse.' Filth, 
 excrement. Disc'iarge from an old ulcer. 
 
 CoLLUVlES GA:irRicA, Emharras qastrique. 
 
 COLLYR'IUM, Collu'rium, Collu'rion, from 
 «wXt)(i), 'I check,' and pcu, '1 flow,' or from xoWa, 
 'glue,' and ovpa, 'tail;' (F.) CoUyre. The an- 
 cients designated, by this term, a sO*id medicine, 
 of a long, ej'lindrical shape; proper to be intro- 
 duced into the vagina, anus, or nostrils. They 
 are said to hdve given it this name because it was 
 shaped like a Rat's Tail, and because there en- 
 tered into its composition powders and glutinous 
 matter'j. — Celsus, Oribasius, Scribonius Largus. 
 At the present day, Collyrium means an applica- 
 tion to the e3'e. Some are pxdverident and dry, 
 phthalmempas'ma, Collyr'ium siccum, but the 
 greatest part are liquid, IIy(jrocolhjr'ia ; and 
 receive different epithets, as ustri-ngent, emollievt, 
 Ac. The term is now little more than synony- 
 mous with Eyc-wnter. CoUyria are generally 
 extemporaneous f(jrmulse. 
 
 Collyrium Siccdm, see Collyrium — c. Siccum 
 Alexandrinum, see Alexandrine. 
 
 COLOBO'MA, KoXo^wfta, ' any thing truncated 
 •.•r shortened.' A rantilatod or maimed organ. 
 
 Colobo'ma Iridls, Irido-colohoma. A conge- 
 nital peculiarity of the iris, consisting in a fissure 
 of its lower portion, and a consequent prolonga- 
 tion of the iris to the margin of the cornea. 
 
 COLOBO'SIS, KoUPuxjis. The act of curtailing 
 or mutilating' : mutilation. 
 
 COLOCIIOLO'SIS, from kwUv, 'the colon,' 
 and X"^'^' 'bile.' Bilious dysentery, Dysenter'ia 
 bilio'sa. 
 
 COLOCTxVTH, Cucumis colocynthis. 
 
 COLOMBINE, COMMON, Aquilegia yulgarw. 
 COLOMBA, Calumba. 
 
 COLON, C. CcECum, Monen'terum, Colum, Integ- 
 ti'man majus, I. cellula'tum, I. crassum et 2^lennni, 
 I. grande, I. laxum. That portion of the large 
 intestines which extends from the cascum to the 
 rectum. It is said to have been so called from 
 KuiXov, 'hollow,' or from kujXvui, 'I arrest,' be- 
 cause the excrements are arrested, for a conside- 
 rable time, in its sacs, — ceVlulm. The colon is 
 usually divided into four portions. 1. The right 
 lumbar or ascending. Colon dextrnm, situate in 
 the right lumbar region, and commencing at thi 
 caecum. 2. Transverse colon, Colon transver'sum^ 
 transverse arch of the colon, the portion of the 
 colon which crosses from the right to the left side, 
 at the upper part of the abdomen. 3. The left 
 lumbar or descending colon. Colon sinis'trum, ex- 
 tending from the left part of the transverse arch, 
 opposite the outer portion of the left kidney, to 
 the corresponding iliac fossa. 4. The Riac colon 
 or Sigmoid flexure of the colon, (F.) Colon iliaque 
 on S. die colon, the portion of the intestine which 
 makes a double curvature in the left iliac fossa, 
 and ends in the rectum. 
 
 The muscular fibres, as in the csecum, are in 
 three flat stripes, TcB'nice seu Fas'eicB Ligani'u- 
 to'sa. 
 
 Colon, Membrum — c. Inflammation of the, 
 Colitis. 
 
 CoLoy, Torpor of the. A disease in which 
 the muscular coat of the colon acts with deficient 
 energy ; giving occasion to distention of the in- 
 testine, which, by pressing upon the other organs, 
 may interfere so much with their functions, as to 
 lead to distressing gastric, cardiac and other dis- 
 orders. 
 
 COLONITIS, Colitis, Dysentery. 
 COLONNE, Columna — c. Veriehrale, Verte- 
 bral column. 
 
 COLONNES CHARNUES, Carnese columnse 
 — c. Charnues du Coenr, Columnse carnese. 
 COLOPHANE, Colophonia. 
 COLOPHAXY, Colophonia. 
 COLOPIIO'iNlA, so called from Colophon, a 
 city of Ionia; Pkrycte, Fricta, Pix Graca, Re- 
 si'na vif/ra, Colophany, Colophony, Black Rosin, 
 Pitch, Brown Rosin, (F.) Colopihone, Colo2}hane, 
 Arcanson, Brai sec. The black resin, which re- 
 mains in the retort, after the distillation, by 
 means of a strong fire, of common turpentine. 
 It is used like the turpentines in general, and in 
 some pharmaceutical preparations. 
 COLOPHONY, Colophonia. 
 COLOQUINTE, Cueumus colocynthis. 
 COLOQUINTIDA, Cueumus colocynthis. 
 COLOR VIRGINEUS PALLIDUS, Chlorosis 
 — c. Virginum foedus. Chlorosis. 
 COLORECTITIS, Dysentery, 
 COLOSTRA, Colostrum. 
 COLOSTRATIO, Colostration. 
 COLOSTRA'TION, Colostra'tio. Disease in 
 new-born children, attributable to the colostrum. 
 COLOS'TRUM, Colos'tra, CoUostrwn, Coins', 
 trvm, Troph'alis, Protog'ala, Neog'ula, Prinivni, 
 Pucr'per(B lac, Pytia, Pyetia, (Bicstings OT Beast- 
 ings in the cow, &c.,) from ko\ov, 'food,' (?) (F. ) 
 Beton. The first milk after accouchement. It 
 contains more serum and butter, and less casein 
 than common milk, and seems to possess an eva- 
 cuant property, which renders it fit to aid in the 
 expulsion of the meconium. Colostrum formerly 
 meant an emulsion prepared of turpentine and 
 yolk of egg. 
 
 COLOUR-BLINDNESS, Achromatopsia. 
 COLOURS, ACCIDENT'AL,Oy/)os!<e colours, 
 Complemen'tary and Harmon'ic colours. If the 
 eye has been for some time regarding a particu- 
 
COLPALGIA 
 
 223 
 
 COLUTEA 
 
 lar colour, the retina becomes insensible to this 
 colour ; and if, afterwards, it be turned to a sheet 
 of white paper, the paper will not seem to be 
 white, but will be of the colour that arises from 
 the union of all the rays of the solar spectrum, 
 except the one to which the retina has become 
 insensible. Thus, if the eye be directed for some 
 time to a red wafer, the sheet of paper will seem 
 to be of a hlalsk-green, in a circular spot of the 
 same dimensions as the wafer. This bluish-green 
 image is called an oe'ular spectrum, because it is 
 impressed upon the eye and may be retained for 
 a short time; and the colour hluish-green, is said 
 to be the accidental colour of the red. If this 
 experiment be made with wafers of different co- 
 lours, oiher accidental colours will be observed, 
 varying with the colour of the wafer employed, 
 as in the following table : — 
 
 Colour of the AccideDtal colour, or colour of the 
 
 Water, ocular spectrum. 
 
 Bed Bluish green 
 
 Orange Blue. 
 
 Yellow Indigo. 
 
 Green Violet with a little red. 
 
 £lue Orange red. 
 
 Indigo Orange yellow. 
 
 Violet Yellow-green. 
 
 Black White. 
 
 White Black. 
 
 If all the colours of the spectrum be ranged in 
 a circle, in the proportions they hold in the spec- 
 trum itself, the accidental colour of any particu- 
 lar colour will be found directly opposite. Hence, 
 the two colours have been termed opposite colours. 
 It will follow from what has been said, that if the 
 primary colour, or that to which the eye has been 
 first directed, be added to the accidental colour, 
 the result must be the same impression as that 
 produced by the union of all the rays of the spec- 
 trum — lohite light. The accidental colour, in 
 otli-iT words, is what the primitive colour requires 
 to liiake it white light. The primitive and acci- 
 dental colours are, therefore, co;H^:)fcme»;s of each 
 other; and hence accidental colours have also 
 been called complementary colours. They have 
 likewise been termed harmonic, because the pri- 
 mitive and its accidental colour harmonize with 
 each other in painting. 
 
 COLPAL'GIA, from Ko\-ag, ' vagina,' and 
 aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain in the vagina. 
 
 COLPATRE'SIA, Ebjtratre' sia, from KoXroy, 
 ' vagina,' and arp-qTo;, ' without opening.' Im- 
 perforation of the vagina. 
 
 COLPEMPHPtAX'IS, from koXtto?, 'vagina,' 
 and €^(ppa(,i?, ' obstruction.' Obstruction of the 
 vagina by foreign bodies. 
 
 COLPEURYNTER, Speculum vagince. 
 
 COLPITIS, Colposis. 
 
 COLPOC'ACE, ^doeoti'tis gangrtsno'sa, Gan- 
 grcs'na genita'lium et vagi'nm. Putrescency or 
 gangrene of the vagina and labia. 
 
 CoLPOPACE Infanti'lis, ^doeoti'tis gangras- 
 no'sa puella' rum, Noma pudendn'rum. Gangrene 
 or putrescency of the vagina and genitals in young 
 children. 
 
 COLPOCACE PuERPEnA'RTJSr, ^doBoti'tis Gail- 
 grcBiio'sa p>'^^rpera'rum, Tocodomycodori'tis ma- 
 lig'na vagina'lis (Ritgen). Sloughing of the 
 vagina and genitals in puerperal women. 
 
 COLPOCELE, Elytrocele. 
 
 COLPOCYSTOTOM'IA, from /coX-oj, 'vagina,' 
 Kvan;, 'bladder,' and ro//??, 'incision.' Sectio va- 
 gi' no-vesica' lis. Lithotomy through the vagina. 
 
 COLPODESMORRAPH'IA, from ko\-os, 'va- 
 gina,' 6€(Tfios, 'ligament,' and par/,??, 'suture.' The 
 removal of a part of the mucous membrane of the 
 
 vagina for the radical cure of prolapsus vaginae 
 et uteri. 
 
 COLPCEDEMA, Elytroedema. 
 
 COLPOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginse. 
 
 COLPORRHA'GIA, Etytrorrha'gia, from -coX- 
 TTos, 'vagina,' and pr^yvvfn, 'I break forth.' Dis- 
 charge of blood from the vagina. 
 
 COLPORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy. 
 
 COLPORRHEX'IS, Rnptu'ra vagi'nm; from 
 KoX-iToq, 'vagina/ and p;/fif, 'rupture.' Rupture 
 of the vagina. Also, colporrhagia. 
 
 COLPORRHCEA, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 COLPOS, Sinus, Vagina. 
 
 COLPO'SIS. Inflammation of the vagina. 
 Synonymous with Elytroi'tis, Elytri'tis, ColeVtis, 
 Golpi'tis. See Leucorrhoea. 
 
 COLPOSTEGNO 'SIS, Coleostegno'sis, from 
 koXttoj, 'vagina,' and areyioiij, 'I close.' Atresia, 
 or obliteration of the vagina. 
 
 COLPOSTENOCHORIA, Coleostegnosis. 
 
 COLPOSYNIZESIS, Coleostegnosis. 
 
 COLPOT'OMY, Coljwtom'ia, from /coXttjj, 'va- 
 gina,' and TOjiri, 'incision.' An incision of the 
 vagina in parturition. 
 
 COLT'S FOOT, Asarum Canadense, TussUago. 
 
 COL'UBER BERUS. The systematic na-me 
 of the viper, Vi'pera, {¥.) Couleurre, Vipere. A 
 poisonous reptile — the poison lying in small sacs 
 near its teeth. The flesh is innocent, and has 
 been often taken in scrofula, and in cutaneous 
 disorders in general, but it is inefficacious. 
 
 COLUBRINA, Polygonum bistorta — c. Dra- 
 contia, Arum dracunculus — c. Lusitanica, Eu- 
 phorbia capitata — c. Virginiana, Aristolochia ser- 
 pentaria. 
 
 COLUM. Colon. 
 
 COLUMBINE, Aquilegia vulgaris — c. Wild, 
 Aquilegia Canadensis. 
 
 COLUMBO, Calumba — c. American, see Ca- 
 lumba— c. Marietta, see Calumba. 
 
 COLUMELLA, Pillar, Uvula. 
 
 COLUM'NA, Column, (F.) Colonne. Anato- 
 mists use this word for parts which resemble a 
 column or pillar; hence for the penis. 
 
 CoLUjfNA Adstans Ixguinibus, Penis — c. 
 Dorsi, Vertebral column. 
 
 Coldm'na Nasi. The cartilaginous part of the 
 septum of the nostrils. See Nares. 
 
 CoLUMNA Oris, Uvula— -c. Spinalis, Vertebral 
 column — c. Virginitatis, Hymen — c. Foraminis 
 ovalis, see Ovalis fossa — c. Valvula; Vieussenii, 
 see Valvula Vieussenii — c. Vertebralis, Vertebral 
 column. 
 
 COLUM'NA CAR'NE^, Golum'ncR Gordis, 
 Lacer'ti vel Lacer'tuli vel Funes vel Eascic'uli 
 ter'etes Cordis, Trahes seu Trabec'ulcs Cordis, 
 (F.) Colonnes charnues du eceur. Small, fleshy 
 columns, which project, more or less, into the 
 auricles and ventricles of the heart, whose use 
 appears to be to prevent too great dilatation of 
 those cavities. A few of these columna — see 
 iluscidi papilla' res — are attached by one extre- 
 mity to the walls of the heart, and, by the other, 
 give insertion to chordje tendinea^. 
 
 CoLUMNvE CARNEyE of the Rectum, see Rectum 
 — e. Papillares, see Columnaj Carneas. 
 
 COLUMNEA LONGIFOLIA, Bahel. 
 
 COLUMNS, MEDIAN, POSTERIOR OF 
 THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA, Funiculi gr.o- 
 ciles — c. of Morgagni or of the Rectum, see Rec- 
 tum — c. of the Spinal Marrow, see Verteln:*] 
 Nerves. 
 
 COLUS JOVIS, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 COLUSTRUM, Colostrum. 
 
 OOLU'TEA, G. Arhores'cens, G. hirsu'fa, Sevria 
 German'ica, Bladder Senna, (F.) Baguenaudier, 
 Faux Sene. Earn. Leguminosse. ;S'e;a-. SyM. Di- 
 adelphia Decandria. The leaves are slighily 
 
COLUVRINE BE YIBGINIE 
 
 224 
 
 COMMOTIO 
 
 purgative, and are often mixed ■with those of the 
 cassia senna. 
 
 COLUVRINE BE YIRGINIE, ^ristolochia 
 
 eerpentaria. 
 
 COLYM'BADES, Pickled Olives. These, 
 when bruised and applied to a burnt part, were 
 supposed to be able to prevent vesication. — Dios- 
 
 corides. 
 
 COLYMBIFERA MINOR, Mentha crispa. 
 
 COMA, Seniisom'nis, Stmiaopi' tus, Semiaopo'- 
 rus, Siibeth, (Arab.) A profound state of sleep, 
 from which it is extremely difficult to rouse the 
 individual. It is a symptom which occurs in 
 many diseases. Two varieties are distinguished, 
 1. Coma vigil, Coma agrypno'des, Perrigil'ium, 
 Yigil'i<B nim'icB, Tijpho'nia, Veter'nus, Veternoa' - 
 itas, Agrypnoco' ma, Cams lethar'gus vigil. Ty- 
 phoma'nia, which is accompanied with delirium. 
 The patient has his eyes closed, but opens them 
 when called; and closes them again immediately. 
 This state is accompanied with considerable rest- 
 lessness. 2. Coma Somnolen' turn, C. Comato'des ; 
 — in which the patient speaks when roused, but 
 remains silent and immovable in the intervals. 
 Coma is a deeper sleep than sopor, but less so 
 than lethargy and earns. 
 
 CoiiA, Capillus — c. Agrypnodes, see Coma — 
 0. Apoplexia, Apoplexy — c. Csesarea, Plica — c. 
 Comatodes, see Coma — e. Somnolentum, Somno- 
 lency, see Coma — c. Vigil, see Coma. 
 
 COMA CON, Myristica moschata. 
 
 COMAN'DRA UMBELLA'TA, Bastard Toad- 
 flax ; indigenous ; Order, Santalaceas : flowering 
 in May and June ; has been used in fevers by 
 some of the Indian tribes. 
 
 COMAROS, Arbutus uned_o. 
 
 COMA'RUM PALUS'TRE, Potentil'la palv.s'- 
 tris. Marsh Cinqnefoil. An indigenous plant. 
 Family, Rosacea, which flowers in June. It is 
 possessed of astringent virtues. 
 
 CO'MATA, from KWfia. Diseases characterized 
 by diminution of the powers of voluntary motion, 
 with sleep or impaired state of the senses. — 
 Cullen. 
 
 COJIATEUX, Comatose. 
 
 COMATODES, Comatose. 
 
 COM'ATOSE, Comato'des, Carot'icus, Caro'des, 
 (F.) Coviateux. Relating to or resembling coma: 
 — as comatose sleep, comatose fever, ifcc. 
 
 COMBUSTIBILITY, PRETERNATURAL, 
 Combustion, human. 
 
 COMBUSTIO, Burn — c. Spontanea, Combus- 
 tion, human. 
 
 COMBUS'TION, HUMAN, Sponta' neous Com- 
 hus'tion or Preternat'ural Combustihil'ity, Cata- 
 cati'sis, Tachencau'sis, Incen'dium sponta'neum, 
 Comhus'tio sponta'nea, Autempresm'us, Catacau' sis 
 ehrio'sa, (F.) Combustion humaine, C. spontanee. 
 These terms have been applied to the extraordi- 
 nary phenomenon of a rapid destruction of the 
 human body, by being reduced to ashes either 
 spontaneously or by the contact of an ignited 
 substance. It is said to have occurred in the 
 a;jed, and in those that were fat and hard 
 drinkers. In such. Dr. Traill has found a con- 
 fiiderable quantity of oil in the serum of the blood. 
 Vicq d'Azyr, Lair, and Dupuytren think it neces- 
 sary, that the body should be placed in contact 
 with an ignited substance. Le Cat, Biopp, and 
 Marc are of opinion that this is not necessary. 
 The farmer appears to be the more probable view. 
 
 COMBUSTURA, Bum. 
 
 COMEDONES, see Acne. 
 
 COMES ARCHIATRORUM, see Exarchiat^r. 
 
 COMESTIBLE, (F.) Edu'Us, from comedere, 
 ' to eat.' Eatable, (F.) Edule. Esculent, AVhen 
 thir word is used substantively, in French as in 
 Ebglish, it means soliu food. 
 
 COMEZ. Half a drop.— Ruland. 
 
 COMFREY, Symphytum— c. Spotted, Pulmo • 
 naria. 
 
 COMISTE, Aliment. 
 
 COMMANDUCATIO, Mastication. 
 
 COMMEM'ORATIVB, Commemorati'vtts, from 
 comrnemorare, [con and memor,) 'to cause to re- 
 member.' That which recalls, or rather which 
 is recalled. 
 
 CoMMEiiORATiTE SiGiTS, (F.) Signes commemo- 
 ratifs, are those, deduced from circumstances 
 which have gone before; or rather, according to 
 others, those which point out the preceding con- 
 dition of the patient. They are also called An- 
 amnes'tic signs. 
 
 COMMENSUM, Symmetry. 
 
 COMMERCIUM, Sympathy. 
 
 COMMI, Gummi. 
 
 COM'MINUTED, Comminu'tus, from commi- 
 nuere, (con and minuo,) 'to break to pieces.' 
 (F.) Comminutif. A comminuted fracture is one 
 in which the bone is broken into a number of 
 pieces. 
 
 COMMINU'TION, Comminu'tio, Thrypsis, 
 Leio'ais. Same etymon. Fracture of a bone 
 into a number of pieces. 
 
 COMMISSURA, Articulation. 
 
 CoMMissuRA Anterior Cerebri, Commissure, 
 anterior, of the Brain. 
 
 Commissu'ra Brevis. A lobule or prominence 
 of the inferior vermiform process of the cerebel- 
 lum, situate in the incisura posterior, below the 
 horizontal fissure. 
 
 CoMMissuRA LABiORiur, Prostomia — c. Magna 
 cerebri. Corpus callosum — c. Nervea, Syndesmo- 
 sis — c. Ossium carnea, Syssarcosis. 
 
 CoiiMissuRA Posterior Cerebri, Commissure, 
 posterior, of the Brain. 
 
 CoJiMissuRA Simplex. A small lobule or pro- 
 minence of the superior vermiform process, near 
 the incisura posterior of the cerebellum. 
 
 COMMISSU'RAL; same etymon as commis- 
 sure. Of or belonging to a commissure. 
 
 COM'MISSURE, Commissu'ra, Compa'ges, 
 Compagina'tio, Sytn'physis, Sym'bole; from com- 
 mitto, {con and mitto,) ' I join together.' A point 
 of union between two parts : thus, the commis- 
 sures of the eyelids, lips, &c., are the angles, 
 which they form at the place of union. See 
 Fibres, converging. 
 
 Coii'MissuRE, Axte'rior, OP THE Braut, Com- 
 missu'ra ante'rior cer'ebri, (F.) Commissure ante- 
 rieure du cerveau. A small medullary fasciculus, 
 situate transversely at the anterior part of the 
 third ventricle, and uniting the two hemispheres. 
 
 Commissure, Great, of the Brain, Commis- 
 su'ra Magna Cer'ebri, (F.) Grande commissure du 
 cerveau, which unites the two hemispheres for 
 some extent, is the Corpus callo'sum. 
 
 CoMMissiTRE, Middle, of the Brain. A layer 
 of gray substance uniting the thalami optici. 
 
 Commissure, Oblique or Inteecerebral, see 
 Valvula Vieussenii — c. Optic, see Chiasmus. 
 
 Commissure, Posterior, of the Brain, Com- 
 missu'ra poste'rior cer'ebri. A medullary band, 
 situate at the posterior part of the thu-d or middle 
 ventricle. 
 
 Commissure of the Uvea, Ciliary ligament. 
 
 COMMISSURE BE LA CHOROIBE, Cili- 
 ary ligament. 
 
 COMMO'SIS, from ko/^/joo), 'I adorn.' The 
 art of concealing natural deformities, as by paint- 
 ing the face. S£e, also, Propolis. 
 
 COMMO'TICE, in the older writers, meant the 
 art of communicating factitious beauty to a per- 
 son. Painting the face; Comopor'ia. 
 
 COMMOTIO, Motion, Concussion— c. Cerebri 
 Concussion of the brain. 
 
COMMOTION 
 
 225 
 
 COMPEESSION 
 
 COMMOTION, Concussion — c. du Cerveau, 
 Concussion of the brain. 
 
 COMMU'NICANS, from communis, 'common.' 
 Conjun'gcns. Tliat which communicates or esta- 
 blishes a communication. Communicant. There 
 are two Arteries Commmu'ean'tes, both within the 
 cranium; — the one anterior, very short, and ex- 
 tending transversely from one anterior cerebral 
 artery to the other, — the other posterior, called 
 also Communicans Willis' ii, which passes from 
 the internal carotid to the posterior cerebral ar- 
 tery. It is a branch of the basilary. 
 
 Communicans Noxi. A long slender nervous 
 branch, formed by filaments from the first, second 
 and third cervical nerves, which descends upon 
 the outer side of the internal jugular vein, and 
 forms a loop with the descendens noni over the 
 sheath of the carotids. 
 
 Communicans Peeonei, see Communicans pop- 
 litei. 
 
 Communicans Poplite'i, C. tilia'lia (nervus.) 
 A large nerve, which arises from the popliteal ; 
 and, at a variable distance below the articulation 
 of the knee, receives the communicans jieronei 
 from the peroneal nerve, — the two forming the 
 external saphenous nerve. 
 
 Communicans Tibialis, Communicans poplitei. 
 
 COMPACT, Oompac'tus, from con and pangere, 
 'to strike, to fix.' Solid, close. (F.) Compacte. 
 The term Compact Tissue is given to the hardest 
 and closest parts of bone. 
 
 COMPAGES, Articulation, Commissure — c. 
 Ossium per Lineam Simplicem, Harmony — e. 
 Vertebrarum, Vertebral column. 
 
 COMPAGINATIO, Commissure. 
 
 CO MP AS B'EPAISSEUR, see Pelvimeter. 
 
 COMPASSIO, Sympathy. 
 
 COMPEBA, Piper cubeba. 
 
 COMPENSATIOX, Balannement. 
 
 COMPEPER, Piper cubeba. 
 
 COMPER'NIS ; from con, and jperna, 'a gam- 
 mon of bacon with the leg on.' One who has his 
 knees turned inwards. A case of distortion of 
 the legs. 
 
 COMPETEISTTIA MEMBROEUM OMNIUM, 
 Svmmetrv. 
 'COMPLAINT, Disease. 
 
 CoJiPLAixT, Eamilt, see Hereditary. 
 
 COMPLEMENTAL AIR, see Respiration. 
 
 COMPLEMENTARY AIR, see Eespii-ation. 
 
 COMPLETIO, Plethora. 
 
 COMPLEX, Complex' us, from con, 'with,' and 
 plectere, ' to twist.' Embracing several distinct 
 things. Chaussier uses this term, in his anato- 
 mical descriptions, for complicated. 
 
 COMPLEXIO, Coition, Complexio, Confusio, 
 Temperament. 
 
 COMPLEXION, Complex'io. This is often 
 employed, in English, for the colour of the face, 
 as " He lias a good complexion," — a "sallow com- 
 2)lexion," &o. It formerly had a more extensive 
 signification, and still has in France. It signifies 
 the aggregate of physical characters presented 
 by any individual, considered with respect to his 
 external arrangement or condition. It means 
 more than constitution, for which it is used syno- 
 nymously in many cases ; and differs from tevi- 
 2ierament. which is less the external condition 
 of the body than the state or disposition of the 
 organs in health, — H. Cloquet* 
 
 COMPLEXUS, Complex. 
 
 COMPLESUS Minor, Masto'ideus latera'lis, Tra- 
 elie'lo-masto'ideus,(F.)Trachelo-masto'idien,3Iuscle 
 petit Complexus. It arises from the transverse 
 processes of the last four cervical vertebrae, and 
 ■is inserted into the mastoid process. 
 
 Complexus Mus'culus, Biven'ter Oervi'cis, 
 Complexus Major, Dorso-traehelon-oecipital, Tra- 
 15 
 
 chclo-occipifal (Ch.), (F.) 3Iuscle grand complexus, 
 A muscle, situate at the hind part of the neck, 
 where it extends from the interval that separates 
 the two prominent ridges on the posterior surface 
 of the OS oecipitis to the transverse and articular 
 processes of the last sis cervical vertebraB, as 
 well as to those of the first five dorsal. It serves 
 to straighten, incline, and turn the head. 
 
 COMPLICA'TION, CompUca'tio, from coii, 
 'with,' and plicare, 'to fold.' In medicine, it 
 moans the presence of several diseases, morhi 
 complica'ti seu perplex'i, or of several adventi- 
 tious circumstances foreign to the primary disease. 
 
 COMPOSIT"ION, Com2}osit"io, from cowpo- 
 nere, {con And. ponere, 'to place ;' 'to place toge- 
 ther.' Syn'thesis. The act of composing or com- 
 pounding, — of medicines for example; lamato- 
 syntax'is. Also, the Compound, Compos'itum, or 
 thing compounded. Likewise, a combination. 
 
 COMPOSITUM, Compound. 
 
 COMPOUND. Same etymology; to mix me- 
 dicines. To mingle different ingredients into 
 one whole. Used adjectively, compound signifies 
 the result of the union of several medicinal 
 agents, as "a compound medicine." 
 "COMPREIIENSIO, Catalepsy. 
 
 COMPRENSIO, Catalepsy. 
 
 COM'PRESS, Compres' sa, Splenium, Spleniola, 
 Splenis'eus, Pla'gula, Penicil'him, Penic'ulum, 
 from comprimere, [con, and premere, 'to press,') 
 'to press together.' (F.) Comjrresse. Folded 
 pieces of lint or rag, so contrived as, by the aid 
 of a bandage, to make due pressure upon any 
 part. According to their shape, direction, and 
 use, compresses have been called long ((F.) lon- 
 gueties,) square [carrees,) triangidar, j^rismatie, 
 graduated (gi-aduees,) sp)lit {/endues,) fenetreeSf 
 crihlees, croix de Malte, oblique, circular, divid- 
 ing {divisives,) uniting {iinisantes,) cribriform, &c. 
 
 The Umschlag or compress of the hydropa- 
 thists is a cloth, well wetted with cold water, 
 applied to the surface near the supposed seat of 
 disease, securely covered with a dry cloth, a.nd 
 changed as often as it becomes dry. It is some- 
 times covered with a layer of oiled silk, to pre- 
 vent evaporation. 
 
 COMPEESSEUR BE BUPUYTEEN, Com- 
 pressor of Dupuytren — c. du Nez, Compressor 
 nasi — e. do la Prostate, Compressor prostatas. 
 
 COMPRESSIO, Compression, Thlipsis. 
 
 COMPRES'SION, Comp)ressio, Enerei'sis. 
 Same etj'mology. Pressure ; methodical com- 
 pression. An agent frequently had recourse to 
 in surgery. We comjyress a limb, afi"ected with 
 cedeina, varices, hydrop)S ctriicuU, callous nicer, &.c. 
 The abdomen is compressed after delivery, after 
 paracentesis abdominis, &c. The eomj)ression is 
 produced by means of the roller, laced stocking, 
 &c., according to the part, and to the particular 
 case. Moderate 2^>'essure aids the contractility 
 of parts, and excites the action of the absorbents ; 
 so that large tumours at times disappear after it 
 has been used for some time. A greater degree 
 of pressure occasions, still more, the emaciation 
 of the part, but it is apt to impede the cirenla,- 
 tion. Pressure is often used to stop or moderate 
 the flow of blood in cases of aneurism or wounds 
 of arteries and veins. In such cases, the com- 
 pression may be immediate, when applied upon 
 the artery itself, or it may be mediate, when ap- 
 plied through the integuments and soft parts. 
 The French use the term Com2}ression immediate 
 laterale for that which is exerted perpendicularly 
 to the axis of a vessel, so as to flatten its sides. 
 It is practised with the finger, forceps, tourniquet, 
 compresses, &c. 
 
 CoMPREs'siON OP THE Brain. This may arise 
 either from coagula of blood, a soft tumour A 
 
COMrRESSIVE 
 
 226 
 
 CONCHA 
 
 bony excrescence, a depressed portion of the 
 fikull, or the presence of some foreign body. The 
 effects vary, according as the compression takes 
 place suddenly or gradually. When suddenly, 
 the symptoms are of the comatose or apoplectic 
 character. V/hen gradually, mania, convulsions, 
 Ac, are more likely to occur. Compression, 
 arising from a depressed portion of skull, requires 
 the use of the trenhine. 
 
 COiVIPRES'SIVB, Compresai'vus. That which 
 compresses. A compressive bandage is one that 
 compresses the parti to which it is applied. 
 
 COMPRES'SOR or COMPRESSO'RIUM OF 
 DUPUYTREN, (F.) Compresseur de Diipuytren. 
 An instrument for compressing the femoral ar- 
 tery, invented by Dupuytren. It is constructed 
 on the same principles as the tourniquet of J. L. 
 Petit, from which it only differs in this respect ; — 
 that, instead of being maintained in its place by a 
 iitrap, which always compresses more or less the 
 circumference of the limb, the two pads are placed 
 at the extremities of a semicircle of steel, which, by 
 passing from one to the other without touching 
 the parts, limits the pressure to two opposite 
 points of the thigh, and permits the collateral 
 circulation to go on. 
 
 COJIPBESSOR Naris, Renai'iis, Nasa'lis, Trans- 
 versa'Us A'^asi, Myrtiform'is, Bilatato' res ala'rum 
 nasi, Constric'tor No^i, C. Na'rium, C. Naris, 
 Triangula' ris Nasi, (F.) Ilaxillo-narinal, Sus- 
 maxillo- nasal, — ( Ch., ) Compresseur du nez, 
 Transversal du nez. A muscle, situate at the sides 
 of the nose ; flat and triangular. It arises from 
 the inner part of the fossa canina, and passes to 
 the dorsum of the nose ; where it is confounded 
 with that of the opposite side. 
 
 Compressor or Coxstbictor of Ntjck. An 
 instrument for compressing the urethra, to ob- 
 viate incontinence of urine. It consists of a 
 girdle of iron, which surrounds the pelvis, to 
 which is fixed a plate of the same metal, that 
 compresses the urethra in perincBO. 
 
 Compressor Pbos'tat^, Prostat'ievs svpe'- 
 rior, Puhio-prostat' icus, Suh-puhio-prostat'icus, 
 (F.) Compresseur de la prostate. A muscle, ad- 
 mitted by Albinus, which is formed of the ante- 
 rior fibres of the Levator ani, that embrace the 
 prostate. It is the Prostat'icus supe'rior of 
 
 VVlNSLOW. 
 
 CoMPREs'soE Ure'thr.e. A muscle consisting 
 of two portions — one of which is transverse in its 
 direction, and, in consequence of its having been 
 particularly described by Mr. Guthrie, has been 
 called Guthrie's muscle. It arises from the ram lis 
 of the ischium, and passes inwards to embrace 
 the membranous urethra. The other portion is 
 perpendicular, descending from the pubis and 
 passing down to be inserted into the transverse 
 portion of the muscle. This portion has been 
 considered by many to be only the anterior fibres 
 of the levator ani; and having been described 
 by Mr. Wilson, it has been called Wilson's muscle. 
 
 Compressor VENiE Dorsa'lis Penis. A small 
 muscle, distinctly seen in animals, less distinctly 
 in man, which arises from the ramus of the pubis, 
 and ascending in a direction forwards is inserted 
 above the vena dorsalis, joining with its fellow 
 of the opposite side on the mesial line. Its use 
 is supposed to compress the vein in erection. It 
 is sometiiues called the muscle of Houston, after 
 I>r. Houston of Dublin. 
 
 COMPRESSORIUM, Compressor. 
 ' COMPTO'NIA ASPLENIFO'LIA,Z;r^)()WCTni'- 
 f.(Tr peregri'na, L. asplenifo'lia, Ifyo'ica asploii- 
 fo'lia. Sweet Fern, Shrubby Sweet Fern, Sweet 
 iiusJi, Fern bus?- Fern gale, Splcenwort bush. 
 Meadow fern, Astringent root. An indigenous 
 abru) Vy plant, which grows in sandy or stcn_)' 
 
 woods from New England to Vii-ginia. It pos- 
 sesses tonic and astringent properties, and is used 
 as a domestic remedy in diarrhoea, &c., in the 
 form of decoction. 
 
 COMPUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncturing. 
 
 CON^STHESIS, Coenaisthesis. 
 
 CONARIUM, Pineal gland. 
 
 CONATUS, Effort. 
 
 COKCiiRNATIO, Syssareosis. 
 
 CONCASSEFl, (F.), from conquassare, (con, 
 and quassare, 'to shake much,') 'to break to 
 pieces;' 'to comminute.' To reduce roots, woods, 
 <fcc. into small fragments, in order that their ac- 
 tive principles may be more readily separated 
 from them. 
 
 CONCAU'SA, Concaus'sa, Syna'tion. A cause 
 which co-operates with another, in the produc- 
 tion of disease. 
 
 CONCAVITAS CONCHULARIS CEREBRI, 
 Infundibulum of the brain. 
 
 CONCAVUM PEDIS, Sole. 
 
 CONCENTRAN'TIA, from con and centrum, 
 ' a centre.' A name once given to absorbents of 
 acids. 
 
 CONCENTRA'TION. Concentra'tio. A word 
 sometimes used, in medical theories, to express 
 an afflux of fluids, or a convergence of sensibility 
 or of vital force, towards an organ. It is applied, 
 also, to the pulsation of arteries, when not easily 
 felt under the finger. , 
 
 POULS CONCENTRE, (F.) A term ap- 
 plied by the French to a i)ulse of the above 
 
 CONCEPTACULA SEMINARIA, Vesiculse 
 seminariaj. 
 
 CONCEPTACULUM, Uterus, Vessel. 
 
 CONCEPTIO, Conception — c. Vitiosa, Preg- 
 nancy, extra-uterine. 
 
 CONCEPTION, Concep'tio, Concep'tus, Cye'- 
 sis, Syllep'sis, Androlep' sia, from concipio, {con 
 and capio,) ' I conceive.' The impregnation of 
 the ovum by the positive contact of the male 
 sperm, whence results a new being. The whole 
 subject of conception is most mysterious. It 
 seems to occur as follows. During the sexual 
 union, the male sperm passes along the uterus 
 and Fallopian tubes : the fimbriated extremities 
 of the latter seize hold of the ovarium; and the 
 sperm in this manner comes in contact with a 
 maturated ovum, and impregnates it. The fe- 
 cundated ovum remains some time in the ovarium, 
 hut at length bursts its covering, is laid hold of 
 by the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian 
 tube, and passes along the tube into the cavity 
 of the uterus, where it remains for the full period 
 of utero-gestation. Some are of opinion, that 
 the ovum is not impregnated until it has entered 
 the Fallopian tubes, or uterus. 
 
 Concep'tion, False, Falsus Concep'tus, Spu'- 
 rium germen, (F.) Fausse conception, Faux germe. 
 An irregular, preternatural conception, the result 
 of which is a mole or some similar production, 
 instead of a properly organized fcotus. See Mole. 
 
 CONCEP'TUS. The first rudiments of the 
 foetus, after conception. Also, conception. 
 
 CoNCEPTxrs Falsus, Conception, false. 
 
 CONCHA, Conchtis. A liquid measure, 
 amongst the Athenians, equal to half an ounce. 
 Anatomists apply this term to several hollow 
 parts of the body; — as the Concha of the Ear, — 
 Concha Auris, Concha Auric' ula; ; (F.) Conqne — 
 the hollow part of the cartilage of the extern.-il 
 ear. It has, also, been applied to the genital 
 organs of the female ; to the patella, &c.. 
 
 Concha, Patella, Turbinated bono (middle.) 
 Vulva — c. Auris interna, Cochlea — c. Cerebri, 
 Infundibulum of the brain — c. Genu, Patella — c. 
 Inferior, Turbinated bone, (inferior) — c. Laby- 
 
CONCHA NARIUM 
 
 227 
 
 CONBUIT 
 
 rintM, Cochlea — c. Morgagniana, Turbinated 
 bone, (superior) — c. Narium superior, Turbinated 
 bone, (superior). 
 
 CONCH.E NARIUM, Turbinated_bones. 
 
 CONCHA'RUM ANTIFEBRI'LE. A febri- 
 fuge and sudorific preparation in Bates's Pharma- 
 copoeia. It was composed of vinegar, mussel- 
 shells, and water of Carduus henedictus. 
 
 CONCHO-HELIX. A small, fleshy, fascicu- 
 lus, attached to the concha of the ear and helix. 
 It is also called the small muscle of the helix. 
 
 COXCHUS, Concha. The cranium. In the 
 plural, it means the orbitar cavities. — Castelli. 
 
 CoNCHUs OcuLi, Orbit. 
 
 CONCHYLIA, Turbinated bones. 
 
 CONCIDENTIA, Collapse. 
 
 CONCILIA CORPORALIA, Coitus. 
 
 CONCIL'JUM. A milky plant, referred to by 
 Pliny as aphrodisiac and antiphthisical. Adanson 
 considers it to be a Campanula. 
 
 CONCOCTED, Concoc'tHs, jMatura'tns, Pepei'- 
 rus; from con and coquere, 'to boil.' Brought to 
 maturity; ripe; concocted; digested. 
 
 CONCOCTIO, Coction— c. Tarda, Dyspepsia. 
 
 CONCOCTION, Coction. 
 
 G0NG03IBRE ORDINAIRE, Cucumis sati- 
 vus — c. Saiivaije, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 CONCOMITANS, Concomitant. 
 
 CONCOM'ITANT, Coneom' itans, from con and 
 eomitare, (itself from comire, — cum and ire,) 'to 
 go with.' That which accompanies. A symptom 
 which accompanies others. 
 
 CONCREMATIO, Calcination. 
 
 CONCREMENTA ZOOHYLICA, see Zoo- 
 hylica. 
 
 CONCREMENTUM, Concretion. 
 
 CONCRETIO, Adherence, Concretion — c. 
 Palpebrarum cum bulbo oculi, Symblepharosis. 
 
 CONCRE'TION, Concre'tio, Concremen' turn, 
 from concrescere, (con and crescere,) 'to condense, 
 thicken, become solid :' Pexis, Si/mpex'is, irrj^i;, 
 wiiTTJi^tg. The act of becoming thick or solid. 
 It was once used synonymously with adhesion or 
 growing together, — as, " concretion of the toes." 
 Most commonly, it is applied to extraneous and 
 inorganic bodies, of a solid character, met with 
 in different textures, after certain chronic inflam- 
 mations ; or which make their appearance in the 
 joints or in the reservoirs for excrementitial fluids. 
 Concretion is, therefore, frequently synonymous 
 with Calculus, and is then rendered, in Latin, by the 
 word Ooncrementum. But Concretion has a more 
 extensive signification than Calculus; thus, acci- 
 dental ossifications or deposits of phosphate of lime 
 in certain organs, and especially in the liver and 
 Ivaigs, are properly called osseous concretions. 
 They could not well be called osseous calculi. 
 
 Concretion, Fibrinous, Sanguineous, Po- 
 liYPiPomr, or Polypus, op the Heart, see Poly- 
 pus — c. Intestinalis, Calculus of the Stomach and 
 Intestines. 
 
 CONCRETIONES ALVIN^, Calculi of the 
 stomach and intestines. 
 
 CONCUBITUS, Coition— c. Venereus, Coition. 
 
 CONCUR'SUS, from concurrere, (co7i, and cur- 
 rcre, cursum, 'to run,') 'to meet together,' Syn'- 
 dromc. The congeries or collection of symptoms, 
 which constitute and distinguish a particular dis- 
 ease. 
 
 CONCUS'SION, Commo'tion, from concutio, 
 (con and quatere, 'to shake,') ' I shake together.' 
 Goncus'sio, Thlasma Concus'sw, Commo'tio, Ana- 
 sis'mus, Tinaf/mus, (F.) Commotion. In Surgery/, 
 it is used for the agitation often communicated to 
 one organ by a fall upon another; as to the brain 
 from a fall on the breech, &c. 
 
 In all severe injuries ; in sudden encephalic 
 hemorrhage, and in overwhelming emotions, a 
 
 concussion or shocJc is felt to a greater or less ex- 
 tent in the nervous S3'stem, which requires tha 
 careful attention of the physician. 
 
 Concussion of the Brain, Commo'tio Cer'ehri, 
 Apoplex'ia nervo'sa traumat'ica, Encephnlosis' - 
 mus, (F.) Commotion du Cerveau, sometimes gives 
 rise to alarming symptoms, even to abolition of 
 the functions of the brain, yet without any sen- 
 sible organic disease. Slight concussion of the 
 brain, called stunning, consists in vertigo, tinnitus 
 aurium, loss of memory, and stupefaction ; all 
 these being temporary. When more severe, there 
 is instant loss of sensation and volition," vomiting, 
 the patient being as if in a sound sleep, but there 
 is no stertorous breathing. Pulse variable, gene- 
 rally more rapid and feeble than in compression; 
 extremities cold. Little can be done here, till 
 reaction has occurred : after this, the case must 
 be treated according to general principles, — by 
 bleeding, blisters, cold applied to the head, &c. 
 After severe concussion, a patient, although ap- 
 parently well, is not safe till some time after the 
 accident. 
 
 CONDENSAN'TIA, from con and c/ensws, 
 'dense;' Incrassan' tia. Medicines esteemed 
 proper for inspissating the humours. 
 
 CONDENSATIO, Condensation, Stegnosis. 
 
 CONDENSA'TION, Condensa'tio, Insp>issa'tio. 
 Increase in density of the blood and other liquids, 
 or of the solids, which enter into the composition 
 of the human body. 
 
 CONDENSER, see Alembic. 
 
 Conden'sek, Liebig's. a distillatory arrange- 
 ment, invented by Liebig, in which the tube con- 
 veying the vapour is made to pass through an- 
 other tube, the calibre of which is such as to 
 leave a space between the two, through which a 
 stream of water may be made to run. 
 
 CON'DIMENT. Condimen'tum, Ar'tyma, Ee- 
 dys'ma, Conditu'ra, from condire, ' to season.' 
 (F.) Assaissonnement. Some substances are called, 
 at times, aliments, and at others, condiments, ac- 
 cording as they constitute the basis or the acces- 
 sory to any dish : such are cream, butter, mush- 
 rooms, olives, &c. Others are always condiments, 
 as they are only used to improve the savour of 
 food, and contain but little nutritive matter. Such 
 are pepper, salt, einnam~©n, &o. Almost all con- 
 diments are possessed of stimulant properties. 
 
 CONDIT, Confection. 
 
 CONDI'TUM, same ctj^mon. A pharmaceu- 
 tical compound of wine, honey, and some aro- 
 maties. especially pepper. Also, a confection. 
 
 CONDITURA CADAVERUM, Embalming. 
 
 CONDOM, Armour, (F.) Baudriiche, Redin- 
 gote Anglaise, Gant des Dames, Calotte d'assnr ■ 
 anee. The intestinum csecum of a sheep, soake(l 
 for some hours in water, turned inside out, mar 
 eerated again in weak, alkaline ley, — changed 
 every twelve hours, and scraped carefully to ab- 
 stract the mucous membrane, leaving the perito- 
 neal and muscular coats exposed to the vapour of 
 burning brimstone, and afterwards washed with 
 soap and water. It is then blown up, dried, cut 
 to the length of seven or eight inches, and bor- 
 dered at the open end with a riband. It is drawn 
 over the penis prior to coition, to prevent vene- 
 real infection and pregnancy. 
 
 CONDUCTIO, Tonic spasm. Convulsion. 
 
 CONDUCTION, VIBRATIONS OF, see 
 Sound. 
 
 CONDUCTOR, Direc'tor, Itinera' rium, (F.) 
 Conducteur ; from con, 'with,' and ducere, *to 
 lead.' That which conducts. The Gondwtor was 
 an instrument, formerly used in the high opera- 
 tion for the stone, for directing the forceps into 
 the bladder. 
 
 CONDUIT, Canal — c. Auditif exterve, Audi- 
 
CONDUITS 
 
 228 
 
 COXFECTIO 
 
 tory canal, external — c. Auditif interne, Auditory 
 canal, internal — c. Auriculaire, Auditory canal, 
 external — c. Choledoque, Choledoch duet — c. De- 
 ferent, Deferens — c. d'Emfache, Eustachian tube 
 — c. Gutturale de I'oreille, Eustachian tube — c. La- 
 hyrintMrjiie, Auditory canal, internal — c. Ptiry- 
 yo'idten. Pterygoid canal — c. Sousorhitaire, Sub- 
 orbitar canal — c. Spermatique, Deferens (vas) — 
 c. Thoracique, Thoracic duct — c. Vidien, Ptery- 
 goid canal. 
 
 CONDUITS ADIPEUX, Fatty canals — c. 
 Aqiieux, see Aqueous — c. Aveugles de I'urethre, 
 see Caecus — c. Dentairea, Dental canals — c. Eja- 
 culateurs, Ejaculatory ducts — c. Lacrymavx, La- 
 chrymal ducts — c. Lactiferes, Lactiferous vessels 
 — c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutritive — c. Nutriciers, 
 Canals, nutritive. 
 
 CONDYLARTHRO'SIS, from Kovhvloi, 'a con- 
 dyle,' and apOoov, 'a joint.' Articulation by con- 
 dyles. An elongated head or condyle, received 
 into an elliptical cavity. 
 
 CON'DYLE, Con'dyle, Con'dylus, Capit'ulum, 
 from Kov5v\o?, 'a knot, eminence.' An articular 
 eminence, round in one direction, flat in the other. 
 A kind of process, met with more particularly in 
 the ginglymoid joints; — such as the condyles of 
 the occipital, inferior maxillary bone, &c. Some 
 anatomists have applied the term, however, to 
 eminences that are not articular,— as to the late- 
 ral tuberosities at the inferior extremity of the os 
 humeri, and even to certain depressions, — as to 
 the concave articular surfaces at the upper extre- 
 mity of the tibia. Chaussier calls the transverse 
 root of the zygomatic process Condyle of the tem- 
 poral bone. 
 
 CONDYLI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges 
 of the fingers. 
 
 COND YLIEN, see Condyloid Foramina. 
 CONDYLIUS, Condyloid. 
 
 CON'DYLOID, Condyloi'deus, Condylo'des, 
 Condyl'ius, from Kovhv\oi, a ' condyle,' and u&os, 
 'shape.' Having the shape of a condyle. 
 
 Condyloid FoRAM'iNA,i^o)-a??i'») a Condyloidea, 
 (F.) Trous condylo'idiens, Posses condylo'idiennes. 
 These are distinguished into anterior and poste- 
 rior. They are four in number, seated in the 
 occipital bone ; — two anterior, and two posterior 
 to the condyles or condyloid ji'i'ocessea of the 
 s.ime bone, and to depressions, which are called 
 FosscB Condyloidea. 
 
 As the word Condylo'idien means — ' that which 
 has the shape of a condyle,' — it has been judi- 
 ciously proposed by some French anatomists that 
 condylien should be used in preference, in the 
 case of the foramina and fossae. 
 
 CONDYLOIDIEN, see Condyloid Foramina. 
 CONDY'LO'MA, Condylo'sis, Con'dylus, Ver- 
 ru'oa carno'sa, from Koviv'Xog, ' a knot,' ' an emi- 
 nence.' A soft, fleshy excrescence, of an indolent 
 character, which appears near the orifice of the 
 genital organs and rectum, and occasionally on 
 the fingers and toes. It is a consequence of the 
 eyphilitic virus. Such tumours are also called 
 Dermophy' mata vene'rea. 
 CONDYLOSIS, Condyloma. 
 CONDYLUS, Condyloma. 
 CONESSI CORTEX, Nerium antidysenteri- 
 cum. 
 f CONFEC'TIO, Confec'tion, from conficio, [con, 
 and /«cere, ' to make,') 'I make up.' Alig'ulus, 
 (P.) Confiture, Condit. In general it means any 
 thing made up or preserved with sugar. In the 
 Idte London Pharmacopoeias, it includes the arti- 
 cles before called electuaries and conserves. Con- 
 fec'tio or Confec'tum also means Confectionary. 
 CoNFECTio Alkermes, Alkermcs. 
 CONFECTIO KilYGH A.1.A' RVll, Almond Confection, 
 Almond Paste, Pasta re'gia, P. Amygdali'na, 
 
 Pasta Einuhi'va, Buty'rum Amygdala'rum DuV- 
 cium,(Y.) Confection d'Amandes. (Sweet almonds, 
 5j ; gum acacia, 3J > *<-'/) ite sugar, giv. Blanch 
 the almonds, and beat into a paste.) A good 
 mode of keeping almonds in a state fit for making 
 emulsions. 
 
 CoNFECTlo ARCniG"ENI, C. Pauli'na. [Castor, 
 long p)epper, black pepper, storax, galbaniim, 
 eostus, ojjiuni, of each gss; saffron, gij ; syrvp 
 of ivormwood, 5u-) ■'-'' ^''^^ much recommended 
 as a stimulant in nervous afi"ections. 
 
 CoNFECTio Aromat'ica, Electua'rium Aromat'- 
 icum, C. Cardi'aca, C. Raleigha'na, Aromatic 
 Confection, Sir Walter EaleigVs Cordial. The 
 following is the Ph. U. S. formula. [Pulv. aromat. 
 ^vss ; croci, in pulv. §ss; syrup, aurant. ^vj ; 
 Mel despumat. gij. Rub the aromatic powder 
 with the safi"ron ; then add the syrup and honey, 
 and beat together until thoroughly mixed.) Dose, 
 9jto3J. - 
 
 CoNFECTiO AuRANTlo'RTJJf, C. Auran'tH Cor'- 
 ticis, (Ph. U. S.), Conser'va -Cor' ticum Aurantio'- 
 rum, C. Cor'ticis Exterio'ris Aurantii Mispalen' - 
 sis, C. Flared' inis Corticum Aurantiorum Hispa- 
 len'sijim, Conser'va Aurantii, C. Citri Aurantii, 
 Confection of the Orange, Conserve of Orange 
 Peel. [ Yellow part of the peel of the orange, ftj ; 
 rectified sugar, Ibiij ; beat into a conserve.) It is 
 stomachic, and an agreeable vehicle, corrigent, 
 and adjuvant for other remedies. Dose, §ss. 
 CoNFECTio Cardiaca, Confectio aromatica. 
 CoNFECTlO CAS'si-ffi, Electua'rium Cassia Fis'- 
 tidcs, E. Cassia, E. e Cassia, E. laxati'vum, Con- 
 serva Cassia, Electuarium Cassia tamarinda'tum 
 seu leniti'vum, Electua'rium e Cassia, Diaeas'sia 
 cumllannd, Cassia Confection. [Cassia pndp, Ibss ; 
 manna, gij ; tamarind jmlp, gj ; syrup of roses, 
 B)ss. Bruise the manna, dissolve by heat, mix 
 the pulp, and evaporate.) It is gently laxative. 
 Dose, ^ss. 
 
 CosFECTio Damocratis, Mithridate. 
 Confectio Hamec, — so called from an Arabian 
 physician, — was composed of the bark of the 
 yelloio myrobalans, black myrobalans, i^iolets, j)''dp 
 of colocynfh, polypodium of the oak, leaves of 
 wormtcood, thyme, aniseed, fennel, red roses, pul]>8 
 of prunes, raisins, sugar, honey, senna, rhubarb, 
 &c. It was used as a purgative in glysters. 
 
 Confectio Hyacin'thi, Hy'acinth Confection, 
 Electua'rinm seu Confec'tio de Croco emenda'ta 
 olirn dicta de hyaein'this, (Ph. P.) A tonic and 
 slightlj'' astringent confection, composed, accord- 
 ing to Baume, of terra sigillata, crab's stones, 
 cinnamon, leaves of the dittany of Crete, myrrh, 
 saff'ron, syrup of lemon, camphor, A arbonne honey, 
 oil of lemon, &c. : and formerly the hyacinth was 
 added, whenee its name. 
 
 Confectio O'pii, Electua'rium Opia'tum, Con- 
 fectio Opia'ta, Philo'nium Londinen'se, Theriaca 
 Edinen'sis, Philo'nium lioma'num, Electua'rium 
 Theba'icum. Opium Confection, [Opium, in t^ovt- 
 der, givss; Pulv. aromat. 5vj; Mel desjmmat. 
 ^xiv; mix thoroughly. One grain of opium in 
 36: — Ph. U. S.) It is narcotic and stimulant. 
 Dose, gr. x to Qj. 
 
 Confectio Paulina, Confectio Archigeni — c. 
 ex Capitibus papaveris, Diacodium. 
 
 Confectio Pip'eris Nigri, Ward's Paste for 
 Fis'tula. [Black jicjrper, elecam2}ane root, each 
 Ibj ; fennel seed, Ibiij ; ichite sugar, Ibij.) Dose, 
 size of a nutmeg, three or four times a day. 
 Confectio Raleighana, Confectio aromatica. 
 Confectio Ros^ Cani'n^, Consei-'va Posts 
 Cani'na, Conserva Cynos'bati, C. Cynor'rhodi, 
 Bob Cynos'batos, Confection or Conserve of Dog 
 Base. [Pulp of dog rose, foj ; sugar, ^xx. In- 
 corporate. Ph. L.) It is chiefly used as a vehicle 
 for other remedies. 
 
CONFECTION 
 
 229 
 
 CONGENITAL 
 
 CoNTECTlO Ros^, C. lioscB Gal'h'cm, Cow^er'ra 
 lioscB Gal'liccB, Conserva Iloscs, C. Flornm liosa'- 
 rum liuhra'rum, G. Floruni Rosa Rubrm, Rho- 
 dosac'cJiaritm, Sac' eharttm Rosa'cewn, G. Roses 
 RuhrcB, Confection of the Red Rose. ^ [Red roses, 
 in powder, ^^iv ,• Sugar, in powder, §xxx ; Clari- 
 fied honey, ^vj; Rose water, f^^viij. Rub the 
 roses with the rose water at a boiling heat; then 
 add gradually the sugar and honey, and beat 
 vtntil thoroughly mixed. — Ph. U. S.) It is 
 astringent, and chiefly used as a vehicle for other 
 remedies. 
 
 CoxFECTio RuTjE, Confection of Rue. {Rue 
 leaves dried, carraivay seeds, hay herries, of each 
 §iss; sarjapenum, ^lY ; Mack pepper, '^ly, honey, 
 ^xvj ; Mix.) It is given in clysters, as an an- 
 tispasmodic and carminative, 
 
 CoNFECTio DB San'tALIS, Confection of the 
 Sanders, (F.) Confection de Sandaux. (Sandal 
 wood, red coral, bole armeniac, terra sigillata, 
 kermes herries, tormentil root, dittany, saffron, 
 myrtle, red roses, calcined hartshorn, and cloves.) 
 It was formerlj' used as an astringent. 
 
 CoNFECTio ScAioio'ni^, Electua'rium Scammo'- 
 nvi, Electuarium e Scammo'nio, Caryocostinum, 
 Confection of Scam'mony. (Powdered scammony, 
 ^iss ; bruised cloves, powdered ginger, aa qV^ ; 
 oil of carraivay, ^^s; syrup of roses, q. s.) A 
 stimulating catha.rtic. Dose, ^ss to gj- 
 
 CoNFBCTio Senn^, Electua' riuiH CassicB Sennas, 
 E. SenncB cum Pulpis, E. SenncB compos' itum, 
 Benedic'tuni Laxati'vwn, Electuarium ape'riens, 
 E. cathol' icttm commu'ne, E. diapru'num, E. ecco- 
 prot'icum, E. Sennce, E. e Senna, E. leniti'vum. 
 Confection of Senna, &c. (Senna leaves, 5^iij 5 
 figs, Ibj ; tamarind pulp, cassia pulp, pulp of 
 French prunes, each Ibss; coriander seed, ^iv ; 
 liquorice root, ^iij ; sugar, Ibiiss ; icater, Giv. 
 Rub the senna and coriander together : separate 
 10 ounces of the powder with a sieve ; boil the 
 residue with the figs and liquorice root in the 
 water to one-half; press out the liquor and strain. 
 Evaporate the liquor by means of a water bath 
 to a pint and a half; add the sugar, and form a 
 syrup. Rub the pulps with the syrup, gradually 
 added ; throw in the sifted powder, and beat till 
 thoroughly mixed. — Ph. U.S.) It is a laxative, 
 and is used in habitual constipation, and in con- 
 stipation during pregnancy. Dose, ^ss to gss. 
 
 CoNFECTiO DE Thure, Frank' iucense Confec- 
 tion, (F.) Confection d'Encens. A compound of 
 coriander seeds, nutmeg, thus, liquorice, mastich, 
 cuhebs, prepared hartshorn, conserve of red roses, 
 sugar, &c. 
 
 CONFECTION, Confectio— c. d'Amandes, Con- 
 fection, almond — c. d'Encens, Confeoisio de Thure 
 — c. Frankincense, Confectio de Thure — c. of the 
 Orange, Confectio aui'antiorum — e. of the Red 
 rose, Confectio roste Gallicse — c. of Rue, Confec- 
 tio rutse — c. de Sandaux, Confectio de santalis — 
 e. of the Sanders, Confectio de santalis. 
 
 CONFECTUM, Confection. 
 
 CONFERVA HELMINTHOCORTOS, Coral- 
 lina Corsicana. 
 
 Confer'va Riva'lis. This species of River 
 Weed has been recommended in cases of spas- 
 modic asthma, phthisis, &c. 
 
 CONFIRMANTIA, Tonics. 
 
 CONFIRMED, Consummatus. 
 
 CONFITURE, Confection. 
 
 CONFLUENT, Oon'fluens, from con, and flu- 
 ere, ' to flow.' An epithet for certain exanthe- 
 matous affections, in which the pimples, pustules, 
 Ac, run together. It is particularly applied to 
 small-pox, so circumstanced. Some authors have 
 called scarlatina or scarlet fever Confluent Measles, 
 Morbil'li Confluen'tes, 
 
 CONFL UENT DES SINUS, Torcular Here 
 phili. 
 
 CONFLUEN'TIA, Gonfcedera'tio ; same et/- 
 mon as Confluent. A term, employed by Para- 
 celsus to express the concordance between a dis- 
 ease and its remedies. 
 
 CONFLUXIO, Svmpathy. 
 
 CONFCEDERATIO, Confluentia. 
 
 CONFORMATIO, Conformation, Structure. 
 
 CONFORMA'TION, Gonforma'tio, Diap'lasia, 
 Diap)las'mus, Strticture, from conformare, (con, 
 and formare, ' to form,') ' to arrange,' ' dispose.' 
 The natural disposition or arrangement of the 
 body. 
 
 Faulty conformation, (F.) Vice de conformation, 
 is vice of original formation ; existing, of course, 
 from birth. In French surgery, Conformation ia 
 used synonymously with Coaptation, and both it, 
 Diaplasis and Anaplasis mean, also, restoratiou 
 to the original form — as in fractures,. &c. 
 
 CONFORTANTIA, Tonics. 
 
 CONFORTATIVA, Tonics. 
 
 CONFORTER (F.), Confirms' re, Conforta're, 
 Corrobora're. To make stronger — to give en- 
 ergy. Conforter I'estomac, ' to strengthen the 
 stomach.' 
 
 CONFRICA'TION, Confrica'tio, from confri- 
 care, (con, and fricare,) 'to rub.' The action of 
 reducing a friable substance to powder, by rub- 
 bing it between the fingers ; and of expressing 
 the juice of a plant with the hand. 
 
 CONFRICA'TRIX, from con, 'with,' and fri- 
 care, ' to rub.' A female who practises mastur- 
 bation. 
 
 CONFU'SuE FEBRES. Intermittents, whose 
 paroxysms are irregular and confused.— Bellini. 
 
 CONFU'SIO, from confundo, (con a.ndfundere, 
 'to pour,') 'I mix together;' Syn'chisis. A dis- 
 ease of the ej'e, which consists in the mixture of 
 the humours. — Galen. In modern times', Syn- 
 chysis has been applied to a morbid state of the 
 vitreous body, in which it is reduced to a difflu- 
 ent condition. It has, also, been used synony- 
 mously with Gomplexio. 
 
 CONFUSIONES ANIMI, Affections of the 
 mind. 
 
 CONGEE DISCHARGES, Rice-water dis- 
 charces. 
 
 CONGELANTIA, Congelativa. 
 
 CONGELATIO, Catalepsy. 
 
 CONGELA'TION, Congela'tio, Conglacia'tio, 
 Gela'tio, from congelo, (con and gelare,) 'I con- 
 geal,' ' I freeze.' The action of congealing, of 
 passing to the solid state by the abstraction of 
 heat; as congelation of water, mercury, &c. The 
 term had once other acceptations. 1. It was sy- 
 nonymous with concretion. 2. With coagulation, 
 in which sense it is still occasionally ernployed. 
 3. The ancients called all diseases, produced by 
 cold, congelations, as well as those in which there 
 was a kind of stupor or torpor — particularly cata- 
 lepsy. Also, Frostbite. 
 
 CONGELATI'VA MEDICAMEN'TA, Con- 
 glutinan'tia, Gongelan'tia. Medicines, considered 
 capable of uniting or consolidating wounds, &c. 
 
 CON'GENER, Congen'erous, from con, 'with,' 
 and (/emis, 'kind.' CF.) Congenere. Ofthesama 
 kind or species. Resembling each other in somo 
 manner. When applied to muscles, it means, 
 that they concur in the same action ; in opposi. 
 tion to the word antagonist, or that which acts iu 
 an opposite direction. 
 
 In France Gongeneres is applied to those who 
 join in the dissection of the same subject. 
 
 CONGENIALIS, Congenital. 
 
 CONGENITiE NOT^, Ntevus. 
 
 CONGEN'ITAL, Con'genite, Congenia'Us, Con~ 
 gen'itus, Si/ngen'icus, from eon, 'with,' and genir 
 
congestj:d 
 
 230 
 
 CONNECTICUT 
 
 (us, 'begottSQ.' (F.) Congenial ou Congenital. 
 Diseases which infants have at birth: hence, 
 Congenital affections are those that depend on 
 faulty conformation ; as congenital hernia, conge- 
 nital cataract, &o. See Connate. 
 
 CONGESTED, HyperEemic. 
 
 CONGESTIO, Congestion — c. Abdominalis, 
 Coeliasmia — c. Pectoris, Stethsemia — c. Pulmo- 
 nura, Stethsemia — e. Sanguinis, Congestion. 
 
 CONGES'TION, Conges'tio, llhope, from con- 
 gcrere, ' to amass, ' accumulate,' &c. Symph'ora, 
 lleBniatepago' ge,H(Bniatosymphore' siSyHamatosyn- 
 ugo'ge, Hamorme'sis, SympJiore'ma, Symphore'sia, 
 Synathrois'mus, Synathroe'sis, Sanguinis Conges'- 
 tio, Engorgement. Accumulation of blood — hy- 
 permmin — in an organ. It is an important symp- 
 tom in febrile and other disorders. It may arise 
 either from an extraordinary flow of blood by the 
 arteries, or from a difficulty in the return of blood 
 to the heart by the veins. More often, perhaps, 
 it is owing to the latter cause, and is termed ve- 
 nous congestion, stasis or stagnation — being not 
 unusually attended with symptoms of oppression 
 and collapse. 
 
 Congestion of the Abdomen, Coeliasmia — c. 
 of the Brain, Stethasmia — c. Cerebrale, Cephalo- 
 htemia — c. dn, Cerveau, CephalohjBmia — c. of the 
 Lungs, Stethsemia— c. des Poumons, Stethsemia — 
 c. Sanguine rachidiemie, Hypermyelohajmia. 
 
 CONGESTIVE FEVER, see Fever, congestive. 
 
 CONGLACIATIO, Congelation. 
 
 CO i^GthO'BAT'E,Congloha'tus, from conglohare, 
 (con, and globus, 'a ball,') 'to collect,' 'to gather 
 into a ball.' (F.) Conglobe. 
 
 Conglobate Gland, Glan'dula congloba'ta, 
 Glandala 3Iuco'sa, Hydraden, Globate gland, 
 Zymphat'ic gan'glion, (F.) Glande Conglobec, 
 Ganglion lymp)liatique. A round body, formed 
 of lymphatic vessels, connected together by cel- 
 lular structure, but having neither a cavity nor 
 excretory duct. The mesenteric, inguinal and 
 axillary glands are of this class. 
 
 CONGLOBE, Conglobate. 
 
 CONGLOM'ERATE, Couglomera'tus, from con, 
 and glomerare, 'to gather in a heap.' Glom' erate, 
 Glomera'tus, (F.) Conglomere. Heaped together. 
 
 Conglom'erate Glands, Glan'dnla eonglome- 
 ra'tcB, Glan'dulcB vasculo'sre, are those whose 
 lobules are united under the same membrane ; 
 as the liver, kidney, testicle, &o. 
 
 CONGLOMERATIO INTESTINORUM, Epi- 
 ploce intestinalis. 
 
 CONGLUTINANTIA, Congelativa. 
 
 CONGEES, (F.) Congress, Congres'sus, from 
 eongredi, congressus, (con, and gradi, 'to go,') 
 ' to go together.' This term, which has often 
 been used synonymously with Coition, means, 
 also, the ocular proof, formerly ordered by judi- 
 cial authority, in the presence of surgeoiis and 
 matrons, to test the impotence or capabilities of 
 parties ; — a most unsatisfactory and indecent ex- 
 hibition. It was forbidden by the Parliament 
 of Paris in the year 1667. 
 
 CONGRESSUS, Coition. 
 
 CONI VASCULO'SI. Conical bundles, formed 
 by the vasa efferentia of the testis ; having their 
 base towards the epididymis, into the tube of 
 which they enter. 
 
 CONIA, Kovia. A wine, prepared by ferment- 
 ing the must of the grape on tar previously washed 
 io sea-water. — Orfila. See, also, Lixivium. 
 
 CONIA SIS, Incrustation. 
 
 CONIOSTOSIS, Pulverization. 
 
 CONIS, Pulvis. 
 
 CONISTERTUM, Apodyterium. 
 
 CONI'UM, C. macula'tum, Corian' drum macu- 
 Wtum, Cicuta major seu macula'ta seu Stoerhii, 
 A^i'otea, Cicuta terres'tiii, Cicuta major foe' tida, 
 
 C. vulga'ris. Common Hemloch, Ilemloch, Poison 
 parsley, Sjjotted parsley, (F.) Cigue ordinaire, G. 
 grande. Nat. Ord. Umbellifersa. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Digynia. The leaves and seeds are 
 narcotic and poisonous in an over-dose. Light 
 destroys the virtues of the leaves; and, therefore, 
 the powder should be kept in opaque bottles, woll 
 corked. It has been used as a palliative in cancer 
 and other painful affections ; but is not equal to 
 opium.. Externally, it has been applied in fo- 
 mentation to cancerous and scrofulous ulcers. 
 Dose, gr. ij to x. 
 
 Da'vidson's Remedy for Cancer is said to con- 
 sist of powdered hemloch and arsenious acid. 
 
 CoNiuM Moscha'tum, Aracacha. A very agree- 
 able and nutritive kind of tuberous vegetable, in 
 flavour not unlike celery, which grows on the 
 coast of Peru, but is more abundant on the pro- 
 jecting ridges of the Cordilleras, and on the east- 
 ern declivity of the Andes. It is cooked by being 
 either simply boiled in water, or made into a kind 
 of soup. — Tschudi. 
 
 CONJONCTIVE. Conjunctiva. 
 
 CONJONCTIVITE, see Ophthalmia— c. Blen- 
 norrJiaqique, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 CONJUGAISON, Conjugation. 
 
 CONJUGA'TION, Conjuga'tio, from conjugare, 
 (con, and jugu'm, 'a yoke,') 'to yoke together.' 
 (F.) Conjugaison. Assemblage, union, — Conju'- 
 gium. 
 
 Conjugatio'nis Foram'ina, (F.) Trous de con- 
 jugaison. The apertures at the sides of the spine, 
 formed by the union of the notches of the verte- 
 brae. They give passage to the nerves of the 
 spinal marrow, and to the vessels which enter or 
 issue from the vertebral canal. 
 
 CONJUGIUM, Coition, Conjugation. 
 
 CONJUNC'TI (MORBI), from conjungere, 
 (con and jungere,) 'to join together.' Diseases ■ 
 joined together. Authors have distinguished 
 two kinds of these : one, in which the diseases 
 go on simultaneously — morbi connex'i; the other, 
 in which they succeed each other — morbi conse- 
 quen'tes. 
 
 CONJUNCTIO, Articiilation. 
 
 CONJUNCTIVA, CUTICULAR, Xerophthal- 
 mia — c. Granular, Trachoma. 
 
 Conjuncti'va Membra'na, Circumcaula'lia, 
 Epipepth'ycos, Tu'nica agna'ta, Tu'nica adna'ta, 
 T. conjuncti'va, Tunda oc'idi, (F.) Conjonctive, 
 Membi-ane adnee. A mucous membrane, so called 
 because it unites the globe of the eye with the 
 eyelids. It covers the anterior surface of the eye, 
 the inner surface of the eyelids, and the caruncula 
 lachrymalis. It possesses great general sensibi- 
 lity, communicated to it by the fifth pair. 
 
 CONJUNCTIVITIS, Ophthalmia — c. ^gyp- 
 tiaca, Ophthalmia, purulent — c. Blennorrhagica, 
 see Ophthalmia — c. Catarrhalis, Ophthalmia, 
 catarrhal — c. Gonorrhoica, see Ophthalmia — e. 
 Puro-mucosa catarrhalis. Ophthalmia, catarrhal 
 — c. Puro-mucosa contagiosa vel ^gyptiaca, Oph- 
 thalmia, purulent. 
 
 CONJUNGENS, Communicans. 
 
 CONNATE, from eon and natus, 'born with.' 
 
 Connate Diseases, (F.) Jfaladies connees, 
 Morbi conna'ti, are such as an individual is born 
 with : — connate having the same signification as 
 congenital. A difference has been made by some, 
 however; those diseases or conditions which are 
 dependent upon original conformation, being 
 called congenital ;■ — -whilst the diseases or affec- 
 tions that may have supervened during gestation 
 or delivery, are termed connate. 
 
 CONNECTICUT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 There is a mineral spring at Stafford, in this state, 
 twenty-four miles from Hartford, which has ob- 
 tained more celebrity than any one in New Eng- 
 
CONNERVATIO 
 
 231 
 
 CONSOMME 
 
 land. Its principal ingredients are iron and car- 
 bonic acid. It, consequently, belongs to the 
 class of acidulous chalybeates. There are other 
 springs in the state, of which, hoTf ever, little that 
 is accurate is known. 
 
 CONNERVATIO, Syndesmosis. 
 
 CONNEXIO OSSIUM CARNOSA, Syssarco- 
 sis — e. CartUaginea, Synchondrosis — c. Ligamen- 
 tosa, Syndesmosis. 
 
 CONiSrUTRI'TUS, Sijn'trophos, from con, 
 'with,' and nutrioi; 'I am nourished.' A dis- 
 ease is so called which has grown up, as it were, 
 with an individual, or has been connate with him. 
 — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 CONOID, ConoVdeus, Cono'i'des, from Kwvog, ' a 
 cone,' and eiSos, ' shape.' (F.) Cono'ide. Resem- 
 bling a cone. 
 
 Conoid Lia'AJrENT. A ligament, passing from 
 the coracoid process to the scapula, and forming 
 part of the coraco-clavicular ligament of some 
 anatomists. 
 
 CONOIDAL SUBSTANCE OF THE KID- 
 NEY, see Kidney. 
 
 CONOIDES CORPUS, Pineal gland. 
 
 CONOPIITHALMIA, Staphyloma cornece. 
 
 CONQUASSANT, (F.) Conquassans, from con, 
 'with,' 'together,' and quassare, 'to shake.' Dou- 
 leurs conquassantes are the pains of parturition, 
 at the time of their greatest intensity, when the 
 head is engaged in the pelvis. 
 
 CONQUASSA'TION, Oonquassa'tio, Quassa'- 
 tio, Quassatn'ra. Same etymon. A pharmaceu- 
 tical operation, which consists in dividing, with 
 a pestle, fresh vegetables, fruits, &c. See Con- 
 frication. 
 
 CONQUASSATIONES ANIMI, Afifections of 
 the mind. 
 
 CONQUE, Concha. 
 
 CON'SCIOUSNESS, DOUBLE. A somnam- 
 bulistic condition, in which the individual leads, 
 as it were, two lives, recollecting in each condi- 
 tion what occurred in previous conditions of the 
 same character, but knowing nothing of the 
 occurrences of the other. See Duality of the 
 Mind. 
 
 CONSECUTIVE, Consecuti'vus, from con, 
 'with,' and sequor, 'to follow. 
 
 Consecutive Phenom'ena or Symptoms, (F.) 
 Phenomencs ou accidens consecutifs, are such as 
 appear after the cessation of a disease, or, accord- 
 ing to others, during its decline ; but without 
 having any direct connexion with it. 
 
 CONSENSUAL, see Instinctive. 
 
 CONSENSUS, Consent of parts. Sympathy. 
 
 Consen'sus Oculc'rom. The intimate asso- 
 ciation between the two eyes, as exemplified in 
 their consentaneous action in health, and often in 
 disease. 
 
 CONSENT OF PARTS, Consen'sus, Consen'- 
 sus par'tium, Sympathi'a, from eon, and sentire, 
 'to feel;' (F.) Consentement des Parties. That 
 relation of different parts of the body with each 
 other which is more commonly denominated sym- 
 pathy. 
 
 C0NSENTE3IENT DES PARTIES, Con- 
 sent of parts. 
 
 CONSERVA'TION, Conserva'tio, PJiylax'is, 
 from conservare, [con, smd servare,) 'to preserve;' 
 (F.) Conservation, Asservafion. The art of pre- 
 serving any object of pharmacy, any remedial 
 agent, &c., from decay. 
 
 CONSER'VA, Conserve. Same etymon. A 
 pharmaceutical preparation, composed of a vege- 
 table substance and a sufficient quantity of sugar. 
 The London and American pharmacopoeias pre- 
 fer the term Confection. 
 
 CoNSERVA Absix'thii, C. ahsin'thH marit'imi, 
 Conserve of Wormwood. [Leaves ibj, szu/ar Wiiy) 
 
 It has been employed as a tonic, stomachic, and 
 vermifuge. 
 
 CONSERVA ANGEL'lCJE,(Ph. P.) Conserved' Ange- 
 liquc, C. of Aiigel'ica. [Pulp of root 250 parts ; 
 ii:hite sugar, boiled in a decoction of the root, 
 and reduced to the consistence of a solid electu- 
 arj^, 1000 parts.) It is tonic, aromatic, and sto- 
 machic. 
 
 CoNSERVA DE A'pio Grateolen'te (Ph. P.), 
 Conserve d' Ache, Conserve of Smallage. Prepared 
 like the preceding. Reputed to have the same 
 properties. 
 
 CoNSEEVA Ari, Conserve of Arum. [Fresh 
 root Ibss, sugar H)iss.) Esteemed to be diuretic 
 and stimulant. 
 
 CoNSERTA AuRANTii, Confectio aurantiorum — ■ 
 c. Cassias, Confectio cassiae — c. Citri aurantii, 
 Confectio aurantiorum. 
 
 CoNSERVA Cochlea'ri^ Horten'sis, Conserve 
 of Lemon Scurvy Grass. [Leaves Ibj, sugar Ibiij.) 
 Reputed to be stimulant and antiscorbutic. 
 
 Conserva Corticis Exterioris Adrantii 
 HiSPALENSis, Confectio aurantiorum — c. Corti- 
 cum aurantiorum, Confectio aurantiorum — c. 
 Florum rosarum rubrarum, Confectio rosse Gal- 
 lieaj — c. Cynosbati, Confectio rosse canine — e. 
 Cynorrhodi, Confectio rosee caninas — c. Flavedi- 
 nis corticis aurantiorum Hispalensium, Confectio 
 aurantiorum. 
 
 CoNSERVA Ltr'jtTLjE, C. Folto'rumlu'jidm, Con- 
 serve of Woodsorrel. [Leaves ftij, sugar Ibiij.) 
 G-ratefully acid and refrigerant. 
 
 CoxsERVA MENTHiE, C. MentJicB foUo'rum, C. 
 Mentha sati'vcs, Conserve of Mint. [Leaves Ibj, 
 sugar Hbiij.) Stomachic in nausea and vomiting. 
 
 CoNSERVA Pruni Sylves'tris, Pulpia 2iruno'- 
 rum sylves'trium condi'ta, C. PriincB sylvestris, 
 Conserve of Sloes, [Pulp 1 part, sugar 3 parts.) 
 Possessed of astringent properties. 
 
 CoNSERVA Ros^, Confectio ros» Gallicas — e. 
 Ros£8 eaninas, Confectio rosse caninse — c. Roste 
 GallicEe, Confectio rosas GallicEe. 
 
 CoNSERVA SciLL^, Conserve of Squill. [Fresh 
 squills ^j, sugar §x.) Possesses the diuretic and 
 other virtues of the squill. 
 
 CONSERVE, Conserva, see Confectio — c. 
 d'Ache, Conserva de apio graveolente — c. of 
 Aloes, Conserva pruni sylvestris — c. of Lemon 
 scurvy grass, Conserva cochlearise hortensis — c. 
 of Mint, Conserva menthse — c. of Orange, Con- 
 fectio aurantiorum — c. of Roses (red), Confectio 
 rosse gallicffi — c. of Smallage, Conserva de apio 
 graveolente — c. of Woodsorrel, Conserva lujulaa 
 — c. of Wormwood, Conserva absinthii. 
 
 CONSER VES, Spectacles. 
 
 CONSIDEN'TIA. This word has two accep- 
 tations. 1. It is synonymous with Ajxjcatastasis ; 
 and, 2. It signifies contraction of any cavity or 
 canal : — See Synezisis. 
 
 CONSISTEiSf'TIA. A Latin term employed 
 in two senses. 1. When joined to the word Morhi 
 or uEtatis, it expresses the acme of a disease, or 
 the age at which the constitution has acquired 
 its full strength. 2. By Consisten'tia humo'ris is 
 meant the density of a humour. 
 
 CONSOLIDA MAJOR, Symphytum — c. Me- 
 dia, Ajuga, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum — c. 
 Minor, Prunella — e. Regalis, Delphinium conso- 
 lida — c. Rubra, Tormentil — c. Saraeenica, Soli • 
 dago virgaurea. 
 
 CONSOLIDAN'TIA, Consolidati'va Medico 
 men'ta, from con, and solidus, solid. Substances, 
 formerly given for the purpose of consolidating 
 wounds, or strengthening cicatrices. 
 
 CONSOLIDATIVA, Consolidantia. 
 
 CONSOMME, Consumma' tun, Zomos. Soup, 
 strongly charged with gelatin, and consequently 
 very nutritious, although not proportionably easy 
 of digestion. 
 
CONSOMPTION 
 
 232 
 
 CONSUETUDO 
 
 CONSOMPTION, Consumption. 
 
 •CONSONANCE, see Sound. 
 
 CON'SONANT, Con'sonans, from eonaotio, 'to 
 Bound together/ (con, 'with/ and so«o, 'to sound/) 
 because it is generally believed that a consonant 
 cannot bo properly expressed, except when con- 
 joined with a vowel. Physiologically, a breath, 
 or a sound produced in the larynx, which suffers 
 more or less interruption in its passage through 
 the vocal tube. 
 
 CONSORTIUM, Sympathy. 
 
 CONSOUDE, GRANDE, Symphytum. 
 
 CONSOUND, MIDDLE, Ajuga. 
 
 CONSPERSIO, Catapasma. 
 
 CONSPICILLA, Spectacles. 
 
 CONSPIRATIO, Sympathy. 
 _ CONSTELLA'TUM UNGUEN'TUM. An 
 ointment composed of cleansed earthworms ! 
 dried and pulverized; and of the fat'of the bear 
 or wild boar. It was formerly employed in tooth- 
 aeh, and to hasten the cicatrization of wounds. 
 
 CONSTERNATIO, Stupor. 
 
 CON'STIPATED, Constipa'tus. (P.) ConstlpL 
 Aifected with constipation. Costive. 
 
 CONSTIPATIO, Constipation, Stegnosis. 
 
 CONSTIPA'TION, Constipa' tio, from consti- 
 pare, {con and stipare,) ' to cram close.' Obsti- 
 pa'lio, Adstric'tio, Arcta'tio, Ohstipa'tio seu Be- 
 ten'tio alvi'na, Ischocoi'lia, Alviis adstric'ta, A. 
 Tarda, A. Dura, Obstruc'tio seu Suppres'sio alvi, 
 O. Ductus alimenta'rii, 0. intestina'iis, Torpor 
 intestino'rum, Sti/psis, Oonstipa'tio aid, Copros'- 
 tasis, Acop'ria, Acopro'sis, Guproepis' chesis, lacho- 
 cop'ria, Dyscoi'lia, (F.) Echauffement, Ventre 
 resserre, Cost'iveness, Facal Reten'tion, Alvine 
 obstruction. A state of the bowels, in which the 
 evacuations do not take place as frequently as 
 usual; or are inordinately hard, and expelled 
 with difficulty. It may be owing either to dimi- 
 nished action of the muscular coat of the intes- 
 tines, or to diminished secretion from the mucous 
 membrane, or to both. Cathartics will usually 
 remove it; after which its exciting and predis- 
 ponent causes must be inquired into and obviated 
 to render the cure permanent. 
 
 CONSPIPATUS, Constipated. 
 
 GONSTIPE, Constipated. 
 
 CONSTITUBNS, Vehicle, see Prescription. 
 
 CONSTITUTIO, Constitution, Habit of body 
 — c. Aeris, Constitution of the atmosphere — c. 
 Epidemica, Constitution, epidemic — c. Nervosa, 
 .Nervous diathesis. 
 
 CONSTITU'TION, Gonstitu'tio, Catas'tasis, 
 Status, from con, and statuere, from stare, 'to 
 stand.' A collection of several parts, forming a 
 whole. In medicine, Constitution means the state 
 of all the organs of the human body considered 
 in regard to their special and relative arrange- 
 ment, order, or activity. A good constitution is 
 one in which every organ is well developed, and 
 endowed with due energy, so that all perform 
 their functions with equal facility. Any want of 
 equilibrium in their development and energy 
 forms a difference in the constitution. We say 
 that a man is of a good or robust, a delicate or 
 weak constitution, when he is commonly healthy, 
 or commonly labouring under, or unusually sus- 
 ceptible of, disease. 
 
 Constitu'tion of the At'mosphere, Gonstitu'- 
 tio A'eris, (F.) Constitution Atmospherique. The 
 condition of the atmosphere, as regards dryness 
 ar;d humidity, temperature, heaviness, direction 
 of the winds, &c., considered as respects its in- 
 fluence on the animal economy. 
 
 CoxsTiTUTiON, Epidem'ic, Gonstitu'tio epidem'- 
 ica, 3/ed'ical Constitution, (F.) Constitution me- 
 dicale, C. ipidimique. The aggregate of meteor- 
 
 I ological conditions, so far as they are appreciable, 
 during which diseases prevail epidemically. 
 
 CONSTITU'TIONAL, (F.) Gonstitutionnel. 
 Belonging to the constitution of an individual; 
 to his manner of being ; as constitutional phthisis, 
 c. gout, ifcc. By some, this epithet has been given 
 to diseases, produced by the constitution of the 
 atmosphere; but this acceptation is not common. 
 
 CONSTRICTEURS DE LA VULVE, Con- 
 strictores cunni — c. du Vagin, Constriotores cunni. 
 
 CONSTRICTIO, Astriction, Systole. 
 
 CONSTRICTIVA, Styptics. 
 
 CONSTRICTOR, from constringere, {con, and 
 stringere,) 'to bind.' (F.) Constrictexir. That 
 which binds in a circular direction. A sphincter. 
 Different muscles are so called. 
 
 Constrictor Ani, Sphincter ani externus — c. 
 of Nuck, Compressor of Nuok. 
 
 CoHSTRicTOEES Alaeum Nasi, Depressor aJae 
 nasi. 
 
 Constricto'res Cunni, C Yagi'va seu Vulccr, 
 Clitor'idis inferio'res lati et pilani mua'cxdi, 
 Sp)hincter Vagi'ncB, (F.) Constricteurs du vagin, 
 C. de la Vulve. Small muscles, which originate 
 benea,th the clitoris, descend along the sides of 
 the vagina, and terminate by becoming con- 
 founded with the transversus perincei and exter- 
 nal sphincter ani muscles. Their use is to con- 
 tract the entrance of the vagina. 
 
 CONSTRICTORES ISTHMI FAUCITJII, GloSSOStiN- 
 
 phylinus. 
 
 Constricto'res Laryn'gis. Lieutaud describes, 
 under the name Grand constricteur du Larynx, 
 the muscle Crico-aryteno'ideus latera'lis with tho 
 Thyro-arytenoideus. 
 
 Constricto'res Nasi, Compressor naris. 
 
 Constrictor Q31soph'agi, Constrictor of the 
 (Esojoh' ctgus, (F.) Constricteur de I' OEsopjhage, 
 Muscle oesophagien. A fasciculus of fleshy, cir- 
 cular fibres, at the upper part of the oesophagus. 
 
 Constrictores Oris, Orbicularis oris — e. Pal- 
 pebrarum, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
 
 Constricto'res Pharyn'gis, Constrictors of 
 the Pharynx, Sphincter Gulm. Muscular expan- 
 sions which assist in forming the parietes of the 
 pharynx. Three of these are generally admitted. 
 1. The Constric'tor Pharyn'gis infe'rior, Crico- 
 Pharynf/eus and Thyro-^jharyngeus, (F.) Crico- 
 thyro-pharyngien. It is broad, very thin, quad- 
 rilateral, seated superficially, extending from the 
 thyroid and cricoid Cartilages as far as the middle 
 of the pharynx, and uniting, on the median line, 
 with that of the opposite side. 2. The Constrictor 
 Pharyngis Me'dius, Hyo-pharyngeus and Chon- 
 dro-pharyngeus, Syndes'mo-pharyngeus, CF.) Uyo- 
 glosso-basi-piharyngien, occupies the middle part 
 of the pharynx. It is triangular, and attached, 
 antei-iorly, to the great and little cornu of the os 
 hyoides ; to the stylohyoid ligament; and termi- 
 nates, posteriorly, by joining its fellow of the 
 opposite side. 3. The Constrictor Pharyngis su- 
 pe'rior, Geph'alo-pharyngeus, Glosso-jiharyngeus, 
 Mylo-pharyngeus, Pter'ygo-pharyngeus, [¥.)Pte- 
 rygo-syndesmo-staphili-piharyngien, is quadrilate- 
 ral, and extends from the internal ahi of the 
 pterygoid process, from the inter-maxillary liga- 
 ment, from the internal oblique line of the jaw, 
 and from the base of the tongue to the posterior 
 part of the pharynx. 
 
 The constrictors of tne pharynx contract it. 
 They can likewise approximate the ends to each 
 other. Chaussier considers those and the styh- 
 pharyngcus as but one muscle, and includes all 
 under this last name. 
 
 CoNSTincTORES Vaginae, C. cunni — c. ValvjB, 
 C. cunni. 
 
 CONSTRINGENTIA, Astringents, Styptics. 
 
 CONSUETUDO, Uabit— c. Menstrua, Ment,08. 
 
CONSULTATION 
 
 233 
 
 CONTINUITY 
 
 CONSULTA'TION, Consulta'U'o, Delihera'tio, 
 Coenolog"ia, Oonten'tio, Si/mboleu'sis, from consu- 
 lere, consultum, 'to hold council.' This word has 
 several acceptations. In English, it means, al- 
 most always, the meeting of two or more practi- 
 tioners, to deliberate on any particular case of 
 disease. In France, it signifies the written result 
 of such deliberations, as well as the opinion of a 
 phj^sician, given to a patient, who consults him, 
 either personally or by writing. 
 • CONSULT'ING PHYSICIAN or SUR- 
 GEON, (F.) dfedecin ou Chiran/ien consultant. 
 One who consults with the attending practitioner, 
 regarding any ease of disease. Some physicians, 
 surgeons, and accoucheurs confine themselves to 
 consulting practice. 
 
 CONSUMMATUM, Consomme. 
 
 CONSUMMA'TUS, from eon, cum, 'with,' and 
 s^immus, 'the whole.' Confirmed; established; 
 developed, — as Phthisis consumma' ta, 'confirmed 
 consumption.' 
 
 CONSUMP'TION, from consumere, {con and 
 nmiere,) 'to waste away;' Consunqi'tio, Gonsum'- 
 tio, Syntex'is, (F.) Consomption. Progressive 
 emaciation or wasting away. This condition 
 precedes death in the greater part of chronic dis- 
 eases, and particularly in phthisis jmbHonalis ; 
 on this account it is, that phthisis has received 
 the name consumption. — See Phthisis. Fievre de 
 Consomption, Consumptive fever, is the same as 
 Hectic fever. 
 
 Consumption of the Bow^els, Enterophthisis — 
 C Pulmonary, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 CONSUMPTI'VA. Same etymology. Caus- 
 tics, used for the destruction of fungi. Burnt 
 alum, lunar caustic, &c., were formerly so called. 
 
 CONSUMTIO, Consumption. 
 
 CONTABESCEN'TIA, from confabescere, (eon 
 «nd tahescere,) 'to grow lean.' Consumption, 
 iuarasmus, atrophy, &c. 
 
 CONTACT, Contac'tus, from con and tangere, 
 ' to touch.' The state of two bodies that touch 
 each other. In the theory of contagiovis diseases, 
 we distinguish immediate or direct contact, as 
 when we touch a patient labouring under one of 
 those diseases; and mediate or indirect contact, 
 when we touch, not the patient himself, hut ob- 
 jects that have touched or emanated from him. 
 The air is, most commonly, the medium by which 
 this last kind of contact is efl'ected. 
 
 CONTA'GION, Conta'gio, Conta'ges, Conta'- 
 gium, Ajiorrhoe'a, Apoc'rysis. Same etymon. 
 The transmission of a disease from one person to 
 another by direct or indirect contact. The term 
 has, also, been applied, by some, to the action of 
 miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable 
 matter, bogs, fens, ko., but in this sense it is now 
 abandoned. Contagious diseases are produced 
 either by a virus, capable of causing them by 
 inoculation, as in small-pox, cow-pox, hj^dropho- 
 bia, syphilis, ttc, or by miasmata, proceeding 
 from a sick individual, as in plague, typhus gra- 
 vior, and in measles and scarlatina. Scrofula, 
 phthisis pulmonalis, and cancer, have, by some, 
 been esteemed contagious, but apparently with- 
 out foundation. Physicians are, indeed, by no 
 means unanimous in deciding what diseases are 
 contagious, and what not. The contagion of 
 plague and typhus, especially of the latter, is 
 denied by many. It seems probable, that a dis- 
 ease may be contagious under certain cu-cum- 
 stances and not under others. A case of common 
 fever, arising from common causes, as from cold, 
 if the patient be kept in a close, foul situation, 
 may be converted into a disease, capable of pro- 
 ducing emanations, which may excito a similar 
 disease in those exposed to them. Contagion and 
 infection are generally esteemed synonymous. 
 
 Frequently, however, the former is applied to 
 diseases not produced by contact; as measles, 
 scarlet fever, &c., whilst infection is used for 
 those that require positive contact; as itch, sy- 
 philis, &c., and conversely. Diseases, which 
 cannot be produced in any other way than by 
 contagion, are said to have their origin in specific- 
 contagion ; as small-pox, cow-pox, measles, hy- 
 drophobia, sj'philis, <tc. Those which are pro- 
 duced by contagion, and yet are supposed to be 
 sometimes owing to other causes, are said to arise 
 from common contagion; as typhus, cynanche 
 parotidsea, &c. 
 
 CONTA'GIONIST. One who believes in the 
 contagious character of a particular disease, — as 
 of yellow fever. 
 
 CONTA'GTOUS, Contagio'sus. Capable of be- 
 ing transmitted by mediate or immediate contact; 
 — as a contagious disease, contagious fever, conta- 
 gious ejfluvia, &.C. 
 
 CONTAGIUM, Contadon, Miasm. 
 CONTEMPLABILES^DIES, Cvitical days. 
 CONTEMPLATIF, (F.) Contemplati'vus, [con 
 and templum.) Appertaining to contemplation. 
 The predominant idea of the melancholic — of 
 the monomaniac — is sometimes called conteni^ 
 plative. 
 
 CONTEMPLATIO, Catalepsy. 
 CONTEMPLATIVUS, Contemplatif. 
 CONTENSIO, Tension. 
 • CONTENTIO, Consultation. 
 CONTEX'TURE, Contextu'ra, Co7itex'tus, from 
 con and texere, (quasi tegsere, from tegere, ' to 
 cover,') ' to weave,' ' to make a web.' Arrange- 
 ment of parts; — texture. A name given, meta- 
 phorically, to the structure of organized bodies: 
 as the contexture of muscles, fibres, &c. See Tis- 
 sue, and Texture. 
 
 CONTIGUITY, DI ARTHROSIS OP, see 
 Continuity. 
 
 CON'TINENCE, Continen'tia, from continere, 
 
 (con and tenere, ' to hold or keep,' ) ' to contain 
 
 oneself ;' 'to restrain.' Restraint. Abstinence from, 
 
 or moderation in, the pleasures of physical love. 
 
 CONTINENS, Continent. 
 
 CON'TINENT, Continents. Restrained. This 
 word is synonymous, also, with Continiced; (F.) 
 Continu. 
 
 Continent Cause, Causa conjunc'ta, is a cause, 
 real or presumed, which, having given rise to a 
 disease, continues to act during the whole of its 
 duration. It may he considered synonymous 
 with proximate cause. A continent fever, Febris 
 continens, is one which preserves during its whole 
 course, the same degree of intensity, without any 
 remission or seusible exacerbation. A disease 
 which continues uninterruptedly, has been also 
 called yEipathei'a, Aeipathei'a or Aipathi'a. 
 CONTINENTIA, Continence. 
 CONTIN'UED FEVER, Febris contin'ua, F. 
 con'tinens, F. anabat'ica, F. assid'ua. A fever 
 which presents no interruption in its course. 
 Continued fevers form a division in the class 
 PyrexicB of Cullen, and include three genera, — 
 Synocha, Synochus, and Typhus. It is proper to 
 remark, that some of the older writers make a 
 distinction between the continual fever, avvi')(rii, 
 febris continua, and the synochus or febris conti- 
 nens. Thus, Rhases states that the synochus or 
 continens is a fever, which consists of one pa- 
 roxysm from beginning to end; whilst the conti- 
 nua is allied to intermittents. 
 
 CONTINU'ITY, Continu'itas. An ftdhesioB 
 of two things between each other, so that they 
 cannot be separated without fracture or laceration. 
 Continuity, Diaethro'ses or, (F.) Diarthrosea 
 de Continiiite, are movable joints, in which the 
 bones are continuous, but do not touch imia«« 
 
CONTONBINT 
 
 234 
 
 CONTRO-STIMULUS 
 
 diately, there being between them a ligamentous ! 
 substance, whose flexibility permits motion. The 
 vertebral articulations are examples of this. Di- 
 ARTHROSES OF CoNTlGu'lTY, Biarthroses de Conti- 
 guit'i, on the other hand, are movable articula- 
 tions, in which the bones axe not continuous, but 
 touch by surfaces covered with a cartilaginous 
 layer, which is always moistened by synovia. 
 
 Continuity, Solution of, Solu'tio eontin'tii, is 
 any division of parts, previously continuous. 
 Wounds and fractures are solutions of continuity. 
 The v/ord C'ontimiiti/ is OT[)])osed to Contiguity : the 
 latter meaning the condition of two things which 
 are near each other, or touch without uniting. 
 There is contiguity between the head of the hu- 
 merus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, but 
 not continuity. 
 
 CONTONDANT, Contunding. 
 CONTORSIO, Contorsion— c. Columnse verte- 
 bralis, Rhachiostrophosis. 
 
 CONTOR'SION, Contor'tio, from contorq%ieo, 
 (con smd. torquere, 'to wring,') 'I twist about.' 
 Violent movement of a part, accompanied with a 
 kind of torsion ; as contortion of the face. 
 
 CONTRAAPERTU'RA, fromcontra, 'against,' 
 and aperio, 'I open.' A counter-opening ; Con- 
 tra-incis' io, Incis'io prio'ri opp>o'8ita, (F.) Contre- 
 onverture. An incision, made in the most depend- 
 ing part of a wound or abscess, when the first 
 opening is not situate in a manner favourable for 
 the discharge of the pus. 
 
 CONTRAEXTENSIO, Counter-extension. 
 CONTRACTILE, Contrac'tilis, from contra- 
 here, [coii and trahere,) 'to draw together.' Ca- 
 pable of contracting. The fibre of muscles is 
 contractile. _, 
 
 CONTRACTILITE, Contractility— c. par cU- 
 faiit d' Extension, Elasticity — c. de Tissu, Elas- 
 ticity. 
 
 CONTRACTIL'ITY, Contractu' Has: same ety- 
 mon ; (F.) Gontractilite. That vital property, 
 which gives, to certain parts, the power of con- 
 ti-acting. The muscles of locomotion are endowed 
 with a power o{ voluntary contractility, or one 
 dependent immediately on the action of the brain : 
 — the muscles of the viscera of digestion, and 
 other internal organs, enjoy an involuntary con- 
 tractility. Contractility and irritability are fre- 
 quently used synonymously to signify the pro- 
 perty possessed by any tissue of contracting on 
 the application of an appropriate stimulus. 
 CoSTKACTiLiTY, Irritability. 
 CONTRACTIO CORDIS, Systole. 
 CONTRACTION, Contrac'tio. Same etymon ; 
 Sys'tole. Action of contracting. When we speak 
 of the contraction of a muscle, we mean the phe- 
 nomenon it exhibits during the time it is in action. 
 CONTRACTOR UTERI, Abortive. 
 CONTRACTU'RA. Same etymon. Aeamp'sia, 
 Enta'sia articula'ris, Rigor ar'tuum, Muscular 
 Stiff-joint. A state of permanent rigidity and 
 progressive atrophy of the flexor muscles, which 
 prevents the motions of extension beyond a cer- 
 tain limit. The affected muscles form hard cords 
 beneath the skin. On dissection, they are found 
 converted into tendinous fibres, the fleshy fibres 
 having almost disappeared, when the disease has 
 been of any duration. It succeeds, freciuently, 
 oiher diseases, particularly rheumatism, neural- 
 gia, con-vTilsions, syphilis, colica pictonum, &c. 
 The warm bath, vapour bath, or thermal waters, 
 oleaginous embrocations, mechanical extension 
 of the limbs, &c., are the chief means of treatment. 
 CONTRAFISSU'RA, from contra, 'against,' 
 aiid Jindo,Jissum, 'I cleave;' Bepercus'aio, Beson'- 
 i(H!>, Oatag'ma Fisaura contraja'eens, Apeche'ma, 
 Anticom'ma, Antic'ope, Anticru'sis, Anticriisma, 
 luj'ortu'nium, Counterstroke, (F.) Contre-coup, Con- 
 
 tre-fente, Contre-fractwre. A fracture, contusion, 
 or injury, produced, by a blow, in a part distant 
 from that which is struck. Five species of contra- 
 fissurcB or contre-coups may occur in the skull. 
 
 1. When the internal table yields and fractures, 
 
 2. When the bone breaks in any other part than 
 the one struck. 3. When a bone, which has been 
 struck, remains iminjured, and its neighbour is 
 fractured. 4. When the bone is fractured in a 
 place diametrically opposite to that struck, as in 
 fractures at the base of the cranium, from a fall 
 on the vertex ; and lastly, when the violence of 
 the blow produces a separation of the neighbour- 
 ing or distant sutures. These fractures of the 
 skull are also called Fractures par resonnance. 
 
 CONTRAHENTIA, Astringents, Styptics. 
 
 CONTRAINCISIO, Contra-apertura. 
 
 CONTRAINDICATIO, Counter-indication. 
 
 CONTRAIRRITATIO, Counter-Lrritation. 
 
 CONTRALUNA'RIS, from contra, 'against,' 
 and Z if n a, 'the moon.' An epithet for a woman 
 who conceives during the menstrual discharge. — 
 Dietrich. 
 
 CONTRASTIMULANS, Contro-stimulants. 
 
 CONTRAYERVA, Dorstenia contrayerra— c. 
 Balls, Pulvis contrayervffi compositus- — c. Lisbon, 
 Dorstenia contrayerva — c. Mexican, Psoralea 
 pentaphylla — c. Nova, Psoralea pentaphyUa — c. 
 Virginiana, Aristolochia serpentaria. 
 
 CONTBECOUP, Contra-fissura. 
 
 CONTBEEXTENSWN, Counter-extension. 
 
 CONTREFENTE, Contra-fissura. 
 
 CONTBEFBA CTURE, Contra-fissura. 
 
 GONTREtNDICA TION, Counter-indication. 
 
 CONTBEO U YER TUBE, Contra-apertura. 
 
 CONTREXEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Contrexeville is a town in France in the 
 department of Vosges, four leagues from Neuf- 
 chateau. The waters contain carbonate of iron, 
 chloride of calcium, and carbonate of lime, chlo- 
 ride of sodium, a bituminous substance, and free 
 carbonic acid. They are frequented by those 
 labouring under cutaneous, scrofulous, and cal- 
 culous aifections. 
 
 CONTRIT"IO, Syntrim'ma, Syntrip'sis, Tri- 
 tu'ra, Tritus, Trit"io, Tripsis, from contero, '1 
 bruise or make small :' Comminu'tion, Tritiiration. 
 
 CONTROSTIM'ULANT, Contrastim'ulans, 
 IJyposthen'ie, iroxa contra, 'against,' a.nd stimulus, 
 ' that which excites.' A substance that possesses 
 a particular, debilitating projjerty, acting upon 
 the excitability in a manner opfiosite to stimulus. 
 A name given to therapeutical agents, which, ac- 
 cording to the Italian theory of Gontro-stivndtta, 
 are endowed with the property of diminishing 
 excitement by a specific action. These agents 
 are by no means clearly defined. 
 
 CO'NTROSTIMULUS. Same etymon. The 
 name given by Rasori, about thirty years ago, to 
 a new medical doctrine, of which he was the ori- 
 ginator — La nuova Dottrina Uedica Italiana. Ifc 
 is founded on the eontro-stimulant property attri- 
 buted to a certain number of medicines. In this 
 doctrine, as in that of Brown, under the name ex- 
 citability, a fundamental principle of physiology 
 is admitted, bj^ vii-tue of which living beings are 
 endowed with an aptitude for feeling the action 
 of external agents or exciting influences, and 
 of reacting on these influences. AVhen this 
 excitability is too great, there is excess of stimu- 
 lus or Uypersthcni'a : when too little, there is 
 deficiency or Hypostheni'a. Diseases, (/cneco/ and 
 local, are divided into three great classes, or into, 
 1. Hy2'>crsth.enic ; 2. HyiiostJienic ; 3. Irritative, 
 The eontro-stimulant physicians admit only two 
 classes of medicines — stimidants and eontro-%li- 
 mulants. 
 
CONTUNDINa 
 
 235 
 
 CONVOLVULUS 
 
 COZ^TUlSrO'II^G, Oontu'sinfj, Contun'dcns, ^rom 
 contundere, (con and tundere,) 'to bruise.' (F.) 
 Gontondant. That which causes contusions. An 
 epithet given to round, blunt, vulnerating pro- 
 jectiles, which bruise or lacerate parts without 
 cutting them. 
 
 GO'NTUS, Contused, 
 
 CONTUS, Penis. 
 
 CONTU'SED. Same etymon. (F.) Oontiis. 
 Affected with contusion. Thus we say — a core- 
 tused wound. 
 
 CONTU'SION, Contu'sio, a Bruise, ColUs'io, 
 Phlasma, Thlasis, TMaa'ma, Th. contu'sio, lihege, 
 Rhegma, Bher/mus, Famex, Famis, Famix, (F.) 
 Meurtrissnre. Same etymon. An injury or lesion 
 — arising from the impulse of a body with a blunt 
 surface — which presents no loss of substance, and 
 no apparent wound. If the skin be divided, the 
 injury takes the name of contused wound. The 
 differences of contusions, as to extent, are of 
 course infinite. When slight, the blood stagnates 
 in the capillaries of the skin, or is effused into the 
 subcutaneous areolar tissue. Time and cold ap- 
 plications remove it. When the texture of the 
 parts has been lacerated, there is effusion of 
 blood, with more or less torpor in the part. 
 Cooling applications, general or topical bleeding, 
 emollients, poultices, Ac, are here necessary, 
 according to circumstances. In the severest 
 kinds of contusion, all the soft and solid parts, 
 except the skin, are bruised, and, at times, re- 
 duced to a kind of pap. When the disorganiza- 
 tion is to this extent, there is no hope except in 
 amputation. A deep contusion of the soft parts 
 has been called Sarcoth'lasis, and Sarcothlas'ma. 
 
 CONUS ARTERIO'SUS, Infundib'ulumof the 
 heart. The portion of the right ventricle from 
 which the pulmonary artery proceeds, forms a 
 prominence on the right side of the anterior fur- 
 row of the heart, and is prolonged towards the 
 left, becoming narrower at the same time, so as 
 to form a funnel-shaped projection, which ex- 
 tends a little beyond the base of the ventricles. 
 This is the Conus arteriosus. 
 
 CoNus Vasculosus, see Coni Vasculosi. 
 
 CONVALES'CENCE, Convalescen'tia, Ana- 
 lep'ais, Anas'tasis, Reconvaleseen'tia, from conva- 
 lescere, [eon and valescere) 'to grow well.' Ex- 
 anas'trophe. Recovery of health after disease. 
 The time which elapses between the termination 
 of a disease and complete restoration of strength. 
 
 CON VALLARIA ANGULOSA, C. polygona- 
 tum. 
 
 CottvALLA'riA Maia'lis, from convaUis, 'a 
 valley,' — from its abounding in valleys. Lil'ium 
 Gonval'lium, Convalla'ria, G. mapjn, Maian'the- 
 mum, Lily of the Valley, May Lily, ,(F.) Muguet, 
 Ifuguet de Mai, The recent flowers are reputed 
 "to be aromatic, cephalic, errhine, and cathartic. 
 They are not used. 
 
 Coj^vallaria Mappi, C. Maialis. 
 
 Coxvalla'ria Multiflo'ra, Polygon'atum 
 mult iflo' rum, which grows in this country and in 
 Europe, has analogous properties. 
 
 Convalla'ria Polygon' atum. The systema- 
 tic name of Solomon's Seal, Convalla'ria angu- 
 lo'sa. Polygon' atum imiflo'rum seu anceps seu vul- 
 ga're, Sigil'lum Salomo'nis, Polygon' atum. The 
 root was once used as an astringent and tonic. 
 It is, also, a reputed cosmetic. 
 
 CONVENTUS, Coition. 
 
 CONVER'SION, Gonver'sio, from con and ver- 
 tere, 'to turn.' Change from one state into another. 
 
 Conversion of Diseases, (F.) Conversion des 
 maladies, is the change or transformation of one 
 disease into another. 
 
 CONVOLU'TION, Gonvnlu'tio, from convolvere, 
 (co?t and volvere) 'to entwine;' EpisphoB' rion, 
 
 Gyrus, ITclig'mvs, (F.) Circonvolution. The roll* 
 ing of any thing upon itself. 
 
 Convolu'tions, Cbr'ebral, Gyri sen Plicatu'- 
 rcs seu Spiras seu Proces'sus enteroV dei Cer'ehri, 
 are the round, undulating, tortuous projections 
 observed at the surface of the brain. In them 
 Gall's organs, of course, terminate. 
 
 Convolu'tion, Inter'nal, G. of the Corpus 
 Callo'sum, Convolution d'Ourlet (Foville). A 
 cerebral convolution of great extent, the princi- 
 pal portion of which is found on the inner surface 
 of each hemisphere above the corpus callosum. 
 In front it bends downwards and backwards to 
 the fissure of Sj'lvius, and behind it extends to 
 the middle lobe and forms-the hippocampus major. 
 
 Convolu'tions, Intes'tinal, are the turns 
 made by the intestines in the abdomen. 
 
 Convolu'tion, Supra-or'eitar. A convolu- 
 tion of the brain, which exists on the inferior 
 surface of the anterior lobe, and rests upon the 
 roof of the orbit. 
 
 CONVOLVULUS, Intussuseeptio, Hens. 
 
 Convol'vulus Bata'tas. Same etymon. C. 
 In'dicus, Camotes ; the Sweet Potato, Spanish 
 Potato. This is the only esculent root of the 
 genus Convolvulus. It is much eaten in the 
 United States. 
 
 Convol'vulus Cantab'rica, CantaV rica, I^a- 
 vender-leaved Bindweed, has been considered an- 
 thelmintic and actively cathartic. 
 
 Convolvulus Indicus, C. Batatas. 
 
 ConvoL'vuLus Jala'pa. a systematic name 
 of the Jalap plant, properly Ipomoe'a Jalapa seu 
 macrorhi'za. Jala'pium, Jalo'pa., Mechoaca'na ni- 
 gra, Jalapjia, Jalapa, Jalap Root, Giakqypa, Xa- 
 lapipa, Bryo'nia Ifechoacan'a ni'gricans, Bryo'- 
 nia Peruvia'na, Ghela'pa, Rhahar'barum Nigrttm, 
 Gelap'pium, (F.) Jalaj), is procured from South 
 America. Its odour is_ nauseous ; taste sweetish 
 and slightly pungent. '"It is solid, tiard, heavy, 
 brittle; fracture resinous ; internallj^, light gray; 
 externally, covered with a deep brown, wrinkled 
 bark. Its operation is cathartic, the resinous 
 part griping violently. Dose, 10 gr. to ^ss. A 
 drop or two of any essential oil may prevent it 
 from griping. An active principle has been sepa- 
 rated from Jalap, to which the names Jalapiu 
 and Cathartin have been given. 
 
 Convolvulus Major Albus, Convolvulus se- 
 pium — c. Maritimus, Convolvulus soldanella. 
 
 Convol'vulus Mechoacan, Mechoaca'na 
 Radix, Jalapjoa alia, Rhahar'bariim album, il/e- 
 choacan, (F.) Rhabarbe blanche. A Mexican 
 convolvulus, the root of which possesses aperient 
 properties, and was once extensively used instead 
 of jalap. 
 
 Convolvulus Megalorhizus, C. 5*and«ratns. 
 
 Convol'vulus Pandura'tus, C. Megalorhi'- 
 zus, Pseudo-mechoacn'na, Fiddle-leaved Bind- 
 weed, Hog Potato, Virginian Bindweed, Wild 
 Pota'to, Meeh'ameck, 31. Bindweed, Wild Jalap, 
 Man in the ground. Wild Rhubarb, Wild Potato- 
 Vine, Kassau'der, Kassa'der, Kussuuder, (F ) 
 Liseron Mechamec. In Virginia, and some other 
 parts of the United States, the root of this plant 
 has been much recommended in cases of gravel. 
 It is used either in powder or decoction. 
 
 Convolvulus Perennis, Humulus lupulus. 
 
 Convolvulus pes Ca'pre^, Bargada. A 
 plant used in India as a cataplasm in arthritio 
 cases. 
 
 Convolvulus Repens, C. sepium. 
 
 Convolvulus Scammo'nea seu Scammo'nia. 
 C. Syrineus. The systematic name of the Scorn' 
 many Plant. A Syrian and Mexican plant; th« 
 concrete gummi-resinous juice of which, Scum- 
 mo'nia, Scammonia Gummi Resi'na, Scammonium, 
 S. Syriacum, Diagryd'ium, Bacrydion, Scummo. 
 
CONVULSIBILITAS 
 
 236 
 
 COPOS 
 
 ny, IfaJimondy, (F.) ScaimnonSe d'Alep, comes to 
 us in blackish-gi-ay fragments, becoming whitish- 
 yellow when touched with wet fingers. It is a 
 drastic, hydragogue cathartic. Dose, gr. iij to 
 gr. XV, triturated with sugar. 
 
 Convolvulus, Sea, Convolvulus Soldanella. 
 
 Convol'vulus Se'pium, Convolvulus major 
 alhus seu repens seu Tugurio'rum, Oalyste'yia 
 se'pium, Great Bindweed, (F.) Liseron dea Haies : 
 Grand Liseron. The juice of this plant is vio- 
 lently purgative, and is given in dropsical affec- 
 tions. 
 
 Convol'vulus Soldanel'la. The systematic 
 name of the Sea Convolvulus, Bras'sica llari'na, 
 Calyste'gia Soldanella, Sea Bindweed, ConvoV- 
 vulus Marit'imus, Soldanel'la, (F.) Chou Marin. 
 The leaves of this plant are said to be drastic ca- 
 thartic ; but they are not much, if at all, used. 
 
 Convolvulus Syriacus, Convolvulus scam- 
 monia — -c. Tuguriorum, C. sepium. 
 
 Convol'vulus Turpe'thum, Turpe'thim. The 
 systematic name of the Turhith plant. (F.) Ra- 
 cine de Turhith. The cortical part of the root of 
 this species of convolvulus is brought from the 
 East Indies. It is a cathartic, but not used. 
 
 CONVULSIBILITAS, see Subsultus tendinum. 
 
 CONVULSIF, Convulsive. 
 
 CONVULSIO, Convulsion — c. Canina, see 
 Canine laugh. 
 
 Convul'sio Cerea'lis, Convulsio ah Ustilacf'- 
 ine, Err/otis'mus spasmod'icus, Myrmeci' asis, Ra- 
 pha'nia, Myrmecias' mus, Convul'sio Solonien'sis, 
 Myrmecis'mus, 3Iyrmeeo'sis, Cereal Convulsion, 
 (F.) Convulsion cereale, Ergotisme convulsif. Con- 
 vulsion de Sologne. A singular disoi'der of the 
 convulsive kind, attended with a peculiar tingling 
 and formication in the arms and legs ; hence 
 called by the Germans Kriebelkranklieit. It 
 is said to be endemic in some parts of Germany, 
 and to arise often from the use of spoiled corn. 
 
 Convulsio Habitualis, Chorea — c. Indica, 
 Tetanus — -c. Raphania, Raphania — c. Soloniensis, 
 C. cerealis, Ergotism — c. Tonica, Tonic spasm — 
 c. Uteri, Abortion. 
 
 CONVUL'SIO N, Spasmus, Convul'sio, from 
 convallere, (con and vellere,) 'to tear,' 'to pull to- 
 gether;' Oonduc'tio, Hieran'osis, Bisten'tio ner- 
 vo'rum, Spasmus clon'icus, Convid'sio clon'ica, 
 Eelamp'sia, Syspa'sia Convul'sio, Hyperspasm'ia, 
 Clonic Spasm. This word has several accepta- 
 tions. It means any violent perversion of the 
 animal movements. The word Convul'sions ge- 
 nerally, however, signifies alternate contractions, 
 violent and involuntary, of muscles, which habi- 
 tually contract only under the influence of the 
 will. This alternate contraction, when slight, is 
 called tremor ; when strong and permanent, teta- 
 nus, trismus, &c. Spasms, Cramp, Risus Sardo- 
 tiicus, and St. Vitus's Banee are convulsions. 
 
 CosrvULSION, Salaam', Eelamp'sia nutans. A 
 name given to a singular kind of convulsion in 
 children, in which there is a peculiar bobbing of 
 the head forward. — Sir Charles Clarke. 
 
 CONVULSION BE SOLOGNE, Convulsio 
 cerealis. 
 
 CONVULSIONNAIRE, (F.) A name given, 
 daring the last century, to individuals who had, 
 or affected to have, convulsions, produced by re- 
 ligious impulses. 
 
 CONVULSIONS OF CHILDREN, Eclampsia 
 — c. des Etifans, Eclampsia — c. des Femmes en- 
 K-eiiites et en couches, Eclampsia gravidarum et 
 parturientium — e. Puerperal, Eclampsia gravida- 
 rum ei parturientium. See Mania, dancing. 
 
 <;!CN VUL'SIVE, Convulsi'vus, Spasmo'des, 
 Agitato'rius, (F.) Conmdsif. That which is ac- 
 
 companied by, or is analogous to, convulsions, as 
 convulsive cough, convidsive disease. 
 
 CONYZA, inula dysenterica — c. Coma anrea, 
 Solidago Virgaurea — c. Major, C. squarrosa — c. 
 Media, Inula dysenterica. 
 
 Cony'za Squareo'sa, C. Major, BrepTioc'to- 
 non, In'ula squarro'sa, Great Fleahane or Spike- 
 nard, (F.) Herhe aux mouches. A European 
 plant, whose strong and disagreeable odour was 
 formerly considered to be destructive to flies, 
 fleas, <fec. Its infusion in wine was once used as 
 an emmenagogue and anti-icteric j and in vinegar 
 as an anti-epileptic. 
 
 COOKERY, Culinary art. 
 
 COOLAVEED, Pilea pumila. 
 
 COONTIE or COONTI, see Arrowroot. 
 
 COOPERCULUM OCULI, Palpebra, 
 
 COOPERTORIUM, Thyroid cartilage. 
 
 COOSTRUM. The middle part of the dia- 
 phragm. — Ruland. 
 
 COPAHU, Copaiba. 
 
 COPA'IBA. The resinous juice of Copa'if'era 
 officina'lis seu Jacquini, Oopaiva officina'lis, and 
 other species of Copaifera; Family, Leguminosse. 
 Sex. Si/st. Decandria Monogynia. It is the Co- 
 pai/ercB officina'lis Resi'na, Bal'samum CopaihcB, 
 B. Brazilien'se, B. de Copaiha, B. Capi'vi, Bal- 
 sam of Copaiha or Coptaiva, (vulgarly pronounced 
 capee'vy,) (F.) Copahu, Baume de Copahu, B. da 
 Bresil, Terehinthe de Copahu. Its odour is pe- 
 culiar, but not unpleasant; taste pungent, bitter; 
 consistence, syrupy; colour yellowish, and trans- 
 parent. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, and the 
 expressed oils. S. g. 0.950. Its properties are 
 stimulant and diuretic ; in large doses it is pur- 
 gative. It acts on the lining membrane of the 
 urethra, and on mueous membranes in general. 
 It is given in gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea, &e., 
 in the dose of gtt. x to ^jj twice or thrice a day. 
 Should symptoms of urticaria or diarrhoea arise, 
 the dose is too large, and must be diminished. 
 It can be inspissated by means of magnesia so 
 as to be made into pills, and a plan has been 
 devised for enveloping it in gelatin, so that its 
 taste is entirely concealed. See Capsules, gela- 
 tinous. 
 
 COPAIFERA JACQUINI, see Copaiba — c. 
 Officinalis, see Copaiba. 
 
 COP A IV A OFFICINALIS, see Copaiba, 
 
 COPAL', Copale, Resina Copal, Gummi copal- 
 li'num. A resinous substance brought from the 
 East Indies, South America, and the western 
 coast of Africa, which flows spontaneously from 
 ElcBOcar' p)us Copalif era or Vate'ria. Ind'ica, and 
 probably from different species oi Hymc^a'a. It 
 is a stimulant, like all the resins, and, dissolved 
 in rectified spirit 6l wine, has been used in cases 
 of spongy gums and looseness of the teeth; but 
 it is now only employed in varnishes. 
 
 COPE, Cut. 
 
 COPHOMA, Cophosis. 
 
 COPHONIA, Acouophonia. 
 
 COPHO'SIS, Copho'ina, Coph'otes, Sur'ditas, 
 Paracu' sis, Dysasthe'sia audita' ria ; from Kta^os, 
 'deaf.' (F.) Surdite. Diminution or loss of 
 hearing. Cullen uses the word synonymously 
 with Byseccea, and Pinel with Paracou'sia or 
 Parac'oc. According to Sauvages, Coi^hosis dif- 
 fers from both, — from Bysecaa, because in it the 
 sonorous rays cannot reach the labyrinth; and 
 from Parucousia, which consists in a confused 
 state of hearing. 
 
 Cophosis seems, usually, to be synonj^moua 
 with deafness, — Paracu'sis Sur'ditas. 
 
 COPHOTES, Cophosis. 
 
 COPOS, Lassifu'do, Fatiga'tio, Las'situde, Fa- 
 tigue. A state of body in which most of the ani- 
 mal functions are exerted with less promptitude 
 
COPPER 
 
 237 
 
 CORALLINA 
 
 and vigour than common. The ancients admit- 
 ted three species : 1. That arising from plethora, 
 Lassitu'do tensi'va, tono'dcs; 2. From plethora 
 and increased heat combined, Lassitu'do phleg- 
 tnono'sa, mstuo'sa, phlcgmono'des ; and, 3. Owing 
 to a morbid condition of the humours, Lassitu'do 
 ulcero'sa, helco'dcs. 
 
 COPPER, Cuprum — c. Ammoniated, Cuprum 
 ammouiatum — c. Ammonio-sulphate of, Cuprum 
 animoniatum — c. Subacetate of, Cupri subacetas 
 — c. Sulphate of, Cupri sulphas — c. Ammoniacal 
 sulphate of, Cuprum ammoniatum. 
 
 COPPERAS, Eerri sulphas — c. White, Zinci 
 sulphas. 
 
 COPPER-NOSE, Gutta rosea. 
 
 COPRACRASIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 COPRACRATIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 GOPRAGO'GUM, from KOTrpo?, 'faeces,' and 
 ayoi, ' I bring away.' Stercus e primis viis edu'- 
 cens. A cathartic. The name of a laxative elec- 
 tuary, mentioned by Ruland. 
 
 COPRECCRITICUS, Coprocriticus. 
 
 COPREM'ESIS, Copriiim'esis, Vom'itus fmcu- 
 len'tus seu ster'coris : same etymon as the next. 
 Vomiting of fa3ces. 
 
 COPREM'ETUS, Coproem'etiw, Copriem'etus, 
 Merditt'omus, from Ko-rrpog, 'excrement,' and (.jxtiii, 
 ' I vomit.' One who vomits fajces. — Hippocrates. 
 
 COPRIEMESIS, Copremesis. 
 
 COPRIEMETUS, Copremetus. 
 
 COPROCRIT'ICUS, Copreccnt'icus, from kott- 
 Mf, 'excrement,' and Kpiru, 'I separate.' A mild 
 cathartic ; an eccoprotie. 
 
 COPROEMETUS, Copremetus. 
 
 COPROEPISCHESIS, Constipation. 
 
 COPROLITHUS, see Calculi of the stomach 
 &nd intestines. 
 
 COPROPHORESIS, Catharsis. 
 
 COPROPHORIA, Catharsis. 
 
 COPRORRHCEA, Diarrhoea. 
 
 COPROS, Excrement. 
 
 COPROSCLEROMA, Coprosclerosis. 
 
 COPROSCLERO'SIS, from ko-oo;, 'excre- 
 m*jnt,' and cK\rigo(a, '1 harden.' Induration of 
 faecal matters; Oojirosclei-o' ma. 
 
 COPROSTASIS, Constipation. 
 
 COPTE, Gopton, from kotttw, 'I heat or pound.' 
 A sort of cake, composed of vegetable substances, 
 which the ancients administered internally, and 
 applied to the epigastric region in the form of 
 cataplasm. 
 
 COPTIS, Coptia trifo'lia, Nigel'la, Hellel'orus 
 trifo'lius, Fihra au'rea, Ghryza fihrau' rea, Ane- 
 mo'ne Gronlan'dica, Gold thread, Mouth root. 
 The root of this — CopAis, (Ph. U. S.) — is much 
 used in Massachusetts, in aphthous and other 
 ulcerations of the mouth, as a local application. 
 It is a pure bitter, and can be used, wherever 
 such is indicated. 
 
 CoPTis Teeta, lEshme Teeta, (Upper Assam), 
 Honglane, (Chinese). The root of this plant is 
 considered to be a powerful tonic and stomachic. 
 
 COPTON, Copte. 
 
 COPULA, Ligament — c. Carnalis, Coition — c. 
 Cartilaginea, see Synchondrosis — c. Magna cere- 
 bri, Corpus callosum. 
 
 COPULATION, Coition. 
 
 OOPYO'PIA, Kopyo'pia, (F.) Lassitude ocu- 
 laire, from ko-os, 'fatigue,' and (o\p, 'the eye.' 
 Fatigue of vision. Weakness of sight. Inability 
 of the eye to sustain continued exertion. 
 
 GOQ, Phasianus Gallus. 
 
 GO QUE BU LEVANT, see Menispermum 
 coeculus — c. d' Qiluf, see Ovum — c. Levant, see 
 Menispermum coeculus. 
 
 OOQUELIGOT, Papaver rhoeas. 
 COQUELOURDE, Anemone Pulsatilla. 
 
 COQUELUCHE, Influenza, Pertussis. 
 
 COQUEN'TIA MEDICAMENT'A, from co- 
 quere, ' to digest.' Medicines which were for- 
 merly believed to be proper for favouaing the 
 coction or digestion of food. 
 
 CO QUE RET, Physalis. 
 
 COQUETTE, Influenza. 
 
 COQUILLE, Cochlea— c. d'(Evf, see Ovum. 
 
 COR, A corn. Also, Heart. 
 
 Cor Bovinum, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
 
 CORACOBRACHIiEUS, Coracobraehialis. 
 
 COR'ACO-BRA'CHIAL, Cor'aeo Rrachia'h's. 
 Belonging both to the coracoid process and arm. 
 
 CoRACO-BRAcniALis (Muscle), Coracobrachi- 
 cb'us, Coraco-humeral — (Ch.), Perfora'tus Cassb'- 
 Eii, Perforatus, is situate at the inner and upper 
 part of the arm. It arises from the coracoid 
 process of the scapula, and is inserted at the 
 middle part of the inner side of the humerus. It 
 carries the arm forwards and inwards, raising 
 the humerus a little. It can, also, by acting in- 
 versely, depress the shoulder. 
 
 COBACO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Coraco-davicnla'- 
 ris. Belonging to the coracoid process and cla- 
 vicle. 
 
 CoEACO Clavicular Ligament, — called, also, 
 Omo-elavicular, — serves to unite the clavicle to 
 the coracoid process. It is very irregular, and 
 formed of two fasciculi, which the greater part 
 of anatomists have described as particular liga- 
 ments, under the names Conoid and Trapezoid, 
 
 CORACODES, Coracoid. 
 
 CORACO-HUMERALIS, Coraco-brachialis— 
 c. Hyoideus, Omohyoideus — c. Radialis, Biceps 
 flexor cubiti. 
 
 COR'ACOID, CoraeoV dens, Coraco'i'des, Cora- 
 co'des, G. Proccss'its, Cornicula'ris Processus, 
 Groio' s-heah-like Process, Proces'sus anchora'lis, 
 rostriform'is, ancyroV des, from Kopal, ' a crow,* 
 and EdJof, 'resemblance.' (F.) Goraco'lde. P>,e- 
 sembling the beak of a crow. A name given by 
 Galen, (and still retained,) to the short, thick 
 process, situate at the anterior part of the upper 
 margin of the scapula; which has some resem- 
 blance to the beak of a crow. This process gives 
 attachment to the Coraeo-clavic' ular and Goraco- 
 acro'mial ligaments, and to the Coraco-brachia'- 
 lis, Pectora'lis minor, and Biceps muscles. 
 
 Coracoid Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum coraeoV- 
 deum, (F.) L. Coracoidien. This name is given 
 to the smaU fibrous fasciculus, which converts 
 the notch, at the superior margin of the scapula, 
 into a foramen. 
 
 COR AIL, Coral — c. des Jardins, Capsicum 
 annuum. 
 
 CORAL, Coral'Uum, Coral'lus, Arbor Maris, 
 Azur, Bolesis, from xopco), 'I adorn,' and 'aX?, 
 ' the sea.' (F.) Corail. One of the most beauti- 
 ful productions of the deep. It is fixed to sub- 
 marine rocks, in the form of a shrub ; and is of 
 a bright red colour. It is the habitation of a 
 multitude of animals, of the Zoophyta order, and 
 is formed of a calcareous substance, secreted by 
 the animals themselves. It is in very hard, con- 
 centric layers ; covered, externally, by a species 
 of porous bark, full of cellules, each of which eon- 
 tains one of these animals. Linneeus calls the 
 red coral, Isis nob'ilis, and M. de LamarclQ Go- 
 ral'lium rubrum. It is much fished for on the 
 coasts of Barbai-y and Sicily. Coral was formerly 
 esteemed tonic, absorbent, astringent, &c. ; but 
 analysis has shown, that it contains only carbo- 
 nate'of lime and a little gelatin. — Dioscorides, 
 Pliny, Oribasius, the Geoponica, &c. The Coral- 
 limn album is a hard, white, calcareous brittle 
 substance, the nidus of the Madrep'ora oeula'ta. 
 It has been given as an absorbent. 
 
 CORALLI'NA. Diminutive of CoraUium .• 
 Muscus marit'imus, Corallina officinr'lin. Bri"ii, 
 
CORALLINE 
 
 238 
 
 COEIUM 
 
 CnralUnn alha, Sea Cor'alline, Wliite Worm-iceed. 
 Tbe production of an animal, which belongs to 
 the genus Pol'ypi, and which is found in all the 
 peas of Europe ; — particularly in the Mediterra- 
 nean. It has the appearance of a plant, is homo- 
 geneous, an inch or two in height, of a white, 
 reddish, or gi-eenish colour, salt taste, and marine 
 smell. It contains gelatin, albumen, chloride of 
 sodium, phosphate, carbonate and sulphate of 
 lime, carbonate of magnesia, silica, oxide of iron, 
 and a colouring principle. It was once much 
 used as a vermifuge ; but is not now employed. 
 Dose, ^ss to gj, in powder. 
 
 CORALLINA Cohsica'na, C. riihra, Helmintho- 
 cfiorton, HelmintJiochort ' tim, Elminthoehorion, 
 2Iuicv8 helminthochortos, Mellthochorton, iluscus 
 coralli'nns seu Mari'nus seu Cor'sicus, Confer'va 
 Hihiiinthochortos, Sphmrocoeeus hehnintlioclior- 
 tos, Gigarti'na Tielminthochorton, CoralWna me- 
 litochorton, Lemithochorton, Fucus EelmintJio- 
 chorton, Cera'mium hehmnthochort'us, Corsican 
 Worm-weed, (F.) Coralline de Corse, Mousse de 
 Corse. It is a mixture of several marine plants 
 and zoophytes, as the fucus, eeramium, ulva, co- 
 ralline, confervtB, i'C, and has gained great repu- 
 tation for destroying all kinds of intestinal worms, 
 when given in strong decoction. The Geneva 
 Pharmacopceia directs an ofiicinal syrup — the 
 Sirop de Coralline. 
 
 CORALLINE BE CORSE, Corallina Corsi- 
 cana. 
 
 CORALLOIDES FUNGUS, Clavaria coral- 
 loides. 
 
 CORALTYORT, Clavaria eoralloides. 
 
 CORD, Funis, Fuaic'ulus, Chosnos, Ohoe'nion, 
 yoivoi, yoiviov, from the Latin Chorda, which is 
 itself derived from yji^lr], 'intestine;' and, a.fter- 
 wards, was applied to musical cords or strings, 
 made of the intestines of animals. See Chorda. 
 
 Cord, Uwbilical, Funiculus umbiliealis. 
 
 Cords. "Vocal, Cords of Ferrein, diordm vo- 
 ea'les, Ch. Ferre'nii. A name given to the liga- 
 ments of the glottis, which Ferrein compared to 
 etretched cords, and to which he attributed the 
 production of voice. See Thyreo-arytenoid Liga- 
 ment. 
 
 COR.DA, Chorda — e. Hippocratis, Achillis 
 tendo — c. Magna, Achillis tendo — c. Spinalis, 
 Medulla spinalis. 
 
 CORDE DU TAMBOUR, Chorda tympani 
 — c. du Ttiinpan, Chorda tympani. 
 
 CORDEE, Chordee. 
 
 COE.DIA AFRICAWA, Sebestinar— c. Domes- 
 tiea, Sebestina — c. Mysa, Sebestina — e. Obliqua, 
 Sehestina — c. Sebestina, Sebestina — c. Smooth- 
 leaved. Sebestina. 
 
 COPu'DIAL, Cordia'lis, Cardi'acus, from cor, 
 cordis, 'the heart.' A tonic or excitant medicine, 
 judged to be proper for exciting the heart. A 
 warm stom.achic. 
 
 Cordial, Goeprey's, see Godfrey's Cordial — 
 e. Nervous, Brodum's, see Tinctura gentianse 
 composita — c. Sir Walter Raleigh's, Confectio 
 aromatica — c. Warner's, see Tinctura rhei et 
 sennse. 
 
 CORDIFORM TENDON" OF THE DIA- 
 riTRAGM, Centre, phrenic. 
 
 COR DINE' MA, from Kapa, ' the head,' and 
 ctvzw, 'I move about.' Ileadach, accompanied 
 \7ir,n vertigo. See Cnrebaria, 
 
 CORDIS EMTJNCTORIUM, Axilla. 
 
 CORDOLICM, Cardialgia. 
 
 CORDON (F.), Fvnic'ulm, diminutive of funis, 
 ' a cord.' A term applied to many parts, which 
 resem'nie a small cord. 
 
 CORDON NERVEUX, Ramus Nervo'sus. A 
 principal division of a nerve, or the nervous trunk 
 itsoK 
 
 CORDON OMBILICALE, Funiculus umbili- 
 
 ealis — c. Spermatique, Spermatic chord — c. Testi- 
 cxdaire, Spermatic chord. 
 
 CORDONS SUS-PUBIENS, Round liga- 
 ments of the uterus — c. Vasculaires, Round liga- 
 ments of the uterus. 
 
 CORE, Pupil, see Furanculus. 
 CORECTOJIIA, Coretomia. 
 
 CORECTOP'IA, from Kopi?, 'the pupil,' ik, 'ont 
 of,' and To-o;, ' place.' Displacement of the pupil. 
 A condition of the iris in which one segment is 
 larger than the other; so that the pupil is not in 
 the centre. — Yon Ammon. 
 
 COREDIALYSIS, Coretomia. 
 
 CORE'MATA, from Koptu, 'I cleanse.' Reme- 
 dies proper for cleansing the skin. — Paulus of 
 ^gina. 
 
 COREMETAMORPHOSIS, Dyseoria. 
 
 COREMORPHO'MA, same etymon as the next. 
 A morbid change in the shape of the pupil. 
 
 COREMORPHO'SIS, Confomia'tio pnpilVce 
 artificia'lis ; from Kopr], 'the pupil,' and fiopipiamSf 
 'formation.' The operation for artificial pupiL 
 See Coretomia. 
 
 COREON'CION, Coron'cion, Coreon'cium, from 
 Kopv, ' the pupil,' and oyKivov, 'a hook.' An in- 
 strument, used for the formation of artificial pnpil 
 by Langenbeck. It is hooked at its extremity. 
 A douhle-hoohed forceps, used by Von Grafe, is 
 simil'arly named. 
 
 COREOP'SIS TRICHOSPER'MA, Tickweed 
 simfloicer, Tielseed sunflower. An indigenous 
 plant, of the Composite -F(/?n!'(y, with large golden- 
 yellow rays, which flowers in September. It is 
 said to have been used as an alterative. 
 
 CORETODIALYSIS, Coretomia. 
 
 CORETOMEDIALYSIS, Coretodialysis. 
 
 CORETOM'IA, from Kopr,, 'the pupil,' and 
 re^vziv, ' to cut.' Corotom'ia, Coretotom'ia, Iri- 
 dotom'ia, Corectom'ia, Coretonectom' ia, Iridectom' - 
 ia, Iridectomedial' ysis, Iridectomodial' ysis, Core^ 
 dial'ysis, Corodial'ysis, CoretodiaV ysis, Coretome- 
 dial'ysis, IridodiaVysis. "Various operations for 
 the formation of artificial pupil are so termed. 
 The last five signify the separation or tearing 
 asunder of the iris from the ciliary ligament ; the 
 preceding five the incision of the iris, viith loss 
 of substance; and the remainder signify a simple 
 incision of the iris, without loss of substance. 
 When a portion of the iris is left strangulated in 
 the wound, it is termed Iridenclei'sis, Iridencleis'- 
 mus. and Iridotenclei'sis. 
 
 CORETONECTOMIA, Coretomia. 
 
 CORETOTOMIA, Coretomia. 
 
 CORIANDER, Coriandrum sativum. 
 
 CORIANDRUM CICUTA, Cicuta virosa— c. 
 Maculatum, Conium maculatum. 
 
 CoRlAN'DRUSr Sati'vum, Corian'der, Corian'- 
 non, (F.) Coriandre. Family, Umbellifera3. Sex, 
 Syst. Petandria Digynia. The systematic name 
 of the Corian' drum of the pharmacopoeias ; Co- 
 rian'non. The seeds of the coriander have an 
 aromatic odour, and grateful, pungent taste. 
 They are carminative ; but are chiefly used to 
 cover the taste of other medicines. 
 
 CORIANNON, Coriandrum sativum. 
 
 CORIGEEN, Fucus crispus. 
 
 CORIITIS, Cvtitis. 
 
 CORINTHIAC^, see Vitis corinthiaca. 
 
 CORION, Corium, Hypericum perforatum. 
 
 COPvIS, Cimex — c. Monspeliensis, Symphytum 
 Petrajiim. 
 
 CO'RIUM, Corion. (F.) Cuir. The skin of 
 animals is so called, especially when tanned. 
 The cutis vera, or the thickest part of the human 
 skin. 
 
 Corium Phlogis'ticuw, Crusta pleuret'ica, C. 
 inflnmnuifo'ria, C. 2Jhlo/)is'tica,Jvflnm'matory Crxitt 
 or liuf. Huffy Coat, (F.) Conenne, C. Fleuritique, 
 C. Iti/lammatoire. The grayish crust or bufi^ 
 
CORK 
 
 239 
 
 CORNU 
 
 varying in thickness, observed on Llood drawn 
 from a veiu during the existence of violent in- 
 fiammation, pregnancy, &o. It is particularly 
 manifest in pleurisy, and hence one of its names. 
 For its production, it appears to be requisite, that 
 there should be an increase in the proportion of 
 the fibrinous element of the blood over that of 
 the red corpuscles, ■R'ith increased aggregation 
 of those corpuscles. Under such circumstances, 
 the huffy coat assumes a concave appearance on 
 its upper surface, and the blood is, therefore, said 
 t-o be cupped. 
 
 The buif is generally believed to consist of 
 fibrin ; but, according to the researches of Mul- 
 der, it is composed of a binoside of protein, which 
 is insoluble in boiling water, and a tritoxide which 
 is soluble. These oxides are comprehended by 
 him under the name oxyprotein. 
 
 When the blood presents the above appearance, 
 it is said to be huffy. 
 
 CORK, Suber. 
 
 CORMIER, Sorbus domestica. 
 
 CORMUS. In botany, when the stem of a 
 plant, Avithout creeping or rooting, is distended 
 under ground, retaining a round or oval form, it 
 is so called. The Cormus is vulgarly termed a 
 root, — radix. 
 
 CORN, (Saxon corn,) (G.) Kern. In Eng- 
 land, this word means the Cerealia, or those 
 seeds, which grow in ears, not in pods. In the 
 United States, Corn always means Indian Corn. 
 Its English sense corresponds to the French Ble 
 or Bled. 
 
 Corn, Clacus, Claws Pedis, Erphy'ma Clavus, 
 Gemur'sa, (F.) Cor, Ognon, from cornu. a 'horn.' 
 A small, hard, corneous tumour, which forms 
 upon the foot, generally on the toes ; and is com- 
 monly produced on the most projecting parts, by 
 the pressure of too tight shoes. A part of the 
 corn is raised above the skin, and forms a round 
 tumour, like the head of a nail: the other por- 
 tion, which serves as its base, is buried more or 
 less deeply in the integuments, and occasionally 
 extends as far as the tendons and periosteum. 
 Corns may, sometimes, be removed, by immers- 
 ing the feet in warm water, but commonly they 
 return. They can. likewise, be destroyed by the 
 knife or caustic, or by paring them down and 
 pulling them out by the roots; but these opera- 
 tions are not always as simple as the}' seem. In 
 the way of palliation, they must be constantly 
 pared ; and, for the purpose of preventing pres- 
 sure, any soft plaster, spread upon linen or leather, 
 may be applied, with a hole in the centre to re- 
 ceive the corn ; and layer after layer of plaster 
 be added, until they attain the level of the corn. 
 When very irritable, the lunar caustic, rubbed 
 over the surface, will generally diminish irritabi- 
 lity surprisingly, and in a mode not easy of ex- 
 planation. 
 
 Corn, Zea mays — c. Guinea, Panicum Italicum 
 . — c. Indian, Zea mays — c. Wild, Matricaria cha- 
 momilla — c. Flag, Gladiolus vulgaris — c. Flower, 
 Centaurea cyanus — c. Salad, Valeriana dentata — 
 c. Squirrel, Dicentra Canadensis. 
 CORNALINE, Cornelian. 
 CORNE, Cornu — c. d' Amman, Cornu ammonis 
 e. de Belier, Cornu ammonis — c. de Cerf, Cervus, 
 Cornu cervi, Cochlearia coronopus — c. de Clia- 
 muin, Cornu rupicaprsB — c. de la Peau, Cornu. 
 CORNE, Corneous. 
 
 COR'NEA, Cornea transpa'rens, C. pellu'cida, 
 C. lu'cida, Ceras, Sclerot'iea ceratoi'des, CeratoV- 
 des seu C'jrato'des memhra'na, Ceratome'ninx, 
 Memhra'na cornea; from cornu, 'horn.' The 
 transparent cornea. (F.) Cornee. One of the 
 coats of the eye, so called because it has some 
 resemblance to horn. It is termed transparent 
 to distinguish it from the opake — Cornea opa'ca 
 
 or Sclerotic. It is convex, anteriorly ; eoneavp, 
 posteriorly ; forming nearly one-fifth of the ante- 
 rior part of the eye, and representing a segment 
 of a sphere about seven lines and a half, or in. 
 0.625 in diameter. It seems to be constituted of 
 lamina; in superposition, but of the precise num- 
 ber anatomists are not agreed. Ilcnle assigns it 
 four; the third, a very solid cartilaginous lamella, 
 being cdlled 3Jemb ran e de Bemours or M. de De»- 
 ceniet. Messrs. Todd and Bowman assign it five 
 layers. 
 
 Cornea, Conical, Staphyloma of the cornea — 
 c. Opake, Caligo — c. Opaca, Sclerotic — c. Sugar- 
 loaf, Staphyloma of the cornea. 
 CORNEE, Cornea. 
 CORNEITIS, Ceratitis. 
 
 CORNEL, AMERICAN RED-ROD, Cormis 
 sericea — c. Large-flowered, Cornus Florida — c. 
 Panicled, Cornus paniculata. 
 
 CORNE'LIAN, Came'lian, Chalcedo'nittSf 
 Came' olus. Lapis Cnrne'obis, Corne'lns, Corne'chw, 
 LapAs Sard'lus, (F.) Cornaline. A precious, semi- 
 transparent stone, found in Sardinia. The an» 
 cients ascribed to it a number of absurd pro- 
 perties. 
 
 CORNELL'S. Cornelian. 
 CORNEOLUS, Cornelian. 
 
 COR'NEOUS, Cor'neus, (F.) Come. Having 
 the nature or appearance of horn. 
 
 Corneous Tissue is that which forms the nails. 
 The corneous membrane is the cornea. 
 
 CORNES BE LBIAgON (F.), Snail's Hotm. 
 A name given by Anel to the lachrj'mal puncta 
 and ducts. 
 
 CORNES BE LA MATRICE, Cornua uteri 
 — c. de la Pe:iu, Horny excrescences. 
 CORNESTA, Retort. 
 
 CORNET A CO USTIQ UE, Ear-trumpet — c. 
 Moyen, Turbinated bone, middle — c. deA!orga(/m, 
 Turbinated bone, superior. 
 
 CORNETS BE BERTIN, Sphenoidal cornua 
 — c. Sphenoidaiix, Sphenoidal cornua. 
 CORNICHON, see Cucumis sativus. 
 CORNICULxlRIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid 
 process. 
 
 CORNIC'ULUM, diminutive of con??/, 'a horn.' 
 'a little horn.' A species of cupping instrument^ 
 shaped like a trumpet, having a hole at the top 
 for sucking the air out, to diminish the pressure 
 in its interior. — Scultetus, Hildanus. 
 
 CORNICULUM Laryn'gis, Copit'ulum Santori'ni 
 seu Laryn'gis, Siipra-arytenoid Gar'tilage, Capit'- 
 ulum Cartilag"inia aryteno'idecB. A small, very 
 movable, cartilaginous tubercle, found on the 
 arvtenoid cartilages. 
 'cornier, Cornus Florida. 
 CORNIFICATION, Raeornissement. 
 CORNINE, see Cornus Florida. 
 CORNOUILLER, Cornus Florida— c. It 
 Feuillcs arrondiee, Cornus circinata — c. a Grandes 
 Jieurs, Cornus Florida — c. Soyeux, Cornus sericea. 
 CORNU, Ceras, Corn, Horn. (F.) Come. A 
 conical, hard) epidermeous projection, which 
 grows on the heads of certain animals, serving 
 them as a weapon of offence and defence. Ana- 
 tomists have given this name to parts of the hu- 
 man bod_y, which have nearly the same ;hape es 
 the horns of animals. 
 
 Cornu. A horny excrescence : a corneous wart, 
 which occasionally forms on the skin, and requires 
 the use of the knife; (F.) Come Je la Peau. — See 
 Corn. Also, Cornu Cervi. — See Cervus. Also, a 
 Retort. 
 
 Cornu AcusTicuir, Ear-trumpet. 
 Cornu Asfmo'kis, Cornu Arie't is, Iiipj:>ocam'pxi^ 
 major, Pes hippocam'pi major. Pes lnpp>opot'am\ 
 major, Protuberan'tia cylind'rica, Vermis BoTtt- 
 hyc"inus, Proces'sns cer'ebri latera'lis, (F.) Corn« 
 d'Ammon, Come de Belier, Grande Hippocam^iti^ 
 
CORNUA 
 
 240 
 
 CORONALE 
 
 Pierl de cheval marin, Proticherance cyllndroide 
 (Ch.), Bourrelet roidd. A broad, considerable 
 eminence, curved on itself, and situate at the 
 posterior part of the lateral ventricle. Its sur- 
 face presents two or three tubercles separated 
 from each other "t^y shallow grooves. 
 
 The Accesso' rius Pedis Hq^pocamp'i, (F.) Ac- 
 cessoire du 2^ied d'lii2)pocampe, is a prominence, 
 usually formed by the base of the inferior cornu 
 of the lateral ventricle of the brain. It is merely 
 a fold of the hemisphere, and was by Malacarne 
 called Ciiissart ou Armure dea Jamhes. 
 
 CoRXU AxTEPaus sen Anti'cum Ventric'uli 
 Latera'liS; Anterior Cornu of the Lat'eral Ven'- 
 tricle. The portion of the lateral ventricle of the 
 brain, which is lodged in the middle of the lobe, 
 and forms the commencement of that cavity. 
 
 CoRXU Ceryi, Cornu, Cornu Cervi'num, Cervi 
 El'apTii Cornu, Hartshorn, (F.) Come de cerf. 
 The horns of various species of the stag. They 
 contain about 27 per cent, of gelatin. The Shav- 
 ings, Raspatu'ra seu Pas'ura Cornu Cervi, O. C. 
 rasp)a'tum, boiled in water, have, consequently, 
 been esteemed emollient and nutritive. 
 
 Hartshorn Jelly may be made as follows : — 
 Hartshorn shavings, ^vj ; boil in water Oiv to 
 Oij ; strain, and add, whilst hot, of lemon-juice, 
 two tablespoonfuls ; lohite sugar, ^vj ; and Sherry 
 wine, two glasses. 
 
 A good nutriment for the sick, where wine is 
 not improper. 
 
 When burnt, the shavings constitute the Cornu 
 cervi calcina'fum, Cormi v.stum, Phospihas Calcis, 
 Ccloc'J ria phosphoi-' ica, (F.) Coriie de cerfcahinee, 
 which consists of 57.5 per cent, of phosphate of 
 lime. It has been iised as an antacid, but is 
 wholly inert, as its composition woiald indicate. 
 It contains only 1 per cent, of carbonate of lime. 
 
 Hartshorn was once supposed to possess a be- 
 zoardic power. 
 
 CoRxu CERvrauM, Cervus, Plantago corono- 
 pus — c. Ethmoidal, Turbinated bone, middle. 
 
 CoRxu Descen'dexs Vektric'uli Latera'lis. 
 Dig"ital Oav'ity, Descending or inferior cornu of 
 the lateral ventricle. The termination of the late- 
 ral ventricle in the middle lobe of the brain, be- 
 hind the fissure of Sylvius. 
 
 Cornu, Middle, Turbinated bone, middle. 
 
 CoRNcr Poste'rius seu Posti'cum Yextric'uli 
 Latera'lis, Cav'itus digita'ta. Posterior Cornu 
 of the Lateral Ventricle. The triangular pro- 
 longation of the lateral ventricle of the brain into 
 the substance of the occipital lobe. 
 
 CoRXU Pi,dpica'pr.e, (F.) Come de Chamois. 
 The horn of the chamois. It has the same pro- 
 perties as the Cornu Cervi. 
 
 CORNUA, Turbinated bones. 
 
 CoRNUA Cartilag"inis THrRoiDE^. Emi- 
 nences on the thyroid cartilage, distinguished 
 into great or superior, which are artictilated with 
 the great cornu of the os hyoides; — and into 
 small or in/e;-ior, united with the cricoid cartilage. 
 
 CoRXtJA Coccy'gis, Cornua of the Coccyx. Two 
 Bmall, tubercular eminences at the base of the coc- 
 cyx, which are articulated with those of the sacrum. 
 
 CoENUA CuTAXEA, Horny excrescences. 
 
 GoRNUA Hyoidei Ossis, Radi'ces ossis hyo'i'dei, 
 Cornua of the Hyoid Bone. Four fragments of 
 the OS hyoides, situate above the body of the 
 bone, and distinguished into \.\\& small ov superior, 
 and the great or lateral. 
 
 Cornua LAcnnrjiALiA, Lachrymal ducts — c. 
 I.imacum, Lachrymal ducts, see Lachrymal 
 puncta. 
 
 Cornua Sacra'lia, Cornua of the Sacrum. 
 Two tubercles, situate at the posterior and in- 
 forior surface of the sacrum, which are some- 
 times united. 
 
 Cornua, Styloid, see Hyoides, os. 
 
 Cornua U'teei, Cornua of the Uterus, Cerate, 
 Kspaiai, Plec'tancB, (F.) Comes de la Matrice. The 
 angles of the uterus, where the Fallopian tubes 
 arise. Sometimes applied to the Falloijian tubes 
 themselves. 
 
 CORNUE, Retort. , 
 
 CORNUE TUBULEE, see Retort. , 
 
 CORXUMUSA, Retort. 
 
 CORNUS AMOMUS, C. sericea— c. Blue ber- 
 ried, C. Sericea. 
 
 CoRNus Circina'ta, Round-leaved Dogtcood, 
 (F.) Cornouiller d feuilles arrondies. The bark 
 of this variety has been used for similar pur- 
 poses with the next. 
 
 CoRNUS Flor'ida, Dogwood, Dogtree, Boxtree, 
 BitterRedberry,Large-floweredCornel,McdeGreat- 
 floicered Dogwood, Florida Dogwood, Virginian 
 Dogwood, Boxwood (New England ), (F.) Cor- 
 nouiller, Cornier, C. d grandes fieurs. The bark 
 of this beautiful tree, which grows everywhere in 
 the United States, has been long employed as a 
 substitute for cinchona. Dose, from ^ss to ^j- Its 
 active principle has been separated from it, and 
 received the name of Cornine. 
 
 CoRNus FcEiiiNA, C. seiicca — c. Mas odorata, 
 Laurus sassafras. 
 
 CoRNUs Panicula'ta, Pan'icled Cornel, indi- 
 genous, has been used as a substitute for Cornas 
 Florida. 
 
 CoRNUs RuBiGiNOSA, C. sericea — e. Sanguinea, 
 Sebestina, C. sericea. 
 
 CoRXUS Seri"cea, Cornus amo'mus, C.fce'mina, 
 0. ruhigino'sa, C. Sangvin'ea, Suamp) Dogwood, 
 Red Willow, Rose WilloiD, Neic England Dog- 
 loood, Female Dogwood, Silky-leaved Dowood, 
 American Red-rod Cornel, Blueberried Dogwood, 
 Bluelerried Cornus, (F.) Cornouiller soyeiix. The 
 bark, it is said, has been found little inferior to 
 Cinchona. Pallida in intermittents. — Barton. 
 
 CORXUTA. Retort. 
 
 CORODIALYSIS, Coretomia. 
 
 COROXA, Crown — c. Ciliaris, Ciliary body— 
 c. Dentis, Crown of a tooth — c. Glandis, Crown 
 of the glans — c. Posterior tilnas, Olecranon. 
 
 CoRO'xA Ra'diaxs, Radiating Crown of Reil. 
 Fasciculi of white fibres radiate in all directions 
 from every part of the surface of the optic thala- 
 mus, excepting its inner side, which is free and 
 corresponds to the third ventricle ; the anterior 
 of these fibres pass directly forwards, the middle 
 fibres outwards, and the posterior backwards, 
 forming the coro'na ra'dians. 
 
 Corona Regia, Trlfolium melilotus — c. Ulnae, 
 Olecranon — c. Veneris, Crown of Venus. 
 
 COROXA CILIARIS MEMBRAXULA, Cili- 
 ary zone — c. Palpebrarum, see Tarsus. 
 
 COROXAD, see Coronal Aspect. 
 
 CORO'XAL, Corona'lis, Corona'riue. Relating 
 to the crown; from corona, 'a crown.' A name 
 formerly given to the frontal bone, because on it 
 partly reposes the crown of kings. 
 
 Coronal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 plane of the corona or crown of the head. Coro- 
 vad is used adverbially to signify 'towards the 
 coronal aspect.' — Barclay. 
 
 Coronal Suture, Sutu'ra corona'lis, S. Pronto- 
 parieta'lis, Pujipis Sutu'ra, S. Arcua'lis. The 
 suture of the head, which extends from one tem- 
 poral bone to the other, over the crown of the 
 head, and unites the parietal bones with tho 
 frontal. The Suture Coronule of the French 
 anatomists is the suture which unites the two 
 halves of the os frontis at the early period of life. 
 It is a prolonsation of the sagittal. 
 
 COROXALE, MIXERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters are found near Lucca, in Italy. 
 They received their name Irom an erroneous 
 
CORONARIUS 
 
 241 
 
 CORPORA ALBIGANTIA 
 
 Eotlon, that they are particularly adapted for 
 curing diseases of the os frontis. Their tempe- 
 rature is 95° Fahrenheit. They contain free 
 carbonic acid, sulphates of lime and magnesia, 
 chlorides of sodium and magnesium, &c., and 
 £Ome iron. 
 
 CORONARIUS, Coronal. 
 
 COR'ONARY, Corona'rius, (F.) Coronaire, 
 from corona, 'a crown.' Resembling a crown. 
 
 Cor'onary Ar'tery of the Stomach, Arte'ria 
 Corona' ria Yentric'uli, A, Gas'triea siipe'rior, 
 (P.) Artere coronaire stoinachique, A. Stomogas- 
 trique (Ch.), is one of the branches of the cceliae, 
 which passes towards the superior orifice of the 
 stomach, extends along its lesser curvature, and 
 ends by anastomosing with the pyloric branch 
 of the hepatic. This artery furnishes branches 
 to the inferior part of the oesophagus, the cardiac 
 orifice, the great cul-de-sac, the middle part of 
 the stomach, the lesser omentum, and anasto- 
 moses with the other arteries of those organs. 
 
 Coronary Ligament of the liver is a reflection 
 of the peritoneum, which surrounds the posterior 
 mai'gin of the liver. The same term is likewise 
 applied to ligaments which unite the radius and 
 ulna. 
 
 Coronary Plexus of the Heart. The ante- 
 rior and posterior coronary plexuses of the heart 
 are derived from the anterior and posterior car- 
 diac plexuses. See Cardiac Plexus. 
 
 Coronary Plexus of the Stomach. This 
 plexus of nerves is given off from the upper part 
 of the solar plexus. 
 
 Coronary Sinus of the Heart, Sinus, coro- 
 nary, venous — c. Sinus of Ptidley, Sinus corona- 
 rius. 
 
 Coronary Vein of the Stomach, Vena Ooro- 
 na'ria Ventric'uli, aeeompanies the artery, and 
 terminates in the vena i^orta. Sommering, and 
 some other anatomists, call all the four arteries 
 of the stomach Gorona'rim Stomach' ica. 
 CORONCION, Coreoncion. 
 CORO'NE, from (copwv);, 'a crow.' The coro- 
 noid process of the lower jaw. 
 
 COR'OKOID, CoronoV des, from KopMvij, 'a, 
 'crow,' and ciSo;, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Re- 
 sembling the beak of a crow. This name has 
 been given to two processes. One, situate at the 
 anterior and superior part of the ramus of the os 
 maxillare inferius, and affording attachment to 
 the temporal muscle : the other, called, also, 
 sharp process, situate at the superior part of the 
 ulna, anterior to the great sigmoid fossa, and 
 forming a nart of the hinge of the elbow-joint. 
 CORONOPODIUM, Plantago coronopus. 
 CORONOPUS, Cochlearia coronopus — c. De- 
 pressus, Cochlearia coronopus — c. Ruellii, Coch- 
 learia coronopus — c. Vulgaris, Cochlearia coro- 
 nopus. 
 
 COROTOMIA, Coretomia. 
 CORPORA ALBICANTIA, Mammillary tu- 
 bercles — c. Arantii, Noduli Arantii, Tubercula A. 
 — e. Bigemina, Quadrigemina corpora — c. Candi- 
 cautia, Albicantia corpora, Mammillary tubercles 
 — c. Cavei-nosa, Cavernous bodies — c. Fibrosa, 
 Corps Fihreux. 
 
 Cor'pora Fimbria'tA, TcBnia Hippocam'pi, 
 Fimbriated or fringed bodies, (F.) Corps Franges, 
 C. Bordes, Bandelettes des Comes d'Ammon, Ban- 
 delette de V IIip>p)ocampe. The thin, flattened, and 
 very delicate band, situate along the concave edge 
 of the cornu ammonis, which is a continuation 
 of the posterior crura of the fornix. 
 
 Corpora Genioula'ta, (F.) Corps GenicuUs, 
 0. genouilles. Eminences situate at the lower 
 and outer part of the optic thalami. Each optic 
 tract commences at the corp'us genictda'tum ex- 
 tern'um. The corpus genicula'tum inlern'um is 
 16 
 
 merely a tubercle inserted into the bend or knee, 
 formed by the corpus geniculatum externiim. 
 
 Corpora Globosa Cervicis Uteri, iNabothi 
 glandulaa — c. Lutea, see Corpus luteum. 
 
 Cor'pora Malpighia'na, ilalpig'hian Bodies, 
 Ac" ini, Cor'2niscles or Glomerules of Malpig'hi. 
 Scattered through the plexus formed by the 
 blood-vessels and uriniferous tubes in the kid- 
 ney, a number of small dark points may be seen 
 with the naked eye, which received their name 
 from Malpighi, their describer. Each of these, 
 under the microscope, is found to consist of a 
 convoluted mass of blood-vessels, which consti- 
 tutes the true glandule, corpuscle or glomerxde of 
 Malpighi. It was at one time supposed that the 
 tubuli uriniferi originate in them ; but this does 
 not appear to be the case. Their use is not posi- 
 tively known, but as they have been traced by 
 Mr. Bowman into the commencement of the uri- 
 nary tubes, in which they lie uncovered, it has 
 been supposed that their oflice may be to sepa- 
 rate the watery portions of the blood to be mixed 
 with the proper urinous matter. 
 
 Corpora Mammillaria, Mammillary tuber- 
 cles — c. Nervio-spongiosa Penis, Corpora caver- 
 nosa — c. Nervosa, Corpora cavernosa. 
 
 Corpora Oliva'ria, C. ova'ta, Eminen'ticB OH 
 va'res sen ova'les latera'les, Oli'vcB, Prominen' ti£ 
 Semiova'lcs IfedullcB Oblonga'tcE, [Eminences la- 
 terales, Ch.) Oblong, whitish eminences, situate 
 at the occipital surface of the medulla oblongata, 
 exterior to the corpora pyramidalia. 
 
 Corpora Ovata, Corpora olivaria — c. Pisifor- 
 mia, Mammillary tubercles. 
 
 Corpora Pyrajiida'lia, Bmincn'tice ^ji/row?.?- 
 da'les seu media'ncB inter'nm, Pyra'mides, (F.) 
 Corps piyramidaux, Pyramides anterieuree (Gall), 
 Eminences pyramidcdes [Ch..) Two small medul- 
 lary eminences, placed alongside each other, at 
 the occipital surface of the medulla oblongaite, 
 between the corpora olivaria. These bodies 
 have also been called Corpora Pyramidalia an- 
 ti'ca, to distinguish them from the C. olivaria, 
 which have been called Corpora Pyramidalia 
 latera'lia. 
 
 Corpora Pyramidalia Posteriora, Coi-pora 
 restiformia — e. Quadrigemina, Q. corpora. 
 
 Corpora Restifor'mia, Crura medul'la ollon- 
 ga'tcB, Pedun'culi mcdidlcB oblonga'tm, Corpora 
 2}yramidalia j^osterio'ra, Proces' sus d cerebell'o 
 ad vieduU'am oblonga'tum, Pos'terior pyramids, 
 Ped'uncles of the mednl'la oblonga'ta. Inferior 
 peduncles of the cerebellum, (F.) Corps resti- 
 formes, Cuisses posterieures, Pyramides 2^osfe- 
 rieures, Bacines, Bras ou Jambes du cervelet, PS- 
 tites branches de la moelle allongee, Pedoncules 
 du cervelet. Two medullary projections, oblong, 
 and of a whitish appearance, which proceed from 
 each side of the upper extremity of the medulla 
 oblongata, and contribute to the formation of the 
 cerebellum. 
 
 Corpora Stria'ta, Grand ganglion 8v2:>erieur 
 du cerveau (Gall), Couches des nerfs ethmo'idaux, 
 Corps canneles, Eminen'tim Lentieula'res, Collic'- 
 rdi Nervi Ethmo'ida'lis, Ap'ices Crurum medul'la 
 oblonga'tcB, Gan'glion cer'ebri ante'rius, Anterior 
 cerebral ganglion, (F.) Corps stries. Pj'riform 
 eminences of a slightly brownish-gray colour, 
 which form part of the floor of the lateral ventri- 
 cles of the brain. When cut, a mixture of gray 
 and white substance is seen, arranged alter- 
 nately, to which they owe their name. The tract 
 of fibres that ascends from the anterior pj'ramids 
 passes chiefly into them. Willis considered that 
 the soul resided there. 
 
 Corpora Striata Superna Posteriora, Tha 
 lami nervorum opticorum— c. WolfSana, see Cor- 
 pus Wolffianum. 
 
COUPS 
 
 2i2 
 
 CORPUS 
 
 CORPS, Body — c. Bordes, Corpora fimliriata 
 e. Calleux, Corpus callosum — c. CanneUs, Cor- 
 pora striata — c. Caverneux, Corpora cavernosa — 
 c. Ceiidre, Corpus dentatum — c. Ciliaire, Corpus 
 dentatum — c. Dentele, Corpus dentatum — c. 
 Etranger, Extraneous body — c. Festonne, Corpus 
 dentatum. 
 
 Corps Fibredx, Corpora Fibro'sa. Bayletas 
 given this name to adventitious fibrous produc- 
 tions of a round form, more or less adherent, 
 and sometimes having a pedicle, which form in 
 certain parts of the body, particularly in the sub- 
 stance of the uterus. 
 
 Corps Frances, Corpora fimbriata — c. Ge7n- 
 cules, Corpora geniculata — c. Godronne, Fascia 
 dentata — c. Hyalo'ide, Corpus vitreum — c. d'Hyg- 
 more ou d' Hirjhmore, Corpus Highmori — c. Jaime, 
 Corpus luteum — c. Muqueuy, Corpus mucosum — ■ 
 c. Organises, Organized bodies — c. Pampiniforme, 
 Corpus pampiniforme — c. Pyramidaux, Corpora 
 pyramidalia — c. Restifortnes, Corpora restiformia 
 — c. Rhomhoide, Corpus dentatum — c. Stries, Cor- 
 pora striata — c. Thyro'ide, Thyroid gland — c. Va- 
 riciforme, Epididymis — c. Variqueux, Corpus pam- 
 piniforme. Epididymis — c. Vitre, Corpus vitreum. 
 COPi,P'ULENT, Corpulen'tiw, Ohe'sus, Crassus, 
 Fat, Fleshy. Having an unusual development 
 of fat or flesh in proportion to the frame of the 
 body. 
 
 CORPULEN'TIA, Cor' pulence, from corpus, 
 'the body,' and lentiis, 'thick/ is synonymous 
 with Obesity and Polysarcia. 
 
 CoRPULENTiA Carnosa, Topositas. 
 CORPUS, Soma, A Body. Any object 'wLich 
 strikes one or more of our senses. Gases, liquids, 
 metals, vegetables, animals, are so many bodies. 
 Natural bodies have been divided into animal, 
 vegetable, and mineral; or into tnor^anj'c, includ- 
 ing the mineral kingdom ; and organized, includ- 
 ing the animal and vegetable. The chief diifer- 
 ences between organized and inorganic bodies 
 consists in the former having an origin by gene- 
 ration, growth by nutrition, and tennination by 
 death : the latter a foi-fuitovs origin, external 
 growth, and a termination by chemical or mecha- 
 nical force. 
 
 Many parts of the frame have, also, been dis- 
 tinguished by this name, as Corpus Callosum, C. 
 Mucosum, &c. See Body. 
 
 Corpus Adeniforme, Prostate — c. Adenoides, 
 Prostate — c. Adiposum, Pinguedo — c. Alienum, 
 Extraneous — c. Annulare, Pons varolii. 
 
 Corpus Callo'suii, Commissu'ra Magna cer'- 
 ebri, Trabs Medtilla'ris seu Cer'ebri, Trabec' ula 
 sen Cop'ida magna cer'ebri, (F.) Corps Calleux, 
 Vodte medullaire, Plafond des ventricules du cer- 
 veaii, Mesolobe (Ch.) A white, medullary band, 
 perceived on separating the two hemispheres of 
 the brain, which it connects with each other. 
 La Peyronie regarded it as the seat of the soul. 
 On it are seen longitudinal and transverse fibres 
 
 — Stria lougitudina'les Lancis'ii, and Strim 
 transver'scB Willis'ii. The anterior portion, 
 which bends downwards, is termed genu; the 
 posterior flexure, sple'nium.. The fibres, which 
 p.urve backwards into the posterior lobes from 
 the posterior border of the corpus callosum, have 
 been termed Forceps ; those which pass directly 
 outwards into the middle lobes from the same 
 point, Tape' turn; and those which curve for- 
 wards anil inwards from the anterior border to 
 the anterior lobes, ybrcep* anterior. 
 
 Corpus Ciliare, Ciliary Body, Corpus denta- 
 tum, Ree Ciliary — c. Uiuereum, Corpus dentatum 
 
 — c. Cono'ides, Pineal gland — c. Crystalloides, 
 Crystalline. 
 
 Corpus Denta'tum, C. Dentictda'tnm, C. Cili- 
 a'ri.. '^Y.) Corps dentele, Corps festonne, A cen- , 
 
 tral, oval nucleus, of cineritious substance, met 
 with in the cerebellum; the circumference of 
 which exhibits a number of indentations, sur- 
 rounded by medullary substance. — Vicq d'Azyr. 
 It is seen by dividing the cerebellum vertically 
 into two equal parts. — The same body has been 
 called Corps cendre ou ciliaire ou rhombo'ide, 
 Corpus Cine'retim, C. Rhomhdideum seu Rhom- 
 bo'idale. Ganglion du cervelet. Noyau central dea 
 Pedoncules du cervelet. Nucleus dentatue seu fm- 
 bria'tus seu centra'lis sbvl rhomboida'lis, Substan'- 
 tia rhombo'idea, Gan'glion cilia're, Gan'glion ce- 
 rebelli. The term Corpxis denta'tum, Nu'cleus 
 oli'vce, is also given to the ganglion of the corpus 
 olivare, which, like that of the cerebellum, is a 
 yellowish-gray dentated capsule, open behind, 
 and containing medullary matter, from which a 
 fasciculus of fibres proceeds upwards to the cor- 
 pora quadrigemina and thalami optici. 
 
 Corpus Denticulatum, c. Dentatum — c. Dis- 
 coides. Crystalline — c. Externum, Extraneous 
 body — e. Extraneum, Extraneous body— c. 6e- 
 nieulatum, see Corpora Geniculata — e. Glandi- 
 forme. Prostate — c. Glandosum, Prostate — c. 
 Glandulosum, Prostate. 
 
 Corpus Glandulo'sum Mulie'rum, Gland'ulea 
 Pros'tatcB mulie'rum. A vascular, spongy emi- 
 nence, which surrounds the orifice of the urethra, 
 and projects at its under part. 
 
 Corpus Highmc'ri, C. Highmoria'num, Medi- 
 asti'num testis, Mea'tus semina'rius, (F.) Corps 
 d' Hygmore ou d'Highmore, Sinus des Vaisseaitx 
 seminiferes, (Ch.) An oblong eminence, along 
 the superior edge of the testicle, which seems 
 formed of a reflection of the tunica albuginea, 
 through which the principal trunks of the semi- 
 niferous vessels pass before they reach the epidi- 
 dymis. 
 
 Corpus IjrcoifPREHExsiBLE, Thymus. 
 Corpus Lu'iEmr, (F.) Corjjs Jaime. A small 
 yellowish body, perceived in the ovarium, and 
 left after the rupture of one of the vesicles. It 
 was, for a long time, considered an evidence of 
 previous impregnation ; but it is now maintained 
 that Corpora lutea may be met with in unques- 
 tionable virgins ; although the corpora lutea of 
 virgins have been generally regarded to differ 
 materially, in size and character, from those of 
 impregnation, which have been called true cor- 
 piora, lutea, in contradistinction to the other, 
 which have been called /a ?se corpora lutea. 
 
 Corpus Muco'sum, C. retietda're, Rete mvco'- 
 sum, Mucus seu Rele seu Stratum Maljng'hii, Re- 
 tie'ulum cuta'neum seu muco'sum, Mesoderm' urn, 
 Mucous tceb, (F.) Corpis muqueux. The second 
 layer of the skin has been so called. It is situ- 
 ate between the cutis vera and cuticle, and gives 
 colour to the body. In the white varieties of our 
 species it is colourless ; in the negro, black. By 
 some anatomists the existence of such a layer, 
 distinct from the epidermis, is denied. 
 Corpus Okexse, Corpus Wolfiianum. 
 Corpus Pampixifor'miS, G. Varico'sum, from 
 pampinus, 'a tendril.' Cor'pus pyramida'le, Ile- 
 dera'ceus plexus, Plexus pampiniform' is. Plexus 
 vasoulo'sus funic'uli spermatid pampiniformis, 
 (F.) Corps pampiniforme, C. Variqueux. The 
 plexus or retiform arrangement of the spermatic 
 art«ries and veins in the cavity of the abdomen, 
 anterior to the psoas muscle. 
 
 Corpus Papillarb, Textus Papilht'ria, Cor- 
 pus reticula're. The nervous and vascular pa- 
 pilla situate beneath the epidermis, called by 
 Breschet Neurothelic aj:iparatus. 
 
 Corpus Phacoides, Crystalline — c. Pituitnrc, 
 Pituitary gland — c. Psalloides, Lyra — c. Pyra- 
 midale, Corpus pampiniforme — c. Rcticulnrc, Cor-' 
 pus mucosum, Corpus Papillare — c. Rhomboidalek 
 
CORPUSCLES 
 
 243 
 
 V.ORRUPTION 
 
 Corpus dentatum— c. Pihomboideum, Corpus den- 
 tatum — c. Thymiamum, Thymus — e. Thymicum, 
 Thymus — c. Thyreoideum, Thyroid gland — c. 
 Turbiuatum, Pineal gland — c. Yaricosum, Corpus 
 pampiniforme. Spermatic chord — c. Yaricosum 
 testis, Epididymis. 
 
 Corpus SpoNGio'srsi Ure'thr^, Suhstan'tia 
 spnngio'sa ure'tkrce. This substance arises before 
 the prostate gland, surrounds the urethra, and 
 forms the bulb. It then proceeds to the end of 
 the corpora cavernosa, and terminates in the 
 glans penis, ■which it forms. Kobelt describes, 
 ia the female, as the analogue to the corpus spon- 
 giosum of the male, a venous plexus, which, as 
 it lies between the glans clitoridis, and the part 
 that corresponds, in the male, to the bulb of the 
 urethra, he terms ^jars interme'dia. 
 
 Corpus Yit'reuii, Humor Vitreus, H. Hya- 
 loVdes seu liyal'inxis, Glacia'lia humor, Vitreous 
 humor, (F.) Corps vitre, C. hyaloide, Humeur 
 hyalo'ide. The transparent mass, of a gelatinous 
 consistence, which fills the eye, behind the crys- 
 talline. It is contained in cells, formed by the 
 tunica hynloidea. 
 
 Corpus Wollfia'xujt, Cor/uts OJien'se, Wolffian 
 body. At a very early period of foetal formation, 
 bodies are perceptible, which were first described 
 by Wolff, as existing in the fowl, and in the mam- 
 malia by Oken. According to Muller, they dis- 
 appear in man very early, so that but slight re- 
 mains of them are perceptible after the 9th or 
 lOth week of pregnancy. They cover the region 
 of the kidneys and renal capsules, which are 
 formed afterwards; and they are presumed to 
 be the organs of urinary secretion during the first 
 periods of foetal existence. 
 
 CORPUSCLES, BLOOD, Globules of the blood 
 — c. Bone, see Lacunse of Bone — c. Caudate, see 
 Caudate — c. Chyle, see Chyle. 
 
 Corpuscles, Exuda'tiox. The organizable 
 nuclei contained in fibrinous fluids, which are 
 the origin of the new tissues formed from such 
 fluids 
 
 Corpuscles, Ganglion, see Neurine — c. 
 Glandiform, Acinus — c. Lymph, see Lymph — c. 
 of Malpighi, Corpora Malpighiana — c. Mucous, 
 see Mucus — c. Osseous, see Lacunse of bone. 
 
 Corpuscles, Pacin'ian, so called from Filippo 
 Pacini, an Italian physician, who, it is generally 
 conceived, first noticed them in 1830. They ap- 
 pear, however, to have been depicted in 1741 by 
 Lehmann, from a preparation by A. Vater, who 
 called them Papillm and P. nervem. Hence, it 
 has been proposed by J. C. Strahl (18-18) to call 
 them Vaterian cor2DuscIes or Corpuscles of Vater 
 (Yater'sche Korperchen.) Small bodies con- 
 nected with the cutaneous nerves of the palm and 
 sole. They have also been found sparingly and 
 inconstantly in nerves at the wrist and elbow; 
 in the upper arm, fore-arm, and thigh, and inter- 
 costal nerve, the sacral plexus, solar plexus and 
 the plexuses adjacent to it. In each corpuscle 
 there is the termination of a nervous filament. 
 Their uses are not known. 
 
 Corpuscles op Purkinje, see Canaliculus — c. 
 Pus, see Pus — c. Pyoid, see Pus — c. Splenic, see 
 Spleen — c. of Yater, C. Pacinian — c. White granu- 
 lated, see Globulin. 
 
 CORPUSCULA ARANTII, Tubercula A.— 
 c. Glandularum similia intestinorum, Peyeri 
 glandules — e. Glcbosa cervicis uteri, Kabothl 
 glandukc — c. Ossium, see Lacuna2 of bone. 
 
 CORPUSCULUM ARANTII, see Sigmoid 
 valves — c. Sesamoideum, see Sigmoid valves. 
 
 CORRAGO, Borago officinalis. 
 
 CORRE, Corse, from Keipu), ' 1 shave.' (?) The 
 temples or the part of the jaws, which it is usual 
 to shave. — Gorrseus. 
 
 CORRECTTF, Corrigent. 
 
 CORRECTION, CorrecUio, from comgere, 
 (con, and regere, 'to rule or crder,') 'to correct.' 
 The act of correcting medicines ; that is, of dimi- 
 nishing their energy or obviating unpleasant ef- 
 fects, by mixing them with substances which 
 mitigate their operation. 
 
 CORRECTORIUS, Corrigens. 
 
 CORRELATION, see Synergy. 
 
 CORRIGEEN MOSS, Fueus crispus. 
 
 COR'RIGENT, Cor'rigens, Correcto'rius, Cas- 
 ti'gans, Infrin'gens, Emeu' dans : same etymon. 
 (F.) Gorrectif. That which corrects. A corri- 
 gent, in a pharmaceutical formula, is a substance 
 added to a medicine to mollify or modify its ac- 
 tion. In the following formula, the aloes, if not 
 corrected, might induce tormina. The Oleum 
 MenthcB is added as a corrigent. 
 
 B -^loes 5J 
 
 Olei MenthcB gtt. v 
 
 Syrup q. s. lit Ji ant PihdcB xvj 
 
 CORRIG"IA. A leathern strap. By exten- 
 sion, the term has been applied to the tendons 
 and ligaments. 
 
 CORROB'ORANT, CorroVorans, EoVorana, 
 Ifuscida'ris, liestau'rans, Restor'ative, Bracing, 
 from corrohorare, (eon, and rohur, 'strength,') 
 'to strengthen.' (F.) Corroborant, Corroboratif, 
 Fortifiant. Any substance which strengthens 
 and gives tone. Wine, for example, is a corrobo- 
 rant. See Tonic. 
 
 CORROBORANTIA, Tonics. 
 
 CORROBORATIF, Corroborant. 
 
 CORROBANT, Corrosive. 
 
 CORRODENS, Corrosive. 
 
 CORROSIF, Corrosive. 
 
 CORRO'SION, Corro'sio, Biabro'sis, Anahro-'. 
 sis, Ero'sio, from con, and rodere, rosnm, 'to 
 gnaw.' The action or effect of corrosive sub- 
 stances. 
 
 CORRO'SIYE, Corro'dens, Biabrot'icns, Cor- 
 rosi'vus, same etymon. (F.) Corrosif, Corrodant. 
 Corrosives are substances, which, when placed in 
 contact with living parts, gradually disorganize 
 them. Caustic alkalies. Mineral acids. Corrosive 
 sublimate, are corrosives. They act either di- 
 rectly, by chemically destroying the pa,rt, — or 
 indirectly, by causing inflammation and gangrene. 
 
 Corrosive Poison, see Poison. 
 
 CORRUGATIO, Corrugation — c. Cutis, 
 Wrinkle. 
 
 CORRUGA'TIOlSr, Corrvga'tio, SyncB'rema, 
 from con, and ruga, 'a wrinkle.' Wrinkling, 
 Frowning, {¥.) Froncement ; the contraction of 
 the Corrvgato'res Supercil'ii muscles. Corruga- 
 tion of the skin is often owing to the application 
 of styptic medicines : it is rendered by them un- 
 equal and rugous. 
 
 CORRUGATOR COITERII, Corrugator sn- 
 percilii. 
 
 Corruga'tor Supercil'ii, from corn/i/are, 'to 
 wrinkle ;' same etymon. Mus'cuhis s-up)erciri%j 
 Supercilia'ris, Jhis'culus fronta'lis verus seu Cor- 
 ruga'tor Coite'rii, (F.) Cutaneo-soui-cilier, Muscle 
 Sourcilier ou Surcilier, M. Fronto-Sourcilier. A 
 muscle situate in the eyebrows. It is attached, 
 by its inner extremity, to the superciliary ridge, 
 and is confounded, externally, with the occipito- 
 frontalis and orbicularis palpebrarum. It carries 
 the eyebrow inwards, and wrinkles the skin of 
 the forehead. 
 
 CORRUP'TION, Corritp'tio, Phthora,Biaph'. 
 thora, from corrumpere, corruptum; [con, and 
 rwnpere, 'to break,) 'to destroy.' Act of cor- 
 rupting. State of being corrupted. Reaction of 
 the particles of a body upon each other. It is 
 probable that something like corruption may taio 
 place even in the living body. 
 
CORSE 
 
 244 
 
 COSMETICS 
 
 CORSE, Corre. 
 
 CORSET, from (]F.) corps, 'the body.' Ste- 
 (hodesm'ium, Stethodesm'is, StetTiodeam'us, Tu'nica 
 Thoi-a'cis, Thorax, Pectora'le. An article of 
 drtss, which closely embraces the trunk, and is 
 much used by females in civilized countries. 
 When corsets or stays are worn very tight, many 
 gerious evils resultfrom the unnatural compression. 
 Ditierent bandages, more or less complicated, 
 which embrace the greater part of the trunk, are 
 likewise so called. 
 
 CORSET BE BRASDOR. The name of a 
 bandage invented by one Brasdor, to keep in situ 
 the fragments of a fractured clavicle. 
 CORTALON, Senecio. 
 
 C0RTEX,^P/(to!'o8, Phloos, Phlous, Lemma, 
 Bark, (F.) Ecorce. This word has often been 
 applied exclusively to Cinchona: thus, we say 
 Bark — the cortex or io.rk kut' t^ox,iv. It means, 
 also, any bark. 
 
 Cortex Adstbing"ens Brasilien'sis. An as- 
 tringent bark introduced from Brazil into Ger- 
 many in the year 1828. It is said to be obtained 
 from Mimosa coehleacarpa seu virgina'lis. It 
 has been used with advantage in all cases in 
 wiieh astringent barks in general are indicated. 
 Dose of the powder ^j to ^ss. 
 
 Cortex Alcomoco, Alcomoque — c. Anisi stel- 
 la^.i, see Ulicium anisatum — c. Antiscorbuticus, 
 Canella alba — c. Aromatious, Ca,nella alba — c. 
 Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium — c. CanellEe Ma- 
 labarieaj, Laurus cassia — c. Cardinalis del Lugo, 
 Cinchona — c. Caryophyllatus, see Myrtus carj'o- 
 phyllata — e. Caryophylloides, Laurus culilawan. 
 Cortex Cer'ebei. The C'or'tical, Ginerit"ioiis, 
 Vesic' ular or Gray substance of the Brain. The 
 gray jjortion observed at the exterior of the cere- 
 brum and cerebellum ; so called because it forms 
 a kind of bark to the medullary substance. Gall 
 considers, that this substance forms the nerves ; 
 and therefore calls it Substance matrice des Nerfs. 
 The name cortical is likewise given to the ex- 
 ternal substance of the kidneys, because it is of 
 a deej)er colour than the inner part of the organ, 
 and forms a kind of envelope to it. 
 
 Cortex Chacarill^, Croton Cascarilla — c. 
 Chinse, Cinchona — c. Chinse regius. Cinchona — 
 c. Crassior, Laurus cassia — c. Culilaban, see Lau- 
 rus Culilawan — c. Culilawan, Laurus Culilawan — 
 c. Eleutherise, Croton cascarilla — c. Flavus, Cin- 
 chona cordifolias cortex — c. Lavola, see Illicium 
 anisatum — c. Magellanicus, seeWinteraaromatica. 
 Cortex Ovi, Cortical membrane. This mem- 
 brane, so called by Boer and Granville, is usually 
 regarded as a uterine production, and designated 
 Becid'ua reflex'a. They consider it to surround 
 the ovule, when it descends into the uterus, and 
 to enclose the shaggy chorion. It is absorbed 
 during the first months of utero-gestation, so as 
 to expose the next membrane to the contact of 
 the decidua, with which a connexion takes place 
 at the part where the placenta is to be formed. 
 In that part, Boer and Granville consider, that 
 the Cortex Ovi is never altogether obliterated, 
 but only made thinner, and in process of time is 
 converted into a mere pellicle or envelope, which 
 not only serves to divide the filiform vessels of 
 the chorion into groups or cotyledons, in order 
 to form the placenta, but also covers those coty- 
 ledons. This Dr. Granville calls membra'na pro' - 
 pria. See Decidua membrana. 
 
 Cortex Pallidtjs, Cinchonse lancifolife cortex 
 --C. Patrum, Cinchona — c. Peruvianus, Cinchona 
 f.. Profluvii, Xerium antidysentericum — c. Ruber, 
 CinchonEB oblongifoliae cortex — c. Striata den- 
 tiam, Enamel of the teeth — c. Thuris, Croton 
 cascarilla — c. Winteranus, see Wintera aromati- 
 eum — c. Winteranus spurius, Canella alba. 
 
 COR'TICAL, Cortica'lis; from cortex, 'bark.' 
 Belonging to bark. 
 
 Cortical Matter of the Brain, Cortex Cere- 
 bri — c. Membrane, Cortex Ovi — c. Substance of 
 the Kidney, see Kidney — c. Substance of the 
 Teeth, see Tooth. 
 
 CORTUSA AMERICANA, Heuchera cortusa. 
 
 CORU. An Indian tree, the bark of whose 
 
 root furnishes a milky juice, which is cmxjloyed 
 
 in diarrhoea and dj'sentery. It is also called 
 
 Corn Canar'ica. 
 
 CORUSCATIO, Astrape. 
 
 CORVISARTIA HELENIUM, Inula hele- 
 nium. 
 
 CORYBAN'TIASM, Coryhantias'mus, Cory- 
 lantis'mus, from Kopv^ag, one of the Corybantes. 
 A name formerly given to a kind of pihrensy, in 
 which the sick were tormented by fantastic vi- 
 sions, and perpetual want of sleep. 
 
 CORYDALIS BULLOSA, Fumaria bulbosa— 
 c. Cava, Fumaria bulbosa — c. Tuberosa, Fumaria 
 bulbosa. 
 
 COR'TLUS AVELLA'NA, Bundnrh, Cor'ylns, 
 Avclla'na, The Hazel-nut Tree, (F.) Covdrier, 
 Noisetier ; Family, Amentacese ; Sex. Syst. Mo- 
 noscia Polyandria. The nut, — Filbert, (F.) Ave- 
 line ; Hazel-nut, (F.) Noisette, — of this tree, is 
 much eaten in many countries. Like all nuts, it 
 is by no means easy of digestion. It is the A'«x 
 avella'na, Kapvov IIwvtikov, of the ancients. 
 
 Cor'ylus Rostra'ta, Beaked Hazel. An in- 
 digenous shrub, A^at. Ord. Amentacese ; Sub-or- 
 der, Cupuliferse : Sex. Syst. Moncecia Polyandria ; 
 the nut of which is surrounded by a coriaceous 
 and scalj' involucre, terminating in a tube co- 
 vered with short and thick bristles. These bristles 
 have been given as an anthelmintic in the same 
 cases and doses as mucuna. 
 
 CORYMBETRA, Hedera helix. 
 CORYNE, Penis. 
 
 CORYPHE, Acme, Vertex — c. Cordis, see 
 Mucro. 
 
 CORY'ZA, Grave'do, Rhini'fis, Catastag'mos^ 
 Catastalag' mo8, Stillicid'ium Na'rium, Phlegma- 
 torrhay"ia,Blennorrhce'a7ia8a'Hs,Blennorrhin'ia, 
 Des' tillatio, Catar'rhus ad Nares, C. nasa'lis, 
 Rhinocatar'rhus, Angi'na nasa'lis: vulgarly, 'run. 
 ning at the nose,' 'a cold in the head:' in French, 
 Rhume de cerveau, Catarrhe nasal, Enchifrene~ 
 ment; in Old English, Pose or Mur j whence 
 Murren and Murrain; from xopvg, or Kapa, 'the 
 head,' and ^tu, ' I boil.' Inflammation, attended 
 with increased discharge, of the Schneiderian 
 membrane lining the nose, and the sinuses com- 
 municating with it. The affection generally sub- 
 sides without any medical treatment. 
 
 Chronic Coryza is termed, also, Osm'na he 
 nig'na. 
 
 CoRYZA ExTONicA, Ozosna — c. Maligna, Ozasna 
 — e. Ozaenosa, Ozasna — c. Purulenta, Ozaena — c. 
 Scarlatinosa, Rhinocace — c. Ulcerosa, Ozana — c 
 Virulenta, Ozana. 
 
 COSCINISMUS, Cribration. 
 COSCINOI, see Cribration. 
 COSMESIS, Cosmetics. 
 
 COSMET'ICS, Ars cosmet'ica, CalUpis'tria, 
 Cosme'sia, ( F. ) Cosm&ticjve, from koct/juv, ' to 
 adorn,' 'to embellish.' The art of improving 
 the beauty. Cosmetic, Stilho'ma, is, also, iised 
 for the different means employed for that pur- 
 pose ; as the compounds into which enter the 
 oxides of lead, bismuth, mercury, arsenic, <tc. 
 All these, however, injure the sWn, and often 
 give rise to unpleasant cutaneous aflections. Fre- 
 quent ablution with cold water and bathing are 
 the best cosmetics. Essences, soaps, and aU the 
 preparations intended for the toilet, fall, also, 
 under this head. 
 
C0S3IETIQUE 
 
 245 
 
 COSMETIQUE, Cosmetics. 
 COSMETOL'OGY, Co!smetolog"ia, from koitjxuv, 
 ' to adorn ;' and Xoyo;, ' a discourse.' A treatise 
 on the dress, and cleanliness of the body. 
 
 COSMOS, from Koaiiog, 'the world,' 'order,' &c. 
 The order which was supposed to preside over 
 critical days. Hippocrates and others have termed 
 Koaixoi, 'bracelets,' employed, not only as orna- 
 ments {koojiuv, 'to adorn,') but as therapeutical 
 agents. 
 
 COSSA, Haunch. 
 
 COSSUM. A malignant ulcer of the nose, often 
 of a sj'philitie character. — Paracelsus. 
 
 COSSUS, Cossis. A sort of white, short, thick 
 worm or larve, found in trees, logs of wood, <fee., 
 and used by the E,omaus as a great article of 
 gourmandise. They were, also, applied to ulcers. — 
 Pliny. The term has, likewise, been given to 
 small vermiform pimples on the face — Acne — 
 which arise from inflammation of the sebaceous 
 follicles. 
 
 COSTA, Pleura, Pleurum, Pleuro'ma. KEih, 
 from custodire, 'to guard,' 'defend:' (F.) Cote. 
 The ribs are 24 in number; — 12 on each side. 
 They are irregular, long, bony curves : slightly 
 flattened, and situate obliquely at the sides of the 
 chest. The intervals between them are called 
 Intercos'tal spaces, (F.) Espnces intereostaux, and 
 they are numbered _/!')-sf,seco?i(:Z, third, Ac, reckon- 
 ing from above to below. They have been dis- 
 tinguished into CostcB vercB, Pleurajwph'yses of 
 Owen, True ribs, (V.) Vraies Cotes, Cotes sternales, 
 Cotes vertebro-sternales (Ch.,) and into Costa spu'- 
 ricB, Mendo'sm Costcs, Notlim Costa, False ribs, 
 Cotes asternales (Ch.,), Fausses Cotes. The ti'ue 
 or sternal ribs, as they have also been called, are 
 the first 7 ; which are articulated at one extremity 
 to the spine, and at the other, by means of their 
 cartilages, hcemapophyses of Owen, to the ster- 
 num. The false ribs are the remaining 5 : the 
 uppermost three being united, by means of their 
 cartilages, to the cartilage of the last true rib. 
 The others are free at their external extremity, 
 and, hence, have been called Floating ribs. Cotes 
 jlottantes. The vertebral extremity of each rib 
 is slightly expanded. It is called the head of the 
 rib — Capit'ulum Costm : the space between this 
 and the tubercle is the collum or neck. Anterior 
 to the tubercle is the angle. The angle is the part 
 where the bone bends to form the lateral part of 
 the thorax. 
 
 COSTiE CAPITULUM, see Costa — c. Men- 
 dosas, see Costa — c. Spuria^, see Costa — c. Vera3, 
 see Costa. 
 
 COSTAL, Costa'lis, from eosta, 'a rib.' Apper- 
 taining or relating to a rib — as ' costal cartilage.' 
 
 COSTIVE, Constipated. 
 
 COSTIVENESS, Constipation. 
 
 COSTMART, Tanacetum balsamita. 
 
 COSTO-ABDCMINAL, Obliquus externus ab- 
 dominis — c. Basi-seapulaire, Serratus magnus — 
 c. Clnviculaire, Subclavian muscle. 
 
 COSTO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Costo-Clavicula'ris. 
 Belonging to the ribs and clavicle. 
 
 Costo-Clavic'ular Lis'ambnt, Cleidocostal 
 Ligameut, is a fibrous, flattened fascia, which ex- 
 tends, obliquely, from the cartilage of the first rib 
 to the inferior surface of the clavicle. 
 
 COSTO-CORACOiDlEN, Pectoralis minor 
 — c. Scapulaire, Serratus magnus. 
 
 COSTO-STERNAL, Costo- Sterna' lis. Relating 
 to the ribs and sternum. The articulation of the 
 sternum with the anterior extremity of the first 
 seven ribs. 
 
 COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS. Relating to the 
 ribs and to the trachelian or transverse processes 
 of the neck. Under the name Costo-trache'lian, 
 
 COTYLEDON 
 
 Chaussier designates the anterior and posterior 
 scaleni. 
 
 COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS. Reluting to 
 the ribs, and to the transverse processes. — Bichat 
 gave this name to the articulation of the tubero- 
 sities of the ribs with the transverse processes of 
 the spine. 
 
 COSTO-VER'TEBRAL, Costo-vertelra'Us. 
 Belonging to the ribs and vertebrae. — Bichat gave 
 this name to the articulation of the head of the 
 ribs with the vertebras, and to the ligaments con- 
 nected with it. 
 
 COSTO-XIPHOID, Costo-xipJiol'deus. The 
 name of a ligament, which unites the cartilage of 
 the seventh rib to the xiphoid or ensiform carti- 
 lage. 
 
 COSTUS. The ancients seem to have given 
 this name to several plants. One has borne the 
 appellation, since the time of Dioscorides, — the 
 Costus Arab'ieus, Costus In'dicus, C. specio'sus seu 
 ama'rus, dulcis, orienta'lis, Amo'mum hirsu'tum, 
 Helle'nia grandijlo'ra, Bank'sia specio'sa, Tsia'na, 
 (F.) Canne Congo, Canne de Riviere: Family, 
 Amomeae, Sex. Syst. Monandria Monogynia ; the 
 root of which is aromatic, and has been considered 
 tonic, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, &c. 
 The virtues of the ancient costus are highly ex- 
 tolled. — Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen. 
 
 CosttjS Amarus, &c., Costus — c. Arabicus, Cos- 
 tus — c. Corticosus, Canella alba — c. Hortorum, 
 Tanacetum balsamita — c. Hortorum minor, Achil- 
 lea ageratum — c. Indicus, Costus — c. Nigra, Cy- 
 nara scolymus — c. Speciosus, Costus. 
 
 COSTYLB, Cotyle. 
 
 COTA, Anthemis cotula. 
 
 COTARO'NIUM ; an obscure term, used by 
 Paracelsus for a universal solvent ; such a thing 
 as does not exist. 
 
 COTE, Costa. 
 
 CdTES, COL BES, Collum cost.irum— c. As- 
 ternales, see Costa — c. Fausses, see Costa — e. Flot- 
 tantes, see Costa — c. Sternales, see Costa — e. Ver- 
 tebrosternales, see Costa — c. Vraies, see Costa. 
 
 CO TIGNA C, (pron. cotinniac. ) A kind of con- 
 serve or preserve, prepared from quinces not en- 
 tirely ripe, and sugar. It is esteemed stomachic 
 and astringent. 
 
 CO TON, Gossypium. 
 
 COTONIA, Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 COTTON, Gossypium. 
 
 COTULA, Anthemis cotula — c. Fcetida, An- 
 themis cotula. 
 
 Cotula Multif'ida. A South African plant, 
 which is used by the Hottentots in rheumatism, 
 scalds and cutaneous diseases. 
 
 COTUN'NIUS, LIQUOR OF, Liq'uor Cotun'. 
 nil, L. of Cotug'no, Aquitla acus'tica, Aqua aiidi- 
 to'ria, Per'ilymph, (F.) Lymphe de Cotugno. A 
 transparent, slightly viscid fluid, which fills all 
 the cavities of the internal ear, and of which Co- 
 tugno made mention. It is also called Aqua La~ 
 byrinth'i. 
 
 COTURNIX, Tetrao coturnix. 
 
 COTTLE, Cot'yla, Cotyle' don, Cos'tyle , iho 
 same as Acetab'idum. A hollow cavity in a bone, 
 which receives the head of another bone : parti- 
 cularly 'the cotyloid cavity.' KorvXn signified a 
 drinking cup, and, indeed, any thing hollow, as 
 the hollow of the hand. — AthenESUs. 
 
 COTYLEDON, Cotyle — c. Marina, Umbilicus 
 marinus. 
 
 Cottle'don Orbicula'ta. a plant of South 
 Africa, Nat. Ord. CrassulaceEe. The fresh juice 
 is used in epilepsy ; and Dr. Pappe speaks well of 
 it. The leaves form a good anplicatiou to hard 
 corns. CroBs'ula arhores'cens has the fame pr > 
 perties. 
 
COT'YLOID 
 
 246 
 
 CO URGE 
 
 Cot tle'don Umbili'cus, C. U. Vene'Hs, Xavel- 
 tvort, Venus'a Navelwort, (P.) Nomhril de Venus. 
 A plant of the Family, Crassulacese, wbich grows 
 in Europe on old walls and rocks. The leaves 
 are emollient and applied externally to piles, 
 inflamed parts, &c. Internally, the juice has been 
 given in epilepsy. The flowers have been used 
 in calculous cases, and in dropsy. 
 
 Cotyle'dons, [KOTvhibtav, ' the hollow of a cup,') 
 Aeetab'ula uteri'na. The lobes which, by their 
 union, form the placenta. 
 
 COT'YLOID, OotijIoVdes, CotyloVdeus, Cotylo'- 
 des, from kotvXti, 'a drinking cup,' and £(5of, 'form.' 
 Resembling the ancient kotvX'i. The name of 
 a hemispherical cavity, situate in the os innomi- 
 natiim, which receives the head of the os femo- 
 ris ; — Fossa eotyloidea, Sinus Ooxcb, Acetab'idum, 
 Pyxis. 
 
 Cot'yloid Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum Cotylo'i- 
 dcum, (F.) Ligament cotylo'idien, is a very thick, 
 fibro-cartilaginous ring, surrounding the cotyloid 
 cavity, the depth of which it increases. 
 
 GOU, Collum — c. dii Pied, Instep — c. Gros, 
 Bronchocele. 
 
 COUCH GRASS, Triticum repens. 
 
 COUCHE, Couches, (F.), from coucher, 'to lie 
 down.' This word is used, 1. For parturition, 
 accouchement or delivery (puerpe'rium, parturi"- 
 tio j) hence, une couche heureuse, 'a, happy deli- 
 very;' unefausse couche, 'a premature delivery:' 
 and, 2. For the time during which a female re- 
 mains in bed on account of delivery, — Teminis 
 puerjye'rii, the child-bed state. The Lochia have 
 been termed Suites de couches. Couche also means 
 a layer, bed or thalamus, as, 
 
 Couche Celluleuse, Membrana granulosa. 
 
 COUCHER, Decubitus. 
 
 COUCHES PES NERFS ETHMOiPAUX, 
 Corpora striata — c. des Nerfs oculaires, Thalami 
 nervorum opticorum — c. des Nerfs optiques, Tha- 
 lami nervorum opticorum — c. Optiques, Thalami 
 nervorum opticorum. 
 
 COUCHING, see Cataract. 
 
 COUCINFA COCCINEA, Cacoucia coccinea. 
 
 COUPE, Elbow. 
 
 COUPE-PIEP, Instep. 
 
 COUPEE, Cubitus. 
 
 COUPRIER, Corylus avellana. 
 
 COUENNE, (P.), Cutis suil'la. A term given 
 to various parts of the human skin, which are 
 prominent, hard, brownish, and often covered with 
 rough hairs, so as to form patches not very unlike 
 the skin of the hog. It is a malformation, occtirring 
 during intra-uterine existence, and remaining for 
 life. See also, Najvus, and Corium phlogisticum. 
 
 COUENNE INFLAMMATOIRE, Corium 
 phlogisticum — c. Pleuretique, Corium phlogisti- 
 cum. 
 
 COUGH, Tussis — c. Bronchial, C. tubal — c. 
 Root, Trillium latifolium. 
 
 Cough, Tubal, Bron'chial cough, Tussis hron'- 
 cliica, (P.) Toux tubaire, T. bronchique. Cough 
 is so termed, when the succussion communicated 
 Ity it to the parietes of the chest is very energetic, 
 and a sensation is experienced by the ear as if a 
 column of air was traversing with much noise, 
 strength, and rapidity, tubes with solid walls. 
 
 Cough, Winter, Bronchitis, (chronic.) 
 
 COUGHING, Tussis. 
 
 COULER, To strain. 
 
 COULEUVREj Coluber berus. 
 
 COULEUVREE, Bryonia alba. 
 
 COULISSE, (P.) 'A groove, a gutter.' Ana- 
 tomists designate, by this name, every deep groove 
 or channel in a bone, in which a tendon plays; — 
 *uch as the Coulisse Bicipitale or Bicipital Groove 
 ot the Humerus. 
 
 COULISSE BICIPITALE, Bicipital groove— 
 
 c. Humeralc, Bicipital groove. 
 
 COULOIR, Colatorium. 
 
 COUM, Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 COUN'TENANCE, Vultus, Vultus, Visage, (F.) 
 Figure, Visage: from cum, 'with,' and teneo, 'I 
 hold.' The form of the face. The system of the 
 
 COUNTER-EXTEN'SION, Contra -exten'sio, 
 Antit'asis, (P.) Contre-extension, from confra-ex- 
 tendere, ' to extend in a contrary direction.' It 
 consists in retaining firmly and immovably the 
 upper part of a limb, whilst extension is practised 
 on the lower, in eases of fracture or luxation. 
 
 C0\]'NTEB.-mi>lGA'T10J!i, Contra-indica'tio, 
 Antendeix'is, Antendix'is, Antideixia. An indi- 
 cation contrary to another. (P.) Contre-indica- 
 tion. Any circumstance, which acts as an obstacle 
 to the employment of such therapeutical means as 
 seem to be indicated by other circumstances. 
 
 COUNTER-IRRITANT, see Counter -irrita- 
 tion — c. Granville's, (Lotion,) Granville's Coun- 
 ter-irritant. 
 
 COUNTER-IRRITA'TION, Contra-irrita'tio. 
 An irritation, excited in a part of the body, with 
 the view of relieving one existing in another part. 
 The remedies used for this purpose are called 
 Counter-irritants, and form a most valuable class 
 of remedial agents. See Derivation. 
 
 COUNTERSTROKE, Contrafissura. 
 
 COUNTING, METHOD OP, Method, numeri- 
 cal. 
 
 COUP, Blow — e. de Feu, Wound, ganshot. 
 
 COUP PE IIAITRE ou TOUR PE MAt- 
 TRE, (P.) A masterly stroke or performance. 
 Applied to a mode of introducing the sound or 
 catheter into the bladder, which consists in first 
 passing it with its convexity towards the abdomen 
 of the patient, and giving it a half turn towards 
 the right groin, when its extremity has reached 
 the root of the penis under the symphysis pubis. 
 There is no advantage in this mode of introduction. 
 
 COUP PE SANG, (F.) A common term, used 
 by some physicians in France, to designate the 
 loss of sensation and motion, which results from 
 hemorrhage in the brain, or from simple conges- 
 tion in the vessels of that organ. See Apoplexy. 
 Some authors have comprehended, under the same 
 denomination, different hemorrhages, which occur 
 in the areolar texture of the face, lungs, skin, <fce. 
 
 COUP PE SOLEIL, (P.) Siri'asis, Sciri'asis, 
 Siriasis jEgyptiaca, Ictus aolia, Ictv.a aola'ris, In- 
 sola'tio, Encej}hali'tis insolatio'nis, Phreni'tis ca- 
 lentu'ra, Stroke of the sun, Egyptian Starstroke 
 or Sunstroke. Any affection produced by the ac- 
 tion of the sun on some region of the body ; — head, 
 hands, arms, &c. A verj' common effect of ex- 
 posing the naked head to the sun is inflammation 
 of the brain or its meninges, which Sauvages calls 
 Cams ab hisolatio'ne, Morbus solatitia'lis. 
 
 COUPE-BRIDE, Kiotome. 
 
 COUPEROSE, Gutta rosea. 
 
 COUPURE, Cut, Wound (incised.) 
 
 CO UR ANTE, Diarrhoea. 
 
 COURAP. A distemper, very common in In- 
 dia, in which there is a perpetual itching of the 
 surface, and eruption. It is of an herpetic cha- 
 racter, and appears chiefly on the axilla, groins, 
 breast, and face. 
 
 COURBARIL, see Anime. 
 
 COURBATURE, (P.) Acer'ba lassitn'do, Vic 
 lent lassitude, Fatigue. An indisposition, charac- 
 terized by a sensation, as if the limbs were bruised,' 
 general feeling of debility, extreme lassitude ; 
 and, sometimes, slight fever. It appears imme- 
 diately after severe exercise, but sometimes not 
 till the next day. Rest removes it. 
 
 COURBURE. Curvature. 
 
 COURGE, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
COURMI 
 
 247 
 
 CRAB 
 
 COURMI or CURMI, Kovp^i, Kvpin A fer- 
 mented liquor, made from, barley. A kind of ale 
 or beer. — Dioscorides. 
 
 COURO-MOELLI. An Indian tree, the bark 
 of whicli is said to be anti-venomous. 
 
 COUROjST'DI, Couron'do. An evergreen tree 
 of India, the juice of which, mixed with warm 
 whey, is said to cure dysentery. — Ray. 
 
 OOUEONNE CILIAIRE, Godroiine eanal — 
 c. du Dent, Crown of a tooth — c. du Gland, Crown 
 of the glans — c. du Trepan, Crown of the trepan 
 — c. de Venus, Crown of Venus. 
 
 CO UR ONNE RA YONNANTE (F. ) A term 
 given by Reil to the fan-shaped terminations of 
 the crura cerebri in the bi'ain. 
 
 CO URONNEMENT (F.), Coro'na. A vulgar 
 expression, sometimes used to designate the cir- 
 cular ring, which the os uteri forms around the 
 head of the child at a certain period of accouche- 
 ment : — the head seeming to be surrounded, as it 
 were, by a crown. The head is then said to be 
 au couronnement. 
 
 COURS BE VENTRE, Diarrhoea. 
 
 CO URSE, Running. 
 
 COURSES, Menses. 
 
 COURT, Short. 
 
 COURTE HALEINE, Dyspnoea. 
 
 COUSIN, Culex. 
 
 COU.SSINET, Pad. 
 
 CO UTEA U, Knife — e.oi Amputation, Knife, 
 amputation — c. a, Cataracte, Knife, cataract — c. 
 Courhe, Knife, crooked — c. d Crochet, Knife, 
 crotchet — e. Desartictdateur, Knife, double-edged 
 — c. Droit, Knife, amputation — c. de Feu, Cultel- 
 laire — c. Interoaseux, Knife, double-edged — c. 
 Lenticularre, Knife, lenticular — c. Lithotome — 
 Knife, lithotomy — c. era Serpette, Knife en ser- 
 pettp. — c. Sj/niphi/sien, see Symphyseotomy — c. d 
 Deux trancJiana, Knife, double-edged. 
 
 COUTOU'BEA ALBA, Ex'acum spica'tum, 
 Pi'crium spica'tum. A plant of Guiana, which 
 is very bitter, and is considered, in the country, 
 to be emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and antidys- 
 peptie. 
 
 COUTURE S PAR LA PETITE VEROLE, 
 see Cicatrix. 
 
 COUTURIER, Sartorius. 
 
 COUVERCLE, see Crucible. 
 
 GOUVRECHEF (F.), CucuVhts, Fascia' tio 
 cueidla'ta,Scepaster'ium,Scepas'trum. A bandage, 
 applied to the head for retaining certain dress- 
 ings, &c. in situ. The French surgeons distin- 
 guish two kinds. 1. The Grand Couvrechef ou 
 Servette en carre (Cucid'lus major,) which is 
 formed of a napkin or large square compress : 
 and, 2. The Petit Couvrechef ou Mouehoir en tri- 
 angle {Cueul'lus minor,) formed of a napkin or 
 other square compress, folded from one angle to 
 the other diagonally opposite to it. 
 
 COUVRECHEF, see Bandage, Galen's. 
 
 COVE, CLIMATE OF. On the northern side 
 of Cork Harbour, in Ireland, is the Island of 
 Cove. The town of Cove is on the southern ac- 
 clivity of a hill running from east to west. It is, 
 consequently, sheltered from the north winds, 
 and receives the full force of the sun. It is one 
 of the mildest climates in Great Britain, and cor- 
 responds in its influence on disease with the 
 south-west of England. It is well adapted as a 
 winter retreat for the phthisical. 
 
 COVOLAM, Cratm'va Marmelos. The bark of 
 this tree is tonic : the unripe fruit is astringent : 
 but, when ripe, is delicious. 
 
 COWBANE, Cicuta aquatica. 
 
 COWBERRY, Vaccinium vitis idasa. 
 
 COWHAGE, Dolichos pruriens. 
 
 COWITCH. Dolichos pruriens. 
 
 COWPARSNEP, Heracleum lanatum. 
 
 COWPER'S GLANDS, Ac'ccssory glands, (P.) 
 Glandes accessoires, G. de Cowper, Prostates infe- 
 rieures ou Petites prostates. Two small ovoid 
 groups of mucous, reddish follicles, situate behind 
 the bulb of the urethra, before the prostate, the 
 excretory ducts of which open into the bulbous 
 portion of the urethra. They are also called 
 Glan'didcB antepros'tata, and G. pros'tatcB infe- 
 rio'res. 
 
 Cowpek's Glands m the Female, Glands of 
 Daverney, Glands of Bartholinns, Pros'tata mu- 
 lie'bris seu Bartholi'ni, are situate at each side 
 of the entrance of the vagina, beneath the skin 
 covering the posterior or inferior part of the labia. 
 They are rounded, but elongated, fiat, and bean- 
 shaped; their long diameter varying from five to 
 ten lines; their transverse, from two and a half 
 to four and a quarter; and their thickness from 
 two and a quarter to three lines. Like Cowper's 
 glands in the male, they are not invariably pre- 
 sent. The secretion from them is a thick, tena- 
 cious, grayish-white fluid, which is emitted in 
 great quantity during sexual intercourse ; and is 
 probably the fluid, supposed, of old, to be the fe- 
 male sperm. 
 
 COWPOX, Vaccina — e. Inoculation, Vaccina- 
 tion — c. Itch, see Itch, cowpox — c. Vesicle, see 
 Vaccination. 
 
 COWRAP, Impetigo. 
 
 COWSLIP, Primula reris — c. Jerusalem, Pul- 
 monaria. 
 
 COWWEED, Ch^rophyllum sylvestre. 
 
 COXA, Haunch. 
 
 COXiELUVIUM, Bath, hip. 
 
 COX AGRA, Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea. 
 
 COXAL'GIA, Merocoxal'gia, Osphyal'gia, Os- 
 phycdge'ma. A word of hybrid origin, from coxa, 
 ' hip,' and aXyo?, 'pain.' Pain in the hip. A sign 
 of rheumatic or other inflammation — Coxi'tis, or 
 of some disease about the hip-joint. See Neu- 
 ralgia femoro-poplitffia, and Coxarum morbus. 
 
 COXARTHRITIS, Coxitis. 
 
 COXARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus. 
 
 COXA'RUM MORBUS, Coxen'rficus seu Coxa'- 
 rius morbus, Arthroc'ace coxa'riim, Coxarthroc'- 
 ace, Ospihy arthroc'ace, Coxal'gia (of some). Hip 
 disease. A scrofulous caries, and often sponta- 
 neous luxation of the head of the os femoris, oc- 
 casioning permanent shortening of the limb, and 
 not unfrequently hectic and death. 
 
 COXEN'DIX, Haunch. This word has been 
 used synonymously with ischium; and anato- 
 mists have also applied it to the ilia, Ossa 
 Coxen'dicis. 
 
 COXI'TIS, Coxarthri'tis, a hybrid term, from 
 Coxa, ' the hip,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the hip-joint. 
 
 COXO-FEM'ORAL, Coxo-femora'lis. Belong- 
 ing to the coxal bone or ileum, and to the os fe- 
 moris. Ilio-femoral has the same signification. 
 
 Coxo-Fem'oral Articdla'tion, Wio-Femoral 
 A., (F.) Articulation de la Hanche, the Hij) joint. 
 The head of the femur and the articular cavity are 
 covered by a diarthrodial cartilage and synovial 
 capside; and by a very strong capsular or artic- 
 vlar ligament attached to the circumference of 
 the cotyloid cavity, and to the neck of the femur. 
 There is, also, a round or interarticidar ligament, 
 passing from the inferior notch of the cotyloid 
 cavity to the rough depression at the top of the 
 caput femoris; and a cotyloid ligament, — a sort 
 of thick, cartilaginous ring, situate on the edge 
 of the cotyloid cavity, and converting the infe- 
 rior notch into a foramen. These are the great 
 means of union in this extensive articulation. 
 
 CRAB, As'tacus fuviat'ilis. Cancer, Gam'ma~ 
 rus, Gam'harus, Cam'marus, (F.) Crabbe, Ecre' 
 visas, Eserevice. A shell-fish much used a.o an 
 
CRABE 
 
 248 
 
 CRAIsIOLOGY 
 
 article of diet. Like other shell-fish it is apt to 
 disagree, and excite urticaria, &c. 
 
 CRABE, Crabyaws. 
 
 CRABLOUSE: a species of Pedic'ulus, P. 
 Pubis, which infests the pudendum and axilla. 
 (F.) 3Torpion. It is easily destroyed by the 
 white precipitate of meiteury, or by mercurial 
 ointment. 
 
 CRABS' EYES, Cancrorum chelae— c. Stones, 
 Canororum chelae. 
 
 CRABYAWS, (F.) Crale. A name in the 
 West Indies for a kind of ulcer on the soles of 
 the feet, with edges so hard, that they are diffi- 
 cult to cut. 
 
 OR AC HAT, Sputum. 
 
 CRACHE3[ENT, Excreation— c. de Pus, Vo- 
 mica, Phthisis pulmonalis — c. de Sang, Hemop- 
 tysis. 
 
 CRAOHOTEMENT (F.), from cracher, 'to 
 spit.' The frequent spitting of a small quantity 
 of saliva. 
 
 CRACKLING OF LEATHER, see Craque- 
 nient de ciiir. 
 
 CRACOW GROATS, Semolina. 
 
 CRADLE, Sax. cna6el, Ar' cuius, Solen, (F.) 
 Areenu ou Archet. A semicircle of thin wood, 
 or strips of wood, used for preventing the contact 
 of the bed-clothes in wounds, fractures, &c. An 
 ordinance of the Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade 
 mothers and nurses to sleep with a child near 
 them, unless it was placed under a solid cradle 
 of this kind, in order that no accident might 
 arise from overlaying. 
 
 CRiE'PALE, from Kpat-aXri, Crap' via, 'drunk- 
 enness, surfeit.' A derangement of the functions 
 of the brain, &c., produced by wine or any other 
 fermented liquor. — Galen. 
 
 CRAIE, Creta. 
 
 CRAMA, Koajxa, from Ktgaw, ' I mix.' A mix- 
 ture of any kind. Dilute wine. 
 
 CRAM BE, Cabbage. 
 
 CR AM'BION, from Kf^apil^r,, ' cabbage.' A de- 
 coction of cabbage. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CE,AMP, from (G.) krampfen, 'to contract.' 
 Crampus, Enta'sia systrem'ma, Tet'anus dolorif- 
 icus, 3hjospas'rmts, Spasmus muscula'ris, 3fi/al'- 
 qia, Rhege, Rhegma, Rhegraus. A sudden, invo- 
 luntary, and highly painful contraction of a 
 muscle or muscles. It is most frequently expe- 
 rienced in the lower extremities, and is a common 
 symptom of certain affections: — as of Colica Pic- 
 tonum and Cholera Iforbus. Friction and com- 
 pression of the limb, by means of a ligature 
 applied round it above the muscles affected, will 
 usually remove the spasm. 
 
 Cramp, ScRiVE>nsRs', Cramp, Writers'. 
 
 Cramp of the Stomach, (F.) Crampe de I'Es- 
 
 tomac. A sudden, violent, and most painful affec- 
 tion of the stomach, with sense of constriction in 
 the epigastrium. It seems to be the eilect of the 
 spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of the 
 stomach, and requires the use of the most powerful 
 stimulants and antispasmodics, of which opium 
 is the best. 
 
 Cramp, Writers', Graphospasm' tts, Mogi- 
 graph'ia, (F.) Crampe des Ecrivains, Scriv'eners' 
 Cramp, Stam'mering of the Fingers. A condition 
 of the fingers, in which they are unable to hold 
 the pen, or in which one or more of the muscles of 
 the fingers are in-egularly and irresistibly con- 
 tracted. 
 CRAMPE DES ECRIVAINS, Cramp,Writers'. 
 CRA3IPE BE L'ESTOMAO, Cramp of the 
 stomach. 
 
 CRAN DE BRETAGNE, Cochlearia armo- 
 racia. 
 
 CRANBERRY, Vaccinium osycoccos — c. 
 American, Common, see Vaccinium oxycoccos — 
 c. Upland, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 CRANE, Cranium — c. Humain, Cranium hii- 
 manum. 
 
 CRANE'S BILL, Geranium— c. Spotted, Ge- 
 ranium maculatnm — e. Stinking, Geranium Ro- 
 bertianum. 
 
 CRANIO CELE, Eneephalocele. 
 
 CRANIOHiEMATONCUS, Cephala3matoma. 
 
 CRANIOL'OGY, Cranios'copy, Craniolog"ia, 
 PhrenoVogy, Cranioseop'ia, C. Gallia'na, Ence- 
 phaloscop'ia, Doctri'na Gallia'na. Words, intro- 
 duced, since Gall, into medical language. The 
 first two terms are respectively derived from 
 Kpaviov, 'cranium,' \oyog, 'a discourse,' and okoituv, 
 'to examine.' They signify a description, or 
 simply an examination of the different parts of 
 the external surface of the cranium, in order to 
 deduce from thence a knowledge of the different 
 intellectual, and moral dispositions. Strictly 
 speaking, it is by Cranioscopy that we acquire a 
 knowledge of Craniology, Organology or Cran- 
 ology, as it has been variously termed. These 
 words are generally, however, used in the same 
 sense. The cranium being moulded to the brain, 
 there are as many prominences on the bone, as 
 there are projections at the surface of the brain. 
 According to Gall, each projection, which he calls 
 an organ, is the seat of a particular intellectual 
 or moral faculty, and all persons endowed with 
 the same faculty, have, at the same part of the 
 brain, a prominence, which is indicated, exter- 
 nally, by a bump or projection in the bony case. 
 The System of Gall is made to comprise 27 pro- 
 minences, which answer to 27 faculties. The fol- 
 lowing Table exhibits these supposed organs, and 
 their seat. 
 
 Cerebral Organs and their Seat, accordixg to Gall. 
 
 1. Instinct of generation, of reproduction ; ama- 
 tiveness ; instinct of propagation j- venereal 
 instinct. 
 
 {German.) Z eu gun gs tri eb , Fortpflan- 
 zungstrieb, Geschlechtstrieb. 
 
 2. Love of progeny ; philoprogenitiveness. 
 (G.) Jungenliebe, Kinderliebe. 
 
 3. Aftnchment, friendship. 
 (G.) Freundschaftsinn. 
 
 /.. Instinct of defending self and property ; love 
 of strife and combat; comhativeness ; courage. 
 (G.) Muth, Raufsinn, Zanksinn. 
 
 6. Carnivorous instinct ; inclination to murder ; 
 
 (h-Mructireness ; cruelty. 
 ((/.) Wurgsinn, Mordsinn. 
 
 Seated in the cerebellum. It Is manifested at the 
 surface of the cranium by two round protube- 
 rances, one on each side of the nape of the 
 neck. 
 
 Indicated at the external occipital protuberance. 
 
 About the middle of the posterior margin of the 
 parietal bone, antenor to the last. 
 
 Seated a little above the ears, in front of the last, 
 and towards the mastoid angle of the parietal 
 bone. 
 
 Greatly developed in all the carnivorous animals; 
 forms a prominence at the posterior and supe- 
 rior iinrt of the squamous surface ot the tem- 
 poral bone, above the mastoid process. 
 
CRANIOLOGY 
 
 249 
 
 CRAXIOLOGY 
 
 6. Cunning ; finesse ; address; secret iveness. 
 {G.) List, Schlauheit, Klugheit. 
 
 7. Desire of property ; provident instinct; cupi- 
 dity ; inclination to robbery ; acquisitiveness. 
 
 (G.) E ig e n th um s s in n, Hang zu stelil- 
 en, E insammlungssinn, Diebsinn. 
 
 8. Pride; haughtiness; love of authority ; ele- 
 vation. 
 
 ((?.) Stolz, Hoclimutli, Hohensinn; 
 Ilerrschsucht. 
 
 9. Vanity; ambition; love of glory. 
 
 (G.) Eitelkeit, Ruhmsucht, Ehrgeiz. 
 
 10. Circumspection ; foresight. 
 
 {G.) B ehutsainkeit, Vorsicht, Vor- 
 sichtigheit. 
 
 11. Memoi-y of things; memory of facts ; sense 
 of things; educability; perfectibility; docility. 
 
 (G.) Sachedaclitniss, Erziehungs- 
 fahigkeit, Sachsinn. 
 
 12. Sense of locality ; sense of the relation of 
 sjyace ; memory of places. 
 
 {G.) Ortsinn, E.aunisinn. 
 
 1.3. Memory of persons ; sense of persons. 
 {G.) Personensinn. 
 
 14. Sense of words ; sense of names ; verbal me- 
 mory. 
 
 ((?.) Wor dgedachtnis s, Namensinn. 
 
 15. Sense of spoken language ; talent of pihilo- 
 logy ; study of languages. 
 
 (G.) Spr achf ors chungss in n, "W o r t - 
 sinn, Sprachsinn. 
 
 16. Sense of the relations of colour; talent of 
 painting. 
 
 (G.) Farbensinn. 
 
 17. Sense of the relations of tones ; musical ta- 
 lent. 
 
 (G.) Ton sinn. 
 
 IS. Sense of the relations of numbers ; mathema- 
 tics. 
 (G.) Zahlensinn. 
 
 19. Sense of mechanics ; sense of construction ; 
 talent of architecture ; industry. 
 
 {G.) Kunstsinn, Bausinn. 
 
 20. Comparative sagacity. 
 
 (G.) Vergleichender Scharfsinn. 
 
 21. 3Ietaphysical penetration ; depth of mind. 
 ((7.) Metaphy sis ch er Tiefsinn. 
 
 22. Wit. 
 (<?.) AVitz. 
 
 23. Poetical talent. 
 (G.) Dichtergeist. 
 
 24. Goodness ; benevolence ; mildness ; compas- 
 sion ; sensibility ; moral sense ; conscience ; 
 bonhomrnie. 
 
 ((?.) GutmUthigkeit, Mitleiden, mo- 
 ralischer Sinn, Gewissen. 
 
 25. Imitation ; mimicry. 
 
 (G.) Nacbahmungssinn. 
 
 26. God and religion; theosojjhy. 
 (a'.) Theosopbiscbes Sinn. 
 
 27. Firmness; constancy ; perseverance ; obsti- 
 nacy. 
 
 (G.) Stetigkeit, Festersinn. 
 
 The first nineteen of tbese, according to Gall, 
 are common to man and animals ; the remaining 
 eight, man possesses exclusively. They are, con- 
 BOquently, the attributes of humanity. 
 
 Organs according to Spttrzheim. 
 1. Amativeness. — 2. Pbiloprogenitiveness. — 
 3. Inhabitiveness. — 4, Adhesiveness or Attach- 
 ment. — 5. Combativeness. — 6. Destructiveness. — 
 
 Above the meatus auditorins externus, upon th« 
 sphenoidal angle of the j)arietal bone. 
 
 Anterior to that of cunning, of which it seems to 
 be a prolongation, and above that of mechanics, 
 with which it contributes to widen the cranium, 
 by the projection which they form at the side 
 of the frontal bone. 
 
 Behind the top of the head, at the extremity of 
 the sagittal suture, and on the parietal bone. 
 
 Situate at the side of the last, near the posterior 
 internal angle of the parietal bone. 
 
 Corresponds to the parietal protuberance. 
 
 Situate at the root of the nose, between the two 
 eyebrows, and a little above them; 
 
 Answers to the frontal sinus, and is indicated ex- 
 ternally by two prominences at the inner edge 
 of the ej'ebrows, near the root of the nose, and 
 outside of the organ of memory of things. 
 
 At the inner angle of the orbit. 
 
 Situate at the posterior part of the base of tho 
 two anterior lobes of the brain, on the frontal 
 part of the bottom of the orbit, so as to make 
 the eye prominent. 
 
 Also at the top of the orbit, between the preced- 
 ing and that of the knowledge of colour. 
 
 The middle part of the eyebrows, encroaching a 
 little on the forehead. 
 
 A little above and to one side of the last ; above 
 the outer third of the orbitar arch. 
 
 On the outside of the organ of the sense of thf> 
 relation of colour, and below the last. 
 
 A round protuberance at the lateral base of the 
 frontal bone, towards the temple, and behind 
 the organs of music and numbers. 
 
 At the middle and anterior part of the frontaJ 
 bone, above that of the memory of things. 
 
 In part confounded with the preceding. Indi- 
 cated at the outer side of the last by a protu- 
 berance, which gives to the forehead a peculiar 
 hemispherical shape. 
 
 At the lateral and outer part of the last; and giv- 
 ing greater width to the frontal prominence. 
 
 On the outer side of the last; divided into twc 
 halves by the coronal suture. 
 
 Indicated by an oblong prominence above tho 
 organ of comparative sagacity ; almost at tho 
 frontal suture. 
 
 At the outer side of the last. 
 
 At the top of the frontal bone and at the superior 
 angles of the parietal bone. 
 
 The top of the head; at the anterior and most 
 elevated part of the parietal bone. 
 
 7. Constructiveness. — 8. Acquisitiveness. — 9. Se- 
 cretiveness. — 10. Self-esteem. — 11. Love of Ap- 
 probation. — 12. Caixtiousness. — 13. Benevolence. 
 — 14. Veneration. — 15. Firmness. — 16. Conscien-- 
 tiousness or Justice. — 17. Hope. — 18. Marvel- 
 lousness. — 19. Wit. — 20. Ideality. — 21. Imitation. 
 —22. Individuality.— 23. Form.— 24. Size.— 25. 
 Weight and Resistance. — 26. Colour.— 27. Loca- 
 lity.— 28. Numeration.— 29. Order.— 30. Evento- 
 
CRANIOMETRY 
 
 250 
 
 CREASOTE 
 
 ality. — 31. Time. — 32. Melody or Tune. — 33. 
 
 Language. — 34. Comparison. — 35. Causality. 
 
 A fundamental principle with the Craniolo- 
 gints or Phrenologists is, — that the brain does not 
 aec as a single organ, but that it consists of a 
 plurality of organs : but, were we able to admit 
 this, the assignment of the seat of different facul- 
 ties could not but be considered premature. 
 
 CEANIOM'ETRY, Graniomet'ria ; from Kpa- 
 viuv, 'the cranium,' audi, ficrpov, 'measure.' Mea- 
 surement of the skull. 
 
 CRANIOPATHI'A; from Kpavwv, 'the cra- 
 nium,' and nados, ' disease.' Disease of the cra- 
 nium. 
 
 CRANIOSCOPY, Craniology. 
 
 CRANIO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal. 
 
 CRANIO'TABES; from cranium, 'the skull,' 
 and tabes, 'wasting.' A softening of the bones 
 of the cranium, and a consequent thinness of those 
 bones, — as the occiput, (so/< occ/^!(f,) — which are 
 much exposed to pressure. It is a variety of 
 rickets. — Elsasser. 
 
 CRANIOT'OMY, Craniotom'ia ; from Kpaviov, 
 'the cranium,' and rojiri, 'incision.' The opera- 
 tion of opening the head in parturition. 
 
 Craniotomy Forceps. An instrument, resem- 
 bling the lithotomy forceps, for laying hold of 
 and breaking down the bones of the head, in par- 
 turition. 
 
 CRANIUM, Cra'nion, Cranum, Calvr/,'ria, Sea'- 
 pJiion, ConchtM, Calva, OUa cnp'itis, Theca, cer'- 
 ehri. Brain-pan, the skull; from Kgavog, 'a hel- 
 met,' or from Kpavov, 'head.' (F.) Crane. The 
 collection of bones which form the case for lodg- 
 ing the brain and its membranes, as well as their 
 vessels, and some of the nerves. Thei?e bones 
 are eight in number — the frontal, occipital, two 
 parietal, two temporal, the sphenoid, and ethmoid. 
 Besides these, there might be considered, as be- 
 longing to the cranium, the cornua sphenoidalia, 
 the bones of the ear, and the ossa Wcirmiana. 
 Dr. Prichard has characterized the primitive 
 forms of the skull according to the width of the 
 Bregma, or space between the parietal bones : 1. 
 The Stenohregmate, {arcvog, 'narrow,') or Ethio- 
 pian variety. 2. The Mesobregmate, {jjcaog, 'mid- 
 dle,') or Caucasian variety; and 3. The Platy- 
 hregmate, {TrXarvg, 'broad,') or Mongolian variety. 
 
 Cranium Hijma'num, Human Cra'nium, (F.) 
 Crane hnmaiii. This was anciently much used 
 in prescriptions, and was considered anti-epilep- 
 tic, alexipharmic, antiloimic, &e. 
 
 CPuANOMANCY, Cranomanti'a, from Koavov, 
 'the head,' and fxavTcia, 'divination.' (F.) Cra- 
 nomancie. The art of divining — from the inspec- 
 tion of the head or cranium — the moral disposi- 
 tions and inclinations of individuals. 
 
 CRANSON, Cochlearia ofBcinalis. 
 
 CRANSSAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Cranssac is a village in the department of Avey- 
 ron, six leagues from Rhodez, which possesses 
 acidulous chalybeate springs, that have been 
 known for a long time. 
 
 CRANTER, from Kpaivuv, 'to finish,' 'render 
 perfect.' The Dens Sapien'tia has been so called. 
 
 CRANUM, Cranium. 
 
 CRAPULA, Cr^iepale. 
 
 CRAQUEMEiVT BE CUIR, (F.) 'Crackling 
 of leather.' A sound like the crackling of new 
 leather, sometimes heard on examining the heart 
 with the stethoscope. It has been supposed to 
 be symptomatic of pericarditis. 
 
 CRAQUEMENT PULMONAIRE, (F.) 'Pul- 
 monary crackling.' This bruit or sound consists 
 in a succession of smaii cracklings, heard during 
 inspiration, and almost always at the top of the 
 lung. It is heard at the commencement of phthrsis. 
 
 CRASIS; from Kipavwiii, 'I mix.' A mixture 
 et' the co»-3tituent3 of a fluid; as the c/aaia of the 
 
 blood, humours, &c. The word has also been 
 employed in a more extensive signification, as 
 sj'nonymous with Constitution, Temperament, <fec 
 
 CRASPEDON, Staphyloedema. 
 
 CRASSAMEN'TUM, from crassua, 'thick.' 
 The thick part or deposit of any fluid. It is par- 
 ticularly applied to the clot of the blood. 
 
 Crassamentum Sanguinis, see Blood. 
 
 CRASSE, (F.) Dirt or impurity. A sort of 
 layer or endait, which covers the skin, where 
 cleanliness is not attended to; and which is 
 sometimes the result of the cutaneous exhala- 
 tion ; at others, of extraneous matter adhering to 
 the surface of the body. 
 
 CRASSE'NA. A term by which Paracelsus 
 designated the saline, putrescent, and corrosive 
 principles, which, he thought, gave rise to ulcers 
 and tumours of different kinds. 
 
 CRASSULA, Sedum telephium — c. Arbores- 
 cens, see Cotyledon orbiealata — c. Portulacacea, 
 c. Tetragona. 
 
 Cras'sdla Tetrago'na. A South African 
 succulent plant, which is somewhat astringent. 
 Boiled in milk it is used in diarrhoea. Crassula 
 portulaca' cea is said to be used in similar cases. 
 
 CRASSUS, Corpulent. 
 
 CRAT^'GUS A'RIA, from Kparog, ' strength,' 
 owing to the hardness of the wood. Jlea'pilua, 
 3[. A'ria, Aria seu Sorbus, S. Aria seu Alpi'na, 
 White Bean Tree, (F.) Alisier blanc, Alouche, 
 Alouchier. The fruit, which is of the size of a 
 small pear, is slightly astringent, and somewhat 
 agreeable to the taste. It has been employed in 
 diarrhoea. 
 
 CRAT^^VA MARMELOS, Covolam. 
 
 CRATERAU'CHEN, from Kpanpos, 'strong,' 
 and avxi'') 'neck.' One with a strong neck: as 
 well as a strong neck itself. 
 
 CRATEV^SIUM, Sisymbrium nasturtium. 
 
 CRATOS, Force. 
 
 CRAUTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Craute 
 is a village five leagues from Autun, in France, 
 where are mineral sj)rings, containing sulpho- 
 hydrate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, chlo- 
 ride of lime, sulphate of lime, and carbonate of 
 magnesia, 
 
 CRA VATE SUISSE (F.) A band of the lon- 
 gitudinal or superficial layer of the muscular 
 fibres of the stomach, along the lesser curvatm-e 
 of the organ, the shape of which it assists in pre- 
 serving ; — so called, on account of a fancied re- 
 semblance to a Swiss cravat. 
 
 CRAYEUX, Cretaceous. 
 
 CRA YON NOIR, Graphites. 
 
 CRAZINESS, Insanity. 
 
 CRAZY, Insane. 
 
 CREA, Shin. 
 
 CREAM, Cremor, (F.) Creme. A thick, unctu- 
 ous matter, of a yellowish-white colour, and STi'eet, 
 agreeable taste, which rises to the surface of milk, 
 if kept at rest. It is composed of butter, serum, 
 and casein. 
 
 Creme is a name given in France to bouillies 
 prepared with farina of different kinds ; as the 
 Cream of Rice, (F.) Crime de Biz, C. of Barley, 
 (F.) C. d'Orge, &c. 
 
 Cream, Cold, Ceratum Galeni, Unguentum 
 Aqua? rosa? — c. of Tartar, Potassse supertartras. 
 
 CRE'ASOTE, Cre'osote, Creaso'tum, Kre'aeote, 
 Creaso'ton, Creazo'ton; from Kptag, 'flesh,' and 
 aiDTr/o, 'a preserver.' A substance discovered not 
 long ago by Reichenbach. It is obtained from 
 tar, by distillation, and appears to be the active 
 antiseptic and medicinal agent in tar-water and 
 crude pyroligneous acid. It is a colourless trans- 
 parent iiiuid, of a penetrating and disagreeable 
 odour, and is freely soluble in alcohol and acetic 
 acid. Its taste is bitter. S. g. 1.037. It coagu- 
 lates albumen, whence its hemostatic power. It 
 
CREATINE 
 
 251 
 
 CREST 
 
 is a most powei-ful antiseptic; and has been 
 largely administered in liemorrhages both inter- 
 nally and externally. As an external applica- 
 tion, it has been used in burns, ulcers, especially 
 those of a sloughing character, chronic cutaneous 
 affections, and has been applied to tapeTcorm when 
 protruded, &c. Internally, it has been adminis- 
 tered in plithisis, vomiting, diabetes mellitus, ner- 
 vous diseases, chronic glanders, &c. The dose 
 internally is one or two drops. Externally, it is 
 sometimes applied pure ; at others, diluted, and 
 commonly with water, (f^ss to f§vj ;) or in the 
 form of ointment, (f^ss to §j of cerate.) 
 
 CBE'ATINE, Cre'atin, Orcati'na, Kre'athie, 
 from (vfjfaf, 'flesh.' A nitrogenized crystallizable 
 neutral substance, obtained by the agency of 
 water and heat in making broths and soups. It 
 does not combine either with acids or alkalies. 
 
 By the action of strong acids, creatine is con- 
 verted into Cyeatinine or Kreatinive, a substance 
 which has a strong alkaline reaction, and forms 
 crystallizable salts with acids. It preexists to a 
 small extent in the juice of flesh; and is found 
 in eoniunction with creatine in urine. 
 
 CREATININE, see Creatine. 
 
 CREATOPHAGUS, Carnivorous. 
 
 CREAZOTON, Creasoto. 
 
 CREEPER, TRUMPET, Tecoma radicans— 
 c. Virginia, Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Tecoma 
 radicans. 
 
 CRE3IAS0N, Pyrosis. 
 
 CREMAS'TER, Suspendic'uhm, Eleva'tor Tes- 
 tic'nli, Mus'culus Testis, M. Testicon'dus. That 
 which suspends ; from Kp^nao), ' I suspend.' The 
 Greeks designated, by this term, the spermatic 
 chord, or all the parts by which the testicle is, 
 as it were, suspended ; but, since Vesalius, it has 
 received its present limited meaning. The cre- 
 raaster is a very thin, muscular fascia — sometimes 
 hardly perceptible — Avhich detaches itself from 
 the internal oblique muscle ; passes through the 
 abdominal ring, and vanishes around the tunica 
 vaginalis ,• serving to draw up the testicle, and 
 to move it slightly. It has been, also, called 
 Tunica ErythroV dcs and Suspenso'rium Testis. 
 
 CREMAS'TERIC, Cremasier'icus, same ety- 
 mon as Cremaster. Appertaining or relating to 
 the cremaster, — as 'cremasteric artery,' — a branch 
 of the epigastric. 
 
 CRE3IE, Cream — c. de Soufre, Sulphur prcerci- 
 pitatum — c. de Tartre, Potasste supertartras. 
 
 CREMER. The common name for a disease 
 frequent in Hungary, which is produced by ex- 
 cess in eating and drinking. — Chomel. 
 
 CREMNOI, plural of Kprifjivos, ' a steep bank.' 
 The lips of an ulcer. The Lahia ^ouden' di. — Hip- 
 pocrates, Foesius. Hence : 
 
 CREMNON'CUS, from K^vfivo?, 'the labia pu- 
 dendi,' and oynus, 'a tumour.' A swelling of the 
 labia pudendi. 
 
 CREMOR, Cream — c. Tartari, Potassse super- 
 tartras — c, Urinae, see Urine. 
 
 CRENA, Crenatu'ra, JDentic'uIus, (F.) Crene- 
 lure. In the plural, the small teeth or projec- 
 tions in the bones of the cranium, by means of 
 which an accurate junction is formed at the su- 
 tures. Grenelure has also been used in surgery, 
 for the gutter or groove in certain instruments, 
 which is generally intended to secure the passage 
 of cutting instruments ; the groove, for example, 
 of a director. 
 
 CRENATURA, Crena. 
 
 GRENELURE, Crena. 
 
 CRE'OLE, (S.) CrioUo; from (S.) criar, 'to 
 create or foster.' A native of America, or of the 
 West Indies, born of parents who have emigrated 
 from the Old "World, or from Africa. Hence 
 
 there may be white as well as black Creoles.— 
 Tsehudi. 
 
 CREOPHAGUS, Carnivorous. 
 
 CREPALIA TEMULENTA, Lolium temu- 
 lentum. 
 
 CREPANELLA, Plumbago Europrea. 
 
 CREPA'TIO, Crej)a'tura, from crejiare, 'to 
 make a noise.' The action of bursting any seed 
 by ebullition. Coque ad cre2oatti,'ram, ' Boil till 
 it bursts.' 
 
 CREPATURA, Hernia. 
 
 CREPIDINES PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus. 
 
 CREP'ITANT, Crep'itating, Crep'itansj same 
 etymon. Crackling. 
 
 RCile Crepitant Sec d Grosses Brdlcs, 'dry 
 crackling noise with formation of large bubbles,' 
 is heard in pulmonary emphysema, when the dis- 
 tention becomes greater and greater, and is fol- 
 lowed by rupture of the vesicles. The air forcing 
 itself a passage in the interlobular areolar tissue, 
 gives rise to this Rale during inspiration. 
 
 Rale Crepitant Sec of Laennec, R. vesiculaire. 
 The crepitant rattle, heard, during respiration, in 
 severe pneumonia and in oedema of the lung; so 
 termed on account of the analogy between the 
 sound and that occasioned by pressing a healthy 
 lung between the fingers. It resembles the sound 
 produced by rubbing slowly and firmly between 
 the finger and thumb a lock of hair near the ear. 
 The Rlionchns crepitans redux, (F.) Rale crep>itant 
 reditx, is the sound heard in respiration coexistent 
 with the resolution of pneumonia. It indicates 
 the return of the cells to the pervious condition. 
 
 CREPITA'TION, Crej^itus, from crcpitare, 'to 
 make a noise.' Crackling. Crepitation or crepi- 
 tus, (F.) Cliquetis, has been used, in Surgery, to 
 designate the noise occasioned by the friction of 
 fractured bones, when the surgeon moves them 
 in certain directions. When it cannot bo heard 
 at a distance, it may be detected b}' the immedi- 
 ate application of the ear, or by the use of the 
 stethoscope. Crep)itus or crackling is, likewise, 
 met with in cases of gangrene, when air is effused 
 into the areolar membrane — provided the part be 
 carefully examined with the fingers. The same 
 term is used for the cracking of the joints in 
 health or disease. 
 
 CREPITUS, Crepitation, Fart— c. Lupi, Ly- 
 coperdon. 
 
 CRESCENTIA, Growth. 
 
 Crescen'tia Cuje'te; called after Crescentio, 
 an Italian writer on agriculture ; Ciijefe, Narroic- 
 leaved Calabash Tree. The pulp of the fruit of 
 this AVest India plant is acidulous. It is used in 
 diarrhoea and headaeh; and, in syrup, for dis- 
 eases of the chest. 
 
 CRESCENTIiE, Waxing kernels. 
 
 CRESERA, see Cribration. 
 
 CRESPINUS, Oxycantha Galeni. 
 
 CRESS, BITTER, COMMON, Cardamine pra- 
 tensis — c. Garden, Lepidium sativum — c. Indian, 
 TropfBolummajus — c. Penny, Thlaspi—c. Swines', 
 Cochlearia coronopus — c. Water, Sisymbrium nas- 
 turtium — 0. Water, marsh. Nasturtium palustre. 
 
 CRESSES, DOCK, Lapsana — c. Sciatica, Le- 
 pidium Iberis. 
 
 CRESSI, Sisymbrium nasturtium. 
 CRESSON ALENOIS, Lepidium sativum — 
 c. Elegant, Cardamine pratensis — c. de Fontaine, 
 Sisymbrium nasturtium — c. des hides, Tropseo- 
 lum majus — c. des Jar dins, Lepidium sativum — 
 e. du Mexique, Tropseolum majus — c. de Para, 
 Spilanthus oleraceus — c. des Fres, Cardamine 
 pratensis. 
 
 CREST, Crista — c. of the Ilium, see Crista o< 
 the Ilium— c. of the Pubis, see Crista of the Pu- 
 bis — c. of the Tibia, see Crista of the Tibia — c. of 
 the Urethra, see Crista urethralis. 
 
CRETA 
 
 252 
 
 CRICOID 
 
 CRETA, Car'honas calcia friub'iVis, Car'honas ' 
 CO.lca'rex'.s, Glisomaf'gn, 3Ielia Terra, Chalk, Car- 
 hcnate of Lime, (F.) Craie. Native friable car- 
 bonate of lime. 
 
 Creta PREPAnA'TA, Oar'bonas Calcis prmpa- 
 ra'tus, Prepared Chalk. (Prepared by levigation.) 
 Used externally, as an absorbent; internally, as 
 an antacid. Pose, gr. x to ^j or more. 
 
 CRETA'CEOUS, Creta'eeus, (E.) Cra3/eux,from 
 ereta, ' chalk.' Containing, or relating to, or 
 having the characters of, chalk; as 'cretaceous 
 mixture, cretaceous tubercles.* 
 
 CRETE, Crista— c. de Coq,^ Crista galli— c. de 
 V Ethmo'ide, Crista galli — c. Urethrale, Gallinagi- 
 nis caput. 
 
 CRETES DE COQ, see Crista. 
 
 CRETIN. One affected with cretinism. The 
 •word is said to come from Chretien, " Christian," 
 because the Cretin, being in a state of idiocy, is 
 incapable of committing any sin (?) See Cagot. 
 
 CRET'INISM, Cretinis'mus, Cret'inage, Cijrto'- 
 sis Cretin io'mus, Kretinie'mus, Micrenceph'alon. 
 An eiiidemio aifection in the low, deep, narrow 
 situations of the Valais ; in the valley of Aost, 
 Maurienne, a part of Switzerland, the Pyrenees, 
 Tyrol, &c. It is a state of idiocy, commonly 
 accompanied by an enormous goitre, and is often 
 hereditary. The unfortunate cretin is little better 
 than the animals around him. He rarely attains 
 an advanced age. Like idiocy, cretinism has been 
 divided into complete and incomplete. 
 
 CREUSET, Ci-ucihle. 
 
 CREUX I)E L'ATSSELLE, see Axilla. 
 
 CREUXBE L'ESTOJfAO, Eossette du eceur. 
 
 CREUX DE LA MAIN, Palm. 
 
 CREUZXACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The springs of Creuznach are in Germany. They 
 contain iodine, bromine, and the chlorides of 
 sodium and calcium. 
 
 CREUZOT, MINERAL WATERS OF. C. is 
 a mountain to the north-east of Mount Cenis. 
 Near it is a saline chalybeate spring. 
 
 CREVASSE, (F.) Rima, from crever,<io break 
 or crack.' A crack, a cleft. The words crevasse, 
 gerQure, fissure, and rhagade are often used syno- 
 nymously for small longitudinal cracks or chaps 
 of a more or less painful character. Sometimes, 
 crevasse is emploj'ed to designate the solutions of 
 continuity or ruptures, which supervene in dis- 
 tended parts, in the urinary passages, uterus, <te. : 
 it is then synonymous with rupture. 
 
 CRI, Cry. 
 
 CRIBLE, Cribratus. 
 
 CRIBRA, see Cribration. 
 
 CRIBRA'TION, Crihra'tio, Coscinis'mus, from 
 cribrare, ' to sift.' Sifting. A pharmaceutical 
 operation, which consists in separating the finer 
 parts of drugs from the coarser. Sieves. Drum- 
 sieves are used for this purpose. These were for- 
 merly called Crihra ; Cos'cinoi. A sieve for 
 separating the bran from meal was termed Cre'- 
 sera, Aleurote' sis, Cribruni Pollina'rimn. 
 
 CRIB RA' T U S, Cribro'sus, from cribrum, ' a 
 sieve.' (F.) Crible. Having holes like a sieve. 
 Lame criblee, Crib'riform p)l<^te, is the horizontal 
 lamina of the ethmoid bone — so called because it 
 is perforated like a sieve. Through the perfora- 
 tions the olfactory nerves pass. 
 
 La'mina Cribro'sa of Albinus ; Crib'riform la- 
 mel'la — a circular spot, perforated with small 
 holes, seen when the optic nerve is regarded from 
 the inside, after removing the retina and choroid. 
 From these holes the medullary matter may be 
 expressed. 
 
 CRIB'RIFORM, Cribrifor'mis, from cribrum, 
 'a sieve,' and/o;'»m, 'form The etlimoid bone 
 Was formerly feo falh^d: — Os Cribrifor'me. 
 
 Cribriform Compress. A square piece of linen 
 pierced with a number of holes. This is spread 
 with cerate and apiplied to a suppurating surface, 
 the holes being intended for the escape of the pus. 
 
 Cribriform Fascia, see Fascia, cribriform — c. 
 Lamella, see Cribratus — c. Plate of the Ethmoid, 
 see Cribratus. 
 
 CRIBROSUS, Cribratus. 
 
 CRIBRUM POLLINARIUM, see Cribration. 
 
 CRICARYTENODES, Crico-arytenoid. 
 
 CFtlCELLA'SIA, Criciln' sia, from KpiKog, ' a 
 circle,' and tXauvu, 'I drive.' An exercise with 
 the ancients, which appears to have been the same 
 as the childish play of rolling the hoop. 
 
 CRICK IN THE NECK. A painful rheuma- 
 tic affection of the muscles of the neck, which 
 causes the person to hold his head to one side in 
 a characteristic manner. 
 
 C R I C 0-A RY T'E NOID, Crico-arytenoideus, 
 Cricaryteno'des. Relating to the cricoid and ary- 
 tenoid cartilages. 
 
 Crico-Aryt'enoid Muscle, Crico-arytenoide- 
 us latera'lis, Crico-latero-aryteno'idien. A muscle 
 which proceeds from the lateral part of the supe- 
 rior edge of the cricoid cartilage to the outer and 
 anterior part of the base of the arytenoid carti- 
 lage. It carries the arytenoid cartilage outward 
 and forwards. 
 
 Crico-Aryt'exoid, Poste'eior ; Crieo-aryte- 
 no'ideua posti'cus, Crico-creti-aryteno'idien, Dila- 
 tateur posterieur du Larynx. A small, triangular 
 muscle, seated at the back part of the larynx. It 
 extends from the prominent line, at the middle of 
 the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage, to 
 the outer and posterior part of the base of the 
 arytenoid cartilage. 
 
 Crico-Arytenoideus Supe'rior, of Winslow, 
 forms part of the Aryteno'ideus of modern anato- 
 mists. 
 
 CRICO- CRETI-AR YTENOIDIEN, Crico- 
 arytenoid, posterior — c. Latero-aryteno'idien, 
 Crico-arytenoid. 
 
 CRICO - PHARYNGEAL, Crico-Pharyngeus. 
 Belonging to the cricoid cartilage and pharynx. 
 
 Crico-Pharyngeus muscle, of Winslow, is a 
 fleshy bundle, which forms part of the Constrictor 
 Pharyngis inferior. He calls the other part 
 Thyro-p)hai-ynge'us, and proposes to call the 
 whole Thyro-crico-pharyngeus. 
 
 CRICO-THYREOIDES, Crico-Thyroidean. 
 
 Crico-Thyroideax, Crico-thyroid, Crico-tliy- 
 reo'des, Orico-thyreoV des, Crico-thyreo'ideua. Be- 
 longing to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. 
 
 Crico-Thyroid Membrane is of a fibrous na- 
 ture, and extends from the upper edge of the 
 cricoid cartilage to the inferior edge of the thyroid. 
 
 Crico-Thyroid Muscle, Crico-thyro'ideus,{F.) 
 Dilatateur anterieur du larynx, is a small fleshy 
 bundle, of a triangular shape, at the anterior and 
 inferior part of the larynx. It extends from the 
 outer surface of the cricoid cartilage to the late- 
 ral parts of the inferior margin of the thyroid car- 
 tilage; and its use is, to approximate, anteriorly, 
 the corresponding margins of the cricoid and thy- 
 roid cartilages; and thus to stretch the ligaments 
 of the glottis, which it contracts hy separating 
 the thyroid cartilage from the arytenoid. 
 
 CRICO- TIIYR 0-PHAR YNGIEN, Constric- 
 tor pharyngis. 
 
 CRICOID, Crico'i'deus, Ch'co'i'des, Orico'deif 
 Annula'ris, Cymbala'ris, from KpiKo;, *a ring/ 
 and Clio;, 'form.' Having the form of a ring. 
 A name given to one of the cartilages of the 
 larynx, Cartilu'go innomiua'ta, (F.) Cartilage 
 anonyme, which is situate at its lower part, be- 
 tween the thyroid and first ring of the trachea. 
 It is much higher behind than before. 
 
CRICOIDES 
 
 253 
 
 CROCOMAGMA 
 
 CRI''*OIDES, Annular, Cricoid. 
 
 CRIi;OS, Ring. 
 
 CRIMNO'DES, Crimno'i'des, from Kpijivov, 
 'coarse meal/ and eiioj, 'resemblance.' Resem- 
 bling meal. 
 
 Ckimso'des Uri'na. Urine that deposits a 
 eedimeMt like meal. 
 
 CRIMXON, Farina. 
 
 CRIjSTA'LE, from crinis, 'hair.' An instru- 
 ment formerly used to compress in cases of fis- 
 tula laehrymalis. It has its name from the cir- 
 cumstance of its having at one end a small cushion 
 Etufled -with hair. — Scultetus. 
 
 CRINA'TUM. A species of fumigation, used 
 by Paulus of ^gina. The roots of lilies entered 
 iu to the process ; hence its name, — from Kpivov, 
 ' the lily.' 
 
 CRINES, Hair. 
 
 CRINIS, Capillus. 
 
 CRINOM'YRON, from Kpivov, 'the lily,' and 
 livpov, ' ointment.' Unguen'tum lilia'cenm, U. 
 j^gyp'tiuin album, U. Susi'num. An ointment, 
 composed of lilies and some aromatic plants. — 
 Gorrajus, 
 
 CRINON, Lilium candidum. 
 
 CRIOLLO, Creole. 
 
 CRIOMYX'OS. In antiquity, one who had 
 much mucus flowing from his nasal fossee, like 
 the ram; from Kpw?, 'a ram,' and ^ufa, 'mucus.' 
 
 CRISIS, Diac'risis, Dijudica'tio, ' decision ;' 
 from Kpivo, 'I decide.' This word has been used 
 in various acceptations. Some mean by crisis of 
 a disease, when it augments or diminishes consi- 
 derably, becomes transformed into another, or 
 ceases entirely. Some have used the word to 
 signify only the favourable changes which super- 
 vene in disease ; others, for the change going on 
 in the acme or violence of the disease. Others, 
 again, have given this name only to a rapid and 
 favourable change, joined to some copious eva- 
 cuation or eruption ; whilst others have applied 
 the term to the symptoms that accompany such 
 change, and not to the change itself; — thus in- 
 cluding, under the same denomination, the criti- 
 cal phenomena and the crisis. 
 
 CRISPA'TION, Crispatit'ra, from crispare, 
 'to wrinkle.' A contraction or spasmodic con- 
 striction, which supervenes in certain parts, either 
 spontaneously or by the influence of some mor- 
 bific cause or therapeutical agent. The capillary 
 vessels of a wound are, by the French, termed 
 crispis, when, immediately, after an operation, 
 the blood does not flow from them. The skin is 
 paid to be crispie, when contracted, and the 
 Dulbs of the hair become more prominent. Cris- 
 paiion of the nerves is a slight convulsive motion 
 of external or internal parts, much less than that 
 which occurs in convulsion. 
 
 CRISTA, J.)»6e, J.)»6on. A crest. (S.) Crete. 
 A name given to several bony projections; also, 
 to the clitoris. 
 
 The word Crates (F.), Crista, is also used, in 
 France, for fimbriated excrescences, which form 
 at the anus, and near the genital organs; and are 
 commonly owing to the syphilitic virus. Cretes 
 de Coq are syphilitic excrescences, resembling, in 
 form, the crest of the cock. 
 
 Cbtsta Galli; two Latin words, signifying 
 the c-«>/n6 of a cock, (F.) Crete de I'ethmo'ide, G. 
 de Coq. A flat, triangular process, rising above 
 the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and re- 
 sembling a cock's comb. It gives attachment to 
 the anterior part of the falx cerebri. 
 
 Crista oh Crest of the Il'tum, is the supe- 
 rior margin of the ilium : — the Crista or Crest of 
 the Tib'ia, the anterior edge, the shin; and the 
 Crista or Crest of the Puhis, the posterior sharp 
 edge on the upper surface of the bone. Winslow 
 
 calls 'the nymphae Crista of the clit'oris; and 
 Chaussier, the veru niontanum. Crista Urethra'- 
 lis. Crest of the Urethra. 
 
 Crista Interna, Frontal spine — c. Tibiae, 
 Shin — c. Urethralis, Gallinaginis caput. 
 
 Crista Vestib'uli, Eminen'tia pyrainida'lis. 
 A crest which divides the vestibule of the ear 
 into two fossas, — one inferior and hemispherical, 
 called Fo'vea hemispha'rica ; the other superior 
 and semi-elliptical. Fovea ellip'tica seu seinf- 
 ellip'tica. Morgagni has described a third groove-i 
 like fossa, Reces'sus seu Fo'vea sulciform'is, situ> 
 ate at the mouth of the common orifice of the two 
 superior semicircular canals. 
 
 CRISTA CLITORIDIS, Nympha3. 
 
 CRISTALLIN, Crystalline. 
 
 CRISTALLINE, Mesembryanthemum crya, 
 tallinum. 
 
 CRITHE, Hordeolum, Hordeum, Penis. 
 
 CRITHIDION, Hordeolum. 
 
 CRITHMUM MARIT'IMUM, Crithmum, Ca- 
 chrys marit'iina, Foenic'idum mari'num, SamjMre, 
 (F.) Passe-jnerre, Perce-pierre, Fenouil marin, 
 Bacile. Family, Umbelliferffi. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tandria Digynia. A plant which grows on the 
 sea-coasts, has a spicj^, aromatic flavour, and is 
 used, pickled, as a condiment. 
 
 The Gaaponga of Brazil is a kind of crithmum. 
 
 CRIT'ICAL, Crit'icus. Belonging to a crisis. 
 
 Critical Bays, Dies crit'ici, D. judicato'rii, 
 D. Eecreto'rii, D. Prin'cipcs, D. Radica'les, D. 
 Contemp>lah' iles, D. Internvn'cii, (F.) Joura cri- 
 tiques, are those on which a crisis, it is imagined, 
 is most likely to happen. According to Hippo- 
 crates and Galen, the greatest number of fevers 
 terminate favourably on the 7th day, and many 
 on the 14th; — these two days being the most 
 propitious. Next to these come, in order of efii- 
 ciency, the 9th, 11th, 20th or 21st, 17th, 5th, 4th, 
 3d, ISth, 27th, and 28th. The sixth day was 
 called by Galen, the Tyrant, rvpavvos, because 
 the crises that happened then were generally un- 
 favourable. After this, the most unfavourable 
 were the 8th, 10th, 12th, 16th, and 19th. The 
 loth was a sort of neutral day; the crises which 
 hapisened on it being neither favourable nor un- 
 favourable. Bays were, also, divided into Inter' - 
 calary, on which the crises happened less fre- 
 quently, and were less complete than on the 
 critical or indicatory ; — and into vacant and non- 
 decretory, on which a crisis hardly ever occurred. 
 According to this division, they were enumerated 
 as follows : 
 
 Critical days 7th, 14th, 20th, 27th, 34th, 
 
 40th, 60th, Ac. 
 
 Indicatory days 4th, 11th, 17th, 24th, &C. 
 
 Intercalary days. . . .3d, 5th, 6th, 9th, &c. 
 Non-decretory days. .2d, 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th, &c. 
 
 Fortunate crises were considered to be indi- 
 cated by favourable signs appearing three days 
 before. 
 
 CRITICAL PERIOB, see Menses. 
 
 CROCHET, Crotchet, 
 
 CROCIBISMUS, Carphologia. 
 
 CROCIBIXIS, Carphologia. 
 
 CRO'CINUM, from KpuKos, 'saffron,' Made 
 with saffron ; coloured with saffron. 
 
 CROCO'BES, from KpoKos, 'saffron,' and uSo;, 
 'resemblance.' Certain troches into which saf- 
 fron entered as an ingredient. — Paulus of iEgina. 
 
 CROCOBI'LEA, Stercus Zar.er'tm. The ex- 
 crements of the crocodile, which the Arabists 
 extolled as a remedy for cutaneous diseases, and 
 which was long used as a cosmetic. 
 
 CROCOBILIUM, Echinops. 
 
 CROCOMAG'MA, from KpoKo^, 'saffron,' uni 
 uayua, *a kneaded or squeezed mass.' A kind 
 
CROCUS 
 
 254 
 
 CROWN 
 
 of troch, composed of saffron and spices. — Galen, 
 Sioscorides, Paulus of ^gina, Scribonius Largus. 
 
 CROCUS, C. sati'vus seu ojftcina'lis seu Aiis- 
 triacus, 3fedici' na Tri8tit"icB, Panace'a vegefab'- 
 ilis, Zaffran, An'tma Pulmo'nnm, C. Oricnta'lis, 
 Jovisflos, Saffron, (F.) Safran. Order, Iridese. 
 The stigmata are the parts used in medicine. 
 They are brought from the East. The odour is 
 aromatic, and the taste aromatic, pungent, and 
 bitter : — the colour deep orange red. Its virtues 
 are yielded to alcohol, wine, vinegar and water. 
 Its operation has been considered stimulant, ex- 
 hilarating and diaphoretic. It is not much used. 
 
 Cake Saffron is sometimes met with. It con- 
 sists of one part of saffron and nine of marigold, 
 made into a cake with oil, and pressed. 
 
 Crocds, Colcothar — c. Antimonii, Oxydum 
 stibii sulphuratum — c. Austriacus, Crocus — • c. 
 Germanicus, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Indicus, 
 Curcuma longa — c. Martis adstringens, Colcothar 
 — c. Martis aperiens, Ferri subcarbonas — c. Mar- 
 tis vitriolatus, Colcothar — c. Metallorum, Oxydum 
 stibii sulphuratum — c. Officinalis, Crocus — c. Ori- 
 en talis. Crocus — c. Saracenicus, Carthamus tinc- 
 torius — c. Sativus, Crocus. 
 
 CROCYDISMUS, Carphologia. 
 
 CROISE, (F.) Grossed. An epithet given to 
 paralysis, when it attacks the arm of one side 
 and the leg of another. 
 
 CROISSANCE, Growth. 
 
 CROISSANOES, AVaxing kernels, 
 
 CROISSANTS, Waxing kernels. 
 
 CROIX BE 3IALTE, Sple'nium Crucia'tum, 
 Maltese Cross, Gross of Malta. A compress, 
 having the form of the Maltese cross. It is 
 made of a piece of square linen, folded in four, 
 and divided with scissors from each angle to a 
 small distance from the centre. It is used espe- 
 cially after amputation of the fingers, penis, and 
 limbs. 
 
 When the compress is cut in two of its angles 
 only, it is called the Half Maltese Cross, — Demi- 
 croix. de Malte. 
 
 CROMMYON", Allium cepa. 
 
 CROMMYOXYREG'MIA, from Kpoi>^,vov, 'an 
 onion,' o^v?, 'acid,' and priyvvni, 'to break out.' 
 Sour, fetid eructations, exhaling a smell similar 
 to that of onions. 
 
 CROPALE, Nerium antidysentericum. 
 
 CROPSTA, Chromopsia. 
 
 CROSS, MALTESE, Croix de Malte. 
 
 CROSSE DE L'AORTE, Arch of the aorta. 
 
 CROSSES PALM AIRES, Palmar arches. 
 
 CROSSWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Lysi- 
 machia quadrifolia. 
 
 CROTALOPHORUS, Crotalus horridus. 
 
 CROT'ALUS HOR'RIDUS, Crotaloph'orvs. 
 The Rattlesnake, Cobra di Capello, (F.) Grotale. 
 A venomous reptile of North America. Its poison 
 is virulent. _ It is so called from the rattle in its 
 tail, (^K^orakov, 'a rattle,' 'a small bell.') 
 
 CROT'APHE, Crota'phium, from Kporacpos, 
 ' temple.' CephaUd'rjia Pidsat'ilis, Gephala'a 
 Pidsat'ilis, Sphyrjmoceph' alus. A pulsatory pain, 
 chiefly in the temples, with drumming in the ears. 
 
 CROTAPHITE ARTERIES, Temporal ar- 
 tei les. 
 
 CROTAPHITES. Temporal muscle. 
 CROTAPIIIUM, Crotaphe. 
 CROTAPIIUS, Temple, Temporal bone. 
 CROTCHET, Ilamns. A small hook or crook. 
 (F.) Crochet. An obstetrical instrument, whose 
 name indicates its shape, and which is used in the 
 extraction of the foetus, when it becomes necvssary 
 <o destroy it to expedite delivery. Crotchets are 
 differently lormea; some are sharp, others blunt; 
 lome contained in a sheath, others naked. 
 CROTON BENZOE, Benjamin, 
 
 Croton Cascaeil'lA, Cortex Eleitthe' n'a, Cro- 
 ton Eleuthe'ria seu Elute'ria, Clu'tia Elute'ria, 
 Thus JudcBo'rum, Cliacaril'lcB cortex, Gascaril'la, 
 Eleute'ria, Gascaril'la. Order, Euphorbiaceas. 
 Sex. Syst. Monrecia Monadelphia. (F.) Quin- 
 quina aromatique, Cascarille. The bark of Cro- 
 ton Cascarilla of the Bahamas, Cortex Thuris, 
 has a slightly aromatic odour, and bitterish, arc 
 matic taste. The smoke has the odour of musk. 
 The active parts are an essential oil and bitter 
 extractive. They are completely extracted by 
 proof spirit. It is tonic and stomachic. Dose, 
 gr. XV to ^ss or more, in powder. 
 
 Croton Eleutheeia, Croton cascarilla — e. Ja- 
 malyota, C. tiglium — c. Lacciferum, see Lacea — 
 c. Oil, Croton tiglium. 
 
 Croton RACEMo'susr, Beenel, A small Mala- 
 bar tree, whose aromatic root, boiled in oil of 
 sesame, is employed, by the orientals, as a lini- 
 ment in headach and rheumatism. 
 
 CnoT:o'sTi(i''Li'uvi ,c. Jamalyo' tajCadel- Avanacu. 
 A Ceylonese plant, every part of which is en- 
 dowed with medicinal power. The root is a dras- 
 tic cathartic : the wood, Lignum Pava'na, Pa- 
 vana wood, and the seed, have like virtues. The 
 seeds have been long known under the names, 
 Grana Moluc'ca, Til'ii Grana, and Grana Tig'lii 
 seu Tig'lia. From these seeds the Croton Oil, 
 O'leum Tig'lii, is expressed. It is of a pale, 
 brownish-yellow colour, and hot, biting taste ; 
 and is a most powerful drastic cathartic. Dose, 
 from half a drop to three drops, made into pills 
 with crumb of bread. It is also applied exter- 
 nally as a rubefacient, 3 to 5 drops being rubbed 
 on the part ; or one part of the oil and three parts 
 of olive oil may be added together, and a little of 
 this be rubbed on. 
 
 CROTO'NE, KpoT(i)vv. A fungus, which grows 
 on trees, and is produced by an insect, from Kporwv, 
 'a tick.' By extension, applied to a fungous 
 tumour developed on the periosteum. 
 
 CROUP, Cynanche trachealis — c. Bronchia], 
 Polypus bronchialis — e. Cerebral, Asthma thymi- 
 eum — c. Cerebral spasmodic, Carpo-pedal spasm — • 
 c. Chronic, Polypus bronchialis — c. Faux, Asth- 
 ma thymicum, see Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 Croup, Hyster'ic. A spasmodic affection of 
 the laryngeal muscles by no means unfrequent in 
 hysterical females, — the paroxysm consisting in 
 a long protracted, loud and convulsive cougli^ 
 followed at times by crowing respiration, and 
 by dyspnoea so great as to threaten suffocation. 
 The treatment is that advised for hy.<eria. 
 
 Croup, Pseudo, Asthma thymicuji — c. Pseu^ 
 do-7ierveux. Asthma thymicum — c. Spasmodic, 
 see Asthma thymicum, and Cynanche trachealis 
 — c. Spurious, Asthma thymicum, 
 CROUPE, see Croupion. 
 
 CROUP ION (F.) Uropyg'ium, Orus, Orrhoa, 
 the Rump. The region of the coccyx. The Ci-vp- 
 per, (F.) Croupe. 
 
 CROUP-LIKE INSPIRATION OF IN- 
 FANTS, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 CROUTE, Crusta— c. De lait, Porrigo larvalis 
 — c. Laiteuse, Porrigo larvalis, 
 CROUTEUX, CrustacL 
 
 CROWFOOT, Geranium maculatum— c. Brist- 
 ly, Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus — c. Bulbous- 
 rooted, Ranunculus bulbosus — c. Marsh, Ranun- 
 culus seeleratus— c. Meadow, Ranunculus neris — 
 c. Small-flowered, Ranunculus abortivus — c. Wa- 
 ter, smaller. Ranunculus flammula. 
 
 CROWN, Coro'va, Stcph'ane. In anatomy, this 
 name is given to parts of a circular form, which 
 surmount other portions of the same body. Thus, 
 the Crown of a TonlJi, Coro'na Dentin, (F.) Coii- 
 ronne du Dent, is the portion of the tooth which 
 pr'^jects above the gum. 
 
CROWSBEAK-LIKE PROCESS 
 
 255 
 
 CRURAL 
 
 Crown op the Glans, Coro'na seu Tor'ulus 
 tjlandis, (F.) Cournniie da gland, is the round, 
 almost circular, ring, 'wliicli circumscribes the 
 base of the glans. 
 
 Crown of the Trepan, Modiolus, (F.) Cou- 
 ronne da Tre^ian, is a species of saw, in form of 
 a crown, or rather of a portion of a cylinder, 
 having grooves on its external surface, and teeth 
 at its lower extremity ; the other being fitted to 
 the handle of the trepan. 
 
 Crown of Venus, Coro'na Ven'eris, Gufta Ro- 
 sa' cea SypTiilit'ica, (F.) Couronne de Venus. Red, 
 rosy pustules, dry or moist, on the face ; but par- 
 ticularly on the forehead and temples, owing to 
 constitutional syphilis. 
 
 CROWSBEAK-LIKE PROCESS, Coraeoid 
 process. 
 
 CRU'CIAL, from cmx, cruets, 'a cross.' Cru- 
 cia'lis, Crucia'tus. Having the shape of a cross. 
 Appertaining to a cross. 
 
 Crucial Bandage, T Bandage. 
 
 Crucial Incis'ion, Incisu'ra crucia'Us, (F.) 
 Incision cruciale. An incision made in the form 
 of a cross. Often employed for exposing the cra- 
 nium, for the purpose of applying the trepan. 
 
 Crucial Ligament of the Atlas, Annular 
 ligament of the Atlas. 
 
 Crucial Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments croise-i, 
 L. cruei/onnes. Two strong ligaments within 
 the knee-joint. The anterior passes obliquely 
 from a depression anterior to the spine of the 
 tibia to the posterior and inner part of the exter- 
 nal condj'le of the femur: — the other, the poste- 
 rior, extends from the posterior part of the spine 
 of the tibia to the anterior and outer part of the 
 internal condyle. 
 
 CRUCIA'TI DOLO'RES, Excruciating pains. 
 
 CRU'CIBLE, from crux, criicis, 'across:' so 
 called — it has been supposed — from being made 
 in the shape of a cross, or from having a cross 
 impressed upon it : Crvcih'nlwn, Cati'nus fuso'- 
 rius, Tigil'lum, Albot, Cemente' rium, (F.) Creuset. 
 A vessel of earth, silver, platinum, gold, black- 
 lead, &o., for receiving substances, which have to 
 be exposed to a strong heat. It is sometimes 
 covered with a top or lid. (F.) Couvercle. 
 
 CRU'CIFORM, from crux, crucis, ' a cross,' and 
 forma, ' shape ;' Cruciform' is, Cross-shaped. A 
 name given to the ligaments which close the ar- 
 ticulations of the phalanges,' and likewise to the 
 crucial ligaments. 
 
 CRUDE, Crudus, Oimts : Raw, unripe, not con- 
 cocted: 
 
 CRUDITAS MORBI, see Crudity— c. Ventri- 
 culi, see Crudity. 
 
 CRU'DITY, Cru'ditns, Om'otes, Status Crudi- 
 ta'tis, from, crudus, 'crude,' 'unprepared,' Incoctus. 
 Rawness, Crudeness. This has received several 
 acceptations. 1. It expresses the quality of cer- 
 tain aliments, which have not experienced the 
 action of fire. 2. The condition of matters in the 
 digestive tube, which have not undergone the di- 
 gestive changes, — cru'ditas ventric'idi ; and, 3. In 
 the language of the Humorists, it means the con- 
 dition of the morbific matter in a sick individual, 
 cru'ditas morhi, when it has not yet been pre- 
 pared or concocted by the action of the organs, — 
 Azym'ia Iinmo' rum. 
 
 The word is used in the plural, Oru'dities, syno- 
 nymously v^iih crude matters. (F.) Matieres crues. 
 It is applied to those, when contained in the sto- 
 mach and intestines. 
 
 CRUELS, Scrofula. 
 
 CRUENTA EXSPUITIO, Hsemoptysis. 
 
 GRUBS (Matieres,) see Crudity. 
 
 CRUME'NA VESi'C^. The cavity of the 
 urinary bladder. 
 
 CRUOR. The siraification of this word is 
 
 very vague. It has been used to dcjif^^naf e blood 
 in general, venous blood, extravasated or coagu- 
 lated blood, and the colouring matter. 
 
 Cruor Sanguinis, see Blood. 
 
 CRUORIN, Hajmatin. 
 
 CRUPPER, Croupion—c. Bone, Coccyx. 
 
 CRUPSIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 CRURA. The plural of Cms, 'a leg. (F.) 
 Cuisse. Applied to some parts of the body, from 
 their resemblance to legs or roots ; as the Crura 
 cerebri. Crura, cerebelli, &c. 
 
 Crura Anteriora Medull^e Oblongata, Pe- 
 duncles of the brain — c. Cerebelli ad Corpora 
 Quadrigcmina, see Peduncles of the cerebellum — 
 c. Cerebelli ad Pontem, see Peduncles of the cere- 
 bellum — c. Clitoridis interna, Bulbus vestibuli — 
 e. MeduUje oblongatte. Corpora restiformia, Tha- 
 lami nervorum opticorum, see Peduncles of tho 
 cerebellum — c. Posteriora medullce oblongatse, 
 Peduncles of the cerebellum. 
 
 CRUR^US, Cruralis. 
 
 CRURAL, Crura'lis, from c7-us, 'the thigh, and 
 lower limb.' What belongs to the thigh or lower 
 limb. 
 
 Crural Arcii, In'guinal Arch, Fem'oral Arch, 
 (F.) Arcade crurale, A. inguinale (Ch.), Pot'- 
 part's Lig'ament, L. of Fallo'jiius. This arch is 
 formed by the internal portion of the inferior edge 
 of the aponeurosis of the obliquus externus mus-" 
 ele, which is attached, at one end, to the pubis ; 
 at the other, to the anterior and superior spinous 
 process of the ilium. At its posterior and inner 
 part, the aponeurosis, forming the arch, sends off 
 a falciform reflection, which is attached along tho 
 crest of the pubis, and is known under the name 
 of Gimbernat's Ligament. Beneath this arch, 
 the vessels, nerves, and muscles make their exit 
 from the pelvis to the thigh. 
 
 Crural Artery, Fem'oral Artery, (F.) Arttre 
 crurale, A. Pelvi -crurale, — (Ch.,) is the continua- 
 tion of the external iliac. It extends from the 
 crural arch to the aperture in the triceps, or to 
 the ham. Chaussier applies the name Artere 
 crurale to the trunk, which extends from the pri- 
 mitive or common iliac to the tibial arteries ; em- 
 bracing, of course, the external iliac, femoral, and 
 popliteal. 
 
 Crural Canal, Crural Ring, Fem'oral canal 
 or ring. M. Jules Cloquet has described this canal 
 with minuteness, and given it-the name Amieaxi 
 crural, Anneau femoral. It is nearly an inch 
 long, triangular, more spacious above than below, 
 and shorter and broader in tlie female than in the 
 male. Its upper orifice is bounded, anteriorly, 
 by the crural arch ; posteriorly, by the crista of 
 the pubis ; on the outer side by the psoas and 
 iliacus muscles, covered by the iliac aponeurosis, 
 and, at the inner, by Gimbernat's ligament. This 
 orifice is covered by the peritoneum, and, accor- 
 ding to M. Cloquet, is closed by a more or less 
 resisting septum, which he has named Septum 
 crurale. Crural septum. In its ccurse, the crural 
 canalhas its anterior parietes formed by the super- 
 ficial expansion of the fascia lata: the posterior 
 by the peotiueus, covered by the deep-seated ex- 
 pansion of the fascia ; and more externally by the 
 psoas and iliacus muscles, covered by an expan- 
 sion of the fascia iliaca. Its inferior orifice is 
 formed by the foramen of the fascia lata., whicii 
 gives passage to the vena saphrena. It is at tho 
 upper orifice of this canal, iliAi Femoral or Crural 
 Hernia, Ilernie inguinale of Chaussier, occurs ; 
 which would be more common, wore it not for 
 the fibrous cellular septum there situate. 
 
 Crural Nerve proceeds from the lumbsr 
 plexus, and is situate at the outer side of thj 
 psoas muscle and crural artery. After it Lsi* 
 
CRURAL 
 
 256 
 
 CRYSTALLIJTB 
 
 passed under the crural arch, it divides into 
 cutaneous and muscular branches. One of the- 
 branches, which is larger than the rest, is called 
 the Saphm'na nerve. It gives off filaments to the 
 integuments of the knee, to the inner part of the 
 leg, and to the dorsal surface of the foot. The 
 remainder of the branches of the crural are dis- 
 triliuted to the anterior and inner part of the 
 thigh. The Ac' ceasory of the Orural Nerve is a term 
 given to the 4th and 5th pairs of lumbar nerves. 
 
 Crdral Plexus of Chaussier is the union of 
 the anterior branches of the last four pairs of 
 lumbar nerves, and the first four sacral ; forming 
 the lumbar and sacral plexuses of most anato- 
 mists. 
 
 Crural Kixg, Crural canal — c. Septum, see 
 Crural canal. 
 
 Crural Vein, Fem'oral Vein, has the same 
 arrangement as the artery. It receives only one 
 great branch, the saphEena. 
 
 CRURAL, Triceps cruris. 
 
 CRUKxl'LIS, Crurm'us. A part of the Triceps 
 crural of the French, or of the Trifeinororotulien 
 of Chaussier. The cruralis is situate at the ante- 
 rior, outer, and inner part of the thigh. It arises, 
 fleshy, from betvreen the two trochanters, adheres 
 firmly to most of the fore part of the os femoris, 
 and is inserted, tendinous, into the upper part of 
 the patella, behind the rectus. Its use is to assist 
 the vasti and rectus in the extension of the leg. 
 Under J/iKcZe Triceps Orural, the French describe 
 the cruralis and the two vasti. Some small mus- 
 cular slips, sometimes found under the crurseus 
 muscle, and inserted into the capsular ligament 
 of the knee-joint, have been called Suh-crura'i. 
 
 CRURIS RADIUS, Fibula. 
 
 CRUS, Leg, Thigh. 
 
 CRUST, Eschar. 
 
 CRUSTA. A crust or scab. (F.) Croute. An 
 assemblage of small flakes, formed by the drying 
 up of a fluid secreted by the skin. 
 
 The lining membrane of the stomach and in- 
 testines has been called Cru^ta viUo'sa. 
 
 Crusta AcAMANTEfA Dentium, Enamel of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Cbusta Genu EQUi'NiE, HippogonyoV epus, 
 Sioeat or Knee Scab, llock or Encircled Hoof 
 Kiiees, Hangers, Dew Claws, Night Eyes, Horse 
 Crust. This morbid secretion from the horse has 
 been advised in cases of epilepsy. It is used in 
 the form of powder, (gr. ij to gr. xx,-) and of 
 tincture. 
 
 Crusta IsTLAirsrATORiA, Corium phlogisticum 
 — c. Laetea, Porrigo larvalis, P. lupinosa — c. 
 Membranacea, Peristroma — c. Petrosa, see Tooth 
 c. Phlogistica, Corium phlogisticum — c. Pleure- 
 tica, Corium phlogisticum — c. Pruriginosa, Gutta 
 rosea — c. Serpiginosa, Gutta rosea — c. Vermicu- 
 laris, Peristroma — c. Villosa linguae, see Tongue 
 — c. Villosa ventriculi, see Stomach. 
 
 CR USTA CE, (F.) Alibert has substituted this 
 •word, in his Nosology, for crovAeux, 'crusty.' 
 Having crusts or scabs ; as Dartre crustacee. 
 
 CRUS'TULA. A small sheU or scab. An 
 ecchymosis of the conjunctiva. 
 
 CRUSTUMI'NATUM. A rob, prepared from 
 the Pyra Crustumi'na or Cnistumeri'na, (so called 
 from Crustuminum, a town in Italj', where they 
 grew.'^ boiled with honey or in rain-water. — 
 Ae'tius. 
 
 CRUX CERVI. An ancient appellation for 
 the bone in the heart of the stag. It was once 
 considered useful in diseases of the heart. 
 
 CRT, Clamor, Doe, (F.) Cri. The sound of 
 the unarticulated voice. The native voice, which 
 the idiot and deaf possess equally with the man 
 of genius and hearing. The cry of the new-born 
 vshild has bc^u called Vagi'tus, (F.) Vagissemcnt. 
 
 We say, "A cry of joy, of pleasure, of pain," 
 &c., according to the expression which it may 
 convey to the hearer. 
 
 CRYMO'DES, from Kpvixos, 'cold.' A conti, 
 nued fever, Fehris crywo'des, in which the inter- 
 nal parts feel hot, and the external cold ; and 
 which was attributed to an erysipelatous inflam- 
 mation of the lungs. — Aetius, Gorranis. 
 
 CRTMODYN'IA, from K^vfioi, 'cold,' and o5«vrr, 
 • pain.' Chronic rheuraatism, and all its modifi- 
 cations.— Baumes. 
 
 CRYMO'SIS, from Kpvjxo^, 'cold.' Eiseasea 
 caused by the action of cold. — Baumes. 
 
 CRYPSOR'CHIS, from /cpus-rw, 'I conceal,' 
 and op-)(^iq, 'a testicle.' Cryptor'chis, Testicon'dus. 
 One in whom the testes have not descended into 
 the scrotum. The state is called, Cryptorchidit'- 
 mus, Parorchid'ium. 
 
 CPtYPTA, from k^vitto;, ' concealed.' Follic'- 
 idose gland, Lacu'na, Follic'ulus, (F.) Crypte, 
 Follicule. A cryjyt or follicle is a small, round- 
 ish, hollow body, situate in the substance of the 
 skin or mucous membranes, and constantly pour- 
 ing the fiiiid which it secretes on their surfaces. 
 
 The use of the cryptal or follicular secretion, 
 is to keep the parts on which it is poured supple 
 and moist, and to preserve them from the action 
 of irritating bodies with which they have to come 
 in contact. 
 
 The little rounded appearances at the ends of 
 the small arteries, in the cortical substance of the 
 kidney, are also called Cryjjtce. 
 
 CRYPTyE SEBACE^, Sebaceous glands. 
 
 CRYPTE, Crypta. 
 
 CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS, from kowtow, 'con- 
 cealed,' and KcipaXt], 'head.' A monster whose 
 head is excessively small, and does not appear 
 externally.— G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 CRYPTOCOCCUS, Fermentum, Torula cere- 
 visiffi. 
 
 CRYPTODID'YMUS, Foetus infcetu. A mon- 
 strosity, in which one foetus is found contained 
 in another. 
 
 CRYPTO G'AMOUS, Cryptogam'ic, Crypto- 
 gam' icus ; from KpvTTTos, 'concealed,' and ya/xos, 
 'marriage.' An epithet applied by botanists to 
 plants whose organs of fructification are concealed 
 or not manifest. Ag'amous plants are those whose 
 sexual organs are not known. 
 
 CRYPTOPY'IC, CryiJtojiy'icus, from k^vt-ui, 
 'I conceal,' and ttvov, 'pus.' A state of disease, 
 kept up by an occult abscess. 
 
 CRYPTOPYICUS. Cryptopyie. 
 
 CRYPTORCEIDISMUS, see Crypsorchis, 
 
 CRYPTORCHIS, Crypsorchis. 
 
 CRYPTS OF LIEBERKUHN, see Intestine 
 — e. Synovial, Bursa) mucoste. 
 
 CRYSTAL, MINERAL, Potassaj nitras fusu« 
 sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
 
 CRYSTAL'LI. Vesicles filled with a watery 
 fluid. They are also called crystal' lince. Pro- 
 bably the pemphigus of modern writers. 
 
 Crystalli 'LvfiJE, Argenti nitras. 
 
 CR YSTALLIN, Crystalline. 
 
 CRYSTAL'LINA, from K^vuraWoi, 'crystal.' 
 A vesicle or phlyeta?na, filled with serum, and 
 appearing on the prepuce or in the vicinit}' of the 
 anus, surrounded by a reddish extravasated aure- 
 ola. It may be syphilitic or not. See Crystalli. 
 
 Crystallina Tuxica, Arachnoid membrane. 
 
 CRYS'TALLINE, Crystal'linus. Having the 
 appearance of crystal. 
 
 Crys'tallixe, Crys'talline humour, C. Lena, 
 Crys'talline body, Crystal'linus, Lens crystal'lina. 
 Lens crystallo'i'des vel Corpus Crystal' linnm, 
 DiscoVdes, C. Crystallo'i'des, C. Phacoi'des, Hu- 
 mor crystal'linus, IT. glacia'lis, Phace, Phacca 
 Pha^HSf Gemma Ocxdi, (F.) CristaUin ou C'-ystal 
 
CRTSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS 
 
 257 
 
 CUCUMI3 
 
 lin, TTumeur crystaUine, Corps crystallin, Lentille 
 ery»taUine. A lenticular, transparent body, situ- 
 ate between the vitreous and aqueous humours 
 of the eye, at the union of the anterior third with 
 the two posterior thu-ds of the organ. It is com- 
 posed of a soft exterior substance ; and an inte- 
 rior, forming a solid nucleus, in which a number 
 of elliptical layers is perceptible. It is con- 
 tained in a capsule, called Tu'nica ara'nea vel 
 erystnl'lina, Cap'sula lentis, and receives, at its 
 posterior surface, a small branch of the central 
 artery of the retina, which is always readily dis- 
 tinguishable in the foetus, prior to the seventh 
 month of utero-gestation. 
 
 The use of the crystalline is to refract the rays 
 of light, and to serve as an achromatic glass : for 
 which its laminae or layers, increasing in refrac- 
 tive power from the circumference to the centre, 
 admirably adapt it. 
 
 CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS. see Phacitis. 
 
 CRYSTALLIOjST, Plantago psyllium. 
 
 CRYSTALLITIS, Phacitis. 
 
 ORYS'TALLOID, CrystalloVdes, from xpvuraX- 
 Xog, ' crystal,' and ciSos, ' form,' ' resemblance.' 
 Resembling crystal or the crystalline. The cap- 
 sule or membrane of the crystalline. Also, the. 
 crystalline itself. 
 
 CRYSTALLUS MINERALIS, Potassse nitras 
 fusus sulphatis paueillo mixtus. 
 
 CRYTHE, Hordeolum. 
 
 CTEDON, Fibre. 
 
 CTEIS, Pubes. 
 
 CTESIPHON'TIS MALAG'MA. A plaster 
 employed and described by Celsus. 
 
 CUBA, see Havana. 
 
 CUBAL SINI, Piper cubeba. 
 
 CUBATIO, Decubitus. 
 
 CUBEBA, Piper Cubeba. 
 
 CUBIPORMIS, Cuboid. 
 
 CUBIT, Ulna— c. Top of the, Olecranon. 
 
 CU'BITAL, Ciibita'lls, Ulnar, Ulna'ris. Con- 
 nected with or relating to the cubitus, or to the 
 inner and posterior part of the forearm. 
 
 Cubital Arteey, Arte'ria cubita'lis, A. ulna'- 
 ris, arises from the humeral a little below the 
 -bend of the elbow ; proceeds along the anterior 
 and inner part of the forearm ; passes anterior to 
 the ligamentum annulare of the carpus, and goes 
 to form, in the palm of the hand, the siTperficial 
 palmar arch. Besides the numerous muscular 
 branches, which it gives oil in its course, it sends 
 posteriorly the common trunk of the interosseons 
 arteries, and internally, the two cnhital recur- 
 rents, anterior and posterior, — articular branches, 
 which anastomose on the inside of the elbow with 
 the divisions of the humeral artery. 
 
 Cubital Muscles are two in number. 1. The 
 Oubita'lis ante'rior, C. inter' nus. Flexor carpi 
 ulna'ris, Ulna'ris inter'nus, Epitrockli-ciibito-car- 
 pien, Gabito-carpicn — (Ch.), is along muscle, 
 situate at the anterior and inner part of the fore- 
 arm. It arises from the inner condyle of the os 
 humeri, at the inner side of the olecranon, and 
 from the posterior edge of the ulna, and is in- 
 serted by a tendon into the os pisiforme. Its 
 use is to bend the hand on the forearm, by di- 
 recting it slightly inwards. 2. The Cubitalis 
 poste'rior seu exter'nus, Exten'sor Garpi ulna'ris, 
 Ulna'ris exter'nus, Gubite'us exter'nus, Cubito- 
 sus-metaearpien — (Ch.), is situate at the posterior 
 part of the forearm. It arises from the external 
 condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into the 
 superior extremity of the fifth bone of the meta- 
 carpus. Its use is to extend the hand, inclining 
 it a little inwards. 
 
 Cubital I^erve, Ulnar nerve, Cubito-digital — 
 (Ch.), is furnished by the last two or three nerves 
 of the brachial plexus, and is distributed to the 
 17 
 
 inner and anterior side of the forearm ; to the 
 inner part of the palm and of the back of the 
 hand, and to the last two or three fingers. 
 
 Cubital Veins, deep-seated, and the Recur- 
 rent cubital veins, accompany the corresponding 
 arteries. The superficial cubital veins belong to 
 the basilic. Chaussier calls them cuta'neous cu- 
 bital. 
 
 CUBITALE (OS), Cuneiform bone. 
 
 CUBITALIS RIOLANI, see Anconeus. 
 
 CUBITEUS EXTERNUS, see Cubital muscles. 
 
 OUBITO-CARPIEN, see Cubital muscles— c. 
 Gutane (nerf), Cutaneous nerve — c. Phalanget- 
 tien commun. Flexor profundus perforaus — e. 
 Radi-sus-metacarpien du pouce, Abductor longus 
 poUicis — c. Radial, Pronator radii quadratus. 
 
 CUBITO-SUPRAPALMA'RIS. Belonging 
 to the cubitus and to the supra-palmar or dorsal 
 surface of the hand. Chaussier gives this name: 
 1. To a small artery, which is given off by the 
 cubital or ulnar, a little above the wrist. 2. To 
 a vein, which accompanies this artery. 
 
 GUBITO-SUS-METAGARPIEN, see Cubital 
 muscles — c. Sus-metacarpien du pouce, Abductor 
 longus pollicis — c. Stis-Phalangettien de I'index, 
 Extensor proprius indicis — c. Sus-pJialangettien 
 du pouce, E. longus pollicis — c. Sus-pTialangien 
 du pouce, E. pollicis brevis. 
 
 CU'BITUS, KvliiTov, Cy'biton. The Elboiv. 
 Also, one of the bones of the forearm. See Ulna, 
 and Forearm. 
 
 Cubitus, (F.) Goud^e, the ancient name of a 
 measure 18 inches long. 
 
 Cubitus Supinus, see Decubitus. 
 
 CU'BOID, Cuboi'des, Guboi'dens, Cubo'dos, 
 Gubifor'mis, Cyboi'des, GyrtoVdes, Grandino'svm 
 Os, Tes'sara, Tessera os, Os va'rium, from kv^o;, 
 'a cube,' and uios, 'form.' Having the form of 
 a cube. This name was given, by Galen, to one 
 of the bones of the tarsus, and is still retained. 
 It is situate at the anterior and outer part of the 
 tarsus ; and is articulated, behind, with the cal- 
 eaneum ; be/ore, with the last two metatarsal 
 bones, and loithin, with the third os cuneiforme, 
 and sometimes with the scaphoides. Its inferior 
 surface has an oblique groove for the tendon of 
 the peroncus loiiqus. 
 
 CUCKOO FLOWER, Cardamine pratensis. 
 
 CUCKOW BREAD, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 CUCKOW PI^^T. Arum maculatum. 
 
 CUCU'BALUS BBHEN, Rehen officina'rum 
 seu vulga'ris, Sile'ne injla'ta seu crassifo'lia seu 
 Tho'rei, Visca'go behen. This plant was once 
 considered alexipharmic and cordial. It is the 
 Spatlinq Poppy. 
 
 CUCtlLLARIS, Trapezius. 
 
 CUCULA'TUM MAJU.S. A barbarous term, 
 used by Ruland, for brandy and spirit of wine. 
 
 CUCULLATA, Sanicula. 
 
 CUCULLUS, Gouvrechef, Cucupha, Infundi- 
 bulum of the cochlea. 
 
 CUCULUS, Coccyx, Pertusste. 
 
 CUCUMBER, Cucumis sativus — c. Indian, 
 Medeola Virginica — c. Squirting or wild, Momor- 
 diea elaterium-^c. Star, one-seeded, Sycios angu- 
 latus — c. Tree, Magnolia acuminata. 
 
 CUCUMER, Cucumis sativus. 
 
 CUCUMIS, Penis — c. Agrestis, Momordieii 
 elaterium. 
 
 Cu'cuMiS Colocyn'this, Citrul'lus Goloeynthis. 
 Ofifieinal names of the Golocynfh or Bitter Appl.i., 
 Golocyn'this, Goloquint'ida, AUwn'dal (Arab.), 
 Bitter Gourd, Bitter Gucumber, (F.) Goloquintf 
 Family, Cucurbitaceffi. Sex. Syst. Monceeia 
 Monadelphia. A Turkey and Cape of Good 
 Hope plant. The spongy part or medulla of th*> 
 fruit, Coloeyn'thidis Pidpa, Gucu'meris Golocyn'- 
 thidis Pulpa, has a bitter, nauseous, and acrimo- 
 
CUCUPHA 
 
 258 
 
 CUMULUS 
 
 nioa8 taste, and is a strong cathartic, acting 
 chiefly on the upper part of the intestines. It is 
 eearcely ever used, except in combination. 
 
 CucuMis Melo. The sytematic name of the 
 Melon Plant, Melo, Common Melon, (P.) Melon. 
 The fruit is an agreeable article of diet, but not 
 very digestible, unless when ripe. The seeds 
 possess mucilaginous properties. 
 
 Cdcumis Sati'vds. The systematic name of 
 the On' cumber plant, C'ucumis, Angou'rion, Citre'- 
 olu«, Cu'cumer or Car'vimer, from its curved 
 shape. (P.) Concombre ordinaire. The cucum- 
 ber is used, when young, as a pickle, when it is 
 called a Gherkin, (F.) Cornichon. It is not a fruit 
 easy of digestion. The seeds are mucilaginous. 
 
 Cdcumis Stlvestris, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 CU'CUPHA, Cu'cullus, Pi'leus, Sac'culus ce- 
 phal'icus. A sort of coif or cap, with a double 
 bottom, between which is enclosed a mixture of 
 aromatic powders, having cotton for an excipient. 
 It was formerly used as a powerful cephalic. 
 
 CUCUR'BITA, d curvitate, owing to its shape. 
 A gourd. See Cupping-glass. 
 
 CucuEEiTA Anguria, C. citrullus. 
 
 Cucur'bita Citrul'lus, C Angu'ria seu pin- 
 nntif'ida. The S3'stematic name of the Water- 
 7!ielon plant; Citrul'lus, Angu'ria, Tetrantju'ria, 
 Sicilian Citrul, Water-7nelon. Family, Cucurbi- 
 taceae ; Sex. Sijst. Monoecia Monadelphia. (P.) 
 Melon d'eau, Pasfeque. The juice of the fruit is 
 very abundant, whence its name. The Water- 
 ntelon is extremely refreshing and agreeable, when 
 made cool, and is eaten like the common melon. 
 It is very much used in the United States. 
 
 CuCDRBiTA Leucaxtha, C. lagenaria. 
 
 Cucur'bita Pepo, Pepo. The sy.'^tematic name 
 of the Common Pompion, Cucur'bita. The seeds 
 of this plant, as well as those of Cucur'bita lage- 
 na'riu. Bottle-gourd, contain a large proportion 
 of oil, capable of forming emulsions ; but they 
 are not used. 
 
 Both the fruit of Cucur'bita Lagena'ria, C. 
 leucan'tha, Pepo lo.gena'rius, (F.) Calebasses, and 
 that of Cucur'bita Pepo, Pepo vulga'ris, (P.) 
 Potiron, Courge, are eaten. 
 
 Cucurbita Pinnatipida, C. citrullus. 
 
 CUCURBITAIN, Cucurbitinus. 
 
 CUCURBITATIO, Cupping. 
 
 CUCURBITE, see Alembic. 
 
 CUCURBITI'NUS, (P.) Cucurbitain. This 
 name was formerly given to the Tcenia solium, 
 because composed of rings which resemble the 
 seeds of the gourd, — cucurbita. The ancients 
 believed, that the rings, which are sometimes 
 discharged, were so many separate worms. See 
 Tajnia. 
 
 CUCURBITULA, Cupping-glass. 
 
 CucuRBiTUL^ Cruentjs, Cupping with the sca- 
 rificator — c. cum Ferro, Cupping with the scari- 
 lleator — c. Siccse, Cupping, dry. 
 
 CUDWEED. Gnaphalium margaritacenm. 
 
 CUILLEREE,^Co<Sh\eMQ. 
 
 'CUIR, Cerium. 
 
 GUISSART. A wooden leg. See Cornu am- 
 monis. 
 
 CUISSE, Thigh, Crus — c. Posle'rieure du cer- 
 celct, Corpus restiforme. 
 
 CUFSSON, (F.) A smarting, burning pain. 
 
 CUIVRE, Cuprum — c. Ammoniacal, Cuprum 
 aramoniatum — c. et Ammoniaque sulfate dc, Cu. 
 prum ammoniitum — c. Limailles de, see Cuprum 
 — c. Sous-acetate de, Cupri subacetas — c. Sulfate 
 dc, Cupri sulpha*. 
 
 CUIVEEUX, (P.) Copper-coloured, (F.) Teint 
 enivreux. A copper-coloured complexion, such 
 as is observed \\x cancerous affections. Syphi- 
 litic ulcers of the throat, Ac, are often copper- 
 ooloured. 
 
 CUJETE, Crescentia cujete. 
 
 CULBIC'IO. A Latin word, employed by 
 old writers as synonymous with ardor urinae and 
 gonorrhoea. 
 
 CULBUTE, (P.) 'A tumble head-over-heels.' 
 A movement which the foetus has been supposed 
 to execute at the end of the 7th month of utero- 
 gestation ; and by means of which, it was pre- 
 sumed, the head presented towards the orifice of 
 the uterus ; a change of situation, which is im- 
 practicable in ordinary circumstances. 
 
 CULCITA SALINA, Halotyle. 
 
 CULEOX, Anus. 
 
 CU'LEUS. A measure containing 20 barrels, 
 or 40 urns, equal to 180 gallons. — Pliny, Gor- 
 rjBus. 
 
 CULEX, (F.) Cousin. A genus of insects, un- 
 happily too well known in almost every part of 
 the world, on account of their bites, which give 
 rise to painful, local inflammation. The gnata 
 and musquitoes belong to this genus. 
 
 CULI FLOS, Cardamine pratensis. 
 
 CULILAWAN, see Laurus culilawan. 
 
 CU'LINARY ART, from culina, 'a kitchen.' 
 Cookery, Res culina'ria. Res coqua'ria, Ars culi- 
 na'ria, A. coqnina'ria, Magei'riee. The art of 
 preparing meats for the table. In judging of the 
 dietetic properties of various kinds of aliment, 
 the culinarj' process to which they have been 
 subjected will always have to be considered. 
 Many of the writers on the culinary art have 
 been physicians. 
 
 CULLITLAWAN. see Laurus culilawan. 
 
 CULMIXATIO, Acme. 
 
 CULTELLAIRE, (P.) from cnltellvs, a 'little 
 knife.' £e cautere cultellaire, known also under 
 the name Couteau de feu, Eire-knife, is used for 
 what the French term the Caiith-e transcurrente. 
 (See Cauterization.) It is shaped like a small 
 hatchet. 
 
 CULTELLUS, Culter, Knife— c. Anceps, Knife, 
 double-edged — c. Uncus, Knife, crotchet. 
 
 CULTEPi, Cultel'lus, from colo, cidtum, '1 cul- 
 tivate.' A coulter,. a. knife, scalpel, macJice'ra, 
 tnachce'rion, 'machcs'ris. Also, the third lobe of 
 the liver, so called from some fancied resemblance. 
 — Theophilus Protospatarius. 
 
 Culter Curvus, Knife, crooked — e. Faleatus, 
 Knife, crooked — c. Lenticularis, Knife, lenticular 
 — c. Rectus, Knife, amputation — c. Tonsorius, 
 Razor, 
 
 CULTRIV'OROUS, Cultriv'ortis, from culter, 
 'a, knife,' and vorare, 'to devour.' Individuals, 
 who have seemed to swallow knives with impu- 
 nitv, have been so called ; — Knife-eaters. 
 
 CULUS, Anus. 
 
 CULVER'S ROOT, Leptandra purpurea. 
 
 CUMAMUS, Piper cubeba. 
 
 CUMIN, Cuminum cyminum — c. des Prts, 
 Carum. 
 
 CUMI'NUM CYMI'NUM. The syistematio 
 name of the Cummin plant, Cumi'num minu'tum 
 seu Roma'mtm, Cymi'num, Cumi'num, Carnoba'- 
 dium. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Penliin- 
 dria Digynia. (P.) Cumin, Anis aigre. The seeds 
 of cummin, which is a native of Egypt, have n, 
 warm, bitterish, disagreeble taste. Vt''ater extracts 
 their odour, and spirit takes up both odour and 
 taste. They are not used, except in a plaster, 
 which bears their name. When drunk in wine, 
 the ancients believed they produced paleneF.«; 
 hence, Horace called cummin cxsangne ; and Ja- 
 venal, pallens. — Dioscoridc.*, Pliny. 
 
 Ci'MiNUJr MiNUTUM, C. cyminum — c. Nigrum, 
 Xigella — c. Pratense, Carum — c. Romanum, C. 
 cyminum. 
 
 CUMMIN. Cuminum cyminum. 
 
 CU'MULUS, 'a heap or pUe.' A rounded pro- 
 
CUNEALIS 
 
 259 
 
 CUPRI 
 
 minenee, in the centre of the proUgerous disk, in 
 which there is a small oj)ake cavity that contains 
 the ovum. See Tacke emhryonnaire. 
 
 Cumulus, Germinal, Tache emhryonnaire — -c. 
 Germiuativus, Tache emhryonnaire — e. Prolige- 
 rus, Tache emhryonnaire. 
 
 CUNEA'LIS SUTU'RA. The suture formed 
 between the great and little alae of the sphenoid 
 bone and the os frontis. — Blasius. 
 
 CUNEEX (F.), Qunea'niis. Relating to the 
 cuneiform bones. 
 
 Articulations Guneennes ; — the joints between 
 the cuneiform bones, as well as between them 
 and other parts. 
 
 Ligaments Cuneennes; — the ligaments which 
 hold the cuneiform bones together. 
 
 CU'NEIFORM, Cimeifor'mis, SphenoVdes, 
 from euneus, 'a wedge,' and forma, 'shape.' 
 Wedge-shaped. This name has been given to 
 several bones. 1. To the sphenoid. 2. To a 
 bone of the carpus, situate between the os lunare 
 and OS orbiculare. It is, also, called Os Pyrami- 
 da'le, Os Triq' uetrum, and Os Ciibita'le. 3. To 
 the basilary process of the occipital bone : and, 
 4. To three of the bones of the tarsus, which are 
 distinguished, according to situation, reckoning 
 from within outwards, into first, second, and third, 
 — or internal, middle, and external; and accord- 
 ing to size, reckoning in the same order, into 
 great, small, and middle-sized. The posterior 
 surface of these bones is united to the anterior 
 face of the scaphoides ; the anterior surface with 
 the corresponding metatarsal bones ; and, in ad- 
 dition, the external surface of the third is articu- 
 lated, behind, with the cuboides. They are also 
 called Chalco'idea or Chalco'idea ossic'ula. 
 
 Cuneiform Cartilages of the Larynx are 
 two small cylinders of fibro-cartilage, about seven 
 lines in length, and enlarged at each extremity. 
 By the base, the cartilage is attached to the 
 middle of the external surface of the arytenoid ; 
 and its upper extremity forms a prominence on 
 the border of the aryteno-epiglottidean fold of 
 membrane. They are sometimes wanting. 
 
 CU':N'E0-CU'B0ID, Cuneo-cuboidcus. Belong- 
 ing to the cuneiform bones and cuboides. 
 
 CuxEO-CuBoiD Articula'tion is formed by the 
 third cuneiform bone and cuboides. It is fur- 
 nished with a synovial capsule, and two cuneo- 
 euboid ligaments : — a. dorsal and a. plantar. 
 
 CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID, Cuneo-scaphoi' des. Be- 
 longing to the cuneiform bones and scaphoid. 
 
 CuNEO-ScAPHOiD Articula'tion is formed by 
 the posterior surfaces of the three ossa cuneifor- 
 mia, and the anterior surface of the scaphoid. It 
 is furnished with a synovial capsule and liga- 
 ments, some of which are dorsal, others plantar. 
 
 CUNILA, Satureia eapitata — c. Bubula, Ori- 
 ganum. 
 
 Cuni'la Maria 'na, Saturei'a organo'i' des, Ca- 
 lamin'tha erec'ta Virginia'na, Ditt'any, American 
 Dit'tany, Mountain Dittany, Mint-leaved Ounila, 
 Maryland Cnnila, Stonemint, Wild Basil, Sweet 
 Horsemint, (F.) Cunile d'Amerique, A small in- 
 digenous herb, growing on dry, shady hills, from 
 New England to Georgia, and flowering in June 
 and July. Its medical properties are dependent 
 Upon essential oil, like the mints. 
 
 CuNiLA, Maryland, Cunila mariana — e. Mint- 
 leaved, C. mariana — e. Muscula, Inula dysente- 
 rica — c. Pulegioides, Hedeoma pulegioides — c. 
 Sativa, Satureia hortensis. 
 
 CUNILAGO, Inula dysenteriea. 
 
 CUNILE L>'A3IERIQUE, Cunila mariana, 
 
 CUNNUS, Vulva. 
 
 CUP, Scutel'la, Catil'lus, PateVla, Excip'ula, 
 (F.) Palette, Poelette, Poilette, Yase d saigner. 
 
 A small vessel of a determinate size, for receiving 
 the blood during venesection. It generally con- 
 tains about four ounces. A bleeding of two cups 
 is, consequently, one of eight ounces. 
 
 CUPIDITAS, Voluntas — c. Desedendi, Vo- 
 luntas desedendi. 
 
 CUPID 0, Appetite. Also, Cupid, the god of 
 love, in ancient mythologj' ; — Beus copiidatio' nis. 
 
 CUPOLA, see Infundibulum of the cochlea. 
 
 CUPPED, see Corium phlogisticum. 
 
 CUPPING, Catacasm'us, from (F.) coiipcr, 'to 
 cut;' or to draw blood in vessels resembling cups; 
 Applica'tio cucurhita' rum seu cucurhitida' mm, 
 Cucurbita'tio. A species of blood-letting, per- 
 formed by a scarificator, and glass, called a cup- 
 ping-glass, Cucurhit'ida, Cucurb'ita, Sic'ua, (F.) 
 Ventouse. The lancets are placed in such a man- 
 ner in the scarificator, that, when it is applied 
 upon the affected part, the whole, are, by means 
 of a spring, pushed suddenly into it. After sca- 
 rification, the cupping-glass, which has been pre- 
 viously exhausted by heat, or by an exhausting 
 syringe, is applied. The pressure of the air 
 within the glass being thus diminished, the ne- 
 cessary quantity of blood may be drawn. See 
 Bdellometer. Dry cupping, Cucurhit'nlce siccce, 
 is the application of the glasses, without previous 
 scarification. (F.) Ventouses seches. It is used 
 to prevent the activity of absorption from any 
 wounded part; occasionally, to excite suppura- 
 tion in indolent abscesses ; and to remove tho 
 pus when an abscess is opened. Cupping, taken 
 without any epithet, means the abstraction of 
 blood by means of the scarificator and cups: — 
 (F.) Ventouses scarifiees, (L.) Cucurbitidm cru- 
 entoB, C. cum Ferro. The verb 'to cup,' signifies 
 to draw blood by cupping. 
 
 CUP-PLANT, Silphium perfoliatum. 
 
 CUPRESSUS, C. sempervirens — c. Arbor vitae, 
 Thuya occidentalis, 
 
 CupRESs'us Semperti'rens, C. pyramida'lis. 
 The systematic name of the Cupres'sus, Cypiaris'- 
 sus. Cypress, (P,) Cypres. The berries, leaves, 
 and wood, have been considered astringent and 
 useful in intermittents. The whole plant abounds 
 with a bitter, aromatic, and terebinthinate fluid. 
 
 CUPRI AMMONIO-SULPHAS, Cuprum am- 
 moniatum — c. et Ammonia3 sulphas. Cuprum am- 
 moniatum — c. Diacetas, C. subacetas, 
 
 CuPRI LimATU'rA, Filings of Copper, ( F, ) 
 Limailles de Cuivre, have been used in hydro- 
 phobia. It has been remarked under Cujjrum, 
 that they are inert. 
 
 CuPBi RuBiGO, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 CuPRi Subace'tas, C. Diace'tas, jErii'go, Ver'- 
 digris, Hispait'ieum vir'ide, Prasi'num viride, 
 Cupri Rubi'go, Crystals of Venus, Vir'ide JE'ris. 
 JEru'ca, Cal'cithos, Subac"etate of Copper, (F.) 
 Sous-acetate de Cuivre, Vert-de-gris, Crystaux de 
 Venus, Verdet. Impure subaeetate of copper. 
 This, as usually met with, is in masses, difficult 
 to break; not deliquescent; foliaceous ; of a fine 
 bluish-green colour, and salt taste. It is tonio, 
 emetic, escharotic, and detergent; but scarcely 
 ever employed internally. Chiefly used in de- 
 tergent ointments. Dose, as a tonic, under 
 J gr. : emetic, from gr, j to gr. ij. Powdered 
 verdigris appears to be the active ingredient in 
 Smellome's Eye-salve, which may be imitated by 
 rubbing half a drachm of finely powdered verdi- 
 gris with a little oil, and then mixing it with au 
 ounce of yellow basilicon. 
 
 An ointment composed of one drachm of finely 
 powdered verdigris, with an ounce of lard or sper- 
 maceti ointment, is used in psoriasis, tetter, &c. 
 
 CuPHi Sulphas, Vitriolum Cupri, Viiriolum 
 Ven'eris, V. Cyp'rium, V. Cyp'rinuin, V. Caru'- 
 
CU?RUM 
 
 260. 
 
 CURSUS 
 
 leum, y. Roma' num, Cuprum VHriola'tinn, Lapis 
 Caru'leus, Sulphate of Copper, Blue Stone, Blue 
 Vitriol, Roman Vitriol, Mortooth, (F.) Sulfate de 
 Guivre, is in rhomboidal, rich, blue, semi-trans- 
 parent, efflorescing crystals. The taste is harsh, 
 Btyptic, and corrosive. It is soluble in four parts 
 of water at 60°, and is tonic, emetic, astringent, 
 and escharotic. As a tonic, it has been used in 
 epilepsy, intermittents, &c. Dose, as a tonic, gr. 
 J to gr. ij, in pUl; as an emetic, gr. ij to x, in 
 ■water. A very weak solution is sometimes used 
 in ophthalmia and in gleet; and it forms the 
 basis of Bates's Aqua, camphora'ta, which has 
 been recommended, diluted with sixteen parts of 
 water, in the purulent ophthalmia of children. 
 
 CuPRi Sulphas Ammosiacalis, Cuprum am- 
 moniatum — c. Vitriolum, Cupri sulphas. 
 
 CUPRUM, Chalcos, uEs, Venus of the Alchy- 
 mists : Copper, Cypj'rium, Vir'ide monia'num, (F.) 
 Guivre. Its odour is peculiar and sensible when 
 rubbed ; taste disagreeable and metallic ; colour 
 red-yellow. S. g. 7.87; ductile; very malleable; 
 less hard than iron ; easily oxidized. In its me- 
 tallic state, it exerts no action on the system. 
 When swallowed, it undergoes no deleterious 
 change. Copper cannot be dissolved whilst tin is 
 in the mixture, and hence the utility of tinning 
 copper vessels. Copper culinary vessels are harm- 
 less under ordinary cleanliness, provided the sub- 
 stances be not suffered to remain in them till 
 cold. The salts of copper are very deleterious. 
 
 CuPRrir Ajimonia'tuit, C. Ammoniaca'le, C. 
 Ammoni'acum, C. ammoni' aco-sulphu'ricnm, Am- 
 vionia'ted Copper, Ammoni'acal Sulphate of Cop- 
 per, Ammoniure'tum Cupri, Sal anti-epilep' ticua 
 of Weissman, Sulfas Citpri ammoniaca'lis, S. 
 ammoni' acm cupra'tuB, Suh-sulfas Amrno'nio-cu'- 
 pricus. Sulfas Cupri et Ammo'nicB, Beuto-Sulfas 
 Gupri et Ammo'nia, Cupri Ammo'nio-sulphas, 
 Ammo'nia Cupro-sulphas, Ammo' nio-sulpJi ate of 
 Copper, (F.) Sulfate de cuivre et d'ammoniaque, 
 Caivre ammoniacal. { Ouj^ri Sulph. ^ss ; Amnion. 
 Garb. ^vj. Rub in a glass mortar till efferves- 
 cence ceases. Wrap the ammoniated copper in 
 bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. 
 Keep in a well-stopped glass bottle. — Ph. U. S.) 
 A crystalline powder of a rich violet colour, and 
 hot, styptic taste. By exposure to air, it becomes 
 partly converted into carbonate of copper. It is 
 tonic and astringent, and has been chiefly em- 
 ployed in epilepsy and other obstinate spasmodic 
 diseases. Dose, gr. i gradually increased to gr. 
 iv, in pill. 
 
 Cuprum Viteiolatum, Cupri sulphas. 
 
 CU'PULAR, Cupula'ris, (F.) Cupnlaire: from 
 cupula, 'a small cup.' Of or belonging to a cupula. 
 
 CuPULAR Caij'tery, Cautere cupidaire, is an 
 iron in the shape of a cupula, formerly used to 
 cauterize the skin of the cranium in certain dis- 
 eases, as epilepsy, chronic headach, <tc. 
 
 CURA, Cura'tio, Merim'na, Merim'ne. At- 
 tention to, or treatment or cure of, a disease. 
 Keuehen defines Cura, 'medicine,' and Curator, 
 ' the physician.' Curatio, also, sometimes means 
 purification ; as, Adeps suilla curata. — Scribonius 
 Largus. 
 
 CuKA AvE:!fA'cEA. A dccoction of oats and 
 succory roots, in which a little nitre and sugar 
 are di&solved. Used as a refrigerant. 
 
 CuRA Dervatita, Derivation — c. Fumigatoria, 
 Thymiatechny. 
 
 CoKA Magna. 'Great cure.' A term em- 
 ployed, at times, for a method of treatment pre- 
 terable to all others. Thus ptyalism has, by 
 Qiany, been considered the "cura magna' for 
 f yphilis. 
 
 CuRA Mebeaxa, Transfusion — c. Palliativa, 
 
 see Palliative — c. Radicalis, see Palliative — e. 
 Revulsoria, see Derivation. 
 
 CU'Pv-ABLE, Sanah'iUs, Aces'toa, Aees'miue, 
 I'ds'imos, (F.) Guerissalle. That which is suscep- 
 tible of cure. An epithet applied to both patients 
 and diseases. 
 
 CURARE, WouraJi, Woorara, Wourari, Won~ 
 raru, Wurali, Urari, Urali, Ourary, Voorarn. 
 A very energetic vegetable poison, employed by 
 the South American Indians to poison their ar- 
 rows. It is said to be obtained from the bark of 
 a species of convolvulus, called Vejuco de Mova- 
 cure, but is referred by Martins to Stryehnos Gvi- 
 anen'sis, and by Dr. Schomburg to S. toxica'na. 
 
 CURA'TIO, Ifede'la, Sana'tio, A'cesis, Al- 
 thex'is, Althax'is, Therapei'a, I'dsis, Curation, 
 The aggregate of means employed for the cure 
 of disease. See Ther.'^peutics. 
 
 Curatio, Cura, Cure — c. Contrariorum per 
 Contraria, Allopathy — c. Morbi per Inediam, 
 Limotherapeia. 
 
 CU'RATIVE, San'ative, Healing, AcesopTio'rm, 
 Aeesino'sus. Relating to the cure of a disease. 
 CuraJive Indications are those which point out 
 the treatment to be employed. Curative Treat- 
 ment, that employed in the cure of disease, in 
 opposition to preservative or prop}iylo.ctic treat- 
 ment. We say, also. Curative Process, Curative 
 Means, &c. 
 
 CURATOR INFIRMORUM, Injirmier. 
 
 CURCULIO, Penis. 
 
 CURCUMA ANGUSTIFOLIA, see Arrow- 
 root — e. Aromatica., Ksempferia rotunda. 
 
 Cur'cuma Longa, Cur'cuma, Amo'mvm. Cnr'- 
 cuma, Borri, Bor'riherri, Cober'ri, (Hindoostan.) 
 Crocus In'dicus, Terra Jfer'ita, Cannac'orus ra- 
 di'ce cro'ceo ; Fa.mily, Amomese ; Sex. Syst. 
 Monandria Monogynia; Mayel'la, Kua Kaha, 
 Gype'rus In'dicus, Kv-cipo; h'iiKo; of Dioscorides 
 (?), Turmeric, (F.) Racine de Safran, Safran des 
 Indes, Souchet des Indes. Turmeric root — the 
 rhizoma of curcuma longa — is brought from the 
 East Indies; but is possessed of very little, if 
 any, medicinal efficacy. It is one of the ingre- 
 dients in Curry Powder, 
 
 Curcuma Zedoaria, see Ksempferia rotunda. — 
 c. Zerumbet, see Ksempferia rotunda. 
 
 CURD, ALUM, Coagulum aluminosum. 
 
 CURDS, Curds of Milk, (F.) Caille, Lait 
 caille. The coagulated part of milk. 
 
 CURE; from cura, 'care.' Aces'ia, A'cesis, 
 Anes'mus, Cura'tio, G. felix, Sana'tio, San'itas, 
 (F.) Guerieon. A restoration to health; also, a 
 remedy ; a restorative. 
 
 CURE-ALL, Geum Virginianum, CEnothera 
 biennis. 
 
 GUREDENT, Dentiscalpium. 
 
 CURE BU RAISIN, Grape-cure. 
 
 CURE-LANGUE, (F.) Lingua- scalpinm, 
 Tongue-scraper. An instrument of ivory, tor- 
 toise-shell, &c., shaped like a knife or rasp, for 
 removing the mucous coating which covers the 
 to-nsrue after sleep, <fec. 
 
 CURE-OREILLE, Ear-pick. 
 
 CURETTE, Scoop. 
 
 CURMI, Courmi. 
 
 CURRANT, BLACK, Ribes nigrum — c. Red, 
 Ribes rubrum. 
 
 CURRANTS, see Yitis Corinthiaca. 
 
 CURRY or CURRIE POWDER. A condi- 
 ment, formed of various spices, and eaten with 
 rice, particularly in India. The following is one 
 of the forms of its preparation : Sem. coriand. 
 ^xviii, }iip. nigr. ^ij, cnycn. ^}, rad. curcvmtr, 
 sem. cumini, aa ,^iij, sem. f<xnugr. ^\y: mix. 
 
 CURSUMA HyEMORRHOIDALIS HERBA, 
 Ranunculus fiearia. 
 
CUKVAMEN 
 
 261 
 
 CUTANEOUS 
 
 GURSUS, Running — c. Matricls, Leucorrhoea 
 c. Menstruus, Menses. 
 
 CURVAMEX, Curvature. 
 CUBVATEUB DU COCCYX, Curvator Coc- 
 eygis. 
 
 CURVATIO, Campsis. 
 
 CURVA'TOR COCCY'GIS, (E.) Ourvateur du 
 Coccyx. Sommering gives this name to a small 
 bundle of fleshy fibres, which descends on the 
 middle of the coccys, uniting on each side with 
 the ischio-eoccygei muscles. It is a part of those 
 muscles. 
 
 CUR'VATURE, Curvatu'ra, Ciirva'men, Flex- 
 u'ra, Gnamp'sis, from cui'DH*, 'crooked;' Cyrto'- 
 ma, (F.) Courhure. The condition of a line or 
 surface, which approximates more or less to the 
 form of an arc; as the curvatures of the spine, 
 duodenum, stomach, &c. Accidental curvatures 
 of bones are the eifect of rickets, or Mollities 
 ossium. The Greeks called the curvature of the 
 spine, 'v^og, uKoXio;, and Xop^o;, according as the 
 deviation was backwards, laterally, or forwards. 
 CURVE OF CARUS, see Pelvis. 
 CURVED LIXES, (F.) Courbes Lignea. Two 
 crooked lines or projections on the posterior sur- 
 face of the occipital bone. They are distinguished 
 into superior and inferior. Some lines on the os 
 iunominatum are also so called. 
 CURVIMER, Cucumis sativus. 
 CUSCO-CIXCHONIA, Aricina. 
 CUSCUTA, C. Europtea. 
 CuscuTA Chlorocarpa, see C. Glomerata. 
 Cuscu'ta Epith'ymum, C. minor. The system- 
 atic name of the Dodder of Thyme. Epith' ymum-, 
 Epith'ymum Cuscu'ta seu Gre'ticum. A parasiti- 
 cal plant, possessed of a strong, disagreeable 
 smell, and a pungent taste, very durable in the 
 mouth. It was once used as a cathartic in me- 
 lancholia. 
 
 CuscuTA Eueopje'a seu major seu vulga'ris seu 
 tetran' dra seu jiliform'is, Cuscu'ta, Epith'ymum 
 officina'rum, was conceived to possess similar 
 properties. 
 
 CuscuTA FiLiFORMis, C. Europasa. 
 Cus'cuTA Glomera'ta, and Ccscuta Chloro- 
 carpa, Dodder, Araer'ican Dodder, indigenous 
 plants, are bitterish, subastringent, tonic, and 
 anti-periodic. 
 
 CuscuTA Major, C. Europtea — c. Minor, C. 
 Epithymum — e. Tetrandra, C. Europasa — c. Vul- 
 garis, C. Europaea. 
 
 CUSPARIA BARK, see C. Febrifuge— c. Bark, 
 False, Brucea antidysenterica, and Strychnos 
 nux vomica. 
 
 Cuspa'ria Febrif'uga, Bonplan'dia trifo- 
 lia'ta seu angustu'ra, Angustu'ra, Galipa'a fe- 
 brifuga. Order, Rutaceae. The South American 
 tree, which furnishes the Cuspa'ria or Angustura 
 Bark, (F.) Angusture vraie. Quinquina faux de 
 Virginie. According to Dr. Hancock, however, 
 the Angustura bark is derived from GalipcE'a 
 officinalis, Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia, Nat. 
 drd. Diosme* ; and this view has been adopted 
 in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. Its 
 odour is peculiar ; taste intensely bitter and 
 slightly aromatic; pieces thin; externally, gray 
 and wrinkled ; internally, yellowish-fawn ; frac- 
 ture, short and resinous. It yields its virtues to 
 water and to proof spirit. It is tonic, stimulant, 
 and aromatic. Dose, gr. v to xx or more, in powder. 
 CUSPIS. A spear. This name has been 
 given to the glans penis. — Rolfink. It meant, 
 also, a kind of bandage. 
 
 CUSTODIA VIRGINITATIS, Hymen, 
 OUST OS, Vulva. 
 
 CUT, from (F.) couteau, 'a knife,' or from 
 West Gothic, kota, 'to cut;' or from kotttu), '1 
 cut.' CcBsu'ra, Tome, Incis'io, Valnus simplex, 
 Tresis vulnus simplex, Cope, (F.) Coupure. A 
 
 common expression for the division or solution 
 of continuity made by a sharp instrument. 
 
 CUTAM'BULUS, from cutis, 'skin,' and am- 
 bulo, ' I walk.' ' Walking in the skin.' An epithet 
 given to certain parasitical animals, which creep 
 under the skin ; such as the Guinea-worm ; and 
 to certain pains felt between the skin and flesh, 
 as it were. 
 
 CUTANEAL, Cutaneous. 
 
 CUTANEO-SOUBCILIEB, Corrugator su- 
 percilii. 
 
 CUTA'NEOUS, Cuta'neal, Cuta'nevs, (F.) Cti^ 
 tane, from cutis, 'the skin.' Belonging to the skin. 
 
 Cutaneous Diseases, Eniptions, Epiphy'- 
 mata, are the numerous affections of a morbid 
 character to which the skin is liable, — Dermato- 
 pathi'a, Dermato'ses. s 
 
 Chronic cutaneous diseases may be thus classified: 
 Urticaria. 
 
 1. Exanthematous ■{ Roseola. 
 Erythema. 
 Pemphigus. 
 
 2. Vesicular -! |^g^;_ 
 
 Eczema. 
 Impetigo. 
 
 3. Pustular ■{ Ecthyma. 
 
 ■ ( Scabies. (?) 
 
 r Lichen. 
 
 4. Papular -I Strophulus. 
 
 ( Prurigo. 
 f Lepra. 
 
 5. Squamous ■! Psoriasis. 
 
 ( Pityriasis, 
 f Acne. 
 I Sycosis. 
 
 6. FoUiculous .... -! Ichthyosis. 
 Trichosis. 
 Favus. 
 
 Cutaneous Exhalation and Absorption are 
 those which take place from the skin. 
 
 Cutaneous, Middle Posterior, see Sciatic 
 nerve, lesser. 
 
 Cutaneous Nerves, Cutaneal Nerves, bo 
 called, of the upper extremity, are two in num- 
 ber. They are given off from the brachial plexus. 
 The internal cutaneous, Cuhito-cutane, (Ch.,) de- 
 scends along the inner part of th'e arm, and di- 
 vides above the elbow into two branches ; the 
 outermost of which follows the outer edge of the 
 biceps, and spreads over the anterior and inner 
 part of the forearm ; and the innermost accom- 
 panies the basilic vein, passing to the correspond- 
 ing side of the hand and little finger. The exter- 
 nal cutaneous, Badio-cutane (Ch.,) Mus'cido-Cu- 
 ta'neui, Per'forans Casse'rii, passes outwards, 
 perforates the coraco-brachialis ; descends along 
 the anterior and outer part of the arm ; passes 
 as far as the middle fold of the elbow under the 
 median cephalic ; and descends along the ante- 
 rior and outer edge of the forearm. At some 
 distance above the wrist, it divides into two 
 branches ; an outer, which is distributed on the 
 back of the hand, the thumb and index finger; 
 and an inner, which descends on the muscles of 
 the thumb into the palm of the hand, and divides 
 into fine filaments, which may be traced to the 
 fingers. 
 
 Cutaneous nerves. Middle cutaneous, two in 
 number, are branches of the crural or femoral 
 nerve. They are distributed to the integument 
 of the middle and lower part of the thigh and of 
 the knee. 
 
 Nervus Cutaneus 3finor, Lesser internal cutu 
 neous nerve. Nerve of Wrisberg, takes its origin 
 from the axillary plexus, but is more particu- 
 larly connected with the ulnar nerve. It soou 
 separates from the ulnar, running afterwards be- 
 tween it and the inner side of the arm. A littla 
 
CUTCH 
 
 262 
 
 CTCLTTS 
 
 /elow fhe axilla it divides into two branches, 
 vrhich are distributed to the arm. 
 
 Chaussier calls the cephalic and haailic veins 
 Uie Radial and Cubital Cutaneous. 
 
 CUTCH, Catechu. 
 
 CUTI, Catechu. 
 
 CUTICULA, Epidermis. 
 
 CUTIO, Oniscus. 
 
 CUTIS, Pellis, Pella, Co'rium, Derma, Deris, 
 Anthro'pe, Anthro'pen, Skin, (F.) Peau. A dense, 
 resisting membrane, of a flexible and extensible 
 nature, which forms the general envelope of the 
 body ; and is contisauous with the mucous mem- 
 branes, through the different natural apertures. 
 It is generally considered to be formed of three 
 distinct layers — the epidermis, rete or more pro- 
 perly corpus niucosum, and corium. Some anato- 
 mists, however, separate it into several others. 
 Its outer surface is covered by a number of small 
 eminences, called papillae, which are generally 
 regarded as essentially nervous and vascular. 
 The skin is our medium of communication with 
 external bodies. It protects the subjacent parts ; 
 is the seat of touch, and through it are exhaled 
 the watery parts of the blood, which are not 
 needed in the nutrition of the body. The state 
 of the skin, as regards heat and dryness, affords 
 useful information in pathological investiga- 
 tions. Its colour, too, requires attention : the 
 paleness of disease is as characteristic as the rosy 
 complexion of health. The colour of the skin 
 varies according to the age, sex, &c. As a 
 general rule, it is finer in the female and child 
 than in the male and adult. In old age it be- 
 comes light-coloured, thin, and dry. It likewise 
 varies according to the races, <fec. 
 
 Cutis Ansbrina, Horrida cutis — e. Carnosa, 
 Panniculus earnosus — c. Extima, Epidermis^ — c. 
 Linguae, see Tongue — c. Suilla, Couenne — c. 
 Summa, Epidermis — c. Tensa Chronica, Indura- 
 tion of the cellular tissue — c. Ultima, Epidermis. 
 
 CUTITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflammation. 
 
 CUTTING ON THE GRIPE, see Lithotomy. 
 
 CUTTLE FISH, Sepia. 
 
 CUTTUBUTH, Cutubvth, Leiicomo'ria,^ Me- 
 lanehol'ia er.rahund' a. The Arabian physicians 
 gave this name to a species of melancholy, ac- 
 companied with so much agitation, that the pa- 
 tients cannot remain tranqiiil for the space of an 
 hour. 
 
 CUURDO CANELLA, Laurus einnamomum. 
 
 CYANODERMIA, Cyanopathy. 
 
 CYAN'OGEN, (F.) Cyanoglne ; from Kvavo?, 
 'blue,' and ytwaia, 'I generate.' So called from 
 its being an ingredient in Prussian blue. It 
 forms, with oxygen, the cyanic and other acids ; 
 with hydrogen, the hydrocyanic acid. 
 
 CYANOP'ATHY, Cyanopathi'a, Ci/ano'sis, 0. 
 cardi'aca, Cyanoder'mia,Aeleitro-cardia (Piorry), 
 HcBmato-cyano' sis, Kyano'sis, Morbus cceru'leiis, 
 Ccerulo'sis neonato'rum, from Kvavog, 'blue,' and 
 Tra-Sof, 'affection.' (F.) Cyanose, Ilaladie bleu, 
 Jctere blew. A disease in which the surface of 
 the body is coloured blue. It is often symptom- 
 atic, and commonly depends on a direct com- 
 munication between the cavities of the right 
 and left side of the heart. Such communication 
 does not, however, always occasion the blue dis- 
 ease, but it is generally thought that the disease 
 never exists without this state of parts ; or with- 
 out some obstacle to the eircvilation in the right 
 side of the heart. The blueness does not seem 
 to be owing to the admixture of black and red 
 blood. A child affected with blueness is said to 
 be cyanosed, (F.) Cyanose. 
 
 CYANOSE, Cyanosis. 
 
 CYANOSE, see Cyanosis, 
 
 CYANOSIS, Cyanopathy— c. Pulmonalis, Ate- 
 l«ctasif! pulmonunL 
 
 CYANURETUM FERRO-ZINCICUM, Zinci 
 ferro-hydrocyanas. 
 
 CYANUS, Centaurea cyanus — c. ^gyptiaeus, 
 Nymphaea nelumbo. 
 
 Cy'anus SEG"ETTJ5r, Bluebottle, (F.) Bluet des 
 Moissons, Barbeati, Aubifoin, Casse - Lunettes, 
 The flowers of this European plant, when dis- 
 tilled with water, have been used in ophthalmia. 
 
 CYAR, Kvap. ' The eye of a needle,' ' a small 
 hole.' The Meatus andito'rius internus. See 
 Auditory canal, (internal.) 
 
 CYATHIS'CUS, diminutive of KvaSos, 'a bowl.' 
 The concave part of a sound, made like a small 
 spoon, as in the case of the ear-pick. 
 
 CY'ATHUS, 'a bowl.' A measure, both of the 
 liquid and dry kind, equal to about an ounce and 
 a half, or to the tenth part of a pint. According 
 to Pliny and Galen, about 10 drachms. 
 
 Cyathus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the brain. 
 
 CYBE, Head. 
 
 CYBITON, Cubitus. 
 
 CYBOIDES, Cuboid. 
 
 CYCAS CIRCINALIS, see Sago— c. Revoluta, 
 see S.ago. 
 
 CYC'EON, from KVKau), 'I mix together.' The 
 ancient name of a medicine of the consistence of 
 pap, composed of wine, water, honey, flour, 
 barley meal, and cheese. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CYCLAMEN EUROP^'UM, Arthani'ta, A. 
 cyc'lamen, Cyclom'invs, Gyssnn'ihemon, Oysso- 
 phyl'lon, Panis porci'niis, Cas'a?num, Ghyli'ne, 
 ' sow-bread.' Fam, PrimulaccEe. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) Pain du Porcean. 
 The fresh root is said to be acrid, bitter, drastic, 
 and anthelmintic. Dose, ^j. For external use, 
 see Arthanita. 
 
 CYCLE, Cyclus, from kvkXo;, 'a circle.' A 
 period or revolution of a certain number of years 
 or days. The Methodists gave this name to an 
 aggregate of curative means, continued during 
 a certain number of days. Nine was the usual 
 number. 
 
 Cycle, HEBDOjr'ADAL or Hf.ptal. A period of 
 seven days or years, which, according to some, 
 either in its multiple or submultiple, governs an 
 immense number of phenomena of animal life. 
 
 CYCLISCUS, Cyclismus. 
 
 CYCLIS'MUS. A Troch, Trochis'cns. The 
 name, as well as Cyclis'cns, was also 'given to a 
 circular kind of rasp. They have the same ety- 
 mon as cycle. 
 
 CYCLOCEPH'ALUS, from kvk\o;, 'a circle,' 
 and Kc<pa\v, ' head.' A monster whose eyes are 
 in contact, or united in one. 
 
 CYCLOPHOR'IA, from kvk'Xo;, 'a circle,' and 
 (pepoi, ' I bear.' The circulation of the blood or 
 other fluids. 
 
 CYCLO'PIA. Same etymon as Cyclops. State 
 of a monster that has both eyes united into one. 
 Called, also, Monops'in and Bhinencephal'ia. 
 
 Cyclopia GET^iSTOi'DES ; N'at. Ord. Logumi- 
 nosae. A South African plant, the decoction and 
 infusion of which are used as expectorants in 
 chronic bronchitis and in phthisis. 
 
 CYCLOPS, (cdkXuh/', from kvkXo^, 'an orb or 
 circle,' and wi//, 'an eye.' Monoc'ulus, 3fonops, 
 Moriophthal'tnus, ilonoin'matus, Unioc'vhis, Unnn' - 
 ulus. A monster having but one eye, and that 
 placed in the middle of the forehead, like the 
 fabulous Cyclops. 
 
 CYCLOTOjVE, Oyclot'omns, from ku/cXos, 'a 
 circle,' and re/ivctv, 'to cut.' An instrument, com- 
 posed of a ring of gold and a cutting blade, by 
 means of which the hall of the eye can be fixed, 
 whilst the cornea is cut. It was invented by a 
 surgeon of Bordeaux, named Gu6rin, for extract- 
 ing the cataract. It is not used. 
 J CYCLUS, Circulus. 
 
CTDOXIA 
 
 263 
 
 CYNANCHE 
 
 CYDOiSTIA, Pyrus cydonia — c. Maliformis, 
 Pyrus cydonia — c. Vulgaris, Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 CYDONIA'TUM, Cydona'tum, Byacydonites. 
 A composition of the Cydonia mala or quinces, 
 with the addition of spices. — Paulus of JEgina. 
 
 CYDONIUM MALUM, see Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 CYE'MA, Kvn/ia, from kvw, *I conceive.' Con- 
 ception. Liltewise the product of conception. 
 See Embryo and Foetus. 
 
 CYESIOGNO'MON, from kwcth, 'pregnancy,' 
 and yvoiiiwv, 'a sign, a token.' A sign of pregnancy. 
 
 CYESIOGNO'isiS, from Kvvati, ' pregnancy,' 
 and yvwaii, * knowledge.' Diagnosis of pregnancy. 
 
 CYESIOL'OGY, Cyesiolog"ia, from kvijbi;, 
 'pregnancy,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' The 
 doctrine of gestation. 
 
 CYESIS, Conception, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 CYESTEINE, Kiesteine. 
 
 CYLICH'NE, Oylichnis. A pill-bos or earth- 
 enware pot, or small cup; from KuXif, 'a cup.' — 
 Galen, Foesius. 
 
 CYLINDRI, see Villous membranes — e. Mem- 
 branacei renum, see Calix. 
 
 CYL'INDROID, CylindroV deg, from KuXiv^poj, 
 * cylinder,' and uio^, ' form.' Having th^ form 
 of a cylinder. Chaussier calls the Cornu Ammo- 
 nis. Protuberance cylindro'ide. 
 
 CYLINDROIDES, Teres. 
 
 CYLLOEPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 CYLLOPODA. see Kyllosis. 
 
 CYLLOPODION, see Kyllosis. 
 
 CYLLO'SIS, KvWuKTi^. Lameness, mutilation, 
 or vicious conformation. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 See Kyllosis. 
 
 CYLLOSMUS; from (ci^AXo?, 'crooked.' A 
 malformation by defect, vs which the fissure and 
 eventration are lateral, chiefly in the lower part 
 of the abdomen, the inferior extremity of the side 
 affected with the fissure absent, or very little de- 
 veloped. — Vogel. 
 
 CYMATO'DES, Undo'sus, from Kvfia, 'a wave,' 
 and ttiog, 'resemblance.' The vacillating, undu- 
 latory character of the pulse in weak individuals. 
 
 CYMBA, Vulva. 
 
 CYMBALARIA ELATIjSTE, Antirhinum ela- 
 tine — c. Muralis, Antirhinum linaria. 
 
 CYMBALARIS, Cricoid. 
 
 CYMBIFORME OS, Scaphoid bone. 
 
 CYMBOPOGON SCHCENANTHUS, Juncus 
 odoratus. 
 
 CYMINUM, Cuminum cyminum. 
 
 CYNAN'CHE, Angi'na, from «cuuv, 'a dog,' 
 and ayxw, 'I suffocate' (?), Sore Throat, Para- 
 cynan'che, Synan'che, Prtinel'la, Squinan'thia, 
 Empres'ma Paristhmi'tig, Cauma Parigthmi'tig, 
 Igthmi'tis, Paristhmi'tig, Inflammatio Fau'eium, 
 'Dog choak.' Inflammation of the supradia- 
 phragmatic portion of the alimentary canal, and 
 of the lining membrane of the upper part of the 
 air-passages : — (P.) Angine, Esquinancie, Mai do 
 Gorge, Synancie, Squinancie, Kinancie. It com- 
 prises the following chief varieties. 
 
 Ctnanche Epidemica, Cynanche maligna — c. 
 Externa, C. Parotidffia — c. Faueium, C. tonsillaris 
 — 0. Gangrasnosa, Cynanche maligna — c. Laryn- 
 gea, Laryngitis. 
 
 Cynanche Malig'na, C. gangrcBuo'sa, Angi'na 
 ulcero'ga, Fehris epidem'iea cum Angi'nd, Em- 
 pres'ma Paristhmi'tig Ilalig'na, Tonsilla' rum gan- 
 grce'na, Tonsil'lcB pestilen'tes, Cynanche epidem'- 
 iea, G. pur' puro-parotidce' a, Cynanche ulcero'ga, 
 Epidem' ica gutturis lues, PestHens fan' cium affec'- 
 tns, Pcedan'chone {?), Gangrcena Tonsilla'rum, 
 Ulcus Syriacum, Garrotil'lo, Cnrhun'culns angi- 
 no'sus. Angina ulcuaculo'sa, A. epidem'iea, A. 
 gangraeno'sa, A. malig'na, A. fau'eium malig'na, 
 Isthmoty'phus, Putrid, Ulcerous Sore Throat, 
 Gangrenoui Inflammation of the Pharynx, (F.) 
 
 Angine gangrineuae, A. Maligne. It is charac- 
 terized by crimson redness of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the fauces and tonsils; ulcerations, co- 
 vered with mucus, and spreading sloughs, of an 
 ash or whitish hue ; the accompanying fever ty- 
 phus. It is often epidemic, and generally conta- 
 gious; and is frequently found aeeompanyinfi 
 scarlet fever, — giving rise to the variety. Scarla- 
 tina maligna. Cynanche maligna has been mado 
 to include both diphtheritic and gangrenous pha- 
 ryngitis. See Pharj'ngitis, diphtheritic. 
 
 The general treatment is the same as in typhus; 
 and stimulant antiseptic gargles must be used, 
 consisting, for example, of the decoction of baxk 
 and muriatic acid. 
 
 Cynanche Maxillaris, c. Parotidsea — c. (Eso- 
 phagea, (Esophagitis. 
 
 Cynanche Parotid jE'a, Empres'ma Paroti'tis, 
 Parotitig, P. epidem'iea, P. erysipelato'sa, P. 
 contagio'sa, P. spu'ria, P. sero' so-glu' tine tii'mens, 
 Parot'ia, Parotidi'tis, Cynan'che Parotides, C. 
 exter'na. Angina maxilla'rig, Gissa, Angina ex- 
 terna, Angi'na parotide' a exter'na, Eryihrochce' - 
 ras, Cynan'che maxilla' ris, Genyoeynan'che, Gva- 
 thocynan'che, Inflamma'tio paro'tidum, Infla'tio 
 paro'tidum, Catar'rhus Bellinsula'nus, Branlca 
 (Scotch), Ifunips, (F.) Inflammation de la Paro- 
 tide, Oreillons, Ourles. The characteristic symp- 
 toms are : — a painful tumour of the parotid gland, 
 or of the cellular tissue surrounding it, or of both, 
 not of the suppurative kind; frequently extend- 
 ing to the maxillary gland. It is very conspicu- 
 ous externally, and is often accompanied with 
 swelling of the testes in the male, and of the 
 mamm^ in the female ; the testes being some- 
 times absorbed afterwards. It is generally epi- 
 deiiiic, and apparently contagious. (?) The treat- 
 ment is very simple; the adoption merely of the 
 antiphlogistic plan, under which it usually soon 
 disappears. When inflammation of the mammts 
 or testes supervenes, it must be treated as if idio- 
 pathic. 
 
 Epidem'ic Paroti'tis or Slumps is also termed 
 Paroti'tis polyvior'pTia, P. ep>idem'ica, P. spe- 
 cif 'ica. 
 
 Cynanche Phaeynge'a, Empres'ma Paris- 
 thmi'tis Pharyngea, Isthmi'tia, P}:aryngi'tis, In- 
 fla.mma'tio Pharyn'gig, Parasynan'che, AnginoR 
 inflammatorifE, Sp. iv. — (Boerhaave.) (F.) An- 
 gine Pharyngee, Catarrhe pharyngien. Inflam- 
 mation of the pharynx. 
 
 This disease can hardly be said to differ, in 
 pathology or treatment, from Cynanche tonsil- 
 laris. The same may be remarked of the Cynan- 
 che CEsophage'a, (Esojihagi'tig. 
 
 Cynanche Prunella, C. Tonsillaris — c. Pur- 
 puro-parotidsea, Cynanche maligna — c. Simplex, 
 Isthmitis — c. Stridula, C. traehealis. 
 
 Cynanche Tonsilla'ris, Emprcama Paria- 
 thmi'tia Tonsilla'ris, Synan'che, Cynan'che fav- 
 cium Amygdalitis, Brand, Branehi, Hyan'che, 
 Tonsilli'tis, Cynanche Prunel'la, Paristh'mio, 
 Paristhmi'tig, Dyspha'gia inflammato'ria, Atiti- 
 adi'tis. Angina inflammato'ria, A. cum, tumo're. 
 A. tonsilla' ris, A. Synocha'lis, A. Sanguin'ca, A. 
 vera et legit'ima, Inflamma'tio Tonailla' rum. An • 
 tiadon' ctia inflammato' riua, Inflammatory Sore 
 Throat, Common Squinancy, Squinsy or Qui)isy, 
 (F.) Amygdalite, Inflammation dea Amygdalec. 
 Angine tonsillaire, Pharyngite tonsillaire, Esqui- 
 nancie, Squinancie, Catarrhe guttural, Angine gut- 
 tnrale inflammatoire. The characteristic symp- 
 toms of this affection are, swelling and floria 
 redness of the mucous membrane of the fauces, 
 and especially of the tonsils : painful and im- 
 peded deglutition, accompanied with inflamma- 
 tory fever. It is generally ascribed to coli, and 
 is one of the most common affections of cold auJ 
 
CYNANCHICA 
 
 264 
 
 CYOTROPHT 
 
 temperate climates. It usua.lly goes off by reso- 
 lution, but frequently ends in suppuration. 
 
 Common sore throat is an affection of no con- 
 sequence. It requires merely rest, and the ob- 
 servance of the antiphlogistic regimen. When 
 more violent, — in addition to this, — bleeding, 
 local or general, or both, — purgatives, inhalation 
 fif the steam of warm water ; acid, or emollient 
 gargles ; rubefacients externally, or sinapisms or 
 blisters. When suppuration must inevitably 
 <;ccur, the continued use of the inhaler must be 
 r.dvised, and an opening be made into the abscess 
 as soon as pus shall have formed. If the patient 
 he likely to be suffocated by the tumefaction, 
 bronchotomy may be necessary. 
 
 Cynanche Trachea'lis; the Cynancke laryn- 
 ge'a of some, Suffoca'tio atrid'ula, Angi'na perni- 
 cio'sa, Asthma infan'tum, Cynanche strid'ula, Ca- 
 tar'rhus suffocati'vus Barbaden'sis, Angina poly- 
 po'sa sive memhrana'cea sive pulpo'sa, Empres'- 
 tiia Bronchi' tis, E. Bronchlemmi'tis, Angina in- 
 Jlammato'ria, A. suffocato'ria, A. atrepito'sa, 
 Angina canina, A. exsudato'ria, Laryngi'tia et 
 Trachei'tis infan'tilis, Laryngos'tasis seu La- 
 ryngo-trachei'tis, Laryngo-tracheitia with diph- 
 therit'ic exuda'tion, Laryngoc' ace, Orthopnce' a cy- 
 nan'chica, Cynanchorthopnoe'a, Pmdanchone {?), 
 A. Traehea'lis, Morbus Strangulato' rins, Trachi'- 
 tis, Trachei'tis, Tracheli'tis, Diphtheri'tis traehe- 
 a'lis, Expectora'tio Sol'ida, Cauma Bronchi'tis, 
 Oroup, Roup, Hives, Choak, Stuffing, Rising of 
 the lights, (F.) Angine laryngee et tracheale, La- 
 ryngite avec production de/atisses membranes, La- 
 ryngite pseudo-membraneuse. A disease charac- 
 terized by sonorous and suffocative breathing; 
 harsh voice ; cough, ringing, or like the barking 
 of a dog ; fever, highly inflammatory. It is *pt 
 to be speedily attended with the formation of a 
 false membrane, which lines the trachea beneath 
 the glottis, and occasions violent dyspnoea and 
 suffocation, but is sometimes expectorated. The 
 dyspnoea, as in all other affections of the air- 
 passages, has evident exacerbations. It differs 
 in its character in different situations ; being in- 
 finitely more inflammatory in some places than 
 in others, and hence the success obtained by dif- 
 ferent modes of treatment. It chiefly affects 
 children, and is apt to recur, but the subsequent 
 attacks are usually less and less severe. 
 
 As a general rule, it requires the most ac- 
 tive treatment; bleeding from the arm or neck, 
 so as to induce paleness ; leeches applied to the 
 ueek, &o., according to the age, — the warm bath, 
 blisters to the neck or chest, and purgatives. 
 Formidable as the disease may be, if this plan be 
 followed early, it will generally be successful. 
 Many specifics have been recommended, but 
 the search has been idle and fruitless. The 
 majority of cases of what are called croup are 
 not of this inflammatory cast ; but are more of a 
 spasmodic character, and have been termed by 
 the French faux croups, and with us are occa- 
 sionally termed spasmodic croup. They generally 
 yield to an emetic and the warm bath. 
 
 Cynanche Trachealis Spasmodica, Asthma 
 acutum, A. Thymicum — c. Ulcerosa, Cynanche 
 maligna. 
 
 CYNAN'CHICA. Medicines used in cases of 
 quinsy were formerly so called. 
 
 CYANCHORTHOPNCEA, Cynanche tra- 
 oheali'S. 
 
 CYNAN'CIIUM. Same etymon. A genus of 
 plants, Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae, of which the 
 following are used in medicine. 
 
 Cynanchuji Argel, 0. oleajfolium — c. Ipeca- 
 cjanha, Asclepias asthmatica. 
 
 Cynanchum Mojjspei.iacum, Scam'mony of 
 2font^-Uior, The plant furnishes a blackish kind 
 
 of gum-resin, which is purgative, and but litU 
 used. 
 
 Cynanchum Ole^fo'liujt, C. argel, Soleno 
 stem'ma argel, Argel. An Egyptian, Nubian ana 
 Arabian shrub, the leaves of which form a por- 
 tion of most samples of Alexandrian senna. 
 They resemble senna in their action. 
 
 Cynanchum Vincetoxicum, Asclepias vince- 
 toxicum. 
 
 Cynanchum Vojiito'rium, Tpecacuan'ha of the 
 Isle of France. As its name imports, this plant 
 resembles ipecacuanha in properties. It is emetic, 
 in the dose of from 12 to 24 grains of the powder. 
 
 CYNANTHEMIS, Anthemis cotula. 
 
 CYNANTHRO'PIA, from kvo^v, 'dog,' and 
 avSpu)TTos, ' man.' A variety of melancholia, in 
 which the patient believes himself changed into 
 a dog; and imitates the voice and habits of that 
 animal. 
 
 CYN'ARA, C. Scol'ymus, Gin'ara scol'ymvs. 
 The systematic name of the Ar'tiehoke, Alcoc'- 
 alum, Articoc'alus, Artiscoc'cus IcBvis, Costus ni- 
 gra, Car'duus sati'vus non spino'sus, Cinara hor- 
 ten'sls, Scolymus sati'vus, Car'duus sativus, Car- 
 duus domest'icus cap'ite majo're, Carduns al'tilis, 
 (F.) Artichaut. Family, Carduaceae. Sex. Syst. 
 Syngenesia Polygamia aequalis. Indigenous in 
 the southern parts of Europe. Much used as an 
 agreeable article of diet. The juice of the leaves, 
 mixed with white wine, has been given in dropsies. 
 
 CYN'ICUS, Cyno'des, from /cuuv, 'a dog.' 
 Cynic. Relating to, or resembling a dog. Cynic 
 spasm is a convulsive contraction of the muscles 
 of one side of the face, — dragging the eye, cheek, 
 mouth, nose, &c., to one side. See Canine. 
 
 CYNIPS QUERCCS FOLII, see Quercus in- 
 fectoria. 
 
 CYNOCOPRUS, Album grsecum. 
 
 CYNOCRAMBE, Mercurialis perennis. 
 
 CYNOCTONON, Aconitum. 
 
 CYNOCYTISUS, Rosa canina. 
 
 CYNODEC'TOS, from kvo>v, 'a dog,' and Sr,Kt, 
 ' I bite.' One who has been bitten by a dog. — 
 Dioscorides. 
 
 CYNODES, Cynieus. 
 
 CYNODESMION, Frsenum penis. 
 
 CYNODESMUS, Franum penis. 
 
 CYNODONTES, Canine teeth. 
 
 CYNOGLOS'SUM, from kvuiv, 'a dog,' and 
 yXuKTo-a, ' a tongue.' Cynoglos' sum. officina'le seu 
 bi'color, Lingua Cani'na, Hound's tongue, Cabal- 
 la'tion, (F.) Langve de Chien. Family, Boragi- 
 nese. ^a-. Syst, Pentandria Monogynia. It is 
 aromatic and mucilaginous, and has been sup- 
 posed to be possessed of narcotic properties. 
 
 CYNOLOPHOI, Spinous processes of the ver- 
 
 CYNOLYSSA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 CYNOMETRA AGALLOCHUM, Agallochum. 
 
 CYNOMOIA, Plautago psvllium. 
 
 CYNOMO'RIUM COCCIN'EUM, from kvu>v, 
 *a dog,' and/(u)piov, 'the penis.' (F.) Champignon 
 de jlfalte. Improperly called Fungus Jlfeliten'sis, 
 or Fungus of Malta, as it is not a fungus. The 
 powder has been given as an astringent in he- 
 morrhage, dysentery, &c. 
 
 CYNOREXIA, Boulimia. 
 
 CYNORRHODON, Rosa canina. 
 
 CYNOSBATOS, Rosa canina. 
 
 CYNOSORCinS, Orchis mascula. ' 
 
 CYNOSPASTUM, Rosa canina. 
 
 CYON, Kvu)v. The word sometimes signifies 
 the frfcnum of the prepuce; at others, the penis. 
 
 CYOPIIORTA, Pregnancy. 
 
 CYOT'ROPIIY, Cyotroph'ia, Emhryofrophy, 
 Embryotrojih'ia, from icwo;, 'embryo,' and r^oipciv, 
 ' to nourish.' Nutrition of the embryo. Foetal 
 nutrition. 
 
CYPARISSUS 
 
 265 
 
 CYSTIDORRHEXIS 
 
 CYPARISSUS, Cupressus sempervireus. 
 CYPERUS ANTIQUORUM, Lawsonia iner- 
 mis^ — c. Indicus, Curcuma longa. 
 
 Cype'rus Longds, G. Roma'nus, from Kvvapo;, 
 ' a round vessel,' whicli its roots have been said 
 to resemble. Galangale, (F.) Souchet odorant. 
 It possesses aromatic and bitter properties, but is 
 not used. See, also, Dorstenia contrayerva. 
 
 Cyperus Odorus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c. 
 Peruanus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c. Romanus, 
 C. longus. 
 
 Cyperus Rotun'dtjs, G. tetras'tachys, the Round 
 Gj/pe'rus, (F.) Souchet rand. It is a more grate- 
 fully aromatic bitter than the G. longus. 
 
 Cyperus Tetrastachys, C. rotundas. 
 
 CYPHO'MA, Cyfhos, Cypho'sis, Gyrto'ma, Cyr- 
 to'sis, Opisthocypho'sis, from Kv(poi, 'gibbous.' 
 Gibbosity of the spine. See Vertebral Column, 
 &c. Gyrtosis forms a genus in the order Dys- 
 thet'ica, and class Hamat'ica of Good, and is de- 
 fined: 'head bulky, especially anteriorly; stature 
 short and incurvated; flesh flabby, tabid, and 
 •wrinkled.' It includes Gretimsm, and Rickefs. 
 
 CYPHOSIS, Gibbositas, see Hump, and Ky- 
 phosis. ^ 
 
 CYPRES, Cupressus sempervireus. 
 
 CYPRESS, Cupressus sempervii-ens — c. Tree, 
 Liriodendron. 
 
 CYP'RINUM O'LEUM, Oil of Gypress; pre- 
 pared of olive oil, cypress flowers, calamus, myrrh, 
 cardamom, inula, bitumen of Judaea, &c. It was 
 formerly employed in certain diseases of the 
 uterus, pleurisies, &c., and was regarded to be 
 both stimulant and emollient. 
 
 CYPRIPE'DIUM ACAU'LE, Stemless Ladies' 
 Slipper; Moccasin Floiccr ; indigenous; flowers 
 in May and June. The roots are used by steam- 
 doctors in nervous diseases, like valerian. 
 
 Cypripedium Calceolus, C. Luteum — c. Fla- 
 vescens, C. Luteum. 
 
 Cypripe'dium Lu'teum, G. Galee'ohis, G. Fla- 
 ves'cens, G. Pubes'cens, G. Parvifio'rum, Yellow 
 ladies' slipper, 3Ioe'casin fioicer, Yellows, Bleed- 
 ing heart, Atner'ican vale'rian, Yellow umbil, male 
 Mervine, Noah's ark, (F.) Sabot de Venus jaune. 
 An indigenous plant, Nat. Order, Orchidaceaj, 
 which is found all over the United States ; blos- 
 soming in May and June. The root is considered 
 to be antispasmodic, and is used in the same 
 cases as valerian. 
 
 Cypripedium Parviflorum, C. Luteum — e. 
 Pubescens, C. Luteum. 
 
 Cypripedium Spectab'ile, Showy ladies' slip- 
 per, is the most beautiful of the genus. 
 ■ CYPRIUM, Cuprum. 
 
 CYPSELE, Cerumen. 
 
 CYRCEON, Anus. 
 
 CYRTOIDES, Cuboid. 
 
 CYRTOMA, Curvature, Cyphoma. 
 
 CYRTONOSOS, Rachitis. 
 
 CYSSANTHEMON, Cyclamen. 
 
 CYSSARUS, Anus, Rectum. 
 
 CYSSOPHYLLON, Cyclamen. 
 
 CYS'SOTIS, from Kvaos, 'the anus.' The lower 
 part of the rectum : tenesmus. 
 
 CYST, Kyst. 
 
 CYSTAL'GIA, Gystidal'gia, from Kvcrng, 'the 
 bladder,' and a\yos, ' pain.' Pain in the bladder. 
 
 CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA, from/cuirnf, 'a blad- 
 der,' and anence.^jlia'lia, 'absence of brain.' A 
 monstrosity, in which, in place of a brain, a 
 bladder is found filled with fluid. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 CYSTAUCHENOTOM'IA, Cys^ofracAefofom'ta, 
 Cystidotraehelotom'ia, from Kvarts, 'a bladder,' 
 av^iv, 'the neck,' and ro/;j;, 'incision.' An inci- 
 sion into the neck of the bladder. See Lithotomy. 
 
 CYSTAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia vesi'ccB urina'ricB, 
 Callos'itas vesi'ccBj from kvctis, 'bladder,' and 
 
 ai)|i;, 'increase.' Hypertrophy of the coats of 
 the urinary bladder. — Fuchs. See Cysthypersar- 
 cosis. 
 
 CYSTECTASY, Litheetasy. 
 CYSTENCEPH'ALUS, from Kriar,;, 'bladder,' 
 and K£(pu'Xn, ' head.' A monster having a head 
 with a vesicular brain. — G. St. Hilaii-e. 
 
 CYSTEOL'ITHOS, from kvgtis, 'the bladder,' 
 and Xido;, ' a stone.' Stone in the bladder. Also, 
 a medicine, employed to dissolve or break stone. 
 
 CYSTERETHIS'MUS, Vesi'cce Irritabil'iias ; 
 horn. KvcTig, 'the bladder,' and epefli^u, 'I irritate.' 
 Irritability of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTHEPAT'ICUS, frora kvcti?, 'the bladder,' 
 and 'i?7rap, ' the liver.' Belonging to the gaU- 
 bladder and liver. This name was given, for- 
 merly, to imaginary excretory duets for the bile, 
 which were supposed to pass directly from tfce 
 liver to the gall-bladder. 
 
 CYSTHEPATOLITHI'ASIS, C^s<;(^epaio?^/t(' . 
 asis, Gholelith'ia, Gholelithi'asis, from kvctis, 'the 
 bladder,' 'v^^ap, 'the Uver,' and XiSiaats, 'pain 
 caused by a calculus.' The aggregate of pheno 
 mena caused by the presence of biliary calculi. 
 See Calculi, biliary. 
 
 CYSTHITIS, Kysthitis. 
 
 CYSTHUS, Anus. 
 
 CYSTHYPERSARCO'SIS, from Kv<TTig, 'blad- 
 der,' 'virep, 'over,' and trap kuo-jj, 'a fleshy growth;' 
 Excrescen'tia Vesica urina'ria. A fleshy thick- 
 ening of the coats of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTIC, Gys'ticus, from kvctis, 'a bladder.' 
 Belonging to the gall-bladder. 
 
 Cystic Artery, Arte'ria Gys'tica, is given off 
 from the right branch of the hepatic, and divides 
 into two branches, which proceed to the gall- 
 bladder. It is accompanied by two cystic veins, 
 which open into the vena porta abdominalis. 
 
 Cystic Bile. BUe contained in the gall- 
 bladder. 
 
 Cystic Calculi. Calculi formed in the gall- 
 bladder. 
 
 Cystic Duct, Ductus cys'ticus, Mea'txis cys'ti- 
 cus. The duct proceeding from the gall-bladder, 
 which, by its union with the hepatic, forms the 
 ductus communis choledochus. 
 
 Cystic Oxide Calculi, see Calculi. 
 
 Cystic Sarco'ma, of Ab'ernbthy, Empjhy'ma 
 Sarcoma cellulo' sum. Tumour, cellulose or cys- 
 tose; cells oval, currant-sized or grape-sized, con- 
 taining serous fluid; sometimes caseous. Found 
 in the thyroid gland (forming bronchocele,) testis, 
 ovarium, <fec. 
 
 CY'^S'TICA, Gystic Remedies. Such medicines 
 as were formerly believed proper for combating 
 diseases of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTICER'CUS, from /cuanj, 'a bladder,' and 
 KtpKog, ' a tail.' A genus of entozoa of the family 
 of the hydatids, distinguished by the caudal 
 vesicle in which the cylindrical or slightly de- 
 pressed body of the animal terminates. The Gys- 
 ticer'ciis celhdo'scB seu cellulo'sa, Hy'datis Jinna, 
 has been often found in the cellular membrane. 
 
 CYSTIDALGIA, Cystalgia. 
 
 CYSTIDELCO'SIS, from Kvcns, 'bladder,' and 
 'eXKwaig, 'ulceration.' Suppuration or ulceration 
 of the urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTIDEPATICUS. Hepatocystic. 
 
 _CYSTIDEPATOLITHIASIS,CysthepatoIithi.^ 
 asis. 
 
 CYSTIDOBLENNORRH(EA, Cystirrhcea. 
 
 CYSTIDOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhcea. 
 
 CYSTIDOCELE, Cystocele. 
 
 CYSTIDOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis. 
 
 CYSTIDORRHAGIA, Cystorrhagia. 
 
 CYSTIDORRHEXIS Cystorrhexis. 
 
CTSTIDOBRHCEA 
 
 266 
 
 CTSTOSARCOMA 
 
 CY3TID0RRH(EA, Cystirrhoea. 
 
 CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA, Cystosomatoto- 
 niia. 
 
 CYSTIDOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic. 
 
 CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA, Stricture of the 
 urinary bla,dder. 
 
 CYSTIDOTOMIA, Cystotomia. 
 
 CYSTIDOTRACHBLOTOMIA, Cystaucheno- 
 tomia. 
 
 CYSTINURIA, Urine, cystinic. 
 
 CYSTINX, Vesicnia. 
 
 CYSTIPHLOGIA, Cystitis. 
 
 CYSTIRRHAG"IA, from Kvan;, 'the blarlder,' 
 Rnd prjyvvio, ' I break fortii.' Hemorrlictf^e from the 
 bladder, {¥.) Hemorrhagie de la Vessie. By some 
 used synonymously with cystirrhoea. 
 
 CYSTIRRHEUMA, Cystorrheuma. 
 
 CYSTIRRHCE'A, from Kvartg, 'the bladder,' 
 and oeio, ' I flow.' Paru'ria Stillati"tia ilueo'sa, 
 Blennu'ria, Blennorrhce' a urina'lis, B. vesi'cce, 
 Ci/sto-hlennorrhce'a, Cystorrhi^e'a, Cystido-hlennor- 
 rhoe'a, Isehii'ria, Ci/sto-phlegmnt'ica, Tenes'miis 
 Vesi'ccB Muco'sus, Uri'na muco'sa, Cystocatar'- 
 rhus, Cystido-catar'rhus, Cystidorrhce'n, Urocysto- 
 catar'rhus, Dysu'ria Muco'sa, Pyu'ria Mucosa, 
 P. via'cida, P.sero'sa, Morbus cystophlegmat'icus, 
 Catar'rhua vesi'ccB, (F.) Cystite mti.queuse, Flux 
 muqueux de la vessie, Catarrhe vesical, A copious 
 discharge of mucus from the bladder, passing out 
 with the urine, and generally attended with dysu- 
 ria. It is commonly dependent upon an inflam- 
 matory or subinflammatory condition of the lining 
 membrane. The treatment must be regulated by 
 the cause. If it be not produced by an extrane- 
 ous body : the antiplogistic plan, — the exhibition 
 of warm diluents, and keeping the surface in a 
 perspirable state, by wearing flannel, are indi- 
 cated. Some of the turpentines may, at times, 
 be given with advantage; and astringent or other 
 appropriate injections be thrown into the bladder. 
 
 CYSTIS, Follicle, Urinary bladder— c. Cho- 
 ledochus. Gall-bladder — c. Fellea, Gall-bladder 
 c. Serosa, Hygroma. 
 
 CYSTITE, Cystitis— c. Muqueuse, Cystitis. 
 
 CYSTI'TIS, from Kvan?, 'the bladder.' In- 
 Jlamma'tio Vesi'ccB, Empres'ma Cysti'tis, Cysti'tia 
 ti'rica, Uro-cysti'tia, CyatipMo'gia, Cystophlo'gia, 
 r»flammmation of the bladder, (F.) Cystite, In- 
 flnmmatioii de la vessie ; characterized by pain 
 and swelling in the hypogastric region ; discharge 
 of urine painful or obstructed, and tenesmus. It 
 may affect one or all of the membranes; but com- 
 monly it is confined to the mucous coat. In the 
 chronic condition, it appears in the form of cys- 
 tirrhoea. It must be treated upon the same en- 
 ergetic principles as are required in other cases 
 of internal inflammation. Venesection, general 
 and local, the warm bath, warm fomentations, 
 warm, soothing enemata, diluents, &e. Cantha- 
 rides must be avoided, even in the way of blis- 
 ters, unless with precautions, as the disease is 
 often occasioned by them. 
 
 Cystitis Fellea, Cholecystitis — c. Urica, Cys- 
 titis. 
 
 CYSTITOME, Cystit'omus, Kibia'titome, from 
 kkjtti;, 'the bladder,' and rtftvuv, 'to cut.' An 
 instrument, invented by Lafaye, for dividing the 
 anterior part of the capsule of the crystalline in 
 tho operation for extracting cataract. It was 
 formed like the Pharynqotome. 
 
 CYSTOBLAST, Cvtoblast. 
 
 CYSTO-BLENNORRH(EA, Cystirrhcea. 
 
 CYSTO-BUBONOCE'LE, from kxi^tk;, 'the 
 bladder,' ^ov(iov, 'the groin,' and ktjXjj, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Hernia of the bladder through the abdo- 
 minal ring. 
 
 CYSTO-CATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea. 
 
 OYSTOCB'LE, Cystoce'lia, Ciatoce'le, Cifstido- 
 
 ce'le, from kvotis, 'the bladder,' and Kti^ij, 'a tu- 
 mour,' Her'nia veai'ccB iirina'ria. Hernia of the 
 bladder, (F.) Hernie de la Vessie. It is not com- 
 mon. It occurs, most frequently, at the abdomi- 
 nal ring; less so at the crural arch, perlnaum, 
 vagina, and foramen thyroideum. It may exist 
 alone, or be accompanied by a sac, containing 
 some abdominal viscus. The tumour is soft and 
 fluctuating; disappears on pressure, and increases 
 in size, when the urine is retained. It must be 
 reduced and kept in position by a truss. Vagi- 
 nal cystocele is kept in place by a pessary. 
 
 Cystocele Biliosa, Turgescentia vesicula 
 fellea;. 
 
 CYSTODYN'IA, from Kvam, 'the bladder,' 
 and oSvvri, 'pain.' Pain of the bladder; particu- 
 larly rheumatic pain. 
 
 CYSTOID, Cyato'i'deus, Cyst-like, from Kv<rTi;. 
 ' a bladder or cyst,' and u&os, ' resemblance. 
 That which resembles a cyst, as ' cystoid tumour. 
 
 CYSTO-LITHIASIS, see Calculi, vesical. 
 
 CYSTO-LITH'IC, Cyatolith'icus, from kvotis, 
 'the bladder,' and \i5os, 'a stone.' Pi,elating to 
 stone in the bladder. 
 
 CYSTOMA, see Kyst. 
 
 CYSTO-MEROCE'LE, from Kvang, ' the blad- 
 der,' jizpog, 'the thigh,' and K-qXri, 'hernia.' Fe- 
 moral hernia, formed by the bladder protruding 
 beneath the crural arch. 
 
 CYSTON'CUS, from Kmrt?, 'the bladder,' and 
 oyKog, ' tumour.' Swelling of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTOPARAL'YSIS, Cystidoparal'ysia, Cys- 
 tidople'gia, Cyatople'gia, Cystoplex'ia, from Kva- 
 Tig, 'bladder,' and ■aapa'Xving, 'palsy.' Paralysis 
 of the urinary bladder. See Enuresis. 
 
 CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC, Cystophlegmo.t'icua, 
 from /cuo-rif, 'the bladder,' and ip\cyna, 'mucus, 
 phlegm.' Belonging to the vesical mucus. Mor- 
 bus cijstopJilegmat'icua. Cystirrhoea. 
 
 CYSTOPHLOGIA, Cystitis. 
 
 CYSTOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis vesiea'lia, from 
 Kvari;, 'the bladder,' and ^diui, 'I consume.' 
 Consumption from ulceration of the bladder, — • 
 Ul'ceru sen Helco'sis vesi'ccB. 
 
 CYSTOPLAS'TIC, Cystoplas'tieus: from kvoti^, 
 ' the bladder,' and TrXaco-u), ' I form.' An epithet 
 for operations for the cure of fistulous openings 
 into the bladder; sometimes restricted to the euro 
 by translation of skin from a neighbouring part, 
 ' CYSTOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis. 
 
 CYSTOPLEG"IC, Oystopleg"icua. Belonging 
 to paralysis of the bladder; from kvctis, 'the 
 bladder,' and irXtjaau), 'I strike.' 
 
 CYSTOPLEX'IA, Cystoparalysis. 
 
 CYSTOPTO'SIS, from kvcti;, 'the bladder,' 
 and TriTTTeiv, ' to fall.' Relaxation of the inner 
 membrane of the bladder, which projects into the 
 canal of the urethra. 
 
 CYSTOPY'IC, Cystopy'icvs, from Kvarii, 'the 
 bladder,' and wov, 'pus.' Relating to suppura- 
 tion of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHAG"IA, Hcematu'ria cyst'iea, Hcp- 
 morrhag"ia veai'ccB, Strangu'ria ernen'tn, Sau'- 
 guinia fluor vesi'ccB, from (cixjrij, 'the bladder,' 
 and payri, 'rupture.' A discharge of blood from 
 the vessels of the urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHEU'MA, Cyatirrheu'ma, Rheuma- 
 tis'mva vesi'ccB urina'ricB ; from kvcitis, 'the blad- 
 der,' and pcx'ixa, 'defluxion,' rheumatism.' Rheu- 
 matism of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHEX'IS, Cystidorrhtx'is ; from /c«<t- 
 TI5, ' bladder,' and 'prints, ' rupture.' Rupture of 
 the urinarv bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHGEA, Cystirrhoea. 
 
 CYSTOSARCO'MA, from kvotis, 'a bladder or 
 cyst,' and sarcoma. A tumour consisting of a 
 combination of cysts and cystoids, so called by 
 J. Miiller. 
 
CYSTOSOMATOMIA 
 
 267 
 
 DACRYOP(EUS 
 
 CYSTOSOMATOM'IA,Cj/stosomatotom'ia,C!js- 
 tidoaomatotom'ia, from Kuorif, 'the bladder,' ctofia, 
 'body,' and ro^r/, 'incision.' An incision into 
 the body of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic. 
 
 CYSTOSPAS'TIC, Gtjstospas'ticus, from kvcti?, 
 
 ' the bladder,' and o-ttoci), ' I contract.' Relating 
 
 ^ to spasm of the bladder, and particularly of its 
 
 sphincter; — Cijstidospas'mus, Spasmus Vesi'ccB, 
 
 fscJiu'n'a sjiasmod'ica, (F.) Spasme de la Vcssie. 
 
 CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA, Gystidostenocho'ria, 
 Strictii'ra vesi'cm, Vesi'ca sacca'ta. A stricture, 
 narrowness, inequality or saccated condition of 
 the urinary bladder. 
 
 GYSTOTHROM'BOID,C3/.s«o«7i?-om?.o-i'rfe.s,from 
 Kvarts, 'the bladder,' and SpoiJ.,3os, 'a clot.' Relat- 
 ing to the presence of clots in the bladder. 
 
 CYSTOTOME, Cystot'omm, from kvctis, 'the 
 ! ladder,' and Tmvtiv, 'to cut.' An instrument 
 intended for cutting the bladder. Instruments 
 of this kind have been more frequently, although 
 very improperly, called Lithotomes. 
 
 CYSTOTOM'IA, Cystidotom'ia, same etymon. 
 Incision of the bladder. Sectio vesica'lis. Cys- 
 totomia means cutting into the bladder for any 
 purpose; (¥.) Incision de la vessie. Commonly, 
 it is applied to the puncturing of the bladder for 
 the purpose of removing the urine ; whilst Litho- 
 tomy has been employed for the incisions made 
 with the view of extracting calculi from the 
 bladder. See Lithotomy. 
 
 CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystauchenoto- 
 mia. See Lithotomy. 
 
 CYT'INUS, Cytinus ffypocist'is, Jlypoafst'is, 
 As'arwin Hypocist'is. A small parasitical plant, 
 which grows in the south of France and in Greece, 
 on the roots of the woody cistus. The juice of its 
 fruit is acid, and very astringent. It is extracted 
 by expression, and converted into an extract, which 
 was called Succus Hypocis'tidis, and was formerly 
 much used in hemorrhages, diarrhoea, <4;c. 
 
 CYTISFNA, Oytisine. An immediate vege- 
 table principle, discovered by Chevalier and 
 Lassaigne, in the seeds of Cystisns Lahur'num or 
 Bean-Trefoil tree. Family, Leguminosaj. Sex, 
 Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. Cytisine has ana- 
 logous properties to emetine. In the dose of one 
 or two grains, it produces vomiting and purging; 
 and, in a stronger dose, acts as an acrid poison. 
 The seeds of the Cytisns Lahurnum, (F.) Auhours, 
 have been long known to produce vomiting and 
 purging. 
 
 CYTISMA ECZEMA, Eczema— c. Herpes, 
 Herpes. 
 
 CYTISO-GENISTA, Spartium scoparium. 
 
 CYTISUS LABURNUM, see Cytisina— c. 
 Scoparius, Spartium scoparium. 
 
 CYTI'TIS, Scyti'tis, Dermati'tis, Dermi'tis, 
 Cuti'tis, Corii'tis, from Kvrig, 'the skin,' and 
 itis, ' denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of 
 the skin. 
 
 CY'TOBLAST, Cystoblast, from Kvrog, 'cell,' 
 and pXaaros, 'germ.' Cell-germ, Nii'cleiis, (F.) 
 Noyau. A primary grannie, from which all ani- 
 mal and vegetable bodies are presumed to be 
 formed. When the nucleus or cytoblast forms a 
 cell, and is attached to its walls, the germinal 
 cell, thus formed, is called a nucleated celL 
 When the nucleus contains a simple granule, the 
 latter is termed a nucleolus, (F.) Nucleole, Nxi- 
 cleohde. 
 
 CYTOBLASTE'MA ; same etymon. Intercel'- 
 lular suhstance, Hy'aline substance, Suhstan'tia 
 vit'rea seu hyal'ina. Matrix. The gum or mucus 
 in the vegetable, and probably the liquor san- 
 guinis after transudation from the vessels in the 
 animal, in a state fully prepared for the formation 
 of the tissues. — Schwann and Schleiden. By 
 many. Blastema is preferred, inasmuch as it does 
 not convey the idea of cellular development. 
 
 CYTTAROS, Glans. 
 
 D. 
 
 The figure of the Greek A, according to Galen, 
 was the sign for quartan fever. 
 
 DABACH, Viscum album. 
 
 DACNE'RON, ^aKvripov, from 6aKvtiv, ' to bite.' 
 An ancient name for a collyrium, composed of 
 oxide of copper, pepper, cadmia, myrrh, safiron, 
 gum Arabic, and opium. 
 
 DACRY, Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon, inKpv, SaKpviia, 
 oaKovov, 'a tear:' Hence: 
 
 DACRYADENA L 'GIA, Baeryoadenal'gia, 
 from &aKpviD, ' I weep,' a6'iv, ' a gland,' and a\yng, 
 ' pain.' Disease or pain in the lachrymal gland. 
 
 DACRYADENI'TIS, Dacryoadeni'tis : from 
 iaK^va, 'I weep,' a&r]v, 'a gland,' and itis. In- 
 flammation of the lachrymal gland. 
 
 DACRYALLCEO'SIS, from baK^v, 'a tear,' and 
 aXXotwcrtf, 'change.' A morbid condition of the 
 tears. 
 
 DACRYDION, Convolvulus scammonia. 
 
 DACRYGELO'SIS, from baKpvu), 'I weep,' and 
 yiXaw, ' I laugh.' A kind of insanity, in which 
 the patient weeps and laughs at the same time. 
 
 DACRYH^MOR'RHYSIS : from SaKpv, 'a 
 tear,' and 'aiixoppvais, 'hemorrhage.' A flow of 
 bloody tears. 
 
 DACRYNOMA, Epiphora. 
 
 DACRYO ADENALGIA, Dacryadenalgia. 
 
 DACRYOADENITIS, Dacryadenitis. 
 
 DACRYOBLENNORRHCE'A, from SaKpv(o, 'I 
 weep,' pXcvva, 'mucus,' and p£«), 'I flow.' Dis- 
 charge of tears mixed with mucus. 
 
 DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA, from iaKovta, 'I weep,' 
 KvcTTis, 'a sac,' and aXyog, 'pain.' Disease or pain 
 in the lachrymal sac. 
 
 DACRYOCYSTIS, Lachrymal sac. 
 
 DACRYOCYSTI'TIS, from S^Kpvov, 'a tear,' 
 and Kvaris, 'bladder.' Inflammation of the lach- 
 rymal sac. 
 
 D ACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS ; 
 from dacryocystis, the 'lachrymal sac,' cvpiy^, 'a 
 pipe, a fistula,' and KaraKKuuig, 'a locking up.' 
 A term, proposed by Dieffenbach for the healing 
 of lachrymal fistulse by transplantation. The 
 operation consists in paring the edges of the fis- 
 tula, loosening the borders, and assisting the re- 
 quisite tegumental displacement by lateral ■ inci- 
 sions. 
 
 DACRYO'DES, LacTirymo'nts, from iaKp:i(a, 'I 
 weep.' Resembling tears : — tience, Ulcus dacy- 
 o'des. A sanious ulcer, a weeping sore. 
 
 DAC'RYOLITE, DacryoVithus, from ^aKpv^, 
 'I weep,' and "KiQo;, 'a stone.' A concretion 
 found in the lachrymal passages. 
 
 DACRYOLITHI'ASIS ; same etymon as the 
 last. The formation of concretions in the tears. 
 
 DACRYO'MA. Same etymon. The effusion 
 of tears, occasioned by an occlusion of the puncta 
 lachrymalia. — Vogel. 
 
 DACRYON, Tear. 
 
 DACRYOPCE'US, from 5a*:pwM, ' I weep, ana 
 TTojcu, 'I make.' A substance which excites the 
 
DACRYOPS 
 
 268 
 
 DAPHNE 
 
 secretion of tears, — as the onion, horse-radish, 
 i/arlic, &c. 
 
 DACRYOPS, from SaKpvw, 'I weep/ and axp, 
 ' the eye.' A weeping eye. A tumefaction of 
 the lachrymal passages. 
 
 DACPuYOPYORRHCE'A, Pyorrhce'a via'rum 
 Iwhryma'lium, from iaKQv, 'a tear/ -rvov, 'pus/ 
 aud p£u), ' to flow.' A discharge of tears mixed 
 with purulent matter. 
 
 DACRYORRHCE'A, Bacryrrhoe'a, Bacryor'- 
 rhysis, Dacryr'rhysis, from 5a/cpu, ' a tear,' and 
 p£<i), ' to flow.' A morbid flux of tears. 
 
 DACRYORRHYSIS, Dacryorrboea. 
 
 DACRYOSOLENI'TIS, from 5a/cpu, 'a tear,' 
 o-uXi?]/, ' a canal,' and itis, denoting inflammation, 
 lutiammation of the lachrymal ducts. 
 
 DACRYOSYRINX, Fistula lachrymalis. 
 
 DACRYRRHCEA, Dacryorrhoea. 
 
 DACRYRRHYSIS, Dacryorrhoea. 
 
 DACTYLE'THRA, Dactyli'thra, from ^axruAof, 
 'a finger.' A name given by the ancients to dif- 
 ferent topical applications, having the form of a 
 finger, and proper for being introduced into the 
 throat to excite vomiting. 
 
 DACTYLETUS, Hermodactylus. 
 
 DACTYL'ION, Dactyl'ium, from iaKTv\oi, 'a. 
 finger.' The union of the fingers with each other. 
 This affection is generally congenital; but it may 
 be owing to burns, ulcerations, inflammation of 
 the fingers, &c. 
 
 DACTYL'IOS, from &aKTv\o?, 'a finger.' A 
 troch or lozenge, when shaped like a finger. The 
 anus. 
 
 DACTYLITIS, Paronychia. 
 
 DACTYLIUS, from &aKTv\iog, annulus, 'a ring.' 
 
 Dactyl'ius Agulea'tus. a worm of a light 
 colour, annulated, cylindrical, but tapering slightly 
 towards both extremities, from two-fifths to four- 
 fifths of an inch long, which has been found in 
 the urine. 
 
 DACTYLODOCHME, Doehme. 
 
 DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS, from SuktvUs, 'a 
 finger,' aud <Tvn<pv(ni, 'union.' Adhesion of the 
 fingers to each other. _ 
 
 DACTYLOTHE'KE, from baKrv\o;, 'a finger/ 
 and dr)Kri, ' a ease or sheath.' An instrument for 
 keeping the fingers extended when wounded. — 
 Ambrose Pare. 
 
 DAC'TYLUS, Dig"itu8, 'a finger.' The 
 smallest measure of the Greeks, the sixth part 
 of a foot. Also, the Date. 
 
 DiEDA'LEA SUAVEOLENS, Bole'tua seu 
 F%ingiis Sal'icis, Boletvs discoideus seu suaveoletis, 
 Fungus albus sali'getis, (F.) Agaric odorant, Bolet 
 odorant. A champignon, which grows on the 
 trunks of old willows. It has a smell of anise, 
 which is penetrating and agreeable ; and has 
 been recommended in phthisis pulmonalis in the 
 dose of a scruple four times a day. 
 
 D^DALUS, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 DiEDION, Bougie. 
 
 D^MONOMANIA, Demonomania. 
 
 DMS, Taedae. 
 
 DAFFODIL, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. 
 
 DAFFY'S ELIXIR, Tinctura sennse compo- 
 eita. 
 
 DAISY, Cnrysanthemum leiieanthemum, Eri- 
 geron Philadelphicum — d. Common, Bellis — d. 
 Ox-eye, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
 
 DALEY'S CARMIN'ATIVE. A celebrated 
 empirical reme'^y, much used as a carminative 
 for childroti. The following is a form for its pre- 
 paration : (llagneaicB alb. "^ij ; ol. mcnthcB pipi'-r. 
 gtt. j ; ol. nuc. mosehat, gtt. iij ; ol. anisl, gtt. iij ; 
 tinct. castor, gtt. xxx ; tincf. asa/cctid. gtt. xv ; 
 ({net. opii, gtt. v; «p. pulegii, gtt. xv; find, car- 
 dam, c. gtt. xxx; aqucB menthas pip. §ij. M.) 
 
 A Committee of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy recommend the following form : — 
 {AqucB, Ox; Sacchar. alh. ^xxxij ; Carbon. Po- 
 tass, ^ss; Carb. Mag. 5^yj Tinct. Opii. f§vj ; 
 01. menth. pip., 01. Anethi Foenieul. aaf^ij. M.) 
 
 DALTO'NIAN. An absurd name given to 
 one who cannot distinguish colours; because the 
 celebrated chemist Dalton had the defect. See 
 Achromatopsia. 
 
 DALTONISM, Achromatopsia. 
 
 DAMSON, Prunum Damascenum — d. Moun- 
 tain, Quassia simarouba — d. Tree, Prunus do- 
 mestica. 
 
 DANCE, see Mania, dancing. 
 
 DANCING, Salta'tio, (F.) Banse. A kind of 
 exercise and amusement, composed of a succes- 
 sion of motions, gestures, and attitudes, executed 
 by measured steps to the sound of the voice or 
 musical instrument. It is a healthy exercise. 
 
 Dancing Mania, see Mania, dancing — d. 
 Plague, see Mania, dancing. 
 
 DANDELION, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 DANDRIFF, Pityriasis. 
 
 DANDRUFF, Pityriasis. 
 
 DANDY, Dengue. 
 
 DANEVERT, MINERAL WATERS OP. A 
 spring, a league and a half from Upsal, in Swe- 
 den. The waters contain carbonic acid, holding 
 in solution carbonate of iron, sulphate of iron, 
 sulphates of soda and lime, chloride of sodium, 
 and silica. It is frequently employed in medicine. 
 
 DANEWORT, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 DANICH ; an Arabic word, signifying the 
 weight of 8 grains. 
 
 BANSE, Dancing — d. de St. Guy, Chorea— c?. 
 de St. Witt, Chorea. 
 
 DAPHNE, Laurus. 
 
 Daphne Alpi'na, Ohamale'a, Chamala'a, 
 Widoxo wail. Family, Thymelsese. Sex. Syst. 
 Octandria Monogynia. A sort of dwarf-olive. 
 An acrid, volatile, alkaline principle has been 
 separated from the bark of this plant by M. 
 Vauquelin, to which he has given the name 
 Baphnine. The plants of the genus owe their 
 vesicating property to this princijjle. 
 
 BAPHNE BOISGENTIL, Daphne mezereum 
 — d. Flax-leaved, Daphne gnidium — d. Garou, 
 Daphne gnidium. 
 
 Daphne Gnid'ium, B.panicula'ta, Thymela'a, 
 Th. Monspeliaca, Thymele'a, Cneo'ron, Spurge 
 Flax, Flax-leaved Baphne. The plant which 
 furnishes the Garou Baric, (F.) BaphnS Garou, 
 Sain-bois. It is chiefly used, when used at all, 
 for exciting irritation of the skin. The Graiia 
 Gnid'ia, (see Cnid'ia grana,) are acrid poisons, 
 like all the plants of this genus, when taken in 
 quantity. According to others, the garou bark 
 and grana gnidia are obtained from the daphne 
 laureola. 
 
 Daphne Laureola, B. major, Thymelm'a lau- 
 re'ola. The systematic name of the Spurge Laurel, 
 Laureola. The bark of this plant has similar 
 properties to the last. 
 
 Daphne Liottaedi, D. laureola — d. Major, D. 
 laureola. 
 
 Daphne Meze'rettm, B.Liottar'di, Thymela'a 
 meze'reum. The systematic name of the ileut'- 
 reon, Mezereum, Spurge olive, (F.) Ba2)hne Bois- 
 gentil. The bark of the mezereon, Jfezereum, 
 (Ph. U. S.) possesses analogous properties to the 
 other varieties of Daphne. It is considered sti- 
 mulant and diaphoretic ; and, in large doses, is 
 emetic. It has been employed in S3'philitic cases, 
 but its efficacy is doubtful. Soaked in vinegar, — 
 like the other varieties of daphne, it has been 
 emplo5'ed to irritate the skin, especially to keep 
 issues open. 
 
 Daphne Panicitlata, D. Gnidium. 
 
DAPHNEL^ON 
 
 269 
 
 DEAMBULATIO 
 
 DAPHNEL^E'ON, O'lemn Lavri'mim, from 
 la(j>vr;, ' the laurel or bay tree,' and eXatov, ' oil.' 
 Oil of Bay. 
 
 DAPHKINE, see Daphne Alpina. 
 
 DARNEL, Lolium temulentum. 
 
 DARSENI, Laurus einnamomum. 
 
 DARSINI, Laurus einnamomum. 
 
 D ARSIS, from (5ff)a), 'I excoriate,' 'I skin.' 
 The Greek physicians seemed to have used this 
 word to designate the anatomical preparation, 
 which consists in removing the skin for exposing 
 the organs covered by it. 
 
 DARTA, Impetigo — d. Exeoriativa, Herpes 
 exedens — d. Maligna, Herpes exedens. 
 
 DiiBTOS. Same dei'ivation ; Membra'na car- 
 vo'»a, Tu'nica muscula'ris, T. ruhicnn'da, scroti, 
 Mfxrsn'piam musculo' sum ; from Sa^rog, 'skinned.' 
 A name, given to the second covering of the tes- 
 ticle, which the ancient anatomists conceived to 
 be muscular, but which is merely areolar. Its 
 external surface is towards the scrotum ; the in- 
 ternal towarc's the tunica vaginalis. Frederick 
 Lobstein and Breschet consider, that it proceeds 
 from an expasr.ion of the fibrous cord, known by 
 the name Guhtrnacidum Testis. 
 
 DARTBE, Herpes, Impetigo, Pityriasis — «f. 
 Crustacee, Ecthyma impetigo — d. Crustac^e fla- 
 vesoente, Porrigo lupinosa — d. Croilfeuse, Impetigo 
 — d. Ecailleuse, Psoriasis — d. Fonguense, Ecthy- 
 ma — d. Furfuracee arrondie, Lepra, Lepra vul- 
 garis — d. Furfuracee volante. Lichen, Pityriasis 
 — d. Phlycteno'ide, Herpes phlyctcenoides — d. 
 Pnstuleuse couperose, Gutta rosea — d. Ptistuleiise 
 disseminie, Acne — d. Pustuleuse mentagra. Syco- 
 sis — d. Bongeante, Herpes exedens ; see Esthio- 
 menus — d. Sqtinmmeust humide, Eczema — d, 
 Squammeuse lichenoide, Psoriasis — d. Vive, Ec- 
 zema. 
 
 DARTBEUX (F.), Herpetic. Participating 
 in the characters of Dartre or Herpes. Also, one 
 ajfected with dartre. Dartre has been used, at 
 one time or other, for almost every disease of the 
 skin. See Herpes. 
 
 DAS'YMA, from haav;, 'rough,' 'hairy.' A 
 disease of the eye — the same as trachoma, but 
 less in degree. — Aetius, Gorrasus. 
 
 DAS'YTES. Same etymon. Roughness, par- 
 ticularly of the tongue and voice. Hairiness, 
 Hirsu'ties. 
 
 DATE, Pal'mula, Dac'tylus, Bal'anos, Phve'ni- 
 cos, the fruit of the PJiosnix dactylif era seu ex- 
 cel' sa, Palma dctctylifera, (F.) Datte. The un- 
 ripe date is astringent. When ripe, it resembles 
 the fig. The juice of the tree is refrigerant. 
 
 DATE PLUM, INDIAN, Diospyrus lotus. 
 
 DATTE, Date. 
 
 DATURA, D. Stramonium. 
 
 D atu'ra Sanguin'ea, Bed Thorn Apple; called 
 by the Indians of Peru Huacacachu, Yerha de 
 Huaca (huaca, a grave) or Grave-plant, and Bo- 
 vnahevo. A plant from which the Peruvian In- 
 dians prepare a narcotic drink called Tonga. 
 
 Datu'ha Stramo'niuh, Stramo'nium, Straino'- 
 nia, Barycoc' colon, Sola'nvm fae'tidum, Stramo'- 
 niuTn majus album, seu spino'snm seu imlga'tuiij. seu 
 f'x'tidxmn, Pomum seu Malum spino'snm, ^^ux me- 
 thel, Dafu'rn, Dutro'a, Daty'ra, Thorn Apple, 
 Jamestoton Weed, Jimston Weed, Stinhweed, (F.) 
 Stramoine, Pomme epineuse. The herbaceous part 
 of the plant and the seeds are the parts used in 
 medicine. They axe narcotic and poisonous ; — 
 are given internally as narcotics and antispasmo- 
 dics, and applied externally as sedatives, in the 
 form of fomentation. The seeds are smoked like 
 tobacco, in asthma. The dose of the powder is, 
 gr. j to gr. viii. 
 
 DA'TURINE, Datnri'na, Datu'ria, Datii'rivm. 
 The active principle of the Datura Stramonium, 
 
 separated by Brandes, a German chemist. It has 
 not been rendered available in medicine. 
 
 DATURIUM, Daturine. 
 
 DATYRA, Datura stramonium. 
 
 DAUCI'TES VINUM. Wine, of which the 
 Daucus or Wild Carrot was an ingredient. The 
 seeds were steeped in must. It was formerly used 
 in coughs, convulsions, hypochondriasis, diseases 
 of the uterus, &e. 
 
 DAUCUS CANDIANUS, Athamanta cretensis. 
 
 Daucus Caro'ta. The systematic name of 
 the Carrot Plant; Daucus, Daucus sy Ives' tris sen 
 vulga'ris seu sati'vus, Cauea'lis caro'ta, Pastina'ca 
 sylvestris tenuifo'lia officina'rum, Ado'rion. Or- 
 der, Umbelliferse. (F.) Carotte. The root, and 
 seed, Carota — (Ph. U. S.) — have been use5 in 
 medicine. The root is sweet and mucilaginous ; 
 and the seeds have an aromatic odour, and mode- 
 rately warm, pungent taste. The root has been 
 used as an emollient, to fetid and ill-conditioned 
 sores. The seeds have been regarded as sto- 
 machic, carminative and diuretic; but they have 
 little efficacy. The seeds of the wild plant are, 
 by some, preferred to those of the garden. 
 
 Daucus Creticus, Athamanta cretensis — d, 
 Cyanopus, Pimpinella magna — d. Sativus, D. 
 carota — d. Seprinius, Scandix cerefolium — d. 
 Sylvestris, D. carota — d. Vulgaris, D. carota. 
 
 DA UPHINELLE, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 DAVIDSON'S REMEDY FOR CANCER, see 
 Conium maculatum. 
 
 DA VIEB, Dentagra. 
 
 DAWLISH, CLIMATE OF. A town in De- 
 vonshire, frequented by phthisical invalids during 
 the winter. It is well protected from northerly 
 winds, and also from the violence of the south- 
 westerly gales. It offers, however, but a con- 
 fined space. 
 
 DAX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Dax is a 
 city two leagues from Bordeaux, where there are 
 four springs, that are almost purely thermal ; 
 containing only a very small quantity of chloride 
 of magnesium, and sulphate of soda and lime. 
 Temperature 76° to 133° Fahrenheit. 
 
 DAYMARE, Incubus vigilantium. 
 
 DAY-SIGHT, Hemeralopia—d. Vision, Heme- 
 ralopia. 
 
 DAZZLING, Caliga'tio, (F.) Eblouissement. 
 A momentary disturbance of sight, occasioned 
 either by the sudden impression of too powerful 
 a li2;ht, or by some internal cause; as plethora. 
 
 DE VENTRE INSPICIENDO, 'of inspect- 
 ing the belly.' Where there is reason to suppose, 
 that a woman feigns herself pregnant, a writ de 
 ventre inspieicndo may be issued to determine 
 whether she be so or not. Until recently, in 
 England, the decision was left to twelve matrons 
 and twelve respectable men, according to the 
 strict terms of the ancient writ. 
 
 DEAF-DUMBNESS, Mutitas surdorum. 
 
 DEAFNESS, from Anglo-Saxon besij. Sur'- 
 ditas, Copho'sis, Dysecoi'a, Dysecce'a organ'ica, 
 Baryecoi'a, Hardness of hearing, Hypocop)ho'sis, 
 Subsvr'ditas, Bradycoi'a, Bradyecoi'a, (F.) Sur- 
 dite, Durete de I'ouie. Considerable diminutioR 
 or total ]o.«s of hearing. It may be the effect of 
 acute or chronic inflammation of the intprnal ear. 
 paralysis of the auditory nerve or its pulny extre- 
 mity, or of some mechanical obstruction to tho 
 sonorous rays. In most cases, however, the cause 
 of the deafness is not appreciable, and the treat- 
 ment has to be purely empirical. Syringing ins 
 ears, dropping in slightly stimulating oils, fumi- 
 gations, &e., are the most likely means to afford 
 relief. 
 
 Deafnijss, Taylor's Remedy fob, see Allium. 
 
 DEALBATIO, Paleness. 
 
 DEAMBULATIO, Walking. 
 
DEARTICULATIO 
 
 270 
 
 DECIDUA 
 
 DEARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis. 
 DEASCIATIO, Aposceparnismus. 
 DEATH, (Sax. 6ea8,) Apohio'sis, Ahio'sis, Ex- 
 tinc'tio, Ob'itus, P8ychorag"ia, P8yehorrhag"ia, 
 Le'thum,Letum, Mors, Inter' itus, Than' atos, Death, 
 (P.) llort. Definitive cessation of all the func- 
 tions, the aggregate of which constitute life. Real 
 Death, Apothnna'sia, is distinguished from as- 
 phyxia or apparent death: — the latter being 
 merely a suspension of those same functions. 
 But it is often difficult to judge of such suspen- 
 sion, and the only certain sign of real death is 
 the commencement of putrefaction. At times, 
 therefore, great caution is requisite to avoid mis- 
 takes. Death is commonly preceded by some 
 distressing symptoms, which depend on lesion of 
 respiration, circulation, or of the cerebral func- 
 tion, and which constitute the agony. That which 
 occurs suddenly, and without any, or with few, 
 precursory signs, is called sudden death. It is 
 ordinarily caused by disease of the heart; apo- 
 plexy; the rupture of an aneurism, or by some 
 other organic affection. Death is natural, when 
 it occurs as the result of disease : violent, when 
 produced by some forcible agency. It may like- 
 wise affect the whole body, or a part only ; hence 
 the difference between somatic and molecular 
 death. 
 
 The chief varieties of the modes of death may 
 be thus given : — 
 
 r Suddenly— Syn- 
 Death beginning at the heart, \ cope: Gradual — 
 ( Asthenia. 
 " " in the lungs — Asphyxia. 
 
 " " in the brain — Apoplexy. 
 
 in the gray ( Paralysis of 
 " " matterof the -^ pneumogastrics, 
 
 medulla, ( <fec. 
 " " in the blood — necrsemia. 
 
 Death, Apparent, Asphyxia. 
 Death, Black. The plague of the 14th cen- 
 knry was so called, which is supposed to have 
 proved fatal in Europe to 25,000,000 of people. — 
 Ilecker. 
 
 Death of Man, Cicuta maculata — d. Stiffen- 
 ing, Rigor mortis. 
 DEBILIS, Infirm. 
 
 DEBIL'ITANTS, DeUlitan'tia, Antkhjnam'- 
 ica, Philadynam' ica, from debilitare, itself from 
 dehilis, quasi dehabilis, 'weak,' 'to weaken.' 
 Remedies exhibited for the purpose of reducing 
 excitement. Antiphlogistics are, hence, debili- 
 tants. 
 
 DEBILITAS, Debility— d. Erethisica, see Irri- 
 table — d. Nervosa, Neurasthenia, see Irritable 
 — d. Visus, Asthenopia. 
 
 DEBIL'ITT, Dehtl'itas, Astheni'a, Blaei'a, 
 Anenercje'sia, Anenergi'a, Weakness, (F.) Pat- 
 blesse. A condition, which may be induced by 
 a number of causes. It must not be confounded 
 •wiih/attfftie, which is temporary, whilst debility 
 is generally more permanent. 
 
 Debility may be real, or it may be apparent; 
 and, in the management of disease, it is important 
 to attend to this. At the commencement of fever, 
 for example, there is often a degree of apparent 
 debility, which prevents the use of appropriate 
 means, and is the cause of much evil. Excite- 
 ment is more dangerous than debility. 
 DEBOITEMENT. Luxation. 
 DERORDEMENT (F.), from dehorder, (de 
 and border) ' to overflow.' A popular term for 
 one or more sudden and copious evacuations from 
 the bowels. It is (;hi.->.fiy applied to bilious eva- 
 cuations "f this kind — Delordement di Rile. 
 
 DEIiRIDEMENT (F.), Frmno'rttm soln'tio, 
 Irom (F.) debridcr, (rfe and irirfer,) 'tv unbridle.' 
 
 The removal of filaments, <te., in a wound or 
 
 abscess, which prevent the discharge of pus. In 
 a more general acceptation, it means the cutting 
 of a soft, membranous or aponeurotic part, which 
 interferes with the exercise of any organ what- 
 ever : thus, in paraphimosis, debridement of the 
 prepuce is practised to put an end to the inflam- 
 mation of the glans : in strangulated hernia, de- 
 bridement of the abdominal ring is had recourse 
 to, to remove the stricture of the intestine, <fec. 
 
 DECAGRAMME, from iiKa, ' ten,' and youjipa, 
 'a gramme.' The weight of ten grammes, \b\.M 
 grains Trov. 
 
 DECAM'YRON, from hxa, 'ten,' and fivpov, 
 ' ointment.' An ancient cataplasm, composed of 
 tnalabathrum, mastich, enphorbium, spikenard, 
 styrax calamita, carbonate of lime, common /></>- 
 per, ungnentum nardi, opobalsamiim, and tear. 
 
 DECANTA'TION, Decanta'tio, Defu'sio, Me- 
 tangism'os, Catueh'ysis. A pharmaceutical ope- 
 ration, which consists in pouring off, gently, by 
 inclining the vessel, any fluid which has left a 
 deposit. 
 
 DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM, see Re- 
 section. 
 
 DECARBONIZATION, Eeematosis. 
 
 DECESSIO, Ecpiesma. 
 
 DECIIARNE, Demusculatus. 
 
 DEGHAUSSEMENT (F.) [de and chausser.) 
 The state, in which the gums have fallen away 
 from the teeth, as in those affected by mercurj-, 
 in old persons, &c. Also, the operation of lanc- 
 ing the gums. See Gum lancet. 
 
 DECHA USSOIR, Gum lancet. 
 
 DECHIRE3IENT, Laceration. 
 • DECHIR URE, Wound, lacerated. 
 
 DECIDENTIA, Gataptosis, Epilepsy. 
 
 DECIDUA, Decidua membrana. 
 
 Decid'ua Membra'na, Decid'na, Decid'uouit 
 Membrane, from decidere, 'to fall off,' (de, and 
 cadere.) So called on account of its being consi- 
 dered to be discharged from the uterus at parti;- 
 rition. A membrane, formerly defined to be the 
 outermost membrane of the foetus in utero ; and 
 still so defined by some — =as by Dr. Lee. Chaiis- 
 sier calls it Epicho'rion : by others, it has been 
 ca.\le(l 3Iejnbra'na cadu'ca Hunteri, M.floccuhn'- 
 ta, J/, cellulo'sa, M. sinuo'sa, M. commu'nis, M. 
 praeris'tens, Decidua externa, Tu'nica exterior 
 ovi, T. cadu'ca, T. crassa, Membra'na cribro'so, 
 Membra'na ovi mater'na, M. miico'sa, Decidua 
 spongio'sa, Epio'ne, Placen'ta uteri snccenturiu'- 
 tns, Subplaeen'ta, 3fembra'na u'teri inter'na evo- 
 lu'ta, Nidamen'tum, Anhis'tous membrane, (F. ) 
 Cadurjue, 0. vraie. Membrane caduque, Epione, 
 Perione. Prior to the time of the Hunters, called 
 Cho'rion sjjongio'siim, C. tomento'8um,fungo'euni, 
 reticula'tum, &c., Tu'nica filamento'sa, Shaggy 
 Chorion, Spongy Chorion, &c. Great diversity 
 has prevailed, regarding this membrane and its 
 reflected portion. It exists before the germ ar- 
 rives in the uterus,^ — as it has been met with in 
 tubal and ovarial pregnancies ; and is occa- 
 sioned by a new action, assumed by the uterine 
 vessels at the moment of conception. Chaussier. 
 Lobstcin, Gardien, Velpeau and others consider 
 it to be a sac, without apertures, completely li- 
 ning the uterus, and that when the ovum descends 
 through the tube, it jmshes the decidua before it, 
 and becomes enveloped in it, except at the part 
 destined to form the placenta. That portion of 
 the membrane, which covers the ovum, forms the 
 Ifcmhra'na decid'ua rejlex'a, (F.) Cadiique rrflt- 
 chie, Membrane caduque rejlechie, according to 
 them ; — the part lining the uterus being the De- 
 cidua U'teri. Towards tlio end of the fourth 
 month, the decidua refioxa disappears. The 
 
DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE 
 
 271 
 
 DECOCTUM 
 
 very existence of a Tunica decidua reflexa has, 
 however, been denied. This last membrane has 
 received various names. Dr. Granville, regard- 
 ing it as the external membrane of the ovum, has 
 termed it Cortex ovi. It has also been termed 
 Invohi' erum memhrana'ceum, Membra'na reti- 
 form'is eJio'rii, Ilemhra'na filamento' sa, 31. ad- 
 ventW'ia and M. crassa, Ovuline and Decid'ua 
 protru'sa. To the membrane which, according 
 to Bojanus and others, is situate between the 
 placenta and the uterus, and which he considers 
 to be produced at a later period than the decidua 
 vera, he gave the name membra'na decid'ua se- 
 ro'tina. 
 
 Histological researches seem to show, that the 
 decidua is an altered condition of the lining 
 membrane of the uterus, with a whitish secretion 
 filling the uterine tubular glands. The decidua 
 reilexa is probably formed by the agency of nu- 
 cleated cells from the plastic materials thrown out 
 from the decidua uteri; in the same manner as 
 the chorion is formed in the Fallopian Tube from 
 plastic materials thrown out from its lining mem- 
 brane. That the decidua reflexa is not a mere 
 inverted portion of the decidua uteri is shown 
 by the fact, that the texture of the two is by 
 no means identical. 
 
 Decidua Protrusa, Decidua reflexa. 
 
 DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE, Decidua (mem- 
 brana). 
 
 DECIGRAMME, Beeigram'ma, from decimvs, 
 'the tenth part,' and ypuftiia, 'gramme.' The 
 tenth part of the gramme in weight ; equal to a 
 little less than two grains, French; 1.543 Troy. 
 
 DECIMA'NA FEBRIS, from rfece^n, 'ten.' 
 An intermittent, whose paroxysms return every 
 IGth day or every 9 days. It is supposititious. 
 
 DECLAMATION, Declama'tio, from de, and 
 damare, ' to cry out.' The art of depicting the 
 Bentiments by inflections of the voice, accompa- 
 nied with gestures, which render the meaning of 
 the speaker more evident, and infuse into the 
 minds of the auditors the emotions with which 
 he is impressed. Declamation may become the 
 cause of disease : the modification, produced in 
 the pulmonary circulation, — accompanied by the 
 great excitement, sometimes experienced, — is the 
 cause of many morbid afi"eotions ; particularly of 
 pneumonia, hajmoptysis, and apoplexy. In mo- 
 deration, it gives a healthy excitement to the 
 frame. 
 
 BECLIN, Decline. 
 
 DECLINATIO, Decline. 
 
 DECLINE, Beclina'tio, Ivclinu'tio, Becre- 
 men'tum, Remis'sio, Parac'me, Paracma'sis, (F.) 
 Beclin, from de, and clinare, 'to bend.' That 
 period of a disorder or paroxysm, at which the 
 symptoms begin to abate in violence. We speak, 
 also, of the decline of life, or of the powers, (F.) 
 BSclin de I'age, L'age de declin, when the phy- 
 sical and moral faculties lose a little of their ac- 
 tivity and energy. See Phthisis, and Tabes. 
 
 BEG LIVE, (F.) Becli'vis, from de, 'from,' 
 and clivns, ' acclivity.' Inclining downwards. 
 This epithet is applied to the most depending 
 part of a tumour or .abscess. 
 
 DECOCTION, Becoc'tio, from decoquere, 'to 
 boil,' (de and coqicere,) Epse'sis, Apoz'esis, Zesis, 
 Ilepse'sis, Aphepsis, (F.) Becoction. The opera- 
 tion of boiling certain ingredients in a fluid, for 
 the purpose of extracting the parts soluble at 
 that temperature. Decoction, likewise, means 
 the product of this operation, to which the terms 
 Becoctum, Zemn, Aphepse'ma, Ap' ozem, Apoz' ema, 
 Hepse'riia, Chilian and -£J/j«e''/?;a, have been ap- 
 plied according to ancient custom, in order to 
 avoid any confusion between the operation and 
 
 its product; — rs pirmparatio i? used for the act 
 of preparing; prmparatum, for the thing prepared. 
 Decoction of Aloes, Compound, Decoctum 
 aloes compositum — d. of Bark, Decoctum Cin- 
 chonsB — d. of Barley, Decoctum hordei — d. of 
 Barley, compound, Decoctum hordei compositum 
 
 — d. Bitter, Decoctum amarum — d. of Cabbage 
 tree bark, Decoctum geoffrseffi inermis — d. of 
 Cassia, Decoctum cassias — d. of Chamomile, De- 
 coctum anthemidis nobilis — d. of Cinchona, De- 
 coctum Cinchonce — d. of Cinchona, compound 
 laxative, Decoctum kinae kinse compositum ct 
 laxans — d. of Colomba, compound, Decoctum 
 Calumba3 compositum — d. of Dandelion, Decoc- 
 tum Taraxaci — d. of Dogwood, Decoctum Cornfls 
 Floridas — d. of Elm bark, Decoctum ulmi- — d. of 
 Foxglove, Decoctum digitalis — d. de Gayac com- 
 posee, &c., Decoctum de Guyaco compositum — 
 d. of Guaiacum, compound, Decoctum Guaiaci 
 compositum — d. of Guaiacum, compound purga- 
 tive, Decoctum de Guayaco compositum — d. of 
 Hartshorn, burnt, Mistura cornu usti — d. of Hel- 
 lebore, white, Decoctum veratri — d. of Iceland 
 moss, Decoctum cetrarise — d. of Liverwort, De- 
 coctum lichenis — d. of Logwood, Decoctum hee~ 
 matoxyli — d. of Marshmallows, Decoctum althasae 
 
 — d. de Mauve composee, Decoctum malv£B com- 
 positum — d. of Oak bark, Decoctum querclis — 
 d. d'Orge, Decoctum hordei — d. d'Orge compogee, 
 Decoctum hordei compositum — d. of Pipsissewa, 
 Decoctum chimaphilje — d. of Poppy, Decoctum 
 papaveris— d. of Quince seeds, Decoctum cydoniae 
 
 — d. de Quinquina composSe et laxative, Decoc- 
 tum kinas kinee compositum et laxans — d. de 
 SalsapareiUe composee, Decoctum sarsaparillre 
 compositum — d. of Sarsaparilla, Decoctum s ar- 
 saparillfe — d. of SarsaparUla, compound, Decoc- 
 tum sarsaparillse compositum — d. of Sarsaparilla, 
 false, Decoctum araliee nudicaulis — d. of Squill, 
 Decoctum scilla? — d. of Uva iirsi, Decoctum uvae 
 ursi — d. of the Woods, Decoctum Guaiaci com- 
 positum — d. of Woody nightshade, Decoctum 
 duleamarfe — d. of Zittmann, Decoctum Zittmanni. 
 
 DECOCTUM, Decoction — d. Album, Mistura 
 cornu usti. 
 
 Decoctum Al'oes Compos'itum, Balsam of 
 Life, Compound Becoction of Aloes. {Ext. glyc. 
 I^iv, 2}otass. subcarb. Q ij, aloes spicat. ext. : myrrha 
 contrit. : croci stigmat. aa ^j, aqu(B Oj. Boil to 
 f^xij : strain, and add finct. card. c. tgir. Pliarm. 
 L.) The gum and extractive are dissohed in 
 this preparation. The alkali is added to take up 
 a little of the resin. The tincture prevents it 
 from spoiling. It is gently cathartic. Dose, 
 fgss to gij. 
 
 Decoctum Kjjt'eje.'m, B. altJiwm offienia'h^ : 
 Becoction of Ifarsh-malloics, (F.) Becoction de 
 Ouimaiive. (Bad. nlthcBCS sice. ^iv. nvar.passar. 
 ,^ij, aqucB, Ovij. Boil to Ov. Pour off the clear 
 liquor. Pharm. E.) It is used as a demulcent. 
 
 Decoctum Ama'rum; Bitter Becoction. {Pad. 
 gent. 3j, aqvcB Oijss. Boil for a quarter of an 
 hour; add species amarcB ^I'j- Infuse for two 
 hours and filter, without expressing. Pharm. P.) 
 It is tonic. Dose, f^ss to ^ij. 
 
 Decoctum Anthem 'idis Nob'ilis, B. Chavxe- 
 me'li / Becoction of Cham'omile. {Flor. anthe- 
 mid. nobil. gj, sem. carui ^iv, aqucB Ov. Boit 
 for fifteen minutes and strain. Pharm. E.) It 
 contains bitter extractive and essential oil, dis- 
 solved in water. It is used, occasionally, as a 
 vehicle for tonic powders, pills, &e., and in fo- 
 mentations and glysters; but for the last pur- 
 pose, warm water is equally efiicacious. Tho 
 Dublin college has a compound decoction. 
 
 Decoctum Ara'lijE Nudicau'lis ; Becoction 
 of False Sarsaparilla. {Aralim nvdicaui. ^vj, 
 aqiicB Oviij. Digest for four hours, and then boU 
 
DECOCTUM 
 
 272 
 
 DECOCTUM 
 
 to four pints : press out and strain tlie decoction. 
 Former Ph. U. S.) It is used as a stomachic, 
 but it is an unnecessary and laborious prepa- 
 ration, 
 
 Decoctum CassIjE; Decoction of Cassia. {Cas- 
 eicB pulp. §ij, aqucB Oij. Boil for a few minutes, 
 f Iter without expression, and add syrup, violar. 
 §j, or manna pur. §i.i. [Pharm. P.) It is lax- 
 ative, in the dose of ^vj. 
 
 Decoctum Cetra'eijd, Decoction of Iceland 
 Moss. [Getrar. ^ss, aqi((B Oiss. Boil to a pint, 
 and strain with compression. Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 f^iv to Oss, and more. 
 
 Decoctum ChamjEmeli, Decoctum anthemidis 
 H.obilis. 
 
 Decoctum CHnrAPH'iL;E, Decoction ofPHpsis'- 
 aewa. [CJiimaph. confus. ^j, aqua Oiss. Boil to 
 a pint, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) Dose, f^iss. 
 
 Decoctum CiNCHO'NiE, Decoctum Cinchonas, D. 
 Ciir'iicis Cinchoyia ; Decoction of Cinchona, D. 
 of Bark, Decoctum Kina Kince. [Cinchon. cort. 
 contus. ^j, aqua Oj. Boil for ten minutes, in a 
 slightly covered vessel, and strain while hot. 
 Pharm. U. S.) It contains quinia and resinous 
 extractive, dissolved in water. Long coction ox- 
 ygenates and precipitates the extractive. It can 
 be given, where the powder does not sit easy, 
 &o. Dose, f^j to §iv. 
 
 The Pharmacopoeia of the United States has a 
 Decoctum Cinchona flava, Decoction of yelloio 
 hark, and a Decoctum Cinchona rubra. Decoction 
 of red hark, both of which are prepared as above. 
 
 Decoctum Colom'b^ Compos'itum; Compound 
 Decoction of Colomha. [Colomh. contus., quassia, 
 aa ^ij, cort. aurant. Zj, rhej pulv. ^j, potassa 
 carbonaf. ^ss, aqua 3xx. Boil to a pint, and 
 a4d tinct. lavand. f^ss. Former Ph. U. S.) Given 
 as a tonic, but not worthy an officinal station. 
 
 Decoctum Commune pro Clysteee, D. malvaa 
 compositum — d.Cornu cervini, Mistura cornu usti. 
 
 Decoctum Corxus Flor'id^:, Decoction of 
 Dogioood. (Cornils Florid, cont. ,^j, oqva Oj. 
 Boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and 
 strain while hot. Pharm. U. S.) Dose, f,^iss. 
 
 Decoctum Cydo'kijE, Ihicila'go Sem'inis Cy- 
 d.o'nii Mali, M. Sem'inum Cydonio'rum ; Decoc- 
 tion or Mu'cilar/e of Quince seeds. {Cydonia 
 sem. Jij, aqua Oj. Boil for ten minutes over a 
 gentle fire, and strain. Pharm. L.) It is merely 
 a solution of mucilage in water, and is used as a 
 demulcent. 
 
 Decoctum Daphxes Meze'ret, Decoctum Me- 
 ze''rei, Decoction of Meze'reon. ( Cort. rad. daphn, 
 mezerei, ^ij, rad. glycyrrh. cont. ^ss, aqua Oiij. 
 Boil over a gentle fire to Oij, and strain.) The 
 acrimony of the mezereon and the saccharine 
 mucilage of the liquorice root are imparted to the 
 water. It is somewhat stimulant, and has been 
 used in secondary syphilis ; but is devoid of 
 power. Dose f^iij to ^vj. 
 
 Decoctum Diaphoreticum, D. Gua.iaci compo- 
 situm — d. pro Enemate, D. malvas compositum. 
 
 Decoctum Digita'lis, Decoction of Fox-glove. 
 (Fol. digit, sice, gj, aqua q. s. ut colentur f^viij. 
 Let the liquor begin to boil over a slow fire, and 
 then remove it. Digest for fifteen minutes, and 
 strain. Pharm. D.) It possesses the properties 
 of the plant. Dose, f.^ij to ^''j- 
 
 Decoctum Dulcama'r^, Decoction of W^jody 
 Nightshade. {Dulcamara cont. .^j, aqua Oiss. 
 Boil to Oj, and strain. Pharr.. U. S.) This de- 
 coction has been considered diuretic and diapho- 
 retic, and has been administered extcn,«ively in 
 ikin diseases. It is probably devoid of efficacy. 
 
 Decoctum pro Fomexto, D. papaveria. 
 
 Decoctum Geopfh^'^ Inerm'is ; Decoction 
 uf Cabbage Tree Bark. {Corf, geoffr. inermia in 
 ^ulv. §j, Aqua Oij. Foil, over a slow fire to a 
 
 pint, and strain. Pharm. E.) It is possessed 
 of anthelmintic, purgative, and narcotic proper- 
 ties, and has been chiefly used for the first of 
 these purposes. Dose, to children, f ^ij — to 
 adults, f^ss to §ij. 
 
 Decoctum Guaiaci Compos'itum, D. Guaiaci 
 officina'lia comp>os'il.um, Decoctum Ligno'rum, D. 
 de Guyaco compos'itum, D. sudorif'icum, D. dia- 
 phoret'icum ; Compound decoction of Guaincvm, 
 Decoction of the Woods. {Lign. guaiac. rasiir. 
 ^iij,yVueJ. sice, vitis vinifer. ^Jij, rad. lauri. sax- 
 safr. concis., rad. glycyrrh. aa, ^j, aqua Ox. 
 Boil the Guaiacum and raisins over a slow fire lo 
 Ov : adding the roots towards the end, then 
 strain. Pharm. E.) It is possessed of stimu- 
 lant properties, and has been given in syphilitic, 
 cutaneous, and rheumatic affections. The re:-in 
 of the guaiacum is, however, insoluble in water, 
 so that the guaiac wood in it cannot be supposed 
 to possess much, if any, effect. The Parisian 
 Codex has a 
 
 Decoctum de Guyaco Compos'itum et Prn- 
 GANS, (F.) Decoction de Gayac Compos&e et Pur- 
 gative ; Compound purgative Decoction of Gua- 
 iacum. {Lign. guaiac. rasp., rad. sarsap. aa ^j, 
 potass, carbonat. gr. xxv. Macerate for twelve 
 hours, agitating occasionally, in water Oiv, until 
 there remain Oiij. Then infuse in it fol. senna 
 ^ij, rhej ^j, lign. sassafr., glycyrrh. rad. aa ^ij, 
 sem. coriand. ^j. Strain gently, suffer it to 
 settle, and pour off the clear supernatant liquor. 
 The title sufficiently indicates the properties of 
 the composition. 
 
 Decoctum H^ematox'yli, Decoction of Log. 
 icood. {llamatoxyl. rasur. ^j, aqua Oij. Boil 
 to a pint, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) 
 
 Decoctuji Hellebori Albi, D. veratri — d. 
 KiuEe kinse, D. 'Cinehonss. 
 
 Decoctum Hor'dei, Decoctum Hordet Dis'- 
 tichi, Ptis'ana Hippocrat'ica, Tipsti'ria, Tap- 
 aa'ria, Aqua Ilordca'ta, Mydrocri'the, Barley 
 Water, Decoc'tion of Barley, (F.) Decoction 
 d'Orge, Tisane Commune. {Hord. gij. Aqua 
 Oivss. Wash the bariey well, boil for a ftw 
 minutes in irater Oss : strain this, and throw it 
 away, and add the remainder, boiling. Boil to 
 Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) It is nutritive and 
 demulcent, and is chiefly used iis a common drinlc, 
 and in glysters. 
 
 Decoc'tum Hordei Compos'itum, Decoctum 
 pectora'le, Ptisana commu'nis ; Compound De- 
 coction of Barley, (F.) Decoction d'Orge covi- 
 posee. {Decoct, hord. Oij, carica frvct. concis. 
 5ij, glycyrrh. rad. concis. et contus. ^ss, uxHirum 
 pass, demptis acinis. 5ij, aq-ua Oj. Boil to Oij, 
 and strain. Pharm. L.) It has similar proper- 
 ties to the last. 
 
 Decoctum Kin^ Kin^ CoMPOs'puM et 
 Laxans, Decoction de quinquina corripoaee et 
 laxative; Compound lar'afive decoction of Cin- 
 chona. {Cort. cinchon. ^j, aqua Oij. Boil for a 
 quarter of an hour, remove it from the fire; then 
 infuse in it for half an hour, fd.jcnncR, soda 
 sulph. aa ^'j '• add ayru2) de senna f^j.) Its title 
 indicates its properties. 
 
 Decoctum Liche'nis, Decoctum Lichc'nis Is- 
 lan'dici ; Decoction of Liv'erirort. {Lichen ^j, 
 aquaOiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. Pharm. l^.) 
 It consists of bitter extractive and fecula, dis- 
 solved in water, and its operation is tonic and 
 demulcent. Dose, f^j to ^^iv. It is also nu- 
 trient, but hardly worthy of the rank of an offi- 
 cinal preparntion. 
 
 Decoctum LiGXonuM, D. Guaiaci compositum. 
 
 Decoctum Malv^e Compos'itum, Decoctum 
 pro enem'ate. Decoctum commn'ne pro dyste're ; 
 Compound Decoction of Malloic, (F.) Decoction 
 de Mauve com.posce, {Malva exaicc, 3J, anthe- 
 
DECOCTUM 
 
 27? 
 
 DECUSSATION 
 
 mid. flor. exsice. §ss,. aqum Oj. Boil for fifteen 
 minutes and strain.) It consists of bitter ex- 
 tractive, and mucilage in water, and is chiefly 
 used for clysters and fomentations. It is un- 
 TTorthy a place in the pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Decoctum Mezerei, D. daphnes mezerei — d. 
 Pectorale, D. hordei compositum. 
 
 Decoctdm Papav'eris, Decoc'twn })ro Fo- 
 men'to, Fotus cummu'nis ; Decoction of Popfy. 
 (Papav. somnif. capRid. eoncis. ^ix, aqucB Oiv. 
 Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. Pharm. L.) 
 It contains the narcotic principle of the poppy, 
 and mucilage in water: is anodyne and emol- 
 lient, and employed as such in fomentation, in 
 painful swellings, ulcers, &c. 
 
 Decoctum Polygaljs Seseg^, D. Senegas. 
 
 Decoctum Quercds Alb^e, B. Qaerctis Eo'- 
 horis ; Decoction of White Oalz Bark. (QuercCls 
 cort. ^j, aqiicB Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. 
 Pharm. U. S.) It is astringent, and used as 
 Bueh, in injections, in leucorrhoea, uterine hemor- 
 rhage, &c., as well as in the form of fomentation 
 to unhealthy ulcers. 
 
 Decoctum Sarsapauil'l.e, D. Smi'lacis Sar- 
 saparillce ; Decoction of Sarsaparilla. [Sarsa- 
 2>arill. rad. eoncis. ^iv, aq. fervent. Oir. Mace- 
 rate for four hours, near the fire, in a lightly 
 covered vessel; then bruise the rootj macerate 
 again for two hours; then boil to Oij, and strain. 
 Pharm. L.)- It cpntains bitter extractive, and 
 mucilage in water ; is demulcent, and has been 
 used, although it is doubtful with what efiieacy, 
 in the sequelae of syphilis. Dose, f^iv to Oss. 
 
 Decoctum Sarsaparillje Compos'itum; Oom- 
 poiind Decoction of Saraaparil'la, (P.) Decoction 
 lie SalsnpnreiUe Compos^e. (Saraaparill. eoncis. 
 et contus. ^vj, iSassafr. Cort. eoncis., Liijn. Guaiac. 
 rasur., Rad. Glycyrrkiz. contus. aa ^^j, Mezerei, 
 eoncis. 3'^' ^?"CE Oiv. Boil fifteen minutes, and 
 strain. Pharm. U. S.) This is considered to be 
 possessed of analogous properties to the celebrated 
 Lisbon Diet-Drink, Decoc'tuni Litsitan'icum, which 
 it resembles in composition. 
 
 Decoctum Scill^, : Decoction of Squill. 
 (S'cillcB, Jiij, jumper, ^ir, Seiisr/w, ^iij, Aqva, 
 Oir. Boil till one half the liquor is consumed ; 
 strain, and add spirit of nitrous ether, f^iv. 
 Former Pharm. U. S.) Dose, f^ss. 
 
 Decoctum Sen'eg^, D. Polyg'alm Senega ; 
 Decoction of Senega. {Seneg. cont. ^j, aqnes 
 Oiss. Boil to Oj, and strain. Ph. U. S.) It is 
 reputed to be diuretic, purgative, and stimulant, 
 a.^d has been given in dropsy, rheumatism, <fec. 
 
 Decoctum Smilacis Sarsaparilla, D. sarsa- 
 parillse — d. Sudorifieum, D. Guaiaci compositum. 
 
 Decoctum Tarax'aci, Decoction of Dandelion. 
 (Taraxae. contus. §ij, aqitee Oij. Boil to a pint, 
 and strain. Ph. K iS"-) Dose, f^iss. 
 
 Decoctum Ulmi, D. Ulmi Camjjes'tris; Decoc- 
 tion of Elm Bark. {Ulmi cort. recent, cont. §iv, 
 a,qu(B Oiv. Boil to Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) 
 It is a reputed diuretic, and has been used in 
 Irtpra and herpes ; but, probably, has no efficacy. 
 Dose, f§iv to Oss. 
 
 Decoctum Ut^ Ursi, Decoction of uva ursi. 
 {Uv(B ursi- 3J, aqucB, f^xx. Boil to a pint and 
 strain. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^iss. 
 
 Decoctum Vera'tri, Decoctum HelleVori alhi; 
 Decoction of White Hellebore. ( Veratri rad. 
 cont. ^j, aqua Oij, spir. rec. f^ij. Boil the wa- 
 tery decoction to Oj, and, when it is cold, add 
 the spirit. Pharr,i. L.) It is stimulant, acrid, 
 and cathartic ; but is used only externally. It 
 is a useful wash in tinea capitis, psora, &c. 
 Should it excite intense pain on being applied, it 
 must be diluted. 
 
 Decoc'tum Zittman'ni, Zitt'mann's Decoction. 
 A most absurd farrago, ext-oUed by Theden in 
 JS 
 
 venereal diseases, the formula for which, accord- 
 ing to Jourdan, "some blockheads have lately 
 reproduced among us as a novelty." It is com- 
 posed of sarsaparilla, pidvis stypticus, calomel 
 and cinnabar, boiled in ivafer with aniseed, fennel 
 seed, and liquorice, root. A stronger and a weal.fr 
 decoction were directed by Zittmann. Formiilie 
 for its preparation are contained in Jourdan's 
 Pharmacopoeia Universalis; and in Lincke's Voll- 
 standiges Eecept-Taschenbuch. Leipz., 1841. 
 
 DEC0LLE3IENT, (F.) Deglutina'tio, Regbi- 
 tina'tio, (from de and caller, 'to glue.') The 
 state of an organ that is separated from the sur- 
 rounding parts, owing to destruction of the areo- 
 lar membrane which united them. The skin 
 is decollee, i. e. separated from the subjacent 
 parts, by a burn, subcutaneous abscess, &c. 
 
 DECOLLEMENT DU PLACENTA is the 
 separation or detachment of the whole or a jiart 
 of the placenta from the inner surface of the ute- 
 rus. Decollement, from de, 'from,' and collum, 
 ' the neck,' obtrunea'tio, also means the separa- 
 tion of the head of the foetus from the trunk, the 
 latter remaining in the uterus. 
 
 DECOLORA'TION, Decolora'tio, Discolora'- ' 
 tic, from de, ' from,' and colorare, ' to colour.' 
 Loss of the natural colour; Paravhro'sis. De- 
 void of colour — Achroma'sia. 
 
 In Pharmacy, any process by which liquids, 
 01* solids in solution, are deprived wholly or 
 in part of their colour, — as by bringing them in 
 contact with animal charcoal. 
 
 DECOMPOSEE, (F.) from de, 'from,' and 
 componere, 'to compose.' Decompo'sed, Disso- 
 lu'tus. An epithet, applied to the face when ex- 
 tensively changed in its expression and colour ; 
 as in the choleric or moribund. 
 
 DECORTICA'TION, from de, 'from,' and 
 cortex, ' bai-k.' An operation, which consists in 
 separating the bark from roots, stalks, &e. 
 
 DECOS'TIS, Apleu'ros, from de, priv., and 
 casta, ' a rib.' One who has no ribs.. 
 
 DECEEMENTUM, Decline. 
 
 DECREP'ITUDE, Decrcpitu'do, JStas de- 
 crep'ita, Ul'tima senec'tus, Senec'ta decrep'ita 
 seu extre'ma sou summa seu id'fima, from decre- 
 pitus, (de, and crepare, 'to creak,') 'very old.' 
 The last period of old age, and of human life ; 
 which ordinarily occurs about the eightieth year. 
 It may, however, be accelerated or protracted. 
 Its character consists in the progressive series 
 of phenomena which announce the approaching 
 extinction of life. 
 
 DECRETORII DIES, Critical days. 
 
 DECU'BITUS, from decumbere, (de, and cum- 
 bere, ' to lie,') ' to lie down.' Guba'tio. Lying 
 down. Assuming the horizontal posture, cu'hitus 
 snpi'nus ; (F.) Gaucher. Hord decubitus, 'at bed 
 time.' The French sa}' — Decubitus horizontal, 
 sur le dos, snr le cote, for, lying in the horizontal 
 posture, on the back or side. 
 
 DECURTA'TUS, ftttovpou or /tctovpi^wv, from 
 de, and curtm, 'short,' 'shortened, curtailed,' 
 'running to a point.' "When applied to the pulse, 
 it signifies a progressive diminution in the strength 
 of the arterial pulsations, which, at last, cease. 
 If the pulsations return and gradually acquire all 
 their strength, it is called Pulsus deovrta'tus re- 
 cip'rocus. — Galen. 
 
 DECUSSA'TION, Decussa'tio, Chias'wos, Tn- 
 crucia'tin, Jntersec'tio, Tntricatu'ra, from decnssit, 
 that is, decern asses; also, the figure of the letter 
 X. Union in the shape of an X or cross. Ana- 
 tomists use this term chiefly in the case of the 
 nerves — as the decnssalion of the optic «ene», 
 which cross each other within ^lie cranium. 
 
DECUSSORIUM 
 
 274 
 
 DEGREE 
 
 DECUSSO'RIUM, from decutio, (de, and qun- 
 iio,) 'I shake down.' An instrument used by the 
 Bnoients, for depressing the dura mater, and faci- 
 litating the exit of substances effused on or under 
 that membrane. It is described by Scultetus, 
 l'av6, &G. See Meningophylax. 
 
 DEDAIGNEUE, Rectus superior oculi, 
 
 DEDENTITION, see Dentition. 
 
 DEDOLA'TION, Dedofa'tiofiomdedolare, (de, 
 and dolai-e,) 'to cut and hew with an axe.' This 
 word has been used by surgeons to express the 
 action by which a cutting instrument divides ob- 
 liquely any part of the body, and produces a 
 wound with loss of substance. It is commonly 
 on the head, that wounds by dedolation are ob- 
 served. When there was a complete separation 
 of a portion of the bone of the cranium, the an- 
 cients called it Aposceparnis' mus. 
 
 DEERBERRY, Gaultheria, Vaccinium stami- 
 neum. 
 
 DEERFOOD, Brasenia hydropeltis. 
 
 DEERS' TEARS, Bezoar of the Deer. 
 
 DEFAILLANCE, Syncope. 
 
 DEFEC A'TION, Befaca'tio, from de, and/aces, 
 'excrements.' The act by which the excrement 
 i,s extruded from the body. Caca'tio, Excre'tio 
 alvi, E. alii'na, E. fcBCum alvina'riim, Dejec'tio 
 alvi, Seces'sio, Expid'sio vel Ejec'tio /cp.cimi, 
 Apago'ge, Jli/pochore'sis, Ecchorc'nis, Eccopi-o'sis, 
 Eges'tio. The faeces generally accumulate in the 
 colon, being prevented by the annulus at the top 
 of the rectum from descending freely into that 
 intestine. In producing evacuations, therefore, 
 in obstinate constipation, it is well, by means of 
 a long tube, to throw the injection into the colon, 
 as suggested by Dr. O'Beirne. 
 
 In Pharmacy, defecation means the separation 
 of any substance from a liquid in which it may 
 be suspended. See Clarification. 
 
 DEFECTIO ANIMI, Syncope. 
 
 DEFECTUS LOQUEL^, Aphonia— d. Ve- 
 neris, Anaphrodisia. 
 
 DEFENSI'VUM, from defenderc, (de, and /cn- 
 dere,) 'to defend.' A preservative or defence. 
 The old surgeons gave this name to different 
 local applications, made to diseased parts, for the 
 purpose of guarding them from the impression 
 of extraneous bodies, and particularly from the 
 contact of air. 
 
 DEF'ERENS, from defero, (de, and/erre,) 'I 
 bear away,' ' I transport.' 
 
 Deferens, Vas, Ductus seu Cnna'lis deferenn, 
 ■Vibra'tor, (F.) Conduit spennatique, Conduit de- 
 ferent, is the excretory canal of the sperm, which 
 arises from the epididymis, describes numerous 
 convolutions, and with the vessels and nerves of 
 the testicle concurs in the formation of the sper- 
 matic chord, enters the abdominal ring, and ter- 
 jiiinatas in the eiaculatory duct. 
 
 DEFIBRINATION, see Defibrinized. 
 
 DEFIB'RINIZED, (F.) Defibrine. Deprived 
 of fibrin. A term applied to blood from which 
 the fibrin has been removed, as by whipping. 
 The act of removing fibrin from the blood has 
 been termed defibrination. 
 
 DEFIGURATIO, Deformation. 
 
 DEFLAGRA'TION, Befaf/ra'tio, from defln- 
 <.>rare, (de, and flarjrare, 'to burn,') 'to sot on 
 fire.' In pharmacy, the rap'd combustion of a 
 Fubstance with flame ; great elevation of tcnipo- 
 raturo; violent motion, and more or loss noise. 
 Thus, we speak of tho deflagration of nitrate, 
 and of chlorate, of potasaa, of gunpowder, &c. 
 
 DEFLECTENS, Derivative. 
 
 DEFLECTIO, Derivation. 
 DEFLORATION, Stuprum. 
 
 Deplora'tion, Bf./lura'tio, Dcvircjina'tio, Vir- 
 g'n'itaa dejlora'tn, fr'/m dejloreaecre, (de, aiid^^o- 
 
 rescere,) 'to shed flowers.' .The act of depriving 
 a female of her virginity. Inspection of the parts 
 is the chief criterion of defloration having been 
 forcibly accomplishedj yet inquiry must be made, 
 whether the injury may not have been caused by 
 another body than the male organ. JRecent dc- 
 Jlorntion is infinitely more easy of detection than 
 where some time has elapsed. 
 
 DEFLUVIUM, Aporrhoea — d. Pilorum, Alo- 
 pecia. 
 
 DEFLUXIO, Catarrh, Diarrhoea— d. Catarrha- 
 lis. Influenza. 
 
 DEFLUX'ION, JDeflnx'io, Bejlvx'm, Catnr'- 
 rliysis, Hypior'rhysis, Catar'rliv,8. A falling down 
 of humours from a superior to- an inferior part« 
 It is sometimes used synonymously with inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 DEFLUXUS DYSENTERICUS, Dysentery. 
 
 DEFORMA'TION, Deforma'fio, Cacomor'phia, 
 Cacomorpho'sis, By-imor'pjhe, Bysmor'pMa, Dy6~ 
 morpho'iiis, Befurm'ilas, Befigura'tio, Bisfigura'- 
 tion, Beform'ity, Liform'itas, (F.) Bifformiti, 
 from de, and forma. Morbid alteration in the 
 form of some part of the body, as of the head, 
 pelvis, spine, &c. A deformity may be natural 
 or accidental. 
 
 DE'FRUTUM, (F.) Vin cut*, from defrutare, 'to 
 boil new wine.' Grape must, boiled down to one- 
 half and used as a sweetmeat. — Plin. Columell. 
 Isidor. See Rob. 
 
 DEFUSIO, Decantation. 
 
 DEGENERATIO, Degeneration — d. Adiposa 
 Cordis, Steatosis cordis. 
 
 DEGENERA'TION, Begeneratio, Notheu'sif, 
 Nothi'a, from degener, 'unlike one's ancestors,' 
 (de, and geniw, 'family,') Begen'eracy, (F.) Ala- 
 tnrdissement. A change for the worse in the in- 
 timate composition of the solids or fluids of the 
 body. In pathological anatomy, degeneration 
 moans the change which occurs in the structure 
 of an organ, when transformed into a matter es- 
 sentially morbid; as a cancerous, or tubercular, 
 degeneration. 
 
 Begenerescence is, by the French pathologists, 
 employed synonymously with Degeneration. 
 
 BEGENERESCENCE, Degeneration — 
 d. Graissevse dti Foie, Adiposis hepatica — d. Gra- 
 nnlee du Rein, Kidney, Bright's disease of the— 
 d. Noire, Melanosis. 
 
 DEGLUTINATIO, BicoUement. 
 
 DEGLUTITIO, Deglutition— d. Difficilis, Dys- 
 phagia — d. Impedita, Dysphagia — d. Lajsa, Dys- 
 ph.agia. 
 
 DEGLUTIT"IO]Sr, Beghitit"io, Catap'osis, 
 from de, and glutire, ' to swallow.' The act by 
 which substances are passed from the mouth into 
 the stomach, through the pharynx and oesopha- 
 gus. It is one of a complicated character, and 
 requires the aid of a considerable number of 
 muscles ; the first steps being voluntary, tho re- 
 mainder executed under spinal and involuntary 
 nervous influence. 
 
 DEGMUS, Bexia, Moraus, (F.) Morsitre, — a 
 bite in gener.al, from (JaKiu, 'I bite.' A gnawing 
 sensation about tho upper orifice of the stomach, 
 which was once attributed to acrimony of the 
 lii'uids contained in that viscus. 
 
 BEG OR GEMENT, Disgorgement. 
 
 BEG OUT, Disgust. 
 
 DEGREE', from degrf, originally from grniltm, 
 'a step.' A title conferred by a college, — as the 
 ' degree of Doctor of Medicine.' Galen used this 
 expression to indicate the qualities of certain 
 drugs. Both he and his school admitted rold, 
 worm, vioint, find dry medicines, and four diftcr- 
 ent 'degrees' of each of those qualities. TliU8, 
 Apium was warm in the firf:t degree, Agrimony 
 
BEGUSTATION 
 
 275 
 
 DELPHINIUM 
 
 In the second, Roche Alum in the tMrd, and Gar- 
 lie in the fourth. Bedegar was cold in the first, 
 the flower of the Pomegranate in the second, the 
 Sempervivum in the third, Opium in the fourth, 
 Ac. The French use the term dec/re to indicate, 
 1. The intensity of an affection : as a burn of the 
 first, second, third degree, &e. 2. The particular 
 stage of an incurable disease, as the third degree 
 of phthisis, cancer of the stomach, &c. 
 
 DEGUSTA'TION, Degusta'tio, from de, and 
 gustare, 'to taste.' Gustation. The appreciation 
 of sapid qualities by the gustatory organs. 
 
 DEICTICOS, Index. 
 
 DEIRONCUS, Bronchocele. 
 
 DEJECTEDNESS, Depression. 
 
 DEJECTIO ALVI, Defecation — d. Alvina, 
 Excrement. 
 
 DEJECTION, from dejicere, defectum, (de, 
 a.n6. jacere,) 'to cast down.' Dejec'tio, Subdiic'tio, 
 Hypago' ge, Hypochore'sis, Hypecchore'sis, Apop'- 
 atus, Hypop' atus, ffypoph'ora. The expulsion of 
 the fteces ; — EJec'tio, Eges'tio. Also, a fajcal dis- 
 charge or stool, — generally, however, with alvine 
 prefixed, — as an alvine Dejection, Alvus vir'idis, 
 Dejectio alvi'na. Also, depression of spirits. 
 
 DEJECTIONES NIGRJE, Melaena. 
 
 DEJECTORIUM, Cathartic. 
 
 DELACHRYMATIO, Epiphora. 
 
 DELACHRYMATIVUS, Apodacrytieus. 
 
 DELAPSIO, Prolapsus. 
 
 DELAPSUS, Prolapsus— d. Palpebrse, Blepha- 
 roptosis. 
 
 DELATIO, Indication. 
 
 BEL A YANTS, Diluentia. 
 
 DELCROIX'S DEPILATORY, see Depila- 
 tory, CoUey's. 
 
 DELETE'RIOUS, Delete'riua, Pernicio'sus, 
 (F.) Pernicieux, from Srj^eto, 'I injure.' That 
 which produces destructive disorder in the exer- 
 cise and harmony of the functions. 
 
 DELETERIUM, Poison. 
 
 DELIGATIO, Deligation, Ligature, see Ban- 
 dage. 
 
 DELIGA'TION, Deliga'tio, Epidei'sis, Deli- 
 gatttJra, Vul'nerum deliga'tio, Fascia'riim Appli- 
 ca'tio, Plaga'rum Vinctu'ra, Fascia'tio, from de- 
 ligare, (de, and ligo,) 'to bind.' The deligation 
 of wounds formerly embraced the application of 
 apparatus, dressings, &o., — the denomination 
 Deliga'tor Plaga'rum being synonymous with 
 Medieus Vulnera'rius, and in derivation, with the 
 Wundarzt, ' wound physician' or surgeon, of the 
 Germans. Deligation is hardly ever used now as 
 an English word. In France, it is applied to the 
 regular and methodical application of bandages, 
 and to the ligature of arteries. 
 
 DELIGATURA, Deligation. 
 
 DELIQUES'CENT, Deliques'cens, from deli- 
 quescere, (de, and liqnescere,) 'to melt,' 'to dis- 
 solve.' Any salt which becomes liquid by attract- 
 ing moisture from the air. The deliquescent 
 salts require to be kept in bottles, well stopped. 
 Chloride of lime, acetate of potassa, and carbonate 
 of potassa, are examples of such salts. The an- 
 cient chemists expressed the condition of a body, 
 which had become liquid in this manner, by the 
 ivord Deliquium. 
 
 DELIQUIUM ANIMI, Syncope. 
 
 DELIRANS, Delirious. 
 
 DE LIB ANT, Delirious. 
 
 DELIRATIO, Delirium — d. Senum, see De- 
 mentia. 
 
 DELIRE, Delirium — d. Crapuleux, Delirium 
 tremens — d. Treniblant, Delirium tremens. 
 DELIRIA, Insanity. 
 
 DELIR'IOUS. Same etymon as Deliriuii. 
 Deli'rans, Deli'rus, Exc'^eb'^a'tus, Alloch'o'ds, 
 
 Alie'nu«,Parale'rus, Raving. (F.) Delirant. One 
 who is in a state of delirium. That which is at- 
 tended by delirium. The French use the term 
 Fievre pernicieuse delirante for a febrile inter- 
 mittent, in which delirium is the predominant 
 symptom. 
 
 DELIR'IUM, from de, 'from,' and lira, 'a 
 ridge between two furrows :' Parae'ope, Phreni'- 
 tis, Phledoni'a, Desipien'tia, Aphros'yne, Para- 
 lere'ma, Paralere'sis, Paralog"ia, Phanta'sia, 
 Paraphros'yne, Emo'tio, Leros, Paranoe'a, Al- 
 loph'asis, Delira'tio, ( F. ) Delire, Egarement 
 d'esprit, &c.. Transport, Ideosynchysie. Stray- 
 ing from the rules of reason ; wandering of the 
 mind. Hippocrates used the word fiavia, mania, 
 for delirium sine febre, and the Greek words 
 given above for delirium cum febre. In diflerent 
 authors, also, we find the words. Paraph' ora, Pa- 
 raph' rotes. Par aphrene'sis,P araphren'ia,Ph.r ene' - 
 sis, Phreneti'asis, <fec., for different kinds of deli- 
 rium. Delirium is usually symptomatic. 
 
 Delirium Ebriositatis, D. tremens — d. Epi- 
 leptic, see Epilepsy — d. Furiosum, Mania — d. 
 Maniacum, Mania — d. Potatorum, D. tremens — - 
 d. Tremifaciens, D. tremens. 
 
 Delirium Senile, see Dementia. 
 Delirium Tremens, lla'nia d PotHl, CEnoma'- 
 nia, Ma'nia e tennden'tid, D. potato'rum, D. ebri- 
 osita'tis, D. tremifa'ciens, D. vig"ilans, Erethis'- 
 mns ebrioso'rum, Dipsoma'nia, 3Ieningi'tis sen 
 Phreni'tis potato'rum, Tromoma'nia, Tromopara- 
 noe'a, Potoparanos'a, Pototromoparance'a, (F.) 
 Encepihalopathie crapuleuse, Delire tremblant, D. 
 crapuleux, Folie des Ivrognes. A state of deli- 
 rium and agitation, peculiar to those addicted to 
 spirituous liquors, with great sleeplessness. It is 
 preceded by indisposition, lassitude, watchful- 
 ness, headach, and anorexia; the delirium and 
 tremors most commonly recurring in paroxysms. 
 It is caused by the habitual and intemperate use 
 of ardent spirits or of opium or tobacco ; or rather 
 by abandoning them after prolonged use. The 
 treatment is various. Many have regarded sti- 
 mulants, with large doses of opium to induce 
 rest, to be indispensable. It is certain, however, 
 that the expectant system will often, if not gene- 
 rally, be successful ; and, it is probable, a cure 
 effected in this manner will be more permanent 
 than when produced by excitants. 
 DELIRUS, Delirious. 
 DELITESCENCE, see Repercussion. 
 DELITESCENTIA, see Repercussion. 
 DELIVRANCE, (F.) An expression, which, 
 in common language, signifies the action of deli- 
 vering, libera' tio, but in the practice of obstetrics, 
 means the extrusion of the secundines, either 
 spontaneously or by the efforts of art. This com- 
 pletion of delivery — partus secunda'riiis, secundi- 
 na'rum expul'sio vel extrac'tio, is produced by 
 the same laws as the expulsion of the foetus. 
 Sometimes, the after-birth follows the child im- 
 mediately ; at others, it is retained ; and requires 
 manual interference to remove it. The following 
 are the chief cases in which this becomes neces- 
 sary. 1. Intimate adhesion between the placenta 
 and paries of the uterus. 2. Spasmodic contrat- 
 tion of the orifice of the uterus. 3. Hour-glass 
 contraction. 4. Torpor or hemorrhage after the 
 expulsion of the child, and, — 5. Insertion of tho 
 placenta at the orifice of the uterus. 
 DELIVERY, FALSE, False water. 
 DELIVRE, Secundines. 
 DELOCATIO, Luxatio. 
 
 DELPHIN'IUM, from Se^is, or Sc^<ptv, 'a 
 dolphin,' which the flowers resemble. D. con- 
 sol'ida seu Seg"etnm seu T'ersic' (dor, Calcttra'pa, 
 Consol'ida Rega'lis, Branching Larksjpurf Stacf 
 
DELPHTS 
 
 276 
 
 DENGUE 
 
 nerioeed. Family Ranuncnlaceae. Sex. Syst. 
 Polyandria Trigynia. (F.) Pied d'alouette des 
 champs. It has been employed as a vermifuge. 
 The flowers have been used in ophthalmia, and 
 the seeds have the same property as those of 
 Stavesacre. 
 
 Delphinium Consolida, Delphinium — d. Se- 
 getum, Delphinium. 
 
 Delphin'ium Staphisa'geia. The systematic 
 name of the Staves'acre, Staphisagria, Phthciroc'- 
 tonv.m, Phthei'rium, Staphis, Pedicula'ria, (F.) 
 Staphisaigre, Hcrbe aux Poux, Dauphinelle. 
 The seeds have a disagreeable smell ; a nauseous, 
 bitterish, hot taste ; and are cathartic, emetic, 
 and vermifuge : owing, however, to the violence 
 of their operation, they are seldom given inter- 
 nally, and are chiefly used in powder, mixed with 
 hair powder, to destroy lice. The active prin- 
 ciple of this plant has been separated, and re- 
 ceived the name Delphin'ia. It is extremely 
 acrid, and has been recently used, like veratria, 
 in tic douloureux, paralysis and rheumatism. It 
 is used in the form of ointment, or in solution in 
 alcohol, (gr. x to xxx, or more, to ^j,X applied 
 externally. 
 
 DEiiPniN.TTM Versicolor, Delphinium. 
 
 DELPHYS, Uterus, Vulva. 
 
 DELTA, Vulva. 
 
 DELTIFORMIS, Deltoid. 
 
 DELTOID, BeltoVdea, Delto'dea, Deltoidetis, 
 Deltiform'is, from the Greek capital letter A, 
 isXra, and u5og, 'resemblance.' Sous-acromio- 
 clavi-humeral of Dumas ; Sus-acromio-Tiumeral 
 of Chaussier. A triangular muscle forming the 
 fleshy part of the shoulder, and covering the 
 shoulder-joint. It extends from the outer third 
 of the clavicle, from the acromion and spine of 
 the scapula, to near the middle and outer part 
 of the OS humeri, where it is inserted by means 
 of a strong tendon. This muscle raises the arm 
 directly upwards, when th« shoulder is iixed, and 
 carries it anteriorly or posteriorly, according to 
 the direction of the fibres, which are thrown into 
 action. If the arm be rendered immovable, the 
 deltoid acts inversely and depresses the shoulder. 
 
 DELUSION, Hallucination. 
 
 DEM EL MUCA. A name given by Prosper 
 Alpinus to a disease, which, he says, is proper 
 to Egypt. He considers it to be inflammation of 
 the brain ; but others describe it as a pernicious 
 intermittent. 
 
 DEMAGNETIZA'TION, Dema^netwa'ao. 
 The act of removing the condition of magneti- 
 Ration. 
 
 BEMANGEAISON, Itching. 
 
 DE^MANUS, Acheir. 
 
 bMiENCE, Dementia— tZ. Innee, Idiotism. 
 
 DEMENTED, Insane. 
 
 DEMEN'TIA, Amen'tia, Fatu'itas, Ana' a, 
 Anoe'sia, Deuteranae'a, Ecnce'a, Parance'a, Mo'- 
 ria demens, No'dstheni' a, Incohe'rency, ImheciV- 
 ity, Incohe'rent Insanity ; from de, ' fVom,' or 
 'out of,' and mens, 'mind,' or 'reason.' (F.) Be- 
 mence, Betise, In common parlance, and even 
 in legal language, this word is synonymous with 
 insanity. Physicians, however, have applied it 
 to those cases of unsound mind which are cha- 
 racterized by a total loss of the faculty of '.bought, 
 or by such an imbecility of intellee* that the 
 ideas are extremely incoheren(»> there being at 
 the same time a total loss of the power of rea- 
 Koning. ^ Mania and melancholy are apt to end 
 iu this, if possible, more depl6rable state. Dotage 
 is the Dementia of the aged — Mo'ria demens lere'- 
 tna, Lere'ma, Lere'nis, Lerus, DeUra'tio Senum, 
 Amen'tia Seni'lis, Pueril'Has, Delir'ium Seni'le, 
 Anll'itas, Senile Insanity, Senile Dementia, In- 
 sanity of th« a<feeU — a form of moral insanity, in 
 
 which the whole moral character of the individnai 
 is changed. 
 
 DEMI, Semi' — d. Bain, Semicupium — d. Epi- 
 neux, Semi-spinalis colli — d. Epineux du dos, 
 Semi-spinalis dorsi — d. Gantelet, Gantelet — d. 
 Literosseux du ponce, Plexor brevis pollicis ma- 
 nus — d. Lunaire, Semi-lunar — d. Memhranevx, 
 Semi-membranosus — d. Orbicularis, Orbicularis 
 oris — d. Tendinenx, Semi-tendinosus. 
 
 DEMISSIO ANIMI, Depression. 
 
 DEMISSOR, Catheter. 
 
 DEMODEX FOLLICULOE.UM, (%or, 'lard,' 
 and ^T)^, 'a boring worm,') Acarus folliculorum. 
 
 DEMONOMA'NIA, DcBmonomania, Theoma'- 
 nia, Entheoma'nia, from iaifiwv, 'demon,' a spirit 
 of good or evil, and fiavia, 'madness.' Beligious 
 insanity. A variety of madness, in which the 
 person conceives himself possessed of devils, and 
 is in continual dread of malignant spirits, the 
 pains of hell, &c. 
 
 DEM'ONSTRATOR, from demonstrare, {de 
 and monstrare,) 'to show;' 'exhibit.' One who 
 exhibits. The index finger. 
 
 Dem'onstrator of Anat'omy. One who ex- 
 hibits the part.s of the human body. A teacher 
 of practical anatomy. 
 
 DEMOTI'VUS LAPSUS, Eepenti'na mors, 
 from demovere, (de and movere,) 'to move oif,' 
 'remove,' and lapsus, 'a fall.' Sudden death. 
 
 DEMUL'CENTS, Demuleen'tia, Involven'tia, 
 Ohvolven'tia, Luhriean'tia, from demuleere, (de 
 and mtilcere,) 'to soothe,' 'to assuage.' (F.) 
 Adoncissants. Medicines supposed to be capable 
 of correcting certain acrid conditions imagined 
 to exist in the humours. Substances of a muci- 
 laginous or saccharine nature belong to this class. 
 Demulcents may act directly on the jifirts with 
 which they come in contact; but in other cases, 
 as in catarrh, their efi"ect is produced by contigu- 
 ous sympathy; the top of the larynx being 
 soothed by them first, and indirectly the inflamed 
 portion of the air-passages. In diseases of the 
 urinary organs, they have no advantage over 
 simple diluents. — See Diluents and Emollients. 
 The following are the chief demulcents ; — Acacifs 
 Gummi; Althasse Folia et Radix; Amygdalte ; 
 Amylum; Avenae Farina; Cera; Cetaceum ; €3-- 
 doniae Semina; Fucus Crispus; Glycyrrhiza ; 
 Hordeum; Lichen; Linum ; Olivas Oleum; Sas- 
 safras Medulla; Sesamum; Sevum; Tragacantha, 
 and Ulmus. 
 
 DEMUSCULA'TUS, from de, and mnscnhm, 
 'a muscle.' (E.) Deeharne. Emaciated, de^^id 
 of flesh. 
 
 DENiEUS, Chronic. 
 
 DENA'RIUS ; a Roman coin, equal in value 
 to about 10 cents, or 8 pence English. It was 
 marked with the letter X, to signify 10 asses. 
 
 Also, the 7th part of the Roman ounce. 
 
 DENDROLIBANUS, Rosmarinus. 
 
 DENERVATIO, Aponeurosis. 
 
 DEN'GUE, Dingec, Dvnga, Dandy, Bouquet 
 and Bucket Fever, Bheumatls'mtis fehri'lis, Sear- 
 lati'na rhcumat'ica, Exanthe'sis arthro'sia, Plait- 
 ta'ria, Febris exanthcmat'ica articula'ris, (F.) Gi- 
 raffe, Ernp'tive artie'ular fever, E. rheumat'ic 
 fever. A disease, which first appeared in the years 
 1827 and 1828, in the West Indies, and in the 
 southern states of North America. It was ex- 
 tremely violent in its symptoms, but not often 
 fatal. It usually commenced with great languor, 
 chilliness, and pain in the tendons about the 
 smaller joints. To these symptoms succeeded 
 burning heat and redness of the skin, pains in 
 the muscles of the limbs or in the forehead, with 
 vomiting or nausea. The. fever continued for 
 one, two or three days, and usually terminated 
 by copious perspiration. In different places, it 
 
DEISTIACH 
 
 2T7 
 
 DENTIFRICE 
 
 put on different appearances ; but seems in all to 
 have been a singular variety of rheumatic fever. 
 The usual antiphlogistic treatment was adopted, 
 and successfully. 
 
 DENIACH, MINERAL WATERS OP. De- 
 niach is a village in Swabia, at the entrance of 
 the Black Forest. The waters contain carbonic 
 acid, carbonate of iron, carbonate of lime, sul- 
 phate of magnesia, and carbonate of soda. 
 
 DENIGRA'TIO, from denigrare, {de, and ni- 
 ger,) 'to become black.' The act of becoming 
 black, as in cases of sphacelus, sugillation, &e. 
 
 DENS, Tooth — d. Leonis, Leontodon taraxa- 
 cum. 
 
 Dens Pro'lifer. A term used by Bartholin 
 for a supernumerary tooth, which appears to 
 grow upon a primitive or parent tooth. 
 
 BENT, Tooth — d. de Sagesse, see Dentition. 
 
 DENTAGOGUM, Dentagra. 
 
 DEN'TAGRA, Ben'ticeps, Dentar'paga, Denti- 
 du'ciurif Dentic' ulum, Beniago'gum, Benta'lisfor- 
 fex, For/ex denta'ria, Odonthar'paga, Odon'ta- 
 gra, Odontago'gon, from dens, ' a tooth,' and aypd) 
 'a seizure.' (E.) Davier, A tooth-forceps. 
 
 DENTAL, Benta'lis, Benta'rius, Denta'tus, 
 Benticula'tus, from dens, ' a tooth.' That which 
 doncerns the teeth. See Dentiformis. 
 
 Dental Arches, (F.) Arcades dentaires, are 
 the arches formed by the range of alveoli in each 
 jaw. 
 
 Dental Ar'teries are those arteries which 
 nourish the teeth. They proceed from several 
 sources. The teeth of the upper jaw, e. g., re- 
 ceive their arteries from the infraorbitar and 
 superior alveolar, — themselves branches of the 
 internal maxillary. The teeth of the lower jaw 
 receive their branches from the inferior dental 
 or inferior maxillary, which is given off by the 
 internal maxillary, and runs through the dental 
 canal, issuing at the mental foramen, after hav- 
 ing given numerous ramifications to the teeth 
 and jaw. 
 
 Dental Canals, (F.) Conduits dentaires, Max' - 
 illary canals. The bony canals, through which 
 the vessels and nerves pass to the interior of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Dental Car'tilage, Cartila'go denta'Us. The 
 cartilaginous elevation, divided by slight fissures, 
 on the biting margins of the gums in infants, 
 prior to dentition. It is a substitute for the teeth. 
 
 Dental Cav'ity, (F.) Cavite dentaire. A ca- 
 vity in the interior of the teeth in which is situate 
 the dental pulp. 
 
 Dental Fol'licle, Follic'ulus Dentis, Cap'sida 
 dentis, (F.) Follicule dentaire. A membranous 
 follicle, formed of a double lamina, in which the 
 teeth are contained before they issue from the 
 alveoli, and which, consequently, aids in the for- 
 mation of the alveolo-dental periosteum, and of 
 the membrane that envelops the pulp of the teeth. 
 The dental follicles are lodged in the substance 
 of the jaws. 
 
 Dental Gangrene, Caries Ben'tium, Odon- 
 talg" ia cario'sa, Odontonecro' sis, Odontosphacel'- 
 isis, Odontosphacelis'mus, Neero'sis Ben'titcm, 
 (F.) Carie des Bents. Gangrene or caries of the 
 teeth. See Caries. 
 
 Dental Nerves, (F.) Nerfs dentaires. Nerves 
 which pass to the teeth. Those of the upper in- 
 cisors and canine are furnished by the infra-or- 
 bitar nerve, a branch of the superior maxillary ; 
 and those of the molares by the trunk of the 
 same nerve. The teeth of the lower jaw receive 
 the nerves from the inferior maxillary, which, as 
 well as the superior maxillary, arises from the 
 5th pair. 
 
 Dental Pulp, Pidpa sen Nu'cleus seu Suh- 
 stan'tia palpo'aa dentis, Germen denta'le, (F.) 
 
 Pulpe dentaire. A pultaceous substance, of a 
 reddish-gray colour, very soft and sensible, which 
 fills the cavity of the teeth. It is well supplied 
 with capillary vessels. 
 
 Dental Surgeon, Dentist. 
 
 Dental Veins have a similar distribution with 
 the arteries. 
 
 DBNTALIS, Odontoid— d. Forfex, Dentagra. 
 
 DENTA'LIUM, from dens, 'a. tooth,' the dog- 
 like tooth shell. A genus of shells in the shape 
 of a tooth. They formerly entered into several 
 pharmaceutical preparations, but were useless 
 ingredients ; consisting — like shells in general — 
 of carbonate of lime and gelatin. 
 
 DENTARIA, Anthemis Pyrethrum, Plumbago 
 Europsea. 
 
 DENTARIUS, Dentist. 
 
 DENTARPAGA, Dentagra. 
 
 DENTATA VERTEBRA, Axis. 
 
 DENTATUS, Dental. 
 
 DENTELARIA, Plumbago Europaea. 
 
 BEN TELE ANTERIEUB PETIT, Peeto- 
 ralis minor — d. Grand, Serratus magnus — d. Pos- 
 terieur et inferieur, petit, Serratus posticus infe- 
 rior — d. Superieur, petit, Serratus posticus su- 
 perior. 
 
 DENTES, Teeth, see Tooth — d. Angulares, 
 Canine teeth— -d. Canini, Canine teeth — d. Cla- 
 vales. Molar teeth — d. Columellares, Canine teeth 
 -=— d. Ctenes, Incisive teeth — d. Cuspidati, Canine 
 teeth — d. Dichasteres, Incisive teeth — d. Gela- 
 sini. Incisive teeth — d. Gomphii, Molar teeth — 
 d. Incisores, Incisive teeth — d. Lactei, see Denti- 
 tion — d. Laniarii, Canine teeth — d. Maxillares, 
 Molar teeth — d. Molares, Molar teeth — d. Mor- 
 dentes. Canine teeth — d. Oculares, Canine teeth — 
 d. Prim ores. Incisive teeth — d. Rasorii, Incisive 
 teeth — d. Sapientise, see Dentition — d. Serotini, 
 see Dentition — d. Sophroretici, see Dentition — d. 
 Sophronista3, see Dentition — d. Sophronisteres, 
 see Dentition — d. Tomici, Incisive teeth. 
 
 DENTICEPS, Dentagra. 
 
 DENTICULA'TUM, {Ligamentum,) diminu- 
 tive of dens, ' a tooth.' Ligamen'tum denta'tum, 
 Membra'na denta'ta. A slender cord, situate be- 
 tween the anterior and posterior fasciculi of the 
 spinal nerves, and between the tunica arachnoi- 
 dea and pia mater. It is attached to the duia 
 mater, where that membrane issues from the cra- 
 nium, and accompanies the spinal marrow to its 
 inferior extremity. It sends off, from its outer 
 edge, about twenty slender processes, in the form 
 of denticuli, each of which passes outwards and 
 connects itself with the dura mater in the inter- 
 vals between the anterior and posterior roots of 
 the nerves. 
 
 DENTICULATUS, DentaL 
 
 DENTICULUM, Dentagra. 
 
 DENTICULUS, Crena. 
 
 DENTIDUCUM, Dentagra. 
 
 BENTIER, (F.) from dens, 'a tooth.' Ben- 
 ture. A set or row of teeth, mounted on metal 
 or ivory, to be adjusted to the alveolar margin. 
 Bentiers are simple or double. To the latter, that 
 is, to the full set. the name Rdteliers is given. 
 
 DEN'TIFORM, Bentiform'is, from dens, 'a 
 tooth,' and forma, ' form.' Resembling a tooth 
 in shape. 
 
 DENTIFORMIS, Odontoid. 
 
 DEN'TIFRICE, Bentifric" ium, Remed'iun, 
 dent ifric"i urn, Tooth poioder. Tooth paste, Odon- 
 totrim'ma, Odontosmeg'ma^ from dens, ' a tooth, 
 and fricare, 'to rub;' a name given to different 
 powders and pastes proper for cleansing the ena- 
 mel of the teeth, and removing tne Bartar whicii 
 covers them. Powdered bark and charcoal, 
 united to any acidulous salt — as cream of tartar 
 — form one of the most common do itif rices. 
 
DENTINAL 
 
 278 
 
 DEOBSTRUENT 
 
 Electuaire ou Opiate Dentifrice, of the Codes, 
 consists of coral Jiv, cuttlefish bones and cinna- 
 mon, aa ^ij, cochineal ^ss, honey ^x, alum gr. iv 
 or V. 
 
 Poudre Dentifrice of the Parisian Codex is 
 composed of Bole Armeniac, red coral, [prepared,] 
 and cuttlefish hones, aa ^y'}, dragon's blood S}^}, 
 cochineal ^}, cream of tartar ^ix, cinnamon yij, 
 cloves, gr. xij, well mixed. 
 
 Charcoal, finely powdered and mixed with 
 chalk, forms as good a dentifrice as any. 
 
 DEN'TINAL, Dentina'b's, from dens, 'a tooth.' 
 Relating to the dentine of the teeth. 
 
 DENTINE, see Tooth — d. Secondary, see 
 Tooth. 
 
 DENTISCAL'PIUM, from rfens, 'a tooth,' and 
 scalpere, ' to scrape.' Odonto' glyphum. This 
 word has been applied to the instrument used 
 for scaling the teeth ; to the tooth-pick, (F.) 
 Care-dent ; and to the gum lancet, — the dechaus- 
 soir of the French. 
 
 DENT'IST, Dentis'ta, Odontia'ter, Denta'rius, 
 Dental Surgeon, Surgeon-Dentist. One who de- 
 votes himself to the study of the diseases of the 
 teeth, and their treatment. 
 
 DEN'TISTRY, Odontotech'ny, Odontiatri'a, 
 Odontotherapi' a, Dental Surgery, The art of 
 the dentist. 
 
 DENTITIO, Dentition— d. Difficilis, Dysodon- 
 tiasis. 
 
 DENTIT"ION, Dentit"io, Denti'tis, Odonto- 
 phy'ia, Teething, Odonti'asis, Odonto'sis, from 
 dentire, 'to breed teeth.' The exit of the teeth 
 from the alveoli and gums ; or rather the pheno- 
 mena which characterize the diiferent periods of 
 their existence. The germs of the first teeth, 
 denies lac'tei or milk teeth, (F.) dens de lait, are 
 visible in the foetus about the end of the second 
 month; and they begin to be ossified from the 
 end of the third to that of the sixth month. At 
 birth, the corona of the incisors is formed, but 
 that of the canine is not completed; and the tu- 
 bercles of the molares are not yet all united. 
 Gradually the fang becomes developed; and at 
 about six or eight months begins what is com- 
 monly called, ih.Q first dentit"ion, Odon'tia denti- 
 tio'nis lactan'tium. The two middle incisors of 
 the lower jaw commonly appear first; and, some 
 time afterwards, those of the upper jaw ; after- 
 wards, the two lateral incisors of the lower jaw ; 
 and then those of the upper, followed by the four 
 anterior molares : the canine or eye-teeth, at first, 
 those of the lower, and, afterwards, those of the 
 upper jaw, next appear ; and, subsequently and 
 successively, the first 4 molares — 2 above and 2 
 below, 1 on each side. The whole number of 
 the primary, temporary, deciduous, shedding or 
 milk-teeth, [dentea tempora'rii,) (F.) Dents de lait, 
 is now 20. 
 
 The eruption of the milk-teeth takes place, ap- 
 proximately, in the following order : 
 
 Central incisors 6th to 8th month. 
 
 Lateral incisors 7th to 10th month. 
 
 First molar 12th to 14th month. 
 
 Canines 15th to 20th month. 
 
 Second molar 20th to 30th month. 
 
 The second dentition or shedding of the teeth, 
 odon'tia dentitio'nis pueri'lis, Dedentit"ion, be- 
 gins about the age of 6 or 7. The germs or mem- 
 branous follicles of these second teeth — to the 
 number of 32 — as well as the rudiments of the 
 teeth themselves, are visible, even in the foetus, 
 with the exception of those of the small molares, 
 which do not appear till after birth. They are 
 contained in alveoli of the same shape as those 
 »f th> first dentition. Their ossification com- 
 
 mences at from 3 to 6 months after birth, in the 
 incisors and first molares ; at eight or nine 
 months, in the canine; about three years, in the 
 molares, 3^^ in the second great molares, and 
 about 10 years in the last. As the alveolus of a 
 new tooth becomes gradually augmented, the 
 septum between it and that of the corresponding 
 milk tooth is absorbed, and disappears. The root 
 of the milk tooth is likewise absorbed; its corona 
 becomes loose and falls out, and all the first teeth 
 are gradually replaced by the permanent teeth, 
 Den'tes serot'ini. This second dentition becomes 
 necessary in consequence of the increased size 
 of the jaws. The new teeth have neither the 
 same direction nor the same shape as the old; 
 and they are more numerous, amounting till the 
 age of 25, (sooner or later,) to 28. About this 
 period, a small molaris appears at the extremity 
 of each jaw, which is called Dens sapien'ticB or 
 wisdom tooth, Dens serot'inus. Dens sojjhroret'icus, 
 D. sophronis'ta, D. sop»hronis'ter, (F.) Arriere- 
 dent, Dent de sagesae, making the whole number 
 of permanent teeth 32. 
 
 The eruption of the permanent teeth is remark- 
 able for its general regularity; so that it consti- 
 tutes an important means for ascertaining the 
 age of the individual during the early period of 
 life. 
 
 First molars 7th year. 
 
 Central incisors 8th year. 
 
 Lateral incisors 9th year. 
 
 First bicuspids 10th year. 
 
 Second bicuspids 11th year. 
 
 Canines 12th year. 
 
 Second molars 13th year. 
 
 The teeth of the lower jaw precede by a few 
 weeks those of the upper. 
 
 During the period of dentition, that is, of the 
 first dentition, the infant is especially liable to 
 disease; — the irritation, produced by the pressure 
 of the tooth on the superincumbent gum, some- 
 times occasioning pyrexia, convulsions, diarrhoea, 
 &c., which symptoms are often strikingly relieved 
 by a free division of the distended gum. This 
 disordered condition is called Teething, Odon'tia 
 dentitio'nis, Odonti'asis, Odontal'gia dentitio'nis, 
 Odaxis'miis. 
 
 DENTITIS, Dentition. 
 
 DENTIUM CORTEX, Enamel of the teeth— 
 d. Dolor, Odontalgia — d. Nitor, Enamel of the 
 teeth — d. Scalptura, (Lancing the gums,) see 
 Gum lancet — d. Vacillantia, Odontoseisis. 
 
 DENTO, from Dens, 'a, tooth.' One whose 
 teeth are prominent. 
 
 DENTOIDEUS, Odontoid. 
 
 DENTS BICUSPIDEES, Bicuspid teeth— rf. 
 Col des, CoUum dentium — d. Conoides, Canine 
 teeth — d. de Lait, see Dentition — d. JIdcheh'erea, 
 Molar teeth — d. Molaires, Molar teeth — d. Multi- 
 ciispidees, Molar teeth, great — d. (EiUieres, Ca- 
 nine teeth. 
 
 DENTURE, Dentier. 
 
 DENUDA'TION, Denuda'tio, Gyvmo'sis, from 
 denudare, [de, and nudare,) 'to lay bare.* Con- 
 dition of a part, deprived of its natural coverings, 
 whether by wounds, gangrene, or abscess. It is 
 particularly applied to the bones, when deprived 
 of their periosteum, and to the teeth when they 
 lose their enamel or dental substance. 
 
 DEOB'STRUENT, Deob'struens, Dephrnc'ti- 
 cum, Deoppii'lans, Deoppilati'vum, Eiphrac'tic, 
 from de, and obstrnere, [oh, and struere,) 'to ob- 
 struct.' (F.) Deaobstrtinnt, Desobstructif, Dcsopi- 
 latif, Desopilant. Medicines given with the view 
 of removing any obstruction. The word corre- 
 sponds to aperient, in its general, not in its par- 
 
DERODORIZER 
 
 279 
 
 DEPURATORY 
 
 ticular sense. It is now almost abandoned, and, 
 when used, conveys by no means definite ideas. 
 
 DEODORIZER, Antibromic. 
 
 DEONTOL'OGY, I)eontolog"la; from ra Scovra, 
 ' what is fitting or necessary,' and \oyos, ' a de- 
 scription.' A word introduced by Bentham to 
 signify morals, or the science of duties. 
 
 Med'ical Deontol'ogy, Deontolog"ia med'ica, 
 fF.) Deontologie medicale, Iledical ethics, J/e- 
 dical etiquette. The duties and rights of medical 
 practitioners. 
 
 DEOPPILATIVUM, Deobstruent. 
 
 DEPASCENS, Phagedenic. 
 
 DEPAUPERATUS, Impoverished. 
 
 DEPERDITIO, Abortion. 
 
 DEPHRACTICUM, Deobstruent. 
 
 DEPILATIF, DepCatory. 
 
 DEPILATIO, Alopecia— d. Capitis, Calvities. 
 
 DEPILA'TION, Depila'tio, Droj^acis'imis, Ma- 
 de' sis, iLad'isis, Psilo'sis, from de, and piliw, 'hair.' 
 Loss of hair, either spontaneously or by art. 
 
 DEP'ILATORY, Depilato'rium., Bropax, Psi- 
 lo'thron, Ectillot'icus, Epilato'rivm, (F.) Depila- 
 toire, Bepilatif. Any thing which causes the 
 loss of the hair. Depilatories are, usually caustic 
 applications, in which quicklime or some other 
 alkaline substance, sulphuret of iron, <tc., enter. 
 
 Depilatory, Colley's, seems to consist of 
 quicklime and a portion of sulphuret of potassa. 
 
 A pitch plaster, Pitch-cap, is sometimes used 
 as a depilatory. It of course pulls the hair out 
 by the roots. 
 
 Delcroix's depilatory, and Plenck's depilatory, 
 have a similar composition, 
 
 DEPI'LIS, same etymon. Devoid of hair. 
 Hairless. 
 
 DEPLE'TION, De]}le'tio, from depleo, ' I un- 
 load.' The act of unloading the vessels, by 
 blood-letting and the different evacuants. Also, 
 inordinate evacuation. 
 
 DEPLE'TORY, Deple'ting. Having relation 
 to depletion: — as 'a depletory or depleting agent.' 
 
 DEPLUMA'TIO, Ptilo'sis, from deplumis, {de 
 and plunia,) ' without feathers.' A disease of the 
 eyelids, in which they are swollen, and the eye- 
 lashes fall out. See Madarosis. 
 
 DEPOS'IT, Depos'itum, from dcpono, (de and 
 pono, ' to lay or put,') ' to lay or put down.' (F.) 
 Depot. Any thing laid or thrown down. In 
 physiology and pathology, a structureless sub- 
 stance, separated from the blood or other fluid, 
 as the typhous, tuberculous, purulent, melanic, 
 and diphtheritic deposits. 
 
 Depos'it, Feculence. 
 
 DEPOS'ITIVE, Bepositi'vus, from deponere, 
 (de &nd ponere,) to 'depose,' 'to put down.' An 
 epithet used by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to express 
 that condition of the membrane in which plastic 
 lymph is exuded into the tissue of the derma, so 
 as to give rise to the production of small bard 
 elevations of the skin, or pimples. Under " de- 
 positive inflammation of the derma," he comprises 
 Strophulus, lichen and prurigo. 
 
 DEPOT, Abscess, Sediment — d. Laiteuse sur 
 la Guisse, Phlegmatia dolens — d. de V Urine, Se- 
 diment of the urine. 
 
 DEPRAVATION, JDeprava'tio, from de and 
 pravus, 'bad.' Perversion, corruption; — as de- 
 pravation of the taste, <fec. 
 
 DEPREHENSIO, Diagnosis, Epilepsy. 
 
 DEPRES'SION, Bepres'sio, Impres'sio, from 
 deprimere, depressum (de, and premere,) 'to de- 
 press ;' Esphia'sis. In Anatomy, it means an 
 excavation, hollow, or fossa. In Surgery, it is 
 applied to a fracture of the cranium, in which 
 the portions of fractured bone are forced inwards; 
 (F.) Suhgrondation, Entablement ; called also, 
 
 Gatapi'esis, Campisis Bepres'sio, Thlasis Bepres'- 
 sio. Bopression, (F.) Abaissement, means Couch, 
 ing. — See Cataract. 
 
 Depression also means drjcction or dejectcdneai> 
 — Ademon' ia, Ademo' syne, Bemin'sio aitimi. 
 BEPRESSOIRE, Meningophylax. 
 DEPRESS'OR, (F.) Ahaisseur. Same etymon. 
 Several muscles have been so termed, because 
 they depress the parts on which thej'- act. 
 
 Depressor Al.« Nasi, B. la'bii snpcrio'ria 
 alaque nasi, Incisi'vus me'dius, Myrtifoi-'mis, 
 Bepressor Labii superio'ris pro'p>rius, Constricto'- 
 res ala'rum nasi ac dej)resso' res la'bii superio'ris, 
 Maxillo-alreoli-nasal — part of the lubialis, (Cb.,) 
 (F.) Abaisseur de I'aile du nez. It arises from 
 the superior maxillary bone immediately above 
 the junction of the gums with the two incisor 
 and canine teeth; and passes upwards to be in- 
 serted into the upper lip and root of the ala nasi, 
 which it pulls downwards. 
 
 Depressor An'guli Oris, Triangula' ris, De- 
 pressor labio'rum commu'nis, Bepressor labiorum, 
 (F.) Sousmnxillo -labial, Maxillo -labial (Ch.j, 
 Abaisseur de I'angle des levres ou Muscle 2'rinn- 
 gulaire. A muscle, situate at the lower part of 
 the face. Its form is triangular. It arises from 
 the outer oblique line on the lower jawbone, and 
 terminates in a point at the commissure of the 
 lips, which it pulls downwards. 
 
 Depressor La'bii Inferio'ris ; Qvadra'tits, 
 Quadra'tus menti, Bepressor labii inferio'ris pro'- 
 prius, — Mentonnier-labial, Mento-labial (Ch.), 
 (F.) Carre du Menton, Horippe du Jtfenton, Abais- 
 seur de la Icvre inferieure. A small, thin, and 
 quadrilateral muscle, which arises from the ex- 
 ternal oblique line of the lower jaw, and ascends 
 to the lower lip, where it becomes confounded 
 with the orbicularis oris. It pulls the lower lip 
 downwards and outwards. 
 
 Depressor Labii Superioris PEOPEirs, D. 
 Alee nasi — d. Labiorum communis, D. Anguli 
 oris — d. Oculi, Rectus inferior oculi. 
 
 Depressor Pal'pebr^e Inferio'ris. A fleshy 
 bundle, which forms part of the palpebralis 
 muscle. Heister describes it separately, but it is 
 not admitted now. 
 
 DEPRESSORIUM, Meninjjophylax. 
 
 DEPRIMENS AURICUL13E, Retrahens auris 
 — d. Maxillaj biventer, Digastricus — d. Oculi, 
 Rectus inferior oculi. 
 
 DEPRIMENTIA, Sedatives. 
 
 DEPURAN'TIA, from depurare, (de, and p"- 
 rtts,) 'to purify.' (F.) Bepiuratifs. Medicines 
 were formerly so called, which were supposed to 
 possess the property of removing, from the mass 
 of blood or humours, those principles which dis- 
 turbed their purity ; and of directing them to- 
 wards some one of the natural emunctories. The 
 juices of what were called anti-scorbutic herbs, 
 sulphur, and many other medicines, were ranked 
 under this class. 
 
 BEPURATTFS, Depurantia. 
 
 DEPURA'TION, Bepura'tio. Same etymon. 
 Catharis'mos, 3hinda'tio. In Pathology, depura- 
 tion has been used for the process by which na- 
 ture purifies the animal economy, either by the 
 agency of some eruptive disease, or some sponta- 
 neous evacuation, or by the assistance of medi 
 cine. See Clarification, and Depuratory. 
 
 DEPURATIVE. Depuratory. 
 
 DBP'TJRATORY. Same etymon. Bepurato 
 rius, Bepurative. That which causes depuration, 
 as the iirinary and cutaneous depurations. A].- 
 plied, also, to diseases, which have been consi- 
 dered capable of modifying the constitution a(.. 
 vantageously, by acting on the comnosition A 
 the fluids — such as certain eruptions, intermit- 
 
DERADEN 
 
 28t) 
 
 DERONCUS 
 
 lenta, &c. The word is, also, appropriated to 
 luedicines and diet, by which the same effect is 
 pought to be induced. 
 
 DER'ADEN, from Se(i^, 'the neck,' and aSijv, 
 ' a gland.' A gland in the neck. 
 
 DERADENI'TIS, from Sipv, 'neck;' aSqv, 'a 
 gland ;' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 liammation of the glands of the neck. 
 
 DERADENON'CUS, from Stpv, 'the neck,' 
 uirjv, ' a gland,' and oyKos, ' a swelling.' Tume- 
 faction of the glands of the neck. 
 
 DERANENCEPHA'LIA, from Sepv, 'neck,' 
 and anencephalia, ' absence of brain.' A mon- 
 strosity in which only a small portion of the 
 brain exists, resting on the cervical vertebrse — 
 more properly derencepha'lia. 
 
 DERANGED, Insane. 
 
 DERANGEMENT, Insanity. 
 
 DERBIA, Impetigo. 
 
 DERENCEPHALIA, Deranencephalia. 
 
 DERENCEPH'ALUS, from hpn, 'the neck,' 
 and Kc<pa\r!, 'head.' A monster whose brain is 
 in the neck. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 DERIS, Cutis. 
 
 DE^RIVANS, Deriyative. 
 
 BERIVATIF, Derivative. 
 
 DERIVA'TION, Beriva'tio, Beflec'tio, Pa.ro- 
 eheteu'sia, Antilep'sia, Antis'paais, Revul'aion, 
 Gura derivati'va seu rev^ilso'ria, from de, and 
 rivus, ' a river.' When a ' centre of fluxion' is 
 established in a part, for the purpose of abstract- 
 ing the excited vital manifestations from some 
 other, a derivation is operated. 
 
 The term Derivation has likewise been ap- 
 plied to the suction power of the heart, — an 
 agency in the circulation of the blood. 
 
 DERIVATIVE, Deflec'tens, Beri'vans, Beri- 
 vato'rius, from derivare, 'to drain off.' Antis- 
 pas'ticus, Revel'lent, Revul'sive, Revulsi'vus, Re- 
 vulao'riua, {'E.)Berivatif,Revuls{f. Same etymon. 
 A remedy, which by producing a modified action 
 in some organ or texture derives from the morbid 
 condition of some other organ or texture. Re- 
 vellents are amongst the most important reme- 
 dies : they include, indeed, every physical and 
 moral agent, which is capable of modifying the 
 function of innervation, and therefore almost 
 every article of the materia medica. The follow- 
 ing is a list of the chief local Derivatives. 
 
 1. Epispastics. — Acidum Aceticum, Acidum 
 Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Allium, Ammo- 
 nia, Ammoniacum, Asafoetida, Cantharis, Capsi- 
 cum, Galbanum, Olea Essentialia, Pix Abietis, 
 Sin apis. Caloric, Friction. 
 
 2. Vesicants. — Ammonia, Argent! Nitras, Can- 
 tharis, Cantharis Vittata, Hydrargyri lodidum 
 rubrum. Ranunculus, Sinapis, Caloric. 
 
 3. Suppurants. — Acida Mineralia, Antimonii 
 et Potassse Tartras, Cantharis, Mezereum, Pix 
 Abietis, Sabina, Tiglii Oleum, Fonticulus, Seta- 
 ceum. 
 
 4. — EscHAROTics. — A. Erodents. — Acidum 
 Aceticum, Acida Mineralia, Alumen Exsiccatum, 
 Argenti Nitras, Cupri Sub-Acetas, Cupri Sulphas, 
 Sabina, Saccharum Purissimum. — 
 
 B. Actual Cauterants. — Caloric, White Hot 
 Iron, Moxa. — 
 
 C. Potential Cauterants. — Acidum Arseniosum, 
 Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Anti- 
 iDonii Murias, Argenti Nitras, Calx, Potassa, 
 Potassa cum Calce, Zinci Chloridum. 
 
 DERIVATORIUS, Derivative. 
 
 DERMA, Cutis. 
 
 DERMAD, see Dermal Aspect. 
 
 DERMAL, Bermic, Berma'lis, Ber'micus, from 
 iepua, ' the skin.' Relating or belonging to the 
 ik'iK. 
 
 Dermal Aspect. An aspect towards the skin 
 or external surface. — Barclay. Bermad is used 
 adverbially by the same writer to signify 'to- 
 wards the dermal aspect.' 
 
 DERMAL'GIA, Bermatal'gia, Bermatodyn'in, 
 from Scpiia, 'the skin,' and aXyof, 'pain.' Paih 
 in the skin. Neuralgia of the skin. Rheumatic 
 Bermalyia or Rheumatism of tJie skin is a forni 
 of neuralgia, which is referred, at times, to the 
 nervous trunks, muscles, &c., but appears to bo 
 seated in the cutaneous nerves. 
 
 DERMATAGRA, Pellagra. 
 
 DERMATALGIA, Dermalgia. 
 
 DERMATAUXE, Dermatophyma. 
 
 DERMATIATRI'A, from iepfia, 'skin,' and 
 larpeia, 'healing.' Healing of cutaneous diseases. 
 The treatment of diseases of the skin. Biadtr- 
 miatri'a, Bermatocrati'a. 
 
 DERMATITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 DERMATOCHOLOSIS, Icterus. 
 
 DERMATGCHYSIS, Anasarca. 
 
 DERMATOCRATIA, see Dermatiatria. 
 
 DERMATODES, Dermatoid. 
 
 DERMATODYNIA, Dermalgia. 
 
 DER'MATOID, BermatoV des, Bermato'dex, 
 BermoVdes, Bermo'des, Bermoid, from Stp/ia, 'the 
 skin,' and ti6os, 'form.' That which is similar 
 to the skin. This name is given to different tis- 
 sues, which resemble the skin. The dura mater 
 has been' so called by some. 
 
 3Iorhi dermato'des, chronic cutaneous diseases. 
 
 DERMATOL'OGY, Bermatolog"ia, Bermol'- 
 ogy, from &c.pna, 'the skin,' and yKoyoi, 'a dis- 
 course.' A discourse or treatise of the skin. 
 
 DERMATOPATHIA, Cutaneous disease. 
 
 DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS, Induration 
 of the cellular tissue. 
 
 DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS, Induration of 
 the cellular tissue. 
 
 DERMATOPHY'MA, Z)e»-mato«x'e, from <5£p;ia, 
 ' skin,' and (pvjxa, ' tumour.' A tumefaction of 
 the skin.' 
 
 DERMATOPHYMATA VENEREA, Condy- 
 lomata. 
 
 DERMATORRH AG"IA, Bermaiorrhce'a, from 
 Sepita, 'skin,' and payrj, 'rupture.' A discharge 
 of blood from the skin. 
 
 DERMATORRHCEA, Dermatorrhagia. 
 
 DERMATOSCLEROSIS, Callosity. 
 
 DERMATOSES, Cutaneous diseases. 
 
 BER3IAT0SIES VEROLEUSES, Syphi- 
 lides. 
 
 DERMATOSPASMUS, Horrida cutis. 
 
 DERMATOTYLOMA, Callosity. 
 
 DERMATOTYLOSIS, Callosity. 
 
 DERMATOTYLUS, Callosity. 
 
 DERMIC, Ber'micus, Bermat'icus, Bermati- 
 nus, Bermatic, Bermal, Berma'lis ; from Sipiia, 
 'skin.' Relating to the skin. 
 
 DERMITIS, Cytitis. 
 
 DERMODES, Dermatoid. 
 
 DERMOG'RAF tn:,Bermograp7i'ia,{Tom5!:piJ>a, 
 'the skin,' and ypafw, 'I describe.' An anato- 
 mical description of the skin. 
 
 DERMOH^'MIA, from Scpua, 'skin,' and 
 'atfia, ' blood.' Hj'persemia or congestion of the 
 skin. 
 
 DERMOID, Dermatoid. 
 
 DERMOLOGY, Dermatoloffy. 
 
 DERMO-SKELETON. see Skeleton. 
 
 BERMO-SYPHfLIBES, Si/philides. 
 
 DERMOT'OMY, Beniwtom'ta, from Sepixa, 'the 
 skin,' and tc/jivciv, 'to cut.' The part of anatomy 
 which treats of the structure of the skin. 
 
 DERODYMUS. Dicephahis. 
 
 DERONCUS, Bronchocelc. 
 
DERTRON 
 
 281 
 
 DETRUNCATION 
 
 DERTRON. This word, which is used by 
 Hippocrates, signified, according to some, the 
 omentum or peritoneum, but according to others, 
 the small intestine. See Epiploon. 
 
 Disarticulation; (f.), from de, and 
 
 articidus, 'a joint.' Disjointing. A word used 
 to express the part of the operation, in amputa- 
 tion at an articulation, which consists in dividing 
 tlie ligaments, and separating the articular sur- 
 faces. The word has, also, been used for that 
 kind of anatomical preparation, the object of 
 which is to separate the different bones of the 
 skeleton, and especially those of the head. 
 
 DESGALORInMsES, from de, 'from,' and 
 calor, ' heat.' A name given by Baumes to dis- 
 eases which are characterized by diminished heat. 
 
 DESCEMBT, MEMBRANE OP, see Aqueous 
 Humour, and Cornea. 
 
 DESCEMETI'TIS. A term improperly formed, 
 and really signifying 'inflammation of Descemet.' 
 Inflammation of the membrane of Descemet. 
 
 DESCENDENS NONI, see Hypoglossus. 
 
 DESCENSIO, Catabasis. 
 
 DESCENSUS, Catabasis — d. Testiculorum, 
 Orchido-catabasis. 
 
 DESCENTS, Rernia—d. de la Matrice, Pro- 
 cidentia uteri. 
 
 DE^SECTUS, Castratus. 
 
 DESENFLURE, Ditumescence. 
 
 DESICCANTIA, Desiccativa. 
 
 DESICCATIO, Draining. 
 
 DESICCATION, Drying. 
 
 DESICCATI'VA, Deaican'tia, Siccan'tia, Ex- 
 siccati'va, from desiccare, (de, and sicoa7-e,) ' to 
 dry up.' (P.) Dessiccatifg. Remedies, which, 
 when applied externally, dry up the humours or 
 moisture from a wound. 
 
 DESIPIENTIA, Delirium. 
 
 DESIRE, Libido — d. Venereal, Appetite, ve- 
 nereal, see Libido. 
 
 DES'M A, Des'me, Des'mus. A bandage, a liga- 
 ment. Hence : 
 
 DESMATUR'GIA, from Ssc/ta, 'bandage,' and 
 ipyov, 'work.' The doctrine of the application 
 of bandages. Bandaging. 
 
 DESMEDION, Fasciculus. 
 
 DESMEUX, Ligamentous. 
 
 DESMI'TIS, DesmopMogo'sis, DesmopJiIog"ia, 
 from ^£<r/ji7, ' a ligament,' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of ligaments. 
 
 DESMOCHAUNO'SIS, from Sea^iog, 'ligament,' 
 and ^avvwiTi;, 'relaxation.' Relaxation of an ar- 
 ticular ligament. 
 
 DESMODYN'IA, from ieiriiv, 'ligament,' and 
 oSvvi], 'pain.' Pain in the ligaments. 
 
 DESMOG'RAPHY, Desinograph'ia, from 5£<7- 
 His, 'a ligament,' and ypa(prj, 'a description.' An 
 anatomical description of the ligaments. 
 
 DESMOID TISSUE, from Stafio;, 'a ligament,' 
 and ci6o;, 'shape.') Ligamen'tous Tissue, Teoctns 
 desmo'sug. This tissue is very generally diffused 
 over the human body; has a very close connexion 
 with the areolar tissue, and is continuous with it 
 in divers places. It constitutes the ligaments, 
 aponeuroses, &c. 
 
 DESMOL'OGY, Desmolog" ia, from Seafto;, 'a 
 ligament,' and Xoyoj, 'a discourse,' 'a treatise.' 
 That part of anatomy which describes the liga- 
 ments. 
 
 DESMOPHLOGIA, Desraitis. 
 
 DBSMORRHEX'IS, from Secpios, 'a ligament,' 
 and pi7s's, 'rupture.' Rupture of an articular 
 ligament. 
 
 DESMOS, Ligament. 
 
 DESMOSUS, Ligamentous. 
 
 DESMOT'OMY, i>es»ioto»!Va, from Sccitog, 'a 
 ligament,' and rsuvsiv, 'to cut.' The part of 
 
 anatomy which teaches the mode of dissecting 
 the ligaments. 
 
 D^SOBSTRUANT, Deobstruent 
 
 DESOBSTRUCTIF, Deobstruent. 
 
 DESOPILATIF, Deobstruent. 
 
 DESORGANISA TION, Disorganization. 
 
 DESOXYGENESES, from de, and oxygen. 
 M. Baumes includes under this title an order of 
 diseases, which he considers dependent upon a 
 diminution in the quantity of the oxygen neces- 
 sary for the animal economy. 
 
 DESPOTATS, (P.) Infirm soldiers, formerly 
 charged with the ofiice of removing the wounded 
 from the field of battle : perhaps from desporta'- 
 tor, ' one who bears away.' The class of Despo- 
 tats was introduced by Leo VI., at the commence- 
 ment of the 9th century. 
 
 DESPUMA'TION, Despuma'tio, Apaphris'mos, 
 Epaphris'mos, from despumare, [de, and spuma,) 
 ' to skirr ' ' to remove the froth.' The separation 
 of the ijoth and other impurities, which rise, by 
 the action of the fire, to the surface of any fluid. 
 
 DESQUAMA'TION, Desquama'tio Cutis, Ec- 
 lep'ieis, Aposyr'ma, Apolep'isis, Ap)olepis'mu8, 
 Moulting, from desquamare, (de, and squama, ' a 
 scale,') ' to scale off.' Exfoliation, or separation 
 of the epidermis, in the form of scales, of a greater 
 or less size. This affection is a common eonse 
 quence of exanthematous diseases. 
 
 DESQUAMATORIUS, Exfoliative. 
 
 DESSECHE3IENT, Atrophy, Draining. 
 
 DESSICATIFS, Desicativa. 
 
 DESTILLATIO, Coryza, Distillation— d. Pec- 
 toris, Catarrh. 
 
 DESTRUCTIO, Diaphthora. 
 
 DESUDA'TIO, Ephidro'sis, Sudam'ina, Hi. 
 dro'a, from desudare, (de, and sudare, ' to sweat.') 
 Desudation means a profuse and inordinate sweat- 
 ing, a mucksweat ; but, most commonly, the term 
 is applied to an eruption of small pimples, similar 
 to millet seed, which appears chiefly on children, 
 and is owing to want of cleanliness. 
 
 DESYMPHYSER, see Symphyseotomy. 
 
 DETENTIO, Catalepsy. 
 
 DETERGENS, Abstergent. 
 
 DETER'GENTS, from detergere, (de, and ter- 
 gere, 'to clean,') 'to cleanse.' Detergen'tia, De- 
 terso'ria, Extergen'tia, Abstergen'tia, Abstersi'va, 
 Absterso'ria, Abluen'tia, Traumat'ica, Smec'- 
 tica, Emvndan'tia, Mundijicati'va, Mundifican'' 
 tia, Rhyp' tica, Abster'sives, (P.) Detersifs, Mundi- 
 ficatifs. Medicines, which possess the power to 
 deterge or cleanse parts, as wounds, ulcers, <fec. 
 They belong to the class of stimulants, or to that 
 of emollients. 
 
 DETERMINA'TION, Determina'tio, from de, 
 and terminus, ' a boundary.' Strong direction to 
 a given point ; — as 'a determination of blood to 
 the head.' 
 
 DETERSIFS, Detergents. 
 
 DETERSORIA, Detergents. 
 
 DETERSO'RIUM, from detergere, 'to cleanse.' 
 The place, in ancient bathing establishments^ 
 where the bather was cleansed and dried. 
 
 DETESTATIO, Castratio. 
 
 DETORSE, Sprain. 
 
 DETRACTIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting. 
 
 DETRI'TUS, from deterere, (de, and terere,) 
 'to bruise or wear out.' The residuum, occupying 
 the place of the organic texture of parts which 
 have undergone disorganization. 
 
 DETROIT ABDOMINALE, Pelvis (brim)-- 
 d. Inferieur, Pelvis (outlet) — d. Perineal, Pelvis 
 (outlet) — d. Snperieur, Pelvis (brim.) 
 
 DETRONCATION, Detruncatio. 
 
 DETRUNCA'TION, Detrunea'tio, (¥.) Ditrofir- 
 cation, from de, and truncus, ' a trunk.' S«par*« 
 
DETEUSION 
 
 282 
 
 DIABETES 
 
 tion of the trunk from the head of the foetns, the 
 latter remaining in the uterus. 
 
 DETRTJ'SION, Detni'sio; same etymon as the 
 next. The act of thrusting or forcing down or 
 away. Applied by Dr. Walshe to lateral displace- 
 ment of the heart by extraneous pressure. 
 
 DETRU'SOR URI'N^, Protru'sor, from de- 
 trudere, [de, and trudere,) 'to thrust down or 
 from.' The muscular coat of the urinary bladder 
 was formerly so called. It was, also, named 
 Constrictor Vesi'cm Urina'ricp.. 
 
 BE TUMESCENCE {¥.), Detnmeseen'tia, from 
 detnmere, [de, and tumere,) 'to cease to swell.' A 
 diminution of swelling. This word has nearly 
 the same signification as the French word Desen- 
 flure. The latter is, however, more particularly 
 applied to the diminution of oedema or anasarca; 
 the former, to the resolution of a tumour properly 
 60 called. 
 
 DEUNX. The ancient name of a weight of 11 
 ounces, supposing the pound to consist of 12. 
 
 DEURENS (FERRIS,) Causus. 
 
 DEUS COPULATIONIS, Cupido. 
 
 DEUTERANCEA, Dementia. 
 
 DEUTERI'A, from ^rartpo?, 'the second.' Vo- 
 gel has used this term for the symptoms produced 
 by retention of the secundines. The Avord was 
 iijso applied, by the Greeks, to a second or infe- 
 rior wine. 
 
 DEUTERION, Secundines. 
 
 DEUTEROPATHI'A, Hysteropathi'a, Morbus 
 secnnda'rhis, from ievrtpos, 'the second,' and 
 tra^og, ' disease.' A secondai-y disease. One pro- 
 duced by another, and of which it is only, in 
 some measure, symptomatic, or the sympathetic 
 effect. 
 
 DEUTEROS'COPY, Deuteroscop'ia, from Sev- 
 rspof, 'the second,' and o-KOTrtw, 'I view.' Se- 
 cond sight. A fancied power of seeing future 
 things or events. 
 
 DEUTO, SsvTepo;, 'second.' A prefix denoting 
 two, or double, — as deutoxide, having two degrees 
 of oxidation. 
 
 DEVEL'OPMENT, Evolu'tio, from (F.) deve- 
 lopper, ' to unfold.' In Physiology, it means 
 growth or increase; and in Pathology, its signi- 
 fication is similar. By development of the pulse, 
 e. g. is understood an increase in its strength and 
 fulness. Diseases of development, ilorhi evolu- 
 tio'nia, are such as are peculiar to the period of 
 growth. 
 
 'Taking Developments.' A term used by 
 practical craniologists to signify the act of mea- 
 suring prominences of the skull, which are re- 
 garded by them as indicating the size of corre- 
 Bponding cerebral organs. 
 
 Development, Vesicle of, see Vesicle of De- 
 velopment. 
 
 DEVERTICULUM, Diverticulum. 
 
 DEVIA'TION, Bevia'tio, from de, 'from,' and 
 via, ' the way.' Out of the way. i3y this word 
 is meant — a vicious curvature of the spine or 
 other bones ; — faulty direction of the teeth or 
 other part ; — the passage of blood, bile, urine, 
 milk, <fcc., into vessels not natural to them. 
 
 BEVIATION BES BE OLE S, Menstruation 
 (vicarious.) 
 
 DEVIL IN A BUSH, Nigella— d. Bit, Vera- 
 trum viride. 
 
 DEVIL'S BIT, Aletris farinosa, Scabiosa suc- 
 ?iRa- Ghamaalirium luteum — d. Bite, Liatris — d. 
 Dung, Asafoetida — d. Shoestrings, (Jalega Virgi- 
 nian a. 
 
 DEVIRGINATIO, Defloration, Stuprum. 
 lJ&V01EMENT,J)i&nh^su 
 
 DEWBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus CECsiua 
 — d. Plant, Rubus esesius. 
 
 DEWCLAWS, Crusta genu equina. 
 
 DEXIS, Degmus. 
 
 DEXOCAR'DIA, from ^z^iog, 'right,' and Kap- 
 hia, ' the heart.' A case in which the heart i» 
 found to beat on the right side. It is met with 
 occasionally in pleurisy and pneumothorax. 
 
 DEX'TANS. A weight of 10 ounces, suppos- 
 ing the pound to consist of 12. 
 
 DEXTERINA, Dextrine. 
 
 DEXTRAD, from dexter, 'right-handed.' A 
 term used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify 
 ' towards the dextral aspect.' See Mesial. 
 
 Dextral Aspect, see Mesial. 
 
 DEXTRAL'ITY, from dexter, 'right.' The 
 state of being on the right side. Right-handed- 
 ness. The state of being right-handed. 
 
 DEXTRIN, Bextrine, Bextri'num, Bexteri'va, 
 British gum, from dexter, 'right-handed.' So 
 called, from its refracting the rays, in the polari- 
 zation of light, more to the right hand than any 
 substance known. A substance obtained by the 
 continued action of diluted sulphuric acid upon 
 starch at the boiling point. It is used in the 
 treatment of fractures, by the 'immovable appa- 
 ratus.' The bandages are soaked in a solution, 
 in water, of the dextrine — previously moistened 
 thoroughly with tincture of camphor, to prevent 
 it from leaking when the water is added. The 
 solution should be of the consistence of molasses. 
 
 DEXTRINUM, Dextrine. 
 
 DI, 6i, Sti, 'bis, twice, double.' Hence, Biero- 
 tus, Bigastricus, &c. 
 
 DIA, (5ta, in composition, 'through, asunder, 
 out of, separated.' When prefixed to any thera- 
 peutical agent, it meant, in ancient pharmacj', a 
 preparation into which that agent entered. 
 
 DIABE^BOS, Astragalus, Malleolus. 
 
 BIABETE, Diabetes— tZ. Chyleux, Chyluria— 
 d. Faux, see Diabetes — d. Insipide, see Diabetes 
 — d. Sucre, Diabetes (mellitus.) 
 
 DIABE'TES, from 6ia, 'through,' and jSaivu, 
 ' I pass.' Vri'ncB . proflii'vium, Hyperdiure' sis, 
 Siptho uri'ncB, Urorrhag"ia, Polyu' ria, Hydropts 
 ad mat'idam, H. Matel'lce, Polyure'sis, Uroze'mia, 
 Ureorrhoe' a, Bip'sacos, Biarrhoe'a in Vrind, B. 
 iirino'sa, (F.) Biabete, Flux d' Urine. A disease, 
 characterized by great augmentation and often 
 manifest alteration in the secretion of urine ; with 
 excessive thirst, and progressive emaciation. Cul- 
 len has described two species: — Biabetes ivsip'- 
 idus and B. 3feUi'tus; the former, (F.) Biabete 
 faux ou insipide, Biabete, being, simplj', a super- 
 abundant discharge of limpid urine, of its usual, 
 urinary taste : the latter, B.MeUi'tus, called, also, 
 Par u' ria Melli'ta, Biabetes An'gUcus, B. verus, 
 Bfelitu'ria, Ghteosu'ria, Glycyrrhce'a urino'sa, 
 Uroze'mia melli'ta, Saccharorrhce'a urino'sa, 
 PhtMsu'ria, Uro-phthi'sis, Tabes diuret'ica sen 
 diabe'tica, Byspep'sia saccharii/"ena, Apoceno'- 
 sis Biabetes ilcUi'tus, Sac'cJiarine diabetes, (F.) 
 Biabete sucre, Hyperurorrhee saccharine, Phthi- 
 surie sucree, — falls under the definition given 
 above. The quantity of urine, discharged in the 
 24 hours, is sometimes excessive, amounting to 
 30 pints and upwards ; each pint containing 
 sometimes 2i oz. saccharine matter. This re- 
 places the urea, which is not found in quantity 
 in the urine of those labouring under diabetes. 
 Where the disease is situate is not clear. The 
 whole system of nutrition, however, seems to be 
 morbidly implicated. A part of the urine must 
 be formed at the expense of the system, as the 
 egesta frequently far exceed the solid and liquid 
 ingosta. On dissection, no morbid appearance is 
 met with, sufficient to enable us to fix on the seat 
 of this distressing affection. 
 
DIABETIC 
 
 ^83 
 
 DIURESIS 
 
 All the remedies that have heen tried have 
 usually been found insufficient in B. Mellitus, 
 
 D.insip'idtis, Hyperure'sia aquo'sa, Hydru'ria, 
 Hydrare'sis, Paru'ria incon'tinena aquo'sa, Dia- 
 be'tes spu'rius, Urorrlice'a, U'real Diabetes, (F.) 
 Polyurie, Hyperurrorrhee, Diahete insijiide, Faux 
 diahete, which occurs in hysterical habits, and 
 has, hence, been called D. hyster'icus, is of com- 
 paratively trifling moment. Exclusive diet, and 
 attention to the state of the cutaneous transpira- 
 tion, which have sometimes produced good effects 
 in D. Mellitus, have most commonly failed. 
 
 Diabetes Anglicus, see Diabetes — d. Chylo- 
 sus, Chyluria — d. Insipidus, see Diabetes — d. 
 Lactea, Chyluria — d. Mellitus, see Diabetes — d. 
 Spurius, see Diabetes — d. Ureal, see Diabetes — 
 d. Verus, Diabetes (mellitus.) 
 
 DIABET'IC, Diabe'ticus. Same etymon. Ee- 
 lating to diabetes. 
 
 Diabetic Sugar, Glucose. 
 
 DIABOT'ANUM, from Sta, and PoTavv, 'an 
 herb.' A medicine, prepared with herbs. — Galen. 
 
 DIABROSIS, Erosion, Corrosion. 
 
 DIABRO'TICUS, from oia, and PpoKTKoi, 'I eat 
 or corrode.' A substance, capable of causing ero- 
 sion of the part to which it is applied. It ordina- 
 rily means a medicine, whose activity places it 
 between escharotics and caustics. See Corrosive. 
 
 DIACAR'YON, from Sia, and Kapvov, ' a nut.' 
 Hob nucum. The rob of nuts or of walnuts. 
 
 DIACASSIA CUM MANNA, Confectio cassic^. 
 
 DIACATHOL'ICON, Diacathol'icum, from iia, 
 and Ka^oXiKos, ' universal.' The name of a purge, 
 so called from its general usefulness. It was an 
 electuary, and composed of the pulp of cassia, 
 tamarinds, leaves of senna, root of polypody, flow- 
 ers of the violet, rhubarb root, aniseed, sugar, 
 liquorice, and fennel. 
 
 DIACAU'SIS, from SiaKavoi, 'I burn.' Esces- 
 tive heat. Over-heating. 
 
 DIACAUST'IC, Diacaiist'icus. Same etymon. 
 That which is caustic by refraction ; as a double 
 convex lens, which has been sometimes used for 
 cauterizing an ulcer by directing the sun's rays 
 upon it. 
 
 DIACELTATESSON PARACELSI, Pulvis 
 Cornachini. 
 
 DIACHALA'SIS, from Sia^aXasiv, 'to be open 
 or relaxed." Hippocrates uses this word for frac- 
 ture of the bones of the skull ; or for relaxation 
 and separation of the sutures, in consequence of 
 a wound of the head. — Hippocrates. 
 
 DIACHALCIT'EOS, from Sta, and ^aA/ciTij, 
 ' ehalcitis or colcothar.' A plaster, whose com- 
 position is the same as that of the diapalma, 
 except that, in place of the sulphate of zinc, a 
 mixture of oil and colcothar is substituted. 
 
 DIACHEIRIS'MOS, Diacheir'isis, Tracta'tio 
 manua'ria, from iia, and %s(p, ' the hand.' The 
 preparation, administration, and dispensing of 
 medicines. — Hippocrates. 
 
 DIACHORE'MA, Biachore' sis, from 5ja;^fc)p£0), 
 ' I separate from.' Every kind of excreted mat- 
 ter and excretion ; but more particularly the 
 faeces and alvine excretion. — Foesius, Gorraeus. 
 See Excrement. 
 
 DiACHOREMA Xysmatodes, 866 Ramcnta intes- 
 tinorum. 
 
 DIACHORESIS, Excretion. 
 
 DIACHRISIS, Inunction, 
 
 DIACHRIST'A, from &La, and xp'", 'I anoint.' 
 Medicines, applied as abstergents to the velum 
 palati, the palate itself, the tongue, <fcc. Pro- 
 bably gargles. — Paulus of Mginm. 
 
 DIACH'YLON, Biath'ylum, Emplas'trum di- 
 tLch'ylon, irom &ia, and ')(v\oi, 'juice;' i, e. com- 
 
 posed of juices. The plaster of this name vvaa 
 formerly made of certain juices. The term is 
 now confined to the Emplastrust Pldmbi or 
 Lead Plaster. 
 
 Diachylon cuir Gummi, Emplastrum gummo- 
 sum — d. Gomme, Emplastrum cum guinmi-resini? 
 — d. Gum, Emplastrum gummosum — d. Magnum 
 cum gummi, Emplastrum galbani comp. — d. Sim- 
 plex, Emplastrum plumbi — d. White, Emplastrum 
 plumbi — d. Yellow, Emplastrum gummosum. 
 
 DIACHYT'ICA, from 6ta, and x^''^> 'I POur 
 out.' Medicines which discuss tumours. 
 
 DIACINE'MA, from ka, and Kiveta, 'I move.' 
 A slight dislocation. — Celsus, Galen. A sub- 
 luxation. 
 
 DIACLASIS, Refraction. 
 
 DIAC'LYSIS, Biaclys'mus, from Sia, and k^v- 
 ^£iv, 'to wash out.' Rinsing or cleansing — espe- 
 cially of the mouth. 
 
 DIACLYSMA, Gargarism. 
 
 DIACOCCYMELON, Diaprunum. 
 
 DIACODION, Syrupus papaveris. 
 
 DIACO'DIUM, Confec'tioex Capit'ibus Papav'- 
 eris, from Sin, and KoiSta, 'a poppyhead.' (F.) 
 Diacode. The ancients had various forms for 
 preparing it. The Syrup of Poppies — jSyr'npus 
 Papav'eris seu Biaco'dion — is now substituted 
 for it. 
 
 DIACOPE, Abscission, Dissection, Intersection. 
 
 DiAc'oPE, En' cope, from iia, and Korrrtiv, ' to 
 cut.' A cut, incision, fissure, or longitudinal 
 fracture. When used, since Galen, it generally 
 signifies an oblique incision, made in the cranium 
 by a sharp instrument, without the piece being 
 removed. It is not now employed. 
 
 DiAC'oPE Cra'nii, Praicis'io seu Bissec'tio 
 Cra'nii. Opening the head; and separation of 
 the bones of the cranium. 
 
 DIACOPR^'GIA, from Sta, Ko^pog, 'excre- 
 ment,' and aif, aiyo;, 'a goat.' A name given, 
 in Blancard's Lexicon, to a medicine, composed 
 of goat's dung, which the ancients j)raised in dis- 
 eases of the spleen, parotids, &c. 
 
 DIAC'RISES, from Sta, and*pn'w, 'I separate.' 
 A class of diseases characterized by alterations 
 of secretion. — Gendrin. 
 
 DIACRIT'ICA SIG'NA. Same etymon. 
 Signs by which one disease can be accurately 
 discriminated from another: — differen'tial diag~ 
 no' sis. 
 
 DIACYDONITES, Cydoniatum. 
 
 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA, Geoffrjea 
 vermifuga. 
 
 DIADE'MA, Fascia cap'ifis, Redimic'ulum, 
 from Sia&tiji, {Sta, and Ssiv, 'to bind.') 'I sur- 
 round.' A sort of bandage ; advised in headach, 
 in which relaxation of the sutures was appre- 
 hen ded. — Forestus. 
 
 DIADEX'IS, Biad'oche, Mefafopfo'sis, from 
 SiaSf)(o)iai, (Sia, and Seconal, 'to take or receive.') 
 'I transfer,' 'I succeed to.' A transformation 
 of a disease into another, differing from the 
 former both in its nature and seat. 
 
 DIADOCHE, Diadexis. 
 
 DIAD'OSIS, from SiaStS(aitt, 'to distribute.' 
 In some authors, it means the distribution of 
 nutritive matter over the whole body, — in other 
 words, mitrition ; whilst, in others, it is synony- 
 mous with the remission or cessation of a disease 
 
 DI^DCE'US, from Si, 'double,' and aiSoia, 'tho 
 parts of generation.' A monster whose organs 
 of generation and urinary bladder are double. It 
 has only been observed in animals. 
 
 DI.^'RESIS, from Siaipta, [Sia, and aiptto, 'I 
 take away,') 'I divide,' 'I separate.' A division 
 or solution of continuity. A surgical operatioa. 
 
DI^RETICUS 
 
 284 
 
 DIAPHKAGM 
 
 ■which consists in dividing any part of the hody. 
 flmmorrhag" ia per diee'resin is hemorrhage ow- 
 ing to separation or division of vessels. 
 
 Diuresis Ungulje, Onychoptosis. 
 
 DI^RETICUS, Caustic. 
 
 DI^TA, Diet — d. Lactea, Galactodiseta. 
 
 DliETE'MA has the same signification as 
 diet, with most authors. Galen gives it a more 
 extensive meaning, comprising, under it, what 
 constitutes Hygiene. 
 
 DI^TETICA, Dietetics. 
 
 DIAGNOSE, Diagnosticate. 
 
 DIAGNO'SIS, Bif/no'tto, JDiagnos'tice, Bepre- 
 hen'sio, from Sia, and ytvocrKO), ' I know.' Discri- 
 mination, (F.) Diagnose, Diagnostique. That part 
 of medicine whose object is the discrimination of 
 diseases, the knowledge of the pathognomonic 
 signs of each. It is one of the most important 
 branches of general pathology. 
 
 Diagnosis, Differential, see Diacritica signa. 
 
 DIAGjSTOS'TIC, Disereti'vus, Biagnos'ticus ; 
 same etymon. A symptom which is characteris- 
 tic of a disease. 
 
 DIAGNOS ' TICATE, — sometimes diagnose. 
 To discriminate one disease or phenomenon from 
 another. 
 
 DIAGRYDIUM, Convolvulus scammonia. 
 
 Diagryd'ium Cydonia'tuii, from diagrydium, 
 'scammony,' and eydonium, 'quince.' A phar- 
 maceutical preparation, obtained by inspissating 
 and drying, by means of heat, two parts of scam- 
 mony and one of quince juice. It was formerly 
 used as an energetic purgative. 
 
 Diagryd'ium Glycyrrhiza'tum. An analo- 
 gous preparation, containing extract of liquorice 
 in place of quince juice. 
 
 Diagryd'ium Sulphura'tum. Scammony, 
 which has been exposed to the vapour of burning 
 Bulphur. These diagrydia are not now used. 
 
 DIALEIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermission. 
 
 DIALEIPYRA, Intermittent fever. 
 
 DIALEMMA, Apyrexia. 
 
 DIALEP'SIS, Intercep'tio, from StaXajiPavoi, '1 
 intercept.' — Hippocrates employs this word for 
 the interstices, or intervals, left between the turns 
 of a bandage. 
 
 DIALIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermissio. 
 
 DIAL'YSIS, Dissolu'tio, from hia, and \xiaig, 
 'solution.' A dissolution or loss of strength. 
 Resola'tio vir'ium. Weakness of the limbs. 
 Also, a solution of continuity. 
 
 BFAIIAN'T, Diamond. 
 
 DIAMASTEMA, Masticatory. 
 
 DIAM'BR^ SPE'CIES. A name given by 
 the ancients to powders, one of which bore the 
 name — Spe'cies diam'brcB sine odora'tis, — the 
 other, that of Spe'cies diam'brm cum odora'tis. 
 The former was composed of cinnamon, angelica 
 root, cloves, mace, nutmeg, galanga, cardamom, 
 and numerous other substances j the latter, be- 
 sides, had ambergris and mxisk. These powders 
 were used as tonics, in cases of debility of the 
 stomach, and in certain nervous affections. 
 
 DIAMNES, Enuresis. 
 
 DI'AMOND, Ad'amas, from a, privative, and 
 Sanaoi, '1 conquer.' 'Invincible;' (F.) Biamant. 
 So called from its hardness. It is the most pre- 
 cious of all stones, and was formerly conceived 
 to possess extraordinary cordial virtues. 
 
 DIAMO'RUM, Hob ex moris, from iia, and 
 utaoov. 'a mulberry.' An ancient syrup prepared 
 with honey and mulberry juice. It was em- 
 ployed as a gargle in sore throat. — Galen. 
 
 DIAMOTO'SIS, from ftoTog, 'charpie,' 'lint.' 
 The introduction of lint into an ulcer or wound. 
 
 DIANA, Argentum. 
 
 1>1ANANCAS'MUS, from ka, and avayKa^ut, 
 
 'I force.' Coaptation, reduction of a fractured 
 or luxated limb. 
 
 DIANOEMA, Imagination. 
 
 DIAN'THUS CARYOPHYL'LUS, from A«, 
 ' Jove.' (?) av^oi, ' flower,' and caryophyllum, 
 'the clove.' Clove Pink. Also called Oaryo- 
 phyl'lam rubrum, Tu'nica, Tu'niea horten'sis, T. 
 rubra, Caryophyl'lus horten'sis, Clove July fiower, 
 Gil'lifiower, Carna'tion. Order, Caryophylleae. 
 (F.) CEillet giroflee. The flowers were once 
 much used; but are now only employed in 
 syrup, as a useful and pleasant vehicle for other 
 medicines. 
 
 DIAPAL'MA, PhcBnic"ium Emplas'trum. A 
 plaster composed of equal parts of litharge, oUre 
 oil, axunge, water, a certain quantity of sulphate 
 of zinc dissolved in water, and ichite wax. It is 
 classed amongst the topical, desiccative, emol- 
 lient, resolvent, detersive, and cicatrizing medi- 
 cines. Mixed with a quarter of its weight of 
 olive oil, it acquires the consistence of an oint- 
 ment, and forms the Cerate of Bia2}al'ma, 
 
 DIAPASMA, Catapasma. 
 
 DIAPEDE'SIS, Transuda'tio, Persuda'tio, 
 Persulta'tio, from dLairriSau), 'I leap through.' 
 Exhalation, as of blood, in the form of dew. at 
 the surface of the skin, or of any membrane ; 
 Sweating, of blood, (F.) Sueur de Sang, Hamor- 
 rhag"ia per diapede'sin, Hamatopede'ais, Hcemi' 
 dro'sis. 
 
 DIAPENSIA CORTUSA, Sanicula. 
 
 DIAPEN'TES or DIAPENTE, from ha, and 
 ■ncvrri, 'five.' A medicine composed of five in- 
 gredients. See Diatessaron. 
 
 DIAPHCE'NICON, Biaphce'nix, Ifedietimen'- 
 tum ex Pal'mulis, from Bia, and <poivi^, ' a date.' 
 A drastic electuary, of which the date was the 
 chief excipient. 
 
 DIAPHORE'SIS, from hai^opm, {iia, and 
 (popeu, 'I convey,') 'I dissipate.' A greater de- 
 gree of perspiration than natural, but less than in 
 sweating. Every kind of cutaneous evacuation. 
 
 DIAPHORET'IC. Same etymon; Biapno'- 
 icus, Biaphoret'iciis. A medicine which excites 
 diaphoresis. Diaphoretics are very uncertain as 
 a class. The following is a list of the most re- 
 puted : — Ammoniae Acetatis Liquor; Ammonia) 
 Carbonas ; Antimonialis pulvis ; Antimonii et 
 Potassa3 Tartras ; Antimonii Sulphuretum prae- 
 cipitatum; Asclepias tuberosa; Camphora ; Con- 
 trayerva; Dulcamara; Eupatorium perfoliatum ; 
 Guaiaci Lignum ; Guaiacum ; Ipecacuanha; Me- 
 zereum; Opium, and its active principle Mor- 
 phia; Sarsaparilla; Sassafras; Serpentaria; Spi- 
 ritus .^theris Nitrici ; Sulphur ; Xanthoxylum ; 
 Caloric; Exercise, (active;) and Friction. 
 
 The epithet Biaphoretic has also been given, 
 by some, to continued fever, accompanied witli 
 constant perspiration. 
 
 Diaphoretic, Mineral, Antimonium diapho- 
 reticum. 
 
 DIAPHORETICUM JOVIALE, see Anti- 
 hectic. 
 
 DI'APHRAGM, Biaphrag'ma, Biaphrax'is, 
 Respirato' rium Ventfis, Discreto'rium, Phrcnts, 
 Septum transver'sum, Biscri'men Thora'cia et 
 Ventris, Biseeptum, Cine'tus, Biazo'ma, Prtr- 
 cinc'tus, Biazos'ma, Biazos'tra, Hypezo' ens, Hy- 
 pozo'ma, Perizo'ma, Bissep'tum, Bissi2)'ium, Pra- 
 cor'dia, Succin'gens membra'na vel mus'cidus, 
 Succinc'tus, Succinctti'ra, the Midriff, from ha, 
 ' between,' and (ppacab), ' 1 close.' A large, azy- 
 gous muscle; stretched transversely between the 
 thoracic and abdominal cavities, which it sepa- 
 rates from each other ; tendinous in the centre ; 
 thin, almost circular, and unequally convex, up- 
 wards. It is fleshy at its circumference, which 
 is attached to the cartilage ensiformis, to the 
 
DIAPHRAGMA AURIS 
 
 285 
 
 DIARRHCEA 
 
 laol six ribs, to the aponeurosis stretched from 
 tho last rib to the transverse process of the first 
 lumbar vertebra: and, lastly, to the bodies of the 
 first three or four lumbar vertebras. When it 
 contracts, its fibres become straight, the chest is 
 enlarged, and the abdomen diminished. It is 
 then an inspiratory muscle. It may, also, dimi- 
 nish the capacity of the chest, and be an expira- 
 tory muscle. This muscle plays an important 
 part in sighing, yawning, coughing, sneezing, 
 laughing, sobbing, crying, hiccoughing, singing, 
 vomiting, the excretion of the faeces and urine, 
 the expulsion of the foetus, &o. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMA AURIS, see Tympanum— d. 
 Cerebri, Tentorium — d. Narium, Septum narium 
 d. Ventriculorum lateralium cerebri, Septum lu- 
 cidum. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMAL 'GIA, DiaplragmataVgia, 
 from Scatppayiia, 'the diaphragm,' and aXyog, 
 'pain.' Pain in the diaphragm. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATALGIA7Diaphragmalgia. 
 DIAPHRAGMAT'IC, Blaphragmat'ieus. Be- 
 longing to the diaphragm. A name given to 
 several vessels and nerves. 
 
 Diaphragmat'ic or Phrenic Ar'teries. These 
 are distinguished into superior and inferior. The 
 former, called, also, siipradiaphragmat'ic, are two 
 in number, one on each side. They arise from 
 the internal mammary, and descend along the 
 phrenic nerve, to be distributed on the upper 
 surface of the diajDhragm. The latter, or infra- 
 diajihragmat'ic, are also two in number. They 
 arise from the upper part of the abdominal aorta, 
 or from the ccfiliac artery, and divide into two 
 principal branches, which are distributed on the 
 lower surface of the diaphragm and in its sub- 
 stance. 
 
 The superior diapTiragmat'ic veins follow the 
 same course as the arteries, and empty them- 
 selves — the right, into the vena cava superior; 
 the left, into the corresponding subclavian vein. 
 The two inferior diaphragmatic veins open into 
 the vena cava inferior. 
 
 Diaphragmat'ic Her'xia, Phrenic Hernia, 
 Diajjhragraatoce'le. The abdominal viscera are 
 occasionally protruded through the diaphragm, 
 either through some of the natural apertures in 
 the muscle, or through deficiencies, or wounds, 
 or lacerations in it. 
 
 Diaphragjiat'ic or Phrenic Nerves, Inter- 
 nal i-espiratory of Sir Charles Bell, are two in 
 number ; one on the left side, the other on the 
 
 supposed the seat of the (ppriv, or soul, to bo the 
 priecordia. The essential symptoms of diaphrag- 
 mitis are : — painful constriction around the prse- 
 cordia, with small, quick, laborious breathing. It 
 is a rare disease. 
 
 DIAPHRATTON HYMEN, Mediastinum— d. 
 Membrana, Mediastinum. 
 
 DIAPHRAXIS, Diaphragm. 
 
 DIAPH'THORA, Destntc'tio, from Sia, and , 
 <p^cip£iv, ' to corrupt.' Corruption in general ; 
 more especially corruption of the foetus in utero. 
 Hippocrates. Also, corruption of the blood in 
 the stomach. — Galen. See Abortion. 
 
 DIAPHYLAGTIC, Prophylactic. 
 
 DIAPH'YSIS, from Staipvu), 'I rise between.' 
 Interstit"iiini, Discrimina'tio : 'an interstice, in- 
 terval, division.' Any thing that separates two 
 bodies. Also, the middle part or body of a long 
 bone. Corpus Ossis. One of the ligaments of the 
 knee. — Hippocrates, Pare. 
 
 DIA'PIA. Some lexicographers use this word 
 synonymously with Diapyesis or Suppueatiox, 
 others have employed it in opposition to Myopia. 
 
 DIAPLASIS, Conformation, Reduction. 
 
 DIAPLASMUS, Conformation, Reduction. 
 
 DIAPNEUSIS, Perspiration. 
 
 DIAPNOE, Perspiration. 
 
 DIAPXCEA, Perspiration. 
 
 DIAPNOGENOUS APPARATUS, see Per- 
 spu-ation. 
 
 DIAPNOICUS, Diaphoretic. 
 
 DIAPOPHYSES, Transverse processes of the 
 vertebrte. 
 
 DIAPORE'MA. Anxiety, jactitation; from 
 SiaTToptbi, ' I doubt.' 
 
 DIAPRU'NUM, Biacoecyme'lon. A purgative 
 electuary, of which the pul}:)s of prunes and rhu- 
 harh formed the basis. By adding to the dia- 
 priinmn simplex a 24th part of powdered scam- 
 mony, the Dinjiru'vum resoluti'vum seu compos' - 
 itum was formed. It was more active than the 
 former. 
 
 DIAPYEMA, Empyema, Suppuration. 
 
 DIAPYESIS, Suppuration — d. Oculi, Hypo- 
 pyon. 
 
 DIAPYET'ICA, Dyapye'mata, from iia-avjijia, 
 iia-!rvv(Tti, {Sia, and irvov, 'pus,') 'suppuration.' 
 Medicines which promote suppuration. 
 
 DIAPYETICUS, Suppurative. 
 
 DIARiE'MIA, (F.) Diaremie, from Sta, 
 'through.' pto), 'I flow,' and 'aifia, 'blood.' A 
 pathological condition, said to be common in 
 
 right. They arise from the second and third | sheep, in which the globules of the blood are di- 
 nerves of the cervical plexus, about the middle ' minished in quantity ; the blood itself thinner, 
 
 of the neck, and receive two or three filaments 
 from the brachial plexus, after which they de- 
 scend into the chest at the sides of the pericar- 
 dium, and are distributed on the diaphragm. 
 
 Diaphragmat'ic Plex'uses are two in num- 
 ber; one right, and the other left. They arise 
 from the upper part of the solar plexus, by a 
 small number of branches, which are distributed 
 to the diaphragm, following exactly the branches 
 of the inferior diaphragmatic arteries. 
 
 Diaphragmat'ic Ring, (F.) Anneau diaphrag- 
 vi-aiique of Chaussier, is a name given to the 
 irregularly quadrilateral aperture by which the 
 veua cava inferior passes through the diaphragm. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATITIS, Diaphragmitis. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATOCELE, see Hernia. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMI'TIS, from iia<ppayfjia, 'the di- 
 aphragm,' and itig, a sufiix denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Diap>hragmati' tis, InJIamma'tio septi trans- 
 ver'si, Paraphreni' tis, Empresma Pleuri'tis Dia- 
 phragmat'ica, Paraphrene'sis Diaphrag^nat' ica, 
 Inflammation of the Di'aphragm. The terms, 
 Parajihreni'tis and Paraphrene'sis have been 
 abtained from the Peripatetic philosophy, which 
 
 and transuding through the coats of the vessels 
 into the cavities. — Delafore. 
 
 DIAREMIE, Diarffimia. 
 
 DIARIA, Ephemera. 
 
 DIARRHAGE, Fracture. 
 
 DIARRHCE'A, from iia, 'throngh,' and ptu, 
 'I flow.' Entcrorrhce'a, Incontinen'tia alvi,Alvi 
 proflu'vitim, A. fiuxus aquo'sus, Ventris jjrofn'- 
 vium, Coeliori-hce'a, Cceliol'ysis, Alvus eita, Vora- 
 to'ria, Coprorrhoe' a , Catar'rhus intestina'lis, Aid 
 fliixus, Rheuma, Epiiph'ora Alvi,Fluxus alvi'nus, 
 Lax'itas alvi, Deflttx'io, Lax, Looseness, Purging, 
 (F.) Diarrhee, Bevoiement, Catarrhe intestinal^ 
 Fhix de Ventre, Cours de Ventre, Coiirante. A 
 disease characterized by frequent liquid alvine 
 evacuations, and generally owing to inflammation 
 or irritation of the mucous membrane of the in- 
 testines. It is commonly caused by errors in 
 regimen, the use of food noxious by its quality 
 or quantity, &c., constituting the Biarrhoe'a ster- 
 cora'ria, D. Crapulo'sa- of writers. It may be 
 acute or chronic. Many varieties have bton 
 made by some nosologists — e. g. mucous, — iJiar- 
 rhte'a vmco'«a, Blennoche'sin, Blennoche'zia ; bl- 
 
DIARRHOiSCHBSIS 
 
 286 
 
 DIASTEMATOPYELIA 
 
 lioas, — Heo-cholo'sis, DiarrJice'a hilio'sa ; serous, 
 — HyrJroche'zia, Hydrodiarrhoe'a, OrrhocTie'zia ; 
 dependent upon the matters evacuated. Diarrhoea 
 requires diflerent treatment, according to its na- 
 ture. If caused, as it often is, by improper mat- 
 ters in the intestinal canal, these must be evacu- 
 ated ; and the astringent plan of treatment must 
 not be adopted, unless the discliarges seem kept 
 up by irritability of the intestines, or unless they 
 are colliquative. The indiscriminate use of as- 
 tringents is to be deprecated. 
 
 A very fatal diarrhoea prevails amongst the 
 native inhabitants of India, to which Mr. Tytler 
 has given the name Diarrhoe' a hec'tica, because, 
 like hectic fever, it seems to obtain habitual pos- 
 session of the constitution, to operate upon it 
 with scarcely any perceptible intermission, and, 
 in genera!, to defy the most powerful remedies. 
 
 DiARRHCHA Adiposa, Gras-fondure — d. cum 
 Apepsia, Lientery — d. Arthritica, Coeliagra — d. 
 Biliosa, see Diarrhoea^ — d. Carnosa, Dysentery — 
 d. Chylosa, Coeliae flux — d. Chymosa, Cceliac flux 
 — d. Crapulosa, see Diarrhoea — ^d. Cruenta, Hffi- 
 matochezia — d. Dyspeptica, Lientery — d. Hepa- 
 tica, Hepatirrhcea — d. Ingestorum, Lientery — d. 
 Lienteria, Lientery — d. Mucosa, see Diarrhoea — 
 d. Purulenta, Pyochezia — d. Sanguinolenta, Ha3- 
 matochezia — d. Stercoraria, see Diarrhoea — d. in 
 Urina, Diabetes — d. Urinosa, Diabetes. 
 
 DIARRHOiS'CIIESIS, from Diarrhoea, and 
 rvEo-/?, ' arrest.' Arrest of a diarrhoea. 
 ' J)lAK'YllKO''DlKh,Diarthrodia'li8. Relating 
 to diarthroses or movable articulati.ons ; as diar- 
 thro'dial articulation. Diarthro'dial cartilages 
 or iucrup.tinrj cartilages are the cartilages which 
 Invest the articular extremities of bones. 
 
 DIARTHRO'SIS, from hta^^poio, (Sia, and 
 apQpou},) 'I separate the limbs,' 'I articulate.' 
 I)earticula'tio, Prosartliro'sis, Aparthro'sis, Ah- 
 articula'tio, Coarticida' tio, P erarticida' tio, Rota'- 
 tio, (F.) Emhoiture. A movable articulation. 
 One which permits the bones to move freely on 
 each other in every direction, as in the case of 
 tie shoulder joint. 
 
 DIASATYR'ION, from hta, and aarvpiov, 'the 
 orchis mas'cula.' An electuary, of which this 
 plant formed the basis. (?) — Myrepsus. The an- 
 cients attributed to it the faculty of exciting the 
 organs of generation. 
 
 DIASCINCI ANTIDOTUS, Mithridate. 
 
 DIASCOR'DIUM, from Sia, and aKopStov, 'the 
 ■water germander.' An electuary, so called be- 
 cause this plant entered into its composition. 
 The Parisian codex has a formula for its prepa- 
 ration, under the title, Electua'rium opia'tnm as- 
 trin'gens vel diascor' dium. {R. fol. scord. ^iss, 
 rosar. riibr., histnrt. rad., gentianm, tormentillcB, 
 Bern, berber. aa ^ss, zingib., piper, long, aa ^ij, 
 cassicB lignecB, cinnamom., dictamn. Cretens., sty- 
 rac. calamit., galban., gum. acacia aa §ss, bol. 
 oriental, prmpar. ^ij, extract vinos opii. ^ij, mel. 
 rosat. prcep. R)ij, vin. hispan. Ibss : fiat electua- 
 rium.) In place of the sti/rax calamita, the bal- 
 eam of tolu or benjamin may be used. The opium 
 is, in this preparation, in the proportion of 1 to 
 184. The diascordium is employed in diarrhoea 
 and dysentery, as a tonic, stomachic, and astrin- 
 gent. The common dose is from a scruple to a 
 drachm and a half. See Pulvis cretaj compositus. 
 
 DIASOSTIC, Prophylactic. 
 
 JJIASPASIS, Divulsio. 
 
 DIASPER'MATON. The ancient name of 
 Iwo cataplasms, composed of seeds. — Galen, 
 I'aulus. 
 
 DIASPHYXIS, Pulse. Also, a violent beat 
 ♦•S" the pulse. 
 
 DIASTAL'TIC, Diastal'ticus; from lia, 
 
 'through,' and cTeWui, '1 contract.' An epithet 
 applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to the reflex or 
 excito-motory system of nerves; because the 
 actions they induce are performed ' through' the 
 spinal marrow as their essential centre. 
 
 DIASTALTICUS, Diastolic. 
 
 DIASTASiE'MIA, (F.) Diastasemie, from &i- 
 aaraaig, 'separation,' and 'ai/io, 'blood.' A patho- 
 logical condition, characterized by a separation 
 of the elements of the blood globules ; — the fibrin 
 and albumen separating also from the colouring 
 matter, whilst the fibrin attaches itself to the 
 valves of the heart. — Delafore. 
 
 DIASTASE. Same etymon as the next but 
 one. A vegetable principle, allied in its general 
 properties to gluten, which appears in the ger- 
 mination of barley and other seeds and, by its 
 presence, converts the starch into sugar and 
 gum. 
 
 DIASTASEMIE, Diastaseemia. 
 
 DIAS'TASIS, from ha, and larrjui, ' to place,' 
 'separation,' 'distance.' Diaste'ma, Dissiden'tia. 
 A separation of bones, and particularly of the 
 bones of the cranium, from each other; of the 
 radius from the ulna, and the fibula from the 
 tibia. The ancients used this word to designate 
 the three dimensions of the body, — length, 
 breadth, and thickness; for the interval separat- 
 ing the patient from the physician ; the swelling 
 of varicose veins ; the time at which some change 
 occurred in disease, <fec. 
 
 DIASTEMA, Diastasis, Interstice. 
 
 DIASTEMATELYT'RIA, from Siacrrina, 'in- 
 terstice,' and tXvTpov, 'vagina.' An organic de- 
 viation, characterized by a longitudinal division 
 or fissure of the vagina. — Breschet. 
 
 DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA, from Sia<7T,,f,o, 
 and tyicEc^uXoj, ' the brain.' An organic deviation, 
 consisting in a longitudinal division of the brain. 
 — Breschet. 
 
 DIASTEMA'TIA, from Siaarniia. A term em- 
 ployed by Breschet for an organic deviation, 
 characterized by the presence of a fissure in the 
 mesial line of the body. 
 
 DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA, from Sta^Tniia, and 
 (caitAof, 'trunk.' An organic deviation, charac- 
 terized by a longitudinal division of the trunk. 
 
 DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA, from hacTr,ixa, and 
 ;;^'i:(Xof, 'the lip.' An organic deviation, consist- 
 ing in a longitudinal division or fissure of the lip. 
 
 DIASTEMATOCRA,'NIA, from biaarnna, and 
 Kpavwv, ' the cranium.' An organic deviation, 
 consisting in a longitudinal deviation of the cra- 
 nium. 
 
 DIASTEMATOCYS'TIA, from hacrr,pa, and 
 KVdTii, 'bladder.' An organic deviation, chara*'- 
 terized by a longitudinal division of the urinary 
 bladder. 
 
 DIASTEMATOGAS'TRIA, from biaarnya, and 
 yaarrip, 'the stomach.' An organic deviation, 
 characterized by a longitudinal division of the 
 stomach. 
 
 DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA, from hacmna. and 
 yXutro-a, 'tongue.' An organic deviation, chara<'- 
 terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of tho 
 tongue. 
 
 DIASTEMATOGNA'THIA, from haar,,^,., 
 and yvaOos, 'jaw.' An orgnnic deviation, ch.-i- 
 racterizcd by a longitudinal division of the jaw. 
 
 DIASTEMATOME'TRIA, from Siacmtia, and 
 UnTpa, 'womb.' An organic deviation, charac- 
 terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
 womb. 
 
 DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA, from haamyia, and 
 TTUfXof, 'pelvis.' An organic deviation, charatf- 
 
DIASTEMA TORACHIA 
 
 287 
 
 DICTAMNUS 
 
 terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of 
 tlio pelvis. 
 
 DIASTEMATORA'CHIA, from iiaarr^jia, and 
 pa^K, ' spine.' An organic deviation, characte- 
 rized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
 spine. 
 
 DIASTEMATORHI'NIA, from haarnna, and 
 piv, 'the nose.' An organic deviation, characte- 
 rized by a longitudinal division of the nose. 
 
 DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA, from biacrrrjixa, 
 and aTaipvXri, ' uvula.' An organic deviation, 
 cliaraoterized by a longitudinal division of the 
 uvula. 
 
 DIASTEMATOSTER'NIA, from 6ia<TTnixa, and 
 crepvov, 'the sternum.' An organic deviation, 
 characterized by a longitudinal division of the 
 Bternnm. 
 
 DIASTEMENTER'IA, from Siacrtifia, and 
 evTcpov, ' intestine.' An organic deviation, cha- 
 racterized by a longitudinal division of the in- 
 testine. 
 
 BIAS'TOLE, from SiaaTcWw, (^Sia and trrtXXci), 
 'I send,') 'I dilate,' 'I open.' Eelu.xa'tio seu 
 Remis'sio cordis et arteria'rum. Dilatation of 
 the heart and arteries, when the blood enters 
 their cavities. It is the opposite movement to 
 systole, in which tho heart and arteries contract 
 to send forth the blood. Diastole and systole are, 
 consequently, successive movements. Diastole, 
 Motus cordis diastal'ticus, occurs simultaneously 
 in the two ventricles. The almost inappreciable 
 time, which elapses between the diastole and 
 systole has been called perisys'tole, and that 
 which succeeds to the diastole, peridiastole. 
 When we speak of the contraction or systole of 
 the heart, as well as of its diastole or dilatation, 
 we mean that of the ventricles. This dilatation 
 is active. 
 
 DIASTOLEUS, Dilator. 
 
 DIAS'TOLIC, Diastol'icus, Diastal'ticus ; 
 same etymon. Belonging to the diastole of the 
 heart — as 'diastolic impulse of the heart.' 
 
 Diastolic Impulse ob the Heart, see Im- 
 pulse, diastolic. 
 
 DIASTOMO'TRIS, from bLaaTopo(a, {6ia, and 
 CTop-a, 'mouth.') 'I dilate an aperture.' Dilat- 
 ing instruments, such as the different kinds of 
 specula for the mouth, anus, vagina, Ac. 
 
 DIASTREMMA,Distortion,Perversion,Sprain. 
 
 DIASTROPHE, Distortion, Perversion, Sprain. 
 
 DIAT'ASIS, Disten'sio, from Siarcivio, (gia, 
 and Teivo), 'I stret-ch,') 'I distend.' Tension. 
 The reduction of a fracture by extension and 
 counter-extension. 
 
 DIATES'SARON, from^ta, a.ndTC(T<7apes, 'four. 
 An electuary, into the composition of which en- 
 tered four medicines ; viz. the roots of gentian, 
 aristolochia rotunda, and hay-herrics, each ^ij, 
 honey R)ij. The whole was incorporated with 
 extract of juniper. The diapentes is nothing 
 more than this electuary, mixed with two ounces 
 of ivory shavings. The diatessaron is tonic, and 
 it was formerly employed in cases of stings and 
 bites of venomous animals. It was regarded as 
 cmmenagogue, alexiterial, and alexipharmic. 
 
 DIATH'ESIS, from Siandfipi, (Sia, and TiOriftt, 
 'to place,') 'I dispose.' Disposition, constitu- 
 tion, aflfection of the body : predisposition to cer- 
 tain diseases rather than to others; — (P.) Immi- 
 nence morbide. The principal diatheses, men- 
 tioned by authors, are the cancerous, scrofulous, 
 scorbutic, rheumatic, ffouty and calculous. 
 
 Diathesis H^iroRRnoiDALis, see Hajmor- 
 rhoids — d. Hemorrhagic, Hematophilia — d. Ner- 
 vosa, Nervous diathesis — d. Rheumatic, see 
 Rheumatic — d. Sthenica, Sthenia. 
 
 DIATRAGACAN'THUS. A powder__ com- 
 posed of (/a»( tragacanth, ^ij, gum Arabic, ^l ami 
 gij, starch, 3SS, liquorice, ^iij; sis much of th^ 
 seeds of the melon, and white poppy ; seeds of the 
 icater-melon, cucumber, and gourd, and sugar 
 candy §iij. It was used as a demulcent. 
 
 DIATRESIS, Perforation. 
 
 DIATRIMMA, Chafing. 
 
 DIATRINSANTALON, see Diatrion. 
 
 DIATRI'ON, Diatri'um, from Sia, and rput, 
 ' three.' A medicine composed of three ingre- 
 dients. There were formerly two kinds. The 
 first was called Diatri'um Pipe' r eon spe'cies, and 
 was formed of black and long pepper, aniseed, 
 thyme, and ginger. It was highly stimulating. 
 The second species was known under the name, 
 Diatrinsan'talon, Diatri'um Santalo'rum pulvis, 
 or Poivder of the three Sanders. They were con- 
 sidered diaphoretic. 
 
 DIATRITA'RII. The Methodists were so 
 called, who pretended to cure all diseases by 
 subjecting the patients to treatment every third 
 day. 
 
 DIAT'RITOS. Relating to every third day. 
 A means used by the Methodists to cure disease. 
 
 DIAZOMA, Diaphragm. 
 
 DIAZOSMA, Diaphragm. 
 
 DIAZOS'TER, from lua^uivvvjii, (Sia, and ^u)v- 
 vvixi, 'to gird,') ' I surround.' The twelfth ver- 
 tebra of the back, because it corresponds to the 
 
 girdle, ^uxrvrip. 
 
 DIAZOSTRA, Diaphragm. 
 
 DICEN'TRA CANADEN'SIS, Sqmrrel corn. 
 Colic weed. Family, Fumariacpa). An indigen- 
 ous plant, growing from Maine to Wisconsin, 
 which flowers in May, the flowers having tho 
 odour of hyacinths. It has been given internally 
 in syphilis, and applied externally in syphilis and 
 gonorrhoea. 
 
 DICEPHALIUM, Bicephalium. 
 
 DICEPH'ALUS, Biceph'alus, Derod'ymu^ et 
 Ibd'ymits, Janus, from St, 'double,' and KstpaXr], 
 'head.' A monster with two heads. 
 
 DICERAS RUDE, Ditrachyceras rudis, see 
 Worms. 
 
 DICHALCON. A weight, equal to a third 
 part of the obolus. 
 
 DICHOPHY'IA, from Sixa, 'double,' and pvio, 
 'I grow.' A disease of the hairs, in which they 
 split and grow forked. 
 
 DICHROMOS, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 DICIATRIA, Medicine, legal. 
 
 DICLIDOSTO'SIS, from ^i^ij, 'a double 
 door,' and ocrroxri?, 'ossification.' Ossification of 
 valves— as of the heart. 
 
 DICLIS, Valve. 
 
 DICOR'YPHUS, Dicra'nus, from Si, 'double,' 
 Kopv<pv, 'the crown of the head.' A monster with 
 a double vertex or cranium. 
 
 DicoRYPHus DiHYPOGASTRius, Hemipagcs. 
 
 DICRANUS, Dicoryphus. 
 
 DI'CROTUS, Bisfer'iens, from Si;, 'twice,' ajod 
 Kpvdj, ' I strike.' An epithet given to the pulse, 
 when it seems to beat twice as fast as usual. It 
 is synonymous with the term rebounding, tho 
 artery rebounding after striking, so as to con- 
 vey the sensation of a double pulsation. It has 
 been considered, and with truth, to frequently 
 foretell hemorrhage. In bad cases of typhus, it 
 certainly announces such a tendencj'. 
 
 DICTAMNE, Dictamuus albus — d. de Creti, 
 Origanum dletamnus. 
 
 DICTAM'NUS ALBUS, from Dictammis, » 
 town in Crete ; D. Fraxinel'la, Fraxinella Dic- 
 tamnus. White Fraxinel'la, Bastard Dittany, 
 Fraxinel'la, (F.) Dictar^ne, FraxincUo. The fresh 
 
LICTYITIS 
 
 288 
 
 DIET 
 
 root lias been considered nervine, anthelmintic, 
 ammenagogue. It is not used. 
 
 DicTAMXus Creticus, Origanum dictamnus — 
 d. Fraxinella, Dictamnus albus. 
 
 DICTYITIS, Retinitis. 
 
 DICTYON, Rete. 
 
 DIDELPHYS, Dihysteria. 
 
 DIDYMAL'GIA, from Mv^oi, 'the testicles,' 
 and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the testicles. 
 
 DIDYMIS, Epididymis. 
 
 DIDYMITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 DIDYMOS, Gemellus. 
 
 D I D Y M U S, Testicle — d. Symphyogastrius, 
 Gastrodidymus — d. Symphyohypogastrieus, Ily- 
 pogastrodidymus — d. Symphyoperinseus, Pygo- 
 didymus — d. Symphyothoracogastrius, Thoraco- 
 gastrodidymus. 
 
 DIECBOL'ION, from ha, and tic(iaWw, 'I east 
 out.' A name given, by the ancients, to a remedy 
 which they believed capable of producing abor- 
 tion. 
 
 DIERENBACH, MINERAL WATERS OP. 
 Dierenbach is a city in Bavaria, tvro leagues from 
 which is a sulphurous spring. 
 
 DIERVIL'LA TRIF'IDA; Bunh Tioneymclde. 
 An indigenous plant of the Honeysuckle tribe — 
 Lonicerese — whose flowers appear from June to 
 August. It has been used as a diuretic; and in 
 gonorrhoea and syphilis. 
 
 DIBS, He'mera, A day, (P.) Jortr. The day 
 IS, properly, the period during which the solar 
 light illumines our horizon : but commonly, also, 
 we designate by the word day the period of 24 
 Voura or NyctJte'meron, which is frequently di- 
 
 vided into four parts — morning, midday, evening, 
 and midnight. In antiquity, great importance 
 was attached to the observation of days in dis- 
 ease. The medical day is usually reckoned at 
 24 hours, — universally in estimating the duration 
 of a disease. In parts of the United States, it 
 comprises only the time when the sun is above 
 the horizon, as regards the administration of 
 medicine, so that if a medicine be ordered to be 
 taken four times a day, it is understood to mean 
 during the 12 hours of day. 
 
 Dies Caniculares, see Canicula — d. Contem- 
 plabiles. Critical days — d. Contemplantes, Indi- 
 cating days — d. Critici, Critical daj-s — d. Decre- 
 torii, Critical days — d. Indicantes, Indicating 
 days — d. Indieatorii, Indicating days — d. Indices, 
 Indicating days — d. Internuntii, Critical daj-s — 
 d. Judicatorii, Critical days — d. Radicales, Criti- 
 cal days. 
 
 DIET, Dice'ta, Diate'ma, Ra'tio victils. Ori- 
 ginally, this word signified nearly the same thing 
 as Hygiene and Regimen, that is. Diet was the 
 employment of every thing necessary for the pre- 
 servation of health and life. At the present day, 
 it signifies a particular kind of food, and, at times, 
 a privation of food and drink; — abstinence. To 
 put any one upon diet, (P.) metfre qnelqu'un « la 
 diete, means to deprive hiin of his usual nourish- 
 ment : — milk diet means a diet of milk, &c. See 
 Aliment, Dietetics, Hygiene, and Regimen. 
 
 Diet Scale. Every well regulated hospital 
 has certain dietetic regulations. The following 
 Table of Dietary shows the particular regimen 
 selected for the sick, in certain hospitals. 
 
 ^IBT-TABLE OF DIFFERENT HOSPITALS OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND 
 
 THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 L ENGLAND. 
 
 ,L0ND01fH0SPITAI,S. 
 1. London Hospital. 
 
 
 COMMON WET. 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. 
 
 LOW DIET. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 
 Per Day I 
 
 12 oT. Bread. 
 
 1 pint Porter. Men. 
 
 i pint do., Women. 
 
 Gruel. 
 
 S oz. Beef, with Po- 
 tatoes, thrice a 
 week. 
 
 8 oz. Mutton, with 
 Potatoes, twice a 
 week. 
 
 8 oz. Potatoes and 
 Soup,with vegeta- 
 bles,twiceaweek. 
 
 1 pint of Broth. 
 
 The same, except 
 that 4 oz. of Meat 
 " shall be given in- 
 stead of 8 oz. 
 
 J 
 
 8 oz. Bread. 
 Gruel. 
 
 Broth. 
 
 Gruel or Broth. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 Gruel. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 
 Supper 
 
 
 2. St. 
 
 Bartholomew's Hospital. 
 
 
 
 COMMON DIET. 
 
 BROTH DIET. 
 
 THIIf OB FEVER DIET. 
 
 jriLK DIET. 
 
 Milk Porridge. 
 
 
 Milk Porridge. 
 
 Milk Porridge. 
 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 ■ 
 
 6 oz. Mutton or Beef. 
 
 1 pint of MUkjWith 
 
 2 pts.Milk.with Ta- 
 
 
 1 pint Broth [with Milk Porridge. 
 Peas or Potatoes,: 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 Tapioca, An-ow 
 
 pioca, Arrow-root, 
 
 ' 
 
 root.Sago.orRice, 
 
 Sago, or Rice, ns 
 
 Omily J 
 
 4 times a week.] 2 pints Broth. 
 
 as may be pre- 
 
 may be prescribed. 
 
 
 2 pints Beer, Men. 1 pint Beer. 
 
 scribed. 
 
 Barley water. 
 
 
 1 pint. Women. il oz. Butter. 
 
 Barley water. 
 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 
 
 1 oz. Butter, twice a 
 
 
 Bread Pudding, 
 
 
 week. 
 
 
 three times a week, 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 when ordered. 
 
DIET 
 
 289 DIET 
 
 3. St. Thomas's Hospital. 
 
 Daily ] 
 
 Breakfast . . 
 
 Dinner 
 
 Supper. 
 
 2 pints Beer; 14 oz. 
 Bread. 
 
 Water CTruel. 
 
 + lb. of Beef when dress- 
 ed, twice a week; 4oz. 
 Butter, or 6 oz. of 
 Cheese, thrice a week : 
 •i lb. Mutton when 
 boiled, thrice a week. 
 
 1 pt. Broth, 4 times a 
 week. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 1 pint Milk, 4 times 
 
 a week. 
 RicePuddingjthrice 
 
 a week. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 14 oz. Bread, 2 pints 
 Beer. 
 
 Water Gruel. 
 
 4 oz. Butter, 4 times 
 aweek;RicePud- 
 ding and 4 oz 
 of Butter, three 
 times a week. 
 
 12 oz. Bread; two 
 
 pints Beer. 
 Water Gruel. 
 I lb. Beef, for tea. 
 
 FEVER DIET. 
 
 4. ^f. George's Hospital. 
 
 
 EXTKA DIET. 
 
 ORDINARY DIET. 
 
 FISH DIET. 
 
 FEVER DIET. 
 
 BROTH DIET. 
 
 MUK DIET. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 
 1 Men. 
 
 1 pint Beer. 
 
 
 Barley Water 
 
 
 j 
 
 Daily .' . * . - 
 
 2 pints Beer. 
 
 Women. 
 li pint Beer. 
 
 
 
 ad libitum. 
 
 
 
 D If, f 1 pint Tea. 
 Breal-fast . j j^ ^.^^ ^^.^^^ 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 J pint Milk. 
 
 4 pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 f 
 
 12 oz. Meat, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 roasted 
 
 
 4 oz. of plain 
 
 Arrow-root 
 
 1 pint Broth 
 
 IJ pint Rice. 
 
 
 (weighed 
 
 One-half of 
 
 boiled white 
 
 &o., must be 
 
 6 oz. light 
 
 Milk four 
 
 
 with the bone 
 
 the meat al- 
 
 fish (as Whi- 
 
 specially di- 
 
 Pudding. 
 
 days. 
 
 Dinner.. . . -{ 
 
 before it is 
 
 lowed for ex- 
 
 ting, Plaice, 
 
 rected. 
 
 
 
 
 dressed) four 
 
 tra diet. 
 
 Flounders, or 
 
 
 
 i lb. Bread or 
 
 
 days,~boiled; 
 
 i lb. Potatoes. 
 
 Haddock.) 
 
 
 
 Rice Pudding 
 
 
 three days, i 
 
 
 
 
 
 three days. 
 
 
 lb. Potatoes. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Supper.. . . 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 I pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 
 5. Guy's Hosjiital. 
 
 
 ' 
 
 FULL DIET. 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. | LOW DIET. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 FEVER DIET. 
 
 14 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bi-ead. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 6 oz. Bread. 
 
 
 IJ oz. Butter. 
 
 li oz. Butter. 
 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 
 Daily 
 
 
 1 qt. Table Beer. 
 
 1 pt. Table Beer. 
 
 Tea and Sugar. 
 
 2 pints Milk. 
 
 Tea and Sugar. 
 
 
 
 8 oz. Meat, when 
 
 4 oz. Meat, when 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 dressed. 
 
 dressed, and 
 i pint Broth. 
 
 Half a pound of Beef, (for Beef-tea,) or Arrow- 
 root or Sago, when ordered. 
 
 
 For each Diet, Gruel or Barley-water, as required. j 
 
 
 
 6. Westminster Hospital. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SPOON, OR 
 
 INCTJRABLES' 
 
 
 FUIi DIET. 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. 
 
 LOW DIET. 
 
 FEVEE DIET. 
 
 DIET. 
 
 
 
 Fixed. 
 
 Casual. 
 
 
 
 Daily 
 
 14 OZ. Bread. 
 
 10 oz. Bread. 
 
 i lb. Bread. 
 
 
 i lb. Bread. 
 
 i lb. Bread. 
 i lb. Meat, 
 i lb. Potatoes. 
 J pint Milk. 
 1 pint Porter. 
 
 ' 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 pint Tea, 
 
 — 
 
 1 pint Tea, 
 
 
 Breal-fast \ 
 
 Porridge, or 
 
 Porridge, or 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 
 
 Rice Gruel. 
 
 thin Gruel. 
 
 and Milk. 
 
 
 and Milk. 
 
 
 
 ^ lb. Meat, 
 roasted, boiled, 
 
 i lb. Meat, 
 roasted, boiled. 
 
 No fixed Diet 
 for Dinner. 
 
 1 pint Broth, 
 or i lb. of 
 
 Barley Water. 
 
 
 Dinner . . - 
 
 or chops. 
 
 1 lb. of Pota- 
 toes. 
 
 or chops. 
 
 S lb. of Pota- 
 toes. 
 
 
 Pudding, or 
 
 Ipt. Beef Tea, 
 
 or a Chop, 
 
 or Fish. 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 pint Tea, 
 
 — 
 
 1 pint Tea, 
 
 
 Supper . . { 
 
 Porridge, or 
 
 Porridge, or 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 Rice Gruel. 
 
 thin Gruel. 
 
 and Milk. 
 
 
 and Milk. 
 
 J 
 
 19 
 
DIET 
 
 290 
 
 DIET 
 
 7. Middlesex Hospital. 
 
 
 DLSTA CAEHIS, 
 
 BLSTA JTJSCnj, 
 
 DLETA LACnS, 
 
 ELSTA STHPLEZ, 
 
 
 
 OR 
 
 OB 
 
 oa 
 
 OE 
 
 CASCEB DIET. 
 
 Daily 
 
 MEAT DIET. 
 
 SOUP DIET. 
 
 MTLK DIET. 
 
 SIMPLE DIET. 
 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 6 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 lb Meat, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i lb. Potatoef, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 BrealcfaBt. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 1 pint Barley- 
 water. 
 
 
 
 Physician's Patients. 
 
 1 pint Soup, 
 
 J pint of Milk 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 
 
 i lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz. 
 
 made with 4 
 
 with Rice-pud- 
 
 
 
 
 dressed meat, (beef or 
 
 oz. Beef, alter- 
 
 ding, 4 days, 
 
 
 
 
 mutton,) roast and 
 
 nately with 1 
 
 and with Bat- 
 
 
 
 
 boiled alternately, 4 
 
 pint of Broth 
 
 ter-pudding, 3 
 
 
 
 
 days. 
 
 with Barley. 
 
 days. 
 
 
 
 Dinner . - 
 
 4 oz. Meat in Soup, 3 
 days. 
 
 Surgeon's Patients. 
 i lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz. 
 dressed meat, (beef or 
 mutton,) roast and 
 boiled altematelv. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 pint Gruel alternately 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 J pint Milk or 
 
 1 pint Gruel 
 
 
 Supper . - 
 
 ■with 1 pint of Barley- 
 
 1 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 or Barley-wa- 
 
 
 water. 
 
 I ] ter. 
 
 
 8. North, London Hospital. 
 
 Daily 
 
 FTLL DIET. 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. LOW DIET. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 16 OZ. Bread. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 i lb. Meat and 4 lb. 
 
 Potatoes 4 days. 
 1 pt. Soup or Rice 
 
 3 days. 
 
 IG oz. Bread. 
 i pint Milk. 
 1 pint Soup or 
 Rice. 
 
 8 oz. Bread. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 Oatmeal for 
 
 Gruel. 
 
 17 OZ. Bread. 
 2 pints Milk. 
 
 9. King's College Hospital. 
 
 Daily .... 
 
 Hreahfast. 
 Dinner . . . 
 Supper ... 
 
 .J 
 t 
 
 PULL DIET. 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 LOW DIET. 
 
 FEVER DIET. 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 pint Beer, or 
 
 J pint Porter. 
 
 14 OZ. Bread. 
 
 1 pt. Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 i lb. Meat. 
 
 i lb. Potatoes. 
 
 1 pt. Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 14 oz. Bread. 
 
 1 pt. Slilk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 i lb. Meat. 
 
 i lb. Potatoes. 
 
 1 pt. Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 1 lb. Bread, 
 
 1 pint MUk. 
 1 pint Milk. 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 8 oz. Bread. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 1 pint Broth. 
 
 1 pt Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 1 
 _ i 
 
 1 pint GrueL 
 
 2 pints Barley- 
 water. 
 
 1 pt. Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 10. Dreadnought Hospital Ship. 
 
 lireahfast. 
 Dinner . . . 
 
 Supper 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 
 1 lb. Bread. 
 3 lb. Meat. 
 
 J lb. Potatoes. 
 
 2 pints Beer, 
 (if ordered.) 
 
 1 pint Broth. 
 
 ORDINARY DIET. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Ditto, 
 i lb. Meat, 
 \ lb. Potatoes. 
 1 pint Beer, (if 
 ordered.) 
 
 1 pint Broth or 
 Gruel. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 Ditto. 
 \ lb. Bread. 
 
 Ditto. 
 1 lb. Bread. 
 
 1 pint of Beef Mpj^^jjjj^^ 
 
 1 pint Gruel or I 
 Milk, (if or- | 1 pint MUk. 
 dered. i 
 
 FEVER DILT. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Gruel. 
 
 Gruel or Bar- 
 ley-water. 
 
DIET 
 
 291 
 
 DIET 
 
 HOSPITALS. 
 
 ORDINARY DIET. 
 
 low diet. 
 
 Liverpool. 
 
 Breakfast. — A pint milk porridge, breaded every morn'g. 
 
 Dinner. — (1, 5, 7*) — Boiled beef and vegetables. — (2) 
 — Rice, milk, and bread. — (3). — ^Stewed beef and po- 
 tatoes. — (4) — Pea soup and bread. — (6) — Ale, gruel, 
 and bread. 
 
 Supper. — A pint of broth and bread on Sunday and 
 Thursday. A pint of milk and bread on the other days. 
 
 Full Diet. — The same as the ordinary diet. 
 
 Consists throughout the 
 day of milk porridge, 
 commoS battel:, or rice, 
 pudding. 
 
 The ale and beer are 
 bought. 
 
 Bristol. 
 
 Breakfast. — On Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur- 
 day, milk porridge; Monday, Wednesday, and Fri- 
 day, meat broth; 12 oz. of bread on meat days; 14 
 oz. on the other days. 
 
 Dinner. — (1, 3, 5) — Three-fourths of a pound of meat, 
 with vegetables ; two pints of beer daily. — (2, 4, 6, 7) 
 — A pint of gruel or pap. 
 
 Supper. — A wine pint of gruel of meal broth on Sun- 
 day ; 2 oz. of cheese for the men, one-fourth of an oz. 
 of butter for the women, on Monday, Wednesday, 
 Friday, and Saturday. 
 
 Full Diet. — The patients have meat every day. 
 
 Breakfast.— A wine quart 
 of milk porridge or milk. 
 
 Dinner. — A T,ine quart 
 of weak broth. 
 
 Supper. — The same as 
 breakfast, 14 oz. of 
 bread, and barley-wa- 
 ter for common drink. 
 
 20 bushels of malt, 15 lbs. ! 
 of hops to 14 gals, of 
 strong ale ; 21 bush, of 
 malt, and 12 pounds of 
 hops, to 360 gals, of 
 ale ; 11 bush, of malt, 
 7 pounds of hops, to 
 360 gals, of small beer. 
 
 Birmingham. 
 Revised 1819. 
 
 Breakfast. — To each man a pint and a half of mUk por- 
 ridge, with 4 oz. of bread added to it. To each wo- 
 man or child, one pint of milk porridge without 
 bread. To each patient 2 oz. of bread daily. 
 
 Dinner. — (1, 3, 5) — To each man 8 oz. of baked or boiled 
 meat; to each woman or child, 6 oz. To each patient, 
 6 oz. of vegetables, and one pint of beer daily. — (2) — 
 To each man, a quart of rice or barley broth, made 
 with a variety of vegetables ; to each woman or child, 
 one pint and a half. — (4) — Twelve ounces of boiled 
 rice or bread pudding. — (6) — Four oz. of boiled or 
 baked meat, a pint of rice or barley broth, made with 
 a variety of vegetables. — (7) — Six oz. of baked rice 
 or bread pudding, or a pint of rice or barley broth, 
 made with a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Supper. — A pint of broth, milk porridge, or gruel. 
 
 Full Diet. — Breakfast the same as in ordinary diet. 
 Dinner, 6 oz. of boiled or baked meat, 6 oz. of vege- 
 tables, 6 oz. of baked rice or bread pudding. Supper, 
 the same as ordinary diet. 
 
 Breakfast. — The same as 
 ordinary diet. 
 
 Dinner. — A pint of broth 
 or rice milk, 6 oz. of 
 baked rice or bread 
 pudding to each pa- 
 tient every day. 
 
 Suppier. — The same as 
 ordinary diet. 
 
 n. SCOTLAND. 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Glasgow. 
 
 Breakfast. — One mutchkin of porridge, three gills of 
 milk or beer ; or five and one-fourth ounces of fine 
 bread, mUk or beer. 
 
 Dinner. — (1,4) — One chopin of broth, 8 ounces of 
 butcher's meat boiled in the broth, or beef-steak ; five 
 and one-fourth ounces of bread. — (2, 5, 7) — A chopin 
 of broth made of beef and bones, barley, groats, pota- 
 toes, and vegetables ; five and a-half ounces of bread. 
 — (3, 6) — Potato soup, with beef and veal, or bones ; 
 bread as above. 
 
 Supper. — As the breakfast each day. 
 
 Full Diet. — At discretion. 
 
 Breakfast. — Milk porridge, quantity not limited, with 
 half a mutchkin of sweet milk, or one mutchkin of 
 buttermilk or beer. 
 
 Dinner. — (1) — Broth made of barley, vegetables, and 
 the dripping of the meat roasted during the week, 
 with a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a woman. — 
 (2, 4) — Beef boiled : 8 oz. to the men, and 6 oz. to the 
 women; a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a wo- 
 man, — or vegetables. — (3, 6) — Broth, made with beef, 
 barley, and vegetables ; a quartern loaf to men, and 
 half to women. — (5) — Potato soup, with cow heels, 
 bones, &c. — (7) — Six oz. of cheese to men, 4 oz. to 
 women ; bread as above. 
 
 Supper.-^As the breakfast each day. 
 
 Full Diet. — At discretion. 
 
 At discretion. 
 
 At discretion. 
 
 * The figures in parentheses denote the days of the week. 
 
 I 
 
DIET 
 
 292 
 III. IRELAND, 
 
 DIET 
 
 5. Hospitals 
 
 of House of 
 
 Industry. 
 
 Per diem. — Sixteen oz. of white bread, one quart of new 
 milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey. 
 
 yuLL Diet. — Two ounces of bread jjer diem, one quart 
 of broth, one quart of new milk. 
 
 One j)int of flummery ^er 
 diem, one quart of new 
 milk, and one quart of 
 buttermilk for whey. 
 
 Daily, half a pound of 
 bread, two quarts of 
 new milk, and one 
 quart of buttermilk. 
 
 Stephen's 
 Hospital. 
 
 Breakfast. — Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk. 
 
 Dinner. — (1, 2, ?>, 5, 7) — One quart of soup, half a pound 
 of bread, or two pounds of potatoes ; one pint of milk 
 or beer. — (4, 6) — Twelve oz. of bread, one quart of 
 sweetened gruel. 
 
 Royal Hos- 
 pital. Phce- 
 nii Park. 
 
 Breahfast. — One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. 
 DiiDier. — Half a pound of meat, three-fourths of a pound 
 
 of bread ; one pound of potatoes. 
 Supper. — One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. 
 Full Diet. — Three-fourths of a pound of meat, one 
 
 pound of bread, half a pound of potatoes, one quart 
 
 of beer. 
 
 Breakfast.— lea. 
 
 Dinner. — Half a pound 
 of bread made into pa- 
 nada or pudding. 
 
 EiCHJroxD 
 Hospital. 
 
 Breakfast. — One quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk. 
 
 Dinner. — Bread, 8 oz. ; soup, 1 qiart. 
 
 Supper. — Bread, 4 oz. ; new milk, one pint; 
 
 Full Diet. — Breakfast, bread, 8 oz. ; new milk, one 
 pint. — Dinner, bread, 8 oz. ; mutton or beef, 8 oz. — 
 Supper, broad, 4 oz. ; new milk, one pint. 
 
 Breakfast. — Flummery, 
 one pint; new milk, 
 one pint. 
 
 Supper. — Half a pound of 
 bread, one pint of milk. 
 
 Belfast 
 Hospital. 
 
 Breakfast. — One pint of stirabout, one pint of new milk. 
 
 Dinner. — Haifa pound of bread, one pint of new milk. 
 
 Snjiper. — One pint of flummery, one pint of new milk. 
 
 Full Diet. — Breakfast, one quart of stirabout, one pint 
 of new milk. — Dinner, 2 lbs. of potatoes, one pint of 
 milk. — Supper, one pint of flummery, one pint of new 
 milk. 
 
 Per diem. — Quarter of a 
 pound of bread, one 
 quart of gruel, three 
 pints of new milk, half 
 a pint of flummery. 
 Barley water at occa- 
 sions. 
 
 ] Cork Feter 
 1 Hospital. 
 
 1 
 
 Breakfast. — One half quartern loaf for every four, and 
 one pint of new milk each. Under 12 years, half a 
 quartern loaf for every eight. 
 
 Dinner. — (1, 3, 5) — One pound of beef, and two pounds 
 of potatoes. Under 12 years, half a pound of beef, 
 and one pound of potatoes. — (2, 4, 6, 7) — Potatoes 
 and milk. 
 
 Supper. — One pint of milk and one of stirabout, for 
 adults ; half do. for children. 
 
 Breakfast. — One -fourth 
 of a lb. of bread, with 
 milk and water sweet- 
 ened. 
 
 Dinner. — Gmel, broth, 
 wino, and porter, as or- 
 dered by the physician. 
 
 IV. UNITED STATES. 
 
 Pennsylva- 
 nia Hospi- 
 tal, Philada. 
 
 PniLAPEL- 
 PHIA 
 
 Hospital, 
 (Blockley.) 
 
 Tfr.-f York 
 
 Hospital, 
 
 N. York City, 
 
 Breakfast. — Tea, coffee, or chocolate, with sugar or mo- 
 lasses and milk,and common baker's bread at discretion. 
 
 Dinner. — Soup always; meat of two kinds — mutton and 
 beef, generally — pork frequently ; vegetables, accord- 
 ing to the season ; potatoes and rice, always. 
 
 Supper. — Tea and bread: no butter allowed either to 
 breakfast or supper, unless prescribed. 
 
 House Diet. — Arrow-root, gruel, sago, tapioca, rice, 
 beef tea, beef essence, chicken water, rice water, bar- 
 ley water, gum water, flaxseed tea, lemonade. (The 
 diet on which the sick are placed on entering the 
 house until otherwise directed.) 
 
 Moderate Diet. — Tea, crackers, broth, rice, mush, 
 milk, potatoes, &c. 
 
 Full Diet. — Bread, coffee, tea, white meat, mutton, 
 beef, ham, eggs, butter, soup, potatoes, &c. 
 
 Breakfast. — Bread and black tea, one ounce of tea to 
 every six, and a pint of milk to every eight patients. 
 
 Dinner. — Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Satur- 
 daj's, beef soup, with beef and potatoes, and bread. 
 On Mondays, boiled rice, with one gill of molasses. 
 
 Su])pcr. — The same as breakfast. 
 
 Gruel, gum water, barley 
 water, and other arti- 
 cles prescribed by the 
 physician. 
 
 The kind and quantity 
 left to the physician. 
 The House Diet may be 
 regarded as low diet. 
 
 Special diet is directed 
 by the attending phy- 
 sician, and adapted to 
 each case. 
 
DIET DRINK 
 
 293 
 
 DIGESTIBLE 
 
 The Diet Scale of the British Navy allows from 
 31 to 35 J^ ounces of dry nutritious matter daily; 
 of which 26 ounces are vegetable, and the rest 
 animal — 9 ounces of salt meat, or 4^ ounces of 
 fresh. 
 
 That of the Navy of the United States is as 
 follows : — Three dai/s in the week — Pork, 16 oz. ; 
 beans or peas, 7 oz. ; biscuit, 14 oz. ; pickles or 
 cranberries, 1 oz. ; sugar, 2 oz. ; tea, i oz. ; — 40i 
 oz. Two days in the week — Beef, 16 oz. ; flour, 
 8 oz. ; fruit, dried, 4 oz. ; biscuit, 14 oz. ; tea and 
 sugar, 2i oz. ; pickles or cranberries, 1 oz. ; — 
 45^ oz. Two days in the week — Beef, 16 oz. ; 
 rice, 8 oz. ; butter, 2 oz. : cheese, 2 oz. ; biscuit, 
 14oz. ; tea and sugar, 2:^ oz. ; pickles or cran- 
 berries, 1 oz. ; — 45i oz. 
 
 In the Edinburgh workhouse the total allow- 
 ance of dry food is about 17 ounces — 13 ounces 
 vegetable, and 4 ounces animal. In the Edin- 
 burgh children's poor-house, the diet consists of 
 milk and porridge, barley broth and bread, 
 amounting to 13 ounces of vegetable food to 4 
 ounces of animal. These allowances have been 
 found ample for the maintenance of health. Per- 
 haps the ease of the smallest quantity of food on 
 which life was vigorously supported was that of 
 Cornaro, — not more than 12 ounces a day, chiefly 
 of vegetable matter, for a period of 58 years. 
 
 DIET DRINK. A decoction or potion, va- 
 riously composed, and used in considerable quan- 
 tity, for the purpose of purifying the blood. The 
 Decoc'tum Lusitan' icum or Lisbon Diet-drinh, is 
 one of the most celebrated. See Decoctum Sar- 
 saparillse Compositum. 
 
 DIETARY, TABLE OP, see Diet Scale. 
 
 DIETET'ICS, Dimtet'ice, Diafet'ica, Ifedi- 
 cina DicBtet'iea ; same etymon. {'E.) Dietetique. 
 A branch of medicine, comprising the rules to be 
 followed for preventing, relieving, or cui-ing dis- 
 eases by diet. Dietetics is diet administered ac- 
 cording to principle. It is an important part of 
 Hygiene. A well regulated system of diet has 
 great power in checking disease, and likewise in 
 preventing it. A proper knowledge of dietetics 
 is, indeed, as important as that of the Materia 
 Medica, strictly so called. 
 
 Dietetics has been used, also, synonymously 
 with Hygiene. 
 
 BIETETIQ UE, Dietetics. 
 
 DIETET'ISTS, Biatetis'ta. Physicians who 
 apply only the rules of dietetics to the treatment 
 of disease. 
 
 DIEU-LE-FILT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The waters of Dieu-le-filt, in France, are chaly- 
 beate, and much sought after. 
 
 DIEURYSMUS, Dilatation. 
 
 DIEX'ODOS, from hia, and t^oSo;, 'an exit or 
 way out.' Bi'odos. Any opening by which an 
 excretion takes place. 
 
 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, see Diairi- 
 
 tica signa. 
 
 DIFFICULTAS INTESTINORUM, Dysen- 
 
 tery. 
 
 DIFFLATIO, Perspiration. 
 
 BIFFORMITE, Deformation. 
 
 DIFFUSED BLOWING SOUND, see Mur- 
 mur, respiratory. 
 
 DIFFU'SIBLE, (stimulants) from diffundere, 
 (dis, and fundere, fiisum, 'to pour,') 'to pour 
 apart or abroad.' Those stimulating medicines 
 are so called, which augment the action of the 
 va-scular and nervous systems in an acute but 
 transitory manner. 
 
 DIGAS'TRICUS, from Sig, ' twice,' and yacrviy, 
 'a belly:' Biren'ter, B. Ilaxill'cB, Be2')'rimen8 
 3faxil'l(B Biven'ter, Bigas'ter, (F.) JIasto'idohyo- 
 genien, 3Iasto'ido-genien — (Ch.,) Bigastrique, 
 Abaisseur de la machoire inferieure. The name 
 BigastriciM was formerly given to several mus- 
 cles. It is now restricted to one of the muscles 
 of the superior hyoid region. The digastrieus is • 
 thick and fleshy at its extremities, thin and ten- 
 dinous at its middle. It is attached to the mas- 
 toid groove of the temporal bone, and to a fos- 
 sette at the side of the sj'mphysis menti. Its ten- 
 don passes through an aponeurotic ring, which is 
 attached to the os hyoides. 
 
 The use of the digastrieus is to depress the 
 lower jaw, or to raise the os hyoides, and to carry 
 it forwards or backwards, as in deglutition. 
 
 The strong double-bellied muscle, which forma 
 the gizzard of birds, is also called Bigastriciis. 
 
 DiGASTRicns Craxii, Occipito-frontalis. 
 
 BIGASTRIQUE, Digastrieus. 
 
 DIGERENTIA, Digestives. 
 
 DIGES'TIBLE, Concoc'tiis hab'ilis. Capable 
 of being digested. All food is not equally di- 
 gestible, and some of the most nourishing is the 
 least so : — the fat of meat, for example. Certain 
 substances, again, are entirely rebellious. The 
 following table exhibits the time required for the 
 stomachal digestion of different alimentary sub- 
 stances, in a well-known case, which fell under 
 the care of Dr. Beaumont. The table is extracted 
 from the Author's Human Health, Philadelphia, " 
 1844. The most digestible substances are taken 
 as the standard, which has been arbitrarily fixed 
 at 1,000 ; and accordingly, aponeurosis, the first 
 article in the table, requiring 3 hours, whilst 
 pigs' feet soused, rice, &c., require but one, its 
 digestibility, compared with that of these ali- 
 ments, is placed as 333 to 1000; and so of the others. 
 It need scarcely be said, that all these tabular 
 results apply, in strictness, to the individual con- 
 cerned only ; yet they afford useful comparative 
 views, which with exceptions depending upon 
 individual peculiarities, may be regarded as ap- 
 proximations applicable to mankind in general. 
 
DIGESTIO 
 
 294 
 
 DIGITAL BLANG 
 
 Aponeurosis 
 
 Apples, mellow 
 
 Do. sour, hard 
 
 Do. sweet, mellow . . 
 
 Barley. . 
 
 Bass, striped, fresh 
 
 Beans, pod 
 
 Do. and srreen corn.. . 
 Beef, fresh, lean, rare 
 
 Do. do. do. dry . ■•■ 
 
 Do. do. steak 
 
 Do. with salt only. .. .. 
 
 Do. with mustard, &c. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. old, hard salted. . . 
 
 Beets 
 
 Brains, animal 
 
 Bread, corn 
 
 Do, wheat, fresh .... 
 
 Buttert 
 
 Calibage, head 
 
 Do. with vinegar. 
 
 Do 
 
 Cake, corn 
 
 Do. sponge 
 
 Carrot, orange 
 
 Cartilage 
 
 Catfish, fresh 
 
 Cheese, old, strong 
 
 Chicken, full grown.... 
 
 Codfish, cured dry 
 
 Corn (green) and beans. 
 
 Cuslard 
 
 Duck, domesticated . . . . 
 
 Do. wild 
 
 Dumpling, apple 
 
 Eggs, fresh. 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do, do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Flounder, fresh 
 
 Fowls, domestic 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Gelatin 
 
 Goose, wild 
 
 Heart, animal 
 
 Lamb, fresh 
 
 Liver, beefs, fresh 
 
 Form of 
 prepara- 
 
 boiled 
 raw 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 boiled 
 broiled 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 roasted 
 
 do. 
 broiled 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 fried 
 boiled 
 boiled 
 boiled 
 baked 
 baked 
 melted 
 raw 
 do. 
 boiled 
 baked 
 
 do. 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 fried 
 raw 
 
 fricasseed 
 boiled 
 boiled 
 baked 
 roasted 
 
 do. 
 boiled 
 
 hard boiled 
 soft boiled 
 fried 
 roasted 
 raw 
 
 whipped 
 fried 
 boiled 
 roasted 
 boiled 
 roasted 
 fried 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 
 
 h.m 
 
 3 
 
 i> 
 
 2 50 
 I 50 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 •i 30 
 
 3 45 
 3 
 
 3 30 
 3 
 45 
 
 3 30 
 
 4 15 
 3 45 
 
 1 45 
 3 15 
 3 30 
 3 30 
 
 2 30 
 
 2 30 
 
 3 15 
 
 4 ]5 
 3 30 
 3 30 
 
 2 45 
 2 
 
 3 45 
 
 2 45 
 4 
 
 4 30 
 3 
 
 3 30 
 3 
 3 30 
 
 2 15 
 o 
 
 I 30 
 
 3 30 
 4 
 4 
 
 30 
 30 
 
 333 
 500 
 3.52 
 545 
 500 
 333 
 400 
 260 
 333 
 285 
 333 
 303 
 285 
 250 
 235 
 2(i6 
 571 
 302 
 285 
 285 
 400 
 500 
 222 
 333 
 400 
 302 
 235 
 285 
 285 
 .3(53 
 500 
 20(5 
 3(53 
 250 
 222 
 333 
 285 
 333 
 285 
 444 
 500 
 666 
 285 
 250 
 250 
 400 
 400 
 250 
 400 
 500 
 
 Aliments. 
 
 Form of 
 prepara- 
 
 Marrow, animal, spinal 
 iMeat and vegetables . . . 
 
 Milk 
 
 Do 
 
 Mutton, fresh 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Ovsters, fresh 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Parsnips 
 
 Pig, sucking 
 
 Pigs' feet, soused 
 
 Pork, fat and lean 
 
 Do. recently salted.... 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Potatoes, Irish 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Rice 
 
 Sago 
 
 almon, salted 
 
 Sausage, fresh 
 
 Soup, barley 
 
 Do. bean 
 
 Do. beef, vegetables, and 
 
 bread 
 
 Do. chicken 
 
 Soup marrow bones 
 
 Do. mutton 
 
 Do. oyster 
 
 Suet, beef fresh 
 
 Do. mutton 
 
 Tapioca 
 
 Tendon, boiled 
 
 Tripe, soused 
 
 Trout, salmon, fresh 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Turkey, domestic 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. wild 
 
 Turnips, flat 
 
 Veal, fresh 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Vegetables and meat 
 
 hashed 
 
 Venison, steak 
 
 boiled 
 hashed 
 boiled 
 raw 
 roasted 
 broiled 
 boiled 
 raw 
 roasted 
 tewed 
 boiled 
 rn:isted 
 boiled 
 roasied 
 boiled 
 fried 
 broiled 
 
 stewed 
 
 boiled 
 
 roasted 
 
 baked 
 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 broiled 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 fried 
 roasted 
 boiled 
 roasted 
 boiled 
 broiled 
 fried 
 
 warmed 
 broiled 
 
 h.m. 
 
 2 40 
 
 30 
 
 2 15 
 
 3 15 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 55 
 
 3 1 
 
 3 30 
 2 30 
 
 2 30 
 1 
 
 5 15 
 
 4 30 
 4 15 
 
 3 15 
 3 
 
 3 
 3 30 
 
 2 30 
 
 3 20 
 1 
 
 
 145 
 
 4 
 
 3 20 
 
 1 30 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4 15 
 
 3 30 
 
 3 30 
 
 5 30 
 
 4 30 
 
 2 
 
 5 30 
 
 1 30 
 
 1 30 
 
 2 30 
 
 2 25 
 
 2 18 
 
 3 30 
 
 4 
 
 4 30 
 
 2 30 
 
 1 35 
 
 375 
 400 
 500 
 444 
 307 
 333 
 333 
 342 
 307 
 285 
 400 
 400 
 3000 
 190 
 222 
 235 
 302 
 333 
 333 
 285 
 400 
 400 
 1000 
 571 
 250 
 300 
 666 
 333 
 
 250 
 333 
 235 
 285 
 285 
 181 
 222 
 500 
 181 
 1000 
 666 
 606 
 400 
 511 
 435 
 285 
 250 
 222 
 
 400 
 631 
 
 ♦Pigs' feet soused, rice, and tripe soused, being the most digestible articles in the table, are estimated at 1000. 
 t In the case of oils, and other substances of similar nature, which undergo little digestion in the stomach, 
 the time merely indicates the period that elapses before they are sent into the duodenum. 
 
 DIGESTIO DEPRAVATA, Dyspepsia — d. 
 DifEoilis, Dyspepsia — d. Laesa, Dyspepsia. 
 
 DIGES'TION, Bigest'io, from dkjere, ' to dis- 
 solve' ; Goetio, G. Gibo'rum, Pep'sis, JDiges'tive 
 Proc" ess. Digestion is a function, by means of 
 which alimentary substances, when introduced 
 into the digestive canal, undergo different altera- 
 tions. The object of this is to convert them into 
 two parts ; the one, a reparatory juice, destined 
 to renew the perpetual waste occurring in the 
 economy : the other, deprived of its nutritious 
 properties, to be rejected from the body. This 
 function is composed of a series of organic ac- 
 tions, differing according to the particular organi- 
 zation of the animal. In man they are eight in 
 number, viz. 1. Prehension of food. 2. Mastica- 
 tion. 3. Insalivation. 4. Deglutition. 6. Action 
 rf the stomach. 6. Action of the small intestine. 
 7. Action of the large intestine. 8. Expulsion of 
 the faeces. 
 
 Digestion is also a pAa?'OTfTce«<»'cnZ operation, 
 which consists in treating certain solid substances 
 with water, alcohol, or other menstruum, at a 
 
 slightly elevated temperature, — in a sand-bath, 
 for example, or by leaving them exposed for some 
 time to the sun. 
 
 DIGESTIVE. See Digestives — d. Principle, 
 Pepsin — d. Process, Digeftion. 
 
 Digestive Texture. The particular organic 
 condition of substances which affects their diges- 
 tibility. 
 
 Digestive Tube, Canal, alimentary. 
 
 Diges'tives, Digcsti'vn, Digeren'tia ; same 
 etymon as Digestion. (F.) Bigcs'Afs. A term 
 given, by surgeons, to substances, which, when 
 applied to a wound or ulcer, promote suppura- 
 tion ; such as the ccratuni resina, tcarm cata- 
 2}Iosms, fomentations, &c. 
 
 DIG"ITAL, Digita'lia ; from digitus, 'a fin- 
 ger:' having the shape of a finger; digitated. 
 Belonging to the fingers. 
 
 The Appen'dix vermifor'mis caci is sometimes 
 called Dig"ital Appen'dix. 
 
 Digital Arteries, Veins, and Nerves are 
 those distributed to the fingers. 
 
 DIGITAL BLANG, Clavaria. 
 
DIGITAL 
 
 295 
 
 DILUENTIA 
 
 Dtgitai, Cavity, An'cyroid cavity, Cornu de- 
 »ow«'cZe»s ventric'uli latera'lis. The occipital por- 
 tiiji of the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
 
 DIGITAL UUMAIN, Clavaria. 
 
 Digital Impressions are the slight depres- 
 sicus observable on the inner surface of the bones 
 of the cranium, which correspond to the cerebral 
 convolutions. _ 
 
 DIGcITA'LE. Same etymon. (F.) Doigtier. 
 A finger stall. The term Doigtier d'Asdrubali 
 has been given to a small iron instrument used 
 for measuring the dimensions of the pelvis. 
 Placed at the end of the index finger, it adds to 
 its l52gth and enables it to reach the promontory 
 of the sacrum. 
 
 DIGITALINE, see Digitalis. 
 
 DIGITA'LIS, flora digitus, 'a finger,' because 
 its flower represents a finger; Digita'lin purjm'- 
 rea, Fox-glove, Bac'charis, Bacehar, Daccar (?) ; 
 Family, Scrophularineae. Sex. Syst. Didynamia 
 Angiospermia. (F.) Digitale, Gants de notre dame, 
 Doigtier. The leaves of this plant, which are 
 indigenous in Great Britain, are powerfully seda- 
 tive, diminishing the velocity of the pulse, diu- 
 retic, and sorbefacient. In over-doses, Digitalis 
 causes vomiting, purging, dimness of sight, ver- 
 tigo, delirium, hiccough, convulsions, and death : 
 — all the symptoms, in short, which characterize 
 the acro-nareotic class of poisons. Its active 
 principle has been called Dig"itnline. It is a 
 hundred-fold stronger than the most active pre- 
 paration of digitalis. 
 
 Digitalis has been administered in inflamma- 
 tory diseases, phthisis, active hemorrhage, drop- 
 sy, &e. ; but although it is a powerful remedy, it 
 has not been as much emploj"ed as it probably 
 would have been in particular cases, owing to 
 the over-stra,ined eulogiums, which many have 
 passed upon it in almost all diseases. The ave- 
 rage dose is one grain, in the form of pill, which 
 may be repeated every six or eight hours. 
 
 Digitalis Minima, Gratiola ofiicinalis. 
 
 DIGITA'TION, Digita'tio, Produc'tiodentn'ta, 
 Inaer'tio denticuln'ta, I. digita'ta. A division into 
 processes having the form of fingers. Several 
 muscles, as the serrati, exhibit digitations, similar 
 to those which the fingers form, when held separate. 
 
 DIGITATIONES TUBARUM FALLOPII, 
 see Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 DIGIT"IUM. Desiccation or atrophy of the 
 fingers. — Linnaeus. Sauvages calls the same af- 
 fection Paronych'ia Digi.t"iitm, see Paronychia. 
 
 DIGITORUM TENSOR, Extensor brevis digi- 
 torum pedis. 
 
 DIG"ITUS, Dac'tylos, Finger, (F.) Doigt. 
 A name given to the prolongations which form 
 the extremity of the hand. There are five on 
 each hand: the first, the thumb, Anticheir, 
 Pollex, 3Ianu8 parva majo'ri adju'trix, Dig"itus 
 primus, D. magnus, Pro'manus, (F.) Pouce ; the 
 second, the index; the third, D. medius, Impu- 
 di'cus, (F.) Doigt du milieu, middle finger or lo7tg 
 finger; the fourth, the ring finger, Anmda'ris, 
 Param'esos, (F.) Annulaire ; and the little finger, 
 Oti'tes, Dig"itus auricula' ris, (F.) Auriculaire, 
 Petit doigt. All of these have three phalanges, 
 except the first, which has only two. 
 
 Digitus Annularis, Annular finger — d. Au- 
 ricularis, see Digitus — d. Index, Index — d. Indi- 
 catorius, Index — d. Magnus, Pollex, see Digitus 
 — d. Medius, see Digitus. 
 
 Dig"itds Pedis, Toe. (F.) Orteil. The toes 
 are five in number, and distinguished nume- 
 rically, reckoning from within to without. The 
 first is, also, called great toe, (F.)gros orteil; the 
 fifth, the little toe, petit orteil. They have nearly 
 the same orgaa'zation as the fingers. 
 
 Digitus Primus, Pollex, see Digitus — d. Sa- 
 lutatorius. Index — d. Secundus, Index. 
 
 DIG'NATIIUS; from Si, ' double,' and yvaeo^, 
 'lower jaw.' A monster having tvr'o lower jaws. 
 — Gurlt. 
 
 DIGNOTIO, Diagnosis. 
 
 DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS, from St, 'double,' and 
 'vTroyaarptov, 'the hypogastrium.' A monster 
 whose pelvis, together with the lower portion of 
 the abdomen, is double. 
 
 DIHYSTE'RIA, Dime'tra, Didel'pltys, U'terv9 
 duplex, from Si, 'double,' and 'varcpri, 'uterus.' 
 The state in which there is a double uterus. 
 
 DIJUDICATIO, Crisis. 
 
 DILACERATIO, Laceration. 
 
 DILATANTS, Dilating agents. 
 
 DILATA TEUR, DOator — rf. Anterieur du 
 larynx, Crico-thyroid muscle — d. Posterieur du 
 larynx, Crico-arytenoid, posterior. 
 
 DILATATIO BRONCHIORUM, Bronchiec- 
 tasis — • d. Ventriculi, Gastrectasis — d. Intestino- 
 rum, Enterectasis. 
 
 DILATA'TION, Dilata'fio, from dilatare, 
 {latum facere,) 'to enlarge;' Eurys'mus, Aneu- 
 rys'mus, Dieurys'mus. Augmentation of the bulk 
 of a body, occasioned by a separation of some of 
 its molecules. Caloric has the property of dilat- 
 ing all bodies. In Surgery, it means the acci- 
 dental or preternatural augmentation of a canal 
 or opening; as in aneurisms, varices, &c., or the 
 process of enlarging any aperture or canal. When 
 used so as to obtain a view of parts, as by the 
 speculum, it is termed Diopiris'mxis, 
 
 DILATATOIRE, Dilator. 
 
 DILATATORIUM, Dilator. 
 
 DILATATORIUS, Dilator. 
 
 DILA'TING AGENTS, Dilatan'tia, (F.) Di- 
 latants. Certain substances used in surgery, 
 either to keep parts separate which have a ten- 
 dency to unite — as after opening an abscess, to 
 prevent the edges of the incision from uniting ; 
 or to increase and dilate openings of canals, either 
 when natural, or formed accidentally or artifici- 
 ally. These agents difi'er from each other: the 
 chief are — prepared sponge tents, gentian root, 
 bougies, sounds, dried peas for issues, &c. 
 
 DILA'TOR, Dilatato'rius, Diastnlsvs, (F.) Di- 
 latateur ou Dilatatoire. A muscle, whose ofiice 
 it is to dilate certain parts ; such as the inspira- 
 tory muscles, which dilate the chest. 
 
 Dilator, Dilatato'rimn, (F.) Dilatatevr. An 
 instrument, used for dilating a wound, excretory 
 canal, or other natural or artificial opening. When 
 employed to obtain an inspection of internal 
 parts, it is termed Spec'ulum, Diop'tra or Diop'- 
 tron. There are several instruments of this kind, 
 each taking its name from the part to which it is 
 applied ; as Speculum Oris, S. Nasi, S. Uteri, &q. 
 
 Dilator, Arnott's. A modification of the old 
 dilators for strictures of the urethra. It consists 
 of a tube of oiled silk, lined with the thin gut of 
 some small animal to make it air-tight, and fixed 
 on the extremity of a small canula, by which it 
 is distended with air or water, from a bag or 
 syringe at the outer end, whilst a stop-cock or 
 valve serves to keep the air or water in, when 
 received. As soon as the bag is passed within 
 the stricture or strictures, as much air is to be 
 injected into it as the patient can easily bear. 
 The instrument is not much used. 
 
 DiLATORES Alarum Nasi, Compressor naris. 
 
 DILL, Anethum graveolens. 
 
 DILLY, Anthemis cotula. 
 
 DILUEN'TIA, from diluo, {dis, and here,) 'i 
 wash away.' (F.) Delayanis. Medicines which 
 have been conceived proper for augmenting tha 
 fluidity of the blood and other animal liquids. 
 A'iI aqueous drinks are diluents. They are ad- 
 
DILWEED 
 
 296 
 
 DIPLOPIA 
 
 ministered, with great advantage, in various dis- 
 eases. In fever, water, wiiicli is the most familiar 
 diluent, may be freely allowed ; the only precau- 
 tion being to give it hot in the cold stage, cold in 
 the hot, and fepiVZ in the sweating. In diseases, 
 where it is considered necessary to abstract blood 
 largely, diluents should not be given too freely. 
 The abstraction of blood occasions activity of ab- 
 sorption, and the mass is speedily restored. It 
 is also obvious, that in cases of inflammation of 
 the mammae, in nurses, diluents should not be 
 freely allowed, as they increase the secretion of 
 milk, and add to the irritation. When demulcents 
 are exhibited in eases of urinary disease, they act 
 simply as diluents : their mucilaginous portion is 
 digested in the stomach and small intestine, — 
 the watery portion alone being separated by the 
 kidney. 
 
 DILWEED, Anthemis cotula. 
 DIMETRA, Dihysteria. 
 
 DINANT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Dinant 
 is a small town, six leagues from St. Malo, in 
 France, where are mineral waters, containing car- 
 bonate of iron, chloride of sodium, &c. They are 
 much esteemed. 
 DINGEE, Dengue. 
 DINICUS, Antidinic. 
 
 DINKHOLD, MINERAL WATERS OF. _ A 
 rich carbonated water, situate near the junction 
 of the Lahn with the Rhine, in the duchy of Nas- 
 sau. It contains sulphate of soda, chloride of 
 sodium, carbonate of soda, sulphate of lime, car- 
 bonate of lime, and sulphate of magnesia. 
 , DINOMANIA, Tarantismus. 
 
 DINUS, Vertigo — d. Scotoma, Scotodynia — d. 
 Vertigo, Vertigo. 
 
 DIOBOLON, Scruple. 
 DIOCRES, Pastil. 
 DIODOS, Diexodos. 
 DKECESIS, Dispensation, 
 DIONCO'SIS, from &ia, and oyKog, 'a tumour.' 
 The Methodists applied this name to a sort of 
 tumefaction or plethora, occurring either directly 
 from too great a quantity of fluid circulating in 
 the system, or owing to the retention of sub- 
 stances which ought to be excreted. It is the 
 antithesis to symptosis. See Intumescence. 
 
 DIONYSIA'NUS, from Awvvaoq, 'Bacchus,' 
 who is represented by the poets as wearing horns. 
 One who has long or horn-like excrescences. 
 
 DIONYSIS'CUS, same etymon. One who has 
 a long horn-like excrescence on the frontal region. 
 — ^Vogel. 
 
 DIOPHTHALMUS, Binoculus. 
 DIOPTRA, Speculum, see Dilator. 
 DIOPTRISMUS, Dilatation. 
 DIOPTRON, Speculum, see Dilator. 
 DIORTHO'SIS,from5topS£u), 'I make straight.' 
 The reduction of a fractured or luxated limb. 
 DIOSCOREA, see Yam. 
 
 Diosco'rea Villo'sa, Wild Yamroot; indi- 
 genous : Order, Dioscoriacese ; flowering in July. 
 A decoction of the root has been prescribed in 
 bilious colic. It is said to be expectorant, dia- 
 phoretic, and, in large doses, emetic. 
 DIOSCURI, Parotis. 
 DIOSMA, D. crenata. 
 
 Dios'ma. Crbna'ta, from ^loj, 'divine,' and 
 ocjir], ' odour.' Baros'ma crena'ta, Ac/athoa'nia 
 crena'tum, Buclin Leaven, Dionma (Ph. U. S., 
 1842, Bnchu, 1851) Biickho, (P.) Dioamee cre- 
 *>eJee. Nat. Ord. Diosmeae. A South African 
 plant, the powder of whose leaves is used by the 
 Hottentots to perfume their bodies. It has been 
 employed in chronic affections of the bladder and 
 nrtnary organs in general. It has also been given 
 in cholera. It is often adulterated in comineroe, 
 by the substitution of less potent plants of the 
 
 same family, as Diosma serrati/o'lia, and Eti- 
 pleu'rum serrvla'tum. 
 
 Diosma Serratifolia, D. crenata, 
 
 BIOSMEE CRENELEE, Diosma crenata, 
 
 DIOS'PYROS LOTUS, apparently from ^(of, 
 'divine,' and ^rupoj, 'wheat,' but why is not clear; 
 Faba GrcBca, Indian Date Plum, (F.) Plaqiienii- 
 nier d'Europe. This tree grows in some of the 
 southern parts of Europe. Its fruit is very as- 
 tringent, and has been recommended in dysentery 
 and hemorrhages. 
 
 Dios'PYROS Virginia'xa, Lotus Virgun'a'na, 
 Pemiin'mon. A common tree in the middle parts 
 of the United States. The fruit, Persirn'moua, 
 Yellow Plums, Winter Plums, Seeded Plums, which 
 is only eatable after frost, (when it is tolerable.) 
 is sometimes made into cakes with bran. These, 
 being dried in an oven, are kept to make beer. 
 When bruised in water, fermentation takes place, 
 The unripe fruit is distressingly acerb and astrin- 
 gent. The bark of the tree, Biospyros, (Ph. U. 
 S.,) is extremely bitter, and may be used where 
 bitters are indicated. 
 
 DIOTA, Byota, from iig, and ovg, genitive 
 otiros, 'ear.' Two-eared, two-handled. Applied to 
 a wooden cup, lined with a composition of resin, 
 cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, to give more flavour 
 to beer. It was formerly much used in the north 
 of Europe. 
 
 DIPHORUS, Diphrus. 
 
 DIPHRUS, Bi'2)horus, from Si;, 'two,' and 
 ^epiii, ' I carry.' Properly a seat for two. A close 
 stool. 
 
 Diphrus MAiEu'Ticrs, Sella ohstetric"ia. An 
 obstetric chair. 
 
 DIPH'RYGES; from Si;, and ipfvyu), 'I tor- 
 refy.' The oxide of copper, more or less pure. 
 The ancients reckoned three kinds of diphryges, 
 which they used as astringents. 
 
 DIPHTHERIA, Diphtheritis. 
 
 BIPHTHERITE BUCOALE, Stomatitis, 
 pseudomembranous. 
 
 DIPHTHERI'TIS, BipTither'ia, Biplitherit'ic 
 Inflammation, Pellic'ular Inflammation, from Si^- 
 Oipa, 'a membrane.' A name given by M. Bre- 
 tonneau to a class of diseases, which are charac- 
 terized by a tendency to the formation of false 
 membranes, and afi"ect the dermoid tissue, — :as the 
 mucous membranes, and even the skin. 
 
 Diphtheritis of the Throat, Angina pellicu- 
 laris — d. Trachealis, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 DIPLASIASMUS, Duplication, 
 
 DIPLECOIA, Double hearing, 
 
 DIP'LOB, from Sn:\ou), ' I double.' Biplo'sis, 
 lleditul'lium, llediuyn Calva'ricB Biseri'men. The 
 cellular structure, which separates the two tables 
 of the skull from each other. The ancients ap- 
 plied the term, also, to the proper coat of the 
 uterus (?) — Rolfink, in Castelli. 
 
 The Diploe has the same use as the cellular 
 structure of bones in general. See Cancelli. 
 
 DIPLOGEN'ESIS, Sn:\oo;, ' double,' and ycvt- 
 ci;, 'generation.' An organic deviation, which is 
 owing to the union of two germs. 
 
 DIPLOLEPIS GALL^ TINCTORIiE, see 
 Quercus infectoria. 
 
 DIPLO'MA. Same etymon as Diploe. A letter 
 or writing conferring some privilege; usually 
 npplied to the document, certifying that a person 
 has obtained the title of Doctor. It was so called 
 because formerly written on waxed tables, folded 
 together. Diploma is also used in pharmacy for 
 a vessel with double walls, — as a water-ljath. 
 
 DIPLO'PIA, from St-rloo;, 'double,' and o-nro- 
 Ijai, ' I see.' Fi'sii* Bvplicn'tus, Bitto'pia, Bit- 
 top' sia, A mphamphotcrodiop'eia, Amphodiplo' pia, 
 Bouhle Vision, (F.) Bevuc. An afi'ection of the 
 
DIPLOSIS 
 
 297 
 
 DISEASE 
 
 Bight, in which two distinct sensations are pro- 
 duced by the same object, which consequently 
 seems double. Sometimes more than two are 
 seen; but still the disease is termed Diplo'pia 
 and Suffii'szo 3[idt'iplicanfs. This affection arises 
 from some derangement in the visual axes, in 
 consequence of which, the images are not im- 
 pressed on corresponding parts of the retina of 
 each eye. The diplopia of both eyes has been 
 termed Amphodiplo'piia and Amjihoterodiplo'pia. 
 
 DIPLOSIS, Diploe, Duplication. 
 
 DIPLOSO'MA, from 1>l-\oo?, 'double,' and 
 awna, ' body.' The Diplosoma crena'ta is an im- 
 perfectly described entozoon, which has been 
 . passed from the urinary bladder. It varies in 
 length from four to six or eight inches, and is 
 thinnest in the middle, where it is bent at an 
 acute angle upon itself, so that the two halves 
 hang nearly parallel, and give to it an appear- 
 ance as if two worms had been tied together by 
 their heads. It has been confounded with the 
 &'2)iroptera hominia. 
 
 DIPNOOS, from lig, and Tvotj, 'breath.' Hav- 
 ing two vent holes ; Bispi'nts. An epithet ap- 
 plied to wounds which pass through a part, and 
 admit the air at both ends. — Galen. 
 
 DIPROSO'PUS, Iriod'ymns et Opod'ymus, from 
 ii, ' double,' and T^oauntov, ' countenance.' A 
 monster having a double face. 
 
 DiPROso'pus Di.edce'us, from &i, 'double,' and 
 irpoo-uTrov, ' countenance ;' and 5i, ' double,' and 
 atioia, 'parts of generation.' A double monster, 
 in whom the duplication affects superiorly the 
 face, and inferiorly the anterior pelvic region. — 
 Barkow. 
 
 DiPEOso'ptrs Dihypogas'trius, from hi, ' dou- 
 ble,' and Trpocrwzov, ' countenance,' and from Si, 
 ' double,' and 'vTroyaiXTpiov, ' the hypogastrium.' 
 A double monster in whom the duplication affects 
 superiorly the face, and inferiorly the lower part 
 of the body — four lower extremities being always 
 present ; — Tetras' celus. 
 
 DIPSA, Thirst. 
 
 DIPSACOS, Diabetes. 
 
 DIP'SACUS FULLO'NUM, Herla Car'dui 
 Ven'eris, Cnr'duus Ven'eris, (F.) Cardere cnltive, 
 Chardon d, foiilnn, Cliardon & bonneiiei; has had 
 .similar properties ascribed to it. Both have been 
 also regarded as stomachic. 
 
 Dip'sAcus Sylves'tris, from iiipa, 'thirst,' 
 said to be so called owing to the leaves being so 
 placed as to hold water. Oultioated Teasel, 
 (F.) Cardere. The roots of this European plant 
 are diuretic and sudorific. The water, which col- 
 lects at the base of the leaves, has been recom- 
 mended as an eye-water. 
 
 DIPSET'ICOS, from k^a, 'thirst.' A remedy 
 believed to be capable of exciting thirst. See 
 Alterative. 
 
 DIPSO'DES, SWiens, Siticulo'sus, from ii'^a, 
 'thirst,' and uboi, 'resemblance.' Thirsty. Caus- 
 ing thirst. 
 
 DIPSOMANIA, from Si^a, 'thirst,' and mania. 
 Really, thirst-mania. Often, however, applied to 
 habitual drunkenness and to delirium tremens. 
 An insatiable desire for intoxicating liquors. 
 
 DIPSOP'ATHY, BipsopatJti'a, from ii^a, 
 'thirst,' and TTuSof, 'disease.' A mode of treat- 
 ment, which consists in abstaining from drinks. 
 
 DIPSO'SIS. Same etymon. Morbid thirst. 
 The desire for drinking, excessive or impaired. 
 A genus in the class Coeliaca, order Enterica, of 
 Good. 
 
 DiPSo'sis AvENS, Polydypsia — d. Expers, 
 Adipsia. 
 
 DI'PYGUS, from h, 'double,' and nvyr^, 'the 
 nates.' A double monster, the duplication being 
 confined to the posterior portion of the lower end 
 of the trunk — the coccygeal region. 
 
 DIPYRE'NON, from 5<f, 'twice,' and T,.p„i', 
 'a kernel.' A specil'lum or probe with two but- 
 tons or kernels — one at each end. 
 
 DIPYRITES, Biscuit. 
 
 DIPYROS, Biscuit. 
 
 DIRCA PALUS'TRIS, Leatherwood, Swamp 
 Leatherwood, 3foosewood, Sicampwood, Jiope- 
 bark, Bois de plomh, (Canada.) An indigenous 
 shrub, which grows in boggy woods and low wet 
 places throughout the United States. It is ana- 
 logous to mezereon, in its action, — six or eight 
 grains of the fresh bark producing violent vomit- 
 ing, preceded by a sense of heat in the stomach, 
 often followed by purging. Applied to the skin, 
 the bark vesicates. 
 
 DIRECTOR, Ttinera'rium, from dirigere, di- 
 rectum, {dis, and rec/ere, ' to rule,') ' to direct.' A 
 Conductor. A grooved sound for guiding a knife, 
 in dividing any part; (F.) Sonde cannelee. 
 
 Director Penis, Ischio-cavernosus. 
 
 DIRIBITORIUM, Mediastinum. 
 
 DIRT-EATING, Chthonophagia. 
 
 DIRUPTIO, Rhexis. 
 
 DIS, Di. 
 
 DISC, see Disk. 
 
 DISCEPTUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISCHARGE', (r/;«,^and charge,) Ec'roe, 
 Fluxus, Proflu'vium, (F.) Ecoulement. In patho- 
 logj"-, an increased discharge from any part, that 
 naturally secretes a fluid. 
 
 DISCHROA, Dyschroja. 
 
 DISCREET', from discernere, discretxim, 'to 
 separate.' Discre'tits, Intertinc'tus, Separated, 
 (F.) Discret. This epithet is given to certain 
 exanthemata, in which the spots or pustules are 
 separated from each other. It is opposed to 
 confluent. 
 
 DISCRET, Discreet. 
 
 DISCRE'TA PURGA'TIO. The purgation 
 or expulsion of some particular matter. 
 
 DISCRETIVUS, Diagnostic. 
 
 DISCRETORIUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISCRI'MEN, Separation, Division. A ban- 
 dage, used in bleeding from the frontal vein ; so 
 called, because, in passing along the sagittal su- 
 ture, it divides the head into two equal parts. 
 
 DiscRiMEN Calvari^ Medium, Diploe — d. 
 Narium, Septum N. 
 
 DiscRiMEN Nasi; a bandage, in the form of 
 the letter X, intended to support the nose, in 
 transverse wounds of the organ. 
 
 DiscRiiiEN Thoracis et Ventris, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISCUS PROLIGERUS, Proligerous disc — 
 d. Vitellinus, Proligerous disc. 
 
 DISCUSSIFS, Discutients. 
 
 DISCUSSIO, Resolution. 
 
 DISCUSSIVA, Discutients. 
 
 DISCUSSORIA, Discutients. 
 
 DISCU'TIENTS, Discutien'tia, Resolven'tia, 
 Discuss" va, Discusso'ria, from discittere, 'to shake 
 apart,' (dis, and quatere, 'to shake.') (F.) Dis- 
 cu-ssifs. Substances which possess the potver of 
 repelling or resolving tumours. 
 
 DISEASE', old French desaise; — from dis, and 
 ease: Morbus, Nosos, Nose'ma, Noseu'ma, Nusus, 
 Pathos, Pathe'ma, Lues, Malum, Passio, jEgritti'- 
 do, ^grota'tio, Vit"ium, Arrhos'tia, Arrhoste'ma, 
 Arrhosten'ia, Valetu'do adver'sa, Mal'adt/, Com., 
 plaint, Sichness, Distem'per. (F.) Maladie. An 
 opposite state to that of health, consisting in a 
 change either in the position and structure of 
 parts, or in the exercise of one or more of their 
 functions, or in both. 
 
 By some. Disease is applied to structural 
 change, whilst Disorder is restricted to functional 
 derangement. 
 
 The following table, essentially that of Dr. C. 
 J. B. Williams, comprises the chief elements of 
 structural disease. 
 
DISECOIA 
 
 298* 
 
 DISPENSATORY 
 
 ■ Increased — Hypertrophy, 
 Diminished— Atrophy. 
 
 Diseased 
 
 Nutrition. 
 
 r Contraction, 
 Dilatation, 
 Altered J Obstruction, 
 
 ' Inflammation, 
 Induration, 
 Softening, 
 Transformation and Degeneration. 
 
 ' Euplastic 
 
 r Cicatrices, 
 I False 
 
 Deposits . . \ Cacoplastic 
 
 Perverted . - 
 
 Mechajsism. 
 
 Compression, 
 Displacement, 
 Rupture, &c. 
 
 Growths 
 
 Disease, Blue, Cyanopathy — d. of Bright, 
 Kidney, Bright's Disease of the — d. English, 
 Piaehitis — d. Extrinsic, External disease — d. 
 Family, see Hereditary — d. Fungoid, Encepha- 
 'loid — d. Gastro-enteric, Gastro-enteritis — d. Has- 
 mato-cerebriform, Eneephaloid — d. Hereditary, 
 see Hereditary — d. Pretended, Feigned disease— 
 d. Simulated, Feigned disease — d. Surgical, Ex- 
 ternal disease. 
 
 DISECOIA, Baryecoia. 
 
 DISFIGURATION, Deformation. 
 
 DISGORGE'MENT, (F.) Begorf/ement, from 
 de, ajid (/orije^ 'the throat.' An opposite condi- 
 tion to that of Engorgement. The discharge or 
 abstraction of a certain quantity of fluid, -which 
 had previously collected in a part; as Disgorge- 
 ment of bile. It also means particularly, a vomit. 
 
 DISGUST', from de, and gmtnre, 'to taste.' 
 Cihi fastid'iimi, Aposit'ia, Asit'ia, Ajyoclei'sis, 
 Ahomtna'tio, Siccha'sia, Horror Ciho'rum, Loath- 
 ing. An aversion for food. (F.) Degout. Dis- 
 gust is not the same as Anorexia. The latter is 
 only a want of appetite; the former consists in 
 real repugnance for food. 
 
 DISINFECTANT, D! sin fee' tans, from dis, 
 a,nd infeet. This term has been restricted by 
 some to agents that are capable of neutralizing 
 morbific effluvia; but the author includes under 
 it, also, antiseptics or agents that are capable of 
 removing any incipient or fully formed septic 
 condition of the living body, or of any part of it. 
 
 DISINFECTING LIQUID, SIR WILLIAM 
 BURNETT'S, see Burnett's Disinfecting Liquid 
 — d. Liquid, Labarraque's, Liquor sodae chlori- 
 natas — d. Liquid of Ledoyen, see Ledoyen's dis- 
 infecting liquid. 
 
 DISINFECTION, Disinfec'tio. The act of 
 destroying miasmata, with which the air, cloth- 
 ing, &c., may be infected. Various means have 
 been proposed for this purpose. Those most 
 comni'^uly employed are: — chlorine, aidphnroits 
 and chl-Drohydric acid gases, vaponrs of vinegar, 
 tiitrous acia ; and, what is, perhaps, the most 
 manageable of any, and equally efficacious, — 
 chlorinated lime, or any of the chlorides of the 
 alkalies. It is questionable if any'chemical ac- 
 tion occur between these agents and the mias- 
 mata, whence results a compound which is harm- 
 li'ss. Disinfection also includes the action of 
 antiseptics. 
 
 Ohlorine or Oocymuriat'ic Fnmiga'tion, S!ohi'- 
 tw alexite'ria Gauhia'na, Fnmiga'tio antHoim'- 
 tVa Oaii'hii, Alexite'rium chlo'rieum, Fnmiga'tio 
 Gvytonien'sis, is made by adding common salt 
 ^iij, to Had. oxide of manganese ^j, sidyhiiric 
 
 se membranes. 
 Cirrhosis, 
 J Fibro-cartilage, 
 1 Gray tubercle, 
 [ Atheroma, &c. 
 C Yellow tubercle, 
 
 _ Aplastic < Calcareous 
 
 ( matter, &c. 
 ( Cysts, 
 r Nonmalignant . < Tumours, 
 I ( Hydatids, &e. 
 
 ( Carcinoma, 
 < Encephalonia, 
 (^ Melanosis, &c. 
 
 [ Malignant. 
 
 acid §j, and loater f^ij. This may be carried 
 through an apartment, or be shut up in it. 
 
 Nitrons Fnmiga'tion, Alexite'rium Ni'tricum, 
 Fxtmiga'tio Smythia'na, may be formed by pla- 
 cing nitrate of potass ^iv, and sulphuric acid ^i^, 
 in a saucer on hot sand. 
 
 DISJUNCTI MORBL (From dis, and jwi- 
 gere, jnnctnm, 'to join.') Disjoined diseases. 
 Fernelius has thus denominated diseases which 
 occupy difiTerent organs, and are not produced by 
 each other. 
 
 DISK, BLOOD, Globules of the blood— d. In- 
 tervertebral, Intervertebral Cartilage — d. Prolige- 
 rous, see Proligerous Disk. 
 
 DISLOCATIO LIENIS SEU SPLENIS, 
 Spleneetopia. 
 
 DISLOCATION, Luxation. ' 
 
 DISOD'ICUS, from its, 'twice,' and o&o;, 
 'threshold.' Having a double opening. 
 
 DISORDER, see Disease. 
 
 DISORGANIZA'TION, Organo'rum destrvc- 
 tio, (F.) Desorganisation. A complete morbid 
 change in the structure of an organ, or even 
 total destruction of its texture. In sphncehis, 
 and sloughy ulcers, we have examjiles of this 
 change. 
 
 DISPENSATRE, Dispensary, Dispensatory. 
 
 DISPEN'SARY, Dispensa'rium, from dispen- 
 dere, {dis and pendere, ' to weigh,') 'to take from 
 a weight or mass,' 'to distribute.' The shop or 
 place in which medicines are prepared. Also, an 
 institution in which the poor are furnished with 
 advice and necessary medicines. (F.) Disjxn- 
 smire. This word is also used by the French sy- 
 nonymously with Dispensatory. 
 
 DISPENSA'TION, Dispensa'tio, Diace'sia, 
 Epineme'sis. The composition and distribution 
 of medicines according to prescription. In 
 France, it is more commonly applied to the 
 weighing, measuring, and arranging of the ar- 
 ticles, which have to enter into a formula, prior 
 to combining them. 
 
 DISPENSATOR, Apothecary. 
 
 DISPEN'SATORY, Dispensato'rinm ; same 
 etymon. Antidota'rium, Liber Pharmaceut'icvs, 
 (F.) Dispensaire. A book which treats of the 
 composition of medicines. A Dispensatory dif- 
 fers from a Pharmacopoeia, in containing the phy- 
 sical and medical history of the various substances ; 
 whilst the Pharmacopoeia is mainly restricted to 
 the mode of preparing them. The Pharmacopoeia 
 too, is published under the authority of, and by, 
 the members of a college or association ; whilst a 
 dispensatory contains the whole of the Pharma- 
 copoeia or Pharmacopoeias, with additions by the 
 author, under whose authority, alone, it usually 
 
DISPLACED 
 
 299 
 
 DITTAXT 
 
 appears. The Pharmacopoeia, in other words, is 
 officinal; the Dispensatory, generally, private. 
 Formerly, the words were used indiscriminately. 
 See Formulary, and Pharmacopceia. 
 
 DISPLACED, see Percolation. 
 
 DISPLACEMENT, Percolation. 
 
 DISPOSIT"ION, D{spo!<it"io, from dis, and 
 pnnere, 'to put or set.' A particular condition 
 of the body, which renders it susceptible of 
 altering, suddenly, to a state of health or disease: 
 — of improving, or becoming changed for the 
 worse. The disposition to phthisis pulmonalis is 
 sometimes so strong, owing to original conforma- 
 tion, that the disease will make its appearance, 
 notwithstanding every care. See Diathesis. 
 
 DISPUTATIO, Thesi^s. 
 
 BISQUE PROLIGERE, Proligerous Disk. 
 
 DISRUP'TIO, from disrumpere, 'to break off.' 
 A puncture, which interests deep-seated parts. 
 
 DISSECTING ANEURISM, see Aneurism. 
 
 DISSECTIO, Dissection — d. Tendinum, Te- 
 notomy. 
 
 DISSECTION, Dissec'tio, from dissecare, [die, 
 and secure, 'to cut,') 'to cut open;' Diac'ope, 
 Sec'tio Anatom'ica, Practical Anatomj/, Necrot'- 
 omy. An operation, by which the different parts 
 of the dead bodj' are exposed, for the purpose of 
 studying their arrangement and structure. Dis- 
 section has received various names, according to 
 the organ concerned; — as Osteotomy, Syndesmo- 
 tomy. Myotomy, Angiotomy, Neurotomy, Desmot- 
 omy, &c. 
 
 DISSECTOR, Prosec'tor, Pro'tomus, same 
 etymon. (F.) Prosecteur. A practical anatomist. 
 One who prepares the parts for the anatomical 
 lecture. ■ 
 
 DISSEPIMENTUM NARIUM, Septum na- 
 rium — d. Thoracis, Mediastinum. 
 
 DISSEPTUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISSERTATION, INAUGURAL, Thesis. 
 
 DISSIDENTIA, Diastasis. 
 
 DISSIPIUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISSOLUTIO SANGUINIS, Hsemateclysis 
 ■ — d. Ventriculi, Gastromalacia. 
 
 DISSOLU'TION, Bissoln'tio, Bial'ysis, from 
 dissolvere, [dis, and solvere,) 'to loosen,' 'to melt.' 
 This word is in frequent use, in the writings of 
 the humourists. It is employed, particularly, in 
 speaking of the blood ; — to designate, not its en- 
 tire decomposition or putrefaction, but a diminu- 
 tion in its consistence. 
 
 BISSOLUTION, Solution. 
 
 BISSOLVANTS, Dissolventia. 
 
 DISSOLVEN'TIA, Solvents, (F.) Bissolvants. 
 Medicines believed to be capable of dissolving 
 swellings, concretione, &c. Discutients, Resol- 
 vents. 
 
 DISTAD; from disfo, (dis, and sfo,) 'to stand 
 apart.' Away from a centre. Towards the far 
 extremity. In anatomy, used by Dr. Barclay 
 adverbially, to signify 'towards the distal aspect.' 
 
 DISTAL ASPECT. An aspect of a bone from 
 the trunk, or towards the extremity. — Barclay. 
 
 DISTExMPER, Disease. 
 
 DISTEMPERANTIA, Dyscrasia. 
 
 DISTENSIO, Diatasis, Tension, Tetanus — d. 
 : Nervorum, Convulsion. 
 
 BISTENSWN BE LA VESWULE BU 
 FIEL, Turgescentia vesicae felleae. 
 
 DISTICHI'ASIS, Bistich'ia, Bistrich'ia, Bis- 
 trichi'asis, Bistoe'chia, Bistcechi'asis, from ii^, 
 ' double,' and cttixo;, 'a row.' An increased num- 
 ber of eyelashes ; some turned towards the eye, 
 and irritating the organ ; whilst others preserve 
 their natural direction. — Galen, Paulus of ^gina. 
 See Entropion. 
 
 DISTILLATIO UTERI, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 DlSTILLA'TIO'N,BeatiUa'tio,Stalag'mo8,{iom 
 
 destillare, (de, and stillare,) 'to drop, little by lit- 
 tle.' Cataitalar/'mos. An operation, bj' which — by 
 the aid of heat and in close vessels— the volatile are 
 separated from the fixed parts of bodies, with the 
 view of collecting the former, when condensed in 
 appropriate receivers. The ancients distinguished 
 distillation per latus, j)er ascen'sum, and per de- 
 scen'sum, according to the direction which the 
 volatilized matters were made to take. In dia- 
 tillation per latiis, the apparatus is so arranged, 
 that the vapour passes horizontally through a 
 succession of spaces before reaching the receiver. 
 BisfillatioH 2ier asceiisum is the ordinary method 
 by the still. In distillation per descensum, the fire 
 is applied above and around the top of the appa- 
 ratus; and it is so arranged that the vapour 
 must pass downwards. When dry organic matter 
 is placed in an apparatus for distillation, axid heat 
 is applied until all volatile matter is driven out, 
 the process is called dry or destructive distillation. 
 
 Distillation, Destructive, see Distillation — 
 d. Dry, see Distillation — d. Per Ascensum, see 
 Distillation — d. Per Doscensum, see Distillation — 
 d. Per Latus, see Distillation. 
 
 DISTOCIA, Bitoc'ia, from <5(j, 'twice,' and 
 TOKOS, ' birth.' Delivery of twins. 
 
 DISTCECIIIA, Distiohiasis. 
 
 DIST(ECHIASIS, Distiehiasis. 
 
 DIS'TOMA HEPAT'ICUM, from hs, and 
 (TTOfxa, 'mouth.' Fasci'ola hepat'ica, Plana'ria 
 latius'citla, Fasciola huma'na, F. lanceola'ta. 
 Gourd-worm, Fluke, Liver Fluke, (F.) Douvt, 
 B. du Foie. An obovate, flat worm, an inch in 
 length, and nearly an inch broad; sometimes 
 found in the gall-laladder of man, whence it oc- 
 casionally passes into the intestinal canal. It is 
 one of the most common varieties of worms, in- 
 festing the livers of the sheep, goat, ox, stag, 
 fallow-deer, horse, ass, hog, hare, &c. The treat- 
 ment is like that required for other worms. 
 
 DisTOMA Oc'uLi Huma'ni. A parasite once 
 observed in the eye of a child who had suffered 
 from lenticular cataract. — Gescheidt. 
 
 DISTORSIO, Distortion, Sprain, Strabismus 
 — d. Oris, Canine laugh. 
 
 DISTOR'TION, Bistor'sio, Infor'sio, from dis- 
 torquere, (dis, and torquere,) 'to wrest aside.' 
 Biastrem'ma, Bias'trophe, Ligys'ma, (F.) Bistor- 
 sion. Usually applied to the preternatural cur- 
 vature of a bone ; as distortion of the spiue, limhs, 
 &c. It signifies, also, a morbid state of the 
 muscles of the eye, constituting squinting or stra- 
 bismus. 
 
 DISTORTOR ORIS, Zygomaticus major. 
 
 DISTRIBUTORIA LACTEA THORACICA, 
 Thoracic duct. 
 
 DISTRICHIA, Distiehiasis. 
 
 DISTRICHIASIS, Distiehiasis. 
 
 DISTRIX, from (5(f, 'double,' and ^p(|, 'the 
 hair.' Trichio'sis distrix, Fissu'ra capillo'mm. 
 Hairs of the scalp, weak, slender, and sijlitting at 
 their extremities. 
 
 DITOCIA, Distocia. 
 
 DITRACHYCERAS, from h?, 'two,' rpaxv;, 
 'rough,' and /cfp«f, 'horn.' A genus of intestinal 
 worms. The Bitrachyc'eras rudis, Bic'eras rude, 
 (F.) Bicorne rude. This entozoon was first ob- 
 served in the evacuations of a female, by M. Sul- 
 zer of Strasburg. It is of a fawn colour, from 3 
 to 5 lines in length, with an oval head, flattened 
 and terminating in a point posteriorly; contained 
 in a membranous sac, and furnished, anteriorly, 
 with a bifurcated, rugous horn. Laennec consi- 
 ders it a vesicular worm or hydatid. See Worms. 
 
 DITTANDER, Lepidium :=ativum. 
 
 DITTANY, Cunila Mariana — d. American, 
 Cunila Mariana — d. Bastard, Dictammis albus- 
 
DITTECOIA 
 
 300 
 
 DODECAPHARMACUM 
 
 i. cf Crete, Origanum dictamnus — d. Mountain, 
 Cunila Mariana. 
 
 DITTECOIA, Double hearing. 
 
 DITTOPIA, Diplopia. 
 
 DITTOPSIA, Diplopia. 
 
 DIURESI^STHE 'SIS, DiureticocEsthe'sie, 
 TJresicBsthe'sis ; from biovpuv, 'to pass the urine,' 
 and aia9ri(Tt;, 'feeling.' The desire or want to 
 pass the urine. 
 
 DIURE'SIS, from Sta, ' through or by,' and 
 ovpcu3, 'I pass the urine.' An abundant excretion 
 of urine. 
 
 DIURET'IC, Diuret'icm, lechuret'ie, same 
 etymon ; Uret'icus, Urina'Us. A medicine which 
 has the property of increasing the secretion of 
 urine. Diuretics act by producing a discharge 
 of the watery and other parts of the blood ; and, 
 by such discharge, indirectly promote absorption 
 over the whole system. Hence, they are em- 
 ployed in dropsy. The following are the chief 
 Diuretics: — Cantharis; Cantharis Vittata; Po- 
 tasste Acetas ; Potassaj Liquor ; Cahinca ; Col- 
 chici Radix; Colchici Semen; Digitalis; Diosma 
 Crenata ; Juniperus ; Oleum Terebinthinse ; Po- 
 tassse Nitras ; Potassse Bitartras ; Scilla; Soda3 
 Sales, and Spiritus Jiltheris Nitrici. 
 
 DIURETICA, Arnica Montana. 
 
 DIURETICO-iESTIIESIS, Diuresiffisthesis. 
 
 DIVARICATIO, Ectropion. 
 
 DIVERSORIUM CHYLI,Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 DIVERTICULA SPIRITUUM ANIMA- 
 LIUM, Ganglions, nervous. 
 
 DIVERTICULUM, Devertic'uhm. 'A turn- 
 ing;' from divertere, [di, and vertere,) 'to turn 
 aside.' A blind tube branching out from the 
 course of a longer one. An organ which is capa- 
 ble of receiving an unusual quantity of blood, 
 when the circulation is obstructed or modified 
 elsewhere, is said to act as a diverticulum. Also, 
 a malformation or diseased appearance of a part, 
 in which it passes out of its regular course. It 
 is sometimes applied to such a condition of the 
 alimentary canal. Also, a hole to get out at. A 
 by-passage. See Ectrope. 
 
 DivERTic'uLUM Nuc'kii. The opening through 
 which the round ligaments of the uterus pass. — 
 Parr. 
 
 Divehtictjltjm • Pharyngis, Pharyngocele. 
 
 DIVI'DINGr, Biv'idena, from di or die, and 
 the Hetrusean verb iduo, ' to part or portion.' 
 That which divides or separates. 
 
 Dividing Bandage, Fas'cia div'idens, (F.) 
 Bandage divisif, is a bandage employed for the 
 purpose of keeping parts separated from each 
 other. It is used particularly to prevent impro- 
 per union ; as ia cases of burns of the neck or 
 other parts. 
 
 DIVINATIO, Mantia. 
 
 DIVISION, Bivis'io, Bice' rests. The acciden- 
 tal feeparation of parts naturally united ; in other 
 wolds, a wound or solution of continuity. Most 
 frequently, however, it means an operation, which 
 consists in cutting certain parts, with the view of 
 fulfilling some therapeutical indication. 
 
 DIVUL'SIO, Dias'^yasis, from divellere, {die, 
 and vellere,) 'to pull asunder.' A term used in 
 Surgery, to express the rupture or laceration of 
 organs by external violence. 
 
 DivuLSio URIN.E, Cloudiness of urine. — See 
 Enseoreraa 
 
 DIXON'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilulae 
 antibiliosae. 
 
 DIYLISIS, Colatio. 
 
 DIYLISMUS, Colatio. 
 
 DIZZINESS, VertiRO. 
 
 DOCCIONE, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 spring is at Lucca, in Italy. It is a thermal saline. 
 
 DOCH'ME, Soxp"i- A measure of the Greeks, 
 equal to about four fingers' breadth : Dactylo- 
 doch'me, 
 
 DOCIMA'SIA, Doeimas'tice, Docimasiolor/"{a, 
 from SoKtim^d), ' I try or prove the quality of any 
 thing.' The act of assaying. 
 
 DocnrA'siA MEDiCAMENTo'Rrir et Vexeno'- 
 RUM. The testing of medicines and poisons. 
 
 Docima'sia PuLMo'.N'uir, D. Pulmona'lis, Fnc- 
 obiomanti'a, Pneiiobiomanti'a, Pneohiommi'tica. 
 Lunfi proof, Eespi ration proof. Different proofs 
 to which the organs of respiration of a new-born 
 child are subjected, for the purpose of detecting 
 whether it has or has not respired after birth ; in 
 other words, whether it was born alive or dead; 
 — Ptieusiobiof/no'sis, Pnexisiobios'cojje. These 
 consist, chiefly, 1. In testing them with water, 
 for the purpose of seeing whether the lungs are 
 specifically heavier or lighter than that fluid. 
 This is called JJocimasia PidmonuM Jnjdrontat' ica 
 or the Hydrostatic Test. If lighter, it would bo 
 some evidence that the foetus had respired : 2. 
 In comparing the weight of the lungs with that 
 of the whole body ; the weight of lungs in which 
 respiration has taken place being nearly twice as 
 great. This is Docima'sia Pulmo'nvm Stat'ica, 
 or Ploucquet's Test ; and, 3. By measuring the 
 circumference of the thorax and lungs ; and com- 
 paring their dimensions with those of an infant 
 which has not respired. This is Daniel's Test. 
 These tests, singly, afford only probable evi- 
 dence ; but when united, the deductions may be 
 more conclusive. 
 
 DOCIMASIOLOGIA, Docimasia. 
 
 DOCK, BLOODY, Rumex sanguineus — d. 
 Blunt-leaved, Rumex obtusifolius — d. Cresses, 
 Lapsana — d. Sour, Rumex acetosa — d. Sour, bo- 
 real, Oxyria reniformis — d. Water, Rumex hydro- 
 lapathum — d. Wild, sharp-pointed, Rumex acutus. 
 
 DOCNA SURA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This spring is in the Krapach mountains. The 
 water contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of 
 soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate of lime, silica, 
 and iron. 
 
 DOCTOR, 3Ted'icua, from doctus, 'learned;' 
 ' un homme qui devrait etre docte.' A Physician. 
 Frequently applied to any one who practises me- 
 dicine ; although properly confined to him who 
 has received his degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 DOCTRINA GALLIANA, Craniology— d. So- 
 teria, Medicina. 
 
 DOCTRINE, MED'ICAL, Docfri'na Ifed'ica. 
 The principles or positions of any medical sect 
 or master. Medicine has been too full of doc- 
 trines. One of the first was that of Herodicus 
 of Selivraja, who recommended gymnastic exor- 
 cises in disease. The chief founders of doctrines 
 have been Hippocrates, Serapion of Alexandria, 
 Philinus of Cos, Ilerophilus, Asclcpiades, The- 
 mison of Laodicea, Thessahis of Trallcs. Soranus 
 of Ephesus, Leonides of Alexandria, Athenfcus 
 of Attalia, Archigenes of Apamxa, Atratbinus of 
 Sparta, Galenus, Paracelsus, John Bnptist van 
 Helmont, Sylvius de Ic Boe, Keill, Hamberger, 
 Pitcairne, IT. Boerhaave, J. E. Stahl, Frederick 
 Hoffmann, George Baglivi, Cullen, Darwin, John 
 Brown, Beddoes, Girtanner, Reil, Rush, Rasori, 
 and Broussais. 
 
 Doctrine, Physiological, Broussaism. 
 
 DODDER, Cuscuta glomerata — d. American, 
 Cuscuta glomerata — d. of Thyme, Cuscuta epi- 
 thymuin. 
 
 DODECADACTYLITIS, Duodenitis. 
 
 DODECADACTYLON, Duodenum. 
 
 DODECAPHAR'MACUM, from ioSixa, 
 'twelve,' and (papftaKov, 'a medicine.' An an- 
 cient name given to all medicines which oon- 
 
DODECATHEON 
 
 301 
 
 DORONICUM 
 
 alsted of twelve ingredients. See Apostolorum 
 Unguentum. 
 
 DODECATH'EON, from im'isKfi, 'twelve,' and 
 Tt^n^h ' I put-' An antidote, consisting of twelve 
 simple substances. — Paulus of ^gina. 
 
 DoDECATHEOK, Sanicula— d. Plinii, Pinguicola 
 vulgaris. 
 
 DODON^A, Myrica gale. 
 DoDONiE'A Thunbergia'na. A shrub of the 
 Nat. Orel. Sapindacete, which grows at the Cape 
 of Good Hope. A decoction of the root is used 
 as a gentle cathartic in fever. 
 DODRAMS, Spithama. 
 DOGCHOAK, Cynanche. 
 
 DOGDAYS, (F.) Jours Canicnlaires. During 
 these days, comprised between the 24th of July 
 and the 23d of August, the temperature of the 
 air in Europe is generally high and oppressive. 
 They have received this name from the dogstar, 
 Canie'ula, Sfipio?, Si'rius — n very brilliant star 
 in the constellation of the great dog, which rises 
 and sets, at this time, with the sun. It was for- 
 merly believed to be a period particularly unpro- 
 jntious to health ; that it was dangerous to purge 
 during it; and other phantasies were indulged in 
 regard to it. 
 
 DOGGRASS, Triticum repens. 
 DOGMAT'IC, from the Greek Soyiia, from 
 SoKco), ' I think.' Dogmat'icus. The name of an 
 ancient medical sect; so called, because its mem- 
 bers endeavoured, by reasoning, to discover the 
 essence of diseases and their occult causes; whilst 
 the Empirics, their rivals, confined themselves 
 strictly to experience ; i. e., to the observation 
 of facts. The union of the two modes of inves- 
 tigation makes the rational physician. These 
 sectarians are likewise called Dog'matists, and 
 their doctrine Dog'matism. The founders of the 
 sect were Hippocrates, Thessalus, Draco, and 
 Polybius ; and the most celebrated of its support- 
 ers were Diodes of Carysta, Praxagoras of Cos, 
 Chrysippus of Soli, Herophilus, Erasistratus, &c. 
 DOGS' BANE, Apocynum androsasmifolium — 
 d. Bane, bitter, Apocynum androsa?mifolium. 
 DOGS' GRASS, Triticum repens. 
 DOGS' STONES, Orchis mascula. 
 DOGSTAR, Canicula. 
 DOGTREE, Cornus Florida. 
 DOGWOOD, Cornus Florida— d. Blueberried, 
 Cornus sericea — d. Female, Cornus sericea — d. 
 Florid, Cornus Florida — d. Great flowered, Cornus 
 Florida — d. Jamaica, Piscidia erythrina — d. New 
 England, Cornus sericea — d. Pond, Cephalanthus 
 occidentalis — d. Silky-leaved, Cornus sericea — 
 d. Virginian, male, Cornus Florida — d. Round- 
 leaved, Cornus oircinata — d. Swamp, Cornus se- 
 ricea, Ptelea trifoliata. 
 
 DOIGT, Digitus — c?. Auriculatre, Auricular 
 finger — d. Milieu, see Digitus — d. Petit, see Di- 
 gitus. 
 
 DOIGT FER, Digital e, Digitalis — 1£. d'Asdru- 
 haU, see Digitale. 
 . DOLABRA, Ascia, Doloire. 
 
 DOLICHOCEPH'AL^ (GENTES): from 5o- 
 >t;(;os, 'long,' and Kic^aXn, 'head.' Longheads. 
 Nations of men whose cerebral lobes completely 
 cover the cerebellum — as the Kelts, Germans, 
 negroes, Ac. — Retzius. 
 
 DOL'ICHOS, from (5oX(;tof, 'long.' A genus 
 of plants of the leguminous family. It includes 
 a number of species, generally indigenous in 
 India or America. Tlie Dol'ichos Lahlnh, or 
 LaUah, is found in Egypt. (Prospero Alpini.) 
 Its fruit is eaten there, like the haricot with us. 
 The Dol'ichos Sinen'sis, is eaten in China, and is 
 stored up as a provision for long voyages. The 
 Dol'ichos Tuhero'sus, (F.) Pols Patate of Mar- 
 
 tinique, has tuberous roots of the size of both 
 fists, and has the consistence and taste of tha 
 turnip. The Dol'ichos Bidho'sus of the West In- 
 dies resembles the turnip; — and from the Dol'i- 
 chos Soja, the Japanese prepare the well-known 
 sauce Soy, which they term Sooja. The most 
 important in medicine, is the 
 
 Dol'ichos Pru'riens, Dol'ichos, Stizolo'hiuw., 
 3Iucu'na pru'riens, Negre'tia pru'riens, Cowhage, 
 Cowitch, Adsaria Pala. Order, Leguminosfe. 
 (F.) Pais d gratter. The stiff hairs of the Doli- 
 chos Pods, called Dolichos Pules, D. Prurien'tis 
 pubes, Dolichi Seta Legu'minum, Lanu'go Sil'i- 
 qucB hirsu'tcB, Miicu'va, (Ph. U. S.,) are the parts 
 used in medicine. They excite an intolerable, 
 prurient sensation when applied to the skin ; but 
 do not irritate the mucous membrane over which 
 they pass, when administered internally. The 
 Dolichos is a mechanical anthelmintic, and is 
 useful in cases of ascarides lumbricoides, and 
 oxyures vermiculares. Dose, gr. v to s, of the 
 pubes, in molasses. 
 
 3fiicti'na pi-uri'ta, a distinct species, but pos- 
 sessing similar properties, grows in the East 
 Indies. 
 
 DOLOIRE (F.), As'cia, Dola'hra, 'a carpen- 
 ter's axe.' A Bandage en doloire is one in which 
 the turns are so placed, that each one covers two- 
 thirds of that which is immediately beneath it. 
 It has received the name Doloire from its repre- 
 senting the obliquity of the edge of the instrument 
 whose name it bears. See Bandage. 
 
 DOLOR, Pain — d. Ani, Proctalgia — d. Capitis, 
 Cephalalgia — d. Cephalicus, Cephalalgia — d. Co- 
 licus. Colic — d. Crucians faciei. Neuralgia, facial 
 — d. Dentium, Odontalgia — d. Dentium a stridore, 
 Hsemodia — d. Faciei, Neuralgia, facial — d. Ischi- 
 adicus nervosus. Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea — d. 
 Lenis, Hypodynia — d. Mitis, Hypodynia — d. Ne- 
 phreticus, Nephralgia — d. Pectoris externus, Pleu- 
 rodj'nia — d. Pudendorum, Pudendagra — d. Rheu- 
 maticus et arthriticus. Rheumatism. 
 
 DOLORES AD PARTUM, Pains, labour— d. 
 Intestinorum, Colic — d. Parturientis, Pains, L't- 
 bour — d. Post partum. Pains, after — d. Puerpera- 
 rum, Pains, after — d. Rodentes, Pains, gnawing. 
 DOMBEY'A EXCEL'SA, Araitca'ria Dom- 
 hey'i. A tree, which inhabits Chili, and furnishes 
 Dowheya turpientine ; a glutinous, milky-looking 
 fluid of a strong odour and taste. 
 
 DOMES'TIC, Domes'ticus, from domvs, 'a 
 house.' The term Domestic or Pop'nlar Med'i- 
 cine, has been given to treatises written for the 
 purpose of enabling those who are not of the pro- 
 fession to treat diseases, which may occur in their 
 families, without the necessity of calling in a 
 physician. The term, likewise, signifies — Medi- 
 cine, when thus practised. It is probable, that 
 such works have been attended with mischievous 
 as well as advantageous results. 
 
 DOMINA'RUM AQUA. A medicine described 
 by Myrepsus, which he considered emmenagogue. 
 DOMPTE-VENIN, Asclepias vincetoxieum. 
 DOMUS LEPROSARIA, Ladrerie. 
 DONDO. Albino. 
 DONESIS. Agitation. 
 DORADILLA, Asplenium ceterach. 
 DORCADIZON, Caprizans. 
 DOREA, Hemeralops. 
 
 DOREMA AMMONIACUM, see Ammoniac, 
 Gum. 
 DORMITATIO, Somnolency. 
 DORMITIO, Sleep — d. Lucumoriana, see Lu- 
 cumorianus. 
 
 DORONIC, Doronicum pardalianches — <L 
 d'Allemaqne, Arnica raontana. 
 DORONICUM ARNICA, Arnica montana— it 
 
DORSAD 
 
 302 
 
 DOUCHE 
 
 Cordatum, D. Pardalianches — d. Germanicum, 
 Arnica montana — d. Officinale, D. Pardalianches 
 — d. Oppositifolium, Arnica montana. 
 
 DoRON'icmf Pardalian'ches, D. Jioma'mnn 
 seu Corda'tuni seu Officinale, Roman Leop' ard' h 
 Bane, (F.) Doronic, Mart axix Pantli^res. The 
 root of this plant resembles Arnica Montana in 
 its properties. 
 
 DORONICUM ROMANUM, D. Pardalianches. 
 
 DORSAD, see Dorsal Aspect. 
 
 DORSAL, Dorsa'lis, from dorsum, 'the back.' 
 Notics'us, Natal, Tergal. Relating to the back 
 of the body, or of one of its parts ; as the Dorsal 
 vertebrcB, nerves, <fcc. ; Dorsal artery of the tongue, 
 penis, &c. ; Dorsal region of the foot, hand, &c. ; 
 Dorsal Consumption, &o. 
 
 Dorsal Aspect. An aspect towards the dor- 
 Kum or backbone. — Barclay. Dorsad is used by 
 the same writer adverbially, to signify ' towards 
 the dorsal aspect.' 
 
 DORSAL, LONG, Longissimus dorsi. 
 
 DORSALIS, Dorsal. 
 
 Dorsa'lis Penis, (Nervus.) The branch of 
 the internal pudic nerve, which is distributed to 
 the upper part of the male organ; and to the 
 clitoris of the female. 
 
 DORSO-COSTAL, Serratus posticus superior 
 — d. Lombo-costal, Serratus posticus inferior — d. 
 Lonibo-sacro-humeral, Latissimus dorsi — d. Sus- 
 acrornien. Trapezius — d, Trachelon - occipital, 
 Complesus. 
 
 DORSTENIA BRASILIENSIS, Caa-apia. 
 
 DoRSTENiA Contrayer'ta, Called after Dr. 
 Dorsten ; Contrayer'va, Dralce'na, Cype'rus lon- 
 gtis, o'dorus seu Perua'nus, Bezoar'dica Radix, 
 Dorste' -ia Housto'nii, Lisbon Contrayer'va, (F.) 
 Racine de Charcis, R. de Dracke, Racine des 
 Philippines. Family, Urtice^. Sex. Syst. Te- 
 trandria Monogynia. A plant of South America, 
 whose root, Contrayer'va (Ph. U. S.), is aromatic, 
 bitter, and astringent. It has been given as a 
 tonic, stimulant and sudorific. Dose, gr. xij 
 to ^ss. 
 
 Dorstenia Cordipolia, D. Brasiliensis — d. 
 Plaeentoides, D. Brasiliensis — d. Vitella, D. Bra- 
 siliensis. 
 
 DORSUM, Notos, Noton. The back. Metaph'- 
 renon, Tergmn, (F.) Dos. The posterior part of 
 the trunk, extending from the inferior and poste- 
 rior region of the neck as far as the loins. The 
 hack of the foot, Dorsum pedis, is the upper part 
 of that organ, opposite the sole : the back of the 
 hand. Dorsum manus, the part opposed to the 
 palm. In the same sense, we say Dorsum penis, 
 Dorsum nasi, for the upper part of those organs. 
 
 DoRSUii, Vertebral column — d. Mands, Opis- 
 thenar. 
 
 DORYCIMUM, Costus creticus. 
 
 DOS, Dorsum. 
 
 DOSE, Dosis, Prm'bium. The quantity of any 
 substance, which ought to form part of a com- 
 pound medicine, or ought to be exhibited singly, 
 to produce a desired effect. Many circumstances 
 influence the doses of medicine. Women require 
 Bmaller doses, as a general principle, than men. 
 Habit has a great effect, as well as climate, age, and 
 idiosyncrasy : all these, and other circumstances, 
 must be taken into account; and every general 
 rule on the subject will be found to have numer- 
 ous exceptions. Some of the mechanical physi- 
 (uans laid it down as a rule, that the doses of 
 luedicines must always be as the square of the 
 L'/nstitution ! — A matter not easy of calculation. 
 
 The following Tables will exhibit an approxi- 
 mation to the proper doses (according to age) of 
 most substances 
 
 Table of Doses according to Age. 
 
 Age 24 
 18 
 J4 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 Let the full dose be 
 will require 
 
 ] 
 
 2-3dg. 
 
 half. 
 
 ]-3d. 
 
 l-4th. 
 
 Ititb. 
 
 ]-8th. 
 
 l-12th. 
 
 1 drachm. 
 
 2 scruples. 
 5 drachiU. 
 1 scruple. 
 
 ]5 grniiis. 
 10 grains. 
 
 8 grains. 
 
 5 grains. 
 
 The table of doses, according to age, recommen- 
 ded by Dr. Thomas Young, differs in some respects 
 from the above. Either affords a sufficient gene- 
 ral approximation. His rule is, that 
 
 For children, under twelve years of age, the 
 doses of most medicines must be diminished in 
 the proportion of the age to the age increased by 
 twelve : 
 
 2 
 
 Thus, at two years, to l-7th ; i. e., l-7th = 
 
 •^ ' ' 2+12 
 
 At twenty-one the full dose ia given. 
 
 Doses, Broken. When an agent is given in 
 small portions it is said to be in broken dosca, — 
 refractis dosibus. 
 
 DOSIOLOGIA, Posology. 
 
 DOSIS, Dose. 
 
 DOSSIL, Bourdonnet. 
 
 DOTAGE, Dementia. -J 
 
 DOTHIEN, Furunculus. 1 
 
 DOTHIBNENTERIA, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 DOTHIENENTERIE, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 DOTHINENTERIA, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 DOTHIENTERI'TIS, properly Z»o?/tmif?)feW'. 
 tis, Dothienenter'ia, Dothinenter'ia, Enteri'tis piis- 
 tulo'sa, Enterodothie'nia, Helcenteri'tis, Foliiv'- 
 ular Gastroenteri'tis, from SoSirjv, 'a pustule,' 
 and cvTcpov, 'intestine.' (F.) Dothinenterife, Do- 
 thinente.rie,Dothienenterie,Dothienenterite. An in- 
 flammation and ulceration of the glands or folli- 
 cles of Peyer and Brunner, which Bretonneau 
 considers to be the essence of a large class uf 
 fevers, particularly of those of the typhoid cha- 
 racter. See Typhus. 
 
 DOTHION, Furunculus. 
 
 DOTTRINA MEDICA ITALIANA, Contro- 
 stimulus, (doctrine of.) 
 
 DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS, see Conscious- 
 ness, double. 
 
 DOUBLE-HEARING, Dipleco'ia, Dittcco'ia, 
 Paracti'sis duplica'ta, P. Imperfec'ta. The ac- 
 tion of the one ear unaccordant with that of 
 the other: sounds heard doubly, and in different 
 tones or keys. 
 
 DOUBLE-MONSTERS, see Duplication. 
 
 DOUCE AMERE, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 DOUCHE, (F.) In Italian, doccia ; modern 
 Latin, ducia ; Cataclys'mvs, Douse. This term 
 is applied to a column of fluid, of a determi- 
 nate nature and temperature, let fall upon 
 the body. Pumping is a variety of the Douche. 
 In using this kind of bath, the fluid is directed 
 upon the part on which we are desirous of acting. 
 The douches desccndantes are those in which tli€ 
 fluid falls from a height, — the douches ascendau- 
 tes, those administered in diseases of the uterus, 
 — the dotiches horizonfales, where the fluid is im- 
 pelled horizontally, &o. They may be cold or 
 warm, according to circumstances. The ajipa- 
 ratus consists of a reservoir of water haviiig a 
 pipe or plug, by means of which the water can bo 
 directed as the practitioner may desire. The 
 Douche communicates a considerable and peculiar 
 shock to the nervous system; and is one of the 
 most successful means for taming the furioua 
 
BOULEUR 
 
 803 
 
 DRIBURG 
 
 maniac. It is, also, useful in chronic rheumatism, 
 6ti£f joints, &a. 
 
 Douch''s of air are, also, occasionally used, as 
 in cases of obstruction of the Eustachian tube by 
 mucus. They are sent from an air-press — of 
 ■which Deleau and Kramer have invented one 
 each — through a catheter introduced through the 
 nose into the tube. 
 
 I)OULEUR, Pain— (7. de Cote, Pleurodyniar— 
 d. des Dents, Odontalgia — d. de I'Estomac, Cardial- 
 gia — d. Nevralcfique de I'Estomac, Cardialgia — d. 
 Pulsntire, see Throbbing. 
 
 BOULEUBS, Pains, labour — d. Conquassantes, 
 see Conquassant. 
 
 DOUSE, Bouche. 
 
 BOUVE, Distoma hepaticum — d. rfu Foie, 
 Distoma hepaticum — d. Petite, Ranunculus flam- 
 mula. 
 
 DRACHION, Pugillus. 
 
 DRACHM, Brachma, Bram, (P.) Gros. The 
 ancient name of a piece of money, Tveighing the 
 eighth part of an ounce. At the present day it 
 is used for this weight. 
 
 DRACO MITIGATUS, Hydrargyri submurias 
 — d. Sylvestris, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 DRACOCEPH'ALUM CANARIEN'SE, 
 B. Ifoldav'ienm, ilelis'sa Tur'cica, Cedronel'la 
 triphyl'la, Melis'aa Oanariensis, Alpi'iii Bal'sa- 
 muin, Turkey Balsam, Cana'ry Balsam, Balm of 
 Gil'ead Tree, (F.) Melisse de Moldavie. A Turkish 
 and Siberian plant, which has an aromatic taste, 
 Joined with an agreeable flavour. It has been 
 used as a tonic. 
 
 DRACONTHyEMA, see Calamus rotang. 
 
 DRACONTIUM, Dracunculus. See, also, Dra- 
 eontium foetidum. 
 
 Draco^t'tium PfE'TlDUM, Bracon'ti'tim, Icto'des 
 foe'tidus, Symplocar'pus fae'tida, Pothos foe'tida, 
 Arum America'mim befcB fo'lio, Pothos Puto'rii, 
 Spathye' ma foe'tida, Skunk-cabbage, Skunk-weed, 
 Poleeat-coUard, Goio-collurd, Collard, Itch-weed, 
 Stink-poke, Sioamp-eabbatje, Pole' cat-weed, HeV - 
 lebore, El'lehore, Irish cabbage. Nat. Ord. Aroi- 
 dese. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. This 
 indigenous jjlant, as some of its names import, is 
 extremely fetid. The property on which its me- 
 dical virtues are dependent, resides in a volatile 
 principle, which is impaired by long keeping, 
 especially in powder. Dose, of the dried root, 
 Bracontium, (Ph. U. S.,) ten to twenty grains. It 
 resembles asafoetida and other fetid gums in its 
 properties ; in other words, belongs to the class 
 of reputed antispasmodics. 
 
 Dracontium Angustis'patha, Symplocnr'puB 
 Anqustis'patha, Narroio-spathed Skunk-cabbage, 
 is possessed of similar properties. 
 
 DRACUN'CULUS, Bracon'tinm, Vena Medi'- 
 na Ar'abum, Vena seu Gor'dius Medinen'sis, Ver- 
 mic'ulus Gapilla' ris, Bracun' cuius Gordius, Fila'- 
 ria Iledinen'sis seu Guineen'ms, Malis Bracun' - 
 eulus, Malis Gor'dii, Helminthon'cns Medinensia, 
 Jfuscular Hairworm-, Bichioe, Bicho, Guinea 
 Worm or Threadworm, (F.) Bragonnean, Ver de 
 Guinie, Ver Filaire, V. de Medine, V. cutane, 
 Veine de Ifedine. A genus of worms, frequently 
 met with in Indian and African climes. They 
 are characterized by a filiform body, and are 
 smooth and nearly of equal thickness throughout. 
 The Guinea worm, when small, insinuates itself 
 through the cutaneous pores, and penetrates into 
 the areolar membrane and between the muscles; 
 especially between those of the lower limbs, where 
 it occasions a tumour like a boil, which subse- 
 quently suppurates, and the head of the worm 
 appears and emerges gradually. The head must 
 then be seized, and the worm be cautiously rolled 
 round a small cylinder of linen or other sub- 
 stance. Care must be taken not to break it, as 
 
 great pain and obstinate suppuration might be 
 the consequence. 
 
 Considerable obscurity rests on this subject. 
 Some even deny that the cases of Dracunculus, 
 on record, are really those of worms. 
 
 Dracunculus Polyphyllus, Arum dracuncu- 
 lus — d. Pratensis, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 BRAGEES, (F.) Almonds or dried preserves, 
 covered with white sugar; Sugar -2:)lums. 
 
 BRAGEES BE KEYSER. A pharmaceuti- 
 cal preparation, formerly much celebrated in 
 syphilis. It was composed of acetate of mercury, 
 manna, starch, mucilage and gum tragaoanth. 
 
 DRAGMA, Pugillus. 
 
 DRAGMIS, Pugillus. 
 
 BRAGON (F.), Bragon. Some authors have 
 given this name to opake spots on the cornea,, 
 and to cataract. 
 
 Dragon Claw, Scaly, Pterospora andromedca 
 — d. Root, Arum triphyllum, Pterospora andro- 
 medca — d. Turnip, Arum triphyllum. 
 
 DRAGON'S BLOOD, see Calamus rotang. 
 
 BRAGONNEAU, Dracunculus. 
 
 DRAINING, Besicca'tio, (F.) Bessechcmcnt, 
 The act of drawing off the water from marshes, 
 for the purpose of destroying the unhealthy ema- 
 nations which proceed from them. It is a well 
 known fact, that from marshes arise certain ema- 
 nations or miasmata, with the nature of which 
 we are, however, totally unacquainted, but which 
 are the fertile source of intcrmittents and other 
 diseases. Draining the soil and converting it 
 into arable land changes its character, and the 
 malaria ceases to be given off. It has happenexi, 
 however, that although in some such situations 
 intcrmittents have been got rid of, consumptions 
 have tAken their place. 
 
 DRAITSCH WATER, Godesberg, mineral 
 waters of. 
 
 DRAKENA, Dorstenia contrayerva. 
 
 BRAPEA U, (P.) Vexil'lum, from drap, ' cloth.' 
 A bandage, used in wounds, Ac, of the nose, to 
 keep the dressings in situ. It is composed of a 
 small triangular compress, having two openings 
 at its inferior part, corresponding to those of the 
 nostrils. It is fixed by means of a bandage, 
 passing from its superior angle over the head, 
 and another passing round the head, under the 
 orbits, so as to join the first at the nape of the 
 neck. Also, Pterygion. 
 
 BRAP FANON, see Fanon. 
 
 DRASTIC, Bras'ticns, Cenot'ic, from Spaia, '1 
 operate strongly.' Active. An epithet given to 
 purgatives, which operate powerfully; as elate- 
 rium, oil of croton, &0. 
 
 DRAUGHT, Haustvs. A term also applied 
 by nurses to the sudden rush of blood to the 
 mammas, occasioned in the mother by the sight, 
 or even thought, of her infant, and which occa- 
 sions a greatly increased secretion of milk. 
 
 Draught, Black, see Infusum sennae compo- 
 situm. 
 
 DRAX, Pugillus. 
 
 DREAM, Somnium — d."Waking,Hallucination. 
 
 BRECHE, Malt. 
 
 DREGS, Feculence. 
 
 DREPANOIDES, Falciform. 
 
 DRESS, Vestitus. 
 
 DRESSER, from (F.) dresser, 'to put right.' 
 An hospital assistant, whose oflice it is to dress 
 wounds, ulcers, &c. He corresponds in fuucti'jn 
 to the Eleve externe of the French hospitals. 
 
 DRESSING, Cura, Cura'tio, (F.) Patisement. 
 The methodical application of any remedy or ap- 
 paratus to a diseased part. Also, the remedy Oi 
 apparatus itself. 
 
 DRIBURG, MINERAL "WATERS OF. Al 
 
DRIJIYPHAGIA 
 
 304 
 
 DUALITY 
 
 the small town of Driburg, near Pyrmont, in 
 Germany, there are nine springs, which are rich 
 in saline ingredients, iron, and carbonic acid gas. 
 Their action on the economy is like that of Pyr- 
 mont water. They contain chloride of sodium, 
 Eulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate 
 of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron, 
 chloride of calcium, and chloride of magnesium. 
 DRIMYPHA'GIA, from ipt/ius, 'acrid,' 'aro- 
 matic,' and (payoi, ' I eat.' An aromatic and ex- 
 citing diet. 
 DRTMYS WIXTERT, TTintera aromatica. 
 DRINK, from Sax. bjiencnn, Poma,Po'tio,Potns, 
 Tiec'erar/e, (F.) Boieson. Every liquid introduced 
 into the alimentary canal for the purpose of re- 
 pairing the loss of the fluid parts of the body. 
 The necessity for its use is indicated by the sen- 
 sation of thirst. Fluid, taken during a meal, aids 
 in the digestion of the food. Some drinks are 
 t'xciting and tonic, as the different varieties of 
 beer, wine, and spirits, which we use at table. 
 In a therapeutical point of view, drinks are used 
 to appease the thirst which prevails in febrile 
 affections, or to act as diluents in those and other 
 cases. 
 
 The ordinary drinks, according to their chemi- 
 cal composition, are — 1. Water, spring water, 
 river water, well water, <&c. — 2. Juices and iiifu- 
 iiuns of Animal and Vegetable sitbstances, lemon 
 juice, currant juice, whey, tea, coffee, mattee, &c. 
 — o. Fermented Liquors, wines, ale, beer, cider, 
 peiTy. — 4. Sjiirituous Liquors, brand}', alcohol, 
 ether, kirschwasser, rum, arack, gin, whiskey, 
 ratafias, cordials, &c. 
 
 DRIVELLING, Slavering. 
 DROGUE, Drug. 
 
 DROGUIER, (F.) Same etymon as drug. 
 A collection of different simple medicinal sub- 
 stances. 
 
 BROGUISTE, Druggist. 
 DROIT DE U ABDOMEN, Rectus abdominis 
 . — d. Anterievr de la cuissc, Rectus femoris — d. 
 Anterieur de la tefe, Rectus capitis internus minor 
 d. Anterieur de la fete, grand, Rectus capitis in- 
 ternus major — ■d.Externe de I'oiil, Rectus exter- 
 nus oculi — d. Inferieur del' ceil. Rectus inferior 
 oouli — d. Interne de la cuisse. Gracilis — d. Interne 
 de Vcfil, Rectus internus oculi — d. Lateral de la 
 tete, Rectus capitis lateralis — d. Posterieur de la 
 tete, grand. Rectus capitis posticus major — ■ d. 
 Posterieur de la tete, petit, Rectus capitis posticus 
 minor — d. Superieur, Rectus superior oculj. 
 DROP, Gutta. 
 
 Drop, Ague, tasteless. Liquor arsenicalis — 
 d. Black, Guttas nigras — d. Red, Ward's, see Vinum 
 antimonii tartarizati — d. Serene, Amaurosis. 
 DROPACISMUS, Depilation. 
 DROPAX, Depilatory. 
 DROPPED HANDS, see Hands, dropped. 
 DROPS, ABBE ROUSSEAU'S, Laudanum 
 Abbatis Rousseau — d. Anodyne, Liquor morphi- 
 ivx acetatis — d. Antiscorbutic, Marsden's, see In- 
 fusum gentianje compositum — d. Anti-venereal, 
 «ee Tinctura ferri muriatis — d. Chamomile, see 
 Authemis nobilis — d. Dutch, Balsam of sulphur, 
 Balsam of lurpentine — d. Fit, Spiritus ammonia; 
 t'etidus, see Fuligo — d. Golden, de la Motte's, 
 Tinctura sen alcohol sulfurico-a;thereus ferri — d. 
 (Jreen's, see Liquor IIydrarg3'ri oxymuriatis — d. 
 .Irfsuit's, Tinctura benzoini composita — d. Laven- 
 •<er, Spiritus LavanduliB compositus — d. Nitre, 
 cipiritus setheris nitrici — d. Norris's, see Antimo- 
 (lium tartarizatum — d. Norton's, Liquor Hydrar- 
 gyri Oxymuriatis — d. Pectoral, Pectoral drops, 
 Batercan's — d. Peppermint, Pastilli de mentha 
 (liperita, — d. Soot, see Fuligo — d. AVade's, Tinc- 
 tura benzoini composita — d. White, Ward's, see 
 llydrargyri nitras. 
 
 Drops, Warburg's. A secret preparation nsed 
 in Demarara under the name of Warhurc/'a Fever 
 Drops. See Bebeeru. 
 
 DROPSICAL, Hydropicus. 
 
 DROPSY, Hydrops— d. of the Belly, A.=eites— 
 d. of the Brain, Hydrocephalus — d. of the Ce'lu- 
 lar Membrane, Anasarca — d. of the Chest, Hy- 
 drothorax — d. of the Eye, Hydrophthalmia. 
 
 Dropsy, Fibrinous. Dropsy in which the 
 effused fluid contains fibrin. 
 
 Dropsy, General, Anasarca — d. of the Head, 
 Hydrocephalus — d. of the Lachrymal Sac, Fistuhi 
 lachrymalis. Lachrymal hernia — d. of the Peri- 
 cardium, Hydropericardium — d. of the Perito- 
 neum, Ascites — d. of the Pleura;, Ilydrothorax 
 — d. Water of. Serum of Serous membranes — d. 
 Wind, Emphysema — d. of the Womb, Hydro- 
 metra. 
 
 DROPWORT, Spirffia filipendula — d. Hem- 
 lock, CEnanthe — d. Water, Hemlock, CEnanthe — 
 d. Western, Gillenia trifoliata. 
 
 DROS'ERA ROTUNDIFO'LIA. The sys- 
 tematic name of the Sundew, Eos solia, Drosio- 
 bot'anon, Dro'sium, Rorel'la, (F.) Rossolis. This 
 plant has a bitter, acrid, and caustic taste. It 
 has been used as a rubefacient, and to destroy 
 warts and corns. It has, also, been regarded as 
 a pectoral. 
 
 DROSIOBOTANON, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 
 DROSIUM, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 
 DROSOMELI, Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 DRUG, Medicamen'tum, (F.) Drogue. A name 
 ordinarily applied to simple medicines, but, by 
 extension, to every substance employed in the 
 cure of disease. Menage derives it from drogo, 
 and this from the Persian droa, 'odour;' because 
 many drugs have a strong odour. It is, doubt- 
 less, from the Teutonic trocken, Sax. bpigan, 'to 
 dry.' 
 
 Drug. To prescribe or administer drugs. 
 Most commonly, perhaps, to dose to excess with 
 drugs. 
 
 Drug Disease. A morbid condition, which 
 is — or is presumed to be — caused or kept up by 
 the administration of drugs. 
 
 Drug-grindkr, see Pulverization — d. Mill, 
 see Pulverization. 
 
 DRUGGIST, Drvgger, Drugster. Same ety- 
 mon. Pharmacop>o'la, Materialis'ta, iSeplasia'- 
 rius, Phurmacojxa'us, (F.) Droguiste. One who 
 sells drugs. 
 
 DRUM OF THE EAR, Tympanum. 
 
 DRUM-SIEVE, see Cribration. 
 
 DRUNKENNESS, Temulentia. 
 
 DRYING, Desicca'tion, Sicca'tio, J^eran'sis, 
 Aurin'sis, Dcsicca'tio, Exsicea'tio ; same etymon 
 as Drug. Evaporation or removal of the super- 
 fluous humidity in a body. 
 
 Drying of Plants, Desicca'tion of Plants. 
 Th«se which are very succulent should be dried 
 quickly. They must be spread upon lattice work, 
 covered from the light, and exposed to the heat 
 of the sun or to that of a stove, not exceeding 
 110° Fahrenheit. The drying of less succulent 
 plants can be effected at a lower temperature. 
 Floicers must be dried very carefully, excluding 
 light. Seeds are dried in a place where there 
 is a free current of air. Pulpy fruits may be 
 exposed to a gentle heat in a stove, which may 
 be graduallj' elevated. Roots may also be dried 
 in the stove : the tuberous require to be cut in 
 slices. 
 
 DTIIOKE, Framboesia. 
 
 DUAL'ITY, Dual'itas, from duo, 'two.' The 
 state or quality of being two. 
 
 Duality op the Mind, or Brain. As the 
 organ consists of two hemispheres, they have 
 been regarded by some as separately and ais- 
 
DUCKFOOT 
 
 305 
 
 DWARFISHNESS 
 
 tlnctly coBcerned in the mental and moral mani- 
 festations. 
 
 BUCKFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
 
 DUCKSFOOT, Podophyllum montanum. 
 
 DUCT, ALIMENTARY, Canal, alimentary. 
 Thoracic duct — d. of Bellini, Uriniferous tube — 
 d. Nasal, Lachrymal duct — d. of Pecquet, Tho- 
 racic deict — d. Vitelline, see Yesicu.la umbilicalis 
 — d. of Wirsung, see Pancreas. 
 
 DUCTIO PRiEPUTII, Masturbation. 
 
 DUCTOR CANALICULATUS, Gorget — d. 
 Urinee, Ureter. 
 
 DUCTUS, Canal, Meatus— d. Arteriosus, Arte- 
 rial duct— d. Auris palatinus. Eustachian tube. 
 
 Ductus Bartholinia'nus, Bah'tholin's 
 Duct, (F.) Canal de BARTHOLIN. The excretory 
 duet of the sublingual gland. 
 
 Ductus Belliniani, Uriniferous tubes 
 — d. Biliarii, Pori biliarii — - d. Botalli, Arterial 
 duct — d. Choledochus, Choledoch duct — d. 
 Chyliferus, Thoracic duct — d. Cibarius, Canal, 
 alimentary — d. Ferreini, Ferrein, canal of — d. 
 Hepaticus, Hepatic duct — d. Incisivus, Palatine 
 duct (anterior) — d. Intestinalis, Canal, alimen- 
 tary — d. Lacteus, Thoracic duct — d. Lachryma- 
 lis. Lachrymal duct — d. Laerumalis, Lachrymal 
 duct — d. Nasalis orbitas. Lachrymal or nasal duct 
 — d. Nasalo-palatinus, Palatine duct (anterior) — 
 d. ad Nasum, Lachrymal or nasal duct — d. Nu- 
 tritii, Canals, nutritive — d. Omphalo mesenteri- 
 eus, see Vesicula umbicalis — d. Pancreaticus, see 
 Pancreas — d. Pecquet!, Thoracic duct — d. Punc- 
 torum lachrymalium, Lachrymal ducts — d. Rivi- 
 niani, see Sublingual gland — -d. Rorifer, Thoracic 
 duct. 
 
 Ductus Saliva'lis Infe'rioe, Ductus Whar- 
 tonia'nus, (F.) Canal de Warthon. The excre- 
 tory duct of the submaxillary gland. 
 
 Ductus Saliva'lis Supe'rior, Ductus Sfeno- 
 n'a'nvs, Stejto's Duct, (F.) Canal de Stenon. 
 The excretory duct of the parotid gland which 
 opens into the mouth opposite the second upper 
 molar tooth. 
 
 Ductus Semi-Circulares Laeyrixtri, Semi- 
 circular canals— d. Serosi, Lymphatic vessels — d. 
 Spirales cochleae, Scalas of the cochlea — d. Ste- 
 nonianus, Ductus salivalis superior — d. Thora- 
 cicus. Thoracic duct — d. Urinas, Ureter — -d. Uri- 
 narius, Urethra — d. Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous 
 tubes — d. Varicosi uteri, Tubfe Fallopianse — d. 
 Venosus, Canal, venous — d. Vitellarius, see Ve- 
 sicula umbilicalis — d. Vitello-intestinalis, see Ve- 
 sicula umbilicalis — • d. Waltheriani, see Sublin- 
 gual gland — d. AYhartonianus, Ductus salivalis 
 inferior. 
 
 DUELECH, Duleeh. 
 
 DUEL'LA. The ancient name of a weight, 
 which was equivalent to eight scruples. 
 
 DUELLUM VENEREUM, Coition. 
 
 DUG, Nipple. 
 
 DULCAMARA, Solanum dulcamara— d. Flex- 
 uosa. Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 DULCEDO AMORIS, Clitoris. 
 
 DULECII, Dne'lech. A term employed by 
 Paracelsus and Van Helmont to designate a pre- 
 tended tartarized substance, which forms in the 
 human body, and produces acute pain, accompa- 
 nied with great danger. 
 
 DULSE, Rhodomelapalmata — d. Pepper, Lau- 
 rentia pinnatifida. 
 
 DUMBNESS. Mutitas. 
 
 DUNBLANE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The springs of Dunblane, in Scotland, contain 
 sulphate of soda, chlorides of sodium and cal- 
 cium, and carbonate of iron. 
 
 DUNG, Fimus — d. Cow's, Fimus Vaccje — d. 
 Goose, Fimus anseris — d. Stone-horse, Fimus 
 equinus. , . 
 
 20 
 
 DUNGA, Dengue. 
 
 DUODENI'TIS, Dodecadactyli'tis. A hybrid 
 term, from duodenum, and itis, denoting intlam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the duodenum, charac- 
 terized by white tongue, bitter taste, anorexia, 
 fulness and tenderness in the region of the duo, 
 denum, and often yellowness of skin, along with 
 the ordinary signs of febrile irritation. 
 
 DUODE'NUM, Ventnc'ulus jSuccentnria'fu-s, 
 Ec'physis seu Appen'dix sen Proces' sus Veittric'- 
 uli, Portona'rium, Dodecadac'tylon, (from SiiiScxa, 
 'twelve,' and SaKrvXos, 'a, finger.) The duode- 
 num is the first part of the intestinal canal, com- 
 mencing at the pyloric orifice of the stomach, and 
 terminating in the jejunum. Its length is about 
 twelve fingers' breadth, and as it is only partially 
 covered by the peritoneum, it is susceptible of 
 considerable dilatation ; hence its name Ventri- 
 culus succenturiatus. In the duodenum, chylifi- 
 cation takes place after the admixture of the 
 biliarv and pancreatic fluids with the chyme. 
 
 DUO-STERNAL. Bgclard thus names the 
 second osseous portion of the sternum, which 
 corresponds to the second intercostal space. 
 
 DUPLICA'TION, {duo, 'two,' and^jZ/care, 'to 
 fold.') Duplica'tio, Duplic"itas, Diplasias'mus, 
 Diplo'sis. A species of malformation or mon- 
 strosity, characterized by the parts concerned 
 being doubled. Double monsters. — Meckel. 
 
 Duplication of the Fcetus, Evolution, spon- 
 taneous. 
 
 DU'PLICATURE, DupUcatn'ra, Reflec'tn.n, 
 from duplex:, ' double,' ' twofold.' The folding or 
 reflection of a membrane upon itself; as Dvpiii- 
 catui-e or reflection of tlie pleura, periioneum, <ic. 
 DUPON'DIUM, A weight of four drachms. 
 — Galen. 
 DUR, Hard. 
 
 DURA MATER, Crassameninx, Dura menivx, 
 Sclerome'ninx, 3feninx exte'rior, IJeninx sclera, 
 31. pachei'a of Galen, Dura membra'na cer'ehritin 
 am'hiens. Cut icula'ris membra'na, M. dermato'dcs, 
 3feninc/e, (Ch.) It has been called dura, because 
 of its great resistance; and mater, because it was 
 believed to give rise to every membrane of the 
 body. (F.) Dure mere, Dure-tai/e (Pare.) It is 
 a fibrous semitransparent membrane, of a pearly- 
 white colour, thick, and very resisting; lines the- 
 cavity of the cranium, and contains the spinal 
 marrow; protects the brain and marrow; and,, 
 by its various expansions — the falx cerebri, ten- 
 torium, &c., — supports the diiferent parts of the 
 cerebral mass. The largest artery of the dura 
 mater is the A. meningm'a me'dia. 
 
 Dura Mater, Lateral Processes of the, 
 Tentorium — d. m. Testis, Albuginea. 
 
 DURATION OF LIFE, see Life— d. of Preg- 
 nancy, see Pregnancy. 
 
 DURE 31 ERE, Dura mater. 
 DURE^TAYE,'Dm?ima.ier. 
 DUREE DE LA VIE, see Longevity. 
 DURETE D' OREILLE, Baryecoia- /. de 
 I'Ouie, Deafness. 
 DURILLON, Callosity. 
 DURUS, Hard. 
 
 DUSTING BAG. In pharmacy, a kind of 
 sieve, which consists of a bag made of lawn or 
 other like material, hung inside of a wide-mouthed 
 bottle or tin canister, to the mouth of which it is 
 secured. The powdered substance is put into 
 the bag, and the mouth being closed with a. cover, 
 the apparatus is shaken, and the finer particle* 
 pass into the bottle or canister. 
 DUTROA, Datura stramonium. 
 DWARF, Nanus — d. Flag, Iris lacustrii. 
 DWARFISH, see Nanus. 
 DWARFISHNESS, Nanosomua. j 
 
DYCTOIDES 
 
 306 
 
 DYSENTERIC 
 
 WTCTOIDES, Reticular. 
 
 DYERS' BROOM, Genista tinctoria — d.Weed, 
 Genista tinctoria, Reseda luteola. 
 
 DYNAMETER, Dynamometer. 
 
 DYNAM'IC, Dynam'iciis, (F.) Dynamiqiie : 
 same etymon. In Meclianics, Dynam'ics investi- 
 gates the powers whereby bodies are put in mo- 
 tion, and the laws connected therewith. In Bi- 
 ology, that which relates to the vital forces, Vital 
 Dynamics. The influences of agents on the or- 
 ganism, which are ascribable to neither mechn- 
 nical nor chemical causes, are sometimes termed 
 dynamic. 
 
 Dynamic Diseases, see Organic. 
 
 DYNAMICS, VITAL, see Dynamic 
 
 DYNAMICUS, Dynamic. 
 
 DYNAMIS, Faculty, Force. 
 
 DYNAMOM'ETER, Myodynamiom'eier, Iifyo- 
 dynamom'eter, from Svvafitg, ' force,' ' vital power,' 
 and fisTpov, ' measure.' An instrument, contrived 
 by M. Regnier, for measuring the comparative 
 muscular strength of man and animals. It con- 
 sists of a spring, which, when pressed upon, 
 causes a needle to move upon a portion of a circle, 
 furnished with a scale of kilogrammes and one 
 of myriagramines. To measure the strength of 
 the bands, the two branches of the spring are 
 firmly grasped, and brought as near together as 
 the force can carry them. This effort makes the 
 needle traverse, and indicates, on the scale of 
 kilogrammes, the strength of the experimenter's 
 hands.. A man, 25 or 30 years of age, exerts a 
 force commonly equal to 60 kilogrammes or 100 
 pounds. 
 
 The strength of the loins of a man, about 30 
 years of age, as indicated by this instrument, is 
 usually about 30 myriagrammes, or 265 pounds, 
 which shows the weight he is capable of raising. 
 
 F'Fom experiments made by Peron, in his voy- 
 age, on 12 individuals of Van Diemen's Land, 17 
 of New Holland, 66 of the Island of Timor, 17 
 Frenchmen belonging to the expedition, and 14 
 Englishmen in the colony of New South Wales, 
 he found their comparative strength, indicated 
 by the dynamometer, to be as follows : 
 
 Natives of 
 
 STRENGTH 
 
 of the arm. 
 
 of the 
 
 loins. 
 
 Kilog. 
 
 lbs. 
 
 Myri. 
 
 lis. 
 
 1. Van Diemen's 
 
 Land. 
 
 2. New Holland. 
 
 3. Timor. 
 
 4. France. 
 
 5. England. 
 
 60.6 
 60.8 
 58.7 
 69.2 
 71.4 
 
 101.2 
 10L6 
 117.4 
 138.4 
 142.4 
 
 10.2 
 11.6 
 15.2 
 15.2 
 
 208.08 
 238.64 
 310.08 
 332.52 
 
 Dynamometer or Dynameter, Medic"inal. 
 An instrument, invented by Di-. Paris, for the 
 purpose of showing the quantity of active matter 
 contained in a given weight or measure of any 
 officinal compound, with the dose of any prepa- 
 ration, which will be equivalent in strength to a 
 given quantity of any other of the same class. 
 The instrument is more ingenious than useful. 
 
 DYOTA, Diota. 
 
 DYS, ^uf, in composition, ' difficult, faulty :" 
 B.>metimes privative; mostly answering to the 
 jjarticles din, in, mis, or un, in English. Hence : 
 
 DYS^'MIA, from (5u?, 'with difficulty,' and 
 ntjjii, 'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood. 
 
 DYSiESTHE'SIA, BysaistJiff'sis, from ivs, 
 'with difficulty.' and ata^avofint, 'I feel.' Ob- 
 iioure, diminished, or even abolished sensation. 
 
 DySjEsthesia Auditoria, Cophosifi — d. Gus- 
 
 tatoria, Ageustia — d. Interna, Amnesia — d. 01 
 factoria. Anosmia. 
 
 Dys^sthe'sia Visua'lis, Parov'sis. Sense 
 of sight vitiated or lost. 
 
 DYS^STHESIS, Dyssesthesia. 
 
 DYSANAGO'GOS, from 5u?, 'with difficulty,' 
 and avayu), 'I bring up.' That which is expecto- 
 rated with difficulty. An epithet given, by the 
 Greek writers, to the sputa, when expectorated 
 with difficulty, on account of their viscidity. 
 
 DYSANNARRHOPHE'SIS,7?,7/8o»!a)T7(ojo7,';«; 
 from ivs, 'with difficulty,' and avav^'Oipriats, 'ab- 
 sorption.' Diminished absorption from morbid 
 causes. 
 
 DYS'APHE, Bysaph'ia, from hvg, and wpn, 
 'feeling.' Morbid feeling. 
 
 DYSAPULO'TUS, Bysapu'lus, Dysepulo'ticut, 
 Dysvlo'tus, from Svs, and arovXovc, 'to heal.' 
 Healing with difficulty. 
 
 DYSARTIIRITIS, Gout, irregular. 
 
 DYSCATABROSIS. Dvsphagia. 
 
 DYSCATAPOSIS, Dysphagia. 
 
 DYSCATAPO'TIA, from Sv?, and Karamvu, 'I 
 drink.' Difficulty of swallowing liquids. This 
 term is recommended By Dr. Mead as a substitute 
 for hydrophol)in, which means dread of liquids. 
 The dread seems to be partly caused by the difB- 
 culty of deglutition. 
 
 DYSCHE'ZIA ; from Sv?, and x<£(v, 'to go to 
 stool.' Difficult and painful defecation. 
 
 DYSCHRCE'A, from Sv?, 'with difficulty,' and 
 Xpoa or )(poia, 'colour.' Dischro'a. Sickly and 
 unhealthy colour of the skin. Used synony- 
 mously with the macnlcB of Willan. 
 
 DYSCHROMATOPSIA, Achromatopsia. 
 
 D YSGHYMOSEN, Chymoplania. 
 
 DYSCINE'SIA, from kxig, 'with difficulty,' and 
 Kivim, ' I move.' Difficulty or utter incapability 
 of moving. — Galen. 
 
 DYSCOILIA, Constipation. 
 
 DYSCOPHO'SIS, from 5u?, 'with difficulty,' 
 and Ko<poii>, ' I am deaf.' A defect in the sense 
 of hearing. — Hippocrates. 
 
 DYSCO'RIA, Coremetamorjyho'sis, from ivi, 
 and Kopt], 'the pupil.' Irregularity of shape of 
 the pupil. 
 
 DYSCRA'SIA, from Sv^, and Kpamg, 'tempera- 
 ment.' Intempe'ries, Distemperan'tia, Dys'cratry. 
 A bad habit of body. 
 
 Dyscrasia Scrofclosa, Scrofula — d. Tuber- 
 culosa, see Tubercle. 
 
 DYSCRASIACUM, Spansemic. 
 
 DYSCRASIA, Dysthetica, 
 
 DYSCRASY, Dyscrasia— d. Bilious, Cholosis. 
 Icterus. 
 
 DYS'CRITOS, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and 
 KpnTis, 'judgment.' That which it is difficult 1<> 
 judge of. — Ilippocratos. 
 
 DYSDA'CRIA, Dysdacryo'sis, from ^I'f, and 
 iaKpvov, ' a tear.' A morbid condition of the tcare. 
 
 DYSDACRYOSIS, Dysdacria. 
 
 DYSECCRIS'IA, from &vg, and f»>-p((T(j, 'ex- 
 cretion.' Difficult or defective excretion. 
 
 DYSECfflA, Baryecoia, Deafncfs. 
 
 DYSEL'CIA, Dyscpnlo'lvs, from hvg, ' with 
 diffioulty,' and '(Xvoc, 'an ulcer.' An ulcer diffi- 
 cult to Ileal. — Hippocrates, Foesius. 
 DYSEMESIA, Vomiturition. 
 
 DYSENTKRIA, Dysentery — d. Biliosa. Cclo- 
 cholosis — d. Hrematera, Dysentery — d. Ilcpalioa, 
 Ilepatirrhcca — d. Maligna, Enterocacc — d. Pii- 
 trida, Enterocacc — d. Scorbutica, Enterocace — 
 d. Splenica, Mcliena — d. Typhodes, Enterodice. 
 
 DYSENTER'IC, DysaUer'icus, Di/sen'(eru», 
 
DYSENTERIUM 
 
 3or 
 
 DYSPATHIA 
 
 same etymon as Dysentery. Relating to dysen- 
 tery. 
 
 DYSENTERIUM, Dysentery. 
 
 DYSENTERONERVIA, Colic— d. Saturnina, 
 Colica metalliea. 
 
 DYS'ENTERY, Dysenter'ia, Bi/senter'him, 
 Di/senter'ia hcemate'ra, Biffictd'tas ivtestino'rum, 
 from 5u?, and tvrcoov, 'an intestine ;' Dissolu'fus 
 morbus, Diarrkos'a carnosa, Coli'tis, Coloni'tis, 
 Colo-recti'tis, Endocoli'tis, EsocoU'tis, Deflux'us 
 Dysenter'icus, Febris Di/senter'ica, Flumen dy- 
 eenter'icum, Fluxws dysenter'icits, F. cruen'tus 
 cum Tenes'mo, Rheumatis'mns intestino'rum cum 
 ul'cere, Tor'mina Celsi, Tor'miiia, Blennenter'ia, 
 Morbus dissolii'tun, Sedes cruen'tcs, Lues dyseyi- 
 ter'ica, Bloody Flux; Flux, (F.) Flux dysente- 
 rique. Flux d^e Sang. Inflammation of the mu- 
 cous membrane of the large intestine; the chief 
 symptoms of which are : — fever, more or less in- 
 flammatory, with frequent mucous or bloody 
 evacuations; violent tormina and tenesmus. 
 When the evacuations do not contain blood, it 
 has been called Dysenter'ia alba or simple Dysen- 
 tery. The seat of the disease is, generally, in the 
 colon and rectum. It occurs, particularly, dur- 
 ing the summer and autumnal months, and in 
 hot climates more than in cold : frequently, also, 
 in camps and prisons, in consequence of impure 
 air, and imperfect nourishment : and is often 
 epidemic. Sporadic cases of dysentery are, gene- 
 rally, easily managed; but when the disease oc- 
 curs epidemically, it often exhibits great malig- 
 nancy. Generally, it yields to mild laxatives, as 
 castor oil, combined with diaphoretic narcotics, 
 such as the pulvis ipecacuaiihm compositus, and 
 counter-irritants to the abdomen ; but, at times, 
 the inflammation runs on so speedily to ulcera- 
 tion, that, unless a new action be rapidly excited, 
 death will be the consequence. In such cases, 
 mercury must be rapidly introduced into the 
 system, and narcotics may be combined with it. 
 
 The whole management in acute dysentery 
 must, of course, be strictly antiphlogistic. 
 
 Dysentery, Bilious, Colocholosis. 
 
 I^YSEPULOTICUS, Dysapulotus. 
 
 DYSEPULOTOS, Dyselcia. 
 
 DYSGALACTIA, Dysgalia. 
 
 DYSGA'LIA, Dysgalac'tia, from 6u?, and yoKa, 
 'milk.' An unhealthy condition or depravation 
 of the milk. 
 
 DYSGENNE'SIA, from ivs, and ytvvnaic;, 'ge- 
 neration.' Lesion of the generative organs or 
 functions. 
 
 DYSGEU'SIA, Disgeus'tia, from Svs, and 
 ytvcis, ' taste.' A morbid condition of the sense 
 of taste. 
 
 DYSH^MORRHCE'A, from Sv?, 'at/ta, 'blood,' 
 and pita, ' to flow.' Difiiculty in the flow of blood, 
 — according to some, of the hem.orrhoidal flux. 
 Also, symptoms occasioned by its diminution or 
 eappression.— Sagar. 
 
 DYSH^E'MIA, from Svi, and 'atna, 'blood.' 
 A morbid condition of the blood. 
 
 DYSHAPiriA, Dysaph'ia, from i^uj, and 'ak/j?/, 
 ' touch.' A morbid condition of the sense of 
 touch. 
 
 DYSHI'DRTA, Dysi'dria, from <5uj, and 'c^puf, 
 'sweat.' A morbid state of the perspiration. 
 
 DYSIA'TOS, Hvmarog, from 5vg, 'with diffi- 
 culty,' and laojjtai, ' to heal ;' Cura'tu dijfic"ilis. 
 Difficult of cure. — Hippocrates. 
 
 DYSLALIA, Balbuties, Bradylogia. 
 
 DYSLOCHI'A, Col'ica lochia'lis, Hyateral'gia 
 lochia' lis, /ram 6uj, and Xo;^;iof ; 'relating to par- 
 
 turition.' Diminution or suppression of the lo- 
 chial discharge. 
 
 DYSMASE'SIS, Dysmasse'sis, Bradymasse' sis, 
 from &v;, 'with difficulty,' and na<jn<Ti?, 'mastica- 
 tion.' Difficult or impeded mastication. 
 
 DYSMENIA, Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 D YSMENORRHEE, Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 DYSMENORRHGE'A, Dysme'nia, Parame'nia 
 diffic"ilis, Menorrha' gia stiUati" tia, Men'strun 
 difficil'ia, JI. Doloro'sn, Am.enorrhoe' a dij/ic"{li.i 
 seu partia' lis, Menses dolorif'iccB, Menorrha' gia 
 diffic"ilis, Menstrua'tio diffic"ilis, M. dolurif'- 
 ica, Lubo'rious or Difficidt Menstrua'tio}}, (F. ) 
 DysmenorrMe, Menstruation difficile, Regies dij/i- 
 ciles, Strangurie menstruelle. Catamenia passed 
 with great local pain, especially in the loins : — 
 with sometimes a membranous discharge. Dys- 
 menorrhoea is very difficult of removal, and pre- 
 vents conception. In the married female, if she 
 should be able to pass one period without pain, 
 and subsequently become pregnant, the morbid 
 action may»be broken in upon by gestation, and 
 a perfect cure be obtained. Change of air, soon 
 after marriage, will sometimes give occasion to 
 this desirable result. The affection generally de- 
 pends upon erethism of the interior of the 
 uterus, called into action at each catamenial pe- 
 riod. The violence of the pain requires the libe- 
 ral use of narcotics. 
 
 DYSMNE'SIA; from 5«?, 'badly,' and nvncn, 
 'memory.' Defective memory. 
 
 DYSMORPHE, Deformation. 
 
 DYSMORPHIA, Deformation. 
 
 DYSMORPHOSIS, Deformation. 
 
 D YSNEPIIRONER VIE, Nephralgia. 
 
 DYSODES, Fetid. 
 
 DYSO'DIA, Dysod'mia, Dysos'mia, Fcctor, 
 'foetor,' from 5uf, 'badly,' and o^u, 'I smell.' 
 (F.) Puanteur. Sauvages has given this generic 
 name to all diseases, characterized by fetid ema- 
 nations, from whatever part proceeding ; — from 
 the mouth, nasal fossas, bronchia, stomach, axil- 
 Ice, groins, &c. Also, a stench or stink, Psoa. 
 
 DYSODMIA, Dysodia. 
 
 DYSODONTPASIS, Dentit"io diffi.c"ilis, from 
 5uf, 'with difficulty,' and o&jvTiaais, 'dentition.' 
 Difficult dentition. 
 
 DYSONEI'ROS, from 6vg, 'with difficulty,' and 
 ovupog, 'a dream.' Insomnia, with restlessness. 
 
 DYSO'PIA, properly Dysojy'sin, Dysora'sis, 
 signifying ' shame,' from 6vs, ' with difficulty,'' 
 and oTZTOfiat, ' I see.' Difficulty of seeing : obscu- 
 rity of vision. 
 
 Dysopia Dissitorum, Myopia. 
 
 Dysopia Latera'lis, Parop'sis latera'lis, 
 Skue-sighf, Sight askew. Vision only accurate 
 when the object is placed obliquely. This state 
 is generally caused by some opacity of the cornejs,. 
 
 Dysopia Luaiinis, Nyctalopia — d. Proximo- 
 rum, Presbytia — d. Tenebrarum, Hemeralopia. 
 
 DYSOPSIA, Dysopia. 
 
 DYSORASIS, Dysopia. 
 
 DYSOREX'IvV, Inappefcn'tia, Appeti.'his de- 
 fic"iens, from ()i'f, 'with difficulty,' and opr|if, 
 'appetite.' Diminution of appetite. 
 
 DYSOS'MIA. from 5uf, 'with difficulty,' and 
 onjin, 'smell.' Diminution of smell. 
 
 DYSOSPHRE'SIA, Dysosphre'sia, Dysosjihra'- 
 sia, Dysphre'sis, from (5«f, and oa-i/pf/trir, 'the sense 
 of smell.' A morbid state of the sense of smeil, 
 
 DYSOSTO'SIS; from cv<;, and o(jTinv, 'a bou».' 
 A faulty conformation or morbid ccindition of 
 bone. 
 
 DYSPATHIA, see Serious. 
 
DYSPEPSIA 
 
 308 
 
 DYSTOCIA 
 
 DISPEPSIA, from Svs, 'with difficulty,' and 
 irETTTQ), 'I concoct.' Litno'sis Dtjspep'na, Ano- 
 rex'ia, Apep'sia, Brady pep' si a , Gastroatax'ia, 
 JDif/es'tio deprava' tn, D. diffid'Uls, D. IcBsa, Gas- 
 tro-ato'nia, Concoc'tio tarda, Stom'achi resolu'tio, 
 Oru'ditas, Passio stornach'ica. Indigestion, Diffi- 
 culty of Diqestion. A state of the stomach, in 
 which its functions are disturbed, -without the 
 presence of other diseases, or when, if other dis- 
 eases be present, they are of but minor import- 
 ance. The symptoms of dyspepsia are veiy va- 
 rious. Those atfeoting the stomach itself are : — 
 loss of appetite ; nausea ; pain in the epigastrium 
 or hypoehondrinm ; heart-buru ; sense of fulness, 
 or weight in the stomach ; acrid or fetid eructa- 
 tions; pjTOsis, and sense of fluttering or sinking 
 »t the pit of the stomach. The sympathetic affec- 
 tions are of the most diversified character. Dys- 
 pepsia, being generally of a functional nature, is 
 devoid of danger. When arising from disease of 
 the stomach itself, it is, of coui-se, more serious. 
 
 It is usually dependent on irregularity of living; 
 either in the quantity or quality of thei'ood taken : 
 and the most successful treatment is, to put the 
 patient on a diet easy of digestion ; to combat the 
 causes, where such are apparent; and, by proper 
 remedies and regimen, to strengthen the system 
 in every practicable manner. A great error exists 
 in regarding it as always a disease of debility. 
 It is often connected with an inflammatory or 
 .subinflammatory condition of the mucous lining 
 of the stomach, and of course a very difi'erent 
 plan of treatment is required in the two cases. 
 Dyspepsia is often attended with too great a se- 
 cretion of the gastric acids ; but, on other occa^ 
 sions, they would appear to be too small in quan- 
 tity, so as to constitute alkaline indigestion or 
 neutral indigestion. 
 
 Dyspepsia Chlorosis, Chlorosis — d. Hypo- 
 chondriasis, Hypochondriasis — d. Pyrosis, Py- 
 rosis. 
 
 DTSPEPSIODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
 DTSPEPSODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
 DYSPEP'TIC, Dyspep'ticus, Dyspep'ttw, 
 Apep'tie, Apep'ticus ; same etymon. Having re- 
 lation to dyspepsia, as 'dyspeptic bread.' One 
 ■who suiFers from dyspepsia. 
 DYSPEPTICUS, Dyspeptic. 
 DYSPEPTODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
 DYSPEPTUS, Dyspeptic. 
 DYSPEPiMA'SIA, Dyspermafis'imis, from Svg, 
 'with difficulty,' and a-^cpua, 'sperm.' Difficulty 
 — sometimes incapacity — of voiding the sperm. 
 DYSPERMATISMUS, Bradyspei-matismus. 
 DYSPHA'GIA, Dyseatahro'sis, ByRcatapj'osis, 
 IJeghitit"lo diffic"ilis, D. la'sa, D. impedi'ta, 
 from cuf, 'with difficulty,' and (jtayu), 'I eat.' 
 Difficulty of deglutition. Dysphagia is almost 
 id ways symptomatic, either of inflammation or 
 of other disease of the organs of deglutition, or 
 of incomplete obstruction of the oesophagus, by 
 some obstacle within it, or by a neighbouring tu- 
 mour. At times, it is produced by spasm or pa- 
 ralysis of the oesophagus. The prognosis and 
 treatment vary according to the cause. 
 Dtsphaoia Atoxica, Pharyngoplegia. 
 DyspHA'ciA Constric'tA, B. Pharyngen, D. 
 (Eso2>!>."'j<'n, D. Callo'sa, Strirtu'ra Pharyn'gis 
 tieu OJ^oph,'agi t^era, S. (E. Callo'sn, Stenoeho'- 
 rin CEsojjti' agi, (Esophagiitrc'tia, Lainosteno'sis. 
 iStrictui-e of the pharynx and oesophagus is an 
 aSection which may be the result of pharyngitis or 
 •Rsophagitis : but more frequently of malignant 
 disease in the parietcs of the tube. The only 
 remedy is the bougie. 
 
 Dyspha'gia I.vKLAirMATORiA, CEsophagitis — 
 d Pharyngea. D. Coustricta — d. CEsophagea, D. 
 
 Constricta — d. Spasmodica, CEsophagismus — A. 
 Callosa, D. Constricta — d. Paralytica, OEsopha- 
 goplegia, Pharyngoplegia — d. Nervosa, CEsopha- 
 gismus — d. Torpida, Pharyngoplegia — d. Globosa, 
 Angone — d. Hysterica, Angone — d. Inflammato- 
 ria, Cynanehe tonsillaris — ■ d. Linguosa, Para- 
 glossa — d. Ranula, Ranula — d. Uvulosa, Staphy- 
 loedema — d. Scirrhosa, Lajmoscirrhus — d. Spas- 
 tica, CEsophagismus. 
 
 DYSPHO'NIA, from Sv;, and ^wvv, 'the voice.' 
 
 Difficulty of producing and articulating sounds : 
 
 voice imperfect or depraved. Apiho'nia, (of some.) 
 
 Dysphoria Imjiodulata Nasalis, Rhinopho- 
 
 nia — d. Immodulata palatina, Asaphia. 
 
 DYSPHOR'IA, Lujtiieiu'do, Asta'sia. Dissatis- 
 faction ; restlessness; suffering; indisposition; 
 from ivs, and ^e.pii), ' I bear.' 
 
 Dysphoria A>":sietas, Anxiety — d. Nervosa, 
 Fidgets — d. Simplex, Fidgets. 
 DYSPHOTIA, Myopia. 
 DYSPHRESIS, JDysosphresia, 
 DYSPIO'NIA, from h;, and mtDv, 'fat.' A 
 morbid condition of the adipous substance. 
 DYSPLASMATIC, Cacoplastic. 
 DYSPLASTICUM, Spanamic. 
 DYSPNCE'A, from ^v;, and 7r»fu, 'I breathe.' 
 Pseudo-asthma, Amphipneit'ma, Respiru'tio dif- 
 fic"ilis seu hrevis et rara, Brachypna-'a, Reientio 
 ae'reo, Anhela'tion, Short hreath, Bifficulty of 
 hreathing, (F.) Conrfe Haleine. Dyspnoea may 
 be idiopathic or symptomatic. The latter accom- 
 panies almost all thoracic diseases. Urgent dys- 
 pnoea has been called ampihipneu'ma, afifi-vevfia. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 Dyspncea Convulsiva, Asthma — d. Hydro- 
 thoraeica, Hydrothorax — d. Physothoracica, 
 Pneumothorax — d. Pinguedinosa, Pursiness — d. 
 Pneumatica, Pneumothorax — d. Pyothoracica, 
 Empyema. 
 
 DYSSIA'LIA, from ovg, and o-ia^oj, 'saliva.' 
 A morbid condition of the saliva. 
 
 DYSSYN'ODUS, Byssynv'sin, from ^v<;, and 
 trvvoio;, ' coition.' Co'itus diffic"ilis. Difficulty 
 in coition. 
 
 DYSSYNUSIA, Dyssynodus. 
 DYSTHAN'ATOS, from 6v$, and Savaro?, 
 'death.' That which causes a slow and painful 
 death. One who experiences this kind of death. 
 — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 DYSTHELA'SIA, from ivg, and ^T,\alu>, '1 give 
 suck.' Inaptitude for suckling. 
 
 DYSTHERAPEU'TOS, Blfficiliter cvrn'lills ; 
 from &VS, and ^tpa-nurt, 'medical treatment.' That 
 which is difficult of cure. 
 
 DYSTHE'SIA, from ^vc, 'badly,' and rt^rin, 'I 
 am situate.' Dys'thesis, Cache.v'ia. Morbid habit. 
 Bad humour. Impatience in disease. — Erotian. 
 
 DYSTHET'ICA, Cache.r'icB, CacheHcs ; snf.o 
 etymon. A morbid condition of the blood or 
 blood-vessels ; alone or connected with a morbid 
 state of other fluids, producing a diseased habit. 
 The fourth order in the class Hamatica of Good, 
 including Plethora, ITixmorrJiagia, &c. 
 
 DYSTHYM'IA, from Sv;, and Sv/ios, 'mind.' 
 Bepression, Benpondcncy. A bad sign in acut« 
 diseases. Also, Melancholy. 
 
 DYSTOCIA, 3fogostoc'ia, Bradytoc'ia, Reten'- 
 tio foitus, from Svg, and toko;, 'accouchement.' 
 A laborious accouchement, Laho'rious labour, 
 Parodyn'ia, morbid labour, difficult labour, Par- 
 tus d{ffic"ilis. See Laborious. 
 
 Dystocia Abortiya, Abortion — d. Dyscyesis, 
 Pregnancy, morbid — d. Dyscyesis extra-uteiina, 
 see Pregnancy, preternatural. 
 
DYSTCECHIASIS 
 
 369 
 
 EAU 
 
 DYST(EC'Sl'ASlS,Higpid'itas, from Svg, 'bad,' 
 and oTOLXo?, ' order.' Irregular position of the 
 eye-lashes. — -Forestus. 
 
 DYSTON'IA, from 6vs, and rovoy, ' tone.' Mor- 
 bid condition of the tone of a tissue or organ. 
 
 DYSTROPH'IA, from Svs, 'with difficulty,' 
 and rpotpri, 'nourishment.' Imperfect or defective 
 nutrition. 
 
 DYSULOTUS, Dysapulotus. 
 
 DYSURE'SIA, Dysio-e's).*; from Sv;, and ovpij- 
 o-is, 'passing the urine.' Defective secretion and 
 evacuation of the urine. 
 
 BYSU'illA, Uri'ncB diffic"ilis excre'tio, from 
 bvs, 'with difficulty,' and ovgov, 'urine.' Stran'- 
 gury, {of some.) Difficulty of passing the urine. 
 In this aflfection the urine is voided with pain, 
 and a sensation of heat in some part of the 
 urethra. Dysuria is the first degree of retention 
 of urine. It diifers from strangury, in which the 
 urine can only be passed in drops and with great 
 straining. 
 
 Dysukia Calctjlosa, Calculi, vesical — d. 
 Irritata, Calculi, vesical — d. Mucosa, Cystir- 
 rhcea. 
 
 E. 
 
 EAGLE-STOXE, Elites. 
 
 EAR, Auris, Ous, ouj, Ac'oe, Saxon, eape, (F.) 
 Oreille. The organ of audition. It is composed of 
 a series of more or less irregular cavities, in 
 which the sonorous rays are successively received 
 and reflected, until they agitate the nerves which 
 are destined to convey the impression to the brain. 
 The ear is contained partly in the substance of 
 the temporal bones ; and a part projects exter- 
 nally, behind the joint of the lower jaw. It may 
 be divided into three portions; — the outer or ea-- 
 tenial ear, formed by the auricle and meatus au- 
 ditorius ; the middle ear, comprising the cavity 
 of the tympanum and its dependencies ; and the 
 jnfernalear, comprehending the three semicircular 
 canals, the cochlea and the vestibule ; which, to- 
 gether, constitute the osseovs labyrinth. Within 
 the cavity of this labyrinth are contained mem- 
 branes having nearly the shape of the vestibule 
 and semicircular canals, but not extending into 
 the cochlea. These membranes form the mem- 
 branoua lahyrinth. Between the osseous and the 
 naembranous labyrinth is situate the liquor of 
 Cotunnius, and within the membranous labyrinth 
 is a fluid, termed, by De Blainville, vitrine audi- 
 tive, from its supposed analogy to the vitreous 
 humour of the eye. The form of the membranous 
 vestibule is not an exact imitation of the osseous 
 cavity, being composed of two distinct sacs, which 
 open into each other, — the one termed the Sac'- 
 cidus vestib'uli; the other Sac'cnlus. Each sac 
 contains in its interior a small mass of white cal- 
 careous matter resembling powdered chalk, which 
 seems to be suspended in the fluid of the sacs by 
 means of a number of nervous filaments pro- 
 ceeding from the auditory nerve. These are the 
 otoconies and otolithes of Breschet. 
 
 The auditory nerve is distributed to the cavi- 
 ties of the internal ear. 
 
 EAR-DOCTOR, Aurist — e. Flap, Proptoma 
 auricularum. 
 
 EAR-PICK, Otog'lypMs, Otoff'lyphum, Coch'- 
 lear aurictda're, AuriscaV piiim, (F.) Cure-oreille. 
 A species of small scoop, used for extracting 
 "hardened cerumen from the meatus auditorius 
 externus ; or to remove foreign bodies from the 
 ear. If carelessly used, it is apt to excite inflam- 
 mation of the tube. 
 
 EAR-SURGEOX, Aurisf^e. Surgery, Otiatria. 
 
 EAR-TRUMPET, Tuhim acns'tieus, Acus'ticum 
 Cornu, (F.) Cornet acoustique. An instrument for 
 collecting sound and increasing its intensity, used 
 by those who are hard of hearing. It is, com- 
 monly, a kind of cone, formed of silver, tin, or 
 elastic gum, the base of which is turned towards 
 the person.who is speaking, and the apex placed 
 in the entrance of the meatus auditorius externus. 
 
 EARWAX, Cerumen. 
 
 EARWIG, Forficula aurieularia, 
 
 EARTH CLUB, Orobanche Americana — e. 
 Fuller's, Cimolia purpurescens — e. Gall, Vera^ 
 trum viride — e. Heavy, Baryta — e. Japan, Cate- 
 chu — e. Lemnian, Terra Lemnia — e. Nut, Pignut, 
 Bunium balbocastanum — e. Ponderous, Baryta — 
 e. Samian, Sami terra — e. Sealed, Terra sigillata 
 — e Tale, Magnesia. 
 
 EATABLE, Esculent. 
 
 EAU, Water — e. d'Aix-la-Chapelle, see Aix- 
 la-Chapelle. 
 
 EA U B'ALIBOUR. This compound is made 
 of sulphate of zinc, and sulphate of copper, each 
 ^j ; camphor, ten grains; saffron, four grains; 
 loafer, four fluidouuces. Employed in chronic 
 inflammation of the eyelids, and as a vulnerarj-. 
 
 EAU BE L'AIINIOS, Liquor amnii — ?. 
 d'Amandea ameres, Aqua amygdalarum coneen- 
 trata. 
 
 EAU ANTIPUTRIDE BE BEAUFORT. 
 Mineral lemonade prepared with sulphuric acid. 
 
 EAU B'ARMAGNAC, Tinetura cinnamomi 
 composita — e. de Balaruc, Balaruc waters — e. de 
 Bareges, Bareges water — e. de Binelli, Aqua 
 Binellii — e. Blanche, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
 dilutus — e. de Bonferme, Tinetura cinnamomi 
 composita — e. de Bonnes, Bonnes, mineral waters 
 of — e. de Boide, see Ferrum tartarizatum — e. d^ 
 Bourhonne-les-Bains, Bourbonne-les-Bains, mi- 
 neral waters of — e. de Broechieri, Aqua Broechi- 
 erii — e. des Cannes, see Melissa — e. de Chau:c, 
 Liquor caleis — c. de Chaux compiosee. Liquor eal- 
 cis compositus. 
 
 EAU BE COLOGNE, Colofjnc water. A cele- 
 brated perfume, so called from the place where it 
 is made. The following is one formula: Oil of 
 hergamot, giij ; Oil of lemon, ^ij : Oil of Lai'en- 
 der, ^uiss ; Oil of neroli, ^iiss ; Oil of oricjanvm, 
 ,5ij ; Oil of rosemary, ^j ; Essence of vanilla, ^^ij ; 
 Musk, ten grains ; Rectified spirit, Oxiij ; Rose- 
 water, Oij ; Orange-flower water, Oj. Macerate 
 for fourteen days, and filter. 
 
 EAU BE CUIVRE AMMOJYTACALE, Li- 
 quor eupri ammoniati — e. Bistillee, Water, dis- 
 tilled — e. de Fontaine, Water, spring — e. dea 
 Fontaines de la 3Iareguerie, Rouen, mineral wa- 
 ters of — e. contre la Gangrene, Liquor hydrargyri 
 nitrici — ■e. de Goudron, see Pinus sylvestris — e. de 
 Goulard, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 EA UHEiVASTA TIQ UE BE TISSERAN V. 
 A hemastatic water reputed to possess the same 
 properties as the Aqua Brocchierii. It may be 
 prepared by digesting dragon's blood, and txirpiHir. 
 tine of the Vosges in water. 
 
 EAU B'HUSSON, Vinum colchici — «.-«/«« 
 
EAU 
 
 310 
 
 ECDEMIOMANIA 
 
 Jlydropiquea, Serum of serous membranes — e. 
 Jlydrosulfaree simple, Hydrosulphuretted water. 
 
 EA U DE J A VELLE, Bleaching liquid, Aqua 
 aJkali'na oxymuriat'ica, Laharraque's Solution, 
 ( Common salt, Ibi.) ; black oxide of manganese, 
 Ibj ; water, tbij. Put into a retort, and add, gra- 
 dually, oil of vitriol, Ibij. Pass the vapour through 
 a solution o{ subearhonate of potassa ^lij in water 
 ,^xxix, applying heat towards the last. S. g. 
 1.087.) It is stimulant, detergent, and antiseptic, 
 — applied externally. 
 
 EAU BE LAC, Water, lake— e. cJe Litce, Spi- 
 ritus ammoniae succinatus — e. Ifagnesienne, Mag- 
 nesia, fluid — e. de Marais, Water, marsh — e. Me- 
 dlcinale d'Hasson, see Colchicum autumnale — e. 
 de Mer, Water, sea — e. Jfercurielle, Liquor hy- 
 drargyri nitrici — e. Minerale, Water, mineral — e. 
 de ilonterossi. Aqua Binellii — c. de Naples, Na- 
 ples water, factitious — e. de Neige, Water, snow 
 — e. de Pluie, Water, rain — e. de Potasse, Liquor 
 potassaj — e. de Puit, Water, well — e. de Babel, 
 Elixir aoidum Halleri — e. Begale, Nitro-muriatic 
 acid — e. de Source, Water, well — e. Styptiqne de 
 Brocchieri, Aqua Brocchierii — e. Sucree, Hydro- 
 saccharum — e. Vegeto-minerale, Liquor Plumbi 
 subacetatis dilutus — e. de Vichy, Vichy water — 
 €. de Vie, Brandy — e. de Vie Allemande, Tinctura 
 jalapii composita — e. de Vie camphree, Spiritus 
 camphoras. 
 
 EAUX, LES, Liquor amnii — e. Hepafiques, 
 Waters, mineral, sulfureous — e. Minerales artifi- 
 ei-elles, Waters, mineral, artificial — e. Ifinerales 
 factices, Waters, mineral, artificial — e. ilinerales 
 ferrv.gineuses, Waters, mineral, gaseous, &c. — e. 
 Minerales gaseuses ou acidules, Waters, mineral, 
 gaseous, &c. — e. ilinerales salines, Waters, mine- 
 ral, saline — e. Ilinerales sulfnreuses, Waters, 
 mineral, sulfureous — e. Sulfurees, Waters, mine- 
 ral, sulfureous. 
 
 EBEAUPIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. An 
 acidulous chalybeate, in the department of Loire 
 Liferieure, near Nantes. 
 
 EBLOUISSEMENT, Dazzling. 
 
 EBRIECA'SUM. A term employed by Para- 
 celsus to denote a disturbance of the reason, simi- 
 lar to what occurs in drunkenness. 
 
 EBRIETAS, Temulentia. 
 
 EBRIOSITAS, Temulentia. 
 
 EBULLITIO, Ebullition, Strophulus— e. Sto- 
 machi. Ardor ventriculi. Pyrosis. 
 
 EBULLIT"ION, Ebullif'io, jE8tuat"io, Anaz'- 
 esis, Causis, from ebullire, 'to bubble up.' Boil- 
 ing/ (F.) Bouillonnement. The motion of a 
 liquid, by which it gives off bubbles of vapour, 
 by heat or fermentation. The boiling point of 
 liquids varies according to the pressure to which 
 they are subjected. For the point of ebullition 
 of different substances, see Heat. 
 
 Ebullition is used in France, in a vague man- 
 ner, for every kind of transient eruption of the 
 skin, occurring without fever or with a slight 
 febrile attack. 
 
 EBTTLUS, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 EBUR, Ivorv. 
 
 E B U R N I F I C A'T 1 N, Ebum ificn'tio, from 
 ehnr, 'ivory,' and fio, 'to be made.' An incrus- 
 tation of the articular surfaces of bones with 
 phosphate of lime, which gives them the white- 
 DCBS and hardness of ivory. 
 
 EC, (before a vowel, Es,) tx, tf, 'out of, from, 
 of Hence, Ecchymoma, Eclectic, &c. 
 
 ECAILLE. Scale. 
 
 ECAILLES D'HUITBES, Ostrese testes. 
 
 ECAILLEUX. Squamous. 
 
 ECBALIA ELATERIUM, Momordica elate- 
 rium. 
 
 ECBESOMENON, Eventua. 
 
 ECBLOMA, see Abortion. 
 
 ECBOLE, Abortion. 
 
 ECBOLIC, Abortive. 
 
 ECBOLICUS, Abortive. 
 
 ECBOLIUM ELATERIUM, Momordica ela- 
 terium. 
 
 EGBOLIUS, Abortive. 
 
 ECBRAS'MATA, from tKiSpa^o), 'I boil up,' 
 Ecchym'ata. Hippocrates uses the word for cer- 
 tain burning eruptions. 
 
 ECCATHARTICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 ECCEPHALO'SIS, E.rcerebra'tio, Cephalo- 
 tom'ia, frora £K, 'out,' a.nd KiiffiXr], 'head.' The 
 removal of the brain of the child to facilitate 
 delivery. 
 
 ECCHELTSIS, Expectoration. 
 
 ECCHORESIS, Defecation. 
 
 ECCHYLOMA, Succus expressus. 
 
 ECCIIYiMATA, Ecbrasmata, 
 
 ECCHYMO'MA, Ecchymo'sis, Pelidno'ma, Pe- 
 lio'ma, Hyphm'ma, Hypoa'ma, ITypoce'mia, from 
 £«■, ' out of,' and y^vfxoi, 'juice,' 'humour;' Ejfii'- 
 sio, Exsucca'tio, Siiffu'sio san'guinia. A livid, 
 black, or yellow spot, Livor sanguin'ens, pro- 
 duced by blood effused into the areolar tissue 
 from a contusion. Spontaneous effusions, occur- 
 ring as the result of disease or after death, are 
 called suggillations. 
 
 Ecchymoma Auteriosum, see Aneurism — e. 
 Capitis recens natorum, Cephaleematoma — e. 
 Hyponychon, Hyponychon — e. Lymphaticum, 
 Phlerrmatia dolens — e. Melasma, Melasma. 
 
 ECCHY'MOSIS, Ecchymoma. 
 
 ECCHYSIS, Effusion. 
 
 ECCLISIS, Luxation. 
 
 EC'COPE, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia, from en, and 
 KoiTTciv, ' to cut.' The act of cutting out : also, 
 a perpendicular division of the cranium by a 
 cutting instrument;, See Entaille. 
 
 ECCOP'EUS. Same etymon. A knife or in- 
 strument for cutting. An ancient instrument — 
 the raspatory — used in trepanning. 
 
 ECCOPROSIiESTHE'SIS, from ek, Kovpog, 'ex- 
 crement,' and aiadrjcns, 'sensation.' The sensa- 
 sion or desire to evacuate the bowels. 
 
 ECCOPROSIS, Defecation. 
 
 ECCOPROT'IC, Eeeoprot'icus,Ectoprot'ic, from 
 c^, 'out of,' a.nA Konpos, 'excrement.' Mild pur- 
 gatives or laxatives, whose operation is confined 
 to simply clearing out the intestinal canal. 
 
 ECCORTHAT'ICUS, from zk, 'out of,' and 
 KopOaw, ' I collect.' An ancient epithet for reme- 
 dies to which was attributed the property of 
 evacuating collections of humours. 
 
 ECCRINOL'OGY, Eccrinolog"ia, Ecerimo- 
 log"in, from E/c/epivo), [ik, and Kpivw,) 'I separate,' 
 and \oyoi, ' a discourse.' A treatise on the secre- 
 tions. 
 
 ECCRISIOLOGIA, Ecerinology. 
 
 ECCRISION'OSI, Eccresionu'si, from cKKpiirtg, 
 ' excretion,' and voo-oj, ' disease,' Diseases of 
 excretion. 
 
 ECCRISIOS'CHESIS, from cKKp,ai<;, 'excre- 
 tion,' and c^caig, ' retention.' Arrest or retention 
 of excretions ; or of a critical evacuation. 
 
 EC'CRISIS, Excretion. 
 
 ECCRIT'ICA. Diseases of the exccrnent 
 function. The Cth cb^s in Good's Nosology 
 Also, medicines that act on the excernent sj'stem, 
 
 ECCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra-uterine— e. Ab- 
 dominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal — e. Ovarui, 
 Pregnane}', ovarial — c. Tubalis, Pregnancy, tubal, 
 
 ECCY'"LIO'SIS, from ck, 'out of,' and kv'Xuh; 
 'to turn round.' Jlorbus evolutio'nis. A disease 
 of evolution or development. 
 
 ECDEMIOMA'NIA, Ecdemion'oavs, from (kV 
 
ECDEMIONOSUS 
 
 311 
 
 ECONOIMT 
 
 /•««. 'I travel about,' and /lavia, 'mania.' A mor- 
 bid desire to be travelling about. 
 ECDEMIONOSUS, Ecdemiomania, 
 EC'PORA, from ck, and hpo>, 'I fla.y.' Anad'- 
 orn, Excoria'tio. Excoriation in general, but 
 more especially of the urethra. 
 
 EC'DYSIS, from tk-^uco, (ek, and ^uw,) 'I put 
 off.' Moulting of the skin of animals. Desqua- 
 mation. 
 
 ECHALOTTE, Eschalotte, Al'Umn Ascalon'- 
 icum, Cepa Ascalon'ica. The shallot'. A species 
 of allium, employed in culinary preparations. 
 
 EGHANCRURE {¥.), Emargina'tio, Emargi- 
 natu'ra, Incisu'ra. A French word, employed by 
 anatomists to designate depressions and botches 
 of various shapes, observed on the surface or 
 edges of bones. 
 
 ECHANCRURE ETHMOlDALE is on the 
 nasal bone, which unites with the ethmoid. See 
 Ethmoid. 
 
 ECHANCRURE NASALE, Nasal Notch, be- 
 longs to the OS frontis, and is articulated with the 
 bones of the nose. 
 
 ECHANCRURE PAROTIDIENNE is a tri- 
 angular space, comprised between the parotidean 
 edge of the inferior maxillary bone and the mas- 
 toid process, so called because it lodges the pa- 
 rotid gland. 
 
 ECHANCRURE SOAPULATRE, Notch, sca- 
 pular — e. Sciatique grande, see Sciatic Notch — e. 
 Sciatique petite, see Sciatic Notch. 
 
 ECHARDE, Splinter. 
 
 ECHARPE GRANDE, et E. MO YEN, see 
 Sling — L de J. L. Petit, see Sling — e. Petite, see 
 Sling. 
 
 ECHAUBOULURES (F.), Sudam'ina, Ei- 
 dro'a. A word whose meaning is not fixed. It 
 is applied to any eruption on the surface of the 
 body, accompanied with pricking and other un- 
 easy sensations. 
 
 ECHA UFFANTS, Calefacients. 
 
 ECHAUFFEMENS, Chafing. 
 
 ECHAUFFEMENT (¥.) Calefac'tio, Exealc- 
 fao'tio, from {F.)eehanffer, (cale/acere,) 'to make 
 warm.' Augmentation of heat in the animal 
 economy ; the symptoms of which are a more 
 than ordinary sensation of heat, disposition to 
 perspiration, great thirst, general indisposition, 
 flushed countenance, &c. It goes off by the use 
 of antiphlogistics and abstinence. In the vulgar 
 language it is often used synonymously with con- 
 stipation, and sometimes for simple gonorrhoea, 
 and for chafing. 
 
 ECHECOL'LON, from ex'^, 'I have,' and KoWa, 
 'glue.' Echeeollum. Any topical glutinous re- 
 medy. — Gorraeus, Galen. 
 
 ECHELLES DU LIMAgON, Scalse of the 
 cocIiIgr. 
 
 ECHENEIS, Remora Hildani. 
 
 ECHETROSIS, Bryonia alba. 
 
 ECHID'NA OCELLA'TA, Brown ten-inch- 
 long viper. A most formidable viper in the 
 forests of Peru, the bite of which is so rapidly 
 fatal, that it kills a strong man in two or three 
 minutes. Tschudi. 
 
 ECHINA'CEA PURPU'REA, Purple Cone- 
 flower, Black Sampson, of the Composite Family ; 
 indigenous in Ohio and westward ; its dull pur- 
 ple flowers appearing in July. The root is aro- 
 matic, and used popularly as a carminative. 
 
 ECHINE, Vertebral column. 
 ECHINOCOCCUS HOMINIS, see Worms — 
 e. Humanus, Hydatid. 
 
 ECHINODERMI, Porcupine men. 
 ECHINOGLOSSUM, Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
 
 ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA, from ^xivos, 'a hcdgo- 
 hog,' and oip^aXfiia, 'inflammation of the eye.' 
 Ophthalmia of the eyelids, in which the cilia pro- 
 ject like the quills of the h.cdgchog. 
 
 EOHI'NOPS) from ex^i°i, 'hedgehog,' and 
 fcjii', 'appearance.' Crocodil' ion, Acanthal'zuca, 
 Scahio'sa carduifu'lia, SphcarocepiWula ela'tior, 
 Echi' no2)us,Eehinops SphcBroceph'alus. The globe 
 thistle. The root and seeds are reputed to bo 
 moderately diuretic. 
 
 ECHINOPUS, Echinops. 
 ECHINUS SCANDENS, Allamanda. 
 ECHOS, Sound, Tinnitus aurium. 
 ECHOSCOPE, Auscultation. 
 ECHOSCOPIUM, Stethescope. 
 ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra- 
 uterine. 
 
 ECLACTIS'MA, Eclamp'sis, Eclamp'sia, Epi- 
 lamjj'sis, Effulgescen'tia, irom cKXaKTii^ia, 'I kick.' 
 Epilepsy is often accompanied with flashings of 
 light; and hence Hippocrates has used the last 
 two words for epilepsy. They have all been ap- 
 plied to the convulsions of children. 
 
 ECLAIRE, Chelidonium majus — L Petite, 
 Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 ECLAMP'SIA, Convulsion : also, the convul- 
 sions of children, Eclamp'sia infan'tum, Epilep'- 
 sia acn'ta infan'tum, E. fehri'lis infan'tum', E. 
 pueri'lis, (F.) Convulsions des Enfans, Eclampaie. 
 Eclamp'sia Gravida'rum et Partueien'- 
 TIDM ; Puerperal Convulsions, (F.) Oonvtdsiona 
 desfemmes enceintes et en couche. Convulsions of 
 pregnant and parturient women. 
 
 Eclampsia Infantum, see Eclampsia — e. Nu- 
 tans, Convulsion, Salaam — e.Typhodes,Raphania. 
 ECLAMPSIE EES ENFANS, Eclampsia 
 infantum. 
 
 ECLECTIC, (PHYSICIANS,) Eclec'tici 
 Med' id, from siicXtyu), 'I choose.' A sect of phy- 
 sicians, who professed to choose, from other sects, 
 all the opinions which appeared to them best 
 founded. Agathinus of Sparta, master of Archi- 
 genes of Apamasa, in Syria, was its reputed 
 founder; and Archigenes and Aretteus were it? 
 greatest ornaments. The doctrine was called 
 Eclec'tism, Eclectis'miis, Medici 'na eclec'tica. 
 Eclectic med'icine. Every judicious physician 
 must be an eclectic, 
 
 ECLECTISM, see Eclectic. 
 ECLEC'TOS, Eclig'ma, Elig'ma, Elix'is, Lam- 
 biti'vum, Linctus, Linctua'riu7n, from ikXixio, 'I 
 lick.' (F.) Looch. A medicine, of a thick, sy- 
 rupy consistence, chiefly used to allay cough, and 
 consisting of pectoral remedies. It was formerly 
 sucked from the end of a liquorice stick, made 
 into a kind of pencil ; hence itS name Linctus, 
 from lingere, ' to lick.' Although the linctus is 
 usually exhibited in thoracic affections, it may 
 have tonic virtues combined with it. 
 
 ECLEGMA ALBUM, Looch album— e. Gum- 
 moso-oleosum, Looch album. 
 ECLEIPISIS, Exfoliation. 
 ECLEPISIS. Desquamation. 
 ECLEPISITREPANON, Exfoliative trepan. 
 ECLIGMA, Eclectos. 
 ECLIMIA, Boulimia. ' 
 
 ECLIPSIS, Syncope. 
 ECLISSE, Splint. 
 ECLYSES, Adynamia. 
 
 EC'LYSIS, Exsolu'tio ; from ckXvw, 'Iloosen.' 
 Resolution, prostration of strength ; faintness. 
 EcLYsis Pneumo-carpiaca, Asphyxia. 
 ECMYZESIS, Exsuctio. 
 ECNCEA, Dementia. 
 JiCOLE, School. 
 
 ECON'OMY, QiJeono'mia, from oixia, ' a house, 
 , a family,' and vc/iu), ' I rule.' By *'he toi-m xni. 
 
MCORCE 
 
 312 
 
 ECTOPIA 
 
 mal economy is understood,— the aggregate of the 
 liiws which govern the organism. The word eco- 
 nomy is, also, used for the aggregate of parts 
 which constitute man or animals. 
 
 ECORCE, Cortex — e. Cariocostine, Canella 
 alba — e. de Saint Lucie, Cinchonae Caribaeae cor- 
 tex — e. de IVinte); see Wintera aromatica — e. 
 Fausse de Winter, Canella alba. 
 
 EGORCHURES, Chafing, Excoriation. 
 
 EGOULEMENT, Discharge, Gonorrhoea — ^. 
 Bla.ic, Leueorrhoea — L de Sung par I'Intestin, 
 Haematochezia. 
 
 EGOUVILLON, see EconviHonnement. 
 
 ECOUVILLONNE^fENT (F.), from icou- 
 villon, 'a kind of mop, the sponge of a gun.' A 
 term used by the French therapeutists for the 
 act of cleansing or applying remedies to a part 
 by means of a mop or brush fixed to the end of a 
 piece of whalebone. Such mop or brush is 
 termed EcouviUon. 
 
 ECPHLOGOSIS, Inflammation. 
 
 ECPHLYSIS, Vesicula— e. Herpes, Hei-pes— 
 e. Herpes circinatus, Herpes circinatus — e. Her- 
 pes exedens. Herpes exedens — e. Herpes miliaris. 
 Herpes phlyctsenodes — e. Herpes zoster. Herpes 
 zoster — e. Pompholyx, Pompholyx — e. Rhypia, 
 Rupia. 
 
 ECPHRACTIC, Deobstruent. 
 
 ECPHRAX'IS, from cKtppa<T(T(ii, '1 remove ob- 
 struction.' The action of ecphractic or deob- 
 struent remedies. 
 
 ECPHRONIA, Insanity— e. Melancholia, Me- 
 lancholy. 
 
 ECPHYAS, Appendix vermiformis caeci. 
 
 ECPHYMA, Excrescence, Tumour — e. Callus, 
 Callosity — e. Caruncula, Caruncle — e. Clavus, 
 Corn — e. (Edeniaticum, (Edema, Phlegmatia do- 
 lens — e. Phj'sconia, Physconia — e. Trichoma, 
 Plica — e. Verruca, Verruca. 
 
 ECPHYMATA, Rubeola. 
 
 ECPHYSE'SIS, Effla'tio, Effla'tus, from tK<t>v- 
 cau), ' I breathe through.' Exsuffl.a' tio. A quick 
 and forced expulsion of air from the lungs. 
 
 ECPHYSIS, Apophysis— e. Ventriculi, Duo- 
 denum. 
 
 ECPIES'MA, from exmi^o}, ' I compress.' Ef- 
 fractxi'ra, Impac'tion, Deces'aio. A fracture of 
 the cranium, with depression of the fragments 
 and compression of the brain. 
 
 ECPIES'MOS, Expres'sio, Ex'itus, Ecpies'- 
 mon, same etymon. Celsus uses these words to 
 signify the forcing of the eye from the orbitar 
 cavity, with apparent but not real augmentation 
 of the organ. See Exophthalmia. 
 
 ECPLERO'MA, from «, and Tz\tpoio, '1 fill.' 
 A cushion, a pad. Hippocrates means, by this 
 term, a small pad or ball of leather, or other 
 substance intended to fill the hollow of the arm- 
 pit ; used probably in reducing luxations of the 
 shoulder. 
 
 ECPLEXIA, Stupor. 
 
 ECPLEXIS, Stupor. 
 
 ECPNEUMATOSIS, Expiration. 
 
 ECPNEUSIS, Expiration. 
 
 ECPNOE, Expiration. 
 
 ECPTO'MA, Ecpto'sia, Exciden'tia ; from «- 
 jriTTTw, ' I fall out.' This word has been used in 
 various senses. 1. Synonymously with luxation. 
 2 For the separation of gangrenous parts. 3. 
 For the expulsion of the secundines. 4. For the 
 iirolapsus of the womb : and 5. For intestinal or 
 omental hernia, &c. 
 
 ECPTOSIS, Luxation. 
 
 ECPYCTICA, Incrassantia. 
 
 ECPYEMA, Abscess, Suppuration, Empyema, 
 
 ECPYESIS, AbscesSy Empyema, Pustule — e. 
 
 Impetigo, Impetigo — e. Porrigo, Porrigo — e. Por- 
 rigo Crustacea, Porrigo larvalis — e. Porrigo favosa, 
 Porrigo favosa — e. Porrigo furfuraoea, Porrigo 
 furfurans — e. Porrigo galeata, Porrigo scutulata 
 — e. Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo lupin osa — e. Sca- 
 bies, Psora. 
 
 ECPYETICUS, Suppurative. 
 
 ECPYISCONTUS, Suppurative. 
 
 EGRE VISSE, Crab. 
 
 EC REX' IS, Ruptu'ra, from tK^-nyvvitt, 'to 
 break.' Rupture, laceration. 
 
 ECRHYTH'MUS, w, and f)«5/iof, 'rhythm.' 
 A term applied to the pulse, particularly when 
 irregular. — Galen. 
 
 ECROE, Discharge. 
 
 EGROVELLES, Scrofula — e. Mesenteriqves, 
 Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 EC'RYSIS, from EKptoj, 'I run from.' A dis- 
 charge. 
 
 ECSARCO'MA, from ck, and irapf, 'flesh.' A 
 fleshy excrescence of various kinds. See Fun- 
 gosity and Sarcoma. 
 
 ECSESMA, Eczema. 
 
 EC'STASIS, from i^turafiai, 'I am beside my- 
 self.' An ec'stasy or trance, Garus ec'staais, Gat'- 
 oclius, Ex'stasis, Gatalep'sia spu'ria, Hyperplexie, 
 (F.) Exfase. A state in which certain ideas so 
 completely absorb the mind, that the external 
 sensations are suspended, the voluntary move- 
 ments arrested, and even the vital action re- 
 tarded. In catalepsy, there is, in addition, com- 
 plete suspension of the intellectual faculties. 
 This last condition is in general described as 
 trance. See, also, luxation. 
 
 ECSTROPHE, Exstrophia. 
 
 ECTASIA, Aneurism — e. Venarum, Varix. 
 
 EC'TASIS, Extension, Expansion. 
 
 Ec'tasis I'ridis, is the extension or expansion 
 of the iris, which occasions diminution of the 
 pupil. 
 
 ECTEXIS, Colliquation. 
 
 ECTHETOBREPHOTROPHEUM, Brepho- 
 tropheum. 
 
 ECTHLIM'MA, Exulcera' tio, from sic&\il3u, '1 
 express,' ' I bruise.' Attrition. Chafings, or 
 excoriations, produced by external violence. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ECTHLIPSIS, Expression. 
 
 ECTHYMA or ECTHY'MA, from ck&vw, 'I 
 break out.' Ecpye'sia, Phlysis ecthyma, Phlyza'- 
 cia a'gria, Sca'hiea Vera, Furiin'culi aton'ici, 
 (P.) Dartre crustacee, D. fonguense. A cutane- 
 ous eruption, characterized by large round pus- 
 tules, always distinct and seated upon an indu- 
 rated and highly inflamed base. In the course 
 of a day or two the pustules generally break, and 
 olive-brown incrustations are formed which ad- 
 here firmly to the skin. These separate in about 
 a fortnight. The disease requires the antiphlo- 
 gistic treatment. Under the Ecthymata, Vogel 
 has designated certain hard, unequal tumours, 
 which appear transitorily on the skin. See Ef- 
 florescence, Exanthem, and Pustule. 
 
 ECTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra- 
 uterine. 
 
 ECTILLOTICUS, Depilatory, 
 
 ECTILMOS, Evulsion. 
 
 ECTOME, Castration, Eccope, Entaille, Ex- 
 cision. 
 
 ECTOMIA, Castration, Eccope. 
 
 ECTOMIUS, Castratus. 
 
 ECTONION, Helleborus niger. 
 
 ECTOPARASITES, Epizoa. 
 
 ECTOP'IA, Ecto2}'isis, Ectopismus, Enfoce'le, 
 from £<cT0T0f, 'out of place.' Morbid displace- 
 ment of parts. See Luxation. 
 
ECTOPOCYSTICUS 
 
 313 
 
 EFFERENT 
 
 Ectopia Ani, Proctocele. 
 
 Ectopia Cordis, Cardianas'troph?.. Displace- 
 ment, dislocation, or unnatural position of the 
 heart. 
 
 Ectopia Hebniosa, Hernia. 
 
 ECTOPOCYS'TICUS, from tKToiro;, 'out of 
 place,' and Kvanq, ' bladder.' A disease depend- 
 ent upon displacement of the bladder. 
 
 ECTOPROTIC, Eccoprotic. 
 
 ECTOZO'A, Extozo'a, Extozoa'ria, (F.) Exto- 
 zoaires. Parasitic animals that infest the exterior 
 of the body, — as lice. A term -which, like Hel- 
 imn'fhia errat'ica and Pscudohclmin'thes, is ap- 
 plied to worms or larves of insects that hare 
 been introduced into the intestinal canal by ac- 
 cident. Animalcules, most frequently swallowed, 
 are the hairworm, leech, grub of the fly, caddy 
 insect — Phalm'na penguina'lis ; the larve of the 
 bee, the spider, the triton palus'tris, lacer'ta 
 aquat'ica, &c. In animals, hots are produced by 
 swallowing the ova of the cestrns or gadfly. See 
 Helmiuthia erratica. 
 
 ECTRIM'MA, from s/crpi/Jw, ' I rub off.' Ul- 
 ceration of the skin ; and particularly that which 
 arises from the pressure of the bed on different 
 parts of the body, after a protracted confinement. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 ECTRODACTYL'IA; from tKrpwci';, 'abortion,' 
 and &aKT\i\og, 'a finger.' A malformation, in which 
 one or more fingers or toes are wanting. 
 
 ECTROMA, Abortion. 
 
 ECTRO'MELES; from E/crpaxri?, 'abortion,' 
 and jicXog, 'a limb.' A genus of monsters, in 
 which the limbs are nearly or altogether deficient, 
 a.s in the ordinary cetacea.- — ^J. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 EC'TROPE, Divertic'idum, from wrpETrw, 'I 
 turn oft',' ' divert.' Any duct by which peccant 
 or morbific matter was supposed to be drawn off. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 ECTROP'ION, same etymon. Ecfrop'ium, 
 Ever'sio pal'pebrcB, Bleiiharopyto' s-is Ectro'pium, 
 Blepharoto'ais, Pal'pehrce infe'rior extror'sum 
 Jlexa, Divarica'tio seu Reflex'io seu Reclina'tio 
 palpehra'rum, (F.) Eraillement des Paupikres, 
 Ilenversement des Paupieres. Eversion of the 
 e3'elids, so that they do not completely cover the 
 globe of the eye. It happens more commonly to 
 the lower than to the upper eyelid. It may be 
 owing to the retraction of the skin, after the cure 
 of an ulcer, wound, or burn of the eyelid ; or it 
 may depend on tumefaction or relaxation of the 
 conjunctiva. In the majority of cases, removal 
 of a portion of the conjunctiva will effect a cure; 
 but there are many which defy the efforts of art. 
 The ancients called Ectropion of the upper eyelid 
 lagoplithalmia. 
 
 ECTROSIS, Abortion. 
 
 ECTROSMOS, Abortion. 
 
 ECTROT'IC, from VKTqu>iia, (ex, and TirpiaaKO), 
 * I wound,') 'abortion.' Eotrot'icus, Abortive. An 
 epithet applied to methods for preventing the 
 development or causing the abortion of any dis- 
 ease — as of chancres by the use of caustic ; 
 emall-pox pustules by the use of mercurial oint- 
 ment, &o. 
 
 ECTYLOTICUS, Oatheretic. 
 
 ECTYMPANOSIS, Tympanites. 
 
 ECUMEUX, Frothy. 
 
 ECUSSONS. ' Escutcheons or shields.' Plas- 
 ters spread upon the skin ; or small bags — sachets 
 — of the shape of escutcheons, filled with odorous 
 powders, which are applied on the skin. See 
 Sachet. 
 
 ECZEMA, from e-c^cw, 'I boil oat,' 'I effer- 
 vesce.' Eczes'ma, Ecses'ma, Pus'tida ardens, Cij- 
 tie'ma Eczema, Humid Tetter, Running Scall, 
 
 (F.) Dartre squammense humide, D. inve, Gale 
 epidemique. Heat eruption. An eruption of small 
 vesicles on various parts of the skin, usually sf^ 
 close or crowded together; with little or no in- 
 flammation around their bases, and unattended 
 by fever. 
 
 Ec'zEMA Mercuria'le, Ec'zema ruhrvm, Ery- 
 the'ma mercuria'le, E. ichoro'sum, Hydraryyr'ia, 
 IIi/drar(/i/ ro' nis, Hydraryyri' asis, Ilurbus mercu- 
 ria'lis, Mercu' rial lepra. A variety of eczema, 
 arising from the irritation of mercurj'. The treat- 
 ment is chiefly palliative, consisting in ablution 
 with mucilaginous infusions or decoctions ; mild 
 dressings, where the cuticle has exfoliated; avoid- 
 ing all irritation ; keeping the bowels open; with 
 the use of sulphuric acid and cinchona. The 
 Ec'zema Impetigino'des, Gall, or Grocer's Itch, ia 
 produced by the irritation of sugar. 
 
 EczEJiA OP THE Face, at an advanced stage, 
 and occurring in young children, has been de- 
 scribed under the names Criista lactea and Por- 
 rigo larvalis. 
 
 Eczeaia of the Hairy Scalp is often con- 
 founded with other affections, under the names 
 Porrigo and Tinea, which are pustular, not vesi- 
 cular, in then- form. It occurs during dentition, 
 and even afterwards, and the discharge is so pro- 
 fuse, that the head appears as if dipped in some 
 glutinous liquid. By and by, the secretion dries 
 into crusts and mats the hair into little separate 
 tufts. The scalp gives evidence of inflammatory 
 excitement, and the lymphatic ganglions of the 
 neck are apt to become inflamed and suppurate. 
 A variety of humid scalled head, in which the 
 humour from the excoriated surface runs down 
 upon the hairs, and encloses them in little silvery 
 pellicles or sheaths, has received the name Asbes- 
 tos Scall. 
 
 Eczema Rubrum, Eczema mercuriale. 
 ECZEMATO'SES, (G.) Eczematosen, same 
 etymon. A family of diseases, in the classifica- 
 tion of Fuchs, including morbid conditions of the 
 cutaneous secretions — as of the perspiration, se- 
 baceous and colouring matters, <tc., and hence 
 many chronic cutaneous aft'ections. His subdi- 
 visions are, ephidroses, smegmorrhoea, acarpa, 
 polycarptc. and monocarpa. 
 ECZESIS, Effervescens. 
 ECZESMA, Eczema, Lichen tropicus. 
 EDEMATOUS, (Edematous. 
 EDENTATUS, Edentulus. 
 EDENTULI, Nefrendes. 
 
 EDEN'TULOUS, Eden'tnlus, Edenta'tus, from 
 e, and dens, dentis, 'a tooth.' ^ An'odus, Carens 
 den'tibiis, Nodes, Nodus, (F.) JEdente. One with- 
 out teeth. This defect can only be remedied by 
 artificial means. See Nefrendes. 
 EDERA, Hedera helix. 
 EDIBLE, Esculent. 
 EDUCATIO INFANTUM, Pajdia. 
 EDULCORA'TION, Glycan'sis, Edulcora'tio, 
 from edulcorare, (dulcis, 'sweet,') 'to sweeten,' 
 'to render mild.' An operation, the object of 
 which is to deprive a substance of its acrid and 
 disagreeable taste, or at least to disguise it. Also, 
 the addition of a saccharine substance to a me- 
 dicine, whose taste it is desirable to modify 
 agreeably. 
 
 EDULE, Comestible. 
 EDULIS, Comestible. 
 
 EF'FERENT, ^/■^ere?!*, Centrifugal, Exod'ie. 
 from effero, (e, oxiA ferro,) 'I carry,' 'transport.' 
 Conveying outwards, as from the centre to tho 
 periphery. 
 
 Vasa efferen'tia are those lymphatics, which 
 issue from the lymphatic glands \<> convey their" 
 
EFFERVESCENCE 
 
 314 
 
 EISTHANTHEMA 
 
 lymph to the thoracic duct; so called to distin- 
 guish theui from those which pass to those glands, 
 and which have been termed vasa offeren'tia. 
 Also, nerves are so called that conye.y the ner- 
 Viius influence from the nervous centres to the 
 circumference. See Afferent. 
 
 At the upper extremity of the mediastinum 
 tC'Stis, the ducts of the rete testis terminate in 
 from 9 to .30 small ducts, called vasa efferentia, 
 which form the Com vriscalo'isi. 
 
 EFFERVES'CENCE, Efferresren'tia, Zcsis, 
 Uc'gesis, from effervescere, (e, tmd feri'cscere,) 'to 
 prow hoL' That agitation, which is produced by 
 the escape of gas through a liquid, independently 
 of the heat of the mixture ; such, for instance, as 
 results from the mixture of acetic acid and car- 
 bonate of potassa. 
 
 In Pathulofji/ it has a similar signification. It 
 expresses, in the language of the humourists, a 
 sort of ebullition in the fluids of the living body, 
 produced either by elevation of temperature or 
 by the reaction on each other of the principles 
 contained in the fluids in circulation. 
 
 EFFETUS, Impoverished. 
 
 EFFICA'CIOUS, Ef'ficax, from efficeve, {e, 
 and /acere,) 'to accomplish.' That which pro- 
 duces a great effect, — as ' an efficacious remedy.' 
 
 Jfedici'na efficax, La Medecine efficace, is a 
 term sometimes applied to surgery. 
 
 EFFILA, Ephelides. 
 
 EFFLATIO, Ecphysesis. 
 
 EFFLATUS, Ecphysesis. 
 
 EFFLORATIO, Exanthem. 
 
 EFPLORES'CENCE, Efflora'tio, Effloreacen'- 
 tin, from effiorencere, (e, 0,116. florescere,) 'to blow 
 as a flower.' Strihili'go, Ecthy'ma. The conver- 
 sion of a solid substance into a pulverulent state 
 by exposure to the air. In salts this is generally 
 owing to the loss of a part of their water of cry- 
 stallization. 
 
 In Pathology, efSorescence has the same mean- 
 ing as exanthema; and, in the nosology of Sau- 
 vages, the name is given to that order of diseases. 
 Sometimes, it is confined to the cutaneous blush, 
 the exaitthe'sis of Good. 
 
 EFFL ORESCENCE ER Y SIP EL A TE USE, 
 Eoseolae. 
 
 EFFLORESCE^s^TIA, Exanthem. 
 
 EFFLORESCENTI^, JElevures. 
 
 EFFLUVIUM, Emanation — e. Latrinarium, 
 Mitte — e. Palustre, Miasm, Marsh. 
 
 EFFLUXION, Abortion. 
 
 EFFORT, (e, and/orfw, 'strong.) Nism, Co- 
 va'ttis, Veira. A muscular contraction of greater 
 or less strength, the object of which is, either to 
 resist an external force, or to accomplish a func- 
 tion, which has become naturally laborious : — 
 such are, the act of pushing away, or of drawing 
 a body toward us, and the more or less painful 
 efforts used by the mother to cause the expulsion 
 of the foetus. In France, the word effort is often 
 used synonymously with hernia; and signifies, 
 likewise, the painful twitches of muscles, occa- 
 sioned by over-exertion, or by the rupture of 
 Some of their fleshy fibres. Sauvages calls Efforts 
 a^« reins, Lumba'cfo ct nisn, the pain in the loins 
 occasioned by bearing too heavy a burden. 
 
 EFFORT, Herniate, des Reins, see Effort. 
 
 EFFOSSIO, Exhumation. 
 
 EFPRACTURA, Ecpiesma. 
 
 Effractd'ra Cranii, Enthln'sis Cra'nii,'FTa.c- 
 lare of the Cranium, with depression. — Par6. 
 EFFRENITATIO, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 EFFUS'IO, Effusion— e. Seminis Ejaculation. 
 
 'EFFV'&IO'K, Effu'sio,Ec'chysi8, from ejfundere, 
 {e, and fundere,) 'to pour out.' (F.) Epanche- 
 mcnt, {Infiltration is the term generally employed 
 
 for effusion into the areolar membrane.) The 
 pouring out of blood or of any other fluid into 
 the areolar membrane, or into the cavities of the 
 body. The effusion of serum or of coagidahle 
 lymph, for instance, is a common result of inflam- 
 mation of serous membranes. 
 EGARE, Wild. 
 
 EGAREMENT D'ESPRIT, Delirium, In- 
 sanity. 
 
 EUER, MINERAL WATERS OF THE. In 
 the valley of the Eger, at the western extremity 
 of Bohemia, there are several acidulous springs. 
 One of the most frequented of these is Franzens- 
 bad. 
 
 EGE'RIA. In ancient mythology, a nymph 
 to whom pregnant females offered sacrifices ut 
 cdnceptus alvus facilius egerettir. By some, sup- 
 posed to have been identical with Lucina. 
 
 EGESTA, see Excretion. 
 
 EGESTAS, Want. 
 
 EGESTIO, Defecation, Dejection, Excretion. 
 
 EGG-BRANDY, see Ovum. 
 
 EGG PLANT, Solanum melongena — e. White 
 of, Albumen ovi. 
 
 EGLANTIER BE CHIEN, Rosa canina— «. 
 Sauvaqe, Rosa canina. 
 
 EGOBRONCHOPHONY, see Egophony. 
 
 EGOPHONE, Egophony. 
 
 EGOPH'ONIC, JEgopho'nicus, (F.) Egopho- 
 nique. Same etymon as the next. Having the 
 character of. or relating to, egophony. 
 
 EGOPHONIQUE, Egophonic. 
 
 EGOPH'ONY, ^gojiho'nia, from ojf, 'a goat,' 
 and (piavri, 'voice.' Cajjrilo'quium, Tmgopho'nia, 
 Goat's Voice, Bleating Voice, (F.) Voix chevro- 
 tante, V. egophonique, V. de PolicJiinelle, V. se- 
 nile, Pectoriloquie chevrotante. Laennec has de- 
 signated by this name, the kind of resonance of the 
 voice heard through the stethoscope, when we ex- 
 amine the chest of one labouring under moderate 
 effusion into one of the pleurae. The voice, which 
 strikes the ear through the cylinder, is more 
 sharp and harsh than usual, and tremulous and 
 broken, like that of the goat. The patient him- 
 self is called Egophone. Bouillaud affirms that 
 the 'bronchial and bleating voice,' (egohroncho- 
 phonie) is the principal symptom of pleuropneu- 
 monia, Egophony exists, however, in cases of 
 hejxitization where there is no pleural disease. 
 
 EGREGOR'SIS, Vigil'ia, VigtH'ce, Vigihin'tio, 
 Vigiln'tio, Vigil'ium, from tyocyopto), ' I watch.' 
 Watchfulness. A morbid want of sleep. — Galen. 
 
 EGRESSUS VENTRICULI, Pylorus. 
 
 EIDOS, £i6os, 'form, resemblance.' The ti is 
 oft«n changed into w, at the termination of a 
 word. Thus, Hcemato'i' des or Hmmato' des. 
 
 EILAMIDES, Meninges. 
 
 EILE'MA, from jriAco?, R'evg, (ei'Xtu, 'I roll,') 
 ' a convolution.' Vogel has given this name to 
 a fixed pain, occupying some portion of the in- 
 testinal canal, which the patient compares to the 
 sensation that would be produced by a nail driven 
 into the part. 
 
 EILEON, Ileon. 
 
 EILEUS, Ileus. 
 
 EILOID, (Tujnour,) Eildt' des, from u'Xc(^, '1 
 roll,' and tiSos, 'resemblance.' A morbid growth 
 of the cutis, coiled or folded. 
 
 EILSEN, MINERAL ABATERS OF. Eilson 
 is about six German miles from Hanover, at the 
 foot of the Harrclberg. It has eleven springs, 
 of which seven are sulphureous and four chaly- 
 beate. 
 
 EISANTHE'MA, Exanthe'ma inter'num, En. 
 tanthe'ma, from tif, 'within,' and nv6n/"i, ' efllo- 
 rescence.' An eruption on a mucous membrane; 
 — aphthae, for example. 
 
EISBOLE 
 
 315 
 
 ELECTRICITY 
 
 EISBOLE, Attack, Injection. 
 
 EISPNOE, Inspiration. 
 
 EJACULATIO, Ejaculation — e. Seminis Im- 
 pedita, Bradyspermatismus. 
 
 EJACULA'TION, Ejacnla'tio, from e, andja- 
 cnlare, — itself from /(rcerc, 'to throw.' Gonohol'ia, 
 Gonobolis'mus, Ejaculotio sen Profu'sio sen Effn'- 
 st'o Sem'inis, E.rpatra'tio, Patra'tio, Spermoh'ole. 
 The emission of sperm. The act, by which that 
 fluid is darted out through the urethra. 
 
 E.IAC'ULATOR. Same etymon. That which 
 effects the emission of sperm. See Transversus 
 perinrei. 
 
 E.TACTTLATOR Sf.minis. Accelerator nrinse. 
 
 EJAC'ULATORY, Ejacula'torim, EJac'ulans: 
 same etymon. Concerned in the ejaculation of 
 sperm. 
 
 EjACTTi.ATonY Ducts or Caxals, (F.) Condw'fs 
 ou Ganaux ejaculafenrs. are formed by the union 
 of the vasa deferentia with the ducts of the vesi- 
 oula3 seminales. They open at the lateral and ante- 
 rior parts of tlie vernmontanum, and convey into 
 the urethra the sperm which is discharged from 
 the vesiculse, as well as that which comes directly 
 from the testicle by the vas deferens. Between 
 them there is often a depression, sometimes of a 
 large size, which is termed Utric'uhis, Vesi'ca seu 
 vesic'ula prnstaf'ica sen S!niin pocnla'ris, which 
 has been regarded as the analogue to the uterus 
 in the female, and thence called V terns mascu- 
 li'nns. 
 
 EJECTIO. Excretion— e. Fa-cum, Defecation. 
 
 EJECTION, Ejec'tio. from ejicere, (e, and /o- 
 cere,) 'to throw out or eject.' The excretion of 
 the freces, urine, sputa, &c, 
 
 EL NISPERO, Sapota. 
 
 ELABORA'TION, Elahora'tio, from e, and 
 Inhm-nr/;, 'to work.' This word is used, by phy- 
 siolo-^ists, to signify the various changes which 
 substances susceptible of assimilation xxndergo, 
 through the action of living organs, before they 
 are capable of serving for nutrition. The food is 
 said to be ehihorafed in the stomach during the 
 formation of chyme : the chyme is elaborated in 
 the .small intestine before it is chyle, <S;c. 
 
 ELiEA, Olea Europaa. 
 
 EL^AGNUS, Myrica gale — e. Cordo, Myrica 
 gale. 
 
 ELiEOCARPUS COPALIFERA, Copal. 
 
 EL^OM'ELI, from iXatnv, 'oil.' and //£>(, 
 'honey.' Dioscorides means, by this, an oil 
 thicker than honey, and of a sweet taste, which 
 flows from the trunk of a tree in Syria. It is 
 acrid and purgative ; and sometimes occasions 
 serious symptoms, according to that author. — 
 Gorrseus. 
 
 EL^OM'ETER, from tXaiov, 'oil.' and ftcTpov, 
 'measure.' A very delicate glass hydrometer, for 
 testing the purity of olive or almond oil, by de- 
 termining their densities. The or zero of the 
 scale is the point at which the instrument floats 
 in the oil of poppy seeds. In pure olive oil, it 
 floats at 50°, and the space between these points 
 is divided into .50 equal parts, and numbered ac- 
 cordingly. It floats at 38° or 3SJ° in pure oil of 
 almonds. 
 
 EL^OTs", Oil. 
 
 ELiEOPH'ANES, from eXaiov, 'oil,' and fatvo- 
 fini, 'I appenr.' That which has the appearance 
 of oil ; as Uri'nn. elcgnph'anes. 
 
 EL^O-SAC'CHARUM, from c\atov, 'oil,' and 
 aaKxap, ' sugar.' O'len-Sac'charum, EaVunrno- 
 Sac'charvm. A medicine, composed of essential 
 oil and sugar. It was made by pouring upon an 
 ounce of sugar, reduced to an impalpable pow- 
 der, ^ss or 3j of an essential oil ; the mixture 
 
 being triturated until the two substances were 
 perfectly united. — Rolfink. 
 
 ELAIN, see Pinguedo. 
 
 ELAIS GUINEENSIS, see Cocos butyracear— 
 e. Occidentalis, see Cocos butyracea. 
 
 ELAN, Cervus alces. 
 
 ELANOEMENT, see Lancinating. 
 
 ELAPHOBOSCUM, Pastinaca sativa. 
 
 ELAPIIRIUM ELEMIFERUM, see Amyris 
 elemifera — e. Tomentosum, Fagara octandi-a. 
 
 ELAPSUS, Luxation. 
 
 ELAS'MA, from cXawuii 'I drive up.' A clyster 
 pipe. — Linden. 
 
 ELASTES, Elasticity. 
 
 ELASTICITY, Elastic" itns, El'ater, Elas'teo, 
 El'ates, Vis elas'tica, Tone, Tonic"ity, (F.) Oon- 
 tractilite de Tissti, Coiitraetiiite par defaut d'e.e- 
 tension, from tXavvtii, *I impel.' The property by 
 which certain bodies return to their proper size 
 and shape, where these have been modified by- 
 pressure or otherwise. It is possessed by the 
 dead as well as by the living solid. 
 
 ELATE, Pinus picea — e. Theleia, Pinus rubra. 
 
 ELATER, Elasticity. 
 
 ELATERINE, see Momordica elaterium. 
 
 ELATERIUM, Extractum elaterii, Momordica 
 elaterium — e. Cordifolium, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 ELATES, Elasticity. 
 
 ELATIN, see Momordica elaterium. 
 
 ELATINE, Antirhinum elatine — e. Cymbala- 
 ria, Antirhinum linaria — e. Hastata, Antirhinum 
 elatine. 
 
 ELBOW, Sax, elbo^a, from ell, and how ; the 
 bend of the ulna. Cu'bitus, Ancon, Pechys, Ulna, 
 Umbo, (F.) Coude. This word, abstractedly, 
 means the angle formed by the union of two 
 straight bodies. It is particularly applied to the 
 articulation of the arm with the forearm, and 
 especially to the projection formed by the ole- 
 cranon process at the posterior part of the joint. 
 
 Elbow, Miners', see Miners' Elbow. 
 
 ELCOMA, Ulcer. 
 
 ELCO'SIS, Helco'sis, Elco'ma, Belco'ma, from 
 'i.\Kog, ' an ulcer.' Ulceration in general. An 
 ulcer. A deep ulceration of the cornea, in con- 
 sequence of a blow or of violent inflammation. — • 
 Galen, Pare. 
 
 Sauvages applies the term to a state of the 
 body, in which there are numerous ulcerations of 
 an obstinate character, complicated with caries, 
 putrescency, low fever, &e. 
 
 ELCUSTER, Embryulcus. 
 
 ELDER, Sambucus — e. Common, Sambucus 
 Canadensis — e. Dwarf, Aralia hispida, Sambucus 
 ebulus — e. Prickly, Aralia spinosa. 
 
 ELECAMPANE, Inula helenium. 
 
 ELECTRICITAS, Electricity — e. Aninialis, 
 Galvanism — e. Galvanica., Galvanism — e. Metal- 
 lica, Galvanism. 
 
 ELECTRICITY, Electric" itas, from vXixrpov, 
 'amber,' — the substance in which it was first no- 
 ticed. Electricity is used medicinally as an ex- 
 citant. It has been occasionally employed with 
 success in paralysis, rheumatism, accidental deaf- 
 ness, amaurosis, amenorrhoea, &c., but it is un- 
 certain, and not much used ; and the cases are not 
 always clear in which it could be of service. 
 It may be communicated by means of the electric 
 bath — Pain etectrique, as it has been called; 
 which consists in placing the patient upon an 
 isolated stool, and connecting him with the prime 
 conductor, of which he thus becomes a part. The 
 fluid may be communicated by points, sparks, or 
 by shocks, according to the required intensity. 
 
 Eli-ctricity, Chemical, Galvanism — e. Con- 
 tact. Galvanism — e. Magnetic, Electro-Magno- 
 tism — e. Voltaic, Galvanism. 
 
ELECTRIFY 
 
 316 
 
 ELEYAfEtR 
 
 BLUC'TRIFT, from electric, and /o, 'I 
 make.' (F.) Electriser. To produce the electri- 
 cal condition in a body, or to render it suscep- 
 tible of producing electrical phenomena. It is 
 often used to signify the act of communicating 
 the electric fluid to man. 
 
 ELECTRISER, to electrify. 
 
 ELECTRO'DES, from vXcktoov, ' amber,' and 
 uhoi, ' resemblance.' An epithet for evacuations, 
 which shine like amber. — Hippocrates. — Focsius. 
 
 ELECTRO -MAG'NETISM, Magnet'ic dec 
 tric"ity. An electro-magnetic apparatus is occa- 
 sionally used in cases of paralysis. A convenient 
 form consists of a battery of six curved perma- 
 nent magnets, and an intensity armature, around 
 whose cylinders 1500 yards of line insulated 
 copper wire are coiled. The ends of the wire 
 communicate respectively, with a pair of directors, 
 each of which holds a piece of sponge, dipped in 
 vinegar or a solution of common salt. When 
 the armature is rotated, and a portion of the 
 body is interposed between the directors, a suc- 
 cession of shocks is received. 
 
 ELECTROPUNC'TURE,£'Zec<rqp!«?ci;«r«'f;on, 
 Electrostix' is, Gal'vanopnncttire. The operation 
 of inserting two or more wires, and then connec- 
 ting them to the poles of the galvanic apparatus. 
 
 ELECTROSTIXIS, Electropuncture. 
 
 ELECTRUM, Succinum. 
 
 ELECTUAIRE DENTIFRICE, Dentifrice. 
 
 ELECTUA'RIUM, jE'^ecta'Wum; an Electuary, 
 from eiigere, 'to make choice.' (F.) Elecftiaire. 
 A pharmac-eutical composition of a soft consist- 
 ence, somewhat thicker than honey, and formed 
 of powders, pulps, extracts, syrup, honey, &c. 
 In the London and American Pharmacopoeias, 
 electuaries are called Confections. 
 
 Electuatiium de Aloe, Opiatum mesentericum 
 — e. Aperiens, Confectio sennas — e. Aromaticum, 
 Coufectio aromatica — e. Cassise, Confectio cassias 
 — e. Cassiee fistula;, Confectio cassise — e. Cassine 
 sennffi, Confectio sennas — e. Cassise tamarindatum 
 6eu lenitivum, Confectio cassias — e. Catholicum 
 eommunse, Confectio sennas — e. Cinchonas, Opia- 
 tum febrifugum — e. de Croco emendatum, Confec- 
 tio hyaeinthi — e. Diaprunum, Confectio senna; — 
 e. Eccoproticum, Confectio senn« — e. de Kina 
 kina, Opiatum febrifugum — e. Laxativum, Con- 
 fectio cassias — e. Leniti^iim, Confectio sennre — 
 e. Opiatum, Confectio opii — e. Scammonii, Con- 
 fectio Scammonias — e. e Seammonio, Confectio 
 Bcammonise — e. Sennse, Confectio sennas — e. 
 Senn« compositum, Confectio senna; — e. Sennas 
 cum pulpis, Confectio sennas — e. Thebaicum, Con- 
 fectio opii. 
 
 ELEENCEPHALE, from zUlov, 'oil,' and 
 tyKt(pa\ov, 'encephalon.' A fatty matter found by 
 Couerbe in the encephalic neurine. 
 
 ELELISPHACOS, Salvia. 
 
 EL'EMENT, Elemen'tum, from ancient eleo 
 ■for oleo, 'to grow,' (?) Princip'ium, P. Primiti'- 
 vum, StoeJiei'on. A simple, ultimate constituent 
 or principle in the human body, which forms the 
 basis of a fibre or tissue. Also, a constituent of 
 a compound organ. The ■inorganic elements are 
 (simple principles. An organic element, proxi- 
 mate principle or compound of organization, re- 
 sults from the union of certain inorganic ele- 
 ments. Oxygon, hydrogen, carbon, and azote, 
 (iri! inorganic elements; fibrin, albumen, osma- 
 «ome, <fec., organic elements. 
 
 Elements, Organic, Principles, immediate — 
 6. Sarcous, see Sarcous. 
 
 ELEMENTARY CELL, see Cell. 
 
 ELEMEXTUM ACIDIFICUM, Oxygen. 
 
 ELEAII, Amyris elemifera. 
 
 KLENIUM, inula helenium. 
 
 ELEOSELINUM, Apium petroselinnm. 
 
 ELEPHANTI'ASIS, Elephanti'a, ElepTian- 
 tias'mus, El'epjhas, Laz'ari morhvs v€l malum, 
 Ph(Enic"eu8 niorhus, Phymato' sis Elephanti'asis, 
 from eXtc/iaf, 'an elephant.' Various affections 
 have been described under this name, by adding 
 an epithet. It is ordinarily and generic-ally ap- 
 plied to a condition, in which the skin is thick, 
 livid, rugous, tuberculate, and insensible to feeling. 
 
 Elephantiasis of the Antilles, Baiha'doeg 
 Leg, Glandular disease of Barhadoes, (F.) Jamhes 
 de Barhade, is the Elephantiasis of many writers, 
 Bucne'mia. It is characterized by the leg being 
 enormously tumid and misshapen ; skin thick- 
 ened, livid, and rugose, often scaly ; scrotum, 
 arms, or other parts sometimes participating in 
 the affection. The Bucne'mia Trop'ica, Cochin 
 leg, is an affection of this kind. 
 
 Elephanti'asis Arab'ica, Ifaladie glundu- 
 laire, Ladrerie, Tyri'asis, El'cpihas, ElepjJianli'- 
 asis, E. In'dica, Elephanti'a Ar'ahuia, Lepira 
 Arahum, (of some.) In this the tubercles are 
 chiefly on the face and joints. There is loss of 
 hair, except on the scalp; voice, hoarse and nasal; 
 and the disease is said to be contagious and he- 
 reditary. It most frequently attacks the feet; 
 and gives the lower extremity a fancied resem- 
 blance to the leg of an elephant, whence its 
 name. The seat of the disease seems to be in 
 the lymphatic vessels and glands, and in the sub- 
 cutaneous areolar tissue : the inflammatory con- 
 dition of which is accompanied with general 
 morbid symptoms. Medicine has little or no 
 effect on this loathsome complaint. See Lepra. 
 
 Elephantiasis of Cayenne, Mai rouge de 
 Cayenne, seems to be a variety of Lepra, charac- 
 terized by red and j'ellow spots, occupying the 
 forehead, ears, hands, loins, etc., afterwards ex- 
 tending and becoming scaly, with deformity of 
 the parts where they are seated, particularly of 
 the face ; and ultimatel}' producing cracks, ulcers, 
 caries, and sometimes death. 
 
 Elephantiasis op the Greeks, E. Graeo'- 
 rum, is probably the same disease as Lepra. 
 
 Elephantiasis of India is characterized by 
 red, livid, or yellowish spots, slightly prominent, 
 to which succeed indolent tumours, formed in the 
 areolar texture. At a more advanced period the 
 phalanges swell, and become ulcerated ; the bones 
 of the nose carious, the lips thickened, and ema- 
 ciation gradually carries off the patient. It like- 
 wise belongs to lepra. 
 
 Elephantiasis Italica, Pellagra. 
 
 Elephantiasis of Java is likewise a variety 
 of lepra, characterized by large white tumours 
 on the toes and fingers, resembling scrofulous tu- 
 mefactions. These tumours ulcerate, and the 
 ulcerations spread from the extremities towards 
 the trunk, destroying even the bones. Amputa- 
 tion can alone arrest its progress. The disease 
 is often accompanied by alopecia, and by an 
 eruption of red spots. 
 
 ELEPHANTI'NUM EMPLAS'TRUM, EAt- 
 (bavTivov. An ancient plaster, composed of ■■>(t 
 parts of ceruss, 45 of wax, oil Ibss, water Ibj. — 
 Castelli. Oribasius and Celsus both mention a 
 plaster of this name, but they are by no means 
 similar iii composition. 
 
 ELEPIIANTOMMA, Buphthalmia, 
 
 ELEPIIAN'TOPUS, (F.) Elephantope ; from 
 tkzipas, 'elephant,' and -novi, 'foot.' One affected 
 wifh elephantiasis. 
 
 ELEPHAS, Elephantiasis, Ivory. 
 
 ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum 
 cardamomura. 
 
 E^LEUTERIA, Croton cascarilla. 
 
 ELEVATE UR, Elevator— (?. Commun de VaiU 
 
ELEVATOR 
 
 3ir 
 
 ELIXIR 
 
 dn nez et de la levrc sttperieure. Levator labii sii- 
 perioris alasqiie nasi — e. de I'CEil, Rectus superior 
 oouli — e. de la Paupiere superieure, Levator pal- 
 pebree superioris. 
 
 ELEVA'TOR, from elevare, (e, and levare,) 
 'to lift up.' (F.) Elcvateur. A muscle, whose 
 function it is to raise the part into which it is in- 
 serted. See Levator. 
 
 Elevator, Elevato'rium, Vectis elevato'rius. 
 A name given to different surgical instruments 
 employed for raising portions of bone which 
 have been depressed, for raising and detaching 
 the portion of bone separated by the crown of 
 the trepan, and for removing stumps of teeth. 
 
 Elevator Ani, Levator ani — e. Labii inferio- 
 ris, Levator labii inferioris — e. Labii superioris 
 proprius, Levator labii superioris proprius — e. 
 Labiorum communis, Levator anguli oris — e. 
 Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — e. Patientiffi, Leva- 
 tor scapula — 8. Scapula, Levator scapulEe — e. 
 Testiculi, Cremaster — e. UrethriB, see Trans ver- 
 sus perinai. 
 
 Elevator, Common. This is a mere lever, the 
 end of which is somewhat bent and made rough, 
 in order that it may less readily slip away from 
 the portion of bone which is to be raised. The 
 instrument is used, by forming a fulcrum for it, 
 either on the hand which holds it, or upon the 
 fingers of the other hand ; or by making a fixed 
 point for it on the edge of the opening made with 
 the trephine. 
 
 Elevator of Louis differed from the last only 
 in the circumstance of the screw-peg being united 
 to the bridge by a kind of pivot instead of hinge, 
 so that greater extent of motion was permitted. 
 
 Elevator of Petit consists of a lever mounted 
 on a handle, and straight throughout its whole 
 length, except at its very end, which is slightly 
 curved, in order that it may be more conveni- 
 ently put under the portion of bone intended to 
 be elevated. The lever is pierced at various dis- 
 tances from its but-end with several holes, in- 
 tended for the reception of a movable screw-peg, 
 fixed on the top of a kind of bridge. This part 
 of. the instrument consists of an arch, the ends 
 of which are long, and covered with small pads, 
 and on its centre is the screw-peg already men- 
 tioned. By means of these holes the arm of the 
 lever can be lengthened at pleasure. 
 
 Elevator, Trip'loid, Vectis triploVdes. This 
 was so called from its consisting of three branches, 
 uniting above in one common trunk. The latter 
 part was traversed by a long screw, having below 
 a kind of hook, and above a handle for turning 
 it. By turning the screw, the hook was drawn 
 up, and the bone thus elevated. 
 
 The simple lever is the only one now used, 
 owing to the want of facility and advantages in 
 the use of the others. 
 
 ELEVE EXTERNE, see House-surgeon — e. 
 Interne, House-surgeon. 
 
 ELEVURES {¥.), Effloi-escenticB. A generic 
 name, including all the exanthemata, in which 
 there is tumefaction of the tissue of the skin. 
 See Exanthem. 
 
 ELTASTER. Ilech. 
 
 ELICIIRYSUM, Solidago virgaurea — e. Mon- 
 tannm, Antennaria dioica. 
 ELTCOIDES, Capreolaris. 
 ELTGMA. Eclectos., 
 ELIQUATIO, Colliquation. 
 SLIXA'TIO, Epse'sis, from elixus, 'boiled,' 
 'sodden.' This word has been used S3''nony- 
 mously with Decoction. The act of boiling. 
 
 ELIX'IR, hrr, Mr, Quelles, Alex'ir. The 
 etymology of this word is not clear. Lemery 
 derives it from s'Xku), 'I extract;' and also from 
 
 aXefu, 'I aid.' Others believe it to be from Ara- 
 bic, al-ecsir, or al-eksir, ' chymistry.' An elixir 
 is a medicine composed of various substances 
 held in solution in alcohol. The name has been 
 used, however, for preparations, which contaan 
 no spirit of wine. 
 
 Elixir Ac"idum Halleri seu Dippel'ii, 
 Elixir Antipoday'ricuw, E. Antiiiephret'tcum, E. 
 Sulphxi'rico-ac"idum, Gutta: nc"idcB ton'ica, Aqna 
 Rabe'lii, Liquor ac"idus Halleri, Jlfistu'ra sid- 
 2}htt'rico-ac"ida, uEther sulphu'riciis ac"idtis, 
 Ac"idum sidphu'rieum alcooliia'ttun, A. vitriol'- 
 icum viiio'sian, Al'eoJwl Sulphurica'tum, A. Sul- 
 pJiu'rictim, is a mixture of concentrated sulphuric 
 acid and alcohol; — in the Eau de Rahel, of one 
 part of the former to three of the latter. It is 
 employed as an astringent in hemorrhages, &c. 
 
 Elixir Aloes, Tinctura aloes composita — e. 
 Anthelminticum Succorum, Tinctura jalapii com- 
 posita. 
 
 Elixir, Anti-Asthmat'ic, of Boerhaave. 
 This elixir is composed of alcohol, aniseed, cam- 
 phor, orris, asarabncca root, calamns aromaticus, 
 liquorice, and elecampane. It is given in asthma, 
 in the dose of 20 or 30 drops. 
 
 Elixir AxTiHYPOcHOXDRiACUjr, Tinctura cin- 
 chonse amara — e. Antinephreticum, E. acidum 
 Halleri — e. Aperitivum, Tinctura aloes composita. 
 Elixir, x^NTiscROP'uLoas of Peteilhe ; com- 
 posed of weak alcohol, suhcarhonate of potasna, 
 and gentian root. It is administered in scrofula. 
 Elixir, Boerhaave's, see Tinctura Aloes com- 
 posita. 
 
 Elixir, Carmixative, of Sylvius, Tinctura 
 carminativa Sylvii — e. Daify's, Tinctura senna? 
 comp. — e. Danorum, E. pectorale regis Danise — 
 e. Foetidum, Tinctura castorei composita — e. of 
 Garus, Tinctura de croco composita — e. Guaiaci 
 volatilis, Tinctura Guaiaci ammoniata — e. Jala- 
 pse compositum, Tinctura jalapii composita — e. 
 of Long Life, Tinctura aloes composita— e. de 
 Longue vie, Tinctura aloes composita — e. d'Or de 
 M. le General de la Ifotte, Tinctura seu Alcohol 
 sulfurico - Eethereus — e. Paregoric, Edinburgh, 
 Tinctura opii ammoniata — e. Paregoricum, Tinc- 
 tura camphorse composita — e. Pectorale dulce, 
 E. pectorale regis Danite. 
 
 Elixir Pectora'le Regis Da'ni^, Ehx'irBa- 
 no'rum, E. Ringelman'ni, E. ex succo Ghjcyrrhi'za, 
 E. pectora'le duVce, E.e succo liquirit"i<B: [Slice, 
 glycyrrhiz, p. 1 ; Aq. Fcenicul. p. 2. Alcohol am- 
 moniat. p. 6. A formula in many of the Pharma- 
 copoeias of continental Europe.) With the addi- 
 tion of opium it constitutes the Elixir ammoni- 
 ato-njiia'tnm, Extractum theba'icicm ammoniaca'le 
 of some Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Elixir Proprietatis, Tinctura aloej compo- 
 sita — e. Purgans, Tinctura jalapii composita — e. 
 Radcliffc"s, see Tinctura aloes composita — e. Rhej 
 dulce, Yinum rhej palmati — e. Ringelmanni, E. 
 ]iectorale regis Daniaj — e. Roborans Whyttii, 
 Tinctura einchona3 amara — e. Saei-um, Tinctura 
 rhej et aloes — e. Salutis, Tinctura senna) comp. 
 — e. Squire's, see Tinctura camphorse composita 
 
 — e. Stomaehicum, Tinctura gentiantc composita 
 
 — e. Stomachicus spirituosus, Tinctura einchopa} 
 amara — e. Stoughton's, see Tinctura gentiana; 
 composita — e. ex Succo gl.ycyrrhizaj, E. pectorale 
 regis Danicc — e. ex Succo liquiritise, E. pectorale 
 regis Danorum — e. Sulphurico-acidum, E. acidum 
 Halleri — e. Traumaticum, Tinctura Benzoin: 
 composita. 
 
 Elixir Vit^ of Mathi'olus ; composed of 
 alcohol and 22 aromatic and stimulating sub- 
 stances. It was formerly employed in epileps}% 
 
 Elixir op Vitriol, Sulphuric acid, dilute — (< 
 Vitrioli, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum — e. 
 Vitrioli acido-aromaticum, Sulphuricum ac'iuw 
 
ELIXIRIUM 
 
 318 
 
 EMBAMMA 
 
 Rromaticum — -e. Vitrioli dulce, Spiritus setheris 
 iiromaticus, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum — 
 c. Vitrioli Edinburgensium, Sulphuricum acidum 
 aromaticum — e. Vitrioli Mynsichti, Sulphuricum 
 acidum aromaticum — e. of Vitriol, sweet, Spiritus 
 aitheris aromaticus — e. Vitrioli cum tinctura aro- 
 matic§,, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum — e. of 
 Vitriol, Vigani's, Spiritus astheris aromaticus — e. 
 Whyttii, Tinctura cinchonas amara. 
 
 ELIXIRIUM ANTISEPTICUM DOCTORIS 
 CHAUSSIER, Tinctura cinchonas setherea com- 
 pos! ta. 
 
 ELIXIS, Eclectos. 
 
 ELIXIVIATION, Lixiviation. 
 
 ELK, Cervus alces— e. Bark, Magnolia macro- 
 phylla — e. Tree, Andromeda arborea — e. Wood, 
 Andromeda arborea. Magnolia macrophylla. 
 
 ELLEBORASTER, Helleborus foetidus. 
 
 ELLEBORE, Dracontium fcetidum. 
 
 ELLEBORISMUS, Helloborismus. 
 
 ELLEBORUM ALBUM, Vcratrum album. 
 
 ELLEBORUS ALBUS, Veratrum— e. Niger, 
 Helleborus niger. 
 
 ELLIPTIC, Oval. 
 
 ELLYCHNIO'TOS, from tWvxviov, 'the wick 
 of a lamp.' A sort of tent, used bj' the ancient 
 Burgeons, so called because it was shaped like a 
 wick, or because it was made of a similar material. 
 
 ELM, COMMON, Ulmus— e. Red, Ulmus Ame- 
 ricana — e. Rough-leaved, Ulmus Americana — e. 
 Slippery, Ulmus Americana. 
 
 ELMINTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
 
 ELO'DES, Helo'des, Paludal, Marshy, (F.) Ma- 
 recac/eux: Fehria elo'des seu helo'des sou palii- 
 do'sa, Helnp'yra, Helopyr'etos, from 'tXog, ' a 
 marsh,' and uios, 'resemblance.' Marsh fever. 
 (P.) Fievre interniittente paludeenne, Fi^vre palu- 
 deenne. Also, a kind of fever, characterized by 
 great moisture or sweating. 
 
 ELOME, Orpiment. 
 
 ELONGA'TION, Parathro'ma, Elonga'tio, 
 from elongare, (e, and loiupis,) ' to lengthen,' ' ex- 
 tend.' An incomplete luxation, in which the 
 ligaments of an articulation are stretched and 
 the limb lengthened, without total luxation. The 
 word has also been used for the extension required 
 in the reduction of fractures and luxations, and 
 for the increased length of limb, (P.) AUonge- 
 ment, in diseases and dislocations of the hip-joint. 
 
 ELUTRIATIO, Decantation, Elutriation. 
 
 ELUTRIA'TION, Elutria'tio; originally from 
 eluo, (e, and luo, 'I wash,') 'I wash away, I 
 rinse.' In pharmacy a process by which the 
 finer particles of a powder are separated from the 
 coarser. It consists in diffusing the powder in 
 water, allowing the larger .and heavier particles 
 to subside, and decantinr/ the liquor, that the 
 finer particles may subside. 
 
 ELU'VIES, same etymon. An inordinate dis- 
 charge of any fluid, and also the fluid itself. In 
 the works of some authors it is particularly ap- 
 plied to the mucus which flows from the vagina 
 in cases of leucorrhrea. 
 
 ELUXATION, Luxation. 
 
 ELYTRATRESIA, Colpatresia. 
 
 ELYTREURYNTER, Speculum Vaginte. 
 
 BLYTRITIS, Colposis, Leucorrbaia. 
 
 ELYTROBLENNORRH(EA,Leucorrhcea(va- 
 grnal). 
 
 EL'YTROCE'LE, from c^vrpov, 'a vagina or 
 Fheath,' and Kn^^rj, ' a tumour.' Vogel has given 
 tills name to vaginal hernia, Colpoce' le. 
 
 ELYTRODES (tunica), Vaginal coat of the 
 lo.sticlc. 
 
 ELYTRCEDE'MA, Colecede'ma, Colpccde'ma, 
 ♦ron: cXutooi/ 'a vagina or sheath,' and oiirjfia, 
 * a>dema.' (Edema of the vagina. 
 
 ELYTROITIS, Colposis. 
 
 EL'YTRON, from cAuco, 'I involve.' A sheath. 
 The vagina. The membranes which envelope 
 the spinal marrow are called elytra. 
 
 ELYTRON'CUS, Elytrophy'ma, from {XvTpow, 
 ' a vagina or sheath,' and oyKog, ' a tumour.' A 
 swelling of the vagina. 
 
 ELYTROPAP'PUS RIIINOCERO'TIS. A 
 South African bush, Aaf. Ord. Composita3, the 
 whole of which is bitter and resinous. The tops 
 of the branches, infused in wine or brandy, mai-'i 
 excellent bitters. The tops are also given in 
 powder to children affected with diarrhoea. 
 
 ELYTROPHYMA, Elytroncus. 
 
 ELYTROPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginaj. 
 
 ELYTRORRHAGIA. Colporrhagia. 
 
 ELYTROR'RHAPIIY, Elytrorrhaj^h'ia ; Col- 
 por'rhriphy, Kolpor'rhaphy ; from i.\vTpov, ' tiic 
 vagina,' and pa(pri, 'a suture.' The operation of 
 closing the vagina by suture in cases of prociden- 
 tia uteri. 
 
 EM and EN, ev, 'in, into, within.' Also 'ex- 
 cess ;' — frequently used in this last sense by Dr. 
 Good. A common prefix, generally answering to 
 the prefixes im and in, in English. In composi- 
 tion, before (i, v, <p, -J/, and fi, the v is changed 
 into ii; before y, k, |, and Xi intoy; before A, 
 into >, and before p generally into p. 
 
 EMACIATE, Ifaces'cere, Tabes' cere, (F.) 
 Amaigrir. To lose flesh, to become lean, to 
 waste away. 
 
 EMACIA'TION, Emacia'tio, from emacinre, 
 (e, and maeeo, 'to be lean,) 'to grow lean.' Ese^ 
 tenua'tio, JIa'cies, Jfacritu'do, Macror, 3farco'~ 
 res, Slceleti'a, Leptysm'ns, Leptyn'sis, Pingued'- 
 inis diminu'tio, (F.) Amaigrissement, Maigre^ir. 
 That condition of the body, or of a part of the 
 body, in which it grows lean. The state of one 
 who is lean; — Leanness; Isch'notes. 
 
 JmATL DES bents, Enamel of the teeth. 
 
 £mAILLOTAGE (F.), from maillot, 'swath- 
 ing or swaddling clothes.' The ' wrapping up,' or 
 ' packing up' in dry or wet sheets, which is prac- 
 tised in hydropathic establishments to induce 
 sweating. 
 
 EMANA'TION, Emana'tio, Efflu'vitm, from 
 enianare, (e, and manare,) 'to issue or flow from.' 
 The term is applied to a body which proceeds or 
 draws its origin from other bodies ; such as the 
 light which e7Han«ies from the sun j the miasnia 
 which arise from the putrid decomposition of ani- 
 mal or vegetable substances, Ac. See Miasm. 
 
 EMAN'SIO MEN'SIUM, from e, and manere, 
 'to stay.' This term has been applied to amc- 
 norrhoea or obstruction of the menses before they 
 have been established. Some have used it for 
 the retention which occurs even after they have 
 been established. The former is the general ac- 
 ceptation. , 
 
 EMARGINATIO, Echancrure, Notch. 
 
 EMARGINATURA, Echancrure, Notch. 
 
 EMASCULA'TION, Emascvla'tio, from cntoK. 
 culare, (e, and mascidus, 'a male,') 'to ri;ii(ier 
 impotent.' The act of removing or destroying 
 the generative organs of a male animal. 
 
 EMASCULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EMBALM'ING, from em, en, 'in,' and hnhn- 
 miim, 'biilsam.' Balsama'tio, Smyrnis'mos, 6V- 
 deirt, Pollinctu'rn, Nccrocedi'a, Conditn'ra C»- 
 dar'crum, (F.) Embaument, hnbalsamati'oii. An 
 operation which consists in impregnating the 
 dead body with substances capable of preventing 
 it from becoming putrid, and thus putting it in u 
 condition to be preserved. 
 
 EMBAM'MA, Ajwhani'ma, liamma, from tp- 
 Pa-rnui, ' I immerse' A medicatpd pickle or sjunce. 
 — Gorraus. 
 
EMBARRAS 
 
 319 
 
 EMETINE 
 
 EMBARRAS, Emphraxis. 
 
 EMBARRAS GASTRIQUE (F.), GasU ic dis- 
 order or impediment, CoUu'vies gas'trica, Sordes 
 primn'rum via'rum, Status c/ns'tricus. Disorder 
 of the stomach, in which there is loss of appetite, 
 with bitterness and clamminess of mouth, white 
 and yellow tongue, feeling of oppression in the 
 epigastrium, and sometimes pain in that region, 
 nausea and bilious or bitter vomiting ; this state 
 being accompanied with headach, lassitude, and 
 pain in the back and limbs. 
 
 Eirn ARRAS GASTRO-IXTESTINAL, Gas- 
 tro-i litest i' iial disorder. Slight gastro-enteritis, 
 according to the Broussaists, in which the symp- 
 toms of the Embarras gastrique and^fi". intestinal 
 are united. 
 
 EMBARRAS INTESTINAL, Intcs'tinal dis- 
 order. The principal characters assigned to this 
 are : — tension of the abdomen, colic, borborygmi, 
 discharge of flatus jier aiucm, constipation or diar- 
 rhoea, &o. 
 
 EMBARRURE, Engisoma. 
 
 EMBA UMENT, EnTbalmiug. 
 
 EMBOi TEMENT (F.). ' Encasing,' from em, 
 'in,' and ho'ite, 'a box.' Enadeljih' ia. This 
 term has been applied to the theory of generation 
 which considers that the germs are encased in 
 each other in the ovary of the female, in such 
 sort that they are developed in succession after 
 impregnation. It is the theory of encaiing of 
 gernis, or oi monstrosity hy inclusion. 
 
 EilBOiTJJRE, Diarthrosis. 
 
 EM'BOLE, from tfifiaW^^, 'I put in place.' 
 Reduction of a luxated bone. Reposit"io. 
 
 EMBOLIMOS, Intercalary. 
 
 EMBOLUM CEREBRI, "infundibulum of the 
 brain. 
 
 EMBONPOINT, ( F. ) 'In good point or 
 plight.' Bona cor'poris habitu'do. The state 
 of the animal body when in full health. Exces- 
 sive embonpoint constitutes corpulence and obe- 
 sity, and may become a morbid condition. 
 
 EMBONPOINT EXCESSIF, Polysarcia adi- 
 
 EMBORISMA. Aneurism. 
 
 EMBROCATIO, Embrocation, Irrigation. 
 
 EMBROCA'TION, Embroca'tio, Emhreg'ma, 
 Em'broche., fmplu'vium, from ziJLppf)(ti), 'I sprinkle.' 
 A fluid application to be rubbed on any part of 
 the body. It is often used synonymously with 
 liniment. Originally it was employed in the 
 sense of Fomentation. 
 
 Embrocation, Guestonian, see Oleum Terebin- 
 thina? rectificatum. 
 
 EMBROCHE, Embrocation. 
 
 EMBRYEMA, Embrocation. 
 
 EM'BRYO, Em'bryon, from tv, 'in,' and /?puw, 
 ' I grow.' Oye'ma. The fecundated germ, in the 
 early stages of its development in utero. At a 
 certain period of its increase, the name foetus is 
 given to it, but at what period is not determined. 
 Generally, tiie embryo state is considered to ex- 
 tend to the period of quickening. 
 
 EMBRYO C'TONY, Foetits triicida'tio, from 
 t_ft3pvov, 'the embryo,' und k-ovo^, 'destruction.' 
 The act of destroj'ing a fcetus in utero, when in- 
 surmountable obstacles — as certain deformities 
 of the pelvis — oppose delivery. 
 
 EMBRYOG'RAPHY, Embryogra'phia, from 
 t-lilipvov, 'the otnbr3'o,' and ypatptj, ' a description.' 
 The part nf anntomy which describes the embryo. 
 
 EMBRYOL'OGY, Embryolog"ia, from t/^/Spoi/,' 
 'the embryo,' and Aoyo?, 'a description. The 
 doctrine of embryonic development. 
 
 EMBRYON'IC, Embryon'icus, (F.) Eml>-yo- 
 niq^uc, Emhryonnairc; same etymon as embryo. 
 
 Relating or appertaining to an embryo ; - ■ as 
 ' embryonic life.' 
 
 EMBR YONIQ UE, Embryonic. 
 
 EMBR YONNAIRE, Embryonic. 
 
 EMBRYOTHLAS'TA, EmhryotJdaa'tes, Ern- 
 bryothlas'tum, (F.) Embryofome, from ejiiSovov, 
 'the embryo,' and S'Xaui, ' I break.' An instru- 
 ment for dividing the foetus piecemeal, in order 
 to effect delivery. A crotchet or other instru- 
 ment, used, in certain cases of laborious parturi- 
 tion, to break the bones of the foetus, for the 
 purpose of extracting them with greater facility. 
 — Hippocrates. Galen. 
 
 EMBRYOTOCIA, Abortion. 
 
 EMBR YOTOiME, Embryothlasta 
 
 EMBRYOT'OMY, Embryotom'ia, from ciiPpvc. 
 'an embryo,' and r£^(V£iv, 'to cut.'' A division i.f 
 the fostus into fragments, to extract it by piooe- 
 meal, when the narrowness of the pelvis or other 
 faulty conformation opposes delivery. 
 
 EMBRYOT'ROPHY, Embryotroj^h'ia, from 
 cjxPpvov, ' the embryo,' and rpo0)?, 'nourishment.' 
 Foetal nutrition ; Cyoi'rophy. 
 
 EMBRYUL'CIA, Er.'brynstemrcia, from tfi- 
 Ppvov, 'embryo, foetus,' .md tX/v-u, 'I extract,' 'I 
 draw.' A surgical operation, by which the foetus 
 is extracted by means of appropriate instruments, 
 when faulty conformation or other circunstoncci? 
 prevent delivery by the natural efforts. 
 
 EMBRYUL'CUS, Elcns'ter, same etymon. An 
 iron hook or crotchet, described by Fahricius a.b 
 Aquapendente, vhich was used to extract the 
 fcetus in some cases of laborious labour. 
 
 EMBRYUSTERULCIA, Embryulcia. 
 
 EMENDANS, Corrigent. 
 
 EM ERA UDE, Smaragdus. 
 
 EMESIA, Vomiturition. 
 
 EMESIS, Vomiting. 
 
 EMETATROPH'IA, from f/zju, 'I vomit,' and 
 arpo(pia, ' want of nourishment.' Atrophy induced 
 by vomiting. 
 
 EMETIA, Emetine. 
 
 EMET'IC, Emet'icum, Vomito'rium, Vom'itory, 
 Vomit, Puke, from tueia, ' I vomit.' A substance 
 capable of producing vomiting. (F.) Emetiqut. 
 [This term is also restricted by the Fnmch to 
 tartarized antimony — the emetic, as it were, par 
 excellence.^ Vomitif. 
 
 Tartarized antimony, emetine, ipeeaciianha, 
 and sulphate of zinc, are the chief emetics. 
 They are valuable agents in disease, and m;tj 
 either act primarily on the stomach, or seconda- 
 rily on other parts of the system, • — the sym- 
 pathy between the stomach and other parts of 
 the body being very extensive, and an impor- 
 tant object of study. 
 
 The following are the usual emetics: — Anti- 
 monii et Potassse Tartras ; Cupri Acetas; Cupri 
 Sulphas; Emetina; Gillenia; Hydrargyri Sul- 
 phas Flavus ; Ipecacuanha; Lobelia; Ssnguina- 
 ria; Scilla ; Sinapis, and Zinci Sulphas. 
 
 EirETic Root, Euphorbia eorollata — e. Tartar. 
 Antimonium tartarizatum — e\ Weed, Lobeli.-i 
 inflata. 
 
 EMETICOLOGIA, Emetology. 
 
 EM'ETINB, Emcti'na, Emet'ia, Vom'itine. A 
 vegetable alkali, discovered by M. Pelletier in 
 ipecacuanha, and to which it owes its emetic 
 power. It is obtained from different ipecacu- 
 anhas, but chiefly from psychot'ria emet'ien. 
 callicoc'ca ipecacuan'hn, and ri'oln cmet'-ica. It 
 is in transparentscales, of a reddish-brown colour, 
 almost inodorous, of a bitter, slightly acrid tanU , 
 is unchangeable in the air, soluble in water anil 
 alcohol, and insoluble in ether. Three graica ■■' 
 impure einetia or one grain of pure are equal to ^ 
 18 of ipecacuanha. See Ipecacuanha. 
 
EMETIQUE 
 
 320 
 
 EMPHYMA 
 
 EJIETIQUE, Antimonium tartarizatum, 
 Emetic. 
 
 EMETO-CATHAESIS, see Emeto-cathartic. 
 
 EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC, Em'eto-cathar'ticw, 
 from tfieTos, 'vomiting/ and (ca^apn/co;, 'a purga- 
 tive.' A remedy, which at the same time excites 
 vomiting and purging — Em'eto-eathar'sis. 
 
 EMETOL'OGY, Emetolo'/'m, Emeticolo<j"ia, 
 frjm £//£Tof, 'vomiting,' and Aoyoj, ' a discourse.' 
 A treatise on vomiting, and on emetics. 
 
 E.M'INENCE, Eminen'tia, ProUtheran'tia,Ex'- 
 oclie, Ej-aathe' ma. A projection at the surface 
 of a healthy or diseased organ. 
 
 EMINENCE PORTE A.NTER1EURE, Lo- 
 ))ulus anonymus — e. Porte posterieurc, Lobulus 
 Spigelii — e. Sxis-pnhienne, Mons veneris. 
 
 EMINENCES BIGEMINEES, Quadrigemi- 
 I'.a corpora — e. Laterales, Corpora olivaria — e. 
 Piiramidales, Corpora pyramidalia — e. Vermi- 
 ftn-mes du cervelet, Vermiformes processus. 
 
 EMINENTIA, Protuberantia — e. Annularis, 
 Pons varolii — e. Pyramidalis, Crista vestibuli — e. 
 Tvmpani, Pvramid. 
 
 "EMINEKTI^ BIGEMIX^, Quadrigemina 
 tubercula — e. Candieantes,MammiHary Tubercles 
 — e. Lentieulares, Corpora striata — e. Magnse 
 cerebri, Thalami nervorum opticorum — e. Medi- 
 anaj Internge, Corpora pyramidalia^ — -e. Olivares, 
 Corpora olivaria — e. OvalesLaterales, Corpora oli- 
 varia — e. Pyramidales, Corpora pyramidalia — e. 
 Quadrigemina;, Quadrigemina tubercula — e. Te- 
 retes, Processus teretes. 
 
 EMISSAIRE, Emunctory. 
 
 EMISSA'EIA SANTOIli'XI. A name given 
 to some small veins, which communicate with the 
 sinuses of the dura mater, by apertures in the 
 cranium. Such are the parietal, posterior con- 
 dyloid, mastoid veins, &c. 
 
 EMISSIO, Emission — e. Semiuis, Sperma- 
 tismus. 
 
 EMIS'SIOX, Emis'sio, from emittere, (e, and 
 mlttere,) 'to send out,' 'drive out.' The act by 
 which any matter whatever is thrown from the 
 body. Thus, we say Eminsion of urine, Emission 
 of Heinen, &c. 
 
 EMISSION SANGUINE, Bloodletting. 
 
 EMMEN'AGOGUES, Emmenai/o'ya, Emmeni- 
 agi>'(ja, Ame'nia, from £ij/.u]va, 'the menses,' and 
 ayu, ' I drive,' or ' expel.' Men'agofjucs. A name 
 given to medicines believed to have the power of 
 favouring the discharge of the menses. There 
 is probably no substance which possesses this 
 power directly. According to diiTerent condi- 
 tions of the system, the most opposite reme- 
 dies may act as emmenagogues. Black helle- 
 bore, savin, madder, jyolyrjala senega, and ergot, 
 are reputed to be specific emmenagogues. The 
 following list comprises the chief of them: — 
 Cunila Pulegioides ; Helleborus Xiger; Mentha 
 Pulegium; Rosmarinus: Rubia; Sabinaj Secale 
 Cornutum ; Senega, and Tanacetum. 
 
 EMMENAGOLOG"IA, from cuixnvayuiya, and 
 }oyog, ' discourse.' A treatise of emmenagogues. 
 
 EMMENIA, Menses. 
 
 EMMENIAGOGA, Emmenagogues. 
 
 EMMENOLOG"IA fiom tf.iiiriva, 'menses,' 
 and \oyoi, 'a discourse.' A treatise on men- 
 struation. 
 
 EMMENOLOG"ICAL, Emmenolog"icns: same 
 etymon as the last. Relating or appertaining to 
 menstruation. 
 
 EMMYXIUM ARTICULARE, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 EMOLLIENTIA, Emollients. 
 
 EMOL'LIENTS, Emollien'tia, Malthac'tiea, 
 t.lehijr,An'tiu, Epiceras'tica, 3falnc'tira, Luhri- 
 i:an tia, Malacopve'a, Mollicn'tin, fi'om emoUire, 
 ic, and rhollire, 'to soften.') Substances which 
 
 relax and soften parts that are inflamed, or too 
 tense. They are used both internally and exter- 
 nally: as the former, however, consist of muci- 
 laginous substances, they are generally reckoned 
 as demulcents : the latter, or proper emollients, 
 consist of oils, cataplasms, fomentations, &e. 
 Oleaginous bodies, rubbed on a part, act by di- 
 minishing its cohesion. Fomentations, in cases 
 of internal inflammation, act probably through 
 contiguous sympathy. The following are the 
 chief emollients : — Adeps ,• Amj'gdalce Oleum; 
 Avena3 Farina; Cera; Cetaceum; Linum ; Olivse 
 Oleum ; Sesamum ; Tritici Farina, and Ulmux. 
 
 EMOLLITIES, Mollities— e. Morbosa, MoUi- 
 ties — e. Ossium, Mollities ossium — e. Uteri Mor- 
 bosa, Ilysteromalacia. 
 
 EMOLLITIO, Mollities— e. Ventriculi, Gastro- 
 malacia. 
 
 EMONCTOIRE, Emunetor3^ 
 
 EMOPTOE, Ilajmoptysis. 
 
 EMOTIO, Delirium, Luxation, Passion. 
 
 EMO'TIONAL, from emotio, (e, 'from,' and 
 moveo, motus, ' to move.') Relating to emotion 
 or passion independently of the will: — hence an 
 ' emotional or instinctive impulse.' 
 
 EMPASMA, Catapiasma. 
 
 EMPATEMENT, from emjmter, 'to render 
 pasty or doughy.' A non-inflammatory engorge- 
 ment, which retains, more or less, the impression 
 of the finffer. 
 
 EMPATIIE'MA, Ma'nia a pallie'mnte, (F.) 
 Manie sans delirc ; ungovernable passion ; from 
 £/i, or tv, ' in/ and va^os, ' suffering.' Fixed de- 
 lusion. 
 
 EMPEIRIA, Experience. 
 
 EMPETRUM, Herniaria glabra. 
 
 EM'PHLYSIS, from tfi, or tv, 'in,' and i/iAuo-i?, 
 ' a vesicular tumour or eruption / Ich'oroua Eu- 
 an' them. An eruption of vesicular pimples, filled 
 progressively with an acrid and colourless, or 
 nearly colourless, fluid ; terminating in scurf or 
 laminated scabs. A genus in the order Exantlic- 
 maticu, class Ilani'itita of Good. 
 
 Emphlysis Ai'HTIIA, A])htha3, Stomatitis, aph- 
 thous — e. Erysipelns, Erysipelas — e. Miliaria, 
 Miliary fever — e. Pemphigus, Pemphigus — e. 
 Vaccina inserta, Vaccina — e. Varicella, Varicella. 
 
 EMPHRACTIC, Emphracticus. 
 
 EMPHRACTICA, Physconia. 
 
 EMPHRACTICUS, Emphrac'tlc, from f/.0p«r- 
 ru), 'I close,' 'I obstruct.' Emplas'ticvs, Emjjlat. 
 tom'enos. Any substance which, when applied to 
 the skin, was presumed to close the pores. 
 
 EMPHRAG'MA, same etymon. Ohtnramen'- 
 tnm, Impjedimen'tum. Anything that obstructs. 
 Hippocrates uses this term to designate the ob- 
 stacle to delivery on the part of the foetus, when 
 the presentation is preternatural. 
 
 EMPHRA<5:\rA Lachrymale, Fistula lachryma- 
 lis- — e. Salivare, Ranula. 
 
 EMPHRAX'IS, Ohstrnc'tio, Ohtnra'tio, Oppi- 
 la'tio, Infarc'tus, Earctiia, Partus. Same etymon. 
 ' Obstruction.' An Emharras or repletion of ca- 
 nals or cavities by any substance, which is cither 
 morbid from quantity or qualitj'. 
 
 Emphhaxis IIepatis, Hepatomphraxis. 
 
 EMPHYMA, Tumour— e. Encystis, Encysti-i 
 — e. Encystis atheroma, Atheroma — e. Encystis 
 ganglion, Ganglion, Testudo — e. Encystis meli- 
 ceris, Meliceris — e. Encystis steatoma, Steatoma 
 — e. Exostosis ossea, Exostosis — e. Exostosis pe- 
 riostea, Node — e. Sarcoma, Sarcoma — c. Sarcoma 
 adiposum, Adipose sarcoma — e. Sarcoma celluK.- 
 sum. Cystic sarcoma — e. Sarcoma niammaruni, 
 Mammary sarcoma — e. Sarcoma pancreaticiuii, 
 Pancreatic sarcoma — e. Sarcoma scirrhosun-., 
 Scirrhous sarcoma — e. Sarcoma tubercuiosum, 
 
EMPHYSEMA 
 
 321 
 
 EMPLASTEUM 
 
 Tuberculate sarcoma — e. Sarcoma vasculosum, 
 Sarcoma, vascular. 
 
 EMPIIYSE'MA, from CjKpvaata, {tv, and (pva-ao], 
 *I blow,') 'I inflate.' Injia'tio, Empneumato'sis, 
 Sarci'tea flat.uo'sus, Emphyse'ma cellula're, Em- 
 physe'via p>n'^umato'si8, Physon'cua, Tumor flatu- 
 len'tiis, Pneumato'sis, Injla'tion, Wind-dropsi/, 
 (F.) EmpJiyseme. This term is commonly applied 
 to any white, crepitant, shining, clastic, indolent 
 tumour, caused by the introduction of air into the 
 areolar texture. Injuries of the larynx, trachea, 
 or lungs ; fractures of the ribs, or wounds pene- 
 trating the chest, are the most frequent causes of 
 this affection, which is owing to the air escaping 
 from the air-passages and insinuating itself into 
 the areolar texture surrounding the wound. 
 Therg are some cases of emphysema, which are 
 owing to internal causes j and hence a division 
 has been made into the accidental and sympto- 
 matic, and the spontaneous and ■idiopathic. 
 
 EjiPHrsEj[A ABDOJfiNis, Tympanites. 
 
 EitPHYSE'jiA OP THE LusGS, E. Pulmo'num, 
 Asthma aereum ah EmpJiyse'mate Pulmo'num, 
 Pneumato' sis Pulmo'num., Pneumonec'tasis, Pneu- 
 mec'tasia, (P.) Pneumoectasie, Emphyseme dii 
 Poumoti. A considerable pressure or contusion 
 of the chest, or any violent concussion of the 
 lung, may produce a laceration in that viscus, 
 without injury being done to the parietes of the 
 thorax, and may give place to the infiltration of 
 air into the areolar texture, interlobular emphy- 
 sema. Laennec has described another species of 
 emphysema of the lungs. Vesicular emphysema, 
 consisting in excessive dilatation of the air-cells, 
 some of which become as large as hemp-seed, ul- 
 timately break, and give rise to irregular vesicles 
 at the surface of the lung, some of which are as 
 large as a hazel-nut. Physical signs. The tbo- 
 rax externally, generally or locally, appears un- 
 naturally convex and prominent. The intercos- 
 tal spaces are widened, but depressed. The 
 mspiratory efforts are increased. The sound on 
 percussion is morbidly clear, but not tympanitic. 
 On auscultation, the inspiratory murmur is feeble 
 or suppressed. The expiration, which is more 
 frequently audible is prolonged, laborious and 
 wheezing. There are no certain physical signs 
 which can distinguish interlobular emphysema 
 from the vesicular. 
 
 V'/odPHYSEMA Pectoris, Pneumothorax — e. 
 Sureii, Physocele — e. Tympanites, Tympanites — 
 e. Uteri. Hysterophvsis, Physometra. 
 
 EMPHYSEM'ATOUS, Emphysemato'sus,- same 
 etymon. Relating or appertaining to emphysema. 
 
 EMPHYSEME, Emphysema— e. du Poumon, 
 Emphysema of the luncs. 
 
 EMPHYTUM THERMUM, Biolychnium. 
 
 EMP'IRIC, Empi'ricus, from tjivnpia, (ev, and 
 vtipn, ' a trial,') ' experience.' One who follows 
 only experience. A sect of physicians, who re- 
 jected all theory, and took for their guide expe- 
 rience alone. It was opjiosed to the dogmatic 
 sect. The Empiric sect prevailed till near the 
 time of Galen. Among its most eminent mem- 
 bers, after Philinus and Serapion, were Apollo- 
 nius, Glaucias, Bacchius of Tanagra, and Zeuxis, 
 both disciples of Herophilus, — Heraclides of Ta- 
 rentum, Cleophantus, master of Asclepiades, Me- 
 nodotus of Nicomedia, and Theudas of Laodicea. 
 They occupied themselves, chiefly, with discover- 
 ing the properties of drugs, and did important 
 service, in this manner, to medicine. 
 
 At the present day, the word Empiric is only 
 taken in a bad sense, being employed in nearly 
 the same signification as charlatan or quack. 
 
 EMPIRICE, Empiricism. 
 
 EMPIR'ICISM ; same etymon. Empi'rica 
 Ars, Empii'rice, (F.) Empirisme. Medicine 
 21 
 
 founded on experience. It generally, at tli« 
 present day, signifies quackery. 
 
 EMPIRISME, Empiricism. 
 
 EMPLAS'TICUS. Same etymon as the next. 
 Also, a remedy which adheres, as a plaster, to the 
 surface, and in this manner may obstruct tho 
 pores ; an emphractic. 
 
 EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIC, Endermie. 
 
 EMPLAS'TRUM, from the Greek iiivUrria, 
 {tv, and T:\aaauv, 'to form,') 'I spread upon,' 
 (P.) Empildtre. A solid and tenacious compound, 
 adhesive at the ordinary heat of the human body. 
 Some of the plasters owe their consistence to wax 
 and resin; and others to the chemical union which 
 takes place between the semivitreous oxide of lead 
 and oil. Most of them become too consistent by 
 age. When such is the case, they may be re- 
 melted by a gentle heat, and oil be added to them. 
 
 Emplasteum AdHjESIVUm, Emplastrum resinse 
 — e. Adhfesivum Woodstockii, see Sparadrapum 
 Adhresivum — e. Alexandri, Alexandrine — e. de 
 Althnsa, Unguentum de Althsea. 
 
 Emplastruji AMiro^^'ACI, Ammoni' acnm Plas- 
 ter, [Ammoniac, pur. ^v, acidi acetici dil. Oss. 
 Dissolve the ammoniac in the vinegai-, and strain : 
 then evaporate the solution by means of a water 
 bath, stirring constantly until it acqiiires a proper 
 consistence. — Ph. U. S.) It is used as a discu- 
 tient plaster. 
 
 Emplastrum Ammoxi'aci cum Hydear'gtro, 
 Ammoniacum plaster with mercury (Ammoniaci 
 Ibj, hydrarg. §iij, olei oliv. ^], sulphur, gr. viij. . 
 Rub the mercury with the oil until the globules 
 disappear, then add the ammoniac, previously 
 melted, and mix. Ph. U. S. 
 
 Emplastrum A>T)Re.e de Cruce, E. de pice et 
 resinis glutinans — e. Anglicum, see Spai'adrapum 
 adhtesivum. 
 
 Emplastrum Aromat'icum, Aromat'ic Plaster. 
 [Thuris §iij, cercB flavm ^ss, pidv. cort. cinnam. 
 ^vj, ol. ess. Piment., ol. ess. Limon. aa ^ij. Melt 
 tiie frankincense and wax together, and strain ; 
 then add, as it cools, the cinnamon, previously 
 rubbed with the oils, and form a plaster. Ph. 
 Dubl.) Used as a stimulating plaster. 
 
 A spice plaster, made bj^ incorporating pow- 
 dered cinnamon and any other spices with melted 
 suet, has been used in cholera infantum. It is 
 spread on leather or linen, and is renewed twice 
 in the twenty-four hours. 
 
 Emplastrum Asafce'tiid^, Asafcctida plaster, 
 E. antihyster' icum, [Emp. plumb., Asafcet., sing. 
 Ibj, Galban., Cera flavm, aa Ibss, Alcohol, dilut. 
 Oiij. Dissolve the asafoetida and galbanum in 
 the alcohol, in a water bath, strain while hot, and 
 evaporate to the consistence of honey ; add the 
 lead plaster and wax previously melted together, 
 stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the proper 
 consistence. — Ph. V. S.) Used as an antispas- 
 modic and anodyne plaster. 
 
 Emplastrum Atteahens, E. cerse — e. Anricu- 
 lare, Hypotium. 
 
 Emplastrum Bellabon'n^e, Plaster of Bella- 
 don'na. [Ernpl. resin. §iij, Ext. BeUadon. ^is3. 
 Add the extract to the plaster, previously melted 
 in a water bath, and mix. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Emplastrum Calefa'ciens, E. Picis cum can 
 thar'ide, (Ph. U. S.,) Ccdefa'cient plaster, Wai-Tit 
 pilaster, (F.) Empldtre echauffant. (Cerat. can 
 tharid. (Ph. U. S.) Ibss, Picis abiet. Ibiijss. Melt 
 together, and form into a plaster. Ph. U. S.) 
 It is rubefacient and stimulant. 
 
 Emplastrum Cantharidis, E. lyttje — e. Can- 
 tharidis vesicatorii compositum, E. lyttae comi). 
 — e. Cephalicum, E. picis eomp. 
 
 Emplastrum Cer^e, E. simplex, Wax plaster, 
 E. At'traTiens. [CercB Jlavm, Sevi Prmp. aa Ibiij, 
 resinae favas fej. Melt them together and straia. 
 
EMPLASTRUM 
 
 322 
 
 EMPLASTRUM 
 
 Ph. L.) It has been considered drawing. It is 
 stimulating. 
 
 EltPLASTRUil Cicu't^, E. de Cicu'td, E. coni'i 
 macula'tl, Unguen'tutn sol'idiim de cicu'td, Ilem- 
 loch planter, (F.) Emplatre de C'lgu'd. [ResivcB 
 ablet. 960 p. C'eris ftciv. 640 p. Plcis alhm, 448 p. 
 01. cicuta per decoct, prccjyarat. 128 p. Fol cicut. 
 recent. 2000 p. Melt the resins, wax and oil; 
 add the eiouta leaves, and boil ; strain and add, 
 after having dissolved it in vinegar of squills and 
 cicuta juice, gam ammoniac. 500 p. Ph. Par.) 
 It is used as a discutient, especially to scirrhous 
 tumours. 
 
 Ejii'lastrum Citrinum, Unguentum de althasa 
 e. Commune, E. Plumbi — e. Commune cum re- 
 sina, E. resinae — e. Conii, E. cicutee. 
 
 EilPLASTRUM Cumi'ni, Cummin plaster. { Cumin, 
 semin., carui sem., lauri bacc. sing, ^uj, picis 
 aridce ftiij, cer(E flavcB ^iij. Melt the pitch and 
 wax together, then add the other ingredients. 
 Ph. L.) It is used as a warm, discutient plaster. 
 
 Emplastrcm Diachylon, Diachylon, E. plumbi 
 — e. Divinum Nicolai, see Magnet— e. Emolliens, 
 Unguentum de althasa — e. Epispasticum, E.lyttEC. 
 
 EMPLASTRUM Eerri, E. rob'orans, Iron Planter, 
 Strength' ening Plaster. [Ferri subcarb. ^iijj Emp. 
 plumbi, ibij, Picis abietis, Ihss. Add the sub- 
 carbonate of iron to the lead plaster and Bur- 
 gundy pitch previously melted together, and stir 
 constantly until they thicken upon cooling. — Ph. 
 U. S.) 
 
 Emplastrtjm Ferri Pi-ubri, E. oxidi ferri 
 rubri— e. Plavum, Unguentum de altheeS. — e. ad 
 Ponticulos, Ceratum Galeni. 
 
 Emplastrum Gal'bani, Galb'anum 2}^('ster, 
 (Empl. litharg. ibij, gum. galban. Ihss, cera fiava 
 giv. M«lt the galbanum before adding the plas- 
 ter and wax, then melt all together. Ph. D.) A 
 etimulant and discutient. 
 
 Emplastrum Gal'bani Compos'itum. E. U- 
 Jiar'gyri compos'itum., Diach'ylon magnum cum 
 giirnmi. Compound galbanum plaster. [G alb. pur. 
 ^viij, Emp. plumbi, tbiij, tereb. vulg. ^x, abietis 
 resin, contus. §iij. Melt the galbanum and tur- 
 pentine together, then mix in the resin, and af- 
 terwards the plaster, previously melted. It is 
 stimulant and discutient. 
 
 Emplastrum Glutinosum, see Sparadrapum 
 adhsesivum — e. cum Gummatibus, E. gummosum. 
 
 Emplastrum Gummo'sum, Gum plaster, Em- 
 jlastrum lithar'gi/ri cum gummi, E. cum, gummat' - 
 ibus, E. e gummat'ibus resino'sis, E. Ox'ydi Plutnbi 
 eemioit'rei gummo'sum, Yellow diach'ylon. Gum 
 diachylon, Diachylon cum gummi. [Emp. oxid. 
 plumbi semivitr. p. viii, g. resin, ammoniac, g. 
 resin, bubon. galban i, eercB flavcB, aa, p. i. Ph. E.) 
 Properties and uses like the last. 
 
 Emplastrum e Gummatibus PiESinosis, E. 
 gummosum. 
 
 Emplastrum cum Gummi-Resi'nis, (F.) Em- 
 platre de gomme resine, Diachylon gomme. Plas- 
 ter of gum resins. (Emplastr. aimpl. p. 1600, 
 cercB flavcB, p. 96, picis albcB, p. 96, terebinth, p. 
 96. Melt by a gentle heat, and add gum ammo- 
 niac, p. 32, bdellium- 32, galban. 32, and sngape- 
 nnm, p. 32. Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of 
 alcohol, evaporate to the consistence of honey, 
 and mix carefully all together. Ph. P.) A discu- 
 tient. 
 
 Ehplastrum Hvdrar'gyri, Mercu'rial plas- 
 ter, Emvlastr. lithar'gyri cum hydrar'gyro. [Hy- 
 drarg. ,^vj, ol. olio., resin, aa ^ij, emplast. plumbi, 
 Ibj. Melt the oil and resin together, and when 
 cool rnb the mercury with them till the globules 
 disappear, then gradually add the lead plaster, 
 jireviously melted, and mix all. Ph. U- S.) It is 
 »:timulant. resolvent, and discutient. Applied as 
 u (liscuticut to ,-enereal ii':d other tumours. 
 
 Emplastrum Hydrar'gyri Compos'itum, E. 
 de hydrar'gyro compos'itum, E. de Vigo cum mer- 
 cu'ria emenda'tum, Compound pilaster of mer'cury 
 {Empl. simpl. p. 1250, cera flara, p. 64, resincB, 
 p. 64. Melt, and before it congeals add pulv. g. 
 ammoniac, p. 20, bdellium, p. 20, oliban. p. 20, 
 myrrh, p. 20, saffron, p. 12. Mix carefullj'. 
 Take of mercury, p. 380, jjiuj-e iwpentine, p. 64, 
 liquid and piurc storax, p. 192. Triturate in an 
 iron mortar till the globules disappear : melt all 
 together, and before congealing add essential oil 
 of Lavender, p. 8. Pharni. P.) The same pro- 
 perties as the last. 
 
 Emplastrum Ichthyocoll^ teljj inductum, 
 see Sparadrapum adhajsivum — e. Irritans, E. 
 lyttso — e. Lithargyri, E. Plumbi — e. Lithargyri 
 compositum, E. galbani compositum — e. Lithar- 
 gyri cum gummi, E. gummosum — e. Lithargyri 
 cum hydrargyro, E. hydrargyri — e. Lithargyri 
 cum resina, E. resinaj — e. Lithargj'ricum cum 
 resina pini, E. resinas. 
 
 Emplastrum Lyttje, E. canthar' idis, E. cnn- 
 tharidis vesicato'rii, Plaster of the Spanish or 
 blistering fly, Blistering Plaster, Fly Plaster, E. 
 mel'oes vesicato'rii, E. vesicafo'rium, E. epispas'- 
 tieum, E. e cantharid'ibus epispas'ticum solid'ius 
 et tena'eius harens, E. irri'tans, E. ruhefi'ons. 
 (Cantharides, in powder, Ibj, Emp. cerce tbiss, 
 adipis. prcBP. tbj. Melt the plaster and lard to- 
 gether, and as the mixture becomes thick, on 
 cooling, sprinkle in the flies, and mix. Pharm. 
 L.) This is the common blistering plaster. Too 
 much heat must not be used in its preparation. 
 It requires to remain on six or eight hours before 
 its full effect is induced, and it acts sufficiently 
 well, provided even a piece of thin gauze or tissue 
 paper be placed between it and the skin, whilst 
 absorption of the flies is thus prevented. See 
 Blister. The Blistering Plaster of the Pharma- 
 copoeia of the United States, Cera'tum Canthar'i- 
 dis, is made as follows: — Cantharid. in pulv. 
 subtiliss., Ibj, cera flavcB, resina, aa 5vij, adijiis, 
 ^x. To the wax, resin, and lard, previously 
 melted, add the Spanish flies, and stir the mix- 
 ture constantly until cool. 
 
 Emplastrum Lytt^ Compos'itum, E. can- 
 thar' idis vesicato'rii compos'itum, E. mel'e'is vesi- 
 cato'rii compos'itum. Compound plaster of can- 
 thar'ides or Spanishflies. [Resin. Kg. pini laricia. 
 p. 18, resina concret. 2}i'ni abietis, meloes vesical. 
 aa p. 12, cera flava, p. 4, subacet. cupri, p. ij, 
 semin. sinapis alb., fruct. pip. nigr. aa p. j. Melt 
 the pitch and wax, then add the turpentine, and 
 as these cool sprinkle in the other substances, in 
 the form of powder, so as to make a plaster. 
 Ph. E.) The same properties as the last, but 
 more energetic and speedy in its action. 
 
 Emplastrum Meloes Vesicatorii, E.lyttas — 
 e. Meloes vesicatorii comp., E. lytta? comp. — e. 
 Mucilaginosum, Unguentum de althreu — e. Ni- 
 grum of Augsburg, see Magnet. 
 
 Emplastrum Norimbergen'se, E. ex o.v'ido 
 plumbi rubra camphora' turn, Emplatre de Nurem- 
 berg, Nuremberg plaster, ( Oxid. p>lumb. rubr. p. 
 300, ol. oliv. p. 600, aqua, q. s. Boil untU. the 
 oxide is dissolved, and almost to dryness. Re- 
 move the vessel from the fire and add yellow wax, 
 p. 500. Put the vessel again on the fire, and 
 after the wax is melted, add, before it congeals, 
 camphor, p. 24: mix. Ph. P.) It is considered 
 a desiccative, and has been employed in gan- 
 grene. 
 
 Emplastrum Nygmaticum, E. resinas. 
 
 Emplastrum Opii, O'pium Plaster. [Opii in 
 pulv. ^ij, Picis abiet. .^iij ; emplastr. plumbi ftij, 
 aq. hiiUicnt. f.^iv. Melt together the lead plaster 
 and Burgundy pitch ; then add the opium pre- 
 viouslj- mixed with the water, and boil over a 
 
EMPLATRE 
 
 323 
 
 EMPYEMA 
 
 gentle fire to the proper consistence. — Pli. U. S.) 
 It is employed as an anodyne, and to give sup- 
 port. 
 
 Emplastrfji Ox'idi Ferri Rdbri, E. Ferri 
 ruhri, E. Rob'orans, Plaster of red oxide of iron, 
 Strengthening plaster. {Empl. oxid. i^lumh. semi- 
 vitr. p. xxiv, rcsince pin. p. vi, cera flavm, olei 
 olecB Europ. sing. p. iij, oxidi ferri rubr. p. viij. 
 Rub the red oxide of iron with the oil, and add 
 the other ingredients melted. Ph. E.) It is 
 employed as a strengthening plaster. 
 
 Emplastritm ex Oxido plumbi semititreo, 
 E. plumbi — e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei, E. plumbi 
 — e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei gummosum, E. gum- 
 mosum. 
 
 Emplastrum Pn(ENiCEU5r, Diapalma — e. ex 
 Oxido plumbi rubro compositum, E. Norimber- 
 gense. 
 
 EiTPLASTRUM Picis Burgun'dic.c, Emplastrum 
 Picis, Burgundy Pitch Plaster, Pitch Plaster, 
 {Picis Burgund. fbvj ; cercB flav(B, Tbss.— Ph. U. S.) 
 
 EiiPLASTRUsr Picis CoMPOS'iTuir, E. cephaV- 
 icum, Cephal'ic plaster, Compionnd pitch pdaster. 
 (Picis arid, tbij, abietis resincB ftj, resinm flavcB, 
 ceras fiacm, aa 5iv, myrist. ol. §j, ol. oliv., aqua, 
 aa f^ij. To the pitch, resin, and veax, melted 
 together, add the other matters and mix. Ph. L.) 
 It is stimulant and rubefacient. Sometimes used 
 in headach, — applied to the temples. See De- 
 pilatory. 
 
 Emplastrum Picis cum Cantharide, E. Ca- 
 lefaciens. 
 
 Emplastrum de Pice et Resi'nts Glu'ti- 
 NANS, E. AndrecB de Cruce, Empldtre d' Andre de 
 la Croix, E. collant de poix et de resines, Adhe- 
 sive plaster of pitch and resins. (Picis cdbcs, p. 
 12S, resin elemi, p. 32, terebinth, pur. p. 16, ol. 
 laur. p. 16. Melt with a gentle heat, and pass 
 through linen. Ph. P.) Used in contusions and 
 fractures as a support. 
 
 Emplastrum Plumbi, E. lythar'gyri, E, com- 
 mu'ne, E. diach'ylum, E. ox'idi plumbi semivi'- 
 trei, E. ex oxido plumbi semivitreo, Diach'ylon 
 simplex, White Diach'ylon, Lead plaster, Biach'- 
 ylon plaster. [Plumbi oxid. semivitr. in pulv. R)v, 
 olei oliv., cong., aqucB Oij. Boil together over a 
 slow fire, stirring constantly until the oil and 
 oxide of lead cohere. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Emplastrum Polychrestum, E. resinee. 
 
 Emplastrum Resi'n.«, E. adhmsi'vum, E. li- 
 fhar'gyri cum resi'nd, E. resino'sum, E. nygmat'- 
 icum. Resin plaster, Adhe'sive or Sticking jjlaster, 
 Emplastrum commu' ne cum resi'nd, E. Polychres'- 
 tum, E. lithargyr'icum cum resi'nd pini. (Resin. 
 Jfess. emp. plumb. Ibiij. IMelt the plaster, with a 
 gentle heat, add the resin, and mix. Ph. U. S.) 
 Employed in wounds and ulcers. 
 
 Baynton's adhesive plaster is made by melting 
 one pound of lead plaster and sis drachms of 
 resin together. 
 
 Emplastrum REsraosuM, E. Resinas — e. Ro- 
 borans, E. Ferri (Ph. U. S.), E. oxidi ferri rubri 
 — e. Rubefians, E. lyttEe. 
 
 Emplastrum Sapo'nis, E. sapona'ceum. Soap 
 plaster. (Saponia concis. ^iv, emplast. plumb. 
 Ibiij. Mix the soap with the melted plaster, and 
 boil to a proper consistence. Ph. U. S.) It is a 
 mild discutient. Applied to tumours, corns, <S;c. 
 
 Emplastrum Simplex, E. cerce — e. Spermatis 
 ceti, Ceratum cetaeei. 
 
 Emplastrum Thuris, Frank'incense plaster. 
 ■ (Emp. lithargyri, Ibij, thuris, R)ss, oxid. ferri. 
 rubr. ^iij- Ph- B.,) Use: — the same as the plaster 
 of red oxide of iron. 
 
 Emplastrum Vesicatorium, Blister. E. lyttee 
 — e. de Vigo cum mercurio emendatum, E. hy- 
 drargyri compositum. 
 
 EMPL AT RE, Emplastrum— e. d'Andri de la 
 
 Croix, Emplastrum de pice et resinis glutinans — 
 e, de Cigue, Emplastrum cicuta3 — e. Collant do 
 poix et de resines, Emplastrum de pice et resinia 
 glutinans — e. de Gomme resine, Emplastrum cum 
 gummi-resinis — e. de Nuremberg, Emplastrum 
 Norimbergense. 
 
 EMPLATTOMEXOS, Emphracticus. 
 
 EMPNEUMATOSIS, Emphysema, Inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 E3TP0IS0NNE3IENT, Poisoning. 
 
 EMPO'RIUM, ifi-opiov, (tfi or tv, and toooj, 
 'a way,) 'a market or depot,' The brain was so 
 called, of old, because there all the mental aflairs 
 are transacted. 
 
 Emporium Spirituu^i, Sensorium. 
 
 EMPOSIS, Imbibition. 
 
 EMPREINTE, Impression. 
 
 EMPRESIS, Empresma, 
 
 EMPRES'MA, Empres'mus, Em2-)re'sis, from 
 e/i-prj^bi, ' I burn internally.' Inflammation. 
 Phlegma'ticB membrano'sm et 2^crynchymato's(P,, 
 Phlogis'tici, Febrea continum inflammato'ricB, In- 
 flamma'tio rnter'na, Cau'ma, Inter'nal inflainma- 
 tion. A genus in the class hmmatica, order pMo- 
 gotica, of Good. 
 
 Empresma Bronchitis, Cynanche trachealir — • 
 e. Bronchlemmitis, Cynanche trachealis — e. Car- 
 ditis, Carditis — e. Cephalitis, Phrenitis — e. Cys- 
 titis, Cystitis — e. Enteritis, Enteritis — e. Gastri- 
 tis, Gastritis — e. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — e. Hyster- 
 itis. Metritis — e. Nephritis, Nephritis — e. Orchitis, 
 Hernia humoralis—e. Otitis, Otitis — e. Paristh- 
 mitis, Cynanche — e. Paristhmitis tonsillaris ma- 
 ligna, Cynanche maligna — e. Paristhmitis pha- 
 ryngea, Cynanche pharyngea — e. Paristhmitis 
 tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris — e. Parotitis, Cy- 
 nanche parotidaea- — e. Peritonitis, Peritonitis — e. 
 Peritonitis mesenteriea, Mesenteritis— ^e. Periton- 
 itis omentalis, Epiploitis— e. Picis cum Cantharide, 
 E. calefaciens — e. Pleuritis, Pleuritis — e. Pleuritis 
 diaphragmatica, Diaphragmitis — e. Pneumonitis, 
 Pneumonia — e. Splenitis, Splenitis. 
 
 EMPRESMUS, Empresma. 
 
 EM'PRION, from ev, and ^piiav, 'a saw.' Ser- 
 rated. Galen has given this name to the pulse, 
 when the sensation produced by the artery under 
 the fingers is analogous to that which would bo 
 caused by the unequal teeth of a saw. 
 
 EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA, Lordosis. 
 
 EMPROSTHOT'ONOS, Emprosthoton'ia, En- 
 ta'sia tet'anus anti'cus. Tetanus anticus, from 
 eixirpoa^cv, 'forwards,' and rtivoi, '1 stretch,' 'I 
 extend.' A variety of tetanus, in which the body 
 is drawn forwards by the permanent contraction 
 of the muscles. 
 
 EM PSYCHO 'SIS, from tjix^vxoa, (cv, and 
 4'vxi< 'life,') 'I animate,' 'I vivify.' A word 
 formerly used for the act of animating. The union 
 of the soul with the body. 
 
 EMPTOE, Ha;moptysis. 
 
 EMPTOICA PASSIO, Hemoptysis. 
 
 EMPTYSIS, Hemoptysis. 
 
 EMPTYSMA, Sputum. 
 
 EMPYE, Empyema. 
 
 EMPYE'MA, Empye'sis, Em'pye, from tv, 'in, 
 and rvov, 'pus.' Aposte' ma empye'ma. A collec- 
 tion of blood or pus. and, conventionally, of other 
 fluid, in some cavity of the body, and particu- 
 larly in that of the pleura, Empj'ema is one of 
 the terminations of inflammation of the pleura, 
 and is called, also, Pyotho'rax verus, Pleurorrhce' a 
 puriden'ta, Biapiye'ma, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'ais, Em- 
 pye'sis pec'toris, Pyo'sis jyec'toris, Hydrotho'rax 
 piuriden'tus, Byspnoe'a pyothorae"ica, Pneumo'nioi 
 suppurato'ria, Absces'sus pec'toris, A. Thora'cin, 
 Pleuraposte'ma, Pleuropye'sis, (F.) Pi/opleuriU, 
 
EMPTESIS 
 
 324 
 
 EMYS 
 
 The operation for empyema properly means the 
 making of an opening into the thorax for the pur- 
 pose of giving issue to the matter collected in 
 the cavity of the pleura, although it has been 
 nsed for the operation required for the evacuation 
 of any fluid from the chest, or synonymously 
 ■with Paracentesis thoracis. 
 
 EMPYE'SISj same etymon. Suppuration. 
 An eruption of phlegmonous pimples, gradually 
 filling with a purulent fluid, and terminating in 
 thick scabs, frequently, leaving pits or scabs. 
 Pvs'tiilous Exan'tliem. A genus in the order Ex- 
 anthematica, class Mamatica of Good. See Em- 
 pyema. 
 
 Empyesis Oculi, Hypopyon — e. Pectoris, Em- 
 pyema — e. Variola, Variola. 
 
 EMPYMELIUM POLYSARCIA, Polysarcia 
 adiposa. 
 
 EMPTOCE'LE, from cv, 'in,' irvov, 'pus,' and 
 urihi, 'tumour,' 'hernia.' A tumour, formed by 
 an accumulation of pus in the scrotum. Diffe- 
 rent diseases have been described under this 
 name, such as suppuration of the testicle, em.py- 
 ema of the tunica vaginalis, accumulation of pus 
 in the cavity of a hernial sac, abscesses of dif- 
 ferent kinds formed in the cellular texture of the 
 scrotum, &c. 
 
 EMPYOM'PHALUS, from tv, 'in,' rrvov, 'pus,' 
 and o/ji/iaXof, 'the navel.' This word has been 
 used to designate a suppurating tumour at the 
 umbilicus; or, at times, umbilical hernia, the sac 
 of vehich is filled with blood. 
 
 EMPYOS, Purulent. 
 
 EMPYREU'MA, from tjji-vpma, (tv, and rvp, 
 'fire,') 'I kindle.' The burnt smell and acrid 
 taste, which volatile products— gaseous and liquid 
 — contract, when animal or vegetable substances 
 are decomposed by a strong heat. The cause 
 of this smell is seated in an oil, called ewjji/reii- 
 mat'ic, which does not exist in the substance sub- 
 jected to the operation, but is the result of its 
 decomposition. If the empyreuma occurs when 
 the organic substance is placed in a still with a 
 liquid, it is owing to the solid matter touching 
 the bottom of the vessel to which the fire is ap- 
 plied. 
 
 EMPYREUMAT'IC, Em2:>yreumat'ieus: same 
 etj'mon. Belonging to empyreuma, — aS an eni- 
 2)yrewnatio odour. 
 
 EM'PYROS, Fehric"itans, from Trup, 'fire or 
 fever.' One who has fever. — Hippocrates. 
 
 EMS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Celebrated 
 springs on the river Lahn, duchy of Nassau. 
 They are thermal (from 83 to 115° Fahrenheit,) 
 a,nd carbonated salines, containing carbonic acid, 
 bicarbonate of soda, and chloride of sodium ; an.d 
 are much used in gastric and intestinal affec- 
 tions, &c. 
 
 EMUL'GENT, Eimd'gens, from emuJgere, (e, 
 and mnhjere,) 'to milk out,' 'to draw out.' A 
 name given to the renal artery and vein, because 
 the ancients imagined they milked, as it were, 
 the urine through the kidneys. See Renal. 
 
 EMULSIN, see Amygdalin. 
 
 EMUL'SIO, Emul'sion; same etymon. A 
 pharmaceutical preparation, of a milky-white 
 opaque appearance, which is composed of oil, di- 
 vided and held in suspension in water by means 
 of mucilage. Emvilsions have been divided into 
 the true and oihj, and into the false or not oitij ; 
 the latter being composed of resinous substances, 
 balsams, or camphor, rubbed up with dilute al- 
 cobo!, mucilage, or yolk cf egg. 
 
 Emulsio Aca'cIjE AkAB'iCJS, Emnl'sio AraV- 
 rca / Gum Ar'abic Emul'sion. (Xneleor. amygd. 
 comm. .5J, aqiicR Ibijss, mvcilay. ncac. §ij, sacch. 
 ff'w. While beating the decorticated almonds 
 
 with the sugar and water, add the mucilage. — 
 Ph. E.) Used in the same cases as the last. 
 
 EjfULSIO Amyg'daLjE, Lac amyg'dalcs, Ennd'- 
 sio simplex, Amygdala' turn, 3Iistu'ra amygdala, 
 Emulsio sive Lac AmygdaWrvm, Almond Emul- 
 sion, Almond IfilJr, (F.) Zait d'arnandes. {Amyg- 
 dal. dulc. ^ss; Acacim, in pulv. ^^ss ; Saechar. 
 ^ij ; Aquae destillaf. f^viij. Macerate the al- 
 monds in water, and having removed their ex- 
 ternal coat, beat them with the gum Arabic and 
 sugar, in a marble mortar, till they are thoroughly 
 mixed; then rub the mixture with the distilled 
 water gradually added, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 It is used as a diluent and demulcent. 
 
 Emulsio Antihysterica, Mistura asafoetidae 
 — e. Arabica, Emulsio acaciae Arabieae. 
 
 Emulsio CA.M'PH0R^.i7. Camjjhora'ta, Mistu'ra 
 Camphora ; Campjhor Emulsion. (CamphorcB ^j, 
 amygd, com. decortic, sacch. dur., aa ^iv, aqua 
 §vj. — Ph. E.) A convenient form for giving 
 camphor. • 
 
 Ejiulsio Guaiacina, Mistura guaiaci — e. Le- 
 niens, Looch ex ovo. 
 
 Emflsio O'lei Amygdala'rtjm ; Emulsion of 
 Oil of Almonds, {01. amygd. ^j, gum acac. ptdc. 
 ^ij, syrup, ^j, aqucB destill. 51V. Mix. A good 
 pectoral or cough mixture. 
 
 Emulsio O'lei Ric"ini; Castor Oil Emulsion 
 (01. ricini ^ss, vitelli ovi q. s., aqua destillat. ^j.) 
 An aperient draught. 
 
 Emulsio O'lei Terebin'thin^ ; Emulsion of 
 Oil of Tur'pentine, {01. tereh. rect. "^ij. sacch. 
 alb. 3SS. vitell. ovi i, emuls. amygd. vel aqvm de- 
 stillat. §vj. Mix. In rheumatic and nephritic 
 afi"eetions. Dose f^iss. 
 
 Emulsio Oleosa, Looch ex ovo. 
 
 Emulsio Purgaxs cum Jala'p^ Resi'xa, 
 Purging Emulsion with Resin of .Jalap. {Ja- 
 lapxB resin, gr. xij. sacch. alb. ^ij. Triturate for 
 some time, and add gradually half the yolk of 
 an egg ; continue to triturate, adding by degrees 
 emuls. simpl. §v, aq.flor, aurant. ^ij-- — Ph. P.) 
 
 Emulsio Purgans cum ^c\in\o'sio; Purging 
 Emulsion with Scammony. It is prepared like 
 the preceding, substituting only Scammony for 
 the jalap. 
 
 Emulsio Simplex, E. Amygdala. 
 
 EMULSION, Emulsio — e. Almond. Emulsio 
 amygdalee — e. Camphor, Emulsio Camphorse — e. 
 Castor oil, Emulsio olei ricini — e. Gum Arabic, 
 Emulsio aeaciae Arabicfe — e. IIuileu'<e, Looch ex 
 ovo — e. of Oil of Almonds, Emulsio olei amygda- 
 larum — e. of Oil of Turpentine, Emulsio olei tere- 
 binthiuEB — e. Purging with resin of jalap, Emul- 
 sio purgans cum jalapse resina — e. Purging, with 
 scammony, Emulsio purgans cum scammonio. 
 
 EMUL'SR'E, Emulsi'vus; same etymon. An 
 epithet given to seeds whence oil may be ex- 
 tracted by expression ; such as almonds, apricots, 
 peaches, hemp, rape, melons, gourds; those of 
 the nut kind, and cucurbitaceous and cruciferous 
 plants in general. 
 
 EMUNCTORIUM, Emunetory — e. Cerebri, 
 Nasus. 
 
 EMUNC'TORY, -Frnxncfe'r?!;?;), from emungere, 
 {e, and mvngere,) 'to drain off.' 'to cleanse.' 
 Emissa'vium, (F.) Emonctoire, Emissaire. Any 
 organ whose office it is to give issue to matters 
 which ought to be excreted. The ancients be- 
 lieved that some organs were more particularly 
 destined to serve as emunetories of others : the 
 nasal fossae, for example, they believed to be the 
 emunetories of the brain. 
 
 EMUNDANTIA, Detergent?. 
 
 EMYS PALUS'TRIS, Salt Water Tcr'rapin. 
 This species of turtle is found exohisively in salt 
 or brackish waters, near the sea shore, along the 
 whole Atlantic coast. It is much prized by the 
 
EN 
 
 325 
 
 ENCEPHALOID 
 
 epicure, and is nutritious and tolerably easy of 
 digestion when dressed plain. 
 EN, see Em. 
 
 ENADELPHIA, Emhoitement. 
 EN.EMA, I-Iajmostatica. 
 EN.EMON, Styptic. 
 
 EXiEORE'MA, from £1/. 'in,' and ampco), '1 
 lift up,' 'that which hangs or floats in.' The 
 Xeph'ele, Nuhes, Suhlimamen'tvm, Snblima'tio, 
 Subli'me, Sitspen'sxm, S. Uri'ntB, Suspen'sa, Nn- 
 bec'ula or cloud, which is suspended in the urine 
 as it cools. 
 
 ENAM'EL OF THE 1'E'ETII, Den'tium Mtor, 
 Cortex, Cortex stria'ta, Substan'tia filamento'sa 
 of Malpighi, S. Adaman'tina den'tium, Crusta 
 Den'tium adaman'tina, Adamantine substance. 
 The substance which covers the coronas of the 
 teeth, and which has, also, been called the vitre- 
 ous substance, Subst/in'tia vit'rea, (F.) Substance 
 vitree ou em.aillee, JE mail des Bents. The enamel 
 is of a milky-white eolom-, and sufficiently hard 
 to strike fire with steel. Its surface is very 
 smooth and polished, and it forms a thicker 
 layer towards the part whei*e the teeth come in 
 contact, and becomes thinner towards the cervix. 
 The fibres of the enamel are perpendicular to the 
 surface of the teeth, on the ivory of which they 
 seem, as it were, planted. This gives them a 
 velvety appearance, when examined by the mi- 
 croscope. The enamel has no blood vessels, and 
 is not renewed when removed. It is formed of 
 phosphate of lime, and a very small portion of 
 animal matter. 
 
 ENANTHE'MA, same etymon as the next. 
 A name recently given to certain eruptions of the 
 mucous membrane, as exanthema is to certain 
 eruptions of the skin. 
 
 ENANTHE'SIS, from sv, 'in,' and avSew, 'I 
 flourish.' Hash exan'thein. Eruption of red, level 
 or nearly level patches, variously figured, irre- 
 gularly diffused, often confluent, and terminating 
 in cuticular exfoliations. A genus in the order 
 Exanthematica, class Hmmatica of Cullen, inclu- 
 ding scarlet fever, measles, <tc. 
 
 Enanthesis Rosalia, Scarlatina — e. Urtica- 
 ria, Urticaria. 
 
 ENANTIOPATHIC, Palliative. 
 ENARTHRO'SIS, Inarticnla'tio, Ball and 
 Socket-joint, from ev, 'in,' and apSpwaig, 'an arti- 
 culation.' A kind of diarthrodial articulation, in 
 which the head of a bone is received into the 
 cavity of another, and can be moved in all direc- 
 tions. The joint of the os femoris with the os- 
 innominatum is one of this character. 
 
 ENAR'THRUM, from tv, 'in,' and ap6)pov, 'a 
 joint.' A foreign body in a joint. 
 ENAUSMA, Fomites. 
 
 ENCAN'THIS, from tr, 'in,' and (cai-^of, 'the 
 angle of the eye.' A tumour, formed by an in- 
 crease in size, or a degeneration, of the caruncula 
 laehrj'malis. Any morbid growth in the inner 
 angle of the eye. 
 
 ExcANTHis Benig'na. Simple excrescence of 
 the caruncula. It commonly yields to astringent 
 collyria. 
 
 Encanthts Fungo'sa. a condition of the se- 
 milunar fold and lachrymal caruncle, in which 
 they are the seat of morbid growths. 
 
 Encanthis Ixflammato'ria. Inflammation 
 •with enlargement — swelling — of the semilunar 
 fold and lachrymal caruncle. 
 
 Encanthis Malig'na has often a cancerous 
 character, and requires extirpation before it has 
 attained any considerable size. 
 ENCARPOS, Pregnant. 
 ENCASING. Embottement. 
 ENCATALEPSIS, Catalepsy. 
 
 ENCATIIIS'MA, Semicu'pium. With the an- 
 cients Encathis'ma, ty/cadio-yiia, meant a vapour- 
 bath taken sitting. 
 
 ENCAU'MA, from tv, 'in,' and xavia, 'I burn.' 
 Ejncau'mis, Ejxlcaii'sis, Encau'sis. A tumour 
 produced by a burn. A burn. Also, an ulcer 
 of the transparent cornea, occasioning loss of the 
 humours.— Aetius, Gorrajus. 
 
 ENCAUSIS, Burp, Encauma, Moxibustion. 
 ENCAUSSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. En- 
 causse is a village in the department of the 
 Haute-Garonne, which possesses several saline, 
 acidulous springs. 
 
 Eye A VURE, Argema. 
 ENCEINTE, Pregnant. 
 ENGENS, Juniperus lyeia. 
 ENCEPHALALGIA, Cephalalgia— e. Hydro- 
 pica, Hydrocephalus internus. 
 
 ENCEPHAL'IC, Encephal'icvs, from tv, 'in,' 
 and Ki<pa\n, ' the head.' That which is situate in 
 the head. A name given to several parts which 
 relate to the encephalon, as, the encephalic mem- 
 branes, muscles, &c. 
 
 ENCEPHALI'TIS: same etymon. This term 
 has been used, by some nosologists, synonymously 
 with Cephali'tis and Phreni'tis. By others, it has 
 been appropriated to inflammation of the brain, 
 in contradistinction to that of the membranes. 
 
 Encephalitis Exsudatoria, Hydrocephalus 
 internus — e. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus 
 — e. Insolationis, Coujy-de-soleil — e. Membranosa, 
 Meningitis — e. Peripherica, Meningitis — e. Pota- 
 torum, Delirium tremens. 
 
 ENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum. 
 ENCEPHALOCE'LE, from syfcE^aXoi', 'the 
 brain,' and Kr]\r,, 'a tumour.' Hernia Cer'ebri, 
 Fungus Cerebri, Cranioce'le, Hernia of the Brain. 
 This may be a congenital or accidental affection. 
 In the former ease, it is dependent upon tardy 
 ossification of the fontanelles or some faulty con- 
 formation. In the latter, it is owing to some 
 considerable loss of substance in the parietes of 
 the cranium, produced by fractures, wounds with 
 a cutting instrument, caries, the application of 
 the trephine, &c. In slight congenital encepha^ 
 locele, gentle pressure may be exerted upon the 
 protruded portion. When the disease is of con- 
 siderable extent, it is fatal. In accidental ence- 
 phalocele, similar means must be used for con- 
 fining the tumour, and preserving it from the 
 action of external bodies. 
 
 ENCEPHALOCHYSIS, Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus — e. Senilis, Apoplexy, serous. 
 ENCEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia. 
 ENCEPHALOH^MIA, Cephalasmia. 
 ENGEPHALOHEMIE, Cephala3mia. 
 ENCEPH'ALOID, Encephaloides, Ceph'aloid, 
 Cephalo'ides, Cephalo'ma, from tyKt^aXov, 'the 
 brain,' and eiiog, 'resemblance.' Laennec has 
 given the term Encepth'aloid or Cer'ebriform 
 matter to one of the morbid substances commonly 
 formed by scirrhous or cancerous tumours. It is 
 either encysted, in irregular masses without cysts, 
 or infiltrated into the texture of the diseased or- 
 gan. This name was given to it in consequence 
 of its resemblance, when fully developed, to tha 
 medullary substance of the brain. It is also 
 called Fungus medulla'ris, F. Oancro'sus medul- 
 la'ris, Sarco'ma medullafre, Spongoid inflamma- 
 tion, Fungvs cerebra'lis. Cancer cerebrifor'me. 
 Cancer mollis, C. Medulla'ris, Carcino'ma meduU 
 la're, C. Spongio'sum, Carci'mis spongio'sus, Afi/e- 
 lo'ma, Myelomy'ces, Myelospon'gvs, 'Tela accident 
 ta'Us medulla'ris, (F.) Matiere c^rebriforme, Car. 
 cinome mou et spongeux, Tumeur encephaloides 
 Fongus meduJlaire, C<.xrcin6me sanglant. Cancer 
 mou; Milt-like tumou ,Med'ulHry aarcona, CeX • 
 
EXCEPHALOLOGIA 
 
 326 
 
 ENDERMIC 
 
 hilar cancer, Fuitgoid disease, Hmmatocer' ehriform 
 disease. See Cancer. 
 
 Ej<cephaloid Tumour of the Lung, Phthisis, 
 cancerous. 
 
 ENCEPHALOLOG"IA, from tycf^aXoj, 'the 
 encephalon,' and }^oyos, ' a description.-' A de- 
 scription of the encephalon. 
 
 ENCEPHALOMALACIA, Mollities cerebri. 
 
 ENCEPHALOMALAXIS, Mollities cerebri. 
 
 ENCEPH'ALON, Enceph'alum, Ence23h'alus, 
 from £v, ' in,' and KtipaXn, the head.' That which 
 is situate in th? head. This name has generally 
 been given to the brain, cereleUum, and mesoce- 
 phnlon. At times, it includes likewise the me- 
 dulla spinalis, when it is also called the Cer'ehro- 
 ejnnal axis and Neural axis. 
 
 EXGEPHALOPATHI'A, from tycf^aXo?, 'the 
 encephalon,' and TraOos, ' disease.' A disease of 
 the encephalon. 
 
 EncephalopathiaPueepeealis, Mania, puer- 
 peral — e. Saturnina, see UncejihalojiatMe satur- 
 nine. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPATHIE ORAPULEUSE, 
 Delirium tremens. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPATHIE SATURNINE, En- 
 cephalopathi'a Saturni'na, from £yK£0aAo;, 'the 
 encephalon,' xaOos, 'disease,' and sahimus, 'lead.' 
 Encephalic disorder occasioned by the poison of 
 lead. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA, Phjmato'ses seu 
 Strumo'ses seu Tuber'cula cer'ebri. Tubercles of 
 the brain. 
 
 EXCEPHALOPHTHISIS, see Encephalo- 
 pyosis. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPTO'SIS, from £y»:£0aXo5, 'the 
 brain,' and -vov, 'pus.' A2wste'ma seu Ahsces'sus 
 seu Eelco'sis cer'elri. Suppuration of the brain. 
 "When accompanied with emaciation and hectic, 
 it is called Ence2}liaJopt'hi'sis. 
 
 ENCEPHALORRHAGIA, see Apoplexy. 
 
 ENCEPHALOSCOPIA, Craniology. 
 
 EXCEPHALOSEPSIS, Mollities cerebri. 
 
 EXCEPHALOSIS OF THE LIVER, Hepa- 
 toscirrhus. 
 
 EjSiCEPHALOSISMUS, Concussion of the 
 brain. 
 
 EXCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS, see Hydrocepha- 
 lus internus. 
 
 ENCEPHALUM, Encephalon. 
 
 EXCEPHALUS OPISTHIUS, Cerebellum. 
 
 EXCEROSIS, Inceration. 
 
 EXCHARAXIS, Scarification. 
 
 EXCHEIRE'SIS, Enchire'sis,Enc7iei'ria, from 
 £v, and x^'P> 'the hand.' Galen uses this term as 
 a part of the title to one of his works, which treats 
 of dissection. It means the manual treatment of 
 any subject. 
 
 EXCHEIRIA, Encheiresis. 
 
 ENCHIFRENEMENT, Coryza. 
 
 EXCHIRESIS, Encheiresis. 
 
 EXCHOXDROMA. Chondroma. 
 
 EXCHORIOXOSUS, Endemic. 
 
 EXCHORIOS, Endemic. 
 
 EXCHRISTOX, Liniment. 
 
 EXCHYLOSIS, Extraction. 
 
 EXCHYMA, Infusum, Plethora. 
 
 EXCHYMO'MA, Euchymo'sis, from tv, and 
 X^^t ' I pour.' By the ancients, this word was 
 used to designate the sudden effusion of blood 
 into the cutaneous vessels which arises from joy, 
 linger, or sname ; in the last instance constituting 
 blushing. It differs from enchymosis in there 
 being, in the latter, extravasation of blood into 
 the areolar texture, and its being produced by 
 an external cause; a contusion, for example. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 EXCHYSIS, Infusion. 
 
 ENCLA VEE, "\Yedged. 
 
 ENGL A VEMENT, see Wedged. 
 
 ENCLUJfE, Incus. 
 
 EXCLYDAS'TICOS, intvs fluc'tuans, from t>- 
 K\viai,ofiai, 'to iioat in.' Applied to liquids, e. g. 
 to serum, pus, &c., contained in any cavity. 
 
 EXCLYSMA, Clyster, Enema. 
 
 EXCQi'LIA, from cv, 'in,' and KoiXta, 'the bel- 
 ly.' The abdominal viscera. The entrails. 
 
 EXCffiLIALGIA, Tormina — e. Inflammatoria, 
 Encoelitis. 
 
 ^XCCELI'TIS, Enccelii'tis, Enc<xlialg"ia in- 
 flammato'ria, Inflariima'tio ahdomina'lis, from 
 £)'/coiXia, ' the abdominal contents,' and itis, in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of any of the abdo- 
 minal viscera. 
 
 EXCOLPIS'MUS, from sv, 'in,' and (foXroj, 
 ' the vagina.' Injection or introduction of any 
 thing into the vagina. 
 
 EXCOPE, Diacope, Incision. 
 
 EXCRAXIOX, Cerebellum. 
 
 EXCRAXIS, Cerebellum. 
 
 ENCRE, Atramentum. 
 
 EXCYESIS, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 EXCYMOX, Pregnancy. 
 
 EXCYMOSIA, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 EXCYSIS, Pregnancy. 
 
 EXCYST'ED, Cystide oldue'tus, Sacca'tus, 
 Sacctda'tus, Sac'cated, Sac'culated, Pouched. 
 Enclosed in a kyst or cyst, or pouch ; from tv, 
 'in,' and kvctti;, 'bladder.' (F.) Enhyste. An 
 epithet given to certain tumours, or solid or fluid 
 collections enclosed in a particular envelope or 
 cyst. They are movable and often elastic to the 
 touch. 
 
 EXCYS'TIS, Timor tunica'tus, T. cys'ticus, 
 Emphy'ma encys'tis. Same etymon. Ln'2Jia, 
 Glan'dula Avicen'ncB, Nodus. An encysted tu- 
 mour. 
 
 ENDAX'GIUM; properly Endangi'on, from 
 tv6ov, 'within,' and ayytiov, 'a vessel.' The se- 
 rous or lining membrane of vessels. 
 
 EXDEICTICOS, Indicant. 
 
 EXDEIXIOL"OGY, E7ideixiolog"ia- from ev- 
 6tt^is, 'indication,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The 
 doctrine of indications. 
 
 EXDEIXIS, Indication. 
 
 EXDEMIA, Endemic. 
 
 EXDEM'IC, Endem'ical, Ende'mia, Regiona'- 
 lis morbus, Endem'ieus, from /v, ' in,' and irj/jios, 
 'the people;' Encho'rivs, Enehorion'osus, Ycr. 
 nac'uhis seu Endemius mor'bus, Endemy. A dis- 
 ease is said to be endemic, or to arise from ende- 
 mic" ity, (F.) endemicite, when it is owing to some 
 peculiarity in a situation or localitj'. Thus, ague is 
 endemic in marshy countries ; goitre at the base 
 of lofty mountains, Ac. Some authors use the 
 term in the same sense as epidemic. We have 
 no accurate knowledge of the emanations or 
 other circumstances which give occasion to en- 
 demic afl'ections. We seem to know that some 
 emanation from marshy lands does produce in- 
 termittents ; but we are ignorant of the nature of 
 such emanation. 
 
 ENDEMICITE, see Endemic. 
 
 EXDEMICITY, see Endemic. 
 
 EXDEMIOL'OGY, Endemiolog"ia, from tv^r,- 
 Ilia, 'an endemic,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The 
 doctrine of endemic diseases. 
 
 EXDEMY, Endemic. 
 
 EXDEPIDERMIS, Epithelium. 
 
 EXDER'MIC, Ender'micus, Enderriiat'icns, 
 Em])las'tro-endermic, from tv, 'in,' and Scpftn, 'the 
 skin.' An epithet given to the method of treat- 
 ing diseases by placing the therapeutical agent 
 in contact with the skin, especially after the cu- 
 ticle has been removed; Endennism, Endermis'- 
 mus, Endenuo'sis, Jlclh'odus ender'm/ca seu en- 
 
ENDERMIS 
 
 327 
 
 ENEMA 
 
 dermat'ica. Morphia, stryclinia, &G.) are often 
 administered in this way. 
 
 ENDERMIS, see Endermic. 
 
 ENDERMISMUS, see Endermic. 
 
 ENDERMOSIS, see Endermic. 
 
 EN'DESIS, from tv, 'in,' and hea, '1 hind.' 
 A ligature, bandage, connexion. Hippocrates 
 has so termed the ankle-joint. 
 
 ENDIVE, Cichorium endivia— e. Wild, Cicho- 
 rium intybus. 
 
 ENDIVIA, Cichorium endivia, 
 
 ENDIXTS, Indication. 
 
 ENDO, from tvBov, 'within.' A common prefix, 
 as in the following terms : 
 
 ENDO-AORTI'TIS, from tv5ov, 'within,' and 
 aortitis, 'inflammation of the aorta.' Inflamma- 
 tion of the lining membrane of the aorta. 
 
 ENDO-ARTERITIS. see Arteritis. 
 
 ENDOCAR'DIAC, Endocar'dial, EndoearcW - 
 acus : same etymon as the next. Relating to the 
 endocardium, or to the interior of the heart; as 
 ' endocardiao sound, or murmur,' — a sound pro- 
 duced within the cavities of the heart, in contra- 
 distinction to exocardiac or exocardial sounds or 
 murmurs, which are induced by conditions of the 
 external surface of the organ. 
 
 ENDOCARDI'TIS, Gardi'tis inter'na, Inflam.- 
 ma'tio superjic"iei inter'ncB cordis, Inter'nal Car- 
 ditis, IiiJIamma'tion of the internal memhrane of 
 tJie heart, from Endocard'ium, the lining mem- 
 brane of the heart, and itia, inflammation. In 
 this disease, the heart's action is visibly in- 
 creased, and very manifest to the touch ; the 
 hand is strongly repelled, and, at moments, is 
 sensible of a trembling vibratory motion. Per- 
 cussion gives a dull sound over a surface of seve- 
 ral inches, owing, according to Bouillaud, to the 
 inflammatory turgescence of the heart, and the 
 engorged state of its cavities. On auscultation 
 a bruit de souffiet is generally heard, masking 
 one or both sounds of the heart; and the ear is 
 sensible of a metallic ringing with each systole 
 of the ventricle. The pulsations are rapid as 
 well as strong, and, with few exceptions, irregu- 
 lar, unequal and intermittent. The pulse, by the 
 way, does not always indicate the force or num- 
 ber of the heart's contractions. 
 
 ENDOCAR'DIUM, from cvSov, 'within,' and 
 Ka^iSui, ' the heart.' The membrane that lines 
 the interior of the heart. 
 
 ENDOCHORION, see Chorion. 
 
 ENDOCOLITIS, Dysentery. 
 
 ENDODONTI'TIS, (F.) inflammation de la 
 Puipe dentaire, Inflammation of the Dental mem- 
 hrane, ivom. ei/ooi/, 'within,' o&ovg, 'a tooth,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the lining membrane of a tooth. 
 
 ENDO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
 
 ENDOGASTRI'TIS, Esogastri'tis: from zviov, 
 'within,' and gastritis, 'inflammation of the sto- 
 mach.' Inflammation of the lining membrane 
 of the stomach. 
 
 ENDOGEN, see Endogenous. 
 
 ENDOG"ENOUS; from €viov, 'within,' and 
 ytvvaw, ' I engender.' A term first applied to 
 plants — hence called End'ogens — in which the 
 new woody matter is deposited within the old 
 and towards the centre. In the animal, cells are 
 often formed endogenoushj, or within the cells, as 
 in the case of the sperm vesicles. 
 
 ENDOLYMPH, Vitrine auditive. 
 
 ENDOMETRI'TIS, from £1-501', 'within,' and 
 metritis, 'inflammation of the uterus.' Inflam- 
 mation of the lining membrane of the uterus. 
 
 ENDONARTERITIS, see Arteritis. 
 
 ENDOSIS, Remission. 
 
 ENDO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
 
 ENDOSMOSE, Endosmo'sis, Imlihit"io, Tm. 
 bibit"ion, from evSov, 'within,' and <aauo;, 'im- 
 pulse.' A term used by Dutroehet, to express 
 the action by which fluids pass from without 
 to within organic membranes. The action of 
 two fluids on each other, when separated by a 
 membrane. The general conditions of the phe- 
 nomena are:- — first, that they should have an 
 aflinity for the interposed membrane; and se- 
 cond/}/, that they should have an aflinity for each 
 other, and be miscible. 
 
 At the present day, endosmose is generally used 
 to signify the passage of the more transmissible 
 fluid, whilst exosmose signifies that of the least 
 transmissible. The rapidity with which endos- 
 mose is accomplished varies according to the 
 nature of the septum or tissue and of the pene- 
 trating body, and to the penetrability of the tissue. 
 
 ENDOSMOT'IC, Endosmot'icus ; same etymon. 
 Belonging to endosmose : — as an ' endosmotic cur- 
 rent.' 
 
 ENDOSTEI'TIS, from ivSov, 'within,' octsov, 
 'a bone,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the internal periosteum. 
 
 ENDOSTEUM, Medullary membrane. 
 
 ENDOUTERITIS, see Metritis. 
 
 ENJDUIT (P.), from induere, 'to put upon, 
 'to put on.' A coat ; a fur. This term is often 
 applied to a lay^r of greater or less thickneas 
 which covers the surface of certain organs, and 
 particularly of the tongue and the interior of the 
 mouth. The enduit is designated variously, ac- 
 cording to its appearance, — enduit bilieux, jaune, 
 blanc, &e. — a bilious, yellow, white coat or fur, 
 &c. It is at times owing to the evaporation of 
 the watery portions of the secretions; at others, 
 to a morbid condition of the secretions: — gene- 
 rally, to both causes combined. 
 
 ENDUIT CHOROIDIEN, see Choroid. 
 
 ENDVROISSEMENT, Induration— e. du 
 Cerveaii, Sclerencephalia — e. liouye, see Hepati- 
 zation — e. du Coeur, Cardiosclerosie — e. du Tissu 
 cellulaire, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 ENDYMA VENTRICULORUM, Ependyma 
 ventriculorum. 
 
 ENECHEMA, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 ENECIA, Synocha — e. Cauma, Synocha — e. 
 Synochus Puerperarum, see Peritonitis — e. Syno- 
 chus, Synochus. 
 
 EN'EMA, from tvirjtii, {ev, and ini^h) 'to inject.' 
 Clysma, Clysmus, Enclys'ma, Lavamen'tvm, Lo'tio, 
 An Injection, Clyster, (F.) Clystere, Lavement. 
 A well-known form of conveying medicine into 
 the intestinal canal. See Cl.yster. 
 
 Enema Anod'ynum, Enema O'pii ; An'odyne 
 Clyster, Starch and Opixim Clyster. [Oelat. amyli 
 Oss, tinct. opii gtt. 40 vel 60.) Exhibited in cases 
 of severe diarrhoea or dysentery. 
 
 Enema Cathar'ticum ; Purging Clyster. 
 {ManncB 3J, decoct, chamam. comp. gx, old oliv. 
 ^j, sulph. magnes. ^ss. Ph. D.) 
 
 Enema Commu'ne ; Common Clyster, Domestic 
 Clyster. ( Water gruel, or molasses and water Uss 
 or Oj ; add a little oil or lard, and a spoonful of 
 common salt.) Given as a cathartic enema; and, 
 without the common salt, as an emollient. 
 
 Enema Fcet'idum, Fetid Clyster ; Mis'tura a^«- 
 foct'idcB pro clys'mate, Clysma ton'icum et anti- 
 spasmod'icum sen in'citans et sedans, (F.) Lavt- 
 ment antispasmodique. [The last, tuith the adcli^ 
 tion oy ^ij of the tincture of asafcetida. Ph. D.) 
 Given as an antispasmodic and anodj'ne. 
 
 Enema Ntcotia'njs ; Tobac'co Clyster. This 
 generally consists of from half a pint to a pint of 
 the Infusum Tabaei. It is employed in eases of 
 strangulated hernia; but occasionally acts as a 
 fatal poison when given in this way. The smoke 
 
ENEPIDERMIC 
 
 528 
 
 ENSTROPHE 
 
 of tohacco is sometimes thrown up the rectum to 
 produce the same medicinal effects as the infusion. 
 
 Enema Opii, E. anodj^num. 
 
 Eneiia Terebin'thin^; Tur'pentine Clyster. 
 ( 01. tereb. t^'iij, gruel Oss, one yolk of egg. In- 
 corporate the turpentine with the yolk, then add 
 the gruel.) To be administered in cases of asca- 
 rides, (oxtjures.) 
 
 ENEPIDERM'IC, Enepider'viicus, from tv, 
 'in,' £-£, 'upon,' and Iszfjxa, 'the skin.' An epi- 
 thet given to the method of treating diseases, 
 which consists in the application of medicines ; 
 as plasters, blisters, &c., to the skin. 
 
 ENEREISIS, Compression. 
 
 ENERGIA, Action, Force. 
 
 EN'ERGY, Energi'a, from fwpycw, {cv, and 
 tfyov, ' action,') ' I act.' Action. Acting power. 
 Also, vigour; as the 'muscular energy;' the 
 'brain acts icith energy.' 
 
 EXER.VATIO, Aponeurosis, Enervation. 
 
 ENERVA'TIOiST, Enerva'tio, from e, 'out of,' 
 and nervus, 'strength.' The act of weakening — 
 the state of being weakened. See Debility. 
 
 ENERVATIONES TENDINEiE, Inscripti- 
 ones tendinea3 musculorum. 
 
 ENERVITAS, Inertia. 
 
 ENFANCE, Infancy. 
 
 ENFANT, Infans — e. d Teniae, see Foetus — e. 
 Ligitime, see Legitimate. 
 
 ENFLURE, Swelling, (Edema — e. des Jambes 
 et des euisses de la fernme accouchee, Phlegmatia 
 dolens. 
 
 ENF0NCE2IENT SCAPHOIDE, Scaphoi- 
 des fossa. 
 
 ENGASTERIOX, Laboratory. 
 
 ENGASTRIMISME, see Engastrimyth. 
 
 EXGASTRIMYSME, see Engastrimyth. 
 
 ENGAS'TRIMYTH ; Engastrimy'ihus, En- 
 glotfogas'tor, Gastril'oqxms, Ventril'oquus, Gas- 
 tril'oquist, Eu'rycles, Eurycli'tus, Enteroman'tis, 
 Gastroman'tis, from av, ' in,' yaarrio, ' the belly,' 
 and iiv^iouai, 'I discourse.' A Ventril'oquist. 
 (F.) Ventriloque, Gastriloqne. One who pos- 
 sesses the art of modifying his natural voice, so 
 that it seems to come from a greater or less dis- 
 tance, and from different directions. It was for- 
 merly believed that such persons spoke from the 
 belly; hence their name. It is an imitative art, 
 and is called Vextriloquism. (F.) Engastri- 
 misine, Engastrhnysme. 
 
 ENGEl'SOMA, Engisoma. 
 
 ENGELURE, Chilblain. 
 
 ENGHIEN MONTMOREXCY, MIXERAL 
 "WATEPwS OF. A hydrosulphurous water, four 
 leagues from Paris, near Montmorency, which is 
 possessed of some celebrity. It contains chloride 
 of sodium, chloride of magnesium, sulphate of 
 magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate of magne- 
 sia, carbonate of lime, silica, sulphohj'drate of 
 lime and magnesia, sulphohydric acid, carbonic 
 acid and azote. 
 
 ENGISO'MA, Engeiso'ma, Engizo'ma, from 
 £yy£^o), 'I approximate.' (F.) Embarrure. A 
 species of fracture of the skull, in which a splin- 
 ter passes beneath the sound portion of the bone, 
 and compresses the brain. — Galen. Also, a kind 
 of instrument used in fractures of the clavicle. 
 
 ENGLISH DISEASE, Rachitis. 
 ' ENGLOTTOGASTOR, Engastrimyth. 
 
 ENGOMPIIOSIS, Gomphosis. 
 
 ENGORGEMENT, from en, 'in,' and ^or^e, 
 ' the throat.' An obstruction occurring in the 
 ressels of a part, giving rise to augmentation of 
 volume. Congestion. 
 
 ENGORGEMENT BES ME MB RES AB- 
 OOMINAUXl LA SUITE DES COUCHES, 
 
 Phlegmasia dolens — e. Hepatic, Eepatohaemia — 
 e. Laiteux des membree ahdominaux, Phlegmatia 
 dolens. 
 
 ENGOUEMENT (F.), Obstruc'tio, Iner'tia, 
 from angere, ' to choke.' Accumulation in a 
 hollow organ, of the matters secreted by it or 
 carried into it. There is said to be Engouement 
 des branches, when the mucus accumulates in the 
 bronchia; and Engovement des intestins, when 
 the matters which ought to pass through the in- 
 testines are detained; as in a case of strangulated 
 hernia. 
 
 ENG UEMENT DES P UMONS, E. of th e 
 lungs, in Pathological Anatomy, signifies that 
 state of the lungs, in which a mixture of air and 
 thin fluid escapes from them when cut into. 
 
 ENGOURDISSEMENT, Torpor. 
 
 ENGRENURE, Suture. 
 
 ENHiEMATOSIS, Hajmatosis. 
 
 ENIXA, Puerpera. 
 
 ENIXIO FCETLIS, Parturition. 
 
 EXIXUS FCETUS, Parturition. 
 
 ENKYSTE, Encysted. 
 
 ENKYSTEMENT, Chatonnemenf. 
 
 ENXEAPHAR'MACOS, from ewta, 'nine,' 
 and (papiJiaKov, 'a medicine.' A medicine, com- 
 posed of nine simple ingredients. A pessary, so 
 formed. — Galen, Paulus. The Antid'otns Ucra- 
 cli'dis, described by Galen, and some plasters by 
 Aetius and Celsus, are, likewise, termed Ennea- 
 pharmaca. — Gorrceus. 
 
 EXOR'MOX, cvupfiwv. Mormon, Im'2:)etum fa'- 
 ciens, from £v, 'in,' and oopau), 'I rouse, 'excite.' 
 A word used by Hippocrates in the same sense 
 as vitrAl principle is by modern physiologists. 
 
 EXOSIS, Insertion. 
 
 EXOSTOSIS, Entosto'sis, from cv, 'in,' and 
 oareov, 'a bone.' A morbid growth of bone in- 
 wards — the opposite to exostosis. 
 
 EXRYTH'MOS,from£v, and p«5f/.o?, 'number.' 
 Having rhythm. An epithet applied to the pulse 
 when its pulsations occur with some degree of 
 order. It is opposed to Aryth'mos, and differs 
 from Eurythmos, which signilies 'regular.' 
 
 ENRO UEMENT, Raucedo. 
 
 EXS. A being. Paracelsus meant, by this 
 term, the power exerted by certain beings on 
 our body. He speaks of the Ens Dei, the Ens 
 Astro'rum, the Ens natura'le, the Ens virtu'tis, 
 Ens murho'runi. Ens de poten'tibus spnrit'ibus, &.C. 
 These absurd denominations suggested to some 
 of the ancient chymists a name for certain chemi- 
 cal preparations. The muriate of ammonia and 
 iron was called Ens martis; the muriate of am- 
 monia and copper, Ens veneris; and Ens prinuim 
 was, with the alchymists, the name of a tincture 
 which they considered fiossessed of the power of 
 transmuting metals. 
 
 Exs Martis, Ferrum ammoniatum — e. Veneris 
 Boylei, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
 
 EN'SIFORM, En%ifor'niis, from ensis, '» 
 sword,' and forma, 'form.' Sword-like. 
 
 En'siform AropH'ysES or Proc"esses are the 
 lesser aire of the sphenoid.bone. 
 
 Ensiform Appen'dix or Car'tilage is the 
 xiphoid appendix of the sternum, &e. See Xi- 
 phoid. 
 
 EXSIFORMIS. Xiphoid. 
 
 EXSI-STERXAL. Relating to the ensiform 
 process of the sternum. Beclard gave this name 
 to the last osseous portion of the sternum. He 
 also called it I'os ultimi-aternal. See Ultimo- 
 sternal. 
 
 ENSOMATOSIS, Incorporation. 
 
 EXSTALAX'IS, Instillation. 
 
 EX'STROPIIE, from cv, 'in,' and orpt^w, 'I 
 turn.' Inversion of a part, as of the eyelids. 
 
ENTABLEMENT 
 
 329 
 
 ENTER0CACi2 
 
 ENTABLEMENT, Depression. 
 ENTAIL LE {¥.), from en, 'in,' and tailler, 
 'to cut.' Excis'io, Ec'cojje, Ec'tome. A deep 
 wound made by a sharp instrument obliquely. 
 Entaillea and faillades are, also, used to desig- 
 nate deep scarifications, made for the purpose of 
 producing a speedy degorgement of any tumefied 
 part; such, for example, as are made in the 
 toni2:ue in certain cases of glossitis. 
 ENTANTHEMA, Eisanthema, 
 ENTASIA, Tonic spasm — e. Articularis, Con- 
 traetura — e. Loxia, Torticollis — e. Priapismus, 
 Priapismus — e. Systremma, Cramp — e. Tetanus, 
 Tetanus — e. Tetanus anticus, Emprosthotonos — 
 e. Trismus, Trismus. 
 
 ENTASIS. Tonic spasm. 
 
 ENTAT'ICUS, Jntensi'vns, from evruvu), 'I 
 make tense.' A medicine which excites the ve- 
 nereal appetite. 
 
 ENTELIPATHIA, Iv^ymphomania. 
 ENTELMINTHA, Worms. 
 ENTENLEMENT, Intellect. 
 ENTERAD'ENES, from tvrcpov, 'an intestine,' 
 and ainv, ' a gland.' The mucous glands of the 
 intestines. See Peyeri glandulse. 
 
 ENTERADEXOG'PvAPHY, Enteradenogra'- 
 phia, from evTEpov, 'intestine,' aSrjv, 'gland,' and 
 ■ypa<p>], ' a description.' A description of the in- 
 testinal glands. 
 
 ENTERADENO L'OGT, Enteradenolog"ia, 
 from tvTtpov, ' intestine,' aSiiv, ' gland,' and Aoyoj, 
 ' a treatise.' That part of anatomy which treats 
 of the intestinal glands. 
 
 ENTERAL'GIA, Enterodyn'ia, from tvTzpov, 
 'intestine,' and a\yos, 'pain.' Pain in the intes- 
 tines. Colic. 
 
 Enteralgia Acuta, Enteritis — e. Inflamma- 
 toria, Enteritis — e. Saturnina, Colica metalliea. 
 
 ENTERANGEMPHRAXIS, Enterangi- 
 emphraxis. 
 
 ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Enteran- 
 gemplirax'is, from evrepov, ' intestine,' ayx'^t ' I 
 strangle,' and Ef/^pao-o-w, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction 
 of the vessels of the intestines. 
 
 ElsTEB. ATROVWI A, AtrojjJi'ia Tntestino'ritm, 
 {rom cvrtpov, 'intestine,' and atrophia, 'want of 
 nutrition.' Atrophy of the coats of the intestines. 
 ENTERAUXE, from evrtoov, 'intestine,' and 
 av^rt, 'increase.' Hypertrophy of the muscular 
 coat of the intestines. — Fuchs. 
 
 ENTERECHE'MA, Son'itus iniestina'Us. The 
 sound of the movement of the intestines, heard 
 by the stethoscope. 
 
 ENTEREC'TASIS, BUata'tio IntenHno' rum, 
 from cvTipov, 'intestine,' and CKraaig, 'dilatation.' 
 Dilatation of the intestines, as in tympanites. 
 
 ENTERELCO'SIS, Enterheleo'sis, Enterohel- 
 co'sia, from evrcpov, 'intestine,' and 'iAKuo-ij, 'ul- 
 cei'ation.' Ulceration of intestines — Uleera'tio 
 intestina'lis, Ul'cera inteatina'lia. 
 ENTERELESIA, Ileus. 
 ENTERELOSIS, Ileus. 
 
 ENTEREMPHRAX'IS, Infarc'tus Intestino'- 
 rnm, Incarcera'tio intestino'rum inter'no, ( F. ) 
 Etranglement dea Intesting, E. Tntestinale, from 
 tvTcpov, 'intestine,' and ciKppa^i;, 'obstruction.' 
 Obstruction of the Intestines from accumulation 
 of f£eces or otherwise. Also, Enterangiemphraxis. 
 ENTEREN'CHYTA, Enteren'chytes, from tv- 
 Tcpov, ' an intestine,' ev, ' in,' and x^'^t ' I pour.' 
 Any surgical instrument for administering injec- 
 tions. — Scultetus. 
 
 ENTEREPIPLOCELE, Enteroepiplocele. 
 EIS'TEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE, from cvtc- 
 pnv, 'intestine,' c~iTr\oov, 'omentum,' t^KpoKos, 
 
 'navel,' and KtfKri, 'rupture.' Hernia of the um- 
 bilicus with protrusion of the omentum and in- 
 testine. 
 
 ENTERHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis— e. Nervosa, 
 Typhus (abdominal.) 
 
 ENTERHYPERTR0PH'IA,£i/2>er//-ojD^'i"ain- 
 testino'rum, from evrtpov, 'intestine,' and hijper- 
 trophia, ' excessive nutrition.' Hypertrophy of 
 the coats of the intestines. 
 
 ENTER'ICA, from EiTcpov, 'an intestine.' Dis- 
 eases affecting the alimentary canal. Order I., 
 Class I. (Cceliaca,) of Good. Also, medicines 
 aifecting the alimentary canal. 
 
 ENTERITE EOLLICULEUSE, see Typhus 
 — e. Ti/phoheiniqtie, Typhoid fever. 
 
 ENTERI'TIS, from tvrepov, 'an intestine,' and 
 iti's, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the intestines. Empres' ma Enteritis, Intestino'rum 
 ■inflamma'tio, Ileo-coli'tis, Chordap'sus, Cauma 
 Enteritis, EnterophIog"ia, EnteropMogo'sis, Co'- 
 lica acuta, C. injiammato'ria, Il'eus inflammato'- 
 rius, Enteral'gia acu'ta, E. Inflammato'ria, Fe- ■ 
 hris intestino'rum, F. ili'aca inflammato'ria, En~ 
 terop'yra, (F.) Enterite, Inflammation deslntestins. 
 The essential symptoms of this disease are : — 
 violent abdominal pain, increased on pressure; 
 with vomiting and inflammatory fever. Enteritis* 
 may afi'ect both the peritoneal and the mucous 
 coat of the intestines; and, in violent cases, all 
 the coats may be implicated. The structure of 
 the mucous and peritoneal coats is difl'erent; so 
 are their functions in health and disease. The 
 inflammation of the serous coat, Sero-enferitis, 
 resembles that of the cellular membrane; the 
 inflammation of the mucous coat that of the skin. 
 The former is usually, therefore, of a more active 
 character. Inflammation of the mucous coat, 
 Eso - enteri'tis, Endo - enteri'tis, Ihico - enteri'tis, 
 Mucous Enteritis, Phlegmymeni'tis enter'ica, ia 
 generally attended with diarrhoea, and its patho- 
 logy is identical with that of dysentery. Inflam- 
 mation of the peritoneal coat is, on the other 
 hand, generally attended with constipation. 
 
 Enteritis of the peritoneal coat, for such usually 
 is the meaning of the word in the abstract, re- 
 quires the most active treatment. Copious bleed- 
 ing, followed up by a large dose of opium — and, 
 if the symptoms be not decidedly ameliorated, 
 repeating the bleeding and opium — warm fomen- 
 tations, and blisters, are the chief agents to be 
 relied upon. Purgatives ought not to be exhibited 
 until the inflammation and spasm are abated by 
 the use of the bleeding and opium. When the 
 physician is called early, this plan will usually 
 succeed. Sometimes, Enteritis passes into a chro- 
 nic state, requiring much careful management. 
 Broussais considered inflammation of the mucous 
 coat of the stomach and intestines as the proxi- 
 mate cause of the phenomena of fever. 
 
 Enteritis Aethritica, Cceliagra — e. Colica, 
 Colitis — e. Epiploitis, Epiploitis — e. Follicular, 
 Typhoid fever — e. Folliculosa, see Typhoid — e. 
 Mesenterica, Mesenteritis — e. Mucous, see Ente- 
 ritis — 0. Pustulosa, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 ENTERO, from cvrtpov, ' an intestine.' in com. 
 pound words signifies intestine, as in the follow- 
 ing : — 
 
 ENTEROBRO'SIS, Enter orrhex' is, Perforu'tir. 
 Intestino'rwn, (F.) Perforation des Intestins, from 
 tvrepov, 'an intestine,' and f^piixrig, 'the act of 
 gnawing.' Perforation of the intestines. 
 
 ENTEROC'ACE, Bysenle'ria pu'trida sen 1y- 
 pho'des seuscorhu'tica seximalig'na, from tvrrpov, 
 'an intestine,' and koko;, 'evil.' Adynamic dy- 
 sentery, accompanied by phenomena indicating a 
 pseudo-membranous and gangrenous stat-e of *A» 
 linins membrane of the large intestine. 
 
ENTEKOCELS 
 
 330 
 
 ENTEROSTENOSIS 
 
 ENTEPtOCE'LE, Hernia intestina'Us, from tv- 
 rtpov, 'an intestine,' and k>jA)7, 'a hernia,' 'tu- 
 mour.' Abdominal hernia, which contains only 
 a portion of intestine, is so called. 
 
 ENTERO - CEPHALOPYRA INFANTUM, 
 Ilvdroeephalus Internus. 
 
 ENTEROCCE'LICUS, from cvnpov, 'intestine,' 
 and KoiXia, ' the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating 
 to the cavity of the abdomen. 
 
 ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE, from evrepov, 'an in- 
 testine,' Kvaris, ' a bladder,' and KijXrj, ' a tumour.' 
 Hernia formed by the bladder and a portion of 
 intestine. 
 
 ENTERODAR'SIS, from evrepov, 'intestine,' 
 and iapaig, ' skinning.' Excoriation of the mu- 
 cous membrane of the intestines. 
 
 ENTERODOTHIBNIA, Dothinenteritis. 
 ENTERODYNIA, Enteralgia. 
 ENTBRO-EPIPLOCE'LE, Enterepiploce'le, 
 Her'nia intestina'Us omenta'lis, from evrepov, 'in- 
 testine,' e-aiirXoov, ' the omentum,' and Krfyi], ' tu- 
 mour.' Hernia, formed by intestine and omentum. 
 ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS, from evrepov, 
 'intestine,' emT^'Xoov, 'the omentum,' and o/((/>aXof, 
 'the umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, containing 
 intestine and omentum. Almost all umbilical 
 herniae are of this kind. 
 
 ENTEROG'RAPHY, Enterogra'ph'a, from ev- 
 repov, 'intestine,' and ypaoii?, 'description.' The 
 part of anatomy which describes the intestines. 
 ENTERO-riiEMORRHAGIA, Htematochezia. 
 ENTEROHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis. 
 ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE, from evrepov, 'in- 
 testine, 'v&o>p, 'water,' and (fj/X)?, 'tumour.' In- 
 testinal hernia complicated with h3'drocele. 
 
 ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS, from evrepov, 
 'intestine,' 'vSu>p, 'water,' and o;i0aXof, 'the na- 
 vel.' Umbilical hernia, in which the sac contains, 
 along with a portion of intestine, a quantity of 
 serum. 
 
 ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from evrepov, 'in- 
 testine,' KTX^ov, 'ischium,' and Kri)^>i, 'tumour.' 
 Isehiat'io hernia, formed of intestine. 
 
 ENTEROLITHI'ASIS, from evrepov, 'intes- 
 tine,' and XiSioo-if, 'the formation of stone.' The 
 formation of concretions in the intestines. 
 
 ENTEROLITHUS, Calculi of the stomach and 
 intestines — e. Bezoardus, Bezoar — e. Scybalum, 
 Scybala. 
 
 ENTEROL'OGY, Enterolog"ia, from evrepov, 
 'intestine,' and )^oyog, 'a discourse.' The part 
 of anatomj' which treats of the intestines. 
 
 ENTEROMALA'CIA, Enteromalax'is, ( F. ) 
 Ramollissement de I'Intr.stin, from evrepov, 'an in- 
 testine,' and //aXacro-a), 'I soften.' Softening of the 
 mucous or other coats of the intestine. 
 ENTEROMALAXIS, Enteromalacia. 
 ENTEROMANTIS, Engastrimyth. 
 ENTERO-MEROCE'LE, irom evrepov, 'miQS- 
 tm&,' jirjpoi, 'the thigh,' and (ct/Xi/, 'tumour.' Cru- 
 ral hernia, formed of intestine. 
 
 ENTERO-MESENTER'IC, Entero-mesenter'- 
 icus. Relating to the intestine and mesentery. 
 
 ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA FEBRIS. MM. 
 Petit and Serres have given this name to the 
 typhoid form of adynamic fever, in which the in- 
 testines aro ulcerated, with enlargement of the 
 corresponding mesenteric glands. See Typhus. 
 
 ENTERO-MESENTERITE, Tabes mesen- 
 torica — e. 3Jesenterite typho'ide, see Typhus. 
 
 ENTEROMOR'PHIA COMPRES'SA. One 
 of the algaj, used by the Sandwich Islanders as 
 ftn esculent. 
 
 ENTEROMPHALOCELE, Enteromphalus. 
 
 ENTEROM'PHALUS, Enteromj^laloee'le, from 
 evrepov, ' intestine,' and of.L(pa\og, 'umbilicus.' Um- 
 bilical hernia, formed of intestine. 
 
 ENTEROMYCODORI'TIS, from evrepov, 'in- 
 testine,' jivKog, ' slime,' «5opa, ' skin,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mucous 
 membrane of the intestines. 
 ENTERON, Intestine. 
 
 ENTEROPARAL'YSIS, EnteropW gia, Pa- 
 ral'i/iis intestino' rum, from evrepov, 'intestine,' 
 ■KapaXvat;, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the Intestines. 
 ENTEROPARISAGOGE, Intussusceptio. 
 ENTEROPATHI'A,£'n«erop'art.-i/, from evrepov, 
 'intestine,' and irado;, 'disease.' l)isease of the 
 intestines in general. 
 
 Enteropathi'a Canceeo'sa, Enter oscir'rhus, 
 Enterosteno' sis scirrho'sa seu organ'ica, Entero- 
 sarco'mia, Indura'tio seu Seirrhiis seu Cancer seu 
 Oarcino'ma Intestino' mm, (F.) Cancer des Intes- 
 tins. Cancer of the Intestines. 
 
 ENTEROPERIS'TOLE, Enterosjohio'nm, Her- 
 nia incarcera'ta, Incarcera'tio intestino' rum, from 
 evrepov, 'intestine,' and Trspicre'X'Xo}, 'I contract.' 
 Constriction or obstruction of the intestines, from 
 a cause which acts either within the abdomen, 
 or without it, as in strangulated hernia. 
 ENTEROPHLOGIA, Enteritis. 
 ENTEROPHLOGOSIS, Enteritis. 
 ENTEROPHTHI'SIS, from evnpov, 'intestine,' 
 and (pOiais, 'consumption.' Consumption of the 
 bowels. Consumption owing to suppuration in 
 the intestines. 
 
 ENTEROPHYMATA, Tubereula intes'ino- 
 rum. 
 
 ENTEROPLEGIA, Enteroparalysis. 
 ENTEROPYRA, Enteritis. Also, entero me- 
 senteric fever. — Alibert. 
 
 Enteropyra Asiatica, Cholera — e. Eiliosa, 
 Fever, Bilious. 
 
 ENTER0RRHAG"IA, from evrepov, 'intes- 
 tine,' and payri, ' violent ru^iture.' Hemorrhage 
 from the bowels. 
 
 Enterorrhagia Simplex, Hamatochezia. 
 ENTERORRHA'PHIA, Enteror'rhajjhe, from 
 evrepov, 'intestine,' and pa<pn, 'a suture.' Suture 
 of the intestines, for the relief of injuries done to 
 them. 
 
 ENTERORRHEU'MA, Rhevmatis'mus Intesti- 
 no'ritm, from evrepov, ' intestine,' and pevjia, ' de- 
 fluxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the intes- 
 tines. 
 
 ENTERORRHEXIS, Enterobrosis. 
 ENTERORRHCEA, Diarrhoea, Melcona. 
 ENTEROSARCOCE'LE, from evrepov, 'intes- 
 tine,' aap^, 'flesh,' and kijXj;, 'a tumour.' Intes- 
 tinal hernia, complicated with fleshy excrescence, 
 or rather sarcocele. 
 
 ENTEROSARCOMIA, Enteropathia cance- 
 rosa. _ 
 
 ENTEROSCHEOCE'LE, Enterosclwce'le, from 
 evrepov, ' an intestine,' ocx^ov, ' the scrotum,' and 
 )o?Xi7, ' tumour.' Scrotal hernia consisting of in- 
 testine. 
 
 ENTEROSCIRRHUS, Enteropathia cance- 
 rosa. 
 
 ENTERO'SES, from evrepov, 'an intestine.' A 
 class of diseases, comprehending all those that 
 are seated in the intestines. — Alibert. 
 ENTEROSPHIGMA, Enteroperistole. 
 ENTEROSTENO'SIS. from evrepov, 'intestine,' 
 and arevwatg, 'stricture.' Stricture or constriction 
 of the intestines. See lions. 
 Enterostenosis Yolvulcs, Ileus — e. Orga- 
 
ENTEEOTOME 
 
 ENURESIS 
 
 tiica, Enteropatbia cancerosa — e. Scirrtosa, En- 
 teropathia cancerosa. 
 
 ENTJEROTOME, Enterot'omus, from tvrcpov, 
 'intestine,' and rsfivo), 'I cut.' A name given by 
 J. Cloquet to an instrument for promptly opening 
 the intestinal canal through its whole extent. It 
 consists of a pair of scissors, one blade of 'which 
 is much longer than the other, and rounded at its 
 extremity. This is passed into the intestine. 
 
 ENTEROTOM'IA, Enternt'omy, same etymon. 
 In anatomy, it signifies dissection of the intes- 
 tines. In surgery, it means an operation, little 
 used, which consists in opening the intestines, in 
 order to e^^acuate the faecal matters accumulated 
 in it; for example, in certain cases of hernia, ac- 
 companied with contraction of the intestinal 
 canal ; in operations for an artificial anus, per- 
 formed on the new-born, where the rectum is 
 imperforate or not existing, &c. 
 
 ENTEROTOMY, Enterotomia. 
 
 ENTEROTYPHUS, see Typhus. 
 
 ENTEROZOA, Worms. 
 
 ENTERYDROCE'LB, Enterohjdrace'le, from 
 tvnpov, 'intestine,' 'vSuip, 'water,' and kijXj;, 'rup- 
 ture.' Intestinal hernia with hydrocele. 
 
 ENTHELMINTIIES, Worms. 
 
 ENTHEOMANIA, Demonomania. 
 
 ENTHLA'SIS, Esphla'sis, from lv, 'in,' and 
 •jAao), 'I break.' A fracture of tlie cranium, with 
 comminution, in which the bone is depressed, or 
 has lost its level. 
 
 Enthlasts Cranii, Effraetura Cranii. 
 
 ENTITE, Entity. 
 
 EN'TITY, En'tftns, (F.) Entite, from ens, enth, 
 'a being.' The being or essence of anything. 
 It has been used somewhat vaguely, in modern 
 Erench medicine more especiallj', to signify ap- 
 parently a general or essential disease, the nature 
 and seat of which cannot be determined. — 
 Kysten. 
 
 ENTOCELE, Ectopia. 
 
 Entoce'le Lentis. Dislocation of the crys- 
 talline into the anterior chamber of the ej-e. 
 
 ENTOGONYAN-CON, from zvro^, 'within,' 
 yow, 'the knee,' and ayn-Mi', 'a bend. Bending 
 of the knees inwards. - The state of being knock- 
 kneed, or in-kneed. 
 
 ENTOHYALOID MUSC^, see Metamor- 
 phopsia. 
 
 ENTONIA, Tension, Tonic spasm. 
 
 ENTONIC, Enton'icua, from tv, denoting ex- 
 cess, and Tovoi, ' tone." Having great tension or 
 exaggerated action. 
 
 ENTONNOIR, Calix, Infundibulum — e. du 
 Yentricnle Iloyen du Cerveau, Infundibulum of 
 the brain. 
 
 ENTOPARASITES, Worms. 
 
 ENTOPHTHAL'MIA, from cvto;, 'within,' and 
 otpdaXfjia, 'inflammation of the eye.' Ojjhthalmia 
 affecting the interior of the eye. 
 
 EN'TOPHYTE, Entoph'yton, from ci/ro;, 'with- 
 in,' and (pvTov, 'a vegetable.' A vegetable pa- 
 rasite. 
 
 ENTOPHYT'IC, Entophyt'iciis, same etymon. 
 Of or belonging to an entophyte, — as 'an ento- 
 pbytie crowth.' 
 
 ENTORSE. Sprain. 
 
 ENTOSTHETHIDIA, Entrails. 
 
 ENTOSTHIA, Entrails. 
 
 ENTOSTOSIS, Enostosis. 
 
 ENTOTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea. 
 
 ENTOTOZyENA. Ozena. 
 
 ENTOXICISMUS, Poisoning. 
 
 ENTOXISMUS, Poisoning. 
 
 ENTOZOA, Worms. 
 
 ENTOZOAIRES, Worms. 
 
 ENTOZOARIA, Worms. 
 
 ENTOZOOGENESIS, Helminthiasis. 
 
 ENTOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Acarus Fd.. 
 liculorum. 
 
 ENTRAILLES, Entrails. 
 
 EN'TRAILS, Splanchna, Encoe'lin, Viscera, 
 Entosthid'ia, Entoa'thia, Entosthethid' ia , Eitera'- 
 nea, from enteralia, a word of bad Latin, coming 
 from evTupov, 'intestine.' It is used for the vis- 
 cera enclosed in the splanchnic cavities, and espe- 
 cially for those in the abdomen; Eowels, Guts, 
 (F.) Entrailles, Visceres. 
 
 ENTRE-FESSON, Chafing. 
 
 ENTRICHO'MA, from tv, 'in,' and rpix^ixa, 
 'hair.' The tarsal cartilage, and the edge of the 
 eyelids, in which the cilia are implanted. 
 
 ENTROP'ION, Entrop'mm, from tv, 'in,' and 
 TftzTTi^, ' I turn.' Inver'sio j)alpehra'r%im, Capillit"- 
 ■ium, Trichi'asis, Introsuscepj'tio eiHrnpyium, Ble- 
 pharelo'sis, Blepharop>to'sis entropium, 7'ri'chia, 
 Tricho'sis. A name given to the inversion or 
 turning inwards of the eyelids, so that the eye- 
 lashes are directed towards the globe of the eye; 
 irritate and inflame it, and give rise to the afl'ee- 
 tion called Trichi'asis, 
 
 The contact of the hair with the surface of the 
 eye occasions considerable irritation of the con- 
 junctiva, which is soon followed by chomosis, 
 ulceration of the eye, and other symptoms, such 
 as fever, watchfulness, &c. 
 
 If the disease be entropjwn, as above defined, 
 that is, dependent upon the inversion of the eye- 
 lids, it must be remedied, — either by dispersing 
 the oedema or swelling of the eyelids, or by cut- 
 ting out a iDortion of the skin. When the disease 
 is dependent on a vicious direction of the cilia, 
 they must be plucked out and the bulbs be cau- 
 terized. 
 
 ENTROPIUM, Entropion. 
 
 ENTYPOSIS, see Glene. 
 
 ENUCLEA'TION, Enudea'tio, from enuclrarc, 
 (e, and nucleus,) 'to take out a kernel.' This 
 terra has been proposed for the operation of re- 
 moving tumours, Ac, without cutting into them. 
 — Percy. 
 
 The word is used in Pharmacy, for the opera- 
 tion of shelling or removing the kernels of any 
 nut. 
 
 ENULA CAMPANA, Inula Helenium. 
 
 EjSTU'LON, from tv, 'in,' and ov\ov, 'the gum.' 
 The inner part of the gums. The external part 
 was called ovXot, and that between the teeth apuo;. 
 —Pollux. 
 
 ENURE'SIS, from ivovpta, (tv, and ovpcw,) 'I 
 void the urine in bed.' Pant'rta iucon'tinens, 
 Incontinen'tia tiri'nce, 'Excre'tio UrincB involun- 
 ta'rin, Jlic'tio hivoliinta' ria, E. ino2yp)ortu'na, 
 Uracra'tia, Urorrhce'a, Perirrhoe'a, Strangu'ria, 
 (Galen,) Anischu'ria, Hyperure'sis, Eiam'nes, 
 Involuntary discharge of urine, Incontinence of 
 ■urine. This affection is most common in advanced 
 life. It may depend on too great irritability of 
 the bladder, or on distension, or injury of the 
 fibres about its neck, paralysis of the organ, 
 Cysto-paral'ysis, Gysto-ple'gia, the presence of 
 an irregularly shaped calculus impacted in the 
 urethra near its commencement; rupture of thu 
 bladder and urethra; renal disease; or on pres- 
 sure exerted on the bladder by the distended 
 womb or by a tumour. It often occurs after dif- 
 ficult labour, but generally yields, in the courso 
 of a week or ten days; the catheter being intro- 
 duced twice a day in the mean time. 
 
 The treatment must of course vary according 
 to the cause ; and when the affection, on which it 
 is dependent, cannot be removed, the discharge 
 of urine may be prevented by exerting a degr»« 
 
ENVIE 
 
 332 
 
 EPICA^rTHIS 
 
 of compression on the urethra, hy means of ap- 
 propriate instruments ; or a urinal may be em- 
 ployed to receive the urine as it passes oif. 
 
 ENVIE, Hangnail, Malacia, ISfasvus — e. de 
 Vomir, Nausea. 
 
 ENYPNION, Somnium. 
 
 EISTYSTROISr, Abomasus. 
 
 ENZOOTIA, Enzooty. 
 
 ENZOOTY, Enzoot'ia, (F.) Enzootie, from tv, 
 * in,' and fuoi', ' animal.' An endemic disease at- 
 tacking animals. 
 
 EP, EPH, EPI, tv, t<p, t-i, 'upon, above;' in 
 composition, generally means, ' augmentation, 
 addition, increase, reciprocal action, repetition.' 
 Hence : 
 
 EPACMAS'TICOS, from emi, and afc/zaifw, *I 
 increase.' An epithet applied to fevers, Fehrea 
 epacmas'tieag, whose symptoms go on augmenting 
 in violence, from the commencement to the ter- 
 mination. Such fevers ai'e, also, called Epana- 
 didon'ies. 
 
 EPAGOGIUM, Phimosis, Prepuce. 
 
 EPANADIPLOSrS, Anadiplosis. 
 
 EPANALEPSIS, Anadiplosis. 
 
 EPANASTASIS, Pustule. The formation of 
 B tumour. The breaking out of an eruption — 
 Ertip'tio exanthe'matis. 
 
 EPANASTEMA, Exanthem, Swelling. 
 
 EPANCHEMENT, Effusion. 
 
 EPANESIS, Remission. 
 
 EPANETUS, Remittent — e. Hectica, Hectic 
 fever — e. Malignus flavus, Eever, yellow — e. 
 Mitis, Remittent fever. 
 
 EPANORTHOSIS, Restauratio. 
 
 EPANTHEMA, Exanthem. 
 
 EPANTHISMA, Exanthem. 
 
 EPAPH^'RESIS, from t-a<j)ai^!:ui, •! take 
 away.' liep)eti'ta suhla'tio vel e-co.cwi,'tio. A re- 
 peated abstraction or evacuation. It was formerly 
 used synonymously with repeated bloodletting j 
 Phlehotom'ia itera''ta. — Galen. 
 
 EPAPHRISMOS, Despumation. 
 
 EPARMA, Tumour. 
 
 EPARSIS, Tumour. 
 
 EPAULE, Humerus. 
 
 EPENCRANIS, Cerebellum. 
 
 EPENDYMA, Membrane. 
 
 Epen'dyjia VEXTiacuLo'EU3f, En'dyma seu 
 Indamen' turn ventriculo'rum, from etti, 'upon,' and 
 ev5v(a, 'I enter;' hence, t-cvivfjia, 'an upper gar- 
 ment or cloak.' The lining membrane of the 
 ventricles of the brain, formed by a prolongation 
 of the pia mater, and probably also of the -arach- 
 noid. 
 
 EPERON, Hippocampus minor — e. dee A' 
 teres, Spur. 
 
 EPEE VTER, Accipiter. 
 _ EPER VIERE DES MVRAILLES, Hiera- 
 cium murorum. 
 
 EPHEBiE'DN, from etti, 'upon,' and 'n&n, 
 'pubes.' The parts of genaration : also, the re- 
 gion of the pubes, as well al the hair upon the 
 pubes. It meant likewise a part of the ancient 
 gymnasium in which the rhetoricians, philoso- 
 phers, &c., disputed. 
 
 EPHEBEUM, Mons veneris. 
 
 EPIIE'BIA, Ephehi'a, Puhertaa. Same ety- 
 mon. The aa;e of puberty. 
 
 EPHEBOSYNE, Puberty. 
 
 EPHEBOTES, Puberty. 
 ^EPUE'BUS, Pahem, Puher, (F.) Pubere, 
 Ephihe. One who has attained the age of pu- 
 berty. 
 
 EPHEDRANA, Nates. 
 
 EPIIEI/CIS, from tirt, 'upon,' and 'cXko^, 'an 
 jilcer. The crust or scab of an ulcer. 
 
 EPHELTDE SCORBUTIQUE, Chloasma. 
 
 EPHE'LIDES, from e-^i, 'upon,' and '17X10S, 
 'the sun.' Epichro'eis, Mac'ida sola'ria, J/ac'- 
 ul(B fusccB, M. lenticida'res, EpTie'lis lentic'ula, 
 Vitilig"ines, Phaci, Pannus lenticida'ris, Lentic'- 
 ula, Lenti'go, Ephelis Lenti'go, E])helis ct «o?c, 
 Nigre'do d sole, Sp>ilo'sis ephelis, jEsta'tes, Effila, 
 Freckles, Sunburn, (F.) Taches de roussure, Hale. 
 This term includes not only the yellow lentigines, 
 which appear on persons of a fair skin, and tho 
 larger brown patches, which also arise from ex- 
 posure to the direct rays of the sun, but alsc 
 those large dusky patches which are very similar 
 in appearance, but occur on other parts of tho 
 surface, that are constantly covered. See Chlo- 
 asma. They do not extend farther than the skin. 
 Many cosmetics have been recommended for 
 their removal. Simple spirituous lotions or weak 
 mineral acids, applied a few times in the day, are 
 as effectual as any other means. 
 
 EPHELIS, see Ephelides — e. Lentigo, Ephe- 
 lides — e. d Sole, Ephelides. 
 
 EPHELOTES, Leucoma. 
 
 EPHEM'ERA, Bia'ria, from etti, 'during,' and 
 'rjficpa, ' a day.' That which continues a day. 
 This epithet is given to diseases, and particularly 
 to fevers, which last only a day. — Febris dia'ria, 
 Epihenieropj'yra, Febris simplex, F. Ephe'mera, 
 Febric'ula, Ej^heyn' eral Fever, Ei' ary Fever, Sim- 
 p>le Fever. The term ^jro?o)?(/ec^ ephem'era is 
 sometimes used for fevers, which cease after two 
 or three days' duration. 
 
 Ephemera Axglica Pestilens, Sudor angli- 
 eus — 0. Britannica, Sudor Anglieus — e. Maligna, 
 Sudor Anglieus — e. Mortifera, Plague — e. Pesti- 
 lentialis, Plague — e. Sudatoria, Sudor Anglieus. 
 
 EPHEMEROPYRA, Ephemera. 
 
 EPHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
 
 EPHIALTES HYP0CH0NDRIACA,Incnhu3 
 vigilantium — e. Nocturnus, Incubus — e. VigUan- 
 tium, Incubus vigilantium. 
 
 EPHIDRO'SeX (G.) Ephidrosen. A divi- 
 sion of the family Ekzematosen of Fuchs, 
 comprising morbid varieties of sweating. 
 
 EPHIDRO'SIS, from £5r£, 'upon,' and 'i^poui, 
 'I sweat.' Hidro'sis, Jdro'sis. A copious sweat. 
 
 Ephideosis Prof0'sa, E. sponta'nea, E. idio- 
 path'ica, Hydropede'sis, Exsvda'tio, Exuda'tio, 
 Hyperephidro' sis, Hypierhydro'sis, Hydrorrhce'a, 
 Hidropede'sis, (F.) Flux de Sueur. An excessive 
 sweating, including debility and emaciation. A 
 colliquative sweat. Such copious perspirations 
 are generally owing to debility of the exhalants, 
 and require the use of tonics, especially of the 
 mineral acids, opium, &c. 
 
 Ephideosis, Desudatio — e. Cruenta, Sudor 
 eruentus — e. Saccharata, Sudor dulcis. 
 
 EPHIPPIUM, Pituitary fossa, Sella Turcica. 
 
 EPH'ODOS, from ttri, 'upon,' and 'oi5of, 'a 
 way,' ' a road or avenue to a place.' Hippocrates 
 uses this word in three senses : 1. For the vessels 
 or canals, which give passage to the excrements 
 of the body. 2. For a periodical attack or acces- 
 sion of fever; and 3. For the approach of similar 
 or dissimilar things which may be useful or hurt- 
 ful to the body. — Castelli. 
 
 EPI, Spica. 
 
 EPI'ALOS, Hepialos. A name given by the 
 ancients to fever, when the hot stage was mingled 
 with irregular chills. Also, the coli stage of 
 fever. 
 
 EPIALTES, Incubus. 
 
 EPIAMA, Lenitive. 
 
 EPIAN. Frambcosia. 
 
 EPIBLEMA, Catablema. 
 
 EPIBOLE. Incubus. 
 
 EPICANTIIIS, Canthus. 
 
EPICAUMA 
 
 333 
 
 EPIDIDYMIS 
 
 Epican'this, from s-t, 'upon,' and '^■nvOor, 'the 
 angle of the eye.' A defective formation, in which 
 a fold of skin passes from the root of the nose 
 over the inner eanthus of the eye. 
 
 EPICAR'PIUM, PeHcar'jnum, from ctti, 'up- 
 on,' and Kapnoi, ' the wrist.' An application made 
 to the wrists or to the region of the pulse was so 
 called. 
 
 EPICAUMA, Eneauma. 
 EPICAUSIS, Eneauma. 
 EPICERASTICA, Emollients. 
 EPICHOLOS, Bilious. 
 EPICHORDIS, Mesentery. 
 EPICHORION, Decidua. 
 EPICHORIUM, Epidermis. 
 EPICHRISIS, Inunctio. 
 
 EPICHRO'SIS, Spilo'sia, from crj, and ;\;pa)jiia, 
 ' colour.' Simple discoloration of the surface. — 
 Good. Ephelides. 
 
 Epichrosis Spilt, see Nsevus. 
 EPICHYSIS, Affusion. 
 
 EPICOE'MASIS, from emKotiiaofiai, {ctti, and 
 Kotiiao/iai,) 'to lie down to rest,' 'to sleep.' J)e- 
 cu'bitas ad dormien'dum et Dormit''io. The po- 
 sition of sleeping, as well as sleeping itself. 
 
 EPICOL'IC, from stti, 'upon,' and kuXov, 'the 
 colon.' The epieolic regions, regio'nes cptcol'icce, 
 are those parts of the abdomen which correspond 
 to the colon. 
 
 EPICOLLESIS, Agglutination. 
 EPICON'D YLE, Ejncon'di/his, from etti, 'upon,' 
 and Kov5v\o;, 'a condyle.' A name given, by 
 Chaussier, to an eminence at the outer part of the 
 inferior extremity of the os humeri ; so called, 
 because it is seated above the condj^le. The epi- 
 condyle gives attachment to the outer lateral 
 ligament of the elbow joint, and to a very strong 
 tendon to which several of the muscles of the 
 posterior part of the forearm are attached. 
 
 EPICOKDYLO-CUBITALIS, see Anconeus— 
 c. Radial, Supinator radii brevis — e. Sus-meta- 
 carinen, see Radialis — e. Sus-^jJialangeiticn com- 
 mun, Extensor digitorum communis — e. Sus-pha- 
 langettien du petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi 
 digiti. 
 
 EPICOPHO'SIS, from em, 'upon,' and Kio^pwcn, 
 'deafness.' Deafness supervening on another 
 disease. 
 
 EPICRA'NIUM, from t-i, 'upon,' and Kpavior, 
 ' the cranium.' A name given to different parts 
 seated on the cranium. The skin, aponeurosis 
 between the occipital and frontal muscles, and 
 the whole of the scalp, have been so called. Portal 
 includes under this name the occipito-frontalis 
 muscle, pyramidalis nasi, and superior and ante- 
 rior auricular muscles. The pericranium. 
 EPICRANIUS, Occipito-frontalis. 
 EPICRA'SIS, Gontemjiera'tio, from t-iK^Qovvv- 
 fti, (eiti, axid Kspavvvni, 'I mix,') 'I temper.' A 
 term used by the humourists for an amelioration 
 of the humours. They called Cure hy Epicrasia, 
 — per epicrasin, a mode of treatment by imagined 
 alteratives, which they supposed to be possessed 
 of the power of gradually correcting the vitiated 
 humours. 
 
 EPICROUSIS, Percussion, 
 EPICTENIUM, Pubes. 
 EPICTETI MORBI, Acquired diseases. 
 EPICYEMA, see Superfoetation. 
 EPICYESIS, Superfoetation. 
 EPICYLIUM, see Palpebra. 
 EPICYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
 EPIDEISIS, Deligation. 
 
 EPIDEM'IC, Epide'mius, Epidem'icus, ( E. ) 
 Ep>idemique. Same et3'mon as Epidemy. Ap- 
 pertaining to an epidemy. An epidemy. 
 
 Epidemic Coxstitutiox, Epidemj' — e. Disease, 
 Epidemy — e. Influence, see Epidemy. 
 
 EPIDEMICITE, see Epidemy. 
 EPIDEMICUS, Epidemy. 
 EPIDEMIOLOG"IA, from ctti, 'upon,' hr.yoi, 
 ' the people/ and Xoyos, ' a description.' The 
 doctrine of epidemics. 
 
 EPIBEMIQTJE, Epidemy, 
 EPIDEMIUS, Epidemy. 
 
 EP'IDEMY, Epidem'ic, Epide'mia, Morlus 
 pub'liciis, 31. pojnda'ria, E. epidem'icus seu epi- 
 de'mius, (F.) Ep)idemie ; Epidem'ic disease, Ejii- 
 dem'ic influence, Epidem'ic constitution ; from mi, 
 'upon,' and 5i7/'os, 'the people.' A disease which 
 attacks at the same time a number of individuals, 
 and which is depending upon some particular 
 constitutio aeris, or condition of the atmosphere, 
 with which we are utterly ignorant. It differs 
 from endemic, the latter being owing to locality; 
 but it is obvious, that should a particular epide- 
 mic constitution of the air — epidemic"ity, (F.) epi- 
 demicitS — exist along with a favouring endemic 
 condition, these combined influences may act in 
 the causation of several of those serious and fatal 
 complaints, which at times visit a district, and 
 are never afterwards met with, or at least not 
 until after the lapse of a considerable period. 
 EPIDENDRUM VANILLA, see Vanilla, 
 EPID'ERIS, Epider'rhis, E[yp)od' eris. Hypo- 
 der'mis, Hypoder'rhis, from mi, ' upon,' and 6cpa;, 
 'the skin.' This word, with some, means the 
 nymphsej with others, the clitoris; with others, 
 again, the prepuce of the clitoris. 
 EPIDERMA, Epidermis, 
 EPIDERMATIS, Epidermis. 
 EPIDER'MIC, Epiderm'icvs, Epiderm'al, Epi' 
 derma'lis; same etymon as epidermis. Belonging 
 to the epidermis, — as 
 
 EPIDERMIC CELLS, see Cell, epidermic. 
 EPIDERMIDON'OSI, Epidermidonu'si, from 
 tiii^tpj-ui, ' epidermis,' and j/ocros, 'disease.' Dis- 
 eases of the epidermis, 
 
 EPIDERMION, Epidermis, 
 EPIDER'MIS, Epider'mion, Ejyider'matia, 
 Epider'ma, Ejiicho'rium, Sum'mitas cutis, Cutic'- 
 ida, C. ex'tima, C. extre'ma, Cutis extima, C. 
 summa, C. vl'tima, Pellis summa, Pellic'ida sum- 
 ma, P. supe'rior, Lam'ina prima cutis, Oper'cu- 
 lum cutis, from etti, 'upon,' and Stpiia, 'the true 
 skin.' Scarf-skin, cuticle. (F.) Surpeau, Cuticule. 
 A transparent, dry, thin membrane, devoid of 
 nerves and vessels, which covers all the surface 
 of the body, except the parts that correspond to 
 the nails. It appears to consist of minute scales, 
 placed one above the other. Chaussier considers 
 it to be formed and reproduced by an excretory 
 action of the true skin ; to act like a dry varnish, 
 which prevents the immediate contact of bodies 
 with the nervous papillae, and consequently to 
 deaden tactile impressions, which, without its in- 
 tervention, might be painful. The Epider'mic, 
 Epider'meoiis, or Epider'moid (as Bichat called 
 it) System, in general anatomy, comprises three 
 parts, 1, External Epidermis, 2, Epidermis 
 spread over the mucous membranes, 3. The 
 Nails and Hair, 
 
 Epidermis Ltngxj-s:, see Tongue. 
 EPIDERRHIS, Epideris, 
 EPIDERRHITIS, Nymphitis, 
 EPIDESIS, see Bandage — e. Haemostasia, Li- 
 gature. 
 
 EPIDESMIS, Epidesmus, 
 EPIDESMUM, Epidesmus, 
 EPIDES'MUS, Ejndes'mis, Epides'mnm,Super~ 
 liga'men, from etti, 'upon,' and ^cw, 'I bind.' A 
 Fascia, bandage or ligature, by which dressings 
 are secured. — Hippocrates, 
 
 EPIDID'YMIS, from mi, 'upon,' and hnvfic,, 
 I ' a testicle,' Epidid'ymus, Did'ymis, I'aras't'it^*, 
 
EPIDIDYMITIS 
 
 334 
 
 EPILEPSY 
 
 TesHc'uhis acceso'rhis, Caput testis, Corpus rari- 
 <o'suM sou varici/or'me testis, Svpiergentina'lis, 
 (F.) Corpus oariqueux ou variciforwe. That which 
 id placed upon the testicle. A small, oblong, ver- 
 miform, grayish body, lyin,^ along the superior 
 margin of the testicle. The Epididj'mis is a 
 oanal, formed by the union of all the seminiferous 
 vessels folded several times upon themselves, 
 after having traversed the Coipiis Highmoria'- 
 uum. Its lower portion or tail, Cauda vel globus 
 minor, is curved upwards, and is continuous with 
 the vas deferens ; the opposite extremity is called 
 the head, globus major. The length of this canal, 
 folded as it is upon itself and describing numerous 
 curvatures, is, according to llunro, 32 feet. 
 
 EPIDIDYMITIS, Parastatitis — e. Blennor- 
 rhagic. Hernia humoralis. 
 
 EPID'OSIS, from ctti, 'upon,' and SiSuin, 'to 
 give.' Augmentation, increase. A word applied 
 to the natural increase of the body, or to the in- 
 crease of a disease. 
 
 EPID'ROME, Epidrom'ia, Epiph'ora, from 
 e-tificfioi, (etti, and Soep-u),) 'I run upon.' An aiflux 
 or congestion of humours. — Galen. 
 
 EPIDROMIA, Epirlrome. 
 
 EPIFAGUS AMEKICANUS, Orobanche Vir- 
 giniana — e. Virginianus, Orobanche Virginiana. 
 
 EPIGiE^A REPEXS, Trailing Ar'hutus.Grovnd 
 Laurel, 2liiyjloicer. A small, trailing plant, of 
 the Family Ericaceffi, which grows in sandy 
 woods, or in rocky soil, especially in the shade 
 of pines. Its flowers appear early in spring, and 
 exhale a rich, spicy fragrance. The leaves and 
 Stems are prepared and used like uva ursi. 
 
 EPIGASTRAL'GIA, from t-iyaargiov, 'the 
 epigastrium,' and a\yo;, ' pain.' Pain at the 
 epigastrium., 
 
 EPIGAS'TRTC, Epigas'tricus, Epigns'trius, 
 from t-i, ' upon,' and yaarrip, ' the stomach.' This 
 name has been given to several parts. 
 
 Epigastric Ar'tery, Arte'ria epigas'tricn, A. 
 sus-pubienne, (Gh.) It arises from the external 
 iliac, on a level with the crural arch ; sometimes 
 by a trunk proper to it, at others by one com- 
 mon to it and the Obturator artery. It ascends 
 upwards and inwards, behind the spermatic cord, 
 follows the outer edge of the rectus abdominis 
 muscle, and anastomoses, towards the umbilicns, 
 with the internal mammary. The epigastric ar- 
 tery anastomoses, also, with the obturator, sper- 
 matic, lumbar, and intercostal vessels. 
 
 Epigastric Region, /?e(/io epigas'trica,]?.car- 
 di'aca, .R. stomacli'ica, 11. stomacha' lis, is the su- 
 perior region of the abdomen, comprised between 
 the false ribs on each side, and extending from 
 the lower surface of the diaphragm to two fingers' 
 breadth above the umbilicus. It is divided into 
 three parts, one middle, the epigas'trium, — and 
 two lateral, the liypochon'dria. 
 
 Epigastric Veix follows nearly the same course 
 as the arterv. 
 
 EPIGASTRICUS, Epigastric. 
 
 EPIGAS'TRIUM. Same etymon. The belly; 
 the epigastric resriun. 
 
 EPIGASTRIUS, Ejiigastric. 
 
 EPIGASTROCE'LE, from cvi, 'upon,' yaarrip, 
 'the stomach,' and KriXrj, 'a tumour.' Ilernia, 
 formed by the stomach ; Gas'troce'le. This name 
 has been given more especially to hernia, which 
 occurs towards the upper part of the linea alba 
 or in the epigastric region, whether formed or 
 not by the stomach. 
 
 EPIGENEMA, Enigenesis. 
 
 EPIGEN'ESIS, from tn, 'upon,' and ycvccig, 
 
 'generation.' A theory of conception, according 
 
 to which the new being is created entirely anew; 
 
 ttiid receives at once from each parent the ma- 
 
 terials necessary for its formation. Also, a new 
 formation. 
 
 Epigenesis, as well as Epigene'ma, or Epigen- 
 •nc'ma, is, also, applied to any symptom occurring 
 during a disease, without changing its nature. 
 An acces-sory symptom. Epiginom' encs, Super- 
 ve'niens, has a similar acceptation. 
 
 EPIGIKOMEXOS, see Epigenesis. 
 
 EPIGLOT'TIC, E2}iglot'tieus : same etymon. 
 Pv-elating to the epiglottis. 
 
 Epiglottic Gland, Periglot'tis, Caro glandu- 
 lo'sa. A collection of small, glandular granula, 
 situate in the adipose, areolar texture at the 
 base of the anterior surface of the epiglottis, in a 
 triangular space, bounded anteriorly by the thy- 
 ro-hyoid membrane and thyroid cartilage. It 
 pours out an unctuous and mucous fluid, which 
 lubricates the epiglottis, keeps it supple and 
 movable, and prevents the larynx from being 
 irritated by the constant passage of the air, in 
 the act of respiration. 
 
 EPIGLOT'TIS, from tin, 'upon,' and yXuTrt?, 
 'the glottis.' Epiiglot' tic cartilage, Lig'ulujOpier'- 
 ciduni laryn'gis. Lingua Ex'igua, Jyin'gula fis'tu- 
 lee, Suhlin'guuw, Superlig'ida. A fibro-cartilage, 
 situate at the upper part of the larynx, behind 
 the base of the tongue. Its form is oval ; texture 
 elastic; thickness greater below than above, and 
 greater in the middle than at the sides. By its 
 smaller extremity, which is the lower, it is at- 
 tached to the thyroid cartilage ; its two surfaces 
 are covered by the mucous membrane of the 
 pharynx and larynx. The special use of the 
 epiglottis would seem to be to cover the glottis 
 accurately at the moment of deglutition, and, 
 thus, to assist in opposing the passage of alimen- 
 tary substances into the air tubes. 
 
 EPIGLOTTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Epiglot'tidis, 
 (F.) Inflammation de V Epiglotte, Angi'nu epi- 
 glottide'a. Inflammation of the epiglottis. 
 
 EPIGLOT'TUM. An instrument, mentioned 
 by Paracelsus, for raising the eyelids. It resem- 
 bled the epiglottis in shape. 
 
 EPIGLOU'TIS, from £7n,.'upon,' and y^ov-os, 
 ' the buttocks.' The superior region of the nates. 
 — GorrsBus. 
 
 EPIGOXATJS, Patella. 
 
 E PIG 'ONE, Gone, Hypoph'ysis, Progen'ies, 
 Proles, Sob'oles, Sub'oles, from t-i, 'upon,' and 
 yovrj, 'sperm.' Offspring. Progeny. Also, Su- 
 perfcetation. 
 
 EPIGONIOX, Foetus. 
 
 EPIGONIS, Patella. 
 
 EPIGONON, Superfcetation. 
 
 EPIGOUNIS, Patella. 
 
 EPIGUNIS, Patella. 
 
 EPILATORIUM, Depilatory. 
 
 EPILEMPSIS, Epilepsy. 
 
 EPILENTIA, Epilepsy. 
 
 EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy — e. Acuta Infantum 
 Eclampsia — e. Algetica, see Algos ■ — e. Febrili." 
 infantum. Eclampsia — e. Nocturna, Incubus — e. 
 Puerilis, Eclampsia infantum — e. Saltatoria, Cho- 
 rea — e. Uterina, Lorind matricis. 
 
 EPILEPSIE, Epilepsy— e. Utirine, Hysteria 
 — e. Vertige, see Epilepsia. 
 
 EP'ILEPSY, 'tcpyj rovcTo;, ai\r]vaia vovcog, Epi- 
 Icp'sia, E]'/ilej)'sis, Epilcmp'sis, Ep^'hn'tia, Sys- 
 pja'sia Epilcjjsin, Catalen'tia, Dcciden'tia, Pas'aio 
 cadi'va, Jlorbus comit"ialis, JIf. cadu'cus, M. 
 Ilercu'lens, Heracle'us morbus, Jf. sacer, Jf. as- 
 tra'lis, M. sidera'tvs, M. damonr'aeus, J/. Sancti 
 Johan'ni's, M. foedus, Hieran'osus, M. pueri'lis, 
 Diprehen'sio, Clonos epilep'sia, Ulcran'i'sos, Pre- 
 hen'sio, Perdit" lo, Epilep'tica pas'aio, Jforhus 
 mngnns, II. Jfojor, 31. Inlerlii'nius, Jf. divi'iuis, 
 J/, dmmo'nius, 31. son'ticus, 3L sehni'acus, M. 
 
EPILEPTIC 
 
 335 
 
 EPIPHORA 
 
 htnnt'ieus, M. meitsa'lis, IL dcif'ieia^, IF. sceles'- 
 tus, M. viti-ioki'tus, M. viridel'lus, 31. Sancti Vci- 
 lenti'ni, Malum eadu'cum, Analep'sia, Catopto'sis, 
 Jnsa'nia cadi'va, Apoplex'ia parva, Cadu' ca p>aH' - 
 aio, Lues divi'na, Vit"ium cndu'euin sen dtvi'mim 
 eeuHercu'Ieum, Falling sickness, (P.) Mai caduc, 
 Mai divin, Mai Saint-Jean, Mai de Terre, Haut- 
 mal. The word is derived from t-KiXajxliavisi, ' I 
 seize upon/ It is a disease of the brnin, which 
 may either be idiopathic or symptomatic, sponta- 
 neous or accidental, and which occurs in parox- 
 ysms, with uncertain intervals between. These 
 paroxysms are characterized by loss of sensation 
 and convulsive motions of the muscles. Fre- 
 quently, the fit attacks suddenly,- at other times, 
 it is preceded by indisposition, vertigo, and stu- 
 por. At times, before the loss of consciousness 
 occurs, a sensation of a cold vapour is felt, hence 
 called aura epiilep' tiea. This appears to rise in 
 BOme part of the body, proceeds towards the 
 head; and as soon as it has reached the brain 
 the patient falls down. The ordinary duration 
 of a fit is from 5 to 20 minutes. Sometimes it 
 goes off in a few seconds; at others, it is pro- 
 tracted for hours. In all cases, there is a loss 
 of sensation, sudden falling down, distortion of 
 the eyes and face; countenance of a red, purple 
 or violet colour; grinding of the teeth; foaming 
 at the mouth ; convulsions of the limbs ; difficult 
 respiration, generally stertorous ; with, some- 
 times, involuntary discharge of fteces and urine. 
 After the fit, the patient retains not the least re- 
 collection of what has passed, but remains, for 
 Bome time, afi'ected with head-ach, stupor, and 
 lassitude. 
 
 The disease is in the brain, and is generalh'' 
 organic; but it may be functional and sympto- 
 matic of irritation in other parts, as in the sto- 
 mach, bowels, <fcc. The prognosis, as to ultimate 
 recovery, is unfavourable. It does not, however, 
 frequently destroy life, but is apt to lead to men- 
 tal imbecility. Dissection has not thrown light 
 on its pathology. 
 
 To the attacks of epilepsy which are unaccom- 
 panied by convulsions, as is sometimes the case, 
 the French give the name Petit-mal, and Epi- 
 lepsie Yerti'je. When furious mania succeeds to 
 a paroxysm, it is termed Mania epileptica and 
 Epiileptic Delirium, 
 
 In the treatment, the cause must be sought 
 after, and if possible removed. In the paroxysm, 
 but little can be done; but as the tongue is liable 
 to be injured by the teeth, the jaws may be kept 
 open by putting a cork or piece of wood between 
 them. If the fit has been brought, on by indi- 
 gestible food, the stomach must be cleared. It 
 is between the parox3-sms that the great effort 
 must be made. Generally, there is considerable 
 irritability and debility of the nervous system, 
 and hence tonics have been found the best reme- 
 dies. Of these, perhaps the most powerful, in 
 epilepsy, is the argenti nitras, given regularly 
 and continued for months, if necessary. Prepa- 
 rations of iron, copper, and zinc, have also been 
 used, and vegetable tonics and antispasmodics in 
 general. Counter irritants, as blisters, moxa, 
 &c., may be employed, if necessary, along with 
 this course. 
 
 Unfortunately, in many cases, these means are 
 found insufiieient, and all that can be done is to 
 palliate, removing carefully the exciting causes ; 
 such as the use of spirituous liquors, strong emo- 
 tions, violent exercise, &,c. ; and regulating the 
 diet. 
 
 EPILEP'TIC, Epilep'ticus, Epilcp'tus, Lnnat'- 
 icun, Cadu'caus ; same etymon. One attacked 
 with epilepsy. Any thing relating to epileps.y ; 
 US an epiliri'tic iudicidual; an epiilrp'tic sytnp- 
 
 tom. Some authors also speak of epileptic reme- 
 dies. 
 
 EPILEP'TOID, Epileptoi' des ; same etymon, 
 K.esembling epiilepsy — as ' epilcptoid symptoms.' 
 
 EPILO'BIUM AUGUS'ilFO'LIUiM, Great 
 Willoic herb. An indigenous plant. Order, Ona- 
 gracea;, which flowers in Jnlj. The root is emol- 
 lient and slightly astringent. 
 
 Epilobiuh Colora'tum, Pinple-veined Willoio 
 herb, has similar properties. 
 
 Epilobium Villo'sum, a South African plant, 
 is used at the Cape of Good Hope as a domestic 
 remedy for cleansing foul ulcers. 
 
 EPIM'ANES. A name given to a maniac 
 when in a paroxysm. 
 
 EPIMELE'TAI, from t-i/ifAfo^zai, (e-j, and 
 ji/cXu,) 'I take care of.' A name by which tho 
 ancient Persians called the curers of icounds, v;h<i 
 followed their armies. 
 
 EPIMOR'IOS, 'unequal;' from £m, and /itipu, 
 'I divide.' An epithet applied to the pulse when 
 unecjual. — Galen. 
 
 EPINARD, Spinacia — e. Sauvage, Chenopo- 
 dium bonus Henricus. 
 
 EPINE, Spine — e. du Eos, Vertebral column 
 — ('. Guttvrale, Nasal spine, inferior and posterior 
 — e. Sphenoidale, Si^henoidal spine — e. Vinette, 
 OxTcantha Galeni. 
 
 EPIjN'EMESIS, Dispensation. 
 
 EPIXEPH'ELOS, Nubilo'svs. Presenting a 
 cloud. Applied to the urine. — Hippocrates. 
 
 EPINEUX, Spinous — e. du Eos, grand, Spi- 
 nalis dorsi major: see Interspinales dorsi et lum- 
 borum — e. du Eos, petit, see Interspinales dorsi 
 et lumborum. 
 
 EPINGLE, Pin. 
 
 EPINIERE, Spinal. 
 
 EPINOTION, Scapula. 
 
 EPINTC'TIDES, from t^rt, 'upon.' and v^,^, 
 'the night.' Eruptions which appear on the skin 
 in the night, and disappear in the day. Pus'tula 
 livens et noc'tibus ingiric'tans. — Pliny. 
 
 EPIXTCTIS PRURIGIKOSA, Urticaria. 
 
 EPIOXE, Deeidua. 
 
 EPIPAROXYS'MUS. A paroxysm super- 
 added to an ordinary paroxysm. 
 
 EPIPASTUM, Catapasmum. 
 
 EPIPE'CIIU, t-i-rixv, from etti, 'upon,' and 
 -r/X^'St 'the elbow.' The upper part of the elboAv. 
 — Gorrasus. 
 
 EPIPEPHTCOS, Conjunctiva. 
 
 EPIPH^EXOM'ENOX, Post appa'rens ; same 
 etymon. Any kind of adventitious symptom 
 which occurs during the progress of an afl'ection : 
 and which is not as intimately connected with 
 the existence of the disease as the symptoms 
 properly so called. 
 
 EPIPHA'NIA, from cti, 'upon,' and ^an-o), 'I 
 exhibit.' The external appearance of the body. 
 — Castelli. 
 
 EPIPH'LEBUS, from cm, 'upon,' and (f.'kc^; 
 'a vein.' An epitliet given to those whose veins 
 are very apparent, — Iiippoc, Ai'etajus. 
 
 EPIPHLEGIA. Inflammation. 
 
 EPIPHLOGISMA, Erysipelatous inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 EPIPHLOGOSIS, Hyperphlogosis. 
 
 EPIPH'ORA, Dacryno'ma, Lachri/ma'tio, Ee- 
 lachryma'tio, lUaclirynia'tio, Still icid mm lachry- 
 ma'rxun, Oc'ulus lach'rymans ; from tmcttpu, (cti, 
 and 0£:pw,) 'I carry to.' Weeping. (F.) Larmoic- 
 ment. The vmtery eye; — an involuntary and 
 constant flow of tears upon the cheek. It is al- 
 most always symptomatic of some disease of ihe 
 lachrymal passages, and occurs when the tear* 
 cannot p:iss into the ductus ad nasum. Ocu*- 
 
EPIPHYMATA 
 
 336 
 
 EPIPLOSCnEOCELE 
 
 Sionally, it is owing to the tears being secreted 
 in too great quantity ; as in certain cases of oph- 
 thalmia. The treatment must of course be di- 
 rected to the removal of the cause. 
 
 EpipnoRA, Epidrome, Ophthalmia — e. Alvi, 
 Diarrhoea — e. Ptyalismus, Salivation. 
 
 EPIPHYMATA, Cutaneous diseases. 
 
 'EPIPWY SIB, Additamen' turn, fromcTri, 'upon,' 
 and (pvo), ' I arise.' Any portion of a bone, sepa- 
 rated from the body of the bone by a cartilage, 
 which becomes converted into bone by age. The 
 epiphysis of the fcetus becomes the apiophysia of 
 the adult. 
 
 Epiphysis Cruris Longioeis Incudis, Os or- 
 biculare. 
 
 EP'IPHYTE, Epiph'yton, from em, 'upon,' 
 and (pvTov, • a plant.' A parasite derived from 
 the vegetable liingdom. Epiphytes are divided 
 by Vogel into 1. Vegetations in the human iiuids, 
 as the tor'ida cerevis'im in vomited fluids and 
 fseeal evacuations, and the sar'cina ventric'uli, 
 2. Vegetations on the external skin and its ap- 
 pendages, as in tinea favosa, mentagra, herpes 
 tonsurans and plica polonica, and, 3. Vegetations 
 ou the mucous membrane, — for example, in the 
 aphtha3 of children ; in the cicatrices of the mu- 
 cous membrane after typhus, &c. 
 
 EPIPLASMA, Cataplasm. Galen uses it es- 
 pecially for an application of wheaten flour, 
 boUed in hi/drelcBum, and applied to wounds. 
 
 EPIPLE'GIA^ from e-i, 'above,' and irXriyri, 
 ' a stroke. Paralysis of the upper extremities. 
 
 EPIPLERO'SIS, from em, 'augmentative,'' 
 and -X'lpijxjis, 'repletion.' Excessive repletion; 
 distention. 
 
 EPIP'LOCE, from sn, 'upon,' and ttXeko), 'I 
 twine.' Coition. Entanglement. 
 
 Epip'loce Intestina'lis, Conglomera'tio in- 
 testino'rum. Conglomeration of the intestines. 
 
 EPIPLOCE'LE, from simt'Xoov, 'omentum,' and 
 KrjXn, 'tumour.' Epipt'loio Tier'nia, Zirha'lis her- 
 nia, Hernia omenta'lis. Omental hernia, {^.)IIer- 
 nie de V epiploon. Omental hernia is recognised 
 — but at times with difficulty — by a soft, unequal, 
 pasty tumour, in which no gurgling sound is 
 heard on pressing or reducing it.' It is less dan- 
 gerous than hernia of the intestines. 
 
 EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE, from nri-nXoov, 'the 
 omentum,' evrepov, ' intestine,' and KifXri, ' tumour.' 
 Hernia, formed by the epiploon and a portion of 
 intestine. It is more commonly called En'tero- 
 epipiloce'le. 
 
 EPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE, Epiptlo- 
 enteroschoce'le, from CTrnrXoov, ' omentum,' tvrzpuv, 
 'intestine,' o<i)(^€ov, 'scrotum,' and KrjXri, 'rupture.' 
 Hernia with omentum and intestine in the scro- 
 tum. 
 
 EPIP'LOIC, Epiplo'icua. Relating to the 
 epiploon. 
 
 Epiploic Appen'dages; Appendic'nla epi- 
 plo'icce, A. pinguedino' 8(B, Fim'hricB carno'am 
 coli, Suppletnen'ta ep)ip)lo'ica. Prolongations of 
 the peritoneum beyond the surface of the large 
 intestine, which are analogous in texture and 
 arrangement to the epiploon. 
 
 Epiploic Ar'teries; Arte'ricB Epiplo'iccB. 
 The arterial branches, which are distributed to 
 the epiploon, and which are given ofl" by the gas- 
 tro-epiploicte. 
 
 EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from c-^-\oov, 'the 
 epiploon,' kt^iov, 'the ischium,' and kvAi?, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Hernia formed by the epiploon through 
 the ischiatic notch. 
 
 EPIPLOi'TIS, from cztnXoov, 'the omentum,' 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 vf the omentum; Omenti'tis, Emp>reama licrito- 
 
 nitis omenta'lis, Omenti inflarfma' tio, EnterVtit 
 epiiploV lis, Omente'sis. A form of partial perito- 
 nitis. 
 
 EPIPLOMEROCE'LE, from tviTrXoov, 'the 
 omentum,' ftripo<:, 'the thigh,' and KriXrj, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Femoral hernia, formed by the epiploon. 
 
 EPIPLOMPHALOCELE, Epiplomjihalon. 
 
 EPIPLOM'PHALON, Epiijlobm'phalon, Ejn- 
 jolomphaloce' le, Hernia vmhilica'lis, from £7ri:rXoov, 
 'the omentum,' and ofjKpaXos, 'the navel.' Umbi- 
 lical hernia, formed by the epiploon. 
 
 EPIPLOM'PHRASIS, from i-cTrXoov, ' the epi- 
 ploon,' and ejjKppacraoi, 'I obstruct.' IndiU'ation 
 of the epiploon. 
 
 EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES, from ETrwA oov, 'the epi- 
 ploon,' and Kojjii^ij}, 'I carry.' One who has the 
 omentum morbidly large. Also, one labouring 
 under epiplocele. 
 
 EPIP'LOON, Epijylonm, from z-ri, 'above,' and 
 TrXto), ' I swim or float.' Omen'tuni, liete, Retic'- 
 ulum ; Dertron ; Zirhus, Gan'game, Gangamum, 
 Operimen'tum intestino'rum, Saccus e2^i2^lo'iciis, 
 Sagc'na. The Catd. A prolongation of the pe- 
 ritoneum, which floats above a portion of the in- 
 testines, and is formed of two membranous layers, 
 with vessels and fatty bands distributed through 
 it. Anatomists have described several epiploons. 
 The uses of the omentum are but little known. 
 The chief one seems to be, to retain the viscera 
 in situ, and to give passage to vessels. 
 
 EpiPLOO>f, Colic, Colic Omentum, 0. co'licvm, 
 Third Epiploon or Omentum, is a dupilieature of 
 the peritoneum, situate along the ascending por- 
 tion of the colon, as far as its junction with the 
 transverse portion. It is behind the great epi- 
 ploon, and fills up the angle formed by the junc- 
 tion of the ascending with the tranfverse colon. 
 Its two laminte are separated by colic arteries 
 and veins. 
 
 Epiploon, Gastro-Colic, Great Omentum, 
 Omentum gast/'o-co'licum. Omentum majvs, Peri- 
 tonm'um duplica'tum., Rete tnajus, Zirhus adipi'- 
 nus, consists of an extensive dnplieature, which 
 is free and floating on the folds of the intestines. 
 It is quadrilateral, and longer on the left side 
 than on the right: — its base being fixed, ante- 
 riorly, to the great curvature of the stomach ; 
 and, posteriorly, to the arch of the colon. It is 
 formed of two lamina?, each consisting of two 
 others. In this epiploon a number of vessels iS 
 distributed, and there is much fat. 
 
 Epiploon, Gasteo-IIepatic, Lesser Omentum, 
 Omentum hep>'ato-gas'triciim, Omentum miniia, 
 Memhra'na macilen'tior, is a duplieature of the 
 peritoneum, which extends transversely from the 
 right side of the cardia to the corresponding ex- 
 tremity of the fissure of the liver, and down- 
 wards from this fissure to the lesser curvature of 
 the stomach, the pylorus and duodenum. Be 
 low it is ihQ foramen or hiatus of AVinslow; and 
 between its laminas are lodged the biliary and 
 hepatic vessels. It contains but little fat. If 
 air be lilown in at the foramen of Winslow, the 
 cavity of the omentum will be rendered percep- 
 tible. 
 
 Epiploon, Gastro-Splenic, Gastro- Splenic 
 Omentum, 0. Gastro-sple'nicum. A refleetion of 
 the peritoneum, which passes between the con- 
 cave suTfaco of the spleen and the stomach, from 
 the cardiac orifice to near its great curvature, and 
 which lodges the vasa brevia and splenic vessels 
 between its lamina?. 
 
 EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS, from c-twXoov, 
 'the epiploon,' trnpf, 'flesh,' and ojicpaXos, 'the 
 navel.' Umbilical hernia, formed of indurated 
 omentum. 
 
 EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE, Epiploschoce'Ie, from 
 
EPIPLOUM 
 
 337 
 
 EPISYNTHETIC 
 
 tim\oov, 'the epiploon,' o^x^ov, 'the scrotum/ 
 and (cjA*), 'tumour.' Scrotal hernia, formed by a 
 displacL'ment of the epiploon. 
 
 EPIPLOUM, Epiploon. 
 
 EPIPNOIA, Afaatus. 
 
 EPIPORO'MA, from iri-upou, (e-m, and Trwpooi,) 
 • '1 harden.' A tophaceous concretion which forms 
 in the joints, ^he callus of fracture. 
 
 EPIR'RHOE, Epirrhoe'a, from tirj, 'upon,' and 
 pfd), ' I flow.' Afflux or congestion of humours. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 EPIRRH(EA, Epirrhoe. 
 
 EPISARCIDIUM, Anasarca. 
 
 EPIS'CHESIS, Retention; from tfrwxvoi, 'I 
 restrain.' A suppression of excretions. 
 
 EPISCHET'ICUS ; same etymon. Sistens, 
 Bep'rimens, Co'hihens. ' Restraining.' An agent 
 that diminishes — secretion, for example. 
 
 EPISCHION, Abdomen, Pubes, Pubis os. 
 
 EPISCOPALES VALVULE, Mitral valres. 
 
 EPISEION, Pubis (os), Vulva, Labium Pu- 
 dendi, Tressoria. 
 
 EPISEMA'SIA, from t-KKrviiaiva, (e-rt, and ar;iia, 
 *a sign,) 'I afford some sign.' Sema'sin. It has 
 been used synonymously ivith sign, and also with 
 the invasion of an attack of fever. See Annotatio. 
 
 EPISIOCELE, see Hernia, vulvar. 
 
 EPISKEDE'MA, from z-ktuov, 'the labia pu- 
 dendi,' and oiirifia, ' oedema.' OEdema of the labia 
 pudendi. 
 
 EPISION, Episeion. 
 
 EPISION'CUS, EphlopTiy' ma, from tTtiauov, 
 (modern,) 'the labium pudendi,' and oyKo^, 'a 
 tumour.' Tumor lablu'rum. A swelling or tu- 
 mour of the labia pudendi. 
 
 EPISIOPHYMA, Episioncus. 
 
 EPISIORRHAG"IA, from itticciov, 'the labia 
 pudendi,' and payr], ' rupture.' Hemorrhage from 
 the labia pudendi. 
 
 EPISIOR'RHAPHY, Ejnsiorrhaph'ia, from 
 c-icrziov, (modern,) 'the labium pudendi,' 'the 
 vulva,' and pa<j>ri, ' suture.' An operation prac- 
 tised in cases of prolapsus uteri, which consists 
 in paring the opposing surfaces of the labia pu- 
 dendi, bringing them together and uniting them 
 by suture, so as to diminish the outlet of the vulva. 
 
 EPISOi'TIS, from CTziryuov, 'the labia pudendi,' 
 and itis, denoting ' inflammation.' Inflammation 
 of the labia pudendi. 
 
 EPISPA'DIA ; Hyperspa' clia ; same etymon 
 as the next. The condition of an Epispadias. 
 
 EPISPA'DIAS, Episp)acli(B'us, Anaspa'dins, 
 A naspacUm'us, ffi/perspa'dias, HyperfpadicB'ns, 
 from £iri, ' above,' and (nraw, ' I draw.' The op- 
 posite to Hypospadias. One who has a preter- 
 natural opening of the urethra at the upper part 
 of the penis. 
 
 EPISPAS'TICS, Ephpas'tica, Ves'icants, 
 Helc'tiea, (F.) Ej}is2}ast)ques ; same etymon. An 
 epithet for every medicinal substance which, 
 when applied to the skin, excites pain, heat, and 
 more or less redness, followed by separation of 
 the epidermis, which is raised up by effused serum. 
 Cantharides and mustard are epispastics. See 
 Blister and Derivative. 
 
 EPISPASTICUM, Blister. 
 
 JEPISPASTIQUES, T^-pis-pa.stlcs. 
 
 EPISPASTUM, Catapasma. 
 
 EPISPH^'RIA, from etti, 'upon,' and a^atpa, 
 ' a sphere.' Some physiologists have applied this 
 term to the different convolutions and sinuosities 
 presented by the external surface of the brain. 
 
 EPISPHAGISMOS, Signature. 
 
 EPISTACTIS'CHESIS, from tmiTTa^i;, 'epis- 
 taxis,' and ta^ti-v, ' to restrain.' Arrest of bleed- 
 ing from the nose. 
 22 
 
 EPISTAPHYLINI, see Azygos Muscle. 
 
 EPIS'TASIS, Insiden'tia, from zru, ' upon,' 
 and oraui, 'I rest.' A substance which swims at 
 the surface of urine. It is opposed to the hyiws- 
 tasis or sediment. Epistasis has also been em- 
 ployed synonymonslj' with suppression. 
 
 EPISTAX'IS, from £77<, 'upon,' and a-a^u), 'I 
 flow drop by drop.' HcE7norrhag"ia aciica na'- 
 rium, H. nann'ea, H. na'riu'in, Ejiistnx' is jxtnio'- 
 rum, Epistax'is arterio'sa, Hamorrhin' ia, Hcz- 
 morhinorr}i.ag"ia, Hcematis'mus, Ghoanorrhacj"ia, 
 lihinorrliag" ia, Stillicid'inm seu Stilla'tio Sang'- 
 uinis e nar'ihus, Hemorrhage from the pituitary 
 membrane, Bleeding at the nose. Nosebleed, (F.) 
 Hemorrhagie nasale, Saignement du nez, Hhnor- 
 rhinie. This is one of the most common varie- 
 ties of hemorrhage ; the organization of the 
 Schneiderian membrane being favourable to it, 
 as the blood-vessels are but slightly supported. 
 It does not generally flow from both nostrils, and 
 is very apt to recur. Puberty is the period at 
 which it is most common. Its exciting causes 
 are: — any thing that will induce local conges- 
 tions, as running, coughing, blowing the nose, 
 &c., provided there be a predisposition to it. A 
 common case of epistaxis requires but little treat- 
 ment, especiallj' if in a young person. Light 
 diet and a dose or two of the sulphate of magne- 
 sia will be sufficient. In more severe attacks, 
 cold and astringent washes of alum, sulphate of 
 zinc, weak sulphuric acid, or creosote, may be 
 used, and the nostrils be plugged anteriorly ; but 
 if the bleeding goes on posteriorly, the posterior 
 nares must be plugged likewise, — the patient 
 being kept with the head raised. The flow of 
 blood has been arrested by directing the patient 
 to stand up with his head elevated, compressing 
 the nostril whence the blood flows with the finger, 
 raising the corresponding arm perpendicularly, 
 and holding it in this position for about two mi- 
 nutes. A less vigorous circulation through the 
 carotids appears to result from the increased 
 force required to carry on the circulation through 
 the upper extremities when raised. — Negrier. 
 To prevent the recurrence, strict diet must bo in- 
 culcated. 
 
 EPISTER'NAL, Episterna'lis, from m, 'upon,^ 
 and aripvov, ' the sternum.' An epithet applied 
 to two bones which form part of the sternum, and 
 are situate upon its superior and lateral part. In 
 the young subject, they are attached to the ster- 
 num by a synovial membrane, and a fibrous cap- 
 sule. They have somewhat the appearance of 
 the pisiform bones, but are of a greater size. 
 
 According to Professor Owen, the piece of a 
 segment of an articulate animal, which is imme- 
 diately above the middle inferior piece or sternum. 
 
 EPISTHOT'ONOS, from eni^div, 'forwards,'' 
 and TEn'o), 'I extend.' A spasm of the muscles, 
 drawing the body forwards. The word empros- 
 thotonos is more commonly employed. 
 
 EPISTROPHE, Relapse. 
 
 EPISTROPHEUS, Axis. 
 
 EPISTROPHUS^Axis. 
 
 EPISYNAN'CHE, (eiri, and synanche or cynan- 
 che,) Episynangi'na. A Greek word, used by a 
 modern writer for spasm of the pharynx, by 
 which deglutition is prevented, and the solid and 
 liquid food driven back towards the mouth or 
 nasal fossae. 
 
 EPISYNTHET'IC, Ept8ynt7iet'ious,fTom en- 
 (jvvTi3r}ni, (fTTi, cvv, and TiOrini,) 'to' collect, accu- 
 mulate.' The name of a medical sect, whose ob- 
 ject it was to reconcile the principles of the Me- 
 thodists with those of the Empirics and Dogma 
 tists. Leonides of Alexandria seems to have liee.n 
 one of the first partisans of this seetj of w^ich 
 we know little. 
 
EPITASIS 
 
 338 
 
 EQUITATION 
 
 EPIT'ASIS, from £771, and tzivuv, 'to estend.' 
 The period of violence of a fever, [Fehris inten'- 
 w'o,) attack or paroxysm; sometimes it is used in 
 tne same sense as epistasis, for 'suppression.' 
 
 EPITELIUM, Epithelium. 
 
 EPITHE'LIAL, Epithelia'Us ; same etymon 
 as ejjithelium. Appertaining or relating to the 
 epithelium, — as 'epithelial cells, or scales.' 
 
 EPITHE'LIUM, Epite'Uam, EpWie'Us, Ende- 
 piderm'is, from stti, 'upon,' and Bri\ri, 'a nipple.' 
 The thin layer of epidermis, which covers parts 
 deprived of derma, properly so called, — as the 
 nipple, mucous membranes, lips, &c Modern 
 histological researches have shown that it ex- 
 ists, in diiFerent forms, pavement, cylinder and 
 vibratile or ciliated epithelium. Tesselated epi- 
 thelium covers the serous and synovial mem- 
 branes, the lining of blood-vessels, and the mu- 
 cous membranes, except where cylinder epithe- 
 lium exists. It is spread over the mouth, pha- 
 rynx and oesophagus, conjunctiva, vagina, and 
 entrance of the female urethra. Cylinder epithe- 
 lium is found in the intestinal canal, beyond the 
 cardiac orifice of the stomach ; in the larger 
 ducts of the salivary glands ; in the ductus com- 
 munis choledochus, prostate, Cowper's glands, 
 vesicula; seminales, vas deferens, tubuli uriniferi, 
 and urethra of the male ; and lines the urinary 
 passages of the female, from the orifice of the 
 urethra to the beginning of the tubuli uriniferi 
 of the kidneys. In all these situations, it is con- 
 tinuous with tesselated epithelium, which lines 
 the more delicate ducts of the various glands. 
 Por the uses of the ciliated epithelium, see Cilia. 
 
 EP'ITHEM, Epith'ema or Epithe'ma, from £ri, 
 'upon,' and n^rini, 'I put.' This term is applied 
 to every topical application which cannot be 
 classed either under ointments or plasters. 
 Three sorts of epithems have been usually dis- 
 tinguished, — the liquid, dry, and soft, which 
 comprise fomentations, hags filled with dry sub- 
 stances, and cataplasms. 
 
 EPITH'ESIS. Same etymon. The rectifica- 
 tion of crooked limbs by means of instruments. 
 
 EPITHYM'I^, from £t/, 'upon,' and 0u//os-, 
 ' desire.' Morbid desires or longings. 
 
 EPITHYMIAMA, Fumigation. 
 
 EPITHYMUM, Cuscuta epithymum — e. OflS- 
 cinarum, Cuscuta Europaja. 
 
 EPITROCH'LEA, from en, 'upon,' and 
 Tpo)(a'Xta, ' a pulley.' That which is situate above 
 a pulley. Chaussier gives this name to the un- 
 equal, round protuberance situate on the inside 
 of the inferior extremity of the humerus above its 
 articular trochlea. It is the part usually called 
 the inner or lesser condyle of the humerus. From 
 it originate several muscles of the forearm, to 
 which it has given part of their names, according 
 to the system of Chaussier. 
 
 EPITR CHL - CARPI- PA LMAIRE, Pal- 
 maris longus — e. Culito-carpien, see Cubital mus- 
 cles — e. Metacarpicn, Palmaris magnus — e. Pha- 
 langivien commun. Flexor sublimis perforatus — 
 e. Radial, Pronator radii teres. 
 
 EPIZO'A, (F.) Epizodires, Ectoparasites, from 
 f.TTi, 'upon,' and ^mov, 'an animal.' Parasitic ani- 
 mals, which infest the surface of the body, or the 
 common integument. 
 
 EPIZOO'TIA, Epizooty. Same etymon. A 
 disease which reigns amongst animals. It corre- 
 ppi/nds, in the veterinary art, to epidemy in me- 
 dicine. 
 
 RPIZOOT'IC, Epizoot'ieuB, same etymon. Ee- 
 InUng or appertaining to an epizooty, — as an 
 ' e.piziiotic aphtha.' 
 
 EP'OCHE, from e-i, and ix'^' ' *" have or to 
 bold.' Doubt, suKpension of judgment — Siispen'sa 
 
 senten'tia. Sometimes employed in the same 
 sense as epischesis or suppression. 
 
 EPOCHETEUSIS, Derivation. 
 
 EPODE, Incantation. 
 
 EPO'MIS, Superhumera'le, from titi, 'upon,' 
 and ta^os, 'the shoulder.' The acromion. The 
 upper part of the shoulder. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 EPOMPHALICUM, Epomphalium. 
 
 EPOMPHALION, Uterus. 
 
 EPOMPHA'LIUM, Epom2^hal'ieuw, from i^i, 
 'upon,' and o^.tpaXoi;, 'the navel.' A medicine, 
 which, when placed upon the umbilicus, moves 
 the belly. — Paulus of ^gina. 
 
 EPONGE, Spongia — e. d'Eglantier, Bedegar. 
 
 EPOQVES, Menses. 
 
 EPOSTOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 EPOSTOSIS, Exostosis. 
 
 EPREINTES, Tenesmus. 
 
 EPSEMA, Decoction. 
 
 EPSESIS, Decoction, Elixatio. 
 
 EPSOM, MINERAL WATERS OF. Epsom 
 is a town in SuiTer, about 15 miles from London. 
 The water is a simple saline; — consisting chiefly 
 of sulphate of magnesia, which has consequently 
 received the name of Epsom Salts, though no 
 longer prepared from the Epsom water. 
 
 EPITISE3IENT, Exhaustion. 
 
 EPU'LIS, from eiri, 'upon,' and ov\ov, 'the 
 gum.' Odon'tia excres'cens, Sarco'ma epu'lis, 
 Ulon'cvs, Excrescen'tia gingi'vm. An excrescence 
 on the gum, sometimes ending in cancer. 
 
 EPULOSIS, Cicatrization. 
 
 EPULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 EQUAL, JEqua'lis. An epithet applied parti- 
 cularly to the pulse and to respiration. The pulse 
 and respiration are equal, when the pulsations 
 and inspirations which succeed each other are 
 alike in every respect. 
 
 EQUILIB'RIUM, from cBquus, 'equal,' and 
 librare, ' to weigh.' In medicine, this word is 
 sometimes used to designate that state of organs, 
 fluids, and forces, which constitutes health. 
 
 EQUINA CAUDA, see Cauda Equina. 
 
 E QUI'NI A, from equinus, 'belonging to a 
 horse.' Glanders, (F.) llorve. A dangerous con- 
 tagious disorder, accompanied by a pustular erup- 
 tion, which arises from inoculation with certain 
 diseased fluids generated in the horse, the ass and 
 the mule. Two forms are met with, — E. mitis, 
 contracted from horses afl'ected with grease, and 
 E. glandulo'sa, a dangerous and commonly fatal 
 disease communicated to man, either in the acute 
 or chronic form, from the glandered horse. The 
 veterinary surgeons make two varieties of the 
 disease in the horse — Glanders, Bla'lia, 3/alias'- 
 mics. Ma' lie, J/'alis, Malleus ; and Farcy glanders, 
 Farcino'ma, Mal'leus farcimino'sus, Slorhus far- 
 cimino'sus, Cachcx'ia lymphat'ica farcimino'sa, 
 (F.) Morve farcinense : — the former affecting the 
 pituitary membrane and occasioning a profuse 
 discharge from the nostrils, with pustular erup- 
 tions or small tumours, which soon suppurate and 
 ulcerate, being attended by symptoms of malig- 
 nant fever and by gangrene of various parts: — 
 the latter being the same disease, but appearing 
 in the shape of small tumours about the legs, lips, 
 face, neck, &c. of the horse; sometimes very 
 painful, suppurating and degenerating into foul 
 ulcers. They are often seen together. 
 
 The mild cases require little treatment but rest ; 
 the more severe generallv resist all remedies. 
 
 EQUISETUM ARVENSE, Ac, see Ilippuria 
 vultraris — e. Minus, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 
 EQUITA'TION, Equita'tio, Tlippei'a, Ilippn'- 
 sia, Hippen'sis, from eqnus, 'a horse.' Horseback 
 exercise. A kind of exercise, advisable in many 
 diseases, although improper iu others- -in uterine 
 
EQUIVOROUS 
 
 339 
 
 ERGOTISM 
 
 affection?, for instance. It has iDeen much recom- 
 mended in i^htliisis pulmonalis. It is less fatigu- 
 ing than walking, and consequently more avail- 
 able in disease. But to prevent disease, where 
 much exercise is required, the latter is preferable. 
 
 EQUIVOROUS, Equiv'orus, Mi'jjpoph'affons, 
 from eqmis, ' a horse,' and %->oro, ' I devour.' 
 deeding or subsisting on horseflesh. 
 
 EQUIVOCAL, Eqnlv'ocus, from aqmis, 'equal,' 
 and vox, 'voice.' Those symptoms are occasion- 
 ally so denominated which belong to several dis- 
 eases. Generation is said to be ' equivocal,' when 
 it is, or seems to be, spontaneous. See Genera- 
 tion. 
 
 E^QUUS, Hippus. 
 
 ERABLE, Acer saccharinum. 
 
 ERADICA'TION, Ero.dica'tio, from e, 'from,' 
 and radix, 'a root.' The act of rooting out, or 
 completely removing a disease. 
 
 ERAD'ICxiTIVE, Eradi'cans: same etymon. 
 Any thing possessed of the power of completely 
 rooting out a disease. 
 
 ERAILLEMENT BES PAUPIERES, Ec- 
 tropion. 
 
 EREBIXTHUS, Acer arietinum. 
 
 ERECHTHI'TES HIERACIFO'LIA, Sene'cio 
 Itievacifo'lius, Fireiceed. An indigenous plant, 
 Order, Composita?, which flowers from July to 
 September. It is said to be an acrid tonic, and 
 astringent, and in large doses emetic. 
 
 ERECTILE TISSUE, Tela erec'tilis, from 
 en'fjere, (e, and ricjere,) 'to erect,' 'to become 
 erect.' A tissue, whose principal character is :— 
 to be susceptible of dilata,tion, i. e. of turgescence 
 and increase of si.ze. It is formed of a collection 
 of arteries and veins, intermixed with nervous 
 filaments ; which form, by their numerous anas- 
 tomoses, a spongy substance, whose areola com- 
 municate with each other. Smooth muscular 
 fibres have been detected in it. This tissue ex- 
 ists in the corpora cavernosa of the penis and 
 clitoris, at the lower and inner surface of the va- 
 gina, in tiie spongy part of the urethra, the lips, 
 nipples, iris, &c. Sometimes it is developed ac- 
 cidentally, and constitutes a kind of organic 
 ti'ansform.ation. 
 
 ERECTION, Erec'tio, Arrec'fio; same ety- 
 mon. The- state of a part, in which, from having 
 been soft, it becomes stiff, hard, and swollen by 
 the accumulation of blood in the areolaj of its 
 tissue, as in the case of the penis ; — Styma, Sfysis. 
 
 ERECTOR CLITORIDIS, Ischio-cavernosus 
 . — e. Penis, Ischio-cavernosus. 
 
 EREMACAU'SIS, from cpvfog, 'waste,' and 
 Kavcis, 'combustion.' A term applied by Liebig 
 to the slow combustion, oxidation, or decay of 
 organic matters in the air. 
 
 ERE:\[IA, Acinesia. 
 
 ERETHILYTICUM H^MATOLTTICUM, 
 Spansemic. 
 
 ER'ETTIISM, Erethis'vms, Erethis'ia, Irrifa- 
 men'tum, Irrita'tio, from tpj-St^w, 'I irritate.' Ir- 
 ritation. Augmentation of the vital phenomena 
 in any organ or tissue. Orrirtum. Under this 
 name, Mr. Pearson has described a state of the 
 constitution produced by mercury acting on it as 
 a poison. He calls it Ifercu'rial Erethis'miis. It 
 is characterized by great depression of strength ; 
 anxiety about the prascordia; irregular action of 
 the heart; frequent sighing; tremors; small, 
 quick, sometimes intermitting, pulse; occasional 
 vomiting; pale, contracted countenance, and 
 B-ense of coldness; but the tongue is seldom 
 furred, nor are the vital and natural functions 
 much disturbed. In this state any sudden exer- 
 tion may prove fatil. 
 
 ERETlilSMA, Rubefacient. 
 
 ERETHISMUS, Erethism. Irritation-e. Ebrio- 
 
 sorum. Delirium tremens — e. Hydrophobia, Hy- 
 drophobia — e. Oneirodynia, Incubus, Paroniria— 
 e. Simplex, Fidgets. 
 
 ERETHISTICUS. Erethiticus, Rubefacient. 
 
 ERETHIT'IC, Erethit'icns, Erethis'ticxis. Be- 
 longing or relating to erethism, — as " erethitic 
 phenomena," or phenomena of irritation. 
 
 EREUGMOS. Eructation. 
 
 EREUXIS, Eructation, Flatulence. 
 
 ERGASMA, Mvrrha. 
 
 ERGASTERION SPIRITUS, Pulmo. 
 
 ERGASTERIUM, Laboratory. 
 
 ERGOT, (F.) Ergot, ' a spur.' Er'gota, Seca'le 
 cornn'tum, Clavits secali'nus, Claims seca'lis, Sper- 
 moe'dia davits. Mater seca'lis, Calcar, Seca'lis 
 mater, Seca'le luxu'rians, Vstila'go, Claims silig". 
 inis, Frwnen'tmn eornu' turn, F. cornicida'tum, F. 
 luxu'rians, F. tur'gidum, F. temiden'tvm, Brizoc'- 
 eras, (?) Blelanophy' ma, Spurred or Horned Bye, 
 the Spur, Hornseed, (F.) Seigle ergote, Ble cormi. 
 Ergot is generallj' considered to be the result of 
 a disease in rye, occurring most frequently when 
 a hot summer succeeds a rainy spring. Decan- 
 dolle, however, regards it as a parasitic fungns, 
 and calls it, Sclero'tium clavus; whilst Leveill6 
 esteems it to be a fungus giving a coating to the 
 diseased grain ; the medical vii-tues residing in 
 the coating. This parasitic fungus he calls Spha- 
 ce'lia seg"etum. More recently, it has been main- 
 tained, that it is a diseased state of the grain oc- 
 casioned by the growth of a fungus not pre- 
 viously detected, to which the names Ergota'tia 
 ahortans seu ahortifa'ciens, Oidium aborti/a'ciens, 
 Ergot-mould, have been given. It is found pro- 
 jecting from among the leaves of the spike or 
 ear; and is along, crooked excrescence, resem- 
 bling the spur of a cock ; pointed at its extremi- 
 ties ; of a dark brown colour externally, and white 
 within. 
 
 This substance has been long used in Germany 
 to act on the uteriis, as its names Mutterkorn 
 and Gebarpulver (womb-grain, pulvis partu- 
 riens) testify. Upwards of forty years ago, it 
 was recommended in this countiy, by Dr. John 
 Stearns, of Saratoga County, New York, for ac- 
 celerating parturition ; and since that period, nu- 
 merous testimonials have been ofl'ered in its fa- 
 vour. Half a drachm of the powder is gently 
 boiled in half a pint of water, and one-third part 
 given every 20 minutes, until proper pains begin. 
 Some recommend the clear watery infusion ; 
 others advise the powder; others the oil, and 
 others the wine. It is obvious, that in many 
 cases the uterine efforts would return in the pe- 
 riod which would necessarily elapse in the admi- 
 nistration of ergot, so that several of the cases, 
 at least, of reputed efEcacj', may not have been 
 dependent upon the assigned agent. Ergot also 
 possesses — it is affirmed — narcotic virtues, which 
 have rendered it useful in hemorrhagic and other 
 aiiections of excitement. 
 
 Bread, made of spurred rye, has been attended 
 with the effects described under Ergotism. 
 
 EBGOT, Hippocampus minor. 
 
 ERGOT-MOULD, see Ergot. 
 
 ERGOTA, Ergot. 
 
 ERGOT^TIA ABORTANS, see Ergot — e. 
 Abortifaeiens, see Ercot. 
 
 ER'GOTIN, Extrac'tinn. Er'gotm, Extract of 
 Ergot, (F.) Ergotine, Extrait hemostatique dc, 
 Bonjean. The extract of ergot has been found 
 an excellent hemastatic in the dose of two grains 
 several times a day. It has also been used e.x- 
 ternallv. 
 
 EBOOTTNE, Ergotin. 
 
 ER'GOTISM, Ergotis'mus, from ergota, 'ergot. 
 Morbus cerea'lis. Poisoning by ergot. An affec- 
 tion produced by the use of spurred lye. At 
 times, the symptoms are limited to vertigo.- 
 
ERG0TIS3IE CONVULSIVE 
 
 340 
 
 ERVUM 
 
 apasins, and conTulsions. See Convulsio eerealis. 
 Most commonly, there is torpor with numbness 
 of the hands and feet, v/hich waste away, lose 
 sensation and the power of motion, and separate 
 from the body by dry gangrene ; Erc/otis'mus 
 Sphacelo'sus, Sjihac"elu8 cerea'lis, Necro'sia ce- 
 rea'lis, GangrcB'na ustilagin' ea, Necrosis nsttla- 
 gin'ea, Ergot or Mildew mortification, (F.) Ergo- 
 tisms gangreneux, Gangrene des Solonois, Mai de 
 Cologne. 
 
 ERGOTISME CONVULSIVE, Convulsio ee- 
 realis. 
 
 ERGOTISMUS, Ergotism — e. Spasmodicus, 
 Convulsio eerealis — e. Sphacelosus, Ergotism. 
 
 ERI'CA VULGA'RIS, Calla'na vuhja'ris seu 
 Eri'ca, Common Heath, (F.) Bruyere vulgaire. 
 This has been regarded as diuretic and diapho- 
 retic. 
 
 ERIG"EROX BELLIDIFO'LIUM, Bohin's 
 plantain. An indigenous plant of the Composite 
 family ; flowering in May. It is said to possess 
 properties like the nest. 
 
 Erig"eron PiiiLADEL'pnicuAi, Scahioits, Ske- 
 visch, Philadelphia Flea-Bane, Skevisch Flea- 
 Eane, Daisy, Cocash, Frostweed, Fieldweed, 
 Squaio-weed, (F.) Vergerette de Philadelphie. 
 The plant has been used in decoction or infusion 
 for gouty and gravelly complaints, and is said 
 to operate powerfully as a diuretic and sudorific. 
 
 Erigeron Caxaden'se, Oan'ada Fleabane, is 
 considered to be allied in properties to the above, 
 and the same may be said of Erigeron Hetero- 
 j^liyl" him. Sweet Sca'bious or various-leaved Flea- 
 lane ; all of which are in the secondary list of 
 tiie Pharmacopoeia of the United States. 
 
 ERIGERUM, Senecio. 
 
 ERIGNE, Hook. 
 
 EVJNE, Hook. 
 
 ERIOCEPH'ALUS UMBELLTJLA'TUS, Wild 
 Rose'mary. A South African shrub, Nat. Ord. 
 Composite, which is diuretic, and used by the 
 farmers and Hottentots, in various forms of 
 dropsy. 
 
 ERIOSPERM'UM LATIFO'LIUM. A South 
 African plant, the tuber of which is muculent, 
 and used externally in abrasions of the skin, and 
 in superficial ulcers. It is also employed by the 
 Mohammedans, in decoction, in amenorrhoea. 
 
 ERIX, tpif. This word signifies, in Galen, the 
 upper part of the liver. 
 
 ERODENS, Caustic. 
 
 ERODIUM MOSCHATUM, Geranium mos- 
 cliatum. 
 
 EROMANIA, Erotomania. 
 
 ERON'OSUS, Eronu'sos, from j/p, 'spring,' and 
 vcuoi or vovaoi, ' disease.' A disease which ap- 
 pears chiefly in spring. 
 
 EROS, Love. 
 
 EROSIO, Corrosion — e. et Perforatio sponta- 
 nea Ventriculi, Gastromalaeia. 
 
 ERO'SION, Ero'sio, Diahro'sis, Anahro'sis, 
 Gorro'sion, from erodere, (e, and roclere,) 'to eat 
 away.' The action of a corrosive substance, or 
 the gradual destruction of a part by a substance 
 of that kind. It is often employed in the same 
 sense 8.s ulceration, spontaneous erosion. 
 
 EROT'IC, Ero'ticiis, from cpo?, 'love.' That 
 •which is produced by love; — as Erotic melan- 
 fholi/, E. delirium, &c. 
 
 EROTICOMANIA, Erotomania. 
 
 EROTION, Melissa. 
 
 EROTOMA'NIA, Eroma'nia, Ma'm'a erot'ica, 
 from cpw;, 'love,' and fxavia, 'mania.' A species 
 of itental alienation caused by love. Erotic me- 
 lancholy is Love melancholy. Some authors write 
 it Erot'ico-mania. Also, Nymphomania. 
 
 ERPES, Herpes. 
 
 ERRABUNDUS, Planetes. 
 
 ERRAT'IC, Errat'icus, Atae'tos, At'yposj from 
 errare, 'to err.' Wandering, irregular. That 
 which disappears and recurs at irregular inter- 
 vals. This name is given to intermittents, Fehrcs 
 errat'iccB, which observe no type. Most com- 
 monly, it is applied to pains or to any diseased 
 manifestations which are not fixed, but move 
 from one part to another, as in gout, rheumatism, 
 ervsipelas, &c. 
 
 'err EUR DE LIEU, Error loci. 
 
 ER'RHIN^E, Errhi'num or Er'rhinum, Sternn- 
 tato'rium, Ster'niitatory, Ptar'micum, Apophleg- 
 mat'isans per nares, Nasa'le, from tv, ' in,' and 
 piv, 'the nose.' A remedy whose action is ex- 
 erted on the Schneiderian membrane, exciting 
 sneezing and increased discharge. Errhiues have 
 been mainly used as local stimulants in head 
 aifections. The chief are : A sari Folia, Euphor- 
 bise gummi-resina, Hydrargyri sulphas flavus, 
 Tabacum, and Veratrum album. 
 
 ERRHINUM, Sternutatory. 
 
 ER'RHYSIS, from tv, 'in,' and ptu, 'I flow.' 
 With some, a draining of blood. A trifling he- 
 morrhage. 
 
 ERROR LOCI, Apoplane'sis, (F.) Erreur de 
 Lieu. A term, frequently used by Boerhaave to 
 express deviation of fluids, when they enter ves- 
 sels not destined for them. Boerhaave admitted 
 several orders of capillary vessels, the diameters 
 of which went on decreasing. ■ The largest re- 
 ceived red blood : those which came next re- 
 ceived only white : others only lymph ; whilst the 
 last of all were destined for 3'et more subtle fluids 
 — for a kind of vapour. When the red globules 
 entered vessels destined for the white, or the 
 white those intended for the thinner fluids, there 
 was, according to the theory of Boerhaave, an 
 error loci, the proximate cause of inflammation 
 and other mischiefs. See Aberration. 
 
 ERUCA, Brassica eruca, Sinapis — e. Barbarea, 
 Erysimum barbarea — e. Fcetida, Brassica eruca — 
 e. Sativa, Brassica eruca. 
 
 ERUCTA'TION, Ructa'tio, Ereug'mus, Er'yge, 
 Eructa'tio, Ructus, Rueta' men, Rntfua'tio, 
 Ereux'is, Restagna'iio, Ruff, (iV. of England,) 
 from eructare, (e, and ructare, ' to belch.') 
 Belching, (F.) Rot, Rapport. A sonorous emis- 
 sion, by the mouth, of flatus proceeding from tho 
 stomach. When so frequent as to occasion a dis- 
 eased condition, this is termed Ructuo' situs, 3Ior- 
 hus ructuo'sua. 
 
 ERUGATORIA, Tetanothra. 
 
 ERUGINEUX, ^ruginous. 
 
 ERUPTIO, Eruption— e. Exanthematis, Epa- 
 nastasis — e. Sanguinis, Hfemorrhagia. 
 
 ERUP'TION, Erup'tio, from erumpere, (e, and 
 rumpere,) ' to issue with violence,' ' to break out.' 
 This word has several meanings. 1. The sudden 
 and copious evacuation of any fluid from a canal 
 or cavity; — of serum, blood, pus, &c.. for exam- 
 ple. 2. The breaking out of an exanthem ; and, 
 3, the exanthem itself, whether simply in the 
 form of a rash, or of pustules, vesicles, <tc. 
 
 ERUPTION ANOMALE, Roseola- e. Ro- 
 sace, Roseolx — e. Violet, lonthus. 
 
 ERUP'TIVE, Eruptirns. That which is ac- 
 companied by an eruption. Thus small-pox, 
 measles, scarlet fever, miliaria, &c., are eruptiv-e 
 fevers. The term eruptive disease is nearly sj'- 
 nonymous with cutaneous disease. 
 
 ERVA DE SANCTA MARIA, Arum Dracun- 
 culus. 
 
 ERVALENTA, see Ervum. 
 
 ERVUM, E. Ervil'in, E. j^lica'tvm, Vic"ia er- , 
 vil'ia, Or'ohus, (F.) Lcntillc Ers ou Orohc. In 
 times of scarcity, the seeds have been made into 
 bread, but it is said not to be wholesome. The 
 meal was one much used in poultices : it Tis for- 
 
ERYGB 
 
 341 
 
 ERYTHEMA 
 
 merly called OroVwn, opofiiov. Under the name 
 Ervalent'a, a secret preparation has been intro- 
 duced into Paris. It is a vegetable powder, which, 
 vrhen mixed with milk and soup and taken night 
 and morning, is said to have succeeded in remo- 
 ving old and obstinate obstructions ! Buchner 
 thinks it is bean-meal, Ditterieh, the meal of the 
 seed of Ervum Ervilia. — Aschenbrenner. 
 
 Ervum Ervilia, Ervum. 
 
 Ervcji Ij^ys, Gicer Lens. Lens esculen' ta,Phacos, 
 the Lentil, (F.) Lentille. The seed, Phace, Pha'- 
 cea, Phaciis, is eaten in many places like peas : 
 they are flatulent and difficult of digestion. 
 
 Ervum Plicatdji, Ervum. 
 
 ERYGE, Eructation. 
 
 ERYNGIUM, see E. Aqnaticum. 
 
 Eryn'gium Aquat'icuji, Water Eryn'go, But- 
 ton Snake Boot. Nat. Order, Umbelliferas. This 
 root, Eryn'gium, (Ph. U. S.,) is nearly allied to 
 the contraj'erva of the shops, and acts more espe- 
 cially as a sudorific. It is a secondary article in 
 the Pharm. U. S. 
 
 Eryxgium Campes'trE, E. vulga're, Centum 
 Cap ita, Lyrin'gmm, Aster inquina'lis, Capit'u- 
 limi Martis, Acus Ven'eris, (F.) Panieaut, Char- 
 don-Roland, is sometimes used for E. maritimum. 
 
 Eryngium Marit'imuii seu Mari'num. The 
 Sea Holly or Eryngo, jEthe'rea Herha, (F.) Pa- 
 nieaut Maritime. Eryngo root has a slightly aro- 
 matic odour, and sweetish and warm taste. It is 
 considered to be diuretic and expectorant, but its 
 powers are so weak, that it is scarcelj' ever used. 
 
 Ery'ngium Yulgare, E. Campestre. 
 
 ERYNGO, SEA, Eryngium maritimum — e. 
 Water, Eryngium aquaticum. 
 
 ERYS'IMUM, Erys'imum officina'le, Sisym'- 
 hrium officina'le, ChamcB'plion. Hedge-mustard, 
 (F.) Velar, Tortelle, Herbe aux Ghantres. This 
 was, formerly, much used for its expectorant and 
 diuretic qualities. The seeds greatly resemble 
 mustard. 
 
 Erysijiuji Alliaeia, Alliaria. 
 
 Erysimum Barba'rba, E. lyra'tum, Ar'ahis 
 harha'rea, Sisymhrium barba'rea, Eru'ca barba'- 
 rea, Barba'rea, B. stric'ta, (F.) Herbe de Sainte 
 Barbe, has been ranked amongst the antiscor- 
 butic plants. See Alliaria. 
 
 Erysijium Gordifolium, Alliaria — c. Lyratum, 
 E. barbarea. 
 
 ERYSIPELA'CEA. Same etymon as the next. 
 A family of eruptive diseases, comprising erysi- 
 pelas, variola, rubeola, and scarlatina. 
 
 ERYSIP'ELAS, from Epuw, 'I draw in,' and 
 jrsXaf, 'near.' Febris erysipelato'sa, Febris ery- 
 aipela'cea, Erytlirop'yra, Emphlysis Erysip'elas, 
 St. Anthony's fire. Ignis Sancti Anto'nii, I. Colu- 
 mel'lcB, Hieropyr, Icterit"ia rubra, Ignis sacer. 
 Hose, liubea icterit"ia, Vicinitra'ha, Vicinitrac'- 
 tns, Brunns, Lugdus, (F.) JErysipele, Feu St. An- 
 toine, Feu saere, 3Ial Saint Antoine. A disease, 
 80 called because it generally extends gradually 
 to the neighbouring parts. Superficial inflamma- 
 tion of the skin, with general fever, tension and 
 swelling of the part; pain and heat more or less 
 acrid ; redness difi'used, but more or less circum- 
 scribed, and disappearing when pressed upon by 
 the finger, but returning as soon as the pressure 
 is removed. Frequently, small vesicles appear 
 upon the inflamed part, which dry up and fall 
 off, under the form of branny scales. Er3'sipelas 
 is, generally, an acute affection : its medium du- 
 ration being from 10 to 14 days. It yields, com- 
 monly, to general refrigerant remedies. Topical 
 applications are rarely serviceable. . At times, 
 when the disease a,pproaches the phlegmonous 
 character, copious bleeding and other evacuants 
 may be required, as in many cases of erysipelas 
 of the face; but this is not commonly necessary. 
 
 In most cases, indeed, the general action seems 
 deficient, and it becomes necessary to give tonics. 
 
 AVhen erysipelas is of a highly inflammatory 
 character, and invades the parts beneath, it is 
 termed Erysip'elas phlegmono'dcs, (F.) Erysiptle 
 jMegmoneux : when accompanied with phiyc- 
 tenaj, and the inflammation terminates in gan- 
 grene, Erysip)'elas gangrcBUo'sum, (F.) Erysipllc 
 gangreneux ; and when associated with infiltra- 
 tion of serum Erysipt'elas cedemato'sum, (F.) Fry- 
 sipele oedemateux. 
 
 Erysipelas Gangrenosum, see Erysipelas — 
 e. QSdematosum, see Erysipelas — e. Phlegmo- 
 nodes, see Erysipelas — e. Periodica nervosa 
 chronica, Pellagra — e. Phlyctenoides, Herpes 
 zoster — e. Pustulosa, Herpes zoster — e. Zoster, 
 Hemes zoster. 
 
 ERYSIPELATODES, Erysipelatous. 
 
 ERYSIPEL'ATOUS, Erysipelato'des, Erysi- 
 pelato'sus. Belonging to erysipelas ; as an ery- 
 sipel' atous affection. 
 
 Erysipbl'atoos Inflammation, Inflamma'tio 
 erysipielato'sa, Ep)ipMogis'ma, Cuti'tis, Bermati'- 
 tis, is the character of inflammation which distin- 
 guishes erysipelas, Erythe'ma erysipelato' sum. 
 
 ERYSIPELE, Erysipelas — e. Ambulant, see 
 Ambulant — e. Gangreneux, see Erysipelas — e. 
 (Edemateux, see Erysipelas — e. Phlegmoneux, see 
 Erj'sipelas — e. Serpigineux, see Serpiginous — e. 
 Pustuleux, Herpes zoster. 
 
 ERYSOS, Erythema. 
 
 ERYTHE'MA, from sjwOpaws, cpvdpog, 'red, 
 rose-coloured.' Erythre'ma, ( F. ) Erytheme. 
 This name is, sometimes, given to erysipelas, 
 especially when of a local character. It is, 
 also, applied to the morbid redness on the 
 cheeks of the hectic, and on the skin covering 
 bubo, phlegmon, &c. It forms the 6th genus 
 of the 3d order, Exanthemata, of Bateman's 
 classification of cutaneous diseases ; and is de- 
 fined, "a nearly continuous redness of some 
 portion of the skin, attended with disorder of the 
 constitution, but not contagious.' Many varie- 
 ties are described bj^ dermatologists, — for exam- 
 ple, E. intertrigo, E. fugax, E. papula'tum, E, 
 tubercida'tum, E. nodo'sum, E. Imve, E. centri/'- 
 itgum, E. margina'tum, and E. acrodyn'ia. 
 
 Ery'thema Acrodynia, Acrodynum — e. Am- 
 bustio, Burn — e. Anthrax, Anthrax. 
 
 Ery'the'ma Cextrip'ugum. A variety of ery- 
 thema attacking the face, commencing with a 
 small red spot, and spreading around, so as, at 
 times, to affect the whole face. 
 
 Erythema Endemicum, Pellagra — e. a Fri- 
 gore. Chilblain. 
 
 Erythe'ma Fugax. Patches of erythema, 
 that sometimes appear on the body in febrile dis- 
 eases, teething children, &c., and which are of 
 brief duration. 
 
 Ery'thema GangRjEnosum, Anthrax — e. Icho- 
 rosum. Eczema mercuriale — e. Intertrigo, Chafing. 
 
 Erythe'ma L.ete, (F.) Erytheme leger. Slight 
 erythema affecting the skin, as in oedema. 
 
 Erythe'ma Margina'tum, (F.) Erytheme mar- 
 ginal. A form in which the prominent patches 
 of erythema are distinctly separated from the 
 skin at their margins. 
 
 Ery'thema Mercuriale, Eczema mercuriale. 
 
 Erythe'ma Nodo'sum, (F.) Erytheme no^teux. 
 A more severe form of Erythema tuberculatum. 
 
 Erythe'ma Papula'tum, (F.) Erytheme papiit- 
 leiix. Patches of erythema, which are at first pa ■ 
 pulated, appearing on the face, neck, breast, <feo., 
 of females, and young persons more especially. 
 
 Erythema Pellagrum, Pellagra — e. Pernio 
 Chilblain. 
 
ERYTHEMATOUS 
 
 342 
 
 ESSENCE 
 
 Ertthe'ma Sola're. a name given by the 
 Italians to Pellagra, owing to its being attended 
 ■with an eruption of small red spots or patches on 
 the parts that are exposed to the sun. 
 
 Erythe'ma Tubeecula'tum, E.tuberculo'sum, 
 (F.) Erytheme tuherculeux. A form of erythema 
 in which the patches are in small lumps. 
 
 ERYTHEM'ATOUS, Erythemat' Ic, Erythema- 
 to'sus, Erythemat' icus, (P.) Erythemateux. Ap- 
 pertaining or relating to Erythema. 
 
 ERYTHEME, Erythema— e'. Leger, Erythe- 
 ma Ifsve — e. Marginal, Erythema marginatum — 
 6. Noveux, Erythema nodosum — e. Papulevx, 
 Erythema papulatum — e. Tuberculeucc, Erythema 
 tuberculatum. 
 
 ERYTHEMA CENTAURIUM, Chironia cen- 
 taui'ium — e. Chilensis, Canchalagua, Chironia 
 Chilensis. 
 
 ERYTHRiEMIA.JPlethora. 
 
 ERYTHRAN'CPIE, Angi'na erysipelato'sa, 
 from cpvdpos, 'red/ and ayx'^> 'I suffocate.' Ery- 
 sipelatous or erythematous sore throat. 
 
 ERYTHREMA, Erythema. 
 
 ERYTHRINA MOiSTOSPERMA, Butea fron- 
 dosa. 
 
 ERYTHROCHCERAS, Cynanehe parotidEea. 
 
 ERYTHRODANUM, Rubia. 
 
 ER'YTHROID, Erythro'dea, ErythroVdes. 
 Reddish. 
 
 Erttheoid Coat. Tu'nica erytliro' dea. Vagi- 
 nal coat of the testis. 
 
 Er'ythroid Ves'icle, Vesic'ula Erytliro'idea. 
 A vesicle of the foetus described by Pockcls and 
 others. It is pyriform, and much longer than, 
 although of the same breadth as, the umbilical 
 vesicle. Velpeau, AVeber, and others, doubt its 
 being a physiological condition. 
 
 ERYTHRONIUM, E. Americanum. 
 
 ERYTHRo'jsatiJi America'nuhf, E. flavum, E. 
 dens canis, E. lanceola'tum, E. longifo'Uum, Com- 
 mon Erythro'nium, Yellow Snahe-leaf, Yellow 
 Adder's tongue, Adder-leaf, Eog vi'olet. Rattle- 
 snake vi'olet. Lamb's tongue. Scrofula root, Yel- 
 loio Snowdrop. This plant is possessed of emetic 
 properties, but is rarely, if ever, used. The root 
 and herb, Erythro'nium, (Ph. U. S.,) are in the 
 secondary list of the Phai-macopoeia of the United 
 States. 
 
 Erythroxium Dexs Canis, E. Americanum — 
 e. Flavum, E. Americanum — e. Lanceolatum, E. 
 Americanum — e. Longifoliurn, E. Americanum. 
 
 ERYTHROPYRA, Erysipelas. 
 
 ERYTHROSIS, Plethora. 
 
 ES'APHE, from eaacpau), 'I touch with the lin- 
 gers.' (F.) Le Toucher. The introduction of a 
 finger or fingers into the vagina, for the purpose 
 of examining the condition of the uterus. It is 
 employed to verify the existence or non-existence 
 of pregnancy and its different stages ; to detect 
 certain affections or faults of conformation in the 
 genital organs and pelvis; and, during the pro- 
 cess of accouchement, to examine into the pro- 
 gress of labour, &c. 
 
 ESCA, Aliment. 
 
 ESCARA, Eschar. 
 
 ES OAR GOT, Limax. 
 ESCHALOTTE, Echalotte. 
 
 ESCHAR. Es'chara, Es'char, a slough, a crust 
 or scab. The crust or disorganized portion, ari- 
 .«;ing from the mortification of a part, and which 
 is distinguishable from the living parts by its 
 colour, consistence, and other physical properties. 
 The inflammation which it excites in the conti- 
 jjuous parts, gives occasion to a secretion of pus 
 between the living and dead parts, which ulti- 
 loately completely separates the latter. 
 ESCHARA, Vulva. 
 
 ESCHAROT'IC, Escharot'icum, from iaxafia, 
 'eschar.' Any substance, which, when applied 
 upon a living part, gives rise to an eschar, such 
 as caustic jiiotassa : the concentrated tuineral 
 acids, &c. 
 
 EscHAROTic Poison, see Poison. 
 
 ESCHELLOHE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This water rises at the foot of a mountain near 
 the convent of Etal in Bavaria. It is a sulphuro- 
 saline. 
 
 ESCHID'NA OCELLA'TA. A very poisonous 
 viper, which inhabits the sugar-cane fields of 
 Peru. Its bite is almost instantaneouslj' fatal. 
 
 ESCORZONERA, Scorzonera. 
 
 ESCRE VISSE, Crab. 
 
 ESCULAPIAN, Medical. 
 
 ES'CULENT, Escnlen'tus, Ed'ible, Eat'aUe, 
 from esca, 'food.' (F.) Comestibl-e. Such plants 
 or such parts of plants or animals as may be 
 eaten for food. 
 
 ESO, £(T(j, 'within.' A prefix which signifies 
 an affection of an internal part; as Esoenteritis, 
 inflammation of the inner membrane of the intes- 
 tines : — Esogastri'tis, inflammation of the inner 
 membrane of the stomach, Ac. 
 
 ESOCHAS, Esoche. 
 
 ES'OCHE, Es'ochas. A tumour — as a hemor- 
 rhoid — within the anus. 
 
 ESOCOLITIS, Desentery. 
 
 ESODIC, Afferent. 
 
 ESOENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
 
 ESOGASTRITIS, Endogastritis. 
 
 ESOTER'IC, £<70iT£po;, 'interior,' from tau), 
 'within.' Private; interior; in contradistinction 
 to Exoter'ic, public, exterior. Hence, we speak 
 of 'esoteric and exoteric causes of disease.' 
 
 ESOT'ERISM, MED'ICAL. Same etymon as 
 Esoteric. A term used by M. Simon, in his De- 
 ontologie medicale, for that esotery, or mystery 
 and secresy, with which the practitioner performs 
 his daily duties, and which, he conceives, he is 
 compelled to adopt by the prejudices and igno- 
 rance of his patients. 
 
 ESP AGES INTERCOSTAUX, see Costa. 
 
 ESPEGE, Powder, compound. 
 
 ESPECES YULNERAIRES, Falltranck. 
 
 ESPHLA'SIS, from ns, 'inwards,' and ^\au>, 
 ' I break, bruise,' <fcc. A fracture of the skull by 
 comminution, the fragments being depressed. 
 See Depression, and Enthlasis. 
 
 ESPRIT, Spirit — e. d'Ammoniaque, Spiritus 
 ammonige — e. d'Anis, Spiritus anisi- — -e. de Cam- 
 2)h.re, Spiritus camphorse — e. de Gannellc, Spuitus 
 cinnamomi — e. de Carvi, Spiritus carui — e. de 
 Genievre compose, Spiritus juniperi compositus — 
 e. de Lavande, Spiritus lavandula3 — e. de Lavaride 
 compose, Spiritus lavandulse compositus — e. de 
 3Ienthe poivree, Spu'itus menthse piperitas — e. c/« 
 Muscade, Spiritus myristicas — e. de Poiiliot, Spi- 
 ritus pulegii — e. de Raifort compose, Spiritus ar- 
 moracise compositus — e. de Romarin, Spiritus 
 rosmarini — e. de Yin delaye, Spiritus tenuior — e. 
 de Vin rectifie, Spiritus rectificatus. 
 
 E SPRITS ANIMAUX, Nervous fluid. 
 
 ESQ UILLE, Splinter. 
 
 ESQUINANCIE, Cynanehe, Cynanehe ton- 
 sillaris. 
 
 ESQUINE, Smilax China. 
 ES'SENCE, Essen'tia, corrupted from existen- 
 tia, 'standing out.'(?) By some, used synony- 
 mously with volatile oil; by others, with sim2^l<'- 
 tincture. The oil of pieppermint is the oil obtained 
 by distillation ; the essence, the oil diluted with 
 spirit. See Tinct. olei menthaj. 
 
 Essence of Bardana, Hill's, Tinctnri giiaiaci 
 ammoniata — e. of Coltsfoot, see Tinctura benzoini 
 composita — e. of Musk, Tinctui'a moschi — e. of 
 
ESSENCES 
 
 343 
 
 ETIIMYPniTIS 
 
 Mustard Pills, Whitehead's, see Sinapis — e. of 
 Mustard, Whitehead's, see Sinapis — e. of Pep- 
 permint, Tinctura olei mentha; piperitse — e. of 
 Spearmint, Tinctura olei menthse viridis — e. of 
 Spruce, see Pinus Abies. 
 
 ESSENCES, Olea volatilia. 
 
 ESSENTIA, Essence, Tincture — e. Abietis, 
 see Pinus abies — e. Aloes, Tinctura aloes — e. 
 Absinthii amara, Tinctura A. composita — e. Ab- 
 sinthii composita, Tinctura A. composita — e. An- 
 timonii sen stibii, Vinum antimonii tartarizati — 
 e. Antiseptica lluxhami, Tinctura cinchoniB com- 
 posita — e. Aromatica, Tinctura cinnamomi com- 
 I>osita — e. Castorei, Tinctura castorei — e. Catho- 
 lica purgans Rothii, Tinctura jalapii composita — 
 6. de Cedro, Oleum cedrinum — e. Cbinte, Tinc- 
 tura cinchonffi composita — e. Cinnamomi, Tinc- 
 tura cinnamomi — e. Neroli, see Citrus aurantium 
 — e. Cortieis Peruvian! antiseptica Huxhami, 
 Tinctura cinchonse composita — e. Cortieis Peru- 
 viana composita, Tinctura cinchonse amara. 
 
 ESSEN'TIAL, Essentia'Ua. The word essential 
 has been applied to the immediate or active prin- 
 ciples of vegetables, which were believed to be 
 endowed with the properties of the plants from 
 which they were extracted. Essential oil was so 
 called because it was regarded as the only imme- 
 diate principle which was essential. This expres- 
 sion is retained. Essential salts are true salts or 
 extracts which exist, ready formed, in vegetables ; 
 and which are obtained by distillation, incinera- 
 tion, or some other process. 
 
 An essential disease is synonymous with a ge- 
 neral disease ; that is, one not depending on any 
 local affection ; — not symptomatic. See Entitj''. 
 
 ES'SERA, Es'sere, Sora, Saire, Sare, Morbus 
 pofci'nus, Rosa saltans, Urtica'ria porcella'na, 
 (F.) Ampoules, Poreelaine. A species of cutane- 
 ous eruption, consisting of small, reddish tuber- 
 cles over the whole body, accompanied by a 
 troublesome itching. It seems to be a variety of 
 lichen or urticaria. See Lichen tropicus. 
 
 ESSIEU, Axis. 
 
 ESSO UFFLEMENT, Anhelatio. 
 
 ESTHEMA, Vestitus. 
 
 ESTHESIS, Vestitus. 
 
 ESTRIOMENE, Esthiomenus. 
 
 ESTHIOM'ENUS, Estiom'enus, from caOttjo, '1 
 eat.' Ex'edens. (P.) Esthiomene. That which 
 devours or eats away. Certain ulcers and erup- 
 tions — Dartres rongeanies — -are so called. 
 
 ES'TIVAL, JEsti'vus; happening in summer, 
 belonging to summer. This epithet is given to 
 summer diseases, so called because they reign at 
 that season, and appear to depend on the influ- 
 ence exerted by it on the animal economy. In 
 the United States, the term summer disease or 
 complaint means disorder of the bowels, as diar- 
 rhcea, cholera morbus, &c. 
 
 ESTOJIAC, Stomach. 
 
 ESULA CYPARISSIAS, Euphorbia cyparis- 
 sias — e. Major, Euphorbia palustris — e. Minor, 
 Euphorbia cyparissias. 
 
 ESURIES, Hunger. 
 
 ESURIGO, Hunger. 
 
 ESURITIO, Hunger. 
 
 ESYCHIA, Acinesia. 
 
 ETAGE, Stage. 
 
 ETAIN, Tin — e. de Glace, Bismuth— e. Gris, 
 Bismuth. 
 
 ETAT GRANULEUX BU BEIJSr, Kidnej, 
 Bright's Disease of the. 
 
 ETERNUEMENT, Sneezing. 
 
 ETESTICULATIO, Castration. 
 
 ETHER, ^ther, ^ther sulphuricus— e. Acetic, 
 Bee iEther. 
 
 Ether, •Chloric, Chloroform. Under the 
 tames concentrated chloric ether and strong 
 
 chloric ether, a compound of pure chloroform and 
 nearly absolute alcohol — in the proportion of 
 one-third of the former to two-thirds of the latter 
 — has been used as an anesthetic by inhalation, in 
 the same cases as sulphuric ether and chloroform. 
 It is properly an alcoholic solution or tincture of 
 chloroform. 
 
 Ether, Chlorohydric, Chlorinated, see 
 ^ther muriaticus — e. Chlorohydrique chlore, see 
 ^ther muriaticus. 
 
 Ether, Compound. A preparation consisting 
 of a solution oi chloroform in sulphuric ether, ■which 
 has been used as an anajsthetic by inhalation, in 
 the same cases as chloroform. 
 
 Ether, Hydrochloric, see ^ther — e. Hydro- 
 cyanic, iEther hydrocyanicus — e. Muriatic, JEther 
 muriaticus — e. Nitric, see ^ther — e. Nitrous, see 
 Jither — e. Phosphoric, see ^ther — e. Rectified, 
 jiEther sulphuricus — e. Sulphuric, iEther sul- 
 phuricus — e. Terebinthinated, ^ther terebin- 
 thinatus. 
 
 E^THEREAL, ethereal. 
 
 ETHEREE, iEthereal. 
 
 ETHEREOUS, .Ethereal. 
 
 ETHERINE, HYDROCYANATE OF, ^ther 
 hydrocyanicus — e. Muriate of, ^ther muriaticus. 
 
 ETHERIZA'TION, JEtherisa'tio. The aggre- 
 gate of phenomena induced by the inhalation of 
 ether. 
 
 E'THERIZED, JEtherisa'tus. Presenting the 
 phenomena induced by the inhalation of ether. 
 
 ETHICS, MEDICAL, Deontology, medical. 
 
 ETHIOPIAN, see Homo. 
 
 ETHIOPS, see ^thiops. 
 
 ETHISIS, Filtration. 
 
 ETHISMUS, Filtration. 
 
 ETH'MOID, Ethmo'des, EthmoVdes, EthmoV- 
 deus, from rjOiJos, 'a sieve,' and ciSos, 'form.' 
 Shaped like a sieve. 
 
 Ethmoid Bone, Os ethmo'ideum, Os multifor'me, 
 Os spongio'sum, Os spongo'i'des, Os cribro'sum, Os 
 cribrifor' me, Os cu'bicum, Os crista' turn, Osfora- 
 minulen'tum, Os colifor' me, Os colato'rium, (F.) 
 Os cribleux. One of the eight bones which com- 
 pose the cranium ; so called, because its upper 
 plate is pierced by a considerable number of 
 holes. The ethmoid bone is situate at the ante- 
 rior, inferior, and middle part of the base of the 
 cranium. It seems to be composed of a multitude 
 of thin, fragile, semi-transparent laminae, which 
 form more or less spacious cells, called the Eth- 
 moidal labyrinth or cells, distinguished into ante- 
 rior and posterior. These communicate with the 
 nose, and are lined by a prolongation of the 
 pituitary membrane. The ethmoid bone is con- 
 stituted of compact tissue, and is surrounded by 
 the Ethmoid suture. It is articulated with the 
 frontal and sjihenoidal hones, the corntia sp>heno- 
 'idalia, the superior maxillary bones, the palate 
 bones, the ossa turbinata inferiora, the vomer, 
 the propier bones of the nose, and the lachrymal 
 bones. 
 
 ETHMOID'AL, Ethmdida'lis. Belonging to 
 the ethmoid bone; as, Ethmoidal cells, E. suture, 
 &c. The Ethmoi'dal apoph'ysis or process is the 
 advanced part of the sphenoid bone, which articu- 
 lates with the ethmoid. The ethmoidal arteries 
 are two in number, the anterior of which arises 
 from the ophthalmic artery. The origin of the 
 other varies. The Echancrure ethmo'idale of the os 
 frontis receives the ethmoid bones. The Ethmoi- 
 dal veins correspond to the arteries. 
 
 ETHMOSYNE, Habit. 
 
 ETHMYPHE, Cellular tissue. 
 
 ETHMYPHI'TTS, Inflamma'tio telcB cellnlo'sce, 
 from riQjio;, 'a sieve,' 'vipv, 'texture,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the cel- 
 lular membrane. 
 
ETHMYPH0TYL0SI3 
 
 3M 
 
 EUPATORIUM 
 
 ETHMYPHOTTLOSIS, Induration of the cel- 
 lular tissue. 
 
 ETHOS, Habit. 
 
 E^THULE, CYANURET OF, ^ther. 
 
 ETEUSE, ^thusa cynapium — e. 2Ieum, ^thu- 
 sa meum. 
 
 ETHYLE, CHLORIDE OF, ^ther muri- 
 aticus. ^ 
 
 ETIOLA'TIOX, Blanching, (F.) Etiolement. 
 That state of plants which occurs in consequence 
 of privation of light, when they become pale and 
 watery. In pathology, it is sometimes used to 
 denote the paleness produced in those persons 
 who have been kept long without light; or a 
 similar paleness, the result of chronic disease. 
 
 ETIOLEMENT, Etiolation. 
 
 ETIOLOGY, ^tiologia. 
 
 ETIQUETTE, MEDICAL, Deontology, me- 
 dical. 
 
 ETTSE, Hectisis — i. Mesenterique, Tabes me- 
 senterica. 
 
 ETOILE, Stella. 
 
 ETONNEE, Stunned. 
 
 ETOUFFEMENT, Suffocation. 
 
 ETO URDISSEMENT, Vertigo. 
 
 ETRANGLEMENT, Strangulation, Hysteria 
 ■ — e. des Infestins, Enteremphraxis. * 
 
 ETRIER, Stapes. 
 
 ETROX, Abdomen, Hypogastrium. 
 
 ETROX'CUS, from tjtoov, 'the lower belly,' 
 and oy/coj, ' a tumour.' A tumour of the lower 
 belly. 
 
 :^TUVE, Stove— e. Humide, Bath, vapour. 
 
 ETUYER, to Foment. 
 
 EU, Ev, ' good, proper,' when prefixed to words. 
 Hence : 
 
 EU^'MIA, from tv, 'well,' and 'aipia, 'blood.' 
 A good condition of the blood. 
 
 EmESTHE'SIA, from ev, 'well,' and aiaOn(Tis, 
 ' perception.' Vigorous perception. A good con- 
 dition of the perceptive faculties. 
 
 EU^ESTHE'TOS. Same etymon. One whose 
 senses are in full vigour. 
 
 EUAXALEP'SIS, from ev, 'good,' and ava- 
 Xri^-is, 'recovery.' Rapid restoration to strength. 
 
 EUANTHEMON, Anthemis nobilis. 
 
 EUCALYPTUS RESINIFERA, see Kino. 
 
 EUCHRCE'A, from tv, 'good,' and XP"^"' 'co- 
 lour.' A good or healthy colour of the skin. A 
 good appearance of the surface. ■' 
 
 EUCHYM'IA, from ev, 'well,' and x"!'"^' 
 'juice.' A good state of the humours. 
 
 EUCRA'SIA, from n, 'well,' and Kpaaig, 'tem- 
 perament.' A good temperament. 
 
 EUDIAPNEUS'TIA, from cviia-vtvaro;, 'one 
 who breathes well.' Easy transpiration. 
 
 EUECTICA (medicina) .Gymnastics. 
 
 EUEL'CES, from ev, 'well,' and 'eAkoj, 'an 
 ulcer.' One in whom wounds and ulcers are 
 readily healed. 
 
 EU'EMES, Euem'etos, from cv, 'well,' and 
 tfizo}, ' I vomit.' That which readily excites 
 vomiting. One who vomits with facility. 
 
 EUETHES, Benign. 
 
 EUEX'IA, from ev, 'well,' and 'e^t;, ' constitu- 
 tjoc' A good constitution. 
 
 EUFRAISE, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 
 EUGE'XIA CARYOPIIYLLA'TA, called after 
 Prince Eugene. Garrophi/l'lns, C'aryopJujl'lits aro- 
 Ktiit'icus, 3fi/rttt3 caryophyl'lua. The Indian tree 
 (vhich affords the clove. Order, Myrtaceoc. The 
 Clove, Caryophyl'lus, C. aromai' ieua,\s the unex- 
 f^nded bud, (F.) Girofie, Gerojle, Girophle. Its 
 
 odour is strong, aromatic, and peculiar; taste, 
 pungent and acrid. Like all substances, whoso 
 virtue depends upon essential oil, it is stimulant 
 and carminative. It is generally used as a cor- 
 rigent to other remedies, and in cases where sub- 
 stances containing the essential oils are demanded. 
 The oil, (F.) EuUe de Gerojle — Oleum caryojjhyl'- 
 li, Oil of Cloves — has the properties of the cloves. 
 
 EUGIOX, Hymen. 
 
 EULOPHIA, see Salep. 
 
 EUXUCH, Exinu'clius, from evvrj, 'the bed,' 
 and £;^M, 'I keep.' Hemian'd.rus, Hemianor, He- 
 mianthro'pius, Seminias, Semimas' cuius, Sewivir, 
 Thla'dias, Thla'sias, Thlib'ias, Castra'tus, Gallus, 
 Ejocastra'tus, Evira'tus, Emascxda'tua, Spado, Ex- 
 sec'tus, Extesticula'tus, Extom'ius, Scm'ivir, Semi- 
 niascula'tus. One whose organs of generation 
 have been removed, or so altered, that he is ren- 
 dered incapable of reproducing his species, or of 
 exercising the act of venery. Eunuchs were 
 common with the ancient Romans. In Italy, 
 this horrible mutilation still takes place to im- 
 prove the voice ; and in the East, eunuchs have 
 the surveillance of the seraglio. 
 
 EUXUCHISMUS, Castration. 
 
 EUXUCHIUM MECOXIS, Lettuce. 
 
 EUXUCHUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EUODES, Beneolentia. 
 
 EUOXYMUS, Quassia simarouba. 
 
 Erox'yjfUS Ajierica'xus, Strawberry lus\ 
 Straicberry tree, Burning bush, Indian arrow- 
 icood. A shrub of the Kaf. Ord. Celastraceae, 
 Sex. Syst. Pentaudria monogynia, which, like 
 the next, is found throughout the United States 
 and Canada; flowering from May to June. 
 
 EuOM'Yirus Atropurpu'eeus, Burning bus?,. 
 Spindle tree, Indian Arrow tcood, flowers from 
 June to July. 
 
 From these varieties of Euonymus the Wahoo 
 or Whahoo bark is said to be obtained. It is diu- 
 retic, antiperiodic, tonic, and a hydragogue ca- 
 thartic, and has been used in dropsy in infusion, 
 in the proportion of an ounce to a pint of water. 
 
 EUPATHI'A, Euphor'ia, from ev, 'well,' and 
 -a-Soj, ' suffering.' A disposition for being affected 
 by pain easily. Also, a good state of health. 
 
 EtPATOIRE UAVICEXXE, Eupatorium 
 eannabinum — e. Percefeuille, Eupatorium perfo- 
 liatum. 
 
 EUPATORIUM, Eupatorium perforatum. 
 
 Eupato'rium Ageratoi'des, White Snakeroot / 
 indigenous ; flowering in August and September; 
 has the same properties as Eupatorium perfo- 
 liatum. 
 
 EcPATo'Rirsr CAXNAs'iNrw, called after Mi- 
 thridates Eupator, Eupato'riurn, E. Arab'icum 
 seu Japon'icum seu trifolia'tum, Cannab'ina 
 aquat'icn. Hemp agrimony, Eupatorium of Avi- 
 cenna. Herb of Saint Cuncgonde, Trifo'liuni cer- 
 vi'nurn, Orig'anum aquat'icum, (F.) Eupatoire 
 d'Avicenne. Fomily, Synantherea^ ; Sex. Syst. 
 Syngenesia sequalis. The juice of this plant 
 proves violentl3'^ emetic and purgative, if taken 
 in sufficient quantity. It has been considered 
 diuretic, cathartic and emetic. 
 
 EuPAT0Riu>r Co^■^'AT^^r, E. perfoliatum — e. 
 Guaco, Guaco — e. Japonicum, E. Cannabinam — 
 e. Mesues, Achillea ageratum. 
 
 Eupatorium Perfolia'tum, E. Conna'tum, 
 Eupatorium — (Ph. U. S.) (F.) Eupatoire perce- 
 feuille ; Boneset, Thor'oughtcorf, Thor'oughatem, 
 Thor'ougwax, Vegetable antimony, Crossicort, 
 Agueiceedf Feverwort, Indian sage, Joe-pye, Teazel, 
 Sweating plant, is a plant which grows in low, 
 wet meadows throughout the L'nited States. It 
 is considered to be stimulating, tonic, emetic, pur- 
 
EUPEPSIA 
 
 ■345 
 
 EUSTACHIAN 
 
 gatire, diuretic, and sudorific. Dose, gr. xv. of 
 the powder, as a gentle purgative. 
 
 EuPATORiuJi, Purple-stalked, E. purpureum. 
 EuPATORiuM Purpu'reuji, 3Iohaich tassel, 
 Purple-stalked Eapato'rium, Trumpet weed, is 
 used in similar cases, as well as 
 
 EuPATOEiUM Sessilifo'lium, Upland Boneset, 
 and 
 
 EtjPATORirir TErcErFO'LiuM, ^7^ld horeliound, 
 Germnnder-leared horehoiiiid. 
 EuPATORinr Trifoliatuji, E. Cannabinum. 
 EUPEP'SIA, from £u, 'well,' and nc-rw, '1 di- 
 gest.' A good digestion. The antithesis to dys- 
 pepsia. 
 
 EUPEP'TIC, Eupep't'M, Eupep'ticus. Same 
 etymon. Relating to a good digestion. One en- 
 dowed with a good digestion. 
 
 EUPHLO'G-IA, from cu, 'well,' and ^Atyw, 'I 
 burn.' Mild inflammation. Variola. 
 
 EU'PHOISrY, Eupho'nia, from su, 'well,' and 
 favri, 'voice.' An agreeable or regular voice. 
 
 EUPHORBE CYPRES, E. cyparissias — e. 
 des Marais, E. palustris — e. Vomitive, E. ijjecac- 
 uanha. 
 
 EUPHOR'BIA CAPITA'TA, Caa cica. Ord. 
 Euphorbiacese. A Brazilian plant, which is 
 strongly astringent and not poisonous. It is 
 considered to be one of the best remedies for the 
 bites of serpents. It is, also, called Colubri'na 
 Lusitan'ica. 
 
 Euphorbia Coeolla'ta, Large Jloicering 
 spurge, Milhweed, Snakes' milk, Ipeeacuan'ha, 
 Hippo, Picac, Ip'ecac, Jililk pmrslain. Purge root, 
 Emet'ic root, Bowman's root, Apple root, Indian 
 Phi/sic, has similar properties to the last. The 
 dose of the root is the same. 
 
 Euphorbia Ci'paeis'sias, Es'vla minor seu 
 Cyparissias, Euplior'bia Cypressi'na, Tithym'- 
 alus Cyparis' sia. The Cypress sjnirge, (F.) Eii^ 
 pjhorhe cypres. This, like most of the spurges, 
 is very acrimonious. Amongst the rustics, it 
 was formerly called ^ooc man's rhubarb, and was, 
 consequently, a laxative. It is not used. 
 Euphorbia Cypressina, E. Cyparissais. 
 Euphorbia Hypericifo'lia. A native of the 
 United States. It is astringent and tonic. Used 
 in infusion — f^ss to Oj of boiling water. Dose, 
 a tablespoonful. 
 
 Euphorbia Ipecacuan'ha, Anisopliyllum Ipe- 
 cacuanha, Ipecacuanha spiurge, (F.) Evphorbe 
 vomitive. This species of spurge is common in 
 the southern and middle parts of the United 
 States. The root is a powerful emetic, in the 
 dose of from five to fifteen grains : twenty grains 
 act as a cathartic liliewise. In large doses, it acts 
 as a narcotico-aerid. 
 
 Euphorbia Lath'yris. The systematic name 
 of the plant which afi'ords the lesser catapn'tia 
 seeds, Catajju'tia 7ninor, Caper sp>urge, Lath'yris, 
 Gar' den spturge. Caper jilant, Hole-plant, Ti- 
 ihym'alus latifo'lius seu la'thyris, Galarhce'us 
 Lath'yris. The seeds possess cathartic properties, 
 and an expressed oil of the seeds — O'leum Eu- 
 phor'bicB Lathyr'idis — has been given as a ca- 
 thartic in the dose of six to twelve drops. 
 
 Euphorbia Officina'ruji. The systematic 
 name of the plant which affords the Euphorbium, 
 Euphorbia gummi-resi'na, Gnm.mi euph.orbicB, in 
 greatest abundance. The euphorbium is an in- 
 odorous gum-resin, in yellow tears, which have 
 the appearance of being worm-eaten. It enters 
 into the composition of some plasters, and has 
 been used as an errhine. 
 
 Euphorbia Palus'tris, E. panicida'ta, 
 Greater sj^urge, Es'ula major, Tithym'alus palus'- 
 tn's, Galarhce' us palus'tris, Ifarsh sp)urge, (F.) 
 Euphorbe des marais. The juice is given, in 
 
 Russia, as a common purge. It is used, too, as 
 an irritant in tinea, warts, <fec. 
 
 Euphorbia Palustris and E. Villosa, or E,. 
 PiLo'sA have been brought forward as preven- 
 tives of hydrophobia — the bitten part being 
 washed with a decoction, and, at the same time, 
 the decoction being taken internally. 
 Euphorbia Paxiculata, E. palustris. 
 Euphorbia Paral'ias, Tithym'alus paralias, 
 Sea spurge. This is violently cathartic and irri- 
 tating, and is seldom used. 
 
 Euphorbia Pilosa, see Euphorbia palustris — 
 e. Villosa, see Euphorbia palustris. 
 
 ^S3° All the spurges are vesicant and rubefa- 
 cient, when applied externally. 
 
 EUPHORBIUM, Euphorbia officinai-um. 
 EUPHORIA, Eupathia. 
 EUPHRAGIA, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 EUPHRA'SIA, E. Offieina'lis seu Min'ima seu 
 Imhrica'ta, Oculn'ria, Euphra'gia, Ophthal'mica, 
 Eyebright, (F.) Evfraise, Casee-Lunette. It has 
 been recommended in diseases of the eye, but is 
 un worth J' of notice. 
 
 EUPLAS'TIC, Euplas'ticv-s : from cv, 'well,' 
 and irAao-cru, 'I form.' Having the capacity of 
 becoming organizable in a high degree, — as in 
 false membranes resulting from acute inflamma- 
 tion in a healthy person. 
 
 EUPLEURUM SERRULATUM, Diosma ere- 
 nata. 
 
 EUPXCE'A, from cv, 'well,' and irvtii), '1 re- 
 spire.' Freedom or facility of respiration. 
 
 EURHYTH'MIA, from ev, 'well,' and p5/joj, 
 ' rhythm.' Regularity of the pulse. . 
 EURIBALI, JuribaU. 
 EURODES, Carious. 
 
 EURODON'TICUS, from cvpog, 'caries,' and 
 oSovg, ' a tooth.' Suffering from carious teeth. 
 
 EURUS, cvpvs, 'mould, putrefaction,' Mucor, 
 Caries. Corruption of the humours. 
 EURYCHORIA, Sinus. 
 EURYCLES, Engastrimyth. 
 EURYCLITUS, Engastrimyth. 
 EURYSMUS, Dilatation. 
 
 EURYTH'MIA, Euryth'mns, from iv, 'well,' 
 and pvOfj-o;, ' rhythm.' Regularity of pulse, both 
 as regards quantity and quality. 
 
 EUSAR'CUS, from ev, well,' and aap^, 'flesh.' 
 One who is fleshy, robust, muscular. 
 
 EUSEMI'A, from eu, 'well,' and cripieiov, 'a 
 sign.' A collection of good signs. 
 
 EUSPLANCH'NIA, from iv, 'well,' and 
 u-y^ayx^ov, 'a viscus.' A healthy state of the 
 viscera. 
 
 EUSTA'CHIAN TUBE, Ttiba Eustachia'na, 
 Syrin'ga, Syrinx, 3Iea'tus emeus. Tuba AristoteV - 
 ica, Ductus auris palati'nus. Iter a Pala'to ad 
 Aurem, (F.) Trompe ou Conduit d'Eustache, Con- 
 duit guttural de I'oreille — Ch. This tube was so 
 called from its discoverer, Eustaehius. It is 
 partly bony and partly cartilaginous : extending 
 from the cavity of the tympanum to the upper 
 pai't of the pharynx. Its length is about two 
 inches ; the bony portion which belongs to the 
 temporal bone, is about three-fourths of an inch 
 long. It is lined, internallj^, by a prolongation 
 of the lining membrane of the pharynx. Its 
 nerves are furnished by the palatin branches of 
 the ganglion of Meckel, and its vessels proceed 
 from those of the pharynx and velum pendulum. 
 The use of the tube seems to be, to permit the 
 renewal of air in the cavity of the tympanum. 
 
 Eusta'chian Valve, Valve of Eusta'chiua, 
 Valvule d'Eustachi ou d'Eustache. A membra- 
 nous, semilunar fold, which corresponds to thd 
 opening of the vena cava inferior into the right 
 auricle of the heart 
 
EUSTHENIA 
 
 346 
 
 EXAMBLOSIS 
 
 EUSTnENI'A, Vigoi; Exuheran'tia, from tu, 
 'well,' and aBi,voi, 'strength.' Flourishing, exu- 
 berant health. — Hippocrates. 
 
 EUSTOM'ACHUS, from ev, 'well/ and aro- 
 pa;;^;os, 'stomach.' Digesting rapidly. Having a 
 good stomach. 
 
 EUTAX'IA, from tv, 'well,' and racaw, 'I ar- 
 range.' Euthe'sia. A well-ordered constitution, 
 in which every part has its proper relation. The 
 ready return of a rupture, or of a luxated bone. 
 
 EUTHAXA'SIA, from cv, 'well,' and Qavaroi, 
 'death.' An easy death. 
 
 EUTHESIA, Eutaxia. 
 
 EUTHYENTERON, Rectum. 
 
 EDTHYENTEROSTENOMA, Stricture of the 
 Rectum. 
 
 EUTHYM'IA, An'rmi tranquil' litas, from tv, 
 'well,' and Su/^of, 'mind.' Tranquillity of mind. 
 A good state of the mental faculties. 
 
 EUTHYPNOE, Orthopnoea. 
 
 EUTHYPNCEA, Orthopnoea. 
 
 EUTOC'IA, fromtu, 'well,' andro/cof, 'delivery.' 
 An easy labour. Eecundity. 
 
 EUTROPHTA, from tv, 'well,' and TQo<l>r^, 
 * nourishment.' A good state of nutrition. 
 
 EUTROPH'IC, Eutroph'icus, same etymon. A 
 term introduced into medical terminology, by the 
 author, for an agent whose action is exerted on 
 the system of nutrition, without necessarily oc- 
 casioning manifest increase of any of the secre- 
 tions. 
 
 The cliief eutrophics are, — mercurials, the pre- 
 parations of iodine, bromine, cod liver oil, the 
 jyrepnrations of gold and silver, sulphur, suyar, 
 and sarsaparilla. 
 
 EUZOODYNAMIA, Sanitas. 
 
 EVAC'UANTS, Ecacunn'tia, from e, and va- 
 cuare, 'to empty.' (F.) Evacuafffs. Medicines 
 are so called which occasion a discharge by some 
 emunetory ; such as purgatives, emetics, &c. 
 
 EVACUATIFS, Evacuants. 
 
 EVACUATIO, Evacuation, Excretion. 
 
 EVACUA'TION. Same etymon. The dis- 
 charge of any matter whatever by the natural 
 passages or by an artificial opening. 
 
 EVAN0UISSE3IENT, Syncope. 
 
 EVAN ROOT, Geum Virginianum. 
 
 EVAPORA'TION, Evapora'tio, Vajyora'tio, 
 Exhala'tio, from e, and vap)orare, ' to emit a va- 
 pour.' Transformation of a liquid into vapour, 
 in order to obtain the fixed matters contained in 
 It dry and separate from the liquid. When the 
 ■'■apour is received in a proper vessel and con- 
 densed, the process is called distillation. Evapo- 
 ration produces cold, and this is one of the pro- 
 cesses by which the body is cooled, through the 
 evcf■^ration of the perspiratory fluid. 
 
 EVAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Evaus 
 is situate in Auvergne, in France. The waters 
 are hydrosulphurous and thermal. 
 
 EVENTRA'TION, Eventra'tio, ff,/poga8tro- 
 yix'is, from e, ' out of,' and venter, ' the belly.' A 
 tumour, formed by a general relaxation of the 
 parietes of the abdomen, and containing a great 
 part of the abdominal viscera. Also, ventral 
 herr.ia, or that which occurs in any other way 
 than through the natural openings of the abdo- 
 minal parietes. Lastly, any very extensive wound 
 of the abdominal pirietes, with issue of the greater 
 part of the intestines. 
 
 EVEN'TUS, from e, 'out of,' and venire, 'to 
 come.' Apobai'non, Apobesom'enon, Eeheaom'- 
 enott, Termina'tio morhi. The event or issue of a 
 disease, cither favourable or unfavourable. 
 
 EVERLASTING, DICECIOUS, Antennaria 
 dioica. 
 
 EVERRIC'ULUM, Specil'lnm. A sort of 
 sound or scoop, used for extracting sand or frag- 
 ments of stone or clots of blood from the bladder, 
 after or during the operation of lithotomy. 
 
 EVERSIO PALPEBR^, Ectropion. 
 
 EVIGILATION, see Sleep. 
 
 EVIL, THE, Scrofula— e. King's, Scrofula. 
 
 EVIRATIO, Castration. 
 
 EVIRATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EVISCERATION, Exenterismus. 
 
 EVOLUTIO, Development — e. Spontanea, 
 Evolution, spontaneous. 
 
 EVOLU'TION, SPONTA'NEOITS, Fcr'sroseu 
 Evolu'tio sponia'nea, from e, and volvere, 'to roll.' 
 Sponta'neoua ver'sion, Sjjonta'neous ejpid'sion, 
 EujMcatiori of the fcetus. A term, applied, by 
 Dr. Denman, to what he considered to be a spon- 
 taneous turning of the foetus in utero, in an arm 
 presentation, in consequence of powerful uterine 
 contractions forcing out the breech and feet, whilst 
 the arm recedes. It is now usually considered 
 to be a doubling of the foetus, so that the arm 
 changes its position but little, whilst the breech 
 is forcibly expelled before the upper extremity ; 
 — the case becoming similar to a breech presen- 
 tation. 
 
 EvoLTJTioN, Vesicle of, Vesicle of develop- 
 ment. 
 
 EVOMITIO, Vomiting. 
 
 EVONYMUS, Euonymus. 
 
 EVUL'SION, Avulsion, Evul'sio, from evellere, 
 (e. and vellere,) ' to pluck out.' Apotil'mos, Ec- 
 til'mos, Tibnos. The action of plucking out; 
 forcible extraction. ( F. ) Arrnchetnent. This 
 word is oftener used by the French tian by the 
 English surgeons, for the act of extracting certain 
 parts, the presence of which is injurious, — as the 
 teeth, &c. 
 
 EX MARIBUS, Castratus. 
 
 EXACERBATIO, Exacerbation, Paroxysm. 
 
 EXACERBA'TION, Exacerba'tio, Exaspera'- 
 tio, Excrescen'tia, from exacerbare, {ex, and acer- 
 hus,) ' to provoke.' CF.) Eedonblement. An in- 
 crease in the symptoms of a disorder. Often used 
 synonvmously with paroxysm. 
 
 EXACUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba. 
 
 EX^MATOSIS, Hffimatosis. 
 
 EXJilMIA, Ansemia. 
 
 EXiEMOS, Exanguious. 
 
 EX^'RESIS, from ei, 'out of,' and aipto), 'I 
 take away.' A surgical operation, which consists 
 in drawing, extracting, or removing, from the 
 human body, every thing that is useless, noxious, 
 or extraneous. It is a generic term, which in- 
 cludes extraction, evulsion, evacuation, excision, 
 ablation, amputation, &c. 
 
 ExjEEESIs, Extraction. 
 
 EXAGION. The sixth part of an ounce :— 
 four scruples. — Actuarius. 
 
 FXAG'GERATED, Exaggero'tus, {V.)Exagerf. 
 Heightened. Increased by expression. An epi- 
 thet for sounds heard on auscultation and per- 
 cussion ; when much increased — Hypereclie'ais, 
 Hypereche' ma. 
 
 EXAL'MA, from cf, out of,' and aWoiiai, 'I 
 leap.' Exahis. Hippocrates calls thus the dis- 
 placement of the vertebrw. 
 
 EXALSIS, Exalmn, Leap. 
 
 EXALTA'TION OF TEE VITAL FORCES, 
 Exalta'tio vi'rium. This expression has been 
 used, by modern pathologists, to, designate a 
 morbid increase in the action of organs, and 
 partly that which occurs in an inflamed organ. 
 Some use exaltation of the vital forces, and ITU 
 fl animation, svnonymously. 
 
 EXAMBLOMA, Abortion. 
 
 EXAMBLOSIS, Abortion. 
 
EXAMEN 
 
 347 
 
 EXCITATIOIsr 
 
 EX'AMEX RIGORO'SUM. 'Rigorous exa- 
 mination.' An examination of a Candidate for 
 the degree of Doctor of Medicine in tlie Prussian 
 Universities, which, like the Tentamen mech'cum, 
 is conducted in Latin, and takes place before the 
 medical faculty on all branches of medicine. 
 
 EXANASTOMOSIS, Anastomosis. 
 
 EXAXASTROPHE, Convalescence. 
 
 EXANGI'A, from £|ayyi^a), (tf, and ayyog, ' a 
 vessel,') *I evacuate from a vessel.' Exangei'a. 
 An enlargement or rupture of a blood-vessel, 
 without external opening. A genus in the order 
 Dysthetica, class Ummutica of Good. It com- 
 prises aneurism and varix. 
 
 ExANGiA AxEUHiSMA, Ancurism. 
 
 EXAN'GUIOUS, ExcB'mos, Exfian'gnis, from 
 e.r, out of,' and sanguis, 'blood.' One who seems 
 bloodless ; as a female, who has suifered largely 
 from uterine hemorrhage. 
 
 EXANIA, Proctocele. 
 
 EXANIP^A'TIOX, Exanima'tio, from ex, 'out 
 of,' and anima, 'the spirit.' This word has two 
 acceptations. Sometimes, it means real death, 
 corresponding with the Greek Savarog, mors. At 
 others, it signiiies apparent death, corresponding 
 ■with the Greek a-^v)(^i.a, £m^u;:^ia, tK^vcrts, Ani'mi 
 deli' qui inn. 
 
 EXAN'THEM, Exantke'ma, Anthe'ma ernp'tio, 
 Epantlie'ma, Efflorescen'tia, Exanthis'ma, Ecthy'- 
 tnn, Eioanaste'mn, Epantlie'ma, Epanthis'ma, Ef- 
 flora'tio, from / |av-9-£ct), (e^, and avQziii,) 'I flourish.' 
 A rash. (F.) Elevure. Under this term, is com- 
 prehended, by some, every kind of eruption, of 
 which the skin is the seat. Others comprehend 
 by it those eruptions that are accompanied by 
 fever, Fehres exanthemat' ices : including, nnder 
 the head of the major exanthemata, those which 
 attack a person but once in his life, and which 
 are communicated by specific contagion ; and, 
 under the minor exanthemata, those which are 
 not marked by these characteristics. Small-pox, 
 measles, cow-pox, &c., belong to the major: — 
 chicken-pox, herpes, lichen, &c., to the minor. 
 The general acceptation of Exanthem is, how- 
 ever, a more or less vivid, circumscribed, or dif- 
 fuse redness of the skin, which diminishes or 
 disappears transiently under the pressure of the 
 finger. 
 
 ExANTHEir, Carbuncttlar. Anthracia — e. Icho- 
 rous, Emphlysis — e. Pustulous, Empyesis — e. 
 Rash, Enanthesis. 
 
 EXANTHEMA, Eminence— e. Internum, Eis- 
 anthema. 
 
 Exanthe'ma loD'icxrjt. An eruption of dark- 
 red definite spots, of various sizes, spreading over 
 the whole body, without the formation of scales, 
 and disappearing only after a long time, which 
 seems to be produced occasionally by the use of 
 iodine. 
 
 Exanthema Miliaria, Miliary fever — e. Pes- 
 tis, Plague, — e. Antivariolosum, Vaccina — e. Se- 
 rosum. Pemphigus — e. Strophulus, Strophulus — 
 e. Urticatum, Urticaria — e. Vaccina, Vaccina — e. 
 Varicella, Varicella. 
 
 EXANTHEMAT'ICA. Same etymon. Ervp'- 
 tive fevers. Cutaneous eruptions, essentially ac- 
 companied with fever ; — the third order in the 
 class Hmmatica of Good. 
 
 EXANTHEMATIS'CHESIS, Exanthemafos'. 
 chesis, from c^avBrjjxa, 'exanthem,' and ia')(_ziv, 'to 
 withhold.' Suppression of a cutaneous eruption. 
 
 EXA]SrTEEMATOL'OGT,£'j;o?!f;/.emaioZoy(rt, 
 from t^avOrijia, 'exanthem,' and \oYog, 'a dis- 
 course.' The doctrine of cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 EXAXTHBMAT0PHTHAL'MIA,0;j7(rtaZm'- 
 ia exanthemat'ica, from c^avQrjfxa, ' exanthem,' 
 and ofOaXiiia, 'inflammation of the eye.' Oph- 
 
 thalmia in the course of, or succeeding to, a' cu- 
 taneous eruption. 
 
 EXANTHEME INTESTIJSIALE, see Ty- 
 phus. 
 
 EXANTHESIS, see Efflorescence— e. Arthro- 
 sia. Dengue, — e. Roseola, Roseola — e. Rubeola, 
 Rubeola. 
 
 EXANTHISMA, Exanthem. 
 
 EXANTHROPIA, Misanthropia. 
 
 EXAPSIS, Inflammation. 
 
 EXARAG'MA, from e^apac-cui, 'I tear away,' 
 ' I break.' Collision, violent fracture or friction. 
 
 EXARCHIA'TER. Chief of the archiatri or 
 chief of physicians, a title, like that of Comes Ar- 
 ehiatro'rum, given to the chief physician of an 
 emperor or king. Archiater appears to have 
 meant, at times, the same thing. 
 
 EXARMA, Swelling. 
 
 EXAR'SIO. A burning heat. 
 
 EXARTEMA, Amuletum. 
 
 EXARTERI'TIS, Exarterii'tis, from £|, 'out 
 of,' and arteria, 'an artery.' Inflammation of 
 the outer coat of an artery. 
 
 EXARTHREMA, Luxation, Sprain. 
 
 EXARTHROMA, Luxation. 
 
 EXARTHROSIS, Luxatio, Sprain— e. Pareti- 
 ca, see Pareticus. 
 
 EXARTICULATIO, Amputation, joint, 
 Luxatio. 
 
 EXARYSIS, Exhaustion. 
 
 EXASPIRATIO, Exacerbation. 
 
 EXCiECARIA AGALLOCHA, Agallochum. 
 
 EXCALEFACTIO, Echavffement. 
 
 EXCARNA'TIOX, Excama'tio, from ex, and 
 caro, 'flesh.' A mode of making anatomical pre- 
 parations, which consists in separating injected 
 vessels from the jiarts in which they are situate. 
 This is done by means of corrosion by an acid or 
 by putrefaction. 
 
 EXGASTRATIO, Castration, Eunuch. 
 
 EXCATHISMA, Bath, half, Semicupium. 
 
 EXCEREBRATIO, Eccephalosis. 
 
 EXCEREBRATUS, Delirioiis. 
 
 EXCERNEXT, Secreting. 
 
 EXCIDEXTIA, Ecptoma. 
 
 EXCIP'IENT, Exeip'iens, from excipere, (ex, 
 and cajjere,) 'to receive.' (F.) Intcrmede. A 
 substance, which, in a medicinal prescription, 
 gives form and consistence to it, and serves as a 
 vehicle or medium for the exhibition of the other 
 insrredients. 
 
 EXCIPULA, Cup. 
 
 EXCISIO, Entaille. 
 
 EXCIS'ION, Excia'io, from exoidere, {ex, and 
 cmdere,) 'to cut off.' Ec'towe. A surgical opera- 
 tion, by which parts of a small size are removed 
 with a cutting instrument. 
 
 EXCITABIL'ITY, ExcitahU'ifas. Irritability. 
 The faculty, possessed by living beings, of being 
 sensible to the action of excitants. The doctrine 
 of excitability forms an important part of tho 
 Brunonian system. 
 
 EXCITANT, Stimulant. 
 
 EXCITA'TIOX, Excita'tio, Excite'ment; saiye 
 etymon: from crcaVare, (ea;, and c?V«re,) 'to ex- 
 cite.' The act of exciting ; the state of an organ 
 or organs excited. Excitement is, sometimes, 
 used synonymously with augmented arterial 
 action. The effect of the exciting powers acting 
 on the excitability, according to Brown, consti- 
 tutes excitenie-nt. Cullen used the term to express 
 the restoration of the energy and action of the 
 brain, which had been interrupted bv sleep or 
 some debilitating cause, — a state opposite to that 
 of collapse. Not unfrequently it is employed in 
 the sense of excessive action, — SiqieT-t^xeita'Ho 
 (F.) Sur-exoitation, 
 
EXCITED DISEASES 
 
 348 
 
 EXrOT.IATIVE 
 
 EXCITED DISEASES, Feigned diseases. 
 
 EXCITO-MOTION, see Excito-motory. 
 
 EXCI'TO-MO'TORy. An epithet applied by 
 Dr. Marshall Hall to a division of the nervous 
 system — comprising the gray matter of the spinal 
 marrow, with the afferent and efferent nerves con- 
 nected with it; — all of which are concerned in 
 reflex actions ; or those by which impressions are 
 transmitted to a centre, and reflected so as to 
 produce muscular contraction without sensation 
 or volition. See Nerves. 
 
 The term excito-motion has also been employed 
 to signify motion no matter how excited, by the 
 reflex nerves or by volition — C. J. B. Williams. 
 
 EXCORIATIO, Ecdora. 
 
 EXCORIA'TION, Excoria'tio, ExcoHatn'ra, 
 Am'yche, from ex, and corium, 'skin.' (F.) Ecor- 
 chure. A slight wound, which removes only the 
 skin. 
 
 EXCORIATURA, Excoriation, 
 
 EXCREA'TION, Excrea'tio, Exscrea'tio, 
 Screa'tus, Ilasca'tio, from ex, and screnre, 'to 
 spit.' Act of spitting. (F.) Orachement. See 
 Exspuitio. 
 
 EX'CREMENT, Excremen'tum, Betrimen'tum, 
 Excre'tam, Excre'tio, Perito'ma, Diachore'ma, 
 Aph'odos, Aphodeu' ma, Apocho' reon, Apoc'i'isis, 
 Ardas, Ar'dalos, from excernere, (ea;, and eernere,) 
 *to separate,' 'cleanse.' Every thing, which is eva- 
 cuated from the body of an animal by the natural 
 emunctories, as superfluous ; such as the fa3cal 
 matters, the urine, perspiration, nasal mucus, Ac. 
 Generally, however, the term is restricted to the 
 feecal evacuations ; — Purgamenta, Hedra, Sedes, 
 Faces, Stercus, Cacce, Spiat'ile, (especially when 
 liquid,) JJejec'tio alvi'na, O'nera alvi, Sordes ven- 
 tris, Hypochore'ma, Cce'lia, Hypoehore' sis, Merda, 
 Merdus, Catarrhex'is, Copras, Scor. 
 
 Excrement, Human, Stercus humanum. 
 
 EXCREMEXTIT"IAL, Excremantifious, Ex- 
 crementifius, (F.) Excrementeux, Excrement-itiel. 
 That which is similar to excrement, and forms 
 part of it. Excrementitial humours or parts are 
 those destined to be evacuated as incapable of 
 administerina: to the nutrition of the body. 
 
 EXCREM'EN'TO-RECREMENTIT"IAL,£'x- 
 eremento - recrementit"ious. Animal fluids, in- 
 tended to be partly absorbed and partly rejected. 
 
 EXCRES'CENCE, Excrescen'tia, 'Eepliy'ma, 
 Phymato'sis, Hypersarco' sis, Sareop/hy'ia, Caro 
 excres'cens, from excresoere, (ex, and crescere,) 
 'to grow outwards.' (F.) Excroissance. A tu- 
 mour, which forms at the surface of organs, and 
 especially on the skin, mucous membranes, or 
 ulcerated surfaces. Excrescences difl'er in size, 
 shape, cause, &c., and each requires its own 
 treatment. Warts, condylomata, polypi, hemor- 
 rhoids, belong to this head. 
 
 EXCRESCENTIA, Exacerbation, Protube- 
 rance, Tumour — e. Carnosa, Sarcoma — e. Fun- 
 gosa, Fungosity — e. Gingiva, Epulis — e. Vesicas 
 urinarise carnosa, Cysthj'persarcosis, 
 
 EXCRETA, see Excretion. 
 
 EXCRETIO, Excretion, Excrement— e. Alvi- 
 na. Defecation — e. Fsecum alvinarum, Defecation 
 — e. Urinte involuntaria, Enuresis. 
 
 EXCRE'TION, Excre'tio, Ec'erisis, Evacna'- 
 Hc, Ejec'tio, Exp>ul'sio, Eges'tio, Uiachore'sis, 
 from excernere, [ex, and eernere,) 'to separate.' 
 The separation or throwing off' of those matters, 
 Eji'.re'ta, Etjes'ta, Ton'ta, Apion'ta, from the body 
 of an animal, which are supposed to be useless, 
 as the urine, perspiration, and fajces, 
 
 EX'CRETORY, Excreto'rius ; same etymon. 
 An Excretory vessel or duct Ts one which trans- 
 mits the fluid secreted by a gland, either exter- 
 nally or into the reservoirs into which it has to 
 be deposited. The existence of an excretory 
 
 duct was regarded as a distinctive character of 
 the glands properly so called. 
 
 Excretory Organ means any one charged 
 with the office of excreting : thus, the skin is 
 said to be an excretory organ, because through 
 it the perspiration takes place, 
 
 EXCRETUM, Excrement. 
 
 EXCROISSANCE, Excrescence. 
 
 EXCU'TIA VENTRIC'ULI, Stomach Brush-, 
 An instrument, composed of iron or brass wire, 
 at one of the extremities of which is a pencil of 
 bristles. Some ancient authors proposed this to 
 extract foreign bodies from the oesophagus, as 
 well as to cleanse the stomach of viscid and tena- 
 cious matters adhering to it. 
 
 EXECHEBRONCHUS, Bronchocele. . 
 
 EXECHEGLUTI, Exischioi. 
 
 EXEDENS, see Herpes excdens, 
 
 EXELCOSIS, see Ulceration, 
 
 EXELCYS'MOS, from 4, 'from,' and cIkvio, 
 'I draw.' Extraction, Also the act of breaking 
 out into ulcers. 
 
 EXELCYSMUS, Extraction, 
 
 EXENTERATION, Exenterismus, 
 
 EXENTERIS'MUS, Exenter'isis, Exenfera'. 
 tio, Exentera'tion, Eviscera'tion, Uiihow'ellivg, 
 Visccra'tion, from e^, ' out of,' and evrepov, ' an 
 intestine.' The operation of disembowelling or 
 eviscerating, 
 
 EXERA'MA, from i^ipao}, '1 throw out,' Any 
 thing cast out. Vomiting; or the matter vomited. 
 — Hippocrates, 
 
 EX'ERCISE, Exercita'tio, Exercit"ium, Asce'- 
 sis, Gymna'sion, from exercere, 'to work.' Every 
 motion of the body arising from the contraction 
 of muscles subjected to the will. Also, the action 
 of any organ whatever. Exercise may be active 
 or 2}ossii-e. The jiassive are referred to, under 
 the head of Gestation, The chief active exer- 
 cises are: — walking, running, dancing, hunting, 
 fencing, playing at ball, cricket, racket, quoits, 
 swimming, declamation, singing, &c. Exercise 
 is an important prophylactic, particularly for 
 those disposed to be plethoric. It improves the 
 digestion ; augments the secretions ; and, when 
 used in moderation, gives strength to the body; 
 but when carried to excess, produces debility and 
 disease. 
 
 EXERRHO'SIS, from t^ 'out of,' and ptu, 'I 
 flow.' The discharge which takes place by in- 
 sensible perspiration, 
 
 EXFCETATION, see Pregnancy, 
 
 EXFOLIA'TION, ExfoUa'tio, Desquama'iio, 
 Eclcp'isis, from ex, imd folium., 'a leaf.' By this 
 is meant the separation of the dead portions of a 
 bone, tendon, aponeurosis, or cartilage, under the 
 form of lamellae or small scales. Exfoliation is 
 accomplished by the instinctive action of the 
 parts, and its object is to detach the dead por- 
 tions from those subjacent, which are still alive. 
 For this purpose the latter throw out fleshy gra- 
 nulations, and a more or less abundant suppura- 
 tion occurs, which tends to separate the exfoli- 
 ated part, — now become an extraneous body. 
 The ancients distinguished exfoliation into sensi- 
 ble and insensihle, according as the dead portions 
 of bone were detached in fragments of greater or 
 less size, or in very thin pieces, and in an almost 
 insensible manner. "When the dead part em- 
 braces all or almost all the substance of a bone, 
 it takes the name Sequestrum, 
 
 EXFO'LIATIVE, Exfvliati'vus, Besquamaio'- 
 rius. That which takes away by leaves or scales. 
 The torm has been applied to certain medicines, 
 which were regarded as proper to hasten exfo- 
 liation, such as alcohol, oil of turpentine, tincture 
 of myrrh, &c. 
 
 Exfo'liative Trepan, Eclepisitrep)' anum. An 
 
EXHALAISON 
 
 849 
 
 EXOPHTHALMIA 
 
 ancient raspatory, o^r instrument for scraping ex- 
 foliating portions of bone. 
 
 EXHALAISON, Exhalation. 
 
 EXHA'LA^T, Exha'lent, Exlia'lans, from ex- 
 Italare, (ex, and halare, 'to breathe,') 'to exhale,' 
 'throw out.' 
 
 ExHALANT Vessels, Vasa exhalan'tia, are 
 very minute, and rise from the arterial capillary 
 system. They are situate in every tissue of the 
 body, and on the surface of the mucous and se- 
 rous membranes and skin ; on which each pours 
 its particular fluid. Bichat distinguished three 
 sets. 1. The external, terminating on the mucous 
 and external dermoid system, where they pour 
 the matter of perspiration. 2. The internal, com- 
 prising those of the areolar and medullary tis- 
 sues, and of synovial surfaces; and, 3. The nutri- 
 tive exhalants, which vary in each organ where 
 they are found, and preside over the phenomena 
 of composition and increase of every part of the 
 body. The exhalants are the antagonists of the 
 absorbents. They are imaginary vessels, inas- 
 much as they cannot be detected. 
 
 EXHALATIO, Evaporation. 
 
 EXHALA'TION, Exhala'tio ; same etymon. 
 Anathymi'asis, Apopneu'sis, (F.) Exhalaison. A 
 function, by virtue of which certain fluids, ob- 
 tained from the blood, are spread, in the form of 
 dew, in the areola of the different textures, or at 
 the surface of membranes ; either for the sake of 
 being thrown out of the body, or to serve certain 
 purposes. The sweat is a liquid, excrementitious 
 exhalation ; the serous fluid of the pleura, a 
 liquid, recrementitions exhalation. 
 
 Exhalation is, also, applied to that which ex- 
 hales from any body whatever, organic or inor- 
 ganic, dead or living. 
 
 Exhalation, Pulmonary, see Perspiration. 
 
 EXHAUS'TION, Exar'ijsis, Vires exhaust's, 
 from exhaurire, {ex, and haurire,) 'to draw out.' 
 (F.) Epuissement. Loss of strength, occasioned 
 by excessive evacuations, great fatigue or priva- 
 tion of food, or by disease. 
 
 EXHIL'ARAXT, Exhil'arans, from ex, and 
 hilaro, ' I make merry.' An agent that exhila- 
 rates or enlivens. 
 
 EXHUMA'TION, Exhuma'tio, Effos'sio, from 
 ex, and humus, 'the ground.' The disinterment 
 of a corpse. The circumstances which render 
 this necessary are: — 1. Judicial investigations 
 relative to the body of the person inhumed. 2. 
 The removal of a body from one cemetery to 
 another ; and, 3. The evacuation of cemeteries 
 or sepulchral vaults. The operation is attended 
 with much unpleasant smell and annoyance, and 
 requires the use of disinfecting agents, of which 
 the most jjowerful is chlorinated lime. See Dis- 
 infection. The putrid eflfluvia from animal sub- 
 stances are not, however, found to excite endemic 
 disease. 
 
 EXIDI A AURICULA JUDJil, Peziza auricula. 
 
 EXISCHIUM. Same etymon as the next. 
 Prominence of the hips. 
 
 EXIS'CHIUS, Exis'chus, from s^, 'out of,' 
 and KTX^ov, 'the ischium.' A luxation of the os 
 femoris. Those with large nates, and prominent 
 hips, were formerly called Exis'chioi and Exeche- 
 glu'ti. 
 
 EXITU'RA. According to some, any abscess 
 which discharges. Paracelsus calls thus every 
 kind of putrid excrement. 
 
 EX'ITUS, from exire, 'to go out.' The outer 
 termination or exit of a canal. The termination 
 of a disease. 
 
 EXOARTERITIS, see Arteritis. 
 
 EXOCARDIAC, see Endocardiac. 
 
 EXOCARDIAL, see Endocai-diac. 
 
 EXOCARDITIiS, Pericarditis, 
 
 EX'OCHAS, Ex'oche, from sfu, 'without,' and 
 £;\;fc), ' I have.' A soft tumour — as a hemorrhoid 
 — without the anus. An outward pile. 
 
 EXOCHE, Eminence, -Exoehas. 
 
 EXOCHORION, see Chorion. 
 
 EXOCOLITIS, see Colitis. 
 
 EXOCULA'TIO, from ex, 'out of,' and oculn.?, 
 ' an eye.' AVant of eyes. Want of vision. Blind- 
 ness. _ 
 
 EXOCTS'TB, "£'.roc?/s'<?"s, from e^. 'out of,' and 
 Kv<xTi;, 'the bladder.' A prolapsus of the bladder 
 into the urethra. Also called Frola2}'sxis vesi'ccB, 
 yEdop)to' sis ve»i' ca, (F.) Ilenversement de la vessie. 
 
 Exocys'te Noelia'na. Protrusion of the in- 
 ner membrane of the bladder. So called from 
 M. Noel, who first accurately described it. 
 
 Exocys'te Solingenia'na. Protrusion of the 
 neck of the bladder. Called after M." Solingen, 
 who first accurately described it. 
 
 EXCEDESIS, Swelling. 
 
 EXODIC, Efl^erent. 
 
 EXOG"ENOUS, from e^, 'out of,' and yevvau), 
 'I engender.' A term first applied to plants — 
 hence called Ex'ogens — in which the wood in- 
 creases by .an,nual additions to the outside. 
 
 In animal anatomy, processes which shoot out 
 from everv part are termed exogenous. 
 
 EXOGENS, see Exogenous. 
 
 EXOGOGE, Extraction. 
 
 EXOGONYAN'COX, from tfo,, 'outwards,' 
 yovv, 'the knee,' and ayKoiv, 'an elbow.' Bowing 
 of the knees outwards. 
 
 EXOIJSiE, Exoene, from ex, 'out of,' and ido- 
 n^us, 'fit,' or rather from exonerare, 'to exone- 
 rate.' In France, a certificate of excuse, exemp- 
 tion, or dispensation, given to those summoned 
 to appear before a court of justice, and who are 
 unable to do so. 
 
 EXOLCE, Extraction. 
 
 EXOLUTIOX, Syncope. 
 
 EXOMETRA, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 EXOMOIOSIS, Assimilation. 
 
 EXOMPHALOCELE, Exomphalus. 
 
 EXOM'PHALUS, Exumbilica'tio, Exom'pTia- 
 loce'le, Om'phaloce le, Hernia uinbilica'lis, Om- 
 phalex'oche, Omphalopropto'sis, Prolap'sus umhi- 
 li'ci, (F.) Hernie omhilieale, H. du nomlril, Um- 
 hilical hernia, from t^, 'out of,' and on<jia\os, 'the 
 navel.' Hernia occurring at the navel. This 
 affection happens more frequently in infants, and 
 takes place by the umbilical ring. In adults, it 
 occurs more commonly in females than in males; 
 and, when it does so, the sac passes in the vici- 
 nity of the umbilicus. The organs, found in this 
 kind of hernia, are particularly, — the epiploon, 
 the jejunum, the arch of the colon, and some- 
 times the stomach. The tumour is, in general, 
 round, and presents all the characters of hernia. 
 It is, commonly, readily reducible, and not sub- 
 ject to strangulation. It must be reduced, and 
 retained by an elastic bandage, made in the form 
 of a girdle, and furnished with a pad at its middle 
 part. When strangulated, the stricture may ba 
 divided upwards and towards the left side. 
 
 EXONCO'MA, Exonco'sis, from £|, and oyxos, 
 'a tumour.' A large, prominent tumour. Used^ 
 by Galen, for protuberance of the vertebr^ after 
 luxation. 
 
 EXONCOSIS, Exoncoma — e. Linguae, Glo3- 
 soncus. 
 
 EXOXEIROGMUS, Pollution, nocturnal. 
 
 EXONEIROSIS, Pollution, nocturnal. 
 
 EXONEURISM, Magnetism, animal. 
 
 EXOPHTHAL'MIA, Ptosis seu Prolaji'sns seu 
 Proeiden'tia Oc'tili seu Bulbi Oculi, Exorhitis'- 
 mus, Oplithalmoce'Ie, Ophthahnopto'sis, Oculi 
 totius j)rominen'tia, from tf. 'out of,' and o-p^a)^- 
 fios, 'eye.' (F.) Procklenee de Vail. A pr^^rn- 
 
EXOPHTHALMUS 
 
 350 
 
 EXPERIMENT 
 
 Bion of the eye from its orbit, occasioned by an 
 abscess or tumour in the areolar texture of the 
 orbit ; by exostosis of the parietes of the orbit, 
 &G. In exophthalmia, the eye is pressed for- 
 wards ; the eyelids are raised and separated, so 
 that they can no longer cover the eye and defend 
 it from the action of extraneous bodies: it be- 
 comes inflamed, and the sight is disturbed or de- 
 stroyed. The treatment of course depends upon 
 the cause. 
 
 ^ExoPHxnAL'MiA FuxGo'sA, Sarcosis bulbi — e. 
 Sarcomatica. Sarcosis bulbi. 
 
 EXOPHTHALMUS, same etymon. One whose 
 eyes are very prominent. The opposite to Coe- 
 lophthalmus. 
 
 EXORBITISMUS, Exophthalmia. 
 
 EXOPtMIA, Papula — e. Lichen, Lichen — e. 
 Prurig-o, Pruri:ro — e. Strophulus, Strophulus. 
 
 EXOP.TUS UXGUIUM, see NaiL 
 
 EXOSIS, Luxation. 
 
 EXO-SKELETOX, see Skeleton. 
 
 EXOSMA, from tf, 'out of,' and aOsui, 'to 
 move.' A luxated or dislocated limb or organ. 
 
 EXOSMOSE, Exonmo'sis, Transuda'tion, from 
 £^, ' out of,' and tiicjioi, ' impulse.' The opposite 
 to Endosmose. The act by which substances 
 transude from within to without an animal or 
 other membrane. 
 
 EXOSMOT'IC, Exosmot'icus : same etymon. 
 Belonging to Esosmose: — as an exosmotic cur- 
 rent. 
 
 EXOSSATIO, Exostosis. 
 
 EXOSTEMMA CAPvIB^A, Cinehonae cari- 
 hseiB cortex. 
 
 EXOSTOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 EXOSTOSE, Exostosis — e. des Dents, Exos- 
 tosis dentium — e. Sons-tingeale, see Subunguial. 
 
 EXOSTO'SIS, Sjiiperoito'sis, Emphy'ma, Ex- 
 osto'ais os'sea, Exosto' ma, Eposto'ma, Eposto'sis, 
 Osteo'ma, Osto'ma, Osteoph' yta, Exossa'tio, Ossi's 
 EmineH'tia, (P.) Exostose, Osteophyte; from c^, 
 'out of,' and otjrcov, 'a bone.' An osseous tu- 
 mour, which forms at the surface of bones, or in 
 their cavities. Various kinds have been enume- 
 rated. I' vary Exosto' sis; E. ebiirnee;- — that 
 which has the appearance and consistence of 
 ivory. Lnm'inar Exosto' sis ; E. Laminee ; — 
 that which is formed of laminee in superposition 
 or of distinct filaments. The Sponfjy Exosto'sis 
 is that whose structure is analogous to the spongy 
 tissue of bones. Exostoses are sometimes distin- 
 guished into the true, which seem to be a projec- 
 tion of the osseous substance, and which have the 
 Siime organization and hardness as that substance; 
 and the false or osteo-sarcoma. Exostosis may 
 depend on syphilis, scrofula, rickets, gout, &c. 
 In such cases, it is important to get rid of the 
 primary disease. 
 
 Those exostoses, which occur within the bones, 
 have, by some, been called Enostoses. 
 
 Exostosis, Spina ventosa. 
 
 Exostosis Denticji, (F.) Exostose des Bents. 
 Exostosis of the teeth. 
 
 Exostosis Steatomatodes, Osteosteatoma — e. 
 Subunguial. see Subunguial. 
 
 EXOTERIC, see Esoteric. 
 
 EXOT'IC, Exo'ticus, from tl'u), 'without.' That 
 which comes from abroad. Plants or drugs which 
 are procured from abroad are so called. It is 
 opposed ti indigenous. 
 
 EXOTICADE'XIA, from Exotic, and alcu,, 'I 
 dislike.' Aversion for exotic drugs. 
 
 EXOTICH^.MATOSIS, Transfusion. 
 
 EXOTICO:\LA.'XIA. The opposite to exotica- 
 denia. Fondness for exotic remedies. 
 
 EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS, from t^mriKos, 'fo- 
 fnign,' and ub^yva;, 'a growing together.' A 
 
 union or growing together of foreign bodies, as 
 of a foreign body with the human. 
 
 EXPAXSIO, Expansion — e. Muscnlosa, Pla- 
 tysma myoides. 
 
 EXPAN'SIOX, Exjian'sio, from expnndere, 
 {ex ami pandere, 'to open,') 'to spread out.' A 
 prolongation or spreading out, presented by cer- 
 tain organs. Thus, we say an aponeurotic expaii- 
 sion, kc. 
 
 EXPATRATIO, Ejaculation (of Ff erm.) 
 
 EXPECTANT, Expec'tans, from expcefare, 
 (ex and spectare, 'to look,') 'to wait.' That which, 
 waits : — as Expectant 3Iedicine, — La Jledecine 
 expeetante. See Expectation. 
 
 EXPECTA'TION, Expecta'tio; same etymon. 
 The word expiectation has been applied, in medi- 
 cine, to that method, which consists in observing 
 the progress of diseases, and removing deranging 
 influences, without prescribing active medicines, 
 unless such shall be imperiously required. It 
 consists, in fact, in leaving the disease almost 
 wholly to the efforts of nature, and has been 
 termed the o.rt of curiny diseases ly expjectation 
 or v:aitincf — Ars sana.n'di cum expectatio' ne. 
 
 EXPEC'TORANT, Expec'torative, Expjec'to- 
 rans, Anacathar'ticus, Ptys'magogue, from ex, 
 ' out of,' and pjectus, ' the breast.' A medicine 
 capable of facilitating or provoking exfjectoration. 
 There is probably no such thing as a direct ex- 
 pectorant. They all act through the system, or 
 by impressions made on parts at a distance, which, 
 through the medium of general, continuous, or 
 contiguous sympathy, excite the secretory vessels 
 of the air-passages into action. The following 
 are the chief reputed expectorants: — Ammonia- 
 cum ; Asafoetida; Galbanum : Ipecacuanha; My- 
 roxylon ; Myrrha; Inhalations of Iodine, Stra- 
 monium, Tar, Burning Yv''ool, Tobacco, kc; 
 Scilla ; Senega, and Tolutanum. 
 
 EXPECTORATIO, Expectoration — e. San- 
 guinis, Haemoptysis — e. Solida, Cynanche tra,- 
 chealis. 
 
 EXPECTORA'TIOX, Expectora'tio, EccTieV- 
 ysis, Bex lui'mida, Anapi'tysis, Prop'tysis, StetTio- 
 catha.r'sis, Anacathar'sis, Anahex'is, same ety- 
 mon. The act of expelling from the chest mat- 
 ters or secretions there collected or existing. It 
 is, likewise, used for the expectorated matter. 
 
 EXPECTORATION BE SANG, Hemop- 
 tysis. 
 
 ExPECTOKATiON, PRrNE-JUiCE, See Prxme- 
 juice. 
 
 EXPECTORATIVE, Expectorant. 
 
 EXPELLENS, Expulsive. 
 
 EXPE'RIEXCE, Experien'tia, Peira, EwpeV- 
 ra. from tf, and -tipa, 'a trial.' A knowledge of 
 things acquired by observation. In medicine, 
 this Icnowledge can be obtained both by the prac- 
 titioner's own experience, and by that obtained 
 from tradition and from books. To profit by ex- 
 rience requires a mind capable of apjjreeiating 
 the proper relations between cause and effect; 
 and hence it happens, that false experience, Ex- 
 perien'tia fallax, is extremely common ; and that 
 a man had better, in many instances, trust to 
 that which he has learned from others, than to his 
 own fallacious observation. 
 
 The union of accurate observation by the phy- 
 sician with that handed down by medical writers 
 constitutes perfect experience, so far as it is at- 
 tainable in any individual ease. 
 
 EXPEP FENCE, Experiment. 
 
 EXPERIMENT, Experimeji'titm ; same ety- 
 mon. (F.) Experience. A trial, made on the 
 bodies of men or animals, for the purpose of de- 
 tecting the effect of a remedj', or of becoming 
 better acquainted with their structure, functions, 
 or peculiarities. In a more general sense, it 
 
EXPERS 
 
 351 
 
 EXTENSOR 
 
 means any trial instituted with the intent of he- 
 eoming better acquainted with anj-- thing. By 
 experiments on living animals, Tve have obtained 
 much valuable information in the various depart- 
 ments of medicine ; hut particularly in physi- 
 ology and toxicology. 
 
 ExPERiMEST OF Mariotte, see Mariotte. 
 
 EXPERS NUPTIARUJVI, Virgin. 
 
 EXPERT, (F.) Exper'tits, fi-om ex, andperifiis, 
 'skilled.' Skilful or of good experience. A phy- 
 sician, charged vrith the duty of making a report 
 upon any case of legal medicine. 
 
 EXPIRA'TIOX, Expira'tio, Exsjnra'tin, Ee'- 
 pnoe, Ecpneumato'sis, Ecpneu'sis, Apiopneu'ais, 
 Apiop'noe, Apopnce'a, from exspirare, {ex, and 
 sjiirare,) 'to breathe out.' The act of expelling 
 from the chest, the air received in during respi- 
 ration. 
 
 EX'PIRATOEY, Expiratio'ni inf^er' viens. 
 Relating or appertaining to expiration. The 
 expiratory muscles are all those which contribute 
 to diminish the cavity of the chest, for the pur- 
 pose of expelling the air contained in the lungs, 
 or of producing expiration. These muscles are, 
 chiefly, the intercostals, triangularis sterni, qua- 
 dratus luniborum, serratus posticus inferior, the 
 oblique and recti muscles of the abdomen, the 
 sacro-lumbalis. <tc. 
 
 EXPLORATIO, Exploration — e. Abdominis, 
 Abdominoscopia. 
 
 EXPLORA'TIOX, Explora'tio, Eecogmfio, 
 from explorare, ' to search into.' The act of ob- 
 serving and attentively examining or investiga- 
 ting every thing connected with a case of disease. 
 The word is chiefly used ia this sense by the 
 French practitioners. 
 
 EXPLORA'TOR, CHEST. An instrument, 
 proposed by Dr. B. Babington for expiloring the 
 chest in cases of empyema. It consists of a 
 needle, contained in the smallest sized canula. 
 This is passed between the ribs into the chest. 
 The needle is then withdrawn, and the escape of 
 fluid indicates the nature of the case. 
 
 EXPLORATORIUM, Sound, Speeillum. 
 
 EXPRES'SIOX, Expres'sio, Ecpies'mos, Ec- 
 tMlp'sis, from ex, ' out of,' and premere, ' to press.' 
 The act of compressing a substance, for the pur- 
 pose of separating from it the fluids which it con- 
 tains. Also, the manner in which impressions 
 made upon us are depicted j especially in the 
 traits of the countenance. 
 
 Expression^ of Sweat, (F.) Sueur d'expres- 
 gion, is a term given to the passive perspiration 
 observable in very debilitated individuals. 
 
 EXPULSIO, Excretion — e.Fajcum, Defecation 
 — e. Fcetiis, Parturition. 
 
 EXPULSION, SPONTANEOUS, Evolution, 
 gpontaneous. 
 
 EXPUL'SWB, Expel'Iens, Expttlso'riits, from 
 expeUere, {ex, &^A. ptellere,) 'to drive away.' 
 
 An expuhive bandage, (F.) Bandafje expulsif, 
 is one constructed with the view of compressing 
 a part, from which we are desirous of expelling 
 pus, serum, &e. Certain medicines were formerly 
 called expulsives, which were believed to have 
 the power of driving the humours towards the 
 skin : — as diaphoretics, and sudorifics. 
 
 EXPULTRIX. see Vis Expultrix. 
 
 EXSANGUINITY,'An£emia. 
 
 EXSANGUIS, Exanguious. Exsctnr/uis is 
 used by Ausonius for one exhausted by venery; — 
 as sanguis meant sperm as well as blood. See 
 Sperm. 
 
 EXSARCOMA. Sarcoma. 
 
 EXSCREATIO, Excreation. 
 
 EXSECTIO VIRILIUM, Castration. 
 
 EXSECTUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EXSTCCATIO, Drying. 
 
 EXoICCATIVA, Desiccativa. 
 
 EXSOLUTIO, Eclysis. 
 
 EXSPIRATIO, Expiration. 
 
 EXSPUIT"ION, Exs^puit" io, Spuifio, Spti. 
 ta'tio, Anachrempj' sis, Apochrenip'sis, Chremp'siif, 
 Pti/sis, Anacine'ma, Anacine'sis, (F.) Spiitafion, 
 from ex, 'out of,' and spuo, 'I spit.' Rejection 
 of the matters accumulated ia the pharynx and 
 larynx; spitting. 
 
 EXSTASIS, Ecstasis. 
 
 EXSTIRPATIO, Extirpation. 
 
 EXSTROPH'IA, E'x'stropJnj, Ec'stroplie, from 
 tf, 'out of,' and crpoipn, 'turning.' Extrover'sio, 
 Extrover'sion. Eversion or turning out of apart 
 — as of the eyelids. A term used by M. Chaus- 
 sier for certain displacements of' organs, and 
 especially of the urinary bladder. 
 
 Exsteoph'ia or Ex'sTRornY of the Bladder, 
 (F.) lienversement de la Vessie, is a faulty eon- 
 formation, in which the organ opens above the 
 pubes ; so that in the hypogastric region there is 
 a red, mucous surface, formed by the inner coat 
 of the bladder; on which two prominences are 
 distinguishable, corresponding to the openings 
 of the ureters. 
 
 EXSUCCATIO, Ecehymoma. 
 
 EXSUC'TIO, Suc'tio, Ecmyze' sis, from ex, 'out 
 of,' and s-nceus, 'a juice.' The action of sucking. 
 
 EXSITDATIO, Ephidrosis. 
 
 EXSUFFLATIO. Ecphysesis. 
 
 EXTEMPORA'NEOUS, Exiempora'neus, Ex- 
 tempora'lis, from ex, and tempore, ' out of time.' 
 Those prescriptions are called 'extemporaneous,' 
 or .' magistral,' which are made on tlie spot, and 
 composed according to the prescription of the 
 physician. 
 
 EXTENSEUR GOMMVN BES DOIGTS, 
 Extensor digitorum communis — e. Commini des 
 orteiJs, Extensor communis digitorum pedis — e. 
 Court du Police, Extensor pollicis brevis — e. Long 
 du police. Extensor longus pollicis — e. Petit dea 
 orteils, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis ■ — e. 
 Propre du petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi 
 digiti — e. Propre de I' Index, Extensor preprius 
 indicis. 
 
 EXTENSIBIL'ITT, Extensihil'itas. A pro- 
 perty, possessed by certain bodies, of being capable 
 of extension or elongation. 
 
 EXTENSIO, Extension, Tetanus. 
 
 EXTEN'SION, Exten'sio, Tasis, Ec'tasis, Ca~ 
 tat'a-iis, Anat'asis, from extendere, {ex, and ten- 
 dere,) 'to stretch out.' An operation in surgery, 
 in which either with the hands alone, or by straps, 
 a fractured ox luxated limb is pulled strongly, 
 to restore it to its natural position. It is the op- 
 posite of Counter-extension. 
 
 EXTENSOR. Same etymon. (F.) Extenscnr. 
 A muscle, whose oiBce is to extend certain parts. 
 
 Extensor Brevis Digito'rum Pedis, Perf' (>?(.«, 
 Calcaneo-pfialanginien commiin, of Dujias; (F.) 
 Ifnscle pedieux. Muscle petit extenseur des orteils, 
 Calcaneo-sus-phalangeitien comiiiun — (Ch.) Carre 
 dupied; Short Extensor of the Toes. A muscle, 
 situate on the dorsal region of the foot. It arises 
 from the external surface of the caleaneum, and 
 at the anterior edge of a ligament, which unites 
 that bone to the astragalus. Anteriorly, each of 
 its divisions terminates by a small tendon, which 
 is fixe'd successively, at the superior part of the 
 posterior extremity of the first phalanx of the 
 gi'eat toe, and to the second and last phalanges 
 of the next three toes. Its use is to extend the 
 first four toes, and to direct tbem a little outwards. 
 
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, see Radj. 
 .alls — e. Carpi radialis longus, see E,a(lialis — e. 
 Carpi \ilnaris, see Cubital muscles. 
 
 Extensor Commu'nis Digitc'rum Pedis, E. 
 Longus Digitorum Pedis, E. Digitorinn lovpuD, 
 Peroneo-fihi-sns-pholangeftien commnv, C'lcmoduc- 
 tylcB' us, Peronto-sus-jykalangeitien coirvtun, (F.) 
 
EXTEKSOR 
 
 352 
 
 EXTBA 
 
 Exteneenr commun des Orteils. This musclej also, 
 is situate at the anterior part of the leg. It is 
 long, thin, flattened^ simple, and fleshy above, 
 and divided into four tendons below. It arises 
 from the outer tuberositj' of the tibia and the an- 
 terior surface of the fibula, and is inserted into 
 the superior part of the posterior extremity of 
 the second and third phalanges of the last four 
 toes. It extends the three phalanges of these 
 toes. 
 
 Extensor Digito'eum Cojriiu'Nis, Extensor 
 digitoruni communis manus ctim extenso're 'pro'- 
 prio aiiricida'ris, Digho'nan Tensor ; (F.) Epi- 
 condylo-sus-phalangettien commun — (Ch.,) — Com- 
 mon Extensor of the Fingers, Extenseur commun 
 des Eoigts. A long, flattened muscle; simple 
 above, and divided into four portions inferiorly. 
 It is situate at the posterior part of the forearm ; 
 arises from the external tuberosity of the hume- 
 rus ; from the aponeurosis of the forearm, and 
 from the aponeurotic septa situate between it and 
 the neighbouring muscles, and is inserted at the 
 posterior surface of the second and third pha- 
 langes of the last four fingers. This muscle ex- 
 tends the phalanges of the last four fingers upon 
 each other, and upon the metacarpal bone. It 
 can, also, extend the hand on the forearm. 
 
 ExTENSOK DiGiTORUM LoNGTTS, E. communis 
 digitorum pedis — e. Longus digitorum pedis, E. 
 communis digitorum pedis — e. Proprius hallucis, 
 E. proprius pollicis pedis — e. Indicis, E. proprius 
 indicis — e. luternodii ossis pollicis, E. longus pol- 
 licis — e. Primi internodii, Abductor longus pol- 
 licis. 
 
 Extensor Pol'licis Bretis, Exten'sor minor 
 pol'licis man us, E. primi interna' dii, E. pol'licis 
 pjrimns, E. Seeun'di interno'dii, (Douglas,) E. 
 iecun' di interna' dii ossis pol'licis; (F.) Cubito-aus- 
 phalangien du jjoiice, — (Ch.,) Court extenseur du 
 jiouce. Seated at the posterior and inferior part 
 of the forearm. It is thin, long, and broader at 
 its middle than at the extremities. It arises from 
 the posterior surface of the ulna and the inter- 
 osseous ligament, and is inserted behind the su- 
 perior extremity of the first phalanx of the 
 thumb. It extends the thumb, and aids in supi- 
 nation. 
 
 Extensor Pol'licis Longus ; Extensor major 
 pol'licis mantis, Extensor seeun'di interno'dii. 
 Extensor p)ollicis secun'dus, Extensor ter'tii inter- 
 no'dii (Douglas,) Extensor interno'dii ossis pol'- 
 licis, (F.) Cubito-sus-phalangettein du pouce, — 
 (Ch.,) Muscle long extenseur du pouce. This 
 muscle is long, flat, and fusiform ; and is seated 
 at the posterior part of the forearm. It arises 
 from the posterior surface of the ulna and the in- 
 terosseous ligament, and is inserted at the pos- 
 terior i^art of the superior extremity of the first 
 phalanx of the thumb. It extends the last pha- 
 lanx of the thumb upon the first. 
 
 Extensor Pro'prius Is'-DiciSfE. proprius pri- 
 mi dig" Iti maniis, E. Tn'dicis, Indica'tor, Exten- 
 sor seeun'di interno'dii in'dicis pro'pirius, (F. ) Cu- 
 bito-siu'-2''^alangettieyi de I'Index, — (Ch.,) Exten- 
 seur propre de I'Index. This muscle is long and 
 thin ; broader in the middle than at the extremi- 
 lies; and is situate at the posterior part of the 
 forearm. It arises from the posterior surface of 
 the ulna, and is inserted at the posterior part of 
 the upper extremitj' of the second and third pha- 
 langes of the index-finger. It extends the throe 
 p-bala.nges of the index-finger; and has, besides, 
 tile same uses as the other extremities of the 
 lingers. 
 
 , Extensor Pro'prius Min'imi DiG"iTr, (F.) 
 Epicond,gJo~su8-pJialangettien dn petit doigt, — 
 \0h.,^ Extenseur proprc du petit doigt. Situate on 
 
 the inside of the Extensor communis digiio'rum. 
 It arises from the external condyle of the os 
 humeri and the aponeurotic septa seated between 
 it, the extensor communis digitorum, and the 
 extensor carpi ulnaris ; and is inserted into the 
 last two phalanges of the little finger. Its use is 
 to extend the little finger, and even the band 
 upon the forearm. 
 
 Extensor Pro'prius Pol'licis Pedis, E.pro- 
 pirius Ilal'lucis, E. Longus (DouGLAs), E. pollicis 
 longus, Peroneo-sus-pjJialangien dujjovce, Peroneo- 
 8us-p)}ialangettien du p)ouce, — (Ch.) This muscle 
 is situate at the anterior part of the leg. It is 
 fleshy, broad, flat above; small and tendinous 
 below. It arises from the anterior part of the 
 middle third of the fibula, and is inserted into the 
 posterior part of the superior extremity of the 
 last phalanx of the great toe. It extends the 
 last phalanx of the great toe upon the first, and 
 the first upon the first metacarpal bone. 
 
 Extensor Primi Internodii, E. pollicis brevis 
 — e. Secundi internodii, E. pollicis brevis. Ex- 
 tensor longus pollicis — e. Secundi internodii in- 
 dicis proprius, E. proprius indicis — e. Tertii inter- 
 nodii, E. longus pollicis — e. Tertii internodii 
 indicis, Prior annularis — e. Tertii internodii mi- 
 nimi digiti. Abductor minimi digiti — e. Ossis 
 metacarpi pollicis manfis, Abductor longus pol- 
 licis- — e. Pollicis longus, E. proprius pollicis pedis 
 — e. Pollicis secundus, E. longus pollicis — e. Mi- 
 nor pollicis maniis, E. pollicis brevis — e. Primus 
 pollicis. Abductor longus pollicis. 
 
 Extensor Tarsi Magnus, E. Tarsi sura'lis. 
 A name given, by some anatomists, to the gas- 
 trocnemius and soleus combined. 
 
 Extensor Tarsi Minor, Plantar muscle. 
 
 EXTEXUATIO, Emaciation. 
 
 EXTERGENTIA, Detergents. 
 
 EXTER'XAL DISEASES, Extrin'sic Dis- 
 eases, Ilorbi extrin'seci, Surgical diseases, (F.) 
 Jfaladies externes. Those diseases which occupy 
 the surface of the body, and form the object of 
 surgical pathology, requiring, generally, external 
 means, or surgical operations. 
 
 EXTERNAT. The post or office of an externe. 
 
 EXTERNE, see House-surgeon. 
 
 EXTERXU3 AUP-IS, Laxator tympani — e. 
 Mallei, Laxator tympani. 
 
 EXTESTICULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EXTIXCTIO, Death — e. Hydrargyri, Ex- 
 tinction of Mercury — e. Mercurii, Extinction of 
 Mercury. 
 
 ExTiNCTio Vocis, (F.) Extinction de voix. The 
 French use this term for eases in which the voice 
 is not wholly suppressed, but produces only fee- 
 ble sounds : — Incomplete aphonia. 
 
 EXTIXC'TIOX OF MER'CURT, Extinc'tio 
 3Iercu'rii vel Hi/drar'gyri. Trituration of mer- 
 cury with lard or other substance, until the me- 
 tallic globules disappear. The mercury is then 
 so divided, that it forms a black powder, gene- 
 rally considered to be a protoxide of mercury, 
 but, perhaps, erroneously. 
 
 EXTIRPATIO, Extirpation— e. Linguse, Glos- 
 sosteresis — e. Testiculorum, Castratio. 
 
 EXTIRPA'TIOX, Extirjya'tio, Exsfirpa'iio, 
 Abla'tio, Aphce'resis, from extirpare, (ex, and 
 stirps,) 'to root out.' The complete removal or 
 destruction of any part, either by cutting instru- 
 ments or the action of caustics. Thus, we speak 
 of the extirpation of cancer, polypus, encysted 
 tumour, <fec. 
 
 EXTOMIUS, Eunuch. 
 
 EXTOZOA, Ertozoa. 
 
 EXTOZOAIRES. Ectozoa. 
 
 EXTOZOARIA, Ectozoa. 
 
 EXTRA - PEL no - P UBI- TROCHANTJ^- 
 PilEX, Obturator cxternus. 
 
EXTRACT 
 
 353 
 
 EXTRACTUM 
 
 EXTRACT, Extractum — e. of Aconite, Ex- 
 tractum aconiti — e. of Aconite, alcoholic, Extrac- 
 tum aconiti alcoholicum — e. Alcoholic, see Ex- 
 tractum — e. of Aloes, purified, Extractum aloes 
 purificatum — e. of Bark, Extractum cinchonae — 
 e. of Bark, resinoas, Extractum cinehonse resino- 
 sum — e. of Belladonna, Extractum belladonnce — 
 e. of Belladonna, alcoholic, Extractum belladon- 
 nse alcoholicum — e. of Bittersweet, Extractum 
 uulcamarse — e. of Broom-tops, Extractum cacu- 
 minum genistse — e. of Butternut, Extractum ju- 
 glandis — e. of Cascarilla, resinous, Extractum 
 cascarillse resinosum — e. of Chamomile, E. an- 
 themidis — e. of Cinchona, Extractum cinchouEe — 
 — ^e. of Colchicum, acetic, Extractum colchici aceti- 
 cum — e. of Colocynth, Extractum colocynthidis 
 e. of Colocynth, compound, Extractum colocyn- 
 thidis oompositum — e. of Cubebs, fluid, Extrac- 
 tum cubebae fluidum — e. of Dandelion, Extractum 
 taraxaci — e. of Elaterium, Extractum elaterii — e. 
 of Ergot, Ergotin — e. Ethereal, see Extractum — 
 e. of Gentian, Extractum gentianaj — e. of Hem- 
 lock, Extractum cicutse — e. of Hellebore, black, 
 Exti'actum hellebori — e. of Hemlock, alcoholic, 
 Extractum eonii alcoholicum — e. of Henbane, 
 Extractum hyoscyami — e. of Henbane, alcoholic, 
 Extractum hj'oscj-ami alcoholicum — e. of Hops, 
 Extractum humuli — e. of Jalap, Extractum jala- 
 pse — e. of Lettuce, Extractum lactucae — e. of 
 Liquorice, Extractum glycyrrhizaj — e. of Log- 
 wood, Extractum hfematoxyli — e. of Mayapple, 
 Extractum podophylli — e. of Meat, saponaceous, 
 Osmazome — e. of Oak-bark, Extractum corticis 
 quercus — e. of white Poppy, Extractum papave- 
 ris — e. of Quassia, Extractum quassise — e. of 
 Quinia, Extractum quiniee — e. of Rhatany, Ex- 
 tractum kramerise — e. of Rhubarb, Extractum 
 rhei — e. of Rhubarb, fluid, Extractum rhei flui- 
 dum — e. of Rue, Extractum rutse — e. of Sarsa- 
 parilla, Extractum sarsaparillaa — e. of Sarsaparil- 
 la, fluid, Extractum sarsaparillEe fluidum — e. of 
 Savine, Extractum foliorum sabinse — e. of Senna, 
 fluid, Extractum sennse fluidum — e. of Spige- 
 lia and Senna, Extractum spigelise et sennaj — e. 
 of Stramonium, Extractum stramonii — e. of Va- 
 lerian, Extractum Valerianae — e. of Wormwood, 
 Extractum cacuminiim absinthii. 
 EXTEAGTIF, Extractive. 
 EXTRACTION, Extrac'tlo, Exce'renis, Ex- 
 tiijo'ge, Exolce, Exelcys'mua, Enchylo'sis, from 
 extraJiere, {ex, and trahere,) 'to draw out.' The 
 act of removing an extraneous substance from 
 any part of the body. Thus, a splinter is said to 
 be extracted. It is, also, applied to the removal 
 of certain parts. The cataract is said to be ex- 
 tracted : a tooth is extracted, when carious, &c. 
 
 EXTRACTIVE, (F.) Extractif. Same ety- 
 mon. A peculiar, immediate principle, which 
 has been admitted in extracts. Thus, hitter 
 extractive is the immediate principle of bitter 
 vegetables, &c. 
 
 EXTRACTUM, Extract, Ecchylo'ma, ( F. ) 
 Extrait. An extract is prepared by evaporating 
 vegetable solutions, till a tenacious mass is ob- 
 taiiied. AVhen prepared from an infusion or de- 
 coction, it is called & watery, — from ether, an 
 ethereal, — and from alcohol, an alcohol'ic or a spi- 
 rituous extract. Both kinds contain all the prin- 
 ciples of the vegetable, that are soluble in the 
 menstrua with which they are prepared ; but the 
 volatile parts are dissipated, and some of the 
 fixed parts are decomposed; the proper extrac- 
 tive is oxygenized, and the virtues of the vege- 
 table substance consequently altered or destroyed. 
 Extracts are hard, soft, or fluid : the consistence 
 of the soft being such as to retain the pilular 
 form without the addition of a powder. A patent 
 was taken out many years ago, by a Mr. Barry, 
 23 
 
 of London, for preparing them in vacuo ; and, aa 
 the temperature is much lower than in the ordi- 
 nary method, the virtues of the plant are less 
 altered, and the extracts are generally green.. 
 Extracts are also prepared by displacement or 
 percolation. They have, likewise, received dif- 
 ferent names, according to their predominant 
 principle. The gummy or mucovs, m wucilaginows, 
 are those which are mainly composed of gum or 
 mucilage. Gum tragacanth may be considered a 
 pure gummy extract. Gelatinous extracts are 
 those composed especially of gelatin ; resinous 
 extracts, those of a resinous character ; extracto- 
 resinous, those composed of extractive or colour- 
 ing matter and resin ; gum-resinous, those con- 
 taining gum and resin ; and sapoiia'ceous or 
 sapona'ceous saline, those containing a notable 
 quantity of saline substances and a resinous mat- 
 ter, so combined with mucus and other soluble 
 substances, that they cannot be separated. 
 
 Extractum Absin'thii Cacu-'minum, Extract 
 of Wormioood. (A decoction defecated and eva- 
 piorated.) The flavour is dissipated along with 
 the essential oil. It is a bitter tonic. Dose, gr. 
 X to 9j, in pill. 
 
 Extractum Aconi'ti, Extract of Aconite, Sitc- 
 cus spissa'tus aconiti napelli, (from the insjyissated 
 juice witho%it defecation.) It is esteemed to be 
 narcotic and diuretic ; and has been given in the 
 cases referred to under Aconitum. Dose, gr. j, 
 gradually increasing it. 
 
 Extractum Aconi'ti Alcohol'icum, Alcoholic 
 Extract of Aconite. {Aconit. in pulv. crass. Ibj ; 
 Alcohol, dilut. Oiv. Moisten the aconite with 
 half a pint of diluted alcohol : let it stand for 2i 
 hours : transfer it to a displacement apparatus, 
 and gradually add the remainder of the diluted 
 alcohol. When the last portion of this has pene- 
 trated the aconite, pour in from time to time 
 water suflBcient to keep the powder covered. 
 Stop the filtration when the liquid which passes 
 begins to produce a precipitate, as it falls, in 
 that which has already passed. Distil off the 
 alcohol, and evaporate to a proper consistence. — 
 Ph. U. S.) .. , 
 
 Extractum Al'oes PuRiriCA'TUM, Pw'rifled 
 extract of aloes. ( The gummy part extracted ly 
 boiling water, defecated and inspjissated.) Dose, 
 gr. V to gr. XV. 
 
 Extractum Anthem'idis, E. anthemidis no'- 
 bilis, E. chammme'li, E. florum chamccme'li, Ex- 
 tract of Cham'omile. The volatile oil is dissipated 
 in this preparation. It is a pure, grateful bitter, 
 and is tonic and stomachic. Dose, gr. x to gr. 
 XX, in pills. 
 
 Extractum Asparagi, see Asparagus. 
 Extractum Belladon'NjE, Succus spissa'tus 
 at'ropcB helladon'ncB, Extract of Belladon'na, {an 
 expressed juice inspissated.) Properties same 
 as those of the plant. Dose, gr. i, gradually 
 increased. It dilates the pupil when applied to 
 the eye. 
 
 Extractum BELLADONXiE Alcohoi,'icum, Al- 
 cohol'ic extract of Belladonna. (Prepared like 
 the extractum aconiti alcoholicum. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Extractum Cannabis, see Bangue. 
 Extractum Cascaril'lje Resino'sum, Bes'- 
 inous extract of cascaril'la. (Cort. cascarillo>, in 
 pulv. crass. Ibj ; Sp. vini red. Ibiv. Digest for 
 four days ; then decant and strain ; boil the resi ■ 
 duum in ten pints of water to two ; 'filter and 
 evaporate the decoction, and distil the tincture 
 in a retort, till both are thickened ,• then mix and 
 evaporate to a pilular consistence.) Dose, gr. x 
 to gr. XX, in pills. 
 
 Extractum Catharticum, E. Colocynthidis 
 oompositum — e. Catechu, Catechu — e. ChaTnip- 
 meli, E. Anthemidis — e. Cicutae, E Conii. 
 
EXTRACTUM 
 
 354 
 
 EXTRACTUM 
 
 ExTEACTTJM Cathol'icum, (F.) Extrait Catho- 
 liqne. This epithet is givea to pills composed of 
 aloes, black hellebore, and colocynth, resin of 
 jalap, and scammony. See, also, Extractum co- 
 locynthidis compositum. 
 
 Extractum Cincho'n^, Extract of Cincho'na, 
 E. Cor'ticia Peruvia'ni, E. G'incho'ncB Molle, E. 
 of Bark. [A decoction evaporated.) The active 
 principles are similar to those of the bark in 
 sujpstance ; but it is not so effectual — owing to 
 the chymical change induced in the drug during 
 the boiling. When reduced, by drying, to a state 
 fit for being powdered, it is called the Hard Ex- 
 tract of Bai rc, Extrac'tum Cor'ticia Peruvia'ni 
 durum, E. Cineho'ncB durum. Dose, gr. x to ^ss- 
 Extractum Cinchona Resino'sum, E. Uin- 
 cTionm lancifo'licB, E. Cinchonas Ruhra resino'- 
 tum, Hes'inous Extract of Bark, E. Cincho'na 
 Besi'ncB. The aqueo-spirituous extract contains 
 both the extractive and resin of the bark. Dose, 
 gr. X to XXX. 
 
 Extractum CinchoneB of the Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States, (1842,) is directed to be pre- 
 pared as follows : — Peruvian Bark, in coarse 
 powder, H) j ; Alcohol, Oiv; Water, a sufBcient 
 quantity. Slacerate the Peruvian bark with the 
 alcohol for four days ; then filter by a displace- 
 ment apparatus, and when the liquid ceases to 
 pass, pour gradually on the bark water sufBcient 
 to keep its surface covered. When the filtered 
 tincture measures four pints, set it aside, and 
 proceed with the filtration until six pints of infu- 
 sion are obtained. Distil off the alcohol from the 
 tincture and evaporate the infusion till the liquids 
 are respectively brought to the consistence of thin 
 honey ; then mix and evaporate to form an ex- 
 tract.— Ph. U. S. 
 
 Extrac'tum Col'chici Ace'tictjm, Aee'tous or 
 Ace' tic Extract of Colchicum. [Colchic. rad. in 
 pulv. crass, ibj. Acid. acet. t^iv. Aqua q. s. To 
 the acid add a pint of water, and mix this with 
 the root. Put the mixture in a percolator, and 
 pour on water until the liquid that passes has 
 little or no taste. Evaporate to a proper consist- 
 ence. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. j to gr. iij. 
 
 Extractum Coloctn'thidis, Extract of Col'o- 
 cynth. A cathartic, in the dose of from gr. v 
 to ^ss. 
 
 Extractum CoLOCYN'THrDis Compos'itum, Ex- 
 1 1 actum Cathar' ticuni, E. Cathol'icum, E. Quer- 
 eeta'ni. Compound Extract of Colocynth. (Colo- 
 cynth. pulp, concis. ^vj, Aloe8 pulv. 5xij, Scam- 
 mon. pulv. 3i^> Cardamom, pulv. %], Saponis 
 ^iij, Alcohol, dilut. eong. Macerate the pulp in 
 the spirit at a gentle heat for four days ; strain : 
 add the aloes and scammony ; then distil off the 
 spirit and mix in the cardamom seeds. Ph. U. 
 S.) It is a powerful catiiartic, and is used in 
 obstinate visceral obstructions, <fcc. Dose, gr. vj 
 io .^ss. 
 
 Extractum Coni'i, E. Cicu'ta, Snccua cicuta 
 hpissa'tus, Extract of Hemlock, Succus spissatus 
 conii macula'ti, (Exjircssed juice inspissated 
 without defecation.) Employed in the same 
 cases as the conium. Dose, gr. iij to ^j- 
 
 Extractum Coxii Ai.coHOL'rorM, Alcoholic 
 Extract of Hemlock. (Prepared like the Ex- 
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Convolvuli Jalaps, E. jalapse — 
 e. Corticis Peruvian!, E. Cinchonse. 
 
 Extract'um Cubeb'jE Flu'idum, Fluid Ex- 
 tract of Cuhihs. (Cubebs exhausted by ether 
 through percolation, and the solution evaporated. 
 Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Dulcama'r^e, Extract of Bitter- 
 tweet. (Prepared by displacement from bitter- 
 sweet in coarse powder. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Elate'rii, Elate'rium Extract of 
 
 Elaterium. (The fecula of the expressed Juice.} 
 It is violently cathartic, hydragogue, and some- 
 times emetic. Dose, gr. ss. every hour tUl it 
 operates. 
 
 Extractum Ergot^e, Ergotin. 
 Extractum Genis't^ CAcu'MijfUM, Extract of 
 Broom Tops. Diuretic and stomachic. Dose, 
 gss to 3j. 
 
 Extractum Gestia'n^, Ext. Gentia'na lu'tea, 
 Ext, Badi'cis Gentia'ncB, Extract of Gen'tiun. 
 (The evaporated decoction.) Prepared also by 
 displacement. — Ph. U. S.) Properties like those 
 of Gentian. Dose, gr. x to gss. 
 
 Extractum Glycyrrhi'zjE ; Extract of Li- 
 quorice, Succ%i8 Glyeyrrhi'zcB inspissa'tus, Succtcs 
 Liquirit"i(B. {The evaporated decoction.) It is 
 demulcent, taken ad libitum. 
 
 Refined Liquorice, which is sold in the form 
 of cylinders, is made by gently evaporating a 
 solution of the pure extract of liquorice with half 
 its weight of gum Arabic, rolling the mass and 
 cutting it into lengths, and then polishing, by 
 rolling them together in a box. 
 
 Extrac'tum Gram'inis, ' Extract of Grass.' 
 An extract prepared from Triticum repens. It is 
 considered by the Germans to be a mild tonic ; 
 and is greatly iised, especially in convalescence 
 from fever. It is probably devoid of all injurious 
 properties, and as probably totally ineflScacious. 
 Extractum H^matox'tli, E. Hmmatox'yli 
 Campeehia'ni, E. Scobis Hamatox'yli, Extract 
 of Logwood. ( The evaporated decoction.) It is 
 astringent. Dose, gr. x to ^j. 
 
 Extractum Radi'cis Helleb'ori Nigri, Ext. 
 of Black Hell'ebore root, E. Hellehori nigri. 
 (The evaporated decoction.) In large doses, this 
 is cathartic; in smaller, diuretic, resolvent (?) and 
 emmenagogue (?). Dose, as a cathartic, gr. x to 
 5j ; as an emmenagogue, gr. iij to gr. x. 
 
 Extractum Hellebori, of the Pharmacopoeia 
 of the United States (1842), is prepared from 
 Black Hellebore, in coarse powder, like the Ex- 
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum. 
 
 Extractum Hu'siuli, Extract of hops, (the 
 evaporated, decoction.) It is tonic, anodyne (?), 
 diuretic (?). Dose, gr. v to 3j- 
 
 Extractum Hyoscy'ami, Extract of Henbane, 
 Succus spissa'tus Hyoacyami nigri, Suce. Spise. 
 Hyoscyami. (The expressed juice, inspissated 
 without defecation.) Its virtues are narcotic. 
 Dose, gr. v to ^ss. 
 
 Extractum Hyoscyajii Alcohol'icum, Alco- 
 holic Extract of Henbane. (Prepared from leaves 
 of Ilyoseyamus, in coarse powder, like the Ex- 
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Jala'p^, E. Convol'vvli Jalapa, 
 E. Jala'pii, Extract of Jalap, E. Jala'pi. (A 
 spirituous tincture distilled / and an aqueous de- 
 coction evaporated ,• the residua being mixed toge- 
 ther : kept both soft and hard.) It is cathartic 
 and hydragogue. Dose, gr. x to Qj. 
 
 Extractum Jalap.b of the Ph. U. S. is pre- 
 pared like the Extractum cinchonse. Ph. U. S. 
 
 Extractum Jalaps Resiko'sum, Res'inoua 
 Extract of Jalap. This is cathartic. 
 
 Extractum Juglan'dis, Extract of Butternut. 
 (Prepared by displacement from butternut, in 
 coarse powder. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Krame'ki.e, Extract of Rhatany. 
 (Prepared by displacement from rhatany, in 
 coarse powder. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Lactu'c^, Extract of Lettuce, 
 Succus spissa'tus Lactucm sativtB. (Leaves of 
 fresh lettuce Ibj ; beat them in a stone mortar, 
 sprinkling them with water; then express the 
 juice and evaporate, without allowing it to sub- 
 i side until it acquires a proper degree of coDsist- 
 
EXTRACTUM 
 
 355 
 
 EXTRANEOUS BODY 
 
 ence.) It is said to be narcotic and diaphoretic. 
 Dose, gr. iij to gr. x. 
 
 An extract is, sometimes, made from the juice 
 of the wild lettuce, Lactuca viro'sa, which is re- 
 garded as diuretic. 
 
 ExTRACTUM Martis Aceticum, Fcrri Aeetas — 
 e. Naeis Vomicae, see Strychnos nux vomica. 
 
 ExTRACTDM O'pii, E. OpU aquo'sum, E. The- 
 ba'icum, Extract of Opium, E. Opii gumma' sum, 
 Lau'danum o]yia' turn sqvl simplex, Opium eola'tum 
 seu depura'tum. (A icatery solution defecated 
 and evaporated.) Dose, gr. ss to gr. v. 
 
 ExTRACTUit Panchymago'gum. A drastic me- 
 dicine, composed of colocynth, bruised with its 
 seeds ; senna bruised; black hellebore root. Aga- 
 ric, Scammony, in powder. Extract of Aloes, and 
 Powder of Biarrhodon. 
 
 ExTRACTUM Papav'eris, E. Papav'eris som- 
 nif'eri, E. Papaveris albi. Extract of ichite poppy. 
 {The decoction evaporated.) It possesses nearly 
 the same virtues as opium, but is weaker. Dose, 
 gr. ij to 9j. 
 
 ExTRACTUM Pip'eris Flu'idum, Fluid Extract 
 of Black Pepper. {Blackpe]jper exhausted by ether 
 through percolation, the solution evaporated, and 
 the piperin in crystals separated by expression. 
 Ph. U. S.) 
 
 ExTRACTUM Podophtl'li, Extract of May- 
 appile. (Prepared from podophyllum, in coarse 
 powder, in the same manner as the Extract of 
 cinchona.— Ph. U. S.) 
 
 ExTRACTtjJt PuRGAXS, See Hcdera helix — e. 
 Quercetani, E. Colocynthidis compositum. 
 
 ExTRACTUJI QuAS'si.E, Extract of Quassia. 
 (Prepared by displacement from Quassia rasped. 
 —Ph. U. S.) 
 
 ExTRACTUir Cor'ticis Quercus, Extract of oak 
 hark. {The decoction evapiorated.) It is astrin- 
 gent and tonic. 
 
 ExTRACTUM Qui'kije, QuinicB stdphas impu'rus. 
 This is made by evaporating the liquor poured 
 off the crystals of sulphate of quinia to the con- 
 sistence of a pilular mass. Twenty-four grains 
 will generally arrest an intermittent. 
 
 ExTRACTUM Rhei, Extract of Ehubarb. {A 
 tolution in diluted alcohol evaporated.) Uses 
 like those of the powdered root. Dose, gr. x 
 to ^ss. 
 
 ExTRACTUM Rhei flu'idum, Fluid Extract of 
 Rhubarb. {Rhej in pulv. crass, ^viij, Sacchar. 
 ^v, Tinct. Zingib. f^ss, 01. fosnicul., 01. anis. 
 aalT^iv; Alcohol, dilut. q. s. Digest the rhu- 
 barb, mixed with an equal bulk of coarse sand, 
 with ^xij of the diluted alcohol for 24 hours. 
 Put the mass into the percolator, and pour on 
 diluted alcohol until the liquid that passes has 
 little odour or taste of rhubarb; evaporate to i^y; 
 dissolve it in the sugar, and mix the tincture of 
 ginger and oils. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 ExTRACTUM Ru'dii, Extract of Radius, (P.) 
 Extrait de Rudius. Pills made of colocynth, 
 agaric, scammony, roots of black hellebore and 
 jalap, socotrine aloes, cinnamon, mace, cloves, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 ExTRACTUM RutjE Grateolen'tis, E. folio'- 
 rum RutcB, Extract of Rue, Extractum Rutce. {A 
 decoction evaporated.) Tonic, stomachic. The 
 volatile oil being dissipated in the boiling, this is 
 not a good preparation. Dose, gr. x to ^j- 
 
 ExTRACTCM Folio'rum Saei'n^, Extract of 
 Savine. {A decoction evaporated.) Tonic. The 
 same remarks may be made on this preparation 
 as on the last. Dose, gr. x to ^ss. 
 
 Extractum Sarsaparil'l^, Extract of Sar- 
 eaparil'la. {A strained decoction evaporated.) 
 Virtues the same as those of the powdered root. 
 Dose, gr. x to ^j. Extractum Sarsaparillm of 
 the United States Pharmacopoeia is prepared 
 
 from Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder, like the Ex- 
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum. 
 
 Extractum Sarsaparilla flu'idum, Fluid 
 Extract of Sarsapat-illa. {Sarsaparill. coneis. ct 
 contus. §xvj, Glycyrrhiz. contus., Sassafr. rad. 
 contus., aa §ij, Mezerei coneis. 3^'j) Sacchar. 
 §xij. Alcohol, dilut. Oviij. Macerate, with the 
 exception of the sugar, for 14 days ; express and 
 filter; evaporate to f5xij; and add the sugar. 
 Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Saturjti, Goulard's, Liquor 
 plumbi subacetatis — e. Scobis heematoxyli, E. 
 hsematoxyli. 
 
 Extractum Senna flu'idum. Fluid Extract 
 of Senna. {Sennm in pulv. crass. Ibijss; Sac- 
 char. ^xx; 01. Fcenicul. f 3J ; Sp>. jEther. com- 
 pos, f^ij ; Alcohol, dilut. Oiv. Mix the senna 
 and diluted alcohol; let the mixture stand for 21 
 hours ; put it into a percolator, and gradually 
 pour on water mixed with one third its bulk of 
 alcohol, until a gallon and a half of liquid shall 
 have passed; evaporate to f^xs; add the sugar, 
 and, when it is dissolved, the compound spirit of 
 ether, holding the oil in solution. 
 
 Extractum Spige'lia et Senna flu'idum. 
 Fluid Extract of Spigelia and Senna. {Spigel. 
 in pulv. crass, tbj ; SenncB in pulv. crass. 5vj; 
 Sacchar. Ibiss ; Potass, carbon, ^vy, 01. Carni, 
 01. Anisi, aa f^ss ; Alcohol, dilut. q. s. Pour 
 on the spigelia and senna Oij of diluted alcoh<il ; 
 let it stand for 48 hours ; place it in a percolator, 
 and pour on gradually diluted alcohol until half 
 a gallon has passed: evaporate to a pint; add 
 the carbonate of potassa; and afterwards the 
 sugar, previously triturated with the oils, and 
 dissolve. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Extractum Stramo'nii, E. Stramo'nii folio - 
 rum, Extract of Stramo'nium, Extract of Strann ■ 
 nium leaves. (The expressed juice inspissated. ) 
 The Extractum Stramonii Sem'inis, Extract of 
 Stramonium Seed, is made from the powdered 
 seed by means of diluted alcohol, and with the 
 aid of the percolator ; — the solution being evapo- 
 rated. Ph. U. S. Used as a narcotic in asthma 
 and other spasmodic affections. Dose, gr. ij togr. x. 
 
 Extractum Tarax'aci, Ext. HerbcB et Radi'- 
 cis Tarax'aci, Extract of Eandeli'on. {The 
 strained juice evaj>orated.) It has been consi- , 
 dered deobstruent, laxative, and diuretic. Dose, 
 gr. X to 5J- 
 
 Extractum Thebaicum, E. Opii. 
 
 Extractum Valeria'na, Extract of Vale'- 
 rian. {An ejcpressed decoction evaporated.) The 
 virtues of the valerian being dependent upon its 
 essential oil, this is an objectionable preparation. 
 Dose, gr. x to ^j- 
 
 A fluid extract of Valerian, Extractum Vale- 
 ria' ncB flu'idum, has been introduced into the last 
 edition of the Pharmacopceia U. S. (1851). It is 
 prepared by exhausting the valerian by ether and 
 alcohol, through the percolator, and evaporating. 
 
 There are some other extracts in the American 
 and other Pharmacopoeias, but they are prepared 
 in the ordinary mode, and possess merely the 
 virtues of the plants. They are besides, gene- 
 rally, of an unimportant character. 
 
 EXTRAIT, Extract— e. Alcoholique de noix 
 vomique, see Strychnos nux vomica — e. des Frtnts, 
 Piob — e. Hi'mostatique de Bonjean, Ergotin. 
 
 EXTRA'NEOUS BODY, from extra, 'witn- 
 out.' Corpus extra'neum, C. exter'num, C. alie'- 
 num, (F.) Corps Stranger. Any solid, liquid, or 
 gaseous substance, inanimate or animate, pro- 
 ceeding from without, or formed in the body ; 
 and which constitutes no part of the body, but 
 occupies, in the substance of the textures, or soma 
 of the cavities, a place foreign to it. 
 
EXTRAVASATION 
 
 356 
 
 FACE 
 
 EXTRAVASA'TION, Extravasa'tio, from ex- 
 tra, 'out of,' and vasa, 'vessels.' Escape of a 
 fluid — extravasa'tum — from the vessel contain- 
 ing it, and infiltration or effusion of the fluid into 
 the surrounding textures. 
 
 EXTRA VASATUM, see Extravasatio. 
 
 EXTREM'ITY, Extrem'itas ; from extremus, 
 'the outermost;' the end or termination of a 
 thing. The limbs, acrote' ria, have been so called, 
 — as the tipper and lower extremities. It has 
 been, also, used to express the last moments of 
 life ,• as when we say, a patient is in ' extremity,' 
 (F.) le malade est d I'extremite, d touts extremite. 
 See Membrum. 
 
 EXTRIN'SIC, Extrin'sems. That which comes 
 from without. This term has been used for mus- 
 cles, which surround certain organs and attach 
 them to the neighbouring parts ; in order to dis- 
 tinguish them from other muscles, which enter 
 into the intimate composition of these organs, 
 and which have been named intrinsic. Thus, 
 *.aere are extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the 
 tongue, ear, <&c. 
 
 EXTROVERSIO, Exstrophia. 
 
 EXTUBERANTIA, Protuberance. 
 
 EXTUBERATIO, Protuberance. 
 
 EXTUMEFACTIO, Swelling. 
 
 EXTUS'SIO, from ex, and tussis, 'a cough.' 
 * I cough with expectoration.' 
 
 EXU'BER, from ex, 'out of,' 'devoid of,' and 
 uhera, 'breasts;' Apogalac'tos. 'A child which 
 has been weaned.' 
 
 EXUDATION CORPUSCLES, see Corpus- 
 cles, exudation. 
 
 EXULCERATIO, Ecthlimma, Ulceration — e. 
 Uteri, Hysterelcosis — e. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis. 
 
 EXUMBILICATIO, Exomphalos. 
 
 EXUSTIO, Cauterization. 
 
 EXUTORIUM, Eonticulus. 
 
 EXUTORY, Eonticulus. 
 
 EYE, Sax. eaj, Teuton. Auge, O'culm, Ops, 
 0,nma, Ophthal'mos, Illos, Opi'tilos (Doric,) Vi- 
 eo'rium Org'anum, (F.) (Eil. The eye is the im- 
 mediate organ of vision. It is seated in the orbit, 
 while its dependencies, called by Haller Tntam'- 
 ina Oc'xdi, occupy the circumference of the ca- 
 vity, and are composed of the eyebrows, the eye- 
 lids, cilia, glands of Meibomius, &c. The Ball, 
 Globe, or Bulb of the Eye, Bulbus Oc'idi, is co- 
 vered anteriorly by the tunica conjunctiva; is 
 moved by six muscles, four straight, two oblique, 
 and is constituted of membranes, as the sclerotic, 
 cornea, choroid, tunica Jacobi, retina, iris, hya- 
 loid, and, in the foetus, the membrana pupillaria; 
 and of fluids, called Humonrs, or Jfedia, — the 
 aqueous, crystalline, and vitreous. The eyeball 
 is invested with a membranous tunic, which sepa- 
 rates it from the other structures of the orbit, and 
 forms a smooth, hollow surface, by which its mo- 
 tions are facilitated. This investment has been 
 
 called cell'ular capsule of the eye, oc'ular capsule, 
 tu'nica vagina'lis oc'uli, vag"inal coat, and suh- 
 mus'cular fascia of the eye. The vessels of the 
 eye proceed from the ophthalmic artery. The 
 nerves, except the optic, are chiefly furnished 
 from the ophthalmic ganglion. The following 
 are the dimensions, &c., of the organ, on the au- 
 thority of Petit, Young, Gordon, and Brewster: 
 
 Length of the antero-posterior diameter of 
 
 the eye, 0.91 
 
 Vertical chord of the cornea, 0.45 
 
 Versed sine of the cornea, 0.11 
 
 Horizontal chord of the cornea, 0.47 
 
 Size of pupil seen through the cornea, 0.27 to 0.13 
 Size of pupil diminished by magnifj'ing power 
 
 of cornea to, from 0.25 to 0.12 
 
 Radius of the anterior surface of the crystal- 
 line, 0.30 
 
 Radius of posterior surface, 0.22 
 
 Principal focal distance of lens, 1.73 
 
 Distance of the centre of the optic nerve from 
 
 ihe foramen centrale of Sommering, 0.11 
 
 Distance of the iris from the cornea, 0.10 
 
 Distance of the iris from the anterior surface 
 
 of the crystalline 0.02 
 
 Field of vision above a horizontal line, 50° ] , „p,o 
 Field of vision below a horizontal line, 70° J 
 
 Field of vision in a horizontal plane, 150° 
 
 Diameter of the crystalline in a woman above 
 
 fifty years of age, 0.37S 
 
 Diameter of the cornea, 0.400 
 
 Thickness of the crystalline, 0.172 
 
 Thickness of the cornea, 0.042 
 
 Eye, Apple, see Melum — e. Balm, Hydrastis 
 Canadensis — e. Bright, Euphrasia ofiicinalis. Lo- 
 belia — e. Cat's, amaurotic, see Amaurotic — e. 
 Cellular capsule of the, see Eye — e. Drop, Tear. 
 
 Eye Glass, Seaphium oculare, see Specta- 
 cles. Also, a glass adapted for the application 
 of collyria to the eye. 
 
 Eye, Gtjm of the, Chassie — e. Lashes, Cilia- - 
 e. Lid, Palpebra — e. Lid, Granular, Trachoma — 
 e. Melon, see Melum — e. Purulent, Ophthalmia, 
 purulent, of infants — e. Salve, Singleton's, Un- 
 guentum Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi; Eye-salve, 
 Smellome's, see Cupri subacetas — e. Sight of the, 
 Pupil. 
 
 Eye Stone. The shelly operculum of small 
 turbinidese. Used at Guernsey to get things out 
 of the eyes. Being put into the inner corner of 
 the eye, under the eyelid, it works its way out 
 at the outer corner, and brings out any foreign 
 substance with it. — Gray. 
 
 Eye Teeth, Canine teeth — e. of Typhon, Scil- 
 la — e. Water, Collyrium — e. Water, common, Li- 
 quor zinci sulphatis cum camphor^, — e. Water, 
 blue. Liquor cupri ammoniati — e. Watery, Epi- 
 phora — e. White of the, see Sclerotic. 
 
 F. 
 
 FABa, Phaseolus, Vicia faba — f. ^gyptiaea, 
 Nymphfea nelumbo — f. Cathartica, Jatropha 
 i;urcas — f. Crassa, Sedum telephium — f. Febri- 
 fuga, Ignatia amara — f. Grseca, Diospyros lotus 
 --f. Indica, Ignatia amara — f. Major. Vicia 
 Jiiba — f. Pechurei, Tetranthera Pechurim — f. 
 I'echurim, Tetranthera pechurim — f. Purgatrix, 
 Kicinus communis — f. Sancti Ignatii, Ignatia 
 <imara — f. Suilla, Hyoscyamns — f. Vulgaris, 
 Vicia faba. 
 
 FAB^, Onisei aselH. 
 
 FABAGELLE, Zvgophyllum fagabo. 
 
 FABARIA CRASSULA, Sedum telephium. 
 
 FABRICA ANDROGYNA, Hermaphrodeity. 
 
 FACE, Fades, Vnltns, Voltus, Proso'pon, (F.) 
 Face. The face is the anterior part of the head. 
 It is formed of 13 bones, viz. the two superior 
 maxillary, the tv>o malar, the two ossa nasi, the 
 two ossa nng^tia, the vomer, the two ossa sjjongiosa 
 inferiora, the two palate bones, and the inferior 
 
FACE 
 
 357 
 
 PAGITS 
 
 maxillary, without including the frontal portion 
 of the OS frontis, and the 32 teeth, which may he 
 considered to form part of it. Its numerous 
 muscles are chiefly destined for the organs of 
 sight, hearing, taste, and smell. Its arteries 
 proceed from the external carotid : its veins end 
 in the jugular, and its nerves draw their origin 
 immediately from the brain. 
 
 The face experiences alterations in disease, 
 which it is important to attend to. It is yellow 
 in jaundice, pale and puify in dropsy ; and its 
 expression is very different, according to the seat 
 of ii-ritation, so that, in infants, by an attention 
 to medical physiognomy, we can often detect the 
 seat of disease. 
 
 Hippocrates has well depicted the change 
 which it experiences in one exhausted by long 
 sickness, by great evacuations, excessive hunger, 
 watchfulness, &c., threatening dissolution. Hence 
 this state has been called Fades Hii^pocrat'iea, 
 Fades Cadaver'ica, F. Tortua'lis. In this, the 
 nose is pinched ; the ej^es are sunk ; the temples 
 hollow; the ears cold, and retracted; the skin 
 of the forehead tense, and dry ; the complexion 
 livid ; the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold, &c. 
 
 The term Face (F.) is likewise given to one of 
 the aspects of an organ ; thus, we say, the supe- 
 rior face of the stomach. 
 
 FACE, INJECTFE, see Vultueux—f. Vul- 
 tueuse, see Vultuenx. 
 
 FACET', (F.) Facette. Diminutive of Face. A 
 small face. A small, circumscribed portion of 
 the surface of a bone, as the articular facette of 
 a bone. 
 
 FACHINGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These springs are at no great distance from those 
 of Geilenau, and two miles north of Wisbaden. 
 They contain free carbonic acid ; carbonate, sul- 
 phate, and phosphate of soda; chloride of sodium, 
 carbonate of lime, magnesia, and iron. 
 
 FA'CIAL, Facia'lis. Belonging to, or con- 
 nected with, the face. 
 
 Facial Angle, see Angle, facial. 
 
 Facial Artery, La'bial artery, An'gular or 
 external max'illary artery, A. palato-lahial — 
 (Ch.) is a branch of the external carotid, which 
 rises beneath the digastricus, and is distributed 
 to almost every part of the face. It furnishes 
 the inferior palatal, submental, superior labial, 
 inferior labial, and dorsalis nasi. 
 
 Facial Line, see Angle, facial. 
 
 Facial Nerve, Portio dura of the 7th pair. 
 Ramus du'rior sep'timm conjiigatio' nis, Sympa- 
 thet'icus minor, Res'piratory nerve of the face. 
 Par sep'timum sivefacia'le, Commu'nicans faciei 
 neruus. This nerve arises from the inferior and 
 lateral part of the tuber annulare, in the groove 
 which separates it from the medulla oblongata, 
 external to the corpora olivaria, and by the side 
 of the auditory nerve. It issues from the cranium 
 by the meatus auditorius internus; enters the 
 aqueduct of Fallopius ; receives a branch of the 
 Vidian nerve'; forms a gangliform swelling — Intu- 
 mesccn'tia gangliform' is j — sends off filaments to 
 the internal muscles of the malleus and stapes ; 
 furnishes, according to many anatomists, that 
 called Chorda Tympani ; makes its exit at the 
 foramen stylo-mastoideum, and divides into two 
 branches — the tonporo facial, and cervicofacial. 
 On the face it is termed, Pes anseri'nus. Plexus 
 nervo' rtun anseri'nus. See Portio Wrisbergii. 
 
 Facial Vein, PaVato-labial — (Ch.,) arises be- 
 tween the skin and frontalis muscle, and bears 
 the name V. Fronta'lis, (F.) Veine frontale ou 
 V. Preparate. It then descends, vertically, to- 
 wards the greater angle of the eye, where it is 
 called Angula'ris ; and afterwards descends, 
 obliciuely, on the face, to open into the internal 
 
 jugular, after having received branches, which 
 correspond with those of the facial artery. It is 
 only in the latter part of its course that it is 
 called Facial Vein. Chaussier calls the external 
 carotid artery. Facial Artery. 
 
 FA'CIENT, faciens, 'making,' from /acto, 'I 
 make.' A suffix, as in Calefacient, Rubefacient, 
 &c., 'warm making,' 'red making.' 
 
 FACIES, Face — f. Cadaverica, see Face — f. 
 Concava pedis, Sole — f. Hippocratica, see Face — 
 f. Inferior pedis, Sole — f. Tortualis, see Face. 
 
 FACTIOE, Factitious. 
 
 FACTIT"IOUS, Factit"iua, (F.) Factice, from 
 facere, 'to make.' Artificial. That which is 
 made by art, in opposition to what is natural or 
 found already existing in nature. Thus, we say, 
 factitious mineral waters, for artificial mineral 
 waters. 
 
 FACULTAS, Faculty— f.Auctrix, Plastic force 
 — f. Formatrix, Plastic force — f. Nutrix, Plastic 
 force — f. Vegetativa, Plastic force — f. Zotica, Vis 
 vi talis. 
 
 FACULTATES NATURALES, see Function, 
 
 FACULTY, Facultas, Dy'namis, Power, Vir- 
 tue. The power of executing anj' function or act. 
 The collection of the intellectual facidties consti- 
 tutes the understanding. We say, also, vital fa- 
 cidties for vital properties, &c. 
 
 F^CAL, Stercoraceous — f. Retention, Consti- 
 pation. 
 
 F^CES, Plural of J'ffia:,- Feces, Chersa, 'the 
 dregs of any thing.' Fec'ulence, (F.) Feces. The 
 alvine evacuations are so called; (F.) Garderobes; 
 the excrements, Impurita'tes alvinm, FcBcal mat- 
 ter. See Excrement. 
 
 F^CES Indurate, Scybala, 
 
 F^COSITAS, Feculence. 
 
 FiECULA, Fecula. 
 
 FiECULENTIA, Feculence. 
 
 F^CUNDATIO, Fecundatio; 
 
 F^CUNDITAS, Fecundity. 
 
 F^X, Feculence. 
 
 FAGA'RA OCTAN'DRA, Elapih'rium tomen- 
 to'sum, Am'yri^ tomento'sum, from fagus, ' the 
 beech,' which it resembles. The systematic name 
 of the plant, which affords Tacamaha' ca, a resi- 
 nous substance, that exudes from the tree Taca- 
 mahaca, which has a fragrant, delightful smell, 
 was formerly in high estimation, as an ingredient 
 in warm, stimulating plasters, and was given in- 
 ternally, like the balsams generally. The East 
 India Tacamahac, Eal'samum Vir'ide, O'leurii 
 Mar'i(B, Bal'samum Cal'aba, Balsamum marias, 
 Batime vert, is yielded by Calophyl'lum inophyV- 
 lum seu Balsama'ria InophyVlum. 
 
 The name Tacamahac is also given to a resin 
 furnished by Pop'ulus balsamif era seu tacama- 
 ha'ca, which grows in the northern parts of Ame- 
 rica and Siberia. 
 
 Fagara Piperi'tA, (P.) Fagarier poivre; a 
 native of Japan, possesses the qualities of pepper, 
 and is used as such by the Japanese. It is, also, 
 employed as a rubefacient cataplasm. 
 
 FAGARAS'TRUM CAPEN'SE. A'at Ord. 
 Xanthoxyleffi. A South African plant, the fruit 
 of which is known to the Colonists as leild Car- 
 damom; and, on account of its aromatic quali- 
 ties, is prescribed in flatulency and paralysis. 
 
 FAGARIER POIVRE, Fagara octandria. 
 
 FAGOPYRUM, Polygonum fagopyrum. 
 
 FAGUS, F. sylvatica. 
 
 Fagus Casta'nea. The systematic name ot 
 the Chestnut Tree; Casta'nea, C. vidga'ris, Caa 
 ta'nea vcsca, Lo'pima, Mota, Glans Jovis Theo- 
 PHRASTI, Ju'piter's Acorn, Sardin'ian Acorn; the 
 Common Chestnut, (F.) Chatagnier commun. Fa- 
 mily, Amentacese. Sex. Syst. Mono?cia Poljau- 
 
FAIBLESSE 
 
 358 
 
 PALSIFICATION 
 
 rfria. The Chestnut, Casta'nea nnx, (F.) Cha- 
 taigne, is farinaceous and nutritious, but not easy 
 of digestion. 
 
 Fagus Castanea Pu'milA. The Chin'capin 
 or Chinquapin, Castanea Pumila, (F.) Ohataignier 
 iiain. The nut of this American tree is eaten 
 like the chestnut. The bark, Castanea, {Ph. U. 
 S.) has been used in intermittents. 
 
 Fagus Pueptjeea, F. sylvatica. 
 
 Fagus Stlvat'ica. The systematic name of 
 the Beech, Fagus, F. sylves'tria sen purpu'rea, 
 Oxya, Balan'da, Valan'ida; the Beech Tree, 
 (F.) Hetre. The Beech-nut or Beech-mast, (F.) 
 Faine, affords an oil, by expression, -which is of 
 a palatable character, and is eaten in some places 
 instead of butter. It has been supposed to be a 
 good vermifuge, but it is no better than any 
 mild oil. 
 
 Fagus Sylvestris, F. Sylvatica. 
 
 FAIBLESSE, Debility. 
 
 FAUI, Hunger — /. Canine, Boulimia — /. de 
 Loup, Fames lupina. 
 
 FAINE, see Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 FAINTING, Syncope. 
 
 FAINTING-FIT, Syncope. 
 
 FAINTISHNESS, see Syncope. 
 
 FAINTNESS, Languor, Syncope. 
 
 FAIRBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 mineral waters at this place, which is in the 
 county of Ross, in Scotland, are sulphureous, 
 and frequented. 
 
 FAISCEAU, Fasciculus — f. Intemidiaire de 
 Wrisberg, Portio Wrisbergii — /. Petit, Fasci- 
 culus. 
 
 FALCADINA, Scherlievo. 
 
 FAL'CIFORM, Fnlci/or'mia, Drepano'i'des, 
 from falx, ' a scythe,' and /o>-»!a, 'shape.' Having 
 the shape of a scythe. This term has been ap- 
 plied to different parts. See Falx, and Sinus. 
 
 Falciform Expansion of the Fascia Lata 
 is the scythe-shaped reflection of the fascia lata, 
 which forms, outwards and upwards, the opening 
 for the vena saphsena, and is attached to the 
 crural arch by its superior extremity, forming 
 the anterior paries of the canal of the same name. 
 
 FALLACIA, Hallucination. 
 
 Fallaoia Optica. An optic illusion. 
 
 FALLOPIAN TUBE, see Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 FALLTRANCK,Faltranck(G.), literally, 
 a drink against falls. A vulnerary. It is a 
 mixture of several aromatic and slightly astrin- 
 gent plants, which grow chiefly in the Swiss 
 Alps, and hence the name — Vidneraire Suisse — 
 given to such dried plants cut into fragments. 
 They are called, also, Especes Vnlneraires, and 
 The Suisse. Within the present century, in Eng- 
 land, a kind of vulnerary beer was often pre- 
 scribed, in country practice, in all cases of in- 
 ward bruises. It bore the name Cerevis'ia nigra, 
 or black beer, and was formed by infusing certain 
 reputed vulnerary herbs in beer or ale. 
 
 The infusion of the Falltranch is aromatic, and 
 slightly agreeable, but of no use in the cases for 
 which it has been particularly recommended. 
 
 FALMOUTH, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
 of Falmouth in Cornwall, England, resembles 
 that of Penzance : and, like it, is in many re- 
 spects, a favourable retreat for the phthisical 
 during the winter months. 
 
 FALSA VIA, False passage. 
 
 FALSE, Fcdsus,Nothus,Pgeudo, Spu'rious, Bas- 
 tard, (F.) Faux, Fausse. This epithet has been 
 frequently added to peripneumony, pleurisy, <fec., 
 to designate a disease similar to these, but less 
 severe. Most commonly, a severe catarrh or 
 pleurodynia has received the name. See Peri- 
 pneumonia notha. 
 
 False Passage, FalsaVia, (F .) Fausse Route. 
 An accidental passage, made in surgical opera- 
 tions, and particularly in introducing the cathe- 
 ter. The catheter is sometimes passed through 
 into the rectum. 
 
 False Waters, Hydrallan'te, False Delivei-y. 
 Water, which sometimes collects between the 
 amnion and chorion, and is commonly discharged 
 before the birth of the child. 
 
 We say, also, False Bibs, False Rhubarb, Ac 
 
 FALSETTO VOICE, see Voice. 
 
 FALSIFICA'TION, Adultera'tio, from falsus, 
 'false,' and /acere, 'to make.' A fraudulent imi- 
 tation or alteration of an aliment or medicine by 
 different admixtures. Manga'nium, Manganisa'- 
 tio. It is synonymous with adulteration and 
 sophistication. 
 
 TABLE OF COMMON FALSIFICATIONS OF SOME OF THE MOST USEFUL 
 
 DRUGS, &c. 
 
 Medicines. 
 
 Adulterations. 
 
 Mode of Detection. 
 
 ACACIiE GUMMI. 
 
 Acetum Destilla- 
 
 tum. 
 
 ACIDUM Muriati- 
 CUM. 
 
 NiTRICUM. 
 
 ■ Sulphur: 
 
 CiTRICUM. 
 
 C G. S. is clammy and tenacious. The A. G. 
 
 Gum Senegal \ perfectly soluble in water, and its solution 
 
 ( limpid. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid Acetate of barytes causes a white precipitate. 
 
 . . f By evaporating it, the residuum deflagrates, when 
 
 Jyitrtc Acid I thrown on burning charcoal. 
 
 „ f Supersaturate with ammonia — a blue colour 
 
 ^"PP'' 1 produced. 
 
 Lead Sulphuretted hydrogen causes a dark precipitate. 
 
 Deposites by evaporation the salts it may con- 
 tain ; precipitates with solution of bydroehlo 
 rate of baryta if it contains sulphuric acid, 
 f The presence of chlorine is indicated by a preci- 
 j pitate with nitrate of silver : that of sulphuric 
 acid by the same result with hydroehlorate of 
 [ baryta. 
 ■fj-.. . ( The presence of muriatic and nitric acid is indl 
 J\t ric ] gj^jg^ ijy ^jjg sujell, when the acid tested is 
 ( strongly heated. 
 Their presence is indicated by forming a grann 
 lar sediment in a concentrated solution of ( 
 neutrnl salt of potassa. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 3Iuriatic and Sulphuric 
 Acids. 
 
 3Iuriatic 
 Acids. 
 
 Tartaric 
 Acids. 
 
 and 
 
 id Oxalic 
 
FALSIFICATION 
 
 359 
 
 FALSIFICATION 
 
 Medicines. 
 
 Adulterations. 
 
 Mode op Detection. 
 
 JEthbr Rectifica 
 
 TUS. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia. 
 Ammonia Carro 
 
 NAS. 
 
 ■) Carhome Acid . 
 
 f^ 
 
 Ammoniactjm. 
 
 Ammonii Sulphube- 
 
 T0M. 
 
 Argenti Nitras. 
 
 Absbnicum Album. 
 Balsamum Peruvi- 
 
 ANUM. 
 
 Capsicum. 
 Cayenne Pepper. 
 
 Castoreum. 
 Cofitor. 
 
 Cera Flava. 
 Yellow Wax. 
 
 Cera Alba. 
 White Wax. 
 
 Cinchona. 
 Bark. 
 
 Coccus. 
 Cochineal, 
 
 COLOMBA. 
 
 Copaiba. 
 
 Balsam of Copaiva. 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Arsenic 
 
 Manganese and Iron. 
 
 Copper 
 
 Nitrate of Potassa. 
 
 Too dilute. The S. G. detects this. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid By acetate of baryta. Precipitate white. 
 
 Aj J 1 f With phosphorus a milky instead of limpid solu 
 
 ''°''° ' tion is formed. 
 
 A precipitation occurs on adding a solution oi 
 
 muriate of lime. 
 It should be capable of complete volatilization 
 by heat, 
 r The Guttcp, Ammoniaci are white, clear, and dry. 
 -! The lump Ammoniacum, lapis Ammoniaci, is often 
 ( adulterated with common resin. 
 It ought to be entirely volatilized by. a red heat 
 Imparts a foliated texture, and is not vaporizable 
 f A smell of garlic is emitted when thrown on live 
 I coals, &c. 
 Are not vaporizable. 
 
 ' The solution assumes a blue colour, when super 
 saturated with ammonia. It may be suspected 
 when the salt deliquesces, 
 ' The adulteration with nitrate of potassa is easily 
 recognized by the fracture of a stick of it, which 
 is radiated when pure, and granular if adulte 
 rated ; or by precipitating a solution of the 
 salts with a sufficient 'quantity of muriatic acid, 
 and evaporating the clear liquor : the nitrate 
 of potassa or other salts will remain. 
 . ' Chalk, Sulphate of Lime, ( j^^^ volatizable by heat. 
 biUphate of Baryta. { 
 A mixture of Resin and f 
 
 some Volatile Oil, with < Not easily detected. 
 Benzoin. ( 
 
 Chloride of Sodium This disposes it to deliquesce. 
 
 J { Digest in acetic acid, and add a solution of sul 
 
 1 Red Lead < phuret of ammonia — a dark-coloured precipi 
 
 ( ( tate will be produced. 
 
 (A mixture of dried blood, f 
 I ffum ammoniac, and a \ 
 
 little real castor, stuffed -j Smell and taste will generally detect the fraud. 
 into the scrotum of a 
 goat. y 
 
 Earth or Peasmeal ( ^^^^^^ suspected when the cake is brittle and 
 
 ( colour grayish. 
 Tf . f Put it in cold alcohol, which will dissolve the 
 
 I resin, without acting on the wax. 
 
 f Is known by the greater softness and unctuosity. 
 Tallow < and its smell when melted. Turmeric is gene- 
 
 ( rally added in this ease to obviate the paleness, 
 
 {White Lead Melt the wax, the oxide will subside. 
 Tallow The cake has not its ordinary translucency. 
 
 f This is variously adulte- ( „ ii_jii.ji ^- ■, 
 
 rated, but generally with ^^? ^''^^^^ ''®*''':*!<^ ^l practice, and examining 
 ' the Carthagena audi ''^^^ *^^ quantity of quinia or cinchonia it 
 
 other inferior barks. ' [^ 
 (Pieces of dough formed ( 
 < in moulds, and coloured -j Throw it into water, the adulteration will appear. 
 
 contains. 
 
 with cochineal. 
 
 
 Crocus. 
 Saffron. 
 
 r The true is distinguishable from the false Colomba 
 
 I by adding to an infusion of the root, a few drops 
 
 of solution of sulph. iron, which gives to the 
 
 infusion of the false Colomba a greenish black 
 
 colour; but produces no change in the other. 
 
 If it does not retain its spherical form when dropped 
 
 into water, its adulteration may be inferred. 
 Mix one part of strong liquid ammonia of 22°, 
 with three parts of copaiba. If pure, the mix- 
 ture will, in a few minutes, become transparent; 
 if not, it will remain opake. 
 Affords an unpleasant odour when thrown oni 
 live coals. 
 
 Petals of the Calendula ( -r j> i.-, • • -l ,. ^ ■, ^i i-n- 
 
 ^■a; ■ T J n t-L ) Infuse the specimen in hot water, and the diffe- 
 ojficrnahs, and Cartha- i .,,K ^.,, ' 
 
 rp- 1 ■ rence will be perceptible. 
 
 mus linctorius. [^ i tf 
 
 -I Oil 
 
 Fibres of smoked Beef . 
 
FALSIFICATION 
 
 360 
 
 FALSIFICATION 
 
 Medicines. 
 
 Adulterations. 
 
 Mode of Deteotiok. 
 
 CuBEBA f ^'""^^y Yellow Berries, f 
 
 Cubeba ' 1 '^^ dried fruit of the i Detected by attentive examination. 
 
 (^ Mhamnus Catharticua. (_ 
 CusPAEi^ Cortex. { Falae Angustura aome- i '^^.^ epidermis of the true Cusparia is charaeter- 
 Angustura Bark. 1 timea sold for it. 1 ized by being covered with a matter resembling 
 
 (.•'(_ the rust of iron. 
 
 f Common Pesin I Detected by the turpentine smell emitted -when 
 
 GuAiAci Resina. J ' ' I . thrown upon hot coals. 
 
 Resin of Guaiacum. ] -.r t • j ^ 
 
 ■^ Jianchmeel Gum . . 
 
 1. ( tated 
 
 r Add to the tincture a few drops of spirit of nitre. 
 < and dilute with water ; the guaicum is preeipi- 
 ( tated — the adulteration floats in the white striae. 
 
 Hydraegyri Chlo- 
 
 EiDUM Mite. 
 Calomel. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxi- 
 
 DUM RuBRmr. 
 Bed Precipitate. 
 
 Hydrargyri Sul- 
 phuretum Rdbrum " 
 
 Hydrargyri Sul- r -my 
 phuretumNigrdm. 1 ^'""'^ ^^"''^ 
 
 Iodine. 
 
 Jalaps Radix. 
 Jalap Root. 
 
 Magnesia. 
 
 Magnesia Subcar- 
 
 BONAS. 
 
 Carbonate of Magne- 
 sia. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate, and 
 Subnitrate of 'Bismuth. 
 
 Red Lead . 
 Red Lead 
 
 Plximbago, Charcoal, and 
 Oxide of Manganese. 
 
 Bryony Root, spurious or 
 < false Jalap Root, and 
 Liquorice Root. 
 
 Lime 
 
 Sulphuret of Lime . 
 I Chalk , 
 
 Manka. 
 
 Gypsum 
 
 f A factitious article, con- 
 I siating of honey or 
 sugar, mixed with scam- 
 mony, is sometimes sold 
 for it. 
 
 Morphia et ejus 
 
 Sales. 
 Morphia and its 
 
 Salts. 
 
 MOSCBUS. 
 
 Mush 
 
 Olea Destillata. 
 Eoaential Oils. 
 
 'Oleum Ricinl 
 iCastor Oil, 
 
 A precipitation will be produced by the carbonate 
 of potass, from a solution made by boiling the 
 suspected sample with a small portion of mu- 
 riate of ammonia in distilled water; or, the 
 presence of deuto-chloride of mercury is indi- 
 cated, by warming gently a small quantity of 
 calomel in alcohol, filtering and adding to the 
 clear liquor some lime-water, by which a red- 
 dish yellow precipitate is afforded. When 
 calomel is rubbed with a fixed alkali, it ought 
 to become intensely black, and not exhibit any 
 orange hue. 
 
 Digest in acetic acid : add sulphuret of ammonia, 
 which will produce a dark coloured precipitate. 
 It should be totally volatilized by heat. 
 
 Digest in acetic acid, and add sulphuret of am- 
 monia — a black precipitate will be produced. 
 
 Throw a suspected portion on hot coals — the re- 
 siduum will detect the fraud. 
 
 The tests of its purity are — that it is perfectly 
 soluble in ether. Heated on a piece of glass or 
 porcelain, it sublimes without residuum. 
 Bryony root is of a paler colour, and less compact 
 texture, and does not easily burn at the flame 
 of a candle. Liquorice is detected by the taste. 
 
 f Detected by the solution in dilute sulphuric acid 
 
 I affording a precipitate with oxalate of ammonia. 
 
 I Gives off when moistened, the smell of sulphu- 
 
 ( retted hydrogen. 
 Detected by adding dilute sulphuric acid to the 
 suspected substance, when, if chalk be present, 
 there will be a white insoluble precipitate. 
 
 f Boil in distilled water, and test the solution by a 
 
 I barytic and oxalic reagent. 
 
 j The colour, weight, transparency and taste detect 
 it. 
 
 Dried Blood. 
 
 Asphaltum 
 
 Fine particles of Lead . . 
 I Fixed Oils 
 
 Alcohol 
 
 Olive cyt Almond or Pop- 
 py Oil. 
 
 'Morphia and its salts, when placed in contact 
 with nitric acid, are coloured red ; with per- 
 salts of iron, blue. They are perfe;:-tly soluble 
 in warm alcohol, and acidulated warm water. 
 When morphia is mixed with narcotina, the 
 adulteration is ascertained by mixing them with 
 sulphuric ether, which dissolves the narcotina, 
 without sensibly affecting the morphia. 
 
 The bag must not appear to have been opened. 
 
 This may be suspected, if it emits a fetid smoke 
 when inflamed. 
 
 Discovered by its melting and running, before it 
 inflames. 
 
 Rub with water. The metallicparticles will subside. 
 
 Touch writing paper with it, and hold it before 
 the fire : fixed oil leaves a stain of grease. 
 
 Add water. A milkiness and increase of tempe- 
 rature occurs. 
 
 Alcohol S. G-. •S20 will mix with any proportion 
 of castor oil, whilst it dissolves very little of 
 the others. 
 
FALTRANCK 
 
 361 
 
 FAECTURA 
 
 Medicines. 
 
 Adulterations. 
 
 Mode op Detection. 
 
 Ophtm. 
 
 PoTASSn lODIDUM. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 ilannite. 
 
 Quini^ Sulphas. 
 Sulphate of Quinia. 
 
 Strychnia et ejus f 
 
 Sales. 
 Strychnia and its ' 
 
 Salts. y 
 
 ZiNCI OxTDUM. f Chalk 
 
 Flowers of Zinc. \ White Lead . 
 
 Extract of Liquorice, 
 Bullets and Stones 
 sometimes in it ; Ex- 
 tract of Poppy, of Che- 
 lidonium majus ; G. 
 Arabic, G. Tragdcanth, 
 Linseed Oil, Cow's 
 Dung. 
 
 Chlorides of Potassium 
 and Sodium, Nitrate of 
 Potassa. 
 
 Brucia' 
 
 The best opium is covered with leaves and the 
 reddish capsules of a species of Eumex. The 
 inferior kinds have capsules adherent. It is bad 
 ■when soft and friable, when intensely black or 
 mixed with many impurities, and when sweet, 
 The quantity of morphia affords the best test. 
 
 ■ The adulteration is ascertained by precipitating a 
 solution of the salt with nitrate of silver, and 
 treating the precipitate with ammonia, which 
 dissolves the chloride of silver, without acting 
 upon the iodide of this metal. 
 
 ' Leaves no residue when submitted to calcination : 
 is perfectly soluble in warm alcohol, and in 
 water slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid 
 
 They are free from brucia when no colour is pro- 
 duced by contact with nitric acid. 
 
 Sulphuric acid excites an effervescence. 
 Sulphuric acid forms an insoluble sulphate of lead, 
 
 PALTRANCE, Falltranck. 
 
 FALX. Anatomists have given this name to 
 several membranous reflections having the shape 
 of a falx or scythe. 
 
 Falx Cerebel'li, (F.) Fanx du cervelet, Falx 
 minor. Septum median du cervelet (Ch.,) Septum 
 Cerehel'li, Proces' sus falcifor'mi-s Cerebel'li, Sep- 
 tum Parvum occipita'le, is a triangular process 
 of the dura mater opposite the internal occipital 
 protuberance. Its base is attached to the middle 
 of the tentorium, and its top or apex bifurcates, 
 to proceed to the sides of the foramen magnum. 
 Its convex surface is towards the cranium, and 
 its concave in the fissure or groove, which sepa- 
 rates the two lobes of the cerebellum. 
 
 Falx Cer'ebri, Septum Cerebri, Falx major, 
 Ver'tical supe'rior longitu'dinal proc"ess, Jfedia- 
 sti'num cerebri, (F.) Faux du cerveau, Repili longi- 
 tudinal de la meninge, (Ch.,) Proces'sus falcifor- 
 mis durcB matris. The greatest process of the 
 dura mater. It extends from the fore to the hind 
 part of the skull, on the median line ; is broad 
 behind, and narrow before, and is lodged in the 
 groove which separates the hemispheres from 
 each other — the interlobular fissure. At its supe- 
 rior part is situated the longitudinal finus (supe- 
 rior,) and at its lower, corresponding to the edge 
 of the scythe, the inferior longitudinal sinus. Its 
 anterior extremity is attached to the crista galli; 
 its posterior is continuous with the tentorium ce- 
 rebelli, and contains the straight sinus. 
 
 Falx Major, Falx cerebri — f. Minor, Falx 
 cerebelli. 
 
 Falx op the Peritoneum, Great, Falx peri- 
 tone'i max'ima, (F.) Grande faux du peritoine. 
 Faux de la Veine Ombilicale, Falx of the umbi- 
 lical vein, is a reflection of the peritoneum, which 
 ascends from the umbilicus to the anterior and 
 inferior surface of the liver. 
 
 Falces of the Peritone'um, Lesser, Falces 
 Peritone'i min'imcB, (F.) Petitesfaux du. peritoine, 
 are the lateral ligaments of the liver and the re- 
 flections which the peritoneum forms, raised up 
 by the umbilical arteries. 
 
 Falx of the Umbilical Vein, Falx, great, 
 of the Peritoneum. 
 
 FAMEL'ICA FEBRIS, frora. fames, 'hunger.' 
 Fever accompanied with insatiable hunger. — 
 Sylvius. 
 
 FAMELICUS, Hungry. 
 
 FAMES, Hunger — f. Bovina, Boulimia — £ 
 Canina, Boulimia. 
 
 Fames Lupi'na, Lycorex'is, (F.) Faim de Loup. 
 Authors have described, under this name, a kind 
 of boulimia, or depravation of the digestive func- 
 tion, in which the patient eats voraciously, and 
 passes his food, almost immediately afterwards, 
 per anum. 
 
 FAMEX, Contusio. 
 
 FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM EMPLAS'TRUM, 
 from fama, ' fame,' and gero, ' I wear.' A plaster^ 
 extolled in ague, and made of aromatic, irritating 
 substances. It was applied to the wrist. 
 
 FAMILIARICA SELLA, Close stool. 
 
 FAMILY DISEASES, see Hereditary, 
 
 FAMIS, Contusio. 
 
 FAMIX, Contusio. 
 
 FANCULUM, Anethum. 
 
 FANCY MARK, Ncevus. 
 
 FANG, Radix. 
 
 FANON (E.) from (G.) Fahne, 'a banner,' 
 'ensign,' 'standard.' Fer'ula, Lec'tulvs stra- 
 min'eus, Thor'ulus stramiu'eus. A splint of a 
 particular shape, employed in fractures of tho 
 thigh and leg to keep the bones in contact. 
 
 The Fanons were divided into true and false. 
 
 The true consists of a cylinder of straw, strongly 
 surrounded with a cord or riband, in the centre 
 of which a stick is usually placed to ensure its 
 solidity. The false consists of a thick piece of 
 linen, made flat like a compress, and folded at 
 the extremities. It was placed between the frac- 
 tured limb and the true /ano«. The Drapfanon 
 is a large piece of common cloth placed between 
 the fractured limb, in which the fanons or lateral 
 splints are rolled. 
 
 FANTOM, Phantom, from (pavraa/ja, 'a spectre.' 
 (F.) Phantome, Fantome, Mannequin, iFan'nehin, 
 This word has two acceptations. It means the 
 spectres and images which the imagination pre- 
 sents to the sick, when asleep or awake; and, 
 also, the figure on which surgeons practise tho 
 application of bandages, or the accoucheur the 
 manual part of midwifery, — Phanto'ma obstet- 
 ric" ium. 
 
 FARCIMINALIS MEMBRANA seu TU- 
 NICA, Allantois. 
 
 FARCINOMA, Equinia. 
 
 FARCTU'RA, Fartu'ra; from farcire, 'to 
 stuff.' The operation of introducing medicimil 
 
FARCTUS 
 
 362 
 
 FASCIA 
 
 E-utstances into the cavities of animals or of 
 fruits, whicli have been previously emptied. 
 
 FARCTUS, Emphraxis 
 
 FARCY GLANDERS, scr Equinia. 
 
 FARD, Paint. 
 
 FARDEAU, Mole. 
 
 FARFARA, Tussilago— f. Bechium, Tussilago. 
 
 FARI'l^A, Al'jjfiiton, Crimnon, Al'eton, Aleu'- 
 ron, Ale' ma, from/ar, ' corn,' of which it is made. 
 Mtal or fiour. The powder, obtained by grind- 
 ing the seeds of the gramineous, leguminous, and 
 rjucurbitaceous plants in particular. It is highly 
 nutritious, and is much used, dietetically as well 
 as medicinally. 
 
 Leath's Alirnen' tary Fari'na, or Homoppath'ic 
 Fartna'ceous Food, is said to consist principally 
 of wheat flour, slightly baked, and sweetened 
 with sugar, together with potato flour and a very 
 small quantity of Indian corn meal and tapioca. 
 
 Farina Amygdalarum, see Amygdala. 
 
 Farixa, Compounded, Raster's, is said to 
 consist of wheat flour, sweetened with sugar. 
 
 Farina, Nutritious, Maidman's, is said to 
 consist of potato flour, artificially coloured of a 
 pink or rosy hue, the colouring matter being pro- 
 bably rose pink. 
 
 Farina Trit'ici, wheaten flour; F. Seca'lis, 
 Eye flour or meal; F. Hordei, Barley meal; F. 
 Avena'cea, Oat meal, &c. See Amylum. 
 
 FariNjE Resolvent'es, (F.) Farines Resolu- 
 tives. This name was formerly given to a mix- 
 ture of the farina of four difi'erent plants ; the 
 lupine, Lupinus alhus, the Ervum Ervilia, the 
 Viciafaba, and the Barley, Hordeum disticJium. 
 They were recommended to form cataplasms. 
 
 F A R I N A' C E U S, Farina' oeus, Farino'sus, 
 (F.) Farineux, Mealy. Having the appearance 
 or nature of farina. A term given to all articles 
 of food which contain farina. The term Farina- 
 cea includes all those substances, called cerealia, 
 legumina, &c., which contain farina, and are em- 
 ployed as nutriment. 
 
 Hard's farinaceous food is fine wheat flour, 
 which has been subjected to some heating process. 
 Uraden's farinaceous food is said to be wheat 
 flour, baked. 
 
 In Pathology, the epithet /a rjnaceow?, ['E.) fa- 
 rineux, is applied to certain eruptions, in which 
 the epidermis exfoliates in small particles similar 
 to farina. 
 
 Farinaceous Food, Braden's, see Farina- 
 ceous — f Food, Hard's, see Farinaceous — f. Food, 
 Homoeopathic, see Farinaceous. 
 
 Farinaceous Food, Plumbe's, is said to con- 
 sist principally of bean or pea flour, most pro- 
 bably the former, with a little Tacca arrowroot, 
 some potato flour, and a very little Maranta 
 arrowroot. 
 
 Farinaceous Food, Prince Albert's, "for 
 infants and invalids of all ages," is said to con- 
 sist entirely of wheat flour, slightly baked. 
 
 FARINARIUM, Alica. 
 
 FARINES RESOLUTIVES, Farinse resol- 
 ventes. 
 
 FARTNEUX, Farinaceous. 
 
 FARINOSUS, Farinaceous. 
 
 FARRIER, Hippiater. 
 
 FART, Sax. ITapC, from Teut. fahren, 'to go :' 
 — fart, 'a voyage.' (G.) Furz. Bdi.llns, Bdolna, 
 Bdelyg'mia, Bdelyg'riius, Porda, Physa, Physe, 
 Flatus, Crcp'itus, (F.) ^et. A sonorous or other 
 discharge of wind from Dehind. A low word, 
 but of respectable parentage. 
 
 FARTURA, Farctura. 
 
 FAE,TUS, Emphraxis. 
 
 FAS'CIA, from fascit, 'a bundle.' Liga'tio, 
 higatu'ra, Alligatu'ra, Anades'mus, Yin'cula, 
 Spar' ganon, Epides'mos, Vinctu'ra. A bandage, 
 
 fillet, roller, ligature. The aponeurotic expan- 
 sions of muscles, which bind parts together, are, 
 likewise, termed Fascite : — Apjoneuroses, Peri- 
 mys'ia. See, also, Tasnia. 
 
 Fascia Aponeurotica Femoris, Fascia lata 
 aponeurosis — f. Capitalis, Bonnet d'Uippocrate, 
 Capelina — f. Capitis, Diadema — f. Cooperi, F. 
 Transversalis. 
 
 Fascia, Crie'riforji, Fascia Crihrifor'mis. 
 The sieve-like portion of the fascia lata; so called 
 from its being pierced by numerous openings for 
 the passage of lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Fascia Denta'ta, Corpis godronn6 of Vic(i 
 d'Azyr. A band of gray matter seen beneath 
 the taenia hippocampi on raising it up, which 
 runs along the inner border of the cornu ammonip. 
 It is, as it were, crenated by transverse furrows. 
 
 Fascia Digitalis, Gantelet — f. Diophthalmica, 
 Binoculus — f. Dividens, Dividing bandage — f. 
 Heliodori, T bandage. 
 
 Fascia Ili'aca, Il'iac aponeuro'sis. An apo- 
 neurosis which proceeds from the tendon of the 
 psoas minor, or which arises from the anterior 
 surface of the psoas magnus, when the former 
 muscle does not exist. It is attached, externally, 
 to the inner edge of the crest of the ilium, below, 
 and anteriorly — on one side, to the crural arch, 
 sending an expansion to the fascia transversalis; 
 and on the other, continuous with the deep- 
 seated lamina of the fascia lata, which forms the 
 posterior paries of the crural canal. Within and 
 behind, the fascia iliaca is attached to the brim 
 of the pelvis, and is continuous with the aponeu- 
 rosis, which M. Jules Cloquet has called Pe?t.-iaji. 
 The iliac aponeurosis covers the iliac and psoas 
 muscles, which it separates from the peritoneum. 
 
 Fascia Inguinalis, Spica. 
 
 Fascia Lata. A name given by anatomists 
 to an aponeurosis, and to a muscle. 
 
 Fascia Lata Aponeurosis, Fascia aponeu- 
 rot'ica fem'oris, Vagi'na fem'oris. Crural or 
 Fern' oral Aponeurosis, is the most extensive in 
 the body, and envelopes all the muscles of the 
 thigh. Ahove, it is attached to the outer edge of 
 the ilia ; before, it arises from the crural arch by 
 two distinct laminae, separated by the femoral 
 vessels, and becoming confounded a little below 
 the part where the great vena saphasna opens 
 into the crural vein. Of these two lamina), the 
 one is more anterior and thicker than the other, 
 and may be considered as a prolongation of the 
 aponeurosis of the external oblique. It is inti- 
 mately united to Poupart's ligament. The other, 
 which is thinner, is behind, and deeper seated, 
 and, after its union with the former, proceeds to 
 be inserted into the pubis. Inferiorly, the fascia 
 lata becomes confounded with the tendon of the 
 triceps, and is attached to the external tuberosity 
 of the tibia. The use of the fascia lata, like that 
 of other aponeuroses, is to strengthen the action 
 of the muscles, &c. 
 
 Fascia Lata Muscle, Tensor vagi'nm fem'o- 
 ris,Fa8cia'lis, Jfembrano'sus, Jfus'cnlus aponcuro'- 
 sis vel fascicB lata, Sfus' cuius fem'oris membrano'- 
 sus, (F.) llio-aponevrosi-femoral, Ilio-aponevroti- 
 femoral — (Ch.), Tenseur de V aponevrose femorale. 
 A muscle, situate at the upper and outer part of 
 the thigh. It arises, above, from the outer part 
 of the anterior and superior spine of the ilium; 
 and is inserted, below, between the two lamina9 
 of the fascia lata, which it stretches and raises 
 when it contracts. 
 
 Fascia, Obturator, see Pelvic aponeuroses — 
 f. Pelvic, Internal, see Pelvic aponeuroses — f. 
 Pelvic, Lateral, see Pelvic aponeuroses — f. Pel- 
 vic, Superior, see Pelvic aponeuroses. 
 
 Fascia Pro'pria. A layer of areolar tissue 
 derived from the sheath of the femoral vessels, — 
 
FASCIA 
 
 363 
 
 FATTY 
 
 or according to some from the cribriform fascia. 
 It is one of the coverings of femoral hernia, and 
 is generally pretty dense about the neck of the 
 hernia ; but thin or even wanting on its fundus. 
 
 Fascia Repens, Spica — f. Scapularis, Scapu- 
 lary — f. Sculteti, Bandage of separate strips — f. 
 Semicircularis, Ttenia semicircularis — f. Spiralis, 
 Aseia — f. Stellata, Stella — f. Submuscular, see 
 Vaginal, (of the eye.) 
 
 Fascia, Subperitone'al, Suhperitone' al apo- 
 neuro'sis. A thin tendinous layer on the outer 
 surface of the peritoneum. 
 
 Fascia Superficia'lis, Superficial aponeuro'- 
 eis of the abdomen and thigh, (F.) Aponevrose su- 
 perficielle de I'ahdomcn et de la cuisse. A very 
 thin aponeurosis, which covers the muscles and 
 aponeuroses of the abdomen ; passes before the 
 crural arch, to which it adheres with some degree 
 of force; sends a membranous sheath, which sur- 
 rounds the spermatic cord ; and is continuous 
 with the dartos, which it assists in forming. The 
 fascia superficialis presents, beneath the crural 
 arch, very distinct fibres, whose direction is pa- 
 rallel to the fold of the thigh. It is applied over 
 the fascia lata aponeurosis, and is attached, inter- 
 nally, to the ascending ramus of the ischium, near 
 the root of the corpus cavernosum. Before the 
 descent of the testicle from the abdomen, the 
 fascia superficialis is very manifestly continuous 
 with the Gubernaculum testis. 
 
 Fascia Tformis, T bandage — f. Tortilis, Tour- 
 niquet. 
 
 Fascia Trajtsversa'lis, F. Cooperi. An apo- 
 neurosis, which separates the transversalis mus- 
 cle from the peritoneum in the inguinal region. 
 It arises above the posterior edge of the crural 
 arch, where it seems to be continuous with the 
 aponeurosis of the greater oblique muscle. Above, 
 it is lost in the areolar tissue at the internal sur- 
 face of the transversalis abdominis. Within, it is 
 continuous with the outer edge of the tendon of 
 the rectus muscle and Gimbernat's ligament; be- 
 low, it is continuous with the aponeurosis of the 
 greater oblique, and receives an expansion from 
 the Fascia Iliaca. Towards its middle and a little 
 above the crural arch, the fascia transversalis has 
 the wide orifice of a canal, which is occupied, in 
 the female, by the round ligament of the uterus; 
 and, in man, furnishes an expansion, that serves 
 as a sheath to the spermatic vessels. 
 
 FASCIA, Swathing clothes — f. Ligamentosse 
 Coli, see Colon. 
 
 FASCIALIS, Fascia lata muscle, Sartorius — f. 
 Longus, Sartorius — f. Sutorius, Sartorius. 
 
 FASCIARUM APPLICATIO, Deligation. 
 
 FASCIATIO, Deligation, see Bandage— f. Cu- 
 CuUata, Couvreehef. 
 
 FASCICULI INNOMINA'TI. Two large 
 bundles of fibres in the interior of the medulla 
 oblongata, behind the corpora olivaria, and more 
 or less apparent between those bodies and the 
 corpora restiformia. They ascend, and become 
 apparent in the fourth ventricle, under the name 
 Fascic'uli seu Proces'sua ter'etes. 
 
 Fasciculi, Median Posterior, of the Me- 
 dulla Oblongata, Funiculi graciles — f. Muscu- 
 lorum, see Muscular fibre — f. Pyramidales, Fer- 
 rein, pyramids of — f. Teretes, Processus teretes, 
 see Fasciculi innominati — f. Teretes Cordis, Co- 
 lumns earnese. 
 
 FASCICULUS, Phacel'lua, Pha'celua, Faa'- 
 ciele, from /asci's, 'a bundle;' Desme'dion, 'a 
 small bundle.' In Anatomy, it is employed in 
 this sense: as " a fasciculus of fibres." (F.) Fais- 
 ce.au ou Petit Fuisceau, Trousseau. In Phar- 
 macy, it means manip'nlus, Cheirople'thea, x^'P"- 
 vXri&tis, 'a handful:' — Musa Brassavolus says, — 
 as much as can be held in two fingers. 
 
 Fasciculus Cuneatus, Reinforcement, fascicu- 
 lus of — f. of Reinforcement, Reinforcement, F. of. 
 
 FASCINOSUS, Membrosus. 
 
 FASCINUM, Penis. 
 
 FASCIOLA, Bandelette—f. Cinerea, Tubercu- 
 lum cinereum — f. Hepatica, Distoma hepaticum 
 — f. Humana, Distoma hepaticum — f. Lauceolata, 
 Distoma hepaticum. 
 
 FASELUS, Phaseolus vulgaris. 
 
 FASTID'IUM, abridged from fatis tadium. 
 Fastidiousness, Squeamishness, or the condition 
 of a stomach that is readily affected with nausea. 
 
 Fastidium Cibi, Asitia, Disgust. 
 
 FASTIGIUM, Acme. 
 
 FASTING, from Sax. pcEf ran, Limo'sis expera 
 protrac'ta, Anorex'ia mirab'ilis, Ine'dia, Jeju'- 
 nium. Loss or want of appetite, without any 
 other apparent affection of the stomach; so that 
 the system can sustain almost total abstinence 
 for a long time without faintness. Some won- 
 derful cases of this kind are on record. See Ab- 
 stinence. 
 
 FAT, Pingue'do, Pim'ele, Piar, Piei'ron, Li- 
 pos, Stear, Adeps, Sevum, Sebum, Corpus adipo'- 
 aum, Axun'gia, Fat, (F.) Graisse : from 6. and 
 A. S. Fett. A soft, white, animal substance; 
 inodorous; insipid; oily; inflammable, easy to 
 melt; spoiling in the air, and becoming rancid 
 by union with oxygen : almost insoluble in alco- 
 hol; insoluble in water; soluble in fixed oils. 
 Fatis formed of the immediate principles, stearin, 
 margarin and olein, all of which are regarded as 
 salts composed of stearic, margaric and oleic 
 acids, and a common base, to which, from its 
 sweetish taste, the name Glyc"erin has been 
 given. To these are, almost alwaj's, joined an 
 odorous and a colouring principle. Gl3'cerin, Gly- 
 ceri'na, has been introduced into the last edition 
 of the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S. (ISol), in which 
 it is directed to be prepared as follows: — Lead 
 plaster, recently prepared and yet fluid; boiling 
 water, of each a gallon; mix : stir briskly for 15 
 minutes ; allow it to cool and pour off the liquid. 
 Evaporate until it has the s. g. 1.15, and pass 
 slowly through it a current of sulpho-hydric acid 
 until a black precipitate is no longer thrown 
 down. Filter and boil until the sulpho-hydric 
 acid is driven off, and evaporate the liquid until 
 it ceases to lose weight. Glycerin is a colourless 
 or straw-coloured syrupy fluid; s. g. 1.25. It is 
 soluble in water and in alcohol, but not in ether. 
 It is used in the form of lotion, composed of half 
 an ounce to ten fluidounces of water, in cutaneous 
 diseases, as psoriasis, pityriasis, lepra and ichthj^- 
 osis. It forms a kind of varnish, and might be 
 useful in cases of burns. 
 
 Fat is found in a number of animal tissues, and 
 is very abundant in the neighbourhood of the 
 kidneys and in the ejDiploon. It is generally fluid 
 in the cetacea; soft, and of a strong smell in the 
 carnivora ; solid, and inodorous in the ruminat- 
 ing animal; white, and abundant in young ani- 
 mals; and yellowish in old. It generally forma 
 about a twentieth part of the weight of the human 
 body. The fat, considered phj-siologically, has, 
 for its function, to protect the organs ; maintain 
 their temperature ; and to serve for c.utrition in 
 case of need ; as is observed in torpid animals. 
 
 Fat, Corpulent — f. Cells, Fatty vesicles — £ 
 Mackaw, see Cocos butyracea. 
 
 FATIGATIO, Copos. 
 
 FATIGUE, Copos. 
 
 FATTY, Adipo'sus, Adipa'tus, Pimel'iciis, Pi- 
 melo'des. Sax. paet; past participle ofpeban, to 
 feed, Ad'ipous, Pinguid, Pingvid'inovs. Rela- 
 ting to fat. Resembling or containing fat. The 
 cellular membrane has been called /affy or adi- 
 poua; from an opinion that, in its areolee, the fat \i 
 
FATUITAS 
 
 564 
 
 PEBRIS 
 
 deposited. The areolar memlDrane, however, 
 merely lodges, between its lamelliB and filaments, 
 the vesicles in which the fat is contained. 
 
 Fatty Lig'ament, Ad'ipous ligament. This 
 name has been given to a reflection of the syno- 
 vial membrane of the knee joint, which passes 
 from the ligamentum patellae towards the cavity 
 that separates the condyles of the femur. 
 
 Fatty Membrane, Adipous memhrane, Adi- 
 poiis tissue. The subcutaneous areolar tissue, or 
 that containing the fatty or adipous vesicles. 
 
 Fatty Ves'icles, Adipous vesicles, Sac'cnli 
 adipo'si, Fat cells. This name is given to small 
 bursEe or membranous vesicles which enclose the 
 fat, and are found situate in the areolae of the 
 areolar tissue. These vesicles vary much in 
 size. Generally, they are round and globular ; 
 and, in certain subjects, receive vessels which are 
 very apparent. They form so many small sacs 
 without apertures, in the interior of which are 
 filaments arranged lilce septa. In fatty subjects, 
 the adipous vesicles are very perceptible, being 
 attached to the areolar tissue and neighbouring 
 parts by a vascular pedicle. Raspail affirms that 
 there is the most striking analogy between the 
 nature of the adipose granules and that of the 
 amylaceous grains. 
 
 Fatty Vessels, Adipous vessels. The vessels 
 connected with the fat. Some anatomists have 
 called Adipous canals, (F.) Conduits adipeux, the 
 vessels to which they attribute the secretion of fat. 
 Fatty Degeneration of the Liver, Adiposis 
 hepatica — f. Liver, Adiposis hepatica. 
 
 FATU'ITAS, Moro'sis, Stultif'ia, Stupor men- 
 tis. Amen' tia ; {rom fatuus, 'foolish.' Mental 
 imbecility. Idiotism. Dementia. One affected 
 with fatuity is said to be fat' nous. 
 FATUOUS, see Fatuity. 
 FAUCES, Isthmus, Pharynx, Throat. 
 FAUCETTE VOICE, see Voice. 
 FAUNO'RUM LUDIB'RIA. The sports of 
 the Fauni. Some authors have called thus the 
 incubus ; others, epilepsy. 
 FAUSSE, False. 
 
 FAUSSE COUGHE{¥.), Vanum partu'rium. 
 Some authors have used this term for the expul- 
 sion of different bodies constituting false concep- 
 tions ; such as moles, hydatids, clots of blood, 
 Ac. Most accoucheurs use the term synony- 
 mouslv with abortion, 
 
 FAUSSE POSITION (F.), False position. 
 The French use this term, in vulgar language, to 
 indicate any attitude in which torpor, tingling, 
 and loss of power over the motion of a part, are 
 produced by too strong contraction or painful 
 compression. 
 
 FAUSSE ROUTE, False passage. 
 FAUSTI'NI PASTIL'LI, Faustinm's Lo- 
 zenges. These were once celebrated. They were 
 composed of bu7-nt paper, auiclelime, oxide of ar- 
 senic, sandarach, lentiL, &c. 
 
 FA UX, False — /. du Oervean, Falx cerebri — 
 /. du Cervelet, Falx cerebelli — f. Grande du pe- 
 ritoine, Falx, great, of the peritoneum — f. Petite 
 du peritoine, Falx, lesser, of the peritoneum — f 
 de la Veine ombilicale, Falx, great, of the perito- 
 neum. 
 
 FA VEUX, Favosus. 
 FAVIFORMIS, Favosus. 
 FAVO'SUS. Similar to a honeycomb. Favi- 
 form'is, Favous, from favue, cerion, ' a honey- 
 comb.' (F.) Faveux. An epithet given to a spe- 
 cies of porrigo. Cerion, Favus ,• means also a 
 state of ulceration, resembling a honeycomb. 
 
 FA'VULUS ; diminutive of favus, ' a honey- 
 comb.' Favuli is used by Dr. Morton, of Phila- 
 delphia, for the honeycomb-like depressions in the 
 lining membrane of the stomach — the stomach- 
 u^Ua of Messrs. Todd and Bowmaa. 
 
 FAVUS, Porrigo, Porrigo favosa, see Favosus. 
 
 FEATHERFEW, Matricaria. 
 
 FEBRICITANS, Feh'riens, Enip'yros. One 
 attacked with fever ; from fehricitare, ' to have a 
 fever.' 
 
 FEBRICITATIO, Feverishness. 
 
 FEBRIOOSUS, Feverish. 
 
 FEBRIC'ULA, Fe'veret. Diminutive of fe- 
 hris, 'fever.' A term employed to express a 
 slight degree of fever. Ephemera. 
 
 FEBRICULOSITY, Feverishness. 
 
 FEBRIENS, Febricitans, Feverish. 
 
 FEBRIFACIENT, see Feverish. 
 
 PEBRIF'EROUS, Feh'rifer, from fehris, 'fe- 
 ver,' and fero, 'I carry.' Fever-bearing, as a 
 fehriferous locality. 
 
 FEBRIFIC, see Feverish. 
 
 FEB'RIFUGE, Lexiptyret'icus, Zexipyr'ctits, 
 Pyret'ieus, Alexipyret'icus, Antifebri'lis, Antipy- 
 ret'ie, Febrif'ugus, from fehris, ' a fever,' and 
 fugare, ' to drive away.' A medicine which pos- 
 sesses the property of abating or driving away 
 fever. 
 
 FEBRIFUGUM LIGNUM, Quassia. 
 
 FE'BRILE, febri'lis. Relating to fever, as 
 febrile movement, febrile pidse, &c. 
 
 FEBRIS, Fever — f. Acmastica, Synocha — f. 
 Acuta, Synocha — f. Acuta continua, Synocha — f. 
 Adeno-meningea, Fever, adeno-meningeal — f. 
 Adeno-nervosa, Plague — f. Africana, Fever, Afri- 
 can — f. Agrypnodes, see Agrypnodes and Agryp- 
 nos — f. Alba, Chlorosis — f. Algida, see Algidus — 
 f. Amatoria, Chlorosis, Hectic fever — f. Ame- 
 ricana, Fever, yellow — f. Amphemera, Quotidian 
 
 — f. Amphimerina hectica. Hectic fever — f. Am- 
 phimerina latica, Latica (fehris) — f. Ampullosa, 
 Pemphigus — f. Anabatica, Continued fever — f. 
 Angiotenica, Synocha — f. Anginosa, Angina 
 — f. Annua, see Annual diseases — f. Anomala, 
 Fever, anomalous — f. Aphonica, Fever, aphonic 
 
 — f. Aphthosa, Aphtha — f. Apoplectica, Fever, 
 apoplectic — f. Ardens, Synocha — f. Arte promota. 
 Fever, artificial — f. Arthritica, Gout — f. Asodes, 
 Fever, bilious, see Asodes — f. Assidua, Continued 
 fever — f. Asthenica, Fever, asthenic. Typhus — 
 f. Asthmatica, Fever, asthmatic — f. Ataxo-adyna- 
 mica. Fever, ataxo-adynamic — f. Azodes, see Aso- 
 des — f. Biliosa, Fever, bilious — f. Bullosa, Pem- 
 phigus — f. Cardialgia, Fever, cardialgic — f. Ca- 
 tarrhalis. Catarrh — f. Catarrhalis epidemica, In- 
 fluenza — f. Caumatodes, Synocha — f. Causodes, 
 Synocha — f. Cephalalgica, Fever, cephalalgic — f. 
 Cephalica, Fever, cephalic — f. Cholepyretiea, Fe- 
 ver, bilious — f. Cholerica, Fever, bilious. Fever, 
 choleric — f. Chronica, Fever, chronic — f. Coal- 
 terna, see Coalternae febres — f. Colliquativa, Fe- 
 ver, colliquative — f. Comatodes, Fever, apoplec- 
 tic — f. Communicans, see Subintrantes F. — f. 
 Confusa, see Confusre febres — f. Continens, Ty- 
 phus — f. Continens non putrida, Synocha — f. 
 Continens putrida, Typhus — f. Continua inflam- 
 matoria, Empresma — f. Continua putrida, Syno- 
 chus — f. Continua putrida icterodes Caroliniensis, 
 Fever, yellow — f. Continua non putris, Synocha 
 — f. Continua sanguinea, Synocha — f. Convulsivn, 
 Fever, convulsive — f. Crymodes, see Crymodes, 
 and Algid fever — f. Culicularis, Miliary fever — f. 
 cum Delirio, Fever, delirious — f. Depuratoria, 
 Fever, depuratory — f. Deurens, Synocha — f. Di- 
 aphoretica, Fever, diaphoretic — f. Diaria, Ephe- 
 mera — f. Duodecimana, Fever, duodecimane — f. 
 Dysentcrica, Dysentery — f. Elodes, see Elodes — 
 f. Elodes icterodes. Fever, yellow — f. Enterica, 
 see T.yphus — f. Entcromesenterica, Entero-me- 
 senteric — f. Epacmastica, see Epacmnsticos — f. 
 Ephemera, Ephemera. — f. Epidemica cum anginS., 
 Cynanche maligna — f. Epilcptica, Fever, epiloptio 
 — f. Erotica, fever, erotic — f. Erratica, Fever, ano- 
 
FEBRUA 
 
 365 
 
 FEE 
 
 malous, Fever, erratic, see Erratic and Planetes 
 — f. Erronea, see Planetes — f. Erysipelaeea, Ery- 
 sipelas — f. Erysipelatosa, Erysipelas — f. Esserosa, 
 Miliary fever — f. Exquisita, Fever, regular — f, 
 Exanthematica articularis. Dengue — f. Famelica, 
 see Famelica Febris — f. Flava, Fever, yellow — f. 
 Flava Americanorum, Fever, yellow — f. Gangrae- 
 nodes. Fever, gangrenous — f. Gastrica, Fever, bi- 
 lious, Fever, gastric — f. Gastrico-biliosa, Fever, 
 gastric — f. Gastro-adynamica, Fever, gastro-ady- 
 namic — f. Htemoptoica, Fever, hsemoptoic — f. 
 Hebdomadana, Octana — f. Hectica, Hectic fever 
 
 — f. Hectica infantum. Tabes mesenterica — f. 
 Hectica maligna nervosa. Typhus mitior — f. He- 
 meresia, Quotidian — f. Hemitrit^a, Hemitritsea — 
 f. Hepatica, Fever, bilious — f. Hepatica inilam- 
 matoria, Hepatitis — f. Horrifica, see Algidus — f. 
 Horrida, see Algidus — f. Humoralis, Fever, hu- 
 moral — f. Hungarica, Fever, Hungaric — f. Hydro- 
 cephalica, Hydrocephalus internus — f. Hydro - 
 phobica, Fever, hydrophobic — f. Hysteretica, see 
 Postpositio — f. Hysterica, Fever, hysteric — f. Ic- 
 terica, Fever, icteric — f. Iliaca iuiiammatoria, En- 
 teritis — f. Infantum remittens. Fever, infantile 
 remittent — f. Inflammatoria, Synocha — f. Inten- 
 sio, Epitasis — f. Intermittens, Intermittent fever 
 
 — f. Intermittens cephalica larvata. Cephalalgia 
 periodica — f. Intestinalis ulcerosa, see Typhus — 
 f. Intestinorum, Enteritis — f. Irregularis, Fever, 
 anomalous — f. Lactea, Fever, milk — f. Larvata, 
 Fever, masked — f. Lenta, Fever, infantile remit- 
 tent. Hectic fever, Synoehus — f. Lenta nervosa, 
 Typhus mitior. Fever, nervous — f. Lenticularis, 
 Miliary fever — f. Lethargica, Fever, apoplectic — 
 f. Lochialis, Fever, lochial — f. Lymodes, fever, 
 singultous — f. Lyngodes, Fever, singultous — f. 
 Maligna, Fever, malignant — f. Maligna biliosa 
 Americas, Fever, yellow — f. Maligna cum Sopore, 
 Typhus — f. Maligna flava Indite occidentalis, 
 Fever, yellow — f. Marasmodes, Hectic fever, Ma- 
 rasmopyra — f. Meningo-gastricus, Fever, gastric 
 — f. Mesenterica, Fever, adeno-meningeal. Fever, 
 mesenteric — f. Methemerina, Quotidian — f. Mili- 
 aris, Miliary fever — f. Blinuta, Fever, syncopal — 
 f. Morbillosa, Rubeola — f. Mucosa, Fever, adeno- 
 meningeal — f. Mucosa Verminosa, Fever, infan- 
 tile remittent — f. Nautica pestilentialis, Tj'phus 
 gravior — f; Nephritica, Fever, nephritic — f. Ner- 
 vosa, Fever, nervous — f. Nervosa epidemica, Ty- 
 I)hus — f. Nervosa enterica, see Typhus — f. Ner- 
 vosa exanthematica, Tj'phus — f. Nervosa gas- 
 trica, see Typhus — f. Nervosa mesenterica, see 
 Typhus — f. Nervosa petechialis. Typhus — f. Neu- 
 rodes, Fever, nervous — f. Nocturnus, see Noctur- 
 nal — f. Nonana, Fever, nonane — f. Nosocomio- 
 rum. Typhus gravior — f. Nycterinus, see Noctur- 
 nal — f. Octana, Fever octane — f. Oscitans, Osci- 
 tant fever — f. Paludosa, see Elodes — f. Pan- 
 ronica. Fever, Hungary — f. Pemphingodes, 
 Pemphigus — f. Pemphygodes, Pemphigus — f. 
 Pempta, Quintan — f. Periodica, Fever, periodic 
 
 — f. Perniciosa, Fever, pernicious — f. Pestilens, 
 Plague — f. Pestilens maligna, Typhus gravior 
 
 — f Pestilentialis, Fever, pestilential — f. Pesti- 
 lentialis Europse, Ts'phus gravior — f. Petechialis, 
 Typhus gravior — f. Phthisica, Hectic fever — f. 
 Planetes, see Planetes — f. Pleuritica, Pleuritis — f. 
 Podagrica, Gout — f. Polycholica, Fever, bilious — 
 f. Pneumonica, Fever, pneumonic, Pneumonia — 
 f. Puerpevalis biliosa, Metrocholosis — f. Puerpe- 
 rarum, Puerperal fever — f. Punctieularis, Mili- 
 ary fever, Tj"phus gravior — f. Puerperalis, Fever, 
 puerperal — f. Purpurate rubra et alba miliaris. 
 Miliary fever — f. Purulenta, Fever, purulent — f. 
 Putrida, Typhus gravior — f. Putrida nervosa. 
 Typhus mitior — f. Quartana, Quartan — f. Quer- 
 quera, see Algidus — f. Quinta, Quintan — f. Quin- 
 tana, Fever, quintan, Quintan — f. Quotidiana, 
 Fever, quotidian. Quotidian — ^f. Regularis. Fever, 
 
 regular — f. Remittens, Remittent fever — f. Re- 
 mittens infantum. Fever, infantile remittent — f. 
 Rheumatica inflammatoria. Rheumatism, acute — 
 f. Rubra, Scarlatina — f. Rubra pruriginosa. Urti- 
 caria — f. Sanguinea, Synocha — f. Sapropyra, Ty- 
 phus gravior — f. Scarlatinosa, Scarlatina — f. 
 Scorbutica, Fever, scorbutic — f. Semitertianii, 
 Hemitritsea — f. Septana, Fever, septan — f. Ses- 
 quialtera, Hemitritsea — f. Sextana, Fever, sextan 
 — f. Simplex, Ephemera, Fever, simple — f. Sin- 
 gultosa. Fever, singultous — f. Soporosa, Fever, 
 apoplectic — f. Stercoralis, Fever, stercoral — f. 
 Sthenica, Synocha — f. Stomachica inflammato- 
 ria. Gastritis — f. Subintrans, Fever, subintrant — • 
 f. Sudatoria, Fever, diaphoretic, Hydropyretus, 
 Sudor anglicus — f. Syncopalis, Fever, syncopal — 
 f. Syphilitica, Fever, syphilitic — f. Tabida, Fever, 
 colliquative. Hectic fever — f. Tertiana, Fever, 
 tertian. Tertian fever — f. Tonica, Synocha — f. 
 Topica, Neuralgia, facial — f. Toxica, Fever, yel- 
 low — f. Tragica, Fever, tragic — f. Traumatica, 
 Fever, traumatic — f. Tropica, Fever, yellow — f. 
 Typhodes, Typhus — f. Urticata, Urticaria — f. Ute- 
 rina. Metritis — f. Vaga, Fever, anomalous, see 
 Planetes — f. Variolosa, Variola — f. Verminosa, 
 Fever, infantile remittent, F. verminous, Helmin- 
 thopyra — f. Vernalis, Fever, vernal — f. Vesicu- 
 laris. Miliary Fever, Pemphigus — f. Virgin um. 
 Chlorosis. 
 
 FEB'RUA ; from februo, ' I purge.' In an- 
 cient mythology, a goddess who presided over 
 menstruation. 
 
 FECAL, Stercoraceous. 
 
 FECES, Faeces. 
 
 FEOONBATION, Fecundation. 
 
 FECONDITE, Fecundity. 
 
 FEC'ULA, Fm'cula, diminutive of fax, 'lee.' 
 An immediate principle of vegetables, composed 
 of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. It exists in 
 several plants, and has different names, accord- 
 ing to that which furnishes it. When extracted 
 from wheat or barley, it is called starch, Am'y- 
 Inm. When from Cycaa cireina'Us, Sago ;- — from 
 Orchis mo'rio, Salep. We say, also, Fecula of 
 the Potato, Bryony, Arum, Manioc, &c. 
 
 Fecula, Green. This name is given to a green, 
 solid matter, of variable character, which is be- 
 lieved to be resinous, and which renders turbii' 
 several kinds of juices, extracted from vegetables. 
 It is, also, called Chlorojihyll. 
 
 Fecola Amylacea, Amylum — f. Marantse, 
 Arrow-root — f. Tapioka, see Jatropha manihot. 
 
 FECULENCE, Faciden'tia, Faeos'itas, Fax, 
 Lemma, Fa'ccs, Lee, Deposit, Dregs. In Phar- 
 macy, feculent, albuminous, or other substances, 
 which ai-e deposited from turbid fluids. 
 
 FECULENT, Fmculen'tns, Hypot'rygns, Try- 
 go'des. ' Foul, dreggy, exerementitious ;' as a 
 feculent fluid, feculent evacuations, &c. 
 
 FECUND, Fecun'dus, FcBcun'dus, (F.) Fecovd. 
 Same etymon as the next. Fruitful, Prolific. 
 
 FECUNDA'TION, Fcecunda'tio, Impregna'- 
 tion, Imprcsgna'tio, Ingravida'tio, PrcBQua'tio, 
 Gravida'tio, PrcBgna'tus, Fructificu'tio, Cye'sis, 
 Encye'sis, Encymo'sia, Procrea' tion, (F.) Fecon- 
 dation. The act by which, in organized beings, 
 the material furnished by the generative organs 
 of the female, unites with that prepared by those 
 of the male, so that a new being results. 
 
 FECUN'DITY, Eutoc'ia, Fcecun'ditas, Pro- 
 ductiv'itas, (F.) Fecondite. The faculty of repro- 
 duction, possessed by organized bodies. 
 
 It has been estimated that throughout a coun- 
 try, taking one marriage with another, not more 
 than 4 children are the result; and in towns onjy 
 35 children to 10 marriages. 
 
 FEE, Sostru-m. 
 
FEET 
 
 366 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 FEET, BURNING OF THE. A singular ca- 
 chectic disease, described by Mr. Malcolmson as 
 occurring in India, the prominent symptom of 
 which was a sense of burning in the feet. 
 
 FEGAKITE, Cancer aquaticus, Stomatitis, 
 pseudo-membranous. 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES, MorU dissimula'ti 
 seu Simula' ti seu cela'ti seu infitia'ti sen pseuda' - 
 lei, Sim'ulated diseases, Pretend' ed diseases. 
 
 (F.) Maladies dissimidees, 3f. shmdees, M. feintet, 
 3t. stqipoeees. The tricks employed, by impos- 
 tors, to induce a belief that they are attacked 
 with diseases, when they are not. These are ge- 
 nerally assumed by beggars to obtain alms ; by 
 criminals to escape punishment; and by soldiers 
 to be exempt from duty. 
 
 The following table exhibits the chief feigned 
 diseases, with the means of detection. 
 
 A TABLE OF FEIGNED, PRETENDED, SIMULATED, OR EXCITED DISEASES OR 
 
 DISQUALIFICATIONS. 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 1. Abortion. 
 
 2. Abstinence. 
 
 3. Amaurotic 
 Blindness. 
 
 4. Apoplexy, 
 
 5. Cachexia, Ane- 
 mia, AND Debility. 
 
 6. Excretion op 
 
 Calculi. 
 
 7. Cancerous Ul- 
 
 cer. 
 
 8. Catalepsy. 
 
 9. Chorea. 
 
 10. Contraction of 
 Joints in Gene- 
 ral 
 
 11. Contraction of 
 the Fingers. 
 
 12. CONTULSIONS. 
 
 13. Opake Cornea. 
 
 14. Cutaneous Dis- 
 eases 
 
 By staining the clothes and body 
 with borrowed blood. 
 
 By applying the extract of bella- 
 donna or datura stramonium to 
 the eye. 
 
 By falling down as if deprived of 
 sensation and consciousness. 
 
 Using substances to make the face 
 appear pale and livid. Indulging 
 freely in wine, and privation of 
 sleep prior to examination. 
 
 Putting sand, pebbles, &c., into the 
 urine. 
 
 By gluing on a portion of a spleen 
 with the smooth side to the skin, 
 leaving on the outside the ap- 
 pearance of an ulcerated surface. 
 
 By seeming to he suddenly motion- 
 less, the joints remaining flexible, 
 and external objects making no 
 impression. 
 
 By assuming the convulsive motions 
 of a part which characterize cho- 
 rea. 
 
 Produced by the application of a 
 strong acid, by acrid powders, as 
 quicklime, &c. 
 
 Some articles of diet will bring on 
 urticaria or nettle-rash, in parti- 
 cular individuals, as shell-fish, 
 bitter almonds, <fec. By acrids, 
 acids, or any irritants applied to 
 the surface. An ointment of tar- 
 tarized antimony causes a painful 
 pustular eruption. See Porrigo, 
 in this list. 
 
 By constant and minute attention. 
 
 Amaurosis is characterized by dila- 
 ted pupil. Where these sub- 
 stances have been applied, the 
 effects will go off in ten days or a 
 fortnight. 
 
 By powerful stimulants; an electric 
 shock ; application of hot water, 
 sternutatories, actual cautery, <te. 
 
 By examining if the pulse be strong, 
 and the skin hot, and whether 
 there be loss of appetite or of 
 strength, or swelling of the limbs. 
 
 By the aid of chymistry. AYe are 
 acquainted with the chymical 
 composition of urinary calculi. 
 
 By noticing whether there be signs 
 of cachexia, and by attentive ex- 
 amination of the part. 
 
 By powerful stimulants, as recom- 
 mended under apoplexy. Letting 
 fall a drop of boiling water on the 
 back. Proposing to use the ac- 
 tual cautery, and seeing whether 
 the pulse rises. 
 
 By examining the patient whilst he 
 may imagine himself unobserved, 
 and seeing whether the convul- 
 sive motions go on. By anass- 
 thetics. ^?) 
 
 Mode of discrimination sometimes 
 so obscure as to deceive the most 
 practised and attentive. 
 
 Introduce a cord between the fin- 
 gers and the palm of the hand, 
 and gradually apply weights so 
 as to expand the fingers. Confine 
 him so that he cannot obtain bis 
 food without using his clenched 
 hand. 
 
 When feigned, they do not present 
 the rigidity of muscles or the ra- 
 pidity of action which characte- 
 rize the real. The mode of de- 
 tection must be the same as in 
 epilepsy. 
 
 The existence of the opacity can be 
 detected by attentive observation. 
 
 By careful examination on the part 
 of practitioner and nurse. 
 
PEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 367 
 
 PEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 15.Deap-Dumbness. 
 
 16. Deafness. 
 
 17. Death. 
 
 18. Debilitt, see 
 Cachexia. 
 
 19. Deformity. 
 
 20. Delivekt. 
 
 21. DiAERHCEA. 
 
 22. Dropsy. 
 
 23. Dysentery. 
 
 24. Epilepsy. 
 
 25. Fbvek. 
 
 26. Fistula in Ano, 
 
 27. Fractures. 
 
 It may be assumed or excited by 
 putting a pea in the ear, or by 
 inserting irritants, so as to induce 
 inflammation and temporary loss 
 of function. 
 
 Some persons possess the power of 
 suspending or moderating the ac- 
 tion of the heart. 
 
 After enlargement produced artifi- 
 cially, a subsidence of the tume- 
 faction ; the parts being moisten- 
 ed by borrowed blood, and the 
 child of another substituted as 
 the female's own. 
 
 Said to have been caused by a mix- 
 ture of vinegar and burnt cork. (?) 
 May be occasioned by the use of 
 any of the purgative roots, <tc. 
 
 May be feigned, like pregnancy, by 
 wearing pads. The anasareous 
 condition of the lower limbs has 
 been caused by applying a liga- 
 ture round them. By inflating 
 the cellular membrane of the ab- 
 domen. 
 
 May be feigned, like diarrhoea, by 
 adding a little blood to the eva- 
 cuations, or by introducing a soap 
 or some more irritating supposi- 
 tory. 
 
 The foaming of the mouth has been 
 produced by keeping a piece of 
 soap in it. 
 
 By various stimulants, as wine, 
 brandy, pepper; swallowing a 
 small quantity of tobacco, or in- 
 troducing it into the anus. Flour 
 or chalk used to whiten the 
 tongue. Redness of skin, caused 
 by friction with a hard brush. 
 
 By making an incision near the 
 verge of the anus, and introducing 
 into it an acrid tent, such as the 
 root of white hellebore, &c. 
 
 There is generally nothing but the 
 man's own testimony. He com- 
 plains of pain in the part ; if frac- 
 ture of the skull be feigned, he 
 states, perhaps, that he becomes 
 deranged on tasting liquor. 
 
 The really deaf and dumb acquire 
 an expression of countenance and 
 gestures which it is difiicult to 
 assume. 
 
 Make a noise when not expected, 
 and see if the countenance varies 
 or pulse rises. Put to "sleep by 
 opium, and then fire a pistol close 
 to the ear, when he may be 
 thrown off his guard. Examine 
 the ear to see if any trick has 
 been played there. 
 
 If suspected, the plan recommended 
 under apoplexy will be found 
 most ef&cacious. 
 
 Examine the part and its articula- 
 tion, naked, and compare it with 
 the opposite. 
 
 Can only be positively detected by 
 examination par vaginam. Soon 
 after delivery, the vagina will be 
 relaxed and the loehial discharge 
 be flowing in greater abundance, 
 the shorter the time that may 
 have elapsed since delivery. 
 
 When diarrhoea is feigned by the! 
 lower classes, inspect the linen ; 1 
 if clean, the bowels are probably 
 not much out of order. Let every 
 individual have a close stool of j 
 his own ; and inspect the evacua- j 
 tions, taking care that one sufier 
 ing under the disease does not 
 lend his evacuations to another. 
 
 Can be detected by attentive exa- 
 mination. There will be a want 
 of that leueophlegmatic habit 
 which accompanies and charac- 
 terizes dropsy. 
 
 Same rules as under diarrhoea. 
 
 Sensation in epilepsy is totally abo- 
 lished. If any remain, disease 
 probably feigned. Incontractility 
 of pupil, which occurs in epilepsj', 
 cannot be feigned. Same means 
 to be used as in feigned apoplexy. 
 
 This deceit is generally developeii 
 by a day or two's examination. 
 Where flour or chalk has been 
 used to whiten the tongue, the 
 line of demarcation between the 
 whitened part and the clean, 
 healthy margin of the tongue, is 
 too well marked to escape obser- 
 vation. 
 
 By careful examination. 
 
 By attentive examination. 
 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 368 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 28. H^MATEMESIS. 
 
 29. HEMOPTYSIS. 
 
 30. HjEirORRHOIDS. 
 
 31. Heart,Diseases ' 
 pF, see Palpita- 
 
 32. Hepatitis. 
 
 33. Hernia. 
 
 34. Hydrocele. 
 
 35. Hydrocepha- 
 lus. 
 
 Hysteria. 
 
 37. Insanity. 
 
 By cutting off the supply of the fluid 
 and careful examination. 
 
 By drinking the blood of some anl 
 
 mal, or using some coloured H 
 
 quid, and then throwing it up. 
 By secreting bullock's blood for the T ^^^^^ f^^^ ^j^^ ^ j^ ^^^^^ ^^^ 
 
 purpose of colourmg_ the sahya; light-coloured. Mouth and fauces 
 
 making small incisions in the 
 
 mouth ; using bole armeniac or 
 
 paint of vermilion. 
 By introducing bladders of rats or of 
 
 small fish partly into the rectum. 
 The linen has also been stained 
 
 with borrowed blood. 
 
 In the same manner as hydrocele; 
 — by inflation. 
 
 By puncturing the skin of the scro- 
 tum, and inflating the cellular 
 membrane. 
 
 By opening the integuments of the 
 head, near the vertex, e. g. and 
 blowing in air. 
 
 38. Jaundice. 
 
 39. Lameness. 
 
 40. Menstruation. 
 
 41. Myopia. 
 
 Short-Si f/htedneea. 
 
 42. Ophthalmia. 
 
 By colouring the skin with an infu- 
 sion of turmeric or tincture of 
 rhubarb. Clay -coloured sfooh pro- 
 duced by taking daily a small - 
 quantity of muriatic acid. Hic/h- 
 coloured urine by rhubarb taken 
 internally. 
 
 By keeping the limb in a contracted 
 
 state, and resisting any efforts to - 
 move it. 
 
 By staining the clothes and body 
 with borrowed blood. 
 
 light- 
 must be carefully inspected, and 
 the individual be observed. 
 
 -! The means are obvious. 
 
 Unless the person be awell-edueated 
 impostor, acute inflammation of 
 the liver will be detected by the 
 absence of marks of strong in- 
 flammatory action. Chronic licer 
 disease is, frequently, not charac- 
 terized by well-marked symp- 
 toms, and hence, when assumed, 
 is diflicult of detection. 
 
 The detection is easy. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Does not easily resist the applica- 
 tion of strong sternutatories to 
 the nostrils. Attentive examina- 
 tion necessary. 
 
 The expression of countenance can- 
 not easily be feigned. Nor can 
 the affection be kept up so long 
 as in real mental alienation. The 
 individual cannot do so long with- 
 out food, sleep, <tc. 
 
 The eyes cannot be coloured, al- 
 though smoke has been used for 
 this purpose. The skin must be 
 washed to remove the colouring 
 matter if any exist, and the sup- 
 ply of acid and rhubarb be pre- 
 vented. 
 
 By two persons taking hold of the 
 individual and moving rapidly 
 along with him ; and when they 
 are tired, having relays. The 
 impostor will generally give in. 
 
 j 13. Ozena. 
 
 Excited by a variety of acrid and 
 corrosive substances applied to 
 the eye J as lime, &c. 
 
 A portion of black muslin, spread 
 over the cornea. The eyelashes 
 are sometimes extracted, and 
 caustic applied to excite disease 
 in the palpebrse. 
 
 By impregnating a piece of spong'e 
 with some offensive juices or oils, 
 mixed with decayed cheese, and 
 putting the imbued sponge into 
 the nostrils. 
 
 By cutting off the supply. 
 
 Present an open book, and apply 
 the leaves close to the nose. If 
 it cannot be read distinctlj', when 
 thus placed, or when glasses 
 proper for short-sightedness are 
 used, the disease is feigned. 
 
 "When ophthalmia is thus excited, 
 its progress is ordinarily very 
 rapid, arriving at its height within 
 a few hours. 
 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 3G9 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 44. Palpitation?. 
 
 45. Pains. 
 
 46. Shaking Palsv. 
 
 47. Pahaltsis. 
 
 48. Phthisis Pul- 
 
 MONALIS. 
 
 49. Polypus Nasi. 
 
 50. PORRTGO. 
 
 Scalled Head. 
 
 51. Pregnancy. 
 
 52. Prolapsus Ani. 
 
 53. Prolapsus Ute- 
 ri. 
 
 54. Pulse, Weak- 
 ness OR Defect 
 of. 
 
 55. Chhonic Rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 See Pain. 
 
 56. Scrofula. 
 
 57. Scurvy. 
 
 r AVhite hellebore, given in the dose 
 J of 10 or 12 grains, and repeated, 
 will occasion general indisposi- 
 tion, and undue action of the heart. 
 
 Individuals with long necks and 
 contracted shoulders have simu- 
 lated phthisis, by covering the 
 chest with blisters, cicatrices of 
 issues, &c., and by taking drugs 
 which cause paleness. 
 
 By introducing the testicle of a 
 young cock, or the kidney of a 
 rabbit, into the nostril, and re- 
 taining it there by means of a 
 sponge fastened to it. 
 
 By applying nitric acid to the head, 
 after protecting the face with 
 fatty substances ; but the chronic 
 state is imitated by the use of 
 depilatories of different kinds ap- 
 plied sometimes in patches, so 
 as to resemble the PorrUjo de- 
 calvans. 
 
 By wearing pads, and assuming the 
 longing after particular articles 
 of diet, &e. 
 
 By aportion of the intestine of the ox, 
 in which a sponge filled with a 
 mixture of blood and milk is placed. 
 
 ] By a similar fraud. 
 
 53. Stammering. 
 
 By ligatures applied to the corre- 
 sponding arm. 
 
 By exciting ulcers below the angles 
 of the jaw. 
 
 By covering the teeth with wax, 
 and then applying acid, corrosive 
 substances to the gums. 
 
 Cut off the supply. 
 
 The detection is here often difBcult. 
 The non-existence of pain cannot 
 be proved, and great pain may be 
 present without any appearance 
 externally. 
 I The imposition is more frequently 
 detected by inconsistencies and 
 contradictions in the patient's 
 history of the case, than in any 
 other manner. 
 
 May be suspected, if the person be 
 in an ordinary state of vigour. 
 Try violent remedies and means, 
 recommended under Chorea. 
 
 Violent remedies are here required. 
 Cold affusion, actual cautery, 
 electric shocks, &c. 
 
 By attentive examination of the 
 symptoms. 
 
 By the absence of the areola ; the 
 presence of a pad ; and, if neces- 
 sary, by examination ^Jerra^rtwajH. 
 
 By examining whether the arteries 
 of the two arms beat alike ; and 
 if a ligature be placed on the arm. 
 
 By examining the general habit, 
 and observing whether the ulce- 
 rations be glandular, and the dis- 
 charge of a scrofulous charaoter. 
 
 By examining the general habit; 
 whether debilitated, cachectic, 
 and possessing the usual general 
 signs of scorbutus. 
 
 Simulators of this defect generally 
 state, that it is connate, or ascribe 
 it to a fit of apoplexy or severe 
 fever. "Where the organs of I 
 speech were perfect, and the mo- 
 ral evidence of the previous ex- 
 istence of the infirmity was not 
 satisfactory, the French authori- 
 ties used to confine the soldiers, i 
 and not supply them with food, I 
 until they called for it without j 
 stammering. J 
 
 24 
 
FEL 
 
 370 
 
 FEMUR 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 Ho"W Detected. 
 
 59. Stricture of 
 THE Urethra. 
 . Swelling op the 
 Legs. 
 
 61. Syncope. 
 
 62. Tympany. 
 
 63. Ulcer 
 Ear. 
 
 64. Ulcers of the 
 Legs, &c. 
 
 65. Bloody Urine. 
 
 ] By ligatures round the thighs. 
 
 Ligatures are sometimes used to 
 prevent the pulse being felt. By 
 applying lotions to the face to 
 make it pale. 
 
 Persons have possessed the power of 
 swallowing air, so as to distend the 
 stomach, and simulate tympany. 
 ' By introducing a tent, imbued with 
 blistering plaster into the ear, 
 and repeating the application, 
 until the tube becomes ulcerated, 
 and a discharge of puriform mat- 
 ter is established. The fetid smell 
 is imitated, by dropping into the 
 ear % mixture of empyreumatic 
 oil, asafoetida, and old cheese. 
 Also, by introducing a little honey 
 into the meatus. 
 
 By corrosives, or irritants. Some- 
 times by abrasion, by rubbing 
 sand on the shin-bone. At others, 
 they are pretended, by gluing on 
 a piece of spleen or the skin of a 
 frog. 
 
 The fruit of the Indian Fig {Cactus 
 opuntia) colours the urine as red 
 as blood. Cantharides will cause 
 it. Blood may also be procured 
 and mixed with the urine. 
 
 By passing a bougie. 
 
 Examine the limbs uncovered. 
 
 By using sternutatories. By the 
 absence of some of the symptoms 
 of syncope. Examine the naked 
 arms. Wash the face. 
 
 66. Incontinence of 
 Urine. 
 
 67. Varicose Veins. 
 
 By careful examination. 
 
 Artificial ulcers have, usually, a 
 more distinct margin, and are 
 more readily healed than others ; 
 the latter being generally indi- 
 cative of an impaired constitu- 
 tion. 
 
 By making the patient pass his 
 urine in the presence of the phy- 
 sician, and examining the vessel 
 before and after. By cutting oil 
 the supply of any substance, which 
 could cause the appearance. 
 
 DiiBcult, at times, of detection. Give 
 the person a full dose of opium, 
 and introduce the catheter when 
 he is asleep. If there be urine, 
 the incontinence is feigned. 
 
 ' By a ligature, placed tightly round 
 the limb. They may be excited 
 in this manner, or aggravated if j 
 already existing. J 
 
 By examining the limb. 
 
 FEL, Bile — f. Anguillas, see Bile — f. Bovinum, 
 Bile of the Ox — f. Bovis, see Bile — f. Naturas, 
 Aloes— f. Tanri, see Bile — f. Terrse, Ludus Hel- 
 •montii— f. Ursi, see Bile— f. Vitri, see Vitrum. 
 
 FELDSGHEEREN, Bathers. 
 
 FELINEUS, Bilious. 
 
 FELLBUS, Biliary, Bilious. 
 
 FELLIDUCUS, Cholagogue. 
 
 FELLIS OBSTRUCTIO, Icterus — f. Super- 
 ^fusio. Icterus — f. SufFusio, Icterus. 
 
 FELON, Paronychia. 
 
 FELTING, from Anglo-Saxon pelt, cloth or 
 ■gtuff made without iieavinij. Tanr/ling. A term 
 applied to the hair ivhen inextricably interlaced, 
 as occurs occasionally in women from inattention. 
 
 FELURE BE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid. 
 
 FELWORT, Gentiana lutea.. 
 
 FEMALE, F(jem'!na, Gync, (F.) Femelle, from 
 (jiv^j^, 'I generate.' (?) In animals, the one that 
 •engenders and bears the young. It is, also, used 
 udjectively; — as, the Female Sex, &c. 
 
 Fkmale Parts, Vulva. 
 
 FEMELLE, Female. 
 
 FEMEN, Thigh, Vulva. 
 
 FEMINES'CENCE, Fcemineacen'tia, from/o?- 
 mina, ' a female.' The possession or assumption 
 of certain male characteristics by the female. — 
 Mehliss. 
 FEMME EN COUCHE, Puerpcra. 
 
 FEM'0RAL,Fe7reora7i"s, irorafemvr, 'the thigh- 
 bone.' Belonging or relating to the thigh; as 
 Femoral artery, Femoral hernia, &c. See Crural. 
 
 FEMORALIS, Triceps cruris. 
 
 FE3I0R0-GALGANIEN PETIT, Plantar 
 muscle — f. Popliteal, great. Sciatic nerve, great — 
 /. Popliti-tihial, Poplitaeus muscle. 
 
 FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL, Femoro-tihia'lis. Be- 
 longing to the femur and tibia. The Femoro- 
 tibial articulation is the knee-joint. 
 
 FEMUR, Mervs, Me'rium, Os fem'oria. The 
 iTiicfh hone. (F.) L'oa de la Ciiish-e. The strongest 
 and longest of all the bones of the body, extend- 
 ing from the pelvis to the tibia, and forming the 
 solid part of the thigh. The femur is cylindrical, 
 slightly curved anteriorly, unsymnietrical and 
 oblique downwards and inwards. The body of 
 the bone is prismatic, and has, behind, a promi- 
 nent ridge, the linea aspera. 
 
 (Head supported on a 
 column or neck. 
 Great trochanter. 
 Lesser trochanter. 
 
 T . . f External eondvle. 
 
 Inferior or | -p 
 
 Upper or 
 Pelvic 
 
 Processes. 
 
 I 
 
 Tibial 
 
 Internal condyle. 
 
 „ ..I External tnbero.Mtv. 
 
 Extremity. ^ j^tg^nal tuberosity. 
 
 The femur ossifies fro;n five points: — oi^c on 
 each process of the pelr 3 extremity; one in thfl 
 
FEMUR COL BU 
 
 371 
 
 FERRI ACETAS 
 
 body of the bone; and two on the condyles. It 
 is articulated with the pelvis, tibia, and patella. 
 See Thigh. 
 
 FEMUR COL BU, Collum femoris— f. Mo- 
 ventium septimus, Iliacus internus — f. Moven- 
 tium sextus, Psoas magnus — f. Summum, Vulva. 
 
 FENES'TRA. Kwindow. (F.) Feneti-e. Ana- 
 tomists have given this name to two apertures, 
 situate in the inner paries of the cavity of the 
 tympanum. The one of these is the Fenest'ra 
 ora lis, F. vestibula'ris, Fora'men ova'le. It is 
 oval-shaped ; situate at the base of the stapes, 
 and corresponds with the cavity of the vestibule. 
 The other is the Fenest'ra rotun'da, F. Cochlea'- 
 ris, Fora'men rotun'dum. It is closed by a fine, 
 transparent membrane, called Membra'na Tym- 
 pani secun'daria, Ti/iyipanuni minus sen secunda'- 
 rium, Membra'na fenestra rotun'da, and corre- 
 sponds to the inner scala of the cochlea. 
 
 Fenestra Oculi, Pupil. 
 
 FENES'TRAL, Fenestra'tus, from fenestra, 
 'a window.' (F.) Fenetre et Fenestre. Ban- 
 dages, compresses, or plasters with small perfo- 
 rations or openings, are so called. The openings 
 prevent the detention of the discharge. 
 
 FENESTRATUS, Fenestral. 
 
 FENESTRE, Fenestral. 
 
 FENETRE, Fenestra. 
 
 FENETRE, Fenestral. 
 
 FENNEL, Anethum — f. Dogs', Anthemis co- 
 tula— f. Flower, Nigella — f. Hog's, Peucedanum 
 — f. Sweet, Anethum — f. Water, Phellandrium 
 aquaticum. 
 
 FENO UIL, Anethum—/. d'Eau, Phellandrium 
 aquaticum — f. Marin, Crithmum mairitimum — ■/. 
 de Pore, Peucedanum — f. Puant, Anethum gra- 
 veolens. 
 
 FENTE, Fissure—/. Capillaire, see Pilatio — 
 /. Glenoidale, Fissure, glenoid — /. Orbitaire. Or- 
 bitar fissure — /. Orbitaire inferieure. Spheno- 
 maxillary Assure — f. Spheno-maxiUaire, Spheno- 
 maxillary fissure — /. Sphenoidale, Sphenoidal 
 fissure. 
 
 FENUGREC, Trigonella foenum. 
 
 FENUGRECK, Trigonella fcenum. 
 
 FER, Ferrum — /. Acetate de, Ferri acetas — /. 
 Carbonate de, Ferri protocarbonas — /. Chaud, 
 Pyrosis — f. Hydrate de, tritoxide de, ^tites — /. 
 lodure de, Ferri iodidum, see Iodine — /. Lactate 
 de, Ferri Lactas — /. Limaille de, Ferri limatura 
 /. Peroxide de, Ferri subcarbonas — /. et de Po- 
 tasse, tartrate de, Ferrum tartai'izatum — /. et de 
 Potassium, cyanure de, Potassii Ferrocyanure- 
 tum — /. et de Potassium, protocyanure de, Potas- 
 sii Ferroeyanuretum — f. Reduit par Vhydrorjene, 
 Ferri pulvis — /. Sulphate de, Ferri Sulphas — 
 /. Sulphure de, Ferri Sulphuretum — /. Tannate 
 de, Ferri tannas — /. Valerianate de, Ferri Vale- 
 rianas. 
 
 FERALIS PEDICULUS, see Pediculus. 
 
 FERINE, Feri'mis; 'savage, brutal;' The- 
 riu'dcs. A term, applied to any malignant or 
 noxious disease. In France it is used only when 
 joined to Toux ; Toux ferine, a dry, obstinate, 
 and painful cough. 
 
 FERMENT, Fermen'tum, {qasisi fervimentum,) 
 Zyma, Zymo'ma, Leven, (F.) Levain. The la- 
 trochymists applied this name to imaginary sub- 
 stances, Fermen'ta mor'hi, to which they attri- 
 buted the power of producing disease, by exci- 
 ting a fermentation in the humours. 
 
 FERMENTA'TION, Fermenta'tio, Zymo'sis, 
 ^atua'tio, Causis, Brasmos. An intestinal move- 
 ment, occurring spontaneously in a liquid; whence 
 result certain sjibstances, that did not previously 
 «iU?t in it. 
 
 The chemical physicians attributed all diseases 
 to an imaginary fermentation of the humours. 
 
 Fermentation, Putrefactive, Putrefaction. 
 
 FERMENTUMCEREVISI^,Yest— f.MorbJ, 
 Ferment — f. Ventriculi, Gastric juice. 
 
 FERN, BUSH, Comptonia asplenifolia — f. 
 Cinnamon, Osmunda cinnamomea — f. Eagle, 
 Pteris aquilina — f. Female, Asplenium filix fos- 
 mina, Pteris aquilina — f. Gale, Comptonia aspleni- 
 folia — f. Male, Polypodium filix mas — f. Meadow, 
 Comptonia asplenifolia — f. Rock, Adiantum pe- 
 datum — f. Root, Polypodium vulgare — f. Sweet, 
 Adiantum pedatum, Comptonia asplenifolia — f. 
 Sweet, shrubby, Comptonia asplenifolia. 
 
 FERNAMBUCO WOOD, Ca3salpinia echinata, 
 
 FERRAMEN'TUM, Side'rion, Instrumen'tuM 
 fer'reum. Any surgical instrument made of 
 iron. By the vulgar, in France, the word ferre- 
 meiits means the instruments used in diificult 
 labours. 
 
 FERRARIA, Scrophularia aquatica. 
 
 FERRATUS, Chalybeate. 
 
 FERREIN, Canal of, Buctus Ferrei'ni. A 
 triangular channel, which Ferrein supposed lo 
 result from the approximation of the free edges 
 of the eyelids applied to the globe of the eye ; 
 and which he considered adapted for directing 
 the tears towards the puncta lachrymalia, during 
 sleep. The canal is, probably, imaginary. 
 
 The same name is likewise given to the corti- 
 cal canals, — the first portions of the uriniferous 
 ducts, whilst still in the cortical substance of the 
 kidney. 
 
 Ferrein, Pyr'amid of, Pyr'amis Ferrei'ni. 
 Each of the papillae of the kidney, according to 
 Ferrein, consists of, at least, 700 subordinate 
 cones or pyramids. To these last the names 'py- 
 ramids of Ferrein,' Pyram'ides rena'les Ferrei'ni, 
 Fascic'vli pyramida'les, have been given. 
 
 FERRI ACE'TAS, Extrac'tum martis ace'ti- 
 cum, Ace'ticum martia'le, Ac"etate of Iron, Lon 
 Liquor, (F.) Acetate de fer. A preparation of 
 the Dublin Pharmacopoeia, made by digesting 1 
 part of carbonate of iron in 6 parts of acetic acid 
 for three days, and filtering. Dose, as a tonic 
 and astringent, TT\^v to Tr\^xx, in water. 
 
 Ferri ^rugo, F. Subcarbonas— f. et Ammo- 
 nije murias, Ferrum ammoniatum — f. Ammonio- 
 chloridum, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
 
 Ferri et Altj'miNjE Sulphas, Sulphate of Iron 
 and Alumina, is made by treating biearbonated 
 solution of soft iron and carbonated solution of 
 pure icashed alumina, with sulphuric acid. It 
 has been recommended as a valuable astringent,. 
 Dose, from five to ten grains. 
 
 Ferri Aimo'yio-CXTHAS, Ammonice ferro-citroe, 
 Ferrum ammoni' aco-cit'ricum, Ammonio-citrote 
 of iron, Citrate of ammonia and iron. Prepared 
 by adding ammonia to citrate of iron, so as to 
 neutralize the excess of acid. Dose, gr. v. to gr. 
 viij. A Potassio-Citrate and a Sodio-Citrats 
 OF Iron have also been introduced ; and a Ci- 
 trate of the Magnetic Oxide of Iron prepared 
 by combining the magnetic oxide with citric acid. 
 
 Ferri Ammonio-tartras, Ammonio-tat'trate <f 
 Iron. This salt is best made by dissolving \o 
 saturation freshly precipitated hydrated oxide of 
 iron in a solution of bitartrate of ammonia, and 
 evaporating to dryness. It is very soluble. The 
 dose is five grains or more in pill or solution. 
 
 Ferri Arsenias, Arseniate of Iron — f. Boru?- 
 sias, Prussian blue — f. Bromidum, see Bromine 
 — f. Carbonas, F. subcarbonas — f. Carbonas Sao- 
 charatum, see F. Protocarbonas — f. Carbonatum, 
 Graphites — f. Carburetum, Graphites. 
 
 Ferri Citras, Citrate of Iron. Two citrates 
 of iron are prepared — the Sesquicitrate or Citrat» 
 of the Sesquioxide ; and the titrate of ihe Prec 
 
TERRI 
 
 372 
 
 pERm 
 
 oxide. The former is officinal in the Ph. TJ. S. 
 They resemble, in their medical properties, the 
 tartrate and the lactate of the metal. 
 
 Febri Ctantjretum, Prussian blue — f. Deuto- 
 carbonas fuseus, F. subcarbonas — f. Deutoxydum 
 nigrum, ^thiops martial — f. Ferrocyanas, Prus- 
 sian blue — f. Ferrooyanuretum, Prussian blue — 
 f. Hydriodas, F. lodidum — f. Hydrocyanas, Prus- 
 sian blue — f. Hypercarburetum, Graphites. 
 
 Ferri Io'didum, F. Todiire'tum, F. IJydrVo- 
 das, Iodide, loduret or Hydri'odate of Iron. (F.) 
 lodure de fer, (lodin. ^ij, Ferri rament."^], Aq. 
 destillat. Oiss.) Mix the iodine with a j)int of 
 the distilled water, in a porcelain or glass vessel, 
 and gradually add the iron filings, stirring con- 
 stantly. Heat the mixture gently until the liquid 
 acquires a light greenish colour; then filter, and, 
 after the liquid has passed, pour upon the filter 
 half a pint of the distilled water, boiling hot. 
 When this has passed, evaporate the filtered li- 
 quor, at a temperature not exceeding 212°, in an 
 iron vessel, to dryness ; keep the dry iodide in a 
 closely stopped bottle. (Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Ferri loDURBTrM, F. lodidum. 
 
 Ferri Lactas, Lactate of Iron, Lactate of 
 Protox'ide of Iron, (F.) Lactate de Fer. Pre- 
 pared by digesting in a sand-bath, at a low tem- 
 perature, diluted lactic acid with iron filings. It 
 is employed in the same cases as the precipitated 
 subcarbonate of iron, and especially in chlorosis. 
 Twelve grains of the lactate may be given in the 
 24 hours, in the form of lozenges. 
 
 Ferri Limatu'ra Purifica'ta, Pu'rijied Iron 
 Filings: — purified by means of the magnet, for 
 internal use. The filings are, also, called Ferri 
 Scohs, F. Ramen'ta et Fila, 3Iartis Limatu'ra, 
 Spec' ulum In' dicum, Ferri in pnl'verem resolu'- 
 tio, (F.) Limaille de Fer. They are considered 
 to possess the general properties of iron : — the 
 iron becoming oxidized. 
 
 Ferri et Magne'si^ Citras, Citrate of iron 
 and magne'sia, is prepared by dissolving hydra- 
 ted oxide of iron in a solution of citric acid, satu- 
 rated with carbo7iate of magnesia, and evapora- 
 ting to dryness. It is soluble in water, and does 
 not constipate. Dose from four grains to fifteen, 
 iu solution. 
 
 Ferri Xitras, see Liquor Ferri nitratis — 
 f. Nitratis Liquor, see Liquor Ferri nitratis 
 — f. Oxidum Fuscum, F. subcarbonas — f. 
 Oxidum Nigrum, Oxydum ferri nigrum — f. Oxi- 
 dum hydratum, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — 
 f. Oxidum rubrum, Colcothar, Ferri subcarbonas 
 — f. Oxidum hydratum, Ferrum et Oxydum hy- 
 dratum — f. Percyanidum, Prussian blue. 
 
 Ferri Phosphas, Phosphate of Iron, {Ferri 
 Sulphat. §v. Soda Phosphat. ^vi. Aqua, cong. 
 Dissolve the sulphate of iron and phosphate of 
 soda, severally, in four pints of the water; then 
 mix the solutions, and set the mixture by, that 
 the powder may subside ; lastly, having poured 
 off the supernatant liquor, wash the phosphate 
 of iron with water, and dry it with a gentle heat. 
 — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 5 to 10 grains as a chaly- 
 beate. Rarely used. 
 
 Ferri Pila, F. limatura — f. et PotassEe tartras, 
 Ferrum tartarizatum — f. Potassio-citras, see Ferri 
 simmonio-citras — f. Potassio-tartras, Ferrum tar- 
 tarizatunr. 
 
 Ferri Pbotocarbo'nas, Protocarhonate of 
 Iron, (F.) Carbonate de Fer. The protocarho- 
 nate of iron, thrown down from a solution of the 
 sulphate of iron by the carbonate of soda, readily 
 attracts oxygen and becomes converted into the 
 Fesquioxide. To prevent this, it may be asso- 
 ciated with honey and sugar, and the mixture be 
 reduced by evaporation to a pilular consistence. 
 The mass constitutes the Ferrvginoua Pills, Pi- 
 
 lules ferrugineuse's, ofVallet, Vallet^s Pi\la. Be© 
 Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis. The Edinburgh Phar- 
 macopoeia contains the Ferri Car'bonas SacJia- 
 ra'tum, Sac'charine Carbonate of Iron, prepared 
 in this manner. It is the Ferrum Carhon'icuiC 
 Saceharatum of Klauer. 
 
 The protocarhonate is given in the same dis- 
 eases as the lactate of iron ; ten or fifteen grains 
 in the course of the twenty-four hours. 
 
 Ferri Protosulpras Viridis, F. Sulphas — f. 
 Prussias, Prussian blue. 
 
 Ferri Pulvis, Fer riduit, F. reduit par I'hy- 
 drogene, Ferrum metal'licum, Poiodered iron , 
 prepared by passing a stream of hydrogen ga^ 
 over the sesquioxide of iron, contained in an iron 
 or porcelain tube heated to low redness. It is 
 very liable to become oxidated, and must be kept 
 in a dry, well-stopped bottle. It has been pre- 
 scribed in anasmic, and especially in chlorotic 
 cases. The ordinary dose is two grains three times 
 a day, in pill made with sugar and gum. A for- 
 mula for its preparation is given in the last edition 
 of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States (1851). 
 
 Ferri et Qui'nIjE Citras, Citrate of Iron and 
 Qui'nia, formed by the union of four parts of 
 citrate of iron and one part of citrate of qvinia, 
 has been prescribed in cases where a combination 
 of these tonics is indicated. 
 
 Ferri Ramenta, F. limatura — f. Rubigo, F. 
 Subcarbonas — f. Scobs, F. limatura — f. Sesquiox- 
 idum, F. subcarbonas prsecipitatus. 
 
 Ferri Sesqttinitratis, Liquor, see Tinctura 
 Ferri muriatis — f. Sodio-tartras, see Ferri et am- 
 monio-citras. 
 
 Ferri Subcar'bonas, F. Car'bonas, Ferrum 
 prcBcipita'tum, Chal'ybia Rubi'go prapara'ta, 
 Ferri Rubigo. (The last two terms, as well as 
 Ferru'go, are applied to the subcarbonate or rust, 
 JEru'go Ferri, Cacaferri, formed by the action 
 of moist air on metallic iron.) A protoxide of 
 iron, oxidized by the decomposition of water; the 
 carbonic acid being attracted from the air. Dose, 
 gr. V to ^ss and more. 
 
 Ferri Subcarbonas may be precipitated from 
 sulphate of iron by carbonate of soda. The fol- 
 lowing is the formula of the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States : — Ferri sidph. §viij; sodcB carb. 
 ^ix; aqucB bxdlient. cong. Dissolve the sulphate 
 of iron and carbonate of soda severally in four 
 pints of the water, then mix the solutions, and, 
 having stirred the mixture, set it by that the 
 powder may subside: having poured off the 
 liquor, wash the subcarbonate with hot water, 
 wrap it in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle 
 heat. It is, also, called Ferri sesquiox'idum, 
 Ox'idum ferri fuscum, Ox'idum ferri rvbruw, 
 I)euto-car'bonas Ferri fusctis. Crocus mortis apc'~ 
 riens, Sesquioxide or peroxide of iron, (F.) Per- 
 oxide defer, Safran de liars aph-itif. 
 
 Ferri Sulphas, Sal JIartis, Vitriolum Martt's, 
 Vitriolum Ferri, Ferrum Vitriola' turn, Sulphas 
 vel Protosulphas Ferri vir'idis, Calcadinum, C<d'- 
 cator, Cal'cotar, Chalcan'thuni, Calcite'a, Atra- 
 men'tum suto'rium, Vit'riol, Vitriolum viride, 
 An'ima Hep'atis, Sulphate of Iron, Green Vitriol, 
 Copperas, (F.) Sulfate de fer. The Pharmaco- 
 po3ia of the United States directs it to be made 
 by the action of sulphuric acid ^xviij, on iron 
 wire, cut in pieces, §xij — water, a gallon — evapo- 
 rating, crystallizing, and drying the crystals on 
 bibulous paper. This salt is inodorous, and of a 
 strong styptic taste. The crystals are light green, 
 transparent, rhomboidal; and soluble in two parts 
 of water. It is tonic and anthelmintic. Dose, 
 gr. j. to vj and more. 
 
 Ferri Sui^phas Calcinatum, Colcothar. 
 
 Ferri Sulphure'tum, Sul'phurct of Iron, Iron 
 pyri'tcs, (F.) Sulfurc de fer / may be made b^ 
 
FERRICUS HYDRAS 
 
 373 
 
 FEU AOTUEL 
 
 heating one part of suhlimed sulphur, over three 
 parts of iron filings in a crucible until the mass 
 begins to glow. It is employed as a ready means 
 for obtaining hydrosulphuric acid gas by the ad- 
 dition of sulphuric or chlorohydric acid. 
 
 Ferri Tannas, Ferrum taii'nicimi, Tannate of 
 Iron, (F.) Tannate defer. This salt is usually ob- 
 tained by adding a solution of a salt of sesqui- 
 oxide of iron, as the persulphate, to a decoction 
 of nut-galls. It is possessed of tonic and astrin- 
 gent properties, and has been extolled especially 
 in chlorosis. 
 
 Ferri Tartarujt, Ferrum tartarizatum — f. 
 Tritoxydum, Coleothar. 
 
 Ferri Valeria'nas, Ferrum Valeria' nicum, 
 Vale'rianate of Iron, (Fr.) Valerianate de fer. 
 Formed by the action of valerianic acid on oxide 
 of iron. It is a dark brick-red powder, insoluble 
 in water, and has been given in hysteria compli- 
 cating chlorosis. Dose, from two to four grains. 
 
 FERRICUS HYDRAS, Ferrum oxydum hy- 
 di'atum. 
 
 FERRUGINEUS, Chalybeate. 
 
 FERRUGINOUS, Chalybeate. 
 
 FERRUGO, Ferri subcarbonas, Ferrum oxy- 
 datum hydratum. 
 
 FERRUM, Mars, Side'ros, Metal'lum hcemato- 
 poiet'icum. Iron, (F.) Fei: A metal of a bluish- 
 gray colour ; fibrous texture ; brilliant and fine- 
 grained fracture. Specific gravity 7.600 to 7.800 ; 
 hard, ductile, malleable, and magnetic. The me- 
 dicinal virtues of iron are tonic ; producing fetid 
 ecructations, when it takes effect, owing to its 
 meeting with acid in the stomach, which oxidizes 
 it, and causes the evolution of hydrogen gas. 
 "When given in the metallic state, the filings are 
 chiefly used ; but the oxides and salts are most 
 commonly employed. 
 
 Ferrum Ammoniacale, F. ammoniatum — f. 
 Ammoniaco-citrieum, Ferri ammonio-citras. 
 
 Ferrum Ammonia'tum, llu'rias Ammo'nice et 
 Ferri, Ferri ammo'nio-chlo'ridum, Flores martia'- 
 les, Flores salis a.mmoni'aci martia'les. Ens mar- 
 tis, Ens Ven'eris Boy'lei, Sal martis muriat'ieum 
 aublima'tum, Sal ammoni'aeum martia'le, Ammo'- 
 nium muriat'ieum martia'tipn seu martia'le, Aroph 
 Paracel'si, Galen'dulcB minera'les, Ferrum ammo- 
 niaca'le, Ammo'niated Iron, Ammo' nio-chloride 
 of Iron, (F.) Muriate d'ammoniaqne et defer. A 
 mixture of the hydro-chlorates of ammonia and 
 iron. (?) {Ferri Suhcarh. §iij ; acid muriat. f §x; 
 ammon. muriat. Ibijss ; aq. destillat. Oiv. Mix the 
 subcarbonate with the acid in a glass vessel and 
 digest for two hours; then add the muriate, previ- 
 ously dissolved in distilled water, and having fil- 
 tered the liquor, evaporate to dryness. Rub to 
 powder. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. iij. to gr. xv. 
 
 Ferrum Borussicum, Prussian blue — f. Car- 
 bonicum Saceharatum, Ferri protocarbonas — f. 
 Cyanogenatum, Prussian blue — f. Haamatites, 
 Heematites — f. Magnes attractorium, Magnet — f. 
 Metallicum, Ferri pulvis. 
 
 Ferrum Oxyda'tum Hydra'tum, Ferri Oxi- 
 dum Hydra'tum (Ph. U. S.), Ferru'go, Hydras 
 Fer'ricus, Hydro-oxide of Iron, Hydrated Oxide 
 of Iron, Hydrated peroxide of Iron, Hydrated 
 Trifoxide of Iron. It may be prepared by taking 
 a solution of sulphate of iron, increasing its dose 
 of oxygen by heating it with nitric acid, and pre- 
 cipitating the oxide by adding pure ammonia in 
 excess, washing the precipitate, and keeping it 
 moist. 
 
 The following is the formula adopted by the 
 Pharmacopceiaof the United States : Ferri Sulph. 
 3iv; acid, sulphuric, f^iiiss ; ,acirf. nitric, t ^vi, 
 vel q. s., Liq. ammonioB q s., aqucB Oij. Dissolve 
 the sulphate of iron in the water, and having 
 
 added the sulphuric acid, boil the solution : then 
 add the nitric acid in small portions, boiling tho 
 liquid for a minute or two after each addition, 
 until the acid ceases to produce a dark colour. 
 Filter the liquid, allow it to cool, and add the 
 liquor ammonias in excess, stirring the mixture 
 briskly; wash the precipitate with water, until the 
 washings cease to yield a precipitate with chlo- 
 ride of barium, and keep it close in bottles with 
 water sufficient to cover it. 
 
 It has been brought forward, of late, as an an- 
 tidote to arsenic ; and many cases of its efiicacy 
 have been published. 
 
 From 10 to 20 parts of the hydrated oxide 
 would seem to be more than suflicient to convert 
 1 part of arsenious acid into the basic salt of iron. 
 
 Ferrum Oxydulatum Hydrocyanicum, Prus- 
 sian blue — f. Potabile, F. tartarizatum — f. Prseci- 
 pitatum, Ferri subcarbonas. 
 
 Ferrum Tannicum, Ferri tannas. 
 
 Februm Taktariza'tum, Tartras Potas'scB et 
 Ferri, Tar'tarum Ferri, Ferri et PotasscB Tartros, 
 (Ph. U. S.) Tar'tarus chalyhea'tus. Mars solu'hi- 
 lls, Tartras kal'ico-fer'ricus, Chalyhs tartariza' - 
 tus, Tartarus martia'lis, Ferri potassio-tartras, 
 Tartras Potas'scB ferrugino' sus, Ferrum potah'ile, 
 Globus martia'lis, Gloh'uli Tar' tari martia'les seu 
 martia'les solu'ti seu martia'ti seu tartra'tis ferri 
 et lixiv'icB, Boli Martis, Pyri martia'les, Tartar- 
 ized Iron, Tartrate of Potassa and Iron, (F.) Tar- 
 trate de potasse et defer, Boule de 3Iars, Boule de 
 Nancy, B. de Molsheim, B. d'Acier. [Ferri stib- 
 carb. §iij. Acid, muriat. f ^x; Liquor Potassce, 
 Ovss; Potass. Bitart. ^vijss, AqiicB destillat. cong. 
 iss. Mix the subcarbonate of iron and the muri- 
 atic acid, and digest for two hours ; pour the so- 
 lution into a gallon of the distilled water; set 
 aside for an hour, and pour off the supernatant 
 liquor. To this add the liquor potassas ; wash the 
 precipitate formed frequently with water, and, 
 while yet moist, mix it with the bitartrate of po- 
 tassa and half a gallon of the distilled water. 
 Keep the mixture at the temperature of 140° for 
 30 hours, frequently stirring ; filter the solution, 
 and evaporate by means of a water bath, at the 
 same temperature, to dryness. — (Ph. U. S.) It 
 is one of the mildest of the salts of iron, and not 
 unpalatable. Dose, gr. x. to Jss. 
 
 The Tinetu'ra Martis Aperiti'va, Tincture of 
 Ludwig; Al'cohol cum Sulpha' te Ferri tartarisa' - 
 tus ; Tinctura, Martis Glauberi is, essentially, a 
 solution of this salt. It is also called Eau de 
 Boule, and is used in contusions. 
 
 Helvetius's Styptic was composed of ilae filings 
 of iron and tartar, mixed to a proper consistence 
 with French brandy. It was called in England 
 Eaton's Styptic; but this is now formed of Sul- 
 phate of Iron. 
 
 Ferrum Valerianicum, Ferri valerianas — f. 
 Vitriolatum, Ferri sulphas — f. Vitriolatum ustum, 
 Coleothar — f. Zooticum, Prussian blue. 
 
 FERTILITY, Fecundity. 
 
 FER'ULA, Fanon, Palette, Splint — f. Africana, 
 Bubon galbanum — f. Asafcetida, see Asafoetida — 
 f. Graveolens, Anethum graveolens — f. Opopo- 
 nax, Pastinaca opoponax — f. Persica, see Saga- 
 penum. 
 
 FERUS, Homicidal. 
 
 FESSES, Nates. 
 
 FESSIER, Gluteal—/. Grand, Gluteeus maxi- 
 mus — f. Moyen, Glutaeus medius — f. Petit, Glu- 
 tseus minimus. 
 
 FETID, Fce'tidus, Byso'des, Caco'des, Bromo'- 
 sus, Graveolens. Having a bad smell. 
 
 FETUS, Foetus. 
 
 FEU AGTUEL, Cauterium— ■/. Persique, Her- 
 pes zoster, see Anthrax — f. Potential, see Caut*- 
 
FEUX BE BENTS 
 
 374 
 
 FEVEE 
 
 J'ium — ■/. Sacre, Erysipelas — -/. St. Antoine, Ery- 
 sipelas — ■/. Sauvage, Ignis sylvaticus — -f. Volage, 
 Ignis sylvaticus. 
 
 FEUX BE BENTS, Strophulus—/. Volages, 
 Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 FiJVE, Vicia faba — •/. de Carthagene, Habilla 
 de Carthagena — /.a C'ochon, Hyoscyamus — /. 
 Ffuisse, Sedum telephium — ■/. des Marais, Vicia 
 fuba — ■/. de Sainte Ignace, Ignatia amara — -/. Pur- 
 g'ltif, llieinus communis. 
 
 FEVER, Fehris, from feritas, '-wildness/ or 
 from fervor, ' heat,' or from fehriio, ' I purify :' 
 I'yr, Pyr'etos, irvpErog, (F.) Fievre. One of the 
 most frequent and dangerous affections to which 
 the body is liable. A person has an attack of 
 fever, when he is affected with rigors, followed by 
 increased heat of skin, quick pulse, languor, and 
 lassitude. Rigors, increased heat, and frequency 
 of pulse have each been assumed as the essential 
 character of fever. It is not characterized, how- 
 ever, by any one, but depends upon the coexist- 
 ence of many symptoms. Fevers have been usu- 
 ally divided into idiopathic or essential, and into 
 symptomatic. The idiopathic arise without any 
 obvious local cause. The symptomatic are de- 
 pendent upon local irritation. Idiopathic fevers 
 may be divided into three classes : 1. Those at- 
 tended with distinct paroxysms: — intermittents. 
 2. Remittent and continued fevers : and, 3. Fevers 
 complicated with eruptions or the exanthema- 
 tous. These divisions admit of great variety, 
 owing to climate, season, soil, age, <fcc. All ages 
 and climates are liable to fever; and its exciting 
 causes are very numerous. These causes may be 
 common; as irritations in the intestines ; external 
 injuries, stimulants, &c.,* or they may be specific; 
 as miasmata, contagion, &c. The greatest diver- 
 sity has prevailed regarding the theory of fever. 
 Its primary seat has been placed in the brain, 
 mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, 
 skin, nerves, blood-vessels, liver, vena cava, pan- 
 creas, &o. It would seem, however, that al- 
 though, in fever, the whole of the functions are 
 morbidly impressed, the arguments in favour of 
 the impression being first made on the nervous 
 system and the system of nutrition are the 
 strongest. The exciting cause of fever, whatever 
 it may be, produces an irregular action in the 
 system of nutrition, which is soon conveyed to the 
 rest of the system, owing to the extensive sym- 
 pathy which exists between every part of the 
 body ; and it is probable, that all those local in- 
 flammations and congestions are the consequence, 
 rather than the cause, of this disordered condi- 
 tion of the system. The general character of 
 fever is clearly shown by examination of the 
 blood. "When fever is devoid of inflammatory 
 complication, the quantity of fibrin is in no case 
 augmented. It frequently remains in the healthy 
 proportion, and at times diminishes to an extent 
 not met with in any other acute disease. The 
 alteration of the blood in fevers, which consists 
 generally in a diminution of the filsrinous element, 
 is the reverse of what occurs in inflammation. 
 
 Many phenomena of fever are influenced by 
 that periodicity, which we notice in the execution 
 of several of the functions of the body. The 
 types of intermittents are strong evidences of 
 such an influence. 
 
 Jn the treatment of fever, it is important, 1. To 
 Dear in mind its tendency, particularly in the case 
 of the exanthemata, to run a definite course, and 
 terminate in restoration to health. 2. The dispo- 
 liition to local determination or hypcrosmife : — 
 the most frequent cause of the fatal termination 
 of fever: a circumstance requiring the vigilant 
 attention of the physician. 3. That the symp- 
 
 toms must be attentively studied, in order to de- 
 duce, as far as possible from them, theindicationa 
 of cure. Lastly, attention must be paid to th"? 
 prevalent epidemic. There are particular seasons 
 in which fevers are very malignant ; and others 
 in which they are as mild; circumstances which 
 necessarily have an eff'ect upon the treatment. 
 
 Fever and Ague, Intermittent Fever — f. Ac- 
 climating, F. strangers'. 
 
 Feveh, Ade'no-Menixge'al, Fehris adc'no- 
 meningea, Fehris rnesenter'ica (Baglivi,) 3/orltia 
 muco'sus, Fehris mveo'sa; ilncons fever, Gastro- 
 duodenop'yra, Pitu'itous Fever, Catnr'rhal Fever, 
 Phlegmap'yra, Phlegmop'yra, Phlegmatop'yra, 
 Gastro- Bronchi' tis. Fever, accompanied with 
 considerable mucous secretion; especially from 
 the digestive tube. 
 
 Fever, Adynam'ic, Fehris adynarn'ica, Asthe- 
 nicop'yra, Asthenicopy' retus, Asthenop'yra, Asthe- 
 nopyr'ettis. Fever attended with great prostra- 
 tion of the vital powers — as Typhoid and Typhus 
 fever. 
 
 Fever, African, Fehris Afriea'na. The ma- 
 lignant bilious remittent fever, which prevails on 
 the Western Coast of Africa. 
 Fetee, Algid, see Algidus. 
 Fevek, ANOM'ALors, Fehris anom'ala, F. er- 
 rat'ica, F. irregida'ris, F. vaga. A fever, whose 
 progress and type are irregular. 
 
 Fever, Aphon'ic, Fehris apho'iiica. A variety 
 of intermittent, in which the voice is lost during 
 the paroxysm. 
 
 Fever, Apoplec'tic, Fehris apoplee'tica, Com'~ 
 atose Fever, Fehris comalo'des, F. Lethar'gica,F, 
 soporo'sa. An intermittent or continued fever, 
 attended with apoplectic symptoms. 
 
 Fever, Articular Eruptive, Dengue — f. Ar- 
 ticular rheumatic. Dengue. 
 
 Fever, Artific"ial, Fehris artificia'lis, Fehris 
 arte promo'ta. Fever produced designedly by 
 the internal or external use of stimulants. 
 
 Fever, Asthen'ic, Fehris asthen'ica. Fever 
 accompanied with debility. It may include every 
 variety of fever under certain circumstances, but 
 is generally appropriated to typhus. 
 
 Fever, Asthmat'ic, Fehris asthinat'ica. A 
 pernicious intermittent, accompanied with symp- 
 toms of asthma. 
 
 Fever, Ataxo-ADTnam'ic ; Fehris atax'o-ady- 
 nam'iea. Fever characterized by symptoms of 
 ataxia and adynamia. 
 
 Feter, Barcelona, Fever, yellow — f. Bas- 
 tard, Illegitimate fever. 
 
 Feyer, Bil'ious, Fehris hilio'sa, F. poIycJiol'- 
 ica, Syn'ochus hilio'sa, F. aso'des, F. choler'ica, 
 F. gas'trica, F. hepat'ica, Cholep'yra, Cholepjyr'- 
 etus, Hepatogastrocholo'ais, Fehris cholepyret'ica, 
 Enterop'yra hilio'sa, Choloze'mia fehri'lia. The 
 common remittent fever of summer and autumn ; 
 generally supposed to be owing to, or connected 
 with, derangement of the biliary system. 
 
 Fever, Bilious Remitting, Yellow, Fever, 
 yellow — f. Bladdery, Pemphigus. 
 
 Fever, Boa Vista. A malignant bilious re- 
 mittent fever, greatly resembling yellow fever, 
 which was very fatal at Fernando Po, and in 
 ships in its waters, in the year 1845. 
 
 Fever, Bona. A malignant paludal fever, 
 which prevailed amongst the troops of the garri- 
 son at Bona in Algeria, from 1832 to 1836. 
 
 Fever, Bone, see Inflammation — f. Bouquet, 
 Dengue — f Brain, F. cerebral, Phrenitis — f. 
 Brain, water. Hydrocephalus internus-— f. Bucket, 
 Dengue — f Bulam, Fever, yellow — f. Camp, Ty- 
 phus gravior. 
 
 Fever, Cardial'gic, Fehris cardial'gica. A 
 variety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
 with violent cardialgia during the paroxysm. 
 
FEVER 
 
 375 
 
 FEVER 
 
 Feveh, Cahdit'ic. Intermittent fever, accom- 
 panied with pain at the heart. 
 
 Fever, Catarrhal, F. adeno-meningeal. 
 
 Fever, Cephalal'gic, Febris cejihahd'gica. 
 A pernicious intermittent, accompanied with in- 
 tense pain of the head. Also, intermittent ce- 
 phalalgia. 
 
 Fever, Cephal'ic, Fehrh cephal'ica. A fe- 
 brile afifcction of children — intermediate between 
 the acute form of active cerebral congestion and 
 the chronic form — which is attended by fever, 
 pain in the head, disorder, or more generally 
 constipation of the bowels, and a train of pheno- 
 mena often supposed to be premonitory of an at- 
 tack of hydrocephalus. — Mauthner. 
 
 Fever, Cer'ebral, Brain fever. Fever, ge- 
 nerally of an ataxic character, in which the brain 
 is '■oasiderably affected. 
 
 Fevee, Childbed, Fever, puerperal. Puerperal 
 Fever — f. Childbed, Low, see Peritonitis. 
 
 Fever, Chol'eric, Fehris cTioler'ica. A va- 
 riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
 with symptoms of cholera morbus. 
 
 Fever, Choleric, op luFAifTS, Cholera in- 
 fantum. 
 
 Fever, Chronic, Febris chron'iea. Some au- 
 thors apply this name to protracted fevers ; others 
 to hectic fever. 
 
 Fever, CoLLiQ'trATiVE, Fehris tah'ida, Fehris 
 colliquati'va. Fever, characterized by rapid 
 emaciation, copious evacuations, and rapid pros- 
 tration of strength. 
 
 Fever, Comatose, F. apoplectic. 
 
 Fever, Conges'tive, Febris eongesti'va. Fe- 
 ver accompanied by obscure symptoms ; or by 
 great oppression and depression ; in which it is 
 difiicult — and often impossible — to induce reac- 
 tion. Congestive fevers occur in various parts 
 of this country, especially in the fall ; and they 
 are very common in India. The term congestive 
 fever is often used in some parts of the south of 
 the United States very indefinitely — to include 
 winter typhus, and typhoid fevers, typhoid pneu- 
 monia, as well as intermittents and autumnal re- 
 mitten ts.-^Dickson. 
 
 Fever, Continent, see Continent and Con- 
 tinued fever — f. Continual, see Continued fever 
 — f. Continued, common, Synochus. 
 
 Fever, Convul'sive, Febris conmdsi'va. A 
 pernicious intermittent or remittent, accompanied 
 by convulsions. 
 
 Fever, Delir'ious, Fehris cum delir'io, (F.) 
 Fivere delirante. A pernicious intermittent, cha- 
 ra,eterized by delirium in the paroxysms. 
 
 Fever, Dep'uratory, Fehris depurato'ria. 
 A fever, to which was attributed the property of 
 purifying the blood ,• or which indicated, that 
 Buch a supposed depuration had occurred. 
 
 Fever, Diaphoeet'ic, Fehris diajjhoret'ica, 
 Febris stidato'ria. A pernicious intermittent, 
 with excessive sweating during the fit. 
 
 Fever, Diary, Ephemera. 
 
 Fever, Diges'tive. The chilliness, followed 
 by increased heat and quickness of pulse, which 
 frequently accompanies digestion. 
 
 Fever, Double, (F.) Fievre double ou doublee. 
 An intermittent, which has two paroxysms in a 
 given time, instead of one. 
 
 Fever, Double-Quartan. A fever, whose 
 paroxysms occur two days in succession, and fail 
 the third day ; the first paroxysm resembling the 
 4th ; and the second the 5th. 
 
 Fever, Double-Quotidian. An intermittent, 
 whose paroxysms return twice every day at cor- 
 responding hours. 
 
 Fever, Double-Tertian. An intermittent, 
 whose paroxysms return every day; the first 
 
 corresponding with the 3d, the second with the 
 4th, and so on. 
 
 Fever, Duodec"imane, Fehris duodecim'ana. 
 A supposititious intermittent, whose paroxysms 
 recur on the 12th day, or every 11 days. 
 
 Fever, Dynamic, Synocha — f. Endemial, Ho- 
 mittent F. — f. Endemic, Remittent F. — f. En • 
 dcmical. Remittent F. — f. Enteric, see Typhus — 
 f. Ephemeral, Ephemera. 
 
 Fever, Epilep'tic, Fehris epilep'tica. A va- 
 riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
 with attacks of epilepsy. 
 
 Fever, Erot'ic, Febris erot'ica, (F.) Fievre 
 d'amour. A chronic fever, occasioned byunprO' 
 pitious love. 
 
 Fever, Errat'ic, see Erratic — f. Eruptive, 
 Exanthematica — f. Eruptive, articular. Dengue 
 — f. Exacerbating, Remittent Fevei-. 
 
 Fever, Fainting, of Persia. A singular and 
 fatal epidemic, presenting some points of analogy 
 with cholera, which prevailed at Teheran in the 
 autumn of 1842. 
 
 Fever, Gan'grenous, Febris gangrano'des. 
 Fever, accompanied by gangrene of various parts, 
 and especially of the limbs and genitals. Senae 
 describes an intermittent of this kind. 
 
 Fever, Gasteal'gic. An intermittent accom- 
 panied with acute burning laceradng pain at the 
 stomach. 
 
 Fever, Gastric, Febris gas'trica, F. gas'trica 
 bilio'sa, Gastrocholo'sis, Hepatogastrochulo'sis, 
 Stomach'ic fever,. Syii'ochus Bilio'sa. A name, 
 given by some to bilious fever, which has ap- 
 peared to them to be dependent on an affection of 
 the stomach. Also, called 3Ienin' go-gastric fever, 
 Febris meningo-gae'triea, Ileningo-gastri'tis, Har- 
 vest fever, (F.) Fievre de la Moisson, F. 3Ieningo- 
 gastrique. 
 
 Fever, Gastro-Adynaji'ic, Fehris gastro- 
 adynam'ica. A fever, in which the symptoas 
 of bilious fever are joined with those of adynamic 
 fever. 
 
 Fever, Gastro-Angioten'ic. A fever, in 
 which the symptoms of bilious are united with 
 those of inflammatory fever. 
 
 Fever, Gastro-Atax'ic. A fever, in which 
 the symptoms of bilious fever are united with 
 those of ataxic fever. 
 
 Fever, Gibraltar, Fever, yellow — f. Harvest, 
 F. Gastric — f. HfEmagastric, F. yellow. 
 
 Fever, H^mop'toic, Fehris Ilamopto' ica. A 
 variety of masked intermittent, in which periodi- 
 cal hsemoptysis is the chief symptom. 
 
 Fever, Hay, Catarr'hus cBsti'viis, Summer Ca- 
 tarrh, Hay Asthma, Rose Catarrh, Summer Bron- 
 chi'tis. A catarrh, to which certain persons are 
 subject in summer, and which has been ascribed 
 in England to the efiluvium of hay, but this is 
 not the probable cause. It is a catarrh with 
 sneezing, headach, weeping, snuffling and cough, 
 with, at times, fever and general discomfort. It 
 is not uncommon in this country. It disappears 
 spontaneously, — to recur on subsequent years 
 about the same period. 
 
 Fever, Hebdom'adal. A supposititious fever, 
 whose paroxysms return weekly, and on the same 
 day. 
 
 Fever, Hectic, see Consumption, and Hectic 
 Fever. 
 
 Fever, Hepat'ic or Hepatal'gic. A perni- 
 cious intermittent, with violent pain in the right 
 hypoehondrium. 
 
 Fever, Hill. A modification of remittent, 
 occurring in the hilly districts of India. 
 
 Fevee, Hospital, Tj^phus gravior. 
 
 Fever, Hu'moral, Febris humora'lis. Fever, 
 in which an alteration or detprioration of the hu- 
 mours is suspected. 
 
FEVER 
 
 376 
 
 FEVER 
 
 Fever, HrN'cART, Fehris Hungar'ica seu 
 ' Pannon' iea seu Morbus Ungar'icus, Cephalon'- 
 ntus, Vermis cer'ebri, (F.) Filvre Hongroise ou 
 de Hongrie. An epidemic typhus, common 
 amongst the soldiers in barracks, in Hungary. 
 
 Fever, Htdrophob'ic, Fehria hi/drophob'ica. 
 Pernicious intermittent with dread of liquids. 
 
 Fever, Hyster'ic, Febria hyster'ica. Hyste- 
 ria, accompanied by fever. Hysteria, occurring 
 •with each paroxysm of intermittent. 
 
 Fever, Icter'ic, Febris icter'ica. Fever, ac- 
 companied by jaundice. Some intermittents ex- 
 hibit this comjjlication at each paroxysm. 
 
 Fever, In'fantile E,emit'tent, Febris infan'- 
 tnm, remit'tens, F. vermino'sa, (of many). Spurious 
 worra fever, Remittent fever of children, F. muco'- 
 »a vermino'sa, Hec'tica infan'tilis, Febris lento.. 
 A fever occurring in childhood, which often as- 
 sumes many of the characters of hydrocephalus. 
 It appears generally to be dependent upon a 
 morbid condition of the stomach and bowels. 
 
 Fever, Inflammatory, Synocha. 
 
 Fever, Insid'ious. Fever, which, at first, 
 seems devoid of danger, but subsequently becomes 
 of a more or less malignant character. 
 
 Fever, Intermittent, see Intermittent fever 
 — f. Jail, Tyjihus gravior — f. Jungle, see Jungle 
 fever — f. Lenticular, MUiary fever — f. Irritative, 
 Irritation, morbid. 
 
 Fever, Lo'chial, Fehris locMa'lis. That ac- 
 celeration of the circulation which sometimes 
 occurs during the discharge of the lochia. 
 
 Fever, Lung, Catarrh, Pneumonia. 
 
 Fever, Malig'nant, Febris malig'na. Fever 
 which makes its approaches insidiously, and sub- 
 sequently becomes formidable. Any fever which 
 exhibits a very dangerous aspect. Typihus gra- 
 vior. 
 
 Fever, Malig'nant Pestilential, Fever, 
 yellow — f. Marsh, Elodes (febris.) 
 
 Fever, Masked, Fehris larva' ta, (F.) Fievre 
 larvee, Dead Ague, Dumb Ague. Anomalous in- 
 termittent, the paroxysms of which have not the 
 regular stages. 
 
 Fever, Meningo- gastric. Fever gastric. 
 
 Fever, Mesenter'ic, Fehris mesenter'ica. A 
 name given, by Baglivi, to a species of fever 
 which appears to have belonged either to the 
 ■mucous or bilious. 
 
 Fever, Milk, Febris lac' tea, (F.) Fievre de 
 lait ou laiteuse, F. lactee ; Galactop'yra, Galac- 
 topyr'etus. The fever, which precedes or accom- 
 panies the secretion of milk in women recently 
 delivered. It comes on generally about the third 
 day after delivery, and is characterized by quick 
 pulse; increased heat; redness of face; diminu- 
 tion or temporary suspension of the lochial dis- 
 charge; tumefaction and tension of the breasts. 
 It commonly terminates in twenty-four hours, 
 and often with profuse perspiration. It requires 
 the use of antiphlogistics, with dry diet. 
 
 Fever, Mixed, Synochus — f. Mucous, F. ade- 
 no-meningeal. 
 
 Fever Nephrit'ic, Fehris nepArit'ica. Inter- 
 mittent fever, accompanied with nephritic pain 
 during the paroxysm. 
 
 Fever, Nervotjs, Febris nervo'sa seu nenro'- 
 des, Febris lenta nervo'sa, Neurop'yra,Neuropyr'- 
 ttus. A variety of Typhus; the Tyjjhus mitior 
 of CuUen. By many, however, it is esteemed a 
 distinct disease. See Typhoid fever. 
 
 Fever, Xervous, with Exanthematous 
 Eruption, Typhus. 
 
 Fever, Niger. A malignant fever, of the 
 Ijilious remittent kind, which proved fatal to 
 many in the expeditions sent out by the British 
 j;i)vernment to exy^lore the Niger, in the years 
 li^-i] -2, and previously 
 
 Fever, Non'ane, Fehris nona'na. A supposi- 
 titious fever, whose paroxysms recur every ninth 
 day, or every eight days. 
 
 Fever, Oc'tane, Febris octa'na. An intermit- 
 tent, whose paroxj'sms recur every eighth day. 
 
 Fever, Paltdal, Intermittent — f. Paroxys- 
 mal, Remittent fever — f. Periodic, Intermittent. 
 
 Fever, Peeiod'ical, Febris per-iod'ica. An 
 intermittent or remittent fever. 
 
 Fever Peenic"ious, Febris pernicio'sa. In- 
 termittent fever, when attended with great dan- 
 ger, and which destroys the majority of those 
 affected by it in the first four or five paroxysms ; 
 sometimes in the very first. 
 
 Fever, Pestilen'tial, Febris pestilentia'Us. 
 The Plague. Also a severe case of typhus. The 
 yellow fever and sweating sickness have, like- 
 wise, been thus designated. 
 
 Fever, Pestilential, of Cattle, Murr — f. 
 Pituitous, F. adeno-meningeal. 
 
 Fever, Pleurit'ic. An intermittent or re- 
 mittent, accompanied with inflammation of the 
 pleura. 
 
 Fever, Pneumon'ic, Febris pneumon'ica. An 
 intermittent, accompanied with inflammation of 
 the lungs. Also, pneumonia. 
 
 Fever Poison, see Poison. 
 
 Fever, Pseudo. Irritation, morbid. 
 
 Fever, Puer'peral, Febrispuerpera'lis, Child- 
 bed fever, (F.) Fievre puerperale. This name 
 has been given to several acute diseases, su- 
 pervening on delivery. It means, generally, a 
 malignant variety of peritonitis, which runs its 
 course very rapidly, and passes into a typhoid 
 condition, unless met, at the very onset, by the 
 most active depleting measures. By the gene- 
 rality of practitioners, it is esteemed to be emi- 
 nently contagious ; some, however, deny that it 
 is so. See Peritonitis, and Puerperal fever. 
 
 Fever, Puerperal Adynamic or Malignant, 
 see Peritonitis. 
 
 Fever, Puking, Milk sickness. 
 
 Fever, Pu'rulent, Febris purulen'ta. Fever, 
 which accompanies suppuration. 
 
 Fever, Putrid, Typhus gravior. 
 
 Fever, Quintan, Febris quinta'na. A fever, 
 whose paroxysms return every fifth day. It is 
 seen rarely, or never. 
 
 Fever, Quotidian, see Quotidian — f. Red 
 Tongue, see Typhus. 
 
 Fever, Reg'ular, Fehris regula'ris seu ex- 
 quisi'ta. An intermittent whose paroxysms fol- 
 low a determinate type. It is opposed to atypic. 
 Sometimes opposed to anomalous. 
 
 Fever, Remittent, see Remittent Fever — f. 
 Remittent, infantile, see Fever, infantile remit- 
 tent — f. Remittent of children, F. infantile re- 
 mittent — f. Rheumatic, Rheumatism, acute — f. 
 Root, Triosteum perfoliatum. 
 
 Fever, Scorbu'tic, Febris scorbu'tica. The 
 febrile movement, which sometimes accompanies 
 scorbutus or scurvy. 
 
 Fever, Seasoning, F., strangers'. 
 
 Fever, Sec'ondary. A febrile condition, which 
 recurs in certain afi"ections after having ceased; 
 such as the secondary fever, which comes on at 
 the time of the maturation of the variolous 
 pustules, or as the eruption of scarlatina, <te., 
 disappears. 
 
 Fever, Septan, Fehris septa'na. An inter- 
 mittent, whose paroxysms recur every six days, 
 and consequently on the seventh. 
 
 Ff.ver, Sextan, Febris sexta'na. A fever, 
 which recurs every five days, and consequently 
 on the sixth. 
 
 Fever, Ship, see T3'phus. 
 
 Fever, Simple, Febris Simplex. Simple fever 
 is that which has no predominant character— 
 
FEVER 
 
 377 
 
 FIBRE 
 
 bilious, inflammatory, or nervous ,• and which is 
 unaccompanied by any local determination, hy- 
 perasmia, or complication. It may be continued, 
 remittent, or intermittent. 
 
 Fever, Simple Continued. This is the most 
 favourable form of continued fever, and has a 
 tendency to wear itself out, provided only the 
 IcFclentia be avoided. The prognosis is conse- 
 quently favourable, and the treatment simple ; 
 consisting ia perfect repose of body and mind, 
 abstinence, and relieving the thirst by cold 
 drinks. 
 
 Fever, SiNGtrL'TOUS, Fehris sincfulto'sa sen 
 li/r/mo'des sen lyngo'dea. Fever, accompanied 
 with singultus or hiccough. 
 
 Fever, Spotted, Typhus gravior. 
 
 Fever, STEn'conAh, Fein's stercora'lis. Fever, 
 produced by an accumulation of faeces in the in- 
 testines. 
 
 Fever, Stomachic, Gastric Fever. 
 
 Fever, Strangers', Aceli'mating or Seasoning 
 fever. Tellow, or remittent fever, which is en- 
 demic in certain places, and to which strangers 
 are especially liable. 
 
 Fever, Subcontinual, Remittent Fever. 
 
 Fever, Subintrant, Fehris suhin' trans. An 
 intermittent, in which one paroxysm is scarcely 
 finished before the other begins. 
 
 Fever, Sweating, Sudor Anglieus. 
 
 Fever, Syn'copal, Fehris syncopa'lis, F. mi- 
 nu'ta, (F.) Fievre syncopate. A variety of per- 
 nicious intermittent, in which there is, in every 
 paroxysm, one or more faintings. 
 
 Fever, Synochoid, Sj^nochus. 
 
 Fever, Stphilit'ic, Febris sypJiilit'ica. Fever, 
 accompanying syphilis, or supposed to be owing 
 to a syphilitic taint. 
 
 Fever, Ter'tian, Fehris tertia'na. A fever, 
 whose paroxysm returns on the third day, and 
 consequently every two days. 
 
 Fever, Trag"ic, Fehris Trag"ica. A low 
 fever, in which the patient declaims like an actor 
 during the delirium. 
 
 Feveh, Traumat'ic, Fehris traumat'ica. The 
 fever, which supervenes on wounds or great sur- 
 gical operations. 
 
 Fever, TypHorD, see Typhus — f. Typhoid, of 
 India, Cholera — f. Typhous. Typhus. 
 
 Fever, VER'sriNOCS, Fehris vermino'sa, Hel- 
 minthop'yra, Worm fever. Fever, produced by 
 the presence of worms in the digestive tube, or 
 accompanied by their expulsion. 
 
 Fever, Vernal, Fehris veriia'lis. An inter- 
 mittent or other fever occurring in the spring. 
 Vernal intermittents were formerly considered 
 salubrious. 
 
 " An agrae in the spring 
 Is pliysic for a king." 
 
 Fever, Vesicular, Pemphigus. 
 
 Fever, Wal'cheren, Gall-sickness. The re- 
 mittents and intermittents to which the British 
 txoops were exposed, who were attached to the 
 expedition to T\''alcheren, in 1809. 
 
 Fever, Water Braix, Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus — f. Winter, see Tongue, black — f. Worm, 
 Verminous F. — f. Worm, spurious. Fever, infan- 
 tile remittent. 
 
 Fever, Yellow, Fehris flava, F. seu Peftis 
 America'na, Cholo'sis America'na, Oehrofyphus, 
 Loimocholo' sis, F. flava Americano' rum, Pesti- 
 J-eii'tia hcemogas'trica, Pestis oecidenta'lis seu in- 
 tertrop'ica, Vom'itus niger, Epan'etus malignus 
 flavus, Remitt'ens ictero'des, TritcBopli' ya Ameri- 
 ca'na, Typhus ictero'des, F.trop'icns, F.contin'ua 
 pu'trida ictero'des Caroliniensis, F. Elo'des icte- 
 ro'des, Fehris malig'na bilio'saAmer'iccB, OcTii'op'- 
 yra, Syn'oehus ictero'des, Fievre matelote, Fehris 
 malig'na flava In'dim Oecidenta'lis, Ende'mial 
 
 Caiisus of the West Indies, Causus trop'icus en- 
 dem' icns, B ilious remitting yellow fever, Maligna at 
 pestilential fever , Fievre Jaune d'Ameriqxie, Fievre 
 gastro-adynamique, Typhus miasmatique ataxiqve 
 putride jaune, T. jaune, Vomito prieto, Vomito 
 negro, Mai de Siam, Fievre de la Barhade, F. de 
 Siam, F. Icterique, F. Gastro-hepatique, Hcsma- 
 gas'tric Fever or Pes'tilcnce, Black vomit, Fehris 
 tox'ica, Febris trop'ica, Typhus d' Amerique, Bu- 
 lam Fever, Gibraltar Fever, Barcelona Fever. A 
 very acute and dangerous febrile affection ; so 
 called, because complicated, in its second stage, 
 with jaundice, and accompanied by vomiting of 
 black matter. Sauvages, Cullen, and others re- 
 gard it as a variety of typhus ; and Pinel, as a 
 species of gastro-adynamic, or bilious putrid fever. 
 It occurs, endemieally, only within the tropics ; 
 but it has been met with epidemically in tho 
 temperate regions. Broussais regards the disease 
 as gastro-enteritis, exasperated by atmospheric 
 heat; so that it runs through its stages with 
 much greater rapidity than the gastro-enteritia 
 of our climates. The yellow colour of the skin, 
 according to him, is owing to the inflammation 
 of the small intestine, — and especially of the duo- 
 denum, — augmenting the secretion of the liver, 
 and at the same time preventing its discharge 
 into the duodenum. The pathology of this affec- 
 tion, as well as its origin, is still unsettled. The 
 treatment must generally be of the most active 
 nature at the onset; consisting in bleeding largely, 
 and exhibiting mercury, so as to excite a new 
 action, if possible; — the other symptoms being 
 combated according to general principles. It 
 must vary, however, according to the epidemic. 
 
 FEVERBUSH, Laurus benzoin, Prinos. 
 
 FEVER DROPS, Warburg's, see Bebeeru. 
 
 FEVERET, Febricula. 
 
 FEVERFEW, Matricaria. 
 
 FE'VERISH, Fe'verotis, Feb'riens, Fehrico'sns, 
 (F.) Fievreux, from fehris, 'fever.' That which 
 causes fever or is febrifa'cient or febrif'ic; as 
 feverish food, feverish diathesis, kc. Also, the 
 state of one labouring under fever, Feversick. 
 
 FE'VERISHNESS, Febricita'tio, Fehriculos'- 
 ity. The state of having fever. A slight febrile 
 disorder. 
 
 FEVEROUS, Feverish. 
 
 FEVERROOT, Pterospora andromedea. 
 
 FEVERSICK, see Feverish. 
 
 FEVERTREE, Pinckneya pubens. 
 
 FEVERWOOD, Laurus benzoin. 
 
 FEVERWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Tri- 
 osteum. 
 
 FIBER, Castor fiber. 
 
 FIBRA, Fibre — f. Aurea, Coptis — f. Nervea, 
 Nerve-fibre — f. Sanguinis, Fibrin. 
 
 FIBR^ ARCIFORMES, see Arciform. 
 
 FIBRE, Fihra, Is, Ctedon, Filiim. An organic 
 filament, of a solid consistence, and more or less 
 extensible, which enters into the composition of 
 every animal and vegetable texture. The simple 
 or elementary fibre of the ancients, from a parti- 
 cular assemblage and arrangement of which every 
 texture of the body was conceived to be consti- 
 tuted, seems entirely ideal. The moderns usually 
 admit, with Haller and Blumenbach, three ele- 
 mentary fibres or tissues. 1. The ce/^((/frr or lami- 
 nated, formed chiefly of thin plates, of a whitish 
 colour and extensible, which seems to consist of 
 concrete gelatin. 2. The nervous, pxdpy, or med'~ 
 ullary, formed of a soft substance, contained in 
 a cellular sheath, and consisting of albumen 
 united to a fatty matter. 3. The muscular, com- 
 posed of round filaments, of a grayish or reddish 
 colour, and formed of fibrin. Chaussier has added 
 to these the alhugineous fibre, but it Eeeiad to 
 
FIBEIL 
 
 srs 
 
 FIDERIS 
 
 differ from the cellular fibre only in greater con- 
 deD»ation of the molecules. See Fibrous. 
 
 A very small or ultimate fibre is called a Fibril, 
 Fibril' la. 
 
 Fibre, Albdgineous, see Albuginea. 
 
 FIBRES, CONVERG"INGI-. Nervous fibres, 
 •whose office it is to associate diiferent portions 
 of the nervous centres with each other. They 
 form the Commissures. 
 
 Fibres, Diveiig"ing. The fibres composing the 
 columns of the medulla oblongata, which separate 
 in their progress to the periphery of the cerebrum 
 and cerebellum. — Gall and Spurzheim. 
 
 Fibres, Remak. Fibres described by Remak 
 as peculiar to the sympathetic nerve, but which 
 Valentin considers to be neurilemma, and to con- 
 sist of fibro-cellular bundles. 
 
 FIBRIL, see Fibre. 
 
 FIBRILLA, Fibril — f. Muscularis, Muscular 
 fibre. 
 
 FI'BRIN" or FiVrin, Fibrine, Fibri'na, Fi- 
 hri'ne, . Fibra san'guinis, Mate'ria fihro'sa, Lym- 
 2>ha plas'iica. An immediate animal principle 
 — solid, white, and inodorous; insipid; heavier 
 than water; without action on the vegetable 
 blues: elastic, when moist; hard and brittle 
 when dry. It enters into the composition of the 
 chyle and the blood, and forms the chief part of 
 the muscles of red-blooded animals. In certain 
 diseased actions. Fibrin or Coagulable lymph, 
 gluten, is separated from the blood, and is found 
 in considerable q^uantity on the surfaces of mem- 
 branes, and in the cavities of the body. See 
 Liquor Sanguinis. 
 
 Fibrin is likewise a proximate principle of 
 vegetables, and diifers but little in chemical com- 
 pogition from animal fibrin ; nor does it differ 
 much from albumen and casein. It is, however, 
 more organizable than either. Albumen appears 
 to be converted into fibrin, when it becomes emi- 
 nently adapted for the formation of living tissue. 
 
 Fibrin is very nutritious. 
 
 FIBRINA'TION, Fibrina'tio. The act of 
 adding fibrin to the blood. The opposite to deji- 
 hrination. 
 
 FIB'RINOUS, Fibrino'sus. Thatwhich is com- 
 posed of fibrin, or has the appearance of fibrin. 
 
 FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE, Fibro-cartila'go. An 
 organic tissue, partaking of the nature of the 
 fibrous tissue, and of that of cartilage. It is 
 dense, resisting, elastic, firm, supple, and flexible. 
 Fibro-cartilages are distinguished into, — 1. 3[em- 
 l»:aniform, or those which serve as moulds to cer- 
 tain parts, as the alas nasi and eyelids. 2. Vagi- 
 niform, or those which form sheaths for the 
 sliding of tendons. 3. Inter articular, those which 
 are met with in the moveable articulations. 4. 
 Uniting, (F.) Fibro-cartilages d'union, which form 
 a junction between two bones, as the symphysis 
 pubis. Fibro-cartilages are sometimes formed 
 adventitiously, as the result of a morbid process 
 in difi'erent organs. 
 
 Fibro-Cartilages, Tahsal, see Tarsus. 
 
 FIBROMA, Tumour, fibrous. 
 
 FIBRO-MUCOUS, Fibro-muco'sua. Possess- 
 ing the nature of fibrous and of mucous mem- 
 branes. A term applied to fibrous membranes, 
 which are intimately united with other mem- 
 branes of a mucous nature, as the ^j!V?nVaj'^ me»i- 
 irane, the membrane cf the urethra, Ac. 
 
 FIBRO-SEROUS, Fibi o-eero' sub. Possessing 
 the nature of fibrous and serous membranes. 
 Membranes, composed of a fibrous, and a serous 
 sheet, intimately united: — as the Dura Mater, 
 Pericardium, Tunica albiiginea testis, &c. 
 
 FI'BROUS, Fibro'sus. Composed of fibres. 
 Certain membranes, as the dura mater, perios- 
 
 teum, ligamentous capsules of the joints, <tc., are 
 fibrous. The fibrous system of Bichat includes 
 the system of organs formed by the albiigineous 
 fibre of Cbaussier. It comprises, particularly, 
 the periosteum and perichondrium ; the articular 
 capsules and ligaments; the tendons; the dura 
 mater, pericardium, tunica sclerotica, tunica al- 
 buginea testis, outer membrane of the spleen, 
 &c. Under simple fibrous tisanes, certain writers 
 have classed the -white and ydlnw fibrous tissues, 
 and areolar tissue. Both tLe yellow and the 
 white may be detected in tlie areolar tissue. The 
 ■white is said to exist alone in ligaments, tendons, 
 fibrous membranes, aponeuroses, <te. The yellow 
 exists separately in the middle coat of the arte- 
 ries, the chordae voeales, ligamentum nuchas of 
 quadrupeds, <fcc. It differs from the white in 
 possessing a high degree of elasticity. 
 
 Fibrous Growth, Tumour, fibrous — f. Matter 
 of the Brain, see Cerebrum — f. Membranes, see 
 Membranes, fibrous. 
 
 FIB'ULA, Cruris ra'dius, Camia minor, Os 
 per'one, Perone'tim, Fac"ile minus, Sura.Arnn'do 
 minor, Fist'ida Cruris, Tib'ia min'ima, Os tib'ia 
 minus, 'a clasp.' The splinter bone of the leg. 
 (F.) Perone. The long, small bone, situate at 
 the outer part of the leg. The superior or tibial 
 extremity of the fibula is rounded and forms the 
 caput or head. It is articulated with the tibia. 
 Its inferior or tarsal extremity is broader than 
 the superior. It is articulated with the tibia and 
 astragalus, and forms the malleolus externus or 
 uter ankle by means of its coronoid process. 
 The body of the bone has three faces, having 
 more or less prominent edges. It is separated 
 from the tibia by the interosseous space, and is 
 developed by three points of ossification ; one at 
 the body, and one at each extremity. It prevents 
 the foot from turning outwards. 
 
 FIBULAD, see Fibular Aspect. 
 
 FIBULAR, Peroneal. 
 
 Fibular Aspect. An aspect towards the sida 
 on which the fibula is situated. — Barclay. Fib'- 
 idad is used by the same writer adverbially, to 
 signify ' towards the fibular aspect.' 
 >IBULATIO, Infibulatio. 
 
 FIC, Ficus. 
 
 FICAIEE, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 FICARIA, Scrophularia aquatica — f. Commu- 
 nis, Ranunculus ficaria — f. Ranunculoides, Ra- 
 nunculus ficaria — f. Verna, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 FICATIO, Ficus. 
 
 FICOSA EMINENTIA, Ficus. 
 
 FICUS, Syce, Sy'cea, Sycum, Syco'sis, Syco'- 
 ma, Fica'tio, Fieo'sus Tumor, Fico'sa eminen'tia, 
 Maris'ca, (F.) Fie. A fleshy excrescence, often 
 soft and reddish, sometimes hard and scirrhous, 
 hanging by a peduncle, or formed like a fig; 
 occurring on the eyelids, chin, tongue, anus, or 
 organs of generation. The fici seated on the 
 last-mentioned pai-ts are generally of a syphilitic 
 character. 
 
 Ficus, E. Carica. 
 
 Ficus Car'ica, F. commu'nis. The systematic 
 name of the fig tree; (F.) Figw'er. Carica, 
 Ficus, Ficiis vulga'ris, Ficus cotnmu'nis, Syce, 
 avKv, (F.) Figue: the ^g — Ficus, (Ph. U. S.) — 
 is a pleasant fruit when ripe; as well as when 
 dried in the state in which it is found in the 
 shops. It is used, at times, in place of a eata^ 
 plasm ; especially in gum-boils. 
 
 Ficus Communis, F. Carica — f. Indise grana, 
 Coccus cacti — f. Indica, Musa paradisiaea, see 
 Caoutchouc and Lacea — f. Religiosa. see Laeca. 
 
 FIDERIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 waters, in the Canton of the Grisons, are strong, 
 acidulous, and alkaline and possess all the vir- 
 tues of the class. 
 
FIDGETS 
 
 379 
 
 FIOLE 
 
 FIDGETS. Of doubtful etymology. Bys- 
 p\or'ia simphx, D. nemo'sa, Urethis'nms simplex, 
 Tituha'tin, (P.) FretUlement. General restless- 
 ness and troublesome uneasiness of the nerves 
 and muscles ; with increased sensibility, and in- 
 ability of fixing the attention, accompanied with 
 a perpetual desire of changing the position. See 
 Agaccment des Nerfs. 
 
 FIDICINALES, Lumbricales manus. 
 
 FIEL, Bile. 
 
 FIELDWEED, Anthemis cotula, Erigeron 
 Philadelphicum. 
 
 FIEVRE, Fever—-/. d'Aeces, Intermittent 
 fever—/. Adynamiqne, Typhus — /. Algide, see 
 Algidus — /. d' Amour, Fever, erotic — / Angeio- 
 tenique, Synocha — /. Annuelle, see Annual Dis- 
 «ases — •/. Ardent, Ardent fever, Synocha — / 
 Afaxique, Typhus — /. de la Barhade, Fever, 
 yellow — /. Bulleuse, Pemphigus — /. des Camps, 
 Typhus gravior — / Catarrhale, Catarrh — /. Oa- 
 tarrhale epidemique, Influenza — -f. Cerehrale, Ce- 
 rebral fever — /. Cerebrale des Etifans, Hydroce- 
 phalus internus — /. Cholerique, Choleric fever — 
 /. de Consomption, see Consumption — /. Conti- 
 vente inflammatoire, Synocha — /. JDelirante, 
 Fever, delirious — /. Douhle, Fever, double — /. 
 Doublee, Fever, double — /. Entero-mesenterique, 
 Typhoid fever — -f. Etique, Hectic fever — /. Gastro- 
 adynamique. Fever, yellow — /. Gastro-hepa- 
 tique, Fever, yellow — f, Hectiqiie, Hectic fever 
 — /. de Hongrie, Fever, Hungaric — -/. d'Hopitcd, 
 Typhus gravior — /. Icterique, Fever, yellow — 
 /. Inflammatoire, Synocha — f. Intermittente, In- 
 termittent fever — f. Intermittente paludienne, see 
 Elodes — -f. Irritative, Synocha — ■/. Jaune d'Ame- 
 rique, Fever, yellow — /. Lactee, Fever, milk — /. 
 de Lait, Fever, milk — -f. Laiteuse, Fever, milk — 
 /. Larvee, Fever, masked — /. Lenticulaire, Ty- 
 phus gravior — ■/. dii Levant, Plague — /. des 3fa- 
 rais — Intermittent Fever — / Matelote, Fever, 
 yellow — -f, lleningo-gastrique, Fever, gastric — f. 
 Mesenteriqne, see Typhus — /. de la 3foisson, 
 Fever, gastric — /. MorhiUense, Rubeola — -f. Ner- 
 veuse, Typhus mitior — /. Nosocomiale, Typhus 
 gravior — ■/. Ortiee, Urticaria — f. Oseitanie, Osci- 
 tant fever — ■/._ Paludienne, see Elodes — f. Pirio- 
 dique, Intermittent fever — /. Peripneumonique, 
 Pneumonia—/. Pernicieuse delirante, see Delirious 
 — -f. Pleuretique, Pleurisy — -f. des Prisons, Typhus 
 gravior — / Pneumonique, Pneumonia — /. Pour- 
 piree. Scarlatina — /. Puerperale, Fever, puerpe- 
 ral, see Peritonitis — /. Quarte, Quartan — /. Qno- 
 tidienne. Quotidian — /. Remittente, Remittent 
 fever — /. Ehumatismale, Rheumatism, acute — 
 /. Rouge, Roseolse, Scarlatina—/. Sanguine, Sy- 
 nocha — /. Semitierce, Hemitriteea — /. de Siam, 
 Fever, yellow — f. Suante, Sudor Picardicus — /. 
 Syncopale, see Fever syncopal, and Syncopal — /. 
 Tierce, Tertian fever,/. Typho'ide, see Typhus — 
 /. Vesicvlaire, Pemphigus. 
 
 FIEVREUX, Feverish. 
 
 FIG, INDIAN, Cactus opuntia. 
 
 FIGUE, see Ficus carica. 
 
 FIGUIER, Ficus carica — /. d'Inde, Cactus 
 opuntia. 
 
 FIGURA VENOSA, Circulus venosus. 
 
 FIGURATIO, Imagination. 
 
 FIGURE^, Countenance. 
 
 FIGURE, (F.) An epithet for a compressive 
 bandage, applied over the head after bleeding 
 from the frontal vein. It has also been called 
 bandage royal. 
 
 FIGWORT, Scrophularia nodosa — f. "Water, 
 greater, Scrophularia aquatica. 
 
 FILACEOUS, Filamentous. 
 
 FILA NERVEA, Nerve-fibres. 
 
 FIL'AMENT, Fihm, Filamen'tum, ixomfilum, 
 
 'a thread.' This word is used synonymously 
 with fibril; thus, we say, a nervo7is or cellular 
 filament or fibril. Also, the glairy, thread-like 
 substance, which forms in the urine in some dis- 
 eases, and which depends on a particular secre- 
 tion from the mucous membrane of the urinary 
 passages. 
 
 FILAMEN'TOUS, Filamento'sus. Filaceous ; 
 threadlike ; filiform. Containing threadlike sub- 
 stances, as the tunica filamentosa or decidual 
 - — Filamentous wine; urine containing thread- 
 like substances. 
 
 FILAMENTUM, Fr»num. 
 
 FILARIA GUINEENSIS, Dracunculus — £ 
 Hominis bronchialis, see Worms — f. Medinensis, 
 Dracunculus — f. Oculi, see "Worms. 
 
 FILBERT, Corylus avellana. 
 
 FILELLUM, Frsenum. 
 
 FILET (DE LA LANGUE.) Fra?num— /. de 
 la Verge, Frsenum penis — /. Operation du, see 
 Fraenum. 
 
 FILETUM, Fraemtm linguiB. 
 
 FILICULA, Polypodium filix mas — f. Dulci?, 
 Polypodium vulgare. 
 
 FIL'IFORM, Filiform' is, from fi.him, 'a thread,' 
 and forma, 'form;' having the shape of a thread," 
 as the filiform papillm of the tongue. See Pa^ 
 pillfe. 
 
 FILING, Limatio. 
 
 FILIPENDULA, Spiraea filipendula. 
 
 FILIUS ANTE PATREM, Tussilago. 
 
 FILIX FCEMINEA, Pteris aquilina — f. Flo- 
 rida, Osmunda regalis — f. Mas, Polypodium filix 
 mas — f. Non ramosa dentata. Polj'podiura filix 
 mas — Nymphasa, Pteris aquilina — f. Pinnata, 
 Polypodium filix mas — f. Veneris, Adiantum pe. 
 datum. 
 
 FILLE, Girl. 
 
 FILLET, Fascia, Laqueus. 
 
 FILTRA'TION, Filtra'tio, Percola'tio, E'thi- 
 sis, Etliis'mus. A pharmaceutical operation, 
 which consists in passing a fluid through a filter 
 or strainer, for the purpose of clarifying it. In 
 ancient physiology, it meant the action by which 
 the difi'erent humours of the body are separated 
 from the mass of the blood. 
 
 FILTRUM. A filter. Any porous material : 
 such as sand, some kinds of freestone, powdered 
 charcoal, pounded glass, flannel, unsized paper, 
 &Q,., through which a fluid is passed for the purpose 
 of separating.it from the matters suspended in it. 
 
 FILUM, Filament — f. Musculare, Muscular 
 fibre — f. Taeniaforme, Tseniola. 
 
 FiLTJM Termixa'le. a slender ligament, pro- 
 longed from the nervous sheath, formed by the 
 spinal pia mater, which descends through the 
 centre of the cauda equina, and is attached to 
 the dura mater, lining the canal of the coccyx. 
 
 FIM'BRIA, Parar'ma. A band ; a fringe ; as 
 the fimbria or fimbriated extremity of the Fallo- 
 pian tube. 
 
 FIMBRIA CARNOS.E COLI, Epiploic ap- 
 pendages — f. Tubarum Fallopii, see Tube, Fal- 
 lopian. 
 
 FIMUS, Bor'borus, Onthus, Stercus. Dung: 
 excrement. 
 
 Fnitrs seu STERCtrs An'sebis, Goose-dvng, was 
 applied as a poultice to the feet in malignant 
 fever. See Chenoeoprus. 
 
 FlMUS Equi'nus, Sterevs eqni non castra'ti. 
 Stone horse-dung, was once thought anti-pleuritic. 
 
 FiMus Vacc^, Coxo-dung, was employed a; a 
 cataplasm, especially in gout. 
 
 FINCKLE, Anethum. 
 
 FINGER, Digitus — f. Ring, Annular finger— 
 f. Stall, Digitale. 
 
 FINIS ASPER^ ARTEEIiR, Larynx 
 
 FIOLE, Phiala. 
 
FIR 
 
 380 
 
 FISTULA 
 
 FIR, MOSS, UPRIGHT, Lycopodium selago 
 • — f. Scotch, Pinus sylvcstris — f. Spruce, Nor- 
 way, Pinus abies — f. Tree, silver, European, 
 Pinus picea — f. Yew-leaved, Pinus abies. 
 
 FIREDAMP, Hydrogen, carburetted— f. Per- 
 gian, Anthracion — f. St. Anthony's, Erysipelas — 
 f. Weed, Erechthites hieracifolia, Senecio. 
 
 FIRING, Cauterization. 
 
 FISHSKIN, Ichthyosis. 
 
 FISH-TONGUE. An instrument — so called 
 from its shape — used by some dentists for the re- 
 moval of the dentes sapientiffi. 
 
 FISSIGULA'TIO, from Jissiculare, 'to cut off,' 
 'open,' 'make incisions.' An old word for an 
 opening made with a scalpel. 
 
 FfSSTPARITE, see Generation. 
 
 FISSIPAROUS, see Generation. 
 
 FISSURA, Fissure— f. Capillorum, Distrix— f. 
 Contrajacens, Contra-fissura — f. Cerebri longitu- 
 dinalis, Fissure, longitudinal, of the Brain — f. 
 Magna vulvse, see Rima — f. Pilaris, Trichismus. 
 
 Fissu'ra Loxgitudixa'lis, Ante'rior bt Pos- 
 te'rior. Two vertical fissures in the median 
 line, in front of, and behind, the medulla oblon- 
 gata, which divide it s-uperficially into two sym- 
 metrical lateral columns. 
 
 FissuRA Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fis- 
 sure, transverse, of the Brain. 
 
 FISSURE, ii^mu'ra, Schisma, Scissu'ra, Rhege, 
 Rhegma, Rhegmus, from findere, ' to cleave ;' a 
 long and narrow cleft or opening in a bone — 
 Rhage, payn, Ceasma, Ktaaiia. (F.) Fissure, Fente. 
 
 Fissure has various acceptations. 1. A frac- 
 ture, Cntag'ma fissu'ra, in which the bone is 
 cracked, not separated, as in fracture. 2. A nar- 
 row, long, and superficial solution of continuity, 
 around the external openings of the mucous 
 membranes. A sort of chap, observed on the 
 hands, particularly on the callous hands, of 
 workmen, in certain mechanical employments. 
 3. Small, chapped ulcerations, sometimes noticed 
 in young children, owing to the contact of the 
 fasces and urine with the fine delicate skin of the 
 thighs, nates, and genital organs. 4. Clefts of a 
 more or less deep nature, occurring on the ge- 
 nital organs in the vicinity of the anus, in those 
 labouring under syphilis. These are usually 
 called rhagades. See Monster. 
 
 Fissure op Bichat, Fissure, transverse, of 
 the Brain — f. Capillary, see Pilatio. 
 
 Fissure, Central. The aggregate of the ca- 
 nities or ventricles of the brain. Meckel consi- 
 ders this but one cavity in the form of a cross. 
 
 Fissure of Glaser, Fissure, glenoid — f. of 
 Glaserius, F. Glenoid. 
 
 Fissure, Glenoid, Fissure of Glaaer or Glase'- 
 rius, (P.) Fissure ou Scissure de Glaser, Fente 
 qleno'idale ou Felitre de Glaser, divides the gle- 
 noid cavity of the temporal bone into two parts, 
 and gives passage to the chorda tympani, &c. 
 
 Fissure op the Helix. A small vertical fis- 
 sure of the helix of the ear, a little above the 
 tubercle for the attachment of the attrahens aurem 
 muscle. 
 
 Fissure, Inpraorbitar, Suborbitar fissure. 
 
 Fissure^ Longitudinal, op the Brain, Fis- 
 (tu'ra cer'ebri longitudina'lis. The space which 
 separates the two hemispheres of the brain. 
 
 Fissure, Orbitar, see Orbitar fissure — f. Or- 
 Intar, inferior, Spheno-maxillary fissure — f. Or- 
 bitar, superior. Sphenoidal Fissure. 
 
 Fissure of Rolan'do. A transverse fissure 
 placed between two superior cerebral convolu- 
 tions, which are met with above the fissure of 
 Sylvius. 
 
 Fissure, Semilu'nar. A notch at the ante- 
 nop edge cf the cerebellum, where it receives 
 
 fibres which connect it to the cerebellum an.d 
 mesocephalon. 
 
 Fissure of Syl'vius, Fissu'ra vel Fossa Mag- 
 na Syl'vii. A deep, narrow sulcus, which ascends 
 obliquely backwards from the temporal ala of the 
 sphenoid bone, near to the middle of the parietal 
 bone, and which parts the anterior and middle 
 lobes of the cerebrum on each side. 
 
 Fissure op Sylvius, Ventricle, fifth. 
 
 Fissure op the Tragus. A fissure on the an- 
 terior surface of the tragus of the ear. 
 
 Fissure, Transverse of the Brain, Greut 
 transverse fissure, Fissure of Bichat, Fissu'ra seu 
 Rima transver'sa magna cer'ebri. A fissure, 
 which passes beneath and behind the edge of the 
 middle lobe of the brain, and extends beneath 
 the hemisphere of one side to the same point of 
 the opposite side. 
 
 FIST, A. S. Fyftj Tvyfirt, Pygme, Pugnus, (F.) 
 Poing. The clenched hand. 
 
 FIS'TULA, Syrinx, Syrin'ga, Aulos — when of 
 a small size, Aulis'cos. A solution of continuity, 
 of greater or less depth and sinuositj' ; the open- 
 ing of which is narrow, and the disease kept up 
 by an altered texture of parts, so that it is not 
 disposed to heal. A fistula is incomplete or blind, 
 when it has but one opening ; and complete when 
 there are two, the one communicating with an 
 internal cavity, the other externally. It is lined, 
 in its whole course, by a membrane, which seems 
 analogous to mucous membranes. Incomplete 
 fistulce may be internal or external. The former 
 are those which open internally ; the latter those 
 which open externally. External incomj^lete fis- 
 tulce are kept up by caries or necrosis of bones, 
 by extraneous bodies in any of the living tex- 
 tures, or by purulent cavities, the walls of which 
 have not become united. Internal incomplete fis- 
 tulcB generally soon become complete, since the 
 discharge that escapes from them into the cavi- 
 ties into which they open, has a constant ten- 
 dency to make its way outwardly, and soon oc- 
 casions ulceration of the integuments. Fistulas 
 have received dilferent names, according to the 
 discharge which they afford, and the organs in 
 which they are seated, — as lachrymal, biliary, 
 salivary, synovial, urinary — Fis'tida uri'nce, 
 U'rins. The great object of treatment, in fistu- 
 lous sores, is to bring on an altered condition of 
 the parietes of the canal, by astringent or stimu- 
 lating injections, caustics, the knife, pressure, &c. 
 Those which are dependent on diseased bone, 
 cartilage, tendon, &c., do not heal until after the 
 exfoliation of the diseased part. Fistulse of ex- 
 cretory ducts are produced either by an injury 
 of the duct itself or by the retention and accu- 
 mulation of the fluids to which they have to give 
 passage. Thus, Fis'tulu lachryma'lis, Dacryo- 
 syr'inx, Emphrag'ma lachryma'le, Ilgdrops sacci 
 lachryma'lis. Dropsy of the lachrymal snc, com- 
 monly proceeds from the obliteration of the nasal 
 ducts, or from atony of the lachrj'mal sac; which 
 circumstances prevent the tears from passing into 
 the nostrils. 
 
 Fistula in And, Archosyr'inx, generally occurs 
 from some mechanical pressure or impediment. 
 The principal indication in the treatment of these 
 fistulce of the excretory canals being to put a stop 
 to the constant discharge of the secretions, &.C., 
 through the preternatural channel, the fistulous 
 passage is at times laid open, and a communica- 
 tion established with the natural excretory caual; 
 at others, strong pressure is employed to procure 
 its obliteration. 
 
 Fistula Belliniana, Uriniferous tube — f. Ci- 
 balis, (Esophagus — f. Cruris, Fibula — f. Dura) 
 matris. Sinus of the dura mater — f. Lachrymalis, 
 see Fistula — f. Nervorum, Neurilemma — f. Sacra, 
 
FISTULES STERCOBAIRES 
 
 3S1 
 
 FLEXOR 
 
 Medulla spinalis, Vertebral column — f. Spii-italis, 
 Trachea — f. Urinaria, Urethra — f. Ureterum re- 
 num, see Calix — f. Urinse, see Fistula — f. Ventri- 
 ouli, Oesophagus. 
 
 FISTULES STERCOBAIRES,, see Sterco- 
 laceous. 
 
 FIS'TULOUS, Fistulo'sus, Syring'Hcus, Syrin- 
 go'dea. Relating to, or resembling, a fistula ; as 
 ' a fistulous opening.' 
 
 FIT-ROOT, Moiiotropa uniflora. 
 
 FITS, NINE DAY, Trismus nascentium. 
 
 FIVE FINGERS, Panax quinquefolium. 
 
 FIXATIO MONONCEA, Melancholy. 
 
 FIXED, Fixns, from figere, ' to fasten.' A 
 body not capable of being volatilized by fire is 
 said to be fixed. Thus, we snj fixed oils, in con- 
 tradistinction to volatile oils. 
 
 FIXEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 spring is four leagues from Waldsassen, in Bava- 
 ria. It contains carbonic acid, holding in solu- 
 tion carbonates of lime and magnesia, chlorides 
 of lime and magnesia, carbonate of soda and 
 silica. In Bavaria, it replaces the Seltzer water. 
 
 FIXI DENTES. The teeth of the second den- 
 tition. 
 
 FLABELLA'TION, Flahella'tio, from flahel- 
 lare, to agitate the air. An operation recom- 
 mended by Ambrose Pare, which consists in 
 keeping fractured limbs cool, as well as the 
 dressings surrounding them, by the renewal of 
 the air around them, either by the use of a fan, 
 or the repeated change of position of the parts 
 affected. 
 
 FLABELLUM ET VENTILABRUM COR- 
 DIS, Pulmo. 
 
 FLACCID'ITY, Flaceid'itas, from flaceidus, 
 ' flabby,' ' soft.' Softness of a part, so as to offer 
 little resistance on pressure. 
 
 FLAG, BLUE, Iris versicolor — f. Dwarf, Iris 
 laeustris — f. Myrtle, Acorus calamus — f. Root, 
 Acorus calamus. 
 
 FLAGELLATIO, Mastigosis. 
 
 FLAMBE, Iris Germanica — /. Bdtard, Iris 
 pseudacorus. 
 
 FLAMBOISE, Ignis sylvaticus. 
 
 FLAME, VITAL, Vital principle. 
 
 FLAMMA, Fleam— f. Cordis, Biolychnium— f. 
 Vitalis, Biolychnium. 
 
 FLAM3IE, Fleam—/. Vitale, Vital principle. 
 
 FLAMMETTE, Fleam. 
 
 FLAMMON, Laohesis rhombeata. 
 
 FLAMMULA, Fleam, Bamincidus ficaria — f. 
 Cordis, Biolychnium — f. Jo vis, Clematis recta — 
 f. Vitalis, Animal heat, Biolychnium, Vital prin- 
 ciple. 
 
 FLANCKS, Flanks. 
 
 FLANKS, Tl'ia, Il'ea, La- gomes, La-p'ara, Ce- 
 veo'nes, (F.) Flancs, Les lies. The regions of the 
 body which extend, on the sides, from the infe- 
 rior margin of the chest to the crista ilii. 
 
 FLAP, (F.) Lamheau. A portion of the soft 
 parts of the body separated from those beneath, 
 but still attached by the base. Hence there may 
 be ' fla.p wounds,' (F.) Plains d lambeau.r, and 
 'fiap operations,' (F.) Operations d lambeaux. 
 
 Flap Operation of Amputation, Amjjutation 
 & Inmheaux. 
 
 FLAT TOP, Vernonia Neveboracensis. 
 
 FLATUARIUS, Alchymist. 
 
 FLAT'ULENCE, Flatiden'tia, Flatus, Flatu- 
 os'itas, Aeriflux'us, Pneumato'sis ventric'uli ct 
 Ph. enter' ica, Pneumatosis, Bdes'ma, Ili/per- 
 pneus'tia, Cijdon, Phijsa, Poh/pJiy'sia, Limo'sis 
 Fla'tns, Ereux'is, Bomhus, Flatuos'ity, Wind, 
 Wind'iness, Ventos'ity, Vapour, (F.) Ventosife, 
 Flatuosite. Emission of wind by the mouth or 
 anus, or accumulation of wind in the digestive 
 tube. 
 
 FLATULENT, Windy. 
 
 FLATULENTIA, Flatulence. 
 
 FLA TUOSITE, Flatulence. 
 
 FLATUOSITY, Flatulence. 
 
 FLATUS, Crepitation, Flatulence — f. Furiosus, 
 Ambulo-flatulentus — f Spinse, Spina ventosa. 
 
 FLAVEDO CORTICUM CITRI, see Citrus 
 medica. 
 
 FLAVOUR, from (F.) flair er, 'to smell.' The 
 quality of a sapid body, which is appreciated by 
 the taste and smell combined, and more espe- 
 cially by the latter. Some phj'siologists consider 
 that flavour is effected through the smell alone. 
 
 FLAVUS, Yellow. 
 
 FLAX, COMMON, Linum usitatissimum — f. 
 Purging, Linum cathartieum — f. Seed, see Linum 
 usitatissimum — f. Seed tea, Infusum lini compo- 
 situm — f. Toad, Antirhinum linaria. 
 
 FLEA, COMMON, Pulex irritans. 
 
 FLEABANE, GREAT, Conyza squarrosa— f. 
 Various-leaved, Erigeron heterophyllum — f. Bane, 
 Canada, Erigeron Canadense — f. Philadelphia, 
 Erigeron Philadelphicum — f. Skevish, Erigeron 
 Philadelphicum. 
 
 FLEAM, Flamma, Flam'mida, Schaste'rion, 
 Fosso'rium, PJilebot'omum.. A surgical instru- 
 ment used for the operation of phlebotomy. (F.) 
 Flamme, Flammette. It consists of a small me- 
 tallic box, containing a spear-pointed cutting in- 
 strument, which, by means of a spring, can bo 
 forced into the vein. It is much used in Ger- 
 many and some other European countries, and is 
 not unfrequently employed in America; but is 
 scarcely ever seen in France or Great Britain. 
 
 FLEAWORT, Plantago psyllium. 
 
 FLEGHISSEUB, Flexor—/. Court commun 
 des orteils. Flexor brevis digitorum pedis — /. 
 Court du petit doigt. Flexor parvus minimi digiti 
 — / Court du petit orteil, Flexor brevis minimi di- 
 giti pedis — /. Profond des doigfs. Flexor profun- 
 dus perforans — f. Sublime des doigts, Flexor sub- 
 limis perforatus — /. Superficiel des doigts. Flexor 
 sublimis perforatus — f. Court dugros orteil. Flexor 
 brevis poUicis pedis — -f. Grand commun des orteils, 
 Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo- 
 rans — f. Long commun des orteils, Flexor longus 
 digitorum pedis profundus perforans—/. Long dn 
 gros orteil. Flexor longus pollicis pedis — /. Court 
 du Pouee, Flexor brevis pollicis muniis. 
 
 FLECTENS PAR LUMBORUM, Quadratus 
 lumborum. 
 
 FLEGMEN, Flemen. 
 
 FLEMEN, Flegmen. A tumour aboui, the 
 ankles. Also, a chap on the feet and hauuA, 
 
 FLERECIN, Gout. 
 
 FLESH, Caro, Sarx, (?.) Chair. Every soft 
 part of an animal is so named ,• but more parti- 
 cularly the muscles, which are called muscuUxr 
 flesh. 
 
 Flesh, Proud, Fungosity. 
 
 FLETUS, Lachrymatio. 
 
 FLEUBS, Flowers, Menses—/". Blanches, hr-a- 
 corrhoea — /. de Muscade, Mace — /. de Sou/re, 
 Sulphur snislimatum. 
 
 FLEXIBIL'ITY, FlexihiVitas, from fleciert, 
 'to bend.' Capability of being bent. A physi- 
 cal property of the tissues, which varies greatly 
 according to the structure. The tendons exhibit 
 this property in a marked manner. 
 
 FLEXIO, Campsis, Flexion. 
 
 FLEX'ION, Flex'io, Campe, from fleetere, ' la 
 bend.' The state of being bent. The action of 
 a flexor muscle. 
 
 FLEXOR. Same etymon. (F.) Flechisseur. 
 A muscle, whose ofBee it is to bend certain parts. 
 
 Flexor Brevis Digito'rum Pedis Perpora'- 
 TUS, F. Subli'mis, Flexor brevis, Flexor digito' 
 rum brevis sive perforatus pedis, Perfora'twi peu 
 
FLEXOR 
 
 382 
 
 FLEXOR 
 
 flexor secun'di -inferno' dii digito'rum pedis, 
 Valeaneo-sous-phnlanqettien commun, — Galca- 
 n6o - sous - phal(t>i(/imen commun, — (Ch.) (F.) 
 Muscle court flechisseur commun des orteils. A 
 muscle, placed at the middle of the sole of the 
 foot. It is narrower and thicker behind than 
 before, where it is divided into four portions. It 
 atises from the posterior part of the inferior sur- 
 face of the OS calcis, and is inserted at the infe- 
 ferior surface of the second phalanx of the last 
 four toes. It bends the second phalanges of the 
 toes on the first, and the first on the metatarsal 
 bones ; in this manner augmenting the concavity 
 of the vault of the foot. 
 
 Flexor Brevis Minimi Digiti, F. parvus mi- 
 nimi digiti. 
 
 Flexor Brevis Min'imi Dig"iti Pedis, Para'- 
 thenar minor, (F.) Court JlecMsseur du petit orteil, 
 J'arso-sous-phalangien du petit orteil — (Ch.) A 
 muscle, situate at the anterior and outer part of 
 the sole of the foot. It arises from the posterior 
 extremity of the fifth metatarsal bone, and is in- 
 serted into the posterior part of the first phalanx 
 of the little toe, which it bends. 
 
 Flexor Bretis Pol'licis Manus, Flexor se- 
 cun'di interno'dii, Thenar, Flexor primi et se- 
 cun'di ossis pol'licis, (F.) Court JlecMsseur du 
 pouce, Carpophalangien du pouce — (Ch.) Demi- 
 interosseux du pouce. A muscle, situate at the 
 outer part of the palm of the hand. It is di- 
 vided into two portions by the tendon of the 
 Flexor longus pollicis. It arises from the os 
 magnum, the anterior annular ligament of the 
 carpus and the third metacarpal bone ; and is 
 inserted into the superior part of the first pha- 
 lanx of the thumb, and into the two ossa sesa- 
 moidea at the articulation of the first phalanx 
 with the first metacarpal bone. Its use is to bend 
 the first phalanx of the thumb on the first meta- 
 ^rpal bone, and the Latter upon the trapezium. 
 
 Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Pedis, ^^ea-o?- brevis. 
 Flexor hal'lucis vel brevis pol'licis, (F.) Tarso- 
 phalangien du pouce, Court JlecMsseur du gros 
 orteil, Tarso-soiis-phalangettien du premier orteil 
 — (Ch.) It is situate at the anterior and inner 
 part of the sole of the foot; is thin and narrow 
 behind, thick and divided into two portions be- 
 fore. It arises from the inferior part of the os 
 ealeis and the last two cuneiform bones, and is 
 inserted at the inferior part of the base of the 
 first phalanx of the great toe, and into the two 
 sesamoid bones of the corresponding metatarso- 
 phalangian articulation. It bends the first pha- 
 lank of the great toe on the first metacarpal bone. 
 
 Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris magnus — 
 f. Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital (muscles) — f. Hallu- 
 cis, F. brevis pollicis pedis — f. Ilallucis longus, 
 F. longus pollicis pedis. 
 
 Flexor Longus Digito'eum Pedis Propun'- 
 Dus Per'porans ; Per'Jorans seu Flexor projun' - 
 dus, Perodactyle' us, Peronodactyl'ius, Perono- 
 daetylics'us, Peronedacti/l'ius, Flexor digito'rum, 
 longus sive Perjorans pedis, Perjorans seu Flexor 
 tertii internodii digito' rum pedis ; (F.) Tibio-pJia- 
 langettien — (Ch.), Grand ou long JlecMsseur com- 
 mun des orteils. A muscle, situate at the poste- 
 rior and deep-seated part of the leg. It is broader 
 at its middle than at its extremities, the inferior of 
 "which is divided into four portions. It arises 
 from the posterior surface of the tibia, and its 
 tendons are attached to the posterior part of the 
 lower surface of the three phalanges of the last 
 four toes. It bends the three phalanges on each 
 other, and the toes on the metatarsus, and ex- 
 tends the foot on the leg. 
 
 The Accesso'rius Flexo'ris Longi Digito'rum 
 Pedis, Caro quadra'ta Syl'vii, C. a.cccsso'ria, 
 ilaun car'nea Jaco'bi Syl'vii, Planta'ria verua, 
 
 (F.) Accessoire du long JlecMsseur commun de* 
 orteils, Carree, is a small muscle of the sole of the 
 foot, which passes obliquely from the os calcis 
 to the outer edge of the flexor longus, whose force 
 it augments, and corrects its obliquitj'. 
 
 Flexor Longus Pol'licis Manus, Flexor lon- 
 gus pollicis. Flexor tertii interno'dii. Flexor ter- 
 tii internodii sive longis'simus pollicis; (F.) Pa- 
 dio-phalangettien du pouce, — (Ch.) Situate at 
 the anterior and profound part of the forearm. 
 It arises from the upper three quarters of the an- 
 terior surface of the radius and interosseous liga- 
 ment, and is inserted, by a tendon, into the an- 
 terior surface of the last phalanx of the thumb. 
 It bends the second phalanx of the thumb on the 
 first; the first on the corresponding metacarpal 
 bone, and this upon the radius. It can, also, 
 bend the hand on the forearm. 
 
 Flexor Longus Pollicis Pedis, Flexor Hal'- 
 lucis vel Pollicis longus, (F.) Peroneo-2}halangien 
 du gros orteil, Long JlicMsseur du gros orteil, Pe- 
 roneo-sous- Phalangettien du pouce, — (Ch.) < It is 
 situate at the posterior and profound part of the 
 leg. It arises from the posterior surface of the 
 fibula and the interosseous ligament, and is in- 
 serted, by means of a long tendon, into the infe- 
 rior part of the first phalanx of the great toe. It 
 bends the third phalanx on the first, and this 
 upon the corresponding metatarsal bone. It aug- 
 ments the concavity of the sole of the foot, and 
 extends the foot on the leg. 
 
 Flexor Parvus Min'imi Dig"iti, Abduc'tor 
 minimi digiti, Hypofli' enar Riola'ni, Flexor bre- 
 vis minimi digiti manus, Hypoth'enar minimi di- 
 giti, (F.) Carpo-phalangien du petit doigt — (Ch.), 
 Court Jlechisseur du petit doigt. It arises from 
 the anterior annular ligament of the carpus and 
 the process of the os unciforme, and is inserted at 
 the inner side of the superior extremity of the 
 first phalanx of the little finger. It bends the 
 first phalanx of the little finger. 
 
 Flexor Perforans, F. profundus perforans — 
 f. Perforatus, F. sublimis perforatus — f. Primi 
 internodii, Opponens pollicis — f. Primi internodii 
 digitorum manus, Lumbricalis manus — f. Primi 
 et secundi ossis pollicis, F. brevis pollicis manus. 
 
 Flexor Profun'dus Per'forans, F. Projun- 
 dus, F. Per'Jorans, F. Per'Jorans vulgo projun- 
 dus. Flexor ter'tii interno'dii digito'rum mands 
 vel Per'Jorans mands/ (F.) Cid>ito-plialangettien 
 commun — (Ch.,) Flechisseur 2^roJond des doigts. 
 A thick, flat, long muscle, seated beneath the 
 Flexor sublimis perjoratus. Its upper extremity 
 is simple,' and arises from the anterior surface of 
 the ulna and from the interosseus ligament. Its 
 inferior extremity terminates by four tendons, 
 which, after having passed through the slits in 
 the sublimis, are inserted into the anterior sur- 
 face of the last phalanges of the four fingers. It 
 bends the third phalanges on the second, and, in 
 other respects, has the same use as the flexor 
 sublimis perforatus. 
 
 Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum Pedis, 
 F. brevis digitorum pedis — f. Tertii internodii. F. 
 longus pollicis man (is — f. Tertii internodii digito- 
 rum m.ands, F. profundus perforj ns — f. Tertii in- 
 ternodii digitorum pedis, F. Ic ligus digitorum 
 pedis profundus perforans — f. Ossis metacarpi 
 pollicis, Opponens pollicis — f. Perforatus pedis, 
 F. brevis digitorum pedis — f. Sublimis, F. brevis 
 digitorum pedis. 
 
 Flexor Subli'mis Perfora'tus, F. Perforo,'- 
 tus, (F.) Flechisseur sublime ou superficiel dta 
 doigts, Epitroklo-phalanginien commun, — (Ch.) 
 It is a thick, flat, muscle, seated at the anterior 
 part of the forearm. Its upper extremity, which 
 is simple, arises from the internal condyle of the 
 OS humeri ; — from the coronsid process of the 
 
FLIXWEED 
 
 383 
 
 FLUSH 
 
 ulna, and from the anterior edge of the radius. 
 Its lower extremity divides into four tendons, 
 which slide under the anterior annular ligament 
 of the carpus, and are inserted into the second 
 phalanges of the last four fingers, after having 
 been slit to allow the tendons of the flexor pro- 
 fundus to pass through them. This muscle bends 
 the second phalanges on the first; these on the 
 carpal bones, and the hand on the forearm. 
 
 FLEXURA, Curvature — f. Sigmoidea, Sigmoid 
 flexure. 
 
 FLIXWEED, Sisymbrium sophia. 
 
 FLOCCI, see Villous membranes. 
 
 FLOCCILATION, Carphologia. 
 
 FLOCCILEGIUM, Carphologia. 
 
 FLOCCITATION, Carphologia. 
 
 FLOCCORUM VENATIO, Carphologia. 
 
 FLOCCULI, see Villous membranes. 
 
 FLOCCULUS; diminutive oijloccus, 'a lock 
 af wool' — Pneumogas'tric loh'ule, Loh'ulus pneu- 
 mogas'tricits. A long and slender prominence. 
 Extending from the side of the vallecula around 
 the corpus restiforme to the crus cerebelli, lying 
 behind the filaments of the pneumogastric nerves. 
 
 FLOR BE MISTELA, see Mistura. 
 
 FLORENCE, CLIMATE OP. This agreeable 
 Italian city is by no means a favourable residence 
 for the phthisical invalid. Sir James Clark af- 
 firms, indeed, that he does not know any class 
 of invalids for whom Florence offers a favourable 
 residence. It is subject to sudden vicissitudes 
 of temperature, and to cold, piercing winds du- 
 ring the winter and spring. 
 
 FLORES BENZOES, Benjamin, flowers of— 
 f. Boracis, Boracic acid — f. Macidos, see Myristica 
 moschata — f. Macis, Mace — f. Martiales, Ferrum 
 ammoniatum — f. Salis ammoniaci martiales, Fer- 
 rum ammoniatum. 
 
 FLORIDA, CLIMATE OF, see Saint Augus- 
 tine. 
 
 Florida, Waters of. Near Long Lake, in 
 Florida, United States, which communicates with 
 St. John's River by a small creek, there is a vast 
 fountain of hot mineral water, issuing from a 
 bank of the river. From its odour it would seem 
 to be sulphureous. 
 
 FLOIIION, Influenza. 
 
 FLOS, Aiithos. A flower. Also, the finest and 
 noblest part of a body, and virginity. 
 
 Flos, Jovis, Crocus — f. Salis, Soda, subcarbo- 
 nate of — f. Sanguineus monardi, Tropaeolum 
 majus — f. Trinitatis, Viola tricolor — f. Virgini- 
 tatis, Hymen. 
 
 FLOUR, COLD, Pinoli. 
 
 Flour, Patent, Jones's. A farinaceous pre- 
 paration, which is said to consist of wheat-flour, 
 with tartaric acid and carbonate of soda. 
 
 Flour, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 FLOWER DE LUCE, Iris Germanica. 
 
 FLOWERS, Florea, (F.) Fleurs. The ancient 
 chymists gave this name to difierent solid and 
 volatile substances obtained by sublimation. The 
 term is not yet entirely banished from chymical 
 amd medical language, as Floioers of Benjamin, 
 Flowers of Sulphur, &c. 
 
 Flowers, Menses. ' 
 
 Flowers, Four Carmin'ative, Qnat'uor flores 
 carminati'vi, were chamomile, dill, fever-few, and 
 melilot. 
 
 Flowsrs, Four Cordial, Quat'itor flores cor- 
 dia'let, were formerly, borage, bugloss, roses, and 
 Tiolets. 
 
 FLUCTUATIO, Fluctuation— f. Aurium, Tin- 
 nitus aiirium. 
 
 FLUCTUA'TION, Fhictua'tio, from fliictus, 
 'a wave;' Undvla'u'o, (¥.) Ondulatton. The un- 
 dulation of a fluid collected in any natui'al or 
 artificial cavity, which is felt by pressure or by 
 
 3. Exhaled or 
 Perspiratory. 
 
 4. Follicular, 
 
 5. Glandular. 
 
 percussion, properly practised — peripheric fluctu* 
 ation. In ascites, the fluctuation is felt by one 
 of the hands being applied to one side of the ab- 
 domen, whilst the other side is struck with the 
 other hand. In abscesses, fluctuation is perceived 
 by pressing on the tumour, with one or two fingers 
 alternately, on opposite points. 
 
 Fluctuation Peripheric, see Fluctuation — f. 
 Rhonchal, see Rhonchal — f. by Succussion, see 
 Succussion. 
 
 FLUELLEN, Antirhinum elatine. 
 
 FLUELLIN, Veronica. 
 
 FLUE UBS, Menses — /. Blanches, Leueor- 
 rhoea. 
 
 FLUID, Flu'idus, irom flxiere, 'to flow.' The 
 human body is chiefly composed of fluids. If- 
 one, weighing 120 pounds, be thoroughly dried 
 in an oven, the remains will be found not to 
 weigh more than 12 or 13 pounds; so that the 
 proportion of fluids to liquids in the body is 
 about 9 or 10 to 1. 
 
 Table op Fluids of the Human Body, 
 
 1. Blood. 
 
 2. Lymph. 
 Transpiration of the mucous, 
 
 serous, and synovial mem- 
 branes; of the areolar mem- 
 brane; of the adipous cells; 
 of the medullary membrane; 
 of the interior of the thyroid 
 gland; of the thymus; supra- 
 renal capsules ; ej^e ; ear ; 
 vertebral canal, <tc. 
 
 Sebaceous humour of the skin ; 
 cerumen ; gum of the ej-e ; 
 mucus of the mucous glands 
 and follicles; that of the 
 tonsils, of the glands of the 
 cardia, the environs of the- 
 anus, the prostate, <&c. 
 
 Tears; saliva; pancreatic fluid; 
 bile; cutaneous transpiration; 
 urine; fluid of the glands of 
 Cowper; sperm; milk; of 
 the testes and mammas of 
 (_ the new-born child. 
 
 Fluid, Cbphalo-eachidian, Cephalo- spinal 
 fluid — f. Cephalo-spinai, Cephalo-spinal fluid — f. 
 Cerebro-spinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid — f. of Scar- 
 pa, Vitrine auditive — f. Subarachnoidean, Cepha- 
 lo-spinal fluid. ^ 
 
 FLUID E SEMINAL, Sperm. 
 
 FLUIDUM NERVEUM, Nervous fluid — f. 
 Cerebro-spinale, Cephalo-spinal fluid. 
 
 FLUKE, Distoma hepaticum — f. Liver, Disto- 
 ma hepaticum. 
 
 FLUMEN DYSENTERICUM, Dysentery. 
 
 FLUMMERY, (Scotch) Sowens. A preparation 
 of oatmeal, which forms a light article of food 
 during convalescence. It may be made as fol- 
 lows : — Take of oatmeal or groats, a quart. Rub 
 with two quarts of hot water, and let the mixture 
 stand until it becomes sour: then add another 
 quart of hot water, and strain through a hair sieve. 
 Let it stand till a white sediment is deposited ; 
 decant, and wash the sediment with cold water. 
 Boil this with fresh water till it forms a mucilage, 
 stirring the whole time. 
 
 FLUOR, Flux— f. Albus Intestinorum, Cceliac 
 flux — f. Albus malignus. Gonorrhoea impura— f. 
 Muliehris, Leucorrhoea — f. Muliebris non Galli- 
 cus, Leucorrhoea — f. Sanguinis pulmonum. Hae- 
 moptysis — f. Sanguinis vesicre, Cystorrhagia, 
 
 FLUSH, Flushing, (F.) Rougeurs; from (G.) 
 Fliessen, 'to flow. The redness produced Dy 
 accumulation of blood in the capillaries of the 
 
FLUX 
 
 384 
 
 F(ETUS 
 
 face; as the sudden 'flush' or ' blush of emotion :' 
 the 'flush of hectic' 
 
 FLUX, Fiuonts, Proflu'vium, Fluor, {romflnere, 
 ' to flow.' A discharge. Rhysis, In nosology, 
 it comprises a series of affections, the principal 
 symptom of which is the discharge of a fluid. 
 Generally it is employed for dysentery. 
 
 Flux, Bilious, Fluxus hilio'sus. A discharge 
 of bile, either by vomiting or by stool, or by 
 both, as in cholera. 
 
 Flux, Bloody, Dysentery — /. de Bouche, Sa- 
 livation — /. Bronehiqiie, Bronchorrhoea — /. Bi/- 
 nenten'que, Dysentery — f. Hemorrhoidal, see Hae- 
 raorrhois — /. Hepatique, Hepatirrhoea — f. Men- 
 strual, Menses — /. Ifvque'ux, Catarrh — f. IJit- 
 queux de I'estomac, Gastrorrhcea — -/. Mvqueux de 
 la vessie, Cystirrhoea — f. Root, Asclepias tube- 
 rosa — /. Salivaire, Salivation — /. de Sang, Hse- 
 laorrhagia, Dysentery — f. Sebaceous, Stearrhoea 
 — /. de Spenne, SiDermatorrhcea — /. de Sueur, 
 Ephidrosis — f. Weed, Sysimbrium sophia — /. 
 d' Urine, Diabetes — /. de Ventrt, Diarrhoea. 
 
 FLUXIO, Fluxion — f. Alba, Leacorrhcea — f. 
 Arthritiea, Gout — f. Vulvte, Leu^orrhoea. 
 
 FLUX'ION, Flux'io, Affiux hs A flow of 
 blood or other humour towards any organ with 
 greater force than natural. A determination. 
 Thus we say, in those disposed to apoplexy, 
 there is a fluxion or determination of blood to 
 the head. 
 
 FLUXION CATARRHALE, Catarrh—/, sur 
 les Dents, Odontalgia. 
 
 FLUXION BE POITRINE, (F.) By this 
 name, the French often understand acute j)uhno- 
 nary catarrh, or pleurisy, but most commonly 
 2>eripneunwny. 
 
 FLUXUS, Discharge — f. Alvinus, Diarrhoea — 
 f. Chylosus, Coeliac flux — f. Cceliacus, Coeliac flux 
 — f. Cceliacus per Renes, Chyluria — f. Cruentus 
 cum tenesmo. Dysentery — f. Dysentericus, Dy- 
 sentery — f. Hepaticus, Hepatirrhcea, see Hepate- 
 ros — f. Lientericus, Lientery — f. Lunaris, Menses 
 — f. Matricis, Leucorrhoea — f. Menstrualis, Men- 
 struation — f. Menstruus, Menses — f. Muliebris, 
 Leucorrhcea — f. Salivse, Salivation — f. Splenicus, 
 Melajna — f. Venereus, Gonorrhoea impura — f. 
 Ventriculi, Gastrorrhoea. 
 
 FLYTRAP, Apocynum androsfemifolium. 
 
 FOC'ILB. This name was formerly given to 
 the bones of the leg, as well as to those of the 
 forearm. 
 
 FociLE Majus, Tibia — f. Inferius seu majus. 
 Ulna — f. Minus, Fibula — f. Minus seu superius, 
 Radius. 
 
 FCECUNDATIO, Fecundation. 
 
 FCECUNDITAS, Fecundity. 
 
 FCECUNDUS, Fecund. 
 
 FCEDI COLORES, Chlorosis. 
 
 FGEMEN, Perinasum. 
 
 FCEMINA, Female. 
 
 FOaMINESCENTIA, Feminescence. 
 
 FOENICULUM, Anethum— f. Aquaticum, Phel- 
 landrium aquaticum — f. Erratieum, Peucedanum 
 silaus — f. Marinum, Crithmum maritimum — f. 
 Officinale, Anethum — f. Poreinum, Peucedanum 
 — f. Vulgaro, Anethum. 
 
 F(ENUGREEK, Trigonella foenum. 
 
 FCENUM CAMELORUM, Juncus odoratus— 
 f. Grsecum, Trigonella foenum. 
 
 FGETAB'ULUM. An encysted abscess.— Mar- 
 cus Aurehus Severinus. 
 
 FCETAL, Fceta'lis. Relating to the foetus. A 
 name, given to the parts connected with the fo3tus. 
 Thus we say — the foetal surface of the placenta, 
 in contradistinction to the tUerine or maternal 
 tiurface. 
 
 FcETAL CiRCULATiOK differs from that of the 
 adult to several respects. Commencing with the 
 
 placenta, where itprobably undergoes some change 
 analogous to what occurs in the lungs in extra- 
 uterine existence, the blood proceeds by the um- 
 bilical vein as far as the liver, where a part of it is 
 poui'ed into the vena portaj the other proceeds into 
 the vena cava inferior ; the latter, having received 
 the suprahepatic veins, pours its blood into the 
 right auricle. From the right auricle, a part of 
 the blood is sent into the right ventricle ; the rest 
 passes directly through into the left auricle, by 
 the foramen ovale. When the right ventricle 
 contracts, the blood is sent into the pulmonary 
 artery; but as the function of respiration is not 
 going on, no more blood passes to the lungs than 
 is necessary for their nutrition; the remainder 
 goes directly through the ductus arteriosus into 
 the aorta. The blood, received by the left auj-iele 
 from the lungs, as well as that which passed 
 through the foramen ovale, is transmitted into 
 the left ventricle ; by the contraction of which it 
 is sent into the aorta, and by means of the um- 
 bilical arteries, which arise from the hypogastric, 
 it is returned to the placenta. 
 
 FcETAL Head. The diameters of this at the 
 full period are as follows : — 1. The Biparietal or 
 transverse, extending from one parietal protube- 
 rance to the other, and measuring 3J inches. 2. 
 The Temporal, from oije temple to another, 3 
 inches. 3. The Oecipito-tnental, from the occiput 
 to the chin ; the greatest of all, 6 inches. 4. The 
 Occipito -frontal or antero-p>osterior, 4J or 4J 
 inches. 6. The Cervico-hregmatic, from the nape 
 of the neck to the centre of the anterior fontar- 
 nelle. 6. The Fronto-mental, from the forehead 
 to the chin, about 3i- inches. 7. The Trachelo- 
 hregmatic, from the front of the neck to the ante- 
 rior fontanelle, 34 inches. 8. The Vertical dia- 
 meter, from the vertex to the base of the ei-anium. 
 
 FcETAL Nutrition, Cyotrophy. 
 
 FCBTATION, Pregnancy. 
 
 F(E'TICIDE, Fceticid'ium, from foetus, and 
 ccedere, ' to kill ;' Abortieid'ium. Criminal abor- 
 tion. 
 
 FCETIDUS, Fetid. 
 
 F(ETOR, Dysodia^f. Oris, Breath, offensive. 
 
 FCETUS, Fetus, Cye'ma, Onus ventris, Sar'- 
 cina, from feo, ' I bring forth.' The unborn 
 child. By Kvri/xa, Oye'ma, Hippocrates meant the 
 fecundated, but still imperfect, germ. It corre- 
 sponded with the term embryo, as now used ; 
 whilst evPpvov, ' embryo,' signified the foetus at a 
 more advanced stage of utero- gestation. The 
 majority of anatomists apply to the germ the 
 name embryo, which it retains until the third 
 month of gestation, and with some until the pe- 
 riod of quickening; y^hilst fcctus is applied to it 
 in its latter stages. The terms are, however, 
 often used indiscriminately. When the ovule 
 has been fecundated in the ovarium, it proceeds 
 slowly towards, and enters the uterus, with which 
 it becomes ultimately connected bj' means of the 
 placenta. When first seen, the foetus has the 
 form of a gelatinous flake, which some have com- 
 pared to an ant, a grain of barley, a worm curved 
 upon itself, &c,. The fcetal increment is very 
 rapid in the first, third, fourth, and sixth months 
 of its formation, and at the end of nine months 
 it has attained its full dimensions — Enfant <J 
 terme. Generally, there is but one foetus in utero; 
 sometimes, there are two; rarely three. The 
 foetus presents considerable difference in its shape, 
 weight, length, situation in the womb, propor- 
 tion of its various parts to each other, arrange- 
 ment and texture of its organs, state of its func- 
 tions at different periods of gestation, &c. All 
 these differences are important in an obstetrical 
 and medico-legal point of view. The following 
 
FOIE 
 
 385 
 
 FONTANELLA 
 
 table exhibits the length and weight of the foetus 
 at different periods of gestation, on the authority 
 cf different observers. Their discordance is stri- 
 king. It is proper to remark, that the Paris 
 
 pound — Poid de Mare — of 16 ounces, contains 
 9216 Paris grains, whilst the avoirdupois containa 
 only 8632.5 Paris grains, and that the Paris inch 
 is 1.065977 English inch. 
 
 ! 
 
 At 30 days, 
 
 2 months, 
 
 3 " 
 
 4 " 
 
 5 " 
 
 6 " 
 1 " 
 8 " 
 
 Beck. 
 
 Matgeier. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 Beck. 
 
 Matgrier. 
 
 Granville. ' 
 
 Length. 
 
 Weight. 
 
 3 to 5 lines 
 2 inches 
 3i " 
 5 to 6 " 
 7 to 9 " 
 9 to 12 " 
 12 to 14 " 
 16 " 
 
 10 to 12 lines 
 
 4 inches 
 
 6 " 
 
 8 " 
 
 10 " 
 
 12 " 
 
 14 " 
 
 16 " 
 
 1 inch 
 3 inches 
 
 9 inches 
 12 " 
 17 " 
 
 2 ounces 
 2 to 3 " 
 4 to 5 " 
 9 or 10 " 
 
 1 to 2 lbs. 
 
 2 to 3 " 
 
 3 to 4 « 
 
 9 or 10 grains 
 5 drachms 
 2^ ounces 
 7 or 8 " 
 16 " 
 
 2 pounds 
 
 3 " 
 
 4 " 
 
 20 grains 
 li ounces 
 
 1 pound 
 
 2 to 4 " 
 4 to 5 " 
 
 F(ETUS IN FcETU, Cryptodidymus. 
 
 FcETUs Septimes'tris. A seven months' foetus. 
 
 FcETtJS Zephybiiis, Mole. 
 
 FOIE, Liver — /. d'Antimoine, Oxidum stibii 
 sulphuretum — /'. de Sou f re, Potassje sulphuretum. 
 
 FOLIA APALAGHINES, see Ilex Para- 
 guensis — f. Peraguse, Ilex Paraguensis. 
 
 FOLIACEUM ORNAMENTUM, see Tuba 
 Fallopiana. 
 
 FOLIE, Insanity — /. des Ivrognes, Delirium 
 tremens. 
 
 FOLLETTE, Influenza. 
 
 FOL'LICLE, FoUic'uliis, Cysth, diminutive of 
 FolUs, a bag. See Crypta. 
 
 Follicles, Ciliary, Meibomius, glands of — 
 f. of De Graaf, Folliculi Graafiani — f. of Lieber- 
 kiihu, see Intestine — f. Palpebral, Meibomius, 
 glands of — f. Solitary, Brunner's glands — f. Syno- 
 vial, Bursffi mucosEe. 
 
 FOLLICULAR, FoJUc'idoufi, Follic'ulose,Fol. 
 I'tculo'sun, from ' follicle.' Relating or appertaining 
 to a follicle, — as 'foUicular inflammation,' inflam- 
 mation affecting crypts or follicles. 
 
 FOLLIOULE, Crypta—/. CiUaire, Meibomius, 
 gland of—/. Dentaire, Dental follicle — /. Palpe- 
 bral, Meibomius, gland of. 
 
 FOLLIGULES BE GRAAF, Folliculi Graaf- 
 iani. 
 
 FOLLICULI GRAAFIA'NI, Ova seu O'vida 
 Graafia'na, Follicles or Vesicles of De Graaf, 
 Ova'rian ves'icles, (F.) Follicules ou Vcsicules 
 dc Graaf. Small spherical vesicles in the stroma 
 of the ovary, which have two coats ; the outer 
 termed ovicapside and tunic of the ovisac ; the 
 latter ovisac and membra' na ^jropn'ay vesicule 
 ovulifere of M. Pouchet. They exist in the foe- 
 tus. The ovum — ovide of some — is contained in, 
 and formed by, them. 
 
 Folliculi Rotundi et Oblongi Cervicis 
 Uteri, Nabothi glandulse — f. Sanguinis, Globules 
 o-f the blood — f. Sebaeei, Sebaceous glands. 
 
 FOLLICULOSE GLAND, Crypta. 
 
 FOLLICULUS, Vulva. 
 
 FoLLic'tTLUS A'eris, Air-cTiamber. A space at 
 the larger end of the bird's egg, formed by a se- 
 paration of the two layers of the shell membrane, 
 tvhich is inservient to the respiration of the young 
 being. 
 
 FoLLicuLUS Dentis, Dental Follicle — f. Fellis, 
 Gall-bladder — f. Genitalis, Scrotum. 
 
 FOMENT, Fove're, (F.) Etuver, Bassiner. To 
 apply a fomentation to a part. 
 
 FOMENTA'TION, Fomenta'tio, Fotus, Py'ria, 
 
 Thermas'ma, Chlias'ma, uEone'sis, Perfn'sio, As- 
 
 per'sio, Fomen'tum, {(^nasi fovimentum,) from fo- 
 
 vere 'to bathe.' A sort of partial bathing, by the 
 
 25 
 
 application of cloths which have been previously 
 dipped in hot water, or in some medicated decoc- 
 tion. They act, chiefly, by virtue of their warmth 
 and moisture, except in the ease of narcotic fomen- 
 tations, where some additional effect is obtained. 
 
 A dry fomentation is a warm, dry application 
 to a part ; — as a hot brick, wrapped in flannel ; — 
 a bag, half filled with chamomile flowers made 
 hot, &c. 
 
 Fomentation Herbs, Herba pro fotu. The 
 herbs, ordinarily sold under this title by the Eng- 
 lish apothecary, are — southernwood, tops of sea 
 wormwood, chamomile floivers, each two parts; hat/ 
 leaves, one part. §iijss of these to Ovj of water. 
 
 FOMENTUM, Fomentation. 
 
 FOMES MORBI, Fomes mali. The focus or 
 seat of any disease. (F.) Foyer. 
 
 Fomes Ventriculi, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 FOM'ITES, from, fomes, 'fuel, any thing which 
 retains heat.' Enaus'ma, Zop'yron. A term ap- 
 plied to substances which are supposed to retain 
 contagious effluvia j as woollen goods, feathers, 
 cotton, &c. 
 
 FONCTION, Function. 
 
 FOND, Fundus. 
 
 FONDANT, Solvent. 
 
 F0NGIF0R2IE, Fungoid. 
 
 FONGOtDE, Fungoid. 
 
 FONGOSITE, Fungosity. 
 
 FONGUS, Fungus — /. IleduUaire, Encepha- 
 loid. 
 
 FONS, Fontanella — f. Lachrymarum, see Can- 
 thus — f. Medicatus, "Water, mineral — f. Pulsans, 
 Fontanella— f. Pulsatilis, Fontanella— f. Saluta- 
 rius, Water, mineral — f. Soterius, Water, mineral 
 — f. Vitalis, Centrum vitale. 
 
 FONSANGE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Fonsange is situated near Nismes in France. 
 The water is sulphuretted. 
 
 FONTA'NA, CANAL OF. A canal of a tri- 
 angular shape, at the inner side of the ciliary 
 circle ; partly formed by the groove at the inner 
 edges of the cornea and sclerotica. 
 
 FONTANEL'LA. A /onianeZ/- diminutive 
 of fons, ' a fountain.' Fons pidsat'ilis, Fons pul- 
 sans, Vertex pal' pitans, Fons, Bregma, Fontic'ii- 
 lus, Lacu'na, 3foidd. The opening of the head. 
 A name, given to a space occupied by a cartilagi- 
 nous membrane, in the foetus and new-born child, 
 and situate at the union of the angles of the bones 
 of the cranium. There are .°ix fontanels. 1. The 
 great or sincip'ital or anterior, situate at the 
 junction of the sagittal and coronal suture.s. 
 2. The small or bregmat'ic ox posterior, situate at 
 the part where the posterior and superior angles 
 of the parietal bones unite with the upper part 
 of the OS occipitis. 3. The two sphenoidal, in th« 
 
rONTES 
 
 386 
 
 FORENSIC ANATOMY 
 
 temporal fossae; and, 4. The two mastoid, or of 
 Caaserius, at the union of the parietal, occipital, 
 and temporal bones. 
 
 FONTES, see Fons — f. Medicati Plumbarii, 
 Plombieres, mineral waters of — f. Sulphurei ca- 
 lidi, Waters, mineral, sulphureous. 
 
 FONTIGVLE A POIS, see Fonticulus. 
 
 FGNTIC'ULUS, Fontanel'la, Exuto'rium, Ex'- 
 utory, Issue, {¥.) Fonticufe, Cautlre. A small ul- 
 cer jjrodueed by art, either by the aid of caustics 
 or of cutting instruments; the discharge from 
 which is kept up with a view to fulfil certain the- 
 rapeutical indications. The Pea issue, (F.) Fon- 
 ticide d pais, is kept up by means of a pea placed 
 in it. This pea, (F.) Fois a caiUere, is sometimes 
 formed of wax ; at others, the young, blasted 
 fruit of the orange is employed. The common 
 dried garden pea answers the purpose. The seton 
 is also an issue. 
 
 FOOD, Aliment — f Farinaceous, see Farina- 
 ceous — f. of the Gods, Asafcetida. 
 
 Food, Prince of Wales's. A farinaceous pre- 
 paration, which is used in the same cases as ar- 
 row-root^ is said to consist entirely of potato- 
 flour. 
 
 FOOL'S STONES, MALE, Orchis maseula. 
 
 FOOT, Pes— f. Flat, see Kylloais— f. Griiion's, 
 Gryphius pes. 
 
 FOOTLING CASE. A presentation of the foot 
 or feet in parturition. 
 
 FOP.,A'MEN, Trema, from faro, '1 pieyce.' 
 Aulas, (F.) Trou. Any cavity, pierced through 
 and through. Also, the orifice of a canal. 
 
 Foramen Alteolare Anterius, see Palatine 
 canals — f. Alveolare posterius, see Palatine canals 
 
 — f. Amplum pelvis, Obturatorium foramen — f. 
 Aquasductus Fallopii, F. stylomastoideum — f. Au- 
 ditorium externum, see Auditory canal, external 
 
 — f. Auditorium internum, see Auditory canal, 
 internal — f. of Biohat, see Canal, arachnoid — f. 
 of Botal, see Botal foramen — f. Ca?cum ossis max- 
 illaris superioris, see Palatine canals. 
 
 Foramen C^cum of the Medul'la Oblon- 
 gata or of ViCQ. d'Azyr; (Fr.) Trou borgne. A 
 tolerably deep fossa at the point where the me- 
 dium furrow at the anterior surface of the me- 
 dulla oblongata meets the pons. 
 
 Foramen C^cum of the Tongue, see Csecum 
 foramen, and Tongue — f. Carotid, see Carotica 
 foramina. 
 
 Fora'men Centra'le et Limbus Ltt'teus Ret'- 
 TSJE. The central /oramen and yellow spot of the 
 retina; discovered by Sbmmering. Mac'ula lu'- 
 tea, (F.) Tache jaune. It is situate about two 
 lines to the outside of the optic nerve, and in the 
 diiection of the axis of the eye. 
 
 Foramen Commune Anterius, Vulva — f. Com- 
 mune posterius, see Anus — f. Condyloid, see Con- 
 dyloid — f. Conjugationis, see Conjugation — f. Eth- 
 moideum, Orbitar foramen, internal — f. Incisivum, 
 see Palatine canal — -f. Infraorbitarium, see Sub- 
 orbitar canal- — f. Infrapubianum, Obturatorium 
 foramen — f. Jugulare, Lacerum posterius foramen 
 
 — -f. Lacerum in basi cranii, Lacerum posterius 
 foramen — f. Lacerum inferius, Sphenomaxillary 
 fissure — f. Lacerum superius, Sphenoidal fissure 
 — f. Magnum, see Occipital bone — f. Mastoid, sec 
 Mastoid foramen— f. Mental, see Mental foramen. 
 
 Foramen of Monro. An opening behind the 
 anterior pillar of the fornix, somev.hat above the 
 anterior commissure, by which the third ventricle 
 fommiinicates with the lateral ventricle. 
 
 Foramen op Morgagmi, see Cajc-um foramen 
 and Tongue — f. Obturatorium, Obturator foramen 
 — f. Oeuli, Pupil — f. Oodes, Ovale foramen — f. 
 Orbitiirium internum, Orbitar foramen, internal — 
 f. Orbitarium superius, Orbitar foramen, superior, 
 jr. gupraorbitarium — f Ovale, Botal ''orair en, Fe- 
 
 nestra ovalis, Obturatorium foramen, Ovale fora- 
 men — f. Palatinum anterius, see Palatine canals 
 — f. Palatinum posterius, see Palatine canals — f. 
 Palato-maxillare, see Palatine canals — f. RotuD- 
 dum. Fenestra rotunda — f. Spheno-spinosum, Spi- 
 nale foramen — f; Thyroideum, Obturatorium fora- 
 men — f. of Winslow, Hiatus of Winslow. 
 
 Foram'ina Thebe'sil Openings resembling 
 vascular orifices, found below the orifice of the 
 vena cava superior in the right auricle, which are 
 supposed to be the openings of veins. 
 
 FORATIO, Trepanning. 
 
 FOP.,CE, from forth, ' strong.' Vis, Poten'tia, 
 Energi'a, Dy'namis, Cratos. Any power which 
 produces an action. Those powers which are in- 
 herent in organization are called vital forces. We 
 say, also, organic force, and muscular force, to 
 designate that of the organs in general, or of the 
 muscles in particular. To the latter the word 
 Dynamis, IvvaiJis, corresponds ; and the absence of 
 this force is termed adyna'mia. The vital forces 
 have to be carefully studied by the pathologist. 
 The doctrine of diseases is greatly dependent on 
 their augmentation or diminution; freedom or 
 oppression, &c. 
 
 Force of Assimilation, Plastic force — f. Cata- 
 lytic, see Catalysis — f. of Formation, Plastic force 
 — f. Germ, Plastic force — f. Metabolic, see Meta- 
 bolic force — f. of Nutrition, Plastic force — f. of 
 Vegetation, Plastic force— f. Vital, Vis vitalis — -/. 
 Vitule, Vis vitalis. 
 
 FORCE-REAL, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The name of a mountain, situate four leagues 
 from Perpignan in France. The water is chaly- 
 beate. 
 
 FORCEPS, quasi./ewceps, from ferrum, 'iron,' 
 and cajiio, 'I take.' Pincers, Labis, Volsel'lcB. 
 An instrument for removing bodies, which it 
 would be inconvenient or impracticable to seize 
 with the fingers. (F.) Pinces, Pincettes. There 
 are various kinds of forceps, 1. The ordinary 
 kind, contained in every dressing-case, for re- 
 moving lint, &c. from wounds or ulcers. (F.) Pin- 
 ces a anneaux. 2. Dissecting or Lig'ature or At- 
 te'rial Forceps, (F.) Pinces d dissection, P. a liga- 
 ture, to lay hold of delicate parts. 3. Pol'ypva 
 Forceps, Tooth Forceps, Forceps of Museux for 
 laying hold of the tonsils or other parts to be re- 
 moved. 4. The Bullet Forceps, Strombul'cus, 
 (Fr.) Tireballe. 5. The Lithot'omy Forceps, 
 Lithol'abon, Lithogo'gum, Tenac'ula, Volsel'la, 
 which resembles the Craniotomy Forceps, (F.) 
 Tenettes. 
 
 Forceps is also an instrument used by obstetri- 
 cal practitioners to embrace the head, and bring 
 it through the pelvis. It consists of two branches, 
 blades or levers ; one of which, in the case of the 
 short forceps, is passed over the ear of the child, 
 and the other opposite to the former, so that the 
 blades may lock. When the head is secure'!, in- 
 cluded between the blades, the operation ot ex- 
 traction can be commenced. See Parturition. 
 
 Forceps, see Corpus callosum — f. Anterior, see 
 Corpus callosum — f. Arterial, see Forceps — f. 
 Bullet, see Forceps — f. Craniotomy, see Forceps 
 — f. Deceptoria, see Forceps — f. Lithotomy, see 
 Forceps — f. of Museux, see Forceps — f. Polypus, 
 see Forceps — f. Tooth, see Forceps. 
 
 FORD'S BALSAM OF HOREUOUND, see 
 Balsam of horehound. 
 
 FOREARM. Aidihra'f.hlwn, Pygme, Parsinfc'- 
 rlor bra'chii, Cu'biius, (¥.) Avant-bms. Thepait 
 of the upper extremity, comprised betwem the 
 arm and the hand. It is composed of two bones 
 — radius and i://ia— and 20 muscles. 
 
 FOREHEAD, Front. 
 
 FORENSIC ANATOMY, soo Anatomy — £. 
 Medicine, Medicine, legal. 
 
FORES 
 
 387 
 
 FOSSES 
 
 FORES, Genital organs. 
 
 FORESKIN, Prepuce. 
 
 FORFEX, Scissors — f. Dentaria, Dentagra. 
 
 FORFIC'ULA AURICULA'RIA, £'ar«;»sr. An 
 insect of the Order Orthoptera, which occasion- 
 ally enters the meatus auditorius externus, and 
 excites intense pain. It may be destroyed by 
 tobacco-smoke, or by oil poured into the meatus. 
 
 FORGES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Forges 
 is situate four leagues from Gournay, in the de- 
 partment of Seine Inferienre, France. There 
 are three springs, which are acidulous chaly- 
 beates. These are called Royal, Reinette, and Car- 
 dinal, in honor of Louis XIII., Queen Anne of 
 Austria, and Cardinal Richelieu, who used them. 
 
 FORMATIVE, Plastic. 
 
 FORMI'CA, llyrmex. The ant or pismire. 
 (F.) Fourmi. It contains an acid juice and gross 
 oil, which were formerly extolled as aphrodi- 
 siacs. The chrysalides of the animal are said to be 
 diuretic and carminative ; and have been used in 
 dropsy. 2. Also the name of a black wart, ver- 
 ru'ca formiea'ria, with a broad base and cleft 
 surface ; so called because the pain attending it 
 resembles the biting of an ant, nvp/iriKia, myrme'- 
 aia. — Forestus. 3. A varicose tumour on the 
 anus and glans penis. 4. Also, miliary herpes. 
 
 Formica Ambulatoria, Herpes circinatus — 
 f. Corrosive, Herpes exedens. 
 
 FOP>.M'ICANT, 3Iyrme' cizon, Formi'eans, from 
 formica, 'an ant.' (F.) Fourmillant. An epi- 
 thet given to the pulse, Pulsus formi'eans, when 
 extremely small, scarcely perceptible, unequal, 
 and communicating a sensation like that of the 
 motion of an ant through a thin texture. 
 
 FORMIGA'TION, Formica'tio, Myrmecias'- 
 mus, Mijrmeci'asis, Myrmecis'mus, Myrmeco'sis, 
 Stupor formi' cans. Same etymon. (F.) Four- 
 millement. A pain, compared with that which 
 would be caused by a number of ants creeping on 
 a part. 
 
 FORMIX, Herpes esthiomenus. 
 
 FOR'MULA, from /ormrt, 'a form.' (F.) For- 
 mide, Ordonnance. The receipt for the formation 
 of a compound medicine ; a prescription. 
 
 FORM'ULARY, Formula' rium, Codex mediea- 
 menta'rius, Narthe'cia, Narthe'cium, Narthex. A 
 collection of medical formula or receipts. 
 
 FORMULE, Prescription. 
 
 FORMYL, PERCHLORIDE OF. Chloro- 
 form. 
 
 FORNIX, 'an arch or vault.' For'nix cer'ehri, 
 Oam'era, Fornix trilat'ents, Psalis, Psalid'ium, 
 Testa' do cer'ehri, Arciis medxdla'ris, (F.) Trigone 
 cerebral — (Ch.,) Voiite d trois piliers, Triangle 
 Mididlaire. A medullary body in the brain, 
 below the corpus callosum and above the middle 
 ventricle, on the median line. This body, which 
 is cur^^ed upon itself, terminates anteriorly by a 
 prolongation, which constitutes its anterior pillar 
 or cms, (F.) Pilier anterieur, and posteriorly by 
 two similar prolongations, called posterior pillars 
 or crura. See Achicolum, and Vault. 
 
 FoRNi:j; Cerebri, Fornix. 
 
 FORPEX, Scissors. 
 
 FORTIFIANT, Corroborant, Tonic. 
 
 PORTRAITURE, Hysteralgia. 
 
 FOSSA, Fo'vea, irora fodio, 'I dig.' Scammn. 
 A cavity of greater or less depth, the entrance to 
 which is always larger than the base. The fossas 
 of bones have been called simple, when they belong 
 to one bone only, as the parietal fosses; and 
 compound, (F.) Fosses composees, when several 
 concur in their formation, as the orhitar fosscB, 
 temporal fossa, &c. 
 
 Fossa AjlYa'DALOID, Amyg' daloid excava'tion. 
 TUe space between the anterior and posterior 
 
 pillars of the fauces, which is occupied by tbft 
 
 tonsils. 
 
 Fossa Amyn't^. A kind of bandage, used in 
 fractures of the nose ; so called, by Galen, from 
 Amyntas of Rhodes, its inventor. It consisted 
 of a long band, applied round the head, the turns 
 of which crossed at the root of the nose. 
 
 Fossa Canina, Canine fossa. 
 
 Fossa Cerebel'li, (F.) Fosse cerihellense. The 
 inferior occipital fossa, which lodges the corre- 
 sponding portion of the cerebellum. 
 
 Fossa Corona'lis, Coro'nal or frontal fossa. 
 A depression on the orbitar plate of the frontal 
 or coronal bone, which supports the anterior lobe 
 of the brain. 
 
 Fossa CoRONoi'DEA, Cor' onoid fossa. A cavity 
 before the inferior extremity of the humerus, in 
 which the coronoid process of the ulna is engaged 
 during the flexion of the forearm. 
 
 Fossa Cotyloidea, see Cotyloid. 
 
 Fossa, Digas'tric, Fossa digas'triea. A deep 
 groove on the mastoid portion of the temporiil 
 bone, which gives origin to the digastric muscle. 
 
 Fossa Ethmoida'lis, Ethmoid fossa. A shai'- 
 low gutter on the upper surface of the ci-ibri- 
 form plate of the ethmoid bone, on which is 
 lodged the expanded portion of the olfactory 
 nerve. 
 
 Fossa Genu, Poples. 
 
 Fossa Guttura'lis, Gut' tural fossa. The de- 
 pression which forms the guttural region of the 
 base of the cranium, between the foramen mag- 
 num and posterior nares. 
 
 Fossa Hyaloidba, see Hyaloid (Fossa) — f; 
 Iliac, see Iliac fossse — f. Infra-orbitar, Canine 
 fossa — f. Infra-spinous, see Infra-spinata fossa. 
 
 Fossa Innominata. The space between the 
 helix and antihelix of the ear. 
 
 Fossa, Ischio-rectal, Perineal fossa — f. Ju- 
 gularis. Jugular fossa- -f. Lachrymalis, Lachrymal 
 fossa — f. Magna Muliebris, Vulva — f. Magna 
 Sylvii, Fissura Sylvii. 
 
 Fossa, Mental, Fossa menta'lis. A small de- 
 pression on each side of the symphysis on the 
 anterior surface of the body of the maxilla infe- 
 rior, for the attachment of muscles. 
 
 Fossa Naticularis, Navicular fossa. 
 
 Fossa Occipita'lis, Occip'ital fossa. The 
 occipital fossae are four in number ; the superior 
 or cerebral, and the inferior or cerebellous. They 
 are separated by a groove, which lodges the late- 
 ral sinus. 
 
 Fossa Ovalis, see Ovalis fossa — f. Palatina, 
 Palate^ — f. Perinaei, Perineal fossa — f. Pituitaria, 
 Sella Turcica. 
 
 Fossa Poplite'a, PopUte'al fossa. The hol- 
 low of the ham ;— the popliteal region. 
 
 Fossa Scaphoides, Navicularis fossa — f. bab- 
 orbitar. Canine fossa. 
 
 Fossa, Subpykam'idal, F. suhpyramida'lis. A 
 deep fossa under the pyramid and behind the fe- 
 nestra rotunda in the middle ear, remarkable for 
 its constancy, and pierced by several foramina at 
 the' bottom. 
 
 Fossa Supra-sphenoid alis, Pituitaria fossa. — 
 f. of Sylvius, Ventricle, fifth — f. Umbilicalis, so^ 
 Liver. 
 
 Foss^ Cerebra'les, Cer'ehral fossm. Fos.';;* 
 or excavations at the base of the ci-anium. They 
 are nine in number ; three occupy the medlar, 
 line, and three are placed at each side. They ar4 
 distinguished into anterior, middle, and posterior. 
 
 FosSjE Digitales, see Impression. 
 
 FOSSE BASIL AIRE, Basilary fossa—/, 
 Sous-Spineuse, Infra-spinata fossa — /. Sus-ij/i- 
 neuse, Fossa supra-spinata. 
 
 FOSSES CONDYLOiDIENNES, CondyW, 
 
FOSSETTE 
 
 388 
 
 FR^NUM 
 
 \dea foramina — -/. Nasales, Ouvertures posten'ew-es 
 den, Xares. posterior. 
 
 FOSSETTE, (F.) Diminutive oi fossa. Scro- 
 'bic'ulus, Both'rion. Several depressions are so 
 tailed. A dimpled cTiin, Fossette da menton, con- 
 sists in a slight depression, -which certain persons 
 have on the chin. 2. A dimple of the cheek, (F.) 
 Fossette dea jouea, a depression which occurs on 
 the cheeks of certain persons when they laugh. 
 Scrohic'ulus cordis, Anticar'dion, PrcBCor'dium, 
 (F.) Fossette du cceur. The depression observed 
 vn a level with the xiphoid cartilage at the ante- 
 rior and inferior part of the chest. It is, also, 
 called pit of the stomach, (F. ) Creux de Vestomac. 
 
 FOSSETTE, Fos'aula, A'nuhis, Eothrium, is 
 also a small ulcer of the transparent cornea, the 
 centre of which is deep. 
 
 ^FOSSETTE ANGULAIRE BTJ QUATRI- 
 EME VENTRICULE, Calamus scriptorius— /. 
 du Coeur. Scrobiculus cordis. 
 
 FOSSORIUM, Fleam. 
 
 FOSSULA, Arsema, Fossa, Fossette, Fovea. 
 
 FOTHERGILL'S PILLS, see Pilulge aloes et 
 coloeynthidis. 
 
 FOTUS, Fomentation — f. Communis, Deeoctum 
 papaveris. 
 
 FO U, Insane. 
 
 FOUGERE FEMELLE, Asplenium filix foe- 
 mina, Pteris aquilina — f. Grande, Pteris aquilina 
 — f. Ma le, PoljT3odium filix mas. 
 
 'FOULURE, Sprain. 
 
 FOUXDLIXG HOSPITAL, Brephotropheum. 
 
 FOURCHE, (F.),fourche, 'cleft;' from/»?-ca, 
 * a fork.' Aposte'ma Phalan' gum. A French 
 provincial term for small abscesses which form on 
 the fingers and hands of working-people. Also, 
 aa instrument, invented by M. J. L. Petit, for 
 compressing the ranine artery in cases of hemor- 
 rhage from that vessel. 
 
 FO UE CHETTE', FurciVla, a little fork. Fur'- 
 cula. A surgical instrument used for raising and 
 supporting the tongue, during the operation of 
 dividing the fraenum. 
 
 Fourchette, in anatomy, is, 1. The posterior 
 commissure of the labia majora, called also, FrcB- 
 iix',m and Fur' cula Lahio'rum. 2. The cartilago 
 ensiformis : so called from its being sometimes 
 cleft like a fork. Also, the semilunar notch at 
 the superior or clavicular extremity of the 
 sternum. 
 
 FOURMI, Formica. 
 
 FO JJRMILLANT, Formicant. 
 
 FO URMILLE2IENT, Formication. 
 ■ FOUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel. 
 
 FO'VEA, diminutive, Fove'ola, from fodio, '1 
 dig.' Eothros. A slight depression. Fos'sula. 
 The pudendum muliehre; see Vulva. Also, the 
 fossa navicularis. A vapour-bath for the lower 
 extremities. 
 
 Fovea Axillaris, Axilla — f. Elliptica, see 
 Crista Yestibuli — f. Hemisphserica, see Crista 
 Yestibuli — f. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal fossa — f. 
 Oeuli, Orbit — f. Semi-elliptica, see Crista Yesti- 
 buli — f. Sulciformis, see Crista Yestibuli. 
 
 FOVEOLA, Fovea. 
 
 FOXBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 FOXGLOYE, Digitalis. 
 
 FO YER, Fomes morbi. 
 
 FRACTURA, Fracture — f. Dentis, Odonto- 
 clivsis. 
 
 FRACTURE, Fractu'ra, from frangere, frac- 
 inm, 'to break,' 'bruise.' Catag'ma, Catag'ma 
 Eractu'ra, Catax'is, Clasis, Glasma., Agme, Ag- 
 tiin, Diar'rhage. A solution of continuity in a 
 bone, Osteoc'lasis. A simple fracture is when the 
 bone only is divided. A compound fracture is a 
 division of the bone with a, wound of the integu- 
 
 ments commnnicating with the bone, — the bone, 
 indeed, generally protruding. In a com' minuted 
 fracture, Alpihite'don, aXcptTrjSov, Carye'don Ca- 
 tag'ma, Kapvrjiov Karayfia, the bone is broken into 
 several pieces ; and in a complicated fracture. 
 there is, in addition to the injury done to the 
 bone, a lesion of some considerable vessel, ner- 
 vous trunk, (fee. Fractures are also termed trans- 
 verse, oblique, (fee, according to their direction. 
 The treatment of fractures consists, in general, in 
 reducing the fragments when displaced; maintain- 
 ing them when reduced ; preventing the symp- 
 toms, which may be likely to arise; and combating 
 them when they occur. The reduction of fractures 
 must be efi'ected by extension, counter-extension, 
 and coaptation. The parts are kept in apposition 
 by position, rest, and an appropriate apparatus. 
 The position must vary according to the kind of 
 fracture. Commonly, the fractured limb is placed 
 on a horizontal or slightly inclined plane, in a 
 state of extension ; or rather in a middle state 
 between extension and flexion, according to the 
 case. 
 
 FRACTURE EN RAVE, Raphanedon. 
 
 Fracture of the Radius, Barton's, Bar- 
 ton's Fracture. A term applied to a fracture of 
 the lower extremity of the radius, which com- 
 mences at the articular surface, and extends up- 
 wards for an inch or more, to terminate on the 
 dorsal aspect. Owing to the extensor muscles 
 drawing up the separated portion of the bone, 
 and with it the carpus, a deformity results, which 
 has been confounded with simple dislocation. In 
 consequence of the fracture having been well de- 
 scribed by Dr. John Rhea Barton, of Philadel- 
 phia, it is often called after him. 
 
 FRACTURES PAR RESONNANCE, see 
 Contrafissura. 
 
 FR^XA EPIGLOT'TIDIS, Glosso-epiglottic 
 ligaments — f. Morgagnii, F. of the Valve of 
 Bauhin. 
 
 Fr^na of the Valte of Bauhin, (F.) Freins 
 de la valvule de Bauhin. A name given by Mor- 
 gagni to the projecting lines formed by the junc- 
 tion of the extremities of the two lips of the ileo- 
 co9cal valve. They are also called Frcena and 
 Retinac'ula 3Iorgagn'ii. 
 
 FR^XULUM, see Frajnum, Bride — t Clito- 
 ridis, Fraenum clitoridis — f. Labiorum, Fourchette 
 — f. Xovum, Taenia semicircularis. 
 
 Fr^'nulum Veli Medulla'ris Anterio'ris. 
 A narrow slip, given off by the commissure of the 
 encephalic testes, which strengthens the junction 
 of the testes with the valve of Vieussens. 
 
 FR^XUM, Fre'num; (F.) Frein, 'a bridle.' 
 Free' nidum, Filel'lum, Filamen'tum. ' A small 
 bridle.' A bridle. Xames given to several mem- 
 branous folds, which bridle and retain certain 
 organs. 
 
 Fr^nuji Clitor'idis, Frm'nulum Clitor'idis, 
 (F.) Frein du Clitoris. A slight duplicature 
 formed by the union of the internal portions of 
 the upper extremity of the nymphae. , 
 
 Fr^num Glandis, F. Penis. 
 
 Fr^XUM Labio'rum, (F.) Frein des levres. 
 There are two of these; one for the upper, the 
 other for the lower lip. They unite these parts 
 to the maxillary bone, and are formed bj' the 
 mucous membrane of the mouth. Also, the 
 Fojirchette, 
 
 FrjENUH LINGU.E, Fra'nulum sen Vin'culum 
 LingucB, Glossodes'mus, File'tum, (F.) Filet ou 
 Frein de la langue, is a triangular reflection, 
 formed by the mucous membrane of the mouth, 
 and situate between the inferior paries of that 
 cavity and the inferior surface of the tongue. 
 When the fraenum extends as far as the extra- 
 
FRAGARIA 
 
 389 
 
 PRAXINUS AMERICANA 
 
 mity of the tongue, it cramps its moTemehts, in- 
 terferes with sucking, &o. This inconvenience 
 is remedied by carefully snipping it with a pair 
 of scissors. The French call this I'operation du 
 filet. 
 
 Fr^stjit Penis, F. seu Fra'nvlum seu Yin'cu- 
 lum Prapii'tii, F. Glandis, Cynodes'mion, Cyno- 
 dex'tnua, Vin'cuhim Oani'num, (F.) Filet on Frein 
 de la verge, is a membranous reflection which 
 fixes the prepuce to the lower part of the glans. 
 When too short, it prevents the prepuce from 
 sliding over the glans. 
 
 FrjExum PR^pnni, F. Penis. 
 FRAGA'RIA, from fragro, 'I smell sweetly.' 
 The Straioherry, Fraga'ria vesea seu vidga'ris 
 seu semper-fiorens, Chama'hatos, (F.) Fraisier. 
 The fruit is agreeable and wholesome, and the 
 roots have been used as tonic and slightly diure- 
 tic. The fruit is the Fragrum, KOjiafov of the an- 
 cients ; (F.) Fraise. 
 
 Fragaria Anserina, Potentilla anserina — f. 
 Pentaphyllum, Potentilla reptans — f. Tormentilla 
 officinalis, Potentilla tormentilla. 
 
 Fraga'ria Virginia'na, Wild Strawherry. 
 
 An indigenous plant, which has astringent leaves. 
 
 FRAGILE VITREUM, Fragilitas ossium. 
 
 FRAGIL'ITAS, i?«i3<i6!7'i>as, irom frango, '1 
 
 break.' Fragility, Brittleness. The state of 
 
 being easily broken or torn. 
 
 Fkagil'itas Os'siuir, OsteopsatTiyro'sis, BrW- 
 tleneas of the hones, Friahil'ity of the hones. Fa- 
 ros' tia frag" His, Frag" He vit'revm. Pathologists 
 have given this name to the extreme facility with 
 which bones break in certain diseases of the os- 
 seous texture. It is owing to a deficiency of the 
 animal matter. 
 
 FRAGMENT, Fragmen'tum, Frogmen, Fa- 
 men' turn, iiom. frangere, 'to break.' The French 
 use this term for the two portions of a fractured 
 bone ; thus, they speak of the superior and the 
 inferior fragment. 
 
 Fragments, Prec"ious. A name formerly 
 given, in Pharmacy, to the garnet, hyacinth, 
 emerald, sapphire and topaz. The Arabs falsely 
 attributed to them cordial and alixiterial proper- 
 ties. 
 FRAG ON, Ruscus. 
 FRAGUM, see Fragaria. 
 FRAISE, see Fragaria. 
 FRAISIER, Fragaria. 
 
 FRAMBCE'SIA, FramhcB'sia, Lepra fungif- 
 era, from Framboise, (F.) 'A raspberry.' Syph'- 
 ilis In'dica, Anthra'cia ru'bula, Thymio'sis, Thy- 
 mio'sis seu Lues In'dica, Vari'ola Amboinen'sis, 
 Lepra fungif era, Scroph'ula Molucca'na. The 
 Yaws, Epian, Pian. A disease of the Antilles 
 and of Africa, characterized by tumours, of a 
 contagious character, which resemble strawber- 
 ries, raspberries, or champignons ; ulcerate, and 
 are accompanied by emaciation. The Pian, for 
 so the Indians call it, differs somewhat in Ame- 
 rica and Africa. 
 
 Pian of Amer'ica, Framhce'sia America'na, 
 Anthra'cia Bu'bula Americana, occurs under 
 similar circumstances with the next, and seems 
 to be transmitted by copulation. The tumours 
 have a similar form, and are greater in propor- 
 tion to their paucity. In some cases they are 
 mixed with ulcers. 
 
 Pian of Guin'ea, Framhce'sia Guineen'sis, An- 
 thra'cia Ru'bula Guineen'sis, is common amongst 
 the negroes, especially in childhood and youth. 
 It begins by small spots, which appear on diffe- 
 rent parts, and especially en the organs of gene- 
 ration and around the anus; these spots disap- 
 pear, and are transformed into an eschar, to 
 which an excrescence succeeds, that grows slowly, 
 and has ihe shape above described. 
 
 The treatment is nearly the same in the two 
 varieties. The tumours will yield to mercurial 
 friction, when small. AYhen large, they must be 
 destroyed by caustic. In both cases, mercury 
 must be given to prevent a recurrence. 
 
 An endemic disease resembling yaws was ob- 
 served in the Feejee Islands by the medical nffi • 
 cers of the United States' Exploring Expediiion. 
 It is called by the natives Bthoke. 
 
 Frambcesia Illyrica, Scherlievo — f. Scotiea, 
 Sibbens. 
 
 FRAMBOISE, Rubus idasus. 
 
 FRANCOLIN, Attagen. 
 
 F RANGES SYNO VI ALES, Synovial glands. 
 
 FRANGULA ALNUS, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 FRANE:INCENSE, common, see Pinus 
 abies — f. True, Juniperus lycia. 
 
 FRANZENSBAD, FRANZBAD, or FRANZ- 
 ENSBRUNN, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 celebrated water at Eger, in Bohemia, which 
 contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron, and 
 carbonic acid gas. The springs are also called 
 Franzensbrunnen. 
 
 FRAPPER, Percuss. 
 
 FRASERA CAROLINIENSIS, see Calumba 
 — f. Officinalis, see Calumba — f. Walteri, see Ca- 
 lumba. 
 
 FRATER UTERINUS, see Uterinus frater. 
 
 FRATERNITAS, Adelphixia. 
 
 FRATRATIO, Adelphixia. 
 
 FRAXINELLA DICTAMNUS, Dictamnus 
 albus — f. White, Dictamnus albus. 
 
 FRAXINUS AMERICA'NA, White Ash; and 
 
 Fraxinus Quadrangula'ta, Blue Ash, indi- 
 genous ; have bitter and astringent barks, and 
 have been used as antiperiodics. ^ 
 
 Fraxinus Apetala, F. excelsior — f. Aurea, F. 
 excelsior — f. Crispa, F. excelsior — f. Excelsa, F. 
 excelsior. 
 
 Frax'inus Excel'sior. The systematic name 
 of the Ash tree, Frax'inus, Orntis seu Fraxinus 
 sylves'tris, Fr. apet'ala seu au'rea seu ci'ispa seu 
 excel' sa seu pen'dula seu verruco'sa, Bume'lia seu 
 Macedon'ica Fraxinus, Bumelia. Ord. Oleacea?. 
 (F.) Frene. The fresh bark has a moderately 
 strong, bitterish taste. It has been said to pos- 
 sess resolvent and diuretic qualities, and has been 
 given in intermittents. The seeds, called Birds' 
 tongues, LingucB avis, Ornithoglos'ses, have been 
 exhibited as diuretics, in the dose of a drachm. 
 Its sap has been extolled against deafness. 
 
 Fraxinus Florifera, F. ornus — f. Macedo- 
 nica, F. excelsior. 
 
 Fraxinus Ornus, Fraxinus me'lia seu pant- 
 cula'ta sen florifera, Ornus mannif era sen rotun- 
 difo'lia. The systematic name of the tree whence 
 7)ianna flows. This substance is also called Manna 
 Calabri'na, Ros Calabri'nus, Aerom'eli, Drosom'- 
 eli, Drysom'eli, Mel ae'rium, Succus orni concre'- 
 tus. In SicUy, not only the Fraxinus Ornus, but 
 also the F. rotundifolia and F. excelsior are regular- 
 ly cultivated for the purpose of procuring manna, 
 which is their condensed juice. In the Ph. U. S. 
 it is assigned to Ornus Europcsa. Manna is in- 
 odorous, sweetish, with a very slight degree of 
 bitterness ,• in friable flakes, of a whitish or pale 
 yellow colour; opake, and soluble in water and 
 alcohol. It is laxative, and is used as a pur- 
 gative for children, who take it readily on ac- 
 count of its sweetness. More generally it is em- 
 ployed as an adjunct to other purgatives. Dose, 
 §ss to §ij. Its immediate principle is called 
 Mannite or Mannin. This has been recomrajnded 
 by Magendie as a substitute for manna. Doso, 
 ^ij, for children. 
 
 Fraxinus Paniculata, F, ornus — f. Quadran- 
 gulata, see F. Americana — f. Rotundifolia, ff. 
 ornus. 
 
FRATEUR 
 
 390 
 
 FROISSEMENT 
 
 FRAYEUR NOCTURNE, Panophobia. 
 
 FRECKLES, Ephelides. 
 
 FREEMAN'S BATHING SPIRITS, see Li- 
 nimentum saponis compositum. 
 
 FREIN, Fraenum — /. du Clitoris, Fraenum 
 clitoridis — f. de la Langue, Fraenum linguae — /. 
 «/«« Livres, Fraenum laborium — /. de la Verge, 
 Fraenum penis. 
 
 F RE INS DE LA VAL VULE DE BA UHIN, 
 Frfena of the valve of Bauhin. 
 
 FREINWALDE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These springs are in Brandenburg, twelve leagues 
 from Berlin. They contain chloride of sodium, 
 sulphate of magnesia, chloride of magnesium, sul- 
 phate of lime, carbonates of lime and magnesia, 
 iron, &e., and are used in asthenic diseases. 
 
 FREMISSEMENT, Shuddering. 
 
 FREMISSE3IENT CAT AIRE (F.), 'Cat's 
 purr.' Purring Tremor. Laennec has given this 
 name to the agitation which is sensible to the 
 hand, when applied on the praecordial region, 
 and which he considers a sign of ossification or 
 other contraction of the auriculo-ventricular open- 
 ings. The name was chosen by him from the 
 analogy of the sound to the purring of a cat. 
 
 FREMITUS, Bruissement, Fremisaement, Shud- 
 dering. 
 
 The Pec'toral or Vocal Frem'itus, Pectoral Vi- 
 ira'tion. Tactile vibration, is an obscure diffused 
 resonance of the voice, which is felt when the 
 hand is applied to the chest. 
 
 FRENA, Alveolus. 
 
 FRENE, Fraxinus excelsior — /. Fpineux, 
 Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. 
 , FRENULUM, see Fraenum. 
 
 FRENUM, Fraenum. 
 
 FRET, Chafing, Herpes. 
 
 FRETILLEMENT, Fidgets. 
 
 FRICATIO, Friction. 
 
 FRICATORIUM, Liniment. 
 
 FRICB, Fricum, Frico'nium. A medicine 
 which the ancients employed under the form of 
 friction. They distinguish the Friee siceum and 
 F. molle. — Gaubius. 
 
 FRICONIUM, Frice. 
 
 FRICTA, Colophonia. 
 
 FRICTIO, Friction — f. Humida, see Friction 
 — ^f. Sicca, see Friction. 
 
 FRICTION, Fric'tio, Erica' tio, Anat'ribe, 
 Anatrip'sis, Trypsis, Chirap'sia, from fricare, 
 'to rub.' The action of rubbing a part of the 
 surface of the body more or less forcibly, with 
 the hands, a brush, flannel, &c., constituting Xe- 
 rotrih'ia, Xerotrip' sis, Fric'tio sicca or dry fric- 
 tion ; or with ointments, liniments, tinctures, &e., 
 constituting r/ioi«f /n'cizoj!, Fric'tio hu'mida. It 
 is a useful means for exciting the action of the 
 skin. 
 
 FRicnoN Sound, Bruit de frottement. 
 
 FRICTRIX, Trihade. 
 
 FRICTUM, Liniment. 
 
 FRICUM, Frice. 
 
 FRIGEFACIENTIA, Refrigerants. 
 
 FRIGID, Frig"idu8, (F.) Froid : same ety- 
 mon as Frigidity. Cold. Not easily moved to 
 sexual desire; Tmbel'lis ad ven'erem. Impotent. 
 
 FRIGIDARIUM, Bath, cold. 
 
 FRIGID'ITY, Frigid' itas, from frigidvm, 
 'cold.' A sensation of cold. Also, impotence, 
 and sterility. Frigidity of the stomach is a state 
 of debility of that organ, imputed to excessive 
 Vdnery, — \h&Anorex'ia exhausto'rum of Sauvages. 
 
 FRIGIDUS, Frigid. 
 
 FRIGORIF'IC, from /rf^«9, 'cold,' and /o, 
 ' I make. That which has the power of produc- 
 ing cold. The beat Frigorific Mixtures are 
 the following. Their effects are owing to the 
 
 rapid absorption of heat when solids pass into 
 the liquid state. 
 
 Frigorific Mixtures vnxn Snow. 
 
 llixtures. 
 Snow, or pounded ice, two 
 parts by weight; 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 1. 
 
 Snow or pounded ice 5. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 2. 
 
 Mur. of Ammonia 1. 
 
 Snow or pounded ice 24. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 10. 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia 5. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash 5. 
 
 Snow or pounded ice 12. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 6. 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia 5. 
 
 Dilut. Sulph. Acid 2. 
 
 Snow 3. 
 
 Concentr. Mur. Acid 5. 
 
 Snow 8. 
 
 Concentr. Nitrous Acid. ... 4. 
 
 Snow 7. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium 5. 
 
 Snow 4. 
 
 Crystall. Chloride of Calcium 3. 
 
 Snow 2. 
 
 Fused Potash 4. 
 
 Snow 3. 
 
 Therm, falls, 
 
 ( 
 
 to— 5° 
 
 
 ]> 
 
 to— 12" 
 
 to— 18= 
 
 to— 25° 
 from +32° 
 
 to— 23° 
 from+32° 
 
 to— 27° 
 from -1-32° 
 
 to— 30° 
 from-l-32° 
 
 to— 40° 
 from+32° 
 
 to— 50° 
 from-l-32° 
 
 to— 51° 
 
 Frigorific Mixtures may also be made by the 
 rapid solution of salts, without the use of snow or 
 ice. The salts must be finely powdered and dry. 
 
 Frigorific Mixtures without Snow. 
 
 :} 
 
 dlixtiires. 
 
 Mur. of Ammonia 5. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash 5. 
 
 Water 16. 
 
 Mur. of Ammonia 5. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash 5. 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 8. i 
 
 Water 16.J 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia 1. ] 
 
 Water 1. J 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia 1 
 
 Carbonate of Soda 1 
 
 Water 1 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 
 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid 2 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 
 
 Mur. of Ammonia 4. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash 2. j 
 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. J 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 6, 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia 5 
 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4 
 
 Phosphate of Soda 9. ) 
 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. j 
 
 Phosphate of Soda 9. 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia 6. 
 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. 
 
 Sulphate of Soda. 8. 
 
 Muriatic Acid 5. 
 
 Sulphate of Soda 5. 
 
 Dilut. Sulphuric Acid 4. 
 
 FRIGUS, Cold— f. Tenue. see Rigor. 
 FRISSON, Rigor. 
 FRISSONNEMENT, Horripilation. 
 FROGLEAF, Brasenia Hydropeltis. 
 FROG TONGUE, Ranula. 
 FROGS' SPAWN, Sperma ranarum. 
 FROID, Cold, Frigid—/: Glacial, Ice-cold. 
 FROISSEiVENT. (F.) ' Rubbing, bruising.' 
 FROISSEMENT PTiJ.MONAIRE, Bruit de 
 froissement pulmonaire, Pulmonary crumptinff 
 
 Therm, falls, 
 
 from+50° 
 
 to— 10° 
 
 from+50° 
 to+lU° 
 
 from-F50° 
 to+ 4° 
 
 from-j-50° 
 to— 7° 
 
 from4-50° 
 to— 3° 
 
 from+50° 
 to— 10° 
 
 from-F50° 
 to— 14° 
 
 from-t-50° 
 to— 12° 
 
 from-f-50° 
 to— 21° 
 
 from4-50° 
 to— 0° 
 
 from+50° 
 to— 3° 
 
FBOLEMENT 
 
 391 
 
 FUCUS 
 
 gound. A name given by M. Fournet to a respi- 
 ratory sonnd, which communicates to the ear the 
 sensation of the rubbing (froissement) of a tex- 
 ture compressed against a hard body. It is by 
 HO means well defined. 
 
 FROLEMENT, (F.) 'Grazing or touching 
 lightly.' 
 
 FR6LEMENT PERIGARDIQUE, Bruit de 
 frolement pericardique. Rustling noise of the 
 pericardium. A sound resembling that produced 
 by the crumpling of a piece of parchment or of 
 thick silken stuff, accompanying the systole and 
 diastole of the heart. It indicates roughness of 
 the pericardium induced by disease. 
 
 FROM AGE, Cheese. 
 
 F ROME NT, Triticum. 
 
 FRONCEMENT, Corrugation. 
 
 FRO N OLE, Furunculus. 
 
 FRONDE, Funda. 
 
 FRONT, FroHS, Meto'pon, Forehead, Brow. 
 That part of the visage, which extends from one 
 temple to the other, and is comprised in a verti- 
 cal direction, between the roots of the hair and 
 the superciliary ridges. 
 
 FRONTAL, Fronta'lis. Relating or belong- 
 ing to the front. This name has been given to 
 several parts. Winslow, Sommering, and others, 
 call the anterior part of the occipito-frontalis — 
 the frontal mii^ele or fronta'lis, 3fusetilo'sa Frontis 
 Gutem movens substan'tia Par (Vesalius). 
 
 Frontal Artery, A. supra-orbita'lis, is given 
 off by the ophthalmic, which is itself a branch of 
 the internal carotid. It makes its exit from the 
 Bkull at the upper part of the base of the orbit, 
 and ascends the forehead between the bone and 
 the orbicularis palpebrarum ; dividing into three 
 or four branches, which are distributed to the 
 neighbouring muscles. 
 
 Frontal Bone, Os frontis, Os corona'le, Os in- 
 verecuii' dum, Meto'pon, Os puppis, Os Ratio'nis, 
 A double bone in the foetus, single in the adult, 
 situate at the base of the cranium, and at the 
 Siuperior part of the face. It forms the vault 
 of the orbit ; lodges the ethmoid bone in a 
 notch at its middle part ; and is articulated, 
 besides, with the sphenoid, parietal, and nasal 
 bones, the ossa unguis, superior maxillary, and 
 malar bones. 
 
 Frontal Furrow extends upwards from the 
 frontal spine, and becomes gradually larger in its 
 course, to lodge the upper part of the superior 
 longitudinal sinus, and to give attachment to the 
 falx cerebri. 
 
 Frontal Nerve, Palpihro-frontal — (Ch.,) is 
 the greatest of the three branches of the ophthal- 
 mic nerve, — the first division of the 5th pair. 
 It proceeds along the superior paries of the orbit, 
 and divides into two branches : — the one, inter- 
 nal, which makes its exit from the orbitar fossa, 
 passing beneath the pulley of the oblique muscle : 
 — the other, external, issuing from the same ca- 
 vity, by the foramen orbitarium superius. 
 
 Frontal Protu'berance, Frontal tuberos'ity, 
 Tuber fronta'le, Suggrun'dium supercilio'rum. 
 The protuberance of the frontal bone above the 
 superciliary arch. 
 
 Frontal Si'nuses, Fronta'les Siniis, Meto- 
 pan'tra, Prosopan'tra, Stmts Supercilia'res, S. 
 pituita' rii frontis. Cavern' m frontis, are two deep 
 cavities in the substance of the frontal bone, 
 separated from each other by a medium septum, 
 and opening, below, into the anterior cells of the 
 ethmoid bone. 
 
 Frontal Spine, Crista inter'na, is situate in 
 the middle of the under part of the bone, and is 
 formed by the coalescence of the inner tables for 
 the attachment of the falx cerebri. 
 
 Surgeons have given the name Fronta'lis to 
 a bandage or topical application to the forehead. 
 Such have, also, been called TpofitT(/}iTi6ia and 
 avanoWtjiJiaTa. 
 
 Frontal Tuberosity, Frontal f)rotuberanee. 
 
 FRONTA'LE, from frons, 'the forehead.' A 
 medicine applied to the forehead. 
 
 FRONTALIS ET OCCIPITALIS, Occipito- 
 frontalis. 
 
 Frontalis Vertjs, Corrugator superciliL 
 
 FRONTODYMIA, see Cephalodyraia. 
 
 FRONTO- ETHMOID FORAMEN, Ca;eum 
 foramen — /. Nasal, Pyramidalis nasi — /. So-ur- 
 cilier, Corrugator supercilii. 
 
 FROSTBITE, Congelation. 
 
 FROSTWEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum, He- 
 lianthemum Canadense. 
 
 FROSTWORT, Helianthemum Canadense. 
 
 FROTH'Y, from Gr. a<ppoi, 'froth.' (?) <S>jr(- 
 mo'sus, (F.) Spumeux, Eeumeux, Moitsseux. Au 
 epithet given to the faeces or sputa, when mixed 
 with air. 
 
 FR0TTE3IENT, see Bruit de frottement. 
 
 FROTTEMENT GLOBULAIRE. A name 
 given by M. Simonnet, to the pulse in aortic re- 
 gurgitation, when it is jerking, and, in well 
 marked cases, appears as if the blood consisted 
 of several little masses, which passed in succes- 
 sion under the finger applied to the artery. 
 
 FRUCTIFICATIO, Fecundation. 
 
 FRUCTUS HOR^I, Fruit, (summer)— f. Im- 
 maturus, Abortion. 
 
 FRUGIV'OROUS, Frugiv'orus, from fruges, 
 'fruits,' and voro, 'I eat.' One that eats fruits. 
 
 FRUIT, FructHs, from frui, 'to enjoy.' Corpos. 
 In botany, the seed with its enclosing pericarp. 
 In a medical sense it may be defined to be : — 
 that part of a plant which is taken as food. The 
 effects of fruits on the body, in a medical as well 
 as a dietetical point of view, are varioiis. They 
 may be distinguished into classes : for, whilst the 
 Cerealia, for example, afford fruits, which are 
 highly nutritious, the Summer Fruits (Frvctus 
 Horas'i,) which include strawberries, cherries, 
 currants, mulberries, raspberries, figs, grapes, Ac., 
 are refrigerant and grateful, but afford little nou 
 rishment. 
 
 FRUIT-SUGAR, Glucose. 
 
 FRUMENT, Fru'menty, Fur'menty, from frit.- 
 mentum, ' wheat' or ' grain,' quasi frxigimentum ; 
 from fruges, ' fruit,' Pottage made of wheat. 
 Food made of wheat boiled in milk. 
 
 FRUMEN'TUM. Same etymon. Sltos. Any 
 kind of grain from which bread was made; — 
 especially wheat. 
 
 Frumentum, Triticum — f, Corniculatum, Ergot 
 — f. Cornutum, Ergot — f, Luxurians, Ergot — f. 
 Temulentum, Ergot — f, Turgidum, Ergot, 
 
 FRUSTRATOIBE, (F,) Any liquor, taken 
 a short time after eating, for the purpose of as- 
 sisting digestion when diflBcult. Sugared water. 
 eau sucree, or water with the addition of a little 
 brandy, or some aromatic substance, is commonly 
 used for this purpose. 
 
 FRUTEX BACCIFER BRAZILIENSIS, Caa- 
 ghivuyo — f. Indicus spinosus, Cara schullL 
 
 FUCUS, F. vesiculosus. Paint. 
 
 Fucus Amyla'ceus, Jaffna Moss, Ed'ible Monx, 
 Ceylon Moss, Ploca'ria can'dida, Gracila'ria li 
 cheno'i'des, SphcBrococ'cus lichenoV des, Gigarti'na 
 lichenoV des, Fucus lichenoi'des. Marine Moss. 
 This moss belongs to the natural order Algae. It 
 was introduced some years ago into England, 
 from India. It is white, filiform and fibrous, and 
 has the usual odour of sea-weeds. Its medical 
 properties are similar to those of Irish moss. 
 
 Fucus, Bladder, F. vesiculosus. 
 
 Fucus Crispus, Lichen Carrageen, Chondrus, 
 
puaA 
 
 392 
 
 FUNCTION 
 
 CJi. cnspus, SpTicBrococ'eus crispus, Ulva crispa, 
 Ohondrus polymor'phvs, Irish mosn, Carrageen or 
 Corrir/een moss, (F.) Mousse d'Irlande, M. j)erlee. 
 This Fucus, of the Natural Family AlycB, is found 
 on the coasts of England. Ireland, Western France, 
 Spain, and Portugal, and as far as the tropics. 
 Ii is also a native of the United States. In Ire- 
 land, it is used by the poor as an article of diet. 
 As met Trith in America, it is of a light yellow 
 colour, and resembles plates of horn, crisped and 
 translucent. An agreeable jelly is obtained from 
 it by boiling it in water or milk, which forms a 
 good article of diet in consumptive cases. Its 
 ])roperties are indeed exactly like those of the 
 Iceland Moss. 
 
 Fuctjs Helminthocortox, Corallina Corsica- 
 na — f. Inflat-us, F. vesiculosus — f. Lichenoides, 
 F. amylaceus — f. Saccharine, Rhodomela pal- 
 mata. 
 
 Fucus Vesiculo'sus, F. injlu'tus, Hal'idryg 
 vesicido' sa, Quercus Mari'no., Fucus, Bladder Fu- 
 ens, Sea Oah, Sea Wrack, Yellow Bladder Wrack, 
 (F.) Varec vesicxdeux, OMne marin. It has been 
 said to be a useful assistant to sea-water, in the 
 cure of disorders of the glands. When the wrack, 
 in fruit, is dried, cleaned, exposed to a red-heat 
 in a crucible with a perforated lid, and is reduced 
 to powder, it forms the ^'thiops vegetab'ilis — 
 the Pidvis Quercus Mari'ncB of the Dublin Phar- 
 macopoeia — which is used, like the burnt sponge, 
 in bronchocele and other scrofulous swellings. 
 Its efficacy depends on the iodine it contains. 
 Dose, gr. x to ^ijj mixed in molasses or honey. 
 See Soda. 
 
 FUGA D^MONUM, Hypericum perforatum. 
 
 FUGA'CIOUS, Fugax, irom fug ere, 'to fly.' 
 An epithet given to certain symptoms, which 
 appear and disappear almost immediately after- 
 wards ; as & fugacious redness, — & fugacious swel- 
 ling. Tumor fugax, &c. 
 
 FUGAX, Fugacious. 
 
 FUGE, from. fugo, 'I expel,' 'an expeller.' A 
 common sujffis. Hence, Febrifuge, Vermifuge, &,c. 
 
 FU'GILE, Fugil'la. This term has" several 
 acceptations. It means, 1. The cerumen of the 
 ear. 2. The nebulous suspension in, or deposi- 
 tion from, the urine. 3. An abscess near the 
 ear. — Euland and Johnson. 4. Abscess in general. 
 
 FUGILLA, Fugile. 
 
 FULGUR, Astrape. 
 
 FULIG"INOUS, Fuligino'sus, Lignyo'des, (F.) 
 Fuligineuz, from fuligo, ' soot.' Having the co- 
 lour of soot. An epithet given to certain parts, 
 as the lips, teeth, or tongue, when they assume a 
 brownish colour, or rather, are covered with a 
 coat of that colour. 
 
 FULI'GO, Lignys, Soot, (F.) Suie, <te. Wood- 
 soot, Fuligo Ligni, consists of volatile alkaline 
 salt, empyreumatic oil, fixed alkali, &c. A tinc- 
 ture, Tinctu'ra Fulig"inis, prepared from it, has 
 been recommended as a powerful antispasmodic 
 in hysterical cases. {Fulig. h'gn. ^ij; potass, 
 iuhearb. Ibss ; ammon. muriat. 5j ; aqucB Jiuviat. 
 Oiij. Digest for three days.) This tincture bears 
 the name Soot drops and Fit drojys. An oint- 
 ment of soot has been used in various cutaneous 
 diseases. 
 
 Fuligo Alba Philosophorum, Ammonise mu- 
 rias. 
 
 FULIGO'KALI, from fnh'gn, 'soot,' and Jcali, 
 'potassa.' This is an analogous preparation to 
 anthrakokali ; soot being used in the place of 
 f jal. It is employed in the same diseases. AVhat 
 might be regarded as a weak solution of fuligo- 
 iiali has been used for many years in Philadel- 
 ]>hia, iii'.der the names medical lye, soot tea, alka- 
 line solution, and dijupfpttc lye. 
 
 FULLERS' EARTH, Cimolia purpurescens. 
 
 FULMEN, Astrape. 
 
 FVLMIGOTON, see Collodion. 
 
 FULNESS, lieple'tio, Plen'itude, Pletlo'ia, 
 Iteple'tion. The state of being filled. Also, iv 
 feeling of weight or distention in the stomach or 
 other part of the system. 
 
 FUMA'RIA, Fnma'ria. officina'lis sen media, 
 FumuH terra, Capnos, Herba rnelancholSf'vga, 
 Fu'mitory, Common Fu'mitory, Fu'initer'ra, So- 
 la'men Scabioso'rttm, (F.) Fnmeterre. The leaves 
 are extremely succulent, and have a bitter, some- 
 what saline, taste. The infusion of the dried 
 leaves and the expressed juice of the fresh plant 
 have been extolled for their property of clearing 
 the skin of many disorders of the leprous kind. 
 
 Fuma'ria Bulbo'sa, F. cava sen major, Borck- 
 hausen'iacava, CapnoVdes cava, Aristolochi'a fa- 
 ba'cea seu cava seu vulga'ris rotun'da, Coryd'alis 
 bulbo'ea seu cava sen tutero'sa, Capnor'chia. The 
 root of this plantwas formerly given as anemmena- 
 gogue and anthelmintic. {¥.) Fumeterre bulbeuse. 
 
 FuMARiA Cava, F. bulbosa — f. Major, F. bul- 
 bosa — f. Media, Fumaria — f. Officinalis, Fumaria. 
 
 FUMETERRE, Fumaria. 
 
 FUMIGATIO, Fumigation — f. Antiloimica 
 Gaubii, see Disinfection — f. Guytoniensis, see 
 Disinfection — f. Smythiana, see Disinfection. 
 
 FUMIGA'TION, Fumiga'tio, from fumus, 
 'smoke.' Suffi'tus, Suffit"io, Suffumina'tio, Svf- 
 fumig"ium, Suffimen'tum, Apocapnis'mus, TTiymi- 
 a'ma, EpitJiymia' ma, Hypothymia'ma, Hyjiotliy- 
 mia'sis, Thymiu'sia, Oapnis'mos, Hypocapmis'mos, 
 Hypat'mus, Hypatmis'mus, Anathymia'sis. An 
 operation, the object of which is to fill a circum- 
 scribed space with gas or vapour ; with the in- 
 tention either of purifying the air, of perfuming 
 it, or of charging it with a substance proper for 
 acting upon a part of the surface of the human 
 body. Hence, fumigations have been distin- 
 guished into aqueous, aromatic, sulphureous, mer- 
 curial, disinfecting, Guytonian, kc. Benzoin ge- 
 nerally constitutes the chief ingredient in the 
 Fumigating Pastilles, to which any variety of 
 odoriferous substances may be added. The fol- 
 lowing is one formula : 
 
 Be. Benzoin, ^i; cascarillw, 5^^' '"y ''^' 9j > 
 ol. myrist., ol. caryoph. aa gtt. x ; potassm nitrat. 
 ^ss ; carbon, lign. gvj ; mucil. trag. q. s. 
 
 Fumigation', Chlorine, see Disinfection — f. 
 Nitrous, see Disinfection — f. Oxymuriatic, see 
 Disinfection. 
 
 FUMITERRA, Fumaria. 
 
 FUMITORY, Fumaria. 
 
 FUMUS ALDUS, Hydrargyrum— f. Citrimis, 
 Sulphur — f. Terras, Fumaria. 
 
 FUNAMBULA'TIO, irom funis, 'a cord,' and 
 ambulare, ' to walk.' An exercise with the an- 
 cients, which consisted in scaling ropes. 
 
 FUNCTION, Func'tio, Ac'tio, (F.) Fonction; 
 from fungor, 'I act,' 'perform.' The action of 
 an organ or system of organs. Any act, neces- 
 sary for accomplishing a vital phenomenon. A 
 function is a special office in the animal economy, 
 which has as its instrument, an organ or appara- 
 tus of organs. Thus, respiration is a function. 
 Its object is the conversion of venous into arte- 
 rial blood, and its instrument is the lungs. The 
 ancient physiologists dividi'd the functions into 
 vital, animal, and natural. They called vitalfnic- 
 tions those which are essential to life, as innerva- 
 tion, circulation, respiration ; animal functions, 
 those which belong to the encephalon; viz.: the 
 functions of theintelleet, the affections of the mind, 
 and the voluntary motions ; and natural func- 
 tions, Faculta'tes seu Actio'nes natura'les, those 
 relating to assimilation, such as the actions of the 
 abdominal viscera, of the absorbent and exhalant 
 vessels, &c. Eichat divided the functions into 
 
FUNCTIONAL DISEASES 
 
 393 
 
 FURIA INFERNALIS 
 
 those whicli relate to the preservation of the in- 
 dividual, and those that relate to the preservation 
 of the species. The former he subdivided into 
 animal and organic. The animal functions or 
 functions of relation are those of the intellect, 
 sensation, locomotion, and voice. The organic 
 functions include digestion, absorption, respira- 
 tion, circulation, secretion, nutrition, and calori- 
 fication. The/u7!cfi'o)is, whose object is the pre- 
 servation of the species — the organic, nutritive, or 
 vegetative functions — are all those that relate to 
 generation ; — such as conception, gestation, ac- 
 couchement, &c. Each of these admits of nu- 
 merous subdivisions in a complete course of 
 Physiology ; — for SO the doctrine of the functions 
 is called. 
 
 FUNCTIONAL DISEASES, see Organic Dis- 
 efoses. 
 
 EUNDA, S-phen'done, (^F.) Fronde. A band- 
 age, composed of a fillet or long compress, cleft 
 at its extremities to within about two inches of 
 its middle. It is used in diseases of the nose and 
 chin, and especially in cases of fracture of the 
 lower jaw. In such case it has, also, been called 
 Mentonniere, because placed beneath the chin ; 
 from (¥.) JJetiton, 'the chin.' 
 
 FUNDAMENT, Anus— f. Falling down of the, 
 Proctocele. 
 
 FUNDAMEN'TAL, from fundare, 'to lie 
 deeply.' Some anatomists have called the sa- 
 crum Os Fundamenta'le, because it seems to serve 
 as a base to the vertebral column. The sphenoid 
 hone has likewise been so denominated, from its 
 Tjeing situate at the base of the cranium. 
 
 FUNDUS, (F.) Fond. The base of any organ 
 which ends in a neck, or has an external aper- 
 ture ; as the Fundus vesicae, F. uteri, &c. Also, 
 the Vulva. 
 
 Fundus Vagina, Laquear vaginse. 
 
 FUNES CORDIS, Columnse carneee— f. Semi- 
 circulares. Semicircular canals. 
 
 FUNGIFORM PAPILLiE, see Papillae of the 
 Tongue. 
 
 FUN'GOID, FungoVdes, Myco'des, Fungifor'- 
 mis, Fun'giform, (¥.)Fongoide, Fongiforme, {rom 
 fungus, ' a mushroom,' and u6os, ' resemblance.' 
 That which has the shape of, or grows in some 
 measure like a mushroom, as the fungoid or fun- 
 giform papilla; or the tongue. 
 
 Fungoid Disease, Encephaloid. 
 
 FUNGOS'ITY, Fungos'itas, Caro luxu'rians, 
 G. fungo'sa, Ecsarco'ma, Proud Flesh, Hypsersar- 
 co'ma, Hypsersarco' sis, (F.) Fongosite. The qua- 
 lity of that which is fungous: — fungous excres- 
 cence, Excrescen'tia fungo'sa. The fungosities 
 which arise in wounds or ulcers are easily re- 
 pressed by gentle compression, dry lint, the sul- 
 phas cupri, or other gentle caustics. At times, 
 the more powerful are necessary, and sometimes 
 excision is required. 
 
 FUNGUS, Myces, (F.) Fongus, Champignon. 
 The mushroom order of plants ; class Cryptoga- 
 mia, in the Linnasan system. In Pathology, the 
 word is commonly used synonymously with fun- 
 gosity, myco'sis. M. Breschet has proposed to 
 restrict the term fungosity to vegetations which 
 arise on denuded surfaces, and to apply the term 
 fungus to the tumours which form in the sub- 
 stiince of the textures, without any external ulce- 
 ration. Fiei and warts, for example, would be 
 fungi of the skin. 
 
 Fungus Albus Saligneus, Daedalea suaveo- 
 lens — f. Articuli, Spina ventosa — f. Bleeding, Hae- 
 matodes fungus — f. Cancrosus hsematodes, Hse- 
 matodes F.— f. Cancrosus medullaris, see Ence- 
 phaloid — f. Cerebralis, see Encephaloid — f. Cere- 
 bri, Encephalocele — f. Chirurgorum, Lycoperdon 
 — ^tCynosbati, Bedeguar — f. Hasmatodes, Hasma- 
 
 todes fungus — f. Igniarius, Boletus igniarius — f. 
 Laricis, Boletus laricis — f. of Malta, Cynomorion 
 cocciueum — f. Medullaris, see Encephaloid — f. 
 Melanodes, Melanosis — f. Melitensis, Cynomorion 
 coccineum — f. Petrteus marinus. Umbilicus mari- 
 nus — f. Quercinus, Boletus igniarius — f. Rosarum, 
 Bedeguar — f. Salicis, Dasdalea suaveolens — f. 
 Sambucinus, Peziza auricula. 
 
 FUNIC BELLOWS' SOUND, see Bellows' 
 Sound, funic. 
 
 FUNICULI GRAC'ILES, Poste'rior ITe'dian 
 Columns or Fascic'idi of the medul'la oblonga'ia. 
 Along the posterior border of each corpus resti- 
 forme, and separated from it by a groove, is a 
 narrow white cord, separated from its fellow by 
 the fissura longitudinalis posterior. The pair of 
 cords are the funiculi graciles. Each funiculus 
 forms an enlargement — processus clavatus — at its 
 upper end, and is then lost in the corpus resti- 
 forme. 
 
 FuNic'uLi Sil'iqu^. Longitudinal fibres seen 
 in the groove which separates the corpus olivare 
 from the corpus pyramidale and corpus restiforme. 
 They enclose the base of the corpus olivare, — those 
 which lie on its inner side forming the funic' ulus 
 inter'nus ; and those on its outer side the funicu- 
 lus externus. 
 
 FUNICULUS, Cord— f. Externus, see Funiculi 
 siliquee — f. Internus, see Funiculi siliquaj — f. 
 Spermaticus, Spermatic cord — f. Tympani, Chorda 
 tympani. 
 
 FuNic'uLUS UjibilicAlis, Funis umMlica'lis, 
 Intestin' ulum, Vin'culum umhilica'le, Umbilical 
 cord, Navel string, diminutive of Funis, 'a cord.' 
 (F.) Cordon omhilicale. A cord-like substance, 
 which extends from the placenta to the umbilicus 
 of the foetus. It is composed of the chorion, am- 
 nion, an albuminous secretion called the Jelly of 
 the Cord, cellular substance, an umbilical vein, 
 and two umbilical arteries. The former conveys 
 the blood from the placenta to the foetus — the 
 latter return it. All these parts are surrounded 
 by a sheath — Investitu'ra seu Vagi' na funic' vli 
 umbilica'lis. Its usual length is from 16 to 22 
 inches. 
 
 Funiculus Varicosus, Cirsocele. 
 
 FUNIS, Cord, Laqueus — f Argenteus, Medulla 
 spinalis — f. Hippocratis, Achillis tendo — f. Umbi- 
 liealis. Funiculus umbilicalis. 
 
 FUNNEL, see Infundibulum, 
 
 FUR, Endnit. 
 
 FURCELLA, Fnr'cula; diminutive of furca, 
 'a fork.' The upper part of the sternum, the 
 clavicle. The Fourchette. 
 
 FuRCELLA Inferior, Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 FURCHMUHL, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These Bavarian springs contain carbonic acid, 
 sulphuretted hydrogen, carbonates of lime and 
 soda; chlorides of lime and magnesium, oxides 
 of iron and magnesium, &c. 
 
 FURCILLA, Fourchette. 
 
 PURCULA, Furcella, Clavicle, Fourchette. 
 
 FUR EUR UTERINE, Nymphomania. 
 
 FURFUR, Bran, Pit'yron, Ach' yron, Apobras' - 
 ma, Lemma, Cantahru'no, (F.) Son. The decoc- 
 tion is sometimes employed as an emollient. 
 
 PURPURA, Scarf. 
 
 FURFURA'CEOUS, hora. furfur, 'bran.' 
 Scurfy, Canica'ceous, Pithy ri'nus, Pityroides, Pi- 
 tyro'des. Resembling bran. A name given to 
 eruptions, in which the epidermis is detached in 
 small scales resembling bran. Also, a bran-liko 
 sediment observed at times in the urine; — Urin.a 
 furfura'cea, Sedimen'tum Uri'ncB pityroides. 
 
 FURFURATIO, Porrigo, Pityria«s. 
 
 FURFURISCA, PLtyriasis. 
 
 FU'RIA INFERNA'LIS. A kind of vermi- 
 form insect, scarcely two lines long, common is 
 
PURIBUNDUS 
 
 394 
 
 GALACTOPHAGOUS 
 
 Sweden, whicli flies about and stings both man 
 and animals, exciting the most excruciating 
 torture. 
 
 FURIBUNDUS, Maniodes. 
 
 FURIOSUS, Maniodes. 
 
 FURIOUS, Maniodes. 
 
 FURMENTY, Frument. 
 
 FURNAS, MINERAL "WATERS OF. A 
 thermal chalybeate water in St. Michael's, Azores, 
 •vrhieh contains carbonic acid, and carbonate of 
 iron. 
 
 FURONCLE, Purunculus. 
 
 FURONGLE GUEPIER. A malignant boil, 
 Wasjj's neat boil, which generally attacks the 
 nape and region of the neck, and rarely others 
 than old people. Hence it has been called Old 
 People's boil. 
 
 FUROR, Mania— f. Brevis, Rage— f. Mania, 
 Mania — f. Uterinus, Nymphomania. 
 
 FURROW, MENTO-LABIAL, see Mento- 
 labial furrow. 
 
 FURUNCULI ATONICI, Ecthyma— f. Ven- 
 triculus, see Furunculus. 
 
 FURUN'CULUS, from furiare, 'to make mad.' 
 CM'adiis, Chi'oli, Doth'ien, Dothion, Furun' cidtw 
 »iippurato'rrua, F. Verus, F. benig'nus, Phyma fu- 
 ruii' cuius, Absees'sus nuclea'tus, a furuncle, a 
 hoil, a bile. (F.) Furonele, Froncle, Clou. A small 
 phlegmon, which appears under the form of a 
 eonical, hard, circumscribed tumour, Iiaving its 
 seat in the dermoid texture. At the end of an 
 uncertain period, it becomes pointed, white or 
 
 yellow, and gives exit to pus mixed with blood. 
 When it breaks, a small, grayish, fibrous masa 
 sometimes appears, which consists of dead areo- 
 lar tissue. 'Xhis is called the Core, Setfast, Ven- 
 trie'ulus seu Nucleus Furwi'cidi, (P.) BourhiUon, 
 The abscess does not heal until after its separa- 
 tion. The indications of treatment are, — to dis- 
 cuss by the ■ application of leeches and warm 
 fomentations ; — or, if this cannot be done, to en- 
 courage suppuration by warm, emollient cata- 
 plasms. When suppuration is entirelj' established, 
 the part may be opened or sufi'ered to break, ac- 
 cording to circumstances. 
 
 Furunculus Gangk^nosus, Anthrax — f. Ma- 
 lignus. Anthrax. 
 
 FUSEE PURULENTE, (F.) The long and 
 sinuous route which pus takes, in certain cases, 
 in making its way to the surface. These Fusees 
 almost always form beneath the skin between the 
 muscles; or along aponeuroses, bones, tendons, 
 &c. 
 
 FUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel. 
 
 FUSIBLE, see Fusion. 
 
 FUSIBILITY, see Fusion. 
 
 FUSION, Fu'sio, Melting, Liquefaction ; from 
 fundere, fusimi, ' to melt.' In chymistry, the 
 transition of a solid body into a liquid by the aid 
 of heat. Substances capable of such transition 
 are said to he fusible ; or to be possessed ai fusi- 
 bility. 
 
 FUSTIC TREE, Cladastris tinctoria. 
 
 FUTUTOR, Tribade. 
 
 G. 
 
 The Greek G, r, with the ancient Greek phy- 
 sicians, signified an ounce. — Rhod. ad Scribonium. 
 
 GAB ALL A, Cabal. 
 
 GABELLA, Mesophryon. 
 
 GABIR'EA, yajStpea. A fatty kind of myrrh, 
 mentioned by Dioscorides. 
 
 G^OPHAGIA, Geophagism. 
 
 G-SIOPH'AGUS, from yaia, 'earth,' and ^ayu, 
 * I eat.' One who eats earth. 
 
 GAGEL, Myrica gale. 
 
 GAGUE SANG, Caque-sang. 
 
 GAHET, Cagot. 
 
 GAIAC, Guaiacum. 
 
 GAILLET ACCROCSANT, Galium aparine 
 - — g. Crochant, Galium aparine — g. Jaune, Galium 
 verum — g. Vrai, Galium verum. 
 
 GAINE, Vagina or sheath — g. de V Apophyse 
 stylo'ide, Vaginal process of the temporal bone — 
 y. de la veine parte, Vagina or sheath of the vena 
 l)orta. 
 
 GALA, yala, genitive ya\aKToi, milk ; hence : 
 
 GALACTACRA'SIA, from ya\a, 'milk,' and 
 aKfa<Tia, ' imperfect mixture.' A morbid mixture 
 or constitution of the milk. 
 
 GALACTACRATIA, Galactia. 
 
 GALACTjE'MIA, from ya\a, ya\aKTo;, 'milk,' 
 iind 'aiixa, ' blood.' A condition of the blood in 
 which it contains milk. 
 
 GALACTAGOGA, Galaetopoietica 
 
 G ALACTAPOSTEMA, Mastodynia apostema- 
 tosa. 
 
 GALACTIA, GalactirrJi.ae'a, Galactorrhoe'a, 
 irom ya\a, 'milll.' Lactis redundan'tia, Polyga- 
 lac'tia, Galactoze'mia. A redundant flow of milk, 
 either in a female who is suckling, or in one who 
 is liuu. It may occur without being provoked by 
 gackling. When to a great extent, it sometimes 
 eaases wasting ; Tabes lac' tea, T. nutri'cum. _ Dr. 
 
 Good uses Galac'tia, in his Nosology, for ' morbid 
 flow or deficiency of milk,' Galactacrati' a. 
 
 GALACTICUS, Lactic. 
 
 GALAGTIFER, Galactophorous. 
 
 GALACTINE, Casein. 
 
 GALACTINUS, Lactic. 
 
 GALACTIRRHCEA, Galactia. 
 
 GALACTIS, Galaxias. 
 
 GALACTIS'CHESIS, Galactos'cJiesis, Lactis 
 reten'tio, from ya'Xa, ' milk,' and lax^iv, ' to re- 
 strain.' Retention or suppression of milk. 
 
 GALACTITES, Galaxias. 
 
 GALACTO CATARACT A, Cataract, milky. 
 
 GALACTO'DES, from ya\a, 'milk,' and uSos, 
 'resemblance.' In Hippocrates, the term signifies 
 milkwarm, and likewise a milky colour, as of the 
 urine — uri'na galacto'des. 
 
 GALACTODI^'TA, Dia'ta lac'tea, from ya\a, 
 'milk,' and Siaira, 'diet.' A milk diet. 
 
 GALACTODIARRHCEA, Coeliac Flux. 
 
 GALACTOGANGLION, Milk knot. 
 
 GALACTOH^'MIA, Gal<icthcB'mia,from yaXa, 
 'milk,' and 'aijia, 'blood:' Lactis sanguinolen'ti 
 Excre'tio. The secretion of bloody or bloodlike 
 milk. 
 
 GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA, Mastody- 
 nia apostematosa. 
 
 GALACTOM'ETER, Lactom'eter, from yala, 
 ' milk,' and jitrpov, ' measure.' An instrument 
 for appreciating the quantity of cream in milk. 
 It is a kind of graduated separatory or <prortvett« 
 — the degrees on the scale indicating the thick- 
 ness of the layer of cream that foi-ms on the sur- 
 face of the milk. 
 
 GALACTON'CUS, Tumor lac'teus, from ya\a, 
 'milk,' and oyxos, 'a swelling.' A milk tumour. 
 
 GALACTOPH'AGOUS, Galactoph'agvs, Lac 
 tiv'orus, sometimes used substantively ; from 
 
GALACTOPHORA 
 
 395 
 
 GALEOPSIS 
 
 Ya\a, ' milk,' and (payn), ' I eat.' That whicli 1 
 feeds on milk. A name given to certain people, 
 with whom milk appears to constitute the chief 
 nourishment. 
 
 GALACTOPHORA, Galactopoietica. 
 
 GALACTOPH'OROUS, Galac'ti/er, Lae'tifer, 
 Lactiferous, from ya\a, ' milk,' and ipcpio, ' I 
 carry.' That which carries milk. 
 
 Galactoph'orous or Lactif'erous Ducts, 
 are those which convey the milk, secreted by the 
 mammary gland, towards the nipple, where their 
 external orifices are situate. The Lacteals have 
 also been so called. 
 
 GALACTOPH'ORUS. Some accoucheurs have 
 given this name to an instrument intended to fa- 
 cilitate sucking, when the faulty conformation of 
 the nipple prevents the child from laying hold 
 of it. 
 
 GALACTOPH'YGUS, from ya\a, ' milk,' and 
 (ptvyuv, 'to shun.' That which arrests or disperses 
 the secretion of milk. Hence Galactopli'yga 3Ie- 
 dicamen' ta. 
 
 GALACTOPLA'NIA, Metas'tasis seu Aherra'- 
 tio seu VicB extraorduia' rim lactis, Galactorrhce' a 
 erro'itea, from ya\a, * milk,' and t-Xoit/, ' wander- 
 ing.' Extravasation of milk into the areolar 
 membrane. Secretion of milk elsewhere than 
 from the breasts. 
 
 GALACTOPLERO'SIS, from ya\a, 'milk,' and 
 vXrjpwaig, 'repletion.' Redundance of milk. 
 
 GALACTOPOEA, Galactopoietica. 
 
 GALACTOPOESIS, Galactosis. 
 
 GALACTOPOIESIS, Galactosis. 
 
 GALACTOPOIET'ICA, Galactoph'ora, Galac- 
 tago'ga, Galactojooe' a, trovn ya\a, 'milk,' and ttoiew, 
 ' I make.' Substances, to which has been attri- 
 buted the property of favouring the secretion of 
 milk and augmenting its quantity. 
 
 GALACTOPO'SIA, from yaXa, 'milk,' and 
 irotrij, ' drink.' The drinking of milk. Treat- 
 ment of a disease by means of milk. 
 
 GALACTOP'OTES, Galactop'otus, Lacti'^^otor. 
 Same etymon. A drinker of milk. Oue sub- 
 jected to a milk diet. 
 
 GALACTOPYRA, Fever, milk. 
 
 GALACTOPYRETUS, Fever, milk. 
 
 GALACTORRHCEA, Galactia — g. Erronea, 
 Galactoplania — g. Saccharata, Saccharorrhoea 
 lactea. 
 
 GALACTOSACCHARUM, Saccharum lactis. 
 
 GALACTOSCHESIS, Galaetischesis. 
 
 GALACTO'SIS, Gdlaciopoie'sis, Galactopoe'- 
 818, Secre'tio lactis, from yaXaKroftai, ' I am 
 changed into milk.' The secretion or formation 
 of milk. 
 
 GALACTOT'ROPHE, Galactotroph'ia, from 
 yaXa, 'milk,' and Tpo<pri, 'nourishment.' Nou- 
 rishment by means of milk. 
 
 GALACTOZE'MTA, from ya\a, 'milk,' and 
 ^rijiia, ' loss.' Loss of milk. Also, Galactia. 
 
 GALACTU'CHOS, from yaU, 'milk/ and 
 e')(ttv, ' to have.' Suckling. Giving milk. 
 
 GALACTURIA, Chyluria. 
 
 GALANGA, Mai-anta galanga. 
 
 GALANGAL, Maranta galanga. 
 
 GALANGALE, Cyperus longus. 
 
 GALARHCEUS LATHYRIS, Euphorbia la- 
 thyris — g. Palustris, Euphorbia palustris. 
 
 GALARIPS, Allamanda. 
 
 GALAXIA, Thoracic duct. 
 
 GALAX'IAS, Galacti'tes, Galac'tis. A milk 
 stone. A stone supposed to be capable of pro- 
 moting the secretion of milk. 
 
 GALBANUM, see Bubon galbanum — g. Long- 
 leaved, Bubon galbanum. 
 
 GAL'BULUS, from galhus, 'yellow.' A kind 
 
 of congenital jaundice, in which the yellow colour 
 continues through life. It is rather a defect in 
 colour than a disease. — Vogel. 
 
 GALE, Myrica gale — g. Odorant, Myrica galo 
 — g. Sweet, Myrica gale. ^ 
 
 GALE, Psora — g. Canine, Psoriasis — -g. Epi- 
 demique, Eczema — g. Ililiaire, Psoriasis — g. 
 Seche, Lichen, Psoriasis. 
 
 GA'LEA. A helmet, from yaXr;, 'a cat;' of 
 the skin of which it was formerlj' made. A namo 
 given to the amnios, and, also, to the bandage o/ 
 Galen. In Pathology, it indicates a headach 
 affecting the whole head. See, also, Caul. 
 
 Galea Aponeurot'ica Cap'itis, Ga'lea ten- 
 din'ea Santori'ni, Ga'lea cap'itis, llembra'na 
 epicra'nia. The tendinous e:xpansion which 
 unites the frontal and occipital portions of the 
 occipito-frontalis muscle. 
 
 GALEAMAUROSIS, Amaurotic cat's eye. 
 
 GALEAN'CON, Galian'con, from yaXea, 'a 
 cat,' ' a weasel,' and ayKMV, ' an elbow.' Muste- 
 la'ncus. One who has two short arms. 
 
 GALEAN'THROPY, Galeanthro'pia, from 
 yaXr], 'a cat,' and av5pti)-os, 'a man.' A variety 
 of melancholy in which the patient believes him- 
 self changed into a cat. An affection similar to 
 lycanthropy and cynanthropy. 
 
 GALE'GA, G. officina'lis seu vnlga'rts seu Per'- 
 sica, Ruta capra'ria, Goat's Rue, (F.) Rue d« 
 chevre, Faux Indigo. It is slightly aromatic, 
 and was once used as a sudorific and alexiterial 
 in malignant fevers, &c. 
 
 Galega Persica, Galega. 
 
 Galega Virginia'na, Tephro'sia Virginia'na, 
 Turkey Pea, Hoary Pea, Devil's shoestrings, Vir- 
 ginia Goat's rue or cat-gut, is used in some parts 
 of the United States as an anthelmintic. The 
 de-coction of the root is given. 
 
 Galega Vulgaris, Galega. 
 
 GALENE, Graphites. 
 
 GALENEA, Graphites. 
 
 GALEN'IC,'' Galen'ical,- Gnlen'ictis, Gale'nins, 
 from Galenus. That which relates to the doctrina 
 of Galen or to Galenism. Used, substantively, foi 
 drugs that are not chymical. 
 
 Galenic Medicine, Galenism. 
 
 GA'LENISM, Galen'ic med'icine. The doc- 
 trine of Galen. 
 
 GA'LENIST, Galenis'ta, Galenis'tes. A fol 
 lower of the doctrine of Galen. 
 
 GALENIUS, Galenic. 
 
 GALEOBDOLON, Galeopsis. 
 
 GALEOPDOLON, Galeopsis. 
 
 GALEOPSIS, Lamium album. 
 
 Galeop'sis, Galiop' sis, Galeoh' dolon, Galeop'- 
 dolon, La'mium rtthrum, Vrti'ca iners magna fce- 
 tidis'sima, Stachys foe'tida, Hedge nettle, (F.) 
 Ortie morte des hois. This plant was formerly 
 reckoned a vulnerary and anodjme. 
 
 Galeopsis Angustifolia, G. grandiflora — g, 
 Dubia, G. grandifl:ora. 
 
 Galeop'sis Grandtflo'ra, G. Ochroleu'ca seu 
 la'danum seu angustifo'lia seu du'hia seu pros- 
 tra'ta seu villo'sa, Tetrahit longijlo' rum, G, 
 Seg"etum, Herha Sideri'tidis. This plant is re- 
 garded in Germany as a bitter resolvent. It is 
 the basis, also, of a celebrated nostrum, the Blaih- 
 kenheimer Tea, called, likewise, Lieher's 2'>ectoral 
 and phthisical herbs (Liebersche Brust 
 Oder Ausz ehrungs-Krauter,) which has 
 enjoyed great repute in pectoral complaints. 
 The tops of the plant are given in decoction, 
 (^j, boiled in a pint of water for a quarter of an 
 hour.) This quantity to be taken in a day. 
 
 Galeopsis Ladanum, G. grandiflora — _^.Ochro- 
 leuca, G. grandiflora — g. Prostrata, G. grandiflora 
 — g. Segetum, G. grandiflora. 
 
GALEROPIA 
 
 GANGLIFORM 
 
 Gaxeop'sis Versic'olor, is possessed of the 
 game virtues. 
 
 Galkopsis Yixlosa, G. grandiflora. 
 
 GALEROPIA, Oxyopia. 
 
 GA'LIA. An ancient composition, in whicli 
 galls were an ingredient ; the Galia pitra. There 
 was, also, a Galia aromat'ica, moscha'ta vel mus- 
 ca'ta, which consisted of a mixture of several 
 perfumes, such as musk. 
 
 GALIAXCOX, Galeancon. 
 
 GALIOPSIS, Galeopsis. 
 
 GALIP^A FEBRIFUGA, Cusparia febrifuga 
 — g. Officinalis, see Cusparia febrifuga. 
 
 GALIPOT, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 GA'LIUM, Gal'lium, (from ya^a, 'milk,' be- 
 cause some species curdle milk.) G. verum. 
 
 Galicii Album, G. Mollugo. 
 
 Ga'licm Apahi'ne, G. infest'utn sen aparinoV- 
 des seu hrachycarp' on seu scaber'rimuvi, Valan'tia 
 apari'rie, Apari'iie his'pida, Aparine, Lajypa, 
 Philanthro' pjus, Ampelocar'pue, Omphalocar'jma, 
 Ixus, A^phari'ne, Asper'ula, Goose-r/rass, Clea- 
 ver's hees, Cleavers, Goose-share, Hayriff. Fa- 
 mily, Piubiacese. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogy- 
 nia. (F.) Gaillet accrochant, G. crochanf, Grat- 
 teron. The expressed juice has been given as 
 an aperient diuretic in incipient dropsies ; also, 
 in cancer. 
 
 Galium Aparan'oides, G. aparine. 
 
 Ga'lium Asprellum, Rough bed-straw. Rough 
 ladies' bed-straw : indigenous ; has the diuretic 
 properties of most of its genus. 
 
 Galium Brachycarpon, G. aparine — g. Cau- 
 casicum, G. verum. 
 
 Galium CiRCic'zAXS, Wild Liquorice, blaster 
 of the Woods. An indigenous plant, which flow- 
 ers from June to August. It is demulcent and 
 diuretic, and is a pojjular domestic remedy. 
 
 Galium Ixfeste, G. aparine — g. Luteum, G. 
 verum. 
 
 Galium Mollu'go, Galium album seu Tyro- 
 Icn'se, Greater ladies' bed-straw, Alys'sum Plin'ii, 
 (F.) Caillelait blanc. The herb and flowers have 
 been used, medicinally, in epilepsy. 
 
 Galium Odoratum, Asperula odorata — g. Sca- 
 berrimum, G. aparine. 
 
 Ga'lium Tixcto'rum, an American species, 
 closely allied in properties to G. verum. 
 
 Galium Tyrolexsb, G. mollugo — g. Tubercu- 
 latum, g. Verum. 
 
 Ga'lium Verum, Ga'lium, G. lu'teum seu Cau- 
 ca'sicum seu tuber cula'tura, Ladies' hed-straw. 
 Cheese-rennet, Bed,-straw, Cleaveicort, Goose- 
 grass, Savoyan, Clabber-grass, Milhsweet, Poor 
 Robin, Gravel-grass, (F.) Gaillet jaune, G. vrai, 
 Vrai Caillelait. The tops were used in the cure 
 of epilepsy. The leaves and flowers possess the 
 property of curdling milk. 
 
 GALL, Bile, see Eczema impetiginodes, 
 Quercus infectoria, and Vitrum — g. of the earth, 
 Prenanthes — g. Xut, see Quercus infectoria — g. 
 of the Ox, see Bile — g. Sickness, Fever, Walche- 
 ren — g. Turkey, see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 GALL-BLADDER, Vesic'ida fellis, Ohol'e- 
 cysf, Cholecys'tis, Follic'ulus fellis, Cystis fel'lea, 
 Vesi'ca fellea, Vesic'ula bilis. Vesi'ca bilia'ria, 
 Follic'ulus fel'leuH, Cystis choled'ochus, (F.) Ve- 
 eieide du fiel ou Vesicide biliaire. Reservoir de la 
 bile. A membranous, pyriform reservoir, lodged 
 in a superficial depression at the inferior surface 
 of the right lobe of the liver. It receives, by the 
 hepatic and cystic ducts, a portion of the bile 
 secreted by the liver, when the stomach is empty, 
 which becomes in it more acrid, bitter, and thick. 
 It receives an artery, called the cystic. Its veins 
 empty into the vena porta. Its nerves come from 
 the hepatic plexus, and its lymphatic vessels join 
 thoso of the liver. 
 
 GALL A, see Quercus infectoria — g. Maxima 
 Orbiculata,, see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 GALL^ QUERCUS, see Quercus infectoria — 
 g. TinctoriK, see Quercus infectoria — g. Turcicse, 
 see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 GALLATURA, Molecule. 
 
 GALLI GALLIXACEI CAPUT, Gallinaginis 
 caput. 
 
 GALLI]!irAG"I]!inS CAPUT, Galli gallina'cr,{ 
 Caput, Caput gallina' ceum, Verumonta' num. 
 Crista urethra'lis, Crete urethrale, — (Ch.,) from 
 Gallinago, 'a woodcock.' An oblong, rounded 
 projection, formed by the mucous membrane in 
 the spongy portion of the urethra, at the sides 
 of which the ejaculatory ducts open. 
 
 GAL'LIPOT. Perhaps from gala, ' finery.' (?) 
 A pot painted and glazed or merely glazed, and 
 commonly used to hold medicines. 
 
 GALLITRICHUM, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 GALLIUM, Galium. 
 
 GALLSTONES, CalcuU, biUary. 
 
 GALLUS, Eunuch. 
 
 GALREDA, Gelatin. 
 
 GAL VAXISATIOaY, Galvanization. 
 
 GAL'VANISM, Galvanis'mus, Flectric"ita» 
 anima'lis, E. Galvan'ica vel metal'lica, Irrita- 
 men'tum metallo'rum vel mefa.l'licnm, Yol'taiem, 
 Volta'ie or Chemical or Conta.et Electricity. A 
 series of phenomena, consisting in sensible move- 
 ments, executed by animal parts, which are en- 
 dowed with irritability, when placed in connex- 
 ion with two metallic plates of different nature, 
 between which a communication is established 
 by direct contact or by means of a metallic wire. 
 Galvanism has been employed medicinally in the 
 same cases as electricity, and especially in neu- 
 ralgic affections. It is often applied in the form 
 of plates, — " Hansford's pjla.tes." In asthma, for 
 example, a small blister, the size of a dollar, may 
 be placed on the neck over the course of the 
 phrenic and pneumogastric nerves, and another 
 on the side, in the region of the diaphragm. One 
 metal is placed mediately or immediately over the 
 vesicated surface on the neck, and another ovtr 
 that in the side. They are then connected by 
 means of a wire. The new nervous impression, 
 in this way induced, is often signally beneficial. 
 
 GALVAXIZATIOX, Gahanisa'tio, (F.) Gal- 
 vanisation. The act of affecting with galvanism. 
 
 GALVANOPUNCTURE, Electropuncture. 
 
 GAMBA, Patella. 
 
 GAMBARUS, Crab. 
 
 GAMBIER, see Nauclea gambLr. 
 
 GAMBOGIA, Cambogia. 
 
 GAMMARUS, Crab. 
 
 GAM'MATA FERRAMEX'TA. Cauteries, 
 having the shape of the Greek letter T; whicli 
 were used for cauterizing hernias. 
 
 GAMMAUT. The Italians, according to Scul- 
 tetus, gave this name to a kind of crooked bis- 
 touri, used for opening abscesses. 
 
 GAMMISMUS, Psammismus. 
 
 GAMPHE, Gena. 
 
 GAMPHELE, Gena, Maxillai-y Bone. 
 
 GANGAME, Epiploon. 
 
 GAXGAMUM, Epiploon. 
 
 GANGLIA CEREBRI POSTICA, Thalami 
 nervorum opticorum — g. Formative, see G.Tnglion 
 
 — g. Hemispherical, Hemispheres of the brain 
 
 — g. of Increase, see Ganglion — g. Nervorum, 
 Gang-lions, nervous, see Ganglion — g. Sensory, 
 see Sensory ganglia. 
 
 GANGLIAR. Ganglionic. 
 
 GANG'LIFORM, Gang'lioform, Ganglifor'mit. 
 Having the shape of a ganglion. A name geno- 
 rally given to a knot-like enlargement, in the 
 course of a nerve. 
 
GAXGLIOLUM 
 
 GrAI^GLIOLUM, Diminutive of ganglion. A 
 small ganglion. 
 
 GANG'LION, Ganrj'Unm, ' a knot' A name 
 given to organs differing considerably from each 
 other in size, colour, texture, functions, &c. 
 They are divided into glandiform, lymphatic, 
 and nervous. 1. Glandiform (janglions, called 
 also adenoid, vascular, and sanguineous gang- 
 lions, blind, aporic, and vascular glands, glandu- 
 hg spuricB, &c., are organs of whose functions ive 
 are, in general, ignorant; and which have the 
 appearance of glands. They are formed of ag- 
 glomerated globules, pervaded by blood-vessels, 
 surrounded by areolar membrane, and contain a 
 milky or yellowish fluid. To this class belong the 
 spleen, thymus, thyroid, and supra- renal glands. 
 2. Lymphnt'ic ganglions. See Conglobate. Z. Ner- 
 vous ganglions, Ganglia seu Nodi sen Nod'uli 
 Nervo'rum, Ganglio'ncs, Tumo'res seu Plexus 
 goMglioform' es, Plexus glandifor'mes, Tuher'cula 
 nodo'sa Nervo'rum. Divertic'ida sinrituum ani- 
 ma'lium, Ganglia of increase, Form'ative gang'liu. 
 Enlargements or knots in the course of a nerve. 
 They belong, in general, to the sj^stem of the 
 great sympathetic. One exists on the posterior 
 root of every spinal nerve, and on one cerebral, — 
 the 5th. Bichat regarded them as so many small 
 brains, or centres of nervous action, independent 
 of the encephalon, and intended exclusively for 
 organic life. Being formed by the union of the 
 cerebral and spinal nerves, they may send out 
 the influence of both these nervous centres to the 
 parts to which the nerves proceeding from them 
 are distributed. Ganglia are chiefly composed of 
 vesicular neurine ; and appear to be concerned 
 ia the formation and dispensation of nerve power. 
 
 Ganglion. Same etymon. Emphy'ma encys'- 
 tiJi ganglion. A globular, hard, indolent tumour, 
 without change in the colour of the skin ,• of a 
 size varying from that of a pea, to that of an egg, 
 and always situate in the course of a tendon. 
 The tumour is formed of a viscid, albuminous 
 fluid, contained in a cyst of greater or less thick- 
 ness. The cyst is sometimes loose ; but in the 
 majority of cases it communicates, by a narrow 
 footstalk, with the sheath of a tendon, or even 
 with the synovial capsule of a neighbouring arti- 
 culation. The causes are generally unknown. 
 The treatment consists in compression, percussion, 
 the use of discutients, extirpation, or incision. 
 
 Ganglion Abdominale, G. semilunar — g. Ade- 
 noid, G. glandiform — g. of Andersch, Petrous 
 ganglion — g. Annular, see Ciliary ligament — g, 
 of Arnold, Oticum ganglion — g. Auricular, Oti- 
 cum G. — g. Azygous, see Trisplanchnic nerve — 
 g. Cardiac, Cardiac ganglion — g. Carotic or Ca- 
 rotid, see Carotid or Carotic nerve — g. Caver- 
 nous, see Carotid or Carotic nerve — g. Cercbelli, 
 Corpus dentatum— g. Cerebral, anterior. Corpora 
 striata — g. Cerebri Anterius, Corpora striata — 
 g. Cerebral inferieur, grand, Thalami nervorum 
 optieornm — g. Cerebral, posterior, Thalami ner- 
 vorum opticorum — g. du Cervelet, Corpus denta- 
 tum — g. Ciliare, Corpus dentatum — g. Ciliary, 
 Ophthalmic ganglion — g. Corpuscles, see Neu- 
 rine. 
 
 Ganglion of Ehrenritteb, Ganglion nervi 
 glosso-pharynge' i sujye'rius, G. jugula're supe'rius, 
 G. Ehrenritteri seu Mulleri. A reddish-gray mass 
 on the glosso-pharyngeal nerve in the foramen 
 lacerum, above the ganglion of Andersch. 
 
 Ganglion op Gasser, Gan'glium seu Gan'- 
 glion Gasseri, 3Ioles gangliform'is, Intnmesceii'- 
 tia- gangliform'is sqvl semiluna'ris, Tce'nia nervo'- 
 »a Halleri. A semicircular knot on the 5th pair 
 of nerves, before its division into three branches. 
 
 Ganglion, Glandiform, see Ganglion — g. 
 Globules, see Neurine — Impar, see Trisplanchnic 
 
 397 GAJSTGKENE 
 
 nerve — g. Jugulare superius, G. of Ehrenritter — g. 
 Laiteitx, Milk-knot — g. of Laumonier, see Carotid 
 or Carotic nerve — g. Lenticular, G. ophthalmic — 
 g. Lymphatic, Conglobate gland — g. Maxillo- 
 tympanique, Oticum G. — g. of Meckel, Spheno- 
 palatine G. — g. Mulleri, G. of Ehrenritter — g. 
 Nasopalatine, see Nasopalatine ganglion — g. 
 Nervi glosso-pharyngei superius, G. of Ehrenrit- 
 ter — g. Ophthalmic, see Ophthalmic ganglion — 
 g. Optic, Quadrigemina tubercula — g. Orbitar, G. 
 ophthalmic — g. Oticum, Oticum G. — g. Petrosal, 
 see Petrous ganglion. 
 
 Ganglion of the Pneumogas'tric. A gan- 
 glionic structure in the pneumogastric as it passes 
 through the foramen lacerum posterius. 
 
 Ganglion of Ribes. A nervous ganglion upon 
 the anterior communicating artery of the brain, 
 and to be found at the point of junction of the 
 right and left trunks of the sympathetic. 
 
 Ganglion, Sanguineous, G. glandiform — g. 
 Sensory, see Sensory ganglia — g. Solare, G. 
 semilunare — g. Sphenoidal, Sphenopalatine gan- 
 glion — g. Splanchnicum, G. semilunare — g. Su- 
 perieur du cerveau (grand,) Corpora striata — g. 
 of the Superior Laryngeal Branch, see Pneumo- 
 gastric nerves — g. SUrrenal, G. semilunare — g. 
 Thyroid, see Trisplanchnic nerve — g. Transver- 
 sum, G. semilunare — g. Vascular, G. glandiform 
 — g. Vertebral, see Trisplanchnic nerve — g. d-e 
 Vieussens, Coeliac plexus. 
 GANGLIONARY, Ganglionic. 
 GANGLIONES GANGLIOFOEMES, Gan- 
 glions, nervous. 
 
 GANGLION'IC, Ganglion' icus, Gan'glionary, 
 Gan'gliar. Relating to ganglia. Nerves are so 
 called in the course of which ganglions are met 
 with ; as the greater part of the branches of the 
 great sympathetic or trisplanchnic, the posterior 
 roots of the spinal nerves, &c. Ganglionics, ac- 
 cording to Dr. Pereira, are agents, which affect 
 the ganglionic or great sympathetic system of 
 nerves,(?) — as stimulants and sedatives. 
 
 Ganglionic Nerve, Trisplanchnic nerve — g. 
 Nervous System, see Trisplanchnic nerve. 
 
 GANGLIONI'TIS, Ganglii'tis, from yayy\iov, 
 ' a ganglion,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of a nervous ganglion. Sometimes 
 used for inflammation of a lymphatic ganglion. 
 
 Ganglionitis Peripherica et Medullaris, 
 Cholera. 
 
 GANGLITJM, Ganglion — g. Gasseri, Ganglion 
 of Gasser. 
 
 GANGRiE'NA ALOPECIA, Alopecia— g. Ca- 
 ries, Caries — g. Nosocomiorum, Hospital gangrene 
 — g. Oris, Cancer aquaticus — g. Ossis, Spina ven- 
 tosa — g. Ossium, Caries — g. Pottii, see Gangrene, 
 and Gangrene of old people — g. Pulmonum, 
 Necropneumonia — g. Senilis, Gangrene of old 
 people — g. Sphacelus, Sphacelus — g. Tonsilla- 
 rum, Cynanche maligna — g. Ustilaginea, Ergo- 
 tism — 2. VaginPD, Colpoeace. 
 
 GANGR^NESCENTIA, Gangrsenosis. 
 GANGRiENICUS, Gangrenous. 
 GANGR^NODES, Gangrenous. 
 GANGR^NOPS'IS, Cancer aquaticus; also, 
 gangrenous inflammation of the eyelids, Blepjlia 
 ri'tis gangrwno'sa. — Siebenhaar. 
 
 GANGR^NO'SIS, Gan green escen'tia, from 
 yayypaiva, ' gangrene.' The state of being gan- 
 grenous or of becoming gangrenous. 
 GANGRiENOSUS, Gangrenous. 
 GANGRENE, Gangra'na, Gancre' na. Hot mor- 
 tifieation, (F.) Gangrene, G. Chaude, Asphyxied^t 
 parties. Privation of life or partial death of an 
 organ. Authors have generally distinguislied 
 mortification into two stages: naming the lir>it 
 incipient or gangrene. It is attended with a sud- 
 den diiainution of feeling in the part affected r 
 
GANGRENE 
 
 398 
 
 GAS 
 
 livid discoloration ; detachment of the cuticle, 
 under which a turbid fluid is effused ; with crepi- 
 tation, owing to the disengagement of air into 
 the areolar texture. When the part has become 
 quite black, and incapable of all feeling, circula- 
 tion, and life, it constitutes the second stage, or 
 mortif cation, and is called spAac"e^!(s. Gangrene, 
 however, is frequently used synonymously with 
 ■ mortification, — local asphyxia being the term 
 employed for that condition, in which the parts 
 are in a state of suspended animation, and, con- 
 sequently, susceptible of resuscitation. When the 
 part is filled with fluid entering into putrefaction, 
 the affection is called humid gangrene, (F.) Gan- 
 grene humide: on the other hand, when it is dry 
 and shrivelled, it constitutes dry gangrene; (F.) 
 Gangrene seche. To this class belongs the gan- 
 grcB'na sent' Us, G. Pot'tii, Preshyos2ihoc"elue, or 
 spontaneous gangrene of old people, which rarely 
 admits of cure. Whatever may be the kind of 
 gangrene, it may be caused by violent inflamma- 
 tion, contusion, a burn, congelation, the ligature 
 of a large arterial trunk, or by some internal 
 cause inappreciable to us. 
 
 The treatment, both of external and internal 
 gangrene, varies according to the causes which 
 produce it. Gangrene from excessive inflamma- 
 tion is obviated by antiphlogistics ; and that from 
 intense cold by cautiously restoring the circula- 
 tion by cold frictions, <fee. When the gangrene 
 has become developed, the separation of the 
 eschars must be encouraged by emollient appli- 
 cations, if there be considerable reaction ; or by 
 tonics and stimulants, if the reaction be insufii- 
 cient. 
 
 Gangrene, Hospital, see Hospital, Gangrene 
 — g. of the Lungs, Necropneumonia. 
 
 GANGRENE DE LA BOUCHE, Cancer 
 aquaticus — g. Chaude, Gangrene — g. Froide 
 Sphacelus — g. Humide, see Gangrene — g. Seche, 
 see Gangrene — g. Hojntal, Hospital gangrene — 
 g. du Poumon, Necropneumonia — g. dea Solonois, 
 Ergotism. 
 
 GAN'GRENOUS, Gangrm' nicuSfGangrceno' sus, 
 GangrcBno'des. Affected with or relating to gan- 
 grene. 
 
 GANJAH, Gunjah. 
 
 GANTELET (F.), CMrothe'ca, Fas'cia digi- 
 ta'lis. Gauntlet; from (F.) gant, 'a, glove.' A 
 sort of bandage which envelops the hand and 
 fingers, like a glove. It is made with a long 
 roller, about an inch broad ; and is applied so 
 that the fingers are covered to their tips, when 
 it is called Gantelet entier ou complet. The Demi- 
 gantelet includes only the hand and base of the 
 fingers. Both bandages are used in fractures and 
 luxations of the fingers, burns of the hand, Ac. 
 See Chirotheca. 
 
 GANTS BBS I)A2IES, Condom—^, de Notre 
 Dame, Digitalis. 
 
 GAPING. Yawning. 
 
 GARANCE, Rubia. 
 
 GARCIN'IA CAMBO'GIA, G.gutta,Camhogia 
 gutta, Mangosfa'na Cambogia. A tree of Ceylon, 
 Family Guttiferse, which affords a concrete juice 
 Bimilar to Gamboge. 
 
 Garcinia Gdtta, G. Cambogia. 
 
 Garcin'ia Mangosta'na, Mangosta'na Gar- 
 cin'ia. The systematic name of the Mangos'tan 
 or Mangons'tan tree, Mangosta'na. It grows in 
 great abundance in Java and the Molucca islands. 
 The fruit, which is about the size of an orange, is 
 delicious, and is eaten in almost every disorder. 
 The drie'J bark is used medicinally in dysentery 
 and t-enesmus ; and a strong decoction has been 
 inacb esteemed in ulcerated sore throat. 
 
 GARDE-MALADE, Nurse. 
 
 GAEDEROBE, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 GARDEROBES, Faeces. 
 
 GARDINER'S ALIMENTARY PREPABA- 
 TION, see Oryza. 
 
 GARDOUCHES, Vesiculse seminales. 
 
 GARETUM, Poples. 
 
 GARGALISMUS, Gargalus. 
 
 GAR'GALUS, Gar'gale, Gargalis'mus, Titil- 
 la'tio, Irrita'tio, Pruri'tus. Titillation, irrita- 
 tion, itching. Also, masturbation ; and, rarely, 
 animal magnetism. 
 
 GARGAREON, Uvula. 
 
 GARGARISATIO, Gargarism. 
 
 GAR'GARISM, Gargaris'mus, Gargaris'mn, 
 Anagargalic'ton, Gargaris'mum., Collu'tio, Ein- 
 clys'ma, Anagargaris' ton, Anagargarism'us, Ana- 
 eonehylis'mns, Anaconchylias'mus, Titillamen'tiim, 
 from yapyapi^to, '1 wash the mouth.' A gargle. 
 Any liquid medicine, intended to be retained in 
 the mouth, for a certain time, and to be thrown 
 in contact with the uvula, velum pendulum, ton- 
 sils, &c. For this purpose, the liquid is agitated 
 by the air issuing from the larynx, the head 
 being thrown back. Gargles are employed in 
 cynanche tonsillaris and other diseases of tli* 
 fauces, and are made of stimulants, sedatives, 
 astringents, refrigerants, Ac, according to cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 The process is termed gargling, gargarisa'tio. 
 
 The term collnto'rinm or collvtorium ori« is ge- 
 nerally restricted to a wash for the mouth. 
 
 GARGET, Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 GARGLE, Gargarism. 
 
 GARGLING, see Gargarism. 
 
 GARGOUILLEMENT, Borboryg-mus, Gur- 
 gling. See Rale muqueux. 
 
 GARLIC, Allium— g. Hedge, Alliaria. 
 
 GAROSMUM, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 GAROU BARK, Daphne gnidium. 
 
 GARRETUM, Poples. 
 
 GARROPHYLLUS, Eugenia caryophyllatA. 
 
 GARROT (F.), from garotter, 'to tie faai.' 
 A small cylinder of wood, used for tightening 
 the circular band, by which the arteries of a limb 
 are compressed, for the purpose of suspending 
 the flow of blood in cases of hemorrhage, aneU- 
 rism, amputation, &c. 
 
 GARROTILLO, Cynanche maligna. 
 
 GARRULITAS, Loquacity. 
 
 GARU'LEUM BIPINNA'TUM. A South Afri- 
 can plant, Nat. Ord. Compositse ; known under 
 the name Snakeroot, from its reputed effects as 
 an antidote to the bites of venomous serpents. 
 The root is a great favourite with the Boers in 
 chest diseases — as asthma — and in affections in 
 which a free secretion from the mucous membrane 
 of the bronchia is indicated. It has diaphoretic 
 properties, and acts as a diuretic in gout and 
 dropsy. It is given in decoction or tincture. Dr. 
 Pappe thinks the root ought to have a place in 
 the Materia Medica. 
 
 GARUM, yapov. The ancient Romans gave 
 this name to a kind of pickle made by collecting 
 the liquor which flowed from salted and half- 
 putrefied fish. It was used as a condiment. — The 
 Geoponics, Humelberg on Apieius, Martial, &c. 
 
 GAS, see Gaz — g. Ammoniacale, Ammonia. — 
 g. Animale sanguinis, G. sanguinis — g. Azoticiiin, 
 Azote — g. Azoticum oxygenatum. Nitrogen, g.n- 
 seous oxide of — g. Hepaticum, Hydrogen, sul- 
 phuretted — g. Hydrogenium sulphuretuni, Hy- 
 drogen, sulphuretted — g. Intoxicating, Nitro.c^'n. 
 gaseous oxide of — g. Laughing, Nitrogen, gaseous 
 oxide of — g. of the Lungs, Gas, pulmonary — g. 
 Nitrous, dephlogisticated, Nitrogen, gnseous oxide 
 of — g. Oxygenated muriatic acid. Chlorine — g. 
 Oxymuriatio acid, Chlorine — g. Palustre, Miasm, 
 
GASCARILLA 
 
 399 
 
 GASTRO-ARTHRITIS 
 
 marsh — g. Paradise, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of 
 — g. Sulphuris, Sulphurous acid. 
 
 GASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla. 
 
 GASTEIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Gasteiu or Gasteiner Wildbad is in the Noric 
 Alps, Austria. The waters are thermal. Temp. 
 106° to 118° Fah. They contain sulphate of 
 soda, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium, 
 carbonate of soda, carbonate of lime, magnesia, 
 manganese, iron, &c. 
 
 GASTER, yadTnp. The ^hdomen. At times, 
 but rarely, the uterus. Also, the stomach, in 
 particular ; Hence : 
 
 GASTERALGIA, Gastralgia. 
 
 GASTERANAX. A name given by Dolasus 
 to a hypothetical vital principle, corresponding 
 to the ArchaBus of Van Helmont, the seat of 
 ■which he placed in the lower belly. See Bithni- 
 
 GASTERANGEMPHRAXIS, Gasterangiem- 
 phraxis. 
 
 GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Gasterangem- 
 phrax'is, Gasteremphrax' is. Obstruction of the 
 pylorus, from yaarnp, ' stomach,' ay%w, ' I stran- 
 gle,' and cfi'ppa(!<rij>, ' I obstruct.' — Vogel. Also, 
 and properly, obstruction or congestion of the 
 vessels of the stomach. 
 
 GASTERASE, Pepsin. 
 
 GASTERASTHENI'A,/«nJec77'itasseu^Cori'ia 
 fieu Lax'itas ventric'vli / from yaarrip, 'stomach, 
 and anOzvzia, 'debility.' Debility of the stomach. 
 
 GASTERECHE'MA, Son'ilus stomach' reus ; 
 from yaarrip, ' the stomach,' and vx'^l"^! ' sound.' 
 Sound presumed to be heard on auscultating the- 
 region of the stomach. 
 
 GASTEREMPHRAXIS, Gasterangiem- 
 phraxis. 
 
 GASTERHYSTEROTOMY, Cesarean Section. 
 
 GASTR^'MIA; from yaarnp, 'the stomach,' 
 and 'aijia, ' blood.' Determination of blood to 
 the stomach. 
 
 GASTRALGIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 GASTRANEURYSMA, Gastrectasis. 
 
 GASTRATROPH'IA, from yaarnp, 'the stx)- 
 mach,' and arpoc^ia, ' wasting.' Atrophy of the 
 stomach. 
 
 GASTRECTASIS, Gastreeta'si'a, Gasfranev- 
 vys'ma, DllataHio ventric'uli : from yaarrjp, 'the 
 stomach,' and ektoo-is, ' dilatation.' Dilatation 
 of the stomach. 
 
 GASTRELCOBROSIS, Gastrobrosis ulcerosa. 
 
 GASTRELGO'SIS, Ulcera'tio seu Exulcera'tio 
 seu Ul'cera ventric'uli, from yaarr/p, 'the stomach,' 
 and 'eXKwaci, 'ulceration.' Ulceration of the sto- 
 mach. When accompanied with hectic, it con- 
 stitutes Gastrophthi'sis, Gastroph'tlioe. 
 
 .GASTRELYTROTOMIA, see Csesarean Sec- 
 tioQ. 
 
 GASTRENCEPHALO'MA, Gastromijelo'ma, 
 Gastromyclo' siSjGastroencephalo' sis ; from yaarrip, 
 'the stomach,' and tyKt<pa\oi, 'the brain.' En- 
 »-ephaloid of the stomach. 
 
 GASTRENCHYTA, Stomach pump. 
 
 GASTRENTERIC, Gastroenterieus. 
 
 GASTRENTERITIC, Gastroenteritic. 
 
 GASTRENTEROMALA'CIA, Gastrenteroma- 
 lax'is, from yaarrip, 'stomach,' cvrtpov, 'intestine,' 
 and jxa\aKia, ' softening.' Softening of the sto- 
 mach and intestines. 
 
 GASTREPATICUS, Gastrohepatic. 
 
 GASTREPATI'TIS, Inflamma'tio ventric'uli 
 et hep'atis; from yaarrjp, 'stomach,' and 'ri-rrap, 
 'liver.' Inflammation of the stomach and liver. 
 
 GASTREPIPLOICUS, Gastroepiploic. 
 
 GASTREREIHIS'IA; from ya<rr//p, 'sto- 
 
 mach,' and cpcdi^w, 'I irritate.' Irritation of tb« 
 stomach. 
 
 GASTRIC, Gas'tricus ,• from yaarrjp, 'the sto- 
 mach.' Belonging or relating to the stomach. 
 
 Gastric Ar'teries are three in number, Ar- 
 te'ria gastro-epiplo'ica dextra, A. gastro-epiploi'- 
 ca sinis'tra, and A. corona'ria ventri'cvli. 
 
 Gastric Juice, Succus gas'tricvs, Men'strumn 
 seu Fermentum Ventric'uli, (P.) Sue Gastrique, 
 Gastric Acid. A fluid, secreted from the mucous 
 membrane of the stomach. As met with, it is a 
 mixture of the fluids secreted by that organ with 
 those of the supra-diaphragmatic portion of the 
 alimentary canal. Owing to such admixture, the 
 most contrary properties have been assigned to 
 it. That such a fluid is secreted, which concurs 
 powerfully in digestion, is evident from many 
 considerations, and has been positively proved 
 by the author and numerous others. It was found 
 by him to contain, in man, chlorohydric and acetic 
 acids. The gastric fluid in cases of sudden death 
 sometimes corrodes and perforates the stomach : 
 giving rise to interesting questions in medical 
 jurisprudence. 
 
 Gastric Nerves. The two cords by which 
 the pneumogastric nerves terminate, and which 
 descend on the two surfaces of the stomach ; as 
 well as the filaments of the great sympathetic, 
 which accompany the gastric vessels. 
 
 Gastric Plexus, Plexus corona'riu« ventri'- 
 culi. A nervous net-work, formed by the solar 
 plexus. It accompanies the Arteria coronaria 
 ventriculi, and passes along the lesser curvature 
 of the stomach, to which it gives branches. 
 
 Gastric Veins follow the same distribution 
 as the arteries, and open into the Vena 2ioria ab- 
 dominis. 
 
 GAS'TRICISM, Gastricis'mus, from yaarrip, 
 ' the stomach.' A name by which is designated 
 the medical theory, that refers all, or almost all, 
 diseases to an accumulation of saburrse in the 
 digestive passages. 
 
 GASTKILOQUE, Engastrimyth. 
 
 GASTRILOQUIST, Engastrimyth. 
 
 GASTRILOQUUS, Engastrimyth. 
 
 GASTRIMARGUS, Glutton. 
 
 GASTRINUM, Potash. 
 
 CASTRISMUS, Gluttony, see Saburra. 
 
 GASTRIT'IC, Gastrit'icus ; same etymon aj! 
 the rest. Relating to gastritis. 
 
 GASTRI'TIS, from yaarrjp, 'the stomach,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Ventric'uli inflam- 
 ma'tio, Cauina gastritis, Empres'ma gastritis, Jn- 
 flamma'tio gastritis. Cardial' gia inflammato'ria, 
 Fehris stomach'ica inflammato'ria, Inflamma'tio 
 ventric'uli, I. stom'achi, Phleg'mone ventric'uli. 
 Inflammation of the stomach, (F.) Inflammation 
 de V Estomac, Gastrite, Catarrhe gastrique. A 
 disease, characterized by pyrexia; great anxiety ; 
 heat and pain in the epigastrium, increased by 
 taking any thing into the stomach ; vomiting 
 and hiccup. Gastritis may either be seated in 
 the peritoneal or mucous coat. It is most fre- 
 quently in the latter — Esogastri'tis, Endogastri'- 
 tis, Gastromy coder i'tis, — being excited directly 
 by acrid ingesta. It requires the most active 
 treatment; — bleeding, blistering, fomentations, 
 diluents, &e. Some degree of inflammation of 
 the mucous coat of the stomach was considered by 
 the followers of Broussais to be present in almoKt 
 all fevers; and the various forms of dyspepsia 
 have been supposed by some to be nothing mor*) 
 than chronic endogastri'tis. 
 
 Gastritis Arthritica, Creliagra. 
 
 GASTRO-ARTHRITIS, Gout— g. Ataxia. 
 Dyspepsia — g. Atonia, Dyspepsia — g. Bronchitis, 
 Fever, adenomeningeal — g, Enterite intense ?.y» 
 
GASTROBROSTS 
 
 400 
 
 GASTROPERIODTNIA 
 
 noeha — g. Enterite, with nervoui affection of the 
 brain, see Typhus — g. Enteritis, follicular, Dothi- 
 nenteritis ; see Typhus. 
 
 GASTROBRO'SIS, Perfora'tio ventric'uU, 
 Gastrorrhex'is, (F.) Perforation de I'Estomac ; 
 from yaurrip, ' the stomach,' and ^pwa-is, ' the act 
 of gnawing.' Corrosion and perforation of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gastrobro'sts Ulcero'sa, Gastreleohro'eis. 
 Destruction and perforation of the coats of the 
 stomach by ulceration. 
 
 GASTROCE'LE, from yaarvp, ' the belly,' and 
 Kz\ri, ' a tumour.' Hernia of the stomach, Hernia 
 ■vvntric'uli, (F.) Hernie de I'Estomac. Hernia, 
 formed by the stomach through the upper part 
 of the linea alba: a disease, the existence of 
 which has been doubted by many. See Epigas- 
 troe'ele. 
 
 GASTRO-CEPHALI'TIS; from yaarvp, 'the 
 stomach,' Ki<j>a\ri, ' nead,' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the stomach and 
 head, — a not uncommon concomitant of certain 
 malignant fevers. 
 
 GASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever, gastric. 
 
 GASTROCNEME, Sura. 
 
 GASTROCNEMIA, Sura, 
 
 GASTROCNE'MII, from yaaT,,p, 'the belly,' 
 and Kvyinn, ' the leg.' The name of the two fleshy 
 masses which occupy the posterior and superficial 
 part of the leg, Gemelli ; (F.) Gastrocnemiens, Ju- 
 meaux de la jamhe, Bifemoro-calcaniens — (Ch. :) 
 the two constituting the Gaatroene'mius exter'nus, 
 of English anatomists. These muscles are dis- 
 tinguished into internal and external, which are 
 distinct above, but united at their inferior ex- 
 tremity. They are long, flat, and thick ; and 
 arise — the former from the posterior part of the 
 outer condyle of the femur ; the latter, from the 
 posterior part of the inner condj'le of the same 
 bone. The aponeurosis, which unites these 
 muscles below, joins with that of the Solaris, and 
 forms with it, a large tendon, which, under the 
 name Tendo-Achillis, is inserted at the posterior 
 part of the calcaneum. These muscles extend 
 the foot on the leg, and the leg on the foot. They 
 can, also, bend the leg and the thigh reciprocally 
 on each other. For the Gastrocnemius internua, 
 see Soleus. 
 
 GASTROCNEMIUM, Sura. 
 
 GASTROC(ELIACUS, Coeliac. 
 
 GASTROCOELICUS, Coeliac 
 
 GASTROCOLIC, see Epiploon, gastrocolic. 
 
 GASTROCOLICA, Cardialgia. 
 
 GASTROCOLI'TIS, from yatTT>,p, 'stomach,' 
 and kmXov, 'colon.' Inflammation of the stomach 
 and colon. 
 
 GASTROCOLPOTOMIA, see Cesarean sec- 
 tion. 
 
 GASTRODID'YMUS, Did'ymns, Symphyo- 
 gaa'trivs, Psod'ymus ; from yaarrip, 'the belly,' 
 and ^liufiog, ' a twin.' A monstrosity in which 
 twins are united by the abdomen. 
 
 GASTRODUODE'NAL, Gastroduodena'lis ; 
 from yaarrip, ' stomach,' and duodenum. Relating 
 to the stomach and duodenum. 
 
 GASTRODUODENOPYRA, Fever, adeno- 
 meningeal. 
 
 GASTRODYNE, Cardialgia. 
 
 GASTRODYNIA, Cardialgia — g. Flatulenta, 
 Oolica flatulenta. 
 
 GASTROENTER'IC, Gaatroenfer'icus, Gas- 
 ireiiter'ic, Gastrenter'icua, from yatxTrtp, 'the sto- 
 mach,' and cvrcp'iv, ' intestine.' Relating to the 
 jicomach and inte tine. 
 
 GASTR OENTERITE, Gastroenteritis. 
 
 GASTROENTERIT'IC, Gastroenterit'icus, 
 
 Gastrenterit'ie, Gastrenterit'icvs ; same etymon 
 as the nest. Relating to gastroenteritis. 
 
 GASTROENTERI'TIS, Inflamnia'tio ventric'- 
 uU et Intestino'rum, (F.) Gastro-enterite, Gastro- 
 enter'ic disease, from yaarrjp, ' the stomach,' evrc- 
 pov, 'an intestine,' and itis, a suffix denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the stomach and 
 small intestine. According to Broussais, the 
 essential fevers of authors are gastro-enteritis, 
 simple, or complicated. 
 
 GASTROEPIP'LOIC, Gastro-epiplo'icus, Gus- 
 trejyiplo'icus, from yaarrip, 'the stomach,' and 
 t-KiirXoov, 'the epiploon.' That which relates to 
 the stomach and epiploon. 
 
 Gasteoepiploic Arteries, or Gastric inferior, 
 are two in number, and distinguished into riyht 
 and left. The right, also called Gastro-hepatic, 
 Gas'trica inferior dextra, Gustro-epi2)lo' ica dex- 
 tra, is furnished by the hepatic artery. It de- 
 scends behind the pylorus, and passes from right 
 to left, along the great curvature of the stomach. 
 It gives branches to the pancreas, duodenum, 
 stomach, omentum majus, and terminates by an- 
 astomosing with the Gastro-epiplo'ica sinis'tra, 
 Gas'trica sinis'tra, Gas'trica infe'rior sinis'tra. 
 This — the left — arises from the splenic artery. 
 It is of considerable magnitude, and passes from 
 left to right, along the great curvature of the 
 stomach, distributing its branches more particu- 
 larly to the stomach and omentum majus. It 
 terminates by joining the right gastro-epiploie. 
 
 Gastroepiploic Ganglions are the lymphatic 
 ganglions or glands, situate towards the great 
 curvature of the stomach, between the two ante- 
 rior laminse of the omentum majus. 
 
 Gastroepiploic Veins are distinguished, like 
 the arteries, into right and luft. They empty 
 themselves ; — the former, into the superior me- 
 senteric : the latter, into the splenic vein. 
 
 GASTROHyEMORRIIAGIA, Hajmatemesis. 
 
 GASTROHEPAT'IC, Gastro-hejMt'icvs, Hep'- 
 at.o-gas' trials. Gnstrepjat' lens ; from yaarrip, 'the 
 stomach,' and 'v-ap, ' the liver.' Relating to 
 the stomach and liver. This name has been 
 given to several organs. See Epiploon, gastro- 
 hepatic, <fcc. 
 
 GASTROHYSTEROTOMY, Ctesarean section. 
 
 GASTROLIENALIS, G astrosplenieus. 
 
 GASTROLITHI'ASIS, from yaarrjp, 'the sto. 
 mach,' and Xtdiaaig, 'formation of stone.' The 
 formation of concretions, gastroV ithi , in the sto- 
 mach. 
 
 GASTROMALACIA, Gastromalaxia. 
 
 GASTROMALAX'IA, Gastro-mala'cia, Gas, 
 tromalaco' sis, Malacogas'ter, JIalax'is ventric'ulh, 
 Dissolu'tio ventric'uU, EmolliVio ventric'vli, 
 Pseudophlogo'sis ventric'uU resohiti'va et coUi-^ 
 quati'va, Metamorpho'sis ventric'uU gclatinifor'- 
 mis, Ero'sio et perfora' tio sponta'nea ventric'uU, 
 Resolu'tio et diahro'sis ventric'vli, (F.)PamolUsae- 
 ment de I'Estomac, from yaarrip, 'the stomach.' 
 and fioKa^ii, ' softening.' Softening of the sto- 
 mach, induced at times by the gastric secretions 
 after death, — Resolu'tio rentric'nli autopeptica. 
 
 GASTROMANTIS, Engastrimyth. 
 
 GASTROMETROTOMIA, Ca?sarean section. 
 
 GASTROMYCODERIS, see Stomach. 
 
 GASTR OMYCODERITIS, see Gastritis. 
 
 GASTROMYELOMA, Gastroencephaloma. 
 
 GASTRONOSUS, Gastropathia, 
 
 GASTROPARAL'YSIS,r/a«/rop?e'r/m,Pa)'nr- 
 yais ventric'uU ; from yaarijp, 'the stomach,' and 
 irapaXvaii. ' paralysis.' Paralysis of the stomach. 
 
 GASTROP'ATHY, Gastropnthi'a, Gnstron'- 
 oans, Gastronu'sua, from yaarrip, 'the stomach,' 
 and Tindos, 'disease.' Disease of the stomach. 
 
 GASTROPERIODYN'IA; Sool (lodia.) A 
 
GASTROPHRENIC 
 
 401 
 
 GELASINI 
 
 violent periodical neuralgic pain at the pit of the 
 stomach, not uncommon in Hindoostan. 
 
 GASTROPHREN'IC, Gastro-phren'icus, from 
 ycKTTnp, 'the stomach,' and (ppEvt;, ' the diaphragm.' 
 Belonging to the stomach and diaphragm. 
 
 G-ASTROPHRENic LiGAMENT is a reflection of the 
 peritoneum, which descends from the inferior sur- 
 fuee of the diaphragm to the cardia. 
 GASTROPHTHISIS, Gastrelcosis. • 
 GASTROPHTHOE, Gastrelcosis. 
 GASTROPLEGIA, Gastroparalysis. 
 GASTROR'APHY, Gastrorrha'phia, Gastror'- 
 rlaphe, Sutu'ra ahdomina'Us, from yaarrip, 'the 
 belly,' and paipv', ' a suture.' The suture used for 
 uniting wounds penetrating the abdomen, when 
 they are too extensive or too unequal to be kept 
 in contact by position, adhesive plaster, or ap- 
 propriate bandages. The interrupted and quilled 
 sutures are those chiefly employed. 
 GASTRORRHAGIA, Hajmatemesis. 
 GASTRORRHEXIS, Gastrobrosis. 
 GASTRORRHCE'A, from yatrrj;;), 'the stomach,' 
 and pEU, 'I flow.' Blennorrha:' a seu Flii.rus ven- 
 tiic'idi, (F.) Flux muqueux de I'enfomac, Catarrhe 
 stomacal. A morbid condition of the stomach, 
 which consists in the secretion of an excessive 
 qtiantity of mucus from the lining membrane of 
 the stomach. Also, Cceliac flux. 
 
 GASTROSCIR'RHUS, Indura'tio ventrtc'uli 
 gnirrho'sa, Scirrhim seu carcino'ma ventric'uli. 
 Scirrhous induration or cancer of the stomach. 
 GASTROSCOPIA, Abdominoseopia. 
 GASTRO'SIS. A generic name for diseases 
 which are seated in the stomach. — Alibert. 
 
 GASTROSPLE'NIC, Gastroeple'mcus, Gastro- 
 h'etia'lis, from yaarri^, 'stomach,' and airXriv, 'the 
 jipleen.' Relating to stomach and spleen. 
 
 GASTROSTBJSrOSIS, Stricture of the sto- 
 mach. 
 
 GASTRosTE^'osIS Cardi'aca et Ptlor'ica ; 
 from yaarrjp, 'the stomach,' aud otevoj, 'narrow.' 
 Narrowness of the cardiac and pyloric orifices of 
 the stomach from cancer of that organ. 
 
 GASTROT'OMY, from yaaTT,p, 'the belly,' and 
 To/iv, 'incision.' Several diflFerent operations 
 have been so called. 1. The Csesarean Section. 
 2. An incision made into the abdomen for the 
 purpose of removing some internal strangulation 
 or volvulus ; or to reduce hernia, Laparot'omi/ : 
 and, 3. The opening made in the stomach, to re- 
 move a foreign body which has passed into it 
 through the oesophagus. 
 
 GASTRYPERNEU'RIA, from yatrr^jp, 'sto- 
 mach,' 'virep, ' above,' and vevpov, ' a nerve.' Mor- 
 bidly increased activity of the nerves of the 
 stomach. 
 
 GATEAU FEBRILE, Ague cake. 
 GATTILIER, Vitex. 
 GAUDIA F(EDA, Masturbation. 
 GAULTHE'RIA, G. seu Gualthe'ria procum'- 
 lu'DS, Gautie'ra repens, Mountain Tea, Partridge 
 Berry, Berried Tea, GrouBeherry,Deerherry, Spice 
 Jf'rry, Tea herry.Red terry, Wintergreen,Red herry 
 7'f:a, Ground berry. Ground ivy. Ground holly. Hill 
 hprry. Box berry, Chequer berry. An American 
 plant, which is one of the principle articles of 
 the materia medica of some Indian tribes. The 
 infusion of the leaves is stimulant and anodyne, 
 and is said to have been used, with advantage, 
 in asthma. The oil — Oleum Gaultheriai, Ph. 
 F. S., — is used, chiefly on account of its pleasant 
 flavour, to cover the taste of other medicines. 
 GAUNTLET, Gantelet. 
 GAUQUAVA, Smilax Chiti. 
 GAUTIERA REPENS, Gaultheria. 
 26 
 
 GAT FEATHER, Liatris spicata. 
 
 GA YA 0, Gnaiacum. 
 _ GAYLUSSAC'IA RESINO'SA, Vaccin'iumre.. 
 sino'sum. Black Huckleberry. An indigenous 
 plant, whose fruit is sweet and agreeable. 
 
 GAZ, Gas, Air. Van Helmont first designated 
 by this name, — the etymology of which is un- 
 known, — the carbonic acid developed in the vi- 
 nous fermentation. Afterwards, the term was 
 appropriated to every permanently elastic fluid : 
 that is, which preserves its aeriform state at all 
 temperatures : and ultimately it was extended to 
 all aeriform bodies j — which were divided into 
 permanent and non-permaent gazes. The latter 
 are generally termed vapours : — they return to 
 the liquid state, when a portion of their caloric is 
 abstracted. The permanent gazes, or gazes pro- 
 perly so called, are numerous, and may be di- 
 vided into four sections with regard to their 
 efi'ects on the animal economy. 
 
 r Carbonic acid, ammoniacal 
 ! gaz, muriatic acid gaz, 
 deutoxide of azote, nitrous 
 acid gaz, and chlorine. 
 
 1. Irrcspirahle 
 
 gazes. 
 
 2. Negatively dele- 
 terious gazes. 
 
 3. Positively dele- 
 terious gazes. 
 
 Hydrogen, azote. 
 
 Oxygen, protoxide of azote, 
 carburetted hydrogen, car- 
 bonic oxide, sulphuretted 
 hydrogen, and arseniuret- 
 ted hydrogen. 
 
 It is proper to remark that the term respirable 
 has been very difi'erently employed by difierent 
 writers. Sometimes it has meant the power of 
 supporting life when applied to the blood in the 
 lungs. At others, all gazes have been deemed 
 irrespirable, which are incapable of being intro- 
 duced into the lungs by voluntary efforts, — with- 
 out any relation to their power of maintaining 
 vitality ; and this is perhaps the best sense. The 
 gazes were, at one time, employed in medicine, 
 under great expectations, — especially by the en- 
 thusiastic Beddoes; but they are now scarcely 
 ever had recourse to. They differ, considerably, 
 in their efi'ects on the animal economy. Some, 
 as oxygen, are exciting ; others, as azote, de- 
 pressing ; whilst others, again, as the Protoxide 
 of azote or laughing gas, produce the most sin- 
 gular effects. 
 
 Gaz, Pul'jionart, Gaz of the lungs. A name 
 given to the expired air; which contains — besides 
 common air, an increase of carbonic acid, water, 
 and some animal matter. 
 
 Gaz Sang'uinis, Gaz anima'le san'guinis, Haf- 
 itus san'guinis, Aura san'guinis, Hcemat'mus. 
 The halitus, or vapour, given off by freshly 
 drawn blood. 
 
 GAZELLE, Antilopus. 
 
 GEANT, Giant. 
 
 GEBARPULVEE, Ergot. 
 
 GEDE'OLA. The convex part of the liver.— 
 Du Cange. 
 
 GEILNAU, MINERAL "WATERS OF. Geil- 
 nau is a village in the grand duchy of Nassau, at 
 no great distance from Frankfort. The waters 
 contain carbonic acid, carbonate, sulphate, and 
 phosphate of soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate 
 of lime, magnesia, and iron. 
 
 GEISMAR, MINERAL "WATERS OF. Tho 
 mineral waters of Geismar, in Bavaria, are aci- 
 dulous chalybeates. 
 
 GEISUM, Geison. The part of the frontal 
 bone over the eyes. 
 
 GELAPPIUM, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 GELASINI DENTES, Incisive teeth 
 
GELASMUS 
 
 402 
 
 GENERATION" 
 
 GELASMUS, Canine laugh. 
 
 GBL'ATIN, Gel'atine, Gelatina, Galreda, from 
 (F.) GeJee, 'gelly or jelly.' An immediate ani- 
 mal principle. It is semitransparent, insipid, in- 
 odorous, insoluble in cold water, very soluble in 
 hot, which it thickens, and transforms into gelly 
 on cooling. Gelatin is a very nutritious sub- 
 stance ; and, when dissolved in a considerable 
 quantity of water, forms an emollient fluid, much 
 used in therapeutics, but not the most easy of 
 digestion. 
 
 Gelati?? of Wharton, Gelatina Whartoma'na, 
 Jelly of tee Cord. A soft, dense, fluid, gelatinous 
 substance, which envelops the umbilical cord, and 
 is conceived, by some, to be inservient to the nu- 
 trition of the fcetus. 
 
 GELATINA AQUATICA, Brasenia hydro- 
 peltis. 
 
 GELATIO, Congelation. 
 
 GELEE, Gelly. 
 
 GELLY. Jelly, Jus gela'tum, Gelti, Jus coagti- 
 la'ttim, (F.) Gelee. A substance of a soft eon- 
 gistence, tremulous, and transparent, which is 
 obtained by an appropriate treatment, from ani- 
 mal and vegetable matters: hence the distinction 
 into animal and vegetable Jelly. The former is 
 merely a concentrated solution of gelatin, left to 
 cool. 
 
 Vegetable Jelly is found in the juice of the cur- 
 rant, mulberry, and of almost all acid fruits, when 
 ripe. It is of itself colourless, but almost always 
 retains a little colouring matter of the fruit which 
 has furnished it. It has an agreeable taste ; is 
 scarcely soluble in cold water, but boiling water 
 dissolves it readily : the jelly is, however, almost 
 all deposited on cooling. If this aqueous solution 
 be boiled for a long time, it becomes analogous 
 to mucilage, and loses the property of being jel- 
 lied on cooling. 
 
 GELSEMI'NUM NIT'IDUM, Yelhtc Jes'sa- 
 mine. The flowers, root, &c., of this shrub, are 
 narcotic, and the effluvia from the former are said 
 sometimes to induce stupor. 
 
 GELU, Gelly. 
 
 GELUS, Risus. 
 
 GEMELLI, Gastrocnemii, Ischio-troehanteri- 
 Mius, Testicles. 
 
 GEMEL'LUS, Gem'inus, Did'ymiis, ' a twin.' 
 (F.) Jumeau, Jumelle, Besson, Bcssonne. One of 
 two children, twins, born at the same aecouehe- 
 raent, or gestation. Also, relating to twins, as 
 ' ■ a twin conception." 
 
 Gemellus Mus'ctjlus. Cowpej- applies this 
 name to the long portion of the triceps brachialis 
 united to the inner portion. 
 
 GEMINI, Ischio-trochanterianus, Testicles. 
 
 GEMINUM CENTRUM SEMICIRCULARE, 
 Tasnia semicireularis. 
 
 GEMINUS, Gemellus. 
 
 GEMIPOMA, Mamma. 
 
 GEMISSEMENT, see Moaning. 
 
 GEMMA, Granulation — g. Oculi, Crystalline. 
 
 GEMMATION, GENERATION BY, see Ge- 
 neration. 
 
 GEMMTPARTTE, see Generation. 
 
 GEMMIPAROUS, see Generation. 
 
 GEMUR'SA, a corn; also a name given hy 
 the ancients to a disease seated between the toes; 
 —the nature of which is unknown to us. 
 
 GEN, Gen'eais, ' generation,' from ytvi-aw, ' I 
 make.' Hence Hydrogen, Osteogeny, &c. 
 
 GENA. The Cheek, Genys, Parei'a, Gamphe, 
 (Jamphe'le, Gnathos, Gnathmua, Mala, (F.) Jove. 
 The cheeks form the lateral part? of the mouth. 
 Externally, they have no precise limits : thoy are 
 continuous, <(j>.'cc with the lower eyelid; below, 
 
 they descend as far as the base of the jaw ; he/ore, 
 they terminate at the alse nasi, and at the com- 
 missures of the lips ; and behind, at the ear. 
 Their thickness varies, according to the degree 
 of fatness of the individual. They are formed of 
 three layers ; — one dermoid, another muscular, 
 and the third mucous. 
 
 GENCIVES, Gingivae. 
 
 GENEI'AS, Lanu'go prima, Probar'bium. The 
 downy hairs, which first cover the cheek. Also, 
 a bandage which passes under the chin. 
 
 GENEION, Beard, Mentum. 
 
 GE^NERAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy. 
 
 GENERALE, Influenza. 
 
 GENERATIO, Generation — g. .^quivoea, see 
 Generation — g. Calculi, Lithia — g. Homogenea, 
 see Generation — g. Primigena, see Generation— 
 g. Primitiva, see Generation — g. Originaria, see 
 Generation — g. Spontanea, see Generation. 
 
 GENERATION, Genera'tio, Gen'esis, Genne'- 
 sis. Gone, Gonua, Procrea'tio, Procreation, Breed- 
 ing, from yivu>, or' ytwaw, 'I engender.' Under 
 this name physiologists comprehend the aggre- 
 gate of functions, which concur, in organized 
 beings, towards the production of their kind. 
 The act of generation means the union of the 
 sexes. See Coition. The writers of antiquity 
 believed, that all organized bodies are produced 
 either by what is termed xmiv'ocal or regular ge- 
 neration, Homogen 'eeis, genera 'tio homogen 'ea, 
 propaga'tio, which applies to the upper classes 
 of animals and vegetables, or by spontaneous ge- 
 neration, Autogon'ia, heterogen'esis, generatio he- 
 terogen'ea, cBC/uiv'oca, primiti'va, primig"ena, 
 origina'ria, sponta'nea, sponteparite (Duges), 
 which they considered applicable to the very 
 lowest classes only, as the mushroom, the worm, 
 the frog, &c. There are still many distinguished 
 naturalists who consider that beings low in the 
 scale of animality, are produced in the latt«r 
 way. Spontaneous genevBitioii emd equivocal ge- 
 neration have been regarded by many to be sy- 
 nonymous. Others, however, mean by sponta- 
 taneous generation, the production of anew being 
 from the mere combination of inorganic elements ; 
 whilst by equivocal generation they understand 
 the evolution of a new being from organized 
 beings dissimilar to themselves, through some ir- 
 regularity in their functions, or through the inci- 
 pient decay or degeneration of their tissues. As 
 to the mode in which regular generation is ac- 
 complished, there have been many views. Ao- 
 eording to the doctrine of Hippocrates, and of the 
 ancient philosophers, the ovaries of the female 
 furnish a prolific fluid, similar to that of the male; 
 and the fcetus results from the mixture of the two 
 seeds in copulation. Steno and others conceived, 
 that the ovaries contain ova, which are not de- 
 veloped until vivified by the male sperm. Bonnet 
 and Spallanzani believed in the pre-existence of 
 germs, created since the origin of the world, but 
 encased in each other, and becoming developed 
 in succession; whence it would follow that the 
 ovary of the first female must have contained 
 the germs of all subsequent generations : and that 
 the number of these germs must go on always 
 diminishing, until ultimatel3f extinct. This ■was 
 the system of the evolution of germs. Accordinpf 
 to Leeuenhoek, the ovaries do not contain eggs, 
 but vesicles destined to receive animalcules; 
 which, in his view, live in the sperm. Tliousand.«i 
 of tliesc animalcules are thrown into the uterus 
 during copulation, and the most expeditious and 
 vigorous reaches the ovary, after having scattered 
 and destroj'ed its competitors. Buffon — admit- 
 ting (he hypothesis of the two seeds — supposed 
 that they were formed of molecules proceeding 
 
GENEROUS 
 
 403 
 
 GENITAL 
 
 from every part of the body of each parent; and 
 that, by a kind of elective affinity, those which 
 were furnished by the head, the trunk, or the ex- 
 tremities of the male parent, could only unite 
 with those proceeding from the jame parts of the 
 female. Before him, Maupertuis, admitting, with 
 many of the ancient philosophers, the system of 
 Epigenesis, and adopting, as regarded the com- 
 position of the sperm, a theory analogous to that 
 of Buifon, had supposed that the molecules, ca-- 
 pable of being organized, were attracted towards 
 a centre ; that the nose attracts the two eyes ; 
 the body, the arms; the arms, the hands, <fec., 
 nearly as the particles of a salt, dissolved in a 
 liquid, arrange themselves in regular crystals 
 around the same nucleus. These and various 
 other systems have been successively proposed 
 and abandoned, and the mystery of generation 
 remains impenetrable. 
 
 The simplest kind of reproduction does not re- 
 quire sexual organs. The animal separates into 
 several fragments, which form so many new indi- 
 viduals. This is Fissip'arous generation, Fissi- 
 parism, G. from fission, (F.) Fissiparite, Scissi- 
 parite. Gemmip'arous generation, (F.) Gemmipa- 
 rite, consists in the formation of buds, sporules or 
 germs on some part of the body, which at a par- 
 ticular period drop off and form as many new 
 individuals. In Ovip'arous generation, (F.) Ovi- 
 parit^, the egg is hatched out of the body. In 
 ovovivip'aroiis generation, the new being is 
 hatched in the excretory passages. In vivipj'a- 
 rous generation, the new individual is born under 
 its appropriate form ; and in marmi'pial or mar- 
 m(piate generation, the young being, born at a 
 very early stage of development, is received and 
 nourished in a 7nar8upium or Tpondh. In alternate 
 generation, the young not only do not resemble 
 the parent at birth, but remain dissimilar during 
 their whole life, so that their relationship is not 
 apparent until a succeeding generation. Thus, 
 the cercaria undergoes a change into the distoma. 
 
 All the acts comprising the function of genera- 
 tion in man may be referred to five great heads. 
 1. Copulation. 2. Conception or fecundation. 
 3. Gestation or Pregnancy. 4. Delivery or Ac- 
 couchement: and, 5. Lactation. 
 
 Generation, Act of, see Generation — g. Equi- 
 vocal, see Generation — g. by Fission, see Genera- 
 tion — g. Fissiparous, see Generation — g. by Gem- 
 mation, see Generation — g. Gemmiparous, see 
 Generation — g. Marsupial, see Generation — g. 
 Organs of, female, see Vulva — g. Oviparous, see 
 Generation — g. Regular, see Generation — g. Spon- 
 taneous, see Generation — g. Univocal, see Gene- 
 ration — g. Viviparous, see Generation. 
 
 GEN'EROUS, Genero'sus. A name given to 
 wines which contain a great quantity of alcohol. 
 
 GENESIOL'OGY, Genesiolog"ia, from ysvetng, 
 ' generation,' and \oyog, ' a discourse.' The doc- 
 trine of generation. 
 
 GENESIQUE, LE, Appetite, venereal. 
 
 GENESIS, Generation. 
 
 GENET, Spartium scoparium — g. d, Balai, 
 Spartium scoparium — g. des Teinturiers, Genista 
 tinctoria. 
 
 GE]SfETHLIACUS,fromytv£eXtof,'nata.l,"per- 
 taining to nativity.' A name given by the an- 
 cients to certain astrologers, who, from the state 
 of the heavens at the time of the birth of an in- 
 dividual, predicted his future character and the 
 events of his life. 
 
 GENET'ICA, from yEvto-tf, 'origin,' 'rise.' Dis- 
 eases of the sexual functions : the 6th class in 
 Good's Nosology. Also, agents that act on the 
 sexual organs. — Pereira. 
 
 GBNETICOS, Genital. 
 
 GENEVA, Gin— g. Hollands, see Spirit. 
 GENEVRIER, Juniperus communis. 
 GENGIVITE, Ulitis. 
 GENI, Genian. 
 
 GE'NIAN, Genia'nhs, Ge'nial, from ycvtiov, 
 'the chin.' The Genian apopth'ysis or Process, 
 (F.) Apophyse genienne ou geni, is situate at the 
 posterior part of the symphysis menti, and is 
 formed of four small tubercles. 
 
 GENICULATUM, see Corpora geniculata. 
 GENIE, Ge'nius. The French sometimes ap- 
 ply this term to diseases nearly synonymously 
 with nature; as Genie inflammatoire, G. hilieuj:, 
 G. adynamique. Some use it in the same sense 
 as type ; Genie intermittent. The unwonted pre- 
 dominance of any mental faculty is also so called. 
 GENIEN, Genian. 
 
 GENlilVRE, Gin, Juniperis communis (the 
 berry.) 
 
 GENI'OGLOSSUS, Genio-hyoglos'sus, from 
 ytvsLov, 'the chin,' and Xywcro-a, 'the tongue.' 
 Mesoglossus, Ilesoglot' txts, Nontis lingucb mus'cii- 
 lus. The name of a flat, triangular muscle, 
 which extends from the genian apophysis to the 
 inferior surface of the os hyoides and tongue, 
 which it carries forward. 
 
 GENIOHYODES, Geniohyoideus. 
 GENIOHYOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus. 
 GENIOHYOIDES, Geniohyoideus. 
 G'E'NI'OB.YOlI)EUS,Gemohyo'des,Ge7rtohyoi'- 
 des, Mento-hicorn' eus, from yevetov, ' the chin,' and 
 'voeiSns, 'the os hyoides.' A muscle which arises 
 from the genian apophysis, and is inserted at the 
 anterior part of the body of the os hyoides. Its 
 use is to raise the os hyoides, and carry it for- 
 wards. It may, also, contribute to depress the 
 lower jaw in contracting towards the os hyoides. 
 GENI'O-PHARYNGE'US, from yr.veiov, 'the 
 chin,' and (pafivy^, ' the pharynx.' A name given, 
 by some anatomists, to a bundle of fibres which 
 passes from the lower jaw to the sides of the pha- 
 rynx, and forms part of the constrictor pkaryngis 
 superior. 
 
 GEN'IPA OBLONGIFO'LIA, Ruito. A plant 
 of Peru, with the juice of which the Indians paint 
 their legs, to protect them against the stings of 
 insects. 
 
 GENIPI ALBUM, Artemisia rupestris — g. 
 Blanc, Artemisia rupestris — g. Verum, Achillea 
 atrata. 
 
 GENISTA, Spartium scoparium — g. Canarien- 
 sis, see Rhodium lignum — g. Hirsuta, Spartium 
 scoparium — g. Scoparia, Spartium scoparium. 
 
 Genis'ta Spino'sa In'dica, Bahel Schulli. An 
 oriental tree, a decoction of the roots of which is 
 diuretic. The leaves boiled in vinegar have the 
 same effect. — Ray. 
 
 Genis'ta Tincto'eia, Genisto'i'des tincto'ria, 
 Spar'tittm tincto'rium, Dyers' broom, Dyers' weed, 
 Green weed. Wood waxen, (F.) Genet des Teintu- 
 riers. A shrub cultivated in this country and in 
 Europe. The flowering tops and seed have been 
 used in medicine. It has the same properties as 
 Spartium scoparium. 
 
 GENISTOIDES TINCTORIA, Genista tinc- 
 toria. 
 
 GEN'ITAL, Genita'lis, Genet'icos. Same ety- 
 mon as Generation. That which belongs to sre 
 neration. 
 
 Gen'itAL Organs, Sex'ual Organs, Puden'du, 
 Natura'lia, Natu'ra, JSda'a, Me'zea, Me'sa, Mo'- 
 rion. Genital parts, Noble parts, Nat'ural partu. 
 Private parts, Priv'ities, Privy parts. Privy 
 Members, the Parts, Pars, Pars corporis sen 
 obsccB'na, Fores, Partes genita'les sen genera- 
 tio'ni inservien'tes, P. obscmna. Me' iea, Veren'- 
 1 da, Pedes, Inguen, Genita'lia, Gennet'ica. Gynmfh 
 
GEIS'ITALE 
 
 404 
 
 GENYANTRITIS 
 
 Memhra puden'da, Or'gana generatio'ni inser- 
 vientia, (F.) Organes gSnitaux, Parties ghiiudes, 
 P. honteuaes, P. genitoires, P. nobles, P. sex- 
 uelles, P. naturelles, Lea Parties. The parts that 
 are inservient to the reproduction of the species. 
 These are very different in the male and female. 
 In man, they are numerous ; some secreting the 
 $perm, as the testicles and their appendages,- 
 ochers retaining it, as the vesiculse seminales; 
 and another for carrying it into the organs of the 
 fumale, — the penis. In the female, the parts of 
 generation form an apparatus, perhaps more com- 
 plicated than that of the male. Some are incer- 
 vient to copulation, as the vulra, vagina, &c. ; 
 others to conception and the preservation of the 
 product for a determinate time, as the uterus and 
 its appendages ; whilst others concur in the ali- 
 mentation of the infant afterbirth, as the mammae. 
 
 GENITALE, Sperm— g. Caput, Glans. 
 
 GENITALIA, Genital organs — g. Viri, Pudi- 
 bilia. 
 
 GEN'ITO-CRURAL NERVE, Nervus gen'ito- 
 crura'lis, Suhpu'bial nerve, Inter'nal in'guinal 
 nerve. A branch of the second lumbar nerve, 
 which passes through the psoas muscle, and, ap- 
 proaching the femoral arch, divides into two 
 tranches, — an internal, scrotal, or gen'ital, nervus 
 spermaticua- seu puden'dus exter'nus, and an ex- 
 ternal OT femoral cutaneous branch, lumbo-ingui- 
 nalis. 
 
 GENITU'RA. That which is fecundated or 
 engendered in the maternal womb. This word 
 has been used synonymously with embryo, fcetus, 
 and infant. Also, the sperm; and the penis. See 
 Gone. 
 
 GENIUM, Mentum. 
 
 GENNESIS, Generation. 
 
 GENNETICA, Genital Organs. 
 
 GENNETICOCNES'MUS, from yewriTiKo;, 
 'genital,' and Kvtiafios, 'itching.' Itching of the 
 genital organs. 
 
 GENNETICON'OSI, Gennetieonu'si, from 
 yivvriTiKOi, 'genital,' and voao;^ 'disease.' Dis- 
 eases of the genitals. 
 
 GENOA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of this 
 Italian city and its vicinity has been often select- 
 ed as favourable for the phthisical valetudinarian 
 during the winter ; but it is now admitted to be 
 decidedly improper for pulmonary aflfections, 
 being subject to frequent and rapid changes of 
 temperature, and to dry cold winds from the 
 north, alternately with warm moist winds from 
 the south-east. — Sir James Clark. 
 
 GENONU'SI, Morbi sexus, from yivog, 'sex,' 
 and vovcos, ' disease.' Sexual diseases. 
 
 6EN0S, Sex. 
 
 GE^NOU, Genu. 
 
 GENOTJILLES, (Corps,) Corpora genioulata. 
 
 GENRE, Genus. 
 
 GENSANG, Panax quinquefolium. 
 
 GENTIA, Gentianina. 
 
 GENTIAN, Gentiana lutea, Triosteum — g. 
 Blue, Gentiana catesbsei — g. Catesbian, Gentiana 
 catesbaei — g. White, Laserpitium latifolium — g. 
 iSouthern, Gentiana catesbaei — g. White, Trios- 
 teum — g. Yellow, Gentiana lutea, see Calumba. 
 
 GENTIANA, G. lutea — g. Alba, Laserpitium 
 latifolium — g. Cachenlaguen, Chironia Chilensis 
 — -g. Centaurium, Chironia centaurium. 
 
 Gkntiana Catesb^'i ; G. Gateabia'na, Blue 
 Gvntian, U. S., Catesbian Gen'tian, Southern 
 Gentian, Bluebells, Bitterroot. It is a pure and 
 8imple bitter, and the root may be used wherever 
 that of the Gentiana lutea is proper. 
 
 Qentia'na Chirayta, G. Chirayi'ta, Henrioe'a 
 I'harmacear'cha, Svjer'tia, Chirayi'ta, Agntho'tes 
 ^hirai/i'ta, Ophe'lia chira'ta, Chiret'ta, Chirayi'- 
 
 ta, Chirae'ta. A native of India, which has been 
 much employed in that country, in dyspepsia, 
 and as an antiperiodic in intermittents. It is 
 preferred by some to sarsaparilla, where the lat- 
 ter is considered to be indicated, — as after large 
 quantities of mercury have been taken, or where 
 profuse salivation has been induced. It has also 
 been advised in atonic leucorrhoea. It yields its 
 virtues to alcohol and water. 
 
 Gentiana Crinita, see G. quinqueflora — g. Ge- 
 rardi, Chironia centaurium. 
 
 Gentia'na Lu'tea. The systematic name of 
 the officinal gentian ; Gentia'na, Gentia'na ma- 
 jor, G. vet'erum, Gentia'na rubra, Swer'tia lu'tea, 
 Aste'rias lu'tea. Yellow Gentian, Fehcort. Ord. 
 Gentianese. (F.) Gentiane jdune. This is a 
 plant common in the mountains of Europe. The 
 root is almost inodorous, extremely bitter, and 
 yields its virtues to ether, alcohol, and water. It 
 is tonic and stomachic ; and in large doses, ape- 
 rient. Dose, gr. x. to Qij. It is most frequently, 
 however, used in infusion or tincture. 
 
 Gentiana Major, G. lutea — g. Peruviana, Chi- 
 ronia Chilensis. 
 
 Gentia'na Quinqueflo'ra, Five-flowered Gen- 
 tian; and G'esiia.'jukQb.wi'ta, Fringed Gentian, 
 indigenous, are possessed of like virtues. 
 
 Gentiana Rubra, G. lutea — g. Veterum, G. 
 lutea. 
 
 GENTIANE JAUNE, Gentiana lutea. 
 
 GENTIANI'NA, Gentianine, Gentianin, Gen- 
 tia'nia, Gentia. A supposed neutral substance, 
 obtained from gentian, and, by some, presumed 
 to be its active principle. It is not so. 
 
 GENTILITIUS, Hereditary. 
 
 GENU, Gony, yow, (F.) Genou. The articula- 
 tion of the leg with the thigh ; — the Femoro-tihial 
 or knee-joint, the knee. It is the most compli- 
 cated in the body, and is formed by the inferior 
 extremity of the femur, the superior extremity 
 of the tibia, and the rotula. The articular sur- 
 faces of the bones are covered by layers of carti- 
 lage — more or less thick — and by the synovial 
 membrane of the articulation. The soft parts of 
 this joint are, — the ligamentum patellcB, two late- 
 ral ligaments, distinguished by the names inter- 
 nal and external; a posterior ligament, Ligamen'- 
 tumposti'cum Winslow'ii ; two crucial ligaments, 
 — the one anterior, and the other posterior; two 
 interarticular fibro-cartilages ; some albugineous 
 fibres, which form an imperfect capsule, <fec. The 
 knee receives its arteries from the femoral and 
 popliteal. They bear the name articidar. Its 
 veins have the same distribution as the arteries, 
 and discharge their blood into the saphena and 
 crural. Its nerves are furnished by the sciatic, 
 popliteal, and crural. The joint is protected by 
 the tendons and muscles which surround it. 
 
 The French use the term Articulation en genoa 
 for a joint, in which the head of a bone is received 
 into a bony cavity of another, where it rolls and 
 moves in all directions. 
 
 Genu Corporis Callosi, see Corpus callosum. 
 
 GENUGRA, Gonagra. 
 
 GENUINUS, Legitimate. 
 
 GENUS, (F.) Genre. A collection or group of 
 species, analogous to each other, and which can 
 be united by common characters. When a spe- 
 cies cannot be referred to a known genus, it con- 
 stitutes a distinct one. 
 
 Genus Curationis, Ratio medendi. 
 
 GENYANTRAL'GIA, from ytvuov, 'the max- 
 Ula,' avrpov, 'the antrum, and aXyoj, 'pain.' Pain 
 in the antrum of Highmore. 
 
 GENYANTRI'TIS.from ytveiov, 'the maxilla,' 
 avTpov, ' the antnim,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the antrum of Highmore. 
 
GENYANTRUM 
 
 405 
 
 &EUM 
 
 GENY ANTRUM, Antrum of Highmore. 
 
 GENTOCYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidasa. 
 
 GENYS, ytvvs, ' the jaw ;' also the chin. See 
 Gen a. 
 
 GEOFFR^'A INER'MIS, G. racemo'sa seu 
 Piso'nis seu Jamaicen'sis, Vouacap'oua America' - 
 na, Geoff rm' a, Geoffroy' a, Gahhag"ium, Cabbage 
 Tree, Cabbage Bark Tree, Worm-Bark Tree, An- 
 di'ra inerm'is seu racemo'sa. Nat. Ord. Legu- 
 minosaB. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The 
 odour of the bark is very unpleasant. It is an- 
 thelmintic and cathartic. Dose of the powder, 
 
 9J to 9ij- 
 
 GEOFPRiEA Jamaicensis, G. inermis — g. Piso- 
 nis, G. inermis — g. Raeemosa, G. inermis. 
 
 GEOFrR^'A Surinamen'sis, Andi'ra Surina- 
 rnen'sis, has similar properties. 
 
 Huttenschmidt has separated their active prin- 
 ciples, to which he has given the names Jamai- 
 dne and Surinamine. They are all alkaline. 
 
 Geopfr^A Veemip'uga, Andira ibai, Arriba, 
 Skolemo'ra Fernambucensis ; a South American 
 plant has a fruit, the almond of which, called 
 angeline, has a reputation at Rio Janeiro as a 
 vermifuge. Dose, a grain to fifteen ; or it may 
 be given in infusion. 
 
 GEOFPROYA, Geoffrsea inermis — g. Jamai- 
 censis, G. inermis. 
 
 GEOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, Geogra'pMa 
 Med'ica. The description of the surface of the 
 globe as regards the influence of situation on the 
 health, vital functions, and diseases of its inha- 
 bitants — vegetable and animal; but principally 
 on those of man. 
 
 GEOPH'AGISM, Geophag"ia, GeBopJiag"{a, 
 from yv, ' earth,' and fpayw, ' I eat.' The act or 
 practice of eating earth. See Chthonophagia. 
 
 GER^OLOG"IA, Geratolog" ia, from ynpag, 
 ' old age,' and \oyog, ' a discourse.' The doctrine, 
 or a description, of old age. 
 
 GER'ANIS, from ycpavos, 'a crane,' which it 
 resembled. A bandage, used by the ancients in 
 cases of fractured clavicle. Some authors attri- 
 bute it to Hippocrates ; others, to Perigenes. 
 
 GERA'NIUM, same etymon, because its pistil 
 is long, like the bill of the crane. The Crane's 
 Bill. 
 
 Geranium Fcetidtjm, G. Robertianum — g. Ma- 
 culatum, see Geranium, and G. Moschatum. 
 
 Geranium Moscha'tum; Erod'ium 3IoscJia- 
 tum, (F.} Bee de grue mugqne. A European 
 plant, esteemed to be excitant and diaphoretic. 
 
 Geranium Noveboracense, G. Maculatum — 
 g. Purpureum, G. Robertianum. 
 
 Geranium Robertia'num ; G. foe'tidum seu 
 purpu'reum, Stinking Crane's Bill, Herb Robert, 
 (F. ) Herbe d, Robert, Bee de Grve Robertin. 
 This plant was, at one time, used as an antispas- 
 modic and slight stimulant, as well as for an ex- 
 ternal application in various painful sores and 
 inflammations. 
 
 Most of the species of geranium have been used 
 as astringents. In some of the northwestern 
 parts of the United States, the root of the Gera- 
 nium macula' turn — Gera'nium, (Ph. U. S.) — G. 
 Noveboracen'ae, Spotted Crane's Bill, Crowfoot, 
 Alnm root, Tormentil, Stork bill — is called Racine 
 a. Becquet, after a person of that name. It is 
 highly extolled by the Western Indians as an an- 
 tisyphilitic. 
 
 GERAS, Senectus. 
 
 GERM, Germen, Blaste, Blaste'ma. The rudi- 
 ment of a new being, not yet developed, or which 
 is still adherent to the mother. 
 
 Germ Force, Plastic force. 
 
 GERMANDER, COMMON, Teucrium cha- 
 meedrys — g. Creeping, Teucrium chamaedrys — g. 
 
 Marum, Teucrium marum — g. Small, Teucrium 
 chamffidrys — g. Water, Teucrium scordium. 
 
 GERMANBREE AQUATIQUE, Teucrium 
 scordium — g. Maritime, Teucrium marum — g. 
 Officinale, Teucrium chamaedrys — g. Scorodane, 
 Teucrium scordium. 
 
 GERME FAUX, Conception, false. 
 
 GERMEN, Germ, Sperm — g. Dentale, Dental 
 Pulp — g. Falsum, Mole — g. Spurium, Conception, 
 false. 
 
 GERMINAL CELL, see Cytoblast— g. Mem- 
 brane and Vesicle; see Molecule — g. Nucleus, 
 see Molecule — g. Spot, see Molecule — g. Vesicle, 
 see Molecule. 
 
 GERMS, DISSEMINATION OF, Panspermia. 
 
 GEROBOS'CIA, Gerontobos'cia, from ymag, 
 'old age,' and jSoc-Ktj, 'food.' Nourishment or 
 maintenance proper for the aged. 
 
 GEROCOMEUM, Geroeon^ium. 
 
 GEROCO'MIA, Gerocom'ice, Gerontocom' ice, 
 from ycpuv, 'an aged person,' and Kofxuv, 'to take 
 care of.' The part of medicine whose object ia 
 the preservation of the health of the aged : — the 
 hygiene of old people. 
 
 GEROCOMICE, Gerocomia. 
 
 GEROCOMI'UM, Gerocome'nm, Presbyodo- 
 chi'um, Gerontocomi' um, Gerotrophe'um, same ety- 
 mon. An hospital for the aged. 
 
 GEROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
 
 GEROFLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 
 GERONTATROPHIA, Marasmus senilis. 
 
 GERONTOBOSCIA, Geroboscia. 
 
 GERONTOCOMICE, Gerocomia. 
 
 GERONTOCOMIUM, Gerocomium. 
 
 GERONTO'PIA, from yvpa^, 'old age,' and 
 wi//, ' the eye.' Weakness of sight of the aged. 
 
 GERONTOTOXON, Gerotoxon. 
 
 GERONTOXON, Gerotoxon. 
 
 GEROTOX'ON, Gerontox'on, Gerontotox'on, 
 3fac'ida cor'necB arciia'ta, Arcus seni'lis; from 
 ytpiav, ' an old person,' and to^ov, ' a bow.' A 
 bow-shaped obscurity at the under margin of the 
 cornea, common to old people. 
 
 GEROTROPHEUM, Gerocomium. 
 
 GEROTROPHIA, Geroboscia. 
 
 GERSA, Plumbi subcarbonas — g. Serpentarise, 
 see Arum maculatum. 
 
 GESTA, 'things done,' from gerere, gestum, 
 'to do,' 'carry.' A Latin term, introduced by 
 Halle into medical language, to designate, among 
 the objects which belong to hygiene, the func- 
 tions which consist in the voluntary movements 
 of muscles and organs. In the class Gesta are 
 found sleep, the waking state, movements or loco- 
 motion, and rest. 
 
 GESTA'TION, Gesta'tio, Phora, from gestare, 
 ' to carry.' The time during which a female who 
 has conceived carries the embryo in her uterus. 
 See Pregnancy. Gestation, likewise, signifies the 
 bearing or carrying of an individual; a kind of 
 exercise easier than that in which he moves by 
 virtue of his own powers. Thus, we speak of 
 gestation on horseback, in a carriage, &c. 
 
 Gestation, Protracted. Pregnancy pro- 
 tracted beyond the usual period. See Pregnancy. 
 
 GESTICULA'TION, Gesticida'tio, same ety- 
 mon. The act of making many gestures ; a 
 symptom in disease, which indicates great ence- 
 phalic erethism. It is met with in numerous 
 affections. 
 
 GETHYL'LIS SPIRA'LIS. A South African 
 plant, Nat. Ord. Amaryllideee, the orange-co- 
 loured fruit of which has a peculiar fragrance. 
 An infusion in spirit or tincture is used in flatu- 
 lence and colic. 
 
 GEUM, G. rivale — g. CaryophyllatuM, '3. or 
 
GEUMA 
 
 406 
 
 GINGLYMUS 
 
 banum — g. Nutans, G. rivale — g. Palustre, G. 
 rivale. 
 
 Geum Rivals, 0. palua'tre seu nutans, Caryo- 
 phjUa'ta aquat'ica seu nutans, Benedic'ta sylves'- 
 tris, Water avens, (P.) Benoite aquatique, B. des 
 Buissaux. Family, Ilosacese. Sex. Syst. Ico- 
 sandria Polygynia. The root of this plant, 
 Gerim (Ph. U. S.), is astringent. It has been 
 much extolled in the cure of intermittents, diar- 
 rhoea, hemorrhage, &c. 
 
 Getjm Urbanum, G. caryophylla'tum, Caryo- 
 phylla'ta, C. vulga'ris seu urha'na, Caryophyl'lus 
 vvlga'ris, Sanamun'da, Lagophthal'nms, Oaryo- 
 phyl'la, Janamun' da, Common avens, Herb Ben- 
 nut, Herba benedic'ta, (F.) Benoite. The root of 
 this plant has a smell not unlike that of cloves. 
 Taste bitterish, austere ; virtues yielded to water 
 and alcohol. It has been used in intej-mittents, 
 dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, debility, &c. Dose, 
 3ss to 5J of the powder. 
 
 Geum Vernum, Western early avens, has the 
 same properties as 
 
 Geum Virginia 'num, White avens, Avens, Evan 
 root, Choc'olate root, Bennet, Throat root, Cure- 
 all, (P.) Benoite de Virginie, is common from 
 Maine to Carolina and Kentucky, flowering in 
 June and July. It has the same medical proper- 
 ties as Geum rivale. 
 
 GEUMA, Taste. 
 
 GEUSION'OSI, from ytvaiq, 'taste,' and voaos, 
 ' disease.' Geusionu'si. Diseases of the organ 
 or sense of taste. 
 
 GEUSIS, Taste. Earely, the root of the 
 tongue — Radix lingua. 
 
 GEUTHMOS, Taste. 
 
 GEZIR, see Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 GEZIT, Gagot. 
 
 GEZITAIN, Cagot. 
 
 GHERKIN, see Cucumis sativus. 
 
 GHITTA JEMOCO, Cambogia. 
 
 GIALAPPA, Convolvulus Jalapa. 
 
 GIANT, Gig as, (F.) G&ant. One much above 
 the ordinary stature. 
 
 GIBBA, Hump. 
 
 GIBBER, Hump. 
 
 GIBBEROSITAS, Gibbositas. 
 
 GIBBOS'ITAS, Gibberos'itas, Cypho'sis, Bha- 
 chio-cypho' sis, from (F.) Gibbenx, (L.) Gibbus, 
 ' something arched or vaulted ; prominent.' Gib- 
 los'ity, Gib'houaness, Curvature of the spine, Hy- 
 ho'ma. A symptom which occurs in different 
 diseases ; particularly in rickets and caries of the 
 vertebrae. See Hump. 
 
 Gibbositas Cariosa, Vertebral disease. 
 
 GIBBOUSNESS, Gibbositas. 
 
 GIBBUS, Hump — g. Pottii, Vertebral disease. 
 
 GIBLETS. According to Minsheu, from 
 Gobbet, Goblet; but, according to Junius, from 
 (F.) Gibier, 'game.' The word seems to be the 
 old _(F.) Gibelez, Gibelet, &c., i. e. Gibier, (L.) Ci- 
 harium, food, (F.) Ahattis. It means, generally, 
 the parts which are cut ofi" from a goose before it 
 is roasted. Also, the extremities of fowls, such 
 as the head, wings, feet ; to which are sometimes 
 added, the liver, gizzard, Ac. Soup, made from 
 these, is moderately nutritious. 
 
 &IDDINESS, Vertigo. 
 
 GIDDY, Vertiginous. 
 
 GIGANTEUS, Gigantic. 
 
 GIGANTESQUE, Gigantic. 
 
 GIGAN'TIC, Gigante'us, Giganto'des, (F.) Gi- 
 gantesque. Relating to one much above the or- 
 dinary stature. 
 
 GIGANTODES, Gigantic. 
 
 GIGARTINA HELMINTHOCHORTON, Co- 
 rallina Corsicana — g. Lichenoides, Fucus amyla- 
 oeus 
 
 GIGARUS SERPENTARIA, Arum draenn- 
 culus. 
 
 GIGAS, Giant. 
 
 GILARUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 GILEAD, BALM OF, see Amyris opobalsamum. 
 
 GILET DE FORCE, "Waistcoat, strait. 
 
 GILL, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 Gill-go-by-ground, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 GILLA THEOPHRASTI, Zinci sulphas — g. 
 Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas. 
 
 GILLE'NIA STIPULA'CEA, Small-flowered 
 In'dian Physic has the same properties as 
 
 Gille'nia Tripolia'ta, Spircr.'a trifolia'ta, 
 Common Gille'nia, Indian Physic, 'Western Drop- 
 wort, Indian Hippo, Ip'ecae, Bowman's root, Ilea- 
 dow sioeet, Beuumont root. Nat. Ord. Rosacea?. 
 Sex. Syst. Icosandria Pentagynia. The root of 
 this shrub, — Gille'nia, (Ph. V. S.) — which grows 
 plentifully in the United States, is a safe and 
 eflicacious emetic, in the dose of about 30 grains. 
 It resembles ipecacuanha in its properties. 
 
 GILLIFLOWER, Dianthus caryophyllus. 
 
 GIM'BERNAT'S LIGAMENT. A fibrous, 
 triangular expansion, which is detached from the 
 posterior and inner part of the crural arch, and is 
 inserted into the crest of the pubis. This liga- 
 ment forms the inner part of the superior aper- 
 ture of the crural canal. It is one of the most 
 frequent causes of strangulation in crural hernia. 
 
 GIN, Hollands, Gene'va, (F.) Genievre. This 
 spirit, which is distilled from corn and juniper 
 berries, or from some substitute for them, is 
 largely used in Great Britain ; and is extremely 
 detrimental, to the lower classes particularly. It 
 possesses tie properties of other spirituous liquors, 
 but is, in popular medicine, more used than other 
 varieties, in cases of colic or intestinal pain of any 
 kind. See Spirit. 
 
 Gin Drinker's Liver, Liver, nutmeg — g^ 
 Liver, Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 GINGE3IBRE, Amomum zingiber. 
 
 GINGER, Amomum zingiber — g. Beer povder, 
 see Amomum zingiber — g. Indian, Asarum cana- 
 dense — g. Jamaica, concentrated essence of, see 
 Amomum zingiber — g. Preserved, see Amomum 
 zingiber — g. Wild, Asarum Canadense. 
 
 GINGIBRA'CHIUM, from gingiva, 'the 
 gums,' and brachium, ' the arm.' A name given 
 to the scurvy, because the gums and arms are 
 chiefly aifected by it. It has, also, been called 
 Gingipe' dium, because the lower limbs are in 
 many cases the seat of scorbutic spots. See Por- 
 phyra nautica. 
 
 GINGIPEDIUM, see Gingibrachium, Per- 
 phyra nautica. 
 
 GINGI'V^, from gignere, 'to beget,' because 
 the teeth are, as it were, begotten in them. (?) 
 The gums, ouXa, U'la, Carnic'ula, (P.) Gencires. 
 The portion of the mucous membrane of the 
 mouth which covers the maxillary bones to the 
 level of the alveolar arches. The gums are 
 formed of a red tissue, more or less solid, and of 
 a fibro-mucous nature, which adheres strongly to 
 the necks of the teeth, and transmits, between 
 the roots and their alveoli, a very thin expan- 
 sion, — the alveolo-dental periosteum. The gums 
 fix the teeth and contribute greatly to their soli- 
 dity. In the aged, after the loss of the teeth, 
 they become fibrous and very solid, and are in- 
 servient to mastication. 
 
 GINGIVA'LIS, Ulet'iens, UUcus ; from gin- 
 giva, 'the gums.' Relating to the gums. 
 
 GING'LYMOID, Ginglymoidcns, Ginglymo'. 
 des, from ■yiyy\vixos, 'aginglynnis,' and ti^oj, 're- 
 semblance. Resembling a ginglj'mus or hinge. 
 An epithet applied to joints which resemble a 
 hinge, as n ginglymoid Joint. 
 
 GIN'GLYMUS, Cardinamen'tum, Cardo, '« 
 
GINSENG 
 
 407 
 
 GLANDULA 
 
 hinge.' (F.) CJiamilre, Articulation en cJinrniire. 
 A species of diarthrodial articulation, which only 
 admits of motion in two directions, like a hinge, 
 — as the knee-joint or elbow-joint. 
 
 GINSENG, Panax quinquefolium — g. Blue, 
 Caulophyllum thalietroides — g. Yellow, Caulo- 
 phyllum thalietroides — g. Horse, Triosteum — g. 
 White, Triosteum. 
 mHAFFE, Dengue. 
 i&IRARD ROUSSIN, Asarum. 
 GIRDLE, Cingulum. 
 
 GIRL. This seems, formerly, to have been 
 an appellation common to both sexes. Many 
 etymologists deduce the word from the Su. Goth. 
 Karl, ' a man.' It means a young female, (L.) 
 Filia, from ij>i\tiv, 'to love.' (F.) Fille. 
 GIROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
 GIRO FLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 GISSA, Cynanche parotidasa. 
 GIZZARD, Ventriculus callosus. 
 GLABELLA, Mesophryon. 
 GLABELLAD, see Glabellar. 
 GLABEL'LAR, from glabella, 'the space be- 
 the eyebrows.' An epithet for an aspect towards 
 the glabella. — Barclay. Glahellad is used adver- 
 bially by the same writer to signify ' towards the 
 glabellar aspect.' 
 
 GLABRITIES, Calvities. 
 GLACE, Ice. 
 
 GLAGIALE, Mesembryanthemum crystalli- 
 num. 
 
 GLACIALIS HUMOR, Crystalline. 
 GLACIES, Ice. 
 
 GLADIOLUS, Machserion — g. Casruleus, Iris 
 Germanica. 
 
 Gladi'olus Commu'nis, G. vulga'ris, Vieto- 
 ria'lis rotun'da, Cornjiag, Victoria'lis feminea, 
 (F.) Glayeiil. The root of this plant has been 
 considered aphrodisiac. Applied in cataplasm, it 
 has been extolled against scrofulous tumours. 
 
 Gladiolus Ltjteus, Iris pseudacorus — g. Vul- 
 garis, G. communis. 
 GLADIUS, Penis. 
 GLAMA, Lippitudo, Chassie. 
 GLAND, Glan'dula, Gran'dxda, from glans, 
 'an acorn, a kernel.' Aden. The ancient ana- 
 tomists gave this name to a number of organs of 
 a texture generally soft, and a shape more or 
 less globular, but differing greatly in their nature 
 and functions. They applied it, for instance, 1. 
 To those organs which separate from the blood, 
 tiny fluid whatever. When such organs were 
 composed of several lobules, united by common 
 vessels, they received the name conglomerate 
 glands, as the parotid, pancreas, &c. 2. To the 
 reddish and spongy, knot-like bodies, which are 
 met with in the course of the lymphatics. These 
 they called conglobate glands; — see Ganglion 
 [lymphatic ;) and 3dly and lastly, to various other 
 3rgaus, whose intimate texture and functions are 
 litill unknown, as the Pineal gland, Pituitary 
 ffland, Glands of Pacchioni, Thyroid gland, Thy- 
 mus gland. Supra-renal glands, &c. Chaussier 
 restricts the word gland to those softish, granular, 
 lobated organs, composed of vessels, and a parti- 
 cular texture, of which there are in the human 
 body, the lachrymal, salivary, and mammary, the 
 testicles, the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. These 
 permanent glands, or glandstcith j>erman€nt ducts, 
 are all destined to draw from the blood the mole- 
 cules necessary for the formation of new fluids ; 
 and to convey these fluids externally, by means 
 of one or more excretory ducts. Several glands 
 besides their excretory ducts, have especial reser- 
 voirs, in which the fluids, secreted by them, col- 
 lect, remain for a greater or less space of time, 
 and undergo slight modifications before being 
 evacuated; — such are, the gall-bladder for the 
 liver, the urinary bladder for the kidneys, &e. 
 
 Each gland has an organization peculiar to it,, 
 but we know not the intimate nature of the glan- 
 dular texture. — Malpighi believed that the ves- 
 sels terminate in small, solid masses, to which ho 
 gave the name — glandidur grains or ac^ni. In 
 these, he considered, the excretory ducts v...ginati?, 
 Ruysch thought that the glands are entirely vas- 
 cular, and that the excretory ducts are immedi- 
 ately continuous with the vasa afferentia, &e. The 
 best view, perhaps, is, that the exhaling or secre- 
 ting vessel is distributed on the animal membrane, 
 which forms the blind extremity of the excretoiy 
 duct, and that the secretion is effected through 
 it by means of cells. 
 
 The term glande (F.) is sometimes appropriated 
 to the tumour formed by inflammation or engorge- 
 ment of a lymphatic ganglion. 
 
 GLAND, Glans — g. Accessory, of the Parotid, 
 see Parotid — g. Globate, Conglobate gland — g. 
 Prostate, Prostate — g. Salivary, abdominal, Pan- 
 creas. 
 
 GLAND AGE, Adenophyma. 
 GLANDE, Gland — gr. Thyroidc, see Thyroid 
 gland. 
 
 GLANDERS, Equinia — g. Farcy, see Equinia. 
 
 GLANDE S BRONCHI QUE S,BToncbial 
 
 glands — g. Conglobees, Conglobate glands — g. de 
 
 Oroissance, Waxing kernels — g. de Ileibomius, 
 
 Meibomius, glands of. 
 
 GLANDIFORM CORPUSCLE, Acinus — g. 
 Ganglion, see Ganglion. 
 GLANDIUM, Thymus. 
 
 GLANDS, see Quercus Alba — g. Accessory, 
 Cowper's glands — g. Aggregate, Peyeri glandulw 
 — g. Agminated, Peyer's glands — g. Aporio, Gan- 
 glions, glandiform — g. Blind, Ganglions, glandi- 
 form — g. Diapnogenous, see Perspiration — g. 
 Havers's, Synovial glands — g. of Bartholinu?, 
 Cowper's glands of the female — g. Cowper's, see 
 Cowper's glands — g.ofDuverney, Cowper's glands 
 of the female — g. Lenticular, Lenticulares glan- 
 dulfB — g. Lieberkiihn's, Lieberkiihn's glands, see 
 Intestine — g. Miliary, Sebaceous glands — g. Oil, 
 Sebaceous glands — g. Permanent, see Gland — g. 
 Peyer's, Peyeri glandulse — g. Renal, Capsules, 
 renal — g. Sebaceous, see Sebaceous glands — g. 
 Solitary, Brunner's glands — g. Sudoriparous, see 
 Perspiration — g. Sweat, see Perspiration. 
 
 Glands, Temporary, Glands without perma- 
 nent orifices. Glands, that consist of a single 
 primary vesicle or sacculus, which, having ela- 
 borated a secretion in its interior, bursts, dis- 
 charges it, and disappears. Peyer's glands, and 
 the Graafian vesicles afford examples of these. 
 
 Glands of Tyson, Sebaceous glands of Tyson 
 — g. Vascular, see Ganglion — g. of Vesalius, 
 Bronchial glands — g. of Willis, Albicantia corpo- 
 ra. Mamillary tubercles. 
 
 GLANDULA, Gland— g. ad Aures, Parotid— 
 g. Avicenn£e, Encystis — g. Bartholiniana, Sub- 
 lingual gland — g. Basilaris, Pituitary gland — g. 
 Colli, Tonsil — g. Innominata Galeni, Lachrymal 
 gland — g. Lachrymalis, Lachrymal gland — g. 
 Mucosa, Conglobate gland — g. Pinealis, Pinenl 
 gland — g. Pituitosa, Pituitary gland — g. Rivini- 
 ana. Sublingual gland — g. Salivalis abdominis, 
 Pancreas — g. Socia Parotidis, see Parotid — g. 
 Thymus, Thymus— g. Thyreoidea, Thyroid gland 
 Glandule Agminatje, Peyeri glandulaj — g. 
 Artieulares, Synovial glands — g. Assistentes, 
 Prostate — g. Brunneri, Brunner's glands ~g. 
 Cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulaj — g. Durse ma- 
 tris, G. Pacchioni — g. Dur» meningis, G. Pac- 
 chioni — g. in Agmen congregate intestinorum, 
 Peyeri glandulse — g. Intestinales, Peyeri glan- 
 duia3 — g. MeibomianEe, Meibomius, glands of — 
 g. Mucosa; coagminatee intestino.-um. Peyeri glaa- 
 i dulee — g. Muciparae racemttim congosta; iutesti- 
 
GLANDULAIBE 
 
 408 
 
 GLOBULE 
 
 Tiorum, Peyeri glandulas — g. Myrtiformes, Ca- 
 runculas myrtiformes — g. OdoriferEB Tysoni, see 
 Sebaceous glands — g. Peyerianse, Peyeri glan- 
 dulas — g. Plexiformes, Peyeri G-. — g. Prostatse 
 mulierum, see Corpus glandulosum mulierum — 
 g. Sebaceoa ciliares, Meibomius, glands of — g. 
 Solitarise, Brunner's glands — g. Spuriae, Peyeri 
 glandulse, Ganglions, glandiform — g. Sudoriferaj, 
 Ece Perspiration — g. Suprarenales, Capsules, re- 
 nal — g. Tysoni, Sebaceous glands of Tyson — g. 
 Utriculares, Utricular Glands — g. VasculosEe, 
 Conglomerate glands — g. Vesalianse, Bronchial 
 glands. 
 
 GLANDULAIBE, Glandular. 
 
 GLAND'ULARj Glandula'ris, Glnndulo'sus, 
 (F.) Glandulaire, Glandideux. Having the ap- 
 pearance, form, or texture of Glands ; as a glan- 
 dular body, a glandular texture, &c. 
 
 Glandular Substance of the Kidney, see 
 Kidney. 
 
 GLANDULE OF MALPIGHI, see Corpora 
 Malpighiana. 
 
 GBANDULEUX, Glandular. 
 
 GLANDULO'SO-CARNEUS. Euysch giyes 
 this epithet to fleshy excrescences which he found 
 in the bladder. 
 
 GLANDULOSUS, Glandular. 
 
 GLANS, ('an acorn.') Bal'anus, Gyt'taros, 
 Cuspis, Caput, C. Penis, Genita'le caput, (F.) 
 Gland. The extremity of the penis and of the 
 clitoris. The glans penis is of a conical, slightly 
 flattened shape. It is continuous with the ure- 
 thra, which opens at its apex ,• and is circum- 
 scribed by a projecting edge, called the Coro'na 
 glandis. It is covered by a thin mucous mem- 
 brane ; is furnished, at its base, with sebaceous 
 follicles, called glan'dides odorif'ercB Tyso'ni, the 
 secretion from which is termed Smegma prepu'- 
 tii; and can, almost always, be covered by the 
 reflection of the skin, called the prepuce. Lastly, 
 it is formed of a spongy texture, susceptible of 
 being thrown into erection. 
 
 Glans, Bronchocele, Pessary, Suppository. 
 
 Glans Clitob'idis is smaller. It is imper- 
 forate, and likewise covered with a sort of pre- 
 puce formed by the mucous membrane of the 
 vulva. 
 
 Glans Jovis Theophrasti, Eagus castanea — 
 g. Ulnae, Olecranon — g. Unguentaria, Guilandina 
 moringa, Myrobalanus. 
 
 GLAREA, Gravel. 
 
 GLASS, Vitrum. 
 
 GLAUBER'^ SALTS, Soda, Sulphate of. 
 
 GLAUCEDO, Glaucoma. 
 
 GLAUCO'MA, from yXavKoe, 'sea-green.* 
 Glauco'sis, Glance' do, Catarac'ta glauca, Oc'tdns 
 cte'sius, Ccb'sius, Phtharma glanco'ma, Parop'sis 
 glauco'sis, Apoglauco'sis. Amongst the older 
 pathologists, this word was used synonymously 
 with cataract. It is now ordinarily applied to 
 opacity of the vitreous humour or of the tunica 
 hyaloidea, which manifests itself by a grayish, 
 or greenish spot, apparent through the pupil. 
 The diagnosis is generally diflScult; and the dis- 
 ease is almost always incurable. 
 
 Glaucoma Woulhousi, Cataract. 
 
 GLAUCOSIS, Glaucoma. 
 
 GLAYEUL, Gladiolus vulgaris — g. Puant, 
 Iris foetidissima. 
 
 GLECHO'MA HEDERA'CEA, G. hirsu'- 
 lum, Hedcr'ula, Ohamincle'ma, 0. hedern'cea, Ca- 
 lamin'tha hedcra'cea, Calamin'ta humil'ior, Oha- 
 tncBcis'sus, Hed'era terres'tris, Nep'eta glccho'ma, 
 Panace'a pcc'torin, Ground-ivy, Gill, Gill-go-liy- 
 ground, Alehoof, Bohin runaway, (F.) Lierre ter- 
 restre, Terrette. This plant has a strong smell, 
 and a bitterish, soniowbat aromatic, taste. It 
 has been considered expectorant and tonic. 
 
 GLECHON. Mentha pulegium. 
 
 GLECHONI'TIS. Wine, impregnated with 
 the Glechon, yKrj')(ijiv, mantha pnleginm, or penny- 
 royal. 
 
 GLECOMA HIRSUTUM, G. hederaceum. 
 
 GLEET, see Gonorrhcea. 
 
 GLEME, Chassie, Lippitudo. 
 
 GLEKE, yXrivri. The pupil. The anterior part 
 of the eye. The eyeball. The eye. According 
 to some, the crystalline lens. Also, a glenoid 
 cavity. 
 
 OLENITIS, Phacitis. 
 
 GLENOID, Glene. 
 
 Gle'noid, Glenoid'al, Gleno'ida' lis, Gleno'i'def, 
 Gleno'des, Gleno'i'deus, from yXvvVj 'the pupil,' 
 and uSog, 'resemblance.' (F.) Gleno'ide, Glenoi- 
 dale. Any shallow, articular cavity, Glene, which 
 receives the head of a bone; such as, 1. The 
 glenoid cavity or fossa of the scapula. Fossa gle- 
 no'idea, Omocot'yle, Acetah'ulum hu'meri, Cav'i- 
 tas hu'meri gleno'ides, Entypo'eis, is situate at 
 the anterior angle of the scapula; and is arti- 
 culated with the head of the humerus. 2. The 
 glenoid cavity or fossa of the temporal bone. It 
 is seated between the two roots of the zygomatic 
 process, and receives the condyle of the lowei 
 jaw. 
 
 Glenoid Lig'ament, (F.) Ligament Gleno'idien, 
 is a fibro-cartilaginous ring or hourrelet, vihidii 
 seems formed by the expansion of the tendon of 
 the long head of the biceps brachialis, and sur- 
 rounds the glenoid cavity of the scapula, the 
 depth of which it increases. 
 
 GLENOlDALE, Glenoid. 
 
 GLISCHRAS'MA, Glis'chrofes, from yXioxpai- 
 vb>, (yXia, 'glue,') 'I become glutinous.' Lentor, 
 viscidity. — Hippocrates. 
 
 GLISCHROCH'OLUS, from yX^axpos, 'viscid,' 
 and %oA)7, 'bile.' An epithet for excrement which 
 is glutinous and bilious. 
 
 GLISCHROTES, Glischrasma. 
 
 GLISOMARGO, Creta. 
 
 GLOBE, Bandage (head) — g. of the Eye, see 
 Eye — g. Flower, Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
 
 GLOBULAIBE PUBGATIVE, Globularia 
 alypum. 
 
 GLOBULA'RIA AL'YPUM, Glolnla'ria, 
 Montpel'lier Turhith, (F.) Glohulaire purgative, 
 Turhith hlanc. The leaves of this plant are bit- 
 ter, and have been used in intermittents and in 
 constipation. See Alypon. 
 
 GLOB'ULE, Gloh'uhis, SpJim'rion, SpTirn'rula. 
 A small globe. 
 
 Globules op the Blood, Blood glolnles, 
 Blood - corpuscles. Blood- disks, Blood - vesicles, 
 Glob'uli, Vesic'ulw, SphcB'rula seu Follic'uH 
 san'gninis, (F.) Globules du saug, are small, cir- 
 cular bodies, which are particularly observable 
 when the transparent parts of cold-blooded ani- 
 mals are examined by the aid of the microscope ; 
 and are met with in the blood of all animals. 
 They are circular in the mammalia, and elliptical 
 in birds and cold-blooded animals ; are flat in 
 all animals, and generally composed of a central 
 nucleus enclosed in a membranous sac. Che- 
 mically, they consist of hajmatin and globulin — 
 hcBmato-glohulin. 
 
 Size of the Globules. 
 
 Sir E. Home and Bauer, with ] 1.17nOth part of 
 
 colouring matter, . . J an inch. 
 
 EUer, .... 1.1930 
 
 Sir E. Home and Bauer, with- | , i^r^ntt 
 
 out colouring mutter, . J 
 Muller, .... 1.2.'',00 to 1..3500 
 Mandl, .... 1.2625 to 1.3160 
 
GLOBULE 
 
 409 
 
 GLOSSOGRAPHY 
 
 Hodgkiu, Lister, and Rudolphi, 1.3000 
 
 Sprcngel, .... 1.3000 to 1.3500 
 
 Cavallo, .... 1.3000 to 1.4000 
 
 Donne, .... 1.3150 to 1.3280 
 
 Jurin and Gulliver, . . 1.3240 
 
 Blumenbach ajid Senao, . 1.3330 
 
 Tabor, . . . . 1.3600 
 
 MUne Edwards, . . . 1.3900 
 
 Wagner, .... 1.4000 
 
 Kater, .... 1.4000 to 1.6000 
 
 Prevost and Dumas, . . 1.4056 
 
 Haller, WoUaston, and Weber, 1.5000 
 
 Young, .... 1.6060 
 
 GLOBULE D'ARANTIUS, see Sigmoid 
 valves — g. du Sang, Globule of the blood. 
 
 GLOBULES, GANGLION, see Neurine — g. 
 Chyle, see Chyle — g. Lymph, see Lymph — g. 
 Milk, see Milk — g. Mucous, see Mucus — g. Pus, 
 gee Pus — g. Pyoid, see Pus. 
 
 GLOBULI ARTERIARUM TERMINI, see 
 Acinus — g. Sanguinis, Globules of the blood — g. 
 Tartar! martiales, Ferrum tartarizatum — g. Tar- 
 tratis ferri et lixiviae, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
 
 GLOB'ULIN, Gloh'uline, Blood ca'sein. The 
 colourless substance that remains after the ab- 
 straction of the colouring matter of the blood- 
 corpuscle. It is a peculiar albuminous principle. 
 The globulin of Berzelius consists of the enve- 
 lopes of the blood globules, and of the part of 
 their contents that remains after the extraction 
 of the hffimatin. Lecanu regards it as identi- 
 cal with albumen ; and, according to Mulder, it 
 belongs to the combinations of protein. 
 
 The term globulin is likewise given by M. 
 Donne to small granulations appertaining to the 
 chyle, which are observable in the blood with the 
 microscope. They are small white roundish, iso- 
 lated or irregularly agglomerated grains ; of about 
 the 1-300 of a millimetre in diameter, and are re- 
 garded by M. Donne as the first elements of the 
 blood globules. They are the white granulated 
 corpuscles of Mandl. 
 
 GLOBULUS ARANTII, see Sigmoid valves 
 — g. Nasi, see Nasus — g. Sanguineus, Punctum 
 saliens — g. Stapedis Ossis, Os orbiculare. 
 
 GLOBUS HYSTER'ICUS, Nodus Hysfer'icus, 
 An'gone, Anad'rome. A sensation, experienced 
 by hysterical persons, as if a round body were 
 rising from the abdomen towards the larynx, and 
 producing a sense of suffocation. 
 
 Globits Major, see Epididymis — g. Minor, 
 see Epididymis — g. Martialis, Ferrum tartari- 
 zatum. 
 
 Globtts Uteri'nus. a term applied by accou- 
 cheurs to the round tumour, formed by the uterus 
 in the lower part of the abdomen, immediately 
 after delivery. 
 
 GLOMERATE, Conglomerate. 
 
 GLOM'ERULE, Glomer' vlus ; from glomus, 'a 
 dew of thread.' A ball or clew, formed by an 
 agglomeration of vessels; as Glomerule of Malpi- 
 ghi ; see Corpora Malpighiana. 
 
 GLOSS A, Olotta, ' the tongue.' The power of 
 speech. Speech. Hence : 
 
 GLOSSAGRA, Glossalgia. ' 
 
 GLOSS AL'GIA, Glos'sogra, from yXojcro-a, 'the 
 tongue,' and ay^yoi, ' pain.' Pain in the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSANIS'CHUM, Glossanoch'eus, Glossan'- 
 ocTium, from yXwo-o-a, 'tongue,' and avf)(€iv, 'to 
 hold up.' An instrument for holding up the 
 ton sue. 
 
 GLOSSANOCHEUS, Glossanischum. 
 GLOSSANOCHUM, Glossanischum. 
 
 GLOSS AN'THRAX, Pestis glossan'tJirax, from 
 y^waaa, 'the tongue,' and av^pa^, 'a carbuncle.' 
 Carbuncle of the tongue. A disease more common 
 in cattle than in man. 
 
 GLOSSEPIGLOT'TIC, Glossejnglot' ticue. Re- 
 lating to the tongue and epiglottis, as Ligamen'- 
 turn glossepiglott' ieum. 
 
 GLOSSIANUS, Lingual muscle. 
 GLOSSI'TIS, from y\u>caa, 'the tongue,' and 
 itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. Glosson'cua 
 injlaminato' rius, Angi'na lingua'ria seu lingua'- 
 lis, Lijlamina'tio LingucB, Inflammation of the 
 tongue, (F.) Liflammation de la Langue. When 
 confined to the mucous membrane, it is of slight 
 importance. That which affects the whole of the 
 tongue is a serious disease, and requires the vigo- 
 rous use of antiphlogistics. It is rare. 
 
 GLOSSOC'ACE, from yXiaaaa, 'the tongue,' and 
 KaKoi, 'evil.' Ulceration of the tongue, with 
 symptoms of adynamic fever. 
 
 GLOSSOCARCINO'MA, Glossoscir'rhus, Car- 
 cino'ma Lingua, from y\tii(Tua, ' the tongue,' and 
 KapKivoifxa, 'cancer.' Cancer of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOCAT'OCHUS, Glossocat'oche, from 
 yXuio-o-a, ' the tongue,' and Karelia, ' I arrest.' Lin- 
 gum Deten'tor, Spec'ulum Oris, (F.) Abaisseur de 
 la langue. An instrument, the invention of which 
 is attributed to Paulus of ^gina, and which was 
 employed to depress the tongue, in order to exa- 
 mine diseases of the fauces. It was composed 
 of two branches ; one of which had, at its extre- 
 mity, a plate for depressing the tongue ; whilst 
 the other, shaped like a horse-shoe, was applied 
 under the chin. The finger, or the handle of a 
 spoon, or a spatula, is now alone used in similar 
 cases. See Catagoglossum. 
 
 GLOSSOCE'LE, from yXwtraa, 'the tongue,' 
 and Kri\r], ' hernia,' ' tumour.' Hernia of the 
 Tongue, Paraglos'se, Prola}}' sus lingu(B, Glosso- 
 megis'tus, Glossopto'sis. Projection of the tongue 
 from the moutli. It depends, generally, on an 
 inflammatory swelling of the organ. At times, 
 however, a chronic glossocele, or sort of cedema- 
 tous engorgement, is met with ; which proceeds 
 to a great length, and deforms the dental arches, 
 the lips, &c. Inflammatory glossocele must be 
 combated by antiphlogistics. In the oedematous 
 kind, such as is sometimes caused by excessive 
 salivation, the infiltrated fluid may be pressed 
 back by the hand of the practitioner, to get the 
 tongue behind the teeth ; and it may be kept 
 there by a piece of gauze tied over the mouth. 
 The chronic, elongated kind sometimes requires 
 amputation of a portion of the organ. 
 
 GLOSSOCOMA, Glossospasmus. 
 
 GLOSSOC'OMON, Glossoc'omum, Glossocomi'- 
 on, from yXuo-o-a, 'the tongue,' and kjieivo, 'to 
 guard.' The ancients gave this name to a small 
 case for holding the tongues of their wind-instru- 
 ments. By extension, it was applied to the box 
 or cradle in which fractured limbs were kept. We 
 find, in the ancient writers, a Glossocomon of Hip- 
 pocrates, of Nymphodorus, Galen, &c. 
 
 GLOSSODESMUS, Frsenum linguaj. 
 
 GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TICUS. That which be- 
 longs to the tongue and epiglottis. Some anato- 
 mists have so denominated certain fleshy fibres, 
 which pass from the base of the tongue towards 
 the epiglottis. These muscles are more evident 
 in some of the mainmalia than in man ; and their 
 use seems to be, — to i-aise the epiglottis, and to 
 remove it farther from the glottis. Santorini, 
 who described them after Eustachius, calls them 
 Retracto'res Epiglot'tidis. 
 
 GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC LIG'AMENTS, 
 Frcena epiglot'tidis. Three folds of mucous mem- 
 brane, which connect the anterior surface of the 
 epiglottis with the root of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOG'RAPHY, (?to«so£r/-a'ju/im, from yXu»- 
 era, ' the tongue,' and ypaiprj, ' a description.' An 
 anatomical descriptioa of the tongue. 
 
GLOSSO-HYAL 
 
 410 
 
 GLUTEAL 
 
 GLOSSO-HTAL. A name given, by Geoffrey 
 Baint-Hilaire, to the posterior cornua of the os 
 hyoides. 
 
 GLOSSOL'OGT, Glussolog" ia, from yKiiiaaa, 
 ' the tongue/ tind Xoyos, ' a treatise,' ' a discourse.' 
 A treatise ojithe tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOL'YSIS, Ghseople'gia, Paral'ysis lin- 
 giiCB, P. Neroi hypoglossi, from yKuiaaa, 'the 
 tongue,' and Xuuis, 'solution.' Paralysis of the 
 tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOMANTI'A, Progno'sia ex lingud, from 
 yXcixrcra, ' the tongue,' and jxavrtia, ' divination.' 
 Prognosis from the state of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOMEGISTUS, Glossocele, Paraglosse. 
 
 GLOSSON'CUS, from yiD\a<!a, 'the tongue,' and 
 oyKog, ' tumour.' Exonco'sia lingua. Swelling 
 of the tongue. 
 
 Glossonccts Inflammatorius, Glossitis. 
 
 GLOSSO-PALATINUS, Glosso-staphylinus— 
 g. Pharyngeal, Pharyngo-glossal. 
 
 GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL,Glosso-pharyngeus 
 — g. p. Nerve, Pharyngo-glossal nerve. 
 
 GLOSSO-PHARYNGEUS, Glosso-pharyngeal, 
 from yXa)(T(7a, 'the tongue,' and ipapvyl, 'the pha- 
 rynx.' Belonging to the tongue and pharynx. 
 Some anatomists thus designate certain fleshy 
 bundles, vrhich arise from the lateral parts of the 
 base of the tongue, and are inserted into the pa- 
 rietes of the pharynx. They form part of the 
 constrictor pharyngis superior. 
 
 GLOSSOPLEGIA, Glossolysis. 
 
 GLOSSOPTOSIS, Glossocele. 
 
 GLOSSOSCIRRHUS, Glossocarcinoma. 
 
 GLOSSOSCOP'IA, from yXaxrtra, 'the tongue,' 
 and (7K077£a), ' I view.' Inspection of the tongue 
 as an index of disease. 
 
 GLOSSOSPAS'MUS, Glossoco'ma, Spasmvs 
 lin'gum, from yXuo-o-a, ' the tongue,' and ciraa/xos, 
 ' spasm.' Cramp or spasm of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOSPA'THA, Spat'ula pro ore, from 
 yXioffcra, ' the tongue,' and a-aadri, ' spatula.' A 
 spatula for pressing down the tongue to enable 
 the fauces to be examined. 
 
 GLOSSO-STAPHYLI'NUS, from yXco^cra, 'the 
 tongue,' and ora^uX)?, 'the uvula.' Glossopalati' - 
 nu8, Pala'to-glossus, Constric' tor lathmi Fau' ciwn. 
 A small, thin, narrow, and long muscle, which 
 arises from the base of the tongue, and is insert- 
 ed at the inferior and lateral part of the velum 
 palati, in the anterior pillar of which it is situate. 
 Its use is to contract the isthmus faucium, by de- 
 pressing the venum palati, and raising the base 
 of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOSTERE'SIS, LingucB extirpa'tio, from 
 yXdjo-ffa, 'the tongue,' and aTcptiais, 'privation.' 
 Extirpation of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOSTROPH'IA, from yXuff^a, 'tongue,' 
 and (rTpe<p(i), ' I turn.' Doubling of the point of 
 the tongue upwards and backwards, — said to 
 have been a mode of suicide. (?) 
 
 GLOSSOT'OMY, Glossotom'ia, from yXacaa, 
 ' the tongue,' and riftvetv, ' to cut.' Dissection of 
 the tongue. Amputation of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSYPERTROPH'IA, from yXwtrira, 'the 
 tongue,' 'vTTcp, 'over,' and Tpc<j}Etv, 'to nourish.' 
 Hypertrophy or supernutrition of the tongue. 
 " GLOTTA, Glossa, Tongue. 
 
 GLOTTIS, y\o)TTi;, (also, the mouth-piece of a 
 flute,') Lig'ida. A small oblong aperture, in the la- 
 rynx, comprised between the chordce vocalcs. It is 
 narrow, anteriorly; wider, posteriorly; and is ca- 
 pable of being modified by muscular contraction, 
 as may bo required by the voice. It is by the 
 chordae Tocales, that voice is produced. The 
 
 glottis is nearly an inch long in the adult male: 
 less in the female and child. 
 
 Glottis is, by some, used synonymously with 
 ventricle of the larynx : with others, it includes 
 the whole of the larynx. 
 
 Glottis, Lips op the, Thyreo-arj'tenoid liga- 
 ments. 
 
 GLOUGLOU B'UNE BOUTEILLE, Gurg- 
 ling. 
 
 GL UTER ON, Arctium Lappa— ^. Petit, Xan- 
 tbium. 
 
 GLOUTIUS, Gluteal— g. Maximus et extimus. 
 Gluteus maximus — g. Secundus et medius, Gln- 
 taeus medius — g. Tertius et intimus, GlutiEUS mi- 
 nimus. 
 
 GLOUTON, Glutton. 
 
 GLOW WORM, Cicindela. 
 
 GLUANT, Glutinous. 
 
 GLUCOSE, from yXu/cuj, 'sweet.' Grape mtgar. 
 Fruit sugar, Starch sugar, Diabetic svgar, Honey 
 sugar. A variety of sugar, that occurs naturally 
 in many vegetable juices, and in honey. Com- 
 pared with cane sugar, it is much less soluble in 
 water, and less disposed to crystallise ; and, when 
 injected into the blood-vessels, does not pass off 
 to the like extent by the kidneys. 
 
 GLUCOSURIA, Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 GLUE BONE, Osteocolla. 
 
 GLUE FISH, Ichthyocolla. 
 
 GLUTEUS MAGNUS, G. major — g. Major, 
 G. Maximus. 
 
 GltjTjE'us Max'imus, Gluta'us major, Maxi- 
 vnis et ex'timus glou'tivs, G. magniis, Ilio-sacro- 
 femoral; Sacro-femoral, (Ch.,) (F.) Muscle grand 
 fessier. This muscle is situate at the posterior 
 part of the pelvis, and at the upper and posterior 
 part of the thigh. It is large, thick, and quadri- 
 lateral; and is attached, a&ojie, to the posterior part 
 of the crista ilii, to the part of the ilium com- 
 prised between the crista and the upper curved 
 line, to the posterior surface of the sacrum, coo- 
 cyx, and great sacro-sciatic ligament ; and below, 
 it terminates by a broad aponeurosis, which is 
 inserted into the rugged surface that descends 
 from the trochanter major to the linea aspera of 
 the femur. This muscle extends the thigh on the 
 pelvis, and rotates the thigh outwards. It ia 
 greatly concerned in station and progression. 
 
 Glut^'us Me'dius, Glou'tiiia Secun'duset Me'- 
 dius, (F.) Pio-trochanterien : Grand Pio-troclian- 
 terien, (Ch.,) Moyen Fessier. This muscle is si- 
 tuate in part beneath the preceding ; it is broad, 
 very thick, radiated, and triangular; attached, 
 above, to the crista ilii, and to the part of the 
 outer surface of that bone comprised between the 
 three anterior fourths of its crista, its upper 
 curved line, and its lower ; and below, it ends by 
 a tendon, inserted at the upper edge of the great 
 trochanter. It is an abductor of the thigh : but 
 can turn the thigh outwards or inwards, accord- 
 ing as its posterior or inferior fibres are thrown 
 separately into contraction. 
 
 Glut^'us Muf'muSfGlutcB'vs minor, Bio-iscTiii- 
 trochanterien, Tcr'tins et Jn'timua Glou'tius (F.) 
 Petit Fessier; — Petit Pio-trochanterien (Ch.) 
 This muscle, which is situate beneath the preced- 
 ing, is flat, triangular, and with radiated fibres. 
 It is attached, above, to the external surface of 
 the OS ilii, from the inferior curved line to the 
 acetabulum; and, below, is inserted into the an- 
 terior part of the great trochanter. It has the 
 same uses as the preceding. 
 
 Glut/kus Minor, G. minimus. 
 
 GLU'TEAL, Glou'tius, Gluta'ua, from yXovros, 
 'the nates,' or 'buttocks.' (F.) Fessier. Thnt 
 which belongs or relates to the nates. This name 
 has been given to many parts which compose the 
 nates. 
 
GLUTEN 
 
 411 
 
 GOACONAX 
 
 Gluteal Aponeurosis. The upper and back 
 part of the femoral fascia. In it is a remarkable 
 opening, called the gluteal arch, for the passage 
 of the gluteal vessels and nerves. 
 
 Gluteal Arch, see Gluteal aponeurosis. 
 
 Gluteal Artery, Poste'rior Il'iac Artery, 
 (F.) Artere fessiere, is one of the largest branches 
 of the hypogastric. It makes its exit from the 
 pelvis at the iipper part of the superior sciatic 
 foramen ; gains the posterior part of the pelvis, 
 and divides into two branches; — the one super- 
 ficial, the other deep-seated. The last subdivides 
 into three secondary branches, whose ramifica- 
 tions are disti-ibuted particularly to the Glutaf, 
 Longissimus Dorsi, Sacro-lumhalis, &c., and anas- 
 tomose with the sciatic and internal circumflex 
 arteries. 
 
 Gluteal Nerve, (F.) Nerf Fessier, is a large 
 branch, furnished by the 5th pair of lumbar 
 nerves. It is chiefly distributed to the glutsei 
 muscles. 
 
 Gluteal Vein, (F.) Veine fessiere, follows the 
 same march as the artery of the same name. 
 
 GLUTEN, Glu'tinum, Lentor, 'glue, paste.' 
 Veg"etahle Gluten, Veg"etable Ca'sein. An im- 
 mediate principle of vegetables. It is soft, of a 
 grayish white, viscid consistence, and very elastic. 
 Exposed to the air, it becomes hard, brown, and 
 fragile; and, in moist air, putrefies. Water and 
 alcohol do not dissolve it. It is soluble in vege- 
 table, and in weak mineral acids, at a high tem- 
 perature. The farinse, in which it is found, are 
 those preferred for the preparation of bread ; on 
 account of the property it has of making the 
 paste rise. It is a compound of protein, and 
 hence has been ranged amongst the " proteina- 
 ceous alimentary p)rinci2}lea" by Dr. Pereira. By 
 washing wheaten dough with a stream of water, 
 the gum, sugar, starch and vegetable albumens 
 are removed : the ductile, tenacious, elastic, gray 
 mass left is the gluten, common gluten, Becearia's 
 gluten. Pure gluten is the soluble portion on 
 boiling common gluten in alcohol. 
 
 Gluten Articulorum, Synovia — g. Becearia's, 
 see Gluten — g. Bread, see Bread, gluten — g. 
 Common, see Gluten — g. Pure, see Gluten. 
 
 GLUTI, Nates. 
 
 GLUTIA, Nates, Quadrigemina corporp 
 
 GLUTINANS, Agglutinant. 
 
 GLUTINATIF, Agglutinant. 
 
 GLUTINATIO, Agglutination. 
 
 GLUTINEUX, Glutinous. 
 
 GLU'TINOUS, Glutino'sus, CoUo'des, from 
 gluten, 'paste, glue.' (F.) Glutineux, Gluant. 
 An epithet given to substances taken from the 
 animal or vegetable kingdom, and endowed with 
 unusual viscidity. The decoctions of marsh- 
 mallows, and figs, and the jelly of hartshorn, are 
 said to be glutinous. 
 
 GLUTINUM, Gluten. 
 
 GLUTOI, Nates. 
 
 GLUTTON, same etymon as the next. Gas- 
 trimar'gus, Hel'luo, Mando, Gulo'sus, Lurco, (F.) 
 Glouton, Gourvrand, Goidu. An excessive eater. 
 
 GLUT'TONY, from glntio, ' I swallow,' glutttia, 
 'the gullet.' Limo'sis Helluo'num, Gastris'mtis, 
 (F.) Gourmandise. Excessive appetite, owing 
 often to habitual indulgence. 
 
 GLUTTUS, (Esophagus. 
 
 GLUTUS, Trochanter major. 
 
 GLYCANSIS, Edulcoration. 
 
 GLYCAS'MA, from y\vKv{, 'sweet.' A sweet 
 wine, prepared from must. — Linden. 
 
 GLYCERATON, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 GLYCERIN, see Fat. 
 
 GLl^CIPICROS, Solanum dulcamara. 
 vJLYCISIDE, PEeonia. 
 
 GLYCYPHYTON, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 GLYCYRRHI'ZA, from yXuKuf, 'sweet,' and 
 pi^a, 'a root.' Glycyrrlii'za Glabra seu Lcsvis, 
 Liquorit"ia Scyth'ica, Glycera'ton, Glyeyph'ytort, 
 Liq'uorice, Lic'oriee, Adip'sos, Alcacas, Al'imos, 
 (F.) Reglisse. Ord. LeguminosEe. Sex. Syst. 
 Diadelphia Decandria. The root of this southern 
 European plant is inodorous ; has a sweet taste ; 
 is mucilaginous ; and leaves, when unpeeled, a 
 degree of bitterness in the mouth. It is used as 
 a demulcent, and chiefly in catarrh. The extract, 
 made from it and sold in the shops, is known 
 under the name Spanish Liquorice or Liquorice 
 Juice, (F.) Jus de Reglisse. 
 
 Pectoral Balsam of Liquorice — a quack prepa- 
 ration — is said by Dr. Paris to consist chiefly of 
 Paregoric Elixi^Cj strongly impregnated with Oil 
 of Aniseed. 
 
 GLYCYRRHCE'A, from y\vKv?, 'sweet,' and 
 p£(i), 'I flow.' A discharge of saccharine fluid 
 from the system. 
 
 Gltcyrrhoea Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 GLYSTER HERBS, Herha pro Enem'ate. 
 The herbs ordinarily sold by the English apothe- 
 cary under this title, are: — tnallow leaies, one 
 part; chamomile flowers, ouQ part, (^iss to Oj 
 of water.) 
 
 GNAMPSIS, Curvature. 
 
 GNAPHALIUM DIOICUM, Antennaria 
 dioica. 
 
 Gnaphalium Margarita'ceum; Cudiceed, Life 
 everlasting. An indigenous plant, growing in 
 woods and fields, and flowering in August. Its 
 virtues are not defined, and the same may be 
 said of 
 
 Gnaphalium Poltceph'alum; Sioeet-scented 
 Life everlasting. 
 
 GNATHALGIA, Neuralgia maxillaris. 
 
 GNATHANCYLO'SIS, from yvado;, 'the jaw,' 
 a,nd ayKv'Xuxn;, 'stiffness of joint.' Ancylosis of 
 the lower jaw. 
 
 GNATHI'TIS, Inflamma'tio genm, from yvaQo;, 
 'the cheek, the jaw.' Inflammation of the cheek 
 or upper jaw. 
 
 GNATHMUS, Gnathus. 
 
 GNATHOCEPH'ALUS, from yvaBo?, 'the jaw,' 
 and Ke(pa\>], 'head.' A monster who has no head 
 visible externally, but exhibits voluminous jaws. 
 — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 GNATHOCYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidaa. 
 
 GNATHONEURALGIA, Neuralgia maxU- 
 laris. 
 
 GNATHOPLAS'TICE, from yvaOo^, 'cheek,' 
 and rAaoTiA-of, 'formative.' The formation of an 
 artificial cheek. 
 
 GNATHOPLE'GIA, Gnathoparal'ysis, from 
 yvaBos, and n\riyi], ' a stroke.' Paralysis of the 
 cheek. Gnathoparalysis is employed by Fuehs 
 to signify paralysis of the lesser portion of the 
 trifacial nerve, which supplies the muscles of 
 mastication. 
 
 GNATHORRHAG"IA, from yvaOog, and 'pvy- 
 vvfii, ' to burst forth.' Hemorrhage from the in- 
 ternal surface of the cheeks. 
 
 GNATHOSPASMUS, Trismus. 
 
 GNATHUS, Gnathmus, from Kvaw, ' I scrape, 
 rub.' The cheek, ihe jatc. Also, the part of tho 
 jaws in which the teeth are fixed. — Hippociates, 
 Foesius. See Bucca, Gena, and Maxillary Bone. 
 
 GNESIOS, Legitimate. 
 
 GNOME, Intellect. 
 
 GNOSIS, yvuo-tf, 'knowledge.' A common 
 suflSx, as in Diagno' sis, Progno' sis, &,c. 
 
 GOACONAX, «ee Toluifera balsamum. 
 
GOATS' BEARD 
 
 412 
 
 GOMPHOSIS 
 
 GOATS' BEARD, COMMON, Tragopogon. 
 
 GOATS' MILK, see Milk, goats' — g. Milk, 
 artificial, see Milk, goats' — g. Thorn, Astragalus 
 verus. , ^ 
 
 GO BE LET EMETIQUE, Goblet, emetic. 
 
 GOBLET, EMETIC, Poo'ulum emet'icum, Ca- 
 lix vomito'ria, (F.) Gobelet imStique. A vessel, 
 made by pouring melted antimony into a mould. 
 By putting wine into this and ai^<5wing it to stand 
 some time, it acquires the property of producing 
 vomiting. This kind of emetic has been long 
 rejected, as the practitioner could never be certain 
 of the dose he exhibited. 
 
 GODESBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters at Godesberg, a German mile from 
 Bonn, are an efficacious, acidulous chalybeate, 
 formerly known by the name, Draitach Water. 
 They contain chloride of sodium, carbonate of 
 soda, carbonate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, 
 and carbonate of iron. 
 
 GODFREY'S COR'DIAL. A celebrated nos- 
 trum, for which Di\ Paris has given the following 
 formula. Infuse ^ix of sassafras and of the seeds 
 of carraway, coriander, and anise, each ^j, in 
 six pints of icater. Simmer the mixture until re- 
 duced to Ibiv : then add Ibvj of treacle, and boil 
 the whole for a few minutes. When cold, add 
 §iij of tincture of opium. The following form is 
 recommended by a committee of the Philadelphia 
 college of Pharmacy. Tinct. Opii, Oiss ; Syrupi 
 Nigri, Oxvj ; AlcohoUs, Oij ; Aquae, Oxxvj ; Gar- 
 bonatis Potassce,'^iiss ; Olei Sassafras, f^iv, M. 
 It is anodyne. ^ 
 
 GODRONNE, (Canal,) Cana'lis Petitia'nus, 
 Couronne ciliaire. Canal de Petit, Canal gou- 
 dronne. Canal or Bul'lular Canal of Petit. Petit 
 gave this name (from (F.) godron, 'a plait or 
 fold,') to the semicircular canal, formed by the 
 tunica hyaloidea around the edge of the crystal- 
 line ; because it appears, as it were, plaited or 
 festooned. 
 
 GOGGLE-EYE, Strabismus. 
 
 GOITRE, Bronchocele — g. Leaf, see Lami- 
 naria. 
 
 GOITRE STICKS. In South America the 
 stems of a seaweed are so called, because they 
 are chewed by the inhabitants where goitre pre- 
 vails. — Royle. 
 
 GOIT'ROUS, (F.) Goitreux. Relating or ap- 
 pertaining to goitre. One affected by Goitre or 
 Bronchocele, — Goitred. 
 
 GOLD, Aurum, Ohrysos, Sol, Rex metallo'rum, 
 (F.) Or. A solid, yellow, very brilliant, hard, 
 very ductile, malleable, tenacious, and heavy 
 metal ; found in nature, either in its native state, 
 or combined with a little silver, copper, or iron. 
 6. g. 19-25. 
 
 Muriate of Gold, Chloride of Gold, Auri Chlo'- 
 ridum, A. Terchlo' ridum, A. Mu'rias, A. Chloru- 
 re'tum, Aurum Muriat'icum,A.CMora'tum, A. Oxy- 
 dida'tum muriat'icum, A. Sali'tum, (F.) Cklorure 
 d'or, Muriate d'or, Hydro-chlorate d'or has been 
 admitted into the Pharmacopeia of the United 
 States, and into that of Paris, &c. The formulae, 
 however, differ. That of the United States is a 
 muriate with two bases ; and is prepared, accor- 
 ding to the form of Dr. Chrestien, by dissolving 
 the gold in a mixtu""; of nitric and muriatic acids, 
 and adding chloriae of sodium to the residuum 
 after evaporation ; then redissolving and evapo- 
 rating slowly to dryness. The Parisian formula 
 for the Muriate d'or, Murias seu Chlorure'tum 
 Auri, consists in simply dissolving the gold in 
 the acids, and evaporating to dryness. It has 
 been recommended as an antisyphilitic in old, re- 
 bellious, venereal affections, exostoses, and in ve- 
 nereal, scrofulous or cancerous glandular enlarge- 
 ments. 1/ose, gr. l-8th to gr. ss, rubbed on the 
 
 tongue or gums. Internally, one-sixteentJi of a 
 grain, in pill. 
 
 Various other preparations, as the Cy'anide or 
 Tercy'anide, {Auri Cyan'idum, A. Cyanure'tum, 
 A. Tercyan'idum, (F.) Cyanure d'or;) the metal- 
 lic gold in a state of division (Aurum metal'lievm, 
 Pulvis Auri, (F.) Or divise,) obtained by amal- 
 gamating gold with mercury and driving the 
 latter off by heat; and in the form of filings [An- 
 rum lima' turn; the Chloride of Gold and Sodium, 
 (Aurum muriat'icum natrona'tum, A. muriat'icum, 
 A. chlora'tum natro'natum, Chlore'tum Au'ricum 
 Chlore'to na'trii, Mu'rias Au'rico-na'tricvm, 
 Chlorure'tum auri et iiatrii, So'dii auro-terchlo' - 
 ridum, Hydrochlorate or muriate of Gold and 
 Soda, (F.) Chlorure d'or et de Sodium, Hydro- 
 chlorate ou muriate d'or et de Sonde; the Nitro- 
 muriate of Gold, (Aurum Nitrico-muriat'icum, 
 Auri nitromu'rias, (F.) Nitromuriate d'or;) the 
 Oxide of Gold, (Auri Ox'idum, Aurum Oxida'- 
 tum, Auri terox'idum, Perox'ide of gold. Auric 
 acid, (F.) Oxide d'or); and the Iodide of Gold, 
 (Attri lo'didum, A. lodure'tum, (F.) lodure d'or,) 
 have been employed in the like affections, and 
 with similar results. 
 
 Gold-Beater's Skin. The intestina recta of 
 the ox, which have been beaten quite smooth, for 
 the manufacture of gold leaf. Used as a defen- 
 sive dressing for slight cuts, &c. 
 
 Gold, Chloride of, see Gold — g. Cyanide of, 
 see Gold — g. Hydrochlorate of, see Gold — g. Io- 
 dide of, see Gold — g. Muriate of, see Gold — g. 
 Nitro-muriate of, see Gold — g. Oxide of, see Gold 
 — g. Peroxide of, see Gold — g. Tercyanide of, see 
 Gold — g. and Sodium, Chloride of oxide of, see 
 Gold — g. and Soda, hydrochlorate of, see Gold — 
 g. and Soda, muriate of, see Gold. 
 
 GoLB Leap, Aurum folia' turn, Aurum'in liheV- 
 lis. Used to gild pills and to plug carious teeth. 
 
 Gold Thread, Coptis. 
 
 GOLDEN ROD, Solidago virgaurea — g. r. 
 Rigid, Solidago rigida — g. Seal, see Calumba, 
 Hydrastis Canadensis. 
 
 GOLDENS, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
 
 GOLDWASSER, see Spirit. 
 
 GOLFE, Sinus — g. de la Veine jugulaire, see 
 Jugular veins. 
 
 GOLTJNCHA, Menispermum cordifolium. 
 
 GOMME, Gumma, Gummi — g. Adragant, Tra- 
 gacanth — g. Ammoniaque, Ammoniac gum—^-g. 
 Arabique, Acacise gummi — g. Astringente de 
 Gamhie, see Butea frondosa — g. Caragne, Ca- 
 ranna — g. Carane, Caranna — g. de Ga'iac, Guaia- 
 cum — g. Gutte, Cambogia — g. de Lierre, see Ile- 
 dera helix — g. du Pays, Gummi nostras — g. Se- 
 raphique, Sagapenum. 
 
 GOMPHI'ASIS, Gomphias'mus, from yo/Kpo;, 
 'a, nail.' A disease of the teeth, and particularly of 
 the molares; looseness of the teeth in their sockets. 
 Agomphia'sis. Pain in the teeth. Odontalgia. 
 
 GOMPHIASMUS, Gomphiasis. 
 
 GOMPHIOI, Molar teeth. 
 
 GOMPHOCAR'PUS CRISPUS. A South 
 African plant, the root of which, formerly known 
 to the Dutch apothecaries as Radix Asclepiadis 
 crispce, is extremely bitter and acrid; and, on 
 account of its diuretic virtues, a decoction or in- 
 fusion of it has been advised in various kinds of 
 dropsy. A tincture of it is said to be valuable 
 in colic. 
 
 GOMPHOMA, Gomphosis. 
 
 GOMPHO'SIS, Cardinamen'tum, Clava'tio, 
 Gompho'ma, Coagmenta'tio, Inclava'tio, from yo/x- 
 0of, ' a nail.' Engompho'sis. An immovable ar- 
 ticulation, in which one bone is received into 
 another, like a nail or peg into its hole. Gom- 
 phosis is only met with in the articulations of the 
 
GOMPHUS 
 
 413 
 
 GOXORRH(EA 
 
 teeth with the alveoli. It is, also, called Articu- 
 lation par implantation. 
 
 GOMPHUS, Clavus. 
 
 GONACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 GONACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 GON'AGRA, Gon'yafira, from yovv, 'the knee,' 
 and aypa, 'a prey.' " That which attacks the knees." 
 Gout in the knees. Paracelsus calls it Gen'ugra. 
 
 GONAL'GIA, from yovv, 'the knee,' and aXyog, 
 'nain.' Pain in the knee. Gonyal'qia. This is 
 almost always produced by gout. It may, how- 
 ever, depend on some other disease, either of the 
 knee or of another part — particularly of the hip- 
 joint. 
 
 GONARTHRI'TIS, from yovv, 'the knee,' 
 apOpov, 'joint,' and itia, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the knee-joint. 
 
 GONARTHROCACE, Gonocace. 
 
 GONAURA, see Sperm. 
 
 GONDOLE 00 UL AIRE, ^caphium oeulare. 
 
 GONDRBT'S AMMONIACAL CAUSTIC, 
 Pommade de Gondret — g. Counter-irritant, Pom- 
 made de_ Gondret. 
 
 GONE, Gonos, Genitu'ra. The semen; (hence, 
 gonorrhoea) — the uterus, offspring. Hippocrates. 
 See Epigone and Generation. 
 
 GONECYSTIDES, Vesiculse seminales. 
 
 GONECYSTI'TIS, Infiamma'tio vesicula'rum 
 semina'liiim, from yovrj, 'sperm,' kvuti;, 'bladder,' 
 and itis, ' denoting inflammation.' Inflammation 
 of the vesiculfe seminales. 
 
 GONEPOEUS, Spermatopoeus. 
 
 GONEPOIETICUS, Spermatopoeus. 
 
 G0NFLE3IENT, Swelling. 
 
 GONGRONA, Bronchocele. 
 
 GONGROPHTHISIS, Pthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 GONGYLIDIUM, Pilula. 
 
 GONGYLION, Pilula. 
 
 GONGYLIS, Pilula. 
 
 GONIOM'ETER, Goniom'etrum ; from ymta, 
 ' an angle,' and ficrpov, ' a measure.' An instru- 
 ment for measuring angles. 
 
 A ' Facial Goniometer' has been invented by 
 Mr. Turnpenny, of Philadelphia, which is well 
 adapted for measuring the facial angle. 
 
 GONOBOLIA, Ejaculation, spermatic. 
 
 GONOCACE, Gonarthroc'ace, from yovv, 'the 
 knee,' and kukos, ' evil.' Tumor genu albus. 
 White swelling of the knee. Hydrarthus. 
 
 GONOCELE, Spermatocele. 
 
 GONOi'DES, from yovr,, 'seed,' and etSog, 'ap- 
 pearance.' Genitu'rcB sini'ilis. Similar to sperm. 
 Sperni'atoid, Spermatoi'des, Spermato'dea. A term 
 appropriated to any substance which resembles 
 sperm. 
 
 GONOPOIETICUS, Spermatopoeus. 
 
 GONORRHEE BATARBE, Gonorrhoea 
 spuria. 
 
 GONORRHCE'A. Erroneously called from 
 yovri, 'sperm,' and pew, 'I flow,' because the older 
 writers believed it to be a flux of semen. Blen- 
 norrhag"ia, Blennorrhce' a, Blennure'thria, Phnl- 
 lorrlioi'a, Medorrhae'a, 31. viri'Iis, Catar'rhus Go- 
 norrhoe'a, G. vre'thrce, Urethri'tis, Injlamma'tio 
 xire'thrm, Urethral' gia, Proflu'vium muco'simi 
 nre'thrcB, Blennorrhw'a nrethra'lis, Catarrhua ure- 
 thra'lis, (P.) Eeoulement, UrSthrite, Urf.trite. An 
 inflammatory discharge of mucus from the mem- 
 brane of the urethra in both sexes ; and from that 
 of the prepuce in man, and the vagina in woman. 
 It may be excited spontaneously, or by irritants 
 applied directly to the membrane ; but is, usually, 
 produced by impure connexion. Two great va- 
 rieties have been generally reckoned. — 1. Gonok- 
 RHCBA PuRA TEL Benig'na. That which does 
 Dot follow an impure connexion ; (F.) Echauffe- 
 
 ment, Blennorrhag " ia henigna, Caulorrhoe'a 
 benig'na, Catar'rhus Ure'thrm, Gonorrhce'a ca- 
 tarrha'lis, G. non contagio'sa : — and 2. Gonor- 
 RHCEA liSPv'RA.,malig' na, contagio'sa, syphilit'ica, 
 et virulen'ta ; Flnnr albus nialig'nua, Fluxns ve- 
 ne'reim, Blennorrhoe'a luo'des, My.rio'sis, Lues 
 gonorrho'ica, Scroph'idae gonorrho'iccB, Ttiber'- 
 cula gonorrho'ica. Clap, (F.) Chaudepisse ; that 
 which is the result of impure commerce. The 
 French, also, distinguish the Chaudepisse seche, 
 or that unaccompanied with discharge ; and the 
 Chaudepisse chordee, Gonnorrhcea corda'ta, or 
 that accompanied with chordee, and which, of 
 course, occurs only in the male. It is the kind 
 that most frequently engages the attention of 
 the practitioner, and is characterized by mucous 
 discharge from the urethra or vagina, intermixed 
 with specific matter, and accompanied by burn.- 
 ing pain on micturition. It is decidedly infec- 
 tious. It is, however, a distinct disease from 
 syphilis, and never produces it. Its duration is 
 various, but the inflammatory symptoms usually 
 subside in four or five weeks ; leaving generally 
 behind more or less of the gonorrhoea mucosa or 
 gleet. Gonorrhoea of every kind, attended with 
 any inflammatory symptoms, is best treated by 
 the antiphlogistic regimen ; avoiding every kind 
 of irritation, and keeping the body cool by small 
 doses of salts, and the urine diluted by the mild- 
 est fluids. After the inflammatory symptoms 
 have subsided, eubebs, or the balsam of copaiba, 
 exhibited in the dose of a teaspoonful, three times 
 a day, will be found efiectual : indeed, during the 
 existence of the inflammatory symptoms, it often 
 afi'ords decided relief. Injections are rarely re- 
 quired. 
 
 Sometimes, gonorrhoea afi"ects the glans ; when 
 it is called Gonorrhiea Spu'ria, G. Bal'ani, Ba- 
 lanoblennorrhoe'a, Balannorrhoe' a, Balani'tis, 
 Blennorrhag" ia spu'ria vel notha, (F.) Blennor- 
 rhagie du gland, GonorrhSe hdtarde, Fausse Blen- 
 norrhagie. It requires only cleanliness and cool- 
 ing lotions. 
 
 Some other varieties of gonorrhoea have been 
 enumerated, but they are of little moment. 
 
 In consequence of repeated attacks of gonor- 
 rho3a, or of the debility induced by a single at- 
 tack, it not unfrequently happens, as already re- 
 marked, that a constant, small discharge occurs, 
 or remains behind, after all danger of infection 
 is removed. The great difference between it and 
 gonorrhoea is, that it is uninfectious. The dis- 
 charge consists of globular particles, contained 
 in a slimy mucus, and is generally devoid of that 
 yellow colour which characterizes the discharge 
 of gonorrhoea yinilenta. It is unattended with 
 pain; scalding, &c. To this state the names 
 Gleet, Gonorrhce'a muco'sa, Blennorrhoe'a chron'- 
 iea, Blennorrhoe'a, &c., have been given. It is 
 commonly a disease of some duration, and de- 
 mands the use of the copaiba, astringent injec- 
 tions; and, if obstinate, the introduction of the 
 bougie. 
 
 GoNORRH(EA Balani, G. Spuria ^g. Benigna, 
 Leucorrhoea — g. Catarrhalis, G. pura — g. Chor- 
 data, Chordee. 
 
 GoNORRHCEA Dormien'tium, G. Oneirog'onos. 
 The seminal discharge which occurs during sleep, 
 and is occasioned by libidinous dreams. See Pol- 
 lution. 
 
 GoNORRHffiA „^xo'rum, 6V vibidino'sa, Sper- 
 morrhos'a aton'iea, consists of a pellucid discharge 
 from the urethra, whilst awake, without erection 
 of the penis, but with venereal thoughts. 
 
 GoNOERHCEA Laxorum, Pollution, G. libidinosa 
 — g. Mucosa, (gleet,) see Gonorrhoea — g. Noncon- 
 tagiosa, G. pura — g. Notha inveterata. Leuow- 
 
GONOS 
 
 4U 
 
 GOUT 
 
 rlioea — g. Oneirogonos, G. dormientium, Pollu- 
 tion — g. Vera, Pollution, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 GONOS, Gone. 
 
 GONOSTROMA, Proligerous disc. 
 * GONY, yoi/v, Genu, 'the knee;' hence: 
 
 GONYAGP.A, Gonagra. 
 
 GONYALGIA, Gonalgia. 
 
 GONYC'ROTUS, from yow, 'the knee,' and 
 KooTeu), ' I strike.' One who is knock-kneed, or 
 in-kneed. See Entogonyancon. 
 
 GONYON'CUS, from yow, 'the knee,' and 
 oyKOi, ' a tumour.' A swelling of the knee. 
 
 GOODYE'RA PUBES'CENS, Tussa'ca reti- 
 eula'ta, Satyr'ium, Neott'ia, Rattlesnahe leaf, 
 Battlesnake Plantain, Networt, Netleaf, Scrofula 
 weed. An indigenous plant, used empirically in 
 scrofula — the fresh leaves being applied to the 
 sores. It is employed by the Indians. 
 
 GOOSBFOOT, Chenopodium anthelminticum 
 . — g. Angular-leaved, Chenopodium bonus Hen- 
 rieus — g. Stinking, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 GOOSEGRASS, Galium aparine, G. verum. 
 
 GOOSESHARE, Galium aparine. 
 
 GOOSESKIN, Horrida cutis. 
 
 GORDIUS MEDINENSIS, Draeunculus. 
 
 GORGE, Throat — g. Grosse, Bronchocele — g. 
 Mai cle, Cj'nanche. 
 
 GOB GEE JET, Gorget — gr. LHhotome, Gorget, 
 lithotomy — g. d JRepoussoir, see Gorget. 
 
 GORGET, from (F.) ^orfire, 'the throat.' Ca- 
 na'lis canalicula'tus, Ductor canalicula'tus, (F.) 
 Gorgeret. An instrument representing a long 
 gutter, in the shape of a throat, which is espe- 
 cially emploj'ed in the operations of lithotomy 
 and fistula in aHO. 
 
 GoKGET, Cutting, see Gorget, and Lithotomy. 
 
 Gorget, Lituot'omy, (F.) Gorgeret Lithotome, 
 Cutting Gorget, is the one used in the operation 
 for the stone, for the purpose of dividing the 
 prostate and the neck of the bladder, so as to 
 enable the surgeon to introduce the forceps and 
 extract the stone. At the end of this gorget is a 
 crest or beak, which fits the groove of the staff, 
 and admits of the gorget being passed along it 
 into the bladder. Besides cutting, there are also 
 hlunt gorgets, intended to be introduced into the 
 wound — their concavity semiring as a guide for 
 the forceps into the bladder. 
 
 The chief modifications in the gorget have been 
 made by Andouillet, Bell, Blicke, Bromfield, Cline, 
 Desault, Foubert, Hawkins, Larrey, Lefevre, Mi- 
 chaelis, Thomas, &c. 
 
 GoBGET FOR FisTULA IN Ano consists of a 
 semi-cylindrical wooden staff, four inches long, 
 without including the handle, and furnished with 
 a wide groove. This is introduced into the rec- 
 tum, to prevent the point of the bistoury from 
 injuring the intestine, when the internal orifice 
 of the fistula is deeply situate, and it is desirable 
 to perform the operation by incision. This in- 
 gtniment, invented by Marchettis, has been mo- 
 dified by Percy, Runge, <fcc. 
 
 Desault invented an instrument for conducting 
 the wire by the anus, in the operation for fistula 
 by ligature. He called it Gorgeret oi repoussoir. 
 GORGO'NEI FONTES. Fountains described 
 \>y Libavius as containing water which possessed 
 a petrifying property; probably, water holding 
 in solution supercarbonate of lime. 
 GORGOSSET, Pyrosis. 
 GOSIER, Pharynx, Throat. 
 . GOSSUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 GOSSYP'IUM, Goasyp'tum Herha'ceum ; Gos- 
 np'ion Xylon, Xylam, Bomhax, Cotton, (F.) Co- 
 ton. Family, MalvacetB. Sex. Syat. Monadel- 
 phia Polyaudria, The seeds of the Cotton Tree, 
 Gosaip'ium arbor'eum, have been administered in 
 
 coughs, on account of the mucilage they contain. 
 The cotton wool is used in medicine for making 
 moxas, &c. 
 
 GOTIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 GOUDRON, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 GOUET, Arum maculatum. 
 
 GOVETRE, Bronchocele. 
 
 GOULARD'S LOTION, see Lotion, Goulard's. 
 
 GouLAHD "Water, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
 dilutus. 
 
 GOULU, Glutton. 
 
 GOUPiD, Cucurbita — g. Bitter, Cucumis colo- 
 cynthis — g. Bottle, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 GOURD "WORM, Distoma hepaticum. 
 
 GOURMANDISE, Gluttony. 
 
 GOURME, Porrigo larvaUs. Vulgarly, in 
 France, any cutaneous eruption. 
 
 GOUSSE, Legumen. 
 
 GOUT, Arthri'tis, ArtTi'ragra, Arthral'gia, 
 Ilorbus domino'rnm. Malum articulo'rum. Morbus 
 articula'ris, Gutta, Arthro'aia Pod'agra, PodaV - 
 gia, Pod'agra, Arthrit'icus verus, Arthri'tis Po- 
 dagra, Podagra Arthri'tis, Flux'io arthrit'icu, 
 Febris arthrit'ica, F. Podag'rica, Arthrodyn'ia 
 podag'rica, Cauma podag'ricum, Flereein, Gas- 
 tro-arihri'tis, Misopto'ehos, (F.) Goutte. The 
 gout was formerly regarded as a catarrh, and re- 
 ceived its name from (F.) goutte, (L.) gutta, 'a 
 drop ;' because it was believed to be produced by 
 a liquid, which distilled, goutte d. goutte, ' drop 
 by drop, on the diseased part. This name, which 
 seems to have been first used about the year 
 1270, has been admitted into the different lan- 
 guages of Europe. Gout is an inflammation of 
 the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the jointF. 
 It almost always attacks, first, the great toe ; 
 whence it passes to the other smaller joints, after 
 having produced, or been attended with, various 
 sympathetic effects, particularly in the digestive 
 organs : after this, it may attack the greater ar- 
 ticulations. It is an affection which is extremely 
 fugitive, and variable in its recurrence. It may 
 be acquired or hereditary. In the former case, it 
 rarely appears before the age of thirty-five ; in 
 the latter, it is frequently observed earlier. It is 
 often difficult to distinguish it from rheumatism. 
 A combination is, indeed, supposed to exist some- 
 times ; hence called iiAe«niaf!c lyowf. During the 
 paroxysm or fit, a burning, lancinating pain is 
 experienced in the affected joint, attended with 
 tumefaction, tension, and redness. One or more 
 joints may be attacked, either at the same time 
 or in succession ; and, in either case, the attack 
 terminaies by resolution in a few days. This is 
 the Arthri'tis acu'ta, inflanimato' ria vel regula'- 
 ris, Regidar gout, Arthro'sia pod'agra regula'ris, 
 Arth'ragra legit'ima seu vera seu genui'na seu 
 norma'lis, (F.) Goutte reguliere chaude. At other 
 times, pains in the joints exist, of more or less 
 acute character ; the swelling being without red- 
 ness. These pains persist, augment, and diminish 
 irregularly, without exhibiting intermission, and, 
 consequently, without having distinct paroxysms. 
 The disease is then called aton'ic, asthen'ic, im~ 
 perfect or irregular gout. Chronic G., Arthri'tit 
 aton'iea vel astlien'ica, Arthro'sia Podagra lar- 
 va' ta, Dysarthri'tis. It is, also, commonly called 
 in France Goutte froide, Goutte blanche. It may 
 appear primarily, or succeed attacks of regular 
 gout. 
 
 Gout does not always confine itself to the jointi'. 
 It may attack the internal organs : when it is 
 called Arthritis aber'rans seu errat'ica seu ptu- 
 net'ica, Arth'ragra anom'ala, Pod'agra aber'rane, 
 
 Vare'ni, Wandering, misplaced, ox anomalous goiU, 
 (F.) Goutte vague. 
 
 Ret'rograde gout. Arthritis retrog'rada. Poda- 
 gra retrog'rada, Arthro'aia Podagra coniplica'tct, 
 
GOUT 
 
 415 
 
 GRANULATION 
 
 Rece'dent, nuspla'ced gout, (F.) Govtte remontee, 
 G. malplacee, G. rentree, is when it leaves the 
 joints suddenly and attacks some internal organ, 
 as the stomach, intestines, lungs, brain, &c. 
 
 Gout is also called, according to the part it 
 may affect, Podagra, Gonagra, Chiragra, &o. 
 It may be acute or chronic, and may give rise to 
 ooneretions, which are chiefly composed of urate 
 of soda. See Calculus, (arthritic.) It may, also, 
 give occasion to nodosities, when it is called Ai-- 
 thrith nodo'sa, (F.) Goutte nouee. 
 
 The treatment is of the antiphlogistic kind, 
 and the local disorder should be but little inter- 
 fered with. Colchicum seems to have great power 
 aver the disease. It forms the basis of the Eau 
 medintiale d'Husson, a celebrated French gout- 
 remedy. The bowels must be kept regular by 
 rhubarb and magnesia; and a recurrence of the 
 disease be prevented by abstemious habits. 
 
 Gout, Diaphragmatic, Angina pectoris. 
 
 Gout, Paper, so called, Charta, antiarthrit'ica, 
 Charta antirheumat' ica, is made by spreading a 
 very thin layer of a mixture of an ethereal or 
 epirituous extract of the bark of mezereon root, 
 vrith wax, spermaceti, and oil, over the surface 
 of paper. 
 
 Gout, Rheumatic, see Rheumatism, acute — g. 
 Weed, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 
 GOUT, Taste. 
 
 GOUTTE, Gout, Gutta — ^. Blanclie, Gouf 
 (atonic) — g. Froide, Gout (atonic) — g. Malplacee, 
 Gout (retrograde) — g. Nouee, Gout (with nodosi- 
 ties) — g. Regxdiere, chaude. Gout (regular) — g, 
 Remontee, Gout (retrograde) — g. Rentree, Gout 
 (retrograde) — g. Rose, Gutta rosea — g. Sciatique, 
 Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea — g. Sereiue, Amauro- 
 sis — g. Vaque, Gout (wandering.) 
 
 GOUTTEUX, Arthritic, Podagric. 
 
 GOUTTIERE (F.), ColUc"ia. A gutter in a 
 bone, like that used for carrying off rain. Some 
 af these cavities are intended to facilitate the 
 sliding of tendons, such as the Gouttiere Bicipi- 
 tale or Ricip'ital groove. Others, as the Gout- 
 tiere sagittale or Sagittal grooi^e, lodge blood- 
 vessels and especially veins. Others, again, are 
 merely intended for the support of certain organs; 
 £ks the Gouttiere basilaire or Ras'ilari/ fossa, yvhich 
 (Bupports the medulla oblongata. 
 
 GOUTTIERE BASILAIRE, see Gouttiere— 
 g, Bieipitale, Bicipital groove — g. Lacrymale, 
 Lachrymal groove — g. Sucre, Sacral groove — 
 g. Sagittale, see Gouttiere. 
 
 GOUTY RHEUMATISM, see Rheumatism, 
 acute. 
 
 GOUVERNAIL BU TESTIGULE, Guber- 
 naculum testis. 
 
 GOWLAND'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gow- 
 land's. 
 
 GOWN, RED, Strophulus— g. Yellow, Icterus 
 infantum. 
 
 GRAGILARIA LICHENOIDES, Fucus amy- 
 laceus. 
 
 GRACILIS, Macer, Macilen'tua. Slender, 
 lean. Also, the slender Rectus inte'rior fem'oris 
 give Grac"ilis interior, Sous-puhio-creti-tihial, 
 Sous-puhio-pretibial (Ch.), Droit ou grele interyie 
 d-e la cuisse. This muscle is situate at the inside 
 of the thigh. It is thin and very -long; and 
 arises from the descending ramus of the pubis, 
 to be inserted at the inner and inferior part of 
 the tuberosity of the tibia. It bends the leg and 
 causes abduction of the thigh. See Grele. 
 
 Gracilis, Anterior, Rectus femoris. 
 
 GPoAD'UATE, Gradua'tus, from gradus, 'a 
 step,' ' a degree.' In medicine, one who has at- 
 tained a degree, evidenced by a diploma — usually, 
 the degree of doctor. 
 
 GR^A, ypaia. The pellicle, which forms on 
 
 milk. The folds of skin round the umbilicas. An 
 old woman. 
 
 GRAIN, Granum ; the 60th part of a Troy, 
 and the 72d part of a Poids de marc drachm. 
 
 Grain, Oily, Sesamum orientale. 
 
 GRAINE B'EGARLATE, Coccus cacti — j/. 
 Muse, Hibiscus abelmoschus — g. de Turquie, Zea 
 mays — g. d' Aspic, see Phalaris Canariensis — 17. 
 de Paradis, Amomum granum paradisi — g. de 
 Perroquet, Carthamus tinctorius (seed) — g. de 
 Sante, see Pilulse aloes et kinse kinee. 
 
 GRAISSE, Pinguede — g. de Mouton, Sevnm 
 — g. d'Oie, Adeps anserina — g. Oxygenee, Un- 
 guentum acidi nitrosi — g. de Pore, Adeps pr»- 
 parata. 
 
 GRAMEN ^GYPTIACUM, G. Crucis cypc- 
 rioidis — g. Caninum, Triticum repens. 
 
 Gramen Crucis Cyperioi'dis, Grawen JEgyp- 
 tiacum, ^gyp'tian Cock's foot grass. The roots 
 and plants possess the virtues of the Triticum 
 repens, and have been recommended in the ear- 
 lier stages of dropsy. They were, formerly, con- 
 sidered to possess many other properties. 
 
 Gramen Dioscoridis, Triticum repens — g. Ma- 
 jor, SarsaparillaGermanica — g. Orientale, Juncua 
 odoratus — g. Repens, Triticum repens — g. Ru- 
 brum, Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
 
 GRAMIA, CHASSIE, Lippitudo. 
 
 GRAMINIVOROUS, Graminiv'orus, from gra 
 men, 'grass,' and voro, 'I eat.' Feeding or sub 
 sisting on gra,gs. 
 
 GRAMMARIUM, Scruple. 
 
 GRAMME, ypanfiri. An ancient weight, equi- 
 valent to the 24th part of an ounce, or to 24 
 grains, or a scruple, avoirdupois. At the present 
 day, the gramme is equal in weight to a cubed 
 centimetre of water; or to 18 grains, poids de 
 marc — 15.434 grains, Troy. 
 
 Gramme, Iris, Line. 
 
 GRAN A, Hemicrania — g. Molucca, Croton 
 tiglium — g. Moschi, Hibiscus abelmoschus — g. 
 Orientis, see M^j^ispermum cocculus — g. Tiglii 
 seu Tiglia, see Croton tiglium — g. Tilii, Croton 
 tiglium. 
 
 GRANADILLA, APPLE-SHAPED, Passifio- 
 ra maliformis. 
 
 GRANATI RADICIS CORTEX, see Punica 
 granatum. 
 
 GRAND DORSAL, Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 GRANDEB'AL^. The hair which grows in 
 the arm-pits. 
 
 GRANDINOSUM OS, Cuboid. 
 
 GRANDO, Chalaza. 
 
 GRANDULA, Gland. 
 
 GRANIVOROUS, Gramv'orus, from granum, 
 'a grain,' and voro, '1 eat.' Feeding or subsist- 
 ing on grain or seeds. 
 
 GRANTRISTUM, Anthrax. 
 
 GRANULA SEMINIS, see Sperm. 
 
 GRANULAR DEGENERATION or DISOR- 
 GANIZATION OF THE KIDNEY, Kidney, 
 Bright's disease of the — g. Conjunctiva, Trachoma 
 — g. Eyelid, Trachoma — g. Liver, Cirrhosis — g. 
 Tin, see Tin. 
 
 GRANULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis. 
 
 GRANULA'TION, Granula'tio, from granum, 
 'a grain.' Gemma, (F.) Bourgeon, B. charnu. 
 Granulations are the reddish, conical, flesh-like 
 shoots, which form at the surface of suppurating 
 wounds and ulcers. They are the product of in- 
 flammatory excitement, and may be produced 
 in indolent ulcers, by exciting the parts by pro~ 
 per stimulants. They form the basis of the ci- 
 catrix. 
 
 Granulation is, likewise, a name given by 
 the modern French physicians to an organic 
 
GRANULATIONS 
 
 416 
 
 GRAVIDITAS 
 
 legion, consisting in the formation of small, round, 
 firm, shining, semi-transparent tumours, of the 
 size and shape of millet-seed, or of a pea; ■which 
 are met with in the lungs particularly, and in 
 considerable quantity ; often without materially 
 interfering with their functions. 
 
 In pharmacy, granulation is a process by which 
 a metal is reduced to fine grains, by melting it, 
 and causing it, whilst liquid, to pass through a 
 kind of sieve into a vessel of water, — as in the 
 making of shot : — or by shaking or rubbing the 
 melted metal in an appropriate box or vessel, — 
 as in the formation of granular tin or granulated 
 zinc. ^ ^ 
 
 GRANULATIONS CEREBRALES, Glan- 
 dule Pacchioni. 
 
 Gkanula'tions Mil'iaby, or Ililiary tu'her- 
 cles, are the small, transparent grains, of varia- 
 able size, from that of a millet-seed to that of a 
 grain of hemp, which are presumed to be the 
 primitive state of tubercles. 
 
 GRAN'ULE, Gran'ulum; diminutive of gra- 
 nttm, 'a. grain.' A small grain; a small compact 
 particle ; a cy toblast. 
 
 Gran'ules Sem'inal, Gran'ida sem'ims. Mi- 
 nute, rounded, granulated bodies, observable in 
 the semen, which are, in all cases, much less 
 numerous than the spermatozoids. See Sperm. 
 
 GRANVILLE'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gran- 
 vilie's counter-irritant. 
 
 GRAPE, see Vitis vinifera — g. Sea-side, see 
 Kino. 
 
 Grape-Cuee, (F.) Cure chi raishi, (G.) Trau- 
 b en cur. A mode of medication in Germany, 
 which consists in the use of the grape for both 
 meat and drink ; nothing more at the farthest 
 being allowed than a piece of dry bread. This 
 diet is continued for weeks. Its effects are alto- 
 gether revellent, and resemble in many respects 
 those of hydropathy. 
 
 Grapes, Dried, Uvse passas. 
 GRAPHIDOIDES, Styloid. 
 GRAPHIODES, Styloid. 
 GRAPHIOIDES, Styloid. 
 GRAPHIS'CUS, Graphis'cm Di'oclis. An in- 
 strument invented by Diodes for extracting darts. 
 It is described by Celsus. 
 
 GRAPHI'TES, Plumba'go, Supercarhure'tum 
 Ferri, Carhure'tum Ferri, Ferri Carhona' turn, F. 
 Supercarbure'tum, Carbo minera'lis, Galene'a, 
 Gale'ue, Carburet of iron, Black lead, Wad, (F.) 
 Crayon noir, Plombagine. This substance has 
 been esteemed slightly astringent and desicea- 
 tive. It has been advised by Weinhold in the 
 cure of herpes. 
 
 GRAPHOIDES, Styloid. 
 GRAPHOSPASMUS, Cramp, writers'. 
 GRAS BES CADAVRES, Adipocire — jr. de 
 Jambe, Sura — g. des Cimetieres, Adipocire — g. de 
 Jambe, Sura. 
 
 GRAS FONDURE (F.), Biarrhce'a adipo'sa, 
 literally, molten grease. A species of diarrhoea, 
 referred to by old writers ; accompanied with great 
 emaciation, and in which the evacuations contain 
 fat-like matter. According to Sauvages, the Graa- 
 fondure differs from colliquative diarrhoea in not 
 being attended with hectic fever. 
 
 GPiASS, Asparagus — g. Bitter, Aletris farinosa 
 — g. Blue-eyed, fiisyrinchium Bermudianum — g. 
 Drome, Bromus ciliatus — g. Brome, soft, Bromus 
 jiliatus — g. Canary, cultivated, Phalaris Canari- 
 ensis — g. Couch, Triticum repens — g. Dog, Triti- 
 eum ripens — g. Egyptian cock's foot, Gramon 
 OTucis cyperioides — g. Goat's, Scorzoncra — g. 
 Knot, Polygonum aviculare — g. Lily, Sisyrin- 
 chium Bermudianum — g. Physic, Sisyrinchium 
 Bermudianum — g. Scurvy, Sisyrinchium Bermu- 
 
 dianum — g. Sweet, Acorus Calamus — g. Vipers', 
 Scorzonera — g. Yellow-eyed, Xyris bulbosa. 
 
 GRASSET, (F.) The anterior region of the 
 thigh, bounded below by the patella. 
 
 GRASSEYE3IENT (F.), Somts blastts, Rotn- 
 cis'mus, from {'F.)graa, 'thick.' 'Speaking thick.' 
 According to Sauvages, a vicious pronunciation 
 of the letter r. They who speak thick, like the 
 Inhabitants of Newcastle, in England, or of Havre, 
 in France, have difiBculty in pronouncing the r, 
 and they frequently substitute for it the letter ? ; 
 but this does not properly constitute Grasseye- 
 inent. It consists in this : that, in words in 
 which the letter r is joined to another consonant, 
 a sort of burring or guttural rolling is heard, 
 nearly like that produced by gargling. See Ro- 
 tacism. 
 
 GRASUS, Cinabra. 
 
 GRATELLE, Psoriasis. 
 
 GRATIA DEI, Gratiola officinalis. 
 
 GRATIOLA CENTAURIODES, G. officinalis, 
 
 Gratio'la Officina'lis, Digita'lis min'ima, 
 Gra'tia Bei, Gratiola Centawioidea, Hedge hys- 
 sop), Herb of Grace. It is a native of the South 
 of Europe. (F.) Herbe au pauvre liomme. The 
 plant is inodorous ; taste strong, bitter, nauseous. 
 It is possessed of anthelmintic, purgative, emetic, 
 and diuretic properties. Dose, ten grains. 
 
 GRATTERON, Galium aparine. 
 
 GRATTOIR, Raspatorium. 
 
 GRAVATIF, Heavy. 
 
 GRAVE, Serious — g. Plant, Datura sanguinea. 
 
 GRAVEDO, Catarrh, Coryza^ — g. Neonatorum, 
 Snuffles. 
 
 GRAVEL, Lith'ia rena'lis areno'sa, Lithi'asis 
 nephrit'ica, L, rena'lis, (F.) Gravelle. A disease 
 occasioned by small concretions, similar to sand 
 or gravel, Gla'rea, (F.) Gravier, which form in 
 the kidneys, pass along the ureters to the blad- 
 der, and are expelled with the urine. These con- 
 cretions, which are commonly composed of uric 
 acid and an animal matter, are deposited at the 
 bottom of the vessel, immediately after the excre- 
 tion of the urine; and, by their hardness and 
 resistance under the finger, differ considerably 
 from the ordinary sediment of that liquid. A 
 vegetable diet and alkaline drinks are the best 
 prophylactics. See Calculi, Urinary. A ft of 
 the Gravel, Nephralgia calcido'sa sen areno'sa, 
 Co'lica nephrit'ica, is the excruciating suffering 
 induced by the passage of gravel from the kidney 
 to the bladder. It can only be relieved by anaes- 
 thetics, opiates, the warm bath, &c. 
 
 When the deposit is in fine particles, it is 
 termed Sand, Are'na, Are'ntda, Psam'ma, Psam- 
 mus. 
 
 Gravel Grass, Galium verum. 
 
 Gravel, Pileous or Hairy, (F.) Gravelle pi- 
 leuse. A species of gravel containing hairs, phos- 
 phate of lime, ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate, 
 and a little uric acid. — Magendie. 
 
 GRAVELEUX, Calculous. 
 
 GRAVELLE, Chalaza, Gravel — g-. Piletuie, 
 Gravel, pileous. 
 
 GRAVEOLENS, Fetid. 
 
 GRAVID, Pregnant. 
 
 GRAV'IDINE; from gravid us, 'pregnant,' 
 gravis, 'heavy.' A sediment in the urine of 
 pregnant women, which by its decomposition 
 gives rise to the pellicle kyestein. It differs from 
 albumen, casein and gelatin. — Stark, 
 
 GRAVIDITAS, Fecundation, Pregnancy — g. 
 Abdominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Extra- 
 uterina, see Pregnancy — g. Extra-uterina in Ova- 
 rio. Pregnancy, ovarian — g. Extra-uterina Se- 
 cundaria, Metacyesis — g. Interstitialis, Preg- 
 nancy, interstitial — g. Molaris, Mole — g. Spuri.a, 
 
GEA VIER 
 
 417 
 
 GROUND BERRY 
 
 Pregnancy, false — g. Tubaria, Salpingo-cyesis — 
 g. Uteri substantia, Pregnancy, interstitial — g. 
 Uterina, Pregnancy. 
 
 GRA VIER. Gravel. 
 
 GRAVIMETER, Areometer. 
 
 GRAVIS, Heavy. 
 
 GRAVITY, SPECIF'IC, Gravitaa si^eeiflca, 
 (E.) Pesanteur S2}ecijlque. The relation between 
 the weight of a body and its bulk ; thus, suppos- 
 ing four bodies to be of the same size, but to 
 ■weigh, one four, another three, another two, and 
 the fourth one ,• the specific gravity of the first 
 will be four times greater than that of the last. 
 The specific gravities of different bodies are, 
 therefore, as the weights, bulk for bulk. For 
 solids, and liquids, water is taken as the unit; 
 atmospheric air for the gases. Thus, water is 
 1.000 J mercury at the common temperature, 
 13.58. Whence, we conclude mercury is between 
 thirteen and fourteen times heavier than water. 
 
 GRAY MATTER OF THE BRAIN, Cortex 
 cerebri, see Neurine. 
 
 GREASE, from (F.) Graisse, 'fat.' A specific 
 inflammation, affecting the skin of the heels of 
 the horse, which is especially interesting from 
 the circumstance, that the matter, if inserted 
 under the cuticle of an unprotected individual, 
 may give rise to an affection — yrease-pox, vari- 
 olcB equina — which preserves the person from 
 small-pox. (?) 
 
 Gkease, Barroav's, Adeps suilla — g. Goose, 
 Adeps anserina — g. Molten, Gras-fondure — g. 
 Pox, see Grease. 
 
 GREENHEART, see Bebeeru. 
 
 GREENHOW'S TINCTURE FOR THE 
 TEETH, Spiritus armoracise compositus. 
 
 GREEN SICKNESS, Chlorosis. 
 
 GREENWEED, Genista tinctoria. 
 
 GR&LE {^.),Grac"ilis, 'long and thin.' This 
 epithet is given by the French to various parts, 
 as the 
 
 Apophyse Grele du Martenu, the slender apioph'- 
 ysis or process of the mal'leus, a long process 
 situate at the anterior part of the neck of the 
 malleus, which passes out by the fissure of Gla- 
 serius. It is also called the ApopJi' ijsis of Ran, 
 although it was already known to Fabricius ab 
 Aquapendente and to CEecilius Follius. 
 
 GRELE, Chalaza — g. Interne de la Cuisse, 
 Gracilis. 
 
 GREMIL OFFICINALE, Lithospermum offi- 
 
 GREMIUM, Vulva. 
 
 GRENADE, Influenza. 
 
 GRENADIER, Puniea granatum. 
 
 GRENADIN, see Puniea granatum. 
 
 GRENIERS, Vesiculffi seminales. 
 
 GRENOUILLE, Rana esculeuta. 
 
 GRENOUILLETTE, Ranula. 
 
 GREOULX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Sul- 
 phuretted springs in the department of Basses- 
 Alpes, France. 
 
 GRESSURA, Perineeum. 
 
 GRESSUS, Walking. 
 
 GREVEURE, Hernia. 
 
 GRIELUM, Apium petroselinum, Smyrnium 
 oiusatrum. 
 
 GRIFF, see Mulatto. 
 
 GRIFFO, see Mulatto. 
 
 GRINOEMENT DES DENTS, Brygmus. 
 
 GRINDERS, Molar teeth — g. Asthma, see 
 Asthma, grinders' — g. Rot, Asthma, grinders'. 
 
 GRINDING MILL, see Pulverization. 
 
 GRIPES, Tormina, Colic. 
 
 Gripes, Watery. A popular name for a dan- 
 gerous disease of infancy, common in England, 
 27 
 
 which does not differ essentially from the cholera 
 infantum of this country. 
 
 GRIPHOSIS, Onyehogryphosis. 
 
 GRIPPE (F.), from gripper, 'to gripe,' 'catch 
 hold of.' A vulgar name for several catarrhal 
 diseases, which have reigned epidemically; as 
 the influenza. 
 
 GRIPPE, Pinched. 
 
 GRITS, Groats, (Sax.) S)?icca; (G.) Gries, 
 'gravel, grits.' 
 
 GRIT GRUEL, Water gruel. This is made 
 as follows : — Take three ounces oi grits ; wash 
 them well in cold water, and, having poured off 
 the fluid, put them into four pints of fresh water, 
 and boil slowly until the water is reduced one- 
 half; then strain through a sieve. It is a good 
 demulcent, and is employed also as a vehicle for 
 clysters. 
 
 GROAN, see Suspirium. 
 
 GROATS, German Gr-utze; Gritfnm, Ave'na 
 excortica'ta ; (F.) Gruau, Oatmeal, (Yorhshire.) 
 Oats, hulled, butunground, [Lancashire.) Hulled 
 oats, half ground. Oats that have the hulls taken 
 off; Grits. When crushed, they are termed 
 Emhden groats. In America, fine hominy is called 
 Grits, and wheat prepared in the same way ia 
 likewise so designated. It is also called wheaten 
 hominy. 
 
 Groats, Cracow, Semolina. 
 
 GROG-BLOSSOMS, Gutta rosea. 
 
 GROG-ROSES, Gutta rosea. 
 
 GROMWELL, Lithospermum officinale. 
 
 GROOVE, Furrow, Sulcus, (F.) Rainure. Ice- 
 landic, grafa, Sax. jvaJTan, ' to dig.' A channel 
 or gutter, in a bone or surgical instrument. See 
 Coxdisse. 
 
 Grooye, Primitive, Primitive strealc or trace, 
 Nota 2)rimiti'va. A bright streak in the long 
 axis of the pellucid part of the area germinativa, 
 after it presents a central pellucid and a periphe- 
 ral opake part, and passes from the round to the 
 pear shape. 
 
 GROOVED. Same etymon. Sidea'fus, Stria'- 
 tus, Canalioida'tus, (F.) Gannele ou Canele ou 
 Canalicxde ; Canalieulated. Having a small chan- 
 nel or gutter. 
 
 GROS, Drachm — g. Cou, Bronchocele. 
 
 GROSEILLIER NOIR, Ribes nigrum — (/. 
 Rouge, Ribes rubrum. 
 
 GROSSE GORGE, Bronchocele. 
 
 GROSSESSE, Pregnancy- gr. Abdominale, 
 Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Afoetale, Pregnancj', 
 afcetal — g. Bigeminale, Pregnancy, bigeminal — 
 g. Complexe, Pregnancy, complex — g. Composic, 
 Pregnancy, compound — g. Co ntre -nature, Preg- 
 nancy, extra-uterine — g. Faiisse ou apparcnte. 
 Pregnancy, false — g. Fcetale, Pregnancy, foetal — 
 g. Gazo-hysterique, Pregnancy, gazo-hysteric — 
 g. Hemato-hysterique, Pregnancy, hemato-hyste- 
 Tia—g. Hydro-hysterique, Pregnancy, hydro-hys- 
 teric — g. Inter-extra-uterine, Pregnancy, com- 
 plex— g-. Ocarienne, Pregnancy, ovarial — g. Sar- 
 co-hysterique. Pregnancy, sarco-hysteric — g. Sar- 
 cofcetale, Pregnancy, sarcofoetal — g. Simple, Preg- 
 nancy, solitary — g. Solitaire, Pregnancy, solitary 
 — g. Trigeininale, Pregnancy, trigeminal — g. 
 Trip)le, Pregnancy, trigeminal — g, Tuhaire, Preg- 
 nancy, tubal — g. Utero-abdominale, Pregnancy, 
 utero-abdominal — g. Utero-ovarienne, Pregnancy, 
 utero-ovarian — g. Uiero-tubaire, Pregnancy, ute- 
 ro-tubal. 
 
 GROSSULARIA NIGRA, Ribes nigrum- g. 
 Non spinosa, Ribes nigrum — g. Rubra, Ribes 
 rubrum. 
 
 GROUILLEMENT D'ENTRAILLES, Bor- 
 borygmus. 
 
 GROUND BERRY, Gaultheria — g. Holljr, 
 
GROUNDSEL 
 
 418 
 
 GUMMA 
 
 Gaulthoria — g. Ivy, Gaultheria — g. Nut, Arachis 
 hypogea, Pignut — g. Pine, Teucrium chamsepitys 
 — g. p. French, Teucrium iva. 
 
 GROUNDSEL, Seneeio. 
 
 GROUSEBERRY, Gaultheria. 
 
 GROWTH, from Dutch groeyen, Orescentm, 
 Anaplo'sis, Anaptt/x'is, (P.) Croissance. The de- 
 velopment of the body ; particularly in the direc- 
 tion of its height. Also, any adventitious tissue; 
 thus, we speak of a morbid growth ov formation, 
 
 GRUAU, Groats. 
 
 GRUB, Larve, see Ectozoa. 
 
 GRUEL, GRIT, see Grits— g. Water, see Ave- 
 na, and Grits. 
 
 GRUFF, from Teutonic ge, and ruh, 'rough.' 
 In pharmacy, the coarse residue, which will not 
 pass through the sieve in pulverization, 
 
 GRU3fEAU, Coagulum. 
 
 GRUMOUS, Grumo'stis, from grumiis, 'a clot.' 
 Clotted. 
 
 GRUMUS, Coagulum. 
 
 GRUTUM. ' Groats.' Grutum Mil' turn, Mil'- 
 ium. A hard white tubercle of the skin, resem- 
 bling, in size and appearance, a millet-seed. It 
 is confined to the face. See, also. Groats. 
 
 GRYPH'IUS PES. The Griffon's foot, (F.) 
 Pied de Griffon. An insti'ument of which Am- 
 brose Pare speaks, which was used for extracting 
 moles from the uterus. 
 
 GRYPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis. 
 
 GRYPO'SIS, from ypuTrou, 'I incurvate.' In- 
 ciirva'tio. Curvature or crookedness in general. 
 Crookedness or incurvation of the nails. See 
 Onychogryposis. 
 
 GRYPOTES, see Grypus. 
 
 GRYPUS. One who has a crooked or aquiline 
 Bose. The condition is termed Gry'potes. 
 
 GUA'CO, Hxia'co. The name of a plant, Eu- 
 pato'riimi Guaco, described by Humboldt and 
 Bonpland under the name Mika'nia Guaco, which 
 grows in the valleys of Madalena, Rio-Cauca, 
 Ac, in South America. The negroes use the 
 juice against the bites of poisonous reptiles ; — 
 both in the way of prevention and cure. It has 
 been, of late, brought forward as a remedy in 
 cholera. 
 
 GUAIAC, see Guaiacum. 
 
 GUAIACI LIGNUM, see Guaiacum — g. Re- 
 sina, see Guaiacum. 
 
 GUAIACINB, see Guaiacum. 
 
 GUAI'ACUM, G. Officina'le ; G. America' nitm, 
 Lignum vitm, L. sanctum, L. henedic'tum, Paltts 
 BanctibS, Lignum In'dicum, Hagiox'ylum, (F.) 
 Gayac, Ga'iac. The resin — Guai'aci Resi'na, 
 Guai'ac, (F.) Resine ou Gomme de Ga'iac — and the 
 wood — Gaaiaci lignum — are both used in medi- 
 eine. Their odour is slightly fragrant; taste warm 
 and bitter, of the resin more so than of the wood. 
 The resin is concrete, brittle ; colour, externally, 
 greenish; internally grayish. Water dissolves 
 about one-tenth ; alcohol 95 parts. It is soluble, 
 also, in liquor jjotassce 15 parts, liquor ammonia 
 38 parts. The powder is whitish, but changes to 
 green in the air. The base of the guaiacum is a 
 peculiar resin, called Guaiacine. 
 
 Guaiacum is stimulant and diaphoretic; and 
 in large doses, purgative. It is administered in 
 chronic rheumatism, gout, cutaneous diseases, 
 and the seaueltC or sy]f)hilig. Dose of resin, gr. 
 y to XX . — CO purge, gr. xx to xl. 
 
 GUALTHERIA, Gaultheria. 
 
 GUANO, — according to Tschudi, properly 
 Runnu, — is formed of the excrements of different 
 kinds of marine birds — mews, divers, shecrbreaks, 
 k .., but especially of the Sula variega'ta. It is 
 Ciiund in enormous layers in the South American 
 islainU of the Pacific, and is used as manure. 
 
 GUARANA, Paullinia. 
 
 GUARAPO. A fermented liquor made, in 
 Peru, of sugar-cane pulp and water. It is a very 
 favourite beverage of the negroes. — Tschudi. 
 
 GUARD (for a bed,) Aleee. 
 
 GUARERBA ORBA, Momordiea elaterium. 
 
 GUAVA APPLE, Psidium pomiferum. 
 
 GUAYAVA, Psidium pomiferum. 
 
 GUBERNAC'ULUM DENTIS, {Guhernacu- 
 Ium, ' a rudder.') A cord, which passes from tho 
 follicle of the permanent tooth along a small long 
 canal behind the alveolus of the milk tooth, and 
 becomes continuoiis with the gum. The guber- 
 naculum has been supposed to direct the perma- 
 nent tooth outwards. The canal has been termed 
 Iter dentis. 
 
 GuBERNACULtTM TESTIS, G. t. Hunteri, Liga- 
 men'tum stispenso'rium Testin, (F.) Gouvcrnail du 
 testicule. A triangular, fibro-cellular cord ; which, 
 in the foetus, arises from the ramus of the ischium 
 and the skin of the scrotum, and proceeds to tho 
 posterior part of the testicle, before this organ 
 issues from the abdomen. It has been supposed 
 to be a continuation of the fascia superficialis 
 with muscular fibres from the internal oblique 
 muscle, which pass upwards to the testis when 
 in the abdomen; and by their contraction draw 
 the testis down, and ultimately form the cremaa- 
 ter muscle. 
 
 GV£PE, Wasp. 
 
 GUERISON, Cure. 
 
 GJJERISSABLE, Curable. 
 
 GUI, Viscum album. 
 
 GUILANDI'NA MORIN'GA, Hyperanthe'ra 
 moringa. A plant, which affords the Ren nut, 
 and the lignum nephriticum. It is also called 
 Morin'ga Oleif'eru seu Zeylan'ica seu Nux hen 
 seu Pterygosper'ma. The nut Ben, Glans vm- 
 guenta'ria, Ben Nux, Bal'anus 3Iyrep'sica, San'- 
 dalum caru'leum. Oily Acorn or Ben nut, is a 
 West India nut which furnishes an oil, O'leum 
 Balani'num, that does not become rancid by age, 
 and is hence used by perfumers. It is purgative. 
 
 The wood of the Guilandina is called Lignum 
 Nephrit' icum, and has been used in decoction, in 
 affections of the urinary organs. 
 
 GUIMAUVE, Althaea — g. Veloutee, Hibiscus 
 abelmoschus. 
 
 GULA, GJIsophagus, Pharynx. 
 
 GULiE IMBECILLITAS, Pharyngoplegia — 
 g. Principium, Pharynx. 
 
 GULLET, ffisophagus. 
 
 GULOSUS, Glutton. 
 
 GUM ANIME, Anime — g. Arabic, Acaciae 
 gummi — g. Bassora, Bassora gum — g. British, 
 Dextrin — g. Butea, see Butea frondosa — g. Ca- 
 ranna, Caranna — g. Dragon, Tragacantha — g. 
 Elastic, Caoutchouc — g. Falling away of the, 
 Ulatrophia — g. Hemlock, see Pinus Canadensis 
 — g. Indigenous, Gummi nostras — g. Juniper, 
 Sandarac — g. Orenburg, see Pinus larix — g. Red, 
 Strophulus — g. Resin, Gummi resina — g. Sanda- 
 raeh, Sandarac — g. Seneca, Acacise gummi — g. 
 Senega, Acaciae gummi — g. Shrinking of the, 
 Ulatrophia — g. Sweet, Liquidambar styraciflua — 
 g. Tragacanth, Tragacanth — g. Tree, broivn, see 
 Kino — g. White, Strophulus — g. Yellow, Icterus 
 infantum. 
 
 Gum-Lancet, Bentiscal'pium, Odontog'lyphon, 
 (F.) Dichausfioir. An instrument for separating 
 the gum from the cervix of the tooth, prior to 
 extraction. It is formed much like a fleam. The 
 operation itself is called Lancing the gimw, Den'- 
 tinm Kcalpta'ra, (P.) Dechaussemcnt. 
 
 GUMBOIL, Parulis. 
 
 GUMMA, (F.) Gomme. An elastic tumour, 
 formed in tho periosteum, occupying particularly 
 
tUMMI 
 
 419 
 
 GUTTA 
 
 the cranium and sternum, and produced by the 
 syphilitic vii-us, when it has been long in the con- 
 stitution. It is so called, because, when opened, 
 it contains a matter like gum. 
 
 GUMMI, Commi, koiijxi, (F.) Gomme. An im- 
 mediate principle of vegetables. It is a solid, 
 uncrystallizable, inodorous substance, of a mawk- 
 ish taste, unchangeable in the air, insoluble in 
 alcohol, but soluble in water, with which it forms 
 a mucilage. It is obtained from various species 
 of mimosa and primus; and consequently there 
 are many varieties of gum. They are used in 
 medicine as demulcents, emollients, and relax- 
 ants, particularly in catarrh, intestinal irritations, 
 &c. ; and in Pharmacy, they are employed in the 
 formation of emulsions, pills, &c. 
 
 GuiTMi AcACi.E Arabic^e, Acacifs gummi — g. 
 Aeanthinum, Acaciaj gummi — g. Adstringens Fo- 
 thergilli. Kino — g. Ammoniacum, Ammoniac — g. 
 Anime, Anime — g. Arabicum, Acaciaj gummi — g. 
 Astragali Tragacanthae, Tragacantha — g. Bogia, 
 Cambogia — g. Brelisis, Caranna — g. Copallinum, 
 Copal — g. Elasticum, Caoutchouc — g. Euphorbia;, 
 see Euphorbia ofiicinarum — g. Gamandrje, Cambo- 
 gia — g. Gambiense, Kino — g. de Goa, Cambogia — 
 g. Gutta, Cambogia — g. Heder«, see Hedera helix 
 — g. de Jemu, Cambogia — g. Juniperi, Sandarac 
 — g. LacciB, Lacca — g. Ladanum, see Cistus cre- 
 ticus — g. Lamac, Acaciae gummi — g. Laricis, see 
 Pinus larix— g. Leucum, Acacise gummi. 
 
 Gdjimi Nostras, (F.) Gomme du Pays ; Tndig"- 
 enous Gum. These generic names are given to 
 several species of gum, which flow spontaneously 
 from certain indigenous fruit trees, — such as the 
 almond, cherry, peach, apricot, etc. The indige- 
 nous gums have nearly the same properties as 
 gum Arabic ; but they are inferior to it. 
 
 GujiMi Orenburgense, see Pinus larix — g. Pa- 
 nacis, see Pastinaca opoponax — g. ad Podagram, 
 Cambogia. 
 
 Gumjii-ResinA, Gum-Resin. A milky juice, 
 obtained by making incisions into the branches, 
 stalks and roots of certain vegetables. Gum-re- 
 sins are compounds of resins, gum, essential oil, 
 and different other vegetable matters. They are 
 solid, opake, brittle, of a strong odour, acrid taste, 
 variable colour, and are heavier than water. 
 Water dissolves a part of them, and alcohol an- 
 other ; hence proof spirit is the proper menstruum. 
 The generality of the gum-resins are powerful 
 stimulants to the whole or to parts of the econo- 
 my. The chief are asafoetida, gum ammoniac, 
 exipliorhium, galbanum, camhoge, myrrh, olibanum, 
 opoponax, scammony, aloes, &c. 
 
 Gummi Rubruji Adstringens Gambiense, Ki- 
 no, see Butea Frondosa — g. Seneca, Senegal gum 
 — g. Senega, Senegal, gum — g. Senegalense, Se- 
 negal, gum — g. Senica, Senegal, gum — g. Sera- 
 pionis, Aeacips gummi — g. Thebaicum, Acacias 
 gummi — g. Tragacantha, Tragacantha — g. Ura- 
 lense, see Pinus larix. 
 
 GUMMIDODES, Mucilaginous. 
 
 GUMMIODES, MucUaginous. 
 
 GUMxMOSUS, Mucilaginous. 
 
 GUMS, Gingivae. 
 
 GUN-COTTON, see CoUodion — g. c. Ethereal 
 ■solution of. Collodion. 
 
 GUNJAH, see Bangue. 
 
 GUNNERA PERPEN'SA. A South Afri- 
 can plant, Nat. Ord. Urticaceae ; the decoction of 
 which is taken as a domestic remedy by the farm- 
 ers, as a tonic in dyspepsia. A tincture has been 
 used in gravel. An infusion of the leaves is de- 
 mulcent, and is employcdin pulmonary affections. 
 The leaves are applied fresh, to cure wounds and 
 dloers. 
 
 GURGITELLO, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A thermal spring in the isle of Ischia. Temp, at 
 its source, 176° Fah. It contains carbonic acid, 
 carbonates of lime, magnesia, iron and soda, sul- 
 phates of lime and soda, chloride of sodium and 
 sUica. 
 
 GURGLING. 'Gushing with noise,' as water 
 from a bottle. (F.) Gargouillement, same etymon 
 as gargle. The rhonchus or rale heard on aus- 
 cultation when there is a cavity in the lungs con- 
 taining pus. It is the 'cavernous rattle or rhon- 
 chus,' Pale caveruevx. The size of the bubbles 
 heard varies, and hence the rhonchus has been 
 called cavernous and cavern' ulons, (F.) Pale ca- 
 vernuleux. If the cavern be large, this rCde will 
 nearly resemble the gurgling of a bottle {glouglou 
 d'une houteille ;) if, on the contrary, the cavern 
 be small, it will not differ from the rale mu~ 
 qtieux. 
 
 GURGULIO, Penis, Uvula. 
 
 GUSTATIF, {Nerf,) see Lingual nerve. 
 
 GUSTATION, Degustation, Taste. 
 
 GUSTATORY NERVE, see Lingual Nerve. 
 
 GUSTUS, Taste — g. Depravatus, Parageustia. 
 
 GUT, Intestine — g. Blind, Cajcum. 
 
 GUTS, SLIPPERINESS OF THE, Lientery. 
 
 GUTTA, Apoplexy, Cambogia, Gout — g. Ga- 
 mandree, Cambogia — g. Gamba, Cambogia — g. 
 Opaca, Cataract. 
 
 Gutta. A Drop, Stalag'ma, Alun'sel, Siilla, 
 (F.) Goutte. A quantity of liquid, generally va- 
 lued, in pharmacy, at the weight of a grain. The 
 weight, however, varies according to different 
 circumstances, as the degree of tenacity of the 
 fluid, and the extent of moist surface to which the 
 suspended drop is attached before it falls ; and it 
 was found by Mr. Alsop to be influenced by the 
 size of the bottle, and the angle of inclination at 
 which it was held during the operation of drop- 
 ping. The following are some of his results as 
 to the number of drops required to measure a 
 fluidrachm, when dropped from a large and a small 
 bottle. 
 
 From a large From a small 
 bottle. bottle, 
 (f^j) Diluted sulphuric acid. . . .24 drops 84 drops 
 
 Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 35 70 
 
 Distilled water .31 54 
 
 Solution of ammonia 40. .... 48 
 
 Tincture of opium 84 135 
 
 Rectified spirits 100 130 
 
 Tincture of chloride of iron 100 150 
 
 Gutta Percha. The concrete juice of a tree 
 — Isonan'dra gutta — which is indigenous in Sing- 
 apore and its vicinity, and belongs to the Natural 
 order Sapotaceae. Plunged in boiling water it 
 softens, when it may be moulded like caoutch<;nc 
 to any form, which it retains on cooling. Splints 
 and other instruments have been made of it. 
 
 Gutta Rosacea Syphilitica, Crown of Venus. 
 
 Gutta Rosea, Gutta Eosa'cea, Ion' thus co- 
 rymh'ifer, Crusta serpigino'sa, 0. 'prurigino'sa, 
 Acne, rosa'cea, Pose'oln acno'sa, Thylacii'tis, Bac- 
 chia, Butiga, Carbuncled Face, Posy Prop or 
 WheUc, Copper-nose, Bottle-nose, Grog-blossoms, 
 Grog-roses, (F.) Couperose, Goutte Pose, Bour- 
 geons, Dartre pustuleuse couperose. An eruption 
 of small, suppurating tubercles, with shining red- 
 ness, and an irregular granular appearance of the 
 skin of the part of the face which is affected. 
 The redness commonly appears first at the end 
 of the nose, and then spreads on both sides. It 
 is often produced by hard drinking. Its cure 
 must be attempted by regular regimen, and cool. 
 
GUTT^ 
 
 420 
 
 GYRUS 
 
 ing means internally: weak spirituous or satur- 
 nine lotions externally. The affection is usually 
 very obstinate. 
 
 GuTTA Serena, Amaurosis. 
 
 GUTT^ ABBATIS EOUSSEAU, Laudanum 
 abbatis Rousseau — g. Ammoniaci, see Ammoniac 
 gum — g. Acidsc tonicse, Elixir Acidum Halleri — 
 g. Nervinse, Alcohol sulfurico-^thereus ferri. 
 
 GuTTiE NiGR^, Ace'tum o'pii, Common Black 
 Drop. {Opii §viij, aceti destillat. W\}, Infn'se.) 
 
 The celebrated Black Drop, Lan'caster or Qua- 
 hf-r's Black Drop, may be made as follows. Take 
 half a pound of opium sliced; three pints oi good 
 verjuice, (juice of the wild crab,) one and a half 
 ounce of nutmegs, and half an ounce of saffron. 
 Boil to a proper thickness, and add a quarter of a 
 pound of sugar, and two spoonfuls of yeast. Set 
 the whole in a warm place, near the fire, for six 
 or eight weeks ; then place it in the open air un- 
 til it becomes a syrup. Lastly, decant, filter, and 
 bottle it up, adding a little sugar to each bottle. 
 One drop is equal to three of laudanum; and it 
 is nearly devoid of all the unpleasant exciting 
 effects of the latter. An analogous formula is 
 contained in the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States under the name Ace'tum opii, Vinegar of 
 Opium. 
 
 GUTTALIS CARTILAGO, Arytenoid Carti- 
 lage. 
 
 GUTTBRIA, Bronchocele. 
 
 GUTTUR. The throat; the larynx; the 
 trachea. 
 
 GuTTUR Globosum, Bronchocele — g. Tumidum, 
 Bronchocele. 
 
 GUT'TURAL, Guttara'lis, from guttur, Hhe 
 throat.' Relating or belonging to the throat. 
 
 The Superior Thyfoideal Artery is sometimes 
 called Guttural Artery. 
 
 A Guttural Cough is one occasioned by irrita- 
 tion of the larynx or trachea. 
 
 A Guttural Sound is one produced, as it were, 
 in the throat. 
 
 GUTTURIS OS, Hyo'ides os. 
 
 GUTTURNIA, Arytenoid cartUages. 
 
 GYMNA, Genital Organs. 
 
 GYMNASION, Exercise, 
 
 GYMNA'SIUM, from yu|uvo?, 'naked.' Palas'- 
 tra. An establishment amongst the ancients, in- 
 tended for bodily exercises, as wrestling, running, 
 &c. ; a term now used in Germany, more espe- 
 cially for an academy or higher school. 
 
 GYMNAST, Gy'mnas'tes, Gymnan'ta; same 
 etymon. The manager of a gymnasium. One, 
 whose profession it is to prevent or cure diseases 
 by gymnastics. 
 
 GYMNAS'TICS, Gymnno'tica, Ifediei'na gym- 
 nas tica seu euect'ica, Somaeet'icR. Same etymon. 
 That part of hygienic medicine which treats of 
 bodily exercises. It is called Med'ical Gymnas- 
 tics. The ancients had also Athlet'ic Gymnastics, 
 and Mil'itary Gymnastics. Herodicus, of Seli- 
 vraea, first proposed gymnastics for the cure of 
 
 GYMNOC'LADUS CANADEN'SIS, Coffee 
 Tree, Mahogany, Nickar Tree, Bondue. An in- 
 digenous tree, which grows from Ohio to Louisi- 
 ana. The leaves are cathartic, and said to con- 
 tain cytisin. Tho seeds are a good substitute for 
 coffee. 
 
 GYMNOGRAMME CETERACH, Asplenium 
 
 ceterach. 
 
 GYMNOSIS, Denudation. 
 
 GYN-,E'CANER, from ywn, 'a. woman,' and 
 av)7p, ' a man.' Yir effamina'tus. An effeminate 
 man. 
 
 GYN^CEA, Gynseceia. 
 
 GYN^CEI'A, GyncBci'a, GyncBce'a, from yvvri, 
 'a woman.' The catamenia; — the lochia. The 
 diseases of women in general. — Hippocrates, Ga- 
 len, Foesius. 
 
 GYNiECEUM, Antimonium, Vulva. 
 
 GYNJSCE'US, from yvvn, ' a woman.' Belong- 
 ing to women. Female. Feminine. 
 
 GYN^CIA, Gynseceia, Menses. 
 
 GYNiECOLOG"IA, Gynecol' ogy, from yvvr,, 
 'a woman,' and y^oyo^, 'a description.' The doc- 
 trine of the nature, diseases, &c of women. 
 
 GYNiECOMA'NIA, from yvvv, 'woman,' and 
 nana, 'mania,' 'rage.' That species of insanity, 
 which arises from love for women. Some have 
 used the word synonymously with nymphomania. 
 
 GYN^COMAS'TUS, Gynacom.as'thus, from 
 yvvri, 'woman,' and /joirrof, 'abreast.' A man whoso 
 breasts are as large as those of a woman. — Galen, 
 Ingrassias, 
 
 A considerable enlargement of the breasts of a 
 female was formerly called Gynmcomas'ton. 
 
 GYN^COMYS'TAX, from ywn, 'woman,' and 
 fxvcTa^, 'the beard,' The hair on the pubes of 
 women. — Rolfink. 
 
 GYNiECOPHO'ISrUS, from yvw, 'a woman,' 
 and ^ii)vri, 'voice,' A man who has an effeminate 
 voice, 
 
 GYNANDRIA, Hermaphrodeity. 
 
 GYNANDRUS, Gynanthropus. 
 
 GYNANTHRO'PUS, Gynan'drus. An her- 
 maphrodite who belongs more to the male than 
 to the female sex. 
 
 GYNATRE'SIA, from yvvri, '& woman,' and 
 arpriToi, 'imperforate.' Closure or imperforation 
 of the external parts of generation of the female, 
 
 GYNE, Female. 
 
 GYNECOLOGY, Gjmacologia. 
 
 GYNIDA, Hermaphrodite. 
 
 GYNOARIUM, Ovarium. 
 
 GYNOPLAS'TIC, Gynoplaa'iiciis, from yvvn, 
 'a woman,' and -rrXacrcui, ' I form.' The gynoplas^ 
 tic operation is employed for opening or dilating 
 the closed or contracted genital openings of the 
 female, 
 
 GYPSY-WEED, Lycopus sinuatus, and L, Vir- 
 ginicus, 
 
 GYRI CEREBRI, Anfractuosities (cerebral,) 
 Convolutions (cerebral,) — g. Cochleje, Scalae of 
 the Cochlea, 
 
 GYROMIA VIRGINICA, Medeola Virginiea. 
 
 GYROPHLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
 
 GYROPHORA, see Trijie de Roche. 
 
 GYRUS, Anfractuosity, Convolution, 
 
 GYRUS FORjSilCA'TUS, 'Arched convolu- 
 tion,' A large convolution of the brain, which 
 lies horizontally on the corpus callosura, and may 
 be traced forwards and backwards to the base of 
 the brain, terminating by each extremity at the 
 fissure of Sylvius, The surface of the hemi- 
 sphere, where it comes in contact with the corpus 
 callosum, is bounded by it. 
 
HAB-EL-KALIMBAT 
 
 421 
 
 H^MATEMESIS 
 
 H. 
 
 HAB-EL-KALIMBAT, Pistacia terebinthus. 
 
 HABBI, Hugenia Abyssiniea. 
 
 HABE'NA. A Bridle, Tel'anwn. A bandage 
 for uniting the lips of wounds ; which, in many- 
 instances, replaced the suture. — -Galen. 
 
 HABENJE OF THE PINEAL GLAND, see 
 Pineal gland. 
 
 HABIL'LA DE CABTHAGE'NA, Bejido, 
 Carthage' na Bean, (F.) Five de Carthaghie. A 
 kind of bean of South America, famed as an ef- 
 fectual antidote for the poison of all serpents, if a 
 small quantity be eaten immediately. 
 
 HABIT, Habitu'do, from habere, 'to have "or 
 to hold ;' Assuetu'do, itos, Usus, Consuetu'do, 
 Ethos, 't^if, Hexis, Ethmos'yne, (F.) Habitude, 
 Acooutuniance, Habit is the aptitude for repeat- 
 ing certain acts : — or, a facility, which results 
 from the frequent repetition of the same act. It 
 is, according to vulgar expression, ' a second na- 
 ture.' Habit may predispose to certain diseases, 
 or it may protect us against them. It ought not 
 to be lost sight of, in attending to the progress 
 of disease, or of its treatment. 
 
 Habit op Body, Constitu'tio, Hah'itHs, Hah'- 
 itus Oor'2}oria, Catas'tasis, Hexis, Hpiphani'a, 
 (F.) Habitude exterieure. Habitude du corps. 
 The aggregate of the physical qualities of the 
 human body. 
 
 HABITUDE, Habit — A. du Corps, Habit of 
 body — h. Exterieure, Habit of body. 
 
 HABITUDO, Habit. 
 
 HABITUS, Habit of body — h. Apoplecticus, 
 Apoplectic habit — h. Corporis, Habit of body. 
 
 HACHICH, see Bangue. 
 
 HACHISCH, Bingue. 
 
 HACKBERRY, Celtis oceidentalis. 
 
 HiEMA, 'ai/jia, 'aifnaroi, 'blood.' 
 
 H^MACHROINE, Hamatine. 
 
 H^MACHRO'SES, ( (G.) Hii m achrosen,) 
 from 'aifia, ' blood,' and xP'^'^'ii ' coloration.' A 
 family of diseases in which the blood has its co- 
 lour different from usual, as in purpura and cya- 
 nosis. — Fuchs. 
 
 H^MACY'ANIN, from 'atfia, 'blood,' and 
 Kvavos, 'blue.' A blue colouring matter, detected 
 by Sanson in healthy blood, and in bile by some 
 chemists, but not by others. 
 
 H^MADON'OSUS, from 'at/xa, 'blood,' and 
 j'oo-of, ' a disease.' Hcsmatangion' osus, Hcematan- 
 gionu'sus, Hcematangio'sis. Disease of the blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 HiBMADOSTO'SIS, from 'ai//o, 'blood,' and 
 oaTOKTts, 'a bony tumour.' Ossification of the 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 HiEMADYNAMETER, Heemadynamometer. 
 
 H ^ M A D Y N A M M ' ETER, Hamatodyna- 
 mom'eter, Hmmadynam' eter, Hmmom'eter, Hama- 
 tom'eter, (F.) Hemadynametre, Hemometre ; from 
 'aijia, 'blood,' Svvafiig, 'power,' and fiiT^ov, 'a 
 measure.' An instrument for measuring the 
 force of the blood in the vessels. It consists of 
 a bent glass tube, the lower bent part of which 
 is filled with mercury. A brass head is fitted 
 into the artery, and a solution of carbonate of soda 
 is interposed between the mercury and the blood, 
 which is allowed to enter the tube for the pur- 
 pose of preventing its coagulation. The pressure 
 of the blood on the mercury in the descending 
 portion of the bent tube causes the metal to rise 
 in the ascending portion ; and the degree to 
 
 which it rises indicates the pressure under which 
 the blood moves. 
 
 H^M AGASTRIC PESTILENCE, Fever, 
 yellow. 
 
 H^MAGOGUM, Poeonia. 
 
 HJaMAGO'GUS, from 'aijua, 'blood,' and ayia, 
 ' I drive off.' A medicine which promotes tho 
 menstrual and hemorrhoidal discharges. 
 
 HiEMAL, from 'aijia, 'blood.' Relating to tho 
 blood or blood-vessels. 
 
 H^MAL Arch. The arch formed by the pro- 
 jections anteriorly from the body of the vertebrae 
 of the ribs and sternum. It encloses the great 
 blood-vessels. — Owen. 
 
 H^MAL Axis, Aorta — h. Spine, Sternum. 
 
 H JiMALO'PIA, H^mophthalmia, Haemalopis. 
 
 HJEMALOPIS, Hajmophthalmia. 
 
 HiEMALOPS, Heemophthalmia. 
 
 H^MAN'THUS COCCIN'EUS. A beautiful 
 South African plant, Nat. Ord. Amaryllideas, tho 
 bulb of which is employed as a diuretic. It is 
 given as an oxymel in asthma and dropsy. The 
 fresh leaves are antiseptic, and applied to foul, 
 flabby ulcers, and in anthrax. 
 
 II^MAPERITONIRRHAG"IA, (P.) Hima- 
 peritonirrhagie ; from 'aina, 'hlood,' TrcpiTovaiov, 
 ' peritoneum,' and payrj, ' a violent rupture.' An 
 exhalation of blood into the peritoneum. 
 
 H^MAPH^'IN, HcBmatopha'im, Hmmopha'- 
 um, from 'ai//a, ' blood,' and (patos, ' of a dusky 
 colour.' A term applied by Simon to the brown 
 colouring matter of the blood, supposed by some 
 to be nothing more than hseiSiatin modified by an 
 alkali. 
 
 HiSMAPH'OBUS, HtBmoph'ohiis, from 'aina, 
 ' blood,' and tpoPo;, ' dread.' One who has a dread 
 of blood : — who cannot look at it without fainting. 
 
 H^MAPOPHYSES, Costal cartUages, see 
 Costa. 
 
 JlMMA'PO'R'IA,H(smatapor'ia,Hmmafopo"'ia, 
 Oligohce' mia, Oliga'mia, from 'ai/^a, 'blood,' and 
 oTTopof, 'poor.' Paucity of blood. See Anaemia. 
 
 H^MAPTYSIS, Hajmoptysis. 
 
 HjEMAS, 'aifiag, gen. 'aifxaiog. A blood-VeSSel. 
 
 H^MASTATICA, Hismatostatica. 
 
 HiEMASTAT'ICE, from 'atjxa, 'blood,' and 
 laTTj/ii, ' I remain,' ' reside.' A science, vvhich 
 treats of the strength of the blood-vessels ; Hy- 
 mastat'ies. 
 
 H^MATANGIONOSTJS, Hamadonosus. 
 
 HiEMATANGIOSIS, Heemadonosus. 
 
 H^MATAPORIA, Htemaporia. 
 
 HiEMATAPORRHOSIS, Cholera. 
 
 HiEMATEC'LYSIS, Hamotex'ia, Hwmotex'ia, 
 Hmmatosep'sis, San' guinis dissolu'tio; from 'atf.a, 
 ' blood,' and txXvins, ' loosening.' Dissolution v>f 
 the blood. 
 
 H^MATEL^UM, see Blood. 
 
 H^MATEM'ESIS, from 'ai/ia, 'blood,' and 
 f/t£(o, ' I vomit.' Vom'itus cruen'tus, Hcemorrha'- 
 gia HcBinatem'esis, Vom'itus seu Vomit"io San'~ 
 guinis, Gastrorrhag" ia, Gastro - hcBmorrhag"ca, 
 HcBmorrhag"ia ventric'uli, Hcsmorrhoe'a ventric'- 
 uli, Vomiting of Blood, (F.) Hematemese, Vo~ 
 missemeiit de sang. Hsematemesis is generally 
 preceded by a feeling of oppression, weight, and 
 dull or pungent pain in the epigastric and in the 
 hypochondriac regions; by anxiety, and, occa- 
 sionally, by syncope. Blood is then passed by 
 vomiting, and sometimes, also, by stool, — Ui« 
 
hemate:jvCephalum 
 
 422 
 
 HEMATODYNAMOMETER 
 
 blood being generally of a gnimous aspect. Hse- 
 niateuiesis may be active or passive, acute or 
 chronic. The blood effused proceeds, almost al- 
 ways, from a sanguineous exhalation at the sur- 
 face of the mucous mambrane of the stomach. 
 It is often observed in females whose menstrual 
 secretion is irregularly performed. It is not of 
 much danger, except when connected with dis- 
 ease of some of the solid viscera of the abdomen. 
 On dissection of those who have died from pro- 
 tracted hajmatemesis, — for the acute kind is com- 
 paratively devoid of danger, — the mucous mem- 
 brane of the stomach is found red and iniiamed, 
 or black, and the vessels considerably dilated. 
 Complete abstinence from food; rest; the hori- 
 zontal posture; bleeding, if the hemorrhage be 
 active ; cold, acidulous di'inks, &c., constitute the 
 usual treatment. 
 
 H.EMATEXCEPHALUM, Apoplexy. 
 
 H^MATEPAGOGE, Congestion. 
 
 HiEMATERA, Hepatirrhrea. 
 
 HiEMATEPtUS, Sansruine. 
 
 H-«MATERYTHRUM, Hsematin. 
 
 H.EMATEXOSTOSIS, Osteosarcoma. 
 
 H^MATHIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus. 
 
 HiEMATHORAX, Hjematothorax. 
 
 H^MATIASIS, Hsematonosus. 
 
 H^MAT'ICA, from 'aii^a, 'blood.' Diseases 
 of the sanguineous function: — the third class in 
 the nosology of Good. Also, medicines that act 
 on the blood.— Pereira. 
 'H.EMATicA DocTRixA, Hsematology. 
 
 H^MATICUS, Sanguine. 
 
 HiEMATIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus. 
 
 H^'JNIATIN, HcBmati'na, Hem'atine, Hama- 
 tosin, Hem'atosine, Hamater'ythnim, Hamer'y- 
 thrum, Zooliem' atin, Hemachro'in, Cru'orin, Jiu- 
 hrin, Gloh'idin of some ; from aijia, ' blood.' The 
 red colouring matter of the blood. It resides in 
 distinct particles or globules, and, in the opi- 
 nion of some observers, in the envelope of the 
 globules. It appears to be of a peculiar charac- 
 ter, and one that has not yet been determined 
 by the chemist. That the colour of the blood is 
 not owing to the peroxide of iron which it con- 
 tains, is shown by the fact mentioned by Scherer, 
 that he removed the iron by acids, and yet a 
 deep red tincture was formed when alcohol was 
 added to the residuum. 
 
 n^MATIN'IC, Hamatin'icus: from. Tits ma tin, 
 'the red colouring matter of the blood.' An agent 
 that augments the number of red corpuscles of the 
 blood. — Pereira. 
 
 H^MATINUS, Sanguine. 
 
 H^MATIS'CHESIS, ffcBmis'chesis, Hmmo- 
 cryph'ia, from 'aijia, ' blood,' and itrx^'-'"' ' to sup- 
 press.' The retention or suppression of a natural 
 or artificial flow of blood. 
 
 H^MATISMUS, Epistaxis, Heemorrhagia. 
 
 HiEMATISTH'MUS, from 'aijia, 'blood,' and 
 icQjxos, 'pharynx.' Hemorrhage into the pharynx. 
 
 H^MATI'TES, Hmmati'th, from 'ai^a, 'blood.' 
 Resembling blood. Lajns Hcsntati'tes. A beau- 
 tiful ore of iron, called also. Bloodstone, O'chrea 
 rnhra, Ox'ydum fer'ricuni cry stalliza' turn nati'- 
 »!-um, Ferrum Hamatites. When finely levigated, 
 and freed from the grosser parts, by frequent 
 washings with water, it has been long recom- 
 mended in hemorrhage, fluxes, uterine obstruc- 
 tions, &c., in doses of from one scruple to three or 
 four. Also, a vessel that contains blood, 'aijiaTt- 
 
 H^MATMUS, Gaz sanguinis. 
 
 H^MATOCATHAR'TICA, from 'mna, 'blood/ 
 and Ka&apaig, ' purification or purgation.' Reme- 
 ilifes for purifying the blood. 
 
 H^MATOCE'LE, from 'aina, 'blood/ and 
 
 /c)7X:7, ' tumour.' A tumour formed by blood. By 
 some, this term has been applied to a tumour 
 formed by blood, effused into the areolar texture 
 of the scrotum. Others have used it for tumours 
 arising from effusion of blood into the tunica va- 
 ginalis : — hajmatocele, according to them, differ- 
 ing from hydrocele, only in the cbaraeter of the 
 effusion. — Heister. Others, again, have applied 
 it to effusions of blood into the interior of the 
 tunica albuginea itself. — Richter. The first ia 
 the usual acceptation. It is most commonly 
 caused by wounds or contusions: and requires 
 the use of antiphlogistics, discutients, <te. Some- 
 times it is necessary to evacuate the effused blood. 
 
 HjEmatocele Arteeiosa, Aneurism. 
 
 H.ExAIATO-CEREBRIFORM DISEASE, En- 
 cephaluid. 
 
 n^MATOCHE'ZIA, from 'at^ia, 'blood/ and 
 X^^^f 'I go to stool.' Sedes crueii'ta, Catarrhex'ia 
 vera, Enterorrhag"ia simplex, Diarrlice'a cvuenta 
 seu saiiguinolen'ta, Hm'mato-diarrhce'a, Hamor- 
 rhaff"ia intestino' rum, En'tero-hasmorrhag"iaf 
 (F.) EemorrJiagie des intesti'na, Ecoidement de 
 sang par I'lntestin. Discharge of blood by stool. 
 See Melaena. 
 
 HiEMATOCHYSIS, Hamorrhagia. 
 
 H^MATOCCE'LIA, from 'ai/io, 'blood/ and 
 Kot'Xta, ' the cavity of the abdomen.' Effusion of 
 blood into the abdomen. 
 
 HiEMATOCOL'PUS, from 'aipia, 'blood/ and 
 Ko\izos, ' vagina.' Effusion of blood into the va- 
 gina. Accumulation of blood owing to occlusion 
 of the vagina. 
 
 H.a;MATOCYA]SrOSIS, Cyanopathy. 
 
 H^MATOCYSTE, Hsematoma saecatum. 
 
 H^MATOCYST'IS, from 'atfia, 'blood/ and 
 Kvaris, 'bladder.' Hemorrhage into the bladder. 
 
 H^MATO'DES, EmmatoVdes, Sangnin'eus, 
 Ece'matoid, Ee'matoid, from 'ai/xa, ' blood,' and 
 ciiog. ' appearance.' That which contains blood, 
 or has the character of blood. 
 
 H^MATODES FuxGUS, HcBmatomy'ces, Fungua 
 cancro' sua hcemctto'des, ilelce' na fungo' sa carcino'- 
 des, Angidiospon' gv.s, Angiomy'ces, Ecematospon'- 
 gns, Tumor fungo'sus sanguin'eus seu anom'alua, 
 Spon'goid injlanrmation, Pidpy or Med'idlary 
 Sarco'ma, Carcino'nia EcBrnato'des, Carcino'ma 
 Spongio'sum, Bleeding Fungus, Soft Cancer, (F.) 
 Carcinome sanglunt, Eematoncie fongo'ide. An ex- 
 tremely alarming carcinomatous afleetion, which 
 was first described, with accuracy, by Mr. John 
 Burns, of Glasgow. It consists in the develop- 
 ment of cancerous tumours, in which the inflam- 
 mation is accomiianied with violent heat and pain, 
 and with fungus and bleeding excrescences. Even 
 when the diseased part is extirpated, at a very 
 early period, recovery rarely follows ; other or- 
 gans being generally implicated at the same time. 
 Fungus hffimatodes was the term first applied to 
 the disease by Mr. Hey of Leeds. Mr. J. Burns 
 called it Spongoid inflammation, from the spongy, 
 elastic feel, which peculiarly characterizes it, and 
 continues even after ulceration has taken place. 
 The disease has, most frequently, been met with 
 in the eyeball, the upper and lower extremities, 
 testicle and mamma; but it occurs in the uterus, 
 ovary, liver, spleen, brain, lungs, thj'roid gland, 
 and in the hip and shoulder-joint. 
 
 Some French surgeons designate, by this name, 
 those tumours which were formerly termed anor- 
 males, carerneuses, variqiieuses, called Erevtiles 
 by Dupuytren, Eemntoneies, by Alibert, and I'e^ 
 langiectasice by Grafe. 
 
 H^MATODIARRHCEA, Hasmatochezia. 
 
 n^MATODYNAMOMETER, Hteniadynamo- 
 meter. 
 
HJaMATOGASTER 
 
 423 
 
 H^MATOXTLON 
 
 H^MATOGASTER, from 'a^a, 'Wood,' and 
 yacrnp, ' Stomach.' Effusion of blood into the 
 stomach. 
 
 HiEMATOGENETICA, Hsematopoietica. 
 
 H^MATOGLOBULIN, see Globules of the 
 blood. 
 
 H^MATOGRA'PHIA, EcBmatog' rapJiy , from 
 'aijia, ' blood,' and ypacpti, ' a description.' A de- 
 scription of the blood. 
 
 HiEMATOID, Hffimatodes. 
 
 'H.2EMAT0'L'0GY, Rematol'ogy,ffeBmatoIof/'ta, 
 Hamat'ica doctri'na, (F .) Hematologie, from 'aijia, 
 ' blood,' and 'Xoyo;, ' a discourse.' That part of 
 medicine which treats of the blood. 
 
 HxEJiATOLOGy, Patholog"ical, (E.) Hematolo- 
 gi'e jKithologique. Observation of the blood to 
 detect its varying characters in disease. 
 
 HJi!MATOL'YSES, (G.) Hamatolysen, 
 from 'aijia, 'blood,' and 'kvai?, 'solution.' An 
 order of diseases in which there is diminished 
 coagulability of the blood. — Fuchs. 
 
 H-5;MAT0LYTICUM, Spanasmic. 
 
 H^EMATO'MA, Thrombus, Tumor anriguin'evs. 
 A bloody tumour, especially of the scalp of the 
 new-born. 
 
 H.EMATo'jfA SACCA'Tmr. An encysted tumour 
 containing blood — Hmmatoci/s'te. 
 
 H^MATOMANTI'A, from 'aijia, 'blood,' and 
 iiavTua, ' divination.' Judgment of disease from 
 the appearance of the blood. 
 
 HiE-AIATOMATRA, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 H.EMATOMETACHYSIS, Transfusio san- 
 guinis. 
 
 H/SMATOMETRA, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 HiEMATOMMA, Iltemophthalmia. 
 
 HiEMATOMPHALOCE'LE, Hoimatom' -pha- 
 hun, IIcBmatovipliu' his, from 'aifna, 'blood,' o^tpaXog, 
 'the navel,' andx/iA;;, 'a tumour.' Umbilical her- 
 nia, the sac of which encloses a bloody serum; or 
 which has, at its surface, a number of varicose 
 veins; constituting Varicom'phalus. 
 
 H.E:\iATOMPI-IALUM, Ilajmatomphalocele. 
 
 H^MATOMYCES, Htematodes fungus. 
 
 H^MATON'CUS, (F.) Henmtoncie, from 'aiiia, 
 ' blood,' and oyKog, ' a tumour.' Alibert has given 
 this name to the Navi mater'ni, Varicose tumours. 
 He admits three varieties: — the H. fongo'ide, H. 
 frarahoisee, and H. tuhereuse. 
 
 HiEMATOX'OSUS, HcBmati'asis, Jlamatopa- 
 thi'a, HcEmopntlti'a, from 'aifia, 'blood,' and vocrof, 
 'disease.' A disease of the blood. Blood-disease. 
 
 HiEMATOPATHIA, Hfematonosus. 
 
 H^MATOPEDESIS, see Diapedesis. 
 
 H^MATOPBRICAR'DIUM, from 'ai^ia, 
 'blood,' and irtpiKapSiov, 'pericardium.' Effusion 
 cf blood into the pericardium. 
 
 H^MATOPH^UM, Hsemaphrein. 
 
 H^MATOPHIL'IA, Hamophil'ia, ITmmorrJio- 
 phil'ia, Idiosyncra'aia hcBmorrhag"ica, from 'aifja, 
 'blood,' and (piXeu), 'I love.' A hemorrhagic dia- 
 thesis. 
 
 H.EMATOPHLEBES'TASIS. Sudden sup- 
 pression of a hemorrhage; — from cracii 'aiiiaros 
 j>\€fiu}v, 'suppression of the blood of the veins.' — 
 Galen. 
 
 ' HiEMATOPHOB'IA, HcBmopTioh'ia, from 'aijia, 
 'blood,' and (polhg, ' dread.' Dread or horror at 
 the sight of blood, producing syncope, &e. 
 
 H^MATOPHTHALMIA, Hismopthalmia. 
 
 HzEMATOPH'THORES, (G. ) Hamatoph- 
 thoren; from 'aLjxa, 'blood,' and ^^opnr, 'corrup- 
 tion.' An order of diseases in the classification 
 of Fuchs, in which the blood is materially altered 
 in its composition, as "in typhus. 
 
 HJ2MAT0P'ISIS, (F.) Hetnatopisie. M. Cu- 
 puron, of Paris, has applied the term Hematopi»l<i 
 uterine, from analogy with Eydropisie uterine, to 
 a collection of blood which sometimes takes place 
 in the uterus, when, owing to faulty conforma- 
 tion, the exit of the menstrual flux is prevented. 
 
 H^EMATOPLA'NIA, Hcematoplane'sis, from 
 'aip.a, ' blood,' and nXavri, ' wandering.' A vica- 
 rious hemorrhage. 
 
 II^matopla'nia MENSTRrA'Lis, Menstruation, 
 vicarious. 
 
 IliEMATOPLETHORA, Plethora. 
 
 HJilMATOPCEA, Hamatopoetica. 
 
 HiEMATOPOESIS, H£Bmatosis. 
 
 H^MATOPOET'ICA, HcBinatopce'a, HcEmoto- 
 genet' ica, 'bloodmakers,' from 'ai//a, 'blood/ and 
 TToiECi), 'I make.' Agents that favour hEematosis. 
 Iron was called by the ancients metal'lum hcsma- 
 topoet'icitm. 
 
 HiEMATOPOIESIS, Hfematosis. 
 
 H^xMATOPORIA, Ha^maporia. 
 
 H^MATOPS, Hajmophthalmia. 
 
 H^EMATOPSIA, Hamophthalnna. 
 
 HiEMATOPTYSIA, Hasmoptysis. 
 
 H^EMATOPTYSIS, Hajmoptysis. 
 
 HiEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica, 
 
 HiEMATORRHAGIA, Hajmorrhagia. 
 
 H^g^MATORRHCEA, Hajmorrhagia. 
 
 H^MATORRHOSIS, Cholera. 
 
 HiEMATORRHYSIS, Hasmorrhagia. 
 
 'HMllA'I0SCB.I10C'E'L^,ffcBmoscheoce'le,R(B- 
 matos'cheum, from 'aijia, 'blood,' otrx^ov, 'scrotum,' 
 and KrjXrj, 'rupture.' Effusion of blood into the 
 scrotum. 
 
 H^MATOSCHEUM, Hsematoscheoeele. 
 
 H.EMATOSCOP'IA, B'mmosco2}'ict,(F.) Jlemor- 
 rlioscopie, from 'aif/a, 'blood,' and o-kottho, 'I view.' 
 An examination of blood drawn. 
 
 ILEMATOSEPSIS, Hremateclysis. 
 
 HJSMATOSIN, H^matin. 
 
 HJSMATO'SIS, Examato'sis, EnJicsmato'siv, 
 HcBmatopioie'sis, HcBriiatopoe'sis, Procrea'tio san- 
 guinis ; Decarloniza'tion, Atmospheriza' tion of 
 the blood; Sanguifica'tion; from 'ai^a, 'blood.' 
 The ti-ansformation of the venous blood and chyle 
 into arterial blood by respiration. Called, also, 
 Aera'tion, Arterializa'tion of the blood. Fortna- 
 tion of blood in general. 
 
 H^MATOSPILIA, Purpura hemorrhagica. 
 
 H^MATOSPONGUS, Hjematodes fungus. 
 
 HiEMATOSTAT'ICA, from 'a,^a, 'blood,' and 
 (TTa-LKn, 'statics.' Ischce'mia, Hamastat'ica, Hcr- 
 niatostat'ics, Hamostat'ics, Ena'ma, (F.)Eemato8- 
 tatiques, Eimastatiques, Eemostatiques. The doc- 
 trine of the motion of the blood in living bodies. 
 Also, remedies for stopping blood. — Catastaltica. 
 
 H^MATOS'TEON, from 'atixa, 'blood,' and 
 oGTtijiv, ' a bone.' Effnsion of blood into the bones 
 or joints. 
 
 H^MATOSYMPHORESIS, Congestion. 
 
 HiEMATOSYNAGOGE, Congestion. 
 
 H^MATOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. 
 
 HiEMATO'TIS, Eama'tu8,irova 'at/ia, 'blood,' 
 and ovs, gen. (dtos, ' the ear.' Effusion of blood 
 into the inner ear. 
 
 H^MATOTHO'RAX, Emmatho'rax, Emmo. 
 tlio'rax, Hamopj'tysis inter'na, Pleurorrhoe'a san~ 
 gnin'ea, Pneumorrhag"ia inter'na, Eemorrhag"!o 
 Pleu'risy, Pleural hem'orrhage, from 'ai/ja, 'blood,' 
 and dwpa^, ' the chest.' Extravasation of blood 
 into the chest. 
 
 HJEMATOX'YLON CAMPECHIA'NUM, 
 Aca'cia Zeylon'ica, Logwood. The part of the 
 tree, used in medicine, is the wood, Emmatox' yli 
 Lignum, Lignum Oampechen' se, L. Campechia'' 
 
H^MATURESIS 
 
 424 
 
 HAEMOPTYSIS 
 
 nwffi, L. Campp.sca'num, L. In'dicum, L. Sappan, 
 L. Brasilia'num rubrum, L. coRru'leum, (F.) Bois 
 de Campeche. Family, Leguminos£E. Sex. Syst. 
 De^andria Monogynia. Logwood is almost ino- 
 dorous ; of a sweetish, subastringent taste; and 
 deep red colour. Its virtues are extracted both 
 by water and alcohol. It is astringent and tonic, 
 and is used in the protracted stage of diarrhoea 
 and dysentery. 
 
 IliEMATURESIS, Ilfiematuria. 
 
 HiEMATU'RIA, Hcemature'sis, from 'aijia, 
 'blood,' and ovjSEu, 'I make urine.' Voiding of 
 blood by urine. HcBmorrliag"ia hcBmatu'ria, If. 
 ex vii'is urina'riis, HoBiinire'sis, UamiCria, Mictio 
 crucn'ta, M. Sangidn'ea, Mictus Cruen'tus seu 
 Sanguine^is, Hmmorrhce'a via'riim urinaria' rum , 
 Sanguis in JJri'na, Bloody urine, (F.) Pissement 
 de Sang, Hematurie. Hemorrhage from the mu- 
 cous membrane of the urinary passages. Like 
 other hemorrhages, it may he active or passive. 
 It may proceed from the kidneys, bladder, or 
 urethra. The essential symptoms are : — blood, 
 evacuated by the urethra ; preceded by pain in 
 the region of the bladder or kidnej^s, and accom- 
 panied by faintness. Whencesoever it proceeds, 
 hfematuria usually takes place by exhalation. 
 Rupture of vessels is by no means common in the 
 mucous membranes. Active }icemafuria requires 
 general or local blood-letting ; diluent and cool- 
 ing drinks; absolute rest, and the horizontal 
 posture. The chronic kind is more troublesome. 
 It requires acidulated or aluminous drinks; cha- 
 lybeates and tonics in general. When ha2maturia 
 is excessive, cold injections may be thrown into 
 the rectum or into the vagina of women, and to- 
 pical applications be made to the perinseum. 
 
 Hj5maturia Cystica, Cystorrhagia — h. Ejacu- 
 latoria, Spermatocystidorrhagia — h. Seminalis, 
 Spermatocystidorrhagia — h. Stillatitia, Urethror- 
 rhagia. 
 
 H^MATUS, Htematotis. 
 
 H^MAXIS, Blood-letting. 
 
 H^MENCEPHALUS, Apoplexy. 
 
 H^.MERYTHRUM, Htematin. 
 
 HiEMIDROSIS, see Diapedesis. 
 
 H^MISCHESIS, Hajmatischesis. 
 
 II^MI'TIS, from 'aifxa, 'blood,' and itis, a 
 sufBx denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the blood. (F.) Hemite. The alteration of the 
 blood that occurs in inflammatory diseases. — 
 Piorry. 
 
 HiEMO-ARTHRITIS, Rheumatism, (acute.) 
 
 H^MOCARDIORRHAG"IA, Apoplex'ia cor- 
 dis, Apopjlexy of the heart, from 'atfia, ' blood.' 
 Ka^iSia. ' the heart,' and 'pj;yvD/ii, ' I break forth.' 
 Effusion of blood into the substance of the heart. 
 
 HiEMOCERCH'NOS. This term has received 
 two acceptations, owing to the different senses 
 in which Kcpx^og is employed; signifying, some- 
 times, hissing; at others, dry. Consequently, 
 the Hellenists have translated the compound 
 ■word, at times, by spitting of blood, with hissing 
 in the throat; at others, by evacuation of dry 
 matters. 
 
 H^.MOCRYPHIA, Hromatisehesis. 
 
 H^MODES, Sanguine. 
 
 H^MO'DIA, HcBmodias'mus, Uemo'dia, Ile- 
 betu'do sen Stupor Beyi'tium, from 'at/jKuSiw, {'aiftn, 
 'blood,' and ohovq, 'a i^uth,') ' I have pain in the 
 teeth.' Pain in the teeth, — and more especially 
 Agacement, or the setting on edge of those bodies 
 fey acid or acerb substances. It is also called 
 Odon'lia Stupo'ri.t, OdontaV'gia hcpmo'dia, Dolor 
 den'tium it strido're, Catoplcv'is, Odoniamblyog' - 
 Xnus, Odontliypermsthe'sis, Tooth-edge. 
 
 H^MODIASMUS, Ha?modia. 
 
 ll^MOIDES, Sanguins. 
 H^MOPATHIA, Iltematonosus. 
 
 H^MOPERICAR'DIUM, Pericardi'tis ex^it- 
 dato'ria, from 'at/ja, 'blood,' and pericardium. 
 Effusion of blood into the pericardium. 
 
 H^MOPERITON^'UM, from '«<;.«, 'blood,' 
 and TzipiTdivaiov, 'peritoneum.' Effusion of blood 
 into the peritoneum. 
 
 H^MOPEX'IiE, (G.) Hiimopesien, from 
 'aiyia, 'blood,' and -rri'^ii, 'coagulation.' An order 
 of diseases in which there is increased coagu- 
 lability of the blood. — Hyperino'sia san'guinis. — 
 Fuchs. 
 
 HiEMOPHEUM, Hsemaphein. 
 
 H.S;M0PHILIA, IIsematopMlia. 
 
 HOMOPHOBIA, Hsematophobia. 
 
 HOMOPHTHAL'MIA, Hamatophthal' mia, 
 HcBmato/j'sia, from 'aiixa, 'blood,' and o(pOa'Xiii>s, 
 'eye.' HcBmalo'pia, Haemalo'piis, HcB'malops. Ef- 
 fusion of blood into the eye. When the extrava- 
 sation is external, it is called H. exter'na, Hypos- 
 p>hog'ma and Hmmalops externus ; when internal, 
 HcBmop)hthal'mia inter'na, Hydropiltthal' mua cru- 
 en'tus, Hypoch'ysis hcBmato' des, Hamatom'ma, and 
 Hce'malops inter'nus. A blood-shot eye. 
 
 HOMOPLANIA MENSTRUALIS, Menstru- 
 ation, vicarious. 
 
 HOMOPLETHORA, Plethora. 
 
 HOMOPROCTIA, Haimorrhois. 
 
 HiEMOPTOE, Ifemoptysis — h. Laryngea et 
 Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia. 
 
 HOMOPTOSIS, Ha;moptysis. 
 
 HOMOP'TYSIS, from 'ai//a, 'blood,' and tttuo, 
 'I spit.' Spitting of blood, HcEmorrhog"ia Ila- 
 mop'tysis, Hamapt'tysia, Hamatoptya'ia, Hcema- 
 top'tysia, Empj'toe, Emop'toe, Entpto'ica pias'sio, 
 HcBmoptys'nnia, Ilcsmopto'sia, Sputum aang'iiinis, 
 San'guinis Jiuor pulmo'num, Emopto'ica pas'aio, 
 Hczmotis'mus, Haraon-hce' a pidmona'lis, Crucn'ta 
 exspui'tio, IIcemorrhag"ia pulmo'nis, Pas'aio hcB- 
 mopito'iea, Rejec'tio sang' uini^ e pulmo'nibua, Ex- 
 pectora'tio sang'uinis, H(Emorrhag"ia Bron'chica, 
 Pnenmorrhng"ia,Pneumonorrhog"ia,Pncumonor- 
 rhce'a, Bronchorrhag" ia , Emp'tysis, ITamopi'toe, 
 Sputum cruen'tum, (F.) Heinoptyaie, Crachcment 
 de sang, Exp)ectoration de sang. Hemorrhage 
 from the mucous membrane of the lungs; cha- 
 racterized by the expectoration of more or less 
 florid and frothy blood. It is generallj' preceded 
 by cough ; dyspnoea; sense of heat in the chest, 
 &c. It is important to discriminate between 
 heemoptysis, produced by some accidental cause 
 acting irregularly or periodically on the lungs ; 
 and that which is, as it were, constitutional, and 
 dependent on some organic affection of the lungs, 
 or some faulty conformation of the chest. These 
 two varieties difier as much in their prognosis 
 and method of treatment, as in their causes. Con- 
 stitutional hemoptysis is a serious disense, almost 
 always announcing phthisis pulmonalis. The ac- 
 cidental variety is chiefly dangerous by frequent 
 recurrence, or too great loss of blood. 
 
 The general causes of haemoptysis are the same 
 as those of other kinds of hemorrhage. It has, 
 besides, particular causes ; such as too great ex- 
 ercise of the lungs; — loud speaking, playing on 
 wind instruments, breathing acrid vapours, &c. 
 It usually occurs between puberty and the age 
 of .35. A sudden and terrific kind of ha;mop(ysis 
 is sometimes met with ; consisting in a great 
 afflux of blood to the lungs. This has been 
 called Pnl'wnnary Ap'oplexy, Apop>lcx'ia puhno- 
 na'Ua, A. jndmo'num, Pneumorrhag"ia, Infurc'tua 
 hosmorrhag"icua pudmo'num, (F.) Apoplcvic pul- 
 monaire, jFItmoptysie foxidroyante, JJemorrhag'ie 
 inter stitielle du Foumon. Infiltration of blood 
 into the air-cells may occur without anj' hcemop- 
 tj'sis. 
 
 Phyaical signs. Percussion may not always 
 aid up 'ji hccmoptysis, but generally a circum- 
 
H^MOPTYSMUS 
 
 425 
 
 HiEMORRHOIDAL 
 
 scribed dulness will be perceived. The inspira- 
 tory murmur, on auscultation, is feeble or absent, 
 locally ; and is replaced by bronchial respiration 
 and hroncliojihony. A fine liquid crepitus is de- 
 tected around the affected part ; and in the larger 
 tubes, near the spine, a liquid bubbling rhonchus 
 is usually heard. The value of these signs is de- 
 termined by the nature of the expectoration. The 
 treatment of hasmoptysis must be like that of in- 
 ternal hemorrhage in general. 
 
 HAEMOPTYSIS Interna, Hajmatothorax — h. La- 
 ryngea et Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia — h. Phthi- 
 sis. Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 H^EMOPTYSMUS, Haemoptysis. 
 
 H^MORMESIS, Hyperasmia. 
 
 HiEMORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 HAEMORRHAGE, Ha;morrhagia. 
 
 H^MORRHAG"IA, from 'aijia, 'blood,' and 
 priyvvm, ' I break forth.' San'guinis proflu'vium 
 copio' sum , Sangiiiflux'us, Hmniatoch'ysia, Aimor- 
 rhon'a, Hamorrhxe' a, Hamatorrhag"ia, Hcsmatis'- 
 mus, HmmatorrTice' a, Hmmator' rhysis, Hmmorr'liy- 
 eis, Proflu'vium seu Prornp'tio seu Eruptio san- 
 guinis, Profu'sio Sang'uinis, Hem'orrliage, Ha- 
 morrhage, Bleeding, Loss of blood, Rupturing, 
 bursting, or breaking of a blood-vessel, (F.) He- 
 inorrhagie ou Hemorliagie, Perte de sang, Flux de 
 sang. Any discharge of blood from vessels des- 
 tined to contain it; vrith or without rupture of 
 their coats. Hemorrhages may be spontaneous or 
 traumatic: the first belong to the domain of me- 
 dicine, the latter to that of surgerj'. They may, 
 also, be internal or external; general — as in 
 scurvy — or local. The hemorrhages by exhalation 
 — those which chiefly interest the physician — 
 have been classed, by Pinel, as follows : — 1. He- 
 morrhage of the 3Iucous Membranes ; Epistaxis, 
 Heemoptysis, Hajmatemesis, Haemorrhoids, Ha3- 
 maturia. Uterine I^emorrhage. 2. Hemorrhage 
 of the Tissues; Cutaneous, Cellular, Serous, Sy- 
 novial. 
 
 Hemorrhages have generally been distinguished 
 into active and passive : in other words, into those 
 dependent upon augmentation of the oi-ganic ac- 
 tions, and those dependent upon debility. Ac- 
 cording to Broussais, no spontaneous hemorrhage 
 is passive; all are active, — that is, produced by 
 increased action and excess of irritation of the 
 blood-vessels : they maj' occur icith debility, but 
 not from debility. He calls those only passive 
 hemorrhages, which are owing to an external 
 lesion of the vessels. Hemorrhages have been, 
 by some, divided into constitutional, or those de- 
 pending nn original conformation: — accidental, 
 or those produced by some adventitious cause ; 
 mtpplemt^ttary, or those which succeed others; 
 symptomniic, critical, &o. 
 
 Whe'i hemorrhage takes place into any tissue, 
 or is in''.' "Btitial, it receives the name, with many, 
 o» apf'pje:icy. 
 
 Actiie Hemorrhage, Hemorrh.ag"ia acti'va, H. 
 artcTio'sa, Cauma hcBmorrhag"icum, Angeior- 
 rhag"ta, occurs chiefly in the young and pletho- 
 ric. Good living ; the use of fermented liquor — 
 excessive exercise, or too sedentary a life, may 
 perhaps be ranked as predisponent causes. It is 
 commonly preceded by heaviness and pulsation 
 in the part, — owing to the afflux of blood and 
 consequent hyperemia, — and by coldness of the 
 extremities. The blood, evacuated, is generally 
 of a florid red. In such active hemorrhages, the 
 great indications of treatment will be, to dimi- 
 nish plethora where it exists, and to lessen the 
 heart's action. Bleeding, purgatives, and cold, 
 will be the chief agents. 
 
 Passive Hemorrhage, Hmmorrhag" i a passi'va, 
 H. Veno'sa, Profu'sio, P. h(p.morrhag"ica, occurs 
 in those of weak constitution; or who have been 
 
 debilitated by protracted disease, poor diet, long 
 watching, excessive evacuations, &c. 
 
 The direct causes may be: — previous aetivo 
 hemorrhage ; scorbutus, or any thing capable of 
 inducing atony or asthenic hj-pera;mia of tho 
 small vessels. These hemorrhages are not pre- 
 ceded by excitement or by any signs of local de- 
 termination. They are usually accompanied by 
 paleness of the countenance ; feeble pulse ; faint- 
 ing, (fee. The indications of treatment will be: — 
 to restore the action of the small vessels and tho 
 general tone of the system : hence the utility of 
 styptics and cold externally ; and of tonics and 
 astringents, creosote, mineral acids, &c., inter- 
 nally. Hemorrhage also occurs from mechanical 
 bypera?mia, as when htemoptysis is produced by 
 tubercles in the lungs ; htematemesis by disease 
 of some of the solid viscera of the abdomen, &c. 
 In Traumatic Hemorrhages, or those which are 
 the consequences of wounds of arterial or venous 
 trunks, the blood is of a florid red colour, and 
 issues by jets and pulses, if it proceed from an 
 firtery ; whilst it is of a deeper red, issues slowly 
 and by a continuous flow, if from a vein. If the 
 capillary vessels be alone divided, the blood is 
 merely effused at the surface of the wound. Of 
 the means used for arresting these traumatic he- 
 morrhages, some act mechanically as absorbents, 
 ligature, and compression ; others chymically, as 
 flre, caustics, creasote, astringents, &c. 
 
 ILemorrhagta Activa Nauium, Epistaxis — 
 h. Bronchica,, Haemoptysis — h. Cerebri, Apoplexy 
 — h. per Cutem, Sudor cruentus — h. per Diasre- 
 sin, see Diaeresis — h. per Diapedesin, Diapedesis — • 
 h. Faucium, Stomatorrhagia — h. Gingivarum, 
 Ulorrhagia — h. H«?matemesis, Ha?matemesis — h. 
 Heematuria, Hfematuria — h. Hasmoptysis, Has- 
 moptysis — h. Hepatica, Hepathar-morrhagia — h. 
 Hcpatis, Hepatorrhagia — h. Intestinorum, Has- 
 matochezia — h. Mucosa, see Ha^morrhois — h. Na- 
 bothi, see Parturition — h. JSTarinea, Epistaxis — h. 
 Narium, Epistaxis — h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia — h. 
 Penis, Stimatosis — h. Pulmonis, Haemoptysis — h. 
 Renum, Nephrorrhagia — h. Universalis, Purpura 
 haemorrhagica — h. Uterina, Metrorrhagia — b. 
 Ventriculi, Haematemesis — h. Vesicae, Cystorr- 
 hagia. 
 
 H^MORRHIXIA, Epistaxis. 
 HiEMORRHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. 
 H^MORRHCE'A, from 'at/ia, 'blood,' and pcu), 
 'I flow.' Hcemorrhag"ia, Loss of blood. Some 
 writers hare proposed to restrict this name to 
 passive hemorrhages. 
 
 H^MORRHOEA Petkchialis, Purpura haemor- 
 rhagica — h. Pulmonalis, Hemoptysis— h. Uterina, 
 Metrorrhagia — h. Vasorum hremorrhoidalium, 
 Hffimorrhois — h. Ventriculi, Hasmatemesis — h. 
 Viarum urinarium, Hematuria. 
 
 HiEMORRHOI'DAL, Hemorrhoi' dal, Hcemor. 
 rho'ida'lis, Hcemorrhoideus. Relating to hemor- 
 rhoids ; as hemorrhoidal flux, hemorrhoidal tu- 
 mours, &c. 
 
 Hemorrhoidal Arteries have been distin- 
 guished into superior, middle, and inferior. 1. 
 The first is the termination of the inferior me- 
 senteric artery, which assumes the name superior 
 hemorrhoidal, when it reaches the upper and pos- 
 terior part of the rectum. 2. The middle hemor. 
 rhoidal is furnished by the hypogastric or inter- 
 nal pudic. It ramifies on the inferior and ante- 
 rior part of the rectum. 3. The inferior hemor- 
 rhoidal arteries are branches of the internal 
 pudic, furnished to the inferior part of the rectutt 
 and to the muscles of the anus. 
 
 Hemorrhoidal Nerves. These emanate from 
 the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses ; and covei 
 the rectum with their numerous filaments. 
 
H^MOERHOIDALES 
 
 426 
 
 H^MOTELANGIOSIS 
 
 Hemop.hhoidai, "Veins follow the same distri- 
 bution, and generally empty themselves into the 
 lesser mesenteric. Some of them assist in the 
 formation of the hypogastric vein. 
 
 Hemorrhoidal Vessels, Vasa seda'lia, are 
 those vessels which are distributed to the rectum 
 — the seat of hemorrhoids. 
 
 H^MORRHOIDALES NODI, Hsemorrhois. 
 
 H^MORRHOIDES, see Heemorrhois — h. 
 Csecse, see Hisemorrhois — h. Fluentes, Hsemor- 
 rhois — h. Furentes, see Heemorrhois — h. Maris- 
 cosas, Hsemorrhois — h. non Fluentes, Hsemor- 
 rhois — h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 n^MOR'RHOIS, Aimor'rho'is, Asclepias'mus, 
 from 'aifia, 'blood,' and ptoj, 'I flow.' Aimor'roia, 
 Proc'tica Iilaris'ca, Ilaris'ca, ProctaVgia Hm- 
 morrho'ida'lis, Morbus HcBmorrhoidalis, Piles, 
 (F.) Hemorrho'ides. The essential symptoms of 
 this affection are : — Livid and painful tubercles 
 or excrescences, [Hemorrhoid' al Tumours,) usu- 
 ally attended with a discharge of mucus or blood, 
 [Heriiorrhoid'alflux,Pi-octorrhce'a,HcB>no])roc'fia, 
 J-Immorrhoe'a vanorum hamorrho'ida'linm, (F.) 
 Hemaproctie.) The most common causes of piles 
 are a sedentary life ; accumulation of faaces in 
 the rectum ; violent efforts at stool ; pregnancy, 
 &e. The precursory symptoms are : — pains in 
 the loins; stupor of the lower limbs; and un- 
 easiness in the abdomen and rectum, with more 
 or less gastric, cerebral, and indeed general dis- 
 order; — constituting the Diath'esis Jlamorrkoi- 
 da'Iis, Motus seu Turha Hmmorrhoida'lisi, and 
 MoU'meii HcRinorrhoida'le, of most of the writers 
 of Continental Europe. To these symptoms fol- 
 low one or more round, smooth, renitent, painful, 
 pulsating, and erectile tumours, around the mar- 
 gin of the anus, or within the anus ; some pour- 
 ing out blood occasionally. After having re- 
 mained, for a time, tense and painful, they gra- 
 dually shrink and disappear. The chief symp- 
 toms, occasioned by hemorrhoidal tumours, when 
 much inflamed, are; — constant pain, liable, how- 
 ever, to exacerbations, and obliging the patient 
 to preserve the horizontal posture, and to become 
 augmented by the least pressure, or by the pas- 
 sage of the fasces. 
 
 HaMuorrhoids have generally been distinguished 
 into — HcBmorrhoidea Fliien'tes seu Marisco'scB, 
 Proc'tica Maris'ca cruen'ta, Bleeding or Open 
 Piles; and into H. non fluen'tes, Proc'tica 3Ia- 
 ris'ca ccBca, HmmorrhoV des cacce seu furen'tes, 
 HcBmorrhoida'les nodi, Shut or blind piles. They 
 have, also, been divided into internal or occult, 
 and external, according to their situation ; and 
 into accidental or constitutional. 
 
 Hemorrhoidal Tumours are extremely trouble- 
 some, by their disposition to frequent recurrence; 
 and they are apt to induce fistula; otherwise, 
 they are devoid of danger. When anatomically 
 examined, they are found not to consist in a va- 
 ricose dilatation of the veins of the rectum ; but 
 to be formed of a very close, spongy, texture ; 
 similar to that which surrounds the orifice of the 
 vagina; and to be erectile, like it. They are 
 surrounded by a delicate membrane, and have no 
 internal cavity. The treatment, in mild cases of 
 hemorrhoidal tumours, is simple. Rest; the ho- 
 rizontal posture ; the use of mild laxatives, as 
 sulphur, castor oil, and emollient glysters, will 
 be suflieient. If they be much inflamed, leeches 
 may be applied; and warm cataplasms or cold 
 lotions, according to circumstances, be prescribed, 
 with abstinence, and cooling drinks. Afterwards. 
 an ointment, composed of powdered galls and 
 opium, may afford relief. It is in the relaxed 
 kind, that such ointment, and the internal use of 
 Ward's Paste, can alone be expeclcid to afford 
 
 much benefit. If, after repeated attacks, the tu- 
 mours remain hard and painful, and threatea 
 fistula, they may be removed. 
 
 By Hemorrhoidal Flux, Fluxus Jiamorrhoida- 
 lis, Proctorrhag" ia, is meant the hemorrhage 
 which takes place from the rectum, owing to he- 
 morrhoids. It is a common affection. The quan- 
 tity of blood discharged is various : at times, it 
 is very trifling; at others, sufiicient to induce 
 great debility, and even death. It is announced 
 and accompanied by the same symptoms, as pre- 
 cede and attend hemorrhoidal tumours. Like 
 other hemorrhages it maybe active or passive ; 
 accidental or constitutional. The prognosis is 
 rarely unfavourable. The affection may, almost 
 always, be relieved by properly adapted means. 
 These resemble such as are necessary in hemor- 
 rhages in general. Perfect quietude, — mental 
 and corporeal, light diet, cooling drinks; bleeding 
 if the symptoms indicate it; astringents, (if the 
 disease be protracted and passive,) such as the 
 Tinctura Ferri Chloridi ; aspersions of cold 
 water on the anus : astringent injections ; plug- 
 ging and compression. Such will be the principal 
 remedial agents. When the hemorrh.Tge has be- 
 come habitual or is vicarious, some caution may 
 be required in checking it; and, if inconvenience 
 arise from a sudden suppression, its return may 
 be solicited by the semicupium, sitting over warm 
 water; aioetic purgatives, glysters, irritating sup- 
 positories, &c. ; or leeches may be applied to tho 
 anus. 
 
 To the internal bleeding pile, a soft, red, straw- 
 berry-like elevation of the mucous membrane, 
 Dr. Houston, of Dublin, gives the name vascular 
 tumour. For its removal he recommends the ap- 
 plication of nitric acid, so as to produce slough- 
 ing of its surface. 
 
 Some authors have described a species of Z(?»j- 
 corrhoe'a Ana'lis or whitish discharge from the 
 anus, which often attends ordinary hajmorrhoids. 
 This they have called Proctica maris'ca muco'sa, 
 HcBmor' rho'is alba, Hcsmorrhag" ia muco'sa, Leu- 
 cor'rho'is, &c. It requires no special mention. 
 
 HyEMORRHOis AB ExANiA, Proctocele — h. Pro- 
 eedens. Proctocele. 
 
 HiEM ORRHOiS'CH^l SIS, from 'a<;.oppo,?, 
 'hcBmorrhois,' p£<ii, 'I flow,' and ia)(^eu), 'I restrain.' 
 Peten'tio fluxus hmmorrho'ida'lis. Suj^pression or 
 retention of the hemorrhoidal flux. 
 
 H^MORRHOPHE'SIS, Alsorp'tio sang'uinis, 
 from 'ai/ia, ' blood,' and pocpaw, ' I sip up.' Ab- 
 sorption of blood. 
 
 H^MORRHOPHILIA, Hromatophilia. 
 
 HiEMORRHOSCOPIA, Ilismatoscopia. 
 
 HiEMORRHYSIS, Hasmorrhagia. 
 
 HiEMOSCHEOCELE, Hasmatoscheocele. 
 
 H^MOSCOPIA, Hajmatoscopia. 
 
 H^MOSPASIA, see Ha;mospastic. 
 
 H^MOSPAS'TIC, (F.) Hemospasique, from 
 'aipia, ' blood,' and avaut, ' I draw.' An agent 
 which draws or attracts blood to a part ; as a 
 cupping-glass. The operation is termed Hmmos- 
 23a'sia, (F.) Hemospiasie. It is generally applied 
 to a process by which the air is exhausted over a 
 considerable surface, as over one or more of the 
 extremities, by an approjiriate pneumatic appa- 
 ratus. 
 
 HiEM0STA'SIA,i7cEmos'<asi's, Epid'esis, San', 
 guinis atagna'tio, (F.) Hemostasie, from 'aiixa, 
 'blood,' and aracns, 'stagnation.' Stagnation of 
 blood. This name has, also, been given to any 
 operation, the object of which is to arrest the flow 
 of blood. 
 
 ILEMOSTATICS, Haematostatica. 
 
 HiEMOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. 
 
EiEMOTEXIA 
 
 427 
 
 EALMTRODES 
 
 HiEJIOTEXIA, Heemateclysis. 
 - HiEMOTEXIS, Hcemateclysis. 
 
 HEMOTHORAX, Hfemathoras. 
 
 HiEMOTIS.MUS, Hemoptysis. 
 
 HEMOT'ROPHY, Hmmotroph'ia ; from 'ai^a, 
 'blood,' and rpo^r/, 'nourishment.' Excess of 
 sanguineous nourishment. — Prout. 
 
 HEMURIA, H£ematuria. 
 
 HiEMURESIS, Hajmaturia. 
 
 H-^MYDOR, Serum of the blood. 
 
 HiBREDITARIUS, Hereditary. 
 
 HESITATIO, Balbuties. 
 
 HiEVBA GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc 
 
 HAG ART), Haggard. 
 
 HAGE'NIA ABYSSIN'ICA, Brayera antTiel- 
 tnhi'ttca, Bank'sia Ahyssui'ica. An Abyssinian 
 tree of the famili/ Rosacea3 ; Sexual si/stem, Ico- 
 sandria Digynia, which the natives plant round 
 their habitations, as an ornament. The infusion 
 or decoction of its flowers is emploj'ed by them 
 as an authelmintic, especially in cases of tape- 
 worm. It is called, there, Cusso or Kosso, and 
 Sabbi. 
 
 HAGGARD, (F.) Hagard. The French use 
 the term Air Tiagard, Q^il hagard, 'Haggard 
 air,' 'Haggard eye,' for a physiognomy, in which 
 there is at once an expression of madness and 
 terror. 
 
 HAGIOSPERMUM, Artemisia santoniea. 
 
 HAGIOXYLUM, Guaiacum. 
 
 HAIL, Chalaza. 
 
 HAIR, Sax. hsei', Orines, Pilus, TJirix, Pile, 
 (F.) Poil. A conical, corneous substance, the free 
 portion or shaft, scryjii-s, of which issues to a greater 
 or less distance from the skin, to the tissue of 
 which it adheres by a bulb, Bidbus jjHi, seated in 
 the areolar membrane, — where alone it is sensi- 
 ble. The hair receives various names in different 
 parts — as Beard, Cilia, Eyebrows, Hair of the 
 head {OajyiUi,) &o. 
 
 Hair, Falling off op the. Alopecia — h. Mat- 
 ted, Plica — h. Mviscular, Dracunculus — h. Plaited, 
 Plica — b. Trichomatose, Plica — h. Worm, Seta 
 equina, see Ectozoa. 
 
 HAIRY, Pileous. 
 
 HAL, Salt. 
 
 HALA'TION', Hala'tium ; diminutive of 'aXf, 
 'salt.' A pungent remedy, with the ancients, 
 ■which contained salts. 
 
 HALCHEMI'A. The alcbymists so called the 
 art of fusing salts : from *aXj, ' salt,' and x^'^' ' -"■ 
 pour out.'- — Libavius. 
 
 HALCYON, Alcyon. 
 
 HALCYONIUM ROTUNDUM, Pila marina. 
 
 HALE, Ephelides. 
 
 HALEINE, Breath — h. Courte, Dyspnoea. 
 
 HALELE'ON, HalelcB'um, from 'a\i, 'salt,' 
 and tXaiov, 'oil.' Oleum Sali mixtum. A mix- 
 ture of oil and salt, for removing swellings of the 
 joints. — Galen. 
 
 HALETERATION, Alteration. 
 
 HALF-CASTE, Half-Cast, see Caste. A term 
 applied, in India, to the offspring of a Hindoo 
 and a European. Since, extended to the offspring 
 of mixed races. The subjoined list from Tschudi's 
 Travels in Peru, 1838 — 1842, shows the parent- 
 age of the different varieties of half-casts, and 
 also the proper designations of the latter, as ob- 
 served in South America. 
 
 Parents. Children. 
 
 White Fnther and Negro Mother, Mulatto. 
 White Fatlierand Indian Mother, Meztizo. 
 Indian Fal Iter and Negro Mother, Chi no. 
 VVUite Father and Mulatia Mother, Cuarteron. 
 
 f Creole (nnlydisfin. 
 
 I ciiished Irum tho 
 WhiteFatherandMestizaMother-^ white by a jiale 
 
 I brownish coniplex- 
 
 Lion.) 
 White Father and China Mother, Chino-blanco. 
 White Father and Cuarlerona ( „ . . 
 
 Mother jQujnteio. 
 
 White Father and Quintera Mo- 1 „,, .. 
 
 tiier I White. 
 
 Negro Father and Mulatta Mothef,Zanibo-negro. 
 Negro Father and Mezliza Motlier, Mulatto oscuro. 
 Negro Father and Cltina Mother, Zanibo cliino. 
 
 Negro Father and Zamba Mother, \ Zanibo-negro (per- 
 
 = / fectly black.) 
 
 Negro Father and Cuarterona or j Mulatto (rather 
 Ciuintera Mother, ( dark.) 
 
 Indian Father and 3Iulatta Mo- K „. . 
 jIjpj. ! China-oscuro. 
 
 Inchan^^auierand'M^iza'Mo: ;^;|^-l:;-,(^: 
 
 ^"'-'^ ( liful.) 
 
 Indian Father and China Mother, Cliino-cholo. 
 Indian Father and Zamba Mo- j zambcclaro. 
 
 t her ( 
 
 Indian Father with China-cliola I Tridiaii (with rather 
 
 Mother ) short frizzy hair.) 
 
 Indian Fatlier and Cuarterona or \ Meztizo (rather 
 
 Quintera Mother ( brown.) 
 
 Mulatto J'atiier and Zamba Mo- ) Zanibo (a misera- 
 
 tlier / ble race) 
 
 Mulatto Father and Meztiza Mo- j Chi no (of rather 
 
 ther. / clear complexion.) 
 
 Mulatto Father and China ]Mother,Chino(raiherdark.) 
 
 See Mulatto. 
 
 HALICA, Alica. 
 
 HALICACALUM, Physalis. 
 
 HALICES, Pandiculation. 
 
 HALIDRYS VESICULOSA, Fucus vesicu- 
 losus. 
 
 HALINA'TRUM, Halini'trum, Haloni'trum } 
 from 'aXj, 'salt,' and natriim or natron. A name 
 given by the ancients to subearbonate of soda, 
 containing a little subearbonate of ammonia, 
 which is found, ready-formed, on the piaster of 
 damp walls, in places inhabited by man or ani- 
 mals. Also, Potassfe nitras. 
 
 HALIXITRUM, Halinatrum. 
 
 HALINUS, Saline. 
 
 HAL'ITUOUS, Halituo'sus, from halitus, 'va- 
 pour.' (F.) Halitueux. The skin is said to be ha- 
 litueuse, when covered with a gentle moisture. 
 The vapour, exhaled in all the cavities of the 
 body, so long as the blood is warm, is called 
 Hal'itus. The odorous vapour, exhaled by the 
 blood itself whilst warm, is called Hal'itus San'- 
 guinis. 
 
 Halitus, Breath — h. Oris Foetidus, Breath, 
 offensive — h. Sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis. See Ha- 
 lituous. 
 
 HALL, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 springs of Hall, in Upper Austria, contain iodine. 
 
 HALLUCINATIO HYPOCHONDRIASIS, 
 Hypochondriasis — h. Vertigo, Vertigo. 
 
 "jiAhLJ] cm A'T101:^,Hallucina'tio,ffah,cina'. 
 tio, Falla'cia, lUu'sio senses, Socor'dia, Alu'sia, 
 Tll'u'sio, Allucina' tio, Parora'sis, Somnia'tio in 
 statu vig"ili, Ido'lum, Wahing dream, Phan'tasm, 
 from allucinari, 'to err;' 'to be deceived.' A 
 morbid error in one or more of the senses. Per- 
 ception of objects, which do not in fact exert any 
 impression on the external senses. Hallucination 
 or delusion almost always, if not always, depends 
 on disorder of the brain, but is not an index of 
 insanity, unless the patient believes in the exist- 
 ence of the subject of the hallucination. 
 
 HALLUS, Pollex pedis. 
 
 HALLUX, Pollex pedis. 
 
 HALME, Muria. 
 
 H A L M Y R ' D E S, Salsugino'sus, Saimmg"i. 
 nous, from 'aA/jiiptj, ('aX/^i;, 'sea-water,' 'a)><;, salt,') 
 'a salt liquor,' saltish. An enJ^hct given to any 
 
HALMYRUS 
 
 428 
 
 HAKMONT 
 
 affection, in which the heat feels pungent under 
 the finger of the physician. — Illpjjocrates. 
 
 HALMYRUS, Saline. 
 
 HALO, Areola. 
 
 Halo Signa'tus. The impression made by 
 the ciliary processes on the anterior surface oi the 
 vitreous humour. So called from its consisting 
 of a circle of indentations. — Sir C. Bell. Called 
 by Haller, Stria: ret'incB subject'cB ligamen'to 
 eilia'ri. • 
 
 HALODBm5'UM,from 'aXf, 'salt,' and Scfiaiov, 
 *'a collar,' (Ssgrj, 'neck.') Colla'rium sail' num. 
 A collar of salt applied to the neck, as in cases 
 of croup. 
 
 HALOGEl^E, Chlorine. 
 
 HALOID UM OXYGENATUM, Potassse mu- 
 rias hyperoxygenatus. 
 
 HALONIITIS, Induration of the cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 HALONITRUM, Halinatrum. 
 
 HALOPE'GiE, from 'aXj, 'a\o<;, 'salt,' and 
 Tiiytj, 'a spring.' Mineral waters whose chief in- 
 gredient is common salt — chloride of sodium. 
 
 HALOS, Areola. 
 
 HALOT'YLE, Cul'cita sali'na, from 'a\g, ' salt,' 
 and TvXr), ' a bolster.' A bolster or pillow of salt 
 recommended in croup. 
 
 HALS, 'a\s, ' salt;' hence Halogene, Haloid, kc. 
 
 HALTE'RES. Pieces of lead held in the 
 hands by the ancients to assist them in leaping. 
 
 IIALUCINATIO, Hallucination. 
 
 HALYCODES, Saline. 
 
 HALYCIS MEMBRANACEA, Bothriocepha- 
 lus latus — h. Solium, Taenia solium. 
 
 HAM, Poples. 
 
 HAMAME'LIS VIRGINIA'NA, H. Virgin'i- 
 ca, Witch hazel, Winter loiteh hazel, Snapping 
 Hazelnut, Winter bloom. The bark of this tree, 
 which is a native of the United States, is some- 
 what bitter and sensibly astringent; but it has 
 not been much used. A cataplasm of the inner 
 rind of the bark is said to have been found eflSca- 
 cious in painful inflammation of the eyes. 
 
 HAMARTHRI'TIS, Holarthri'tis, Catholar- 
 thri'tis, Arthri'tis universa'lis, from 'a^a, ' at 
 once,' and apOpirts, 'gout.' Gout in all the joints. 
 Universal gout. 
 
 HAM'MA, Nodus, 'a tie.' A knot, used for 
 retaining bandages on any part. — Hippocrates. 
 A truss. 
 
 HAMPSTEAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters, situate in the neighbourhood of 
 Lfjndon, are a good chalybeate. 
 
 HAMSTRING, To, see Hamstrings. 
 
 HAMSTRINGS, (F.) Jarretiera. The strings 
 or tendons of the ham. 
 
 The Hamstring Muscles are the biceps femo- 
 ris, whose tendon forms the outer hamstring ; and 
 the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis 
 and sartorius, whose tendons form the inner 
 hamstring. 
 
 ' To hamstring' means to cut the strings or ten- 
 dons of the ham. 
 
 HAMULAR PROCESS, see Hamulus. 
 
 HAM'ULUS. Diminutive oihamua, 'a hook.' 
 A hook or crook : Ancis'tron. Also, any hook- 
 Jike process ; as the hamulus or hamular process 
 bf the pterygoid process. 
 
 Hamulus Lamina Spiralis, see Lamina spi- 
 lalis. 
 
 HAMUS, see Hamulus. 
 
 HANCHE, Haunch. 
 
 HAND, Man us. 
 
 HANDS, DROPPED, Hand-drop, Wrist-drop. 
 A popular term for the paralysis of the hand, in- 
 duced by the action of lead. 
 
 HANGERS, Ciusta genu equina). 
 
 HANGNAIL, (F.) Envie. A portion of epi- 
 dermis, detached so as to tear the integument in 
 the vicinity of the finger nails. 
 
 HANNEBANE, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 HAPANTIS'MUS, Badly formed from iraj, 
 or 'ttiraf, * all.' Oblitera'tio comple'ta. The mat- 
 ting or growing together of organic parts. 
 
 HAPHE, 'a(t)ti, 'feeling, touch.' Hence: 
 
 HAPHON'OSI, Hajjhonu'si, from 'a(pv, 'the 
 touch.' ilorbi fauHis. Diseases of the sense of 
 touch. 
 
 HAPLOACNE, Acne simplex. 
 
 HAPLOPATHI'A, fiom 'o7.Xoj, 'simple,' and 
 ■naQog, ' disease.' Morbus simplex. A simple or 
 uncomplicated aifection. 
 
 HAPLOTOM'IA, Simplex sec'tio, Incis'io sim- 
 plex, Opera'tio simpilex, from 'an-Xof, 'simple,' and 
 Toii-n, ' incision.' A simple incision. 
 
 HAPSIS, Touch. 
 
 HAPTODYSPHOR'IA, Tactus dolorif'icus ; 
 from 'a<piu 'touch,' and 6va<popos, 'difficult to be 
 borne.' Painful to the touch. 
 
 HAPTOT'ICA, Haptot'ice, from 'afr,, 'touch.' 
 The doctrine of the phenomena of touch. 
 
 HARD, (G.) hart, Bwus, Scleras, (F.) Bur. 
 That which offers much resistance. In anatomy, 
 the hard parts are those which compose the os- 
 seous basis of the body; in other words, the skele- 
 ton. See Pulse, hard. 
 
 HARD'S FARINACEOUS FOOD, see Fari- 
 naceous. 
 
 HARDESIA, Hibernicus lapis. 
 
 HARDHACK, Spiraea tomentosa. 
 
 HARE-LIP, Lagochi'lus, Lagos'toma, Lagon'- 
 tomuni, Lagen'tomitm, La'bium Lepori'num, Olo- 
 pho'nia Labii Loba'ta, Lepori'num rostrum, (F.) 
 Bee de Lievre. A fissure or perpendicular divi- 
 sion of one or both lips. It has been so called, 
 in consequence of the upper lip of the hare being 
 thus divided. Hare-lip is generally congenital; 
 at other times it is accidental, or produced by a 
 wound, the edges of which have not been brought 
 into contact, and have healed separately. It is 
 simple, when there is but one division; dotible, 
 when there are two; and complicated, when there 
 is, at the same time, a division or cleft of the su- 
 perior maxillary bone and of the palate — Cleft or 
 fis'snred palate, Wolf's jaw. Rictus lupi'nus ; or 
 a projection of the teeth into the separation of the 
 lip. 
 
 In the Hare-lip operation, there are two indi- 
 cations to be fulfilled. First, to pare, with the 
 knife or scissors, the edges of the cleft, and, af- 
 terwards, to preserve them in contact ; in order 
 to cause adhesion. This last object is accom- 
 plished by means of pins, passed through the 
 edges of the division ; in other words, by the 
 twisted suture. The projecting teeth must, of 
 course, be previously removed. If there be sepa- 
 ration of the palate, it will become less and less 
 after the union of the lip, or the operation of sta- 
 phyloraphy may be performed upon it. 
 
 Hare's Ear, Bupleurum rotundifolium — h. 
 Eye, Lagophthalmia. 
 
 HARGNE, Hernia — h. Anevrysmale, Cirsom- 
 phalus. 
 
 HARICOT, Phaseolus vulgaris— A. Grand de 
 Perou, Jatropha curcas. 
 
 HARMALIA, Aliment. 
 
 HARMONY, Hnrmo'nia, Harmos, primarily 
 from apui, ' I adjust.' Anatomists have called Su- 
 ture by Harmony or simply Harmony, False or 
 superficial suture, Sutu'ra os'sium spu'ria, Com- 
 pa'ges os'sium. per lin'eam sim'pliccm, an immov- 
 able articulation, in which the depressions and 
 eminences, presented by the bony surfaces, are 
 but slightly marked; so that it might be pre- 
 
HAKMUS 
 
 429 
 
 HEAKT 
 
 Bumed that the junction of the hones took place 
 hy simple apposition of their surfaces. An, in- 
 stance of harmony occurs in the union of the 
 superior maxillary bones with each other. 
 
 HAPtMlTS, Articulation, Harmony. 
 
 HAE'ROWGATE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The villages of High and Low Harrowgate are 
 situate in the centre of the county of York, near 
 Knaresborough, twenty miles from York, and 
 fifteen from Leeds. Here are several valuable 
 sulphurous and chalybeate springs. The sulphu- 
 reous springs contain chloride of sodium, chloride 
 of calcium, chloride of magnesium, bicarbonate 
 of soda, sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, carbu- 
 retted hydrogen, and azote. The chalyheate 
 sj}7-ings contain protoxide of iron, chloride of so- 
 dium, sulphate of soda, chloride of calcium, chlo- 
 ride of magnesium, carbonic acid, azote, and oxy- 
 gen. Eor the former, Harrowgate is celebrated 
 and frequented. 
 
 Hakrowgate Salts, Aetificial, are much 
 employed, and not unfrequently by those who 
 drink the genuine water, for the purpose of in- 
 creasing its aperient power. They may be made 
 as follows : — Sul]}!!. Potass, citm SulpJi. ^vj ; Po- 
 tass, hitart. §j ; Magnes. Suljih. in pulv. ^vj. M. 
 The usual dose is a teaspoonful, in a small tum- 
 blerful of tepid water, early in the morning. 
 
 Harrowgate Water, Artificial, may be 
 formed oi common salt, ^v; water, Oiij ; impreg- 
 nated with the gas from sulphuret of piotass, and 
 snlphurie acid, aa giv. The following form has 
 also been recommended. R- StdpJiat. Potass, 
 ciim sulph. (Ph. Ed.) ^y, Potass, hitart. ^ss ; 
 Magnes. sidpihat. ^vj ; Aqum destillat. Oij. One- 
 half to be taken for a dose. 
 
 HARTFELL, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Hartfell Spa is about five miles from Moiiat, in 
 Scotland. The water is a chalybeate, and is 
 much used. 
 
 HARTSHORN, Cervus, Cornu cervi, Liquor 
 cornu cervi — h. Red, Spiritus lavandulse com- 
 positus — h. and Oil, Linimentum ammonise car- 
 bonatis. 
 
 HARTS' TONGUE, Asplenium seolopendrium. 
 
 HARTWORT OF MARSEILLES, Seseli tor- 
 tuosum. 
 
 HASCHICH, see Bangue. 
 
 HAST A, Penis — h. Nuptialis, Penis — h. Vi- 
 rilis. Penis. 
 
 HASTELLA, Splint. 
 
 HASTINGS, CLIMATE OF. This place has 
 the reputation of being one of the mildest and 
 most sheltered winter residences on the south 
 coast of England. Owing to its low situation, 
 and the height of the neighbouring cliifs, it is 
 protected in a great degree from all northerly 
 winds ; and hence is found a favourable residence 
 generally for invalids labouring under diseases 
 of the chest. 
 
 HAS'TULA REGIS, Asphodelus ramosus. 
 
 HATFIELD'S TINCTURE, see Tinctura Gua- 
 iaci ammoniata. 
 
 HAUNCH, (7o£ra,(7oxe7j'(fix, oftheLatins; ay^V, 
 or ia)(^iov, of the Greeks; Ancha, IscJiion, Osphi/s, 
 Hip, Cossa, (F.) Hanche. The region of the trunk 
 which is formed by the lateral parts of the pelvis 
 and the hip-joint, including the soft parts. In 
 women, on account of the greater width of the 
 pelvis, the haunches are more marked and pro- 
 minent than in men. 
 
 HAUSTEL'LATE, Haustella'tus, from Tiaurio, 
 Tiaiistus, ' I drink up.' An epithet for the struc- 
 ture of mouth, which is adapted for drinking or 
 pumping up liquids. Insects, which possess that 
 kind of mouth, are so named. Ehrenberg refers 
 the fancied spermatozoon to the haustellate en- 
 tozoa. 
 
 HAUSTUS, Po'tio, Potiun'eida. A BrangTit. 
 A liquid medicine, which can be taken at a 
 draught. 
 
 Hatjstus Niger, see Infusum senna3 compo- 
 situm. 
 
 HA UT 3IAL, Epilepsy. 
 
 HAVAN'A or HAVAN'NAH, CLIMATE OF. 
 The climate of Cuba is often selected for the 
 phthisical invalid during the winter months, and 
 so far as regards elevation and comparative equa- 
 bility of temperature, it is more favourable for 
 those of weak lungs than that of the United 
 States. The mean annual temperature is high 
 (78°), hut the difference between the mean tem- 
 perature of the warmest and coldest months ia 
 twice as great as at Madeira. 
 
 HAW, BLACK, Viburnum prunifolium. 
 
 HAWKNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum. 
 
 HAWKWEED, VEINY, Hieracium venosum. 
 
 HAWTHORN, WHITE, Mespilus oxyacan- 
 tha. 
 
 HAY, CAMEL'S, Juncus odoratus^ — h. Asthma, 
 Fever, Hay. 
 
 HAYRIFF, Galium aparine. 
 
 HAZEL, BEAKED, Corylus rostrata— h. Crot- 
 tles. Lichen pulmonarius — h. Nut, snapping, Ha- 
 mamelis Virginiana — h. Nut tree, Corylus avel- 
 lana — h. Witch, Hamamelis Virginiana. 
 
 HEAD, Sax. heajro6, heaF6, heaved; the past 
 participle of heaJTan, ' to heave up.' Caput, Ce- 
 l)hale, Ci/'be, (F.) Tete. The head forms the 
 upper extremity of the body, and tops the skele- 
 ton. It consists of the cranium and face. The 
 first, which comprises all the superior and poste- 
 rior part, has the encephalon in its cavity : the 
 latter forms only the anterior part, and serves as 
 the receptacle for the greater part of the organs 
 of the senses. 
 
 Head, Water ix the, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 Head Ach, Cephalasa, Cephalalgia — h. Ach, 
 intermittent. Cephalalgia periodica — h. Ach, sick, 
 Cephala3ji spasmodica. 
 
 HEADY, same etymon as Head. (F.) Capitenx. 
 That which inebriates readily. An epithet, ap- 
 plied to wines, which possess this quality. 
 
 HEAL-ALL, Collinsonia Canadensis, Prunella 
 vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa. 
 
 HEALING, Curative— h. Art, Medicine. 
 
 HEALTH, Sanitas. 
 
 HEALTHY, Salutary. 
 
 HEARING, HARDNESS OF, Deafness — h. 
 Perverse, Paracusis perversa. 
 
 HEART, Sax. heojic, Germ. Herz, Cor, Cear, 
 Cer, Car'dia, Kcap, ')cTip, KapSia, (F.) Cosur. An 
 azygous muscle, of an ii-regularly pyramidal 
 shape; situate obliquely and a little to the left 
 side, in the chest ; — resting on the diaphragm by 
 one of its surfaces : — suspended by its base from 
 the great vessels ; free and movable in the rest 
 of its extent, and surrounded by the pericardium. 
 The right side of the body of the heart is thin 
 and sharp, and is called Margo acu'tvs: the left 
 is thick and round, and termed Margo ohtu'sus. 
 It is hollow within, and contains four cavities ; 
 two of which, with thinner and less fleshy walls, 
 receive the blood from the lungs and the rest of 
 the body, and pour it into two others, with thick 
 and very fleshy parietes, which send it to the 
 lungs and to every part of the body. Of these 
 cavities, the former are called auricles, the latter 
 ventricles. The right auricle and right ventricle 
 form ih^ Pulmonic or right or anterior heart, (F.) 
 Cceur du ponmon, C. du sang noir, C. droi*, C. 
 anterieur: and the left auricle and ventricle, tlio 
 systemic, corporeal, left, or aortic heart, (F.) Cwnr 
 du corps, C. gaitche, C. aortioue ou C. range. In 
 the adult, these are totally distinct fr'im each 
 other, being separated by a partition ; — the *ej> 
 
HEAET 
 
 430 
 
 HEAT 
 
 turn cordis. Into the riglit auricle, the venss 
 cava;, — superior and inferior, — and the coronary 
 vein, open. The pulmonary artery arises from 
 the right ventricle ; the four pulmonary veins 
 open into the left auricle, and the aorta arises 
 froin the left ventricle. 
 
 The mean weight of the heart, in the adult, 
 from the twenty-fifth to the sixtieth year, is, ac- 
 cording to Bouiilaud, from eight to nine ounces. 
 The dimensions, according to Lobstein and Bouii- 
 laud, are as follows : -^ Length, from base to 
 apes, five inches six lines: breadth, at the base, 
 three inches; thickness of the walls of the left 
 ventricle, seven lines ; at a finger's breadth above 
 the apex, four lines ; thickness of the walls of the 
 right ventricle, two and a quarter lines ; at the 
 apex, half a line ,: thickness of right auricle, one 
 line; of the left auricle, half a line. The heart 
 is covered, externally, by a very thin, membra- 
 nous reflection from the pericardium. The vtyas- 
 cular structure of which it is constituted is much 
 thicker in the parietes of the ventricle than in 
 those of the auricles. Its cavities are lined by a 
 very delicate membrane, the endocardium, which 
 is continuous with the inner membrane of the 
 arteries, as regards the left cavities, and with that 
 of the veins, as regards the right. Its arteries — 
 the CO /•ojjar^ — arise from the commencement of the 
 aorta. Its nerves proceed, chiefly, from the pneu- 
 mogastric and the cervical ganglions of the great 
 sympathetic. The heart is the great agent in 
 the circulation. By its contraction, the blood is 
 sent over every part of the body. Its action does 
 not seem to be directly owing to nervous influ- 
 ence received from the brain or spinal marrow, 
 or from both. The circulation may, indeed, be 
 kept up, for some time, if both brain and spinal 
 marrow be destroyed. 
 
 When the ear is applied to the chest, a dull, 
 lengthened sound is heard, which is synchronous 
 ■with the arterial pulse. This is instantly suc- 
 ceeded by a sharp, quick sound, like that of the 
 valve of a bellows or the lapping of a dog, and 
 this is followed by a period of repose. The first 
 sound appears to be mainly produced by the con- 
 traction of the ventricles ; the second, by the re- 
 flux of the blood against the semilunar valves. 
 These are what are called the Sounds of the 
 Heart. Dr. C. J. B. WDliams thinks that the 
 word lulh-dup conveys a notion of the two 
 sounds. The Berninfi or Impulse of the heart, 
 Heart-stroke, against the parietes of the chest is 
 mainly caused, perhaps, bv the systole of the 
 heart, which tends to project it forwards. It is 
 doubted, however, by some, whether the impul- 
 sion be produced by the dilatation or the eon- 
 traction of the ventricles. 
 
 The following table exhibits the different ac- 
 tions of the heart, and their coincidence with its 
 sounds and impulse. It presumes, that the period 
 from the commencement of one pulsation to that 
 of another is divided into eight parts; and if the 
 case of a ]ser.«!on, whose pulse beats sixty times 
 in a minute, be taken, each of these parts will 
 represent the eighth of a second. 
 
 Eighths op a Second. 
 
 Last part of the pause, . . .1. .Auricles contracting; 
 ventricles distend- 
 ed. 
 
 First sound andimpulse, .4. .Ventricles contract- 
 ing; auricles dilat- 
 ing. 
 
 Isecond sound, 2. .Ventricles dilating ; 
 
 a\iricles dilating. 
 
 Pause, 1. .Ventricles dilating; 
 
 auricles distended. 
 The heart is subject to different organic dis- 
 
 eases ; the chief of which are aveiirism, contrac- 
 tion of the apertures, and rupture of iti parietes. 
 
 Heart, Atrophy of the, Atroph'ia sen Ari- 
 du'ra Cordis, Phthisis Cordis, Cardiatrop)h'ia, 
 Acardiotroph'ia. A condition of the organ in 
 which there is diminution in the thickness of the 
 parietes of the whole organ. 
 
 Heart, Beating of the, see Heart — h. Dila- 
 tation of the, see Aneurism — h. Displacement of 
 the. Ectopia Cordis — h. Fatty, Steatosis cordis. 
 
 Heart, Hy'pertrophy of the, Hypertro2jh'ia 
 Cordis, Hypercor'dia, Hypersarco'sis Cordis, Hy- 
 percardiotroph'ia, Cardiaiix'e, Aneurys'ma cor- 
 dis acti'vum (Corvisart), Cor hovi'num, (F.) Hy- 
 j^ertropjhie du Coeur. Supernutrition of the mus- 
 cular parietes of the heart, which are thicker than 
 usual; the cavities being generally diminished. 
 The pihysical sirjns which indicate it are the fol- 
 lowing. In cases of long standing, the praicordial 
 region is generally prominent; the pulsations of 
 the heart are visible over a greater extent than 
 natural; and a marked vibration is communi- 
 cated to the hand when placed on the cardiac 
 region. The dull sound on percussion is more 
 extensive than natural ; and on auscultation 
 there is a permanent increase of the force and 
 extent of the heart's action ; there is no increase, 
 however, of frequency, and the rhythm is regular. 
 The pulse is generally strong, full, and hard. 
 
 Heart, Hypertrophy with Dilatation op 
 the, Active an'eurism, Eccen'tric hy'pjertropihy. 
 In this aifection, the pulsations can be seen and 
 felt over a larger space, and the apes is more to 
 the left and lower down than natural. The im- 
 pulse is less steady, but at times more violent 
 than that which accompanies simple hypertrophy. 
 Percussion gives more distinct evidence of the en- 
 largement, the sound being more extensively dull. 
 On auscultation, the impulse is often violent, but 
 irregular : in extreme cases, it produces the sen- 
 sation of a large mass of flesh rolling or revolving 
 beneath the ear. The pulse is strong, full, and 
 vibratory. The shock of the heart's action is 
 often transmitted to the whole person, and to the 
 bed on which the patient is lying. 
 
 Heart, Concentric Hypertrophy of the, Car- 
 diarctie, is when the parietes augment at the ex- 
 pense of the cavities. 
 
 Heart, Impulse of the, see Heart — h. Neu- 
 ralgia of the. Angina Pectoris — h. Rupture of the, 
 Cardiorrhexis — h. Sounds of the, see Heart — h. 
 Stroke, see Heart. 
 
 HEART'S EASE, Viola tricolor. 
 
 HEARTS, LYMPH, Lymphatic hearts — h. 
 Lymphatic, Lymphatic hearts. 
 
 HEARTBURN, Ardor ventriculi, Cardialgia- 
 
 HEARTWORT, Laserpitium album. 
 
 HEAT, past participle of Sax. haeran, 'to make 
 warm.' Color, Therrna, ^epi^}/. (F.) Chaleiir. 
 The material cause, which produces the sensa- 
 tion — or the particular sensation itself — produced 
 by a body of an elevated temperature, on our or- 
 gans, especially on the organs of touch. Jlodem 
 chymists have given the name f'nlo'ric to the 
 principle, whatever may be its nature, which is 
 the cause of heat. "When we touch a body of a 
 temperature superior to our own, a portion of 
 caloric passes from the body to the hard, and 
 produces the sensation of heat. If, on the con- 
 trnrv, we touch a body of a tenircraturc inferior 
 to our own, we communicate a portion of our 
 caloric to it, and experience the scn,=atiori of cold. 
 Our own sensations are but impirfect indexes of 
 tompernture. Two men meeting "'t the middle 
 of a mountain, — the one aFccndin/, the otlier do- 
 sf'cnding, — will experience difii nnf sensations. 
 The one ascending, passes froni :;. warmer to a 
 
HEAT 
 
 431 
 
 HEAT 
 
 colder atmosphere; — tlie one descending from a 
 colder to a tn armer. 
 
 The chief instrument for measuring heat, nsed 
 in medicine, is the thermometer. Of this there 
 
 are three kinds: — that of Fahrenheit, that of 
 Reaumur, and that of Celsius or the Centigrade. 
 The following Table exhibits the correspondence 
 of these different thermometric scales. 
 
 Fah. 
 
 Keau. 
 
 Centig. 
 
 Fall. 
 
 Reau. 
 
 Centig. 
 
 Fah. 
 
 Keau. 
 
 Centig. 
 
 Fah. 
 
 Eeau. 
 
 Centig. 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 212a 
 
 80.00 
 
 100.00 
 
 148 
 
 51.55 
 
 64.44 
 
 85 
 
 23.55 
 
 29.44 
 
 22 
 
 — 4.44 ' 
 
 — 5.55 
 
 211 
 
 79.55 
 
 99.44 
 
 147 
 
 51.11 
 
 63.88 
 
 84 
 
 23.11 
 
 28.88 
 
 21 
 
 — 4.88 
 
 — 6.11 
 
 21u6 
 
 79.11 
 
 98.88 
 
 146 
 
 50.66 
 
 63.-33 
 
 83 
 
 22.66 
 
 28.33 
 
 20m 
 
 — 5.33 
 
 — 6.66 
 
 209 
 
 7S.66 
 
 98.33 
 
 145 
 
 50.22 
 
 62.77 
 
 82 
 
 22.22 
 
 27.77 
 
 19 
 
 — 5.77 
 
 — 7.22 
 
 208 
 
 78.22 
 
 97.77 
 
 144 
 
 49.77 
 
 62.22 
 
 810 
 
 21.77 
 
 27.22 
 
 18 
 
 — 6.22 
 
 — 7.77 
 
 207 
 
 77.77 
 
 97.22 
 
 143 
 
 49.33 
 
 61 .66 
 
 80 
 
 21.33 
 
 26.66 
 
 17 
 
 — 6.66 
 
 — 8.33 
 
 206 
 
 77..33 
 
 96.66 
 
 142^ 
 
 48.88 
 
 61.11 
 
 79 
 
 20.88 
 
 26.11 
 
 16 
 
 -7.11 
 
 — 8.88 
 
 205 
 
 76.SS 
 
 96.11 
 
 141 
 
 48.44 
 
 60.55 
 
 78 
 
 20.'14 
 
 25.55 
 
 15 
 
 — 7.55 
 
 — 9.44 
 
 204 
 
 76.4i 
 
 95.55 
 
 140 
 
 48.00 
 
 60.00 
 
 77 
 
 20.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 14 
 
 — 8.00 
 
 —10.00 
 
 203 
 
 76.00 
 
 95.00 
 
 139 
 
 47.55 
 
 59.44 
 
 76p 
 
 19.55 
 
 24.44 
 
 13 
 
 — 8.44 
 
 — lO.f.5 
 
 202 
 
 75.55 
 
 94.44 
 
 138 
 
 47.11 
 
 58.88 
 
 75 
 
 19.11 
 
 23.88 
 
 12 
 
 — 8.88 
 
 —11.11 
 
 201 
 
 75.11 
 
 93.88 
 
 137 
 
 46.66 
 
 58.33 
 
 74 
 
 18.66 
 
 23.33 
 
 11 
 
 — 9.33 
 
 —11.66 
 
 200 
 
 74.66 
 
 93.33 
 
 136 
 
 46.22 
 
 57.77 
 
 73 
 
 18.22 
 
 22.77 
 
 10 
 
 — 9.77 
 
 —12.22 
 
 139 
 
 74.22 
 
 92.77 
 
 135 
 
 45.77 
 
 57.22 
 
 72 
 
 17.77 
 
 22.22 
 
 9 
 
 —10.22 
 
 —12.77 
 
 198 
 
 73.77 
 
 92.22 
 
 1.34 
 
 45.33 
 
 56.66 
 
 71 - 
 
 17.33 
 
 21.66 
 
 8 
 
 —10.66 
 
 —13.33 
 
 197 
 
 73.33 
 
 91.66 
 
 133^ 
 
 44.84 
 
 58.11 
 
 70 
 
 16.88 
 
 21.11 
 
 Iv 
 
 —11.11 
 
 — 13.S8 
 
 19Gc 
 
 72.88 
 
 91.11 
 
 132 
 
 44.45 
 
 55.55 
 
 69 
 
 16.44 
 
 20.55 
 
 6 
 
 —11.55 
 
 —14.44 
 
 195 
 
 72.44 
 
 90.55 
 
 131 
 
 44.00 
 
 55.00 
 
 68 
 
 16.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 5 
 
 —12.00 
 
 —15.00 
 
 194 
 
 72.00 
 
 90.00 
 
 130 
 
 43.55 
 
 54.44 
 
 67 
 
 15.55 
 
 19.44 
 
 4 
 
 —12.44 
 
 —15.55 
 
 193 
 
 71.55 
 
 89.44 
 
 129 
 
 43.11 
 
 53.88 
 
 66 
 
 15.11 
 
 18. .88 
 
 3 
 
 — 12.SS 
 
 —16.11 
 
 192 
 
 71.11 
 
 88.88 
 
 128 
 
 42.66 
 
 53.33 
 
 65 
 
 14.66 
 
 18.33 
 
 2 
 
 —13.33 
 
 —16.66 
 
 191 
 
 70.66 
 
 88.33 
 
 127 
 
 42.22 
 
 52.77 
 
 64 
 
 14.22 
 
 17.77 
 
 1 
 
 —13.77 
 
 — 17 ,22 
 
 190 
 
 70.22 
 
 87.77 
 
 126 
 
 41.77 
 
 52.22 
 
 63 
 
 13.77 
 
 17.22 
 
 
 
 —14.22 
 
 —17.77 
 
 189 
 
 69.77 
 
 87.22 
 
 125 
 
 41.33 
 
 51.66 
 
 62 
 
 13.33 
 
 16.66 
 
 — 1 
 
 —14.66 
 
 -18.83 
 
 ISS 
 
 69.33 
 
 86.66 
 
 124 
 
 40.88 
 
 51.11 
 
 61 
 
 12.88 
 
 16.11 
 
 — 2w 
 
 —15.11 
 
 -18.88 
 
 187 
 
 68.88 
 
 86.11 
 
 123 
 
 40.44 
 
 50.55 
 
 60 
 
 12.44 
 
 15.55 
 
 — 3 
 
 — ^15.55 
 
 —19.44 
 
 1S6 
 
 68.44 
 
 85.55 
 
 122 
 
 40.00 
 
 50.00 
 
 59 
 
 12.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 — 4 
 
 —16.00 
 
 —20.00 
 
 185 
 
 6S.00 
 
 85.00 
 
 121 
 
 39.55 
 
 49.44 
 
 58 
 
 11.55 
 
 14.4-1 
 
 — 5 
 
 —16.44 
 
 —20.55 
 
 1S4 
 
 67.55 
 
 84.44 
 
 120 
 
 S9.ll 
 
 48.88 
 
 57 
 
 11.11 
 
 13.88 
 
 — 6 
 
 —16.88 
 
 —21.11 
 
 183 
 
 67.11 
 
 83.88 
 
 119 
 
 38.66 
 
 48.33 
 
 56 
 
 10.66 
 
 13.33 
 
 — Ix 
 
 —17.33 
 
 —21.66 
 
 1S2 
 
 66.66 
 
 83.33 
 
 118 
 
 38.22 
 
 47.77 
 
 55 
 
 10.22 
 
 12.77 
 
 — 8 
 
 —17.77 
 
 22.22 
 
 ISl 
 
 66.22 
 
 82.77 
 
 117 
 
 37.77 
 
 47.22 
 
 54 
 
 9.77 
 
 12.22 
 
 — 9 
 
 -18.22 
 
 — 22J7 
 
 ISO 
 
 65.77 
 
 82.22 
 
 116 
 
 37.33 
 
 46.66 
 
 53 
 
 9.33 
 
 11.66 
 
 —10 
 
 —18.66 
 
 —23.33 
 
 179 
 
 65.33 
 
 81.66 
 
 115 
 
 36.88 
 
 46.11 
 
 52 
 
 8.88 
 
 11.11 
 
 —112/ 
 
 —19.11 
 
 —23.88 
 
 nu ' 
 
 6-i.S8 
 
 81.11 
 
 114 
 
 36.44 
 
 45.55 
 
 51 
 
 8.44 
 
 10.55 
 
 —12 
 
 —19.55 
 
 —24.44 
 
 177 
 
 64.44 
 
 80.55 
 
 113 
 
 36.00 
 
 45.00 
 
 503 
 
 8.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 —13 
 
 —20.00 
 
 —25.00 
 
 176 
 
 64.00 
 
 80.00 
 
 112 
 
 35.55 
 
 44.44 
 
 49 
 
 7.55 
 
 9.44 
 
 —14 
 
 —20.44 
 
 — 25.55 
 
 175 
 
 63.55 
 
 79.44 
 
 111 
 
 35.11 
 
 43.88 
 
 48 
 
 7.11 
 
 8.88 
 
 —15 
 
 —20.88 
 
 —26.11 
 
 174e 
 
 63.11 
 
 78.88 
 
 llDi 
 
 34.66 
 
 43.33 
 
 47 
 
 6.66 
 
 8.-33 
 
 —16 
 
 —21.33 
 
 —26.66 
 
 173 
 
 62.66 
 
 78..33 
 
 109 
 
 34.22 
 
 42.77 
 
 46 
 
 6.22 
 
 7.77 
 
 —17 
 
 —21.77 
 
 —27.22 
 
 172 
 
 62.22 
 
 77.77 
 
 108 
 
 33.77 
 
 42.22 
 
 45 
 
 5.77 
 
 7.22 
 
 —18 
 
 22.22 
 
 —27.77 
 
 171 
 
 61.77 
 
 77.22 
 
 107 
 
 33.33 
 
 41.60 
 
 44 
 
 5.33 
 
 6.66 
 
 —19 
 
 —22.66 
 
 —28.33 
 
 170 
 
 61..33 
 
 76!66 
 
 10 6i 
 
 32.88 
 
 41.11 
 
 43 
 
 4.88 
 
 6.11 
 
 —20 
 
 —23.11 
 
 —28.88 
 
 169 
 
 60.88 
 
 76.11 
 
 105 
 
 32.44 
 
 40.55 
 
 42 
 
 4.44 
 
 5.55 
 
 —21 
 
 —23.55 
 
 —29.44 
 
 ICS 
 
 60.44 
 
 75.55 
 
 104^ 
 
 32.00 
 
 40.00 
 
 41 
 
 4.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 —22 
 
 —24.00 
 
 —30.00 
 
 107/ 
 
 60.00 
 
 75.00 
 
 103 
 
 31.55 
 
 39.44 
 
 40 
 
 3.55 
 
 4.44 
 
 —23 
 
 —24.44 
 
 —30.55 
 
 166 
 
 59.55 
 
 74.44 
 
 102; 
 
 31.11 
 
 38.88 
 
 39 
 
 3.11 
 
 3.88 
 
 —24 
 
 —24.88 
 
 —31.11 
 
 165 
 
 59.11 
 
 73.88 
 
 101 
 
 30.66 
 
 38.33 
 
 38 
 
 2.66 
 
 3.33 
 
 —25 
 
 -25.33 
 
 -51.69 
 
 164 
 
 58.66 
 
 73.33 
 
 loom 
 
 30.22 
 
 37.77 
 
 37 
 
 2.22 
 
 2.77 
 
 —26 
 
 —25.77 
 
 —32.22 
 
 163 
 
 58.22 
 
 72.77 
 
 99 
 
 29.77 
 
 37.22 
 
 36 
 
 1.77 
 
 2.22 
 
 —27 
 
 —26.22 
 
 —32.77 
 
 162 
 
 57.77 
 
 72.22 
 
 9Sw 
 
 29.-33 
 
 36.66 
 
 35 
 
 1.33 
 
 1.66 
 
 —28 
 
 —26.66 
 
 —33.33 
 
 161 
 
 57.-33 
 
 71.66 
 
 97 
 
 28.88 
 
 36.11 
 
 34 
 
 0.88 
 
 1.11 
 
 —29 
 
 —27.11 
 
 —33.88 
 
 160 
 
 56.88 
 
 71.11 
 
 96 
 
 28.44 
 
 35.55 
 
 33 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.55 
 
 —30 
 
 —27.55 
 
 —34.44 
 
 159 
 
 56.44 
 
 70.55 
 
 95 
 
 28.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 32r 
 
 0.00 
 
 0.00 
 
 —31 
 
 —28.84 
 
 —35.00 
 
 158 
 
 56.00 
 
 70.00 
 
 94 
 
 27.55 
 
 34.44 
 
 31 
 
 —0.44 
 
 —0.55 
 
 —52 
 
 —28.00 
 
 —35.55 
 
 157 
 
 55.55 
 
 69.44 
 
 93 
 
 27.11 
 
 33.88 
 
 30s 
 
 —0.88 
 
 —1.61 
 
 —33 
 
 -28.88 
 
 —36.18 
 
 156 
 
 55.11 
 
 68.88 
 
 92 
 
 26.66 
 
 33.33 
 
 29 
 
 —1.33 
 
 —1.66 
 
 —34 
 
 —29.33 
 
 —36.66 
 
 155 
 
 54.66 
 
 68.33 
 
 91 
 
 26.22 
 
 32.77 
 
 28< 
 
 —1.77 
 
 —2.22 
 
 —35 
 
 —29.77 
 
 —37.22 
 
 154 
 
 54.22 
 
 67.77 
 
 90 
 
 25.77 
 
 32.22 
 
 27 
 
 2.22 
 
 —2.77 
 
 —56 
 
 —30.22 
 
 —37.77 
 
 153 
 
 53.77 
 
 67.22 
 
 89 
 
 25.33 
 
 31.66 
 
 26 
 
 —2.66 
 
 —3.33 
 
 —37 
 
 —30.66 
 
 —38.23 
 
 152 
 
 53.33 
 
 66.66 
 
 88 
 
 24.88 
 
 31.11 
 
 25 
 
 —3.11 
 
 —3.88 
 
 —38 
 
 —31.11 
 
 — S8.88 
 
 151 
 
 52.88 
 
 66.11 
 
 87 
 
 24.44 
 
 30.55 
 
 24 
 
 —3.55 
 
 —4.44 
 
 —393 
 
 —31.55 
 
 —39.44 
 
 150 
 
 52.44 
 
 65.55 
 
 86 
 
 24.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 23 
 
 -^.00 
 
 —5.00 
 
 —40 
 
 —32.00 
 
 -^0.00 
 
 149 
 
 52.00 
 
 65.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a Water 1)0113 (Barom. 30 inches.) 
 
 b Heat of a stove, tome by Dr. So- 
 lander. 
 
 c Heat of a stove, borne for 10 mi- 
 Tiutes by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. 
 Solander. 
 
 d Water fimmers. 
 
 e. Alcohol boils. 
 
 j' Very pure etber distils. 
 
 g Bfes' wax melts. 
 
 h Spermaceti melts. 
 
 i Temperature at which liquids 
 are often drunk. 
 
 j Heat ob.^erved in Scarlatina. 
 
 k Temperature of the common hen. 
 
 I Temperature of arterial blood. [?] 
 
 m Temperature of venous blood. 
 Phosphorus melts. 
 
 n Ether boils, o Nitric ether boils. 
 
 p Muriatic ether boils. 
 
 q Medium temperature of the 
 globe. r Ice melts. 
 
 s Milk freezes. 
 
 t Tinegar freezes. 
 
 w Strong wine freezes. 
 
 V A mixture of one part of alcohol 
 and throe of water freezes. 
 
 w Cold at the battle of Ejlau, 1807 
 
 X A mixture of equal parts of al- 
 cohol and water ireezes. 
 
 y A mixture of two parts of alco- 
 hol and one of water freezes. 
 
 z Melting point of quicksilver. 
 
 To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of FaTi- 
 r«n?ie/f. multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32: 
 thus, 40° Cent. X 9H- 5 + 32 = 104° Fahr. To 
 reduce Fall renheit's degrees to those of Centigrade, 
 subtract 32, multiplj by 5, and divide by 9 : thus, 
 
 104° Fnhr. — 32X5-f-9=-40° Cent. To re- 
 ditce lieaumttr's degrees to those of Fahrenheit, 
 multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32 : thus, 32" 
 Reaiim. X 9 H- 4 + 32 = 104° Fnhr. To renvca 
 Fahrenheit's degrees to those of llmumur subtract 
 
HEATH 
 
 432 
 
 HEDERA 
 
 32, multiply by 4, and divide by 9 : tbus, 104° 
 Falir. — 32 X 4 -f- 9 = 32 lieaum. To reduce 
 Iteaumur's degrees to those of Centigrade, multi- 
 ply by 5, and divide by 4 : thus 32° lieaum. 
 X 5 -i- 4 = 40° Cent. ; and, lastly,, to reduce Cen- 
 tigrade degrees to those of Reaumur, multiply by 
 4, and divide by 5 : thus,' 40° Cent. X 4-^ 5 = 32° 
 Mia am. 
 
 The human body can bear a high degree of 
 heat diifused in the atmosphere. There are cases 
 on record, where air of 400° and upwards, of 
 Fahrenheit's scale, has been breathed with im- 
 punity for a short time. It can likewise with- 
 stand very severe cold. In the expedition of 
 Capt. Back to the Arctic regions, the thermome- 
 ter was as low as — 70° of Fahr. Excessive heat 
 disposes the body to gastric and intestinal dis- 
 eases, and particularly to inflammation and en- 
 largement of the liver ; hence, the frequency of 
 such aflFections within the torrid zone. Heat is 
 often used therapeutically : the actual cautery, at 
 a white heat, disorganizes the parts to which it 
 is applied : a lesser degree occasions violent in- 
 flammation. Heat higher than that of the human 
 body is excitant; of a lower degree, sedative. 
 Excessive cold acts as a powerful sedaj;ive — in- 
 ducing sleep, the tendency to which, after long 
 exposure, becomes irresistible. See Cold. Many 
 of the topical applications — as cataplasms — act 
 wholly by virtue of their warmth and moisture. 
 
 Heat, Ardor vene'reue, Pruri'tus, (F.) Cha- 
 leiir des Animaux, Rut, is the periodical sex- 
 Mai desire experienced by animals,- — CEstrua'- 
 tion. It is supposed by some to be owing to the 
 periodical maturation and discharge of ova, — 
 Ovula'tion. 
 
 Heat, Acrid, see Acrid — h. Animal, see Ani- 
 mal Heat. 
 
 Heat, Inter'nal, (F.) Chaleur interne, is a 
 sensation of heat felt by the patient, but not sen- 
 sible to the touch. External heat, (F.) Chaleur 
 exterieure, that which can be felt by others. 
 Heat, Ardor, is called moist, (F.) haliteuse, when 
 accompanied with moisture, like that felt after 
 bathing; dry, (F.) seche, when the skin has not 
 its ordinary softness. It is called acrid and pun- 
 gent, (F.) acre et mordicante, when it conveys a 
 disagreeable tingling to the fingers. The French 
 employ the terms nervous heat and errat'ic heat, 
 Chaleur nerveuse and Chcdeur erratique, for that 
 which comes by flushes, alternating with chills, 
 and which moves rapidly from one part to ano- 
 ther. M. Double has used the term septic heat, 
 (F.) Chaleur sei^tique, for that which produces a 
 pungent sensation on the hand, similar to that 
 of the acrid heat, but milder and more uniform, 
 and which is accompanied with feebleness and 
 frequency of pulse, &c. 
 
 Heat, Prickly, Lichen tropicus. 
 
 HEATH, COMMON, Erica vulgaris. 
 
 HEAUTOPHONICS, see Autophonia. 
 
 HEAVINESS, Somnolency. 
 
 HEAVING, Vomiturition. 
 
 HEAVY, Gravis, (F.) Gravatif, from Sax. 
 heapan, 'to heave.' An epithet given to any 
 ]>ain which consists in a sensation of weight or 
 iieaviness, or is accompanied by such sensation. 
 
 HEBDOMADAL CYCLE, see Cycle. 
 
 HEBDOMADAP.,IA, Octana. 
 
 HEBE, 'rtlirij Jnven'ta, Juvcn'tas, Juven'tus, 
 /lorn In antiquity, the goddess of puberty. 
 The word has been employed to designate, 1. 
 The first hair that grows on the pubes, 2. The 
 pubic region, and 3. Puberty. 
 
 HEBETES, Adolesccns. 
 
 HEBETOR, Adolcseens. 
 
 HEBETUDO ANIMI, Imbecility — h. Den- 
 dum, Htemodia — h. Visus, Amblyopia, Caligo. 
 
 . HEBBADENDRON CAMBOGIOIDES, see 
 
 Cambogia. 
 
 HEB'REAVS, MED'ICINE OF THE. Medi- 
 cine seems to have been at a very low ebb with 
 the ancient Hebrews. Of anatomy they knew 
 nothing. Their physiology was imperfect and 
 filled with superstitions; and their therapeutics 
 unsatisfactory. Hygiene appears to have been 
 most attended to. Of the other departments of 
 medicine we cannot judge of their knowledge. 
 
 HECATOMA PALUSTRIS, Ranunculus see- 
 leratus. 
 
 HECATOMPHYLLUM, Rosa centifolia. 
 HEC'TEUS, 'tKTEuf. A Greek measure, con- 
 taining about 72 chopines or pints. 
 
 HECTIC FEVER, Fehris hec'tica, Hecticoj)'- 
 yra, Heetico]:)yr' etos, Hec'tica, Ampihimer'ina hec'- 
 tica, Fehris phthis'ica, Syntecop' yra, Syntecticop'- 
 yra, Fehris marasmo'des, ilarasmopj'yra, Fehris 
 tah'ida, Leucopyr'ia, Epan'etus hec'tica, Fehria 
 lenta, F. amphimer'ina hec'tica, Fehris amuto'ria, 
 Chloro'sis amato'ria, (F.) Fievre Hectique, F. 
 Ftique, from 'tfis, 'habit of body;' because in 
 this disease every part of the body is emaciated; 
 or, perhaps, from cxttiku], '1 consume,' 'I am ex- 
 hausted.' The name of a slow, continued, or re- 
 mittent fever, which generally accompanies the 
 end of organic afi'ections, and has been esteemed 
 idiopathic, although it is probably always symp- 
 tomatic. It is the fever of irritation and debi- 
 lity ; and is characterized by progressive ema- 
 ciation, frequent pulse, hot skin, — especially of 
 the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, — 
 and, towards the end, colliquative sweats and 
 diarrhoea. Being symptomatic, it con only be 
 removed by getting rid of the original afli'ection. 
 This is generally difficult and almost hopeless in 
 the disease, which it most commonly accompa- 
 nies, — consumption. 
 
 HECTIC A, Hectic Fever— h. Infantilis, Fever, 
 infantile remittent, 
 
 HECTICOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
 HECTICOPYRETOS, Hectic fever. 
 HEC'TISIS, (F.) Ftisie. Same etymon. The 
 state of those who have hectic fever. 
 
 HECTOGRAMME, Hectogram' ma, from 'cKa- 
 Tov, ' a hundred,' and ypafijia. A measure of 100 
 grammes, i. e. 3 ounces, 1 drachm, and 44 grains, 
 Troy. 
 
 HECTOLITRE. A measure containing 100 
 litres or 26.42 wine pints. 
 HECUSIUS, Voluntary. 
 
 HEDEO'MA, Hedeo'ma pulegio'i'des, Cuni'la 
 jndegioVdes, Jtfelis'sa pulegimdes, Pennyroyal, 
 Tickweed, Stinking Balm, Squatcmint. Sex. Syst. 
 Diandria Monogynia; Nat. Ord. Labiatae. An 
 indigenous plant, common in all parts of the 
 United States, and which, where it is abundant, 
 perfumes the air for a considerable distance. It 
 is employed in the same cases as the mints and 
 the English pennyroyal. In popular practice it 
 is used as an emmenagogue. 
 
 The O'leum Hedeo'ma (Ph. U. S.) or Oil of 
 Pennyroyal is i)sed as a stimulating cai'minative, 
 dropped on sugar. Dose, 2 to 6 drops. 
 HEDERA ARBOREA, H. Helix. 
 Hed'era Helix, Hed'era arho'rea, Bac'chica, 
 Oissos, KLaaos, Cittos, KirTog, Ed'era, Corymhe'tra, 
 Corym'hos, Ivy, (F.) Lierre. The taste of ivy 
 leaves is bitter, st3-ptic, and nauseous. They are 
 not used in medicine. According to Haller, they 
 were recommended in Germany against the atro- 
 phy of children ; and the common people of Eng- 
 land sometimes apply them to running sores and 
 to keep issues open. The berries were supposed, 
 by the ancients, to have an emetic and purgatise 
 quality; and a watery extract was made from 
 
HEDEEULA 
 
 433 
 
 HELLEBORISMUS 
 
 fhem, called by Quercetanus Extractuvi pnrgans. 
 Eroni the stalk of the tree a resinous juice ex- 
 udes, in warm climates, -called Gummi Ued' erce, 
 (F.) Gomme de lierre, liesine de lierre. It is 
 possessed of tonic and astringent properties, but 
 is not used. 
 
 Hedera Terrestris, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 HEDERULA, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 HEDISARUM ALHAGI, Agul. 
 
 HEDRA, 't&pa, 'eSptj, 'a vestige,' 'a S9at.' A 
 seat. A fracture of the hones of the cranium, in 
 which the trace of the fracturing instrument is 
 still perceptible. It was, also, used by the an- 
 cients, for the anus, the breech, excrement, a 
 privy, a night-chaii-, and for the bottom of an 
 abscess. 
 
 HEDROCELE, Proctocele. 
 
 HEDTCH'ROUM, from '^5«f/ sweet,' and xpoa, 
 ' colour.' A remedy of a pleasant colour. Applied 
 to certain trochs, the chief constituent of which 
 was Theriae. 
 
 HEDYPHO'jS^IA, from '7]Sv;, 'sweet,' and ^lovr,, 
 'voice.' Sweetness of voice. 
 
 HEDYPiSTBUS'TUS, Hedyp'noiis, from 'ndvi, 
 * sweet,' and -nve'ji, ' I breathe.' Breathing sweet- 
 ly or softlv. Smelling sweetly. 
 
 IIEDYPKOIS TARAXACUM, Leontodon ta- 
 raxacum. 
 
 HEDYSARUM ALHAGI, Agul. 
 
 HEDYSMA, Condiment. 
 
 HEEL, see Calcaneum. , 
 
 HELCENTERITIS, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 HELCO'DES, Ulcerated, Ulcerous. 
 
 HELCOL'OGY, //e?co%"m/ from <£.\Kog, 'ul- 
 cer,' and Xoyoq. ' discourse.' The doctrine of, or 
 a treatise on, ulcers. 
 
 HELCOMA, Ulcer. 
 
 HELCOPHTHAL'MIA, OplitliaVmia uleero'sa. 
 Ophthalmia with ulceration. 
 
 HEL'COS, from 'lXko?, 'an ulcer.' Hence: 
 
 HELCOSIS, Elcosis, Ulceration — h. Cerebri, 
 Eneephalopyosis — h. Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea 
 ■^h. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmonalis- — h. Rena- 
 lis, Nephrelcosis — h. Uteri, see Metrophthisis — 
 li. Vesicffi,' Cystophthisis. 
 
 HELCOSTAPHYLO'MA; from 'eX^coj, 'ulcer,' 
 and <TTa<pv'\(i)iia, 'staphyloma.' Staphyloma end- 
 ing in ulceration. 
 
 HELCOXERO'SIS, from 'cUog, 'ulcer,' and 
 ^rjpuxn;, ' dryness.' The drying of an ulcer. 
 
 HELCTICA. Epispastics. 
 
 HELCUS, Ulcer. 
 
 HELCYD'RIOX, Helcyd'num, 'c^icvSpiov, Ul- 
 cus'culum, a small ulcer, a superficial ulceration 
 of the cornea. — Galen, Paulus, Foesius. 
 
 HELCYS'TER, from 'eXkm, 'I draw.' An 
 iron hook or crotchet for extracting the fuetus. 
 See Crotchet. 
 
 HELENIUM, Inula helenium. 
 
 Helen'ium Atjtumna'le, False Sunflower, 
 Sneezcwort, Sneczeiceed, Swamp Sunflower, Yel- 
 loii) star, Ox-eye. An indigenous herb, with 
 large golden-yellow compound flowers, which 
 appear in August. All its parts are bitter and 
 somewhat acrid, and when snuffed up the nos- 
 trils in powder are powerful sternutatori_es. 
 
 HELIAN'THEMUM CANADEN'SE, Ghtua 
 Canaden'sis, Frostvort, Frostweed, Boch-rose. 
 An herbaceous plant, having large yellow flow- 
 ers, which grows in all parts of the United States, 
 and flowers, in the Middle States, in June. It 
 has an astringent, slightly aromatic, and bitterish 
 taste. It has been prescribed in scrofula, but 
 probably is nothing more than an aromatic tonic. 
 
 Helian'themuji CoRYjrBO'suir, Rock rose, an 
 indigenous plant, is used in the same cases. 
 28 
 
 HELIASIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation. 
 HELICH'RYSUM XUDIFO'LIUM, Caffe.-. 
 tea. A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Compo- 
 sita3, which is demulcent, and, in the form of in- 
 fusion, is recommended in catarrh, phthisis, and 
 other pulmonary affections. 
 
 HeLICHRYSUJI SERPTLLIFO'LlITjr, TTottcntof's 
 ten, and Helichrysum Auriccla'tum have simi- 
 lar virtues. 
 
 IIELICIA, Age. 
 
 B.Y.lj'lClTs'E.,^ Helic" inns, EeUcoVdes, Helico'- 
 des, from helix, ' the tendril of the vine.' Re- 
 sembling the tendril of the vine. 
 
 Helicise Arteries of the penis, as described 
 by J. Miiller, are short vessels given off from the 
 larger branches, as well as from the finest twigs 
 of the artery of the organ : most of those come 
 off at a fight angle, and project into the cavitj- 
 of the spongy substance, either terminating ab- 
 ruptl}' or swelling out into a club-like process 
 without again subdividing. Almost all these 
 vessels are bent like a horn, so that the end de- 
 scribes half a cu'cle or somewhat more. They 
 have a great resemblance to the tendrils of the 
 vine, whence their name. A minute examina- 
 tion of them, either with the lens or the micro- 
 scope, shows that, although they at all times 
 project into the venous cavities of the corpora 
 cavernosa, they are not entirely naked, but are 
 covered with a delicate membrane, which, under 
 the microscope, appears granular. 
 
 HEL'ICIS major, a muscle of the ear. 
 which originates from the anterior, acute part of 
 the helix, upon which it ascends and is inserted 
 into the helix. It pulls the part into which it is 
 inserted a little downwards and forwards. 
 
 Helicis Minor. This muscle originates from 
 the undet and fore part of the helix, and is in- 
 serted into the helix, near the fissure in the carti- 
 lage, opposite the concha. Its use is to contract 
 the fissure. 
 
 HELICOIDES, Helicine. 
 HELICOTRE'MA, from 'tAif. 'helix, cochlea,' 
 and Tprijia, 'a foramen.' The hole by which the 
 two seaiee of the cochlea communicate at the apex. 
 HELI6MUS, Convolution. 
 HELIKIA, Age. 
 HELIOXOSIS, Insolation. 
 HELIOSIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation. 
 HELIOTROPE, Heliotropium Europceum. - 
 HELIOTROPIOX, Ciehorium intybus. 
 HELIOTRO'PIUM EUROP^'UM, //. erec 
 turn seu canes'cens sen siijii'mim, Verruca'ria, 
 The He'liotrope, (F.) Tournesol, Herhe aux ver- 
 mes. This plant is considered to possess aperient 
 properties ; and to be capable of destroying cuta- 
 neous excrescences J hence one of its names. 
 
 HELIX, Caprc'ohis, from si'Xuv, ' to envelop,' 
 ' surround.' The fold is thus called, which forms 
 the outer circumference or ring of the external ear. 
 Helix, Limax. 
 
 Helix Pojia'tia. A large kind of snail, trans- 
 ported from the south of Europe to England by 
 Sir Kenelm Digby, for his lady when in a de- 
 cline. It was considered highly restorative. 
 
 HELLEBORASTER, Helleborus foetidus — h. 
 foetidus, Helleborus foetidus. 
 
 HELLEBORE. Dracontium fretidum — h. Ame 
 rican, Veratrumviride — h. Black, Helleborus niger 
 — h. Blanc, Veratrum album — li. Noir, Ilelleborua 
 niger— h.Stinking,Helleborus foetidus — h. Swamp, 
 Veratrum viride — h. White, Veratrum album. 
 
 HELLEBORIS'MUS, Elleboris'm.vs. The ina- 
 thod of treating disease, amongst the ancients, by 
 hellebore. This comprised not only the choice, 
 preparation, and administration of the medicine, 
 but, likewise, the knowledge and employment uf 
 
HELLEBORUS 
 
 434 
 
 HEMICRANIA 
 
 preliminary precautions and remedies proper for 
 aiding its action, and preventing the pernicious 
 efiects which it might occasion. 
 
 HELLEBORUS. IL niger— h. Albus, Veratrum 
 album — h. Grandiilorus, H. niger — h. Triiolius, 
 Coptis. 
 
 Helleb'orus Fce'tidus, Ilellehoras'ter, H.foe'- 
 t'.das, EUeboraster, Stinking HeV lehore or Bear's 
 foot, Settericort, (F.) Hellebore ou Ellehore fetide. 
 Pied de Griffon. The leaves of this plant are 
 said to be anthelmintic. The smell of the fresh 
 plant is extremely fetid, and the taste bitter and 
 acrid. It usually acts as a cathartic. 
 
 HelLEBORUS Kiger, H. grandijlo'rus, ElleV- 
 orus niger, Melampo'dinm, Jlelanorrhi'zum, Ee'- 
 tomon, Black Hel'lehore, Melampode, ChrisUnaa 
 Base, (F.) Hellehore noir. The root of this Eu- 
 ropean plant — Helleborus, (Ph. U. S.) — has a dis- 
 agreeable odour, and bitter, acrid taste. It is 
 possessed of cathartic properties, and has been 
 recommended as an emmenagogue. It has been 
 given in mania, melancholia, dropsy, suppressed 
 menses, &o. Dose, gr. x to ^jj a-s a cathartic. 
 
 HELLECEBRA, Sedum. 
 
 IlELLENIA GRANDIFLORA, Costus. 
 
 HELMET-FLOWER, YELLOW, Aconitum 
 Anthora. 
 
 HELMET POD, Jeffersonia Bartoni. 
 
 HELMINS, Plur. Helmin'thea seu Elmin'thes, 
 from 't^jxivs, 'a worm.' A worm; an entozoon : 
 — hence : 
 
 HELMINTHAGOGUE, Anthelmintic. 
 
 HELMINTHI, Worms. 
 
 HELMINTH I A, Helminthiasis — h. Alvi, 
 Worms. 
 
 Helmi>-'thia Ereat'ica. Worms, introduced 
 by accident and without finding a proper habita- 
 tion in the stomach or intestines ; producing 
 spasmodic colic, with severe tormina, and oc- 
 casionally vomiting or dejections of blood ; the 
 ] 2th genus of the order Enterica, class Cceliaca, 
 of Good. 
 
 Helminthia Pobicis, Worms. 
 
 HELMIXTHI'ASIS, from 'tXiiiv;, ' a worm.' 
 A generic name for the condition which gives 
 occasion to the presence of intestinal worms. It 
 is, also, called Helmin'thia, Vermina'tio, Jlorhus 
 vermino'aiis, Stattts vermino'sus, Sabur'ra vermi- 
 no'sa, Scoleci'asis, Scolece'sis, Entozoogen'esis, 
 Parasitis'mtis intestina'lia, Worm disease, Inver- 
 rnina'tion. See Worms. 
 
 HELMINTHIC, Anthelmintic. 
 
 HELMINTHOCHORTUM, Corallina Corsi- 
 csna. 
 
 HELMINTHOCOLICA, Coliea verminosa. 
 
 HELMIXTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
 
 HELMINIHOL'OGY, Helmintholog" ia, from 
 'cX/xtvj, 'a worm,' and \oyos, ' b, description.' A 
 treatise on worms. 
 
 HELMINTHONCUS, Malis — h. Medinensis, 
 Dracunculus. 
 
 HELMINTHOP'YRA, Eelminthopyr'etos, Fe- 
 hris vermino'sa, from 'cA/iin?, ' a worm,' and Tzvp, 
 'a fever.' Fever occasioned by worms. See 
 Fever, verminous. 
 
 HELMIXTHOPYRETOS, Helminthopyra. 
 
 HELMINTHUS GORDII, Seta equina! 
 
 HELODES, Elodes. 
 
 HELONIAS DIOICA, CbamsBlerium luteum— 
 h. Lutea, Chamselerium luteum — h. Officinalis, see 
 Veratrina. 
 
 HELOPYRA, Elodes (febris.) 
 
 IIELOPYRETUS, Elodes (febris.) 
 
 HELOS, Clavus, Marsh. 
 
 HELO'SIS, Helo'tis: from 'rXu, 'I turn.' 
 ETersion of the eyelids, and convulsions of the 
 nin!<eles of the eves. Plica Polonica. Strabismus. 
 
 HELOTIS, lielosis, Plica, 
 
 HELL'S, Clavus, Helos. 
 
 IlELXINE, Parietaria. 
 
 HEMACHROIN, HiBmatin. 
 
 HEM AD YNAMETBE, Ha;madynamoiiictcr. 
 
 HE3IAPEBIT0NIURHA GIE, HcemaperHo- 
 nirrhag"ia ; from 'ai/<a, 'blood,' ^erjfoji(SM7)), and 
 priyvv/ii, ' I break forth.' Hemorrhage into the 
 peritoneum. 
 
 HEJfAPBOOTIE, Ha;morrhois. 
 
 HE If AST A TIQ UES, Haematostatica, 
 
 HEMATIDROSE, Sudor cruentus. 
 
 HEMATIN, Hsematin. 
 
 HEMATO-ENCEFHALIE, Apoplexy. 
 
 HEMATOID, Hsematodes. 
 
 HEMATOLOGIE, Hfematology. 
 
 HEMATOLOGY, Hajmatology. 
 
 HEM ATOMY ELIE, Himorrhagie de la Jfo- 
 elle Epiniere. 
 
 HEM A TONCIE, Hasmatoncus, see Hsemato- 
 des fungus — h. Fongo'ide, Hajmatodes fungus. 
 
 HEMATOPISIE, Ha3matops. 
 
 HE3IAT0RRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 HEMATOSIN, Hamatin. 
 
 HEMERA, 'ri/itpa, ' a day.' Hies. Hence : 
 
 HEMERALOPIA, see Nyctalopia. 
 
 Hemeralo'pia, from 'ruinpa, ' the day,' and 
 OTTTOjiai, ' I see.' Hcemeralops, Dyso'pia tenebra'- 
 rum, Cali'go tenebra'rum, Parop'sis Noetif'vga, 
 Visus diur'nus, Nyctalo'pia, {of some,) NyctoUi- 
 phlo'sis, Amblyo'pia crcpuscida'ris, CcBcitas cres- 
 pjuseulaJ vis seu noctur'na, A'cies diur'nn. Hay- 
 sight, Hay-vision, Hen blindness, Night blindiiesf, 
 (F.) Vue diurne, Aveuglement de Nuit. A dis- 
 ease, in which the eyes enjoy the faculty of see- 
 ing, whilst the sun is above the horizon, but are 
 incapable of seeing by the aid of artificial light. 
 Its causes are not evident. The eye, when care- 
 fully examined, presents no alteration, either in 
 its membranes or humours. 
 
 HEM'ERALOPS, Horea. One labouring under 
 hemeralopia. Also, Hemeralopia. 
 
 HEMERATYPHLOSIS, Nyctalopia. 
 
 HEMERODROMA, (febris) Ephemera. 
 
 HEMEROPATHI'A ; from 'vntpa, ' a day,' and 
 770605, 'an aS'ection.' A disease, which continues 
 only a day; or, which is only observed during 
 the day. 
 
 HEMI, 'rijxi, 'rjuKTvs, 'half,' 'semi.' Hence; 
 
 HEMIAMAUROSIS, Hemiopia. 
 
 HEMIANDRUS, Eunuch. 
 
 HEMIANOR, Eunuch. 
 
 HEMIANTHROPIA, Mania. 
 
 HEMIANTHROPUS, Eunuch, Maniac. 
 
 HEMIAZYGA, (Vena) see Azygos vein. 
 
 HEMICEPHALlSlA. Hemicrania. 
 
 HEMICEPHAL^UM. Sinciput. 
 
 HEMICEPHALIUM, Sinciput. 
 
 HEMICEPHALUM, Sinciput. 
 
 HExAIICEPH'ALUS, Semiceph'alus, from V. 
 'half,' and KcpaM, 'head.' One who has half 8 
 head. 
 
 HEMICRA'NIA, HemicephaWa, Migra'na, 
 Grana, Hcmipa'gia, Hemipe'gia, Heteroera'nia, 
 Monopa'gia, Monope'gia, Ccphala'a Hcmicra'nia, 
 Hemipathi'a, Megrim, from 'rifiKrvs, 'half,' and 
 <cpai'ioi', 'cranium.' (F.) Migraine. Pain, con- 
 fined to one half the head. It is almost always 
 of an intermittent character; — at times, continu- 
 ing only as long as the sun is above the horizon ; 
 and hence sometimes called Sun-jjain, — and ia 
 cured by cinchona, arsenic, and the remedies 
 adapted for interniittents. 
 
 Hf.michaxia Inioi'ATHicA. Neur.algia, facial. 
 
 HEMLDES'MUS IN'DICUS, Periplo'oa /»'- 
 
HEMIDESMUS 
 
 435 
 
 HEPAR 
 
 d^ca, Ascle'pias Pseudosar'sa, SarsaparWla In'- 
 dica, Nannuri, Indian Sarsaparilla. A Hindoos- 
 fcmee plant, the root of which has a peculiar 
 aromatic odour, and a bitterish taste. It is used 
 in India as a substitute for sarsaparilla. 
 
 HEMIDIAPHORE'SrS, Transpira'tlo Uni- 
 lat'era; from 'rifn, 'half,' and iia<poptjaig, 'perspi- 
 ration.' Perspiration of one half the body. 
 
 HEMIEC'TON, Hemiec'teon, Semisex'tum. A 
 vessel capable of containing 36 chopines or pints, 
 and in which fumigations were made in diseases 
 of the uterus and vagina. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HEMIM'ELES, from 'jj^io-u?, 'one half,' and 
 lie\o%, ' a limb.' A genus of monsters, in which 
 the upper or lower extremities are very defective 
 — mere stumps, — and the fingers and toes are en- 
 tirely wanting or very imperfect. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 HEMIMCE'RION, from 'riiitav;, and /uotpa, 'a 
 part.' 'One half.' — Foesius. Also, half a drachm. 
 — Erotian. 
 
 HEM'INA. A Greek measure, answering to 
 the Cotyle, KOTvXri, i. e. one half the sextarius, or 
 about half a pint, English. 
 
 HEMIOBOL'ION, HemioVolon. Half the obo- 
 lixs. A weight of about five grains. — Gorraeus. 
 
 HEMIO'LION. A weight of 12 drachms, or 
 oz. li. — Galen. See Sescuncia. 
 
 HEMIO'PIA, Hemiop' sis, Hemiopi' asis, Snf- 
 fu'sio dimid'ians, Visits dimidia'tus, Marmor'yge 
 JJippoc'ratis, Hemiamauro' sis, Amauro'sis dimi- 
 dia'ta, from 'rifiiav^, 'one half,' and o-rofiai, 'I see.' 
 Depraved vision, in which the person sees only 
 one half of an object. 
 
 HEMIOPIASIS, Hemiopia. 
 
 HEMIOPSIS, Hemiopia. 
 
 HEMIPA'GES, Dicor'yphus dihypogas'triiis, 
 Oc'topus synnpheoceph'alus, ivom. 'viii, 'half,' and 
 vriyvvfjii, ' I fasten.' A monstrosity, in which 
 twins are united from the navel to the vertex. — 
 I. G. Saint Hilaire. 
 
 HEMIPAGIA, Hemierania. 
 
 HEMIPATHIA, Hemierania. 
 
 HEMIPEGIA, Hemierania. 
 
 HEMIPHO'NIA, from 't,^,i, 'half/ and ^uivv, 
 'voice.' Great weakness of voice. 
 
 HEMIPLE'GIA, Hemiplex'ia, Paral'ysis He- 
 viiplegin, Semip>le' gia, Semi-sidera'tio, from 'iifii- 
 cvi, ' one half,' and 7rX)?a(ru), or 7rXj;rra}, ' I strike.' 
 Paralysis of one side of the body. See Paralysis. 
 One so palsied is said to be hemipley"ia, semi- 
 sidera'tns. 
 
 Hemiplegia Facialis, Paralysis, Bell's. 
 
 HEMIPLEXIA, Hemiplegia. 
 
 HEMIPROSOPLEGIA, Paralysis, Bell's. 
 
 HEMISPH^RiB CEREBRI, Hemispheres of 
 the brain. 
 
 HEM'ISPHERE, JTemisphfB'ra, Hemispho'.'ri- 
 um, from 'vynaxii, 'one half,' and a^aifa, 'a sphere.' 
 One half of a sphere or of a body having a sphe- 
 roidal shape. 
 
 Hemispheres op the Brain, Hemisphrn'ra; 
 eer'ehri, Hemispher'ical gan'glia, are the upper 
 spheroidal portions of the brain, separated from 
 each other by the falx cerebri. 
 
 HEMISPHERICAL GANGLIA, Hemispheres 
 of the brain. 
 
 HEMfTE, Hjemitis. 
 
 HEMITRIT^'A, (FEBRIS,) F. Semi-terti- 
 a'na, Fehris sesquial'tera, (F. ) Semi-tierce, Fieore 
 demitierce. A semi-tertian fever, so called be- 
 cause it seems to possess both the characters of 
 the tertian and quotidian intermittent. — Galen, 
 Spigelius. 
 
 HEMIUNCIA, Hemiuncion. 
 
 HEMIUN'CION, Hemiun'cia, Semun'cia, Se- 
 miun'cia. Half an ounce. 
 
 HEMLOCK, Conium maculatum — h. Ameri- 
 can, Cicuta maculata — h. Bastard, Cha;rophylIum 
 sylvestre — h. Common, Conium maculatum — h. 
 Dropwort, (Enanthe — h. Gum, see Pinus Cana- 
 densis — h. Pitch, see Pinus Canadensis- h. 
 Spruce, Pinus Canadensis — h. Water, American 
 Cicuta maculata — h. Water, fine-leaved, Phellan- 
 drium aquaticum — h. Water, Cicuta aquatica — h. 
 Wild, Cicuta maculata. 
 
 HEMOOARDIOPLASTIES, see Polypus. 
 
 HEMODIA, Haemodia. 
 
 HEMO-ENCEPHAL ORRHA ff/^, Apoplexy. 
 
 HEMOHEPA TORRHA GIE, Hepatorrhagia, 
 
 HEMOMETRE, Hjemadynamometer. 
 
 HE MOM YEL ORRHA GIE, Apoplexy, spinah 
 
 HEMOPTYSIE, Heemoptysis — A. Foudroy. 
 ante, see Haemoptysis. 
 
 HEMORRHAGE, Hcemorrhagia— h. Acciden- 
 tal, see Hsemorrhagia — h. Active, see Hsemorrha- 
 gia — h. from the Bladder, Cystirrhagia — h. Con- 
 stitutional, see Hsemorrhagia — h. Critical, see 
 Hsemorrhagia — h. by Exhalation, see Hajmorrha- 
 gia — h. External, see H^morrhagia — h. General, 
 see Ha3morrhagia — h. from the Intestines, Me- 
 Ijsna — h. Internal, see Htemorrhagia — h. Inter- 
 stitial, Apoplexy — h. Local, see Hfemorrhagia — ■ 
 h. of the Mucous Membranes, see Hasmorrhagia 
 — h. Passive, see Hsemorrhagia — h. from the Pi- 
 tuitary Membrane, Epistaxis — h. Pleural, Haema- 
 tothorax — h. from the Skin, Sudor cruentus — h. 
 Spinal, Apoplexy, spinal — h. Spontaneous, sea 
 Hasmorrhagia — h. Supplementary, see Hsemor- 
 rhagia — h. Symptomatic, see Hsemorrhagia — h. of 
 the Tissues, see Hasmorrhagia — h. Traumatic, see 
 Hasmorrhagia — h. Uterine, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 HEMORRHAGIC PLEURISY, Hffimatotho- 
 rax. 
 
 HEMORRHAGIE BUOCALE, Stomatorrha- 
 gia — h. Cerebrale, Apoplexy — h. du Foie, Hepa- 
 torrhagia — }i. Interstitielle, Apoplexy — h. Inter- 
 stitielle du Poiimon, Hemoptysis — h. des Intes~ 
 tins, Hffimatochezia — h. de la Matrice, Metror- 
 rhagia — h. Meningee, Apoplexy, meningeal — h. 
 de la jifoelle epiniere, Apoplexia myelitica — h. 
 Nasale, Epistaxis — h. de la Vessie, Cystirrhagia. 
 
 HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS, (F.) Hemorrhagi- 
 pare, from hcemorrhagia, 'hemorrhage,' and pa- 
 rire, 'to bring forth.' That which gives occasion 
 to hemorrhage : thus, softening of the neurine 
 may be hemovrhagiparoits. 
 
 HEMORRHINIE, Epistaxis. 
 
 HEMORRHOID AIRE, (F.) One who is sub- 
 ject to hemorrhoids. 
 
 HEMORRHOIDES, Hsemorrhois — A. ^re«- 
 gles, CaBcas haemorrhoides. See Hsemorrhois, 
 
 HEMORRHOSOOPIE, Hsematoseopia. 
 
 HEMOSPASIE, Hsemospasia. 
 
 HEMOSPASIQ UE, Hamospastic. 
 
 HEMOSTASIE, Haemostasia. 
 
 HE MOST A TIQ UES, Hsematostatica. 
 
 HEMP, INDIAN, Apocynum cannabinunii 
 Bangue — h. Wild, Ambrosia trifida. 
 
 HEMPSEED, see Cannabis sativa. 
 
 HENBANE, Ilyoscyamus. 
 
 HENBIT, Lamiuni amplexicaule. 
 
 HEN-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia. 
 
 HENNE, Lawsonia inermis. 
 
 HENRICEA PHARMACEARCHA, Gentiana 
 chirayita. 
 
 HENRICUS RUBENS, Coleothar. 
 
 HEPAR, 'j/Tap, 'genitive,' 'rjirarog, 'liver.' A 
 name for substances resembling liver in appear- 
 ance. The ancient name for the liver of stdphtir, 
 Hepar sid'phnris ; which is sometimes a com- 
 pound of sulphur and potassium ; at others, of 
 sulphur and potassa. See Potassaj sulphuretum. 
 
HEPATALGIA 
 
 436 
 
 HEPATITIS 
 
 Hepab Adulterixith, Spleen. 
 
 Hepar ANTniojTiA'TUM is a compound of a 
 lulphuret of antimony and an alkali. See Oxj^- 
 dam stibii sulphuretum. 
 
 Hepar Martia'le. A compound of sulphuret 
 of potass and an oxide of iron. 
 
 Hepar Saxguijtis, see Blood — h. Sinistrum, 
 Spleen — h. Sulphuris salinum, Potassae sulphu- 
 retum — h. Sulphuris volatile, Ammonia sulphu- 
 retum — h. Uterinum, Placenta. 
 
 HEPATAL'GIA, Ilepatodyn'ia, Neural'gia 
 lie'jjatis, Cul'-ica liepat'ica, from 'nirap, 'liver,' 
 and aXyof, 'pain.' Pain in the liver. Neuralgia 
 of the liver, (F.) Nevralgie du Foie. 
 
 Hepatalgia CALcrLOSA, Colica hepatiea — h. 
 Petitiana, Turgescentia vesiculce felleee — h. 
 Phlegmonoides, Hepatitis. 
 
 HEPATAPOSTE'MA, from 'v-jzap, 'the liver,' 
 and mrouTriixa, ' an abscess.' Abscess of the liver. 
 
 HEPATARIUS, Hepaticus. 
 
 HEPATATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia sen Aridji'ra 
 hc'paiis, from 'rj-ap, 'the liver,' and atrophia, 
 ' atrophy.' Atrophy of the liver : — a general con- 
 comitant of Cirrho'sis lie'patls. 
 
 HEPATAUXE, Rifperiropih'ia Jie'patis, (P.) 
 Ilyperlie' patntropjlne, Hiipertrophie du foie. Hy- 
 pertrophy of the liver. 
 
 HEPATECHE'MA, Son'itns hepat'icus, from 
 'ri-ap, 'liver,' a.nA. 'ri-)(^riiia, 'sound.' Sound ren- 
 dered by the liver on percussion. 
 
 HEPATEMPHRAX'IS, from 'v-np, 'liver,' 
 and tfiApaaaui, 'I obstruct.' Emphvix' is Jiejjaiis, 
 Hepatic obstruction. — Ploucquet. 
 
 HEPATENCEPHALO'MA, IlepnfomyeJo'ma, 
 Fungus he'patis medvlla'ris, from 'rj-n-ap, ' liver,' 
 and f/Ktcpako;, ' encephalon.' Eneephaloid of the 
 liver. 
 
 HEPATE'PuITS, Hepat'icus, Jecora'riiis. A 
 variety of diarrhoea, Fluxu^ Jiepaticus. — Gorrasus. 
 
 nEPATH^MORRHAG"IA, Hcemon-ha(i"ia 
 Tiepat'ica, Hepatorrhag"ia, Apoplix' ia liepat'ica, 
 (F. ) HemorrJiagie du foie, Iletnohepatorrhagie, 
 from 'ri-nap, 'liver,' and 'ai/joppayia, 'hemori'hage.' 
 Hemorrhage from the liver. 
 
 HEPAT'IC, Hepat'icus, Hepata'rius, Hepate'- 
 ruSf Hepato'ides, Hepato'des, Jecora'rius, from 
 'riTzap, 'the liver.' Belonging or relating to or 
 resembling liver. 
 
 Hepatic Ar'tery, Arfe'ria Hepat'ica. One of 
 the three branches given off by the coeliac. It 
 passes towards the inferior surface of the liver ; 
 "where it divides into two branches, a right and 
 a left, which proceed towards the corresponding 
 parts of that organ. The right branch gives off 
 the cystic artery. Before dividing, the hepatic 
 artery sends off two considerable branches, the 
 A. pylorica and Gasiro-epiipiloico, dextra. 
 
 Hepatic Duct, Ductus hepnt'icns, (F.) Canal 
 hepatique, is about three fingers' breadth in 
 length, and of the size of a quill. It is formed 
 by the union of the biliary ducts, and joins the 
 cystic duct at a very acute angle, to form the 
 ductus eholedochus. Its function is to convey 
 the bile from the liver towards the duodenum. 
 
 Hepatic Plexus, Plexus hepat'icus, consists 
 of nervous filaments, sent by the cosliac plexus 
 to the liver, which accompany the hepatic artery. 
 
 Hepatic Veins, Supra-hepatic Veins, Vence 
 cava hepat'ica, (F.) Veines sus-hepatiqnes, Intra- 
 Inh'vlar veins, do not follow the course of the 
 arteries of the same name. They arise in the 
 substance of the liver ; converge towards the 
 posterior margin of that viscus, and open into 
 the vena cava inferior. They convey away the 
 blood carried to the liver by the hepatic artery 
 and rena porta. 
 
 HEPAT'ICA. Medicines believed to be ca- 
 pable of affecting the liver. 
 
 Hepatica, H. triloba — h. Americana, H. tri- 
 loba — h. Fontana, Marchantia polj-morpha — h. 
 Nobilis, H. triloba — h. Stellata, Asperuli^ odorata. 
 
 Hepatica Tril'oba, //. America'na, Anemo'ne 
 hepat'ica seu noh'ilis, Herba trinita'tis, Hepat'ica, 
 Hepat'icus flos, Trifo'lium hepat'icum, Trifo'lium 
 au'reum, Liverxcort, Liverweed, Trefoil, Nol/le 
 Liverwort, Herh Trin'ity, (F.) Hepatiqne dee 
 jardins. This pilant — Hcjiat'ica (Ph. U. S.) — is 
 a gentle astringent, but not possessed of much 
 virtue. 
 
 HEPATICULA, Hepatitis, chrome. 
 
 HEPATICUS, Hepateros — h. Flos, Hepatica 
 triloba. 
 
 HEPATIFICATIO, Hepatization. 
 
 HEPATIQUE ETOILEE, Asperula odorata 
 — 7?. des Fontaines, Marchantia polj'morpha — h. 
 des JardAns, Hepatica triloba. 
 
 HEPATIRRHGE'A, Fluxus hepat'icus, Bysen- 
 ter'ia hepat'ica, Diarrhoe'a hepat'ica, Hepator- 
 rhce'a, Hepatocholorrhoe' a, Hepatodysenter'ia, He- 
 patorrhag"ia, Hamate'ra, Aimate'ra, (F.) Flux 
 hepatique, from 'ri~ap, 'the liver,' and pew, 'I 
 flow.' A species of diarrhoea in which the ex- 
 creted matters seem to come from the liver, or 
 are much mixed with bile. 
 
 HEPATIS EMUXCTORIA, Inguen— h. Sus- 
 pensorium, Ligament, suspensory, of the liver. 
 
 HEPATISATIO, Hepatization — h. Pulmo- 
 num, Hepatization of the Lungs. 
 
 HEPATTSATION, Hepatization — L Grise, 
 see Hepatization — 7;. Rouge, see Hepatization. 
 
 HEPATITES VEXA, Cava vena. 
 
 HEPATI'TIS, Empres'ma hep)ati'tis, Caiima 
 hepati'tis, Inflamma'tio Jie'patis, I. Jecino'ris, 
 Fehris hepat'ica inflamrnato'ria, Hepjatal'gia 
 phlegmono'i'des, Morbus jecino'ris, Hepiatopthleg'- 
 mone, Inflammation of the liver, (F.) Hepatite, 
 Inflammation du foie. Piece (Provincial). It 
 may be seated either in the peritoneal covering, 
 Sero-hepati'tis, or in the substance of the liver, 
 or in both, Puro-hepati'tis, and may be acute or 
 chronic. The peculiar symptoms are : — pain in 
 the right hypochondrium, shooting to the back 
 and right shoulder, and increased on pressure ; 
 difficulty of lying on the left side; sometimes 
 jaundice with cough, and synoeha. Its termi- 
 nation is generally by resolution : — in tropical 
 climates it often runs on to suppuration, Jec'oris 
 vom'ica, Hepati'tis apostemato' sa, the abscess 
 breaking either externally, or forming a commu- 
 nication with the intestines or chest, or breaking 
 into the cavity of the abdomen. The causes are 
 those of inflammation in general. Heat predis- 
 poses to it; hence its greater frequency in hot 
 climates. On dissection of those who have died 
 of it, the liver has been found hard and enlarged; 
 colour of a deep purple ; or the membranes have 
 been more or less vascular; or adhesions, or tu- 
 bercles, or hydatids, or abscesses, or biliary cal- 
 culi may be met with. The treatment must bo 
 bold. Bleeding, general and local, fomentations, 
 blisters, purgatives, and the antiphlogistic regi- 
 men. In hot climates especially, a new action 
 must be excited by mercury as early as possible. 
 
 Hepatitis Apostejiatosa, see Hepatitis. 
 
 Hepatitis, Chronic, Hepati'tis chron'ica, In' 
 flamma'tio he'pntis lent a , He]]atitis occul'tn, He- 
 patic'ula, Sulin flamma'tio he'pntis, (F. ) Chrnno- 
 hepatite. Chronic liver disease, is not as common 
 as is believed. It may be suspected from the 
 existence cf the symptoms above mentioned, 
 when in a minor degree ; enlargement, constant 
 dull pain in the region of the liver; sallow coun- 
 tenance; high-coloured urine; clay -coloured 
 
HEPATIZATION 
 
 m 
 
 HERBA 
 
 fieces, &e. The great object of treatment is to 
 excite a new action by mercury and counter- 
 irritants, and to keep the liver free by cathartics. 
 
 Hepatitis Cystica, Cholecystitis — h. Occulta, 
 H. chronic. 
 
 HEPATIZA'TIOX, Hepatisa'tio, Eeimtifica'- 
 tio, from 'ij-ap, ' the liver.' Conversion into a 
 liver-like substance. Applied to the lungs when 
 gorged with effused matters, so that they are no 
 longer pervious to the air; — Jlepatisa'tio puJmo'- 
 num, Garnijica' tio jjulmo'num. In such state, 
 they are said to be hepatized. 
 
 Hepatization, Red, (F.) Hepatisalion rouge, 
 Eiidurcissement roufje, Ramollissement rouge, cha- 
 racterizes the first stage of consolidation of the 
 lungs in pneumonia. 
 
 Hepatization, Grat, (F.) Eepatisation grtse. 
 Induration grlse, Ramollissement gris, Infiltration 
 purulenfe, characterizes the third stage, or stage 
 of purulent infiltration. 
 
 HEPATIZON, Chloasma. 
 
 HEPATOC'ACE, from 'n^ap, 'liver,' and KaKu;, 
 'evil.' Gangrene of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOCE'LE, from 'rjTrap, 'the liver,' and 
 KTiXr], 'a tumour;' Her'nia hepat'ica ; Hernia of 
 the liver. The liver has never been found en- 
 tirely out of the abdominal cavity. Increase of 
 its bulk, or injuries of the parietes of the abdo- 
 men, have been the sole cause of the protrusions 
 which have been occasionally met with, espe- 
 cially in infants, in whom the upper part of the 
 linea alba is very weak, and indeed scarcely seems 
 to exist. Sauvages has distinguished two species 
 of hepatocele : — the ventral (in the linea alba), 
 and the nmhilical or hepaiomjjhalum. 
 
 HEPATOCHOLORRHCEA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 
 HEPATOCO'LICUM. A ligament of the Uver, 
 described by Haller, as passing from the gall- 
 bladder and contiguous sinus portarum, across 
 the duodenum to the colon. Another, termed 
 Hepato-renal, descends from the root of the liver 
 to the kidney. They are both peritoneal. 
 
 HEPATO'CYS'TIC, Hepatoeys'ticus, Cystide- 
 pat'icus, from 'n~ap, 'the liver,' and Kvang, 'blad- 
 der.' Relating to the liver and gall-bladder. 
 
 Hepatocystic Duct, Ductus hepatoeyst'icus. 
 The eholedoeh duet. 
 
 HEPATODYNIA, Hepatalgia. 
 
 HEPATODYSENTERIA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 
 HEPATOGASTRIC, Gastrohepatic. 
 
 HEPATOGASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever, bilious, 
 Pever, gastric. 
 
 HEPATOG'RAPHY, Hepatogra'phia ;_ from 
 'tj-naQ, 'the liver,' and ypa<pn, 'a description.' 
 The part of anatomy which describes the liver. 
 
 HEPATOH^E'MIA, ffi/perce'mia he'patis. He- 
 patic Engorgement, (F.) Hyperemie du Foie, from 
 'zi-ap, 'the liver,' and 'ai/ia, 'blood.' Sanguineous 
 congestion of the liver. 
 
 HEPATODES, Hepatic. 
 
 HEPATOIDES, Hepatic. 
 
 HEPATOLITHI'ASIS, from 'v^rap, 'the liver,' 
 and XiOLaa-ts, ' formation of stone.' The formation 
 of concretions, Hepatol'ithi, in the liver. 
 
 HEPATOL 'OGY, Hepatolog" ia, from 'vr.ap, 
 'the liver,' and \oya<;, 'a discourse,' 'treatise.' A 
 treatise on the liver. 
 
 HEPATOxMALA'CIA, Malaco'sis he'patis, (P.) 
 Ramollissement du Foie. Softening of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOMYELOMA, Hepatencephaloma. 
 
 HEPATON'CUS, from 'n^ap,' the liver,' and 
 oyKog, ' a tumour.' Tumefaction of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOPAREC'TAMA, from 'rjwap, 'the 
 liver,' and vapcKrana, ' considerable extension.' 
 Excessive enlargement of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOPATHI'A, from 'r,i:ap, 'liver,' and 
 ■KaQoq, ' suffering.' Liver-Disease. Disease of the 
 liver. 
 
 HEP ATOP ATHIE CANCEREUSE, Hepa- 
 toscirrbus — /). Taberculeuse, Hipatostrumosie, 
 
 HEPATOPHLEGMONE, Hepatitis. 
 
 HEPATOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis hepat'ica, hr-^yx 
 'jj-ap, 'the liver,' and <pOi<j), 'I consume.' Con- 
 sumption from suppuration of the liver. 
 
 HEPATORRHAGIA, Hepatirrhoea, Hepathjc- 
 morrhagia. 
 
 HEPATORRHEX'IS, from 'r,nap, 'liver,' and 
 pijfif, ' rupture.' Rupture of the liver. 
 
 HEPATORRHGEA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 
 HE PA TOSARCOMIE, Hepatoseirrhus. 
 
 HEPATOSCIR'RHUS, from 'r,T:ap, 'liver,' 
 and cKippog, ' cancerous induration.' Scirrhna 
 he'patis, Encephalo'sis of the liver, Carcinoma of 
 the liver, (F.) Hepatosarcomie, Hepatojiatltie can- 
 cereuse. Cancer da Foie. Scirrhus or Cancer of 
 the liver. 
 
 HEPATOSTRmiOSlE, Tuher'cxila he'patis, 
 (F.) Tuhercules du Foie, Hepatopathie tuhercit,- 
 leuse ; from 'Tj-rrap, 'the liver,' and struma, 'a tu- 
 mour,' ' a scrophulous tumour.' Tubercle of the 
 liver. 
 
 HEPATOT'OMY, from 'v^ap, 'the Hver,' and 
 Tciivo), ' I cut.' Dissection of the liver. 
 
 HEPIALOS, Epialos. 
 
 HEPS, see Rosa canina. 
 
 HEPSEMA, Decoction. 
 
 HEPSESIS, Decoction. 
 
 HEPTAL CYCLE, see Cycle. 
 
 HEPTAL'LON GRAVEOLENS, Hogwort, 
 Bear's fright. An indigenous plant, which has 
 a fetid porcine smell ; and is said to be used by 
 the Indians as a diaphoretic, cathartic, &,o. 
 
 HEPTAPHAR'MACUM, from 'ettto, 'seven,' 
 and (papiiaKov, 'a remedy.' A medicine composed 
 of seven substances; cerusse, litharge, pitch, wax, 
 colophony, frankincense, and bullock's fat. It was 
 regarded as laxative, suppurating and healing. 
 
 HEPTAPHYLLUM, Tormentilla. 
 
 HEPTAPLEURON, Plantago major. 
 
 HERACLEUM, see H. lanatum — h. Branca, 
 H. spondylium. 
 
 Heracle'um Spondyl'ium, H. Bran'ca, Branca^ 
 ursi'na, B. German'ica, Spondyl'ium, Spliondyl'-- 
 ium. Cow Parsnep, All-heal, (F.) Berce, Branc- 
 vrsine hdtarde, Fausse Acanthe. Family, Um- 
 bellifera;. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The 
 root of this plant has a strong, rank smell ; and 
 a pungent, almost caustic taste. It has been 
 given as a tonic, stomachic and carminative; 
 both in powder and in decoction. The Russians, 
 Lithuanians, and Poles obtain from its seeds and 
 leaves, by fermentation, a very intoxicating spi- 
 rituous liquor, which they call Parst. 
 
 The root of Heracle' um Lana'tum, Mastcricort, 
 Cow parsnep, — Heracle'um (Ph. U. S.) — is in the 
 secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States. 
 
 HERACLEUS MORBUS, Epilepsy. 
 
 HERB, Herba, Bot'ane. Any ligneous plant 
 which loses its stalk during the winter. 
 
 Herb Christopher, Actsea spicata. 
 
 Herb-Doctor, Botan'ical Doctor, Botan'ical 
 p)hysic"ian. One who treats diseases altogether 
 by herbs ; as the — so called — " Thompsonians." 
 
 Herb of Grace, Gratiola ofiicinalis — h. Mas- 
 tich, common. Thymus mastichina — h. Mastich, 
 Syrian, Teucrium marum — h. Robert, Geranium 
 Robertianum — h. of Saint Cunegonde, Eupato- 
 rium cannabinum — h. Sophia, Sisymbrium sophia 
 — h. Trinity, Hepatica triloba. 
 
 HERBA, Herb — h. Alexandrina, Smyrnium 
 olusatrum — h. AlthseEe, Pelargonium cucullatum 
 
 — h. Anthos, Rosmarinus — h. Benedicta, Geum 
 urbanum — h. Britannica, Rumex hydrolapathum 
 
 — h. Canni, Artemisia santonica — h. Cardiaca, 
 Leonurus cardiaca — h. Cardui veneris, Dipsacus 
 
HERB^ 
 
 438 
 
 HERNIA 
 
 fullornm — b. Dorea, Solidago virganrea — h. Fe- 
 lis, Nepeta — h. Genipi, Achillea atrata — h. Ignis, 
 Lichen pyxidatus — h. Melanoholifuga, Fumaria 
 — h. Militaris, Achillea millefolium — h. Papilla- 
 ris, Lapsana — h. Paralyseos, Primula veris — h. 
 Paralytica, Primula veris — h. Patse lapiriEe, Leo- 
 nurus cardiaca — h, Pulicaris, Plantago psyllium 
 
 — h. Qaercini, Lichen plicatus — h. Sacra, Ver- 
 bena oiScinalis — h. Salivaris, Anthemis pyre- 
 thrum — h. Sideritidis, Galeopsis grandiflora — h. 
 Tabaci, Nicotiana tabacum — h. Trinitatis, Ane- 
 mone hepatica, Viola tricolor — h. Veneris, Adi- 
 antum pedatum — h. Ventis, Anemone Pulsatilla 
 
 — h. Vitri, see Salsola kali — h. Zazarhendi, Ori- 
 ganum. 
 
 HERBJi; PRO ENEMATE, Glyster herbs — 
 h. pro fotu, Fomentation herbs. 
 
 HERBALIST, Herborist. 
 
 HERBA'RIUM, from herba, a plant. A col- 
 lection of plants. Generally applied to a collec- 
 tion of dried plants — Hortua siccus. In Phar- 
 macy, a plant that is used entire. 
 
 HERBARIUS, Herborist. 
 
 EERBE, Herb — h. au Cancer, Plumbago Eu- 
 rop^a — }i. aux Chantres, Erysimum — h. aux 
 Gharpentiers, Justitia pectoralis — h. mix Chats, 
 Nepeta, Teucrium marum — h. au Coq, Tanace- 
 tum balsamita — h. au Cuillers, Cochlearia offici- 
 nalis — h. aux Eerouelles, Scrophularia nodosa — 
 h. aux Hcus, Lysimachia nummularia — h. d Etcr- 
 nuer, Achillea ptarmica — h. aux Gueux, Clematis 
 vitalba — h. d la Houette, Asclepias Syriaca — h. 
 d'lvrogne, Lolium temulentum — h. aux llameUes, 
 Lapsana — h. aux Mouches, Conyza squarrosa — 
 k. au Pauvre homme, Gratiola officinalis — h. aux 
 Perles, Lithospermura officinale — h. d Pisser, 
 Pyrola umbellata — h. d la Poudre de Cliypre, 
 Hibiscus abelmoschus — h. aux Poux, Delphinium 
 staphisagria — h. aux Puces commune, Plantago 
 psyllium — h. d Robert, Geranium Robertianum 
 
 — h. de Sainte Barbe, Erysimum barbarea — h. 
 Sainte Christophe, Actsea spicata — h. de Saint 
 JEtienne, Circsea lutetiana — h. de Saint Jean, Ar- 
 temisia vulgaris — h. de Saint Roch, Inula dysen- 
 terica — h. aux Sorciers, Circsea lutetiana — h. aux 
 Vermes, Heliotropium Europaeum. . 
 
 HERBIVOROUS, Herhiu'orus, from herba, 
 ' grass,' and voro, ' I eat.' An epithet applied to 
 animals which feed on herbs. 
 
 HER'BORIST, Herba' ring. One who deals in 
 useful plants. An Herb'alist or Herb' arist. 
 
 HERBORIZA'TION, Herba'rum inquisif'io. 
 An excursion, made with the view of collecting 
 plants. Such excursions are directed by the 
 Apothecaries' Company of London, for the use 
 of their apprentices, &c. 
 
 HERBS, FIVE CAP'ILLART, Quinque herba 
 capilla'res, were, anciently, hart's tongue ; black, 
 white, and golden maiden-hair, and spleenwort. 
 
 Herbs, Five Emol'lient, Quinque herba emol- 
 lien'tes, were, anciently, beet, mallow, marsh- 
 mallow, French mercury, and violet. 
 
 HERCULES ALLHEAL, Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 HERCULEUS MORBUS, Epilepsy. 
 
 HEREDITAIRE, Hereditary. 
 
 HERED'ITARY, Haredita'rius, Heredita'- 
 rius, Gentilit"ius, Sym'phytos, Syn'genes, (F.) 
 Hereditaire, from hares, 'an heir.' An epithet 
 given to diseases, communicated from progeni- 
 tors. Such diseases may exist at birth ; or they 
 U.ay supervene at a more or less advanced period 
 of existence. Hereditary diseases, Morbi heredi- 
 la'rii, (F.) Ifaladi^s hereditaires, often prevail 
 umongst several members of a family, or are 
 family diseases or complaints. 
 
 HERMAPHRODE'ITY, Hermaphrodis'ia, 
 Hermaph.toditis'mus, Hermajthrodis'mus, Fab'rica 
 
 androg"yna, Androgyn'ia, Gynan' dria, Hermaph'- 
 rodism ; from ^'E.^jir]^, 'Mercury,' and A0<)octr»j, 
 'Venus.' Appertaining to Mercury and Venus, 
 Union of the two sexes in the same individual. 
 
 HERMAPHRODISIA, Hermapbrodeity. 
 
 HERMAPH'RODITE. Same ctyuion. Her. 
 maphrodi'tns, Gynida, Androg"ynns. One who 
 possesses the attributes of male and female : who 
 unites in himself the two sexes. A term, applied 
 to an animal or plant which is, at the same time, 
 both male and female. True hermaphrodites are 
 only met with in the lower degrees of the animal 
 scale, amongst the zoophytes, mollusca, or gaste- 
 ropoda. The individuals of the human species, 
 regarded as hermaphrodites, owe this appearance 
 to a vicious conformation of the genital organs ; 
 a kind of monstrosity, which renders them unfit 
 for generation, although an attentive examination 
 may exhibit the true sex. Hermaphrodites have, 
 likewise, been described, which, instead of uniting 
 the attributes of both sexes, cannot be considered i 
 male or female. These have been called neutral 
 hermaphrodites. 
 
 HERMAPHRODITISMUS, Hermapbrodeity. 
 
 HERMAPHRODITUS, Hermaphrodite. 
 
 HERMET'ICA DOCTRI'NA, Hermetica ars, 
 (F.) Hermetique. The doctrine of Hermes, a 
 celebrated Egyptian philosopher, who is con- 
 sidered the father of alchemy. That part of 
 chymistry, whose object was the pretended trans- 
 mutation of the metals. 
 
 HERMODAC'TYLUS, Dactyle'tus, An'ima ar- 
 ticulo'rum, from ''Epurjs, ' Mercury,' and &aKTv\o5, 
 ' a finger ;' or rather from Hernms, a river in 
 Asia, upon whose banks it grows, and Soktv'Xos) 
 'a date;' or from 'Ep/trjs, 'Mercury,' and SaKTv'Xo;, 
 'a, date;' (F.) Hermodaetyle, Hermodacte ou Her- 
 modate. The root of the Hermodactyl was for- 
 merly used as a cathartic. By some, it is sup- 
 posed to be identical with the Iris tubero'sa. 
 The best testimony seems to be in favour of its 
 being a variety of the colchicum, — Col'ehieum 
 Illyr'icum. 
 
 HER3I0DATE, Hermodactylus. 
 
 HERMOPH'ILUS, from 'Ep/ii??, 'Mercury,' 
 and 0iAoj, ' a lover.' One who is fond of mercury 
 as a medicine. 
 
 HER'NIA, Ramex, Ruptu'ra, R. hernio'sa, 
 Crepatu'ra, Ecto])'ia hernio'sa, Cele, Rupture, 
 Burst, (F.) Hargne, Bescente, Effort, Greveure, 
 Rompeure. Any tumour, formed by the displace- 
 ment of a viscus or a portion of a viscus, which 
 has escaped from its natural cavity by some aper- 
 ture and projects externally. Herniae have been 
 divided into, — 1. Hernia of the Brain; Encepha- 
 locele; 2. Hernia of the Thorax; Pneumocele; 
 3. Hernia of the Abdomen. 
 
 Abdom'inal Hernia are remarkable for their 
 frequency, variety, and the danger attending 
 them. They are produced by the protrusion of 
 the viscera, contained in the abdomen, through 
 the natural or accidental apertures in the parietes 
 of that cavity. The organs, which form them 
 most frequently, are the intestines and the epi- 
 ploon. These herniae have been divided, accord- 
 ing to the apertures by which they escape, into : 
 
 1. Inguinal or Supra-Pu'bian Hernia. These 
 issue by the inguinal canal : they are called -Bm- 
 bonoce'le, when small ; and Scrotal Hernia or 
 Oscheoce'le, in man, when they descend into the 
 scrotum; — Vulvar Hernia ot Puden'dal or La'- 
 bial Hernia, Ejiisioee'le, in women, when they 
 extend to the labia mnjora. 2. Crural or Fcm'- 
 oral Hernia, Me'roce'le, when they issue by the 
 crural canal. 3. In/ra-Pu'bian Hernia, (F.) Her- 
 nie sous -pub ienne, Oodeoce'le, Iler'nia foram'inis 
 ova'lis, when the viscera escape through the 
 opening, which gives passage to the infra-pubiaa 
 
HERNIA 
 
 439 
 
 HEROIC 
 
 vessels. 4. Tscht'at'ic Hernia; ■vvTien it talcos place 
 tbrough the sacro-sciatic notch. 5. Umhil'ical 
 Hernia, Exoin'phalos, Omphaloce'le ; 'when it oc- 
 curs at the umbilicus or near it. 6. Epijas'tric 
 Hernia; — occurring through the linea alba, above 
 the umbilicus. 7. Hypogas'tric or Infra-umhil' - 
 ical Hernia, Ccelioce'le, Hypogastroce'le, — when 
 it occurs through the linea alba below the umbi- 
 licus. 8. Perinea' al Hernia, Mesoscelocele, Her'- 
 nia perinm'i, Perinceoce'le, Perineoce'le — when it 
 takes place through the levator ani, and appears 
 at the perineum. 9. Vag"inal Hernia, Coleoce'le 
 seu Ehjtrocele — through the parietes of the va- 
 gina. 10. Diaphrag'inat'ic Hernia, Diapihrug- 
 matoce'le ; when it passes through the diaphragm. 
 
 Hernias are likewise distinguished, — according 
 to the viscera forming them,- — into Enteroce'le, 
 Epiploce'le, En'tero-epiploce'le, Gastroce'le, Ci/s- 
 toce'le, Hepatoce'le, Splenoce'le, &c. 
 
 AYhen a hernia can be restored to its natural 
 cavity, by the aid of pressure, &c., properly ap- 
 plied, it is said to be reducible. It is, on the con- 
 trary, irreducihle, when adhesion, bulk, &e., op- 
 pose its return. When the aperture, which has 
 given passage to the hernia, occasions more or 
 less constriction on the protruded portion, the 
 hernia is said to he incarcerated or utrangidaled: 
 and, if the constriction be not removed, consti- 
 pation, hiccough, vomiting, and all the signs of 
 violent inflammation, followed by gangrene, su- 
 pervene, with alteration of the features, small 
 pulse, cold extremities, and death. 
 
 The therapeutical indications are, — 1. As re- 
 gards reducihle hefnia: — to replace the viscera 
 in the abdomen by the taxis; and to retain them 
 there by the use of a triiss, which, if properly 
 adapted, may effect a radical cure. 2. As regards 
 irreducihle hernia: — to support the tumour by 
 an appropriate suspensory bandage. 3. As re- 
 gards strangulated hernia: — to have recourse to 
 the taxis ; blood-letting ; warm bath ; tobacco 
 glysters ; ice to the tumour ; and, if these should 
 not succeed, to perform an operation, which con- 
 sists in dividing the covering of the hernia, and 
 cutting the aponeurotic ring, which causes the 
 strangulation; — reducing the displaced viscera, 
 unless their diseased condition should require 
 them to be retained without; — dressing the wound 
 appropriately ; — restoring the course of the fa3ces 
 by means of gentle glysters ; — preventing or com- 
 bating inflammation of the abdominal viscera ; — 
 conducting the wound to cicatrization, by appro- 
 priate means ; and afterwards supporting the ci- 
 catrix by a bandage. 
 
 The word hernia was also used, of old, for the 
 scrotum, and, not unfrequently, for the testicle. 
 
 Hernia, Aneurismal, Cirsomphalus — h. Ar- 
 teriarum, see Aneurism — h. of the Bladder, Cys- 
 tocele — h. Bronchialis, Bronchocele — h. Carnosa, 
 Sarcocele — h. of the Cerebellum, Pareneephalo- 
 cele — h. Cerebri, Encephalocele. 
 
 Hernia, Congen'ital, Hernia congen'ifa, is a 
 protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen 
 into the Tunica vaginalis testis, owing to a want 
 of adhesion between its sides, after the descent 
 of the testicle. 
 
 Hernia Corked, Ceratoeele — h. Crural, Me- 
 rocele — h. Epiploic, Epiplocele — h. Femoral, 
 Meroeele — h. Foraminis Ovalis, see Hernia — 
 h. Gutturis, Bronchocele — h. Hepatica, Hepa- 
 tocele. 
 
 Hernia Humora'lis, Empres'ma OrcM'tts, Di- 
 dymi'tis, Orchi'tis, Orchidi'tis, Inflamma'tio tes'- 
 tium, Inflamma' tion of the Testicle, Swelled Tes- 
 ticle, Hernia Ven'eris, Orehioce'le, Orchidoce'le, 
 Orchidnn'cus, (F.) Inflammation du testicule, Or- 
 chite. Swelling and inflammation of the testicle is 
 a common symptom of gonorrhoea — Chaudepiase 
 
 tomhee dans les Bourses; but it may arise from 
 external injuries, or from other causes. It is a 
 disease, which cannot be mistaken, and the treat- 
 ment must obviously be strongly antiphlogistic, 
 supporting the testicle during the treatment, and 
 for some time afterwards: methodical compres- 
 sion has also been found useful. The disease is 
 not generally of a serious character, going off as 
 suddenly as it comes on. As it affects the epidi- 
 dymis more especially, when supervening on go- 
 norrhoea or blennoi-rhoea, it is sometimes termed 
 h le n orrh ag"ic eptididymi' lis. 
 
 Hernia Incarcerata, Entero-peristole — h. 
 Inguinalis, Bubonocele — h. Intestinalis, Entero- 
 cele — h. Intestinalis omentalis, Entero-epiplocele 
 — h. Iridis, Ptosis Iridis — h. Ischiatica, Ischio- 
 cele — h. Lienalis, Splenocele. 
 
 Her'nia Litt'rica, H. e Divertic'ulo Intesti'ni, 
 Hernia first described by Littre, in which the in- 
 testinal canal proper is not included in the hernial 
 sac, the protruded portion of intestine consisting 
 of a digital prolongation of the ileum, which Littre 
 concluded was formed by the gradual extension 
 of a knuckle of the bowel, that had been engaged 
 in the inguinal canal. 
 
 Hernia of the Liver, Hepatocele — h. Omen- 
 tal, Epiplocele — h. Parorchido-enterica, Paror- 
 ehido-enterocele — h. Perinsei, see Hernia — h. 
 Pharyngis, Pharyngocele — h. Phrenic, Diaphrag- 
 matic hernia — h. Pingviedinosa Scroti, Liparocele 
 
 — h. of the Pleura, Pleurocele — h. Pleurica et 
 pulmonalis, Pleurocele — h. Pudendal, Pudendal 
 hernia — h. Saeci lachrymalis. Lachrymal hernia. 
 Mucocele — h. Scrotalis, Scrotocele — h. Seminalis 
 scroti. Spermatocele — h. of the Stomach, Gas- 
 trocele — h. Suprapubian, II. inguinal — h. of the 
 Tongue, Glossocele — h. Umbilicalis, Epiplom- 
 phaion, Exomphalos — h. Umbilici Aquosa, Hy- 
 dromphalum — h. Urachi, Uromphalus — h. Uteri, 
 Hysterocele — h. Varicose, Cirsocele — h. Yari- 
 cosa. Varicocele — h. Venarum, Varix — h. Ve- 
 neris, Hernia humoralis — h. Ventosa, Physocele 
 
 — h. Ventral, see Ventral — h. Ventriculi, Gas- 
 trocele — h. Vesicae UrinariaB, Cystocele — h. Zir- 
 balis, Epiplocele. 
 
 HERNIAIRE, Hernial, Herniaria glabra. 
 
 HER'NIAL, Hernia'rius, (F.) Herniaire. Be- 
 longing to, or concerning hernia : — as Hernial 
 Bandage, Hernial Sac, kc. 
 
 The (F.) Hernie, is applied to a part enveloped 
 in a hernial sac. (F.) Hernieitx, Cele'ta, Celo'tes, 
 Bup'tured, Burst, Bursten, means one affected 
 with hernia; and Chirurgien herniaire, one who 
 devotes himself to the treatment of hernia. 
 
 HERNIA'RIA GLABRA, H. vulga'ris seu 
 hirsu'ta seu alpes'tris seu an'nua seu cine'rea seu 
 friitico'sa, MilUgra'na, Em'peirum, Rupturc-u-ort, 
 from ^c?-M?'ff, 'rupture.' (F.) Herniaire, Tarquette, 
 Hei-niole. This plant, which, as its name imports, 
 was formerly considered efficacious in the cure 
 of hernia, seems destitute of all virtues. 
 
 HERNTARIUS, Hernial. 
 
 HERNIE CHARNUE, Sarcocele— X. de I'Epi- 
 j)loon, Epiplocele — h. de V Estomac, Gastrocele — • 
 h. Inguinale, Bubonocele — h. du Nombr il. Ex 
 omphalos — h. Omhilicale, Exomphalos — /;. de la 
 Vessie, Cystocele. 
 
 HERNIE, Hernial. 
 
 HERNIEMPHRAG ' MUS, Herniemph rax ' ?*, 
 {totd. hernia, and enippay^iog, 'obstruction.' The 
 mechanical obstruction of a hernial canal for the 
 radical cure of the hernia. 
 
 HERNIEUX, Hernial. 
 
 HERNIOLE, Herniaria glabra. 
 
 HERNIOTOMY, Celotomia. 
 
 HERO'IC, Hero'icus, Hero'ius, Hero'us, from 
 ')7p(us, 'a hero.' An epithet applied to remediea 
 or practice of a violent character. 
 
HERPEDOX 
 
 440 
 
 HEUCHERA 
 
 HERFEDON, Herpes. 
 
 nERPEN, Herpes. 
 
 HERPES, Etyes, Herpe'don, ITerjjen, Serjoens, 
 from 'fpTTOj, 'I creep;' because it creeps and 
 spreads about tbe skin; EcpJihi' sis Herpes, Cy- 
 tls'ma Herpes, Tetter, Fret, (F.) Dartre, Olo- 
 phlyctide. A vesicular disease, which, in most 
 of its forms, passes through a regular course of 
 increase, maturation, decline, and termination in 
 from 10 to 14 days. The vesicles arise in dis- 
 tinct, but irregular clusters, which commonly p.p- 
 pear in quick succession, and near together, on 
 an inflamed base ; generally attended with heat, 
 pain, and considerable constitutional disorder. 
 The term, like all others which refer to cutaneous 
 diseases, has not been accurately defined. The 
 ancients had three varieties : the miliary, Kzy- 
 ;)fpia£oy: vesicular, <p\vK-aivwortg, and era' ding, 
 icr^io^tevos. Bateman has the following varieties : 
 
 1 . Herpes Phlyct.^no'des, Herpes mih'n'ris, Ec- 
 phly' sis Herpes Ililia' ris, {'E'.)Darfre phlycteno'ide, 
 in which the vesicles are millet-sized ; pellucid ; 
 clusters commencing on an uncertain part of the 
 body, and being progressively strewed over the 
 rest of the surface ; succeeded by fresh crops. 
 
 2. Herpes Zoster, Zoster, Zona -ic/'nea, Z. serpi- 
 yino'sa, Irpiis Per'sicus, Cinzilla, Sacer ignis, Ec- 
 fjlily'sis Herpes zoster, Herpes peris' cells, Erysip'- 
 clas zoster, Erysip'elas phlyctanoi'des, E. pustu- 
 hi'sa, Zona, Cir'cinus, PerizoWna, (F.) Cointure, 
 0. dartreuse. Feu Persique, Erysijjele pustuleux, 
 J^hingles, in which the vesicles are pearl-sized; 
 the clusters spreading round the body like a gir- 
 dle ; at times confluent, and occasionally pre- 
 ceded by constitutional irritation. 3. Herpes 
 Circina'tus, Formi'ca amhulato'ria, An'nnhts re- 
 penf!, Herpes Serjn'c/o, Serpi'go, EcjMy'sis He)-- 
 pes Circina'tiis, liingicorm, Vesie'vlar Ringioorm, 
 consisting of vesicles with a reddish base, uniting 
 in rings; the area of the rings slightly discoloured, 
 often followed by fresh crops. 4. Herpes La- 
 bia'lis, and 5. Herpes Pr^eputia'lis, Aphthm 
 2)rcBpn'tii, Vlcus'cula p>r(Bpu'tii, appearing, re- 
 spectively, on the lips and prepuce. 6. Herpes 
 Iris, Iris, liainhow-ioorm, occurring in small cir- 
 cular patches, each of which is composed of con- 
 centric rings of different colours. To these may 
 a.dded. Herpes Ex'edens, Ecphly'sis Herpes ex' - 
 edens, Herpes esthiom'enus, H. depas'cens, H. ferns, 
 H. estiom'enus, H. ferox, Darta excnriati'va seu 
 maliy'ua, Lupus vorax, Formi'ca corrosi'va, For- 
 mix, Pap'ulafera, Ul'cerative Ringworm, Nir'les, 
 A'gria, (F.) Dartre rongeante, in which the vesi- 
 cles are hard ; clusters thronged ; fluid dense, 
 yellow or reddish, hot, acrid, corroding the sub- 
 jacent skin, and spreading in serpentine trails. 
 
 All the varieties demand simply an antiphlo- 
 gistic treatment, when attended with febrile irri- 
 tation. The herj^es circinatus, alone, requires 
 the use of astringent applications which have the 
 power of repressing the eruption. 
 
 Herpes Depascens, H. exedens — h. Esthio- 
 menus, H. exedens— h. Estiomenus, H. exedens 
 — h. Farinosus, Pityriasis — h. Ferox, H. exedens 
 — ^h. Ferus, H. exedens — h. Furfuraceus, Pityri- 
 asis — h. Furfuraceus circinatus. Lepra, H. exe- 
 dens — h. Miliaris, H. phlycta^noides — h. Peris- 
 celis, H. zoster — h. Serpigo, H. circinatus — h. 
 Tonsurans, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 HERPET'IC, Herpet'icus, (F.) Dartreux. Pos- 
 sessing the nature of herpes. 
 
 HERPETOG'RAPHY, Herpetograph'ia, from 
 'epTzrji, 'herpes,' and ypnijirt, 'a description.' A 
 description of the different forms of herpes. 
 
 HERPE'TON, Herpet'icon, from 'cpKuv, 'to 
 creep.' A creeping eruption or ulcer. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 HERPYLOS, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 HERRENSCHWAND'S SPECIFIC, see Spe- 
 eific of Herrenschwand. 
 
 HESPERIS ALLIARIA, Alliaria, 
 
 HETERADELPH'IA,from 'cTcpo;, 'other,' and 
 aSeX(pos, ' a brother.' A double monstrosity, in 
 which the components of the double bodies are 
 very unequal, and of which one portion may be 
 regarded as the stem or trunk, to which another 
 organized part, or even a whole body, less deve- 
 loped than itself, is aiExed like a parasite. 
 
 HETEROCHRON'ICUS, Heteroeh'ronus, from 
 'crtpog, ' other,' and 'x^povoi, ' time.' Relating to 
 difference of time. 
 
 Pulsus heieroehron' icns. A pulse of varying 
 rhythm. An irregular or intermittent pulse. 
 
 "hETEROCHYMEU'SIS, from 'sTepo;, 'other,' 
 and ■)(yjxi:v(jis, 'mixture.' A state of the blood in 
 which it contains other matters than in health, 
 as urea, bile, &c. 
 
 HETEROCLITE, see Homology, and Tissues. 
 
 HETEROCRANIA, Hemicrania. 
 
 HETEROCRIN'IA, from 'ercpo?, 'other,' and 
 Kpivw, 'I separate.' Modification in the situatiou 
 of secretions. — Andral. 
 
 HETEROGENESIS, see Generation. 
 
 HETEROLALIA, Heterophonia. 
 
 HETEROLOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues. 
 
 HETEROMORPH'ISM, Heteromorphis'mus, 
 from 'cTtpo;, 'other,' and f/.op(pri, 'shape.' A de- 
 viation from the natural shape of parts. 
 
 HETEROMORPHOUS, see Homology. 
 
 HETEROPATHIC, Allopathic. 
 
 HETEROPHO'NIA, from 'irepog, ' other,' and 
 (pojvrj, 'voice.' A cracked or broken voice. A 
 change of the voice or speech — Heterola'lia. 
 
 HETEROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'crcpog, 'other,' 
 and o(p^a\noi, 'eye.' A diff'erence in the two 
 eyes, — as when one squints, or is of a different 
 colour. 
 
 HETEROPLAS'TY, Heteroplas'tiee, Hetero- 
 pjla'sia, from 'trtpog, 'other,' and TrAao-cru), 'I form.' 
 Irregular plastic or formative operations, that do 
 not admit of exact classification. 
 
 HETEROPROSO'PUS, from'trtpo?, 'difiFerent,' 
 and zpoadi-Kov, ' countenance.' A monster having 
 two faces. — Gurlt. 
 
 HET'EROPUS, from 'cr^pog, 'other,' and ttov;, 
 ' foot.' One who has one foot difi'erent from the 
 other. 
 
 HETEROREXIA, Malacia. 
 
 HETERORRHYTH'JiUS.from 'tnpog, 'other,' 
 SJiA. pvOjiog, 'rhythm.' Having another rhythm. 
 An epithet given to the pulse, when it is such, 
 in any individual, as is usually felt at a difi'erent 
 age. 
 
 HETEROS, from hnpog, 'the one of two,' 'the 
 other.' Hence: 
 
 HETEROSARCO'SES, from 'cripog, 'other,' 
 and cap^, 'flesh.' A class of diseases which con- 
 sist in the formation of accidental tissues. — Gen- 
 drin. 
 
 HETEROTAX'IA. (F.) Heterotaxie, from 'iTt- 
 pog, and ra^ig, 'order.' A malformation, which 
 consists in the general transposition of organs. 
 A change in the relation of organs. 
 
 HETEROTOP'IA, from 'erepog. 'other,' and 
 TOTvog, 'place.' A de^viation from the natural po- 
 sition of parts. 
 
 HJ&TRE, Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 HEUCHERA, see H. cortusa — h. Aeerifolla, 
 H. cortusa. 
 
 Heuche'ra Cortu'sa, H. America' na, H.Ace- 
 rij'u'lia, H. Vis'cida, Cortu'sa America' na, Alum 
 
heudelotia 
 
 441 
 
 niLOJT 
 
 Root, Amer'iean San'icle, Ground-maple, Cliff- 
 weed, Split-rock. The root — Heuchera (Ph. U. 
 S.) — is a powerful astringent, and is the basis 
 of a cancer powder. The American Indians ap- 
 ply the powdered root to wounds, ulcers, and 
 cancers. It is said to have been sold for col- 
 chicum. 
 
 Heuchera Viscida, H. cortusa. 
 
 HEUDELOTIA AERICANA, see Bdellium. 
 
 HEVEA GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc. • 
 
 HEXAGIUM, Sextula. 
 
 IIEXATHYRIDIUM VENARUM.seeWorms. 
 
 HEXIS, 'e^ii. Habit, habit of body, constitu- 
 tion. Hence, hectic, ca.chectie, &c. 
 
 HIA'TUS, from hiare, 'to gape,' 'to open.' 
 A foramen or aperture. Mouth. The vulva. 
 Also, j'awning. 
 
 Hiatus Diaphrag'matis Aoe'ticus, Semicir'- 
 cidus cxsculp'tus. The opening in the diaphragm 
 for the passage of the abdominal aorta. 
 
 Hiatus Fallopii, see AquEeductus Fallopii — 
 Ti. Occijnto-petreux, Lacerum pcsterius foramen 
 — h. Spheno-pietreux, Lacerum anterius foramen. 
 
 Hiatus of Winslow, Fora'men of Window. 
 An opening — situate behind the lesser omentum, 
 and behind the vessels and nerves of the liver — 
 which forms a communication between the peri- 
 toneal cavity and that of the omenta. 
 
 HIBER'NICUS LAPIS, Teg'ida Hlher'nica, 
 Arde'sia Hiber'nica, Harde'sia, Irish Slate. A 
 kind of slate or very hard stone, found in differ- 
 ent parts of Ireland, in masses of a bluish-black 
 colour, which stains the hands. It has been 
 taken, powdered, in spruce-beer, against inward 
 contusions. 
 
 HIBISCUS, Althaja, 
 
 HiBis'cus ABELjros'cHUS, Ahehnos' chus mos- 
 cha'tus. The name of the plant, whose seeds are 
 called Grancc Mo-schi or 3fuskseed. It is the Bel- 
 mus'chus, Abel mos' chus, Graniim ^[oschi, Ket'mia 
 JEfjyptiaca, IIoschusAr'abum, ^Egt/p'tia moscha'- 
 tn, Bamix moscha'ta, Alce'a, Alcea Ind'ica, Alcea 
 JEgtjptiaca Villo'sa, Abelmosch, Abelmusl; 3[uslc- 
 mallow, (F.) Graine de Muse, Herbe d In poudre 
 de Chypre, Ambrette, Guimauve veloufee. It is 
 indigenous in Egypt and the Indies. The seeds 
 are chiefly used as perfumes ; and especially in 
 the formation of Cyprus Powder. 
 
 HiBls'cus Popule'us, Balimba'go. A small 
 Molucca tree. The fruit is full of a juice similar 
 to camboge. The root is emetic. It is used in 
 chronic diarrhoea, colic, dyspepsia, &o. 
 
 HICCOUGH, Singultus. 
 
 HICCUP, Singultus. 
 
 HICK'ORY. The name of several American 
 trees of the genus Cart/a ; Order, Juglandacese. 
 The leav.es are usually aromatic ; and are reputed 
 to be antispasmodic (?). The bark of those species 
 that have bitter nuts, as Carya ama'ra and C. 
 porci'na, is somewhat astringent. Some of them 
 bear fruit that is much esteemed, as Caryn. oliva- 
 formis. Pecan' or Peccan' nut, and C. sulca'ta, 
 Shellbark. 
 
 HIDDEN SEIZURES. An expression em- 
 ployed by Dr. Marshall Hall for obscure ence- 
 phalic and spinal attacks, of an epileptoid cha- 
 racter for example, which may be immediately 
 owing to trachelismus. 
 
 HIDRISCHESIS, Hidrnschesis. 
 
 HIDltOA, Desudatio, Echauboidures, Hydroa, 
 Sudamina. 
 
 HIDRON'OSUS, Hidronu'sus, from 'iBpm, 
 'sweat,' and voao?, 'a disease.' A disease accom- 
 panied by violent sweats. Sudor Anglicus. 
 
 HIDRONUSUS, Hidronosus. 
 
 HIDROPEDESIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HIDROPIIOROS, Sudoriferous. 
 
 HIDROPOETICUM, Sudorific. 
 
 HIDROPYRA, Sudor Anglicus. 
 HIDROPYRETOS, Sudor Anglicus. 
 HIDRORRHCEA, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HIDROS, 'iipwf. Sudor, 'sweat.' Hence — ITx- 
 dropyra, Ilidrosis, &c. 
 
 HIDROS'CHESIS, Hidris'chesis, Beten'lio su- 
 do'ris, from 'ii?f)wf, 'sweat,' and o-)(^tais, 'reten- 
 tion.' Suppression of persj)iration. 
 
 HIDRO'SIS, Hidro'sis, Suda'tio, from 'lopuij, 
 ' sweat.' Sudation, Sweating, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HIDRGTERION", Aehicolum. 
 
 HIDROTERIUM, Sudorific. 
 
 HIDROTICUM, Sudorific. 
 
 HIDRO'TIUM, Diminutive of 'i^puy, 'sweat' 
 A gentle sweat or perspiration. 
 
 HIDROTOPCEUM, Sudorific. 
 
 HIEBLE, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 HI'ERA DIACOLOCYN'THIDOS, from 'npoi, 
 'holy.' Hiera of Colocynth. An eleetuarj', com- 
 posed of 10 parts of colocynth, as much agaric, 
 germander, ichite horehound, stcechas: — 5 parts 
 of npoponax, as much sagapenum, parsley, round 
 birthwort root, and vhite pepper: — 4 parts of 
 spiikenard, cinnamon, viyrrh, and saff'roti/ and 3 
 pounds, .3 ounces, and 5 drachms of honey. 
 
 Hiera of Colocynth, H. Diacolocynthidos — 
 h. Logadii, Hiera picra. 
 
 Hiera Picra, from 'icpos, 'holy,' and nx-pof, 
 'bitter.' Eoly bitter, Pulvis aloet'-icus, formerly 
 called Hiera loga'dii, when made into an electu- 
 ary with honey. It is now kept in the form of 
 dry powder ; — prepared by mixing soeotrine aloes 
 one pound, with 3 ounces of canella alba. Seo 
 Pulvis aloes cum canella. 
 
 Hiera Syrinx, Vertebral column. Epilepsy. 
 
 HIERACI'TES, 'upaKiT^g, from 'i£pa(, 'a hawk,' 
 Lapis Accip'itrum. The ancient name of a pre- 
 cious stone, believed to be capable of arresting 
 the hemorrhoidal flux. — Plinv, Galen, Paulus. 
 
 HIERACIUM LACHEXALII, H. murorum. 
 
 Hiera'cium Mubo'eum, H. Lachenalii, Pid- 
 mona'ria Gall'ica, Auric'ula mu'ris major, (F.) 
 Epierviere des murailles, Pulmonaire des Francois, 
 A European plant, which is a slight tonic. 
 
 HiERACiuii Oleeaceum, Sonchus oleraceus. 
 
 HiERACiuM Pilosel'la. The systematic name 
 of the Auric'ula Jlurr^. Pilosel'la, P. Alpi'na, 
 jifyoso'tis. Mouse-ear, (F.) Piloselle, Oreille de 
 Souris. This plant contains a bitter, lactescent 
 juice, which has a slight degree of astringeney. 
 The roots are more powerful than the leaves. 
 
 Hiera'cium Vexo'sum, Rattlesnakeweed , Veiny 
 Hawkweed, indigenous, has similar properties. 
 
 HIERANOStrS, Chorea, Epilepsy. 
 
 HIERAX, Aeeipiter. 
 
 HIEROBOTANE, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 HIEROGLYPH'ICA, from 'npos, 'holy,' and 
 yXu^M, 'I carve.' A name given to the signs 
 employed in medicine ; and, also, to the folds in 
 the hands, feet, and forehead, which afford cM- 
 romaney its pretended oracles. 
 
 HIEROPYR. Erysipelas. 
 
 HILL'S BALSAM OF HOXEY'', see Balsam 
 of Honey, Hill's — h. Essence of Bardana, Tinctura 
 guaiaci ammoniata. 
 
 HILLBERRY, Gaultheria. 
 
 HILL FEVER, see Fever, bill. 
 
 HILOIST, (F.)Hilum, improperly ZTiVj/s. A name 
 given by some writers to a small blackish tumour, 
 formed by the protrusion of the iris through an 
 opening in the transparent cornea, so called from 
 its comparison with the hile or black mark pre- 
 sented by the vicia faba at one of its extremitiei«. 
 In Botany, the Hile or Hilum is the cioatrieula 
 of a seed, which indicates the place by which it 
 was attached in the cavity of the pericarp. It- 
 is the umbilicus of the seed. The fissure of tha 
 
HILUS 
 
 442 
 
 HISTOGENIA 
 
 spleen, kidney, &e., is, also, sometimes called 
 HUm. 
 
 HILUS, Hilon. 
 
 IIiLUS Liena'lis, Ineisu'ra liena'Ua. The con- 
 cave part of the spleen. 
 
 IIiLDS Rexa'lis, Ineisu'ra rena'lia. The con- 
 cave pnrt of the kidney. 
 
 HIMAXTOMA, see Himas. 
 
 niMANTOSIS, Himas. 
 
 HIMAS, 'i/zaj, ' a thong of leather.' The uvnla ; 
 likewise, elongation, and extenuation of the uvula. 
 It is also called Himanto'sis, Himanto'ma. See 
 fitaphylffidema. 
 
 HIMEROS, Libido. 
 
 HIP, Haunch — h. Bone, Ischium — h. Disease, 
 Cosarum morbus — h. Joint, Coxofemoral articu- 
 lation— h. Tree, Rosa canina. 
 
 HIP'PACE, 'c-izaKti, from 'tiriTo;, 'a horse.' 
 Ca'seus Equi'nus. A cheese prepared from mare's 
 milk. 
 
 HIPPAXTHRO'PIA, from 'nrno;, 'a horse,' 
 and av&pii)-os, ' a man.' A variety of melancholy, 
 in which the patient believes himself changed to 
 a horse. The Greek word 'iirirav-^pw-os, means 
 the fabulous Centaur. 
 
 HIPPASIA, Equitation. 
 
 HIPPEIA, Equitation. 
 
 HIPPEUSIS, Equitation. 
 
 HIPPIATER, Hippi'dtroa, Med'ievs eqiia'rina. 
 A farrier. A horse doctor. Used also for one 
 who treats the diseases of other domestic animals; 
 Veterina' rius, Mulumed'icus, Med'icus Vetetinu'- 
 riiis, Zoidtrus. 
 
 HIPPIATRI'A, Hippiat'rica, Hipjnat'rice, 
 Medici' na equa'ria, from 'itt-os, ' a horse,' and 
 larpiKri, ' laedicine,' {F.} Ilippiatrique. A science, 
 whose object is the knowledge of the diseases of 
 the horse. It is sometimes made to include other 
 domestic animals. See Veterinary art. 
 
 HIPP I A TRIQ UE, Hippiatria. 
 
 HIPPIATRUS, Hippiater. 
 
 HIPPO, Euphorbia coroUata— h. Indian, Gil- 
 lenia trifoliata. 
 
 HIPPOCAMPE GRANDE, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 HIPPOCAMPUS MAJOR, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 Hippocam'pus Minor, Pea hippocam' p>i minor, 
 Pea hippopot'ami mijior, j^nguia, U. Avis, U. Hal- 
 leri, O'crea, Collie' ulna ca'vea: posterio'ris ventri- 
 culo'rum latera'lium,JJaleara'vi8, Vn'ciforvi Eni'- 
 inenee, (F.) Ergot, Eperon. A medullary tubercle 
 cr projection, observed in the posterior cornu of 
 the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
 
 HIPPOCENTAUREA CENTAURIUM, Chi- 
 ronia centaurium. 
 
 HIPPOCRAS, Claret. 
 
 HIPPOCRATES, CAP OF, Bonnet d'Hippo- 
 crate — h. Sleeve, CJianaae. 
 
 HIPPOCRAT'IC, ffippoerat'icua. Relating to 
 Hippocrates, or concerning his doctrine, — a.sHip- 
 poeratie doctrine, Hippiocratic face, <tc. 
 
 HIPPOC'RATIST. A partisan of the Hippo- 
 cratic doctrine. 
 
 HIPPOGONYOLEPUS, Crusta genu equinse. 
 
 HIPPOLAPATHUM, Rumex patientia. 
 
 HIPPOLITHUS, Bezoard of the horse. 
 
 HIPPOMARATHRUM, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
 HIPPOPATHOL'OGY, Hippopatholog"ia, 
 from 'iiTTTog, 'a, horse, va^s, 'a disease,' and \oyos, 
 'a, discourse.' The science of the diseases of 
 the horse. Patholosiy of the horse. 
 
 HIPPOPHAGOUS, Equivorous, 
 
 HIPPOPUS, see KyUosis. 
 
 HIPPOS, Equus. 
 
 HIPPOSELINUM, Smymium olusatrum. 
 
 UIPPOSTEOL'OGY, Hippo8teolog"ia, from 
 'jirrof, 'a horse,' oanov, 'a bone,' and Aoyoj, 'a 
 discourse.' Osteology of the horse. 
 
 HIPPOT'OMY, Eippotom'ia, from 'irroj, 'a 
 horse,' and njivetv, ' to cut.' Anatomy of the 
 horse. 
 
 HIPPU'PiIA, from 'ittos, 'a horse,' and ovpov, 
 'urine,' because the urine contains hippuric acid, 
 which is found in the iirine of the horse. A pa- 
 thological condition, in which there is an excess 
 of hippuric acid in the urine. 
 
 HIPPURIC ACID, see Acid, hippuric. 
 
 HIPPU'RIS YULGA'RIS, from '.ttto;, 'a 
 horse,' and ovpa, ' a tail.' The systematic name 
 of the Horse's Tail, Glare's Tail, Eqtiise'tnm mi- 
 nua, Equise'tum, (F.) Prele, Presle, Asprele. It 
 is an astringent, and frequently used, as tea, by 
 the vulgar, in diarrhoea and hemorrhage. The 
 same virtues are attributed to the Equise'tum ar- 
 ven'se, flnviat'ile, limo'sum, &c. 
 
 HIPPUS, Equua, Nicta'tio, from 'i-^-ao?, 'a 
 horse.' A disease of the eyes, in which, from 
 birtb, they perpetually twinkle, like those of a 
 man on horseback. (?) Also, a tremulous condition 
 of the iris, which occasions repeated alternations 
 of contraction and dilatation of the pupil; Iri- 
 dot'romua. Tremor I'ridis. 
 
 HIPS, Sax. heopa. The fruit of the dog-rose, 
 Rosa Cani'na : chiefly used as a confection. See 
 Confectio Rosas Caninee. 
 
 HIRCIS'MUS, Hirciia, Hirquus, from Tiircvs, 
 'a goat.' Stinking like a goat: — applied esj>e- 
 cially to the odour of the secretions of the axilla, 
 
 HIRCUS, Canthus (greater), Hircismus, Tra- 
 gus — h. Alarum, Cinabra. 
 
 HIRQUITALITAS,from Mrcus, 'a goat,' Pa- 
 rapho'nia pu'hernm. Goat'svoice. SeeEgophony. 
 
 HIRQUUS, jB'jVcus, Canthus (greater), Hircis- 
 mus, Tragus. 
 
 HIRSU'TIES, Das'yma, Das'ytes, Tricho'ais, 
 Hirsu'ties, Hair'iness. Growth of hairs on extra- 
 neous parts, or, superfluous growth on parts; as 
 in cases of bearded women. — Good. 
 
 HIRU'DO, The Leech, Sangmsu'ga, Bdelln. 
 In medicine, the Uiru'do Medicinn'lls, Bdella 
 Jfedicina'lia, or 3fedicinal Leech, (F.) Sangsve, 
 is employed. In the United States, JS. dec'ora 
 is used. The leech lives in fresh water, and 
 feeds on the blood of animals, which it sucks, 
 after having pierced the skin with its three sharp 
 teeth. This habit has been taken advantage otj 
 to produce local blood-letting. In applying the 
 leech, the part must be wiped dry; and if there 
 be difficulty in making it suck, a little milk or 
 cream may be applied. When satiated, it will 
 drop ofi", and by applying a little salt or vinegar 
 to its head it will disgorge the blood. A good 
 English leech will take about half an ounce of 
 blood, including that which flows by fomenting 
 the part subsequentlj'. The American takes less. 
 
 HiRUDO Artificialis, Antlia sanguisuga — h. 
 Decora, see Hirudo — h. Medicinalis, Hirudo. 
 
 HIRUNDINARIA, Asclepias vincetoxicum, 
 Lysimachia nummularia. 
 
 HIRUN'DO, Chel'idon, from hmrendo, 'stick- 
 ing;' because it sticks its nests against the 
 houses. (?) The Sicallaw. The nests of the 
 swallow were once employed as rubefacienis, 
 boiled in vinegar. 
 
 HISPANICUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 HISPIDITAS, Dystcechiasis, Phalangosis. 
 
 HTSPIDULA, Antennaria dioicum. 
 
 HISSING RESPIRATION, see Rdle sibilant. 
 
 HISTIOLOGY, Histology. 
 
 HISTODYAL'YSIS, from 'taros, 'organic tex- 
 ture,' and (iiaXiiffif, 'dissolution.' A morbid dis- 
 solution of the tissues. 
 
 HISTOGEN'IA, Histog"eny, from htrroi, 'the 
 organic texture,' and ytvcai;, 'generation.' The 
 formation and development of the organic texturcft. 
 
HISTOLOGIA 
 
 443 
 
 HOMOilOZTGY 
 
 HTSTOLOGTA, Histology. 
 1IIST0L0G"ICAL, Hhtolo(j"ic\is. Same ety- 
 mon as the next. Relating to histology. Ap- 
 plied, also, at times, to the natnral transforma- 
 tions that occur in the tissues in the embryo.in 
 contradistinction to morphological, which applies 
 to the alterations in the /orm of the several parts 
 of the embryo. 
 
 HISTOL'OGY, Histolog"ia, Hisllol'ogy, E!s- 
 tiolog"ia, from 'i<rroj, ' the organic texture,' and 
 Xoyoj, 'a description.' Anatomy (general). The 
 term is, also, more particularly appropriated to 
 the minute anatomy of the tissues. See Anatomy. 
 mSTON'OMY, Histonom'ia, from 'jirroj' ' the 
 organic texture,' and voiioi, 'law.' The aggregate 
 of laws, which preside over the formation and 
 arrangement of the organic tissues. 
 
 HIS'TORY, MED'ICAL, Histo'ria Medici'ncB. 
 A narration of the chief circumstances, and the 
 persons connected with them, in the progress of 
 medicine. 
 
 HIST'OS, 'i(TToq, 'the organic texture.' Tex- 
 tu'ra seu Tela organ'ica. 
 
 HISTOT'OMY, i^/siotom'm from 'jtrros, 'orga- 
 nic texture,' and Toum 'incision.' Dissection of 
 the tissues. 
 
 HIVE SYRUP, Syrupus scillse compositus. 
 
 HIVES, Cynanche trachealis, Urticaria, Vari- 
 cella. In Scotland, according to Dr. Jameson, 
 Hives or Hi/ves means any eruption of the skin, 
 proceeding from an internal cause; and, in Lo- 
 thian, it is used to denote both the red and the 
 yellow gum. In the United States, it is vaguely 
 employed: most frequently, perhaps, for Urti- 
 caria. 
 
 Hives, Bolb, Urticaria. 
 
 HOARSENESS, Raueedo. 
 
 HOB-NAIL LIVER, Cirrhosis of the liver. 
 Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 HOCK, Poples. 
 
 HOG-LICE, Onisci aselli, 
 
 HOGWORT, Heptallon graveolens. 
 
 HOLANENCEPHA'LIA, from 'oXoj, 'entire,' 
 and a7iencephalia, 'absence of brain.' Entire 
 absence of brain, — the same as Anencephalia. — 
 G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 HOLARTHRITIS, Hamarthritis. 
 
 HOLCE, 'o^Krj, 'a dram.' — Galen. 
 
 HOL'CIMOS, 'oXKifios, from 'oAk)7, 'a weight,' 
 A tumour of the liver. 
 
 HOLCUS SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum. 
 
 HOLERA, Cholera. 
 
 HOLLANDS, Gin. 
 
 HOLLY, AMERICAN, Hex opaca — h. Com- 
 mon, Ilex aquifolium — h. Dahoon, Ilex vomitoria 
 — h. Ground, Pyrola maeulata — h. Ground, Py- 
 rola umbellata — h. Sea, Eryngium maritimum. 
 
 HOLLYHOCK, COMMON, Alcea rosea. 
 
 HOLMES WEED, Scrophularia nodosa. 
 
 HOLMICOS, Alveolus. 
 
 HOLMOS, Mortar, 
 
 HOLOCYRON, Teucrlum chamsepitys. 
 
 HOLONARCO'SIS, from 'o\og, 'whole,' and 
 vapKuxyig' ' stupor.' Narcosis of the whole body. 
 Torpefactio nniversa'lis. 
 
 HOLOPHLYCTIDES, PhlyctEena. 
 
 HOLOSTEUM ALSINE, Alsine media. 
 
 HOLOSTEUS, Osteocolla. 
 
 HOLOTETANUS, see Tetanus. 
 
 HOLOTONIA, Holotonicus, Tetanus. 
 
 HOLOTON'ICUS, 'oXo;, 'the whole,' andrtivw, 
 ' I stretch.' Holoton'ia. A spasm of the whole 
 body. A variety of tetanus. — Sauvages. 
 
 HOL'YWELL, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Holywell is a town in Wales, and takes its name 
 from the famous well of St. Winifred. It is a 
 simple cold water, remarkable for its purity. 
 
 HOMAGRA, Omagra. 
 
 HOMEOPATHY, Ilomceopatliy. 
 
 HOMERDA, Stercus humanum. 
 
 IIOME'RIA COLLI'NA. A poisonous South 
 African plant, Nat. Ord. Irideffi, the bulb of which 
 acts as a violent acro-narcotic, producing fatal 
 results very speedily. 
 
 HOMESICKNESS, Nostalgia. 
 
 HOMICI'DAL, Triicnlen'tus, Ferus, from Jiomo, 
 'man,' and ccedo, 'I kill.' Pertaining or relating 
 to homicide or the killing of man. 
 
 Homicidal Insanity, Homiei' dal Monoma'nla, 
 (F.) Monomanic homicide. Insanity, with aii ir- 
 resistible impulse to destroy life. 
 
 HOMILIA, Coition. 
 
 HOM'INY. A word of Indian derivation. 
 Maize or Indian corn hulled and coarsely broken. 
 It is prepared for food by being mixed with water 
 and boiled. 
 
 Hominy, Wheaten, see Groats. 
 
 HOMIOSIS, Homoiosis. 
 
 H03UIE, Homo. 
 
 HOMO, (F.) Homme, Man. — the chief and most 
 perfect of the mammalia; in Greek, avSpuiro;, 
 Anthro'pos, from ava, 'upwards, and TpcTuj, 'I 
 turn ;' because man, alone, of all animals, pos- 
 sesses the natural power of standing erect. He 
 is, also, the only animal whose incisor teeth, 
 wedged in a projecting jaw, are absolutely ver- 
 tical. Man is especially distinguished from other 
 mammalia by the faculty, which he possesses, of 
 classing his ideas ; comparing them with each 
 other; and connecting, representing, and trans- 
 mitting them by signs and articulate sounds. He 
 possesses, in the highest degree, all the attributes 
 of intelligence, — memory, judgment, and imagi- 
 nation. He inhabits all countries, — the burning 
 regions of the torrid zone, and the chilling at- 
 mosphere of the polar climes. In different situa- 
 tions, he presents, in his figure, colour, and sta- 
 ture, differences which have caused mankind to 
 be divided by naturalists into races or varieties. 
 The number of such races can only be approxi- 
 mated. Blumenbach admits five, the Caucasian, 
 Ethiopian, Mongolian, Malay, and American. 
 Every division must necessarily be arbitrary, and 
 the individuals composing each variety arc far 
 from being alike. 
 
 Homo Alatus, see Alatus. 
 
 Homo Cauda'tus, ' Tailed man.' A fabulous, 
 tailed variety of the human species, 'incolaorbis 
 antarcticl,' admitted by Linnaeus, although he is 
 uncertain whether to rank them with men or 
 apes ! 
 
 Homo Fatttus, Idiot. 
 
 HOMOED'RUS; from o/iow; 'together,' and 
 t^fia, ' seat.' Having the same seat. Ilorhi ho~ 
 moedri : — diseases that have the same seat. 
 
 HOMGEOMORPHOUS, see Homology. 
 
 HOMOEOPATH, Homoeopathist. 
 
 HOMCEOPATH'IC, Homceopath'icns, Hom(B. 
 op'athes. Relating to homoeopathy. 
 
 HOMOEOP'ATHIST, Ho'mceopath, Homceo- 
 path'icua, Homoeopathis'ta, Homoeopathis'tes. One 
 who believes in homoeopathy. 
 
 HOMCEOP'ATHY, Homceopathi'a, Ars homo;, 
 opath'ica, Homeop'athy, from 'ofioios, 'like,' and 
 TraSoi, 'affection.' A fanciful doctrine, which 
 maintains, that disordered actions in the human 
 body are to be cured by inducing other disor- 
 dered actions of the same kind, and this to be 
 accomplished by infinitesimally small do-^^^s. of- 
 ten of apparently inert agents; the decihionth 
 part of a grain of charcoal, for example, is an 
 authorized dose. 
 
 HOMCEOZ'YGY, from 'ouoiog, 'like,' and ^vyoa, 
 'I join together.' (F.) Soi-jjour-soi. Thfc lav 
 
nOMOETHNIA 
 
 444 
 
 HORSE CANE 
 
 "f association of organs, by -whicli lilie parts ad- 
 here to likj parts. — Serres. 
 
 HOxMOETHNIA, Sympathy. 
 
 HOMOGENESIS, see Generation. 
 
 HOMOIOPATHIA, Sympathy. 
 
 HOMOIO'SIS, Homio'sis, from 'ojioioto, 'I re- 
 semble,' 'I assimilate.' An elaboration of the 
 nutritious juiee, by which it becomes proper for 
 assimilation. 
 
 HOMOLINOlSr, see Apolinosis. 
 
 HOM'OLOGUE, Homol'ogus, same etymon as 
 homology. A term applied to the same organ in 
 different animals under every variety of form and 
 function. 
 
 EOMOL'OGY, from 'o^oiog, 'like,' and \oyog, 
 'a description.' The doctrine of similar parts. 
 Thus, the two sides of the body are said to be 
 * homologous.' Homol'oyous, hoinomoiyh'oits, or 
 homceomorph' ous tissues, are those that resemble 
 others ; in opposition to heterol'orjous, het' eroclite, 
 or lieteromoiph'ous, which are new formations. 
 Homology seems now to be accepted as the de- 
 signation of the doctrine or study, the subject of 
 which is the relations of the parts of animal bo- 
 dies. — Owen. 
 
 HOMOMORPHOUS, see Homology. 
 
 HOMONOPAGIA, Cephalalgia. 
 
 HOMOPH'AGUS, from 'wfto?, 'raw,' and <payui, 
 ' I eat.' One who eats raw flesh. 
 
 HOMOPLAS'TY, Homodpla'sia, from 'o^ioio?, 
 *lil:e,' and TrXacro-w, 'I form.' The formation of 
 homologous tissues. 
 
 HOMOPLATA, Scapula. 
 
 HOMOT'ONOS, ^qua'lis, from 'ono?, 'equal,' 
 and rovof, 'tone.' That which has the same tone. 
 A continued fever, whose symptoms have an 
 equal intensity during the whole course of the 
 disease, has been so called. See Acmasticos, and 
 Synocha. 
 
 HONESTY, lAinaria rediviva. 
 
 HONEWORT, FIELD, Sison amomum. 
 
 HONEY, Mel— h. Balsam of. Hill's, see Mel- 
 fa. Bloom, Apopynum androsajmifolium — h. of 
 Borax, Mel boracis — h. Clarified, Mel despuniatum 
 — h. Prepared, Mel prasparatum — h. of Roses, 
 Mel rosee — h. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scillas 
 compositus. 
 
 HONEYCOMB BAG, Reticulum. 
 
 HONEYSUCKLE, BUSH, Diervilla trifida. 
 
 HONEY SUGAR, Glucose. 
 
 HONGLANE, Coptis teeta. 
 
 HONOR CAPITIS, see Capillus. 
 
 HONORARIUM, Sostrum. 
 
 HONTEUX, Pudie. 
 
 HOODWORT, Scutellaria lateriflora. 
 
 HOOK, Sax. hoce, hooc, Dutch, hoeck, Un- 
 cys, Unc"inus, Anc'yra, (E.) itrigne, Aivigne ou 
 Eriiie. An instrument, consisting of a steel wire, 
 flattened at the middle, and having the extremi- 
 ties crooked and pointed. Some hooks are fur- 
 nished with a handle at one extremity— the other 
 having one or two hooks ; — constituting the single 
 or double hook. The hook is used by anatomists 
 and surgeons to lay hold of, and raise up, certain 
 parts, the dissection of which is delicate, or which 
 would slip from the fingers. 
 
 The Tenaculum is a variety of the hoolc. 
 
 IIoOK, Blunt, Ich'thya, Ich'thye, Onyx, Unguis 
 fcvr'cus. An instrument which is passed over 
 tlie flexures of the joints to assist in bringing 
 down the foetus in y/arturition. 
 
 IIOvJP TREE, Melia azedarach. 
 
 HOOPER'S PILLS, Pilulaj Aloes et Myrrhte. 
 ^H00PTNG-,C0UG1I, Pertussis — h. Roche's 
 Kinb'-ocation for, see Roche, 
 
 H6PITAL, Hospital. 
 
 HOPLOCHRIS'MA, from 'oi:\ov, 'a weapon,' 
 
 and ^piafia, 'salve.' Ungven'tum arma'riwn, 
 Arm'atory Unguent. A salve which was sup- 
 posed to cure wounds by sympathy, — the instru- 
 ment with which the wound was inflicted being 
 anointed with it. 
 
 HOPLOMOCH'LION,'o-Xo//o;!tX(ov.from'o:r>ov, 
 'a weapon,' and jaox^os, 'a lever.' The name of 
 an iron machine or apparatus, which embraced the 
 whole body like armour. A figure of it is given 
 by Fabricius ab Aquapendente. 
 
 HOP PILLOW, see Humulus lupulus — h. 
 Plant, Humulus lupulus. 
 
 HOQUET, Singultus. 
 
 HORA, Hebe. 
 
 HOR^A, Menses. 
 
 HOR^OTES, Maturity. 
 
 HORDEI MALTUM, Malt. 
 
 HORDE'OLUM, diminutive of ^orc^eun?, 'bar- 
 ley.' Orde'ohim, Pos'tMa, SclerophthaV mia, Cri- 
 the, Crithid'ion, Crythe, Stye, Styan, (F.) Or- 
 gelet, Orgeolet. A small, inflammatory tumour, 
 of the nature of a boil, which exhibits itself near 
 the free edge of the eyelids, particularly near the 
 inner angle of the eye. 
 
 HOR'DEUM, Or'deum, CritJie. The seeds of 
 Hordeum vulga're, or Scotch Barley, are ranked 
 amongst the Cerealia. (F.) Orge. They afford 
 a mucilaginous decoction, which is employed as 
 a diluent and antiphlogistic. The seeds of the 
 Hordeum dia'tichon, H. CBsti'viim, Zeoc'riton die'- 
 tichiim, and H. hexas'tichon possess similar pro- 
 perties. Barley is freed from its shells in mills, 
 forming the Hor'deum miinda'tvm seu decortica' - 
 turn, seu earcortica'timi ; and, at times, is rubbed 
 into small, round grains, somewhat like pearls, 
 when it is called Hordeum perla'tum, Pearl Bar- 
 ley, (F.) Orge perle, and forms the Hordeum demi- 
 tatum seu perlatum, the Hordei sem'ina tu'mcia 
 nuda'ta, of the pharmacopoeias, — Hordeum (Ph. 
 U. S.) 
 
 HoRDETTM CArsTictJM, Veratrum sabadilla — h. 
 Decorticatum, see Hordeum — h. Denudatum, see 
 Hordeum — h. Excorticatum, see Hordeum — h. 
 Galacticum, Oryza — h. Mundatum, see Hordeum 
 — h. Perlatum, see Hordeum. 
 
 HOREHOUND, Marrubium — h. Black, Bal- 
 lota fcetida — h. Germander-leaved, Eupatorium 
 teucrifolium -— h. Stinking, Ballota fcetida — h. 
 Water, Lycopus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus — 
 h. Wild, Eupatorium teucrifolium. 
 
 HORME, Instinct. 
 
 HORMINUM, Salvia horminum — h. Colora- 
 tum. Salvia horminum — h. Sativum, Salvia hor- 
 minum. 
 
 HORMON, Enormon. 
 
 HORN, Cornu. 
 
 HORNSEED, Ergot. 
 
 HORNY EXCRES'CENCES, Leindo'sis, Ich- 
 thyi'asis cormg"era, Cor'nua cuta'nea, {F.)Cornea 
 de la Peau. Certain excrescences, which occa- 
 sionally form on some part of the skin, and re- 
 semble, in shape, the horns of an animal. 
 
 Horny Substance, see Tooth. 
 
 HORRENTIA, Horripilation. 
 
 HOR'RIDA CUTIS, Goose-skin, Cutis anse- 
 ri'na, Dermatosp)asmu3. A state of the skin ac- 
 companying the rigor of an intermittent. 
 
 HORRIPILA'TION, Horripila'tio, Horror, 
 Horren'tia, Phrice, Phricas'mus, Phrici'asis, 
 Phri'cia, from horrere, ' to bristle up,' and pihts, 
 'hair.' {F.) Horripilation, Frissonnement. Ge- 
 neral chilliness, preceding fever, and accompanied 
 with bristling of the hairs over the body. 
 
 HORROR, Horripilation — h. Ciborum, Dis- 
 gust for food. 
 
 HORSE BALM, Collinsonia Canadensia. 
 
 HORSE CANE, Ambrosia trifida. 
 
HOESE CHESTNUT 
 
 445 
 
 HUMERUS 
 
 HORSE CHESTNUT, Jilsculus liippocasta- 
 num. 
 HORSE CRUST, Crusta genu equinae. 
 HORSEFLY WEED, Sophora tinotoria. 
 HORSEMINT, Ambrosia trifida, Monarda eoc- 
 cinea and M. punctata — h. Sweet, Cunila ma- 
 riana. 
 
 HORSE RADISH, CocMearia armoraeia. 
 HORSE'S TAIL, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 HORSEWEED, Ambrosia trifida, CoUinsonia 
 Canadensis. 
 
 HORTULUS CUPIDINIS, Vulra. 
 HORTUS, Vulva — h. Siccus, Herbarium. 
 HOS'PITAL, primarily from hospes, 'a, guest.' 
 Nosocomi'um, Adynatocomi'um, Aclynatodoclii'- 
 um, Xenodoce' um, JLenodoche' iini, Ivfirm'ary, In- 
 Jtrma'rhim, Infirm ato'rnim, Nosodoclii'wn, Vale- 
 tudina'rium, (F.) Hopital. An establishment for 
 the reception of the sick, in which they are main- 
 tained and treated medically. Hospitals were 
 first instituted about the end of the 4th century; 
 a period at which the word voaoKOficiov was em- 
 ployed, for the first time, by St. Jerome. They 
 may he general, receiving all cases ; or special, 
 admitting only the subjects of certain diseases. 
 
 Hos'piTAL Gangrene, PhagedcB'na gangra- 
 no'ea. Putrid or Malignant Ulcer, Gangrce'na 
 Nosocomio' rum seu Nosocomia'lis, Sp7iac"elus no- 
 aocomia'lis, Hos'piital Sore, Gangrce'na confagio'- 
 so, Putre'do, CF.) Povrriture ou Gangrene d'liopi- 
 tal. Gangrene, occurring in wounds or ulcers, 
 in hospitals the air of which has been vitiated 
 by the accumulation of patients, or some other 
 .circumstance. Hospital gangrene — many difi"er- 
 eat varieties of which are met with, and always 
 accompanied or preceded by fever — commonly 
 commences with suppression of the suppuration 
 of the wound, which becomes covered with a 
 grayish and tenacious sanies. The gangrene 
 then manifests itself. It extends from the centre 
 of the ulcerated surface towards the edges ; these 
 become swollen, painful, and everted ; and the 
 patient dies with all the signs of typhus. The 
 treatment must be varied according to circum- 
 stances. Sometimes, it requires the use of sti- 
 mulating, acid, caustic, and antiseptic applica- 
 tions ; with, occasionally, the actual cautery, 
 aided by the exhibition of tonics, internally : — 
 at others, the antiphlogistic regimen and emol- 
 lient applications may be necessary. 
 Hospital, Leper, Ladrerie. 
 HOSTIARIUS, Pylorus. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS, see Virginia, mineral wa- 
 rers of. 
 
 HOUBLON, Humulus lupulus. 
 HOUGH, Poples. 
 
 HOUNDS' TONGUE, Cynoglossum. 
 HOUPPE NERVEUSE, see Papilla — i^.. du 
 Menton, Depressor labii inferioris. Levator lahii 
 inferioris. 
 
 HOURGLASS CONTRACTION OP THE 
 UTERUS, see Chaton. 
 
 HOUSELEEK, Sempervivum teetorum — h. 
 Small, Sedum. 
 
 HOUSEMAID'S KNEE, see Knee, house- 
 maid's. 
 
 HOUSE-PUPIL, see House-Surgeon. 
 HOUSE-SURGEON, Resident Surgeon. Usu- 
 ally a senior house-pupU or graduate, who attends 
 in an hospital, to every accident and disease, in 
 the absence of the attending physician or sur- 
 geon.^ It answers, in the British hospitals, to 
 the Eleve interne or Interne of the French. The 
 Elive externe or Externe is a less advanced pu- 
 pil ; from whom ^/jifernes are chosen. In ordi- 
 dinary school,?, Eleve externe means a day-scho- 
 lar : whilst EUve interne means a boarder. • 
 
 HOTJX, Hex aquifolium — %. Petit, Ruscus — 
 7s. ApalncMne, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 liUACACACHU, Datura sanguinea. 
 
 HUACO, Guaco. 
 
 HUANU, Guano. 
 
 HUCKLEBERRIES, see Gaylussacia, ami 
 Vaccinium. 
 
 HUCKLEBONE, Isehion. 
 
 HUDSON'S PRESERVATIVE FOR THE 
 TEETH AND GUMS, see Tinotura Myrrhte. 
 
 HUILE, Oil — h. d' Absinthe, Artemisia absin- 
 thium (oil of) — h. d' Acajou, see Anacardium 
 occidentale. 
 
 EVILE ACOVSTIQVE (F.), Olevm acns'ti- 
 cnm, Acoustic oil. An oil for deafness, prepared 
 of olive oil, §ij ; garlic, ox-gall, and hay leaves, 
 each ^j ; boiled for a quarter of an hour, and 
 strained. 
 
 HUILE D'AIIANDES, Oleum amygdalarum 
 
 — h. d'Aneth, see Anethum graveolcns — 7/.. Ani- 
 mate, Oleum animale — h. Animale de Ui'jipel, 
 Oleum animale Dippelii — h. Animalisee par in- 
 fusion, Oleum animalizatum per infusionem — h. 
 d'Anis, see Pimpinella anisum — h. Aromatiqne, 
 Oleum animalizatum per infusionem — h, d'Au- 
 rone, Artemisia abrotanum (oil of) — h. de Cacao, 
 Butter of cacao — h. de Cade, see Juniperus oxy- 
 cedrus — h. de Carvi, Carum (oil) — Ti. de Cedrat, 
 Oleum cedrinum — h. de petits Chiens, Oleum 
 animalizatum per infusionem — 7i. de Come de 
 Cerf, Oleum animale Dippelii — Ji. de Foie de Mo- 
 rue, Oleum Jecoris aselli — h. de Gahian, Petro- 
 Iseum — h. de Gerofle, see Eugenia caryophyllata 
 
 — h. de Laurier, Unguentum laurinuui — Ti. de 
 Lin, see Linum usitatissimum — h. de Lis, see 
 Lilium candidum — h. de Morelle, see Solanum — 
 h. de Morue, Oleum jecinoris aselli — 7i. de Koix, 
 see Juglans cinerea — h. d'CEillette, Papaver 
 (oil) — h. de Ricin, see Ricinus communis — h. de 
 Succin, see Succinum — li. Verte, Balsam, green, 
 of Metz — Ji. de Vin douce. Oleum a3thereum. 
 
 HUILES ANIMALES, Olea auimalia — A 
 Emp)yreumatiqiies, Olea empyreumatica — li. Es- 
 sentielles, Olea volatilia — h. Fixes ou Grasses 
 Olea fixa — h. Fugaees, Olea fugacia — A. Medi 
 cinales, Olea medicinalia — h. Volatiles, Olea vo 
 latilia. 
 
 HUIT BE CEIFFRE. Figure of 8. A Van. 
 dage in which the turns are crossed in the iorry 
 of the figure 8. Such is the bandage used ai^t,' 
 bleeding from the arm. 
 
 HUITO, Genipa oblongifolia. 
 
 IIUITRE, Ostrea. 
 
 HUM, VENOUS, Bruit de dialU, 
 
 HUMBLE, Rectus inferior ocnli. 
 
 HUMECTAN'TIA. A name fume/ir giirtw 
 to drinks, which appeared to pos^ictj t^e ^r'^jcr'^^ 
 of augmenting the fluidvty of ths b'.oo J. 
 
 HU'MERAL, HumeraUd. That which belongs 
 to, or is connected witt, cLj arm or humerus. 
 
 Hu'meral Ar'tery, Arte'ria humera'lis, see 
 Brachial artery. 
 
 HUMERO-CUBITAL, Brachialis anterior — 
 7i. Sus-metacarpien, see Radialis — h. Sus-radial, 
 Supinator radii longus. 
 
 ^HU'MERUS, Sca'pula, Omos, A^mvSj (-F.) 
 Epaule. The most elevated part of Sbe arm. 
 The bones, which concur in forming it, are : — • 
 the scapula, head of the humerus, and the clavi- 
 cle, united together by strong ligaments, and co- 
 vered by numerous muscles. 
 
 Hc'mertjs, Os ku'mei-i, Os hrn'cTiii, Os adj'u- 
 to'rium., Os brachia'le, Bra'chiuni, Lacer'tus, is 
 the cylindrical, irregular bone (jf the arm ; tho 
 upperextremityof which has a hemispherical head 
 connected with the scai^ula; and two ivherosinei> 
 or tubercles, a greater and lesiet, for the attach- 
 
EU3IEUR 
 
 446 
 
 HYALOID 
 
 ment of muscles, between whicli is the Brcip'ital 
 uroove or Fossa. At the inferior extremity may 
 be remarked — the inner condyle, the outer con- 
 fJj/le; the small head, which is articulated with 
 the radius : the trochlea articulated with the ulna, 
 <fec. The humerus is developed by seven points 
 of ossification : — one for the body ; one for the 
 head; one for the greater tuberosity ; one for the 
 trochlea; one for the epitrochlea; one for the epi- 
 <!ondyle; and another for the lesser head. 
 
 Humerus Summus, Acromion. 
 
 HUMEUR AQUEUSE, Aqueous humour — 
 li. Crystalline, Crystalline — h. Hyalo'ide, Corpus 
 vitreum. 
 
 HUMEURS FROIDES, Scrofula. 
 
 BUM IDE RAD fC ALE, Humidum radicale. 
 
 HUMIDUxM XATIVUM, H. radicale— h. Na- 
 livum Articulorum, Synovia — h. Primigenium, 
 H. radicale. 
 
 Hu'midum Radica'le, JTu'midnm primi'ge'ninm 
 ECU Nati'vnm seu Semina'le, Radical Moisture, 
 (F.) Humide radicale. Names formerly given to 
 the liquid which was conceived to give flexibility 
 and proper consistence to the different organic 
 textures. < 
 
 Humidum Seminale, H. radicale. 
 
 HUMILIS, Rectus inferior oeuli. 
 
 HUMILDS, Humulus lupulus. 
 
 HUMOR, Humour — h. Albugineous, Aqueous 
 humour — h. Articularis, Synovia — h. Ceruminous, 
 Cerumen — h. Doridis, Water, sea — h. Genitalis, 
 Sperm — h. Glacialis, Crystalline, Corpus vitreum 
 — h. H3'alinus seu Hyaloides, Corpus vitreum — 
 h. Lacteus, Milk — h. Lachrjmalis, Tear — h. Me- 
 laneholicus, see Mercurialis — h. Mercurialis, see 
 Mercurialis — h. Morgagnianus, Morgagni, humor 
 of — h. Ovatus, Aqueous humour — h. Oviformis, 
 Aqueous humour — h. Pericardii, see Pericardium 
 — h. Purulentus, Pus — h. Seminalis, Sperm — h. 
 Venerens, Sperm — h. Vitreus, Corpus vitreum. 
 
 HU'MOPiAL, Humora'lis, from hnmere, 'to 
 moisten.' Proceeding from, or connected with, 
 the humours. 
 
 HU'MORISM, Hu'moral PatTioVogy, PatTio- 
 log"ia humera'lis. A medical theory, founded 
 exclusively on the parts which the humours were 
 considered to play in the production of disease. 
 Although traces of this system may be found in 
 the most remote antiquity, the creation, or, at all 
 events, the arrangement of it may be attributed 
 to Galen, who enveloped it in metaphysical sub- 
 tleties relating to the union between the elements 
 and the four cardinal humours. 
 
 HU'MORISTS. The Galenical physicians, who 
 attributed all diseases to the depraved state of the 
 humours, or to vicious juices collected in the body. 
 
 HUMOCJR, Humor, Hyr/ra'aia, Hygre'don, 
 Hygriim. Every fluid substance of an organized 
 body ; — as the blood, chyle, lymph, &c. The 
 Humours, ;\;t);/oi, Chynii, Humo'res, differ consi- 
 derably as to number and quality in the different 
 species of organized beings ; and even in the 
 game species, according to the state of health or 
 disease. The ancients reduced them to four ; 
 which they called car'dinal humours : — the blood, 
 j)hlegm, yellow bile, and atrabilis or black bile. 
 A modern classification of the humours is given 
 under Fluid. 
 
 HUMP. Perhaps from umbo, ' the boss of a 
 buckler.' Hunch, Gibber, Gibbns, Gibba, Tuber, 
 (F.) Bosse. A prominence, formed by a devia- 
 tion of the hones of the trunk. Commonly, it is 
 formed by the spine or sternum, and is seated at 
 the posterior or anterior part of the trunk. It 
 may, also, be produced by deviation of the ribs 
 or pelvis. The spine may be curved in three 
 princip.al directions. 1. Backwards, the most 
 c<immon case; this the ancients called kvijiuiqls, 
 
 Cypho'sis, Giblos'itas. 2. Foricards, Xopiuxrti, Lor- 
 do'sis, Recurva' tio ; and, 3. Laterally, (r/coXtuxrif, 
 ticolio'sis, Obstipa'tio. Most curvatures occur at 
 a very early age, and are caused by scrofula, 
 rickets, &c. ; and, not unfrequently, they are 
 accompanied by caries of the vertebrae. See Ver- 
 tebral disease. 
 
 HU'MULUS LU'PULUS, Lu'pxdus, L. scan- 
 dens seu commu'nis seu salicta'rius, Hnniulus, Con- 
 vol'vulus peren'nis, the Hop-plant. Nat. Ord. Ur- 
 ticeffi. (F.) Honblon, Viyne du nord. Its cones 
 or strobiles, Hu'muli strob'ili (Ph. L.), Humulus 
 (Ph. U. S.), have a fragrant odour; and a bitter, 
 aromatic taste, depending on a peculiar principle, 
 named Lu'pnlin, extractive and essential oil, 
 which may be extracted, equally, by water and 
 spirit, from the dried strobiles. The hop is em- 
 ployed as a tonic and hypnotic, and enters into 
 the composition of ale and beer. 
 
 The IIop pillow, Pulvi'nar Hu'muli, has long 
 been used for producing sleep. 
 
 HUNCH, Hump. 
 
 HUNGARICA FERRIS, Fever, Hungary. 
 
 HUNGER, Anglo-Saxon, hunger. Fames, Li- 
 mos. Peine, Peina, Esu'ries, Jeju'nium, Jeju'iiitas, 
 Esurit"io, Eiuri'fjo, (F.) Faiin. The necessity 
 for taking food. Hunger is an internal sensation, 
 which some authors have attributed to the fric- 
 tion between the sides of the stomach in its 
 empty state ; others, to the compression of the 
 nerves, when the organ is contracted ; others, to 
 the action of the gastric juice, &c. It is dictated 
 by the wants of the system: — farther we know 
 not. See Appetite. 
 
 HUNGER-CURE, Limotherapeia. 
 
 HUNGPtY, Famel'icus, Li'micus, Limo'dea ; 
 same etymon. Affected with hunger. 
 
 HURA RRASILIEN'SIS, Assacon, Assncii, 
 Ussacii. A Brazilian tree, of the Family Euphor- 
 biacea3, which, in the form of the extract of the 
 bark, is esteemed a specific in leprosy. It is, 
 also, given in elephantiasis, and as an anthel- 
 mintic. 
 
 HYACINTH, WILD, Seilla esculenta. 
 
 HYACINTHUS MUSCARI, Bulbus Tomi- 
 torius. 
 
 HY^NAN'CHE GLOBO'SA. An arborescent 
 shrub of South Africa, A^at. Ord. Euphorbiaceae, 
 the fruit of which, pounded, is used to destroy 
 hyasnas and other beasts of prey, and seems to 
 contain strvchnia. 
 
 HYALEUS, Hyaline. 
 
 HY'ALINE, Hyali'nns, Hyale'ue, Vit'reus^ 
 Vit'reous. Glassy. Resembling glass. 
 
 Hyaline Substance, Cytoblastema. 
 
 HYALI'TIS, In/tamma'tio tu'nicce hyalo'idecE, 
 from hyaloid, and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane of the eye. 
 
 HY'ALOID, Hyalo' des, HyaloV des, from 'vaXo^, 
 'glass,' and nioi, 'resemblance.' Vitriform; re- 
 sembling glass. 
 
 Hyaloid Canal, see Hyaloid membrane. 
 
 Hyaloid Fossa, Fossa Hyalo'idea, is a cup- 
 like excavation in the vitreous humour, in which 
 the crystalline is imbedded. 
 
 Hy'aloid Membrane, Tu'nica Hynloiden,Mem- 
 bra'na Arachnoi'dea, T. vit'rca, is the extremely 
 delicate membrane, which forms the exterior co- 
 vering of the vitreous humour, and trnnsmits 
 within it prolongations, which divide it into cells. 
 Fallopius discovered this membrane, and pave it 
 the name Hyaloid. On a level with the entrance 
 of the optic nerve into the eye, the hyiiloid 
 membrane has been described as forming, by re- 
 flection, a cylindrical canal, which ]iierccs the 
 vitreous humour from behind to before, ns far as 
 the pnnterior part of the crystalline. See Cnual, 
 liyaloid 
 
HYALONIXIS 
 
 447 
 
 HTDRARGYKI 
 
 HYALONIXIS, see Cateract. 
 
 HYALONYXIS, see Cataract. 
 
 HYALOS, Vitriim. 
 
 HYANCHE, Cynanclie tonsillaris. 
 
 HYBOMA, Gibbositas. 
 
 HYBRID, (F.) Hijhride, from the Greek, 'v(ipi?, 
 'v0piSos, ' mongrel.' A being born of two differ- 
 ent species, — as the mule. The term is applied 
 to plants as well as to animals. The result is 
 termed Rijhridity. Hybrid is often, also, used to 
 designate words which are formed from two dif- 
 ferent languages, — as uter-iVts, for inflammation 
 of the uterus, in place of metritis. 
 
 HYBRIDITY, see Hybrid. 
 
 HYDARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 HYDARTHRUS, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 HY'DATID, Hy'datis, Bulla, Aqu'ula, Hij- 
 dro'a, Hydrocys'tis, Hygrocys'tis, Taenia liyda- 
 tig"ena, Echinocoo'eushuma'miSjixoTa 't^cup, 'wa- 
 ter.' This name was long given to every en- 
 cysted tumour which contained an aqueous and 
 transparent fluid. Many pathologists, subse- 
 quently, applied it to vesicles, softer than the 
 tissue of membranes, more or less transparent, 
 which are developed within organs, but without 
 adhering to their tissue. It is by no means clear 
 that these formations are really entozoa. They 
 have been found in various parts of the body; 
 sometimes in the uterus, occasioning signs nearly 
 similar to those of pregnancy, but being sooner 
 or later expelled. The expulsion is generally at- 
 tended with more or less hemorrhage. See Ace- 
 phalocystis. 
 
 Hydatis, Aqu'ida, PJdyctce'nula, Yerrii'ca Pal- 
 jjehra'rum, ililitim, also, meant a small, transpa- 
 rent tumour of the eyelids. — Galen, C. Hoffmann. 
 
 HYDATIDES CERVICIS UTERI, Nabothi 
 glandulse. 
 
 HYDATIDOCE'LB, Hydatoee'le, from 'v&ariq, 
 'hydatid,' and Kri\-n, 'a tumour.' Oscheocele 
 containing hydatids ; the Oscheoee'le Jiydatido'sa, 
 Ifydatidoscheoce'le of Sauvagcs. 
 
 HYDATIDOIDES, Hydatoid. 
 
 HYDATIDO'MA, from 'vSart;, 'hydatid.' A 
 tumour caused by hydatids. 
 
 HYDATIDOSCHEOCELB, Hydatidocele. 
 
 HYDATINUS, Hydatoid. 
 
 HYDATIS FINNA, Cysticereus cellulosje. 
 
 HYDATIS'MUS, from 'v6uip, 'water.' The 
 noise caused by the fluctuation of pus contained 
 in an abscess. — Aurelian, Foesius. 
 
 HYDATOCELE Hydatidocele, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDATOCH'OLOS, from 'vSwp, 'water,' and 
 j^oXi?, ' bile.' Aquoso-bilious. An epithet given 
 to evacuated matters when mixed with water and 
 bile. — Hippocrates, Foesius. 
 
 HYDATODES, Aqueous. 
 
 HY'DATOID, HydatoVdes, A'queom, Aqvo'- 
 BUS, Hydnto'des, Ilydat'inus, Hydatido'des, Hy- 
 datido'i'des, from 'u5a)p, 'water,' and ti^os, 're- 
 semblance.' "Watery. Resembling water. This 
 name has been given to the membrane of the 
 aqueous humour ; and, also, to the aqueous hu- 
 mour itself. Vinum hydato'des ; wine and water. 
 
 HYDATONCUS, Anasarca, (Edema. 
 
 HYDATOPO'SIA, from 'v6(,>p, 'water,' and 
 voaig, 'drinking. Water-drinking; — hence 
 
 HYDATOP'OTES. A water-drinker, 
 
 HYDERICITS, Hydropic. 
 
 HYDERODES, Hydropic. 
 
 HYDERONCUS, Anasarca, (Edema. 
 
 HYDEROS, Anasarca, Hydrops. 
 
 IIYDOR, 't)(5(i)f), and Hydas, 'vSas, 'genitive,' 
 'viarog, ' water.' Hence : 
 
 HYDRACHNIS, see Varicella. 
 
 H YD R ADEN, Conglobate gland. 
 
 llYBn ADIl'Nl"IlS,Tnflainma'tio(/landula'ntm 
 lymphatica'rnm, from Hydraden, 'a lymphatic 
 gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of a lymphatic gland. 
 
 HYDR^'DUS, from 'viup, 'water,' and awoia, 
 'genital organs.' (Edema of the female organs. 
 
 HYDRiEMIA, Hydrosemia. 
 
 HYDRAGOGA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HYDRAGOGIA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HYDRAGOGICA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HY'DRAGOGUES, Hydraf/o'ga. Hydrago'gia, 
 Hydrngo'gica, Jlydrop'ica, Hydrot' ica, Aqnidii'- 
 cn, from 'v6wp, ' water,' and ayui, ' I expel.' Me- 
 dicines believed to be capable of expelling serum 
 efiused into any pai't of the body. These are 
 generally cathartics or diuretics. 
 
 HYDRAGOGUM BOYLEI, Argenti nitras. 
 
 HYDRALLANTE, False Waters. 
 
 IIYDRALM^, Waters, mineral (saline). 
 
 HYDRAM'NIOS, from 'u^wp, 'water,' and 
 'amnios.' An excessive quantity of the liquor 
 amnii. 
 
 HYDRAN'GEA ARBORES'CENS, Wild By. 
 dran'gea, Bissurn. An indigenous plant, which 
 flowers in July. The leaves are said to be tonic, 
 sialagogue, cathartic, and diuretic. 
 
 HYDRANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 HYDRANGIA, Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 HYDRANGIOGRAPHIA, Angeiohydrogra- 
 phy. 
 
 HYDRANGIOTOMIA, Angeiohydrotomy. 
 
 HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS, Hydrargyren- 
 trip'sia, from 'vhpapyvpog, 'quicksilver,' and ava- 
 roixiif, 'rubbing in.' The rubbing in of a prepa- 
 ration of quicksilver : — Hydrargyrotrip'sis. 
 
 HYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS, Hydrargyrana- 
 tripsis. 
 
 HYDRARGYRI ACETAS, Hydrargyrus ace- 
 tatus — h. Biehloridum, H. oxymurias — h. Bicya- 
 nidum, H. cyanuretum — h. Biniodidum, H. iodi- 
 dum rubrum^h. Binoxydum, H. oxydum rubrum 
 — h. Bisulphuretum, H. sulphuretum rubrum — h. 
 Borussias, H. cyanuretum — h. Bromidum, see 
 Bromine — h. Calx alba, Hydrargyrum prfccipi- 
 tatum — h. Chloridum, H. submurias — h. Chlori- 
 dum corrosivum, H. Oxymurias — h. Chloridum 
 mite, H. submurias. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Ctanure'tttm, H. Borvs'sias, H. 
 Bicyan'idum, Hydrar'gyruni Cyanogena'tiim, H. 
 Hydrocyan'icum, Prussias Hydrar'gyri, Cyan'u- 
 ret or Pruseiate of Mercury, (F.) Cyanure de Mer- 
 cure. (Ferri Ferro-cyanuret.^iY ; Hydrarg.oxid. 
 rubr. §iij, vel q. s. ; Aquce destillat. Oiij. Put 
 the ferro-cyanuret and three ounces of the oxide 
 of mercury, previously powdered and thoroughly 
 mixed together, into a glass vessel, and pour on 
 two pints of the distilled water. Boil the mix- 
 ture, stirring constantly; and if, at the end of 
 half an hour, the blue color remains, add small 
 portions of the oxide of mercury, continuing the 
 ebullition until the mixture becomes of a yellow- 
 ish colour; then filter through paper. Wash the 
 residue in a pint of the distilled water, and filter. 
 Mix the solution and evaporate till a pellicle ap- 
 pears, and set the liquor aside, that crystals may 
 foi-m. To purify the crystals, subject it to re- 
 solution, evaporation, and crystallization. — Ph. 
 U. S.) This preparation has been strongly re- 
 commended as a powerful antisyphilitic, and is 
 admitted into the Parisian codex. Twelve to 
 twenty-four grains may be dissolved in a quart 
 of distilled water, and three or four spoonfuls of 
 the solution be taken daily, in a glass of any ap- 
 propriate liquid. 
 
 Hydrargtri Deuto-iodidum, H. lodidum ru- 
 brum. 
 
HYDRARGYRI 
 
 44S 
 
 HTDRARGYRT 
 
 Htdtiakgyri Deuto-ioduretu.u, see Iodine — 
 b. Ilyperosodes, Ilydrargj'i'i nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 IIvDRARGyRi Iod'ibum, H. Protoiod' idum seu 
 Proto-iodure'tum scu Suhiod' idum, Hydror'ciy- 
 rum loda'tam flavum, lod'idum seu lodure'tum 
 }tydrar<jijro 'sum, Hydrar 'gyrum iodidula 'turn, 
 Proto'iodare'tum incrcu'rii, I'odide or Proti'odide 
 of Mercury, (P.) Protiodure de 3Iercure, {Hy- 
 drarg. ^j, lodin. ^v. Alcohol q. s. Rub tlie mer- 
 cury and iodine together, adding suifieieut alco- 
 hol to form a soft paste, and continue the tritura- 
 tion till the globules disa23pear. Dry the iodide 
 in the dark, with a gentle heat, and keepi it in a 
 well-stopped bottle, the light excluded. — Ph. U. 
 S.) Eor properties and doses, see Iodine. 
 
 Hydiiargvri, Iodiduji Chloridi, Mercury, 
 iodide of chloride of. 
 
 HyDRARGYRI lODIDTJir RUBRUM, H. Biniod'- 
 idura seu Deuto-iod'idum seu Deuto-iodure'tum 
 seu Period' idum, Hydrarg'yrum ioda'tum rubrum 
 seu Biioda'tum seu Perioda'tum, lode'tmn seu 
 lod'idum JTydrargyr'icum, Deuto-iodure' turn mer- 
 cu'rii, Red Podide, Bini'odide, Bcuti' odide and 
 Peri'odide of Mercury, (F.) Deutiodure ou Peri- 
 odure de Mercure. [Hydrarg. corros. chlorid. gj, 
 Potasaii lodid. ^x, AqitcB destillat. Oij. Dissolve 
 the chloride in a pint and a half, and the iodide 
 of potassium in half a pint of distilled water, and 
 mix the solutions. Collect the precipitate on a 
 filter, and, having washed it with distilled water, 
 dry it with a moderate heat, and keep it in a 
 well-stopped bottle. — Ph. U. S.) For properties 
 and doses, see Iodine. 
 
 Hydrargyri Mdrias basi Oxydi imperpecti, 
 n. oxymurias — h. Murias corrosivum, II. oxj'mu- 
 rias — h. Murias dulcis sublimatus, H. submurias 
 — h. Oxygenatus, H. Oxymurias — h. Murias spi- 
 rituosus liquidus, Liquor hydrargyri oxymui-iatis 
 — h. Murias subosygenatus prEecipdtatione para- 
 t»s, Hydrargyrum preeipitatum. 
 
 Hydrargyri K'itras, Nitras Hydrar'gyri in 
 crystallos concre'tua, Nitrate of M.ercury. It is 
 employed in syphilis ; and, externally, in fun- 
 gous, obstinate ulcers. 
 
 It is used in the formation of the Soluble Ifer- 
 eury of Hahnemann. 
 
 An acid nitrate of mercury, Liquor Hydrar'- 
 gyri sunernitra'tis, Solution of supernitrate of 
 mercury, Solution of supernitrate of deutoxide of 
 mercury, made by dissolving four parts oi 7nercury 
 in eight of nitric acid, and evaporating the solu- 
 tion to nine parts, has been used as a caustic in 
 malignant ulcerations and cancerous aflections. 
 
 Ward's White Drops, — a once celebrated anti- 
 scorbutic nostrum, — were prepared by dissolving 
 mercury in nitric acid, and adding a solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia ; or, frequently, they con- 
 sisted of a solution of sublimate with carbonate of 
 ammonia. 
 
 Hydrargyri Ni'trico-oxydum, Hydrargyrus 
 nitra'tus ruber, Mercu'riiis corrosi'vus ruber, Mer- 
 curius prcBcipiita'tus corrosi'vus, M. pracipita'tus 
 ruber, Arca'num coralli'num, Mercurius coralli'- 
 nus, Pul'vis prin'cip)i3, PrcBcipita'tus ruber, Ox'- 
 ydum hydrar'gyri comple'tum, 0. hydra rgyr'icum, 
 Panace'a mercu'rii rubra, Pulvis Joan'nis de 
 Vigo, Oxo'des hydrargyri rubrum, Hyperoxo' den 
 hydrargyri, Ox'ydumhydrar'gyri nit'ricum, Oxy- 
 dumhydrargyri rubrum per ac"idnmnil'ricv m, Hy- 
 drar'gyri oxydum rubrum, (Ph. U. S.) Nitric ox- 
 ide of mercury, died preci2yitatc, (F.) Oxide ni- 
 triaue de mercure. (Hydrarg. ^xxxvy, Acid, ni- 
 tric, f^xviij; AqucB Oij. Dissolve the mercury 
 tvith a gentle heat, in the acid and water pre- 
 viously mixed, and evaporate to dryness. Rub 
 into ])owder, and heat in a very shallow vessel 
 till rod vapours cease to rise. — Ph. U. S.) It is 
 a stimulant and escharotic, and used as such in I 
 
 foul ulcers, being sprinkled on the part in fine 
 pjowder, or united with lard into an ointment. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxodes Rubrum, Hydrargyri 
 nitrico-cxj'dum — h. Oxydi murias ammoniaeali?. 
 Hydrargyrum preecipitatum — h. Oxydulum ni- 
 grum, H. Oxydum cinereum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum Cine'retjm, Oxydum 
 hydrargyri nigrum, JEthiopa per se, Mercu'rius 
 niger Mosca'ti, Oxydum, hydrargyro' sum, Oxydum 
 hydrargyr'icum pjr(jBcip)ita'ttmi, Oxyd'uhim hy- 
 drar'gyri nigrum, Ptdvia mercuria'lis cine'reus, 
 3fercurius cine'reus, Turpe'thum nigrum, Mercu- 
 rius prcBcipita'tus niger. Gray or Black oxide of 
 Mercury, (F.) Oxide de mercure ceiidre, O.vide 
 gris ou noir de mercure. Protoxide de mercure. 
 This oxide is made in various ways. It ma.y be 
 formed by boiling submuriate of mercury in lime 
 water. The dose of this Pulvis Hydrargyri cine- 
 reua is from two to ten grains. There are four 
 other preparations of it in estimation, viz : — 
 Plench's solution, made hy ruhbing mercury with 
 mucilage. 2. By rubbing equal parts of sugar 
 and mercury together. 3. A compound of honey 
 or liquorice and purified mercury. 4. The blue 
 pill and ointment. All these possess the usual 
 properties of mercury. 
 
 The Hydrargyri Oxidum Nigrum of the Ph. U. 
 S. is made as follows : — Hydrarg. Chlorid. mit., 
 PofasacB, aa qIV, AqucB Oj. Dissolve the potassa 
 in the water, allow the dregs to subside, and pour 
 off the clear solution. To this add the chloride, 
 and stir constantly till the black oxide is formed. 
 Pour off the supernatant licjuor, wash the black 
 oxide with distilled water, and dry with a gentle 
 heat.. 
 
 The Merciiriua solu'bilis of Hahnemann is 
 formed from a black oxide of mercury. It is the 
 Mercurius solu'bilis Hahneman'ni seu oxydum hy- 
 drargyri nigri median'te ammo'nid ex pii'otoni- 
 tra'te hydrar'gyri pircBci pita' turn. It is used in 
 the same cases as the Hydrargyri oxydum cine- 
 reum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum Nigrum, H. oxydum 
 cinereum — h. Oxydum nigrum mediante ammo- 
 nia et protonitrate hydrargyri prascipitatum, see 
 H. oxydum cinereum — h. Oxydum nitricum, Hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum, H. Binox'y- 
 dum, Merciiriua calcina.'tus, Hydrar'gyrtia calci- 
 natus, (F.) Oxide de Mercure rouge, Red oxide 
 of mcr'cury. (Made by precipitation from a so- 
 lution of bichloride of mercury by solution of 
 potassa.) See Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 It is stimulant and escharotic; and, in large 
 doses, emetic. Owing to the violence of its ope- 
 ration, it is seldom given internally. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum per Aciduji 
 Nitricum, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — h. Oxy, 
 dura saccharatum, Hydrargarrum saccharatum^ 
 h. Oxydum sulphuricum, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus. 
 
 Hydrargyri Osymu'rias, H. Chlo'ridum Cor- 
 rosi'vum, (Ph. U. S.) H. Bichlo'ridum, Hydrar'- 
 gyrus mnria'tus, Mu'rias hydrargyri corrosi'vus, 
 Murias hydrargyri oxygena'tiw, Sublima'tus cor- 
 rosivus,- Mercurius corrosivua, Mercurius corrosi- 
 vus sublima'tus, Hydrargyri permu'riaa. Super- 
 mu'rias hydrargyri, Murias hydrargyri basi ox- 
 ydi imperfec'ti, Murias hydrargyri corrosivum, 
 (F.) Heutochlorure de mercure, Bichloride de mer- 
 cure, Jifuriate oxygene de mercure, Sublim^ corro- 
 sif ; Bichlo'ride of mercury, Oxymuriate of mer- 
 cury. Corrosive sublimate, Corrosive muriate of 
 mercury. (Hydrarg. Ibij, Acid. Suljfhur. ftiij, 
 Sodii Chlorid. Ibiss. Boil the mercury with the 
 sulphuric acid until the sulphate of mercury 13 
 left dry. Rub this, when cold, with the chlorido 
 of sodium, in an earthenware mortar; then sub- 
 lime with a gradually increasing heat. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
HTDRAEGTRI 
 
 449 
 
 HYDRARGYRUM 
 
 It is used as an antisyphilitic stimulant in vene- 
 real complaints, old cutaneous aflfections, &c. 
 Gr. iij to Oj of water is a good gargle in venereal 
 sore-throats, or an injection in gonorrhoea. Ex- 
 ternally, it is applied in cases of tetter, and to 
 destroy fungus, or stimulate old ulcers. Dose, 
 gr. 1-16 to gr. 1-8, in pill, once in twenty-four 
 hours. "White of egg is the best antidote to it, 
 when taken in an overdose. 
 
 Hydrar'Jyri PERiODiDTjjr, H. lodidum rubrum 
 — h. Permurias, Hydrargyri oxymurias — h. Pro- 
 to-iodidum, H. lodidum — h. Proto-ioduretum, H. 
 lodidum — h. Proto-tartras, H. tartras — h. Prus- 
 sias, H. cyanuretum — h. Saccharum vermifugum. 
 Hydrargyrum saccharatum — h. Subchloridum, 
 II. Submurias — h. Subiodidum, H. lodidum. 
 
 Htdrargyri Submu'rias, H. Chlor'idum, H. 
 Subchlor'idum, H. Chlor'idum mite (Ph. U. S.), 
 Caloni'elas, Calom'eli, Hydrar' gyrum muriat'icum 
 mite, C. Torqueti, Draco mitiga'tus, Suhmu'rian 
 hydrargyri mitis, jSabmu'rias Hydrargyri subli- 
 ma'tum, Mercu'rius dulcis, 31. dulcis suhlima'ttis; 
 — when precipitated, If. dulcis jireeipita'tus, — 
 Panace'a3fercuria' lis {whan nine times sublimed), 
 dfiirias hydrargyri dulcis sublima'tiis, Mercurius 
 stiblimatus dulcis, Mercu'rius Zo'ticus Hartmanni, 
 Aq'uila, Manila Metallo'rimi, Panchymago'gum 
 miuera'le, P. Querccta'nus, mild Chloride, proto- 
 chloride, submuriate, svhchloride, or mild Muriate 
 of Ifercury, Oal'omel, (F.) 3Iercure donx, Proto- 
 vfilorure de mercure. Mild chloride of mercury 
 is thus directed to be prepared in the Pharmaco- 
 peia of the United States: — Mercury, Ibiv; Sul- 
 phuric Acid, lb iij ; Chloride of Sodium, tbiss; 
 Distilled water, a sufficient quantitj\ Boil two 
 pounds of the mercury with the sulphuric acid, 
 until the sulphate of mercury is left dry. Rub 
 this, when cold, with the remainder of the mer- 
 cury, in an earthenware mortar, until they are 
 thoroughly mixed. Then add the chloride of 
 sodium, and rub it with the other ingredients till 
 all the globules disappear: afterwards sublime. 
 Pteduce the sublimed matter to a very fine pow- 
 der, and wash it frequently with boiling distilled 
 water, till the washings afford no precipitate upon 
 the addition of liquid ammonia ; then dry it. 
 Properties. Antisyphilitic and sialagogue : in 
 large doses, purgative. Dose : — one or two grains 
 given at night gradually excite ptyalism. Gr. v 
 to XX, purge. Children bear larger doses than 
 adults. 
 
 The Black Wash, Lo'tio Hydrar'gyri nigra, 
 is formed of calomel, Jij ; Lime-water, Oj. Used 
 for syphilitic sores. 
 
 Hydrargyri Submurias AjiMONiATUir, Hy- 
 drargyrum prajcipitatum — h. Subsulphas flavus, 
 Ilydrargyrus vitriolatus — h. Subsulphas peroxi- 
 dati, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — h. Sulphas, Hy- 
 drargyrus vitriolatus, H. S. flavus, Hydrargyrus 
 vitriolfitus. 
 
 H's T RARGYRi Sulphure'tum Nigrum, H. eul- 
 phurr'.'tum cum sul'phnre, Hydrargyrus vel mer- 
 curius cum sul'phure, ^thiops minera'lis, Hy- 
 drargyrus e sid'phure, Pidvis hypnot'icus, jEthiops 
 vnrcot'icus, (F.) Sulfure de mercure noir, Black 
 sulphuret of mercury, Sulphuret of mercury with 
 sulphur, Ethiops mineral. (Hydrarg., Sulphur, 
 yU ft'j. Rub together till the globules disappear.) 
 U.-ied chiefly in scrofulous and cutaneous affec- 
 tions. Dose, gr. x to ^ss. 
 
 Hydrargyri Sulphure'tum Rubrum, H. Bi- 
 tulpJinretuin, Hydrargyrus sulphura'tus ruber, 
 Min'ium purum, Minium Grmco'rum, Magnes Epi- 
 lep'sim, Ammion, Purpuris'sum, Cinnab'aris, 3Ier- 
 eurius Cinnabari'nus, Cinab'aris, Cinaba'rium, 
 Biaulphuret or Red Sulphuret of Mercury, Cin'- 
 nabar, Vermil'ion, (F.) Sulphure deMercure rouge, 
 Ginabre. [Hydrarg. "^xX; Sulphur, "xy'nj. Mix 
 29 
 
 the mercury with the sulphur melted over tlie 
 fire ; and as soon as the mass begins to swell re- 
 move the vessel from the fire, and cover it with 
 considerable force to prevent combustion. Rub 
 the mass into powder and sublime. (Ph. U. S.) 
 
 It is an antisyphilitic, but is chiefly used in 
 fumigation against venereal ulcers of the nose, 
 mouth, and throat; — ^ss, being thrown on a red- 
 hot u-on. This preparation is the basis of a nos- 
 trum, called Boerhaave's Bed Pill. 
 
 Hydrargyri Supermurias, H. oxymurias. 
 
 Hydrargyri Tartras, //. Proto-tartras, Tar- 
 trate of mercury. Antisj'philitic. Dose, one or 
 two grains twice a day. 
 
 Hydrargyri et Arsenici Iodidum, Arsenic 
 and Mercury, iodide of. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri et Qui'ni^ Proto-chlo'ridum, 
 Protoehloride of Mercury and Quinia. A com- 
 bination of mild chloride of mercury and quinia, 
 administered in obstinate cutaneous diseases. 
 
 HYDRARGYRIA, Eczema mercuriale. 
 
 HYDRARGYRI'ASIS, Hydrargyro'sis, Mer- 
 curtails' mus, from 'vSpapyvpos, 'mercury.' A 
 disease induced by the use of mercury ; Morbun 
 3Ier curia' lis. Poisoning by mercury. Eczema 
 mercuriale. 
 
 HYDRARGYRICUM, Mercurial. 
 
 HYDRARGYRIUM, Mercurial. 
 
 HYDRARGYROSIS, Eczema mercuriale, Hy- 
 drargyriasis. 
 
 HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS, see Saliva- 
 tion, mercurial, and Stomatitis, mercurial. 
 
 HYDRARGYROTRIPSIS, Hydrargyra- 
 natripsis. 
 
 HYDRAR'GYRUM, Hydrar' gyrus, from 'vh<^?, 
 ' water,' and apyvpos, ' silver ;' Mercu'rius, Argen- 
 tum vivnm, A. mo'bile, A. fusum, A. fugiti'mim, 
 A. liq'uidum, Missadan, Fumus albus, Area arca- 
 no'rum, Dce'dalus, Ifater metallo'rum, Mercury, 
 Quicksilver, (F.) Mercure, 31. cru, Yif Argent. 
 A fluid, brilliant metal ; of a slightly bluish white 
 colour ; fluid above — 39° of Fahr. and under 656°. 
 S. g., when liquid, 13.568 (Cavendish) ; easily 
 oxydized. Metallic quicksilver does not act on 
 the body, even when taken into the stomach. 
 When oxydized and combined with acids, it acta- 
 powerfully. It has been exhibited in cases of 
 constriction of the bowels and in intussusception, 
 from a notion that it must certainly pass througli 
 the bowels by its gravity. The water, in T?hicli 
 mercury has been boiled, has been recommended 
 as a vermifuge; but it probably enjoys no such 
 property, as chemical tests do not exhibit the 
 presence of the metal. AVhen the crude metal is 
 distilled in an iron retort, it forms the Hydrar'- 
 gyrum purifica'tum. 
 
 Hydrargyrum Ammoniato-Muriaticum, H. 
 prseeipitatum — h. Biiodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum 
 rubrum — h. Biiodatum cum kalio iodato, Potassii 
 hydrargyro-iodidum — h. Cyanogenatum, Hydrar- 
 gyri cyanuretum. 
 
 Hydrargyrum cum Greta (Ph. U. S.), Hy- 
 drargyrus cum oretd, 3fercurius alkalisa'tus, 3ter- 
 cury with chalk, (F.) 3Iercure auec la craie, JE'thi- 
 ops nicalisa'tua. (Hydrarg. ^iij ; CretcB prcBjM- 
 rat. §v. Rub them together till the globules 
 disappear. Ph. U. S.) A protoxide of mercury, 
 formed by trituration with sarbonate of lime. It 
 is somewhat uncertain ; and consequently not 
 much employed as x inercurial. It possesses the 
 p^-operties of the black oxide of mercury, and 
 may be advantageously exhibited in cases of 
 diarrhoea in children, dependent upon acidity 
 and vitiated secretions. Dose, gr. v to ^ss, twico 
 a day, in any viscid substance. 
 
 Hydrargyrum cum Magne'sia of the Dublin 
 Pharmacopoeia resembles it in properties 
 
HYDRARGTRUS 
 
 450 
 
 HYDRENTEROMPHALOCELB 
 
 Htdkargyrijm HYDEOCYAmcTJM, Hydrargyri 
 cyanuretum — h. lodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum — 
 h. lodatum cum chlorido Mercurii, Mercury, io- 
 dide of chloride of — h. lodatum flavum, Hydrar- 
 gyri iodidum — h. lodatum rubrum, Hydrargyri 
 iodidum rubrum — h. lodidulatum, Hj'drargyri 
 iodidum — li. Muriaticum Mite, Hydrargyri sub- 
 murias — li. Periodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum ru- 
 brum. 
 
 Hydrargyruji Pr^ecipita'tum, H. ammonia'- 
 tum (Ph. U. S.), Hydrargyrum ammonia' to-muri- 
 at'icum, Hydrar'yyri ammo' nio-cliW ridum, i[er- 
 eurius cosraet'ieus, Ifti'riaa oxidi hydrargyri um- 
 rnoniaea'lis, Suhmu' rias ammoni' aco-Tiydrargyr' - 
 icuB, Calx Hydrargyri alba, Suhmu'rias Hydrar- 
 gyri ammoniatu7n, S. H. Prmci pita' turn, Jlurias 
 hydrargyri suh-oxygena'tusprcBcipitatio'ne jHira'- 
 tus, Prcecipita'tum album, Ammo'nio-chloride of 
 Mercury, White precip'itate of Mercury, White 
 precijyitate, Culcina'tum majus Pote'rii, (F.) Sous- 
 muriate de merciire p)recip)ite ou Precijnte blanc. 
 [Hydrarg. chlorid. corros. ^vy, aquce destillat. 
 cong., Liquor ammonics, f^viij. Dissolve the 
 chloride in the water, with the aid of heat, and 
 to the solution, when cold, add the solution of 
 ammonia, frequently stirring. Wash the preci- 
 pitate till it is tasteless, and dry it — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 A peroxide, combined with muriatic acid and 
 ammonia, forming a triple salt. It is used in 
 powder, to destroy vermin; and, united with 
 lard, for the same purpose, as well as in scabies 
 and some other cutaneous affections. 
 
 Hydrargyrum Sacchara'tum, ^'thiops sac- 
 chara'tus, Jlercu'rius saccharn'tus, Ox'idum hy- 
 drargyri sacchara'tum, Sac'charum hydrargyri 
 vermif'ugum. A mild mercurial formula in seve- 
 ral of the Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe; 
 formed by triturating one jiart of viercury with 
 two of tohite sugar. It is used in the venereal 
 affections of children. 
 
 HYDRARGYRUS, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 HYDRARGYRtfS Aceta'tds, Si^erma mercu'rii. 
 Terra folia' ta mercurii, Mercurius aceta'tus, Hy- 
 drargyri Ace'tas, Acetas vel Proto-ace' tas Hy- 
 drargyri, Ac"etate of mercury. This was the 
 basis of Keyser's pills, and was once much cele- 
 brated in the cure of the venereal disease. The 
 dose is from three to five grains, but it is not 
 much used. 
 
 The formula for Keyser's anti-venereal pills 
 ■was as follows: — Hydrarg. Acet. §iv; Manuce, 
 ^xxx; Amyl. ^ij ; Muc. G. Trag. q. s. into pills 
 of gr. vj each. Dose, two pills. 
 
 Hydrargyrtjs Calcinatos, Hydrargyri oxy- 
 dum rubrum — h. cum Creta, Hydrargyrum cum 
 creta — h. Muriatis, Hj'drargyri oxymurias — h. 
 Nitratus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrieo-oxydum. 
 
 HydRARGYRUS PhOSPHORA'tuS, Phosphuret'ted 
 •mercury. This preparation has been recom- 
 ■Tnended in cases of inveterate venereal ulcers, 
 but is now scarcely used. 
 
 Hydrargyrus Sulphuratus Ruber, Hydrar- 
 gyri sulx>huretura rulirum — h. cum Sulphure, 
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum — h. e Sulphure, 
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum. 
 
 Hydrargyrus Vitriola'tus, Turpe'thum mi- 
 nera'le, Mercurius emet'icus flavus, Calx mercurii 
 vitriola'ta, Mercurius eaus'ticus flavun, jlf. lu'teus, 
 Hydrargyri sulphas, H. S.^flavus (Ph. U. S.), Sub- 
 mdphas Hydrargyri flavus, Oxydum hydrargyri 
 Bulphu'ricum, Subsul'phns hydrargyri pero.xida'ti, 
 Turbith miu'eral, (F.) Sous-sulf<tte de mercure ou 
 turbith mineral. {Hydrarg. §iv; Acid. Sulpli. 
 ^vj. Mix in a glass vessel, and boil in a sand- 
 bath till a dry, white mass remains. Rub this 
 into powder, and throw it into boiling water. 
 Pour off the liquor, and wash the yellow, preci- 
 pitated powder repeatedly with hot water; then 
 
 dry it — Ph. U. S.) Two grains of this mercurial 
 act on the stomach violently. It is sometimes 
 recommended as an errhine in amaurosis. 
 
 HYDRA RTHRON, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 HYDRARTHROS, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 HYDRARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 HYDRAR'THRUS, Hydarfhrus, Hydrar'thrm 
 synovia'lis, Hydrops articido'rum, Hydrarthron-, 
 Hydrar'thros, Melice'ria, Spina vento'sa of Rhazes 
 and Avicenna, Arthri'tis Hydrar'thros, Hydar- 
 throsis, Hydrarthro' sis, Emmyx'ium articula're, 
 Tumor albus. White svjelling ; from 'viiDp, 'water,' 
 and afi&pov, 'a joint.' (F.) Tumeur blanche, T. 
 lymphatique des articulations. The French sur- 
 geons apply the term Hydrarthrus to dropsy of 
 the articulations. White swelling is an extremely 
 formidable disease. It may attack any one of 
 the joints ; but is most commonly met with in 
 the knee, the haunch, the foot, the elbow, and 
 generally occurs in scrofulous children. It con- 
 sists, at times, in tumefaction, and softening of 
 the soft parts and ligaments, which surround the 
 joints; at others, in swelling and caries of the 
 articular extremities of bones ; or both these 
 states may exist at the same time. The treat- 
 ment consists in the employment of counter-irri- 
 tants ; the use of iodine internally and externally, 
 &c. Also, Synovia. 
 
 HYDRASTIS EXPAN'SA, Great freshwater 
 Tortoise. On the sandy banks of rivers in Peru 
 this animal buries its eggs, from which the Indians 
 extract oil. Its flesh supplies well-flavoured food. 
 — Tschudi. 
 
 HYDRASTIS, H. Canadensis. 
 
 Hydras'tis Canaden'sis, Hydrastis, Warnera 
 Canaden'sis, Hydro2ihyU' um verum, Yellow Boot, 
 Orange Root, Yellow Puccoon, Ground Rasp'- 
 herry, Yellow Paint, Golden Seal, Jn'dian Paint, 
 Eyebalm. It is used in Kentucky as a 'mouth 
 water,' and as an outward application in wounds 
 and local inflammations. 
 
 HYDREL^'ON, HydroWum, from 'u^wp, 
 ' water,' and ikaiov, ' oil.' A mixtm-e of wat€r 
 and oil. 
 
 HYDRELYTRON, see Hydrocele, 
 
 HYDREMA, (Edema. 
 
 HYDR EN CEPHALITIS, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALOCE ' Ll, Hydrocephalo- 
 ce'le, from 'vSoip, ' water,' tyKeipaXog, ' the ence- 
 phalon,' and KTi'Xr;, 'rupture, protrusion.' A mon- 
 strosity in which there is a fissure of the cranium, 
 the integument of the head being present, and 
 forming a hernial sac in which the brain lies out- 
 side the skull — -the sac containing a large quan- 
 tity of serous fluid. Also, Hydrocephalus chro- 
 nicus. ' 
 
 IIYDRENCEPHALON, see Hydrocephalus 
 chronicus. 
 
 IIYDRENCEPH'ALOID, from 'v&tap, 'water,' 
 cyKtipakos, 'the brain,' and ti^oy, 'resemblance.' 
 Resembling hydrenceplialus. Hydrenceph' aloid 
 disease, Spu'riot(s hydroccph'alus, Pscudo-ence- 
 phali'tis.. Disorders of the bowels, and exhaus- 
 tion in children, are at times attended with hy- 
 drencephaloid symptoms. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALUS, Hydrocephalus intcr- 
 nus. 
 
 IIYDRENTEROCE'LE, from 'v.io>(,, 'water,' 
 trrtpoi', 'intestine,' and KtiXrj, 'a tumour.' Intes- 
 tinal hernia, the sac of which cnclojics fluid. 
 
 HYDRENTEROMPHALOCE'LE, Hydrente- 
 rom'phidus, from 'v^i^p, 'water,' cvrtpov, 'intes- 
 tine.' ojt<pa\ai, 'umbilicus,' and Kt]\ti, 'rupture.' 
 Umbilical hernia with intestine and water in the 
 
HYDRENTEROMPHALUS 
 
 451 
 
 HYDROCEPHALUS 
 
 HYDRBNTEROMPHALUS, Hydrenterom- 
 
 phalocele. 
 
 HYDREPIGASTRIUM, see Ascites. 
 
 HYDREPIPLOCE'LB, from 'vSo)p, 'water,' 
 mnXoov, 'omentum/ and /cj/Aj?, 'rupture.' Omen- 
 tal hernia, with, water in the sac. 
 
 HYD R E P I P LOM'PHALUS, Hydrepiplom- 
 phaloce'le, from 'vSwp, ' water,' e-m-Xoov, ' omen- 
 tum,' and ofiKpaXos, 'umbilicus.' Umbilical her- 
 nia, with omentum and water in the sac. 
 
 HYDRETRUM, Ascites. 
 
 HYDRIASrS, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDRIATER, see Hydropathic. 
 
 HYD RI ATRIA, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDRIATRICA ARS, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDRIATRICUS, see Hydropathic. 
 
 HYDRIATRUS, see Hydropathic. 
 
 HYDRIODAS KALIGUS, see Potasssa hy- 
 driodas. 
 
 HYDRIODIC ACID, see Acid, hydriodic. 
 
 HYDRO 'A, Hidro'a, Aqu'ula, Boa, Planta 
 noctis, from 'u^wp, 'water.' An affection, which 
 consists in an accumulation of water or serous 
 fluid under the epidermis. Some have used hy- 
 dro'a synonymously with sudamina ; others with 
 pemphigus. In the first case, it has generally, 
 however, been written hidro'a, from 'i6pwf, 
 'sweat,' and in the latter hydro' a. See Hydatid. 
 
 HYDROJi'MIA, .fl'^cZrffi'mia/ from 'vSuip, 'wa- 
 ter,' and 'ai//a, 'blood.' Anaemia. The state of 
 the blood in which the watery constituents are in 
 excess. 
 
 HYDBOAER OPLE URIE, Hydropneumo- 
 thorax. 
 
 HYDROA'RION, HydrodpTi'oron, HydroW- 
 ritim, Hydroova'rium, Hy'drops ova'rii, Asei'tes 
 ovarii, A. sacca'tus, (F.) Hydropisie de Vovaire, 
 from 'v&iap, ' water,' and utapiov, 'ovarium.' Dropsy 
 of the ovarium. 
 
 HYDROATA, Sudamina. 
 
 HYDROBLEPH'ARON, Hy'drops Pal'pehr<B, 
 Blepharoede' ma aquo'sum, GEde'ma palpebra'- 
 rum. An oedema or watery swelling of the eye- 
 lids ; from 'vSwp, 'water," and p\£(papov, 'eyelid.' 
 
 HYDROCARDIA, Hydropericardium, see Pe- 
 ricardium. 
 
 HYDROCATARRHOPHE 'SIS, Hydrocatar- 
 rhoph'ia, from 'u^wp, 'water,' and KaTappo<peiv, 'to 
 fiip up.' Absorption of water from without. 
 
 HYDROCE'LE, Hydrops Scroti, H. testicuh'- 
 rum, Hydroscheoce'le, Hydatoee'le, Hydros'cheum, 
 Hydror'chis, Hydroscheonie, (Alibert,) from 'v6ii)p, 
 'water,' and KrjXrj, 'a tumour.' A term gene- 
 rally applied to a collection of serous fluid in 
 the areolar texture of the scrotum or in some 
 of the coiferings, either of the testicle or sper- 
 matic cord.' To the first of these varieties the 
 names — External Hydrocele, H. oedemato'des, 
 (F.) H. par infiltration have been given; and to 
 the second, those of Hydroce'le inter' na, H. tu'- 
 nicce vagina'lis tes'tis, Hydrel'ytron, (F.) H, par 
 epanchement. When the collection occurs in the 
 envelope of the testicle, it is called H. of the 
 tunica vaginalis,- and the epithet congenital is 
 added, when the interior of the membrane, in 
 which it is situate, still communicates freely with 
 the cavity of the abdomen. When it exists in the 
 spermatic cord, it is called encysted, or diffused 
 Hydrocele of the spyermatic cord, as the case may 
 be. The tumour of the distended scrotum is ob- 
 long : greater below than above ; indolent and 
 semi-transparent. When it becomes inconve- 
 niently large, the fluid may be evacuated by 
 puncturing with a trocar, but, as it collects 
 again, this operation can only be considered 
 palliative. The radical cure consists, usually, in 
 injecting, through the canula of the trocar, which 
 has been left in, after puncturing, some irritating 
 
 liquid, as wine. This is kept in the tunica vagi- 
 nalis for a few minutes, and then withdrawn. 
 The coat inflames; adhesion takes place, and the 
 cavity is obliterated. 
 
 Hydrocele op the Neck. A tumour, filled 
 with a watery fluid, occupying some portion of 
 the neck. 
 
 Hydrocele PeeitonjEI, Ascites — h. Spinalis, 
 Hydrorachis. 
 
 HYDROCENO'SIS, from 'w^top, 'water,' ani 
 Ktvuxsti, ' evacuation.' The evacuation of water 
 morbidly accumulated in the body. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALE, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 HYBROCEPHALE AIGUE, Hydrocephalus 
 internus. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALITIS, Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALOCELE, Hydrencephalo- 
 cele. 
 
 H YBR CEP HAL OE CTASIE, Hydrocepha- 
 lus chronicus. 
 
 HYDROCEPH'ALUS, Hydroceph'alvm, Hy- 
 drocra'nia, Hydrocra 'nitim, Hydrocejyhal'iiim, 
 Hydroceph'ale, Hydro]}s Cap'itis, H. Cer'ebri, 
 from 'vS<i)p, ' water,' and Ke(pa\ij, ' the head.' 
 Water in the head, Bropsy of the head, Bropay 
 of the hrain. A collection of water within the 
 head. It may be internal or external. 
 
 Hydrocephalus Acutus, H. internus — h. 
 Acutus senum. Apoplexy, serous — h. Adnatus, see 
 H. chronicus — h. Congeuitus, see H. chronicus — 
 h. Externus, H. chronicus — h. Meningeus, H. 
 internus. 
 
 Hydrocephalus Chron'icus, Hydrencepha- 
 loce'le. Hydrops Cap'itis, Hydrocephalus exter- 
 nus, (P.) Hydrocephale, Hyd rocepihaloectasie, of 
 some, may exist at birth. Hydrencep>h' alon. Hy- 
 drocephalus congen'itus seu adna'tus commonly 
 commences at an early period of existence, and 
 the accumulation of fluid gradually produces dis- 
 tension of the brain, and of the skull, with sepa- 
 ration of the sutures. It commonly proves fatal 
 before puberty. 
 
 Hydrocephalus Externus, QSde'ma cap'itis, 
 Ccphaloede' ma of some, is a mere infiltration into 
 the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the cranium. 
 
 Hydrocephalus Inter'nus, Hydroceph'alus 
 acu'tus, H. meninge' us. Hydrops cer'ebri, Encc- 
 phalal'gia hydrop'ica, Encephali'tis exsudato' ria, 
 Encephali'tis seu 3feningi'tis Infan'tum, Morbus 
 cerebra'lis Whyt'tii, En'tero-cephalop'yra Infan'- 
 tum, Hydrophlogo'sis Ventriculo'rum cer'ebri, En- 
 cephaloch'ysis, Phrenic'ula hydrocephal' ica, Hy- 
 drenceph'alus, Hydrencephali' tis, Hydrencephal' ~ 
 ium, Hydrocephali'tis, Hydromeningi'tis, Febris 
 Hydrocephal' ica, Apoplex'ia hydrocephal' ica, Ca- 
 ms hydroceph'altis. Water Brain Fever, (F.) Hy- 
 droc&phale aigue, Fievre cerebrale des Enfans, is 
 generally seated, according to modern observers, 
 in the meninges and surface of the encephalon, 
 and is a tuber'cular meningi'tis, 3/eningi'tis tu- 
 berculo'sa, Encephalostrumo'sis, (F.) ileningite 
 tuberculeuse ou granideuse. It is observed par- 
 ticularly in childhood. Its march is extremely 
 acute and often very rapid; admitting, generally, 
 however, of division into three stages. The symp- 
 toms oi the first stage are those of general febrile 
 irritation, with head-ach, intolerance of light and 
 sound, delirium, &c. Those of the second, which 
 generally denote that the inflammation has ended 
 in eifusion, are, great slowness of pulse, crying out 
 as if in distress, moaning, dilated pupil, squint- 
 ing, &c. ; and lastly, in the third stage — pro- 
 found stupor, paralysis, convulsions, involuntary 
 evacuations, quick pulse, and frequently death. 
 The disease is of uncertain duration; sometimea, 
 
HYDROCHAMAIMELUM 
 
 452 
 
 HYDROGEN 
 
 destroying in two or three days ; at others, ex- 
 tending to two or three weeks. The prognosis 
 is unfavourable. The treatment must be active 
 during the stage of excitement, — precisely that 
 which is necessary in phrenitis. In the second 
 stage, the indication is; — to promote the absorp- 
 tion of the effused fluid. This must be done by 
 counter-irritants, and mercury, chiefly. On dis- 
 section, water is generally found in the ventricles, 
 or at the base of the brain; or there are evidences 
 of previous vascular excitement, as effusions of 
 coagulable lymph, &c. 
 
 Hydrocephalus Spurius, Hydrencephaloid, 
 (disease.) 
 
 HYDROCHAMAIMELUM, Infusum anthemi- 
 dis. 
 HYDROCHEZIA, Diarrhoea serosa. 
 HYDRO CHLORATE B'OR, see Gold. 
 HYDRO CHLORINAS NATRICUS, Soda, 
 muriate of. 
 
 HYDROCnOLECYSTIS, Turgescentia vesi- 
 culse fellese. 
 
 HYDROCH'YSES, (G.) Hydrochysen,from 
 'ucup, ' water,' and %uc7if, * effusion.' A family of 
 diseases, according to the classification of Fuchs, 
 in which there is a sudden effusion of serous fluid, 
 as in serous apoplexy; hydrocephalus, &c. 
 
 HYDROCIRSOCE'LE, Hygrociraoce'le, Hy- 
 groce'le, from 'I'^cop, 'water,' xtpcog, 'varis,' and 
 Kri\ri, 'tumour.' A tumour, formed by the vari- 
 cose distention of the veins of the spermatic cord, 
 and by the accumulation of serous fluid in the 
 areolar texture of the scrotum. 
 HYDROC(ELIA,_Ascites. 
 HYDROCOT'YLE CENTEL'LA. A South 
 African plant, the roots and stalks of which are 
 astringent: and used in diarrhoea and dysentery. 
 Hydeocotylb UMBELLATtrif, Acaricoba. 
 HYDRO CRANIA, Hydrocephalus. 
 HYDRO CRANIUM, Hydrocephalus. 
 IIYDROCRITHE, Decoctum Hordei. 
 HYDRO CYAN'IC ACID, Ac"idum Hydroey- 
 an'icum ; from 'u^up, ' water,' and Kvavo^, ' blue.' 
 Prussic Acid, Ac"idum Prua'sicum, A. Borus'- 
 sicum, A. Zoot'ieum, A. Zobtin'icum, Cyanohy'- 
 dric Add, Gyanhy'dric Acid, (F.) Acide Hydro- 
 cyanique ou Prussique. This acid exists in a 
 great variety of native combinations in the vege- 
 table kingdom, and imparts to them certain pro- 
 jjerties, which have been long known and es- 
 teemed; as in the litter almond, Cherry laurel, 
 leaves of the Peach tree, kernels of fruit, pips of 
 apples, &c. When concentrated, it is liquid, co- 
 lourless, of a strong smell and taste, at first cool, 
 afterwards burning. Its s. g. at 7° centigrade, is 
 0.7058. It is very volatile, and enters into ebul- 
 lition at 80° Fahr. It speedily undergoes de- 
 composition, sometimes in less than an hour, and 
 consists of a peculiar gazeous and highly inflam- 
 mable compound of carbon and azote, to which 
 the name Cyan'ogen has been assigned ; and of 
 hydrogen, which acts as the acidifying principle: 
 hence its name Hydrocyanic acid. In the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the United States, (1851,) two for- 
 mulae for the preparation of the Ac"iduni hydro- 
 ci/an'icuM dilu'tum — Ac"idum hydrocyan'icum. 
 Ph. U. S. of 1842 — are given ; the one from the 
 Ferro-cyanuret of Potassium; the other from the 
 Vyanuret of Stiver. According to Magendie, the 
 acid, prepared after Scheele's method — the one 
 in common use — is of irregular medicinal power: 
 he. therefore, recommends Gay Lussac's acid, 
 diluted with 6 times its volume, or 8.5 times its 
 weight of distilled water, for medicinal purposes, 
 and this he calls JIedic"inal Prussic Acid. Dr. 
 Ure has proposed, that the specific gravity should 
 indicate that which is proper for medicinal exhi- 
 bition; and, after comparative experiments of the 
 
 gravity of the acids, obtained by different pro- 
 cesses, he states, that the acid, usually prescribed, 
 is of s. g. 0.996 or 0.997. Great caution is, how- 
 ever, necessary. One drop of pure prussic acid 
 may instantly destroy, and the animal show 
 hardly any traces of irritability, a few moments 
 after death. It has been advised in laryngeal 
 phthisis, in pulmonary phthisis, pulmonary in- 
 flammation and irritation, dyspepsia, uterine affec- 
 tions, hectic cough, cancer, chronic rheumatism, 
 and mania, and as a local remedy in impetiginous 
 affections ; but, although possessed of powerful 
 sedative properties, it is so unmanageable and 
 the preparation so uncertain, that it is not much 
 used. The JDose of Scheele's Acid, or of the Me- 
 dicinal Prussic Acid, is from a quarter of a di'op 
 to two drops. 
 
 HYDROCYS'TIS, from 'vamp, 'water,' and 
 KVdTi;, ' a bladder.' A cj'st containing a watery 
 or serous fluid. An hydatid. Also, saccated 
 
 " HYDRODERMA, Anasarca. 
 HYDRODES, Aqueous. 
 HYDRODIARRHCEA, Diarrhoea, serous. 
 HYDRCEDEMA, (Edema. 
 EYDRO-ENCEPHALORREEE, Apoplexy, 
 serous. _ 
 
 HYDRO -EXTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE, Hydro- 
 epijjlo-enteroce'le ; from 'nctop, 'water,' ivrepov, 
 ' intestine,' and sttittAoov, ' omentum.' Entero- 
 epiplocele, the sac of which contains a serous ' 
 fluid. 
 
 H Y D R - E N T E R 0-EPIPLOM'PHALUM, 
 from 'vdoyp, 'water,' evTcpov, 'an intestine,' £-i- 
 t:\oov, 'the caul,' and ojiipaXo;, 'the navel.' Um- 
 bilical hernia, the sac of which contains intestine, 
 epiploon, and serum. 
 
 HYDRO- ENTEROM'PHALUM, Hydrenie- 
 rom'phalum; from 'vSwp, 'water,' cvrepov, 'an in- 
 testine,' and ofifpaXos, 'the umbilicus.' Hernia 
 umbiliealis, the sac of which contains intestine 
 and serum. 
 
 HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LE, from 't.^a.p, 'water,' 
 tTn-'Xoov, 'omentum,' and (ojXt?, 'a tumour.' Her- 
 nia, formed by omentum, the saC of which con- 
 tains serum. 
 
 HYDRO-EPIPLO-ENTEROCELE, Hydro- 
 entero-epiplocele. 
 
 HYDRO -EPIPLOMPH'ALUM, from 'viwp, 
 'water,' et^ittXoov, 'the omentum,' and o/i0aAos, 
 'the umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, the sac of 
 which contains epiploon and serum. 
 
 HYDROG'ALA, from 'voop, 'water,' and ya\a, 
 ' milk.' A mixture of water and milk. 
 HYDROGASTEK, Ascites. 
 HY'DPvOGEN, Hydrogen'ium, Inflam'mahle 
 air, Phlogis'ton, Princi2)'iuni hydrogenet'icum, P. 
 hydrot'ieum, MepM'tis infammaV His, (F.) Hy- 
 drogene, from 'v6(j)p, 'water,' and ytivaw, 'I pro- 
 duce.' This gas, when breathed, proves fatal 
 from containing no oxygen. When diluted with 
 two-thirds of atmospheric air, it occasions some 
 diminution of muscular power and sensibility, 
 and a reduction of the force of the circulation. 
 It has been respired in catarrh, haemoptysis, and 
 phthisis. 
 
 HvDROGE??, Carburetted, Inflammable air, 
 Fire damp, of miners — obtained by passing the 
 vapour of water over charcoal, at the tempera- 
 ture of ignition, in an iron tube — has been found 
 possessed of similar properties, when diluted, and 
 has been used in like cases. 
 
 HYDR0GE5, Protoxide of. Water. 
 Hydrogen, Sulphuretted, Hydrosulph'urif. 
 acid, Hydrothion'ic acid, Hydrothi'on, Gaz he- 
 pjat'iciim, Gaz hydrogen'inm sxdphura'tum, 3fe- 
 phi'tis hepat'ica, (F.) Acide hydrosiilfurique, may 
 be disengaged from any of the sulphurets by tha 
 
HTDROGENATION 
 
 453 
 
 HYDROPHOBIA 
 
 addition of a strong acid. It is a violent poison, 
 but has been recommended to be inhaled, diluted, 
 to allay the increased irritability which occasion- 
 ally exists after diseases of the lungs. See Hy- 
 dro-sulphuretted Water. 
 
 HYDROGEXATION, see Hydrogeneaes. 
 
 HYDROG^XE, Hydi-ogen. 
 
 HYDROGENESES. Baumes gives this name 
 to diseases which he fancifully considers to de- 
 pend upon disturbed hi/drogcnation. In it he in- 
 cludes intermittent and remittent fevers. 
 
 HYDROGEIs^O - SULPHURETUM AMMO- 
 NIACiE LIQUID UM, Ammoniee sulphuretum. 
 
 HYDROGLOSSA, Ranula. 
 
 HYDROGRAPHY, see Hydrology. 
 
 HYDROHEMIE, Anemia, 
 
 HYDROHYMEXI'TIS, Orrhohymeni'tis, from 
 'v5u)p, ' water,' 'v/i-nv, ' a membrane,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of a serous 
 membrane. 
 
 HYDROLiEUM. Hydrelason. 
 
 HYDROLAPATHUM,Rumexhydrolapathum. 
 
 HYDROLATA. Aquse destillatge. 
 
 EYDROLATS, Aquae destillatis. 
 
 HYDROLES, see Hydrolica. 
 
 HYDROL'ICA, (F.) EydroUqiies, from 'u^up, 
 'water.' Watery solutions of the active princi- 
 ples of medicinal agents. Those prepared by so- 
 lution or admixture are termed, by the French, 
 Hydroles ; those by distillation, Hydrolats. 
 
 HYDROLIQUES, Hydrolica. 
 
 HYDROL'OGY, Hydroloc)"ia, from 'viu>p, 'wa- 
 ter,' andAoyof, 'a discourse.' A treatise on water. 
 By the term Medical Hydrol'ogy is meant that 
 part of physics, whose object is the study of wa- 
 ter, considered as it respects medicine ,• and, con- 
 sequently, embracing that of mineral waters. 
 Jfedical Hydrog' raphy corn-prises the study of the 
 influence exerted by the sea or by navigation on 
 the health of man. 
 
 HYDROLOTIF, Lotion. 
 
 HYDROMA'XIA, from 'v^u>p, 'water,' and 
 fiavia, ' mania.' A name given by Strambi to 
 pellagra, in which the patient has a strong pro- 
 pensity to drown himself. 
 
 HYDRO-MEDIASTI'NUM, Hrjdrops mtdia- 
 sti'ni. Effusion of serous fluid into the mediasti- 
 num. 
 
 BY'JYEiOMEJj, ffydrom'eli, from 'vSwp, 'water,' 
 and /keXj, 'honey.' Aqua nmlaa, ileliti'tis, 3Iul- 
 sum, Melic'ratum, MelUc'ratum, Braggart, Medo. 
 A liquid medicine, prepared with an ounce and a 
 half of honey and a pint of tejnd icater. It is 
 used as a demulcent and laxative, and is gene- 
 rally known under the names Simple hy'dromel, 
 Vinous hy' dromel, Mead, Hydrom'eli vino' sum. It 
 is a drink made by fermenting honey and water, 
 and is much used in some countries. 
 
 HYDROMEXIXGITIS, Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus. 
 
 HYDROMETER, Areometer. 
 
 HYDROME'TRA, Hydrome'tria, Hysfer'ifes, 
 Eystercede'ma, Hydrops u'teri, frora 'vimp, 'water,' 
 and firirpa, 'the womb.' Dropsy of the icomh. A 
 disease characterized by circumscribed protuber- 
 ance in the hypogastrium, — with obscure fluctu- 
 ation, progressively enlarging, without ischury or 
 pregnancy. If it ever occur, it must be a rare 
 disease. 
 
 IIYDROM'PHALUM, Hydrops nmhilica'Us, 
 Exom'plialus aquo'sus, Her'nia umbili'ci aquo'sa, 
 from 'vS(t)p, 'water,' and op(jia\o;, 'the navel.' A 
 tumour, formed by the accumulation of serum in 
 the sac of umbilical hernia ; or simply by disten- 
 sion of the navel in cases of ascites. 
 
 HYDROMYRIN'GA, Hydromyrinx, Hydrops 
 tym'pani, from 'w^ojp, ' water,' and myriuga or 
 myrinx, ' the membrana tympani.' Dropsy of the 
 
 drum of the ear ; giving rise to difficulty of hear- 
 ing, — Eysecce'a hydrop'ica. 
 
 HYDROMYRINX, Hydromyringa. 
 
 HYDRONCUS, Anasarca, (Edema. 
 
 HYDRONEPHRO'SIS, (F.) Hydron&phrose, 
 Hydrorlnale distension, from 'vioip, 'water,' and 
 ve^pog, ' kidney.' An accumulation in the kidney, 
 owing to the obstruction of the tubes of the pa- 
 pilla}. — Rayer. 
 
 HYDRONOSUS, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDROXUSUS, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDROOPHORON, Hydroarion. 
 
 HYDROOVARIUM, Hydroarion. 
 
 HYDROPATH'IC, Hydropath'icm, Hydriat'- 
 ricus, from 'vSuip, 'water,' and Tzado;, 'disease.' 
 Relating to hydropathy or the water-cure, — as a 
 hydropathic physician, Hydridter, Hydridtrus. 
 
 HYDROPATHY, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDROPEDE'SIS, from 'vSwp, 'water,' and 
 TTTiiau), ' I break out.' Ephidro'sis. Excessive 
 sweating. 
 
 HYDROPEGE, Water, spring. 
 
 HYDROPELTIS PURPUREA, Brasenia hy. 
 dropeltis. 
 
 HYDROPERICARDIA, Hvdroperieardium. 
 
 HYDROPERICARDITIS,Hvdropericardium. 
 
 HYDROPERICAR'DIUM, ^!/rf;-o;jencar'f/K/, 
 Hydropericardi'tis, from 'uiJcjp, 'water,' and ^jerj.- 
 cardium; Hydrops Pericar'dii, Hydrocar'dia, 
 Dropsy of the pericar'dium, (F.) Hydropn-u'le du 
 Pericarde. This is not a common disease. Pal- 
 pitations; irregular or intermitting pulse; exces- 
 sive dyspnoea, amounting often to orfchopnoea, 
 and dulness over a large space on percu.'nion, will 
 cause the pericardium to be suspected. Tli« treat- 
 ment is that of dropsies in general. It is, usu- 
 ally, however, of the active kind. 
 
 HYDROPERIONE, from 'u^up, 'vater,' rjpj, 
 ' around,' and uov, ' an egg, or ovum.' The sero- 
 albuminous substance, secreted by thf- lining of 
 the uterus prior to the arrival of the impregnated 
 ovum in that cavity. — Breschet. 
 
 HYDROPERITONEUM, Ascites. 
 
 HYDROPERITONIE, Ascites. 
 
 HYDROPHAL'LUS, from 'u^up, 'water/ and 
 (pa'XXos, ' the male organ.' (Edema of the viAe 
 organ. 
 
 HYDROPHIMOSIS, Phimosis cedematoa*,!. 
 
 HYDROPHLEGMASIA TEXTUS CELLU- 
 LARIS, Phlegmasia alba. 
 
 HYDROPHLOGOSIS VENTRICULORUM 
 CEREBRI, Hydrocephalus internus. 
 
 HYDROPHOB'IA, Paraphob'ia, Parophoh'ia, 
 Phohodip'son, Pheu'gydron, Pheugophoh'ia, Cy- 
 nolys'sa, Gynolys'sum, 3Iorbus hydrophob'icus seu 
 hydroph' obus, Lycan'che, Lycan'chis, Aerojyhobia, 
 Phreni'tis latrans, Lytta, Lyssa, Lyssa cani'na, 
 Pantophob'ia, Rabies cani'na, Erethis'mus hydro- 
 phobia, Clonos hydrophobia, Hygropihobia, AqncB 
 nietiis, Canine madness, (F.) Rage; from 'vSaip, 
 ' water,' and cpoffo;, ' dread.' 
 
 The term Rabies is more appropriate for the 
 aggregate of symptoms resulting from the bite 
 of rabid animals. Hydrophobia literally signifies 
 a ' dread of water ;' and, consequently, ought to 
 be applied to one of the symptoms of rabies, rather 
 than to the disease itself. It is a symptom which 
 appears occasionally in other nervous affections. 
 Rabies is susceptible of spontaneous development 
 in the dog, wolf, cat, and fox, which can thenco 
 transmit it to other quadrupeds or to man; but 
 it has not been proved that it can supervene,— 
 without their having been previously bitten, — in 
 animals of other species ; or that the latter can, 
 when bitten, communicate it to others. Many 
 facts induce the belief, that the saliva and bron- 
 chial mucus are the sole vehicles of the rabid vi- 
 rus ; the effects of which upon the erinomy somo- 
 
HYDROPHOBUS 
 
 454 
 
 HYDROPS 
 
 times api ear almost immediately after the bite, 
 and are, at others, apparently dormant for a con- 
 siderable period. The chief symptoms are — a 
 sense of dryness and constriction of the throat; 
 excessive thirst; difficult deglutition; aversion 
 for, and horror at, the sight of liquids as well as 
 of brilliant objects; red, animated countenance; 
 great nervous irritability ; frothy saliva ; grinding 
 of the teeth, &c. Death most commonly happens 
 before the fifth day. Hydrophobia has hitherto 
 resisted all therapeutical means. Those which 
 allay irritation are obviously most called for. In 
 the way of prevention, the bitten part should 
 always be excised, where practicable ; and cau- 
 terized. 
 
 In some cases, symptoms like those which fol- 
 low the bite of a rabid animal are said to have 
 come on spontaneously. This affection has been 
 termed nervous or spontaneous hydrophobia. 
 
 HYDROPHOBUS, Lyssodectus. 
 
 HYDROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'v&iap, 'water,' 
 and oip^aXjxog, 'the eye.' Hydrophthal' imis, 
 Dropsy of the eye. Hydrops Oc'uli, BuphthaVmua, 
 Zoophthalhnus, Oc'ulus Bovi'nus, Oculus Bu'bulus, 
 Oculus Elephan' tinus, Ophthalmopto' sis, Parop'- 
 sis Staphylo'ma simplex, (F.) Hydrophthalmie, 
 Hydropisie de I'oeil. This affection is caused, at 
 times, by an increase in the quantity of the aque- 
 ous, at others, of the vitreous, humour. In the 
 former ease, the iris is concave anteriorly, and 
 pushed backwards: — in the latter, it is convex, 
 and pushed forwards. Most commonly, the dis- 
 ease seems to depend on both humours at the 
 same time. Hydrophthalmia sometimes affects 
 both eyes ; at others, only one. Children are 
 more exposed to it than adults or old persons. 
 The treatment must vary according to the cause ; 
 its longer or shorter duration ; greater or less 
 extent, &c. Hence, according to circumstances, 
 hydragogue medicines, purgatives, general and 
 local blood-letting, blisters, setons, moxa, cup- 
 ping-glasses, fomentations, collyria, and fumiga- 
 tions of different kinds, have been employed. 
 When all means fail, and the disease continues 
 to make progress, the fluid may be evacuated, by 
 a. puncture made with a cataract needle at the 
 lower part of the transparent cornea. 
 
 Hydrophthalmia, Conical, Staphyloma of 
 the cornea. 
 
 HYDROPHTHAL'MION. Same etymon. An 
 oedematous swelling of the conjunctiva in hydro- 
 pie persons. 
 
 HYDROPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia— h. 
 Cruentus, Hsemophthalmia. 
 
 HYDROPHYLLUM VERUM, Hydrastis Ca- 
 nadensis. 
 
 HYDROPHYSOCE'LE, Hydropneumafoee'le, 
 from 'vSiop, 'water,' <pv(ra, 'wind,' and KriXr;, 'a 
 tumour.' Hernia, which contains a serous fluid 
 and gas. 
 
 HYDROPHYSOME'TRA, from 'vSwp, 'water,' 
 <pv(Ta(i), ' I inflate,' and finrpa, ' the womb.' A mor- 
 bid condition of the womb, in which both fluid 
 ind air are contained in it. 
 
 HYDROP'IC, Hydrop'icus, Hy'phydros, By- 
 der'icus, Tlydero'des, Drop'sical, (F.) Tlydrnpique. 
 One labouring under dropsy. Relating to dropsy. 
 Also, an antihydropie, and a hydragogue. 
 
 HYDROPIPER, Polygonum hydropiper- 
 
 HYDROPISIA, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDROPISIE, Hydrops — L dxi Bas-ventre, 
 Ascites — h. Cerehrale sui-aif/ne, Apoplexy, serous 
 
 — h. de V CEil, Hydrophthalmia — h. de I'Ovnire, 
 Hydroarion — h. du Pericarde, Hydropericardium 
 
 — h. des Plevres, Hydrothorax — h. de Poitrnie, 
 Hydrothorax — h. de la Vieictde du Fiel, Turgcs- 
 centia vesicae fellese. 
 
 HYDROPISIS, Hydrops— h. "Vera, Anasarca. 
 HYDROPISMUS, Hydrops. 
 HYDROPLEURIE, Hydrothorax. 
 HYDROPNEUMATOCELE, Hydrophysocele. 
 HYDROPNEUMON, Hydropneumonia. 
 HYDROPNEUMO'NIA, Hydropneu'mon, 
 CEde'ma puhno'mim chron'icum, Hydrops pnlmo- 
 num celhdo'sua, Anasar'ca pulmo'nwn, Hydrops 
 pulmonuni, from 'viwp, 'water,' and nrvtv^wv, 'the 
 lung.' Dropsical infiltration of the lungs. See 
 ffidema of the lungs. 
 
 HYDROPNEUMOSAR'CA, from 'vho^p, 'wa- 
 ter,' TTvevfja, 'wind, air,' and crap^, 'flesh.' An ab- 
 scess, containing water, air, and matters similaj 
 to flesh. — M. A. Severinus. 
 
 B.YD'ROF'N'El!MOTRO''RAX,Hydroaero2}leu. 
 rie, from 'vSoip, 'water,' ■Kvcvpuiv, 'the lung,' and 
 Buipa^, ' the chest.' Pneumothorax with effusion 
 of blood into the chest. See Pneumothorax. 
 
 HYDROPOi'DES, from <vSwp, 'water,' and 
 iroiEu, ' I make.' An epithet for watery excre- 
 tions, such as sometimes take place in hydropics. 
 IIYDROP'OTA, Hydrop'otes, Pota'for Aqua, 
 from 'vSb)p, 'water,' and TOTrjs, 'a drinker.' A 
 loater drinker. One who drinks only water, or 
 drinks it in an extraordinary quantity. 
 
 HYDROPS, from 'v&b>p, 'water,' Plegma'tia, 
 Hy'deros, Affec'tus hydero'des, Hydrop'issis, Hy- 
 dropis'ia, Hydrop>is'miis, Hydrop' sia, Hydror- 
 rhoe'a, Hydrorrhoe, Hydrorrhous, Polyhy'dria, 
 Hydron'osus, Hydronu'sus, Drop)sy, (F.) Hydro- 
 pisie. A preternatural collection of a serous 
 fluid in any cavity of the body, or in the areolar 
 texture. When the cellular texture of the whole 
 body is more or less filled with fluid, the disease 
 is called Anasar'ca or Leucoplegma'tia ; — and 
 when this variety is local or partial, it is called 
 CEde'ma. The chief dropsies, designated from 
 their seat, are: — Anasarca, Hydrocephalus, Hy- 
 drorachitis, Hydrothorax, Hydropericardium, As- 
 cites, Hydrometra, Hydrocele, &c. 
 
 Encyst' ed Dropsy, Hydrops sacca'tus, incaree- 
 ra'tus vel cys'ticus, is that variety in which the 
 fluid is enclosed in a sac or cyst; so that it has 
 no communication with the surrounding parts. 
 Dropsy of the Ovarium, Hydrops Ova'rii, Asci'- 
 tes Ova'rii, Asci'tea sacca'tus, is an instance of 
 this variety. 
 
 Dropsy may be active or passive. The former 
 consists in an increased action of the exhalants, 
 so that those vessels pour out much more fluid 
 than is absorbed : the latter arises from a state 
 of atony of the absorbent vessels, which allows 
 of an accumulation of fluid. It may also be me- 
 chanicnl, or produced by obstructions to the cir- 
 culation, as in cases of diseased liver. Active 
 dropsy, occurring accidentally in a sound indivi- 
 dual, generally ends favourably. That which 
 supervenes on other diseases, or is symptomatic 
 of some internal affection, is rarely curable. 
 
 The treatment consists in the use of all those 
 remedies which act on the various secretions : so 
 that, the demand being increased, the supply will 
 have to be increased accordingly ; and in this 
 manner some of the collected fluid may be taken 
 up by the absorbents. To this end bleeding, if 
 the dropsy be very active ; purgatives, diuretics, 
 sudorifics, sialogogues, <fec., are the remedies 
 chiefly depended upon. 
 
 Hydrops Abdominis, Ascites — h. Abdominis 
 aereus, Tympanites — h. Abdominis saccatus, see 
 Ascites — h. Anasarca, Anasarca — h. Anasarca 
 acutus, see Anasarca — h. Articulorum, Hydrar- 
 thrus — h. Ascites, Ascites — h. Capitis, Hydroce- 
 phalus — h. Capitis, Hydrocephalus cbronicus — h. 
 Cavitatis columns vertebralis, Hydrorachis — h. 
 Cellularis artuum, (Edema — h. Cellularis totius 
 
HTDROPSIA 
 
 455 
 
 HYDROTIS 
 
 corporis, Anasarca — h. Cellulosus, Anasarca — h. 
 Cerebri, Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus internus 
 — h. Cutaneus, Anasarca — h. Cysticus, see Asci- 
 tes, and Hydrops — -h. Glottidis, (Edema of the 
 Glottis — h. lucarceratus, see Hydrops — h. In- 
 tercus, Anasarca — h. Leucophlegmatias, Leuco- 
 phlegmatia — h. ad Matulam, Diabetes — h. Medi- 
 astini, Hydromediastinum — h. Medullaj spinalis, 
 Hydrorachis — h. Matellse, Diabetes — h. Oculi, 
 Hydrophthalmia — h. Ovarii, Hydroarion, see Hy- 
 drops — h. Palpebrse, Hydroblepharon — h. Pecto- 
 ris, Hydrothorax — h. Pericardii, Hydropericardi- 
 um — h. Pleurse, Hydrothorax — h. Pulmonis, 
 Hydrothorax — h. Pulmonum, Hydropneumonia, 
 Qildema of the Lungs — h. Pulmonum cellulosus, 
 Hydropneumonia — h. Saccatus, see Hydrops — 
 h. Sacei lachrymalis, Fistula lachrymalis — h. 
 Scroti, Hydrocele — h. Siccus et flatulentus. Tym- 
 panites — h. Spinse, Hydrorachis — h. Spinas ver- 
 tebralis, Hydrorachis — h. Subcutaneus, Anasarca 
 — h. Telse cellulosse, Anasarca — h. Testiculorum, 
 Hydrocele — h. Thoracis, Hydrothorax — h. Tu- 
 barum Fallopii, Hydrosalpinx — h. Tympani, Hy- 
 dromyringa — h. Tympanites, Tympanites — h.Um- 
 bilicalis, Hydromphalum — h. Uteri, Hydrometra 
 — h. Vesica fellese, Turgescentia vesiculse fellese. 
 
 HYDROPSIA, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDROPYR'ETOS, from 'vStop, 'water,' and 
 wpsTos, ' fever ;' Febris sudato'ria. Fever with 
 sweating. Hidropyretos would be more proper ; 
 from 'i5pwf, ' sweat.' See Sudor Anglicus. 
 
 HYDRORA'CHIS, from 'v&iDp, 'water,' and 
 pa^ii, ' the spine.' Hydrorrha'chis, Hydrora- 
 chi'tis, Hydrorrha'chia, Myeloch'ysis, Hydrops 
 Gavita'tis ColumnoB Vertehra'Us, H. Spinm verte- 
 lyra'lis, Hydrops medul'lm spina'Us, Hydroce'le 
 spina'lis, Hydrorachi'tis spino'sa, Hydrops spincB. 
 An effusion of serum, often owing to inflamma- 
 tion of the spinal membranes — myeli'tis exsiida- 
 ti'va — and forming a soft, frequently transparent, 
 tumovir, constituted of the membranes of the 
 spinal marrow, which are distended and project- 
 ing backwards from the vertebral canal, the pos- 
 terior paries of which, when the affection is con- 
 genital, is wanting to a certain extent — Spiina 
 bifida, Atelorachid'ia, Hydrora'ehis dehis'cens 
 seu congen'ita, Schistorrha'chis, Spi'iwla. The 
 disease is often accompanied with paralysis of the 
 lower extremities. It is congenital, and situate 
 in the lumbar or sacral regions. It is almost al- 
 ways fatal: — the tumour rupturing, and death 
 occurring instantaneously. On dissection, a sim- 
 ple separation or complete absence of the spinous 
 processes of the vertebrae is perceived, with, at 
 times, destruction or absence of spinal marrow. 
 The treatment is the same as in liydrocep)halus 
 chronicus ; and, as in it, advantage seems occa- 
 sionally to have been derived by puncturing with 
 a fine needle. 
 
 Hydrorachis Dehiscens, see Hydrorachis. 
 
 HYDRORACHITIS, Hydrorachis. 
 
 HYDRORCHIS, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDRORENALE DISTENSION, Hydro- 
 nephrosis. 
 
 HYDRORRHACHIA, Hydrorachis. 
 
 HYDRORRHACHIS, Hydrorachis — h. Con- 
 genita, see Hydrorachis — h. Dehiscens, see Hy- 
 drorachis. 
 
 HYDRORRHAGIE, Apoplexy, serous. 
 
 HYDRORRHOE, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDRORRHCEA, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDRORRHOUS, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDRORTHOPNCE'A, from 'v^up, 'water,' 
 and opQo-Kvoia, 'difficulty of breathing, except in 
 Ihe erect posture.' Orthopnoea, owing to a col- 
 lection of water in the chest. 
 
 HYDROSAC'CHARUM, Aqua aacehara'ta, 
 (F.) Ean sucree. Sugared water. 
 
 HYDROSALPINX, Hydrops tnla'rxm Fallo'- 
 pii ; from 'jjiJwp, 'water,' and caX-my^, 'a tube.' 
 Dropsy of the Fallopian tube. 
 
 HYDROS AR'CA, from 'viiop, 'water,' and o-oof, 
 'flesh.' A tumour containing a fluid, as well as 
 portions of flesh. Also, Anasarca. 
 
 HYDROSARCOCE'LE, from 'v5u,p, 'water,' 
 crap^, 'flesh,' and kj/Aj;, 'a tumour.' Sarcohydro- 
 ce'le. A tumour, formed bj^ a sarcocele, compli- 
 cated with dropsy of the tunica vaginalis. 
 
 HYDROSCHEOCE'LE, Oscheooe'le aquo'sa, 
 from 'v6ii)p, ' water,' oaxt:ov, ' the scrotum,' and 
 KriXrjy 'rupture.' A collection of water in the 
 scrotum. Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDROSCHEONIE, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDROSCHEUM, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDROSIS, Hidrosis. 
 
 HYDROSTATIC TEST OF INFANTICIDE, 
 see Docimasia. 
 
 HYDROSUDOPATHY, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A, Hydrop'athy, 
 Hydrojiatlii'a, Hydrosudop'athy, Hydri'asis, Ara 
 Jiydriat'rica, Hydriatri'a, Water cure, (G.) Was- 
 serkur, from 'v&uip, 'water,' sudo, 'I sweat,' and 
 Qepanivb), ' I remedy.' A badly compounded word, 
 formed to express the mode of treating diseases 
 systematically by cold water, sweating, &c. 
 
 HYDROSULPHURET'TED WATER, Aq^ia 
 hydrosulphiira'ta simplex, Aqna hepat'ica, (F.) 
 Eau hydrosulphuree simp>le. (Sidjjhuret of iron, 
 1000 parts, sulphuric acid 2000 parts, distilled 
 water 4000 parts ; add the water to the acid, and 
 put the sulphuret of iron into a retort, to which 
 a Wolff's apparatus of five or six vessels is adapt- 
 ed ; the last containing about an ounce of potassa, 
 dissolved in a quart of water. Pour the diluted 
 acid gradually on the sulphuret, and, ultimately, 
 throw away the water in the last vessel. Ph. P.) 
 It is stimulant, diaphoretic, and deobstruent, (?) 
 and is used in rheumatism, diseases of the skin, &c. 
 
 It has been, also, called Aa"idum Hydrothion'- 
 ieum liq'uidnm. 
 
 HYDROSULPHURETUM AMMONIA CUM 
 AQUOSUM, Ammonias sulphuretum — h. Ammo- 
 niacum, Ammoniaa sulphuretum. 
 
 HYDROTHION, Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
 
 HYDROTHO'RAX, from 'v&oip, 'water,' and 
 6<j)pa^, ' the chest.' Hydrops TJiora'cis, Hydrops 
 pee'toris, Hydrops pidmo'nis, H. pleura, Ste- 
 thoch'ysis, Pleurorrhos'a lymjylmt'ica, PI. scro'sa, 
 Dyspnoe'a et Orthopnoe'a hydrothorac"ica, (F.) 
 Hydropisie de Poi trine, H. des Pie ores. Dropsy 
 of the Gkest. Idiopathic hydrothorax, termed by 
 Laennee Hydropisie des 2}levres, Dropsy of the 
 PleurcB, — by Piorry, Hydropileurie, — is a rare 
 disease, and difiicult of diagnosis. It generally 
 exists only on one side, which, if the fluid effused 
 be considerable, projects more than the other. 
 Dj'spncea, and fluctuation perceptible to the ear, 
 are characteristic symptoms. When the chest is 
 examined with the stethoscope, respiration is 
 found to be wanting every where, except at the 
 root of the Idng. The sound is also dull on per- 
 cussion. 
 
 Effusion into the chest, as a result of inflam- 
 mation of some thoracic viscus, is as common as 
 the other is rare. It is usually a fatal symptom. 
 It has been called symptomatic hydrothorax. 
 
 In hydrothorax, the course of treatment proper 
 in dropsies in general, must be adopted. Diure- 
 tics seem, here, to be especially useful ; probably 
 on account of the great activity of pulmonary ab- 
 sorption. Paracentesis can rarely be serviceable. 
 
 Hydrothorax Chydsus, Chylothorax- h. 
 Purulentus, Empyema. 
 
 HYDROTICA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HYDRO'TIS, from 'viop, ' water/ and ovj, gen. 
 
HYDRURESIS 
 
 456 
 
 HTMENOGRAPHT 
 
 u>TOi, ' the ear.' Dropsy of the ear. Properly, 
 an accumulation of mucous or mnco-purulent 
 matter in the middle ear. 
 
 HYDRURESIS, Diabetes. 
 
 HYDRURIA, Diabetes, see Urine. 
 
 HYERES. This small town, agreeably situ- 
 ate on the declivity of a hill, about two miles from 
 the Mediterranean, and twelve from Toulon, is the 
 least exceptionable residence in Provence for the 
 pulmonary invalid. It is in some measure pro- 
 tected from the northerly winds ; but not suffi- 
 ciently so from the mistral to render it a very 
 desirable residence for the phthisical. — Sir James 
 Clark. 
 
 HYGEA, Hygiene, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGEIA, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGEISMUS, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGEOLOGY, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGIANSIS, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIASIS, Sanitas, 
 
 HYGIASMA, Medicament. 
 
 HYGIAS'TICA DOCTRI'NA. The doctrine 
 of health. The doctrine of the restoration of 
 health. 
 
 HYGIASTICUS, Salutary. 
 
 HYGIEA, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIEIA, Hygiene, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIEINUS, Salutary. 
 
 HYGIEJOLOGIA, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGIENE (F.), (generally Anglicised, and 
 pronounced hygeene) from 'vyuia, 'health.' Hy- 
 giene, Hygeis'mua, Hygiei'ne, Hygie'sis, Hygiei'a; 
 Hygie'a, Hygei'a, Hygiene, Hygien'ics, Conserva- 
 ti'va medicina, Hygeolog"ia, Hygieiolog"ia, Hy- 
 geology, Hygiol'ogy ; from 'vyiTH, ' healthy.' The 
 part of medicine whose object is the preservation 
 of health. It embraces a knowledge of healthy 
 man, both in society and individuallj', as well as 
 of the objects used and employed by him, with 
 their influence on his constitution and organs. 
 See Regimen. 
 
 HYGIEN'IC, (F.) Hygienique. Same etymon. 
 Relating to Hygiene — as ' hygienic precautions, 
 hygienic rules,' &c. &o. 
 
 HYGIENICS, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGIENIQUE, Hygienic. 
 
 HYGIE'NIST. One who understands the 
 principles of hygiene. 
 
 HYGIERUS, Salutary, 
 
 HYGIESIS, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGIOLOGY, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGRA, from 'v&oip, 'water,' or 'vypos, 'hu- 
 mid.' Liquid plasters ; — Hygremplaa'tra. 
 
 HYGRASIA, Humour. 
 
 HYGRECHE'MA, from 'vypo;, 'humid,' and 
 eXip^") ' sound ;' Son'itua flu'idi. The sound of 
 fluid, heard by auscultation, or otherwise. 
 
 HYGREDON, Humour. 
 
 HYGREMPLASTRA, Hygra. 
 
 HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI, from 'uypoj, 'humid,' 
 and fi\c(papov, ' eyelid ;' Hygrophthal'mici. The 
 excretory ducts of the lachrymal glafid have been 
 60 called. 
 
 HYGROCATARAC'TA; from 'vypos, 'humid,' 
 and KaTapaKTvs, ' cataract ;' Catarac'ta liq'uida. 
 Liquid or fluid cataract. 
 
 HYGROCELE, Hydrocirsocele. 
 HYGROCOLLYRIA, see Collyrium. 
 HYGROCYSTIS, Hydatid. 
 HYGROL'OGY, Hygrolog"ia, from 'vypo;, ' hu- 
 mia,' and Aoyoj, ' a discourse.' The anatomy of 
 the fluids of the body. 
 
 HYGRO'MA, from 'vypo?, 'humid.' Tumor cys'- 
 tiruesero'sue, Cys'tis sero'aa. Dropsy of the bursas 
 luncos*. 
 
 DYGROM'ETRY, Hygromei'ria, Hygrosco'- 
 
 pia; from 'vypos, 'humid,' and fjunrpov, 'measure 
 The part of physics which concerns the measure- 
 ment of the dryness or humidity of the atmo- 
 sphere. It is probable, that diseases are as fre- 
 quently caused by the varying moisture of the 
 atmosphere as by changes in its weight or tem- 
 perature. The hygrometer ought, consequently, 
 to form part of every apparatus for medical me- 
 teorological observations. 
 
 HYGRON, Liquor. 
 
 HYGROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia.. 
 
 HYGROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'vypog, 'humid,' 
 and ofpQaXjiia, 'inflammation of the eye.' Oph- 
 thalmia with much lachrymatiou. 
 
 HYGROPHTHALMICI, Hygroblepharici. 
 
 HYGROPISSOS, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 HYGROSCOPIA, Hygrometry. 
 
 HYGROTES, Humour, Liquor. 
 
 HYGRUM, Humour. 
 
 HY'LE, 'uA!7, Mate'ria, ' Matter.' Wood. Ma- 
 teria Medica; also, the Philosopher's stone. 
 
 Hyle Iatrice, Materia Medica. 
 
 HYLISIS, Colatio. 
 
 HYLISMUS, Colatio. 
 
 HYLISTER, Colatorium. 
 
 HYLOPH'AGOUS, from <v\v, 'wood,' and 
 (bayia, 'I eat.' One that feeds upon the young 
 shoots of trees, roots, &o. Hylophagous tribes 
 yet exist in some parts of Africa. 
 
 HYMASTATICS, Hsemastatice. 
 
 HYMEN, 'vfirjv, which signifies 'marriage,' 
 'nuptial song,' 'membrane or pellicle.' Clmis- 
 triim seu Flos seu Sigil'lum seu Custo'dia sen Co- 
 lum'na seu Zona virginita'tis,Flo8virgina' lis, Vir- 
 gin'ia, Cir'cxdus memhrano'siis, Bucton, Interae]/- 
 tum virgina'le, Cento virgina'lia, Argumen'twn 
 Integrita'tia, Mimimen'tnm seu Zona Caatita'tia, 
 Pannic'ulus hgmencB'ua seu virgina'lia, Engion, 
 Val'vula ragi'ntB, Memhran'ula luna'ta vagina. 
 Virginal memhrane. The semilunar, parabolic, 
 or circular fold, situate at the outer orifice of the 
 vagina in virgins, especially during youth, and 
 prior to menstruation. This membrane is ordi- 
 narily ruptured by the first venereal act, and is 
 effaced by accouchement; some irregular flaps 
 remaining, to which the name Oarun'cula Myr- 
 tifor'mes has been given by reason of their re- 
 semblance to the leaves of the myrtle. Many 
 circumstances of an innocent character may oc- 
 casion a rupture or destruction of this membrane- 
 It is often, indeed, found absent in children soon 
 after birth ,• whilst it ma,y remain entire after co- 
 pulation. Hence the presence of the hymen does 
 not abiiolutely prove virginity ; nor does its ab- 
 sence prove incontinence,' although its presence 
 would be prima facie evidence of continence. 
 
 Hymen, Membrane — h. Diaphatton, Mediasti- 
 num. 
 
 HYMEN.^A, see Copal — h. Courbaril, see 
 Anime. 
 
 HYMEN'ICA AMENORRH(E'A. Amenor- 
 rhcea occasioned by closure of the hymen. 
 
 BYWE'^'ICVS, Hyyneno'des, from 'w^ijv, 'hy- 
 men,' &c. Relating to the hymen. Also, mem- 
 branous. 
 
 HYMENI'TIS, from 'w//»>v, 'a membrane,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Membranous in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of an internal mem- 
 brane. 
 
 HYME'NIUM, 3Iemlran'ula, diminutive of 
 'vji-qv, 'a membrane.' A fine, delicate membrane. 
 HYMENODES, Hvmenicus. 
 HYMENOGANGLTITIS, Cholera. 
 HYMENOG'RAPHY, Hymcnogra'phia, from 
 'vfiriv, 'a membrane,' and ypadio), 'I describe.* 
 That part of anatomy whose object is the descrip- 
 tion of the different membranes. 
 
HTMENOLOGY 
 
 457 
 
 HYPEREMIA 
 
 HYMENOL'OGY, Eymenohy"ia, from 'u/ziyv, 
 *a membrane,' and Xoyoi, 'a description.' A 
 treatise on the membranes. 
 
 H Y M B N R ' RH APH Y, Hymenorrha'pliia ; 
 from 'u/iJjv, ' the hymen/ and pafri, ' a suture.' A 
 form of elytrorrhaphy, in which the operation is 
 performed in the natural situation of the hymen. 
 
 HYMENOT'OMY, Hymenotom'ia, from 'vfxriv, 
 ' a membrane,' and rt/jvia, ' I cut,' ' I dissect.' 
 The part of anatomy which treats of the dissec- 
 tion of the membranes. The term has also been 
 applied to the incision of the hymen, practised in 
 certain cases of imperforation of the vagina, in 
 order to give exit to the blood retained and ac- 
 cumulated in the cavity of the uterus. 
 
 IIYMNIUM, Amnios. 
 
 HYO : in composition, an abridgment of Hy- 
 oides, OS. 
 
 HYOBASIOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus. 
 
 HYOCHONDROGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
 
 HYODEOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
 
 HYODEOTHYREODES, Thyreohyoideus. 
 
 HYODES, Hyoides. 
 
 H Y 0-EPIGLOT ' T I C U S, Hyodepiglot'ticiis. 
 Belonging to the os hyoides and epiglottis. Some 
 anatomists have given the name Hyo-epiglottic 
 ligament to a bundle of condensed areolar tissue, 
 which passes from the posterior part of the body 
 of the hyoid bone to the base of the epiglottic 
 fibro- cartilage. 
 
 EYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PEAE YNGIEN, 
 Constrictor pharyngis. 
 
 HYOGLOS'SUS, Hyodeo-glossus, Hyo-cTiondro- 
 gJossus, Hypsiloglossus, Cer' ato-glossus of Douglass 
 and Cowper : Basio-Cerato-Chondvo-glossus. A 
 large, thin, quadrilateral muscle, situate at the 
 anterior and superior part of the neck. Its in- 
 sertions at three different points of the os hj'oides 
 permit it to be divided into three portions : — the 
 first, {Cerato-glossus of Albinus) is attached to 
 the great cornu of the os hyoides : the second, 
 {Basio-glossus of Albinus,) arises from the supe- 
 rior part of the body of the same bone ; and the 
 third, (Chondro-glossiw of Albinus,) arises from 
 the lesser cornu and the cartilage, situate between 
 the body and the greater cornu. The fibres of 
 these three bundles are inserted into the lateral 
 and inferior parts of the tongue. This muscle 
 depresses the base of the tongue, or raises the os 
 hyoides, when the tongue is fixed. 
 
 HYO-THYREOIDEUS, Thyreo-hyoideus. 
 
 HYO-THYROID, Thyreo-hyoid. 
 
 HYOID BONE, Hyoides, os. 
 
 HYOi'DES, OS, Os Bicor'ne, Os hypseloVdes, 
 Os Lambdoi'des, Os Gut'txiris, Os Lingum, Os 
 Lingua'le, Upsilo'i'des, Ypisiloides. The Hyoid 
 Bone; from the Greek v, and ei6os, 'shape.' Hy- 
 di'deus, Hyo'des. The hyoid bone is a very mo- 
 vable, osseous arch ; of a parabolic shape ; con- 
 vex before, and suspended horizontally in the 
 substance of the soft parts of the neck, between 
 the base of the tongue and the larynx. This 
 tone, separated entirely from the rest of the ske- 
 leton, is composed of five distinct portions, sus- 
 ceptible of motion on each other. The first, and 
 most central, is the hody of the hyoid, Ossic'ulum 
 me'dium HyoVdis, which affords attachment to 
 several muscles ; the two others are lateral, and 
 bear the name of branches or greater cornita. 
 The last two are smaller, situate above the other, 
 and are known under the name lesser cornua and 
 styloid cornua, the Ossu pisifor'mia lingua'lia 
 of Sommering. The os hyoides is ossified from 
 five points. 
 
 Hyoides Primus, Sterneo-hyoideus. 
 
 HYOIDEUS, Hyoides. 
 
 HYOIDIS QUARTUS MUSCULUS, Omo- 
 hyoideus. 
 
 HYOSCY'AMUS, from 'uy, 'a swine,' and 
 Kvafios, ' a bean.' Faha suil'la, Bengi, Jusquiu- 
 mits, Hyoscyamus niger seu agres'tis, Apollina'- 
 ris, Alter'cum, Ag'one, Altercan'genon, Henbane, 
 Poison Tobac'co, Stinking nightshade, (F.) Jtis- 
 quiaume, Feve a Oochon, Hannebane, PoteUe. 
 The leaves and seeds are the parts used in medi- 
 cine. Their odour is narcotic and peculiar ; 
 taste insipid and mucilaginous. The virtues are 
 yielded to proof spirit. Hyoscyamus is narcotic, 
 anodyne, antispasmodic, and slightly stimulant. 
 It is used as a substitute for opium, where the 
 latter disagrees ; and is applied, externally, as a 
 cataplasm in cancer and glandular swellings. 
 Dose, gr. iij to x of the powder. 
 
 Hyoscyamus Agrestis, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 Hyoscyamus Albus, White Henbane, possesses 
 similar virtues. 
 
 Hyoscyamus Luteus, Nicotiana rustica — h. 
 Niger, Hyoscyamus — h. Peruvianus, Nicotiana 
 tabacum. 
 
 Hyoscyamus Scopolia, /ScopoZi'na atropoVdes. 
 The herb and root of this plant, which grows in 
 niyria, Hungary, Croatia, Gallizia, and Bavaria, 
 are used in the same cases as belladonna. Dose 
 of the powder, half a grain. 
 
 HYPACTICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 HYP^'MIA, from 'v-no, 'beneath,' and 'aijia, 
 'blood;' Oligrn'mia, Oligohm'mia, AncB'mia. De- 
 ficiency of blood. — Andial. Also, extravasation 
 of blood. 
 
 HYPAGOGE, Dejection. 
 
 HYPAGOGUS, Laxative. 
 
 HYPALEIM'MA, Hypalim'ma, Hypnle'ip'tum, 
 Hypalipi'tum, from 'vnaXtKpia, 'I anoint.' Aa 
 ointment or liniment to be rubbed or spread on 
 a part. 
 
 HYPALEIPTRIS, Hypaleiptrum. 
 
 HYPALEIP'TRON, Hypaleip'trum, Hypaleip- 
 tris, Hypah'pfrum, Specil'lum, Spatha. A sort 
 of spatula for spreading ointments. — Hipp. 
 
 HYPALEIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron. 
 
 HYPALEIPTUM, Hypaleimma. 
 
 HYPALIMMA, Hypaleimma. 
 
 HYPALIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron. 
 
 HYPAMAURO'SIS, from 'wo, 'under,' and 
 amaurosis ; Amaiiro'sis imperfee'ta. Imperfect 
 amaurosis ,• 3Ieramaiiro' sis. 
 
 HYPAPOPLEX'IA, from 'utto, 'under,' and 
 apoplexia. An incomplete attack of apoplexy. 
 
 HYPATMISMUS, Fumigation. 
 
 HYP ATM US, Fumigation. 
 
 HYPAUCHE'NIUM, from 'uto, 'under,' and 
 avxnv, 'the neck.' A pillow or cushion for the 
 neck. 
 
 HYPECCHORESIS, Dejection. 
 
 HYPECCHORETICUS, Laxative, 
 
 HYPELATUS, Cathartic, Laxative. 
 
 HYPENANTIOMA, Allopathy. 
 
 HYPENANTIOSIS, Allopathy. 
 
 HYPE'NE, 'virrivr). The beard which grows 
 under the chin, according to some. Also, the 
 upper lip. — Vesalius. See Mystax. 
 
 HYPER, 'uTTEp, 'above,' 'in excess.' Hence; 
 
 HYPERACU'SIS, Oryecdia, Hyperac'oe, 
 Phthongodyspho'r-ia, from 'vTep, 'above,' and aKor/, 
 'audition.' Excessive sensibility of the organ 
 of hearing. 
 
 HYPERADENO'SIS, Hyperadeno'ma, Hyper- 
 troph'ia glanduhi'rum, from 'vircp, 'in excess,' 
 and a?ir]v, ' a gland.' Hypertrophy of a gland. 
 
 HYPER^'MIA, Hyperhas'mia, Hcemorme'sii, 
 (F.) Hyperimie, Angiohemie, froir curp, 'nbcve,' 
 
HTPER^MIC 
 
 458 
 
 HYPERHORA 
 
 and 'aiva, 'blood.' Preternatural accumulation 
 of blood in the capillary vessels, more especially- 
 local plethora; congestion. — Andral. Various 
 forms of hyperaemia are admitted by patholo- 
 gists, — for example, the active or sthenic; as in 
 the phlegraasias, — the asthenic or ^jffss7ye, from 
 ■weakness of vessels ; the cadaveric, or that which 
 forms immediately before or after death ,• and the 
 hypostatic, which occurs in depending parts. 
 
 Hyperemia Abdominis, Coelicemia — h. Activa, 
 Infiammation — h. Capitis, Cephalsemia — h. of the 
 Brain, Stethsemia — h. Cerebri, Cephalasmia — h. 
 Pectoris, Stethasmia — h. Pulmonum, Stetbsemia 
 — h. of the Lungs, Stethaemia — h. Hepatic, He- 
 patoha3mia. 
 
 HYPERiE'MIC, HypercB'micvs, Conrjes'ted, 
 Bloodshot. Affected with hyperemia. 
 
 HYPERESTHESIA, Hyperaesthesis— h. Lin- 
 gua?, Hypergeustia — h. Olfactoria, Hyperosphre- 
 sia— h. Plexus cardiaci. Angina jjectoris. 
 
 HYPERESTHE'SIS, Hyperasthm' sia, Oxy- 
 aathe'sia, (P.) Hypiresthesie, from 'v-rtcp, 'above,' 
 and aia^ricig, ' the faculty of feeling.' Excessive 
 sensibility, impressibility, or passibility. 
 
 HYPERESTHET'ICA,same etymon. Agents 
 that are conceived to augment general sensibility 
 — as strychnia, brucia, &c. Pureira. 
 
 HYPJERAHTHERA MORINGA, Guilandina 
 raoringa. 
 
 HYPERANTHRAXIS, see Cholera. 
 
 HYPERAPH'IA, Oxyaphe, Oxyaph'ia, from 
 'vvtp, 'in excess/ and 'a(pr], 'touch.' Excessive 
 acuteness of touch. 
 
 HYPERAPHRODIS'IA, from 'vnep, 'in ex- 
 cess, and A^/)oi5iTi7, ' Venus.' Excessivcvenereal 
 desire. 
 
 HYPER ASTHENI'A, from 'vntp, 'in excess/ 
 and aa-Osutia, ' weakness.' Excessive debility. 
 
 HYPER AUXE'SIS, from 'vjrcp, 'over/ 'above/ 
 and av^rjms, 'augmentation.' Hyperepid'osis. 
 Excessive increase or enlargement of a part ,•— as 
 Mypera.uxe'ais Ir'idis, an excessive enlargement 
 of the iris, so as to stop up the pupil. 
 
 HYPERBOL'IC {attitude), from 'urcp, 'above, 
 over,' and jSuXXu, ' I throw.' 'Excessive.' Galen, 
 by this term, designates certain extraordinary at- 
 titudes, in which the limbs and vertebral column 
 are in a state of complete extension or flexion. 
 
 HYPERBO'REAlSr, from 'virep, 'beyond/ and 
 Popeag, ' the north wind.' A race of men found 
 at'the extreme north of the two continents, in the 
 vicinity of the polar circle. It includes the Thi- 
 betans, Ostiaks, Kamtschadales, Laplanders, Sa- 
 moiedes, Esquimaux, &c. 
 
 HYPERBU'LIA, from 'vncp, 'in excess/ and 
 povXv, ' "will.' Ungovernable will or volition. 
 
 HYPERCARDIA, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
 
 HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, hypertro- 
 phy of the. 
 
 HYPERCATAPINO'SIS, from 'vrep, 'in ex- 
 cess/ and Karainvuv, 'to sip up.' Excessive acti- 
 vity of absorption. 
 
 HYPERCATHAR'SIS, Hyperine'sis, Ihjperi- 
 nos, Superpurga' tio, Effrenita'tio, from 'virtp, ' in 
 excess,' and Ka^apais, 'purgation.' Superpurga- 
 tion. 
 
 HYPERCENO'SIS, from 'vntp, ' in excess,' and 
 <c£vw(T(f, ' evacuation.' Excessive evacuation, as 
 of blood, bile, &c. 
 
 HYPERCERASIS, Staphylcfma of the coi-nea. 
 
 UYPERCERATOSIS, Staphyloma of the cor- 
 nea. 
 
 HYPERCHOLIA, Polycholia. 
 
 HYPERCINE'SIA, Hypercine'sis, from 'uirtp, 
 'above, over,' and Kivrja-ts (kivew, 'I move/) 'mo- 
 tion.' Excessive motion. Under the term hy- 
 
 percinesis, Romberg includes the spasmodic neu- 
 roses. 
 
 Hypercinesia Nervosa, see Irritable — h- 
 Uterina, Hj'steria. 
 
 HYPERCINESIS GASTRICA, Hypochondri- 
 asis. 
 
 HYPERCONJONCTIYITE, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 HYPERCORYPHO'SIS, from 'v-aep, 'above/ 
 
 and Kopvcp-q, 'the vertex/ the extreme point of 
 
 anything. The lobes of the liver and lungs. — 
 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPERCRIN'IA, ITyjjerdiac'risis, Chymoee'. 
 mia, from 'vntp, 'above,' and Kpivo), 'I separate.' 
 A morbid increase in the quantity of the secre- 
 tions. 
 
 HYPER'CRISIS, same etymon. Snperexcre'- 
 tio, Super evaciia' tio. An excessive crisis, or eva- 
 cuation ; a flux. — A very violent, critical effort, 
 or too copious critical evacuations. — Galen. 
 
 HYPERCYESIS, Superfoetation. 
 
 H Y P E R D ERMATO'SIS, Hyperdermato'ma, 
 Hyperdermo'sis, JSyperdermo'ma, from 'vttsp, 'in 
 excess,' and btpua, 'skin.' Hypertrophy of the 
 skin. 
 
 HYPERDIACRISIS, Hypercrinia. 
 
 HYPERDIURESIS, Diabetes. 
 
 HYPERDYNAMIA, Hypersthenia. 
 
 HYPERDYNAMIC, ff7jperdynam'ioiis, from 
 'vTTcp, ' in excess,' and Swapts, ' strength.' Ap- 
 pertaining to or having the characters of hyperdy- 
 namia, or excessive strength — of the vital powers 
 more especially. 
 
 HYPERECHEMA, see Exaggerated. 
 
 HYPERECHESIS, see Exaggerated. 
 
 HYPEREM'ESIS, ITy2)eremes'ia; Vom'itus 
 profu'sus, from v-Ktp, 'in excess,' and tjutu, 'I 
 vomit.' Excessive vomiting after an emetic. 
 
 HYPEREMIE, Hypersemia — 7(. dn Cerveav, 
 Cephalohfemia — h. Cerehrale, Cephalohsemia — 
 h. du Foie, Hepatohfemia — h. de la Moelle epi- 
 niere, Hypermyelohsemia — h. des Poumons, gte- 
 thsemia. 
 
 HYPERENCEPHALOTROPEIE; from 
 'vTTtp, ' in excess,' fyK£.(pa\ov, ' the eneephalon,' 
 and Tpo(pv, 'nourishment.' Hypertrophy of the 
 eneephalon. — Piorry. 
 
 HYPERENCEPH'ALUS, from 'vTtep, 'above/ 
 and Ki:(pa'\ri, 'the head.' A monster whose ex- 
 cessive brain is situate in the skull. 
 
 HYPERENDOSMOSE, Inflammation. 
 
 HYPERENERGI'A, from 'vircp, 'in excess/ 
 and Evepyeia, 'activity.' Excessive activity, as 
 of the nervous system. 
 
 HYPEREPHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HYPEREPIDOSIS, Hyperauxesis. 
 
 HYPERERETHIS'IA, from 'wep, 'in excess/ 
 and cpedi^u), ' I excite.' Excessive irritability. 
 
 HYPERES'IA, 'vTTtptma, 'a ministry.' This 
 word is sometimes applied to the organs; — when 
 it means function. 
 
 HYPERESTHESIE, Hypertcsthesis. 
 
 HYPERETRIA, Midwife. 
 
 HYPERGEN'ESIS, from 'vTztp, 'in excess/ 
 and yevtaii, ' generation.' The excess of forma- 
 tive power, which gives occasion to monstrosities 
 by excess of parts. 
 
 HYPERGEUS'TIA, Hypergeu'sis, Eypera- 
 sthe'sia lingua, Oxygen' sia, from 'v-rcp, 'above,' 
 and ytuo-rif, 'taste.' Excessive sensibility of thi) 
 organ of taste. 
 
 HYPERHiEMATOSIS, Inflammation. 
 
 HYPERHiEJIIA, Ilyperfemia. 
 
 HYPERHEPA TO TR OP HIE, Hepatauxe. 
 
 HYPERHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HYPERHO'RA, from 'uirt/j, 'in excess,' and 
 
HYPERICUM 
 
 459 
 
 HYPHE 
 
 'atpa, 'time.' Premature development of tlie body, 
 or oi some part. 
 
 HYPERI'CUM BACCIF'ERUM, Arbus'cula 
 gummif era, Brazilieii'sis, Caa-opia. A Brazilian 
 tree, whose bark admits a juice, when wounded, 
 which resembles gamboge. 
 
 Hypericum Officinale, H. perforatum — h. 
 Offioinarum, II. perforatum. 
 
 Hypericum Perfora'tum, Hypericum, H. ojft- 
 cina'le seu officina' rum seu vulga're seu Vircjin'i- 
 cum, Fuga Dce'monum, Androsat'mum, Co'rion, 
 Perforated or Common St. John's Wort, (F.) Mil- 
 lepertuis ordinaire. It is aromatic and astrin- 
 gent, and enters into a number of aromatic pre- 
 parations j and, amongst others, into the Fall- 
 trancks. The Oil of St. John's Wort, O'leum 
 hyperici, Bal'samum hyperiei sim'plex, is made 
 by infusing ^iv. of the flowers in a quart of olive 
 oil. It is vulnerary. 
 
 Hypericum Vieginicum, H. perforatum — b. 
 Vulgare, H. perforatum. 
 
 HYPERIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HYPERINESIS, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 HYPERINOS, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 HYPERINO'SIS, Hyperplas'ma, from 'vazp, 
 'above,' and if, tvo?, 'flesh.' The condition of 
 the blood in which it contains an increase in the 
 proportion of fibrin, a decrease of the corpuscles in 
 proportion to the excess of fibrin, and an increase 
 of the fat, — as in inflammation. In proportion 
 to the increase of the fibrin and fat, and the de- 
 crease of the corpuscles, the whole solid residue 
 will be diminished. Also, morbidly increased 
 muscular activity.^Siebenhaar. 
 
 HYPERLYMPH'IA, (¥.)Hyperlymphie; from 
 'uiTEp, 'in excess,' and lympha. Excessive forma- 
 tion or accumulation of lymph, 
 
 HYPERMETR0HE3IIE, Metroh^mia. 
 
 HYPERMNE'SIA, from 'v-Kip, 'in excess,' and 
 fivaofxai, 'I recollect.' Excessive memory. 
 
 HYPERMYEOLOHiE'MIA, (F.) Hyperimie 
 de la Moelle Epiniere, Congestion sanguine rachi- 
 dienne, from 'uTrtp, 'in excess,' /jivcXos, 'marrow,' 
 and 'aLjia, 'blood.' Hyperaemia of the spinal 
 marrow. ^ 
 
 HYP ERNE PHROTROPHIE, from 'u^cp, 
 'in excess,' vtfpng, 'kidney,' and rpo<prj, 'nourish- 
 ment.' Hypertrophy of the kidney. 
 
 HYPERNEU'RIA, from 'vmp, 'in excess,' and 
 vevpov, ' a nerve.' Excessive nervous activity. 
 
 HYPERNEURO'MA, same etymon. Morbid 
 development of the neurine or nervous masses. 
 
 H Y P E R - PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pharyn- 
 geus. 
 
 HYPERO'A, from 'vir^p, 'upon,' and (oov, 'a 
 high place.' The palatine arch, — the base of the 
 cranium. 
 
 Hyperoa, Palate. 
 
 HYPEROI'TIS, Tnflamma'tio pala'ti, Angi'na 
 Palati'na, (F.) Inflammation du Palais; from hy- 
 peroa, 'the palate,' and itis, a suffix denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the velum palati. 
 
 HYPEROOCHAS'MA, from 'vTTspu)a, 'the pa- 
 late, and j(^a(rpa, 'an opening;' Lycos'toma, Pa- 
 la'tum fissum. Fissure of the palate. 
 
 HYPEROPSIA, Oxyopia. 
 
 HYPEROS, Pilum. 
 
 HYPBROSMIA, Hyperosphresia, 
 
 HYPEROSPHRE'SIA, Hyperos'mia, Eyper- 
 CBSthe'sia olfacto' ria, Olfac'tus acu'tus, from 'virep, 
 and oafpriaig, ' smeU.' Excessive acuteness of 
 smell. 
 
 HYPEROSTOSIS, Exostosis. 
 
 HYPERPATHI'A, from 'vKcp, 'in excess,' and 
 Kadoc, 'suffering.' Excessive sensibility in dis- 
 ease. 
 
 HYPERPHLEBO'SIS, from 'v-rrtp, 'in excess,' 
 and (pXt^p, 'a vein.' Too great development of 
 the venous system ; predominant venosity. 
 
 HYPERPHLEGMASIA, Hyperphlogosis. 
 
 HYPERPHLOGO'SIS, Epiphlogo'sis, Hyj^r- 
 phlegma'sia, Inflamma'tio peracu'ta, from 'wTrtp, 
 'above,' and ^Xoywais, 'inflammation.' A high 
 degree of inflammation. 
 
 HYPERPHRENIE, Mania. 
 
 HYPERPIMELE, see Polysarcia. 
 
 HYPERPLASMA, Hyperinosis. 
 
 HYPERPLEXIE, Ecstasis. 
 
 HYPERPNEUSTIA, Flatulence. 
 
 HYPERPRESBYTIA, Presbytia. 
 
 HYPERSARCHIDIOS, Physconia. 
 
 HYPERSARCO'MA, Hypersnrco'sis, Hype.r- 
 sarx'is, from 'vnip, ' above,' and o-apf, ' flesh.' A 
 soft fungous excrescence, especially such as ap- 
 pears upon ulcerated parts. — A fangosity. 
 
 HYPERSARCOSIS, Excrescence, Fungosity, 
 — h. Cordis, Heart, hj'pertrophy of the. 
 
 HYPERSARXIS, Hypersarcoma. 
 
 HYPERSPADIAS, Epispadias. 
 
 HYPERSPASMIA, Convulsion. 
 
 HYPERSPLENOTROPHIE, Splenoncus. 
 
 HYPERSPONGIA, Spina ventosa. 
 
 HYPERSTHENI'A, Hyperdyna'mm, Hyper, 
 zoodyna'mia. Status inflammato'rius verus ; from 
 'vrep, 'beyond,' and adivos, 'strength.' Super- 
 excitement. A morbid condition, characterized 
 by over-excitement of all the vital phenomena. 
 
 HYPERSTHENIC, Stimulant. 
 
 HYPERSTHENICUS, Active, Stimulant. 
 
 HYPERTON'IA, 'vrrtp, 'beyond,' and rovos, 
 'tone.' Excess of tone in parts. It is opposed 
 to atony. 
 
 HYPERTROPH^'MIA, from 'vwcp, 'above,' 
 Tpotlm, 'nourishment,' and 'aipa, 'blood.' A state 
 in which the plastic powers of the blood are in- 
 creased. 
 
 HYPERTROPHIA CEREBRI, Phrenauxe — 
 h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of the — h. Glan- 
 dularum, Hyperadenosis — h. Hepatis, Hepatauxe 
 — h. Intestinorum, Enterhypertrophia — h. Lienis, 
 Splenoncus — h. Splenis, Splenoncus — h. Uteri, 
 Metrauxe — h. Vesicge urinarise, Cystauxe. 
 
 HYPERTROPHIE BU CGEUR, Heart, hy- 
 pertrophy of the — h. du Foie, Hepatauxe — h. de 
 la Rate, Splenoncus — h. du Corps Thyroide, 
 Bronchocele. 
 
 HYPERTROPHIED, see Hypertrophy. 
 
 HYPERTROPHOUS, see Hypertrophy. 
 
 HY'PERTROPHY, Hyiiertrojih'ia, from 'vnip, 
 'beyond,' and rpotpri, 'nourishment.' The state 
 of a part in which the nutrition is performed with 
 greater activity ; and which, on that account, at 
 length acquires unusual bulk. The pai-t thus 
 affected is said to be hypertroj^hied or hypertro~ 
 phous. 
 
 HYPERURESIS, Enuresis — h. Aquosa, Dia- 
 betes. 
 
 HYPERURORRHEE, Diabetes— h. Sacoha. 
 rine, Diabetes (Mellitus.) 
 
 HYPERZOODYNAMIA, Hypersthenia. 
 
 HYPEX'ODOS, 'vne^oSos, from 'vno, 'beneath,' 
 and c^oSo;, 'passing out.' An alvine discharge 
 or flux. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPEZOCUS, Diaphragm, Pleura. 
 
 HYPHA, Texture. 
 
 HYPHEMA, Ecchymoma. 
 
 HYPH^MATO'SIS, from 'utto, 'under,' and 
 'aifiaTtaais, 'sanguification.' Morbidly diminished 
 hsematosis. — Sanguijica'tio debil'ior, 
 
 HYPH^MOS, Subcruentus. 
 
 HYPHE, Texture. 
 
HYPHYDR05 
 
 460 
 
 HYPOC(ELIUM 
 
 HTPHYDROS, Hydropic. 
 
 HYPINO'SIS, Hypoplas'ma, from 'vtto, 'un- 
 der,' and js, (i/oj, 'flesh.' The condition of the 
 blood in which the quantity of fibrin is frequently 
 less than in health, or if it amounts to the usual 
 quantity, its proportion to the blood corpuscles 
 is less than in health : the quantity of corpuscles 
 is either absolutely increased or their proportion 
 to the fibrin is larger than in healthy blood; the 
 quantity of solid constituents is also frequently 
 larger than in health. Such is the condition of 
 the blood in fevers, hemorrhages, and polysemia. 
 — Simon. 
 
 HYPN^STHESIS, Somnolency. 
 
 HYPNIA'TEPl, (F.) Hypniatre, from 'vmoi, 
 ' 'sleep,' and Larpoq, 'a physician.' A name given 
 to deluded or designing persons who have aSirmed 
 that they were able, during their 'magnetic sleep,' 
 to diagnosticate disease and its appropriate treat- 
 ment. 
 
 HYPNIC, Hyp'me.us, from 'uttvos, ' sleep.' An 
 agent that aifects sleep. — Pereira. 
 
 HYPNOBATASIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 HYPNOBATES, Somnambulist. 
 
 HYPNOBATESIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 HfPNOBATIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 H YPNO'DES, 'vvvuibrjq, from 'vto, 'under,' and 
 'urrv »j, 'sleep.' One in a state of slumber or som- 
 nolency. 
 
 HYPNODIA, Somnolency. 
 
 HYPiS[OLOG"ICA, Hypnolog"ice. The part 
 of hygiene which treats of sleep. 
 
 HYPNOL'OGY, Hypnolog"ia, from 'vttvos, and 
 Xoyof, 'a discourse.' Same etymon. A treatise 
 on sleep. The doctrine of sleep. 
 
 HYPNOiSrERGIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 HYPNOPOEUS, Somniferous. 
 
 HYPNOS, Sleep. 
 
 HYPNOSIS BIOMAGNETICA, Sleep, mag- 
 netic. 
 
 HYPNOTIC, Somniferous. 
 
 HYPNOTISM, Somnambulism, magnetic; see 
 Magnetism, animal. 
 
 HYPNOTIZED, see Mesmerized. 
 
 HYPO, 'uTTo, 'under,' ' suh.' In composition. 
 
 Hypo, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 HYPO^MA, Eechymoma. 
 
 HYPO^MIA, Eechymoma. 
 
 HYPOBLEPH'ARUM, from 'v-no, 'under,' and 
 i8X£0apov, 'eyelid.' Tumefaction under one or 
 both eyelids. Also, an artificial eye, placed un- 
 der the eyelids. 
 
 HYPOCAPNISMA, Suffimentum. 
 
 HYPOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation. 
 
 HYPOCARO'DES, Subsopora'tus, from 'vto, 
 ' under,' and Ka^os, ' a heavy sleep.' One who is 
 in a state approaching carus. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOCATHAR'SIS, from 'wtto, 'beneath,' and 
 (ca-Sapo-if, 'purgation.' Too feeble purgation. A 
 word opposed to hypercatharsis. 
 
 HYPOCATHARTICUS, Laxative. 
 
 HYPOCAUS'TUM, from 'vko, 'beneath,' and 
 /tajci), ' I burn.' A name given to a stove, or any 
 such contrivance, to sweat in. Also, a furnace 
 ir. any subterraneous place, used for heating 
 baths : — 'v-rtoKavarov, Balnea'rium, Vaiwra'rium. 
 
 HYPOCEPHAL^'UM, from 'wo, 'under,' and 
 %ifa!.ri, ' head.' A pillow for the head. 
 
 HYPOGERCHA'LEON, from 'vrro, and Kcp- 
 \a\toi, ' hoarse.' Roughness of the fauces affect- 
 ing the voice. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOOHLORETUM SULPHUROSUM, Sul- 
 phur, chloride of. 
 
 HYPOCHLOROM'ELAS, sxih-pal'lide m'gri- 
 cana, from "ur.., ■j^Aupoj, 'green,' and ficXas. 'black.' 
 
 A term applied to one whose skin is pale, wiUi a 
 blackish hue. — Hinpocr., Galen. 
 
 HYPOCHOILION, Abdomen. 
 
 HY'POCHONDRE, Hypochon' drium, Svhcar- 
 tilagin' exim, Re'gio Hypochondri' aca, Hypoehon'- 
 driac Region, from 'vro, 'under,' and ;y;oi'^pof, 'a 
 cartilage.' Each lateral and superior region of 
 the abdomen is so called, because it is bounded 
 by the cartilaginous margin of the false ribs, 
 which forms the base of the chest. There is a 
 right and a left hypochondrium. 
 
 HYPOCHON'DRIAC, Bypochondri'acits, Hy- 
 pochondri' acal, Va'poury, Va'p>oHrish, (F.) Hypo- 
 chondriaque. Same etymon. Belonging to hy- 
 pochondriasis. One labouring under hypochon- 
 driasis. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRIACISMUS,Hypochondriasis. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRIALGIA, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRIAQVE, Hypochondriac. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRI'ASIS. Same etymon. Alu'- 
 sia hypochondriasis, Morbus hypochondri' acus, M. 
 Resiccato'rius, M. Ructuo'sus, Malum hyp)ochon- 
 dri'acum, Hallucina' tio hypochondriasis, Hypo- 
 chondriacis'miis, Hypochondricis'mus, Dyspept'sia 
 hypochondriasis, Pas'sio hypochondriaca, Affec'- 
 tio hypochondriaca, Anathymi'asis, Hypercine'sia 
 gastrica, Spleiies, Melancholia nervea, M.fiatiio'- 
 sa, M. hypochondri' aca, Suffoca'tio hypochondri'- 
 aca. Morbus Jiatuo'siis, 3f. erndito'rum, Fomesven- 
 tric'uli. Ifypochondrism, Hypo, Spleen, Vapiours, 
 English Malady, Loio Spirits, (F.) Hypoehon- 
 drie, Maladie imaginaire, Maladie Anglaise, Af- 
 fection vaporeuse, Vapeurs. This disease is pro- 
 bably so called, from the circumstance of some 
 hypochondriacs having felt an uneasy sensation 
 in the hypochondriac regions. The disease seem? 
 really to be, as Pinel has classed it, a species of 
 neurosis, and of mental alienation, which is ob- 
 served in persons who in other respects are of 
 sound judgment, but who reason erroneously on 
 whatever concerns their own health. Hypochon- 
 driasis is characterized by disordered digestion, 
 without fever or local lesion ; flatulence ; borbo- 
 rygmi ; extreme increase of sensibility ; palpita- 
 tions ; illusions of the senses ; a succession of 
 morbid feelings, which appear to simulate the 
 greater part of diseases ; panics ; exaggerated 
 uneasiness of various kinds ; chiefly in what re- 
 gards the health, &c. Indigestion has usually 
 been considered the cause of hypochondriasis. 
 They are, unquestionably, much connected witli 
 each other : but there is every reason to believe, 
 that the seat of the affection is really, though 
 functionally, in the brain. The disease almost 
 always appears at the adult age, most commonly 
 in irritable individuals ; and, in those exhausted, 
 or rather in the habit of being exhausted, by 
 mental labour, overwhelmed with domestic or 
 public affairs, &c. 
 
 The treatment is almost entirely moral. The 
 condition of the digestive function must, however, 
 be accurately attended to. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRICISMUS, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRISM, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 HYPOCHOREMA, Excrement. 
 
 HYPOCHORESIS, Dejection, Defecation, Ex- 
 crement. 
 
 HYPOCHORETICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 HYPOCHYMA, Cataract. 
 
 HYPOCHYROSIS, Baryecoia. 
 
 HYPOCHYSIS H^MATODES,Hwmophthal. 
 mia. 
 
 HYPOCISTIS, Cvtinus. 
 
 HYPOCLEP'TICUM, from 'vno, 'beneath,' 
 and kXctttm, ' I steal.' A chymical vessel, fcr- 
 merlv used for separating oil from water. 
 
 HYPOCCELIS, Palpebra inferior. 
 
 HYPOC(ELIUM, Abdomen. 
 
HYPOCCELUM 
 
 461 
 
 HYPOPEDIUM 
 
 HTPOCCELUM, Hypocoilon, Palpebra inferior. 
 
 B.YP0C01''L0'S,Hij2}oc€e'lon,Hi/pocre'him,Hi/- 
 voc'ylum, from 'u-o, 'under/ and koiXov, 'a ca- 
 vity.' A cavity situate under the lower eyelid. 
 The lower eyelid itself. 
 
 HYPOCOPHOSIS, Baryecoia, Deafness. 
 
 HYPOCRA'NITJM (Apostejia), from 'utto, 'un- 
 der,' and Kpaviov, ' the cranium.' A collection of 
 pus between the cranium and dura mater. 
 
 HYPOCYLUM, Hypocoilon, Palpebra inferior. 
 
 HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
 
 HYPODERIS, Epideris. 
 
 HYPODERMAT'OMY,fl'y230(?erwiatoOT'ja,from 
 'v-ro, 'under/ &tpfia, ' the skin/ and to//i7j 'inci- 
 sion.' The section of subcutaneous parts, as of 
 tendons and muscles. 
 
 HYPODERMIS, Clitoris, Epideris. 
 
 HYPODERRHIS, Epideris. 
 
 HYPODESMA, Bandage. 
 
 HYPODYNAMIC, Adynamic. 
 
 HYPODYN'IA, from 'vno, 'under,' and o^wv;?, 
 'pain.' Dolor mitis sen lenis, A slight pain. 
 
 HYPOGALA, Hypopyon. 
 
 HYPOGASTRAL'GIA, from 'v^ToyasTpiov, 'the 
 hypogastrium/ and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the 
 hypogastrium. 
 
 HYPOGAS'TRIC, Hypogas'trims. Relating 
 or belonging to the hypogastrium. 
 
 Hypogastric Artekt, A. Tli'aca inter'na, A. 
 Hi' aca paste' rior, A. pelvienne — (Ch.), is the more 
 internal of the two branches into which the pri- 
 mary iliac divides. It descends into the cavity 
 of the pelvis, and gives off a considerable number 
 of branches, which arise, at times, separately; at 
 others, by common trunks. These branches are, 
 1. The posterior, i. e. the ilio-lumbar arteries, la- 
 teral, sacral, and gluteal. 2. The anterior, i. e. 
 the umbilical, vesical, and obturator. 3. The in- 
 ternal, the middle hemorrhoidal arteries, uterine, 
 and vaginal in women. 4. The inferior, i. e. the 
 ischiatic arteries, and internal pudic. 
 
 Hypogas'tric Gan'glion. a large nervous 
 ganglion, described by Dr. Robt. Lee as seated 
 on each side of the cervix uteri, immediately be- 
 hind the ureter ; which receives the greater num- 
 ber of the nerves of the hypogastric and sacral 
 plexuses, and distributes branches to the uterus, 
 vagina, bladder, and rectum. 
 
 Hypogastric Operation of Lithotomy, (F.) 
 Taille hypogastrique. The high operation, or 
 that practised above the pubes. 
 
 Hypogastric Plexus, P?e,TMSsot(s-mesenf^n9'«e 
 of Winslow, is situate at the lateral and posterior 
 parts of the rectum and the has fond of the blad- 
 der. It is formed by the sacral nerves and the 
 inferior mesenteric plexus, and gives oiT numerous 
 filaments, which accompany the arteries that pass 
 to the rectum and genital organs. 
 
 Hypogastric Yeix furnishes nearly the same 
 branches. 
 
 HYPOGASTRIOX, Abdomen, Hypogastrium. 
 HYPOGAS'TRIUM, Hypogas'trion, from 'u-o, 
 'under,' and yaarrip, 'the stomach or belly/ 
 Etron, rjTpjv. Venter imus, V. parvus, AqvMlic'- 
 vl'is, Samen, Rumen. The lower part of the ab- 
 domen. The Hypogastric region, Re'gio Jii/po- 
 gas'trica seu hypogas'tria, which extends as high 
 as three fingers' breadth beneath the umbilicus, 
 is divided into three secondary regions — one 
 ■middle or pubie, and two lateral or inguinal. 
 
 HYPOGASTROCE'LE, from 'vno, 'under/ 
 yao-TT7p, 'the stomach or belly/ and xjjX?;, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Hernia in the hypogastric region, occur- 
 ring through the separated fibres of the lower 
 part of the linea alba. See Hernia, hypogastric. 
 HYPOGASTRODID'YMUS, Did'ymus Sym- 
 phyohypogas'tricus, Ischiopa' ges, from 'vno, ' un- 
 
 der,' yacTrip, 'the belly/ and SiSv/ios, *a twin.' A 
 monstrosity in which twins are united by the 
 hypogastrium. — Gurlt. 
 
 HYPOGASTROBIXIS, Eventration. 
 HYPOGLOSSA, Hypoglottides. 
 HYPOGLOSSIA, Hypoglottides. 
 HYPOGLOSSIADENI'TIS, from 'vro, 'under/ 
 yXciJtro-a, 'tongue,' aSnv, 'a gland/ and itis, deno- 
 ting inflammation. Inflarnma'tio glanduJa' rvm 
 sublingua'lium. Inflammation of the sublL'>gual 
 gland. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIDIA, Hypoglottides. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIS, Ranula. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIUM, Ranula. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSUM, Ruscus hypoglossum, Ra- 
 nula. 
 
 HYPOGLOS'SUS, from 'vtto, 'under,' and 
 yXiDCTua, 'the tongue/ That which is under the 
 tongue. 
 
 Hypoglossus, Hypoglossal Nerve, Nerf Hypo- 
 glosse ou Grand Hypoglosse, Hypoglossien (Ch.), 
 Lingual N., Gustatory N., Lingua'lis Me'dius, is 
 the ninth p>air of nerves of many anatomists. It 
 arises by ten or twelve very fine filaments from 
 the grooves, which separate the corpora pyrarai- 
 dalia from the C. olivaria: issues from the cra- 
 nium by the foramen eondyloideum anterius; and 
 divides, near the angle of the jaw, into two 
 branches ; the one, the cervica'lis descendens or 
 descen'dens noni. It forms, with the cervical 
 plexus, a large anastomotic arch, and furnishes 
 branches to several of the muscles of the neck. 
 The other, the lingual branch, is the continuation 
 of the principal trunk, and gives its numerous 
 filaments to the muscles of the tongue and pha- 
 rynx. The ninth pair communicates motion to 
 the muscles to which it is distributed. 
 
 HYPOGLOTTIA, Hypoglottides. 
 
 HYPOGLOTT'IDES, (PILULiE,) Hypoglos'- 
 sia, Eypoglot'tia, Eypoglos'sa, Eypoglot'ta, Ey- 
 poglossid'ia, Pil'ulcB suhlingua'les. Pills placed 
 under the tonerue to dissolve there. 
 
 HYPO GLOTTIS, Ranula. 
 
 HYPOGLU'TIS, from 'vno, 'under,' and yXou- 
 TOi, 'the nates.' The lower and projecting part 
 of the nates. — Gorrteus. 
 
 HYPOGXATHADEX, Submaxillary gland. 
 
 HYPOGNATHADENI'TIS,ir^joos?"a/ade)n''?)".s, 
 from hypognathaden, the submaxillary gland, and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 submaxillary gland. 
 
 HYPOLEPSIOMANIA, Melancholy. 
 
 HYPO'MIA, from 'vno, 'under, and ujiog, 'the 
 shoulder.' The projecting part of the shoulder. — 
 Castelli, Galen. 
 
 Hypomia, Axilla. 
 
 HYPOMNESIS, Memory. 
 
 EYPONARTEEGIE, Eyponarthe'eia, from 
 'vno, 'under,' and vapBn^, 'a splint.' A term used 
 by M. Mayor for his mode of treating fractures 
 by position only, — the limb resting upon a pro- 
 perly cushioned Ijoard or splint. 
 
 HYPONEU'RIA. from 'un-o, 'under/ and vt-,- 
 pov, 'a nerve/ Morbidly diminished nervous 
 energy. 
 
 HYPOX'OMOS, Ulcus sultns dcjms'cens, from 
 'vno, ' under,' and v£//(i), 'I feed.' A deep fistula 
 or ulcer. 
 
 HYPON'YCHON, from 'vno, 'under,' and ovy^, 
 'the nail.' Ecchymo'ma Hypomjehon. Efiusion 
 of blood under a nail. 
 
 HYPOPATHI'A, Subaffec'tio, from 'vno, 'un- 
 der,' and naOos, ' disease.' A disease of a slight 
 character. 
 
 HYPOPATUS, Dejectio. 
 
 HYPOPE'DIUM, from 'vno, 'under,' and n-oof, 
 ' the foot/ A ca\Aplasm tor the sole of the foot 
 
HTPOPHASIS 
 
 462 
 
 HTPOXTS ERECTA 
 
 HYPOPH'ASIS, from 'vtto, 'under,' and <l)atvoi, 
 'I appear.' The state of the eyes in -which the 
 white only is seen through the opening of the 
 eyelids. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOPHLEGMAPIA, Sul)infiammatio. 
 
 HYPOPH'ORA, from 'vtto, ' under,' and <psp<o, 
 ' I carry ;' Ulcus sinuo' sum sen fistula' sum. A fis- 
 tulous ulcer. — Galen. A dejection. 
 
 HYPOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon. 
 
 HYPOPHTHAL'MION, from 'vrro, 'under,' 
 and o<p^aXnos, ' the eye.' That part under the eye 
 where tedema generally commences in chronic 
 diseases and in cachexia. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOPHYSIS, Cataract, Epigone — h. Cere- 
 bri, Pituitary gland. 
 
 HYPOP'ITYS LANUGINO'SA, American 
 Pine-sap, False Beech-drops, Birds' Nest. Indi- 
 genous ; flowering from June to August. Order, 
 Ericaceaj. Used as a nervine in the form of the 
 powdered root. 
 
 HYPO'PIUM, from 'uro, 'under,' and a<//, 
 'eye.' The part of the face under the eye: — a 
 black eye. 
 
 Hypopiitm Os, Mala3 os. 
 
 HYPOPLASMA. Hypinosis. 
 
 HYPOPLAST^'MA, from 'dtto, 'under,' vU(7- 
 TLKos, 'formative,' and 'aijia, 'blood.' Diminished 
 plasticity of the blood. 
 
 HYPOPLEURIUS, Pleura. 
 
 HYPOPO'DIA, Supplanta'Ua, Suppeda'nea, 
 from 'btto, ' under,' and ttovs, ' the foot.' Reme- 
 dies, as sinapisms, which are applied under the 
 foot. 
 
 HYPOP'YON', Hypop'yum, Ili/pophthal'mia, 
 Pyophthal'mia, Empije'sis seu Diapye'sis Oc'uli, 
 Oc'uhts purulen'tus, Lunella, Hypog'ala, Hypo- 
 pyum lac'teum, Pyo'sis, Ahacessus Oe'vU, Parnp'- 
 ais Stajohylo'ma purulenttim ; from 'vtto, 'under,' 
 and TTvov, 'pus;' because the pus is under the 
 cornea. This name has been given to small ab- 
 scesses between the laminEe of the cornea, as well 
 as to different purulent collections in the cham- 
 bers of the eye ; hence, some pathologists have 
 distinguished Hypop'yon of the chambers from 
 Hypop'yon of the Cor'nea, In abscesses of the 
 chambers, the purulent matter is mixed with the 
 aqueous humour, which it renders turbid ; and is 
 deposited particularly at the lower part of the 
 eye ; forming behind the cornea a kind of whitish 
 crescent, that rises more or less before the pupil, 
 and closes it entirely or in part. It requires the 
 use of local and general antiphlogistics, and sor- 
 befacicnts. At times, it is necessary to puncture 
 the cornea and evacuate the pus. 
 
 HYPOPYUM LACTEUM, Hypopyon. 
 
 HYPORIN'ION, Hyporrhin'inm, from 'vtto, 
 'under,' and piv, 'the nose.' That part of the 
 beard which grows beneath the nose. The mus- 
 taches. Also, the upper lip. 
 
 HYPORRHYSIS, Defluxion, Prolapsus. 
 
 HYPOSA'PRIJS, Suhputris, Putres'cens. Grow- 
 ing putrid. Slightly putrid. 
 
 HYPOSAR'CA, from 'vtto, 'under,' and napl, 
 'flesh.' Hyposarcid'iua, Anasarca. In Linne's 
 and in Cullen's Nosology, it is synonymous with 
 i^hyiconia. 
 
 ilYPOSARCIDIUS, Anasarca, Hyposarca. 
 
 HYPOSARCO'SIS, from 'vtto, 'under,' and 
 oupK(j)o-ii, 'a fleshy growth.' A small, fleshy 
 growth : — a wart. 
 
 HYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS, from 'vtto, 'un- 
 (inr, ciaywv, 'thi jawbone,' apOpov, 'a joint,' and 
 ■id's, denoting inflammation; Infiamma'tio arlie'- 
 vd ntaxil'lm iiiferio' ris. Inflammation of the joint 
 of the lower jaw. 
 
 HYPOSIALADENITIS, Hypognathadenitis. 
 
 HYPOSPA'DIA> from 'vtto, 'under,' and oraM, 
 ' I draw.' A malformation, in which the canal 
 of the urethra, instead of opening at the apex of 
 the glans, terminates at its base, or beneath the 
 penis, at a greater or less distance from the sym- 
 physis pubis. When the orifice of the urethra is 
 very near the root of the penis, the scrotum is 
 divided, as it were, into two great labia ; and 
 this malformation has often been taken for a ca&e 
 of hermaphrodism. Hypospadias is ordinarily 
 incurable ; and an idea has been entertained that 
 it is the cause of impotence. It is not exactly 
 so ; but it renders impregnation less probable. 
 
 HYPOSPA'DIAS, Hypospadia}' us, Hypospad'- 
 ieus. One aifected with hypospadia. 
 
 HYPOSPHAG'MA, from 'vtto, 'under,' and 
 0-00^0), ' I kill.' The coagulated blood, which is 
 collected when an animal is killed and used for 
 food. Also, an effusion of blood, especially under 
 the conjunctiva. 
 
 Hyposphagma, Hsemophthalmla. 
 
 HYPOSTAPHYLE, Staphyloedema. 
 
 HYPOSTAPHYLITIS, Staphyloedema. 
 
 HYPOS'TASES, from 'vro, 'under,' and trraais, 
 ' the act of placing.' Morbid depositions in the 
 body. 
 
 HYPOSTASIS, Sediment. 
 
 liYP0STAT'IG,Hy2>ostat'icus,{Tom 'v^o, 'un- 
 der,' and craats, 'stagnation.' Relating to hy- 
 postases, sediments or depositions. 
 
 Hypostatic Hyper^'mia. A congestion of 
 blood in the vessels of a part caused by its de- 
 pending position. 
 
 HYPOSTEMA, Sediment. 
 
 HYPOSTHENIC^ Contrastimulant. 
 
 HYPOS'TROPHE, 'vT:o<xTpo<pv, 'change of po- 
 sition,' from 'vtto, and orpf^w, ' I turn.' Act of a 
 patient turning himself. Also, a relapse or return 
 of a disease. — Hippoc, Foesius. 
 
 HYPOSYPH'ILIS, from 'vtto, 'under,' and 
 Syphilis. A mild form of syphilis. 
 
 HYPOTH'ENAR, ^'H6Vo?a, from 'vtto, 'under,' 
 and Scrap, 'the palm of the hand or sole of the 
 foot.' Hgjiothenar Eminence. The fleshy projec- 
 tion of the palmar surface of the hand, which cor- 
 responds with the little finger, and is supported 
 by the fifth metacarpal bone. This eminence ig 
 formed of four muscles : the Palmaris hrevis, Ad- 
 ductor minimi digiti. Flexor hrevis ininimi di- 
 giti, and Opponens minimi digiti. The name 
 Ilypothenar has also been given to diiferent mus- 
 cles of the hand. The Hypothenar min'imi digiti 
 of Riolan comprehended the Abductor, Flexor 
 brevis und Opponens minimi digiti/ and his mus- 
 cle, Hypiothenar pol'licis, corresponded to the Ab- 
 ductor, and a portion of the Flexor brevis ])ollicis. 
 Winslow called muscle petit hypothenar ou hypo- 
 thenar du petit doigt, the Adductor minimi digiti. 
 
 Hypothenar Minimi Digiti, Flexor parvus 
 minimi digiti — h. Minor metacarpeus. Abductor 
 minimi digiti — h. Riolani, Flexor parvus minimi 
 digiti. 
 
 HYPOTHETON. Suppositorv. 
 
 HYPOTIIYMIAMA, Fumigation. 
 
 HYPOTHYMIASIS, Fumigation. 
 
 JIYPO'TIUM, [Emplastrum ;) from 'vtto, 'un- 
 der,' and oDf, 'the ear.' Eynplastrum auricula' re ; 
 a plaster applied behind or under the ear. 
 
 HYPOTROPE, Relapse. 
 
 IIYPOTROPH'IA.from Wo, 'under,' and Tpo(;>;;, 
 ' nourishment.' Scanty nourishment, or nutrition. 
 HYPOTROPIASMUS, Relapse. 
 HYPOTRYGUS, Feculent. 
 HYPOUTRION, Abdomen. 
 HYPOX'YS ERECTA, Stargrase; indigo- 
 
HTPOZOMA 
 
 463 
 
 HYSTEROLOGY 
 
 nous ; Order, Amaryllidacese. The root is eaten, 
 and has been used as a vulnerary j and in chronic 
 ulcers and agues. 
 
 HYPOZO'MA, from 'v-o, 'under,' and ^wwupj, 
 ' I bind round ;' llemhrana succin'gens. A mem- 
 brane or septum, as the mediastinum, diaphragm, 
 &c. 
 
 HYPPOCRAS, Claret. 
 
 HYPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus. 
 
 HYPSILODES, OS, Hyoides, os. 
 
 HYPSILOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
 
 HYPSOPHO'NUS, from '«i/^of,' high,' and <^ cur)?, 
 ' voice.' One who has a clear loud voice. 
 
 HYPSOSIS, Sublimation. 
 
 HYPTIASMA, Supination. 
 
 HYPTIAS'MOS, from 'uTrna^w, 'I lie with the 
 face upwards.' Lying in a supine posture. Also, 
 inversion of the stomach, as in nausea, regurgi- 
 tation, or vomiting. — Hippocr., Galen. 
 
 HYPU'LUS, from 'viro, and ouAi;, 'cicatrix.' 
 Imperfectly cicatrized. 
 
 Ulecra Hi/pii'la. Ulcers healed at the top, but 
 ^ not at the bottom. 
 
 HYRA'CEUM. A substance found in the 
 Cape Colony, which Thunberg and other travel- 
 lers mistook for a kind of bitumen ; but, accord- 
 ing to Dr. Pappe, it is obtained from the urine of 
 the Klipdas or Hyrax Capeusis, which, when 
 passed, is thick and of a glutinous nature. The 
 animal is in the habit of evacuating the urine at 
 one spot, where its aqueous parts evaporate in 
 the sun — the more tenacious adhering to the 
 rock and hardening. 
 
 In smell, and medical properties, it most re- 
 sembles castor, which, according to Dr. Pappe, it 
 may replace. It is used by the Cape farmers in 
 nervous and spasmodic affections. 
 
 HYRAX CAPENSIS, see Hyraceum. 
 
 HYRTOCHEILIDES, Labia pudendi. 
 
 HYSSOP, Hjssopus — h. Hedge, Gratiola offi- 
 cinalis. 
 
 HYSSOPI'TES. Ancient name of a wine, of 
 which hyssop was the chief ingredient, and which 
 Dioscorides extolled in chronic inflammation of 
 the chest. It was regarded as diuretic and em- 
 menagogue. 
 
 HYSSO'PUS, from the Hebr. Azob, Cassi'la, 
 Hyssopus officina'Hs, Common hyssop. It has been 
 chiefly used as an aromatic, stimulant, and pecto- 
 ral, in the form of infusion. 
 
 HYSTERA, 'i)(rr£f)a,'ucrT£pi7, 'the uterus.' Hence: 
 
 Hystera, Seeundines. 
 
 HYSTERAL'GIA, Hysterodyn'ia, (P.) For- 
 traiture, from 'varspa, ' the uterus,' and a\yos, 
 'pain.' Pain in the uterus. Irritable uterus, (F.) 
 Nevralf/ie de V uterus. Hippocrates uses the epi- 
 thet Hysteral'ges, vuTtpakYVi, for any thing that 
 excites uterine pain ; and, especially, for vinegar. 
 
 Hysteralgia Catarrhalis, Metrorrheuma — 
 h. Galactica, Phlegmatia alba dolens — h. Lochi- 
 aiis, Dyslochia — h. Rheumatica, Metrorrheuma. 
 
 HYSTERATRE'SIA, from 'vartfa, 'the ute- 
 rus,' and aTf)riros, ' imperforate.' Imperforation 
 of the OS uteri. 
 
 HYSTERELCO'SIS,from 'vare^a, 'uterus,' and 
 'sXfcof, 'an ulcer.' U'teriexulcera'tio, U'teri ulcus. 
 Ulceration of the uterus. 
 
 HYSTERELOSIS, Hysteroloxia, 
 HYSTEREMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
 HYSTE'RIA, II. var/a, Hysterieia'muSyHysteris- 
 mus. Hysterias, Hysteri'asis, Hysterojiathi'n, Hy- 
 percine'sia uteri'na, IT. hyste'ria, Uteri adscen'- 
 eus, Siiffuca'tio hyster'ica, S. uteri'na, S. Mulie'- 
 rum. Asthma u'teri, Prce/oca'tio matri'cis seu 
 uteri'na, Syspa'si'a hysteria. Malum hyster'icum, 
 M. hTjstericohypochondri' acum, Vapo'rea uteri'ni, 
 
 Affec'tio hyster'ica, Paasio hysterica, Iforhas J>.y- 
 ster'icus, Strangula'tio uteri'na, S. VidvcB, Va- 
 pours, Hysier'ics, Hysteric Jit, (F.) Hysteric, Mai 
 de Mere, Maladie imaginaire. Passion hysterique, 
 Suffocation uterine, Etranglement, Epilepsie ute- 
 rine, Vapeurs, Manx de Nerfs, from 'varepa, 'the 
 uterus.' A species of nenrosis, classed amongst the 
 spasmi by Sauvages and CuUen, and in the Niv- 
 roses de la generation, by Pinel. It received the 
 name of hysteria, because it was reputed to have 
 its seat in the uterus. It generally occurs in 
 paroxysms ; the principal characters of which con- 
 sist in alternate fits of laughing and crying, with 
 a sensation as if a ball set out from the uterus 
 and ascended towards the stomach, chest, and 
 neck, producing a sense of strangulation. If the 
 attack be violent, there is, sometimes, loss of con- 
 sciousness (although the presence of conscious- 
 ness generally distinguishes it from epilepsy) and 
 convulsions. The duration of the attacks is very 
 variable. It appears to be dependent upon irre- 
 gularity of nervous distribution in very impressi- 
 ble persons, and is not confined to the female; 
 for well marked cases of hysteria are occasionally 
 met with in men. During the fit, — dashing cold 
 water on the face ; stimulants applied to the nose 
 or exhibited internally, and antispasmodics form 
 the therapeutical agents. Exercise, tranquillity 
 of mind, amusing and agreeable occupations con- 
 stitute the prophylactics. See Mania, dancing. 
 
 Hysteria Cataleptica, Catalepsy — h. Vaga, 
 Hysteria. 
 "hysterias. Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERIASIS, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERICA, see Hysterical. 
 
 HYSTERICAL, Hyster'icus, Va'pourish, Va'- 
 pouring, (F.) Hyste'rique. Same etymon as hys- 
 terical. Relating to, or affected with hysteria^ 
 
 The word hysterica was used by Martial for a 
 female affected with nymphomania or with strong 
 sexual desires. 
 
 HYSTERICISMUS, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERICS, Hysteria. 
 
 EYSTERIE, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERISMUS, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERITES, Hydrometra. 
 
 HYSTERITIS, Metritis, Hydrometra. 
 
 HYSTEROCARCINOMA, Metrocarcinoma. 
 
 HYSTEROCE'LE, from 'varcpa, 'the womb,' 
 and KjyXi?, ' hernia.' Hernia uteri, Hernia of the 
 ■womb. This is a rare disease. The womb may 
 protrude through the inguinal or the crural canal, 
 or through the lower part of the linea alba. 
 
 Hysterocble Nuda, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 HYSTEROCOLICA, Coliea uterina. 
 
 HYSTBROCNES'MUS; from'vcrcpa, 'uterus,' 
 ^nd Kvrjirnos, 'itching.' Pruritus of the uterus or 
 genitals. 
 
 HYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy. 
 
 HYSTERO-CYSTIC, Hys'terocys'ticus, from 
 'varepa, 'the uterus,' and Kvang, 'the bladder.' 
 Relating to the uterus and bladder. Some au- 
 thors have called. Hysfero-cystic Retention of urine, 
 that which is caused by the compression of the 
 bladder by the iiterus, during pregnancy. 
 
 HYSTERO-CYSTOCE'LE, from 'vanpa, 'the 
 womb,' (cDo-Tif, ' the bladder,' and Kn\n< ' ^ tumour.' 
 Hernia of the uterus complicated with disjjlace- 
 ment of the bladder. 
 
 HYSTERODYNIA, Hysteralgia. 
 
 HYSTERCEDEMA, Hydrometra. 
 
 HYS'TEROID, Hystero'des, Ilysteroi'des, from 
 'hysteria,' and uiog, 'resemblance.' Resembling 
 hysteria; — as a hysteroid disease, symptom, &o. 
 
 HYSTEROL'OGY, Hysterolog"ia, from 'varrpa, 
 'the uterus,' and Xoyos, 'a description.' A trea- 
 tise: on the sound and morbid uterus. 
 
HYSTEROLOXIA 
 
 464 
 
 lATROTECHNA 
 
 HTSTEROLOX'IA, Hysterelo'sis, Oliq'ultas 
 u'teri, Situs ohli'quus uteri, Flexio seu Versio in- 
 comjple'ta uteri, Inclina'tio uteri, Metrolox'ia, Me- 
 trocnmps'is, Uterus ohli'quus, JJ. Inclina'tits ; from 
 'vcnpa, ' the uterus/ and Xo^og, ' oblique.' An 
 oblique position of the uterus, occurring during 
 pregnancy. Anteversion of the uterus, Hystero- 
 I'lx'ia anterior, Anteversio uteri, Prona'tio uteri, 
 Venter propendens ; and Retroversion of the ute- 
 rus, Hysterolox'ia posterior, Hetrover'sio uteri, 
 Meflex' lo uteri eompleta, are varieties. 
 
 HYSTER0MALA'CIA,2r^sferoOTaZaco'sw,%- 
 Kteromalaco'ma, 3Ietromalaco'sis, 3fetromalaco'ma, 
 Malaoo'sis uteri, Emollit"ies uteri morbosa, Pu- 
 treseen'tia u'teri grav'idi, from 'vcripa, 'the ute- 
 rus,' and jiaXaKia, ' softness.' Softness of the ute- 
 rus during pregnancy, which renders it liable to 
 rupture in labour. 
 
 HYSTEROMALACOMA, Hysteromalacia. 
 
 HYSTEROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 HYSTEROMOCHLIUM, Lever. 
 
 HYSTERON'CUS, from 'viyrcpa, 'the uterus,' 
 and oyKog, ' tumour.' Ttimor uteri. A tumour of 
 the uterus. 
 
 HYSTERO-PARAL'YSIS, from 'varepa, 'the 
 uterus,' and -rapaXvcTt;, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of 
 the uterus. 
 
 HYSTEROPATHI'A, from 'vcrrspa, 'the ute- 
 rus,' and TTado;, ' suffering.' Disease or suffering 
 in the uterus. Also, hysteria, and deuteropathia. 
 
 HYSTEROPHYSE, Physometra. 
 
 HYSTEROPH'YSIS, from 'varepa, 'the ute- 
 rus,' and (pvcTj, ' wind.' Distention of the uterus 
 with air; Emphysema uteri. 
 
 HYSTEROPLEGIA, Hysteroparalysis. 
 
 IIYSTEROPOLYPUS, Metropolypus. 
 
 HYSTEROPSOPHIA, Physometra. 
 
 liYSTEROPTO'SIS, from'^uorspa, 'the womb,' 
 and Trruitrij, 'fall;' Prolapsus uteri. Also Inversio 
 uteri, Anas'trophe uteri. In a general sense, a 
 protrusion of any of the genital organs or of ex- 
 
 crescences from them into the genital passages ; 
 ^doptosis. 
 
 Hysteboptosis, Prolapsus uteri — h. Vaginae 
 prolapsus, Prolapsus vaginae. 
 
 HYSTERORRHAGIA SANGFINEA, Me- 
 torrhagia. 
 
 HYSTERORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the. 
 
 HYSTERORRHGEA, Metrorrhagia— h. Mu^ 
 cosa, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 HYSTEROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 HYSTEROSCIRRHUS, Metroscirrhus. 
 
 HYS'TEROSCOPE, from 'vcrepa, 'the uterus,' 
 and cKoTTco), ' I view.' A metallic mirror, used in 
 inspecting the state of the os uteri for throwing 
 the rays of a taper to the bottom of the speculum 
 uteri. — Colombat de I'lsere. 
 
 HYSTEROSTOMA, Os uteri. 
 
 HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS, from 'vcrrepa, 'the 
 womb,' cTOfia, 'orifice,' and tcjivilv, 'to cut.' An 
 instrument invented by Coutouly for dividing the 
 OS uteri, when it is important to deliver immedi- 
 ately, as in cases of convulsions. 
 
 HYSTEROSTOMIUM, Os uteri. 
 
 HYSTEROTOM'IA, Hysterot'omy. Same ety- 
 mon as Hysterotomus. Csesarean section. Also, 
 dissection of the uterus. 
 
 HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA, Cesarean section. 
 
 HYSTEROT'OMUS, from 'vurepa, 'the womb,' 
 and Tqivciv, 'to cut.' An instrument for dividing 
 the womb through the vagina. It is a kind of 
 Bistouri cache, and is intended to divide the cer- 
 vix uteri. 
 
 HYSTREMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
 
 HYSTRIASIS, Hystriciasis. 
 
 HYSTRICI'ASIS, Eystri'asis, Hys'trix, Hys- 
 tricis' Dixis, Oerostro' sis, Tricho'sis seto'sa, from 
 'uo-TEpif, ' a hedgehog or porcupine.' A disease 
 of the hairs, in which they stand erect like the- 
 quills of the porcupine. 
 
 HYSTRICISMUS, Hystriciacis. 
 
 HYSTRIX, Hystriciasis. 
 
 HYVES, Hives. 
 
 I. 
 
 TAMA, Medicament. 
 
 lAMATOLOGY, Materia medica. 
 
 lAMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA, see Prescrip- 
 tion. 
 
 lAMATOSYNTAXIS, see Composition. 
 
 TAMATOTAXIOLOGIA; see Prescription. 
 
 lASIMOS, Curable. 
 
 lASIS, Curation. 
 
 lATERIA, Medicina. 
 
 lATERIUS, Medicinal. 
 
 lATRALEIP'TICE, latraliptiee (Ars), Tafra- 
 leiptic method; same etymon. The method of 
 treatiiig diseases adopted by the latraleiptes, — 
 that is, by friction chiefly. 
 
 lATRALEP'TES, latraleip'tes, latralip'ta, la- 
 trohip'tes, Med'icus Unguenta'rius ; from larpos, 
 ' a physician,' and aXti^u, 'I anoint.' One who 
 treats diseases by unguents, frictions, and by ex- 
 ternal means generally. Prodicus, a disciple of 
 ^jsculapius, was the chief of the latraleptes. 
 
 TATRALIPTES, latraleiptes. 
 
 lATRALIPTICE, latraleiptice. 
 
 rATREUSIOLOG"IA, from mr/jcuo-i;, ' the ex- 
 ercise of the art of healing,' and Xoj/of, ' a de- 
 scription.' The doctrine of the exercise of the 
 healing art. — Reil. 
 
 lATREUSIS. The exercise of the healing art. 
 
 lATRIA, Medicine. 
 
 lATRICE, Medicina. 
 
 lATRI'NE, Medicina. Also, a female practi- 
 tioner of medicine ; a midwife. 
 
 lATRI'ON, latre'on, I'dtron. The house or 
 office of a physician or surgeon. Also, the phy- 
 sician's fee or honorarium. 
 
 lATROCHEMIA, Chymiatria. 
 
 lATROCHYMIA, Chymiatria. 
 
 IATROGISrOM'ICA,/a^)-o7«om'/ce/ from larpoi;, 
 'a physician,' and ytvoaKio, 'I know.' A know- 
 ledge of medical objects. — Hufeland. 
 
 lATROLEIPTES, latraleiptes. 
 
 IATROLOG"IA, latrol'ogy, from larpog, 'a 
 physician,' and \oyog, ' a description.' A treatise 
 on physic and physicians. 
 
 lATRO - MATHEMATICAL PHYSICIANS, 
 latromathemat'ici. Mechanical physicians. 
 
 lATROMECHANICI, Mechanical physicians. 
 
 lATRON, latrion. 
 
 lATROPHYSICS, Physics, medical. 
 
 lATROSOPHIS'TA. from larpos, 'aphysician,' 
 and (To<pt(TTrii, ' one skilled in an art or science.' 
 A learned, or theoretically educated physiciah. 
 
 lATROTECH'NA, latrotech' nes ; from tarpbf, 
 
lATROTECHXICE 
 
 465 
 
 IDEA 
 
 * a physician,' and rg^vri, ' art.' A practical pliy- 
 sician or surgeon. 
 
 lATROTECHNICE, Mediciua, Therapeutics. 
 
 lATRUS, Physician; also, a surgeon. 
 
 IBERIS, Lepidium iberis. 
 
 Ibe'his Ama'ra, Bitter candytuft, (F.) Passe- 
 rage. A small herbaceous plant, Orel. Cruciferse, 
 indigenous in Europe, which was employed, of 
 old, in gout, rheumatism, <fcc. The seeds have been 
 used, in the dose of one to three grains, in asthma, 
 bronchitis, dropsy, and hypertrophy of the heart. 
 It is said to possess acro-narcotic properties ; but 
 it is not much used. 
 
 Iberis Bursa Pastoris, Thlaspi bursa — i. 
 Campestris, Thlaspi campestre — i. Sophia, Car- 
 damine pratensis. 
 
 IBICUIBA, Becuiha, Becuihn nnx. A species 
 of nut from Brazil, the emulsive kernel of which 
 is ranked amongst balsamic remedies. 
 
 IBIS, i;Sif. A bird held sacred by the Egyp- 
 tians. When sick, it is asserted that it was wont 
 to inject the water of the Nile into its fundament: 
 whence, according to Langius, was learned the 
 use of glysters. 
 
 IBISCHA MISMALVA, Althaea. 
 
 IBISCUS, Althfea. 
 
 IBIXUMA, Saponaria. 
 
 ICE, Sax. i)', Gla'cies, Frozen loater, (F.) Glace. 
 Iced water is much used internally, as the best 
 refrigerant in fever. It is, also, applied exter- 
 nally, in cases of external inflammation, as well 
 as in phrenitic and hernial affections, <tc. 
 
 ICE-COLD, Icy cold, (F.) Froid glacial. A 
 very strong morbid sensation of cold, compared 
 by the patient to that which would be produced 
 by the applieadon of pieces of ice. 
 
 ICELAND, MINERAL WATERS OF. Hot 
 springs are found in every part of Iceland. The 
 most noted of these is one called Geyser, two 
 days' journey from Hecla, and near Skalholt. 
 The diameter of the basin is 59 feet; and the 
 height to which the water is thrown is often more 
 than 100. The heat of the water is 212°. 
 
 ICE-PLANT, Mesembryanthemum crystalli- 
 num, Monotropa uniilora. 
 
 ICHNUS, ixvos. The foot. The sole of the foot. 
 The heel. 
 
 ICHOR, iX'^P) ^chos. The serum of the blood, 
 Sanies, Sordes, Virus, Pus mcdig'num, Tahum. 
 A thin, aqueous, and acrid discharge. 
 
 ICHOROIDES, Ichorous. 
 
 TCH'OROUS, Tchoro'sus, Ichoroi'des, Sanio'- 
 sits, Sa'niovs. Belonging to or resembling ichor. 
 
 ICHTHYA, Hook, blunt. 
 
 ICIITHYOCOL'LA, from ix^vg, 'a. fish,' and 
 KoWa, ' glue.' Colla Pis'cium, I'singlass, Fish- 
 glue, (F.) Ichthyocolle, Colie de Poisson. A name 
 given to the dried iish-bladder of the Acipenser 
 huso, and other species of acipenser, which is al- 
 most wholly composed of gelatin, apd is employed 
 in medicine in the formation of nutritive jellies. 
 It is, also, occasionally used in anatomical injec- 
 tions. The English Court Plaster is made with it. 
 
 ICHTHYOPH'AGISTS, Ichthyoph'agi, from 
 (;\;S-us, ' a fish,' and (jiayoi, ' I eat.' People who 
 feed habitually on fish ; — generally the most un- 
 civilized of mankind. 
 
 ICHTHYOPHAGOUS, Piscivorous. 
 
 IGHTHYOSE, Ichthyosis. 
 
 ICHTHYO'SIS, from ix^vq, 'a fish,' from the 
 resemblance of the scales to those of a fish. Le- 
 pido'sis Ichthyi'asis, Lepra Ichthyo'sis, Lepido'- 
 ais Ichthyo'sis, Alvaras nigra (Arab.), Impeti'go 
 excorticati'va, (F.) Ichthyose ; Fishskin, Porcu- 
 pine Disease. A permanently harsh, dry, scaly, 
 and, in some cases, almost horny texture of the 
 Integuments of the body, unconnected with in- 
 ternal disorder. "Willan and Bateman have two 
 30 
 
 varieties, I. simplex and /. cornea. Alibert haa 
 three, the /. nacree or pearly, the /. cornee, and 
 the /. pellagre or Pellagra. 
 
 Ichthyosis Pellagra, Pellagra. 
 
 Ichthyosis Seba'cea, Seha'ceous Ichthyo'sis. 
 A morbid incrustation of a concrete sebaceous 
 substance upon the surface of the epidermis, con- 
 founded, according to Mr. E. Wilson, with ich- 
 thyosis, to which it bears a close resemblance. 
 In many cases there is neither redness nor heat, 
 nor is the affection often accompanied by consti- 
 tutional sj'mptoms. 
 
 ICHTIIYOTOX'ICUM, from i:;^^^?, 'a fish,' 
 and To^iKov, 'a poison.' Fish poison. 
 
 I'CICA ARACOUCHI'NL Aracouchini is a 
 balsam, extracted by incision, from this ti-ee in 
 Guyana. The Galibis use it for healing wounds. 
 
 IcicA IciCARiBA, SCO Amyris elemifera. 
 
 lOTFRE, Icterus — i. Bleu, Cyanopathy — i. 
 des Nouveau-nis, Icterus infantum — i. Noire, 
 Melsena. 
 
 ICTERIC FEVER, REMITTING, see Re- 
 lapse. 
 
 ICTERICUS, Antiicteric. Also, relating to, 
 or resembling Icterus, — Ictero'des. 
 
 ICTERITIA ALBA, Chlorosis— i. Flava, Icte- 
 rus — i. Rubea, Erysipelas — i. Rubra., Erysipelas. 
 
 ICTERODES, Ictericus. 
 
 ICTERUS, Ic'terus flavus, I. vents, from iktu, 
 a species of weasel, whose eyes are yellow (?) 
 Morbus arcuu'tua vel arqua'tus, Auru'go, Auri'go, 
 3Iorhus regiiis. Morbus lute'olus, Cholelith'ia icte- 
 rus, CholihcB'mia, CholcB'mia, Cholopla'nia, Cho- 
 lo'sis, Bermatocholo'sis, Suffu'sio aurigino'sa seu 
 fellis seu bills, Icteritia fiava, II' eus flavus, I. Ic- 
 tero'ides, Cachex'ia icter'ica, Fellis suffu'sio, Fel- 
 lis obstruc'tio, F. Superfu' sio, Bil'ious Dyscrasy, 
 Jaundice, Yelloics, (F.) Ictere, Jannisse, Bile re- 
 pandue. A disease, the principal symptom of 
 which is yellowness of the skin and eyes, with 
 white faeces and high-coloured urine. It admits 
 of various causes ; in fact, any thing which can 
 directly or indirectly obstruct the course of the 
 bile, so that it is taken into the mass of blood and 
 produces the yellowness of surface ; — the bile 
 being separated by the kidneys, causes yellowness 
 of urine, and its being prevented from reaching the 
 intestine occasions the pale-coloured faeces. The 
 prognosis, in ordinary cases, is favourable; — when 
 complicated with hepatic disease, unfavourable. 
 The treatment is simple : — an emetic or purga- 
 tive, given occasionally so as to elicit the return 
 of the bile to its ordinary channels; light tonics; 
 unirritating diet; cheerful company, &c. 
 
 Icterus Aldus, Chlorosis. 
 
 Icterus Infan'tum, /. Neonato'rum, Ptp.dict'- 
 erus, Auri'go neophyto'rum, Yelloio gum, Yclloio 
 gown, (F.) Ictere des nouveau-nea, is a common 
 affection and frequently dependent upon obstruc- 
 tion of the choledoch duct by the meconium. It 
 requires time; and castor oil, occasionally. 
 
 Icterus Melas, Meljena — i. Neonatorum, I. 
 infantum — i. Niger, Melajna. 
 
 Icterus Saturni'nus, Lead jaundice. The 
 earthy-yellow hue in saturnine cachexy. 
 
 ICTODES FCETIDUS, Dracontium foetidum. 
 
 ICTUS. 'A stroke or blow;' Plege, Pl.aga, 
 Ictus soils, a stroke of the sun. See Coup de so- 
 ldi. Ictus, also, means the pulsation of an artery, 
 and the sting of a bee or other insect. 
 
 Ictus, Blow — i. Cordis et arteriarum. Pulse — 
 i. Sanguinis, Apoplexy — i. Solis, Coup de soleil. 
 
 IDE'A, Idea, Ido'lum, Idcach (? Paracelsus) 
 (F.) Idee. The image or representation of an 
 object in the mind; from a(5a), 'I see.' 
 
 Ide'a, Fixed or Predom'inant, Idea fixri, 
 Ideopeg'pH<. Tension of the mind on o:ae notioui 
 often observed in insanity. 
 
IDEACH 
 
 466 
 
 ILEO 
 
 I'dea Morbi. Knowledge or idea of a disease. 
 
 IDEACH, Idea. 
 
 IDEAGENOUS, Sentient. 
 
 IDE'AL, Idea'lis. Mental, notional, fancied. 
 
 Moi-hi ideales. Ideal diseases. Diseases of 
 the imagination. 
 
 IDEE, Idea. 
 
 IDEN'TITT (PERSONAL), Iden'titas, from 
 idem, ' the same.' Sameness. It is sometimes a 
 question in legal medicine to decide upon per- 
 sonal identity : that is, whether an individual be 
 the same he represents himself to be. Physical 
 marks form the great criteria. 
 
 IDEOL'OGY, Ideolocfia, from ti&b>, '1 see,' 
 and Xoyog, ' a discourse.' The science of ideas. 
 Intellectual philosophy. 
 
 IDEOPEGMA, Idea, fised. 
 
 IBEOSYNCHYSIE, Delirium. 
 
 IDIANGEA, Idiotism. 
 
 IDIOCRASIS, Idiosyncrasy. 
 
 IDIOCTONIA, Suicide. 
 
 IDIO-MIASMATA, see Miasm. 
 
 IDIOPATHI'A, Idiopathei'a, Protopathi'a, 
 Pro'priiw affectus, Morbus idiojiath'icus seu pro- 
 prius seu prima'rius seu protopath' icus seu ori- 
 gina'lis, Malum pjrima'rium, from t^ios, 'peculiar, 
 propel-,' and -na^os, 'an affection.' A primary 
 disease ; one not depending on any other. 
 
 IDIOPATH'IC, Pro'prio hab'itu seu Constitn- 
 tio'ne 2}>'o'p''ia, pendens, Idiopath' icus, Idiopt'a- 
 thes. Primary affections and their symptoms are 
 so denominated. 
 
 IDIOPTCY, Achromatopsia. 
 
 IDIOPTS, see Achromatopsia. 
 
 IDIOSYNGRASIA, Idiosyncrasy— i. Hajmcr- 
 rhagiea, Hoematophilia — i. Olfaetoria, Parosmia. 
 
 IDIOSYN'CPtASY, Idioc'rasy, Idiosyn'crasis, 
 Idiosyncra'sia, IdiotropJi'ia, Jdioc'rasis, Idiosyn- 
 cris'ia, from iSio;, 'peculiar,' irvv, 'with,' and 
 Kpaais, ' temperament.' A peculiarity of consti- 
 tution, in which one person is affected by an 
 agent which, in numerous others, would produce 
 Lo effect. Thus shell-fish, bitter almonds, pro- 
 duce urticaria in some, by virtue of their idiosyn- 
 crasies. Others faint at the sight of blood, &e. 
 
 ID'IOT, Idio'ta, 'foolish, stupid, ignorant.' 
 Now used for one who is fatuous, or who does 
 not possess suf5cient intellectual faculties for the 
 social condition, and for preserving himself from 
 danger, — Homo fat' uus. In law, one who has 
 been without understanding from his birth, and 
 whom the law presumes to be never likely to at- 
 tain any. 
 
 IDIOTIA, Idiotism. 
 
 IDIOTIE, Idiotism. 
 
 ID'IOTISM, Idiotis'mus, Idioti'a, Tdianoe'a, 
 Lrbecil'litas mentis; Mo'ria demens, Anae'a, ifo'- 
 ria, Moro'sis, 3Ieio'sis, Fatn'itas, Amen'tia, Stu- 
 pid' itas, Vecor'dia, Imbeeill'itas Inrje'nii, Id'iocy, 
 Jd'iotcy, Fatii'ity. (F.) Demenee innee, Idiotisme, 
 Idiotic. Same etymon. A species of unsound 
 mind, characterized by more or less complete ob- 
 literation of the intellectual and moral faculties. 
 It may supervene on mania and melancholia, 
 when it is termed Demen'tia, but more commonly 
 it depends upon original conformation. It may 
 also, be symptomatic of organic disease of the 
 brain, which has come on after birth. Idiotism 
 exists in various degrees. Some idiots are mere 
 automata, exhibiting scarcely any sensibility to 
 external impressions; others are capable of arti- 
 culjiting a few words, and possess certain mental 
 emotions to a limited extent. The physiognomy 
 is usually vacant, step unsteady, and articulation 
 imperfect or broken. The affection is almost al- 
 ways incurable ; but it may often be palliated. 
 IDIOTISME, Idiotism. 
 IDIOTROPHIA, Idiosyncrasy. 
 
 IDOLUM, Hallucination, Idea. 
 
 IDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 IF, Taxus baccata. 
 
 IFFIDES, Plumbi subcarbonas. ^ 
 
 IGDE, Mortar. 
 
 IGDIS. Mortar. 
 
 IGNA'TIA AMA'RA, Strychnos Igna'tii, Ig- 
 natia'na Philippin'ica. The systematic name 
 of the plant which affords St. Ignafiiis's Bean. 
 Faba In'dica, Faba Sancti Igna'tii, Fabafebrif- 
 nga, (F.) Ignatie, Feve de Saint Ignace. The 
 seeds are bitter and poisonous, containing Strych- 
 nia; which see. 
 
 IGNATIE, Ignatia amara. 
 
 IGNAVIA, Inertia — i. seu Ignavitas partium 
 genitalium. Impotence. 
 
 IGNIS, 'fire.' Hence: 
 
 Ignis Actualis, Cauterium — i. Animalis, Ani- 
 mal heat. 
 
 Ignis Cal'idus. *A hot fire.' A violent in- 
 flammation, about to degenerate into gangrene. 
 
 Ignis Columella, Erysipelas. 
 
 Ignis Frig"idus. 'A cold fire.' Sphacelus. 
 
 Ignis ISTATtrRALis, Animal heat. 
 
 Ignis Persicus, Anthrax, Herpes zoster — i. 
 Philosophicus, Phosphorus — i. Potentialis, see 
 Cauterium — i. Sacer, Erysipelas, Herpes zoster — 
 i. Sancti Antonii, Erysipelas. 
 
 Ignis Sapien'tium. The ancient name for the 
 heat of horses' dung. 
 
 Ignis Sylvat'ictjs, /. sylves'tris, I. volat'ieus, 
 I. vola'grius, Stroph'idus sylves'tris, S. volat'iciw, 
 (F.) Fen sanvage, F. volage, Flamboise. Proba- 
 bly, the Porri'go larva'lis or Crusta lactea of in- 
 fants. Also, a transient redness of the face and 
 neck, sometimes observed in hysterical and ehlo- 
 rotic females. 
 
 Ignis Sylvestris, I. sylvaticus — i. Vitalis, 
 Animal heat — i. Volagrius, I. sylvaticus — i. Vo- 
 laticus, I. sylvaticus. 
 
 IGNIVOROUS, Pyrophagus. 
 
 IGNYE, Poples. 
 
 IGNYS, Poples. 
 
 ILAPHIS, Arctium lappa. 
 
 ILEA. Flanks. 
 
 ILECH, Y'lecTi, Ilei'as, Maa'ter, Ylia'ter, Eli- 
 as'ter, Ilias'trum, Ilei'ados, Ilei'dos, Ilei'adiim, 
 Ili'adus. Terms used by Paracelsus to desig- 
 nate the first matter: — the beginning of every 
 thing. 
 
 ILEIADOS, Hech. 
 
 ILBIADUM, Hech. 
 
 ILEIAS, Hech. 
 
 ILEIDOS, Hech. 
 
 ILEI'TIS ; from ileum, 'the intestine ileum,' 
 and itis, a sufiBx denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the ileum. 
 
 ILEO-CHOLOSIS, Diarrhoea, bilious. 
 
 IL'EO-COLIC, Peo-col'icvs. Relating to the 
 ileum and colon : — as the ileo-colic valve or valve 
 of Banhin. 
 
 ILEO-COLITIS, Enteritis. 
 
 ILEO-DICLIDITE, see Typhus. 
 
 ILEO-LUMB AR, Ileo-lumba'lis, Rio-liimba' ris. 
 Belonging to the ilium and lumbar region. 
 
 Ilf,o-t,t'mbar Artery, Rio-lumbar artery, Ili- 
 nro-mus'odfir, (Ch.) is given off by the hypogas- 
 tric, opposite the base of the sacrum. It ascends 
 behind the psoas muscle, and divides into two 
 branches; — an ascending and a transi'e.rse, which 
 give off numerous ramifications to the neighbour- 
 ing parts. 
 
 Ii.EO-i.ujfBAR Ligament, Ilio-tumhar Lig'a- 
 ment, Ilio-lumbo-ver'tehral liijament, Vertihrn- 
 iliac ligantcnt, is a broad, membraniform, trian- 
 gular ligament, extending horizontally from the 
 transverse process of the 5th lumbar vertebra) to 
 
ILEON 
 
 467 
 
 ILIASTRUM 
 
 tbe upper and posterior part of the iliac crest. It 
 unites the vertebral column with the pelvis. 
 
 IL'EON, Il'eum, Eil'eon, Il'iitm, Infesti'num 
 circumvolu'tum, from etXetv, 'to turn,' 'to twist/ 
 Anatomists have given this name to the longest 
 portion of the small intestine, which extends 
 from the jejunum to the csECum. It was so 
 called, from its forming a considerable number 
 of convolutions. 
 
 ILEOPYRA, see Typhus. 
 ILBOSIS, Ileus. 
 ILEO-TYPHUS, see Typhus. 
 JLES, Flanks. 
 
 IL'EUS, Eil'eos, from tiXfu, * I twist or con- 
 tract.' Co'lica Ileus, Enterele'sia, Enterelo'sis, 
 Oolica spasmod'ica, Reus spasmod'ieiis, Chordap' - 
 sus, Passio Ili'aea, Hiac Passion, Vol'vulus, Peo'- 
 sis, ilisere're mei, Oonvol'vulus, ToiTtien' turn, In- 
 tercep'tio Intestino'rum, Enterosteno'sis volvulus, 
 (F.) Colique de Misericorde, C. de Miserere. A 
 disease, characterized by deep-seated pain of the 
 abdomen, stercoraceous vomiting, and obstinate 
 constipation. It is occasioned by hernia or other 
 obstruction to the passage of the fseces through 
 a part of the intestinal canal, Enterosto'sis. The 
 term Ileus has been applied to various affections 
 — to simple nervous colic, intussusception, and to 
 strangulation of the small intestine, &c. Various 
 remedies have been employed; — the majority for 
 the purpose of procuring alvine evacuations, — as 
 purgatives, in draught, pill, or glyster; supposi- 
 tories, tobacco glysters ; pure mercury j leaden 
 bullets ; antispasmodics and narcotics ; blisters 
 to the epigastrium ; ice by the mouth, or injected 
 into the rectum. Some of these have, occasion- 
 ally, succeeded, — especially the tobacco glyster, 
 and ice to the tumour, where the disease has been 
 occasioned by strangulated hernia. It is very 
 dangerous. 
 
 Ileus Flatus, Icterus — i. Icteroides, Icterus 
 — i. Inflammatorius, Enteritis. 
 
 ILEX AQUIFO'LIUM. The systematic name 
 of the Common Holly, Aqui/o'lium, Agrifo'lium, 
 (F.) Houx, H. commim on Chene vert. The leaves 
 of this plant have been recommended as tonic, 
 astringent, and antiseptic, and have been pre- 
 scribed in atonic gout ; intermitients ; dyspepsia, 
 &c. Il'icine, the active principle, has also been 
 advised. It is obtained by dissolving the alco- 
 holic extract of the leaves of the holly in water, 
 and successively treating it with the subacetate 
 of lead, sulphuric acid, and carbonate of lime. 
 The filtered and evaporated product is then dis- 
 solved in alcohol ; and the mixture filtered and 
 evaporated in shallow vessels. 
 Ilex Cassine, Ilex vomitoria. 
 Ilex Major. From the berries of this tree, 
 called by the Spaniards Bellotas, a juice may be 
 expressed, which forms a slightly astringent 
 emulsion with water, and has been recommended 
 by some Spanish physicians in humid cough, hae- 
 moptysis, &c. 
 
 Ilex Mate, Hex paraguensis. 
 Ilex Opa'ca, American Holly, grows through- 
 out the Atlantic portion of the United States. It 
 is said to possess the same properties as the Eu- 
 ropean variety. 
 
 Ilex Paraguen'sis, Vihur'num IcBviga'tum seu 
 Cassinoi'des, Oassi'ne Perag'ua seu Carolinia'na, 
 I. Hate ; a native of Paraguay, which affords 
 the celebrated Mattee, or Mate, Folia Apalachi- 
 nes seu Per'agucB, is drunk in place of the Chinese 
 tea by the people of Paraguay. 
 
 Ilex Vomito'ria, Ilex Casi'ne, Cassi'na, Ba- 
 lloon holly, Apalaeh'ine Gallis, South-Sea Tea, 
 Ev'ergreen Oassi'ne, Cassee'na, Yaiipon, ITopon, 
 (F.) The dee Apalaches, Houx Apalachine, Apa- 
 lachine, The de la Mer dti Sud. A tree, indige- 
 
 nous in the southern parts of the United States. 
 The leaves, when dried, are aromatic, stimulant, 
 stomachic, and expectorant, and are used as a 
 tea. When fresh, they are emetic and cathartic. 
 ILIA, Flanks. 
 
 ILIAC, Ili'acus, from Ilia, 'the flanks.' Re- 
 lating to, or connected with, the flanks. 
 
 Iliac Arteries, Arte'ricB Iliacce. This term, 
 has been given to several arteries. The Primary 
 Riacs, (F.) A. Riaques primitives, — Pelvicruralcs, 
 (Ch.) arise from the bifurcation of the aorta, op- 
 posite the body of the 4th lumbar vertebra, and 
 descend, in a divergent manner; until, opposite 
 the sacro-iliac symphysis, they divide into two 
 considerable trunks, — the internal Iliac or hypo- 
 gastric (which see)" and the external Iliac — Por- 
 tion Iliaque de la crurale, (Ch.) This proceeds 
 from the sacro-iliac juncture as far as the crural 
 arch, when it assumes the name Femoral Artery. 
 Before passing under the arch it gives off two 
 pretty considerable branches, — the Epigastric, 
 and the Circumflexa Ilii. This last, which is 
 called, also, anterior Iliac by some anatomists, — 
 Girconflexe de I'llium; (Ch.) leaves the external 
 iliac at the crural arch. It ascends along the 
 outer edge of the iliacus muscle, and divides into 
 two branches — an internal and an external. 
 
 The Iliaca Inter'na Minor vel Ilio-lumbul'is is 
 a small artery, which sometimes arises from the 
 hypogastric ; at others, from the beginning of the 
 gluteal. It is sent, chiefly, to the psoas and ilia- 
 cus internus muscles. 
 
 Iliac Crest, Crista Il'ii, is the upper margin 
 of the ilium. (F.) Crete Iliaqne. It is very thick, 
 and curved like the Italic ^S*. It aftords attach- 
 ment to the broad muscles of the abdomen. 
 
 Iliac Foss^ are two in number; the internal,. 
 the depression presented by the ilium on its inte- 
 I rior, and at the upper part in which the Iliacus 
 internus is lodged : — and the external, an excava- 
 tion on the outer surface of the same bone, occu- 
 pied by the Ghitwi muscles. 
 
 Iliac Muscle, Internal, Ili'acus internus 
 Muscle, Iliacus, Riaco-trochanterien (Ch.) ; Fe- 
 mur moven'tinm sep'timus. Iliac mnscle, is situate 
 in the fossa iliacfi, and at the anterior and supe- 
 rior part of the thigh. It is broad, radiated, tri- 
 angular ; and is attached, above, to the two upper 
 thirds of the fossa iliaca, and to the internal part 
 of the iliac crest: — below, it terminates by a ten- 
 don, which is common to it and the psoas mag- 
 nus, and is fixed into the lesser trochanter. When 
 this muscle contracts, it bends the pelvis on the 
 thigh, and conversely. It is also a rotator of the 
 thigh outwards, and prevents the trunk from 
 falling backwards. 
 
 Iliac Passion, Hens, 
 
 Iliac Regions, Regio'nes ili'acce, Inan'ia, are 
 the sides of the abdomen between the ribs and 
 the hips. 
 
 Iliac Spines, Spinous Proc" esses of the Rium, 
 are four in number. They are distinguished into 
 anterior and posterior. Of the anterior, one is 
 superior. It bounds the crista ilii anteriorly, and 
 aftords origin to the sartorius muscle. The other 
 is inferior, and receives the tendinous origin ■* 
 the rectus femoris. 
 
 The two Posterior Iliac Spines are divided, 
 like the anterior, into superior and inferior. They 
 afford insertion to strong ligaments, which unite 
 the ilium with the sacrum. 
 
 ILIACO-TROCHANTERIEN, Iliacus inter- 
 nus. 
 
 ILIACLTS, I. internus — i. Externus, Pyramid- 
 alis. 
 
 ILIADUS, Hech. 
 
 ILIASTER, Ilech. 
 
 ILIASTRUM, Ilech 
 
ILlNGOS 
 
 468 
 
 IMPACTION 
 
 ILIISTG OS, Vertigo. 
 
 ILI0-ABJ)03IINAL, Obliquus internus abdo- 
 minis — i. Aponevrosi-femoral, Fascia lata muscle 
 — i. Costal, Quadratus lumborum — ?. Cresti-tihial, 
 Sartorius — i. Femoral, Coxo-femoral — i. Hypo- 
 gastricus (nervus), Museulo-eutaneous nerve, su- 
 perior — i. Inguinal, Museulo-eutaneous nerve, 
 inferior — i. Isohii-trochanterien, Glutseus mini- 
 mus — i. Lomho-costo-ahdominal, Obliquus in- 
 ternus abdominis — i. Lumbalis, Ileo-lumbar, see 
 Iliac arteries — i. Lumhi-costal, Quadratus lumbo- 
 rum— i. Lumbo-vertebral ligament, Ileo-lumbar- 
 ligament. 
 
 IL'IO-PECTINEA, belonging to the ilium and 
 to the peeten or pubis. 
 
 Ilio-pectineal Emine>-ce is so called from 
 being formed by the junction of the ramus of the 
 ilium with that of the pubis. It affords attach- 
 ment to the psoas minor. 
 
 Ilio-pectinea Linea, Linea innomina'ta, is 
 the projecting line or ridge of the ilium and pu- 
 bis, which forms part of the brim of the pelvis. 
 
 JLIO-PBETIBIAL, Sartorius. 
 
 Ilio-Psoi'tis, from Ilium, 'the ilion,' ^/oa;, 
 • the loins,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the ilium and psoas muscle. 
 
 ILIO-PUBO- OOSTO-ABDOBIINAL, Obli- 
 quus externus abdominis — i. Botidien, Rectus fe- 
 moris — i. Sacral, Sacro-iliac — i. Sacral articula- 
 tion, Sacro-iliac articulation — i. Sacro-femoral, 
 Glutseus major — i. Scrotal nerve, Museulo-euta- 
 neous, superior — i. Trochanterien, Glutseus me- 
 dius — 1. Trochanterien petit, Glutseus minimus. 
 
 IL'IOX, Il'ium, Il'eum, Haunch hone. The 
 largest of the three bones which constitute the 
 OS innominatum in the foetus and child. It was 
 probably so called from its seeming to support 
 the intestine ilion ; or, perhaps, because its crest 
 is curved upon itself, from ti\m, '1 twist,' 'I 
 roll.' This portion of the os innominatum is 
 usually so called in the adult. The posterior 
 surface is called Dorsum, the internal Venter. 
 The upper semicircular edge is the Crista or 
 Spine, at the anterior part of which is the ante- 
 rior and superior spinous process/ and, below, 
 the anterior and inferior spinous process. At the 
 back part of the spine are two spiinous processes, 
 the posterior and superior, and posterior and in- 
 ferior. See Iliac. 
 
 ILITHYI'A, %i\uBvia, Luei'na, Juno Lucina. 
 The goddess who presided over parturient fe- 
 males, with the Greeks and Romans. 
 
 ILIUM, Ileum, Ilion. 
 
 ILKESTON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Ilkeston is in Derbyshire, England, about eight 
 miles from Nottingham. The water contains car- 
 bonates of lime and soda, chloride of calcium, 
 sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonic 
 acid, sulphohydric acid, and a little ii'on. 
 
 ILLACHRYMATIO, Epiphora. 
 
 ILLECEBRA, Sedum — i. Major, Sedum tele- 
 phium. 
 
 ILLECEBRUM VERMICULARE, Sedum. 
 
 ILLEGIT'IMATB, i7%iVi»iM», from i7,w, 'ne- 
 gation or opposition,' and legitimvs, 'legitimate;' 
 from lex, legis, ' law.' That which is contrary to 
 law : which has not the conditions required by 
 law, — as an illegitimate birth — one out of wedlock. 
 
 Illegit:mate oi Bastard Fevers are those 
 whose progress is anomalous. 
 
 ILLIC'IUM ANISA'TUM, Yellow-fowered 
 Anise, An'iseed Tree, Star Anise, Ani'sum stella'- 
 }'im, Anisuni Sinen'se, Semen Badinn, (F.) Anis 
 de la Chine, A. etoile, Badiane. Fam. Magno- 
 liacese. Sex. Syst, Polyandria Polygynia. The 
 seeds are used like the aniseed. The same tree is 
 
 supposed to furnish the aromatic bark, called 
 Cortex Ani'si Stella'ti, Cortex Lavola. 
 
 Illicium Anisatum is said to furnish much of 
 the so called Oil of Anise, used in the United 
 States. 
 
 Illicitjm Florida'ntim, Florida Anise Tree, 
 Star Anise, Sweet Laurel. An evergreen shrub, 
 the bark, leaves, &c., of which have a spicy odour 
 like anise, and might be used for it. 
 
 Illicium Parviflo'rum, a shrub of the hilly 
 regiong of Georgia and Carolina, has a flavour 
 closely resembling that of sassafras root. 
 
 ILLINITIO, Inunction. 
 
 ILLITIO, Inunction. 
 
 ILLITUS, Inunction. 
 
 ILLOS, Eye, see Strabismus. 
 
 ILLO'SIS, Ilo'sis, from iXXo?, 'the eye.' Dis- 
 tortion of the eyes. Strabismus. 
 
 ILLUSIO SENSUS, Hallucination. 
 
 ILLUSION, Hallucination. 
 
 ILLUTAMENTUM, see Illutatio. 
 
 ILLUTA'TIO, from il, in, 'upon,' and lutum, 
 'mud.' A word used, by the ancients, for the 
 act of covering any part of the body with mud, — 
 illutamen'tum — with therapeutical views. 
 
 ILOSIS, Illosis. 
 
 IMAGINA'TION, Imagina'tio, Figiira'tio, 
 Phanta'sia, Bianoe'ma, from imago, 'image.' 
 The faculty of forming in the mind an assem- 
 blage ef images and combinations of ideas which 
 are not always in connexion with external ob- 
 jects. 
 
 IMBALSAMATION, Embalming. 
 
 IMBECIL'ITY, Imhecil'litas, Stnpid'itas, He- 
 hetu'do an'imi. Weakness, especially of the in- 
 tellect; incoherency; Imhecil'litas mentis. 
 
 IMBECILLIS, Infirm. 
 
 IMBECILLITAS INGENII, Idiotism, Imbe- 
 cility — i. Mentis, Idiotism, Imiiecility — i. Ven- 
 triculi, Gasterasthenia. 
 
 IMBELLIS AD VENEREM, Frigid. 
 
 IMBER'BIS, Imher'hxis, Agenei'os, Apo'gon, 
 from im, in, 'negation,' and barba, 'beard.' One 
 devoid of beard. 
 
 IMBIBITIO, Absorption, Imbibition, 
 
 IMBIBIT"ION, Imbihit"io, Emp'osis, Endos- 
 mose. Aspiration, from imbihere {in, and hihere), 
 'to drink, to imbibe.' The action, by which a 
 body becomes penetrated by a liquid. See En- 
 dosmose. Many of the phenomena of absorption 
 are owing to imbibition. 
 
 IMBREX NARIUM, Septum narium. 
 
 IMBRICARIA SAXATILIS, Lichen saxatilis. 
 
 IMMERSUS, Subscapularis muscle. 
 
 IM'MINENCE, Imminen'tia, from im, and ma- 
 nere, ' to stay.' Staying over, or upon ; impend- 
 ing. Some authors have designated, by this 
 term, the period which precedes the invasion of 
 a disease ; when certain indications foretell its 
 approach. 
 
 nnilNENCE 3I0RBIDE, Diathesis, Predis- 
 position. 
 
 IMMISSIO CATHETERIS, Catheterismus. 
 
 IMMISSOR, Catheter. 
 
 IMMOBILITAS, Acinesia— i. Pupillse, Amau- 
 rosis. 
 
 IMMODERANTIA, Intemperance. 
 
 IMMODERATIO, Intemperance. 
 
 IMMOVABLE APPARATUS, see Apparatus, 
 immovable. 
 
 IMMUTANS, Alterative. 
 
 IMPACTION, Impac'tio, from impingere (in, 
 and pangere), ' to strike against.' A fracture of 
 the cranium, ribs, or sternum, vith depression of 
 some of the fragments and projection of othera 
 externally. See Ecpicsma. 
 
IMPATIENS 
 
 469 
 
 INCARCERATION 
 
 IMPA'TIENS BALSAMI'NA, Balsam weed, 
 Touch-jne-not. This probably resembles the other 
 species in its properties. 
 
 Impa'tiens Fulva and I. Pal'lida, Tonch- 
 me-not, Jewel toeed, Balsam iceed, Slippers, Cel'- 
 andine, Quick-i n-the-hand, Weath'er cocks. Indi- 
 genous plants, having tender, juicy, almost trans- 
 parent stems, and yellow flowers, which appear 
 in July and August. It is found in low, moist 
 ground, in every part of the Union. The pro- 
 perties are probably the same as those of 
 
 Impa'tiens Noli-me-tan'gere of Europe, which 
 has an acrid taste, and acts as an emetic, cathar- 
 tic, and diuretic. 
 
 IMPEDIMENTUM, Emphragma. 
 
 IMPERATO'RIA, /. Ostru'thium, Seli'num 
 ostru'thium, S. Imperato' via, Angel'ica officina'lis, 
 AstrutMum, OstrutMum, Astran'tia, Magistran' - 
 tia, Masterwort, (old F.) Austruche. The roots 
 of this plant were formerly considered divinum 
 remedium. They are merely aromatic and bitter, 
 and are not used. 
 
 liiPERATORiA Sylvestris, Angelica sylvestris. 
 
 IMPERFORATE, Atretus. 
 
 IMPERFORATIO, Imperforation — i. Ani, 
 Atresia ani adnata, Proctatresia — i. Pupillse, 
 Synezizis — i. Uteri, Metratresia. 
 
 IMPERFORA'TION, from im, 'in,' per, 
 'through',and/orare, 'to bore.' Imperfora'tio,Atre' - 
 sia, Atretis'mus, Cap'etus. Absence of a natural 
 aperture ; as, of the mouth, anus, vulva, nostrils, 
 &c. It is congenital, being depcHdent upon faulty 
 conformation. 
 
 IMPERFORATION BE L'ANUS, Atresia 
 ani adnata. 
 
 IMPE'RIAL. A pleasant, cooling drink, formed 
 fif bitartrate of potassa, §ssj one lemon, cut into 
 slices ; toMie sugar, R)ss ; and water, Oiij. Let 
 the mixture stand for half an hour, and strain. 
 
 IMPETiaiNOSITAS, Impetigo. 
 
 IMPETI'GO, iiom.impeto, 'I infest.' Impeti- 
 ginos'itas, Darta, Ber'hia, Im'petus, Peti'go, Ec- 
 pye'sis impeti'go, Phlysis impeti'go. Lepra squam- 
 mo'sa, Running Seall or Tetter, Crusted Tetter, 
 Ptuttular or Humid Tetter, Scall, Cowrap, (F.) 
 Bartre, B. crustaeie, B. crodteuse, Lepre Jiumide, 
 Jlelitagre. A word used in various acceptations. 
 With some writers it is synonymous with itch. In 
 others, it means a variety of herpes. Sauvages 
 employs it as a generic term, under which he 
 comprises syphilis, scorbutus, rachitis, elephanti- 
 asis, the itch, tinea, scrofula, &c. It forms, also, 
 a genus in the class CachexicB of Cullen. In 
 Bateman, it is the first genus of the 5th order, 
 Pustules, and is defined — the humid or running 
 tetter; consisting of small pustules, denominated 
 Psydracia. It is unaccompanied by fever ; not 
 contagious, or communicable by inoculation. He 
 has five species: — the I. figura'ta, I. sparsa, 
 J. erysipelato'des, I. scah'ida, and /. rodens. See 
 Psoriasis. 
 
 Impetigo Excokticativa, Ichthyosis — i. Fi- 
 gurata, Porrigo lupinosa — i. Pellagra, Pellagra 
 — i. Ulcerata, Zerna. 
 
 IMPETUM FACIENS, Enormon. 
 
 IMPETUS, Impetigo, Paroxysm. 
 
 IMPLICATIONES RETICULARES NER- 
 VORUM, Plexus nervorum. 
 
 IMPLIC'ITI MORBI, Implica'ti seu compli- 
 ca'ti Morbi. Diseases, which exist in an organ; 
 and produce, concurrently, disorders in other 
 organs. 
 
 IMPLUVIUM, Embrocation, Bath, shower. 
 
 IMPOSTHUME, Abscess. 
 
 IM'POTENCE, Acrati'a, Impoten'tia, I. gene- 
 ran'di, Agenne'sia, Agen'nesis, Igna'via seu Ig- 
 nav'itas partium genita'lium, (F.) Impuissance ; 
 from im, 'priv.,' and votens, ' able.' Loss of power 
 
 over one or more of the members. Commonly, it 
 means want of sexual vigour; incapacity for co- 
 pulation; and chiefly on the part of the male. 
 Asty'sia, Astyph'ia, Asyno'dia, Adynamia viri'lis. 
 It has, also, been used synonymously with steri- 
 lity. Impotence may be absolute or relative, con- 
 stitutional or local, direct or indirect, permanent 
 or temporary. 
 
 IMPOTENTIA, Adynamia, Impotence— i. Ge- 
 nerandi, Impotence. 
 
 IMPOVERISHED, Effe'fus, Bepaupera'tus, 
 (F.) Appativri. 'Having become poor;' origi- 
 nally from (L.) joaM/ier, 'poor.' The Humorists 
 applied this epithet to a humour, deprived of a 
 part of its constituents, and particularly to the 
 blood. This fluid was considered to be impove- 
 rished when it was pale, without the proper con- 
 sistence, and abounding in serum. It was, on 
 the contrary, rich, in their opinion, when of a 
 scarlet colour ; possessing consistence ; when it 
 coagulated promptly, and the quantity of serum, 
 compared with that of the clot, was by no means 
 considerable. 
 
 IMPR^GNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 IMPREGNATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 IMPRESSIBILITY, GREAT, Hypersesthesis. 
 
 IMPRES'SION, Impres'sio {in, and premere, 
 pressum, 'to press'), Pros'bole, (F.) Empreinte. 
 A more or less deep indentation which certain 
 organs seem to make on others. Inequalities 
 observable on the bones, which appear to be 
 made by the subjacent organs. 
 
 Impres'sions Dig"ital, Impressio'nes digita'tcB 
 cra'nii. Fossa digita'les, are the depressions of 
 various forms, observable at the inner surface of 
 the cranium, wjiich look, at first view, as if they 
 were made with the fingers. 
 
 IMPU'BER, Impu'bes, Impu'his, Ane'bus, Ca- 
 pilla'tus, from in, 'negation,' and. pubertas, 'pu- 
 berty.' (F.) Impuhere. One who has not attained 
 the age of puberty. 
 
 IMPUBES, Impuber. 
 
 IMPUDICUS, see Digitus, 
 
 IMPUISSANCE, Impotence. 
 
 IMPULSE, DIAS'TOLIC, Back stroke of the 
 heart. A jog or stroke which has been termed 
 the 'back stroke,' felt at the end of each pulsa- 
 tion, and which would seem to be owing to the 
 refilling of the ventricles. 
 
 Impulse op the Heart, see Heart. 
 
 IMPURITATES ALVIN^, Fteces. 
 
 INANIA, Iliac regions. 
 
 INANITIATED, see Inanitiation. 
 
 INANITIA'TION, Inanitia'tio, same etymon. 
 The act of being exhausted for want of nourish- 
 ment. One so exhausted is said to be inanitiated. 
 
 INANIT"ION, Inanit"io, Inan'itas, from ina- 
 nire, ' to empty.' Ceno'sis. Exhaustion for want 
 of nourishment. To die from inanition is to die 
 from exhaustion. ' 
 
 INAPPETENTIA, Anorexia, Dysorexia. 
 
 INARTIGULATIO, Enarthrosis. 
 
 INAURA'TION, Inaura'tio, from in, and au- 
 rum, 'gold.' The gilding of pills or boluses. 
 
 INCANTAMENTUM, Charm. 
 
 INCANTA'TION, Incanta'tio, Incantamen'- 
 tiim, Ep'ode, from in, and cantare, ' to sing,' — 
 for example, a magical song. A mode of curing 
 diseases by charms, &c., defended by Paracelsus, 
 Van Helmont, and others. 
 
 INCARGERA'TIO, Chatonnement, Incarcera- 
 tion — i. Intestinorum interna, Enteremphraxia 
 — i. Intestinorum, Enteroperistole. 
 
 INCARCERA'TION, Incarcera'tio, from in, 
 'in,' and career, 'prison.' Hernia is said to be 
 incarcerated, Hernia incarcera'ta, when, owing 
 to constriction about the neck of the hernial sao 
 or elsewhere, it cannot be reduced with facility 
 
INCAENANS 
 
 470 
 
 INCUBUS 
 
 Incarceration is sometimes used in the same sense 
 as strangulation. 
 
 I'NCAB,'^ANS,Inearnati'vtis,Sarco'ticu8,Star- 
 ticus, Plero'ticns, Anaplero'ticus, Sarcot'ic, from 
 {yi, and caro, carnis, 'flesh.' Medicines, which 
 were fancied to promote the regeneration of the 
 flesh. Certain bandages and sutures have, also, 
 been so called. 
 
 INCARNATIO, Incarnation — i. Unguium, 
 Onyehogi-yphosis. 
 
 INCAE,NA'TION, Incarna'tio, same etymon. 
 Growth of flesh or granulations. 
 INCARNATUS, Carneous. 
 IN CEN'DIUM, from incendere {in, and can- 
 dere), ' to burn.' Pyrca'a, irvpxaia, Causis, Phlo- 
 go'sis. A burning fever or any burning heat. — 
 Jncen' dium fehri'le, Incen'sio. — Willis. Inflam- 
 mation, Phlegmon. 
 
 Incendium Spontanetjm, Combustion, human. 
 INCENSIO, Incendium. 
 INCENTIVUM, Stimulant. 
 INCBRA'TION, Incera'tio, Encero'sia, from 
 cera, ' wax.' The act of incorporating wax with 
 some other bodyj or, rather, the operation whose 
 object is to communicate to a dry substance the 
 consistence of wax. 
 
 INCERNIC'ULUM, from incernere {in, and 
 cernere), ' to sift.' A strainer or sieve. 
 INCESSIO, Bath, half, Semicupium. 
 INCESSUS, Walking. 
 
 INCIDEN'TIA, from incidere {in, and ccedere), 
 ♦to cut.' {¥.) Iiicisifs. This name was fpiTuerly 
 given to medicines to which was attributed the 
 property of cutting thick or coagulated humours. 
 The fixed alkalies, hydrosulphurets of alkalies, 
 sulphurous water, &c., were considered to belong 
 to this class. 
 
 INCINERA'TION, Incinera'tio, Cinefac'tio, 
 from cinis, cineris, ' ashes.' In pharmacy, a pro- 
 cess by which animal or vegetable substances are 
 reduced to ashes. 
 
 INCINCTA, Pregnant. 
 INCISIFS, Incidentia. 
 
 INCISIO, Cut, Incision — i. Simplex, Haploto- 
 mia. 
 
 INCIS'ION, Incia'io, En'cope, Incisu'ra, IncV- 
 sua, Tome, {¥.) Taillade. A methodical division 
 of soft parts with a cutting instrument. 
 
 INCI'SIVE, Incisi'vus, Inciao'mis, Foaaa inci- 
 ei'va, F. myrtifor'mia, is a depression in the supe- 
 rior maxillary bone, above the incisor teeth. 
 
 Incisive Bone, Intermaxillary bone — i. Canal, 
 Bee Palatine canals. 
 
 Incisive Nebve, Nervua inciai'vua. A branch 
 of the inferior dental nerve, which supplies the 
 incisor teeth. 
 
 Incisive Teeth, Inci'sor Teeth, Den'iea inci- 
 eo'rea, tom'ici, ctenea, dichasterea, gelaai'ni, pri- 
 mo'rea, raao'rii. The teeth which occupy the an- 
 terior part of the upper and lower jaws are so 
 called, because they are used for cutting the food 
 in the manner of cutting instruments. 
 
 INCISIVUS, MUSCULUS, Levator labii su- 
 perioris proprius — i. Inferior, Levator labii infe- 
 rioris — i. Lateralis et pyramidalis, Levator labii 
 superioris alseque nasi — i. Medius, Depressor alsB 
 nasi. 
 
 INCISOR TEETH, Incisive teeth. 
 INCISO'RIUM, Tomi'on. An operating table. 
 A scalpel. 
 
 INCISORIUS, Incisive. 
 
 INCISURA, Echancrnre, Incision — i. Crucia- 
 lis, Crucial Incision — i. Ischiadica Major, Sciatic 
 notch, greater — i. Ischiadica Minor, Sciatic notch, 
 lesser — i. Lienalis, Ililus lienalis — i. Renalis, 
 Hilus renalis — i. Scapularis, Notch, scapular — 
 I. Septi, see Ventricles of the brain. 
 
 Ikcisu'ra Trag"ica, Notch of the Concha. A 
 
 wide, deep and rounded notch, which separates 
 the tragus from the antitragus. 
 
 INOlSUliES BE SANTOBINI, Santorini, 
 fissures of. 
 
 INCISUS, Incision. 
 
 IN CIT ABILITY, Irritability. 
 
 INCITAMENTUM, Stimulus. 
 
 INCITANS, Stimulant. 
 
 INCITATIO, Stimulation. 
 
 INCLAVATIO, Gomphosis, see Wedged. 
 
 INCLINATIO, Decline — i. Coeli, Climate. 
 
 INCLUSION, MONSTROSITY BY, Emhoite- 
 
 THCTltm 
 
 INCLUSUS, Wedged. 
 INCOCTUS, see Crudity. 
 
 INCOHE'RENCE, Jncohe'reney, {'¥.) Anaco- 
 luthie, Revaaaerie ; from in, negative, co, con, 
 cum, 'with,' and hcerere, 'to stick.' Want of de- 
 pendence of one part on another. The condition 
 of the mental manifestations in dementia, &c. 
 
 INCOMPAT'IBLE, from in, 'negation,' and 
 coyiipetere, ' to agree.' A substance, which can- 
 not be prescribed with another, without inter- 
 fering with its chemical composition or medicinal 
 activity. 
 
 INCONTINEN'TIA, from in, 'negation,' and 
 contineo, 'I contain;' Anepia'chesia. 'Inconti- 
 nence.' ' Inability to retain the natural evacua^ 
 tion.' Abuse of the pleasures of love. 
 
 Incontinentia Alvi, Diarrhoea — i. Urinse, 
 Enuresis, Scoracrasia. 
 
 INCORPORA'TION, Incorpora'tio, Corpora'- 
 tio, Enaomato'sia, Metenaomato'sis, from in, and 
 corpua, ' a body.' An operation, by which medi- 
 cines are mixed with soft or liquid bodies, in 
 order to give them a certain consistence. Also, 
 the thorough admixture of various substances. 
 
 INCRASSAN'TIA, Incrassati'va, Inviacan'- 
 tia, Spiaaan'tia, Ecp)yc't.ica, Condensan'tia, Pa~ 
 chyn'tica, Pycnot'ica, Pycnicmaa'tica, from i7i, 
 and craasua, ' thick.' Medicines which were for- 
 merly believed to possess the power of thicliening 
 the humours, when too thin. All mucilaginous 
 substances were so regarded. 
 
 INCRASSATIVA, Incrassantia. 
 IN'CREASE, Incremen'tum, Auxis, Auxe'ais, 
 from in, and creacere, 'to grow.' (F.) Accroiase- 
 ment. Augmentation of the size or weight of a 
 body, by the application of new molecules around 
 those which already exist. 
 
 INCREMENTUM, Augmentation, Increase. 
 INCRUCIATIO, Decussation. 
 INCRUSTA'TION, Incmatu'tio, from in, and 
 cruata, ' a crust ;' Coni'naia. The act of forming 
 a crust on the surface of a body, as well as the 
 crust itself. Also, the calcareous deposites or 
 cartilaginous plates, which sometimes form in 
 organs. 
 
 INCUBA'TION, Incvla'tio, Incuhit"in, Tncu'- 
 bittia, from incuhare, {in, and ctibare.) 'to lie upon.' 
 This word, which is used in natural history for 
 the sitting of birds upon their eggs, is emploj-ed, 
 figuratively, in medicine, for the period that 
 elapses between the introduction of a morbific 
 principle into the animal economy and the inva- 
 sion of the disease. 
 
 INCUBITIO, Incubation. 
 INCUBITUS, Incubation. 
 INCUBO, Incubus. 
 
 IN'CUBUS. Same etymon. In'cnlo, Epial'- 
 tea, Ephial'tea noctur'niia, Ephial'tea, Epilep'aia 
 noeturna. Asthma noctur'num, PniyaV ion, Suc'- 
 ciibiia, Oneirodyn'ia grarans, Erethis'mua onciro- 
 dyn'ia, Nnctur'na oppres'sio, Ejyih'ole, Buhvzica'- 
 riua. Nightmare, (F.) Caachemar, Cuuchcvieille, 
 Coehemar, Oneirodynie gvavative. Same etymon. 
 A sensation of a distressing weight at the epigas- 
 trium during sleep, and of impossibility of mo- 
 
INCUNABULA 
 
 471 
 
 INDURATION 
 
 tion, speech or respiration ; the patient at length 
 awaking in terror, after extreme anxiety. Night- 
 mare is often the effect of difficult digestion 
 or of an uneasy position of the body. At other 
 times, it occurs in consequence of severe emo- 
 tions. The sensation of suffocation was formerly 
 ascribed to the person's being possessed, and the 
 male spirits were called incuhes — the female suc- 
 cubes. The disease requires no particular treat- 
 ment. The causes must be avoided. 
 
 Incubus Vigilan 'tium, EpMal'tes vigilan'- 
 tium, E. hypoehondrV aca, Bayniare. This is pro- 
 duced during wakefulness ; the sense of pressure 
 being severe and extending over the abdomen ; 
 respiration frequent, laborious, and constricted,- 
 eyes fixed ; sighing, deep and violent ; intellect, 
 undistnrbed. 
 
 INCUNABULA, Swathing clothes. 
 
 INCUNEATIO, see Wedged. 
 
 INCU'RABLE, Incurah' ihs, Rem' ediless, Irre- 
 me'diable, Tnsanab'ilis, Anal' thes, Anaces'tos, 
 Atherapeu'tus, from in, negative, and ciira, cure. 
 Not susceptible of cure; — applied to both patients 
 and diseases. 
 
 INCURIA, Acedia. 
 
 INCUBSUS ARTERIARUM, Pulse. 
 
 INCURVATIO, Gryposis. 
 
 INCUS, {in, and cudo, '1 hammer,') 'an anvil.' 
 Acmon, Os incu'di sim'ile, Ossic'idum Incudi seu 
 viola'ri denti compara'tum, (F.) EncUane. One 
 of the small bones of the ear, so called from its 
 fancied resemblance to a smith's anvil. It is 
 situate in the cavity of the tympanum, between 
 the malleus and orbiculare. Its body is articu- 
 lated with the malleus; its horizontal ramus, 
 which is the shortest, corresponds with the en- 
 trance of the mastoid cells ; and its vertical ra- 
 mus is articulated with the os orbiculare. The 
 incus is composed of a compact tissue, and is de- 
 veloped from a single point of ossification. 
 
 INDEX, Dig"itus index seu seeun'dus seu salu- 
 tator'iu^, Demonstra' tor, Indica'tor, Indicato'rius, 
 Lich'anos, Deic'ticos, from indicare, ' to point 
 out.' The forefinger, index finger. See Digitus. 
 
 INDIAN ARROW WOOD, see Euonymus — 
 i. Paint, Hydrastis Canadensis — i. Physic, Gille- 
 nia trifoliata — i. Physic, small-flowered, Gillenia 
 stipulacea. 
 
 INDIA'NA, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 medicinal spring, near JeffersonvillCj is much 
 frequented. Its waters are strongly impregnated 
 with sulphur and iron. 
 
 IN'DICANT, In'dicans, Endeic'ticos, (P.) Indi- 
 catif. Same etymon as index. Any thing which, 
 in the course of a disease or in what precedes or 
 accompanies it, concurs in pointing out the means 
 to be used for its cure. 
 
 INDIGATIF, Indicant. 
 
 IN'DICATING DAYS, Dies In'dices, D. In- 
 dicato'rii seu Indican'tes, D. contemplan'tes, (F.) 
 Jours indicateurs. Hippocrates and others have 
 thus called the middle day of the septenary ; be- 
 cause they imagined, that indications were some- 
 times given then of the crisis which would occur 
 in the last day of the septenary. 
 
 INDICA'TION, Indica'tio, Aecusa'tio, Dela'- 
 lio, Endeix'is, Endex'is,Boethemat'icum Semei'on. 
 The object proposed in the employment of any 
 means which are had recourse to for the cure of 
 disease. It may also be defined — the manifesta- 
 tion afforded by the disease itself of what is pro- 
 per to be done for its removal. 
 
 INDICATOR, Extensor proprius indicis, see 
 Digitus, and Index. 
 INDICUM, Indigo. 
 INDICUS COLOR, Indigo. 
 INDIGENCE, Want. 
 INDIG"ENOUS, Indig"ena. Whatever is na- 
 
 tive in a country, in opposition to exotic; as aa 
 indigenous remedy, indigenous disease. Sua. 
 
 INDIGESTION, Dyspepsia — i. Alkaline, see 
 Dyspepsia — i. Neutral, see Dyspepsia. 
 INDIGITATIO, Intussusceptio. 
 INDIGNABUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi. 
 INDIGNATORIUS, Rectus externus oculi. 
 IN'DIGO, Indigimi, In'dicttm, Indicus color, 
 Pigmen'tum In'dicum. A dye-stuff, in small solid 
 masses, of a deep azure blue colour, and devoid 
 of smell and taste. It is obtained, by a fermenta- 
 tive process, from Indigof era anil, (/. suffruti- 
 co'sa,) I. argen'tea, (I. artieida'ta seu tincto'ria 
 seu glau'ca seu colora'ta,) and /. tincto'ria seu 
 In'dica, and is sometimes used by the apothe- 
 cary for colouring certain preparations. It has 
 likewise been administered internally, of late, in 
 spasmodic diseases, especially in epilepsy. The 
 dose may be at first grains, but it may be ele- 
 vated to drachms. 
 
 Indigo, False, (Tall White,) see Sophora 
 tinctoria. 
 
 INDIGO, FAUX, Galega officinalis— i. Weed, 
 Sophora tinctoria — i. Wild, Sophora tinctoria — 
 i. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria. 
 
 INDIGOFERA, see Indigo, Sophora tinctoria. 
 
 INDIGUM, Indigo. 
 
 INDISPOSIT"ION, Mala disposit"io, Dys- 
 phor'ia, (F.) Malaise. A slight functional dis- 
 turbance, which may scarcely bear the name of 
 disease. A feeling of sickness — sensus cBgritu'- 
 dinis. 
 
 IN'DOLENT, In'dolens, from in, privative, and 
 dolere, ' to be in pain.' Exhibiting little or no 
 pain. An epithet particularly applied to certain 
 tumours. 
 
 INDOLENTIA, Anodynia. 
 
 IN'DOLES. A natural disposition or charac- 
 ter. 
 
 Indoles An'imi. The natural disposition or 
 character of mind. 
 
 Indoles Morbi. The nature or character of a 
 
 INDOSYNCLONUS, Beriberi. 
 
 INDUC'TIO, Apiago'ge, from inducere, (in, 
 and ducere, 'to lead.') A word used especially 
 for the action of extending a plaster upon linen. 
 
 INDUCULA, Waistcoat, strait. 
 
 INDUMENTUM CORDIS, Pericardium — i. 
 Nervorum, Neurilema — i. Ventriculorum, Epen- 
 dyma ventriculorum. 
 
 IN'DURANS, {in and durus,) Sclerot'icus, 
 Sclerun'ticus, Scleryn'ticus. A medicine which 
 hardens the parts to which it is applied. 
 
 INDURATIO, Induration — i. lutestinorum, 
 Enteropathia cancerosa — i. Maligna, Scirrhus — 
 i. Renum, Nephroseleria — i. Telse cellulosae neo- 
 natorum, see Induration — i. Ventriculi scLrrhosa, 
 Gastroscirrhus. 
 
 INDURA'TION, Indura'tio, Selerys'ma, Scle- 
 rys'mus, Callos'itas, Indurescen'tia, Poro'ma, Po- 
 ro'sis, (F.) Endurcissement. The hardness which 
 supervenes, occasionally, in an inflamed part. It 
 is one of the terminations of inflammation, and is 
 owing to a change in the nutrition of the part. 
 
 Induration of the Cellular Tissue, Indu- 
 ra'tio seu Opipila'tio tela cellulo'scB neonato'rmn, 
 Ethmypkotylo' sis, CEde'ma neonato'riim, Compact 
 (Ede'ma of Infants, Cat'ochus Infan'tum, Indu- 
 ratio ceUulo'sa, Sclere'mia, Sclere'ma, Sclero'ma, 
 Scleroder' ma. Cutis tensa chron'ica, Dermato2i(i~ 
 risclero'sis, Bermatoperisclerysmus, Ethmyphoty. 
 losis, Halonii'tis, Phlegmasia cellula'ris, Scirrho- 
 sar'ca neonato'rmn, Scleri'nsis neonato'rum, Sole ■ 
 ro'sis, Stipa'tio telcB cellulo'sce Infan'tum, Skin- 
 bound Disease, (F.) Endurcissement du tissu celln- 
 Inire ; (Edeine du tissu cellulnire des nouveau-nes, 
 Asp>hyxie lentc des nouveau-nes, is a disease 'vhioh 
 
n^DURESCENTIA 
 
 472 
 
 INFLAMMATIO 
 
 attacks infants a few days after birth, and which 
 Chaussier proposed to call Sclereme, from aKXripos, 
 ' hard.' 
 
 The Induration of the cellular tissue of the 
 adult, Sclcrosteno'sis cuta'nea, has been regarded 
 as the result of inflammation of the corium, Cho- 
 rioni'tis. 
 
 Induration of the Brain, Sclerencephalia — 
 i. Grise, see Hepatization. 
 
 INDURESCEJfTIA, Induration. 
 
 INDU'SIUM, Chitonis'cos. Strictly, 'a shirt,' 
 'a small tunic;' but some have so called the 
 amnion. 
 
 INE'BRIANT, Ine'hrians, Phantas'ticus; from 
 in and ehrio, '1 intoxicate.' Intoxicating. An 
 agent that intoxicates. 
 
 INEBRIATION, Temulentia. 
 
 INEDIA, Easting. 
 
 INER'TIA, from hi, 'privative,' and ars, artis, 
 'art.,' (?) Igna'via, Uner'vitas. Sluggishness, in- 
 activity. 
 
 Iner'tiA of the Womb, (F.) Inertie de la ma- 
 trice. The diminution and even total cessation 
 of the contractions of the uterus during labour ; 
 as well as the species of languor into which it 
 sometimes falls after the expulsion of the foetus. 
 
 INERTIE PAR EPUISE2IENT, see Partu- 
 rition — i. de la Ilatrioe, Inertia of the womb. 
 
 INESIS, Cenosis. 
 
 INETHMOS, Cenosis. 
 
 liST'EANCY, Infun'tia, from in, 'negation,' and 
 fans, from fari, 'to speak.' Early childhood. 
 Childhood ; Nepiot'es, Paidi'a, (F.) Enfance. It 
 generally includes the age from birth till the 
 seventh year. See Age. 
 
 INFANS, Pai'dion, Ne'pios, (F.) Enfant. An 
 infant; a child; one in infancy. In law, one 
 who has not attained the age of legal capacity ; 
 •which is, in general, fixed at twenty-one years. 
 
 Infans recbns natus, Noiiveaxi-ne. 
 
 INFANTIA, Infancy, 
 
 INFAN'TICIDE, Infantiei'dium, Tecnocton'ia, 
 Child-murder, from infans, ' a child,' and ccedere, 
 * to kill.' The murder of a child newly born, or 
 on the point of being born. It may be perpe- 
 trated by the mother, or by some other person, 
 either by commission, that is, in consequence of a 
 direct, voluntary act; — or by omission of those 
 cares which are necessary for the preservation of 
 the new-born. 
 
 INFARCTUS, Emphraxis — i. Intestinorum, 
 Enteremphraxis — i. Lactei extremitatum, Phleg- 
 matia dolens — i. Lienis, Splenoncus. 
 
 Infarc'tus Mamm^ Lac'teus, Lactis concre- 
 tio'nes, Nodi seu Thrombi lactei, Trichi'asis lac- 
 tea. Knotty tumours of the female mammas, 
 owing to the accumulation and arrest of mUk in 
 the galactophorous ducts. 
 
 Infarcttjs Uteri, Metremphraxis. 
 
 INFECTION, see Contagion. 
 
 INFECUNDITY, Sterility, 
 
 INFECUNDUS, Sterile. 
 
 INFER'NAL, /H/er'n!<8y 'relating to hell.' A 
 name applied to caustic — Lapis Iixferna'lis — on 
 account of its strong burning properties. 
 
 INFIBULA'TIO, Fihula'tio, InJibula'tion,Anc- 
 terias'mus ; from fibula, 'a clasp.' (F.) Boiicle- 
 inent. An operation, formerly practised, which 
 consisted in passing a ring through the prepuce, 
 after having drawn it over the glans; — in order 
 to prevent coition. The ancients employed infi- 
 bulation with their gladiators, to preserve all 
 their strength by depriving them of venery. In 
 the women, to preserve their chastity, the ring 
 vas passed throuL'h the labia majora. 
 
 INFILTRA'TION, Infiltra'tio, from filtrare, 
 
 'to filter.' Efi'usion. The accumulation of a 
 fluid in the areolse of any texture, and particu- 
 larly of the areolar membrane. The fluid effused 
 is ordinarily the Liquor sanguinis, sound or al- 
 tered, — sometimes blood or pus, faeces, or urine. 
 When infiltration of a serous fluid is general, it 
 constitutes anasarca ; when local, oed.ema. 
 
 INFILTRATION PURULENTE, see Hepa- 
 tization. 
 
 INFIRM, Infirm'us, Imhecillis, Deb'ilis, As'- 
 tJienes, from in, negative, and^rmMS, 'firm.' Not 
 firm or sound ; weak ; feeble. 
 
 INFIRMARIUM, Hospital. 
 
 INFIRMARY, Hospital. 
 
 INFIRMATORIUM, Hospital. 
 
 INFIR3IIER (F.), from infirmus, {in, negative, 
 and firmiis.) Infirma'rius, Nosoc'omus, C'ura'toi 
 infirmo'riun. One employed in an hospital or in- 
 firmary to take care of the sick. 
 
 INFIRM'ITY, Infirm'itas, Astheni'a, Arrhos' - 
 tia, Invalefu'do. Any disease which has become 
 habitual, either owing to its chronic character, or 
 its numerous relapses. 
 
 INFLA'MED, Inflamma'tim, (F.) Enflammi, — 
 Phlogo'sed, according to some. Same etymon as 
 inflammation. Affected with inflammation. 
 
 INFLAMMABLE AIR,Hydrogen,carburetted. 
 
 INFLAMMATIO, Inflammation, Phlegmon— 
 i. Abdominalis, Encoelitis — i. Articuli MaxUlEe 
 Inferioris, Hyposiago.narthritis — i. Auris, Otitis — 
 i. Bronchiorum, Bronchitis — i. Cseci, Typhlo-en- 
 teritis — i. Capsule lentis, Phacohymenitis — i. Ce- 
 rebelli, Cerebellitis — i. Clitoridis, Nymphitis — i. 
 Conjunctivae, see Ophthalmia — i. Cornese, Cera- 
 titis — i. Coxae, Osphyitis — i. Cystidis felleas, Cho- 
 lecystitis — i. Epiglottidis, Epiglottitis — i. Erj-si- 
 pelatosa, Erysipelatous inflammation — i. Fauei- 
 um, Cynanche, Isthmitis — i. Gastritis, Gastritis 
 
 — i. Genffi, Gnathitis — i. Genarum, Melitis — i. 
 Gingivae, Ulitis — i. Glandularum lymphaticarum, 
 Hydradenitis — i. Glandularum lymphaticarum. 
 Lymphadenitis — i. Glandularum sublingualium, 
 Hypoglossiadenitis — i. Gulae, CEsophagitis — i. 
 Hepatis, Hepatitis — i. Hepatis lenta. Hepatitis 
 (chronic) — i. Interna, Empresma — i. Intestino- 
 rum, Enteritis — i. Iridis, Iritis — i. Jecoris, Hepa- 
 titis — i. Laryngis, Laryngitis — i. Lienis, Splenitis 
 
 — i. Ligamentorum, Syndesmitis — i. Lingua, 
 Glossitis — i. Mediastini, Mesodmitis — i. Medullas 
 Spinalis, Myelitis — i. Musculi psoas. Psoitis — i. 
 Musculorum, Myositis — i. Musculorum abdomi- 
 nalium, M}^occeliitis — i. Nervorum, Neuritis — i. 
 Oculorum, Ophthalmia — i. OEsophagi, CEsophagi- 
 tis — i. Omenti, Epiploitis — i. Ossis, Ostalgitis — i. 
 Ovarii, Oaritis — i. Palati, Hyperoitis — i. Pancre- 
 atis, Pancreatitis — i. Parenchymatica, Parenchy- 
 matitis — i. Parotidum, Parotitis, Cynanche paro- 
 tidsea — i. Pectoris acuta. Pneumonia — i. Pera- 
 cuta, Hyperphlogosis, Hyperphlegmasia — i. Peri- 
 cardii, Pericarditis — i. Periostei, Periostitis — i. 
 Periostei orbita?, Periorbitis — i. Peritonaei, Peri- 
 tonitis — i. Pharyngis, Cynanche pharyngea — i. 
 Phrenitis, Phrenitis — i. Pleurfe, Pleuritis — i. 
 Pneumonica, Pneumonia — i. Pulmonum, Pneu- 
 monia — i. Renum, Nephritis — i. Eenum suc- 
 centuriatorum, Paranephritis — i. RetinsE, Dictyi- 
 tis. Retinitis — i. Sclerotica;, Sclerotitis — i. Scroti, 
 Oschitis — i. Septi transversi, Diaphragmitis — i. 
 Sinuum frontalium, Metopantritis — i. Stoniaehi, 
 Gastritis — i. Supcrficiei internse cordis. Endocar- 
 ditis — i. Tola celhilosae, Ethmyphytis — i. Telao 
 fibrosae, Inohymenitis — i. Testiura, Hernia hu- 
 moralis — i. Tonsillanmi, Cynanche tonsillaris — i. 
 Tunica; hyaloidoa?, Hyalitis — i. Tynipani, Tym- 
 panitis — i. Urethra', Gonorrhoea — i. Uteri, Me- 
 tritis — i. Uteri catarrhalis, see Metritis — i. Uteri 
 et Peritfinaei, Metroperitonitis — i. Uvulas, Uvuli- 
 tis — i. Yasorum, Angeitis — i. Yasorum lymphati- 
 
INFLAMMATION 
 
 473 
 
 INFLUENZA' 
 
 jorum, Angeioleucitis — i. Ventriculi, Gastritis — i. 
 Ventriculi et intestinorum, Gastro-enteritis — i. 
 fesiciB, Cystitis — i. Vesica fellese, Cholecystitis. 
 INFLAMMATION, Inflamma'tio, from in, 
 'within,' and flamma, 'flame,' 'fire;' PJdeg'mone, 
 Phlogo'sis, Ecphlogo'sis, E2)iphleg"ia, Exup'ais, 
 Pklegma'sia, Causo'ma, Empres'ma, Phlo'f/ia, Hij- 
 perendosmose (Dutrochet), Incen'dium, HyjyerhcB- 
 mato'sis, HypercB'mia acti'va, PMeboplero'sis ec- 
 phrae'tica,{¥.)Aiig{i'te,is so called in consequence 
 of the acute or burning pain, felt in a part affected 
 with it. An irritation in a part of the body is oc- 
 casioned by some stimulus ; — owing to which the 
 blood flows into the capillary vessels in greater 
 abundance than natural, and those vessels become 
 over-dilated and enfeebled ; whence result pain, 
 redness, heat, tension, and swelling ; symptoms 
 which appear in greater or less severity, accord- 
 ing to the structure, vital properties, and func- 
 tions of the part affected, and its connexion with 
 other parts, as well as according to the constitu- 
 tion of the individual. The inflammations of the 
 areolar and serous membranes greatly agree ; — 
 and those of the mucus and skin; the former 
 heing more active, and constituting the jMeg- 
 wionoKs variety ; — the latter, the erytliematic or 
 erysipelatous. Of this variety is the diffusive in- 
 Jiammation produced by morbid poisons ; as 
 during dissection, where solutions of continuity 
 exist on the fingers of the operator. It is seen, 
 too, in workei's in bone, and lience has been called 
 bone fever. Preparatory to the turning of bones, 
 it is customary to macerate them in water. The 
 fluid soon becomes putrid, and if the hands be 
 kept in it diflusive inflammation results. Inflam- 
 mation may end by resolution, suppuration, gan- 
 grene, adhesion, effusion, or indui-ation. Each 
 of the inflammations of internal organs has re- 
 ceived a name according to the organ affected ; — 
 as, gastritis, cephalitis, enteritis, hepatitis, &o. 
 Besides the above inflammations, there is consi- 
 dered to be an instinctive kind established for the 
 union of parts which have been divided, whether 
 the union takes place immediately, or by the aid 
 of an intermediate body. This is the adhesive 
 inflammation. See Adhesion, Callus, Cicatrix. 
 Broussais considered that the term inflammation 
 should include every local exaltation of the or- 
 ganic movements which is sufficiently great to 
 disturb the harmony of the functions, and disor- 
 ganize the texture in which it is situate. He 
 farther extended the name inflammation to irri- 
 tations which do not induce disorganization of the 
 textures, and which had been previously, and are 
 still, called /everg. 
 
 Examination of the blood drawn always exhi- 
 bits an increase of the fibrinous element — the 
 average proportion of which, in healthy blood, is 
 about three in the thousand. In inflammation, it 
 at times rises as high as ten. In fevers unaccom- 
 panied with inflammation, the proportion is natu- 
 ral, or below the average ; but whenever inflam- 
 mation supervenes, it immediately rises. 
 
 External inflammation is easily detected by the 
 characters already mentioned : — internal, by dis- 
 turbance of function and pain upon pressure; but 
 the last sign is often not available. Both forms 
 require the removal of all irritation, and the re- 
 duction of vascular excitement and nervous irri- 
 tability ; hence, blood-letting — local and general 
 — sedatives, refrigerants, and counter-irritants 
 become valuable remedies in almost all cases of 
 inflammation. 
 
 INFLAMMATION BES AMYGDALES, 
 Cynanche tonsillaris — i. des Arteres, Arteritis — 
 i. of the Bladder, Cystitis — i. de la Bouche, Sto- 
 matitis — i. des Branches, Bronchitis — i. dii Gm- 
 cuiii, Typhlo-enteritis— i. of the C^cum, Typhlo- 
 
 enteritis — i. du Cerveau et du Cervelet, Phrenitis 
 i. du Coeiir, Carditis — i. du Colon, Colitis — i. d« 
 la Conjonctive, see Ophthalmia — i. of the Dia- 
 phragm, Diaphragmitis — i. Diflusive, see Inflam- 
 mation — i. Diphtheritic, Diphtheritis — i. of the 
 Ear, Otitis — i. de I'Epiglotte, Epiglottitis — i. de 
 I'Estomac, Gastritis — i. of the Eye, Ophthalmia — 
 i. du Foie, Hepatitis — ?'. des Gencives, Ulitis — i. 
 General, Synocha — i. of the Internal Membrane 
 of the Heart, Endocarditis — i. Internal, Empres- 
 ma — i. des Intestins, Enteritis — i. of the Iris, Iri- 
 tis — i. of the Kidnej'-, Nephritis — i. de la Langue, 
 Glossitis — i. of the Larynx, Laryngitis— i. of the 
 Liver, Hepatitis — i. de la Luette, Uvulitis — i. of 
 the Lungs, Pneumonia — i. of the Malpighian Bo- 
 dies, Kidney, Bright's disease of the — i. des Ma- 
 melles, Mastitis — i. de la Matrice, Metritis — i. de 
 la Membrane alveolo-dentaire, Periodontitis — ;". 
 de la Membrane sereuse cephalo-rachidienne. Me- 
 ningitis — i. of the Mesentery, Mesenteritis — i. de 
 la Moelle epiniere ou rachidienne. Myelitis — i. 
 of the Mouth, pseudo-membranous. Stomatitis, 
 pseudo-membranous — i. of the Mouth, pultaceous, 
 Aphthae — i. des Muscles, Myositis — i. des Nerfs, 
 Neuritis — i. de V CEil, Ophthalmia — i. de V Oreille, 
 Otitis — i. de I'Ovaire, Oaritis — i. du Palais, Hy- 
 peroitis — i. du Parenchyme pubnonaire. Pneumo- 
 nia — i. de la Parotide, Cynanche parotidsea — i. 
 Pellicular, Diphtheritis — i. du Pericarde, Pe- 
 ricarditis — i. of the Pericardium, Pericardi- 
 tis — i. du Peritoine, Peritonitis — i. of the Pe- 
 ritonaeum, Peritonitis — i. of the Pleura, Pleu- 
 ritis — i. de la Plevre, Pleuritis — i. des Poumons, 
 Pneumonia — i. du Muscle psoas. Psoitis — i. de la 
 Bate, Splenitis — i. des Reins, Nephritis — i. Spon- 
 goid, Haematodes Fungus, see also Encephaloid — 
 i. of the Stomach, Gastritis — i. de la Testicide, 
 Hernia humoralis — i. of the Testicle, Hernia hu- 
 moralis — i. des Tissus blancs, Angeioleucitis — i. 
 of the Tongue, Glossitis — i. des Vaisseaux Lym- 
 phatiques, Angeioleucitis — i. des Veines, Phlebi- 
 tis-^i. de la Vesicide du Fiel, Cholecystitis — i. de 
 la Vessie, Cystitis — i. of the Womb, Metritis. 
 
 INFLAMMATIUN'CULA, Subinflamma'fio. 
 A superficial and often insignificant inflamma- 
 tion of the skin, as in many cutaneous affections. 
 
 INFLAM'MATORY,/«^am?«aio'rN(«/PA%"- 
 icus, Phlogo'des, Phlogis'ticus, Phlogis'tic, belong- 
 ing to inflammation; — as, inflammatory tumour, 
 inflammatory fever, &c. The blood is said to be 
 infl.ammatory when cupped or buflfy. 
 
 INFLATIO, Emphysema, Pufiiness, Colica 
 flatulenta — i. Parotidum, Cynanche parotidtea — 
 i. Uteri, Physometra. 
 
 INFLEX'lO, Campsis. 
 
 INFLUENCE, Influenza. 
 
 INFLUENTIA, Influenza. 
 
 INFI;UENZA. The Italian for 'Influence.' 
 Influenza Europcc' a, Influen'tia, Catar'rhus epi- 
 dem'icus, Fcbris catarrha'lis epidem'ica, Catar'- 
 rhus d eonta'gio, Rheuma epidem'icum. Morbus 
 Verveci'nus, M. Catarrha'lis, Syn'ochus catar- 
 rha'lis, Deflux'io catarrha'lis, M. Arie'tis, Ce- 
 phalal'gia contagio'sa (epidemics of the 16th and 
 17th centuries) : (F.) Tac, Ladendo, Quinte, Flo- 
 rion, Coqueluche, Baraquette, Generale, Grippe, 
 Follette, Grenade, Coquette, Cocote, Petite Poste, 
 Petit Courier, Allure, Fievre catarrhat.e epide- 
 mique ; Influence, Epidemic catarrh. A severe 
 form of catarrh occurring epidemically, and ge- 
 nerally affecting a number of persons in a com- 
 munity. See Catarrh, epidemic. Gluge, from 
 his investigations, considers that the following L'' 
 the chronological order of the return of the influ- 
 enza:— 14th century, 1323, 1326— 15th century, 
 1410, 1411, 1414— 16th century, 1510, 1557, 1562, 
 1574, 1580, and 1593 — 17th century, 1658, 1669, 
 1675, 1693— 18th century, 1708, 1712, 1729, 1732, 
 
IXFLTJENZOID 
 
 iU 
 
 INFUSUM 
 
 1733, 1742, 1743, 1761, 1762, and 1775— IQth cen- 
 tury, 1800, 1803, 1831, and 1833. To these may 
 be added 1837, and 1843. 
 
 Influenza Eutsopjea, Influenza. 
 
 INFLIIEN'ZOID, InfluenzoVdea. An express- 
 ive but hybridous compound : from influenza, and 
 (i&o?, 'resemblance.' Resembling influenza. — Dr. 
 T Thompson. 
 
 INPORMITAS, Deformation. 
 
 INFORTUNIUM, Contrafissura. 
 
 INFRA-ATLOID^US, Sub-atloidfeus. 
 
 INFRA-AXOIDiEUS, Sub-axoidjeus. 
 
 INFRA-COSTALES, see Intercostal muscles. 
 
 INFRA-MAXILLARIS, Sub-maxillary. 
 
 INFRAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA, "Cepha- 
 losomatodymia. 
 
 INFRA-ORBITAR, Sub-orbitar. 
 
 INFRAPUBIAN LIGAMENT, Triangular li- 
 gament. 
 
 INFRA-SCAPULARIS, Subseapularis. 
 
 INFRA-SPINALIS, Infra-spinatus. 
 
 INFRA-SPINA'TUS, Infrasinna'lis, from in- 
 fra, 'beneath,' and spina, 'a spine.' Situate 
 beneath the spine of the scapula j — Infra Spina- 
 na'lis. 
 
 Infra-Spina'ta Fossa, (F.) Fosse sons-epi- 
 iieiise. A large excavation on the posterior sur- 
 fnce of the scapula, beneath its spine. It is filled 
 by the 
 
 Inpra-Spinattjs Muscle, Grand Scapulo-tro- 
 cTiiterien, Superscapula'ris inferior (Ch.), (F.) 
 Sous-^pineux, which is broad, flat, and triangular. 
 It is attached, by its base, to the three inner 
 quarters of the fossa ; and is inserted, by a long 
 tendon, into the middle part of the great tubero- 
 sity of the OS humeri (Trochiter). It turns the 
 arm outwards, and, when the arm is elevated, 
 carries it backwards. 
 'INFRINGENS, Corrigent. 
 
 INFUNDIB'ULUM, (in, and fmdere, 'to pour 
 out.') A Latin word signifying a Funnel, — 
 Choa'ne, Chonos, (F.) Entonnoir, — of which va- 
 rious kinds are employed in pharmaceutical ope- 
 rations. A name, given to many parts which, 
 more or less, resemble a funnel. It is particu- 
 larly appropriated to the following organs : — 
 
 Infundib'ulum of the Brain, Infundih'uluin 
 ECU Pelvis seu Choa'na seu Cy'athus seu Seyiihus 
 seu Gonelia seu Lacu'na seu Em'holum seu Aqna- 
 dnc'tus seu Lahrum seu Concav'itas conchula'ris 
 seu Processus orhicula'ris Oer'ebri, (P.) Enton- 
 noir du ventricule moyen du cerveau, Tige Pitui- 
 taire, Tige sus-sphenoidale. A depression in the 
 inferior paries of the middle ventricle, above the 
 pituitary gland. It was, anciently, regarded as 
 a canal by which the fluid collected in the ven- 
 tricles of the brain was evacuated, and poured 
 into the nasal fossae. 
 
 Infundib'ulum Cerebri, I. of the Brain. 
 
 Infundibulum of the Cochlea, 7. Coch'lea, 
 Scyphus Vieussen'ii, S. audito'rius, Cucid'lus, Oa- 
 no'lis Scala'rum commu'nis. This, with the mo- 
 diolus, forms the nucleus around which the gyri 
 of the cochlea pass. It is an imperfect funnel, 
 the apex of which is common with that of the 
 modiolus ,• and the base is covered with the apex 
 of the cochlea, termed Cu'pola. 
 
 In Surgery, infundibula are used to direct 
 steam or vapours; to conduct the actual cautery 
 to certain morbid parts, &c. 
 
 Infundibulum of the Ethmoid Bone, or op 
 THE Nasal Fossj?. One of the anterior cells of 
 that bone, which is broad and expanded above, 
 and narrow below j opening, above, into the fron- 
 tal sinus ; bslow, into the anterior part of the 
 middle meatus of the nasal fossae. 
 
 Infundibulum op the Heart, Conns arterio- 
 sus — A. of the Kidney, see Calix — i. Lachrymale, 
 
 Lachrymal Sac — i. Tubarum Fallopii, see Tube, 
 Fallopian — i. Ventriculi, (Esophagus. 
 
 INFU'SION, Infii'sio, En'cfiysis, from infim. 
 dere {in. and fun dere), 'to pour in,' 'to introduce.' 
 A pharmaceutical operation, which consists in 
 pouring a hot or cold fluid upon a substance 
 whose medical virtues it is desired to extract. 
 Infusion is, also, used for the product of this ope- 
 ration. In Surgery, infusion — CJiirur'yia infu- 
 so'ria, Ars clysma'tica nova — is the act of intro- 
 ducing into the veins medicinal substances, by aid 
 of an instrument called Infusor. This mode of in- 
 troducing medicines was called Ars infuso'ria. 
 
 Infusion of Angustura, Infusum Cusparise 
 — i. of Bark, Infusum cinchona} — i. of Buchu, 
 Infusum Diosma — i. of Calumba, Infusum ea- 
 lumba3 — i. of Cascarilla, Infusum cascarillse — 
 i. of Catechu, Infusum catechu compositum — L 
 of Cayenne pepper, Infusum capsici — i. of Cha- 
 momile, Infusum anthemidis — i. of Cinchona, 
 Infusum cinchonje — i. of Cloves, Infusum caryo- 
 phyllorum — i. of Cusparia, Infusum cuspariaj — 
 i. of Dandelion, Infusum Taraxaci — i. of Fox- 
 glove, Infusum digitalis — i. of Gentian, compound, 
 Infusum gentianse compositum — i. of Ginger, In- 
 fusum Zingiberis — i. of Hops, Infusum humuli 
 — i. of Horseradish, compound, Infusum avmora- 
 ei£e compositum — i. of Binseed, Infusum lini 
 compositum — i. of Mint, compound, Infusum 
 menthse compositum — i. of Orange-peel, com- 
 pound, Infusum aurantii compositum — i. of Pink- 
 root, Infusum spigeliiB — i. of Quassia, Infusum 
 quassise — i. of Rhatany, Infusum Krameria — L 
 of Rhubarb, Infusum rhei — i. of the Rose, Infu- 
 sum rosa! compositum — i. of Sarsaparilla, Infu- 
 sum sarsaparillEe — i. of Sassafras pith, Infusum 
 sassafras medullee — i. of Senna, Infusum sennse 
 compositum — i. of Simarouba, Infusum simarou- 
 bse — i. of Slippery elm, Infusum ulmi — i. of 
 Thoroughwort, Infusum eupatorii — i. of Tobacco, 
 Infusum tabaci — i. of Valerian, Infusum Valeria- 
 nae — i. of Virginia snakeroot, Infusum serpenta- 
 rise — i. of Wild cherry, Infusum pruni Virgi- 
 nian ae. 
 
 INFUSOIR (F.), same etymon. An instru- 
 ment for injecting medicinal substances into the 
 veins. It was a kind of funnel, the elongated 
 apex of which was stopped by a metallic rod, 
 which could be withdrawn when the apex was 
 introduced into a vein. 
 
 INFU'SUM, En'chyma. The product of an 
 infusion. 
 
 Infusum Acacia Catechu, I. catechu compo- 
 situm — i. Amarum vinosum, Vinum gentianse 
 compositum — i. of Angustura, I. cusparife. 
 
 Infusum Anthem'idis, Hydrochamaime'lum, 
 Infusion of Oham'omile. (AntJiemid. for. ^ss; 
 aq. buUient. Oj. Macerate for ten minutes in a 
 covered vessel, and strain. — Ph. L.) Dose, f^j 
 to f^iss. 
 
 Infusum ARMonA'ciiE Compos'itum, Infusum 
 ArmoracicB (Ph. U. S.), Gompjonnd infusion of 
 Horseradish. (Armorac. rad. concis., sinopis eont. 
 sing, ^^j ; aqucB hnUient. Oj. Macerate for two 
 hours, and strain.) Dose, f^j to f§iij. 
 
 Infusum Auran'tu Compos'itum, Conipound 
 Infusion of Orange Peel. {Aurant. cort. sice, ^ijj 
 Union, cort. recent, ^j ; caryoph. cont. ^^s; aq. 
 fervent. Oss. Macerate for fifteen minutes, and 
 strain. — Ph. L.) Dose, f§iss to f^ij. 
 
 Infusum Brash, Wort — i. Buchu, Infusum 
 Diosmaj — i. Bynes, Wort. 
 
 Infusum Calum'b^, I. Calom'tce, I. ColomhcB, 
 Infusion of Cohtmba. {Cahimb. rad. concis. ^ss; 
 aq. fervent. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and 
 strain.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, f3iss to fgiij. 
 
 Infusum Caf'sici, Infusion of Cayenne Pepper. 
 (Capsic. in pulv. crass, ^ss; aq. bidlicnt. Oj, 
 
INFUSUM 
 
 475 
 
 INFUSUM 
 
 Macerate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f3iss. 
 
 IsFusujf Caryophyl'li, Infusion of Cloves. 
 {Garyoph. coutus. ^ij J '^1- iullient. Oj. Mace- 
 rate for tATO hours, and strain.) Dose, f^iss to 
 
 Infusum Cascarit/l^, Infusion of Cascarilla. 
 (CascartU. coutus. ^j j aq. bullient. Oj. Mace- 
 rate for two hours, and strain.) Dose, f^iss to 
 
 m- 
 
 Infusum Cassias Senn^, I. sennse compositum. 
 
 Infusum Cat'echu Compos'itum, Infusum Ca- 
 techu, I. Acu'eicB Catechu, Infusion of Catechu. 
 {Catechu, in pulv. 5ss; cinnam. cont. 3J i f**?- 
 hnlUent. Oj. Macerate for an hour, and strain.) 
 Dose, fgiss to f§ij. 
 
 Infusum Cincho'NjE, /. Cinchona lancifo'licB, 
 Infusion of Cinchona. [Cinch, contus. ^ J j o?- 
 fervent. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) 
 This infusion may also be made from the same 
 quantity of bark in coarse powder by the process 
 of displacement with hot or cold water. Dose, 
 f^j to f Jiij. The Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States has an Infn'sum Cincho'na flavm. Infu- 
 sion of yellow bark, and an Infusum Cinchona 
 ruhrcB, Infusion of red hark, which are prepared 
 in the same manner. It has also an Infu'sum 
 Cincho'ncB Oom]msitxmi,V!h\c,h. is made as follows: 
 (Cinchon. rubr. in jjulv. 3J j Acid. Suljih. aromat. 
 f,5J ; aqum, Oj. Macerate for twelve hours, oc- 
 casionally shaking, and strain.) Dose, same as 
 the last. 
 
 Infusum Cinchona Compositum, see Infusum 
 Cinchon£e. 
 
 Infusum CiNCHONiE Flat^, see Infusum Cin- 
 chonte. 
 
 Infusum CoLOMBiE, I. calumbte. 
 
 Infusum Cuspa'eiyE, /. Angustu'rce, Infusion 
 of Cuspa'ria. {Caspar, cort. contus. gss; aq. 
 bullient. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) 
 Dose, fgj to fgiij. 
 
 Infusum Digita'lis, /. Digitalis purpu'recp,, 
 Infusion of Foxglove. {Digital.^]; aq. bullient. 
 Oss : tinct. cinnamomi, f^j. Macerate, and add 
 sp. cinnam. f'§j.) Dose, f^j. 
 
 Infusum Dios'M.iE, Ph. IT. S., 1842, Infusum 
 Buchu, Ph. U. S., 1851, Infusion of Buchu. {Di- 
 osm. §j ; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate for four hours 
 in a covered vessel, and strain. — Ph. U.S.) Dose, 
 fgjss. 
 
 Infusum Eupato'rii, Infusion of Thorough- 
 vjort. {Eupator. ^j ; aq. bidlient, Oj. Macerate 
 for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^ij. 
 
 Infusum Gentia'n^ Compos'itum, Comp)ound 
 Infusion of Gentian. {Gentian, cont. ^ss; Au- 
 rant. cort., Coriandr. contus. aa^j ; alcohol, dilut. 
 f^iv; aqum, f3xij. First pour on the aeohol, 
 and three hours afterwards, the water ; then ma- 
 cerate for twelve hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, fgj to fgij. 
 
 Marsden's Antiscorhu'tic Drops, an empirical 
 preparation, consist of a solution of corrosive sub- 
 limate in an infusion of gentian. 
 
 Infu'sum Hu'muli, Infusion of Hops. {Hu- 
 mul. ^ss; aq. bullient, Oj. Macerate for two 
 Lours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.} Dose, f^iss to 
 
 Infu'sum Krame'ri^, Infusion of Ehat'any. 
 {Kramer, contus. ^j ; aq. bullient, Oj. Mace- 
 rate for four hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 fgiss. 
 
 Infusum Lini, I. L. compositum. 
 
 Infusum Lini Compos'itum (Ph. U. S., 1851), 
 /. Lini (Ph. U. S., 1842), /. Lini usitatii' simi. 
 Infusion of Linseed, Flaxseed Tea. {Lini sem. 
 cont. §ss ; glycyrrh. rad. cont. gij ] aqua bullient. 
 Oj. Macerate for four hours, and strain.) Dose, 
 a teacupful, ad I'bitum. 
 
 Infusum Malti, Wort. 
 
 Infusum Mentha Compos'itum, Compound 
 Infusion of Mint. {Fol. menth. sat. sice, gij ; 
 aq. fervent, q. s. ut. colentur. f^vj. IMacerate 
 for half an hour ; and, when cold, strain : then 
 add — sacch. alb. ^ly, ol. menth. sat. gtt. iij, dis- 
 solved in tinct. card. c. f^ss. — Ph. D.) Dose, 
 fSJ to fgiij. 
 
 Infusum Picis Empyreumatic^ Liquids, see 
 Pinus sylvestris — i. Picis liquidum, see Pinus 
 sylvestris. 
 
 Infusum Pruni Virginia'n^, Infusion of Wild 
 Cherry Bark. {Prun. Virginian, cont. §ss; 
 aqua, Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain. — 
 Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Infusum Quassi.e, /. Qiiassia excel'sa, Infu- 
 sion of Quassia. {Quassia lign. cone, gij ; aq. 
 Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) Dose, 
 
 f^j to f^i^- 
 
 Infusum Rhei, Ati'ima Rhei, Infusion of BJiu- 
 barb. {Bhei, cont. ^j ; aq.ferv. Oss. M.acerate- 
 for two hours, and strain.) Dose, f^j to f^iv. 
 
 Infusum RoSjE Compos'itum, /. Bosa Gal'lica^ 
 Infusion of the Eose. {Eos. Gallic, ^iv ; aq. hul- 
 lieut. Oiiss; acid, sidph. d. f^iij ; sacch. pnrif. 
 ^iss. Add the water, and afterwards the acid; — 
 macerate for half an hour; strain, and add the 
 sugar.) Dose, f giss to Oss. 
 
 Infusum Sarsaparil'l^, Infusion of Sarsa- 
 pariUa. {Sarsaparill. contus. ^j > aqna bullient. 
 Oj. Digest for two hours in a covered vesse', 
 and strain. — Ph. U. S.) It may iil^o be prepared 
 by displacement. Dose, f5ij to f§iv. 
 
 Infusum Sassafras, Infusion of Sassafras 
 Pith, Mu'cilage of Sassafras Pith. {Sassafras 
 medull. 3J ; aqua, Oj. Macerate for three hours, 
 and strain.) An emollient collyrium; and de- 
 mulcent drink. 
 
 Infusum SenNjE, I. S. Compos'itum, I. Cassia 
 Senna, I. Senna simplex. Infusion of Senna-. 
 {Senna, §j ; coriandr. cont. gjj "?• bullient. Oj. 
 Macerate for an hour, and strain.) Dose, f^j 
 to fgiv. 
 
 The Black Draught, Black Dose, Haustus ni- 
 ger, is usually formed of this infusion. It may 
 be made of infus. senna, i§y', aq. cinnam. f ^ j ; 
 manna, ^iy, niagnes. sulph. ^vj. Dose, a wine^ 
 glassful. 
 
 Selway's Prepared Essence of Senna is a con- 
 centrated infusion of the leaves in combinatioH 
 with an alkali. 
 
 Infusum SenNjE Compositum, I. sennse. 
 
 Infusum Serpenta'rIjE, Infusion of Virginia 
 Snakeroot. {Serpentar. ^ss; aq. bullient. Oj. 
 Macerate for two hours, and strain.— Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f^iss. 
 
 Infusum Simarou'b^, Infusion of Simaronhct. 
 {Simaroub. cort. cont. ^ss ; aq. fervent. Oss. Ma- 
 cerate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. L.) Dose, 
 
 Infu'sum Spige'li.e, Infusion of Pinkroot. 
 {Spigel. ^ss; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate for two 
 hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, fgiv to Oss, 
 
 Infusum Tab'aci, Infusion of Tobacco. {To,, 
 bad fol. 3J ; aq. ferv. Oj. Macerate for an hour 
 and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Infusum Tarax'aci, Infusion of Dandelion. 
 {Taraxac. contus. §ij j aq. bullient. Oj. Mace» 
 rate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
 f^iss, as a diuretic, &c. 
 
 Infusum Ulmi, Infusion of Shp'pe^-y Elm, 
 Slippery Elm Tea. This preparation, in the 
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is made by 
 infusing one ounce of slippery elm bark in a pint 
 of boiling water. 
 
 Infusum Valeria'nj5, Infusion of Vale'rian, 
 {Ead.valerian. in crass, pulv. ^ssj aq. buHient. Oj- 
 
INGENIUM 
 
 476 
 
 INJECTION 
 
 Macerate for an Lour, and strain. — Ph. D. and 
 U. S.) Dose, giss to gij. 
 
 Inpusum Zingib'eris, Infusion of Ginger, Gin- 
 ff'.f Tea. {Zinrjih, contus. §ss; aq. hullient. Oj. 
 Macerate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f^iss, as a carminative. 
 
 INGE'NIUM {Morhi). The genius of a dis- 
 ease. This Tvord is employed, especially by the 
 French, synonymously with nature. They speak, 
 for instance, of Genie inflammatoire, hilierix, &c. 
 Some, also, use genie in the place of type of an 
 intermittent. 
 
 INGrES'TA, from in, and gerere, gestitm, 'to 
 bear or carry into.' Substances, introduced into 
 the body by the digestive passages ; as food, con- 
 diments, di-inks, (fee. 
 
 INGrLU'VIES, Aples'tia, Victus intemperan'- 
 tia : — Gluttony, Insatiableness ; also, the Crop 
 or Craw of Birds, {F.)Jal)0t; and the first stomach 
 or paunch of ruminant animals — P en' ula, Rumen, 
 Venter maqnus. Also, the Pharvnx. 
 
 IXGRAS'SIAS, APOPH'YSES OF. The 
 lesser alas of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 INGRAVIDATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 INGRAVIDATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 INGRESSUS SUPERIOR, Cardia. 
 
 IXGJEN", Buhon, Bubo, 'the groin.' ^dos'- 
 on, oLootov, He'jJatis emuneto'rin, (F.) Aine. The 
 oblique fold or depression which separates the ab- 
 domen from the thigh. It is only, properly speak- 
 ing, a line that extends from the anterior and su- 
 perior spinous process of the ilium to the middle 
 part of the horizontal ramus of the pubis. Also, 
 the genital organs. 
 
 IN'GUIXAL, Inguina'lia, from inguen, 'the 
 groin.' Belonging or relating to the groin. This 
 epithet has been given to various parts met with 
 in the region of the groin or inguinal region. 
 
 Inguinal Artery is that portion of the femoral 
 artery situate immediately beneath the crural 
 arch in the inguinal region. 
 
 Inguinal Canal is a canal, about two inches 
 in length, proceeding obliquely downwards, in- 
 wards and forwards at the lower part of the ab- 
 domen ; through which passes the spermatic cord, 
 in men, and the round ligament of the uterus in 
 women. This canal is formed, inferiorly and an- 
 teriorly, by the aponeurosis of the greater oblique 
 muscle ; posteriorly by the fascia transversalis, 
 which is joined to the preceding aponeurosis, and 
 forms with it a deep channel, into which are re- 
 ceived the lesser oblique and transversalis mus- 
 cles. The inguinal canal has two apertures ; the 
 one, the lower and inner, is called the inguinal or 
 abdominal ring. It is bounded by two strong ten- 
 dinous pillars, which fix it — the innermost to the 
 symphysis, the outermost to the spine of the pu- 
 bis. The upper and outer aperture is formed by 
 the fascia transversalis. From the edge of this 
 aperture arises a membranous funnel, — a pro- 
 longation of the fascia transversalis, — which re- 
 ceives the spermatic vessels ; forms their proper 
 sheath, and accompanies them as far as the tes- 
 ticle. On its inside lies the epigastric artery. 
 Above it, is the lower edge of the transversalis 
 muscle : and, below, it is bounded by the channel 
 of the greater oblique. By following the oblique 
 direction of this canal, and passing, consequently, 
 on the outside of the epigastric artery, the viscera 
 are displaced, so as to constitute internal inguinal 
 hernia. 
 
 In'cuinal RE'GiOjr, Re'gio {nguina'lis, Bubo, 
 Inguen. The region of the groin. 
 
 Inguinal Ring, Abdom'inal Ring, An'nuhts 
 ahaom'inis, (F.) Anneau Inguinal, is the inferior 
 aperture of ine inguinal canal. 
 
 IN'GUINO-CUTA'NEUS. A name given by 
 Professor Cbaussier to the midui« ramus of the 
 
 anterior branch of the first lumbar nerve; be- 
 cause it sends its numerous filaments to the groin, 
 scrotum, and to the skin of the superior part of 
 the thigh. 
 
 INH^RENS, Inherent. 
 
 INHALATIO, Absorption, Inhalation — i. Cu- 
 tis, see Absorption. 
 
 INHALA'TION, Inhala'tio ; from in and ^n- 
 lare, 'to breathe.' The act of drawing air or va- 
 pour into the lungs — Inhala'tio j9H?»iOHa7(«. 
 Also, absorption. 
 
 INHA'LER. Same etymon. An apparatus 
 for inhalation, lludge's Inhaler is an apparatus 
 for inhaling the steam of hot water, in aft'ections 
 of the air-passages. It consists of a pewter tank- 
 ard provided with a lid, into which a flexible tube 
 is inserted. Through this, the vapour is inhaled. 
 
 INHE'RENT, Inhcerens, {in, and harens.) 
 That which adheres, or which is joined or united 
 to any thing. 
 
 Inherent Cautert, (F.) Cautere inherent, is 
 the actual cautery, left in contact with a part 
 until it is reduced to the state of a deep eschar. 
 
 INHUMA'TION, Inhuma'tio, from inhumo, (in, 
 and humus,) 'I put into the ground.' Inhuma'tio. 
 The sepulture of the dead. This belongs to the 
 subject of medical police. 
 
 INIAD, see Inial. 
 
 IN'IAL, from iviov, the ridge of the occiput. 
 An epithet, proposed by Dr. Barclay, for an as- 
 pect towards the plane of the ridge of the occi- 
 put. Iniad is employed by him adverbially to 
 signify ' towards the inial aspect.' 
 
 INIODYMUS, Diprosopus. 
 
 INION, iviov. Some of the Greek physicians 
 give this name to the occiput, or the ridge of the 
 occiput; others to the back part of the neck, and 
 the muscles of the occiput. Blanchard says it is 
 the commencement of the spinal marrow. 
 
 INI'TIS, Inohymeni' tis, from is, gen. ivo;, ' a 
 fibre,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. 
 Fibrous inflammation. 
 
 liSflTIUM, Arche — i. Asperse arterige, Larynx 
 — i. Extuberans Coli, Csecum. 
 
 INIUM, iviov. The nucha. Also, the muscles 
 at the back of the neck. See Inion. 
 
 INJACULA'TIO. A term employed by Yan 
 Helmont to designate an acute pain of the sto- 
 mach, with rigidity and immobility of the body. 
 
 INJECT'ED, Injec'tus, from injieere, (in, and 
 jacere, ' to throw into.' The face and other parts 
 are said to be injected, when the accumulation of 
 blood in the capillary vessels gives them an evi- 
 dent red colour. A subject or part of a subject, 
 is also said to be injected, when its vessels havo 
 been filled, by the anatomist, with an appropriate 
 composition. 
 
 INJECTION, Injec'tio, Eis'bole : same ety- 
 mon. The act of introducing, by means of a sy- 
 ringe or other instrument, a liquid into a cavity 
 of the body. The liquid injected is also called an 
 injection. Anatomists use injections — Injectio'- 
 nes anatom'iccE — for filling the cavities of ves- 
 sels, in order that they may be rendered more 
 apparent, and their dissection be facilitated. For 
 this purpose, they employ syringes of difi"ereut 
 dimensions, and various materials. The most 
 common injections are made of soot, wax. and 
 turpentine, coloured with lamp-black, vermilion, 
 &c. There are three kinds chiefly used by ana- 
 tomists, — the coarse, the _^)ie, and the minute. 
 The following are formula for each. 
 Coarse Injection. 
 No. 1. 
 
 Pure yellow wax, oz. xvj. 
 
 Bleached rosin, oz. viij. 
 
 Turpentine varnish, by measure, oz. yj, ' 
 
INJECTION 
 
 477 
 
 INNOMINATUM 
 
 No. 2. 
 Yellow rosin, lb. ij. 
 Yelloio xoax, lb. j. 
 
 Turpentine varnish, a sufficient quantity to 
 make the mixture flexible when cold. 
 No. 3. - 
 Tallow, lb. ij. 
 White wax, oz. X. 
 Gotnmon oil, oz. vj. 
 Yeniee turpentine, oz. iv. 
 Mix and liquefy over a slow fire or over boiling 
 
 water. 
 To make any of these mixtures. 
 Red — add vermilion, oz. iij. 
 Yellow — King's yelloio, oz. iiss. 
 White — best flake white, oz. vss. 
 T, , ,, f best flake white, oz. iiiss. 
 
 Jr-ale-blue j^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^,2. iiiss. 
 
 Dark-blue — blue verditer, oz. xss. 
 Black — lamp-black, oz. j. 
 
 C powdered verdigris, oz. ivss. 
 Green i best flake white, oz. iss. 
 
 [^powdered gamboge, oz. j. 
 
 Fine Injection. 
 
 Broion spirit varnish, oz. iv. 
 White spirit varnish, oz. iv. 
 Turpentine varnish, oz. j. 
 
 To make this mixture, 
 
 Red — add vermilion, oz. j. 
 
 Yellow — King's yellow, oz. jj. 
 
 White — best flake white, oz. ij. 
 
 T • 1 i 1 1 f fine blue smalt, oz. iss. 
 Light-blue Y^^^^ j^^j^^ ^^y^^^ ^^_ jl 
 
 Dark-blue — blue verditer, oz. iv. 
 Black — lamjD-black, oz. ss. 
 
 Minute Injection. 
 
 Take of transparent size, broken to pieces, or 
 Isinglass, oz. viij. 
 Water, lb. iss. Dissolve. 
 
 To make this mixture. 
 
 Red — add vermilion, oz. v. 
 Yellow — King's yelloio, oz. iv. 
 White — best flake white, oz. v. 
 Blue — fine blue smalt, oz. viij. 
 
 C powdered verdigris, oz. iij. 
 Green < best flake white, dr. ij. 
 
 {^powdered gamboge, dr. j. 
 Black — lamp-blaek, oz. j. 
 Beautiful injections are made with ether as 
 the menstruum. 
 
 Cold Injection. 
 White lead and red lead, each, oz. iv; linseed 
 oil, enough to form a thick paste when they 
 are rubbed well together. Liquefy this paste 
 with turpentine varnish, oz. viij. 
 The advantage of this mixture is, that the sub- 
 ject need not be heated. 
 
 In order to inject the arteries, the injection 
 must be forced from the great trunks towards 
 their ultimate ramifications. To inject the veins, 
 on the contrary, it is indispensable, on account of 
 their valves, to send the injection from the smaller 
 divisions towards the greater. The lymphatics 
 are usually injected with mercury. The practi- 
 tioner injects, by forcing with a syringe, liquids, 
 such as emollient, narcotic, stimulant, and other 
 decoctions or infusions, into different hollow or- 
 gans, as the rectum, vagina, nasal fossse, urethra, 
 tunica vaginalis, auditory canal, &c., to fulfil va- 
 rious therapeutical indications. 
 
 The following injection has been strongly re- 
 commended by Dr. Horner to preserve the dead 
 body. 
 
 Take of Liverpool St. Uhes, 
 
 or Turk's Island Salt, oz. 36 avoird. 
 Nitrate of potassa, " 19 
 
 Carbonate of soda, " 8 
 
 3Iola8ses [Sugar-house,) " 4 by meas. 
 Water, six pints. 
 
 The saline constituents to be dissolved first of 
 all in boiling hot water ; the molasses to be after- 
 wards stirred in : the starch to be mixed well with 
 half a pint of cold water, and then to be stirred 
 in with the other articles. As soon as it begins 
 to boil, the whole mass swells up, when it must 
 be removed from the fire. On the proper reduc- 
 tion of temperature it is fit for use. 
 
 Injection, Matthews's, see Tinctura cantha- 
 ridis. 
 
 Injectiones AnatomicjE, see Injection. 
 INK, Atramentum. 
 IN-KNEED, Entogonyankon. 
 IN'NATE, from in, and natus, ' born.' Inborn. 
 Innate Diseases, Ilorhi conna'ti, 31. congen'- 
 iti, (F.) Maladies innees. Diseases with which 
 the infant is born. They are not always heredi- 
 tary, as hereditary diseases are not always innate. 
 INNERLEITHEN, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. These springs, situate near the Tweed, and 
 supposed to be the scene of " St. Ronan's Well," 
 contain chlorides of sodium and calcium, and car- 
 bonate of magnesia. 
 
 INNERVA'TION, Innerva'tio, from in, 'in,' 
 and nermis, 'a nerve.' By this term is meant — 
 the nervous influence, necessary for the mainten- 
 ance of life and the functions of the various or- 
 gans; — an influence of whose character and 
 source we are ignorant. It seems to resemble 
 the galvanic or electric agencies. See Nerves. 
 
 INNOMINA'TUM, Anon'ymum, from in, priv. 
 and nomen, 'a name.' {"E.) Anonyme. Having 
 no name. 
 
 Innomina'tA Arte'eia, Brachio-cephal'ic ar- 
 tery, A. brachio-cephalique (Ch.), — Arte'ria anon'- 
 yma, Eight Subclavian, (F.) Artere innoniinee, is 
 the trunk common to the right primitive carotid 
 and to the subclavian. It arises from the ante- 
 rior part of the arch of the aorta, ascends obliquely 
 to the right, along the trachea ; and, after a course 
 of about an inch in length, divides into two trunks, 
 which go off at right angles. The one is exter- 
 nal — the right subclavian proper ; the other su- 
 perior — the primitive carotid, of the same side. 
 Innominata Caetilago, Cricoid. 
 Innominata Cav'itas. a cavity of the outer 
 ear, between the helix and anthclix. 
 
 Innominatum Foea'men. a foramen, near the 
 middle of the anterior surface of the pars petrosa 
 of the temporal bone, leading backwards for the 
 passage of the Vidian nerve, reflected from the 2d 
 branch of the 5th to the portio dura of the 7th pair. 
 Innominata Fossa, see Fossa. 
 Innominata Linea, see Ilio-pectinea Linea. 
 Innominati vel Anonymi Neevi. Some ana- 
 tomists have thus called the nerves of the fifth 
 pair. 
 
 Innominatum Os, Os Coxen'dicis, Os Coxa, Os 
 anon'ymum, Os pelvis latera'le, (F.) Os innomiiie, 
 Os Coxal, Os anonyme, &c. A very large, flat 
 bone, which forms the anterior and lateral paries 
 of the pelvis. It is curved upon itself in two op- 
 posite directions. In the first periods of life, it 
 is composed of three portions; — the ilium, ischi- 
 um, and pubis, which join each other in the ace- 
 tabulum. It is articulated before with its fellow, 
 — behind, with the sacrum ; and laterally witli 
 the femur. 
 
 Innominata Mino'ea Ossa, — Lesser Ossa in. 
 nominata, Ossic'ula innomina'ta. Some anato- 
 mists have given this name to the three cuneiforia 
 bones of the tarsus. 
 
INNOMINATUS 
 
 478 
 
 INSOMNIA 
 
 IiTNOMiNATA OssicuLA, Iiinominata minora 
 ossa — i. Tunica Oeuli, Sclerotic. 
 
 IXNOMISATJE VeX.E OF ViEUSSENS. VieuSSCDS 
 
 has given tliis name to two or three veins, which 
 arise on the anterior surface and right margin of 
 the heart, and open into the auricle towards its 
 right margin. The term Ven^ iNNOMiNATiE of 
 Meckel is given to the hrachiocephaiic veins, 
 which are generally included in the description 
 of the subclavian vein, and correspond to the 
 arteriee innominatee, beins formed by the union 
 of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian 
 properly so called, which correspond to the com- 
 mon carotid and subclavian arteries, 
 
 INNOMINATUS, Anonymous. 
 
 IXNUTSITIO OSSIUM, Rachitis. 
 
 IXOCULA'TION, Inocida'tio, Insit"io, InsW'io 
 variola' rum, from inocnlare, (in, and ocuhis, 'an 
 eye,') ' to ingraft.' Any operation by which 
 small-pox, for example, may be artificially com- 
 municated, by introducing the virus of the parti- 
 cular disease into the economy, by means of a 
 puncture or scratch made in the skin. When the 
 word inoculation is used alone, it usually means 
 that for the small-pox, — Variola' tion. 
 
 IxocuLATiox, Cowpos, Vaccination — i. Jenne- 
 'fian. Vaccination. 
 
 Ilv'OC'ULATOR, Same etymon. In'aitor. One 
 who practises inoculation. 
 
 INODULAR TISSUE, see Tissue, modular. 
 
 INQDULE, Tissue, inodular. 
 
 INOHYLOMA, Tumor, fibrous. 
 
 INOHTMEXI'TIS : from ig, gen. ivog, 'a fibre;' 
 'vfiriv, ' a membrane,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflarnma'tio telcB fihro'ecB. Inflamma- 
 tion of the fibrous tissue. 
 
 INOPOLYPUS, see Polypus. 
 
 INORGAN'IC, Inorgan'icns, Unor'ganized, 
 (Fr.) Inorganique ; from in, priv. and orgnnum, 
 *an organ.' A term applred to bodies which 
 have no organs ; — such as minerals. At the pre- 
 sent day, naturalists admit of but two classes of 
 bodies,- — the organized and inorganic. Parts of 
 the body which, like the epidermis, are devoid 
 of blood-vessels and nerves, have been called an- 
 organic. 
 
 INOSCEERO'MA, from is, gen. ivoi, 'a fibre,' 
 and (TKXripiiifta, 'induration.' Induration of the 
 fibrous tissue. 
 
 INOSCULATIO, Anastomosis. 
 
 INQUIES, Inquietude. 
 
 INQUIETATIO, Inquietude. 
 
 INQUI'ETUDE, Inquietu'do, In'qiiies, Inquie- 
 ta'tio, Jactita'tio, from in, priv. and quies, 'rest.' 
 Agitation or trouble, caused by indisposition. 
 Restlessness. 
 
 INQUINAMENTUM, Miasm. 
 
 IXQUISITIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see Me- 
 dico-legal. 
 
 INSALIVA'TIOX, Insaliva'tio, from in, and 
 nfiliva. The mixture of the food with the saliva, 
 ;uid other secretions of the mouth. 
 
 INSALU'BRIOUS, Insaln'hris, Nosc'ros, No- 
 eo'des. That which is unhealthy, — which injures 
 the health. 
 
 INSANABILIS, Incurable. 
 
 INSANE, Insa'mia ; from in, 'un,' and sanna, 
 ' sound ;' AHena'tiis, Crazy, Jlfad, Non-sane, I)e- 
 mented, Deranged, (F.) Aliene, Fou, Intense. One 
 aft'ected with mental aberration, or of unsound 
 inind. 
 
 INSANIA, Mania — i. Cadiva, Epilepsy — i. Lu- 
 pina, Lyeanthropia — i. Puerperarum, Mania, puer- 
 peral 
 
 Ij:5I S AN'ITY, Inna'nia ; from in, privative, and 
 »nn«», 'sound;' Mental aliena'tion, Ahaliena'tio 
 «eu Alie7iatio Mentis. Arrep'tio, Unsound Mind, 
 
 Derange'ment, Deranged intellect, Cra'zinesr, 
 ApJiros'yne, Ecphro'nia, EcpTiros'yne, Parol' Ui/jP., 
 Parallax'is, Delir'ia, Veea'nicB. Delir'ium, (Crich- 
 ton,) Insipien'tia, (F.) Folic, JEgarernent d' Esprit, 
 Paraphrenic. This term includes all the varie- 
 ties of unsound mind, — Mania, Melancholia, 
 Moral Insanity, Dementia, and Idiocy. A slight, 
 degree of insanity is sometimes popularly called 
 "a kiyik in the head;" in Scotland, "a hee in 
 the bonnet." 
 
 Insanity, Homicidal, see Homicidal — i. Inco- 
 herent, Dementia — i. Moral, Pathomania — i. 
 Puerperal, Mania, puerperal — i. Senile, Delirium 
 senile — i. Suicidal, see Suicide. 
 
 INSANUS, Insane. 
 
 INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate. 
 
 INSCRIPTIO'NES TEXDIN'E^ MUSCTJ- 
 LO'RUM, Intersectio'nes seu Enervatio'nes ten- 
 din' ecB musculo' rum, Interme' dia ligarnenta'lia seu 
 ner'vea. The tendinous portions which cross 
 several muscles, and especially the straight mus- 
 cles of the abdomen. 
 
 INSENESCENTIA, Agerasia. 
 
 INSENSE, Insane. 
 
 INSENSIBIL'ITY, AhcBSthe'sia, InsensihU'i- 
 tas. Loss or absence of sensibility. It is very 
 common in cerebral affections, and may extend 
 to every part, or be limited to one or more. 
 Some organs are much more sensible than others. 
 The bones, cartilages, ligaments, <tc., are insen- 
 sible in health, but acutely sensible in disease. 
 
 INSEN'SIBLE, Sensihilita'te carens. That 
 which is devoid of sensibility. This word is ap- 
 plied, also, to phenomena which cease to be ap- 
 preciable to the senses. Thus, we say, the pulse 
 become? insensible. 
 
 INSER'TION, Inser'tio, Symph'ysis, Eno'sis, 
 from inserere, (in, and severe, 'to join or knit,') 
 'to ingraft.' (F.) Attache. The attachment of 
 one part to another. Insertions occur chiefly on 
 bones, cartilages, and fibrous organs ; thus, we 
 speak of the insertion of muscular fibres into a 
 tendon or aponeurosis; the insertion of atendon, 
 aponeurosis, or ligament, into a cartilage or bone. 
 The word insertion has likewise been used by 
 pathologists, for the act of inoculating or intro- 
 ducing a virus into the body. 
 
 INSES'SIO, from insidere, (in, and sedere,) 
 ' to sit in.' This term is, sometimes, applied to a 
 vapour bath, the person being seated in a perfo- 
 rated chair, beneath which a vessel, filled with 
 hot water, or the hot decoction of some plant, is 
 placed. See Semicupium. 
 
 INSESSUS, Bath, half. 
 
 INSIDEN'TIA, Epis'tasis. Any thing which 
 swims on or in the urine. It is opposed to the 
 Eypos'tosis or subsiden'tia. 
 
 INSIPIENTIA. Insanitv. 
 
 INSISIO CILIORUM, Blepharoplastice. 
 
 INSITIO, Inoculation— i. Dentis, Transplant- 
 atio Dentis — i. Variolarum, Inoculation. 
 
 INSOLA'TION, Insola'tio, from in, and sol, 
 'the sun;' Apriea'fio, Helio'sis, Heli'usls, Helio- 
 no'sis, Siri'asis. Exposure to the sun. Exposure 
 of a patient to the rays of the sun is, sometimes, 
 had recourse to, with the view of rousing the 
 vital forces when languishing, or of producing 
 irritation of the skin. Insolation is occasionally 
 used in the same sense as coup de soleil. 
 
 In Pharmacy, insolation means the drying of 
 chemical and pharmaceutical substances. 
 
 INSOLAZIOXE DE PRIM I VERA, Pel- 
 lagra. 
 
 INSOM'NIA, Tnsom'nitas, Sahara, Zaara, 
 Pervigil'ium, Pernoeta'tio, Ai/p'nia, Agi-yp'tiia, 
 Ahyp'nia, Anyp'uia, Typhoma'nia, Sleep' lessness, 
 Yig"ilance, from in, privative, and somniis, 'sleep,' 
 
INSOMNIUM 
 
 479 
 
 INTEMPERANCE 
 
 } 
 
 40 
 
 'absence of sleep.' This may exist alone, and 
 constitute a true disease ; or it may be connected 
 with another alfection. It is an unequivocal sign 
 of suffering in some organ ; even when the pa- 
 tient experiences no pain. 
 
 IjSTSOxMA^IUM, Somnium. 
 
 INSPECTIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see Me- 
 dico-legal. 
 
 INS P IRA TE UR, Inspiratory. 
 
 INSPIRA'TION, Inspira'tio, Empnemnato'sia, 
 Eisp'noe, Adspira'tio, Aspira'tio, from in, 'in,' 
 and spiro, 'I breathe.' The action by which the 
 air penetrates into the interior of the lungs. A 
 movement opposed to that of expiration. As re- 
 gards the average quantity of air received into 
 the lungs at each inspiration, there is much dis- 
 crepancy amongst observers. The following table 
 sufficiently exhibits this : — 
 
 Cubic inches at 
 each inspiration. 
 
 Reil 42 to 100 
 
 Menzies, 
 
 Sanvages, 
 
 Hales, 
 
 Haller, 
 
 Ellis, 
 
 Sprengel, 
 
 Sommering. 
 
 Thomson, 
 
 Bostoek, 
 
 Jurin 35 to 38 
 
 Fontana 35 
 
 Rieherand 30 to 40 
 
 Dalton 30 
 
 Jeffreys 26 
 
 Herbst 24 to 30 
 
 Herholdt 20 to 29 
 
 Jurine and Coathupe 20 
 
 Allen and Pepys 16J 
 
 J. Borelli 15 to 40 
 
 Goodwyn 14 
 
 SirH. Davy 13 to 17 
 
 Abernethy and Mojon 12 
 
 Keutsch 6 to 12 
 
 IxspiRATiON OP Venous Blood. By this is 
 meant the aspiration of blood towards the heart, 
 occasioned by the approach to a vacuum pro- 
 ducod by the dilatation of the thorax during in- 
 spiration. 
 
 IN'SPIRATORY. Same etymon. Inspira- 
 tio'ni inser'viens, (P.) Inajiirateur. A name given 
 to muscles, which, by their contraction, augment 
 the size of the chest, and thus produce inspira- 
 tion. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles 
 are the chief agents of inspiration. In cases 
 where deep inspirations are necessary, the action 
 of these muscles is aided by the contraction of 
 the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, subela- 
 vius, serratus major anticus, scaleni, serratus pos- 
 ticus superior, &c. Most of these muscles be- 
 come inspiratory, by taking their fixed point at 
 the part which they ordinarily move, and elevat- 
 ing the ribs. 
 
 INSPISSA'TIO, Pycno'sis, from in, and spia- 
 tare, ' to thicken.' The act of rendering thick ; 
 as in the formation of an extract — Suceiis Inapis- 
 ea'tus. 
 
 INSTEP, Collnm pedis, (F.) Goude-pied, Cou 
 dti pied. The projection at the upper part of the 
 foot, near its articulation with the leg — the tarsus, 
 
 INSTILLATIO, Instillation. 
 
 INSTILLA'TION, Enstalax'is, Instilla'tio, 
 from in, 'into,' and stilla, 'a, drop.' The act of 
 pouring a liquid drop by drop. 
 
 INSTINCT, (L.) Instinc'tus, {in, anistinffuo, 'I 
 sling,') ' inwardly moved.' Bru'tia, Horme. The 
 action of the living principle, whenever manifestly 
 directing its operations to the heaith, preservation, 
 
 or reproduction of a living frame or any part of 
 such frame — JloU'men naiu'rcB saluta'rium. The 
 law of instinct is, consequently, the law of tho 
 living principle, and instinctive actions are the 
 actions of the living principle. Instinct is natu- 
 ral. Reason is acquired. 
 
 INSTINCTIVE, Instinc'tus. Same etymon. 
 Relating to or caused by instinct,- as instinctive 
 actions. See Emotional. Those instinctive ac- 
 tions of animals which are owing to impressions 
 made on the sensory ganglia, exciting respondent 
 motor influences that are propagated to the va- 
 rious muscles of the body, are termed eo-nsen- 
 siial. 
 
 INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, see Theory 
 of medicine. 
 
 INSTITUTUM ORTHOP^DICUM, Ortho- 
 pedic institution. 
 
 IN'STRUMENT, Instrumen'tum, Or'ganum. A 
 tool, an agent. 
 
 INSTRIJMENTA, Pudibilia. 
 INSTRUMEN'TUM CHIRUR'GICUM. A 
 surgical tool or instrument. 
 
 Instrumentum Digestionis. The digestive 
 apparatus. 
 
 Instrumentum Instrumentorum, Manus. 
 INSUFFICIENCY, from in, and sufficient. 
 Inadequateness to any end or purpose, — as In- 
 sufficiency of the valves of the heart ; (F.) Insuffi- 
 sance des valvules du Coeur ; — a condition in which 
 they are not adapted, as in health, to properly 
 close the apertures. 
 
 INSUFFISANCE DES VALVULES DU 
 CCEUR, Insufficiency of the valves of the heart. 
 INSUFFLA'TION, Insuffla'tio, from in, suh, 
 and flare, ' to blow.' The act of blowing a gas 
 or vapour into some cavity of the body ; as when 
 tobacco smoke is injected into the rectum ; or 
 when air is blown into the mouths of new-bore 
 children to excite the respiratory functions. 
 INSULA, Insula cerebri. 
 
 In'sula Cer'ebri, Island or In'sula of Eeil. 
 The intermediate lobe of the brain, Lobus inter- 
 me'dius cer'ebri. A remarkable group of convolu- 
 tions within the fissure of Sylvius. It is called, 
 by Cruveilhier, Lobule of the Fissure of Si/lcius, 
 Lobule of the corpus striatum. The 'island' of 
 Reil, with the substantia perforata, forms the 
 base of the corpus striatum. 
 Insula Sanguinis, see Blood. 
 INSULTUS, Attack, Paroxysm. 
 INSURANCE OF LIFE, see Life Insurance. 
 INTEGRITAS, Sanitas, Virginity. 
 INTEG'UMENT, Integumen'tum, Tegumen'- 
 tum, Teg'umen, Teg'imen, Tegmen, Involu'crum 
 seu Velamen'tum corp'oris commu'ne ; Vela'men 
 seu Velamentum nati'vum, from in and tegere, 'to 
 cover.' (F.) Tegument. Any thing which serves 
 to cover, to envelop. The aldn, including the 
 cuticle, rete mucosum, and cutis vera is the com- 
 mon integument or tegument of the body. 
 
 INTEGUMEN'TA FCETUS. The membranes 
 surrounding the foetus in utero. 
 
 IN'TELLECT, Intellec'tus, Nous, Mens, Git^wc, 
 Nqos, Nus, Noe'sis, Syn'esis, from intelligere, 
 {inter, 'between,' and legere, 'to choose;') 'to 
 understand,' 'conceive,' 'know.' (F.) Entende- 
 ment. Intelligence. The aggregate of the intel 
 lectual faculties — perception, formation of ideas, 
 memory, and judgment. 
 
 Intellect, Deranged, Insanity. 
 INTELLIGENCE, Intellect. 
 INTEM'PERANCE, Intern per an' ti a ; Immode- 
 ran'tia, Immodera'tio, Acra'sia, Acola'sia, Ples'- 
 mone, Amet'ria, Ajyles'tia, from in, ' negation,' 
 and temperare, 'to temper.' Immoderate use of 
 food and drink, especially the latter; — a fruitful 
 source of disease. 
 
INTEMPERIES 
 
 480 
 
 INTERLOBULAR 
 
 TNTEMPER'IES. Same etymon. Dyscra'aia. 
 Derangement in the constitution of the atmo- 
 f phere and of the seasons ; bad constitution ; de- 
 rangement or disorder in the humours of the 
 body. 
 
 INTENSrVUS, Entaticos. 
 
 IXTEN'TION, Inten'tio, from in, and tendere, 
 ' to stretch.' P ropoa' itum. The object which 
 one proposes. In surgery, a wound is said to heal 
 hy the first intention, Meu'nio per primam inten- 
 tio'nem, when cicatrization occurs without suppu- 
 ration ; union by the second intention, Reu'nio per 
 aecun' dam intentio'nem, being that, which does 
 not occur until the surfaces have suppurated. 
 To obtain union by the first intention, the edges 
 of a recent wound must be brought in apposition 
 and kept together by means of adhesive plasters 
 and a proper bandage. Delpech has substituted 
 for those expressions. Reunion primitive, and Me- 
 liuion secondaire. 
 
 INTERANEA, Entrails. 
 
 INTERARTIC'ULAR, Interarticula'ria. Parts 
 situate between the articulations are so called; 
 as interarticular cartilages, interarticular liga- 
 m£nts, &c. 
 
 INTERCA'DENCE, Inter caden'tia, Interci- 
 den'tia, from inter, 'between,' and cadere, 'to 
 fall.' Disorder of the arterial pulsations, so that, 
 every now and then, a supernumerary pulsation 
 occurs. The pulse, in such case, is said to be 
 intercurrent. 
 
 INTER'CALART, Intercala'ria, Inter'cidena, 
 irova. inttrcalare, * to insert.' Emhol'imos, Inter- 
 pola'tns, Provocato'riua. The days which occur 
 between those that are critical. The term has, 
 also, been applied to the days of apyresia in in- 
 termittent fevers. 
 
 INTERCEL'LULAR PAS'SAGES. A term 
 given by Mr. Rainey to irregular passages through 
 the substance of the lung, which form the termi- 
 nations of the bronchial tubes, are clustered with 
 air-cells, and not lined by mucous membrane. 
 
 Intercellular Substance, see Cytoblastema. 
 
 INTERCEP'TIO, from inter, 'between,' and 
 eapere, 'to take.' A bandage, by the aid of 
 which the ancients proposed to arrest the pro- 
 gress of the material cause of gout and rheu- 
 matism ; and which consisted in covering the 
 affected limbs with carded wool ; surrounding 
 them, afterwards, with broad bandages, applied 
 from the fingers to the axilla, or from the toes 
 to the groin. 
 
 Interceptio Intestinorum, Heus. 
 
 INTER CERVICAUX, Interspinals colli. 
 
 INTERCIDENS, Intercalary. 
 
 INTERCIDENTIA, Intercadenee. 
 
 INTERCILIUM, Mesophryon. 
 
 INTERCLAVICULAR, Interclavicula'ria, 
 from inter, 'between,' and clavicula, 'a clavicle.' 
 That which is placed between the clavicles. 
 
 Interclavicular Ltg'ajient is a fibrous bun- 
 dle, placed transversely above the extremity of 
 the sternum, between the heads of the two clavi- 
 cles. This ligament is flat. Its fibres, which 
 are always longer above than below, are sepa- 
 rated by small apertures, which are traversed by 
 vessels. It prevents the separation of the two 
 clavicles in the forced deprc-ssion of the shoulder. 
 
 INTERCOS'TAL, Intercoata'lis, from inter, 
 'between,' and costa, 'a rib.' Mesopleu'rus, Me- 
 K ipleu'rina. That which is situate between the 
 ribs. (F.) Sova-coatal. 
 
 Intercostal AR'TERiESvaryin number. There 
 is constantly, however, a supe'rior, Arte'ria In- 
 terroata'lia aupe'rior vel Intercoata'lia subcla'via, 
 which is given off from the posterior part of the 
 subclavian, and which sends branches into th# 
 first two or three intercostal spaces ; and, gene- 
 
 rally, eight or nine inferior or aortic intercoatah. 
 These arise from the lateral and posterior parts 
 of the pectoral aorta, and ascend obliquely in 
 front of the vertebral column, to gain the inter- 
 costal spaces, where they divide into a dorsal 
 branch and an intercostal, properly so called. 
 
 Intercostal Muscles are distinguished into 
 internal, — inter-jjlevrocostaux of Dumas, — and 
 external. The former are inserted into the inner 
 lip, the latter into the outer lip of the edge of the 
 ribs. The fibres of the external intercostals are 
 directed obliquely downwards and forwards; and 
 those of the internal downwards and backwards. 
 Both are inspiratory or expiratory muscles, ac- 
 cording as they take their origin on the upper or 
 lower rib. Some small, fleshy fibres, seen occa- 
 sionally at the inner surface of the thorax, de- 
 scending obliquely from one rib to another, have 
 been called Infracostalea. 
 
 Intercostal Nerve, Trisplanehnie nerve. 
 
 Intercostal Nerves, Branches sonscoatahs 
 (Ch.), Costal or Dorsal nerves, proceed from the 
 anterior branches of the dorsal nerves. They 
 are twelve in number, and are distributed espe- 
 cially to the muscles of the parietes of the chest 
 and abdomen. 
 
 Intercostal Space, Interval'him sen Inter- 
 etit"ittm intereoata'le, Meaopleu'rnm, Mesopleu'- 
 rium, is the interval which separates one rib from 
 that immediately above or below it. 
 
 Intercostal Veins are distinguished like the 
 arteries. The right superior intercostal vein is 
 often wanting. When it exists, it opens into tlie 
 back part of the subclavian. The same vein of 
 the left side is very large. It communicates with 
 the demi-azygos, receives the left bronchial vein, 
 and opens into the corresponding subclavian. 
 The right inferior intercostal veins open into the 
 vena azygos ; and those of the left into the demi- 
 azygos. 
 
 INTERCOS'TO-HU'MERAL NERVES. So 
 called from their origin and distribution. They 
 are the cutaneous branches of the second and 
 third intercostal nerves. 
 
 INTERCUR'RENT, Inter cur' reus, from inter, 
 'between,' and currere, 'to run.' Diseases are 
 so called which supervene at different seasons of 
 the j'car, or which cannot be considered as be- 
 longing to any particular season. — Sydenham. 
 A disease is likewise so termed which occurs in 
 the course of another disease, as Intercurrent 
 Pneumonia. 
 
 INTERCUTANEUS, Subcutaneous. 
 
 INTERDEN'TIUM, from inter, 'between,' and 
 dens, ' a tooth.' The interval between teeth of 
 the same order. — Linden. 
 
 INTERBIGITAIRE, Interdigital. 
 
 INTERDIG"ITAL, Interdigita'lis, (F.) Inter, 
 digitaire, same etymon as the next. That which 
 relates to the spaces between the fingers. Inter- 
 digital apace, (F.) Eapace interdigitaire, is used, 
 also, for the commissure between the fingers. 
 
 INTERDIGIT"IUM, from inter, 'between,' 
 and digitus, ' a finger.' A corn or wart, which 
 grows between the fingers and toes, especially 
 between the latter. — Pliny. 
 
 INTEREPINEUX CERVICAUX, Interspi- 
 nales colli. 
 
 INTERFINIUM NARIUM, Septum narium. 
 
 ENTERFCEMINEUM, Perinaum, Vulva. 
 
 INTERFORAMINEUM, Perineum. 
 
 INTERGANGLION'IC, Interganglionicua, 
 from inter, 'between,' find ganglion, ' aknot.' An 
 epithet for nervous cords, placed between gan- 
 glia, which they connect together. 
 
 INTERITUS, Death. 
 
 INTERLOB'ULAR, Interlobula'ris, from inter, 
 
INTEEMAXILLART 
 
 4S1 
 
 INTEROSSEOUS 
 
 'be" Teen,' and lohihis, 'a, small lobe.' That 
 whiin is between lobes, — as of the lungs. 
 
 Is .iiELOBrLAR FissuRE. The interval between 
 the iDbules of the liver. See Liver. 
 
 lyXERLOBtJLAE PlEXUS OF THE BiLIARyDcCTS. 
 
 See Liver. 
 
 Interlobular Spaces. The angular inter- 
 stices formed in the liver by the apposition of 
 several lobules. 
 
 Interlob'ular Tisstje, Textum interlohula're, 
 Ligamen'ta interlobida'ria j>^'fnio'nu-m. The cel- 
 lular tissue between the pulmonary lobules. 
 
 Interlobular Veins, see Liver. 
 
 INTERMAX'ILLART, IntermaxiUa' ris, from 
 inter, 'between,' and maxilla, 'a jaw.' That 
 which is situate between the maxillary bones. 
 
 Intermaxillary Bone, Inci'sive, Pal'atine, or 
 I.ahial bone, is a bony portion, wedged in between 
 the two superior maxillary bones, which supports 
 ti'ie upper incisors. This bone is found in the 
 mammalia; and, also, in the human foetus. 
 
 INTERCEDE, Excipient. 
 
 INTERMEDIA LIGAMEXTALIA seu NER- 
 VEA, Inscriptiones tendinete musculorum. 
 
 INTER3IEDIAIRE BE WRISBERG, Por- 
 tio Wrisbergii. 
 
 INTERMEDIATE VASCULAR SYSTEM, 
 Capillary system. 
 
 INTERMENT, PREMATURE, Zoothapsis. 
 
 INTERMIS'SION, Interims' sio, Dialeiji'sis, 
 Uialip' sis, Tempus intereala' re, Interval'lum, {rom. 
 infer, 'between,' and mittere, 'to put or send.' 
 (F.) Intermittence. The interval which occurs 
 between two paroxysms of an intermittent or 
 other disease— during which the patient is almost 
 in his natural state. There is said to be inter- 
 tiiiasion of the pulse, when, in a given number of 
 pulsations, one or more may be wanting. 
 
 INTERMITTENCE, Intermission. 
 
 INTERMIT'TENT, Intermit' tens. Same ety- 
 mon. That which has intermissions. 
 
 Intermittent Eever, Febris intermit'tens, Bi- 
 cleip'yra. Intermittens, An'etus, Pyretohjpo'sie, 
 Ague, Ague and Fever, Fever and Ague, Palu'dal 
 Fever, Period' ic Fever, (F.) Fiem-e intermittente, 
 F. d'Accla, F. des marais, F. Periodique, is a fever 
 consisting of paroxysms, with a complete state 
 of apyresia in the intervals. The chief types 
 are the Quotidian, Tertian, and Quartan. The 
 symptoms of intermittents are those of a decided 
 and completely marked cold stage: (F.) Stade de 
 froid, attended with j)aleness; collaj)se,- im- 
 paired sensibility ; and coldness, more or less 
 ditfused, followed by general rigors. After this 
 occurs the hot stage; Stade de la Chaleur, the 
 heat returning partially and irregularly, and at 
 length becoming universal, and much above the 
 standard of health. The pulse is now hard and 
 strong; tongue white; urine high-coloured; thirst 
 considerable. At length, the sweating stage, (F.) 
 Stade de Sueur, makes its appearance; the mois- 
 ture usually beginning on the forehead, face, and 
 neck, and soon extending universally ; the heat 
 abating; thirst ceasing; the urine throwing down 
 a sediment, and the functions being gradually re- 
 stored to their wonted state. The tertian type is 
 the most common, and the quartan the most se- 
 vere. The quotidian more readily changes into 
 a remittent and continued fever. The quartan 
 has, generally, the longest cold stage, the tertian 
 the longest hot. The chief exciting cause is marsh 
 miasmata. Ague, also, occurs in districts where 
 there are no marshy emanations. Such districts 
 are, generally, of a volcanic nature ; farther we 
 know not. When the disease has once attacked 
 an individual, it is apt to recur. The prognosis 
 
 is, in general, favourable, as far as regards life; 
 but long protracted intermittents are apt to in- 
 duce visceral obstructions and engorgements, 
 which may end in dropsy. In some countries, 
 the disease is of a very pernicious character. The 
 indications of treatment are, 1. To abate the vio- 
 lence of the paroxysm; and, 2. To prevent its 
 return. The first "indication requires the adop- 
 tion of the general principles and remedies re- 
 quired in ordinarj' fever. The second is the most 
 important. The period of apyrexia is that for 
 action. The means for fulfilling this indication 
 are: — the use of emetics, purgatives, cinchona, 
 C|uinia, &c., arsenic, and forcible impressions made 
 on the mind of the patient. 
 
 INTERMUSCULAR, Intermuscula'ri^, from 
 inter, 'between,' and muscidus, 'a muscle.' That 
 which is placed between muscles. 
 
 iNTERjirs'crLAR ApoNEUEo'SES ,are aponeu- 
 rotic laminte or septa, situate between muscles, 
 to which the3'' often give attachment. 
 
 INTER'NAL, Inner, Inter'nus. That which is 
 placed on the inside. This epithet is given to 
 parts that look towards an imaginary central 
 plane, which divides the body into two equal and 
 symmetrical portions, as well as to those which 
 correspond with a cavity. Thus, we say — the in- 
 ner surface of tlie arm or iJiigJi — the inner surface 
 of the skull, &c. 
 
 Internal Diseases, Morbi inter'ni, are those 
 which occupy the inner parts of the body. Their 
 investigation belongs to the physician ; external 
 diseases falling under the management of the 
 surgeon. 
 
 INTERNA T. The post or office of an interne. 
 
 INTERNE, see House-Surgeon. 
 
 INTERNODIA DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha^ 
 langes of the fingers — i. Digitorum pedis. Pha- 
 langes of the toes. 
 
 INTERNO'DIUM, Mesagon'ium, from inter, 
 'between,' and nodus, 'a knot.' The part of the 
 fingers between the joints. A phalanx. 
 
 i'NTERNUN'CIAL, Intetnuneia'lis, from inter, 
 'between,' and nuncius, 'a messenger.' Relating 
 or belonging to a messenger between parties. A 
 term applied by Mr. Hunter to the function of 
 the nervous system. 
 
 INTERNUNTII DIES, Critical davs. 
 
 INTERNUS AURIS, Tensor tympani—i. Mal- 
 lei, Tensor tvmpani. 
 
 INTEROS'SEI I'ET>IS,3Ietatarso-phclan(nen. 
 lateral, (Ch.) The number, arrangement, shape, 
 and uses of these are the same as in the ease of 
 the preceding muscles. Four are dorsal, and 
 three 2}lo"tar : six belong to the three middle toes 
 and one to the little toe. The great toe is devoid 
 of them. As in the hand, they are distinguished, 
 in each toe, into .abductor and adductor. 
 
 INTERROS'SEOUS, Interos'scus. Thatwhich 
 is situate between the bones ; from inter, ' be- 
 tween,' and OS, 'a bone.' 
 
 Interosseous Ar'teries of the Forearst 
 AND Hand. Of thfse there are several. 1. The 
 common interosseous arterx/ arises from the poste- 
 rior part of the ulnar, a little below the bicipital 
 tuberosity of the radius ; passes backwards and 
 divides into two branches : the one called ante- 
 rior interosseous descends vertically, anterior to 
 the interosseous ligament; the other, called pos- 
 terior interosseous, passes above that ligament, 
 appears at its posterior part and divides into two 
 great branches, — the posterior recitrrent radial 
 and the piosferior interosseous, properly so called. 
 In the hand, — 1. The dorsal metacarjml interos- 
 seous arteries are given off by the dorsalis carpi, 
 a division of the radial artery. 2. The Palinnr 
 inter, -osseous arteries, which arise from the con- 
 vexity of the deep palmar arch, and give off thd 
 
INTEROSSEUX 
 
 482 
 
 INTERTRANSVERSALIS 
 
 middle tnferosseon.1 arteries. 3. The dorsal inter- 
 osseous of the index, proceeding directly from the 
 radial artery. In the foot, are distinguished: — 
 1. The dorsal interosseous arteries, three in num- 
 ber, which arise from the artery of the metatar- 
 sus, a branch of the dorsalis tarsi. 2. The plantar 
 intcrosseotis arteries, which are, also, three in 
 number, and arise from the plantar arch. 
 
 Interosseous Lig'aments. Ligaments seated 
 between certain bones, which they unite; such 
 .are the ligaments between the radius and ulna, 
 and between the tibia and fibula. 
 
 Inteuosseous Muscles. These occupy the 
 spaces between the bones of the metacarpus and 
 metatarsus ; and, consequently, belong, — some lo 
 the hand, others to the foot. 
 
 Interosseous Nerve is a branch, given off by 
 the median nerve, which descends before the in- 
 terosseous ligament, accompanying the artery of 
 the same name. 
 
 Interosseous Veins have the same arrange- 
 ment as the arteries. 
 
 Interosseus Manus, (F.) Muscle interosseux 
 d-e la 7nain. — 3Ietacar2)o-phalanrjien-lateral sus- 
 palmaire et metacarpo-phalangien latiral, (Ch.) 
 These muscles are seven in number; two for each 
 of the three middle fingers, and one for the little 
 finger. Four are situate on the back of the hand, 
 and three only in the palm. They are inserted 
 into the metacarpal bones, and send a tendon to 
 the tendon of the extensor communis. Accord- 
 ing to their office, they are, to each finger, an ad- 
 ductor and an abductor. The index has a dorsal 
 abductor and a palmar one. The middle finger 
 has two dorsal muscles for adductor and abduc- 
 tor; the ring finger has a dorsal adductor and a 
 palmar abductor ; and the little finger has only 
 one interosseous abductor, which is palmar. 
 These muscles produce abduction and adduction 
 of the fingers, which they can also extend, owing 
 to their connexion with the extensor tendons. 
 
 Interosseus Secundtjs, Prior medii digiti — i. 
 Quartus, Prior annularis. 
 
 INTEROSSEUX BE LA MAIN, Interosseus 
 manfis. 
 
 INTERPARIETAL BONE, Os Interparie- 
 ta'le. A bone found in the skulls of the children 
 of the Peruvian races. It lies in the situation 
 of the upper angle of the occipital bone, where 
 the parietal bones separate from each other; and 
 is the analogue of the interparietal bone of ru- 
 minants and carnivora. — Tschudi. 
 
 INTERPELLA'TUS, {3Iorbus,) from interpel- 
 lo, ' I interrupt.' A term, by which Paracelsus 
 designated those diseases whose progress is une- 
 qual, and paroxysms irregular. 
 
 INTERPLEVR 0-GOSTAUX, Intercostal 
 jnuseles. 
 
 INTERPOLATUS, Intercalary. 
 
 INTERRUPTIO MENSTRUATIONIS, Ame- 
 norrhoea. 
 
 INTERSCAP'ULAR, Tnter>scapula' ris, {inter, 
 and scajnda.) That which is between the shoul- 
 ders; as the interscapular region. The interscaj}- 
 nlar cavities, Cavita'tes interscapula' res, are the 
 depressions between the scapulaj and the spinous 
 processes of the vertebrae. 
 
 INTERSCAPU'LIUM. The spine of the 
 scapula, 
 
 INTERSECTIO, Decussation, Intersection. 
 
 INTERSECTION, Intcrsec'tio,I)iac'ope, from 
 inter, 'between,' and seco, 'I cut.' The point 
 where two lines meet and cut each other. The 
 nivnic aponeurot'ic intersection is given to fibrous 
 bands, which certain muscles present in their 
 length, and by which they soern intermitted. 
 Aponeurotic intersections are found in the recti 
 
 muscles of the abdomen ; mi the semi-membrano 
 BUS, complcxus, sterno-thyroideus, <tc. 
 
 INTERSECTIONES TENUINE^ MUSCU- 
 LORUM, Inseriptiones tendinere musculorum. 
 
 INTERSEPIMENTUM THORACIS, Medi- 
 astinum. 
 
 INTERSEPTA HORIZONTALIA PACCHI, 
 ONI, Tentorium. 
 
 INTERSEP'TUM, from inter, 'between,' and 
 septum, 'a partition.' Cion, kiwv. The uvula; 
 also, the septum narium. The diaphragm. 
 
 Interseptum Narium, Septum narium — i. Vir- 
 ginale, Hymen. 
 
 INTERSPI'NAL, Interspina'lis, from {titer, 
 'between,' and spina, ' the spine.' That which is 
 seated between the spinous processes. 
 
 Interspi'nal Lig'aiient, Memhra'na interspi- 
 na'lis, {^.) Ligament interepinevx. These occupy 
 the intervals between the sjjinous processes in the 
 back and loins. In the neck, they are replaced 
 by the muscles of the same name. They prevent 
 the too great flexion of the spine, and keep the 
 spinous processes in situ. 
 
 INTERSPINA'LES COLLI, Spina'lea Colli 
 mino'res, Spiina'ti, (F.) Interepineux-cervicaux, 
 Inter cervicaux, (Ch.) These are twelve in num- 
 ber, and occupy, in two parallel rows, the inter- 
 vals between the spinous processes of the cervical 
 vertebrse, from that of the atlas and vertebra 
 dentata, to that between the last cervical and first 
 dorsal vertebrKs. They are flat, thin, and quad- 
 rilateral. These muscles contribute to the exten- 
 sion of the neck and to throwing the head back- 
 wards. 
 
 Interspinales Dorsi et Lumbo'rum; por- 
 tions of the Transversaire-epinenx of Boyer, and 
 the sacro-sjiinal of Chaussier. These muscles are 
 of two kinds. The one {Muscle grand epineux 
 du dos, of Winslow) representing fleshy bundles 
 of different lengths, applied upon the lateral sur- 
 faces of the spinous processes, from the third 
 dorsal vertebra to the second lumbar. The other 
 {3Iuscle petit epineux du dos, Winslow) covered 
 by the preceding. They are situate on each side 
 of the interspinal ligament, in the form of small, 
 short flat bundles, which pass from one spinous 
 process to the second, third or fourth above it. 
 These muscles aid in extending the vertebral co- 
 lumn ; and incline it a little to one side, ■when 
 they act on one side only. 
 
 IN'TERSTICE, Interstit" iimi, Arao'ma, from 
 inter, ' between,' and sto, ' I stand.' Biaste'ma, 
 Interval'lum. Anatomists have given this nnmo 
 to the intervals between organs. The iliac crest, 
 crista ilii, for example, has two lips and an in- 
 terstice between them, which affords attaehmeat 
 to the lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen. 
 
 Interstice, Pore. 
 
 INTERSTIT"IAL, Interstitia'lis, same ety- 
 mon. Applied to that which occurs in the inter- 
 stices of an organ,- — as 'interstitial absorption,' 
 ' interstitial pregnancy,' &c. 
 
 INTERSTITIUM, Interstice— i. Ciliare, Cili- 
 ary ligament — i. Intercostale, Intercostal space — 
 i. Jugulare, Throat. 
 
 INTERTINCTUS, Discreet. 
 
 INTER TRA CHE LIENS, Intertransversales 
 colli. 
 
 INTER T RANSVE RS AIRES BES 
 LOMBES, Intertransversales lumborum. 
 
 INTERTRANSVERSA'LIS, /n(erfra»«i>ers«'- 
 rius. That which is placed between the trans- 
 verse process of the vertebrae. 
 
 Intertransversales Colli, (F.) Intertrans- 
 versaires cervicaux, Intertracheliens, (Ch.) These 
 are small, muscular bundles ; quadrilateral ; thin 
 and flat: situate, in pairs, in the intervals be- 
 tween tiie transverse processes of the neck, oi- 
 
INTERTRIGO 
 
 4S3 
 
 INTRINSIC 
 
 cept lietween the first and second, where there is 
 only one. They are distinguished into anterior 
 tkudpofsterior. The former are six in numher; the 
 latter five. These muscles bring the transverse 
 processes of the neck nearer each other, and con- 
 tribute to the lateral flexion of the neck. 
 
 Intertransversales Lujibo'rum, Ifuscnli in- 
 tertraiisversi lumbo'rum, (F.) Intertransversaires 
 de8 lombes. These are almost entirely fleshy, and 
 ten in number; five on each side. They are si- 
 milar to the preceding in general arrangement; 
 except that they are more marked, and not placed 
 in two rows. Each intertransverse space contains 
 only one. They are quadrilateral, and flat. The 
 first occupies the space between the transverse 
 processes of the first lumbar and the last dorsal 
 vertebra ; and the last is between that of the 
 fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra. These mus- 
 cles incline the lumbar regions laterally; and 
 Btraighten it when inclined to one side. 
 
 INTERTRIGO, Chafing—i. Podicis, Chafing. 
 
 INTERVAL, LUCID, see Lucid. 
 
 INTERVALLUM, Intermission, Interstice— i. 
 Intercostale, Intercostal space. 
 
 INTERVENIUM, Mssophlebium. 
 
 INTERVER'TEBRAL, Inter vertebra' lis, (in- 
 ter, and vertebra.) That which is situate between 
 the vertebrse. 
 
 Intervertebral Car'tilages, Intervertebral 
 Jihro-cartilarjes, Intervertebral discs, Ligamen'ta 
 intervertebra' Ha. These organs are of a fibro- 
 cartilaginous nature; sections of a cylinder; 
 flexible; whitish; resisting; and situate between 
 the bodies of the vertebra, — from the space be- 
 tween the second and third as far as that be- 
 tween the last vertebra and sacrum. Their form 
 is accommodated to that of the vertebra with 
 which they are in connexion ; so that, in the 
 neck and loins, they are oval, whilst in the dorsal 
 region thej"^ are nearly circular. 
 
 Intervertebral Discs, Intervertebral carti- 
 lages — I. fibro-cartilages, Intervertebral carti- 
 lages. 
 
 INTESTABILIS, Castratus. 
 
 INTESTATUS, Castratus. 
 
 INTESTIN, Intestine. 
 
 INTES'TINAL, Intestina'Hs, from infus, 'with- 
 in.' That which belongs to the intestines, — as 
 intestinal canal, &c. Bordeu uses the term Poiils 
 intestinal for a pulse, which he conceived to an- 
 nounce an approaching crisis by the intestines. 
 
 Intestinal Juice, Succus enterieus. 
 
 Intestinal Tdbe or Tract, Cana'lis seu Trac- 
 tiis intesii'no'rum. The canal formed by the in- 
 testines from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to 
 the anus. 
 
 INTES'TINE, Intesti'nim, En'teron, Chorda, 
 Gut, Nedi/ia (pi.), Pan'ticea (pi.), Boel'li (pi.), 
 Bowel, (F.) Intestin, Boyaii. A mnsculo-mem- 
 branous canal, variously convoluted, which ex- 
 tends from the stomach to the anus, and is situate 
 in the abdominal cavity; the greater part of 
 which it fills. In man, its length is six or eight 
 times that of the body. It is divided into two 
 principal portions, called small intestine and large 
 intestine. The former, Intesti'nxim ten'ue, I.grac'- 
 ile, (F.) Intestin grele, constituting nearly four- 
 fifths of the whole length, begins at the stomach 
 and terminates in the right iliac region. It is 
 divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Some 
 anatomists give the name small intestine to the 
 last two only : which are kept in place by the 
 mesentery, and form a large paqnet, occupying 
 the umbilical and hypogastric regions, a part of 
 the flanks, of the iliac regions, and of the cavity 
 of the pelvis. It is composed of, 1. A serous 
 membrane, which is peritoneal. 2. Of a muscu- 
 lar coat, whose fibres are very pale, and are 
 
 placed, in part, longitudinally ; but the greater 
 part transversely. 3. Of a whitish, mucous niem- 
 brane; villous, and forming folds or valves — 
 vnlvulcB conniventes — at its inner surface, and 
 furnished with a considerable number of mu- 
 cous follicles, called glands of Lieberkiihn, 
 {C>'7/pts or Follicles of Lieberkiihn,) and Brun- 
 ner, and, with those of Peyer. The arte- 
 ries of the small intestine proceed from the su- 
 perior mesenteric ; its veins open into the vena 
 porta. Its nerves proceed from the superior me- 
 senteric plexus. The large intestine, Intesti'mim 
 crassu7n, Megaloca'lia, (F.) Gros intestin, forms a. 
 sequence to the small. It is much shorter, and 
 is solidly attached in the regions of the abdomen 
 which it occupies. It begins in the right iliao 
 region; ascends along the right flank, till be- 
 neath the liver, when it crosses the upper part 
 of the abdomen, descends into the left iliac fossa, 
 and plunges into the pelvic cavity, to gain the 
 anus. The great intestine is usually divided into 
 three portions, — the cmcnm, colon and rectum. It 
 receives its arteries from the superior and infe- 
 rior mesenteries. Its veins open into the vena 
 porta. Its nerves are furnished by the mesente- 
 ric plexuses. Its lymphatic vessels, which are 
 much less numerous than those of the small in- 
 testine, pass into the ganglions or glands seated 
 between the different reflections of the perito- 
 neum, which fix it to the abdominal parietes. 
 The use of the intestines is,- — in the vpper part, 
 to effect the chylification of the food and the ab- 
 sorption of the chyle; — in the lower, to serve as 
 a reservoir, where the excrementitious portion of 
 the food collects ; and, also, as an excretory duct, 
 which efl^ects its expulsion. 
 
 INTESTINORUM L^VITAS, Lientery. 
 
 INTESTINULA CEREBRI, Anfraetuosities 
 (cerebral) — i. Meibomii, Meibomius, glands of. 
 
 INTESTINULUM, Funiculus umbilicalis. 
 
 INTESTINUM CELLULATUM, Colon— i, 
 Circumvolutum, Ileon — i. Crassum, Colon, see 
 Intestine — i. Gracile, see Intestine — i. Grande, 
 Colon — i. Laxum, Colon — i. Majus, Colon — i. 
 Medium, Mesentery — i. Plenum, Colon — i. Rec- 
 tum, Rectum — i. Tenue, see Intestine. 
 
 INTIMUM UNGUIS, Nail, root of the. 
 
 INTONATIO INTESTINALIS, Borboryg- 
 mus. 
 
 INTORSIO, Distorsion. 
 
 INTOXICATIO, Poisoning— i.Arsenicalis, \r- 
 senicismus— i. Opiaea, Meconismus — i. Saturnina, 
 Saturnismus. 
 
 INTOXICATION, Poisoning, Temulentia— i*. 
 des Marais, see Miasm. 
 
 IN TOXICA TION SA TURNINE. Lead p oi- 
 soning; saturnine cachexy. The aggregate of 
 symptoms which present themselves prior to an 
 attack of lead colic. — Tanquerel des Planches. 
 
 INTRALINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS, 
 see Salivary glands. 
 
 INTRALOB'ULAR, /«^rrt?o6»?a'n»/ from in- 
 fra, 'within,' and lubulus, 'a lobule.' Relating 
 to the space within a lobule : — as the "intralobu- 
 lar veins," vencB seu ven'nla; intrnlobula'res seu 
 centra'les, of the Ifver : — veins which communi- 
 cate with the interlobular veins, and are the ra" 
 dicles of the hepatic veins. ^ 
 
 INTRA-PELVIO TliOCHANTERIEN, Ob- 
 turator internus. 
 
 INTRA-U'TERINE, Intrailferi'vus; from in- 
 tra, 'within,' and uterus, 'the womb.' Thkt 
 which takes place within the womb — as 'intra- 
 uterine life.' 
 
 INTRICATURA, Decussation. 
 
 INTRIN'SIC, Intrin'secus; from intra, 'with- 
 in,' and secvs, ' towards.' Applied to the internal 
 muscles of certain organs ; as those of the ear. 
 
INTROITUS 
 
 484 
 
 lODIIS^E 
 
 longue, and larynx. Linnseus gave the name 
 Intrin'seed to internal diseases. 
 
 IXTROITUS PELVIS, see Pelvis— i. Vaginae, 
 Rima vulvag. 
 
 I^'^TROMIS'SIO]Sr, Intromis'sto; from intro, 
 ' vfithin,' and mitto, ' I send.' The act of intro- 
 ducing one body into another, as Intromissio Pe- 
 nis, (F.) Intromission de la Verge. 
 
 INTROSUSCEPTIO, Intussusceptio — i. En- 
 tropium, Entropion. 
 
 INTUBUM, Cichorium endivia — i. Erraticum, 
 Cichorium intybus. 
 
 INTUMES'CEI\''CB, Jntumescen'tia, Onco'sis, 
 Dionco'sis, from intumescere, (in, and tumescere,) 
 ' to swell.' Augmentation of size in a part or in 
 the whole of the body. Sauvages uses the word 
 Jntumescen'ticB for an order of diseases, in which 
 he comprehends polysarcia, pneumatosis, ana- 
 sarca, cedema, physeonia, and pregnancy. 
 
 IKTUMESCENTIA GANGLIFORMIS, Gan- 
 glion of Gasser, see Facial nerve — i. Lactea Mam- 
 maram, Sparganosis — i. Lienis, Splenoncus — i. 
 Semilunaris. Ganglion of Gasser. 
 
 INTUS INVERSUS, Transposition of the vis- 
 cera. 
 
 INTUSSUSCEP'TIO, from intus, 'within,' 
 and euscipio, 'I receive.' Introsuscep'tio. In 
 physiology; — the mode of increase peculiar to 
 organized bodies. In pathology, like Convol'vu- 
 lua, Yol'vulus intestino'rtim, Susccpj' tio intestino' - 
 rum, Ohordap'sus, Enteroparisago' ge, Parisago'ge 
 intestino' run, Indigita'tio, Torrnen'tv.m, and Inva- 
 gina'tio, it means the introduction of one part of 
 the intestinal canal into another, which serves it 
 as a sort of vagina or sheath. Generally, it is 
 the upper part of the small intestine, which is re- 
 ceived into the lower, when the intussusception 
 is said to be progres'sive. At times, however, it 
 is ret'rograde. As the disease cannot be posi- 
 tively detected by the symptoms, it must be 
 treated upon general principles. At times, the 
 iuvaginated portion has separated and been 
 voided per anum, — the patient recovering. The 
 disease is, however, of a very dangerous character. 
 
 INTTBUM, Cichorium endivia. 
 
 INTYBUS HORTENSIS, Cichorium endivia, 
 
 INULA, see Inula helenium — i. Britannica, 
 I. dysenterica — i. Common, I. helenium — i. Co- 
 nyzsea, I. dysenterica. 
 
 In'cla Dysenteh'ica. The systematic name 
 of the Lesser Inula, I. Britan'niea seu Gonyzce'a, 
 Aster dysenter'ieua seu undula'tus, Pulica'ria 
 dyaenter'ica, Cony'za, C. media, Ar'nica Sueden'- 
 sis, Ar'nica spu'ria, Cuni'la maa'cnla seu me'dia, 
 Cnnila' go, (F.) Annee antidysenterique, Herhe de 
 Saint Roeh. Nat. Ord. Compositas. This plant 
 was once considered to possess great antidysen- 
 teric virtues. The whole plant is acrid and some- 
 what aromatic. 
 
 Inula Helex'ium. The systematic name of 
 the El'ecampiane, En'ula, E. camjja'na, Elen'ium, 
 Necta'rinm, Helinium, Aster helen'ium seu offici- 
 na'Us, CorrAsar'tia helen'ium, Common Inula, (F.) 
 Aunee. The root In'ula (Ph. U. S.) was formerly 
 in high esteem in dyspepsia, cachexia, pulmonary 
 affections, &c. It is now scarcely used. 
 
 Inula Lesser, Inula dysenterica — i. Squar- 
 losa, Conyza sqnarrosa. 
 
 INUNCTIO, Inunction, Liniment. 
 
 INUNCTION, Innnc'tio, Perunc'tio, IlUt"io, 
 nii'tus, Illinit"io, Oblinit"io, Chrisis, Catach'ri- 
 »i9, Liach'risis, Epich'risis, Unctio. An oint- 
 ment or a liniment. Also, the act of rubbing in; 
 onelion. (F.) Onetion. 
 
 INUNDATIO, Depuration. 
 
 INUSTIO, Cauterization, Cauterium. 
 
 INUSTORIUM, Cauterium. 
 
 iNVAG"INATED, Invagina'tus, from in, and 
 
 vagina, ' a sheath.' Applied to a part which 18 
 received into another, as into a sheath. 
 
 The invaginated or slit and tail bandageis ono 
 in which strips or tails pass through appropriate 
 slits or button-holes. 
 
 INVAGINATIO, Intussusceptio. 
 
 INVALETUDO, Infirmity. , 
 
 INVALID, Valetudinary. 
 
 INVALID US, Valetudinary. 
 
 INVASIO, Arche, Attack, Paroxysm. 
 
 INVERJIINATION, Helminthiasis. 
 
 INVERSIO PALPEBRARUM, Entropion— i. 
 Uteri, Hysteroptosis, Uterus, inversion of the. 
 
 INVERSION BE LA 3IATRICE, Uterus, 
 inversion of the. 
 
 INVERTENTIA, Absorbents, Antacids. 
 
 INVESTITURA FUNICULI UMBILICA- 
 LIS, see Funiculis umbilicalis. 
 
 INVETERATUS, Chronic. 
 
 INVISCANTIA, Incrassantia. 
 
 INVISCA'TIO OC'ULL A morbid adhesion 
 of the eyelids to each other, or to the globe of the 
 eye. Also, gluing together of the eyelids by a 
 viscid secretion. 
 
 INVOLU'CRUM, Invohimen'tum, from invol- 
 vere, 'to fold in.' A covering; hence Involu'cra 
 cer'ehri, the membranes of the brain. Involu'cra 
 nervo'rum, the sheaths of the nerves. 
 
 Involucrum Cordis, Pericardium — i. Corporis 
 commune, Integument^i. Lingufe, see Tongue — 
 i. Mcmbranaceum, Decidua reflesa — i. Nervorum, 
 Neurilema — i. Reti comparatum. Retina. 
 
 INVOLUMENTUM, Involuerum. 
 
 INVOLVENTIA, Demulcents. 
 
 lODE, Iodine. 
 
 lODES, ^ruginous. 
 
 lODETUxM HYDRARGYRICUM, Hydrargyri 
 iodidum rubrum. 
 
 lOBHYDRARGYRITE BE CHLORURE 
 3IERCUREUX, Mercury, iodide of chloride of. 
 
 IODIC, lod'icus, (F.) lodique. Same etymca 
 as Iodine. Containing iodine. 
 
 IODIDUM HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI, 
 Mercury, iodide of chloride of — i. Eydrargyii- 
 cum, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum — i. Hydrar- 
 gyrosum, Hydrargyri iodidum. 
 
 I'ODINE, lo'dina, lo'dinvm, lodin'ium, lo'- 
 dum, lo'dium, lo'nium, lo'num, (F.) lode; from 
 iwSrjg, viola'ceus, ' of a violet colour,' so ciJled 
 from the violet vapour it exhales when volatil- 
 ized. It is contained in the mother waters of 
 certain fuci, and is obtained by pouring an excess 
 of concentrated sulphuric acid on the water ob- 
 tained by burning different fuci, lixiviating the 
 ashes and concentrating the liquor. The mix- 
 ture is placed in a retort to which a rceei\ er ia 
 attached, and is boiled. The iodine passes over 
 and is condensed. It is solid, in the form of 
 plates ; of a bluish gray colour, of a metallic 
 brightness, and smell similar to that of the chlo- 
 ride of sulphur. Its s. g. is 4.946. When heat«d, 
 it becomes volatilized, and aflords the vapour 
 which characterizes it. With oxygen it forms 
 Iodic acid, and with hydrogen Hydriodic acid. 
 The tincture of iodine and the iodides have been 
 employed with great success in the treatment of 
 goitre and of some scrofulous affections. It must 
 be administered in a very small dose and for a 
 long period. It is said to be apt, however, to 
 induce cholera morbus, signs of great nervous 
 irritability, and emaciation of the mammse. 
 When these symptoms, collectively termed J'o- 
 disni, lodo'sis, and lodin'ia, are urgent, the doso 
 may be diminished, or it may be wholly discon- 
 tinued, and afterv/ards resumed. 
 
lODOGXOSIS 
 
 485 
 
 IRIS 
 
 Various preparations of iron are employed in 
 medicine. 
 
 TODOGNO'SIS, (F.) lodognosie ; from iodine, 
 and yviDfl-if, 'knowledge.' A knowledge of iodine 
 in its various relations. — Dorvault. 
 
 lODIXIA, see Iodine. 
 
 lODIXIUM, Iodine. 
 
 lODINUM, Iodine. 
 
 lODIQUE, Iodic. 
 
 lODISM. see Iodine. 
 
 lODIUM. Iodine. 
 
 rODOFORM, lodo/or'minn, (F.) lodoforme, so 
 called from its analogy to chloroform. It is ob- 
 tained by the reaction on each other of iodine, 
 bicarbonate of potassa, water, and alcohol. It is 
 in crystalline plates, of a beautiful citrine colour; 
 and may be given in the same cases as the other 
 preparations of iodine. Dose, one grain three 
 times a day. It is the sesqui-oside of carbon. 
 See Carbonis sesqui-iodidum. 
 
 lODOHYDRARGYRATB OF POTASSIUM, 
 see Iodine. 
 
 lODOSIS, see Iodine. 
 
 lODUM, Iodine. 
 
 10 DURE PLOMBIQUE, Plumbi iodidum. 
 
 lODURETUM AMMONIA, see Iodine — i. 
 Amyli, see Iodine — i. Hydrargyrosum, Hydrar- 
 gvri iodidum — i. Sulphuris, see Iodine. 
 "lODYMUS, Dicephalus. 
 
 ION, Viola. 
 
 IONIA, Teucrium chamsepitvs. 
 
 lONID'IUM MARCUCCI, 'CinclmnchulU — a. 
 South American plant. Sex. Syst. Pentandria 
 Monogynia; Nat. Ord. Violarise ; said to be ex- 
 tremely efficacious in the Mai de San Lazaro of 
 Colombia. 
 
 IONIUM, Iodine. 
 
 lONTA. see Excretion. 
 
 lON'THUS, Varus, Violet Eruption, from lov, 
 'the violet,' and avQog, 'a. flower,' or ovdog, 'foul- 
 ness.' An unsuppurative, tubercular tumour ; 
 stationary ; chiefly on the face. A genus in the 
 class Hcrmatica, order Phlogotica of Good. 
 
 loNTHUs CoRYMBiFER, Gutta rosea — i. Varus, 
 Acne. 
 
 lONUM, Iodine. 
 
 lOTACIS'MUS, from the Greek letter Iota. 
 Defective articulation, — the patient cot being 
 able to pronounce the palatals j and g soft. 
 
 IPECAC, Apocynum andros^mifolium, Eu- 
 phorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata, Ipecacuan- 
 ha, Triosteum. 
 
 IPECACUAN'HA. In common parlance, often 
 abridged to Ipecac. The pharmacopoeial name 
 of the CepJiae'lis ipiecacuan'ha, Callicoc'ca Ipe- 
 cacuan'ha, Cagosanga, Nat. Ord. Cinchonaceas. 
 It is also obtained from the PsycJio'tria emet'ica 
 of Peru. The odour of the root, Ipecacuau'ha 
 root, Ip>ecacacuan'hcB radix, Radix Brazilien'sis, 
 — Ipecacuanhn, (Ph. U. S.) — is faint and pecu- 
 liar ; taste bitter, subacrid, and mucilaginous ; 
 both water and alcohol extract its virtues, which 
 depend on a peculiar principle, called Emet'ia. 
 It is emetic in large doses ; sudorific in smaller. 
 Dose, as an emetic, gr. xx to xxx, — alone, or 
 united with gr. i to ij. of tartarized antimony. 
 
 Ipecactianha, Euphorbia corollata — i. Bas- 
 tard, Asclepias curassavica, Triosteum perfolia- 
 tum — i. Blanc de I' He de France, Asclepias asth- 
 matica — i. Blanc de St. Domingue, Asclepias cu- 
 rassavica — i. of the Isle of France, Cynanchum 
 Tomitorium. 
 
 Ipecacuan'ha, White, is obtained from diffe- 
 rent species of Richardsonia and lonidium. Vi'- 
 ola ipecacuan'ha sen Solea ipecacuan'ha seu Pom- 
 ha'lea ipecacuan'ha, also affords it. It is weaker 
 than the gray. 
 
 IPO, Upas. 
 
 IPOMCEA JALAPA, Convohnilus jalapa — i, 
 Macrorrhiza, Convolvulus Jalapa. 
 
 IRA, Rage. 
 
 IRACUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi. 
 
 IRAL'GIA; Ireal'gia, Iridal'gia, from ipij^, 
 ' the iris,' and a\yos, ' pain.' Pain in the iris. 
 
 IRASCIBLE, Rectus externus oculi. 
 
 IREALGIA, Iralgia. 
 
 IREONCION, Iriancistron. 
 
 IRIANCIS'TRON, Iridancist'ron, Ireon'cion, 
 from ipi;, and ayKiarpfiv, 'a hook.' A hooked in- 
 strument, used by Schlagintweit in the formation 
 of an artificial pupil. 
 
 IRID^'A EDU'LIS. One of the Algse, eaten 
 in Scotland and the southwest of England. 
 
 IRIDALGIA, Iralgia. 
 
 IRIDANCISTRON, Iriancistron. 
 
 IRIDAUXE'SIS, from Iris, I'ridis, and aufij- 
 <7(f, ' augmentation ;' Staphylo'ma I'ridis, Sta- 
 p)hylo'ma U'vem, Iridonco'sis, Lymphon'ctts I'ri- 
 dis. Exudation of fibrin into the tissue of the iris. 
 
 IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDECTOMIA, Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDENCLEISIS, see Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDENCLEISMUS, see Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDERE'MIAjfrom ipif,and eprj/iog, 'deprived 
 of;' Iridostere' sis. Absence of iris, either appa- 
 rent or real. 
 
 IRIDOCELE, Ptosis iridis. 
 
 IRIDOCOLOBOMA, Coloboma iridis. 
 
 IRIDODIALYSIS, Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDOMALA'CIA, from igig, 'the iris,' and 
 liakaKia, ' softness.' MoUescence or softening of 
 the iris. 
 
 IRIDOMELANO'MA, Mdomelano'sis, from 
 ipii, 'the iris,' and fitkaveiv, 'to colour black.' 
 The deposition of black matter on the tissue of 
 the iris. 
 
 IRIDONCO'SIS, Mdon'eus, Hyperonco' sis Iri- 
 dis, from ipif, ' the iris,' and oyKog, ' a swelling.' 
 Tumefaction or thickening of the iris. Also, Iri- 
 
 IRlboNCUS, Iridoncosis. 
 
 IRIDOPERIPHAKI'TIS; ?rom ipig, 'the iris,' 
 Ticpi, 'around,' and pi^acitis, inflammation of the 
 lens. Inflammation of the anterior hemisphere 
 of the capsule of the lens. 
 
 IRIDOPTOSIS, Ptosis iridis. 
 
 IRIDOR'RHAGAS, Iridorrho'ge, Iridor'rhox, 
 Iridoschis'ma, Fissu'ra I'ridis, from ipig, 'iris,' 
 and payag, 'a fissure.' Fissure of the u-is. 
 
 IRIDORRHOGE, Iridorrhagas. 
 
 IRIDORRHOX, Iridorrhagas. 
 
 IRIDOSCHISMA, Iridorrhagas. 
 
 IRIDOSTEBESIS, Irideremia. 
 
 IRIDOTENCLEISIS, Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDOTOMIA, Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDOTROMUS, Hippus. 
 
 IRIS, (gen. I'ridis) Gramme. So called from its 
 resembling the rainbow in a variety of colours. 
 A membrane, stretched vertically at the anterior 
 part of the eye, in the midst of the aqueous hu- 
 mour, in which it forms a kind of circular, flat 
 partition, separating the anterior from the poste- 
 rior chamber. It is perforated by a circular 
 opening called the pupil, which is constantly va- 
 rying its dimensions, owing to the varying con- 
 tractions of the fibres of the iris. Its' posterioi 
 surface has been called uvea, from the thick, 
 black varnish which covers it. The gi-eater cir- 
 cumference of the iris is adherent to the ciliary 
 processes and circle. It has an external plane of 
 radiated fibres and an internal one of circular 
 fibres, which serve — the one to dilate, the other 
 to contract the aperture of the pupil. The iris 
 receives the irian nerves. Its arteries are fur- 
 nished by the long ciliary arteries which form tVQ 
 
lEIS 
 
 486 
 
 IKRITABLE 
 
 circles hj their anastomoses ; the one very broad, 
 ii-iar the great circumference; the other, smaller, 
 and seated around the circumference of the pupil. 
 Xhe veins of the iris empty themselves into the 
 Tasa vorticosa, and into the long ciliary veins. 
 The use of the iris seems to be, — to regulate by 
 its dilatation or contraction, the quantity of lu- 
 minous rays necessary for distinct vision. The 
 different colours of the iris occasion the variety 
 in the colours of the human eye. 
 
 Iris, see Herpes Iris — i. Common, I. Germa- 
 niea — i. Commun, I. Germanica — i. de Florence, 
 I. Florentina. 
 
 Ims Florenti'na, Florentine iris or orris, (P.) 
 Iris de Florence. The rhizoma of this plant is 
 extremely acrid in its recent state ; and, when 
 chewed, excites a pungent heat in the mouth, that 
 continues for several hours. When dried, the 
 acrimony is lost, or nearly so, and the smell is 
 very agreeable. It is indebted to its agreeable 
 flavour for its retention in the pharmacopoeias, 
 although it is ranked as an expectorant. 
 
 Iris Fai;TiDis'siMA,/./ce'f?'rfa, Sr>ctth'idaf<x'tida, 
 Xyris, Stinking iris, [Y.) Iris'puant, Glayexdimant. 
 The root has been esteemed antispasmodic and 
 narcotic. 
 
 luis Gekjian'ica. The systematic name of the 
 Floioer-de-Luce, Iris nostras, Aier'sa, Iris vulga'- 
 ris, Common iris or orris, Gladi'olus cceru'leus, 
 (F.) Iris commun, Flamhe. The fresh roots have 
 a disagreeable smell and an acrid, nauseous taste. 
 They are powerfully cathartic, and are given in 
 dropsies, where such remedies are indicated. 
 
 Iris Lacds'tris, Dwarf-flag, Dwarf lake-iris; 
 has the properties of I. versicolor. 
 
 Iris, Lake, Dwarf, I. lacustris — i. Lutea, I. 
 pseudacorus. 
 
 IRIS DBS MARAIS, I. pseudacorus — i. Nos- 
 tras, I. Germanica — i. Palustris, I. pseudacorus. 
 
 Iris Pseudac'orus. The systematic name of 
 the Yellow water-flag, Iris palns'tris seu lu'tea, 
 Gladi'olus lu'teus, Ac'orus vulga'ris seu adulteri'- 
 nus seu palus'lris, Pseudac'orus, Bii'tomon, (F.) 
 Iris des marais. Faux acore, Flamhe bdtard, Acore 
 hdtard. The root has an acrid, styptic taste. It 
 is an errhine, sialogogue, and acrid astringent. 
 The expressed juice is diuretic, and said to be a 
 useful application to serpiginous and other cuta- 
 neous affections. Rubbed on the gums, or chewed, 
 it is said to cure toothache. 
 
 IRIS PUANT, I. foetidissima — i. Stinking, 
 I, foetidissima. 
 
 Iris Versic'olor, Blue flag. The rhizoma of 
 this is an active cathartic, and has been much 
 used, as such, by the American Indians. It is 
 reputed to be diuretic. 
 
 Iris Vulgaris, I. Germanica. 
 
 IRISITIS, Iritis. 
 
 IPiI'TIS, Inflammation of the iris, Inflamma'tio 
 I'ridis, Irisi'tis. The chief symptoms are ; — 
 change in the colour of the iris ; fibres less mova- 
 ble ; tooth-like processes shooting into the pupil; 
 pupil irregularly contracted, with the ordinary 
 signs of inflammation of the eye. If the inflam- 
 mation do not yield, suppuration takes jdace ; 
 and, although the matter may be absorbed, the 
 iris remains immovable. It is often caused by 
 Byphilis. The general principles of treatment 
 are, to deplete largely and exhibit mercury freely; 
 along with attention to other means advisable in 
 ophthalmia. The free use of quinia is sometimes 
 serviceable. When the inflammation is seated in 
 the serous covering of the iris, it is termed Iritis 
 lero'sa 
 
 IROX, Ferrum — i. Acetate of, Fcrri acetas — 
 I. and Alumina, sulphate of, Ferri et aluminis 
 ■alphas — i. Ammoniated, Ferrum ammoniatum 
 — i. Ammonio-oitrate of, Ferri ammonio-citras — 
 L A auaonio- chloride of, Ferrum ammoniatum — 
 
 i. Ammonio-tartrate of, Ferri ammonio-tartras — > 
 i. and Ammonia, citrate of, Ferri ammonio-citras 
 
 — i. and Quinia Hydriodate of, see Iodine — L 
 Bromide of, see Bromine — i. Carbonate of, sac- 
 charine, Ferri proto-carbonas — i. Carburet of, 
 Graphites — i. Black oxide of, Oxydum ferri ni- 
 grum — i. Citrate of, Ferri citras — i. Citrate of 
 the magnetic oxide of, see Ferri ammonio-citras 
 
 — i. Ferrocyanuret of, Prussian blue — i. Ferro- 
 prussiate of, Prussian blue — i. Filings, puriiied, 
 Ferri limatura purificata — i. Hj'drated oxide of, 
 Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — i. Ilj'drated per- 
 oxide of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — i. Hy- 
 drated tritoxide of, Ferrum oxj-datum bj'dratum 
 — i. Hydriodate of, Fcrri iodidum — i. Hydro-oxide 
 of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — i. Iodide of, 
 see Iodine — i. Iodide of, Ferri iodidum — i. lo- 
 duret of, Ferri iodidum — i. Lactate of, Ferri lac- 
 tas — i. Liquor, Ferri acetas — i. and Magnesia, 
 citrate of, Ferri et Jlagnesise citras — i. Nitrate 
 of, solution of, see Tinctura Ferri muriatis — i. 
 Peroxide of, Ferri subcarbonas — i. Phosphate of, 
 Ferri phosphas — i. Pills of, compound, Pilulaa 
 ferri compositae — i. Potassio- citrate of, see Ferri 
 ammonio-citras — i. Protocarbonate of, Ferri pro- 
 tocarbonas — i. Protoxide of, lactate of, Ferri lae- 
 tas — i. Pyrites, Ferri sulphuretnm — i. and Qui- 
 nia, citrate of, Ferri et Quinige citras — i. and 
 Quinia, hydriodate of, see Quinia, iodide of iod- 
 hydrate of — i. Sesquinitrate of, Solution of, see 
 Tinctura ferri muriatis — i. Sesquioxide of, Ferri 
 subcarbonas — i. Sodio-citrate of, see Ferri ammo- 
 nio-citras — i. Sulphate of, Ferri sulphas — i. 
 Sulphuret of, Ferri sulphuretum — i. Tannate of, 
 Ferri tannas — i. Tartarized, Ferrum tartarizatum 
 
 — i. Ternitrate of, solution of, see Tinctura ferri 
 muriatis — i. Trito-hydro-ferrocyanate of, Prus- 
 sian blue — i. and Potass, tartrate of, Ferrum tar- 
 tarizatum — i. Valerianate of, Ferri valerianas — 
 i. Weed, Vernonia Noveboracensis. 
 
 IRREDU'CIBLE, (F.) Irreducible. An epi- 
 thet given to fractures, luxations, herniae, &c., 
 when they cannot be reduced. 
 
 IRREDUCIBLE, Irreducible. 
 
 IRREG'ULAR, Irregula'ris, Anom'alous; from 
 im, 'privative,' and regxda, 'a rule.' A term 
 chiefly applied to the types of a disease; and, 
 also, to the pulse, when its beats are separated by 
 unequal intervals. 
 
 Irreg'ulah Practit"ioxer. One who does not 
 practise his profession according to rules sanc- 
 tioned bv law or custom. 
 
 IRREMEDIABLE, Incurable. 
 
 IRREPTIO, Attack. 
 
 IRRIGA'TION, Irriga'tio, Emlroca'tio, Irro- 
 ra'tio : ' the act of watering or moistening.' The 
 methodical application of water to an affected 
 part, to keep it constantly wet. 
 
 IRRITABILITAS, Irritability — i. Morbosa, 
 see Subsultus tendinum — i. Vesicae, Cysterethis- 
 mus. 
 
 IRRITABIL'ITY, Irritabil'itas, from irrito, 
 (('», 'privative,' and ritus, 'the usual manner,') 
 ' I provoke.' Vis irritabilita'tis, Vis Vit(r, Vis 
 in'sita of Haller, Vis vita'lis of Gorter, Oscil- 
 la'tio of Boerhaave, Tonic poioer of Stahl. Vita 
 pro'pria, Inherent power. Contractu' itij, Excita- 
 bil'ity, <fec. A power, possessed by all living, or- 
 ganized bodies, of being acted upon by certain 
 stimuli, and of moving responsive to stimulation. 
 It is the ultimate vital property. 
 
 IR'RITABLE, Irritab'ilis. That which is en- 
 dowed with irritability. Every living organized 
 tissue is irritable ; that is, capable of feeling an 
 appropriate stimulus, and of moving responsive to 
 such stimulus. Irritable is often used in the sanio 
 sense as impressible, as when we speak of an irri- 
 table person, or habit, or temper. This List con- 
 dition has been variously termed — Debilitaa 
 
IRRITAMES" 
 
 487 
 
 isanio 
 
 nervo'sa, D. EretJiis'ica, Hypercine' sia nervo'sa, 
 Nearastheni'a, Neurostheni'a, Senaihil'itas aitoiii'- 
 ala, S. Morho'sn, S. aucta. 
 
 IRRITAMEN, Irritant, Stimulus. 
 
 IRRITAMENTUM, Erethism, Irritant, Sti- 
 mulus — i. Metallicum, Galvanism. 
 
 IR'RITANT, Irri'tans, Irrita'men, Irritamen- 
 iwn. That which causes irritation or pain, heat 
 and tension; either mechanically, as punctures, 
 acupuncture, or scarification ; chemically, as tho 
 alkalies and acids ; or in a specific manner, as 
 eantharides. 
 
 Irritants are of great use in the treatment of 
 disease. 
 
 IRRITATING POISON, see Poison. 
 
 IRRITATIO, Erethism, Gargale, Irritation. 
 
 IRRITA'TION, Irrita'tio, Erethis'mus. The 
 state of a tissue or organ, in which there is ex- 
 cess of vital movement; commonly manifested 
 by increase of the circulation and sensibility. 
 Broussais defines irritation to be ; — the condition 
 of an organ, the excitation of which is carried to 
 so high a degree, that the equilibrium resulting 
 from the balance of all the functions is broken. 
 In this signification, he also uses the word siir- 
 irritation, which he considered as a higher de- 
 gree, and as the essential cause of fever. Irrita- 
 tion is the percursor of inflammation. 
 
 Irrita'tiox, Morbid, Constitu' tiunal irritation, 
 Ir'ritative fever, Pseudo-fever, is that excitement 
 which occurs after injuries done to the body, or 
 to any part thereof; — constituting cases of dis- 
 eased sympatJn/. 
 
 IRRITATIVE FEVER, Irritation, morbid. 
 
 IRRORATIO, Irrigation. 
 
 IS, Fibre. 
 
 ISA'TIS TINCTO'RIA, Wood, Pastel. A Eu- 
 ropean plant, whose leaves have a fugitive pun- 
 gent smell, and an acrid durable taste. They are 
 not used, however, in medicine at the present 
 day ; but are the source of the dye-stuff, looad. 
 
 ISC A, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 ISCH^'MIA, from iax<ji, 'I retain,' and 'aijxa, 
 'blood.' Morbid retention or suppression of an 
 habitual flux of blood, as of the hemorrhoidal or 
 menstrual flux or of epistaxis. See Ha3matosta- 
 tiea. 
 
 ISCH^'MON, IschcE'miim. Same etymon. A 
 medicine which restrains or stops bleeding. 
 
 IS'CHESIS, from icx^iv, 'to retain.' Suppres- 
 sion or retention of a discharge or secretion. 
 
 IS'CHIA, MINERAL WATERS OP. In this 
 volcanic isle, five miles from Naples, there are 
 several thermal waters, one of which — that of 
 Gurgitello — raises the thermometer of Fahr. to 
 167°. 
 
 ISCHIACUS, Isehiatie. 
 
 ISCHIADICUS MORBUS, Neuralgia femoro- 
 poplitsea — i. Nervus, Sciatic nerve. 
 
 ISCHIADOCELE, Ischioeele. 
 
 ISCHIAGRA, Is'chias, Jschial'g-ia, from lax^ov, 
 'the haunch,' and aypa, 'a seizure.' A name 
 given to isehiatie gout. Femoro-popliteal neu- 
 ralgia has, also, been so called. 
 
 ISCHIALGIA, Ischiagra, Neuralgia femoro- 
 poplita3a. 
 
 ISCHIAS, Ischiagra — i. Nervosa Antica, Neu- 
 ralgia femoro-prastibialis — i. Nervosa Cotunnii, 
 Neuralgia femoro-popliteea — i. Nervosa digitalis. 
 Neuralgia cubito-digitalis — i. Nervosa postica, 
 Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea — i. a Sparganosi, 
 Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 ISCillAT'IC, Iscldad'ic, lachiat'icus, IscJiiad'- 
 icus, IscJiiaeiis, Sciat'ic, from KT^iov, ' the haunch;' 
 whence the word Sciatic. An epithet given to 
 parts connected with the ischium. The Sciatic 
 Notches, (F.) Echancrurea Ischiatiques, are 
 
 formed by this bone; the Ischiatic Si i:te belongs 
 to it, and gives attachment to the small sacrosci- 
 atic ligament. The Tuberos'ity of the Ischium, 
 Os sedenta'riwn. Tuber Is'cliii, (F.) Tvheroaite 
 sciatiqne, is formed by it. It receives the inser- 
 tions of different muscles of the thigh, and forma 
 the projection on which the body rests when 
 seated. 
 
 Ischiatic Arteby, Sciat'ic Ar'tery, (F.) Arth-o 
 Femoro-Poplitee (Ch.) arises singlj' from the hy- 
 pogastric, or with the gluteal; and seems to be 
 really a continuation of the trunk of the hypo- 
 gastric. It issues from the pelvis, at the lower 
 part of the great sciatic notch ; and, afterwards, 
 divides into a considerable number of branches, 
 which are distributed particularly to the posterior 
 and superior region of the thigh. 
 
 Ischiatic Region, Sciat'ic region; Eegio iscJii- 
 ad'ica. The region of the hip. 
 
 Ischiatic Vein presents the same arrange- 
 ment as the artery. 
 
 ISCHIATICUS, Sciatic. 
 
 ISCHIATOCELE, Ischioeele. 
 
 ISCHIDRO'SIS, Sudu'ris suppres'sio, Oligid'- 
 ria, from kjx'^! 'I restrain,' and 't^puy, 'sweat.' 
 Suppression of perspiration. 
 
 ISCHIOBLEN'NIA, Iseh alien' nia, from lax^o, 
 'I restrain,' and (iXcvva, 'mucus.' The suppres- 
 sion of a morbid but habitual discharge of mucus. 
 
 ISCHIO-CAVERNO'SUS. Belonging to the 
 ischium and corpus cavernosum. 
 
 Ischio-Cavernosus muscle, Collatera'lis, I)i- 
 rec'tor penis, Erec'tor penis, Siistenta'tor Penis, 
 Ischio-\irethral (Ch.) is a small, long, flat muscle, 
 which surrounds the origin of the corpus caver- 
 nosum. It is fixed heloio to the inner side of the 
 tuberosity of the ischium, and above to the root 
 of the penis, where it is confounded with the 
 fibrous membrane of the corpus cavernosum. It 
 draws the root of the penis downwards and back- 
 wards. 
 
 Ischio-Cayernosus of the female, Erector- 
 clitor'idis, Siistenta'tor clitor'idis, Superior ro- 
 tun'dus clitor'idis, (F.) Ischio-clitoridien, Ischio 
 sous-clitorien, (Ch.), is arranged nearly as in the 
 male, but is less bulky. It arises, by aponeurosis, 
 from the tuberosity of the ischium, and terminates 
 by embracing the corpus cavernosum of the cli- 
 toris, to the erection of which it appears to con- 
 tribute. 
 
 ISCHIOCE'LE, IscMatoce'le, IscTiiadoce'U-, 
 Hernia ischia'tica ; from i^xiov, 'the ischium,' 
 and Krj'Xr;, 'tumour.' Ischiatic hernia. One in 
 which the viscera issue by the great sciatic notch. 
 It is a rare disease. The protruded parts must 
 be reduced — the patient being placed in a favour- 
 able position, and they must be retained by a 
 bandage. 
 
 ISCHIO-CLITORIA'NUS. That which is 
 connected with the ischium and clitoris. 
 
 Ischio-Clito'rian Artery of Chaussier is a 
 division of the internal pudic, which furnishes 
 the two arteries of the clitoris — the suj^erficial 
 and deep-seated. 
 
 Ischio -Clitorian Nerve, of the same pro- 
 fessor, is the superior branch of the pudic nerve, 
 which is distributed to the clitoris. 
 
 ISCHIO - CLITORIDIEN, Ischio - cavernous 
 ^ — i. Coccygeus, Coccygeus — i. Creti-tibial, Semi- 
 tendinosus, — i. Femoralis, Adductor magnus — 
 i. Femoro-pieronier, Biceps flexor cruris — ;. Peri- 
 neal, Transversus perinsei — i. Popliti-femoral, 
 Semi-membranosus — i. Popliti -tibial. Semi- 
 membranosus — i. Pretibial, Semi-tendinosus — 
 i. Sous-clitorien, Ischio-cavernosus — i. Suus-cro~ 
 chanterien, Quadratus femoris — i. Spiino-trcehan- 
 
ISCHION 
 
 488 
 
 ISOPATHIA 
 
 iirien, Iscliio-trochaiiterianus — t. Urethral, Is- 
 cliio-cavernosus. 
 
 ISCHIODYMIA, see Somatodymia, 
 IS'CHIOX, Ischium, Os ischii, Os coxen'dicis, 
 Hip-bone, Hackle-bone, Seat- bone, (F.) Os de 
 I'assiette. The lowermost of the three portions 
 which compose the os innominatum in the foetus 
 and young individual. The inferior region of the 
 same bone has, also, been called ischium, in the 
 adult. According to Hesychius, the ancients de- 
 signated by the word iechion, the capsular liga- 
 ment of the coxo-femoral articulatien, as well as 
 the articulation itself. Some derive the word 
 from layii, the lumbar region; others from the 
 verb icx'^) 'I arrest,' 'I retain;' — because that 
 bone serves as a base or support for the trurik, 
 when we are seated. 
 IscHiOM, Haunch, 
 
 ISCIIIOPA'GES, from Ischion, and -izayut, 'I 
 fasten.' A monstrous union of two foetuses, in 
 which they are attached to each other by the 
 j.-^chia. — G-eolfroy St. Hilaire. See Hypogastro- 
 didymus. 
 
 ISCHIOPHTHI'SIS, Tabes coxa'ria seu ischi- 
 ad'ica, Phthisis ischiad'ica, from laxi-ov, 'ischium,' 
 liud 2ihthisis. Phthisis in consequence of suppu- 
 ration of the hip joint. 
 
 ISCHIO-PP^OSTAT'ICUS. Winslow, Saneto- 
 rini, Albinus, and Sommering, have given this 
 name to the fibres of the transversus perinsei 
 muscle, which go towards the prostate. 
 
 ISCHIO-EECTAL FOSSA, Perineal fossa. 
 ISCHIOSIS, Neuralgia femoro poplitsea. 
 ISCHIO-TROCHANTERIA'NUS, Gem'ini, 
 Gemel'li. Part of the Mar8U2}ia'lis of Cowper; 
 Car'neum Marsu'jnum, Ischio-spini-trochanterien, 
 S'eciin'dus et ter'tius quadrigem' inus, (F.) Muscle 
 cannele, Accessoire d I'obturateur interne. Two 
 small, fleshy bundles, long and flat, which arise, 
 —the superior on the outside of the sciatic spine; 
 the inferior behind the tuberosity of the ischium. 
 Both pass horizontally outwards, and are attached 
 to the tendon of the obturator internus, which 
 they accompany into the fossa of the trochanter. 
 These muscles are rotators of the lower limb out- 
 wards. They can, also, turn the pelvis on the 
 femur, in standing on one foot. 
 ISCHIUM, Ischion. 
 
 ISCHL, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 springs, which are in Upper Austria, contain 
 iodine and bromine. 
 
 ISCHNOPHO'NIA, from ic^x^o;, 'slender,' and 
 <p(ovri, ' voice.' Slenderness of voice. — Hippo- 
 crates, Galen. 
 
 ISCHNOTES, Emaciation. 
 ISCHO, icrXM, 'I keep back,' 'I restrain,' 'I 
 hold firm.' Hence : 
 
 ISCHOBLENNIA, Ischioblennia. 
 ISCHOCENO'SIS, from i^xui, '1 arrest,' and 
 (cti'uxrij, ' evacuation.' Retention or suppression 
 of a natural evacuation — as of the menses. 
 
 ISCHOCHOL'IA, from (tr;^^, 'I arrest,' and 
 Xo^ij ' bile.' listen' tio bilis. Retention or sup- 
 pression of the biliary secretion. 
 ISCHOGOILIA, Constipation. 
 ISCHOCOPRIA, Constipation. 
 ISCnOGALAC'TIA,7?e/e)iVi'o?nrrt;«,from((T;^M, 
 and yaXa, 'milk.' Want of milk in the mammas. 
 ISCIIOLO'CHIA or Ischolochi' a, Lochios' che- 
 »)'», Snpjjres'sio lochio'rum, from laX'^t 'I restrain,' 
 and Xo;^!:iot, 'the lochial discharge.' Heten'tio 
 lochio'rum. Suppression of the lochial discharge. 
 ISCHOMENIA, Amenorrhea. 
 ISCUONEURALGIA, Neuralgia femoro-pop- 
 
 ISCHOPHONIA, Balbuties. 
 ISCHOSPER'MIA, from i<r;^;a), 'I reUin,' and 
 
 ciTcpua, 'sperm;' Sem'inis reten'tio. Retention 
 or suppression of the spermatic secretion. 
 
 ISCHURET'IC, Ischuret'icum-. Same etymon 
 as the nest. A medicine for relieving suppressii a 
 of urine. A diuretic. 
 
 ISCHU'RIA, Uri'ncB suppres' sio, Stoppage of 
 urine, Suppres'sio lo'tii, Paru'rin retentio'nis ; 
 from io-%a), 'I arrest,' 'I retain,' and ovpov, 'urine.' 
 Impossibility of discharging the urine. Gene- 
 rally restricted to suppression of the secretion, 
 or to renal Ischuria or Anu'ria, Anure'sis. 
 
 Ischuria Vera is that in which the urine having 
 accumulated in the bladder, the patient is unable 
 to pass it, notwithstanding the inclination which 
 constantly distresses him. In false ischuria, Pu- 
 ru'ria inop)s, Paru'ria retentio'nis renaJlia, Ischu- 
 ria notha seu spu'ria, of some, (F.) Sujipression 
 d' Urine, owing to some disease of the kidney or 
 uterus, the urine cannot reach the bladder. 
 
 Ischuria has likewise received various other 
 names, according to the seat and character of 
 the obstacle which opposes the exit of the urine: 
 hence the expressions — Renal, Ureteric, Vesical, 
 Urethral, and Calculous Ischuria. Vesical Ischu- 
 ria is synonymous with Retention of urine, which 
 see. 
 
 Ischuria Cysto-phlegwatica, Cystirrhoea — 
 i. Phimosica, see Phimosicus — i. Spasmodica, Cys- 
 tospasmus — i. Spuria, see Ischuria — i. Urethralis 
 a phimosi, see Phimosicus — i. Vera, see Ischuria 
 — u ^esicalis. Retention of urine. 
 ISINGLASS, Ichthyocolla. 
 ISIR, Elixir. 
 
 ISIS NOBILIS, see Coral. 
 ISLAND OP REIL, Insula cerebri. 
 ISLE OF WIGHT, CLIMATE OF. This 
 beautiful island is a favourable summer retreat 
 for invalids. Undercliff is the situation chosen 
 as a winter residence for phthisical valetudina- 
 rians. Cowes, Niton, Sandown, Shanklin, and 
 Ryde, are delightful summer residences. 
 
 ISOCH'RONOUS, Isoch'ronus, leochron'ius, 
 Isod'romus, from lao?, 'equal,' and ;:(;po)'of, 'time.' 
 That which takes place in the same time, or in 
 equal times. The pulsations of the arteries, in 
 various parts of the body, are nearly isochronous. 
 ISOCH'RYSON, Auro compar ; from ico?, 
 'equal,' and X9'"'"'it 'gold.' A coUj'rium, de- 
 scribed by Galen as worth its weight in gold. 
 Libavius has also given this name to an amal- 
 gam, made with equal parts of antimony and 
 mercury. 
 
 ISOC'RATES, from icrog, 'equal,' and Kcgav^v^ii, 
 'I mix.' A mixture of equal parts of wine and 
 water. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ISODROMUS, Isochronous, 
 ISOLUSINE, see Polj^gala senega. 
 ISOM'ERIC, Isomcr'icus, Isom'erus, Isoma'rus, 
 Isom'orus, from jtros, ' equal,' and ntpog, ' part,' 
 An epithet applied to different bodies which 
 agree in composition, but differ in properties. 
 The condition is termed Isom' erism. 
 ISOMEPtISM, see Isomeric. 
 ISOMORPHISM, sec Isomorphous. 
 ISOMOR'PHOUS, Isomor'phus, Isomor'pliiew, 
 from icrof, 'equal,' and ^wpfii, 'form.' An epithet 
 applied to different bodies wliich have tlie same 
 crj'stalline form. The condition is called Jso- 
 morphism. 
 
 ISONANDRA GUTTA, see Gutta percha. 
 ISOPATHI'A, Isop'alhi/, from 10-05, 'equnl,' 
 and TraOos, ' disease.' This term has been used 
 by some of the German writers to signiiy the 
 cure of diseases by the disease itself, or its pro- 
 ducts : — under the hypothesis, that every conta- 
 gious disease contains in its contagious matter 
 
ISSUE 
 
 489 
 
 JACTATION 
 
 tie means for its cure ; — thus, that variola may 
 be cured by homoeopathic doses of variolous 
 matter; syphilis, with venereal matter, &o., &c. 
 Others have given to isopathy another form; — 
 maintaining, that every diseased organ has its 
 remedy in the same organ, — that eating liver, for 
 example, will remove disease of the liver ! 
 
 Isopathia has been used by an American writer 
 — Dr. J. M. B. Harden, of Georgia — to mean 
 " ParaUeUsin of Diseases ;" "the disposition of 
 diseases to ' anastomose with each other,' or to 
 wear each other's livery." 
 
 ISSUE, Fonticulus — i. Peas, Aurantia curas- 
 saventia, see Fonticulus. 
 
 ISTHME B U GOSIER, Isthmus of the fauces. 
 
 ISTHMION, Isthmus, Pharynx. 
 
 ISTHMI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Fau'cium, I. pa- 
 la'ti, Ancji' na simplex, Cynan'cke simplex, Angi'na 
 mitis, A. faucium, Angor fau'cium, (F.) Angiiie 
 simple. Inflammation of the fauces. See Cy- 
 nanche pharyngea, and Angina. 
 
 ISTHMOCATAR'RHUS; from tcB^Log, 'the 
 fauces,' and Kara^ooos, ' catarrh.' Catarrh of the 
 fauces. 
 
 ISTHMODTN'IA, from laQpioi, 'the fauces,' 
 and o&vvfL, ' pain.' ■ Pain in the fauces. 
 
 ISTHMOPLE'GIA; from ladnog, 'the fauces,' 
 and -nXnynj ' a stroke.' Paralysis of the fauces. 
 
 ISTHMOS, Pharynx. 
 
 ISTHMOTYPHUS, Cynanche maligna. 
 
 ISTHMUS, Isth'mion. A tongue of land join- 
 ing a peninsula to a continent, or which sepa- 
 rates two seas. Anatomists have given the name 
 Fauces, Isthmus of the Fauces, Isthmus Fau'cium, 
 Olaustrum Gut'turis, (F.) Isthme (hi gosier, to the 
 strait which separates the mouth from the pha- 
 rynx. It is formed above by the velum palati 
 and uvula; at the sides, by the pillars of the 
 fauces and the tonsils ; and below, by the base 
 of the tongue. 
 
 Isthmus op the Fossa Ova'lis; Isthmus Vieus- 
 sen'ii, Striga cartilagino'sa cordis, is the promi- 
 nent arch formed above the fossa ovalis by the 
 union of the two pillars which bound the cavity. 
 
 Isthmus op the Thyroid Gland is a narrow 
 hand that unites the two chief lobules composing 
 the thyroid gland. 
 
 Isthmus Hepatis, see Lobulus anonymus — i. 
 Urethrse, see Urethra — i. Vieussenii, Isthmus of 
 the fossa ovalis, see Ovalis fossa. 
 
 ITALICUS MOP.BUS, Syphilis. 
 
 ITCH, Psora — i. of Animals, Scabies ferina — 
 i. Bakers', see Psoriasis — i. Barbers', Sycosia. 
 
 Itch, Cowpox. A cutaneous eruption, ob- 
 served and described by Golis, which appeared 
 after the fourteenth day from vaccination, and 
 consisted of isolated vesicles, often filled with a 
 puriform fluid. 
 
 Itch, Grocers,' see Psoriasis — i. Insect, see 
 Psora — i. Weed, Veratrum viride. 
 
 ITCHIXG, Pcirap'sis pruri'tus, Autal'gia pru- 
 rigino'sa, Pruri'tus, Pruri'go, Cnesmos, Cneisma, 
 (F.) Prurit, Demangcaison. A sensation, mora 
 inconvenient than painful, seated especially at 
 the surface of the body, which provokes the 
 patient to scratch the part. It may be either an 
 external or an internal sensation : that is, pro- 
 duced by an external body, or by some modifica- 
 tion in the organic actions of the part to which 
 it is referred. 
 
 ITEA, Salix. 
 
 ITER DEXTIS, see Gubernaculixm dentis — 
 i. Femineum, Perinceum — i. ad Infundibulum, 
 Vulva — i. a Palato ad Aurem, Eustachian tube 
 
 — i. ad Quartum ventriculum, Aquseductus Sylvii 
 
 — i. ad Tertium ventriculum, Vulva — i. Urinae, 
 Urethra — i. Urinarium, Urethra.. 
 
 ITHYPHAL'LUS, from i&vg, 'straight,' and 
 (baWog, 'penis.' An amulet, in the form of a 
 penis, anciently worn round the neck, to which 
 were attributed alexiterial properties. 
 
 ITINERARIUM, Conductor, Director. 
 
 ITIS, from ir^f, 'hold,' 'rash.' A su£6x de- 
 noting inflammation; — as encephaliV;*, inflam- 
 mation of the encephalon; — PleunVis, inflam- 
 mation of the pleura. 
 
 IVA, Teucrium iva — i. Arthritica, Teucrium 
 chamajpitj's— i. Moschata Monspeliensium, Teu- 
 crium iva — i. Peeanga, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 IVETTE MUSQUEE, Teucrium iva — r. Pe- 
 tite, Teucrium chamg^pitys, 
 
 IVOIEE, Ivory. 
 
 WORY, Ehiir, El'epihas, (F.) Ivoire. The tusk 
 of the elephant. It is chiefly composed of phos- 
 phate of lime, and is used for the fabrication of 
 pessaries, artificial teeth, handles of instruments, 
 &c. Formerly, when calcined to whiteness, it 
 entered into some pharmaceutical preparations. 
 It was regarded as astringent and anthelmintic, 
 and was called Spodium. 
 
 The dentine is the ivory of the human tooth. 
 See Tooth. 
 
 IVRAIE, Lolium temulentum. 
 
 IVEESSE, Temulentia. 
 
 IVY, Hedera helix, Xalmia angustifolia — i. 
 American, Ampelopsis quinquefolia — i. Big, Kal- 
 mia latifolia — i. Fine-leaved, Ampelopsis quin- 
 quefolia — i. Ground, Glecoma hederaceum. 
 
 IXIA, Varix, Viscum album. 
 
 IXINE, Atractylus gummifera. 
 
 IXIR, Elixir. 
 
 IXOS, Viscum album. 
 
 IXUS, Galium aparine. 
 
 _ IXYOMYELI'TIS, from i?,v;, 'the lumbar re- 
 gion,' nvzXos, 'marrow,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the spinal marrow in 
 the lumbar region. 
 
 IXY'S, Ix'ya, Ix'ye. Used by different authors 
 for the ilia, flanks, and loins j most frequently 
 for the last. — Hippocrates. 
 
 J. 
 
 JABOT, Ingluvies. 
 
 JACA INDICA, Thymus mastichina. 
 
 JACEA, Tricolor, Viola Tricolor — j. Ramosis- 
 Eima, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 
 JACENS. Sick. 
 
 JACK IN THE HEDGE, Alliaria. 
 
 JACKSOX'S BATHING SPIRITS, Linimen- 
 tum saponis compositum. 
 
 JACOB^Aj Senecio Jacobsa. 
 
 JACOBEE, Senecio Jacobcea. 
 JACOB'S LADDER, FALSE, Polemonium 
 rep tans. 
 
 JACOBSON'S ANASTOMOSIS, see Petrosal 
 
 ganglion. 
 
 JACT A'TION, Jactita'fion, Jacta'tio, Jacta'tun, 
 
 Ehipias'moB, Jactita'tio, irom jactare, ' to toss 
 about.' Extreme anxiety; excessive restlessness; 
 — a symptom observed in serious diseases. 
 
JACTITATIO 
 
 490 
 
 JOANNESIA 
 
 JACTITATIO, Inquietude. 
 JADE NEPHRITE ou ORIENT ALE, Ne- 
 |)hretieus lapis. 
 JAGRE, see Tari. 
 
 JALAP, Convolvulus jalapa, Phytolacca de- 
 candra — j. Cancer root, Phytolacca decandra — 
 j. Wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 JALAPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 JALAPINE, see Convolvulus jalapa. 
 JALAPIUM, see Convolvulus jalapa. 
 JALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa— j. Alba, Con- 
 volvulus mechoacan. 
 
 JALEYRAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters are situate two leagues from Mau- 
 riac in France, on the road from Clermont in 
 Auvergne. The waters contain lime and carbo- 
 nate of soda, and are esteemed to be tonic, ape- 
 rient, &c. 
 
 JALOPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 JAMAICA, see West Indies— j. Bark tree, 
 Bursera gummifera. 
 
 JAMAICINB, see Geoifrasa inermis. 
 JA31BES BE BAR BADE, see Elephantiasis 
 . — /. dii Cervelet, Corpora restiformia. 
 
 JAMB IE R, Tibial — /. Anferieur, Tibialis an- 
 ti'^us — J. Grele, Plantar muscle — j. Post6rieur, 
 Tibialis posticus. 
 
 JAMES'S ANALEPTIC PILLS, see Ana- 
 leptica. 
 
 JAMESTOWN WEED, Datura stramonium. 
 JANAMUNDA, Geura urbanum. 
 JANIPHA MANIHOT, Jatropha manihot. 
 JANITOR, Pylorus. 
 JANITRIX, iPorta vena. 
 J ANON- TARENTISME, Tarantismus. 
 JANUS, Dicephalus. 
 JAGQUIER. Artocarpus. 
 JARRET, Poples. 
 
 JARRETIER, Poplitasus muscle, Hamstring. 
 JARRETIERE (F.), Peris'ceUs, a garter, 
 from garctnm or garretum, in low Latin, the 
 ham. A kind of furfuraceous herpes, which oc- 
 cupies the part of the leg where the garter is 
 worn. 
 
 JASMIN, Jasminum officinale. 
 JASMINUM ARABICUM, Coffea Arabum. 
 Jasmi'num Officina'le, Jasminum, Jesemi'nnm, 
 the Jes'samine, (F.) Jasmin. The flowers of this 
 beautiful plant have a very fragrant smell, and a 
 bitter taste. They afford, by distillation, an es- 
 sential oil ; which is much esteemed in Italy, for 
 rubbing paralytic limbs, and in the cure of rheu- 
 matic pains. 
 
 JASPER, Jaspis. 
 
 JASPIS, Jasper. A precious stone, supposed 
 by the ancients to be capable of arresting hemor- 
 rhage when worn as an amulet. 
 J AT AM ANSI, Sumbul. 
 
 JAT'ROPHA CVRC AS, Ric"im(8 major, Rici- 
 no'i'des, Pi'iteus piirr/ans, Pinlio'nes In'dici, Faha 
 cathar'tica, Avclla'na cathar'tica, Nux cathar'tica 
 Ameriea'na, Nux Barbaden'sis, Physic Nut, (F.) 
 Piqnun d'liide, 3Iediciiiier cathartique. Grand 
 haricot de Perou, Pignon de Barbaric, Noix ca- 
 thartique, N. Americaine ou des Barbados. Nat. 
 Order, Euphorbiaoese. The seeds of this plant 
 afford a quantity of oil, given, in many places, 
 like the castor oil ; to which, indeed, it is nearly 
 allied. They contain a peculiar acid, the Jatro- 
 phia or Igasuric. 
 
 The seeds of Jatropha Multif'ida are called 
 Purging Nuts, and give out a similar oil. 
 Jatropha E-lastica, see Caoutchouc. 
 Jatropha Man'ihot, Jan'ipha Mnu'ihof. The 
 plan*, affording the Oassa'da or Caisa'va Root, 
 Caca'vi, Cassa've, Caznbi, Pain de Madagascar, 
 RWinuB Minor, Man'ioc, Magnoc, Maniot, Yucca, 
 
 Maniibnr, Aipi, Aipima coxera, Aipipoca, Jani' 
 pha. The juice of the root is extremely acrid 
 and poisonous. What remains, after expressing 
 it, is made into cakes or meal; of which the cas- 
 sada or cassava bread is formed. This bread 
 constitutes a principal food of the inhabitants of 
 those parts where it grows. 
 
 The fecula of the root forms Tapioca, Cipipa, 
 Fec'ula Tapio'ka, Am'ylum tnanihot'icnm, which 
 is very nutritious. It may be prepared in the 
 same manner as sago. 
 
 A factitious Tapioca is met with in the shops, 
 which is in very small, smooth, spherical grains, 
 and is supposed to be prepared from potato starch. 
 It is sold under the navae pearl tapioca. 
 
 JAUNDICE, Icterus— j. Black, Melaena— j. 
 Lead, Icterus saturninus — j. Red, Phenigmus. 
 JAUNE, Yellow— J. d'(Euf, see Ovum. 
 JAUNISSE, Icterus. 
 JAW BONE, Maxillary Bone. 
 JAW-DISEASE, PHOSPHORUS, see Phos- 
 phorus. 
 
 JBAN-DE-GLAINES, ST., MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. These waters are situate two leagues 
 from Billora in Auvergne. They contain clalo- 
 ride of calcium, and carbonate 'of magnesia; dis- 
 solved in an excess of carbonic acid. 
 JECINUS, Liver. 
 
 JECORARIA, Marchantia polymorphia. 
 JECORARIUS, Hepateros, Hepatic. 
 JECORIS VOMICA, see Hepatitis. 
 JECTIGA'TIO. A word used by Van Helmont 
 for a species of epilepsy or convulsion. 
 JECUR, Liver — j. Uterinum, Placenta. 
 JEFFERSO'NIA BARTONI, J. Bijyhijl'la, 
 Common Twinleaf, Yellow Root, Helmet Pod, 
 Ground Squirrel Pea. An indigenous plant, be- 
 longing to Nat. Ord. Berberidete, Sex. Sysi. Oc- 
 tandria Monogynia; which possesses medical pro- 
 perties analogous to those of hydrastis. 
 JEJUNITAS, Hunger. 
 
 JEJUNI'TIS ; a term of hybrid formation, — 
 from Jejunum, 'the intestine jejunum,' and itis, 
 a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflammatiou 
 of the ieiunum. 
 
 JEJ'UNIUM, Hunger, Fasting. 
 JEJU'NUM, ixova. jejunus, empty;' Nestis, vria- 
 Tig, Nesti'a. The part of the small intestine 
 comprised between the duodenum and ileum. It 
 has been so called, because it is almost alwaj'S 
 found empty in the dead body. 
 
 JELLY, Gelly— j. of the Cord, Gelatin of 
 Wharton — j. Rice, see Oryza — j. Water, Bra- 
 senia hydropeltis. 
 
 JENKINSONIA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Pe- 
 largonium antidysentericum. 
 JERGON, see Arrow-poison. 
 JERKING RESPIRATION, Respira- 
 tion, jerking. 
 
 JERKS, see Mania, dancing. 
 JERSEY, CLIMATE OF. Jersey is the 
 largest of the islands of the British Channel, and 
 is most frequented by invalids. Its climate 
 closely resembles that of the south-west coast 
 of England, and especially of Penzance, and it is 
 adapted to the same class of invalids. 
 
 JERUSALEM OAK OF AMERICA, Cheno- 
 podium anthelminticum. 
 
 JESEMINUM, Jasminum officinale. 
 JESSAMINE, Jasminum officinale— j. Yellow, 
 Gelseminum nitidum. 
 JE UN ESSE, Adolescence. 
 JEWEL WEED, Impaticns balsamina. 
 JEW'S EAR, Peziza auricula — j. Harp, Tril- 
 lium latifnlium. 
 JIGGER, Chiqne. 
 
 JIMSTON WEED, Datura stramonium- 
 JOANNESIA PRINCEPS, Anda. 
 
JOANNETTE 
 
 491 
 
 JUNCUS 
 
 JOANNETTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Several springs arc found at Joannette, al.out 
 five leagues from Angers, in France. The waters 
 are both cold and warm, and contain sulphate of 
 lime; subcarbonate of soda: chloride of sodium ; 
 some iron ; chloride of calcium, and, sometimes, 
 a kind of saponaceous matter. They are chiefly 
 need as a tonic in chlorosis, leucorrhcea, <tc. 
 
 JOE PYE, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 JOHNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Johne 
 is a village near Dol in Franche-Comte, France, 
 where is a mineral spring, which contains sub- 
 carbonate of soda, and subcarbonates of magne- 
 sia and iron. It is used chiefly as a bath in 
 certain diseases of the skin, and in atonic afiec- 
 tions. 
 
 JOINT, Articulation— j. Ball and Socket, En- 
 arthrosis — j. Dove-tail, Suture — j. Stiff, An- 
 kylosis. 
 
 JONAS, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 spring is situate to the south-west of Bourbon- 
 I'Archambault, in France. The waters contain 
 chloride of calcium and sulphate of lime ; chlo- 
 ride of sodium, and sulphate of soda; carbonate 
 of iron, and carbonic acid gas. They are tonic 
 and aperient. 
 
 JOUAN, ST., MINERAL WATERS OF. St. 
 Jouan is a village, near Saint-Malo, in France. 
 The water is a cold chalybeate. 
 
 JOUBARBE ACRE, Sedum — > des Toits, 
 Sempervivum tectorum — j. des Yignes, Sedum 
 telephium. 
 
 JOUE, Genu. 
 
 JOULOS, Julus. 
 
 JOUR, Dies. 
 
 JOURS CANIOULAIRES, Dog days—/. 
 Critiques, Critical days — j. Indicateurs, Indi- 
 cating days. 
 
 JOVIS FLOS, Crocus — j. Glans, Juglans. 
 
 JUCATO CALLELOE, Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 JUD^'US, Juda'icus [Lapifi,) Phoenici'tes 
 Lapis, Tecol'ithoa, ['F.) Pierre J udaique. A stone, 
 found in Judeea, Palestine, &c. Called, also. 
 Lapis Syriacus. It was formerly esteemed to be 
 diuretic and lithontriptio. 
 
 JUDGMENT, Jndic"ium, (F.) Jiigement. The 
 faculty of the intellect, by which ideas are com- 
 pared with each other, and their relative worth 
 appreciated. 
 
 JUDICATORII DIES, Critical days. 
 
 JUDICIUM, Judgment. 
 
 JUGAL, Zygomatic — j. Process, Zygomatic 
 process. 
 
 Jttgal REGiofT, Ee'gio juga'lis. The region 
 of the cheek-bone. 
 
 JUGALE OS, MalEe os, 
 
 JUGALIS, Zygomatic. 
 
 JuGALis Sdtu'ra, from ^uyov, 'a yoke.' The 
 suture which unites the Os MalcB or Os Jiiga'le 
 with the superior maxillary bone. Also, the 
 sagittal suture. 
 
 JUGEMENT, Judgment. 
 
 JUGLANS CINER'EA {Jovia glans), Butter 
 Hut, Oil N'lit, White Wahmt. The inner bark 
 of the root of this tree, Juglans (Ph. U. S.), which 
 is abundant in the United States, is used in me- 
 dicine, in the form of extract, as an efficacious 
 and mild laxative, in doses of from 10 to 20 
 grains. It is in the secondary list of the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the United States. 
 
 JuGLAltS Re'gia, Juglans, Nux Juglans, Carya 
 hasil'ica, Kapva, Carya. The Walnut, (F.) Noyer, 
 the tree ; Noix, the nut, Kapvov, Car'yon. The 
 unripe fruit, in the state in which it is pickled, 
 was formerly esteemed to be anthelmintic. The 
 putamen or green rind of the walnut has been 
 celebrated as a powerful antisj'phUitic, and used 
 
 as a sort of diet drink. The Jcernel is an agreea- 
 ble article of dessert ; but, like all nuts, is diffi- 
 cult of digestion. The expressed oil, JJtiile ue 
 Noix, is used in France as an aliment, and, like 
 other fixed oils, is laxative. 
 
 Various preparations of the leaves have been 
 recommended in scrofulous affections. 
 
 JUG'ULAR, Jugula'ris, from jvgulum, 'the 
 throat.' Relating to the throat. 
 
 Jugular Fossa, Fossa Jugula'ris, is a cavity 
 in the i^etro-occijjital suture. It is formed by the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone, and by the 
 occipital bone, and lodges the origin of the inter- 
 nal jugular vein. It is, sometimes, called thimble- 
 like cavity. 
 
 Jugular Veins, Vena Jugula'res, V. sphagit'- 
 ides, V. apoplec'tica, Y. sopora'les. Tiiese are 
 situate at the lateral and anterior parts of the 
 neck. They are two on each side; one external, 
 the other internal. 1. The External Jugular 
 Vein, Trachelo-sous-cutanee, (Ch.) is of less size 
 than the internal. It descends, almost vertieallj', 
 along the anterior and lateral part of the neck, 
 from the cervix of the lower jaw to the subcla- 
 vian vein, into which it opens, a little above the 
 internal jugular. It is formed bj' the internal 
 maxillary, superficial temporal, and piosterior au- 
 ricular veins. It is this vein which is commoni}' 
 opened in bleeding in the neck. 2. The Internal 
 Jugular Vein, V. Cephalique (Ch.), Vena apo- 
 plec'tica, is much larger, and more deeply seated 
 than the preceding. It descends, vertically, along 
 the anterior and lateral part of the neck, from the 
 posterior part of the foramen lacerum posterius as 
 far as the subclavian vein. It commences at the 
 sinus of the jugular vein, (F.) Gulfe de la veine 
 jugulaire, and receives the blood, which returns 
 by the sinus of the dura mater, and that of the 
 facial, lingual, ptharyngeal, superior thyroid, oc- 
 cipital, and diploic veins. 
 
 JUGULUM, Clavicle, Throat— j. Uteri, Collum 
 uteri. 
 
 JUGUM PENIS, Presse-urethre. 
 
 JUICE, EXPRESSED, see Succus. 
 
 JUJUBE, Jujuha, Ziz'yphum, BacccB jujn}i<p, 
 B. Ziz'yphi. The fruit of Rhamnus Ziz'ypihus, 
 Ziz'yphns vulga'ris seu jujuha sen sati'va, a na- 
 tive of the south of Europe. It was formerly 
 ranked amongst the pectoral fruits. It has an 
 agreeable sweet taste. The fruits of two other 
 species of Zizyphus — Z. jujuha, Rhamnus jujuba, 
 Mansana arho'rea, a native of the East Indies, 
 and Z. lotus, Rhamnus lotus, Zizyphus nit'ida seu 
 sati'va seu sylves'tris, growing in North Africa, 
 possess similar properties to Zizyphus vulgaris. 
 
 Jujube Paste, Paste of jujubes. 
 
 JULAPIUM, Julep — j. Camphorre, Mistura 
 Camphoree. 
 
 JULEB, Julep. 
 
 JULEP, Jula'pium, Jule'pus, Zula'pium, Ju- 
 leb of the Persians. A sweet drink. A demul- 
 cent, acidulous or mucilaginous mixture. 
 
 Julep, Camphor, Mistura camphorse — -/. Cam- 
 phre, Mistura camphorae — j. Mint, see Mint 
 julep. 
 
 JULUS, Julos, loulos, iov\os. The first down 
 that appears upon the chiu. — Rufus of Ephesus- 
 
 JUMEAU, Gemellus. 
 
 JU3TEA UX BE LA JAMBE, Gastrocnemiu 
 
 JUMELLE, Gemellus. 
 
 JUMENTOUS URINE, Urine jumenteuse. 
 
 JUNCTURA, Articulation. 
 
 JUNCUS ODORA'TUS, Andropo'gon sehce- 
 nan'thus seu bicor'nia seu citra'tus seu citriodo'- 
 riis, Cymbopo'gon schcenan' thus, Fcenum came- 
 lo'riim, Juncuc aromat'iciiJ>, Camel's hay, Sweat 
 rush, Schcenan' thus, Schcenan' thum, Sccenan' thitm, 
 Cal'amua odora'tus, Sq^uinan'thus, Gramen .5rte« . 
 
JUNGLE 
 
 492 
 
 EAHINC^ 
 
 ia'te, (F.) Jonc odorant. The dried plant, which 
 is generally procured from Turkey and Arabia, 
 has an agreeable smell, and a warm, bitterish 
 taste. It was formerly used as a stomachic and 
 deobstruent. 
 
 JUNGLE FEVER. A variety of remittent 
 occurring in the jungle districts of India. 
 
 JUNIPER TREE, Jiiniperus communis. 
 
 JUNIP'ERUM VINUM. Wine impregnated 
 with juniper berries. 
 
 JUNIP'ERUS COMMU'NIS, J. Suecica, Ar- 
 ceu'thos, Ju'iiiper tree ; Akat'alis, Akat'era. Fa- 
 mily, Conifers. Sex. Si/st. Dioecia Monadelphia. 
 The tops and berries, Juniji'erus (Ph. U. S.), are 
 ordered in the pharmacopoeias. Their odour is 
 strong, but not unpleasant. Taste warm, pun- 
 gent. Properties dependent upon essential oil, 
 which they yield to both water and alcohol. 
 Dose, 9j to 3^ss, rubbed with sugar. In Hol- 
 land, juniper berries are used for flavouring 
 gin. The oil, O'leum juni'p'eri, possesses the 
 virtues of the plant. It is called, by Ruland, 
 Targar. (F.) Genevrier (the plant), Genievre 
 (the berry). 
 
 Jdniperus Lycia. This plant — Thii'rea, Th. 
 vh-ga, Arbor thurif'era — has been supposed to 
 afford the true frankincense, Cedros Olih' amim, 
 Thus Libano'tos, Libano'tum, Lib'anos, Thus 
 mas'culum, Thtw verum, (P.) Encens. By some, 
 however, it is supposed to be the produce of an 
 Am'yris, and by others of Boswel'lia serra'ta. 
 The odour of olibanum is peculiar and aromatic ; 
 taste bitterish and slightly pungent ; partly solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and forming a milky emulsion, 
 when triturated with water. It was formerly 
 used in dysentery and htemoptysis, but is now 
 never employed except as a perfume in a sick 
 room. 
 
 JuNlPERUS Oxyce'drus, (F.) Cade, Oxioedre, 
 Oxycedre, grows in the south of Europe, Siberia, 
 &G. By combustion of the wood, a liquid tar, 
 O'leum ca'dinum, Junijy'eri o'leum empyreumat'i- 
 cum, Huile de Cade ou de Genevrier, is obtained, 
 which is employed externally in various chronic 
 cutaneous and other diseases. 
 
 JuNlPERTTS Sabi'na, Sabi'na, Savi'na, Sabi'na 
 ster'ilis, Bruta, Cedrus baccif'era, Common or 
 barren savin; Brathu, Brathys, Ba'rathron, Bo'- 
 rathron, (F.) Sabine, Savinier. The odour of 
 savin leaves is strong and disagreeable. Taste 
 hot, acrid, and bitter, depending on an essential 
 oil. Their operation is stimulant, emmenagogue, 
 anthelmintic, and abortive ; externally, escharo- 
 tic. Dose, internally, gr. v to x of the powder. 
 As an escharotic, they are applied in powder or 
 formed into a cerate. The essential oil, O'leum 
 Sabi'ncB (Ph. U. S.), has the virtues of the savine. 
 Dose, two to five drops. 
 
 JuNiPERTJS Suecica, J. communis. 
 
 Jtiniperus "Virginia'na, Red cedar. This tree 
 is known throughout the United States by tha 
 name of savine, and is often used for the same 
 purposes. 
 
 JUNK, Pad. 
 
 JUNO LUCINA, nithyia. 
 
 JUPITER, Tin. 
 
 JURIBALI, Eurihali. A tree in the forests 
 of Pomeroon. Fam. Meliacese. Class, Octan- 
 dria. Nat. Order, Monogynia. The bark is 
 febrifuge, and may be given in powder or infu- 
 sion, (5j ad aq. bidlient. Oij.) 
 
 JURISPRU'DENCE, MED'ICAL, from jns, 
 juris, 'law,' and prudentia, 'knowledge.' Juris- 
 jyrudeii'tia Med' ica. This word is often used sy- 
 nonymously with Legal Medicine. It is now, as 
 frequently, perhaps, employed for the embodied 
 laws and regulations that relate to the teaching 
 and practice of medicine. 
 
 JURY OF MATRONS. A jury formed of wo- 
 men empanelled under a writ de ventre inspici- 
 endo, to try the question, whether a uoman bo 
 with child or not. 
 
 JUS, Zomos, Zomid' ivm, Sorbit"io, Sor'hitum. 
 Soup, broth, Jus'culum or bouillon. 
 
 Jus BoviNUM, Beef-tea — j. Coagulatum, Gelly. 
 
 JUS D'HEBBES, (F.) The juice of certain 
 vegetables administered as depuratives; as that 
 of fumitory, burdock, water trefoil, &c. 
 
 Jus Jelatum, Gelly — /. de Reglisse, see Gly- 
 cyrrhiza — j. de Viande, see Bouillon. 
 
 JUSCULUM, see Jus. 
 
 JUSQUIAMUS, Hyoseyamus. 
 
 JVSQUIAUME, Hyoseyamus. 
 
 JUSTICIA BIVALVIS, Adulasso — j. Adha- 
 toda, Adhatoda. 
 
 JusTic"iA Ecbol'ium, Carim cxirini. A Mala- 
 bar plant, the root of which, and the leaves, in 
 decoction, are considered in the country to be 
 lithontriptic. 
 
 JusTiciA Pectora'lis. A "West India plant, 
 which is slightly astringent. (F.) Carmantine, 
 C. Pectorale, Herbe aux Charpentiers. 
 
 JUVANS, Auxil'ium, Bemed'ium. A medicine 
 or substance of any kind, which relieves a disor- 
 der. An adjuvant. 
 
 JUVENIS, Adolescens. 
 
 JUVENTA, Adolescence, Hebe. 
 
 JUVENTAS, Adolescence, Hebe. 
 
 JUVENTUS, Adolescence, Hebe. 
 
 3\]XTAV0QlT'l01S,Jaxtaposit"io,hoxajuxtn, 
 'near to,' and ponere, positum, 'to place.' The 
 mode of increase proper to minerals ; which con- 
 sists in the successive application of new mole- 
 cules upon those that form the primitive nucleus. 
 It is opposed to intussusception. 
 
 K. 
 
 A'. B. — Most of the terms under K, derived from the Greek, are found under the letter 0. 
 
 K. This letter was formerly used to designate 
 a compound of gold. 
 
 KAATH, Catechu. 
 
 KAAWY. Ancient name of an Indian drink, 
 ).repared from maize. 
 
 KABALA, Cabal. 
 
 KiEMPFERIA GALANGA, see Maranta ga- 
 litnga. 
 
 K.emppe'ria Rotun'da. Called after Ksemp- 
 for, the naturalist; Zedoa'ria, Z. rotun'da, Amo'- 
 vium zedua'ria, Cul'chieum Zeylan'icum, Cur'cu- 
 
 ma aromat'ica, Zed'oary, (F.) Zedoaire rond. 
 The roots of this Ceylonese plant have a fragrant 
 smell, and warm, bitterish, aromatic taste. They 
 are in wrinkled, gray, ash-coloured, heavy, firm, 
 short pieces; of a brownish-red colour within; 
 and are stimulant and carminative. Dose, ^j to 
 5j of tlie powder. 
 
 According to some, the round zedoary is fur- 
 nished by Curcuma zermnhet ; the long, Zedoa'ria 
 lonqn, by Oiir'cuma zedoa'ria. 
 
 KAHINCiE RADIX, Caincas radix. 
 
ZAIB 
 
 493 
 
 KIDNEY 
 
 KAIB, Kayl. A word employed by the 3-lche- 
 mists for sour and coagulated milk. 
 
 KAJEPUT, Cajeput. 
 
 KAKOCHYMIA, Cacochymia. 
 
 KALI, Potash, Potassa — k. Acetas, Potassas 
 acetas — k. Aeratum, Potassa3 carbonas — k. Bi- 
 chromicum, Potasste bichromas — k. Caustieum, 
 Potassa fusa — k. Caasticum cum calce, Potassa 
 cum calee— k. Chloricum, Potassse murias hyper- 
 oxygenatus — k. Chromicum acidum, Potassas bi- 
 chromas — k. Chromicum flavum, Potassse bichro- 
 mas — k. Chromicum rubrum, Potassas bichromas 
 
 — k. Chromicum neutrale, Potassse chromas — 
 k. Hydriodinicum, see Potassas hydriodas — k. 
 Inermis, see Salsola kali — k. Nitricum, Po- 
 tassse nitras — k. Oxalicum acidulum, Potassa, ox- 
 alate of-— k. Prasparatum, PotassEe subcarbonas 
 k. Prasparatum e tartaro, see Potash — k. Purum, 
 Potassa fusa — -k. Soda, see Salsola kali — k. Spi- 
 nosum cochleatum, Salsola kali — k. Subcarbonas, 
 Potassaa subcarbonas — k. Sulphas, PotassEe sul- 
 phas — k. Sulphuricum, Potassae sulphas — k. Sul- 
 phuretum, Potassse sulphuretum — k. Tartariza- 
 tum, PotassEB tartras — k. e Tartaro, see Potash — 
 k. Vitriolatum, Potassas sulphas. 
 
 KALICUM HYDRAS, Potassa fusa. 
 KALIUM lODATUM, see Potassse hydriodas 
 
 — k. lodatum Hydrargyratum, Potassii hydrar- 
 gyro-iodidum. 
 
 KALMIA ANGUSTIFO'LIA. Called after 
 Kalm, the botanist. Ivy, Narroic-leaved Kalmia 
 or Laurel, Dwarf Laurel, Sheep Laurel. This 
 plant has the same virtues as K. latifolia. So 
 also has 
 
 Kalmia Glauca, Swamp Laurel. 
 
 Kalmia, Broad-Leated, K. latifolia. 
 
 Kalmia Latifo'lia, Broad-leaved Kalmia, 
 Cal'ico hush, Laurel, Mountain Laurel, Rose Lau- 
 rel, Big Ivy, Spoonwood, Lamlikill, Sheep-poison, 
 Broad-leaved' Laurel. This plant kills sheep and 
 other animals. The Indians use it as a poison. 
 The powdered leaves have been applied success- 
 fully in tinea capitis ; and a decoction of it has 
 been used for the itch. The powder, mixed with 
 lard, has been applied in herpes. 
 
 Kalmia, Narrow-leaved, K. angustifolia. 
 
 KALO, Arum esculentum. 
 
 KAMPHUR, Camphor. 
 
 KAPHUR, Camphor. 
 
 KARABE, Asphaltum. 
 
 KARABITUS, Phrenitis. 
 
 KARCINOSEN, Carcinoses, 
 
 KAREXA, Carena. 
 
 KASSADER, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 KASSAUDER, Convolvulus Panduratus. 
 
 KATASARCA, Anasarca. 
 
 KATASTALTICA, Astringents. 
 
 KAVA, Ava. 
 
 KAVIAC, Caviare. 
 
 KAYL, Kaib. 
 
 KEITA, Monsonia ovata. ' 
 
 KELOID, Cancroid. 
 
 KELOTOMIA, Celotomia. 
 
 KELP, Varec. The impure mineral alkali 
 obtained by burning certain marine plants. See 
 Soda. 
 
 KENISTELWORT, Scrophularia nodosa. 
 
 KENTUCKY, MINERAL "WATERS OF. 
 The Olympian Springs in this state are near the 
 sources of Licking River. There are three diife- 
 rent kinds, in the space of half a mile. One of 
 them is saline, impregnated with sulphur ; — ano- 
 ther is chalybeate, and a third a sulphureous 
 spring. In various parts of Kentucky, there are 
 saline waters, which are frequented by inva- 
 lids. The Salines at Bigbone, formerly em- 
 ployed in the manufacture of salt, are now re- 
 sorted to. A spring, near Ilarrodsburg, in Mercer 
 
 County, is strongly impregnated with sulphate of 
 magnesia. 
 
 KERATITIS, Ceratitis. 
 
 KERATO-GLOSSUS, Cerato-glossus. 
 
 KERATO-IRITIS, Aquo-membrauitis. 
 
 KERATONYXIS, Ceratonyxis. 
 
 K E R A T - PHARYNGEUS, Cerato-pharyn- 
 geus. 
 
 KERATO-STAPHYLINUS, Cerato-staphyli- 
 nus. 
 
 KERATOTOMUS, Ceratotomus, Knife, cata- 
 ract. 
 
 KEEMES, Chermes, Alhermes. One of the 
 species of the genus kermes lives on a green oak, 
 and is called Coccus il'icis, Kermes animal, Coc- 
 cum. Cocci gramim, Coccum haph'ieum seu infec- 
 to'rium, tincto'rum, scarlati'num, «fcc. The oak, 
 to which allusion has been made, is known by 
 botanists under the name Quercus cocci/'era, and 
 grows abundantly in the uncultivated lands of 
 southern France, Spain, and in the islands of the 
 Grecian Archipelago. The kermes inhabiting it 
 has the appearance of a small, spherical, inani- 
 mate shell. Its colour is reddish-brown, and it 
 is covered with a slightly ash-coloured dust. 
 This is the kermes of the shops. It is now only 
 used in dyeing ; but was formerly reputed to 
 possess aphrodisiac, analeptic, anti-abortive, and 
 other virtues. 
 
 Kermes Mineral, see Antimonii sulphuretum 
 pr»eipitatum. 
 
 KERNEL, Tubercle. 
 
 KERNELS, WAXING, see Waxing kernels. 
 
 KERIIA, Ricinus communis. 
 
 KETCHUP, Catchup. A pickle prepared from 
 the liquor of the mushroom, walnut, tomato, &c, 
 
 KETMIA ^GYPTIACA, Hibiscus abelmos- 
 chus. 
 
 KEY, Sax. cassj Clavis, Cleia, Claris An'glica, 
 (F.) Clef de Garangeot. An instrument, used for 
 extracting teeth. It consists of a firm handle, 
 with a claw at right angles to it, and moving 
 upon a pivot. This claw embraces the tooth. It 
 has undergone several modifications, and henco 
 various instruments are used under this denomi- 
 nation. The French have the Clef d pompe. Clef 
 d jjivof, and Clef d noix. 
 
 KEYRI CIIEIRI, Cheii-anthus eheiri. 
 
 KHALA MIMUC, Bit n&ben. 
 
 KIAS'TER, Chiaster, from ;;^ia^av, ' to cross.' 
 A species of bandage, having the form of the 
 Greek letter x> which the ancients used for ap- 
 proximating, and maintaining in contact, the 
 fragments of the patella, in cases of fracture of 
 that bone. It was applied in the form of the 
 figure 8. 
 
 KIBISTITOME, Cystitome. 
 
 KIDNEY. Its etymology is uncertain. Sere- 
 nius derives it fancifully from Su. Goth, qued, the 
 bellj'j and nigh, ("quasi, quidney.) Ben, Ne2ohros, 
 Protme'sis, (F.) Bein. The kidneys or reins are 
 the secretory organs of the urine. _ They are two 
 glands, situate deeply, — the one on the right, and 
 the other on the left side, — in the hypochondres: 
 at the sides of the lumbar vertebrae ; behind the 
 peritoneum; and in the midst of an abundant, 
 fatty areolar tissue, Tu'nica adipo'sa. The kid- 
 ney is of a reddish-brown colour; oval form; 
 and flattened on two surfaces. It has, at its in- 
 ternal margin, a deep fissure, by which the renal 
 vessels and nerves enter or quit the organ, and 
 the ureter issues. It resembles, pretty accurate- 
 ly, the haricot or kidney-bean. Two suhstamc-K 
 are readily distinguishable in it; — the outer, se- 
 cerning, cortical, glandular or vascidar, Siibstan'- 
 tia cortica'lis, S. glandiilo'sa, which secretes tho 
 urine; and the inner, tubular, medullnry, vriu{~ 
 fcroiis, conoidal or radiated, Sul^'t'- n'ii'i 'urdui 
 
KIESTEINE 
 
 494 
 
 KNEE 
 
 la'rxK, S. Tiihulo'sa, S. Fihro'sa, 'whicli appears 
 under the form of small cones or unequal papiUcB, 
 each resulting from the union of small capillarj' 
 tubes, adherent by one of their extremities to the 
 cortical substance ; and opening, by the other, at 
 the summit of the cone, into calices, a species of 
 membranous tubes, more or less numerous, which 
 transmit the urine of the papilla3 to the pelvis. 
 By the pelvis is meant a small, membranous 
 sac, of an irregularly oval shape, at the base of 
 which are the orifices of the calices, and the other 
 extremity of which is continuous with the ureter. 
 The kidney is surrounded by a fibrous membrane 
 proper to it, Perineph'rus. It has been shown by 
 Mr. Bowman and others that the renal artery is 
 distributed to the corpora Malpighiana, where 
 the watery portion of the urine is separated. 
 The blood then becomes venous, and is distribu- 
 ted by different veins — portal veins of the kidney 
 — to the convoluted tubes through which the 
 proper urine is secreted. Hence the blood passes 
 into the renai vein. The intermediate vessels 
 lietween the Malpighian bodies and the convo- 
 luted tubes, have been termed the Portal System 
 of the Kidney. 
 
 KiDNEV, Bright's Disease of the. Morbus 
 Bright' ii, M. albuminen'sis, Nejihri'tis album ino'- 
 8a, Neph'ria, TJroze'mia albuniino'sa, Cachee'tic 
 nephri'tis, Nephri'tis socia'ta, Asso'ciated nepjhri- 
 iis, Inflammation of the Malpig'hian cor'puscles, 
 Disease of Bright, Gran'ular Deqenera'tion or 
 Bisorganiza'tion of the Kidney, Granular Kid- 
 ney of Bright, (F.) Maladie de Bright, Nephrite 
 albumineuse, Etnt Granulevx ou Begenerescence 
 gravulee du Rein, Alhurninurorrhee. A granular 
 disease of the cortical part of the kidney, which 
 gives occasion to the secretion of urine that con- 
 tains albumen, and is of less specific gravity than 
 natural, and which destroys by inducing other 
 diseases. It was first described by Dr. Bright 
 of London. 
 
 Kidney, Granular, of Bright, Kidney, 
 Bright's disease of the. 
 
 KI'ESTEINE, Ki'estein, properly Ky'esteine, 
 Ky'estein, Kystein, Cy'esteine or Cy'estein, from 
 Kvctv, ' to be pregnant,' and cadni, ' a garment or 
 pellicle.' A peculiar pellicle, which forms on 
 the urine of a pregnant female when allowed 
 to stand for a few days. It is whitish, opa- 
 lescent, slightly granular, and may be com- 
 pared to the fatty substance that swims on the 
 Burface of soups, after they have been allowed to 
 cx)6l. Y/hen taken in conjunction with other 
 phenomena., it is a valuable aid in the diagnosis 
 of early pregnancy. 
 
 KlESTliVlC, Kiestin'-icus ; same etymon. Re- 
 lating or appertaining to kiesteine j as ' kiestinic 
 urine.' 
 
 KILBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These springs contain carbonic acid, sulphohy- 
 dric acid ; carbonates of lime, magnesia, and 
 iron ; sulphates of soda, lime, and magnesia, and 
 chloride of sodium. 
 
 KILOGRAMME, ChiUogram'ma, from xtXfoj, 
 'a thousand,' and ypniifta, 'a gramme.' The 
 weight of a thousand grammes; — two pounds 
 eight ounces, one drachm, and twenty-four grains, 
 Troy. 
 
 KILOLITRE, from x'^""' '^ thousand,' and 
 "^iToa, ' a litre.' A measure containing a thousand 
 litres. 
 
 KINA KINA, Cinchona. 
 
 KlNAKCfE, Cvnanehe. 
 
 KINCOUGII, Pertussis. 
 
 KTNDCOUGIL Pertussis. 
 
 KINESIP'ATIIY,A7??e«(V//erap7*'(f,from«-ivi(Tif, 
 'motion,' and TitOu<;, 'disease.' A mode of treating 
 (jieca»Ti> by gymnastics or appropriate movements. 
 
 KINETIC, Motory. 
 KINGCURE, Pyrola maculata. 
 KING'S EVIL, Scrofula. 
 KINICI ACETAS, Quinia, acetate of. 
 KININUM, Quinina. 
 KINK IN TKE HEAD, see Insanity. 
 KINKINA, Cinchona. 
 
 KINO, Gummi Gambien'se, Gvmmi rubrnm ad~ 
 strin'gens Gambien'se, African kino, Bast India 
 kino, Amboy'na kino, Gummi adstrin'gens Fother- 
 gil'li. The trees, whence one variety of this resin 
 is obtained, are not botanically ascertained. The 
 London college ascribe it to Pterocar'pus erina'- 
 cea ; the Edinburgh to Eucahjp'tus resinif era, 
 Metroside' ros gummif era ; and the Dublin to Bu- 
 tea f rondo' sa. The Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States, (1842,) defines it to be "an extract ob- 
 tained from an uncertain plant;" that of 1851 
 states it to be the inspissated juice oi Pterocarp'ns 
 marsu'pium (De Candolle) and of other plants. 
 On wounding the bark, the kino flows drop by 
 drop. A West India variety is said to be derived 
 from Coccoloba uvif'era or Sea-side Grape ; and 
 a Botany Bay kino is said to be the concrete 
 juice of Enealyp' tus resinif ' era or brown gum-tree 
 of New Holland. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Mono- 
 gynia. Nat. Ord. Myrtacese. Kino consists 
 chiefly of tannic and gallic acids, oxide of iron, 
 and colouring matter. It is inodorous; the taste a 
 sweetish bitter; and it is sometimes gritty be- 
 tween the teeth. It comes to us in fragments of 
 a dark ruby red colour, and is easily pulverized. 
 Its properties are powerfully astringent. Dose, 
 gr. X to gr. XX in powder. 
 
 KIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy. 
 
 KI'OTOME, Kiot'omus, from kiwv, 'a pillar,' 
 'support,' and tsijvciv, 'to cut.' (F.) Covpebride. 
 An instrument invented by Desault, to cut any 
 accidental brides or filaments in the rectum and 
 bladder; and which he afterwards used for the 
 removal of the tonsils. It is composed of a flat, 
 silver sheath, open at one edge. This sheath is 
 provided with a cutting blade, which can be forced 
 through the opening, and thus all the parts can be 
 divided with which it comes in contact. 
 
 KIPPERNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum. 
 
 KIRATE. A weight of four grains, according 
 to Elan card. 
 
 KIRKLAND'S NEUTRAL CERATE, see 
 Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral. 
 
 KIRRHONOSIS, Cirrhosis. 
 
 KIRRHOSIS, Cirrhosis. 
 
 KIRSCHWASSER, (G.) ' Cherry wafer.' 
 An alcoholic liquor, obtained from cherries 
 bruised with their stones, by subjecting them to 
 distillation, after having caused them to ferment. 
 See Spirit. 
 
 KISSINGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 These Bavarian springs have been long frequent- 
 ed. There are three, — two chalybeate, and one 
 alkaline and acidulous. 
 
 KIST. A weight of 14 grains. — Paracelsus. 
 
 KLAPROTHII SULPHAS, Cndmii sulphas. 
 
 KLAPROTHIUM SULPHURICUM,see Cad- 
 mii sulphas. 
 
 KLEPTOMA'NIA, Cleptoma'nia, Klopema'- 
 nia, Clopemania ; from KXtr-'j, 'I steal,' and 
 mania. Insanity, with an irresistible propensity 
 to steal. 
 
 KLIPDAS, see Hyrax Capensis. 
 
 KLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania. 
 
 KNARESBOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. sec Ilnrrogato, mineral waters of. 
 
 KNEADING, Shampooing. 
 
 KNEE, Genu. 
 
 Kner. IIorsEMAin's. An inflnmmntion of the 
 bursa, v.bich in most individuals is in front of the 
 patella, and is apt to inflame and enlarge from 
 
KNEE-JOINT 
 
 495 
 
 KUTUBUTH 
 
 effusion in those in whom it is subjected to much 
 pressure. Ilence its name. It is a form of cap- 
 sular rheumatism. 
 
 KNEE-JOINT, Genu. 
 
 KNEE-SCAB, Crusta genu equinaa — k. Encir- 
 cled hoof, Crusta genu equinse. 
 
 KNIFE. Sax. cnip. Swed. Knif. Dan. 
 Kniv. (F.) Canif. Cidter, Smile, CidteU'us, To- 
 mei'on, 7'ome'us, IfachcB'ra, MachcB'riuv, Machce'- 
 ris, (F.) Coutean. A cutting instrument, used in 
 surgery to divide the soft parts, and which only 
 differs from the bistouri or scalpel in being usu- 
 ally larger. 
 
 The most common knives are the following: 
 
 Knife, Amputa'tion, (F.) Couteau d amputa- 
 tion, C. droit, Cidter rectus. This is the largest 
 of the knives used in surgery. Formerly, they 
 were curved ; now they are straight, and pro- 
 vided with one or two edges. 
 
 Knife, Cat'aract, Ceratot' omits, Keratot'omus, 
 (F.) Couteau d cataracte. The cataract knives 
 of Riehter, Wenzel, Ward, and others, being in- 
 tended to perform the section of the transparent 
 cornea, are so shaped as to exactly fill the small 
 wound made by them; and thus to prevent the 
 discharge of the aqueous hnmour, until the sec- 
 tion is completed. The blade of the knives of 
 Wenzel and Ward resembles a very narrow lan- 
 cet, blunt in the posterior five-sixths of one of its 
 edges. The blade of that of Riehter is pj'rami- 
 dal, cutting thi-ough the whole length of its in- 
 ferior edge, and also blunt in the five-sixths of 
 the upper. 
 
 Knife, Ches'elden's. A knife with a fixed 
 handle; verj'^ convex on its edge, concave on the 
 back, which was used by Cheselden in lithotomy. 
 
 Knife, Crooked, Culter falca'tus, Cidter cur- 
 vns, (F.) Couteau courhe. A knife, which is 
 crooked and concave on its cutting edge. It was 
 formerly employed in amputation of the limbs. 
 
 Knife, Crotchet, Cultel'lus uncus, (F.) Cou- 
 teau d crochet. A steel instrument, composed of 
 a round staff, furnished with a handle at one ex- 
 txemity, and at the other with a curved l^nife. 
 It was formerly used to cut to pieces monstrous 
 foetuses in utero, and to open the head when ne- 
 cessary. 
 
 Knife, DorBLE-EDGED, Anceps cidtel'lus, Am- 
 phis'mela, Aniphis'mile, Catling, (F.) Coiiteau d 
 deux tranchans, Couteau desarticulaleur, C. inter- 
 osseiix. A knife, the blade of which is straight 
 and sharp on both sides. It is used for disarti- 
 culating bones; and for cutting the soft parts 
 situate between the bones, in amputation of the 
 leg and forearm. 
 
 KNIFE EN SERPETTE, (F.) Couteau en 
 eerpette. A sort of knife, of the shape of a ser- 
 pette or pruning-knife, invented by Desault for 
 dividing the bony paries of the maxillary sinus, 
 for the purpose of extracting fungi from it. 
 
 Knife, Lentic'ular, Culter lentictda'ris, (F.) 
 Couteau lenticidaire. An instrument, used in the 
 operation of trepanning, for removing inequalities 
 in the inner table of the skull, which may have 
 been left by the crown of the trephine around 
 the opening made by it. It is formed of a len- 
 ticular button, fixed at the extremity of an iron 
 staff, which is convex on one side, flat on the 
 other ; sharp at both edges, and mounted on an 
 ebony handle. 
 
 Knife, LiTnoT'oMY, (F.) Coutean lithotome. A 
 name, given by Foubert to a large knife, the 
 narrow blade of which, four and a half inches 
 in length, was sharp in its whole extent, and 
 made an obtuse angle with the handle. lie used 
 it in the lateral operation. 
 
 Knife, Root-cutting. In Pharmacy, a knife 
 moving on a joint at its pointed extremity, by 
 
 which roots and other ligneous matters are di' 
 vided in pharmaceutical processes. 
 
 KNOCK-KNEED, Entogonyancon. 
 
 KNOT, Tubercle. 
 
 Knot, Packer's, (F.) Ncend d'emhalleur. A 
 compressive bandage, used for arresting hemor- 
 rhage from the temporal artery or its branches. 
 The nceud d'emhalleur is made with a double- 
 headed roller, five ells long. A graduated com- 
 press is placed over the opening in tlie artery, 
 and the bandage is applied over it; the balls of 
 the roller being carried horizontally round to tho 
 opposite temple, where they are crossed obliquely 
 and carried back to the part v.'here the compress 
 is situate. The hands are then changed with the 
 rollers, crossing them so as to form a knot, and 
 taking one above the head; the other beneath 
 the chin. They are then crossed again, so as to 
 form several knots, one above the other. This 
 bandage is called, by some surgeons. Solar or 
 oblique chevestre or cup>istrum. 
 
 Knot, Surgeon's, Nodus chirur'giciis, (F.) 
 Nceud dit, chirurgien. A double knot made by 
 passing the thread twice through the same noose. 
 This knot is used frequently in the ligature of 
 arteries, the umbilical cord, &c. 
 
 KNOTBERRIES, Rubus ehamffimorus. 
 
 KNOTGRASS, Polygonum aviculare. 
 
 KNOTROOT, CoUinsonia Canadensis. 
 
 KNOTWEED, CoUinsonia Canadensis, Poly- 
 gonum aviculare. 
 
 KNOWLTON'IA VESICATO'RIA. Nat. 
 Order, Ranunculaoea3. An acrid plant of South 
 Africa, used by the Cape colonists as a blister in 
 rheumatism. 
 
 KOINO-MIASMATA, see Miasm. 
 
 KOLERUS, a name given by Paracelsus to a 
 dry ulcer. 
 
 KOLPORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaphr. 
 
 KOLTO, Plica. 
 
 KOOCHLA TREE, Strychnos nux vomica. 
 
 KOPYOPIA, see Copyopia. 
 
 KORIS, Cimex. 
 
 KOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica. 
 
 KOUMIS, Kumyss. 
 
 KRAME'RIA, Eatan'hia, Rhatan'ia, Rat'- 
 anhij, (F.) Ratanhie. Krameria, Kranieria tri- 
 andra, — Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, Nat. 
 Ord. Polygalese, — is a native of Java. The root 
 has a bitter taste; and is astringent, diuretic, and 
 detergent. Dose, Qj to ^]. 
 
 Krame'ria Ixi'na or Ratanhy of the AntiUea 
 has similar virtues. 
 
 KREASOTON. Creasote. 
 
 KREATIC NAUSEA, see Nausea. 
 
 KRBATINE, Creatine. 
 
 KREATININE, see Creatine. 
 
 KREOSOTON, Creasote. 
 
 KRETINISMUS, Cretinism. 
 
 KRIEBELKRANKHEIT, Convulsio cer- 
 ealis. 
 
 KUA KAHA, Curcuma longa. 
 
 KUMYSS, Koiimyss, Koumis. A beverage 
 used in families by the people of Yakutz. It 
 resembles sour buttermilk, without being greasy. 
 According to Sir George Simpson, it is prepared 
 in a very simple way from mare's milk, which is 
 merely allowed to stand for some days in a lea- 
 thern churn till it becomes sour. It is then bot- 
 tled for use. This drink is rather nutritious than 
 exhilarating ; but from the same material ifao 
 Burats and the Kirghez prepare an intoxicating 
 spirit in which they indulge to excess. 
 
 KUSSAUDER, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 KUTKULEJA. CECsalpinia bonducella. 
 
 KUTOOKURUNJA, Cajsalpinia bonducella. 
 
 KUTUBUTH. An Arabic name for a species 
 of melancholy in which fjie patient is never •juict 
 
KTANOSIS 
 
 496 
 
 LABORIOUS 
 
 at iny one place, but wanders about here and 
 there. Also, the name of an insect, which lives 
 at the surface of stagnant waters, and is in a 
 constant state of agitation. Some lexicographers 
 imagine that it is on account of this last circum- 
 stance, that the name of the insect has been given 
 to the disease. 
 
 KYANOSIS, Cyanopathy. 
 
 KYAPUTTY, Caieput. 
 
 KYESTEINE, Kiesteine. 
 
 KYESTOvIC, Kiestinie. 
 
 KY^LLO'SIS, from KvWog, 'crooked,' 'lame.' 
 ' GijUo'sia. Professor Chaussier so calls congenital 
 distortion of the feet, Cluhfvot, Tal'ipes, (F.) Pied 
 hot. Of this there are many varieties. In one, 
 the foot, instead of resting on the soil, by the 
 whole plantar surface, touches it only with the 
 metatarso-phalangian articulations. It seems as 
 if turned backwards and broken upon the leg, 
 ( Pes seu Tal'ipes Equi'nus, IIip'j)opus, Oxypo'- 
 dia.) In other cases the foot is twisted in- 
 wards, ( Varus, Tal'ipes varus, Blmaop'odes, Bla'- 
 sopus, G//lloepus, Cyllop' oda, Cyllopod'ion, Lo'- 
 ripes, (F.) Cagneux,) so that it rests only on the 
 ground on its outer edge ; or it may be twisted 
 outwards, ( Vahjus, Tal'ipes Valgus,) or rest only 
 on its inner edge. In the flatfoot or splayfoot, 
 Daah-foot, Sar'apus, Plat'ypus, Platypod'ia, (P.) 
 Pied pilat, the plantar surface of the foot is flat- 
 tened instead of being concave. 
 
 These deformities are rarely accidental. They 
 are almost alwa3-s congenital, and may be rec- 
 tified, at an early period, by proper mechanical 
 means to strengthen the foot gradually and re- 
 store it to its proper shape and direction,; and if 
 these means fail, the tendons and muscles con- 
 cerned in the deformity may be divided. 
 
 KYMOGRAPH'ION ; from Kvfia, 'wave,' and 
 ypaipoi, 'I describe.' 'A wave describer or mea- 
 surer.' An instrument invented by Ludwig, 
 which is self-registering, and exhibits the rela- 
 
 tion between the waves of the pulse and the un- 
 dulations produced by respiration. \Miiller's 
 Archiv., 1847, s. 242.) 
 
 KYNA, Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 KYPHOSIS, see Cyphosis — k. Inflammatoria, 
 Vertebral disease — k. Paralytica, Vertebral dis- 
 ease. 
 
 KYST, Cyst, Kystis, Cystis, from Kuorjf, 'a 
 bladder,' 'pouch.' (E.) Kyste. This term is ge- 
 nerally applied to a pouch or sac, — Cysto'ma, — 
 without opening, and commonly of a membranous 
 nature, which is accidentally developed in one of 
 the natural cavities, or in the substance of organs. 
 Many theories have been successively emitted to 
 explain the formation of cysts, but none are en- 
 tirely satisfactory. Some are formed by a thin, 
 translucent membrane, having scarcely the thick- 
 ness of the arachnoid; others of a whitish, fibro- 
 cellular membrane, more or less thick. Some 
 contain cartilaginous or bony flakes. The greater 
 part have but one cavity; others, on the contrary, 
 have several, separated by complete or imperfect 
 septa, as is frequently seen in those developed in 
 the ovaries. The matter contained in cysts is 
 sometimes limpid, serous, yellowish white, red- 
 dish, and, at others, more or less thick, albumi- 
 nous, adipous, or caseous. The tumour, formed 
 by them, is called Encysted. 
 
 KYSTE, Kyst — k. Anevrysmal, Aneurismal 
 sac. 
 
 KY'STEIlSr, Kiesteine. 
 . KYSTHI'TIS, Cysthi'tis, from kvc&os, 'the va- 
 gina.' Inflammation of the vulva and of the 
 mucous membrane of the vagina. 
 
 KYSTHOPTO'SIS, from kvc&o;, the 'vagina,' 
 and TTiiiTw, 'I fall.' Prolapsus or inversion of the 
 vagina. 
 
 KYTTARRHAG"IA, from KVTrapiov, 'an alve- 
 olus,' and priYvvjii, 'I break forth.' Discharge of 
 blood from an alveolus. 
 
 L. 
 
 LABARIUM, from labi, 'to fall.' Looseness 
 of tho teeth. 
 
 LABDACISMUS, Lallation. 
 
 LABDAMEN, Cistus creticus. 
 
 LABDANUM, see Cistus creticus. 
 
 LABE, \aii8av(a, 'I seize,' 'I take,' 'the act of 
 grasping.' Invasion. Also, employed to denote 
 the first paroxysm of fevers. — Galen, Hippocrates. 
 
 LABEO, CMlon. 
 
 LABES, Chilon, Macula. 
 
 LABIA CUNNI, Lips of the vulva— 1. Interna 
 seu Minora, Nymphse — 1. Majora, Lips of the 
 vulva — 1. Pudondi, Lips of the vulva — 1. Pu- 
 dendi minora, Nymphee. 
 
 LABIAL, Labia'lis, from labium, 'a lip.' 
 
 LABIAL, Orbicularis oris. 
 
 Labial Aetery. Haller and Sabatier call thus 
 the facial artery of the majority of anatomists. 
 The labial arteries, properly so called, coronary 
 arteries of the ?/^js, (F.) Coronaircs dcs levres, are 
 tv»o in number. The supierior arises from the 
 facial, above, and very close to, the commissure 
 of tho lips. It is large and tortuous, and is dis- 
 tributed to the upper lip. The lower arises from 
 the facial, at a considerable distance from the 
 oommisstire, and proceeds, in a serpentine course, 
 into tho substance of the lower lip, to which it is 
 distributed 
 
 wADiAL >jri.AXDS. This name is given to a mul- 
 
 titude of muciparous follicles, of some size, round, 
 prominent, and separate from each other, which 
 are found on the inner surface of tho lips, below 
 the mucous membrane. 
 
 Labial Veins are distinguished, like the arte- 
 ries, into superior and inferior. They open into 
 the facial vein; — a division of the internal jugular. 
 
 LABIALIS, Orbicularis oris. 
 
 LABIDOMETER, Labimeter. 
 
 LABIM'ETER, (F.) Labimetre ou Labidoml- 
 tre, from 'Xapis, Xa,3iSos, ' forceps,' and /xsTpov, 
 'measure.' A scale adapted to the handles of 
 the forceps, which indicates the distance of the 
 blades from each other, when applied to the head 
 of the child in iitero. 
 
 LABIS, Forceps. 
 
 LABIUM, Lip — 1. Leporinum, Hai-elip — 1. 
 Uteri, Amphideum. 
 
 LABLAB, Dolichos lablab, 
 
 LABORANS, Sick. 
 
 LABORATOIRE, Laboratory. 
 
 LABOR ATORIUM, Laboratory — 1. Ch3'mi- 
 cum seu pharmaeeuticum, Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 LAB'ORATORY, Laborato'rium, Ergaste'rion, 
 (F.) Laboratoire, from laborare, 'to work.' A 
 work-shop. A place for preparing chemical or 
 pharmaceutical products, &c. 
 
 LABORIOSUS, Sick. 
 
 LABO'RIOUS. Delivery is said to be labo- 
 
LABOUR 
 
 497 
 
 LACnRTMAL 
 
 rious, Partus laborio'siis, 3Iogosfoc'ia, (F.) Ac- 
 couchement laloricux, -wben attended with more 
 difBculty and suffering than usual. With some, 
 laborious labour means one that requires the use 
 of instruments. See Dystocia. 
 LABOUR, Parturition. 
 
 Labour Chair, Obstet'ric chair. A chair, in 
 which a parturient woman is placed during de- 
 livery. . 
 
 Labour, Difficult, Dystocia — 1. Dry, Partus 
 Biocus — 1. Morbid, Dystocia — 1. Pains, see Pains 
 — 1. Powerless, see Parturition — 1. Premature, 
 Parturition, (premature) — 1. Preternatural, Meta- 
 tocia, see Parturition — 1. Show, see Parturition. 
 LABRISULCIUM, Cheilocaee, Stomacaee. 
 LABRUM, Lip — 1. Cerebri, Infundibulum of 
 (he brain. 
 LABRUSCA, Bryonia alba. 
 LAB'YRINTH, Labyrinth'us, Antrum buecl- 
 no'sum. A place, full of turnings, the exit of 
 which is not easily discoverable. Anatomists 
 tave given this name to the aggregate of parts, 
 constituting the internal ear. Labyrinth' us auris 
 in'timce, In'tima pars or'gani audi'tHs, Laby- 
 rinth'ic cavity of the ear. The Labyrinth is 
 situate between the tympanum and meatus audi- 
 torius internus. It is composed of several ca- 
 vities, which communicate with each other in the 
 dried bone; as the vestibule, cochlea, semicircular 
 canals, <fec. It is lined by periosteum, and also 
 by a pulpy membrane, constituting the membra- 
 nous labyrinth, on which the auditory nerve is 
 regularly dispersed. This membrane forms two 
 sacs in the vestibule, called sac'culus vestib'uli 
 and sac'culus, respectively, which resemble in 
 shape that of the bony cavities containing them. 
 Each sac contains calcareous matter, constituting 
 the Otolithcs and Otoconies. When the sac is 
 laid open, upon the upper and outer part, a par- 
 tition appears, partaking of the nature of the sac, 
 and called by Meckel, Septum vestib'uli nervo'so- 
 membrana' ceum. 
 
 Labtrimth, Membraxous. see Labyrinth. 
 LABYRINTHIC CAVITY OF THE EAR, 
 Labyrinth. 
 
 LABYRINTHUS, Labyrinth — 1. Auris Inti- 
 VQ.2C, see Labyrinth. 
 
 LAC, Milk, Laeca — 1. Ammoniaci, Mistura 
 ammoniaei — 1. Amygdalae, Emulsio amj'gdalas — 
 1. Asafoetida;, Mistura asafoetidas — 1. Avis, Albu- 
 Tuea ovi- — 1. Guaiaci, Mistura Guaiaci — 1. Gum, 
 Iiacea— 1. Lunaj, Marga Candida — 1. Maris, Sperm 
 — 1. Primum Puerperse, Colostrum — 1. Seed, 
 LaCca — 1. Shell, Lacca — 1. Stick, Lacea — 1. Sul- 
 phuris, Sulphur prsecipitatum — 1. Terras, Mag- 
 Tiesise carbonas — 1. Virginis, Virgin's milk. 
 
 LACCA, from lakah, Arab. Gummi lacccs. 
 Stick-lac, Gum-lac, Seed-lac, Shell-lac, (F.) 
 Laque. Lao is a substance formed by an insect, 
 and deposited on different species of trees, chiefly 
 in the East Indies, — for example, on Croton lac- 
 cif'erum, and two species of Fieus, — Ficus reli- 
 gio'sa, and F. In'dica, The various kinds, dis- 
 tinguished in commerce, are stick-lac, which is 
 the substance iu its natural state, investing the 
 small twigs of the tree ; and seed-lac, which is 
 the same broken off. When melted, it is called 
 shell-lac. 
 
 Lac was, at one time, used in the form of tinc- 
 ture, as a tonic and astringent j and it still forms 
 part of particular dentifrices. 
 
 LACERA'TION, Lacera'tio, Rhege, Rheg'mus, 
 Rhegma, Ruptu'ra, Rupture, from lacerare, 'to 
 tear:' — Dilacera'tio, Sparag'ma, (F.) Arrache- 
 ment, Dechirement, Dilaceration, Broiement, The 
 act of tearing or rending. The breach made by 
 tearing or rending,- as a lacerated wound, Tresis 
 viilnus lacera'tum, Laceratu'ra, Vulnus laeeratum. 
 32 
 
 LACERATURA, see Laceration. 
 LACEPi.TA, Lizard — 1. Aquatica, see Ectozoa, 
 LAC ERTICORDIS, Column03 carnese — I. 
 Musculorum, see Muscular fibre. 
 
 LACERTULI CORDIS, Columnse carneae. 
 LACERTUS, Braehium, see Muscular fibre. 
 LAC'ERUM. Same etymon as Laceration. 
 Any thing torn, or appearing as if torn. 
 
 Lac"erum Fora'mex Ante'rius, (F.) Tron 
 dechire anterieur. Hiatus spheno-petreux, (Ch.) 
 is an irregular opening, formed by the sphenoid 
 and petrous portion of the temporal bone. This 
 foramen transmits the third, fourth, and sixth 
 pairs of nerves and the first branch of the fifth 
 pair to the eye and its appendages. 
 
 Lacerum Foramen Poste'rius, Foramen ju- 
 gula're, F. lacerum in Basi Gra'nii, (F.) Trou 
 dechire posterieur, Hiatus oecipito-p6treux, (Ch.) 
 is formed by the occipital bone, and the inferior 
 edge of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. 
 Through it, the internal jugular vein, the eighth 
 pair of nerves, and accessory nerve pass out of 
 the cranium. 
 
 LACHESIS PICTA, see Arrow-poison. 
 Lachesis Rhombea'ta, Flammon. A poison- 
 ous serpent common in the lower forests of Peru. 
 LACHRYMA, Tear ; see, also, Vitis vinifera. 
 LACH'RYMAL, Lacryma'lis, from lacryma, 
 'a tear.' Belonging to the tears. This epithet 
 is given to various parts. 
 
 Lachrymal Artery proceeds from the oph- 
 thalmic ; and distributes its principal branches to 
 the lachrymal gland. 
 
 Lachrymal Canal or Duct, Nasal Canal or 
 duct, Cana'lis lacryma'lis, Cancdis or'bita nasa'- 
 lis, Ductus nasa'lis orhitce, Cana'lis sacci lacryma'- 
 lis. Ductus ad Nasum, is formed by the superior 
 maxillary bone, os unguis, and os turbinatura in- 
 ferius ; and is seated in the outer paries of the 
 nasal fossae. It is lined by a prolongation of the 
 mucous membrane of the lachrymal sac; and its 
 inferior orifice is furnished with a valvular dupli- 
 cature. This duct transmits the tears, which have 
 been absorbed at the great angle of the eye by 
 the puncta lacrymalia, into the nasal fossas. 
 
 Lach'rymal Caruncle, see Caruncula lacry- 
 malis. 
 
 Lachrymal Fossa, Fossa seu Fo'vea lacryma'- 
 lis, is a slight depression at the upper part of the 
 orbit, which lodges the lachrymal gland. 
 
 Lachrymal Gland, Glan'dula lacryma'lis sen 
 innomina'ta Gale'ni, is seated in a depression of 
 the frontal bone at the upper, anterior, and outer 
 part of that orbit. It is of about the size of an 
 almond ; and of an oval shape, flattened above 
 and below : — its great diameter being the antero- 
 posterior. It is composed of several small lobules, 
 united by areolar tissue, and separated by it as 
 well as by vessels and nerves which creep in the 
 intervals. This gland has seven or eight excre- 
 tory ducts, which open behind the upper eyelid. 
 Its use is to secrete the tears, and pour them on 
 the globe of the eye by the excretory ducts. 
 
 Lachrymal Groove, (F.) Gouttiere lacrymalc, 
 is the bony channel, which lodges the lachrymal 
 sac. It is seated at the anterior and inner part 
 of the orbit, and is formed by the os unguis and 
 the ascending process of the upper jaw bone. 
 
 Lachrymal Hernia, Lach-ymal Tumour, He)-'- 
 nia Sacci Lacryma'lis, is when the tears enter the 
 puncta, but cannot pass to the nose, and accumu- 
 late. By Anel, this was called Dropsy of the La- 
 chrymal Sac. 
 
 Lachrymal Kerte is the smallest of the thre<s 
 branches formed by the ophthalmic nerve. It is 
 distributed, particularly, to the lachrymal gland 
 and to the upper eyelid. In its course it giTM 
 off a sphcno-maxillary and a malar filament. 
 
LACHRTMATIO 
 
 493 
 
 LACUNA 
 
 Lachbywai, Papilla, see Lachrymal Puncta. 
 LACnRYjiAL Passages,- Via lacryma'les, (F. ) 
 Votes lacri/males. The organs concerned, in the 
 secretion of tears, in spreading them over the 
 eye, and taking them up again to transmit them 
 into the nasal fossae. The lachrymal passages 
 are composed of the lachrymal gland, caruncle, 
 jannc.ta, ducts, lachrymal sac, and nasal duct. 
 
 Lachrymal Puncta, Puncta Lacrymu'lia, Spi- 
 ram'ina Palpehra'rxim, (F.) Points lacrymaux, 
 are two small, round, and contractile openings, 
 situate in the centre of a tubercle or papilla, Pa- 
 , pilla lacryma'lis, Tuber'cidum lacryma'le, ahout 
 a line and a half distant from the inner commis- 
 sure of the eyelids, and continuous with the la- 
 chrymal dxtcts. These ducts, Lacryma'les Cana- 
 lic'uli, Cana'les seu Ductals lacryma'les, Ductus 
 lacrymales latera'les, D. jyuncto'riim la cry ma' limn, 
 Cor'nua lacryma'lia seu lima' cum, Collic"impnmc- 
 to'rnm lacryma'lium, Canalic'idi lima'cum, Cor- 
 nua Lima'cum, (F.) Conduits lacrymaux, are two 
 in number — a sujyerior and an inferior — which 
 extend from the puncta to the lachrymal sac. 
 They seem formed by a very delicate prolonga- 
 tion of the conjunctiva, which is contir.uous with 
 the mucous membrane of the lachrymal sac, (F.) 
 Jieservoir dcs lannes : — the Saecus seu Sinus seu 
 Lacus lacryma'lis, Dacryocys'tis, In/undib'ulum 
 lacryma'le, Saecus lacryma'lis. 
 
 Lachrymal Tubercle, see Lachrymal puncta. 
 Lachryaial Veins accompany the artery of 
 the same name, and open into the ophthalmic and 
 palpebral veins. 
 
 LACHRYMA'TIO, Epiphora. Also, a profuse 
 secretion of tears from any cause : — weeping, 
 Fletxis, Plora'tio, Plora'tiis. 
 
 L ACINIC TUBARUM FALLOPII,see Tube, 
 Fallopian. 
 
 LACIS, Plexus. 
 
 LACMUS TINCTORIUS, Lichen roccella. 
 LACONICUM, Vaporarium, see Stove. 
 LAOQ, Laqueus. 
 LA GRIM A, Tear. 
 LACRUMA, Tear. 
 LACRYMA, Tear. 
 LACTANS, Nurse. 
 
 LACTA'TION, Lacta'tio, Thela'sis, Thelas'mus, 
 Irom lacteo, {lac, ' milk,) ' I suckle,' ' I give milk.' 
 Suclding : — the cfivinij of suck, (F.) Allaitement. 
 The French make four varieties of lactation. 
 1. Allaitement rnaternel ■ — Maternal Lactation, 
 when the mother suckles the child. 2. A. Stranger 
 fitereenaire, — when another suckles it. 3. A. ar- 
 tificiel, when the child is brought up by hand. 
 4. A. animal, when the child is suckled by an 
 animal. 
 
 LACTEALS, Chyliferous vessels. 
 LACTENS, Sucking child. 
 LAOTKS, Mesentery, Pancreas. 
 LAOTEUS, Lactic. 
 
 LACTIC, Lac' tens, Galac'ticus, Galac'tinus, 
 Milky, from lac, ' milk.' Appertaining to milk. 
 
 Lactic Acid, Ac"idum Lac'teum, Acid of milk, 
 Acidum Lactis, (F.) Acide J^actique. This has 
 been recommended as a therapeutical agent in 
 atonic dyspepsia, owing to its being presumed to 
 be one of the gastric acids secreted in health. It 
 is given cither in the form of lemonade or of 
 lozenges. The acid is obtained either from milk 
 or from the juice of the red beet. 
 LACTICA, Typhoid. 
 LACTICANS, Nurse. 
 LACTICINIA, Parotid. 
 LACTIFERE. Lactiferous. 
 LACTIF'EROUS, Galactoph'orom, Lac'tifcr, 
 (F.) Lartifirc, from lac, ' milk,' and/cro, 'I carry.' 
 Milk-conveying. 
 
 LAcnFEROos Vessels, Lactiferous Ducts, Tub'- 
 vl,i lactiftri vel Ductus laciifcri seu lac' tea, (F.) 
 
 Vaisseaux on conduits lactiferes, are the escra- 
 tory ducts of the mammary gland. 
 
 Lactiferous or Lacteal Swelling. A tu- 
 mefaction of the breast, supposed by Sir Astlcy 
 Cooper to arise from a large collection of milk in 
 one of the lactiferous tubes, the result of chronic 
 inflammation of the tube near the nipple, with 
 closure of its aperture, and obliteration of the 
 canal for an inch or more. The tube requires to 
 be punctured. 
 
 LACTIF'UGA, Lac'tifvge, from lac, 'milk,' 
 and fugo, ' I drive away.' Medicines which dis- 
 pel milk. 
 
 LACTIGO, Porrigo larvalis. 
 LACTINE, Sugar of milk. 
 LACTIN'IA, from lac, 'milk.' Food prepared 
 with milk. 
 
 LACTIPOTOR, Galactopotes. 
 LACTIS CONCRETIONES, Infarctus Mam- 
 msB lacteus. 
 
 LACTIS REDUNDANTIA, Galactia — 1. Ee- 
 tentio, Galactischesis — 1. Sanguinolenti Excretio, 
 Galnctohffimia. ' 
 
 LACTISUGIUM, Antlia lactea. 
 LACTIVORUS. Galactophagous. 
 LACTOMETER, Galactometer. 
 LACTU'CA, from lac, 'milk;' so called, from 
 its milky juice. Lactuca. Sati'va, Lettuce, Garden 
 Lettuce, Eunu'chivm Meco'nis, Thridax, Cherhas, 
 (F.) Laitne ordinaire, is used as a wholesome 
 salad. The seeds possess a quantity of oil, which, 
 when formed into an emulsion, has been advised 
 in ardor urinaj, &c. 
 
 The inspissated juice, ZaefMca'm/rn, Thrid'ace, 
 resembles, in odour and appearance, that of opium, 
 and is, like it, narcotic, but uncertain. Dose, gr. 
 j to X and more. 
 
 Lactuca Elongata, see L. virosa — 1. Graveo- 
 lens, L. virosa — 1. Floridana, Mulgedium Flori- 
 danum. 
 
 Lactuca Scahi'ola, i. Sylves'tris, Scariola, 
 (F.) Laitue Scariole, L. Sanvage, possesses a 
 stronger degree of bitterness than L. sativa. It 
 has similar virtues with Z. virosa. 
 
 Lactuca Sylvestris, L. scariola — 1. Villosa, 
 Mulgedium acuminatum. 
 
 Lactuca ViRo'sA, L.graveolens, Strong-scented 
 Lettuce, (F.) Laitue vi reuse. The odour of thia 
 plant, the leaves of which are used in medicine, 
 is strongly narcotic, and the taste bitter. They 
 are narcotic, diuretic, and aperient; and have 
 been used in dropsies. Lacfu'ca elonga'ta, Wild 
 Lettuce of the United States, has been employed 
 for L. virosa. 
 
 LACTUCIMEN, Aphtha. 
 LACTUCIMINA, Aphtha?. 
 LACTUMEN, Porrigo larvalis. 
 LACTUMINA, Aphthoc. 
 
 LACU'NA, Canalic'ulus, from lacus, 'a lake 
 or deep ditch. A Fossa or Ditch. A small cavity 
 in a mucous membrane, the parietes of which se- 
 crete a viscid humour. It is used synonymously 
 with crypt. 
 
 Lacuna, Crypto, Fontanella — 1. Cerebri, In- 
 fundibulum of the brain. Pituitary gland. 
 
 Lacuna seu Sulcus seu Sul'culus Labti Stt- 
 VEnionm, Amab'ile, Amato'rium, Philtrum, Phile'- 
 trum. The hollow of the upper lip under the nose. 
 Lacuna Magna, see Urethra. 
 LACUNyE, see Urethra. 
 
 Lacun-I", of Bone. Certain dark stellate spots 
 with thread-like lines radiating from them, seen 
 under a high magnifying power. These were at 
 first believed to be solid osseous or bone corpuscles, 
 Corpus' cul a os'sium — Corpuscles of Purhinje ; 
 but are now regarded as excavations in the bone 
 — Sac'ouli chalicnph'ori — with minute tubes or 
 cnnaliculi proceeding from them, and commnni- 
 cating with the Haversian canals. The lacuuss 
 
LACUNAR 
 
 499 
 
 LAMINA 
 
 and earialicxili are fibres concerned in the transit 
 of nutrient fluid through the osseous tissue. 
 
 LiCUNvE Gwaafia'NjE, L.mueo'ncB vxdvcB. The 
 mucous follicles of the vagina. 
 
 Lacuna Mocosj5 Vulv^, L. Graafian^ — 1. 
 Palpebrarum, Meibomius, glands of. 
 
 LACU'NAR, La'qnear, ' an arched roof.' The 
 roof of a chamber. Hence, 
 
 Lacu'nar Or'bit^. The roof of the orbit. 
 Lacunar Ventriculi Quarti Superior, Val- 
 vula Vieussenii. 
 
 LACUNE JDE LA LANGUE, Cacum fora- 
 men. 
 
 LACUS LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal sac. 
 Lacus Lacryma'rum. a small space in the 
 inner angle of the eye between the lids, towards 
 which the tears flow, and at which the triangular 
 canal formed between the closed lids terminates. 
 LADA, Piper nigrum. 
 LADANUM, see Cistus creticus. 
 LAD EN DO, Influenza. 
 LADIES MANTLE, Alchemilla.. 
 LADIES' SLIPPER, SHOWY, Cypripcdium 
 speotabile — 1. Slipper, stemless, Cypripedium 
 acaule — 1. Slipper, yellow, Cypripedium luteum. 
 LADIES' SMOCK, Cardamine pratensis. 
 LADRERIE (F.) from ladre, 'a leper.' (F.) 
 Leproserie, Jlhdadrerie. A vulgar name for 
 elephantiasis, or lepra. Also, an hospital for the 
 reception of the leprous, Leprosa'rium, Domus 
 leprosa' ria, Leper hospital. 
 
 LADYBIRD, Coceinella septempunctata. 
 LADYBU6, Coceinella septempunctata. 
 LADYCOW, Coceinella septempunctata. 
 LADY CRESPIGNY'S PILLS, see Pilulee 
 Aloes et Kinte Kinse. 
 
 Lady Hesketh's Pills, see Pilulae Aloes et 
 Kinos Kinse. 
 
 Lady Webster's Pills, see Pilulae Aloes et 
 Kinse Kinte. 
 
 L^MO PARALYSIS, GEsophagoplegia, 
 L^MOS, Pharynx. 
 
 L ^ M S C I R ' R H U S , Cancer plaryn'gis et 
 (egojiTi'acjt, Lcsmosteno'sis seu Dyspha'gia scirrho'- 
 sn ; from Xuifjof, 'the pharynx or oesophagus.' 
 Cancer of the phai-ynx or oesophagus. 
 
 L^MOSTENOSIS, Dysphagia constricta — 
 1. Scirrhosa, Lfemoscirrhus. 
 L^SIO, Lesion. 
 
 L^TIFICAN'TIA, from Imfijleo (leEfns, and 
 facia), ' I make glad.' Medicines formerly used 
 as cordials, in depression of spirits, &c. 
 LiEVIGATIO, Levigation. 
 L^VITAS INTESTINORUM, Lientery. 
 LAGENTOMUM, Harelip. 
 LAGNEA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm. 
 LAGNEIA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm. 
 LAGNESI3, Faror Femininus, Nymphoma- 
 nia — 1. Furor masculiaus, Satyriasis — 1. Salaci- 
 tas, Satyriasis. 
 
 LAGNEUMA, Coition, Sperm. 
 LAGNIA, Satyriasis. 
 LA6N0SIS, Satyriasis. 
 LAGOCHEILUS, Harelip. 
 LAG0NE3, F anks. 
 LAGONOPONOS, Pleurodynia. 
 LAGONTOMUM, Harelip. 
 LAGOPHTIIAL'MIA, from \ayos, 'a hare,' 
 and o(pS^a\ixo';, 'an eye.' Lac/ophthal'mus, Hare's 
 Eye; Lepori'nus Oc'iilns, (F.) (Eil de Lienre. A 
 vicious arrangement of the upper ej'elid, >vhich 
 is so retracted that it cannot cover the globe of 
 the eye during sleep. It has been asserted that 
 this con'Mtion of the eye is natural in the hare 
 when asleep. 
 
 LAGOPHTHALMUS, Lagophthalmia, Geum 
 nrbanuvn. 
 
 LAGOSTOMA. Harelip. 
 
 LATCIIE, Sarsaparilla Germanica — I. des Sa- 
 hies, Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
 
 LAIT, Milk — I. Aduucissan',, Jjooch. ex ovo — 
 I. d'Anesse, Milk, asses' — I. d' Amandes, Emulsio 
 amygdalfe — I. d'Asafoctida, Mistura asafcetidfe 
 — I. de Beitrre, Buttermilk — I. de Brchis, Milk, 
 ewes' — I. CailU, Curds — I. de Chevre, Milt, 
 goats' — I. Epanclie, L. repandii — I. de Fcmme, 
 Milk, human — I. de Jumeiit, Milk, mares' — I. de 
 Poule, see Ovum. 
 
 LAIT REPANDU, (F.) Lait ^j)ancl>e. A po- 
 pular expression in France, under which is com- 
 prehended every kind of disease (and particularly 
 vague pains) occurring after delivery ; all being 
 ascribed to diffusion or deposition of milk. 
 
 LAIT DE VACIIE, Milk of the cow— L Vir- 
 ginal, Virgin's milk. 
 
 LAITERON DOUX, Sonchus oleraceus. 
 LAITIAT, (F.) Sour whey, in which different 
 wild fruits have been macerated. Said to be much 
 used in the Jura as a refreshing drink. 
 
 LAITUE ORDINAIRE, Lettuce—?. Sauvage, 
 Lactuca scariola — I. IScariole, Lactuca scariola 
 — I. Vireune, Lactuca virosa. 
 
 LAKEWEED, Polygonum hydropiper. 
 LALIA, Voice, articulated. 
 LALLA'TION, Lalla'tio, Lamhdacis'nnia, 
 Lahdacis'mns, Lxd'lahy speech. Sauvages uses 
 this term for a vicious pronunciation, in which 
 the letter L is improperly doubled, or softened, 
 or substituted for R. 
 
 LAMAC, Acacia; gummi. 
 LAMBDACISMU'S, Lallation. 
 LAMBDOID, Lamhdoid'al, Lamddi'des, Lamb- 
 do'des, Lamhduidetis, from the Greek letter A, 
 \aiiPSa, a,m\ aios, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Ana- 
 tomists have given the name Lasibdoidal Suture, 
 Sntu'ra Lamhdoida'lis seu lamhddides seu lamlh- 
 doidea, S. Prorcp., to the suture, formed by the 
 parietal bones and the occipital, because it re- 
 sembles the letter A, lambda, of the Greeks. II 
 is the Ocdpito-parietal suture — Suture occipitale, 
 (Ch.) In this suture, the ossa Wormiana are 
 most frequently met with ; and the dentieulations , 
 are most distinctly marked. 
 LAMBEAU. Flap. 
 LAMBITIVUM, Eclectos. 
 LAMBKILL, Kalmia latifolia. 
 LA31E, Lamina — I. Conice, Taenia semicircu- 
 laris — I. RuyKchienne, Ruyschiana tunica. 
 LAMELLA, Lamina. 
 
 LAMEL'LAR, Lamello'sus, Lam'innted, (F.) 
 Lamellenx, Lnmiveiix, composed of thin laminie 
 or leaves — as the Lamellar or laminated tissue; 
 I. e. the areolar tissue. 
 
 LAj\!ELLEUX, Lamellar. 
 LAMENESS, Claudication. 
 LAM'INA, Lamel'la, (F.) Lame. A thin, flat 
 part of a bone; a plate or table, as the cribriform 
 lamina or plate of the ethmoid bone. Lamina 
 and Lamella are generally used synonymously ; 
 although the latter is properly a diminutive of 
 the former. 
 
 Lam'ina Ciner'ea. a thin layer of gray sub- 
 stance, which forms the anterior part of the infe- 
 rior boundary of the third ventricle of the brain. 
 Laji'tna Cor'nea, Tm'nia Tari'ni. A yellow- 
 ish band or a thickening of the lining membrane 
 of the ventricle, by which the vena corpona 
 striati is overlaid in the lateral ventricle of the 
 brain. 
 
 LA>rixA Cribrosa, Cribriform lamella. 
 Lamina Cribrosa Ossts Ethmoihet, see Ori- 
 hJS — l. Medullnris triangularis cerebri, Lyra. 
 
 Lamina pERiTONyEi Externa. The outer Ja- 
 mina or fold of the peritonaeum. 
 Lamina Prima Cutis, Epidermis. 
 Lamina Spira'lis, Septum scales, Septum cocS'- 
 leeB audito'ria. A partition between th*- scal# 
 
LAMESTARIA 
 
 500 
 
 LAPARO-ENTEEOTOMT 
 
 of the cochlea. The largest part of this next the 
 modiolus is formed of bone. The remainder, or 
 that part next the opposite side of the scalfe, is 
 composed of a cartilaginous membrane, called, by 
 Valsalva, Zona seu Zo'nula Coch'lecB. By some 
 anatomists, the lamina is divided into a Zona 
 oa'sea and Z. mollis. By others, it is considered 
 to consist of four laminae, when examined with a 
 strong glass : a Zona os'sea, next to the modiolus 
 — a Zona coria'cea, on the outer side of this : a 
 Zona vesicula'n's — and a Zona membra na'cea, 
 \7hich is, perhaps, the lining membrane of the 
 cochlea. At the apex of the cochlea, the lamina 
 spiralis terminates by a pointed hook-shaped pro- 
 cess, ham'ulus lam'ina spira'lis. 
 
 LAii'iNiE Dorsa'les, Dorsal lamincB. Two 
 oval masses on each side of the primitive groove 
 of the embryo, which approach so as to form a 
 groove, in which are lodged the future brain and 
 spinal marrow. 
 
 LaminjE SpongioSjE Nasi, Turbinated bones. 
 
 Lam'ina Vextra'les, L. viscera'les. Thick- 
 ened prolongations of the serous layer of the ger- 
 minal membrane, which, by their union, form the 
 anterior wall of the ti-unk of the new being. 
 
 LAMINA'RIA DIGITA'TA, Tangle. One of 
 the AlgtB eaten in Scotland, and hawked about 
 the streets with the Pepper-dulse. 
 
 The leaf of a sea-weed — a species of Lami- 
 naria — is employed in the Himalayas under the 
 name of goitre leaf, so called because chewed by 
 the inhabitants, where goitre prevails. 
 
 LAMINATED, Lamellar. 
 
 LAMINEVX, Lamellar. 
 
 LA'MIUM ALBUM, L. folio' sum, JJrti'ca mor'- 
 t'la, Galeoj^'sis Archangel' iea. Dead Neltle, White 
 Arch' angel Nettle, (F.) Ortieblanche, Ortie morte. 
 Infusions of this plant have been recommended 
 in uterine hemorrhage, and leucorrhcea. It is 
 not used. 
 
 La'mtum Amplexicau'le, Dead Nettle, Henhit; 
 naturalized; flowering from May to October; is 
 regarded as tonic, diaphoretic, and laxative. 
 
 LAjriDir FoLiosuM, L. album — 1. Montanum, 
 Melittis melissophyllum — I. Plinii, Melittis melis- 
 sophvlhim — 1. Rubrum, Galeopsis. 
 
 LAMOTTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 thermal springs are in the department of Isere, 
 France. Temperature, 184°. 
 
 LAMPOURDE, Xanthium. 
 
 LAMPROPHO'NUS, from Aafirpo?, 'clear,' and 
 fixivri, 'voice.' One who has a clear voice. 
 
 LAMPSANA, Lapsana. 
 
 LAMPYRIS, Cicindela. 
 
 LANA PHILOSOPHORUM, Zinei oxydum. 
 
 LANARIA, Saponaria, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 LANCE DE 3IAURICEAU, (F.) An instru- 
 ment invented by Maurieeau for perforating the 
 head of the foetus. A perforator. 
 
 LANCEOLA, Lancet. 
 
 LANCET, Lancc'ola, Lancet'ta, Schaste'rion, 
 Scalpum chirur'gicum, (F.) Lancette, — diminu- 
 tive of laneea, 'a lance.' A surgical instrument, 
 used in the operation of phlebotomy. It is com- 
 posed of two parts, the handle, (P.) Chasee, and 
 the blade, (F.) Lame. The former is made of 
 two small plates of ivory, bone, or shell, move- 
 able 051 the blade for whose preservation they are 
 intended. The blade is formed of well-polished 
 steel. Lancets are made of different shapes ; 
 some being broad -shouldered — others, spear- 
 pointed. The French distinguished three kinds: 
 I. Lancette d grain d'orge, which, on account of 
 the almost oval shape of its point, makes a large 
 opening. 2. The L. d langne de serpent, which 
 13 very narrow towards the point; and, 3. The 
 L a grain d'avoine, which holds a medium sta- 
 
 tion between the two former, and is generally 
 preferred. 
 
 The Abscess Lancet is merely a large lancet fof 
 the purpose of opening abscesses. 
 
 LANCETTA, Lancet. 
 
 LANCETTE, Lancet. 
 
 LANCETTIER, (F.) A lancet-case. 
 
 LANCTNANT, Lancinating. 
 
 LAN'CINATING, Lan'cinans, from lancinare 
 [laneea, ' a lance'), ' to strike or ^thrust through.' 
 (F.) Lancinant, (substantive JElancement.) A 
 species of pain, which consists in lancinations or 
 shootings, similar to those that would be pro- 
 duced by the introduction of a sharp instrument 
 into the suffering part. It is especially in cancer 
 that this kind of pain is felt. 
 
 LAND'S END, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
 of the Land's End, in England, resembles that 
 of the south of Devonshire, but is more relaxing. 
 It is considered to be most likely to prove bene- 
 ficial in consumptive cases, in which the disease 
 is accompanied by an irritated state of the pul- 
 monary mucous membrane, producing a dry 
 cough. Where the system is relaxed, and the 
 secretion from the lungs considerable, the climate, 
 it is conceived, will generally prove injurious. 
 As a brumal retreat, the southern coast of De- 
 vonshire would seem to be preferable to it. 
 
 LANGEAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Aci- 
 dulous, mineral waters at Langeac, in the de- 
 partment of Haute-Loire, France. They are em- 
 plo3'ed as refrigerant, aperient, and diuretic. 
 They contain carbonic acid, carbonates of soda 
 and magnesia, and a little iron. 
 
 LAN'GII AQUA EPILEP'TICA, EpilepHic 
 Water of Langius, formerly employed against 
 epilepsy. It was composed of the flowers of con- 
 vallaria and lavender, Spanish tcine, cinnainonf 
 nutmeg, mistletoe, peony and dittany roots, long 
 pepper, ciibebs, and rosemary floicers. 
 
 LANGUE, Tongue — I. Abuisseur de la, Glos- 
 socatochus — I. de Carpe, see Lever — I. de Cerf, 
 Asplenium seolopendrium — I. de Chien, Cj-no- 
 glossum — I. de Serpent, Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
 
 LANGUE UR, Languor. 
 
 LANGUOR, Aph' esis,Fainfness, (F.) Lavguenr. 
 A species of atony, depression, or debility, which 
 generally comes on slowly. 
 
 LANTA'NA, Sage Tree, Blueberry, (F.) Cail- 
 leau. The leaves of this indigenous plant form 
 a fine-scented tea, like L. Camara or Bahama 
 Tea, and L. Pseudothe'a or Brazil Tea. The tea 
 is iised as a diaphoretic. 
 
 LANU'GO, Pili cutis, Pluma, from lana, ' wool.' 
 The soft, fine hair on different parts of the body, 
 especially of the young. 
 
 Lanugo Prima, Geneias — 1. Pudendorura, 
 Puhes — 1. Siliqufe hirsute, see Dolichos pruriens. 
 
 LANUVIUM, Vulva. 
 
 LAONI'CA CURA'TIO seu CURA. A mode 
 of treating the gout, which consisted in the em- 
 ployment of local applications, proper for evacii- 
 ating the morbific matter.(?) 
 
 LAOS, Tin. 
 
 LAPACTICUS, Cathartic, Laxative. 
 
 LAPARA, Abdomen, Flanks, Lumbi. 
 
 LAPAROCE'LE, from \avapa, 'the lumbar 
 region,' and kj/Aj;, 'rupture.' Lumbar Hernia, 
 through a separation of the fibres of the quadra- 
 tus lumborum, and a protrusion of the aponeu- 
 rosis of the transverse muscle on the outside of 
 the mass common to the sacro-lumbalis and lon- 
 gissimus dorsi. — Cloquet. 
 
 LAPAROCYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
 
 LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA, Cresarean Sec- 
 tion. 
 
 LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMY, La2i'aro-entero. 
 
LAPAK03COPIA. 
 
 501 
 
 LARYNGEAL 
 
 tom'ln, from Xan-apot, 'the lumbar region,' the 
 'abdomen/ evrepov, 'intestine,' and ro^i?, 'inci- 
 sion.' The operation of opening the abdomen 
 and intestinal canal, for the removal of disease. 
 
 LAPAROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia. 
 
 LAPAROTOMY, see Gastrotomy. 
 
 LAPATIIOS, Rumex acutus — 1. Aquatieum, 
 Humes hydrolapathum — 1. Chinense, Rheum — 
 1. Orientale, Rheum — 1. Sanguineum, Rumex 
 sanguineus — 1. Unctuosum, Chenopodium bonus 
 Heuricus. 
 
 LAPATHUM, Rumex acutus— 1. Acutum, Ru- 
 mex acutus — -1. Hortense, Rumex patientia — 1. 
 Pratense, Rumex acetosa — 1. Scutatum, Rumex 
 scutatus — 1. Sylvestre, Rumex acutus, R. obtu- 
 sifulius. 
 
 LAPE, Mucus. 
 
 LAPIDIL'LUM, irom lapis, 'a stone.' Blasius 
 has given this name to a kind of scoop, used for 
 extracting stone from the bladder. 
 
 LAPILLATIO, Lithia. 
 
 LAPILLI GLANDULE PINEALIS, see Pi- 
 neal gland. 
 
 LAPIL'LUS, diminutive o? lapis, 'a stone.' A 
 email stone; gravel; a grain of sand. 
 
 LAPIS, Calculus — 1. Accipitrum, Hieracites 
 ■ — 1. Aerosus, Calamina — 1. Ammoniaci, see Am- 
 moniac gum — 1. Animalis, Blood — 1. Armenius, 
 Melochites — 1. Aureus, Urine — 1. Bezoardicus, 
 Bezoar — 1. Ceeruleus, Cupri sulphas — 1. Calami- 
 naris, Calamina — 1. Carneolus, Cornelian — 1. 
 Causticus, Potassa cum calce, Potassa fusa — 1. 
 Collj'mus, iEtites — 1. Contrayervse, Pulvis con- 
 traj'ervae compositus — 1. Cyanus, L. lazuli. 
 
 Lapis Divi'nus, L. Ophthal' miens seu Opihthal'- 
 rnicus Sti. Ivesii. [Cupri suljjhat., Alumin., Po- 
 tass, yiitrat. aa gj- Melt together, adding at the 
 end Camphor, ^js.) Employed to make an eye- 
 water, 5'j ^-d. aqucB ^iv. 
 
 Lapis Fulmineus, Ceraunion — 1. Hematites, 
 Hsematites — 1. Heracleus, Magnet— 1. Infernalis, 
 Argenti nitras — 1. Infernalis alkalinus, Potassa 
 fusa — 1. Infernalis sive septicus, Potassa cum 
 calee — 1. Judaicus, Judseus (lapis). 
 
 Lapis Lazu'li, Lapis Cy'anus, Asulci, Laz'u- 
 lite, (F.) Pierre d'azur, Outremer. A stone, of a 
 beautiful blue colour; opake ; and close-grained; 
 fracture, dull. It is composed of silex ; alumine; 
 carbonate and sulphate of lime; oxide of iron, 
 and water. It was formerly looked upon as a 
 purgative and emetic, and given in epilepsy. 
 
 Lapis Malucensis, Bezoard of the Indian 
 porcupine — 1. Nauticus, Magnet — 1. Ophthalmi- 
 cus, L. Divinus — 1. Ophthalmicus St. Ivesii, L. 
 Divinus — 1. Phoenicites, Judaeus (lapis) — 1. Por- 
 cinus, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine — 1. Pru- 
 nella3, Potass» nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo 
 mixtus — 1. Sardius, Cornelian — 1. Septicus, 
 Causticum commune, Potassa fusa — 1. Specula- 
 ris, S. lucid um — 1. Syderitis, Magnet — 1. Syri- 
 a.cus, Judaeus (lapis) — I. Vini, PotassEe supertar- 
 tras impurus. 
 
 LAPPA, Arctium lappa, Galium aparine, Lip- 
 pitudo — 1. Minor, Xanthium. 
 
 LAPPULA HEPATICA, Agrimony. 
 
 LAP'SANA, Lampsa'na, Na'pium, Papilla'- 
 ••!« herba, Bock-cresses, Nipple-Wort, (F.) Lamp- 
 sane, Herhe aux ilamelles. This plant is a lac- 
 tescent bitter. It has been chiefly employed, 
 however, as an external application to sore nip- 
 ples, &,<•. 
 
 LAPSUS PILORUM, Alopecia. 
 
 LAQ, Laqueus. 
 
 LAQVE, Lacca. 
 
 LAQUEAR, Lacunar. 
 
 La'qubar Vagi'NjE, Fundtia Vagina. The 
 
 part of the vagina in which the cervix uteri ter- 
 minates. 
 
 LA'QUEUS, Funis. A cord, ligature or ban- 
 dage, with running knots; — a Noose, a loop, A 
 fillet, Broclios, Pach'etos, (F. ) Laq ou Laeq. 
 The term is applied to a bandage or fillet of any 
 kind, attached by means of a loop upon any 
 part, with the view of fixing it ; as in certain 
 cases of labour, where a hand or foot presents ; 
 or to facilitate extension in luxations and frac- 
 tures. 
 
 Also : — A prominent band in the brain, behind 
 the brachium posterius of the corpora quadrige- 
 mina, which marks, the course of the superior 
 division of the fasciculus olivaris. 
 
 Laqueus Gut'turis, 'Noose of the throat.' 
 Violent inflammation of the tonsils, in which the 
 patient appears as if suffocated by a noose. Ac- 
 cording to some, gangrenous cynauche. 
 LARCH, Pinus larix. 
 LARD, Adeps. 
 LARDACE, Lardaceous. 
 
 LARDA'CEOUS, Larda'eeus, Lar'deus, Lard'- 
 iform, Lardifor'mis, (F.) Lardace ; from lardum, 
 'lard,' the fat of bacon. An epithet given to 
 certain organic alterations in the textures, whose 
 aspect and consistence resemble lard. (F.) Tissue 
 lardaces. 
 LARDEUS, Lardaceous. 
 LARDIFORM, Lardaceous. 
 LARGE, Broad. 
 
 LAPvIX, Pinus larix — 1. Communis, Pinus 
 larix — 1. Decidua, Pinus larix — 1. Europaea, Pi- 
 nus larix — 1. Pyramidalis, Pinus larix. 
 
 LARKSPUR, BRANCHING, Delphinium 
 consolida. 
 
 LARME, Tear. 
 LAR3I0TEMENT, Epiphora. 
 LA-ROCHE POSAY, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Simple sulphurous waters in the depart- 
 ment of Vienne, France. 
 
 LARVA, Mask. Also the larve, rfruh, or ver- 
 miform condition of an insect : the first change 
 it experiences after leaving the ovum. Larves 
 of insects are occasionally developed in the in- 
 testinal canal from ova swallowed. See Ectozoa. 
 LAB YNGE, Laryngeal. 
 
 LARYNGE'AL, Larynge'vs, (F.) Laryvge, 
 Laryngien. Same etymon as Larynx. That 
 which belongs to the larj'nx. 
 
 Laryngeal Arteries are given off from the 
 thyroid arteries. 
 
 Laryngeal Nerves, (F.) Nerfs Larynges, 
 are two in number ; — a superior and an inferior. 
 The superior laryngeal nerve is given off from 
 the trunk of the pneumogastric, at the upper 
 and deep part of the neck. It passes downwards 
 and inwards, behind the internal carotid artery, 
 and divides into two secondary branches ; the 
 one, external, which distributes it^ filaments, on 
 the outside of the larynx, to the sterno-thyroid, 
 hyo-thyroid, constrictor inferior, crieo-thyroid 
 muscles, &,c. The other, the inlernal, which 
 crosses the thyro-hyoid membrane, and gives 
 filaments to the epiglottis, the mucous mem- 
 branes of the pharynx and larynx, to the aryte- 
 noid gland, the arytenoid and crico-thyroid mus- 
 cles, and ultimately anastomoses with the inferior 
 laryngeal nerve. The inferior laryngeal nerves 
 or recur'rents, Nervi reversi'vi, Rameaux Tra- 
 cheaux (Chaus.,) arise from the trunk of the 
 pneumogastric within the thorax. They ascend 
 in the furrow, which separates the trachea from 
 the oesophagus, to be distributed on the neck, 
 after having been reflected ; — the left around tho 
 arch of the aorta; the right, around the corre- 
 sponding subclavian. They send off filaments 
 to the cardiac plexuses; to the parietes of the 
 
LARYNGECHE 
 
 502 
 
 LASER 
 
 (esophagus, and trachea; to the thyroid gland: 
 lo the inferior constrictor of the pharj'nx ; the 
 posterior and lateral crico-arytenoid and thyro- 
 arytenoid muscles ; and to the mucous membrane 
 of the pharynx and larynx. 
 
 Laryngeal Phthisis, Phthisis, laryngeal — 1. 
 Sound, Laryngeche. 
 
 Laryngeal Veins open into the internal jugu- 
 lar. Winslow gives the name laryngeal to the 
 Bujyerior thyroid artery. 
 
 Laryngeal Voice, see Voice. 
 LARYNGE'CHE, from Aapuyl, 'the larynx,' 
 aaA rixv ov nx°^' 'sound.' The laryngeal sound 
 heard by the stethoscope duj'ing breathing and 
 speaking. 
 
 LAR YNGIEN, Laryngeal. 
 LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS, Asthma thy- 
 micum. 
 
 LARYNGITE, Laryngitis— ?. il/jfguewse, La- 
 ryngitis (simple) — I. CEdematense, Oedema of the 
 glottis — I. CEdematense et sero-pundente, QSdema 
 of the glottis — I. avec Production de Fausses 
 membranes, Cynanche trachealis — I. Pseudo-mem- 
 braneuse, Cynanche trachealis — I. avec Secretion 
 de Pus, Phthisis laryngea — I. Sus-glottiqtie, 
 (Edema of the glottis — I. Striditleuse, Asthma 
 thymicum — I. Sous-muqueuse, (Edema of the 
 glottis. 
 
 LARYNGI'TIS, from Larynx, and itis, a suffix 
 denoting inflammation ; Infiamma'tio Laryn'gis, 
 Cynanche larynge'a, Angi'na laryngea, (F.) La- 
 ryngite, Catarrhe laryngien, Angine laryngS, In- 
 flammation of the Larynx. This disease, in some 
 measure, resembles croup ; but is usually devoid 
 of that peculiar sonorous inspiration, which at- 
 tends the latter. There is, also, pain upon press- 
 ing the larynx; and, whilst laryngitis is a disease 
 of more advanced life, croup attacks children. 
 The membraniform exudation is, also, absent; 
 proV/ably, because the inflammation, being seated 
 above the glottis, the coagulable lymph is readily 
 expectorated. Lt requires the most active treat- 
 ment. 
 
 Simple Laryngitis is called by some mticous 
 Laryngitis, laryngitis acu'ta, L. tnuco'sa. acuta, 
 (F.) Laryngite muqueuse, to distinguish it from 
 submucous Laryngitis or (Edema of the glottis. 
 
 Chronic Laryngitis is generally regarded as 
 synonymous with laryngeal phthisis ; but it may 
 exist independently. 
 
 Laryngitis Acuta, Laryngitis — 1. Chronic, 
 «ee Phthisis Laryngea — 1. Mucosa acuta. Laryn- 
 gitis — 1. Mucous, Laryngitis (simple) — 1. (Ede- 
 matous, (Edema of the glottis — 1. Seropurulenta, 
 (Edema of the glottis — 1. Submucous, (Edema of 
 the glottis — 1. et Tracheitis chronica, see Phthisis 
 laryngea — 1. et Tracheitis infantilis, Cynanche 
 trachealis. 
 
 LARYNGOCACE, Cynanche trachealis. 
 LARYNGO-CATAR'RHUS, Catarrhns Laryn- 
 gens et trachea'lis. Catarrh affecting the larynx 
 and trachea more especially, as indicated by al- 
 teration of the voice — hoarseness — itching and 
 sensation of burning in those parts ; short cough 
 and expectoration, &c. 
 
 LARYKGO-ET-TRACHEO-PHTHISIS, 
 Phthisis laryngea. 
 
 LARYNGOG'RAPHY, Laryngogra'phia; from 
 Aapy?, 'the larynx,' and ypfxprj, 'a description.' 
 An anatomical description of the larynx. 
 
 LARYNGOL'OGY, from \apvy^, 'the larynx,' 
 ana floyo?, ' treatise.' A treatise on the larynx. 
 LARYNGO PARALYSIS, see Aphonia. 
 LARYNGOPH'ONY, Tracheoph'ony, Laryn- 
 ge'al voice, Tracheal voice; from Larynx, and 
 pu)vn, 'voice.' The sound heard in health, when 
 the stethoscope is placed over the larynx or tra- 
 
 chea, at the time a person speaks. The voice 
 appears to pass immediatelj' up to the ear of the 
 auscultator. A similar physical sign exists when 
 there is a cavity in the lungs, and the instrument 
 is placed over it whilst the patient speaks. See 
 Pectoriloquy. 
 
 LARYNGOPHTHISIS, Phthisis laryngea. 
 
 LARYNGOSPASMUS, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 LARYNGOSTASIS, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 LARYNGOSTENO'SIS; from )^apvy^, ' the la- 
 rynx,' and oTtvuiaig, 'contraction.' Contraction 
 or narrowness of the larynx. 
 
 LARYNGOT'OMY, Laryngotnm'ia, from Xa- 
 pvy^, 'the larynx,' and Ttjivnv, 'to cut.' A sur- 
 gical operation, which consists in opening th© 
 larynx, either to extract a foreign body, or to 
 remedy an obstruction of the glottis. The ope- 
 ration is, sometimes, erroneously called Bronclio- 
 tomy, and Tracheotomy. 
 
 LARYNGO-TRACHEITIS, Cynanche tra^ 
 chealis — 1. Tracheitis with Diphtheritic exuda- 
 tion, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 LAR'YNX, Xapvyl, ('a whistle.') Caput sen 
 Oper'culum seu Init"iiim seu Finis supe'rior seu 
 Ter'mijuts superior SQU Pars prima as'pera. arte'- 
 riat. The apparatus of voice is situate at tho 
 superior and anterior part of the neck; and at 
 the top of the trachea, with which it communi- 
 cates. It is composed of four cartilages, — the 
 thyroid, cricoid, and two arytenoid ; is moved 
 by a number of muscles, and lined by a mucous 
 membrane, having certain membranous reflec- 
 tions, constituting the su^ierior ligaments of the 
 glottis, &c. 
 
 Parts composing the Larynx. 
 
 Thyroid. 
 
 Cricoid. 
 
 Two arytenoid. 
 
 Epiglottis. 
 ' Sterno-thj'roid. 
 
 Constrictors of the 
 pharynx. 
 
 All the muscles of 
 
 the hyoid region. 
 ' Crico-thyroid. 
 
 Crico-arytenoid, pos- 
 terior. 
 
 Cryco-arytenoid, la,- 
 teral. 
 
 Thyro-arytenoid. 
 
 Arytenoid. 
 
 1. Cartilages 
 
 2. Ifuscles. ■ 
 
 Extrinsic, ■ 
 
 Intrinsic, 
 
 3. AIucous 3Iembrane. 
 
 C Epiglottic. 
 
 4. Glands \ Arytenoid. 
 
 [ Thyroid, 
 r nr 7 f Thyro-hyoid. 
 
 5. Ilembranes | Crico-thyroid. 
 
 f Crico-arj'tenoid. 
 I Thyro-arytcnoid- 
 
 6. Ligaments . 
 
 The vessels and nerves of the larj-nx are called 
 Laryngeal. 
 
 The larynx is destined to give passage to the 
 air, in the act of respiration, and to impress upon 
 it certain modifications, which constitute voice. 
 Its dimensions vary in different individuals. In 
 men, it is always larger, and situate lower, than 
 in women. 
 
 Larynx, Pellicular or Plastic Inflamma- 
 tion OP THE, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 LAS'ANUM, Sella familiar'ica, (F.) Chaie« 
 perrec. A close stool. 
 
 LASCIVIA, Satyriasis. 
 
 LASCIVITAS, Satyrinsis. 
 
 LASCIVUS, Libidinous. 
 
 LASER, La serpitium — I. d Largea feuillet, 
 Laserpitium latifolium. 
 
LASERPITIUM 
 
 503 
 
 LAURUS 
 
 LASERPIT"IUM, Laser, Sll'pMum, o-og aX- 
 ^ibv. A term applied, anciently, both to a plant 
 and its juice, regarding the nature of neither of 
 which we possess any precise information. Bent- 
 ley, Laurence, Geoifroi, &c., regard it to have been 
 the same as asafostida : — Theophrastus, Diosco- 
 rides, and the ancient scholiast of Aristophanes, 
 however, by assigning a sweet and agreeable fla- 
 vour to the laserpitium, discountenance the idea. 
 From whatever plant obtained, it was so rare, 
 and consequently so costly/ that the Romans de- 
 posited it in the public treasury. It was obtained 
 from Gyrene — Succus Cyrena'icus — and likewise 
 from Persia — the latter being the most valuable. 
 The Laserpitium is called by Avicenna, AltiMt. 
 
 Laserpitium Asperijm, L. latifolium. 
 
 Laserpitium Latifo'lium, L. as'perum, Gen- 
 tia'na alba, White Gentian, Cerva'ria alba; (F.) 
 Laser a larges feuilles. The root of this plant is 
 bitter and tonic. 
 
 Laserpitium Montanum, L. siler. 
 
 Laserpitium Siler, L. trifolia'tum seu mon- 
 ta'num, Ses'eli, Siler monta'inim seu land fo' Hum, 
 Heart-iBort, Sermountain. The seeds and roots 
 are possessed of aromatic properties. 
 
 Laserpitium Trifoliatum, L. siler. 
 
 LASSITUDE OCULAIRE, Copyopia. 
 
 LASSITUDO, Copos. 
 
 LATENS IN ORE, Pterygoideus internus. 
 
 LATENT, Latens, from latere, 'to lie hid.' 
 ' Lying hid,' ' concealed.' An epithet applied to 
 certain diseases or states of disease, in which the 
 symptoms are so concealed and obscure, morbi 
 occul'ti, as to escape the observation of the phy- 
 sician. Thus, we saj' latent inflammation, latent 
 period of small-pox. 
 
 LAT'ERAD, from latus, lateris, 'the side.' A 
 t«rm used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify 
 ' towards the lateral aspect.' 
 
 LATERAL ASPECT, see Mesial. 
 
 LATERIT"IOUS, Laferit"ius, Lateric"ius, 
 from later, 'a. brick.' An epithet applied to the 
 brick -like sediment, occasionally deposited in the 
 urine of people alBicted with fever; Sedimen'tum 
 uri'nce lateric" ium. 
 
 LATESCENTIS CHORDS (Museulus), Pal- 
 maris longus. 
 
 LATEX NIVBUS, Milk. 
 
 LATHYRIS, Euphorbia lathyris. 
 
 LATIB'ULUM, from lateo, 'Hie hid.' The 
 foyer of a febrile poison ; whence it spreads to 
 every part to induce a paroxysm. See Clapier. 
 - LAT'ICA. Same etymon. AmpJiimer'ina lat'- 
 ica of Sauvages. A species of quotidian remit- 
 tent, whose paroxysms are very long, and which 
 is accompanied with latent heat ( ? ), whence its 
 name. 
 
 LATICES LACTEI, Receptaculum chvli. 
 
 LATIS'SIMUS colli, Platysma myoides. 
 
 Latis'simus Dorsi, Anisealp'tor, Brachium 
 riiovens quartus, (F.) Lombo-liumeral (Ch.), Dorsi- 
 lombo-saero-humeral. Muscle grand dorsal, M. tres 
 large dii dos. A flat muscle; broad, especially belowj 
 thin; quadrilateral; and situate at the posterior, 
 lateral, and inferior region of the trunk. It is 
 attached to the posterior half of the outer lip of 
 the crest of the ilium ; to the posterior surface of 
 the sacrum ; to the spinous processes of the six 
 or seven last dorsal vertebra3, to all those of the 
 loins, and to the last four false ribs, and is in- 
 serted by a strong tendon at the posterior edge 
 of the bicipital groove of the humerus. Its upper 
 fibres are almost horizontal; the middle very long 
 and oblique upwards and outwards ; and the an- 
 terior almost vertical. This muscle carries the 
 arm backwards, depressing it, and making it turn 
 on its axis. It also draws backwards and down- 
 Avards the prominence of the shoulder. When, 
 
 suspended by an arm, we make an effort to raise 
 ourselves, it draws the trunk towards the arm. 
 It can, also, raise the ribs by assuming its fixed 
 point on the humerus, and become an inspiratory 
 muscle. 
 
 LATITITDO humeri, Scapula. 
 
 LATTICE WORK, Cancelli. 
 
 LATUS, Broad — 1. Ani, Levator ani. 
 
 LAU, see Spirit. 
 
 LAUCA'NIA, Leuea'nia, Lau'chane, from Xavia 
 'lenjoj',' 'I take.' The fauces and oesophagus ^ 
 Also, the chin. — Gorraeus. 
 
 LAUCHANB, Laucania. 
 
 LAUD'ANUM or LAUDA'NUM. Perhaps, 
 from ZaKS, ' praise :' laiida'tum, 'Tpmised.' Every 
 preparation of opium, solid or liquid, but more 
 particularly the extract and tincture, and espe- 
 cially the latter. 
 
 Laudanum Abba'tis Rousseau, Guttm Abhatis 
 Roussean, \innm opia'tiim fermentatio'ne para'- 
 tnm. Abbe Rousseau's Z)ro2)s. {Mel. H'arbonnens., 
 ^xij; aqiicB calida, Oiij. Set in a warm place, 
 and, as soon as the mixture ferments, add opium, 
 §iv, dissolved in water, f5xij. Let it ferment 
 for a month, and evaporate to f§x: strain, and 
 add rectified spirit of xoine, ^ivss. 
 
 Laudanum, Ford's, Vinum opii — 1. Liquid, 
 Tiuctura opii — 1. Liquidum Hofimanni, Yinum 
 opii — 1. Liquidum Sydenhami, Vinum opii — 1. 
 Opiatum, Extraetum opii — 1. Simplex, Extrac- 
 tum opii. 
 
 LAUGH, Risus — 1. Sardonic, Canine laugh. 
 
 LAUGHING, Risus. 
 
 LAUGHTER, Risus. 
 
 LAUREL, Kalmia latifolia. Magnolia macro- 
 phylla — 1. Broad-leaved, Kalmia latifolia — 1. 
 Cherry, Prunus lauro-cerasus — 1. Common, Pru- 
 nus laui-o-cerasus — 1. Dwarf, Kalmia angustifolia 
 — 1. Great, Rhododendron maximum — 1. Ground, 
 Epigsea repens — 1. Mountain, Kalmia latifolia, 
 Rhododendron — 1. Narrow-leaved, Kalmia an- 
 gustifolia — 1. Poison, Prunus lauro-cerasus — 1. 
 Rose, Kalmia latifolia — 1. Sheep, Kalmia angus- 
 tifolia — 1. Swamp, Kalmia glauca ■ — • 1. Sweet, , 
 Illicium Floridanum — 1. Water, see Prunus lau- 
 ro-cerasus — 1. White, Magnolia glauca. 
 
 LAURENT, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. A thermal spring, five leagues from Joyeuso 
 in France. Temp. 127° Fahr. 
 
 LAU REN 'TI A PINNATIF'IDA, Pepper- 
 dulse. One of the Alga3, eaten in Scotland, and 
 hawked about the streets of Edinburgh along 
 with Lnmina'ria digita'ta or Tangle. 
 
 LAUREOLA, Daphne laureola. 
 
 LA URIER, Laurus — I. Alexandrin, Ruseus 
 hypoglossum — I. Amandier, Prunus lauro-cerasus 
 — I. Cerise, Prunus lauro-cerasus — I. Rose, Ne- 
 rium oleander. 
 
 LAURO-CERASUS, Prunus lauro-cerasus. 
 
 LAUPtUS, Laurus nob'ilis, Ihiph'ue, Sweet Bay. 
 Nat. Ord. Laurinese. (F.) Laurier. The lenves 
 and berries havs a sweet, fragrant smell, and an 
 aromatic, astringent taste. Sweet bay has been 
 advised as a stomachic and carminative, but is 
 now rarely used. It is, sometimes, employed as 
 a fomentation and in glysters ; and the berries 
 are an ingredient in the Emplastrum Cumini. 
 
 Laurus ^stivalis, L. benzoin— 1. Alexandrina 
 angustifolia, Ruseus hj'poglossum — 1. Camphora, 
 see Camphor. 
 
 Laurus Ben'zoin, Benzoin odorif'erum, Lau- 
 rus Pseudo-benzoin seu cBstiv-a'lis, Spice wood, 
 Spice bush. Allspice bush. Wild allspice, Spiice 
 berry. Fever icood. Fever busk. An indigenous 
 shrub, growing in moist, shady places in all parts 
 of the United States ; flowering early in spring. 
 All parts of the shrub have a spicy, agreeable 
 flavour, which is strongest in the bark and dt- 
 
LAUTISSIMA 
 
 504 
 
 LEAD 
 
 ries. An infusion or decoction of the small 
 branches is used in popular practice as a vei-mi- 
 fuge, and agreeable drink in low fevers. The 
 bark has been used in intermittents : the berries, 
 dried and powdered, for allspice. The oil of the 
 berries is used as an excitant. 
 
 Laurds Canella, L. Cassia. 
 
 Laurus Cas'sia, L. canel'la,Per' sea cassia. The 
 species of laurus which yields the Cassia lig'nea, 
 Casia, Cassia cinnamo'm.ea, Cortex Canel'lcB Ma- 
 labar'iccB, Cassia lignea Ilalahar'ica, Xylo-cassia, 
 Canel'la Malaharica et Javen'sis, Canella Cuba'- 
 iia, Arbor Juda'ica, Cassia Canel'la, Canellif'era 
 Jlalabar'ica, Cortex cras'sior, Cinnamo'mum Ma- 
 labar'icum sen In'dicum seu Sinen'se, Calihac'ha 
 canel'la, Wild Cinnamon, ilalabar Cinnamon, 
 Cassia, (F.) Cannelle de Malabar ou de Java ou 
 de la Chine ou des hides ou de Coromandel, C. 
 ■fausse, C. matte, Casse en bois, Casae aromatique. 
 The bark and leaves abound with the flavour of 
 cinnamon, for which they may be substituted; 
 but they are much weaker. The unopened flower- 
 buds are used in the same manner. 
 
 Laurus Cinnamo'mum, Per'sea cinnamo'mum, 
 Cinnamo'mum, G. Zeylan'icum, Darse'ni, Darsi'ni, 
 Cinnamon, Xylo-cinnamomum, Cuurdo Canel'la, 
 (F.) Cannelle, Baume de Cannelle, Cannelle offici- 
 nale. Cinnamon bark, which is obtained, also, 
 from the Cinnamo'mum aromat'icum, is stimulant 
 and carminative, and is employed, chiefly, as a 
 grateful aromatic, to cover the taste of nauseous 
 remedies. Dose, gr. x to J^j. The Flowers, 
 called CassicB Flores in the shops, possess aroma- 
 tie and astringent virtues, and may be used 
 wherever cinnamon is required. The volatile 
 oil of the bark — O'leum Oinnamo'mi — Oil of 
 Cinnamon, is oflicinal in the Pharm. U. S. 
 
 Laurus Cubeba, Piper cubeba — 1. Culilaban, 
 L. Culilawan. 
 
 Laurus Culil'awan, L. CuUl'ahan seu Cary- 
 ophyl'lus, Cinnamo'mum Culilawan. The tree that 
 affords the Cortex Culilawan seu Culilaban, Cu- 
 lilawan, Culitlawan, Cortex caryopkylloides, V. 
 Caryophyllo'ides Amboinen'sis. This bark resem- 
 bles the sassafras in appeai-ance and properties, 
 and is used in Java as a condiment. 
 
 Laurus Malaeathrum, see Malabathrum — 
 1. Nobilis, Laurus — 1. Pseudobenzoin, L. Ben- 
 zoin. 
 
 Laurus Sas'sAPRAS, Per'sea sas'safras. Sas- 
 safras, Cornus mas odora'ta, Anhuiba, Ague-free. 
 Indigenous in the United States. Sassafras wood 
 and root, and especially the bark of the root, 
 Sassafras Radi'cis Cortex (Ph. U. S.), have been 
 considered stimulant, sudorific, and diuretic. The 
 virtues depend upon essential oil. Oleum. Sassa- 
 fras, the odour of which is not unlike that of 
 fennel. It has been used in cutaneous diseases, 
 chronic rheumatism, &c. 
 
 The pith of the stems, Sassafras medul'la, 
 abounds in gummy matter, which it readily im- 
 parts to water, forming a limpid mucilage, which 
 is much employed as a collyrium in ophthalmia, 
 and as a drink in dysentery, catarrh, &c. (one 
 dram of the pith to a pint of boiling water). 
 
 LAUTIS'SIMA VINA. {Lautus, 'elegant.') 
 Wines were formerly so called, which were 
 strongly impregnated with myrrh. 
 
 LAVAMBNTUM, Clyster, Enema. 
 
 LA VANDE, Lavendula. 
 
 LAVANDULA, Lavendula. 
 
 LAVEMENT, Clyster, ^nQxaa.— l. Antispas- 
 inodique, Enema fcetidura. 
 
 LAVENDER, COMMON, Lavendula— 1. Sea, 
 Stance limonium, Statice Caroliniana. 
 
 LAVEN'DULA, from lavo, 'I wash ;' so called 
 from b'iiug used in baths. Laven'dula spiea seu 
 iatifo'lia, Sjpica, L. vera, Lavan'dula (Ph. U. S.), 
 
 Common Lavender, (F.) Lavande, Aspic, Spic, 
 The odour of lavender flowers is fragrant and 
 agreeable; taste warm and bitterish — depeading 
 upon an essential oil. It has been used as a sti- 
 mulant; particularly in the form of the oil, — 
 O'leum laven'dulcB. The dried leaves have been 
 employed as an errhiue. 
 
 The French use the Lavejdula Stoechas, Stop- 
 cJias et Stichas Arab'ica, French Lavender, of 
 which they have a compound syrup, Syru'pus de 
 stce'chade compos' itiis : given as a pectoral. 
 
 Lavendula Latifolia, Lavendula. 
 
 LAVER GERMANICUM, Veronica beeca- 
 bunga — 1. Odoratum, Sisvmbrium nasturtium. 
 
 LAVIPEDIUM, Pediluvium. 
 
 LAAV MEDICINE, Medicine, legal. 
 
 LAWSONIA ALBA, L. Inermis. 
 
 Lawso'nia Iner'mis, L. alba, Alcan'a vera, A. 
 Orienta'lis, Ci/perus antiquo'rum, Ligus'trum 
 yEgyptiacum, Smooth Lawso'nia, ( F. ) Henne. 
 An East Indian and African plant, the root of 
 which is slightly astringent. 
 
 In India, the root of the Lawso'nia spinosa ia 
 emploj^ed in lepra and other cutaneous afi'eetions. 
 
 LAX, Diarrhoea. 
 
 LAXANS, Laxative, Relaxant. 
 
 LAX'ATIVE, Laxat.i'vus, Laxans, Le'niens, 
 from laxare, 'to loosen;' Minorati'vus, Soluti'vus, 
 Alvid'ucus, Hy2}ecchoret'icus, Hypago'gus, Ily- 
 pel'atus, Hypocathar' ticus, Lapac'ticus. A me- 
 dicine which gently opens the bowels; such as 
 tamarinds, manna, &c. 
 
 LAXATIVUS INDICUS, Cambogia. 
 
 LAXATOR AURIS INTERNUS, L. tym- 
 pani. 
 
 Laxator Tympani, L. major tym'pani, Exter'- 
 nus mallei, Ante'rior mallei, Obli' quus aiiris, Ex- 
 ternus auris vel Laxator inter'nus, Eusta'chii mvs'- 
 culus, (F.)Anterieur du marteau, Spheni-salpingo- 
 mallien. A muscle which arises from the spine 
 of the sphenoid bone and from the cartilage of 
 the Eustachian tube, and is inserted, by a tendon, 
 into the apophysis of Rau. It relaxes the mem- 
 brana tympani. 
 
 Laxa'tor Tym'pani Minor. A very small 
 muscle which extends from the upper part of 
 the external auditory canal, and is inserted at 
 the inferior part of the process of the handle of 
 the malleus. Its existence is denied by most 
 anatomists. 
 
 LAXITAS, Atony — 1. Alvi, Diarrhoea — 1. 
 Ingestorum, Lientery — 1. Intestiuorum, Lieu- 
 tery — 1. Scroti, Rhachosi.= — 1. Ventriculi, Gas- 
 terasthenia. 
 
 LAX'ITY, Lax'itas, Laxnese. Condition of a 
 tissue, when loose or relaxed; or of one which 
 wants tone. We say laxity of fibre, laxity of 
 skin, to express, that those parts have lost some 
 of the tenseness proper to them. 
 
 LAYER, ANIMAL, see Tache cnibryonnaire — 
 1. Mucous, see Tache embryonnaire — 1. Serous, 
 see Tache embryonnaire — 1. Vascular, see Tache 
 embryonnaire — 1. Vegetative, see Tache embryon- 
 naire. 
 
 LAYERS OF THE BLASTODERMA, see 
 Tache embryonnaire. 
 
 LAZARET'TO, Lazaret, Lazar-house, from 
 (I.) lazzero, 'a leper.' A solitary edifice in most 
 seaports of magnitude, intended for the disinfec- 
 tion of men and goods proceeding from places 
 where contagious diseases are prevailing. 
 
 LAZULITE, Lapis lazuli. 
 
 LEAD, Plumbum — 1. Black, Graphites — 1. 
 Chloride of, Plumbi chloridum — 1. Colic, see Co- 
 lica metallica- — 1. Iodide of, Plumbi iodidum — 1. 
 Nitrate of, Plumbi ultras — 1. Oxyd of, somi-vitri- 
 lied, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum — 1. Pai'aly&is, 
 
LEAD-POISONING 
 
 505 
 
 LEMONADE 
 
 Bee Palsy, lead — 1. Red, Plumbi oxidum ru- 
 brum. 
 
 Lead RHEU'MATiSjr, Lead Neural' giajArthraV- 
 g!a of M. Tanquerel. The neuralgic and spas- 
 modic pains caused by the poison of lead. 
 
 Lead, Subcarbonate of, Plumbi superacetas 
 — 1. Tannate of, see Tannin — 1. White, Plumbi 
 subcarbonas. 
 
 LEAD-POISONING, 3folyhdo'sis, Morhiw 
 plumheus, Cacochi/m'ia 2>li">ibea, (F.) Intoxication 
 gaturnine. Morbid phenomena induced by lead 
 received into the system. 
 
 LEADWORT, Plumbago Europjsa. 
 LEAF, SOUR, Andromeda arborea. 
 LEAMINGTON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Saline ivaters at Leamington, about two miles 
 east of Warwick, England, which contain chlo- 
 ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, and chlorides 
 of calcium and magnesium. 
 LEANNESS, Emaciation. 
 
 LEAP, Sax. hlEppan, Saltus, Salit"io, Exal- 
 s-is, (F.) Saut; Bound, Jump, — the act of leap- 
 ing. Muscular movement or movements, by which 
 the body is detached from the soil by the forcible 
 and sudden extension of the lower limbs, previ- 
 ously flexed upon the pelvis. 
 
 LEAPING AGUE. This disease is said by 
 the Scotch writers to be characterized by in- 
 creased efficiency, but depraved direction, of the 
 will, producing an irresistible propensity to dance, 
 tumble, and move about in a fantastic manner, 
 and often with far more than the natural vigour, 
 activity, and precision ! See Mania, dancing. 
 
 LEATHER FLOWER, Clematis viorna — 1. 
 Wood, Direa palustris. 
 
 LEB'ANON, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 spring at Lebanon, 26 miles east of Albany, New 
 York, is an almost pure thermal. Temp. 72° 
 Fahr. 
 
 LECHENEION, Torcular Herophili. 
 LECHO, Puerpera. 
 LECHOPYRA, Puerperal fever. 
 LE GRAN, Cochlearia armoracia. 
 LEGONTIA, Peltandra Virginica. 
 LECTISTER'NIUM, from hctus, 'a. bed,' and 
 sternere, ' to spread.' The arrangement of a bed 
 so as to adapt it to a particular disease. Also, a 
 supplication, with the Romans, in times of public 
 danger, when beds or couches were spread for the 
 gods, as if they were about to feast, and their 
 images were taken down from their pedestals and 
 placed upon these couches around the altars. 
 The lectisternium was first introduced in the time 
 of a pestilence. — Livy. 
 
 LECTUA'LIS, from lecfus. 'a, bed.' An epi- 
 thet applied to a protracted disease. 
 LEDE SAUVAGE. Ledum sylvestre. 
 LEOTULUS STRAMINEUS, Fanon. 
 LEDOYEN'S DISINFECTING LIQUID. A 
 solution of nitrate of lead, {Plumb, nitrat. ^j ad 
 aqucB f § i,) used as an antiseptic .and antibromic. 
 LEDUM LATIF O'LI UM, X«6m(7or' Tea, 
 frrows in damp places, in Canada and the United 
 States. The leaves have a pleasant odour and 
 taste, and have been used as tea. They have also 
 been esteemed pectoral and tonic. 
 
 Ledum Palits'tre, Rosmari'mis sylves' tris, An- 
 thos sylves'tris, Marsh Tea, (F.) Lede ou Bomarin 
 eauvage. Nat. Ord. Ericinese. Sex. St/st. Decan- 
 dria Monogynia. This plant has a bitter, sub- 
 astringent taste, and was formerly used in Switz- 
 erland in place of hops : the virtues are equivocal. 
 LEB, Feculence, Lixivium, Ley, Lye. 
 LEECH, Hirudo, see Ectozoa. 
 LEEK, Allium porrum. 
 LEES, SOAP, Liquor potassas. 
 LEG, (Danish,) Orus, Scelos, Cneme. The por- 
 
 tion of the lower extremity, which extends from 
 the knee to the foot. It consists of three bones ; 
 Tibia, Fibtda, and Patella, and also of a great 
 number of muscles, vessels, and nerves." The 
 projection, formed by the muscles at the back 
 part of the leg, has received the name of Calf of 
 the leg. It is the special attribute of man, and 
 proves that he is destined to be biped. 
 
 Leg, Swelled, Phlegmatia dolens — 1. Cochin, 
 see Elephantiasis. 
 
 L E G I T ' I MAT E, Legit'imxis, from lex, legis, 
 'law;' Genui'nua, Giie'sios. An epithet applied 
 to things which are according to rule. A legiti- 
 mate child, (F.) Ell/ant legitime, is one conceived 
 or born during marriage. Legitimate diseases, 
 (F.) Maladies legitimes, are those which follow a 
 regular march. 
 
 LEGNA, from >£yvov, 'a fringed edge.' The 
 orifice of the pudendum muliebre, or of the uterus. 
 LEGUME, Legumen. 
 
 LEGU'MEN, from lego, '1 gather:' (F.) Le- 
 gume, Goiisse. So called because it is usually 
 gathered by the hand, instead of beipg reaped. 
 All kinds of ]}idse, as peas, beans, &c., are thus 
 termed. 
 
 LEGUMIN, Casein. 
 
 LEICHEN, Lichen. 
 
 LEI'OPUS, Li'opus, Plancus, Plautus, Plotus, 
 from \uos, ' smooth,' and -kovs, 'a foot.' One who 
 is aifeeted with Jlat-footedness, splay-footedness, 
 Leiopod'ia, Liopod'ia. One, the soles of whose 
 feet are flat, instead of having the concavity which 
 they commonly present. 
 
 LEIOSIS, Comminution. 
 
 LEIPHiE'MIA, LiphcB'mia : same etymon as 
 Leiphajmos. Poverty or paucity of blood. 
 
 LEIPH^MOI, Achroi. 
 
 LEIPH^'MOS, LiphcB'mos, (F.) Leipheme, 
 from Aeijtu), 'I want,' and 'aiita, 'blood.' A word 
 sometimes used adjectively ; at others, substan- 
 tively, either for a vicious state of the blood — or 
 rather for a sort of antemia — or for the patient 
 who labours under this condition. 
 
 LEIPHEME, Leipha3mos. 
 
 LEIPO, Lipo. 
 
 LEIPODERMIA, Aposthia. 
 
 LEIPODER'MOS, Lipoder'mos,hom\u-!Tu>, 'I 
 want,' and iepfia, 'skin.' One who wants a part 
 of his skin. It is especially applied to one who 
 wants the prepuce. See Apella and Aposthia. 
 
 LEIPOMERIA, Lipomeria. 
 
 LEIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 LEIPOTHYMIA, Syncope. 
 
 LEIPYR'IAS, from Xzl-ku), 'I want,' and mp, 
 'fire,' or 'heat.' A species of continued fever, 
 referred to by the Greek physicians, in which 
 there is burning heat of the internal parts and 
 coldness of the extremities. Avicenna described, 
 under this name, a kind of hemitritsea. 
 
 LEMA, Chassie. 
 
 LEME, Lippitudo. 
 
 LEMITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
 
 LEMMA, Cortex, Feculence, Furfur, Sedimen- 
 tum. 
 
 LEMNISCUS, Pessary, Tent. 
 
 LEMON GROUND, Podophyllum montanum 
 — 1. Juice, see Citrus medica — 1. Juice, artificial, 
 see Citrus medica — 1. Peel, see Citrus medica — 
 1. Tree, Citrus medica — 1. Wild, Podophyllum 
 montanum. 
 
 LEMONADE', Limona'dn,{'F.) Limonade. Le- 
 mon juice diluted with water and sweetened. Seo 
 Citrus medica. 
 
 Lemonade, Dry, (F.) Limonadc seche. Citno 
 or tartaric acid reduced to powder and mixed with 
 sugar. Lemonade Poicders may be made as fol- 
 lows : — Pound 3 ji '^ citric arid -with a few dropa 
 
LEMOSITAS 
 
 506 
 
 LEPRA 
 
 of essoncc of lemon-peel and §j or more of lump 
 sugar. Divide into six papers, each of whicli will 
 make a glass of lemonade. See Citric acid. 
 
 Limonade Gazeuse, (F.) is an agreeable drink 
 prepared by adding syrup of lemons, raspberry, 
 &Q., to water saturated with carbonic acid. 
 LEJfONADE, Magsesian, Magnesias citras. 
 Lemonade, Nitric. Nitric acid considerably 
 diluted with water, and sweetened. 
 
 Lemonade, sulphuric, and Lemonade, tar- 
 taric, are made with the sulphuric and tartaric 
 acids. 
 
 LEMOSITAS, Chassie, Lippitudo. 
 LENIENS, Laxative, Lenitive. 
 LENIS, Lenitive. 
 
 LEN'ITIVE, Leniti'vus, Lenis, Len'iens, Epia'- 
 ma, Mit'igans, from lenio, 'I assuage.' A medi- 
 cine, which allays irritation or palliates disease ; 
 also, a laxative medicine. A lenitive electuary is 
 one that purges gently. 
 
 LENOS, Toreular Hcrophili. 
 LENS, Ervum lens — 1. Crystalline, Crystalline 
 — ^1. Esculenta, Ervum lens. 
 
 LENTIC'ULA. Dim. of lens, '& lentil.' A 
 freckle. Also, the eruption of lenticular fever. 
 See Ephclides. 
 
 LENTICULAR GANGLION, Ophthalmic G. 
 LENTICULA'RES G L A N ' D U L iE, Lentic'- 
 ular glands. Mucous follicles, having the shape 
 of a lentil, which are observed esjpeeially towards 
 the base of the tongue. 
 LENTIGO, Ephelides. 
 LENTIL, Ervum lens. 
 
 LENTILLE, Ervum lens — I. Crystalline, Crys- 
 talline — 1. Ers, Ervum ervilia. 
 
 LENTIS'CINUM VINUM. Wine impregnated 
 with mastich ; from LeittiscKo, ' the m.istich tree.' 
 LENTISCUS VULGARIS, Pistacia lentiscus. 
 LENTITIA, Lentor. 
 LENTITIS, Phacitis. 
 LENTITUDO, Lentor. 
 
 LENTOR, Lentit"ia, Lentitu'do, from lentus, 
 ' clammy.' A viscidity or siziness of any fluid. 
 See Gluten. 
 
 LENUM, Toreular Herophili. 
 LEONO'TIS LEONU'RUS. A South African 
 plant, which has a peculiar smell and nauseous 
 taste, and is said to produce narcotic effects if 
 incautiously nsed. It is employed in decoction 
 in chronic cutaneous distascs. The Hottentots 
 smoke it like tobacco, and take a decoction of its 
 leaves as a strong cathartic. It is also given as 
 an eramenagogue. In the eastern districts of the 
 Cape Colony, Leonotis ova'ta is used for the same 
 purpose. 
 
 LEONTI'ASIS, Leon'tion, from \mv, 'a lion.' 
 A name given to lepra of the face, from some 
 fancied resemblance between the countenance of 
 those labouring under it and that of the lion. To 
 this kind of lepra the epithets le'onine and le'on- 
 tine have been given. 
 
 LEON'TICE THALICTROIDES, Caulophyl- 
 lum thalictroides. 
 
 LEONTION, Leontiasis. 
 
 LEON'TODON TARAX'ACUM, L. officina'le, 
 seu vxdga're, Tarax'acum officina'le. Dens Leo'nis, 
 Hedyp'nois tarax'acum, Urina'ria, Cajnit Mon'a- 
 chi, Dandeli'on, Piss-a-bed, Puffhall, (F.) Pis- 
 Kenlit, Liondent. Order, Compositse. The young 
 leaves are sometimes eaten as salad. The roots 
 are, also, roasted and used as a substitute for 
 coffee. The root, Tarax'acum, (Ph. U. S.,) is, 
 moreover, reputed to be aperient and diuretic; 
 hence its vulgar name. Its efficacj' is doubtful. 
 Leonotis Ovata, see Leonotis leonurus. 
 LEONTOPODIUM, Alchemilla. 
 LEONU'RUS, from Xcuy, 'a lion,' and ovpa, 'a. 
 tail.' Li'jn's Tail, 
 
 Leonurus Cardi'aca, Agripal' ma Gallia, Mar- 
 rit'hium, Cardi'aca erisj^a seu triloha'ta seu rml' 
 ga'ris, Herba cardiaca, H. Pata lapi'nce, 3/other- 
 loort, Throaticort, (E .) Agripiaume. Its properties 
 are those of a nauseous bitter; and hence it has 
 been used in hysteria and other nervous affections. 
 Leonurus Lanatus, Ballota lanata. 
 LEOPARD'S BANE, ROMAN, Arnica mon- 
 tana, Doronicum pardalianches. 
 
 LBPAS, Lepis, At-af, gen. XcTiaSos; Xems, gen. 
 \cizi6og, ' a scale.' 
 
 LEPER, see Leprous. 
 Leper Hospital, Ladrerie. 
 LEPIA CAMPESTRIS, Thlaspi campestre — 
 1. Sativa, Lepidium Iberis. 
 
 LEPID'IUM, from Aettj^, 'a scale;' so called 
 from its supposed usefulness in cleansing the 
 skin from scales and impurities. Pepi-per-wort. 
 Lepidium Campestre, Thlaspi campestre. 
 Lepid'ium Ibe' ris, /ie'ris, Cardaman'tica, Sci- 
 at'ica cresses. This plant possesses a warm, pene- 
 trating, pungent taste, like other cresses, and is 
 recommended as an antiscorbutic, antiseptic, and 
 stomachic. 
 
 Lepidium SATi'vDM,Zep''fl' sati'va, Thlaspi nas- 
 tur'tiiim seu sati'vnm, Nastur'tium horten'se seu 
 sati'vum, Garden cress, Dittander, (F.) Cresson 
 alenois, Cresson des Jardins. This plant pos- 
 sesses warm, stimulating properties, and is used 
 like the last. 
 
 Lepidium Squamatum, Cochlearia coronopus. 
 LEPIDODES, Squamous. 
 LEPIDOIDES, Squamous. 
 L E P I D S AR C 0' MA, Tumor aqunmifor'mis 
 carno'sus. A fleshy tumour, covered with scales; 
 from Xe-15, 'a scale,' and aapKwjia, 'a fleshy tu- ■ 
 mour.' Marcus Aurelius Severinus describes tu- 
 mours of this kind in the interior of the mouth. 
 LEPIDOSIS, Scaly diseases. 
 LEPIDOSIS ICHTHTIASIS, Ichthyosis —1. 
 Ichthyiasis cornigera, Horny excrescences — 1. 
 Lepriasis, Lepra — 1. Pityriasis, Pityriasis — 1. Pso- 
 riasis, Psoriasis. 
 
 LIPID OTIS CLAVATA, Lycopodium clara- 
 tum 
 
 LEPIRA, Lepra. 
 LEPIS. Scale. 
 
 LEPORINUM LABIUM, Harelip — 1. Ros- 
 trum, Harelip. 
 
 LEPORINUS OCULUS, Lagophthalmia. 
 LEPRA, Lepi'ira., from Xettij, 'a scale.' Lepi- 
 do'sis Lepri'asis, Lepro'sis, Lepro'sltas, Vitili'go, 
 Lepra Grmco'rum, Herp>es furfura'ccus circina'- 
 tiis, Leprosy, (F.) Lepre, 3Ial 6'aint-3fain, Dartre 
 fiirfuracee arrondie. This term has been ap- 
 plied to various affections, very diS"erent in cha- 
 racter. 1. To the Leprosy of tlie Jems, Levee, Xe-- 
 pjido'sis, Lepriasis canes'cens. Lepra Jfosa'ica seu 
 Hebrao'rum, — a variety of the Alphas or Lepra 
 alpho'i'des. The leuce was, generally, not scaly, 
 but consisted of smooth, shining patches, on which 
 the hair turned white and silky, and the skin, 
 with the muscular flesh, lost its sensibility. It 
 was incurable. To the Elephantiasis or Lepra of 
 the Arabs, see Elephantiasis ; and .3. To the Lepra 
 of the Greeks, which includes all the varieties met 
 with at the present day. It is characterized by 
 scaly patches of different sizes, but having always 
 nearly a circular form. Bateman and Willan 
 describe three chief varieties of this lepra. 
 
 1. Lepra alpho'i'des, Lepido'sis Lepri'asis af- 
 bida, Alphns, Jlforpjha'a alba, Vitili'go alphns, 
 Al'barns alba, Albarces, Albaros, Lepre ecailleuse 
 of Alibcrt, White leprosy. An aflection, charac- 
 terized by white patches, surrounded by a rose- 
 coloured areola, which appears here and there oa 
 the surface; depressed iu the middle. 
 
LEPRE 
 
 60r 
 
 LEUCOIUM 
 
 2. Lepra nigricans, Lepra nielas, YitiWijo me- 
 las, V. Nigra, Morphm'a nigra. Lepra macido'sa 
 nigra, Al'baraa nigra, Melas, Lepido'sis lepri'uais 
 ni'gricntis. Black leprosy ; iu -which the scales are 
 livid; the size of half a dollar; and diffused over 
 the body, but less widely than in the Alphoides. 
 The French pathologists usually admit three spe- 
 cies of lepra, to which they give the epithets scaly, 
 [squamense,) crustaceous, [crustacee,) and tuber- 
 cular, [tuhercnleuse,) according as the skin may 
 be covered with scales, crusts, or tubercles. 
 
 3. Lepra vulga'ris, Lepido'sis lepri'asis vulga'- 
 ris, Dartre fiirfuracee arrondie, of Alibert, cha- 
 racterized as follows : scales glabrous, whitish, 
 size of a crown piece; preceded by smaller red- 
 dish and glossy elevations of the skin, encircled 
 by a dry, red, and slightly elevated border ; often 
 confluent; sometimes covering the whole of the 
 body except the face. 
 
 Lepra appears to be endemic in Egypt, in 
 Java, and certain parts of Norway and Sweden. 
 Imperfect and faulty nutriment appears to con- 
 tribute to its development. The means, best 
 adapted for its removal, are : — a mild, unirritating 
 diet, emollient fomentations — sulphureous baths, 
 fumigations, &c. ; but, often, all remedial agents 
 will be found ineffectual. 
 
 Lepra Arabum, Elephantiasis Arabiea — 1. Bo- 
 realis, Radzyge — 1. Fungifera, Framboesia — 1. 
 Groecorum, Lepra — 1. Hebrseorum, see Lepra — 
 1. Ichthyosis, Ichthyosis — 1. Lombardica, Pella- 
 gra — 1. Maculosa nigra, L. Nigricans — 1. Medio- 
 lanensis. Pellagra — 1. Mercurial, Eczema mer- 
 curiale — 1. Mosaica, see Lepra — 1. Norvegica, 
 Ptadzyge — 1. Squamosa, Impetigo — 1. Taurica, 
 Mai de Grimee. 
 
 LEPRE, Lepra — I. des Cossaques, 3fal de 
 Grimee — I. Ecailleuse, Lepra alphoides — I. Hu- 
 mide, Impetigo. 
 
 LEPRICUS, Leprous. 
 
 LEPROSARIUM, Ladrerie. 
 
 LEPROSERIE, Ladrerie. 
 
 LEPROSIS, Lepra. 
 
 LEPROSITAS, Lepra. 
 
 LEPROSY, Lepra — 1. Black, Lepra nigricans 
 — 1. Norwegian, see Radzyge — 1. White, Lepra 
 alphoides. 
 
 LEP'ROUS, Lepro'sus, Leprot'iexis, Lep'rious, 
 Lepro'des. Relating to or resembling or affected 
 with leprosy ; a leper, 
 
 LEPSIS, Attack. 
 
 LEPTAN'DRA VIRGIN'ICA, Veroni'ea 
 Virgin' ica, Cali'er's physic. An indigenous plant, 
 which grows throughout the United States, and 
 flowers in August. The flowers are white, and 
 terminate the stem in a long spike. A variety 
 with purple flowers has been described, as 
 
 Leptandra Purpu'rea, Physic root, Black 
 root, Whorlyxoort, Gidvert root, Brinton root. Bow- 
 man root. The root is bitter and nauseous, and 
 ■when fresh is emetic and cathartic. In the dried 
 state it is more uncertain. Dose of the powder, 
 gr. XX to 3j. 
 
 LEPTO, LEPTOS, Xtirros, 'thin,' 'light.' 
 Hence : 
 
 LEPTOCHRO'A, Lep'iocJiros, from Aettto?, 
 'thin, fine,' and XP'"'> XP"'"' ' ^^^ colour of the 
 skin : the skin.' Fineness, thinness of skin. 
 
 LEPTOCHYM'IA, from Xeirro;, 'thin,' and 
 j^;!;/jo?, 'a juice.' Morbid thinness of the juices. 
 
 LEPTOHYME'NIA, from Xetttos, 'thin,' and 
 'oiivv, 'a membrane.* Thinness, delicacy of mem- 
 brane. 
 
 LEPTOMER'IA, from Xstttos, 'thin, fine,' and 
 ftepos, ' a part.' Fineness, delicacy of bodily for-^ 
 mation. 
 
 LEPTONTIQVES, Attenuants. 
 
 LEPTOPHONIA, Oxyphonia. 
 
 LEPTOSPERMUM LEUCADENDRTTl^ 
 Melaleuca cajaputi. 
 
 LEPTOTHRIX, Leptotrichus. 
 
 LEPTOT'RICHUS, Leptothrix, from Xsjrroj, 
 'fine,' and ^pi^, 'hair.' One who has fine hair. 
 
 LEPTOTROPH'IA, Microtroph'ia, Microtra. 
 pez'ia, from Atirro;, ' light,' and rpo^rj, ' nourish- 
 ment.' Light nutrition. 
 
 LEPTYNSIS, Emaciation. 
 
 LEPTYNTICA, Attenuants. 
 
 LEPTYSMOS, Emaciation. 
 
 LEREMA, see Dementia. 
 
 LERESIS, see Dementia. 
 
 LERUS, Delirium, see Dementia. 
 
 LE'SION, Las'sio, from lasus, 'hurt,' 'injured.' 
 Derangement, disorder; any morbid change, either 
 in the exercise of functions or in the texture of 
 organs. Organic lesion is synonymous with or- 
 ganic disease. 
 
 LESSIVE, Lixivium. 
 
 LESSIVE DES SAVONNIERS, Liquor po- 
 tassK. Also, a solution of caustic soda in water, 
 containing about 3 parts of soda to 8 of water. 
 
 LESSIVE DE TARTRE, Liquor potassse 
 subcarbonatis. 
 
 LETALITAS, Mortality. 
 
 LETHALIS, Lethiferous, MortaL 
 
 LETHALITAS, Mortality. 
 
 LETHAR'GIC, Lethar'gicus, Veterno'sm, (F.) 
 Lethargique. Relating to lethargy; affected with 
 lethargy. 
 
 LETHARGIQUE, Lethargic. 
 
 LETH'ARGY, Lethar'gia, Lcthar'gus, Gams 
 lethargus, Veter'nus, Obliv'io iners, from Xij-^jj, 
 'oblivion,' and apyia, 'idleness.' A constant state 
 of stupor from which it is almost impossible to 
 arouse the individual; and, if aroused, he speedily 
 relapses into his former condition. 
 
 LE'THEON, from MO'i, 'oblivion.' A name 
 given by some to sulphuric ether, when inhaled 
 as an anassthetic agent. 
 
 LETHIF'EROUS, Le'thifer, Letha'lis, Lethif- 
 icus, Mor'tifer, Mortif eroiis, from A)/©/?, ' death/ 
 and 0£pa), ' I bear.' Death-bearing; deadly, 
 
 LBTHUM, Death. 
 
 LETTUCE, Lactuca— 1. Blue, Mulgedium acu- 
 minatum — 1. False, Mulgedium Floridauum — 1. 
 Indian, see Calumba — 1. Strong-scented, Lactuca 
 virosa — 1. White, Nabalus albus — 1. Wild, Lac- 
 tuca elongata. 
 
 LETUM. Death. 
 
 LEUCADES, see Sclerotic. 
 
 LEUCiE'MIA, Leuka'wia, from Aeuot?, 'white, 
 and 'ai\ia, 'blood.' A condition of the blood in 
 which it is deficient in colouring matter. 
 
 LEUCJETHIOPIA, see Albino. 
 
 LEUC^THIOPS, Albino. 
 
 LBUCANIA, Laucania. 
 
 LEUCANTHEMUM, Anthemis nobilis, Matri- 
 caria chamomilla — 1. Vulgare, Chi'ysauthemum 
 leucanthemum. 
 
 LEUCE, Lepra (of the Jews.) 
 
 LEUCELECTRUM, Succinum (album.) 
 
 LEUCITIS. Sclerotitis. 
 
 LEUGOCYTH^'MIA, from AewKoj, 'white,' 
 ffUToj, 'cell,' and 'aijua, 'blood.' A condition of 
 the blood, which consists in a superabundant 
 development of the white corpuscles, a disease 
 which has been observed at times to be accom- 
 panied by enlargement of the spleen and liver, 
 and at others by increased size of the lymphatio 
 glands. 
 
 LEUCODENDRON, Melaleuca cajaputL 
 
 LEUCGENUS, see Wine. 
 
 LEUCOIUM, Lunaria rediviva — L Luteum, 
 Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 
LEUCOLEIN 
 
 508 
 
 LEVATOR 
 
 LETJCOLEIX, Leukoleinum. 
 LEUCO'MA, from ^cvKog, ' white.' Ocnlo'ium 
 alhu'go, Leueom' ma, Leuco'sis, Albu'go, AVbuht, 
 Ceratolenco' ma, Ephel'otes. Leucoma and Al- 
 hugo are often used synonymously to denote a 
 ivhite opacity of the cornea. Both are essentially 
 different from nebula of the cornea; nebula being 
 usually the result of chronic ophthalmy and an 
 effusion of a milky serum into the texture of the 
 delicate continuation of the conjunctiva over the 
 cornea; — the others are the result of violent, 
 acute ophthalmia^ In this state, a thick, coagu- 
 lable lymph is estravasated from the arteries, 
 sometimes superficially, at other times deeply 
 into the substance of the cornea. On other occa- 
 sions, the disease cousjsts of a firm, callous cica- 
 trix on this membrane, — the effect of a wound or 
 ulcer with loss of substance. The aft'ection is 
 more diiScult of cure in proportion to its duration 
 and to the age of the individual ; the activity of 
 the absorbents being greater in youth. If inflam- 
 mation still exist, antiphlogistics must be perse- 
 vered in, and, afterwards, gentle stimulants be 
 used to excite absorption ; along with the in- 
 ternal use of mercury or iodine. 
 
 Leucoma, Albumen — I. Margaritaceum, see 
 Margaritaceus. 
 
 LEUCOMMA, Leucoma. 
 LEUCOMOPlIA, Guttubuth, 
 LEUCONECRO'SIS, from Af«/fo?„ 'white,' and 
 f£«:pio<7£j, ' death. A form of dry gangrene, — the 
 opposite in apjiearance to anthraconecrosis. 
 LEUCOXYMPHiEA, Nymphasa alba. 
 LEUCOPATHIA, see Albino, Chlorosis. 
 LEUCOPHAGIUM, Blanc-manger. 
 LEUCOPHLEGMASIA, Leucophlegmatia^l. 
 Dolens puerperai-um, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 LEUCOPHLEG MA'T lA, LeucopMegmasia, 
 Hydrops leiicojjlilcgma'tias, Tumescen'tiu pitui- 
 to'sa, from \zvko;, 'white,' and (pXcyiia, 'phlegm.' 
 A di'opsieal habit. Some writers use the word 
 synonymously with anasarca and oedema; others 
 with emphysema. 
 
 Leucophlegmatia ^THiopuir, Chthonopha- 
 gia. 
 
 LEUCOPIPER, Piper album. 
 LEUCOPYRIA, Hectic fever. 
 LEUCORRHEE, Leucorrhoea. 
 LEUCORRHCE'A, Fluxiis vel Fluor mulie'hris, 
 Proflu'vium mulie'bre, Cursus matri'cis, Fluxus 
 mntri'cis, Elytri'tis, C'oleosi'tis, Coljpi'tis, Eestil- 
 lu'tio u'teri, Fluxio alba, F. Vul'vcB, Ulcus u'teri, 
 Catar'rhus genita'lium, Hysterorrhm' a muco'sa, 
 Gatarne'nia alba, Menses albi. Men' strua alba, 
 Menorrhag"ia alba, Fluor mulie'hris non Gal'li- 
 cus, Blennelyt'ria, Gonorrhce'a benig'na notha in- 
 vetera'ta, Purga'tio mulie'hris alba, Alba piurga- 
 nien'ta, Cachex'ia uteri'na, Mheuma u'teri, U'teri 
 Cory'za, Medorrhce'a feniina'rum insons, Blen- 
 nqrrhce'a seu Blennorrliag" ia genita'lium, ^doeo- 
 blennorrhce'a seu Medoblennorrhoe'a femina'rum ; 
 The whites; (F.) Flcurs ou Flueurs blanches, 
 Pertes blanches, Ecoulement hlane, Catarrhe ute- 
 rin, Perte uterine blanche, from \evKog, ' white,' 
 and p£(o, 'I flow.' A more or less abundant dis- 
 charge of a white, yellowish, or greenish mucus ; 
 resulting from acute or chronic inflammation or 
 from irritation of the membrane lining the genital 
 organs of the female. Vag"inal Leucorrhwa has 
 been termed Blennorrhcea seu Fluor albiis vagi'- 
 v<p,, L'wiorrhxja'a, Medorrhfe'a vagincB, Vogini'tis, 
 Klytioblennorrhce' a, Colporrhoe'a. — Uterine Leu- 
 corrhoea has received the names Fluor alhus uteri, 
 Leucojrhce'a seu Medorrhos'a uteri, Metroblennor- 
 rhos'a, 'F.) Leucorrhee uterine, Catarrhe uterin. 
 It is often attended with pain and a sense of 
 weariness in the loins, abdomea and thighs; dis- 
 
 ordered digestive functions, &c., so that, at times, 
 the health suffers largely, although there are few 
 females who are not occasionally subject to mode- 
 rate leucorrhoea. Attention to the general health, 
 change of air, keeping up a perspirable state of 
 the surface by flannel worn next the skin, the 
 horizontal posture, &c., do more than pharma- 
 ceutical agents ; which are almost entirely con- 
 fined to astringent injections. These may be 
 employed, when the discharge is so great as to 
 require them. 
 
 Leccorehcea Analis, see Hsemorrhois — L 
 Nabothi, see Parturition. 
 
 LEUCORRHOIS, see Hsemorrhois. 
 
 LEUCO'SES; from Xbvkos, 'white.' In the 
 nosology of M. Alibert, all the diseases of tbo 
 lymphatic apparatus. The 7th family in his A'o- 
 sologie. In that of Fuchs, it is a family of dis- 
 eases, (G.) Leukosen, which includes the va- 
 rious forms of anajmia. 
 
 Leucosis, Leucoma, Paleness. 
 
 LEUK or LOCCHE, MINERAL "WATERS 
 OF. Saline, chalj'beate waters, about six leagues 
 distant from Sion. They contain chloride of so- 
 dium, with a little sulphate of magnesia; sul- 
 phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonic 
 acid, and protoxide of iron. 
 
 LEUKEMIA, Leucaemia. 
 
 LEUKOLEIN'UM, Chinolein'um, Leuhol, 
 Leu'coleine, Leu'eolein, Chi'nolein, Chi'nolin. 
 This substance is the product of the dry distilla- 
 tion of coal: mixed with picolin, anilin and other 
 substances, in mineral tar. It is procured, also, 
 by heating qninia, cinchonia and strychnia, with 
 as concentrated a ley of potassa as can be made. 
 Its specific gi-avity is 1.081 ; and it is slightly 
 soluble in water, and miscible in all proportions 
 with alcohol, ether and essential oUs. 
 
 LE VAIN, Ferment. 
 
 LEVA'TOR AN'GULI ORIS, Abdu'cem la- 
 bio'rum, Eleva'tor labiorum commu'nis, Cani'nus, 
 (F.) Sus maxillo-labial, Petit sus-maxillo-lahiul 
 (Ch.), Muscle canin. A small, fiat, long, quadri- 
 lateral muscle, which arises from the fossa ca^ 
 nina, and is inserted at the commissure of the 
 lips, where it is confounded with the triangularis. 
 It raises the corner of the mouth, and draws it 
 towards the ear. 
 
 Levator Ani, Levator magnus seu interniu, 
 Latus ani, Eleva'tor ani, Sedem attol'lens, (F.) 
 Pubio-coccygien anmdaire, Sous pubio-coccygien 
 (Ch.), lieleveur de I'aniis. A muscle, situate at 
 the lower part of the pelvis. It is broad, flat, 
 quadrilateral, and broader above than below. It 
 represents a kind of membranous partition, which 
 closes the outlet of the pelvis, and the upper 
 concavity of which is opposed to that of the dia- 
 phragm. It is attached, above, to the posterior 
 surface of the body of the pubis, to the upper 
 part of the obdurator foramen, and to the spine 
 of the ischium ; and is inserted iiio the coccyx, 
 into an aponeurotic line common to it and its 
 fellow, and into the lateral parts of the rectum. 
 This muscle supports the rectum; riiises it, and 
 carries it upwards during the evacual'on of the 
 excrement. It can, also, compress tbe bladder 
 and vesiculfc seminales, and thus favouv Che ex- 
 pulsion of the urine and sperm. 
 
 Levator Ani Parvus, Transversus perinan — 
 1. Auris, Attollens aurcm — 1. Coccygis, Coecy- 
 geus. 
 
 Levator Glan'oul-^; Tyroi'devE. A muscle 
 occasionally found connected with the upper bor- 
 der or isthmus of the thyroid gland; .and attached 
 Superiorly to the body of the os hyoides, or to the 
 thyroid cartilage. 
 
 Levator Menti, Levator labii inferioris — L 
 
LEVATOR 
 
 509 
 
 LIATKIS 
 
 Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — 1. Proprius sca- 
 puloo, L. seapulse. 
 
 Levator Labii Infeeio'ris, Levator menti, 
 Elevator labii ivferio'ris, lacisi'vvs infe'rior, 
 Elevator labii inferioris pro'prius, iTua' cidns pe- 
 nicilla'tus, (F.) Houppe du menton, lieleveur de 
 la levre infericur, lieleveur du menton. A portion 
 of the mento-labial of Chaussier. A small muscle 
 lituate before the symphysis menti. It is thick, 
 ■jonical ; and attached by its apex to a fossette at 
 the side of the symphysis in the inferior maxil- 
 lary bone. Its fibres proceed diverging and van- 
 ishing in the manner of a tuft, (F.) Houppe, on 
 the skin of the chin. This muscle raises the 
 chin, and pushes upwards the lower lip. 
 
 Lbtatoe Labii Supeeio'eis Al^qtje Nasi, 
 Incisi'vus latera'lis et pyramida'lis, (F.) Grand 
 Bus-maxillo-lubial (Ch.,) Elevateur commun de 
 I'aile du nez et de la levre siipcrieure. This mus- 
 cle is a fleshy, thin, triangular bundle, situate at 
 the sides of the nose. It arises from the ascend- 
 ing process of the superior maxillary bone : thence 
 its fibres descend in a diverging manner, a part 
 being inserted into the ala of the nose, and a part 
 losing themselves in the upper lip. This muscle 
 raises the upper lip and ala nasi, which it draws 
 a little outwards. 
 
 Levator Labh Supeeioeis Peopeitjs, 3fus'- 
 etdus i?icisi'vus, Elevator labii superioris pro- 
 prius, (F.) Jloi/en sus-maxillo-luhial, (Ch.,) Or- 
 hito-maxillo-labial. This thin, fiat, quadrilateral 
 muscle is situate at the middle and inner part of 
 the face. It arises from the os malse and the os 
 maxillare superius, and is inserted into the upper 
 lip, which it raises, at the same time carrying it 
 a little outwards. 
 
 Levatoe Pala'ti, Levator Palaii Jlolli-s, Petro- 
 salpin'go-stapihyli'nus, Salpin' go-stapliyii' nus in- 
 ter'niw, Salpiingo-staphyliniis, Pter' ygo-staphyli- 
 niis externus, Spheno-stapTiylinus, Spheno-palati'- 
 ni's, PeristapJiijlinus inter nus siqjerior, Petro-sta- 
 phylin, (Ch.) This muscle is long, narrow, and 
 almost round above ; broader and flatter infe- 
 riorly. It arises from the lower surface of the 
 pars petrosa ; from the cartilage of the Eusta- 
 chian tube ; and is inserted into the substance of 
 the velum palati. Its use is to raise the velum 
 palati. 
 
 Levator Pal'pebe^ SrPEEio'Eis, Palpehrce 
 e^iperioris p>rimits, Apiertor Oc'uli, Ape'riens Pal- 
 pebra'rum rectus, Eeclu'sor palpehra'rum, (F.) 
 Orhito -palpebral (Ch.), Orbito- sits -palpebral, 
 Eletateur de la paupih-e superiettre. A long, 
 sma'l, thin muscle, situate at the upper part of 
 the orbitar cavity. By its posterior extremity it 
 is inHsrted into the little ala of the sphenoid bone, 
 immediately in front of the foramen opticum, and, 
 by its anterior extremity, which is expanded, it 
 terminates at the upper margin of the tarsal car- 
 tilage of the eyelid. This muscle raises the 
 ■upper eyelid, draws it backwards, and sinks it 
 into the orbit. 
 
 Levator Pros'tat^, (F.) Beleveur de la pros- 
 tate. Santorini has given this name to the ante- 
 rior fibres of the levator ani, which embrace the 
 prostate. 
 
 Levatoe Scap'ul.e, Eleva'tor scapula, Eleva- 
 tor sou Mus'culus Patien'tim, Angula'ris vulgo 
 Levator pro'prius, — (F.) Trachelo -scapidaire 
 (Ch.), Angulaire de Vomoplate, Eeleveur de I'omo- 
 plate. This muscle is so called, because it is 
 attached to the upper and internal angle of the 
 scapula. It is situate at the posterior and lateral 
 part of the neck, and at the upper part of the 
 Lack. It is long, flat, and broader above than 
 below. In this latter direction, it is inserted into 
 the superior internal angle of the scapula; and, 
 in tplie/oi'jner, into tho tops of the transverse pro- 
 
 cesses of the first four cervical vertebrae. It de- 
 presses the prominence of the shoulder, by raising 
 the posterior angle of the scapula, on which it 
 impresses a kind of rotary motion. It can, also, 
 draw the head to one side. 
 
 Levatoe Ure'the.e, (F.) Peleveur de VUr^- 
 thre. Santorini describes under this name a 
 portion of the transversus perinrei muscle. 
 
 LEVATORES COSTARUM, Supracostales. 
 
 LEVEN, Ferment. 
 
 LEVER, from levare, 'to lift up.' Vectis, 
 JIoclilus, Porrec'tum. An inflexible rod, turning 
 round a fixed point, and used for moving bodies, 
 bearing burdens, or raising them. The point on 
 which the lever moves is called the Fulcrum, Hy- 
 pomoch'lion. The force which moves the lever 
 is called the power; and the weight to be moved, 
 the resistance. There are three kinds of levers. 
 A lever of the first kind has the fulcrum between 
 the power and resistance. A lever of the second 
 kind has the resistance between the fulcrum and 
 power; whilst a lever of the third kind has the 
 poicer between the fulcrum and resistance. In 
 the locomotive system of the human body, we 
 have examples of all the three kinds. The bones 
 represent levers : the muscles of locomotion are 
 p>owers ; the weight of parts to be moved consti- 
 tutes the resistance. The fulcra ai-e, at times, 
 the joints; at others, the ground, <tc. The head 
 moves on the neck, as a lever of the first kind ; 
 the first cervical vertebra forming the fulcrum. 
 ■\Ye rise on tiptoe by a lever of the second kind, 
 the fulcrum being the ground under the toes; 
 and we have examples of a lever of the third 
 kind in the flexion of the fore-arm on the arm, in 
 the elevation of the arm, <fce. 
 
 Lever, Hystero-vioch'linm, Jlochlis'cus, Vectis 
 obstetric" ins, Vectis, (F.) Levier, is an instrument 
 curved at the extremity, and having a fenestra. 
 It is used to assist the extraction ot'the child's 
 head, when instrumental aid is necessary. Le- 
 vers are, also, used by the dentist for extracting 
 stumps, <tc. The Levier de VEcluse, Langue de 
 Carpe, Trivelin or Punch, is employed for ex- 
 tracting the molar teeth. 
 
 LEVI'ATHAN PENIS, Pria'pus Ccti, Bale'- 
 nas. The penis of the whale. This singular me- 
 dicine was, at one time, given, in powder, in 
 cases of dysentery and leucorrhoea. 
 
 LEVIER, Lever — I. de I'Ecluse, see Lever. 
 
 LEVIGA'TIOjST, Lceviga'tio, from Imvigare, 
 (IcBvis, 'smooth,') 'to polish.' Poiyhyriza'tion. 
 An operation, by which bodies are reduced to 
 very fine powder. It is performed by putting 
 substances, already pulverized, into water; the 
 coarser parts are not long in being deposited, 
 whilst the finer molecules remain suspended in 
 the water. The liquor is decanted into another 
 vessel, and sufi'ered to remain at rest, untQ the 
 fine particles are collected at the bottom. The 
 fluid part is then separated by decantation. 
 
 LEVISTICUM, Ligusticum levistieum. 
 
 LEVRE, Lip. 
 
 LEVRES GR ANDES, Labia pudendi— Z. Pe- 
 tites, Nymphs — I. de la Vulve, Labia pudendi. 
 
 LEVURE, Test— Z. de la Biere, Vest. 
 
 LEXIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic. 
 
 LEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
 
 LEY, Lixivium, Lye — 1. Soap, Liquor potassis. 
 
 LETS'SERA GNAPHALOi'DES. A South 
 African plant, Nat. Ord. Compositse, which is 
 emollient, and highly recommended at the Cape, 
 in catarrh, cough, and even in phthisis. 
 
 LEZARD, Lizard. 
 
 LTA'TRIS SPICA'TA, Gayfeather, Button 
 snaheroot. An indigenous plant, glowing in 
 meadows and moist grounds in the middkiauU 
 
LIBANOTIS 
 
 610 
 
 LICHEN 
 
 Jotitlieni states. Its beautiful purple compound 
 flowers are in a spike. They appear in August. 
 The root has been considered diuretic. 
 
 Lia'tris Scario'sa and L. Squareo'sa, Throaf- 
 voort, Sow-ioort, Backache root, Devilsbite, Blaz- 
 inrj star, Prairie pines, Mour/h root, are called, 
 from their reputed powers in bites from the rat- 
 tlesnake, Eattlesnake's master. The roots, bruised, 
 are applied to the wound, and the decoction, in 
 milk, is given internally. 
 
 LIBANOTIS ANNUA, Athamanta eretensis 
 • — 1. Cforonaria, Rosmarinus — 1. Cretensis, Atha- 
 manta eretensis — 1. Hirsuta, Athamanta cretensis. 
 
 LIBANOTUS, see Juniperus lycia. 
 
 LIBANUS, Juniperus lycia. 
 
 L'IBER PHAEMACEUTICUS, Dispensato- 
 rium. 
 
 LIBIDINIS SEDES, Clitoris. 
 
 LIBIDINOSUS, Libidinous. 
 
 LIBID'INOUS, Lihidino' sus ; Lasci'mts, Ve- 
 ueriv'agus ; from Libido, 'lust.' Lewd; lustful. 
 
 LIBI'DO. Desire, necessity. Authors speak 
 of Libido uri'ncB, Libido intesti'ni. Some employ 
 it synonymously with Prurigo; others, with Sa- 
 lac"itas, Lubi'do, Hi'meros. 
 
 LIBOS, from Ati/Joj, 'I distil.' A defluxion 
 from the eyes.- — Galen. 
 
 LIBRA, Pound. 
 
 LICHANOS, Index, see Digitus. 
 
 LICHEN, \if)(riv or ^ixvv, (pronounced When,) 
 Exor'mia Lichen, Leichen, Serpi'go, Volat'ica, 
 Pnp'xdm, P. sicccB, Peti'go, Pustulas sicecB, Sca'- 
 hies sicca, S. a'gria, Licheni'asis adulto'rum, Li'- 
 tAenons rash, (F.) Gale seche. Dartre furfuracee 
 volaitte, Poussee. The cutaneous affection de- 
 scribed under this name \>y the Greek writers, is 
 not clearly defined. Some have believed it to be 
 Impetigo, but this is doubtful. The name is, now, 
 generally applied to a diffuse eruption of red 
 pimples, accompanied by a troublesome sense of 
 tingling or pricking. Drs. Willan and Bateman 
 define it, — " an extensive eruption of papulee 
 affecting adults, connected with internal disor- 
 der, usually terminating in scurf; recurrent, not 
 contagious." One of their varieties, however, 
 the Lichen Tropicus, does not accord well with 
 this definition ; for it affects children as well as 
 adults, and is unconnected with internal disorder. 
 
 Lichen A'crius, Exor'mia Lichen ferus, Pap'- 
 ula a'gria, is distinguished by pimples in clusters 
 or patches, surrounded by a red halo; the cuticle 
 growing gradually harsh, thickened, and chappy, 
 often preceded by general irritation. In addition 
 to antiphlogistics, a cooling ointment may be 
 ased, to allay itching. 
 
 LicuEN Barbatus Plicatus, L. plicatus. 
 
 Lichen Circusiscrip'tus is characterized by 
 clusters or patches of papula^, having a well de- 
 fined margin, and an irregularly circular form : 
 continuing for six or eight weeks. These varie- 
 ties require but little medical treatment. The 
 antiphlogistic plan is all that is necessary. 
 
 Lichen Ltv'idus. The papulae have a dark 
 red or livid hue, without any fever. They are 
 more permanent in this variety. It requires the 
 mineral acids and bark. 
 
 Lichen Pila'ris, Exor'mia Lichen pilaris, is 
 merely a modification of the preceding; the pa- 
 pulse appearing at the roots of the hair. 
 
 Lichen Simplex, Exor'mia Lichen simplex, 
 consists of an eruption of red papula;, appearing 
 first un the face or arms, and afterwards extend- 
 ing over the body ; preceded for a few days by 
 slight febrile irritation, which usually ceases when 
 the eruption appears,-- with an unpleasant sense 
 of tingling during the night. It generally dies 
 Bway in ten days or a fortnight. 
 
 Lichen Trop'icos, Exormia Lichen tropicus, 
 
 Eczes'ma, Ea'sera {?), Sndam,'ina {?), PricJdy 
 Meat, Summer Push. The pimples are bright 
 red, and of the size of a small pin's head; with 
 heat, itching, and pricking, as if by needles. It 
 is local ; produced by excessive heat ; and disap- 
 pears when the weather becomes cooler, or the 
 individual is inured to the climate. 
 
 Lichen Urtica'tus, Exor'mia Lichen iirtico'- 
 sus, is another variety. The Nettle Lichen con- 
 sists of papulaj, accompanied by wheals like those 
 of nettle rash. 
 
 Lichen Arboruji, Lichen pulmonarius — I. 
 Blanc de Neige, L. caninus — I. Bottler, L. pyxi- 
 datus. 
 
 Lichen Caninus, seu spu'rius seu terres'- 
 tris seu veno'sus seu ciner'eus terres'tris, Jfnscns 
 cani'nus, Phys'cia niva'lis, Peltig"era cani'na, 
 Peltid'ea cani'na seu levcorrhi'za seu mala'cea 
 seu amplis'sima seu spu'ria, Ash-coloured Ground 
 Liverwort, (F.) Lichen contre-rnge, Lichen blanc 
 de neige. This cryptogamous plant was, for a 
 long time, considered capable of preventing and 
 curing Rabies canina. It has, also, been used in 
 mania and in spasmodic asthma. 
 
 Lichen Cinereus Terrestris, L. caninus — 1. 
 Carrageen, Fucus crispus — 1. Cocciferus, L. pyxi- 
 datus — I. contre Page, L. caninus — I. Entonnoir, 
 L. pyxidatus — 1. Eryngifolius, L. islandicus — 1. 
 Floridus hirtus, L. plicatus — 1. Hirtus, L. pli- 
 catus. 
 
 Lichen Islan'dicus, L. eryngifo'lius, Liche- 
 no'i'des Island'icum, Loba'ria Islan'dica, Jj'uscut 
 fslandicns, M. cathar'ticus, Clado'nia Islan'dica, 
 Phys'cia Islandica, Oetra'ria Islandica ; Parme'- 
 lia Islan'dica, Iceland Lichen or Liverwort or 
 IIoss, (F.) Lichen d'Islande. This plant is ino- 
 dorous, with a bitter and mucilaginous taste. It 
 is esteemed to be tonic, demulcent, and nutrient. 
 Dose, ^i to iv^, being first steeped in water hold- 
 ing in solution some carbonate of potassa to ex- 
 tract the bitter, and then boiled in milk. A bit^- 
 ter principle has been extracted from it, termed 
 Cetrarin, Cetrari'num, Cetra'rium, which has 
 been given in intermittents. 
 
 Lichen Laciniatus, L. saxatilis. 
 
 Lichen Plica'tus sen hirtus seu barba'tvs pli- 
 ca'tus seu Floridus hirtus, Parme'lia plica'ta, Us'- 
 uea plica' ta seu Flor'ida hirta seu hirta, Jfuscua 
 arbo'reus seu albus seu qvernus, Querci'ni Eerba, 
 This plant is applied, by the Laplanders, as an 
 astringent, to bleeding vessels ; and to parts 
 which are excoriated after long journeys. 
 
 Lichen Pulmona'rius, Lichen qr'bornm sea 
 reticula'tus, Parme'lia j^ulmona'cea, Reticula'ria 
 officina'lis, Muscus -pulmonarius querci'nus, Pul- 
 mona'ria arbo're, Loba'ria pmlmonaria, Siicta 
 pulmona'cea, Oak Lungs, Tree Luugtcort, Hazel 
 Croltles, (F.) Lichen pulmonaire. This plant is 
 sub-astringent, and rather acid. It was once in 
 high repute for curing diseases of the lungs. 
 
 Lichen Pyxida'tus, J/uscus Pyxido'ius, Scy- 
 phoph'orus jyyxida'tus, Ilus'cuhis pyxo'i'des ter- 
 res'tris, Lichen pyxi da' t us major. Lichen coccif- 
 erus, Herba Ignis, Cup IIoss, (F.) Lichen enton- 
 voir. Lichen lioUier, L. Pyxide. This plant is 
 sub-astringent, and has been used in decoction it 
 hooping-cough. 
 
 Lichen Reticulatus, L. pulmonarius. 
 
 Lichen Roccel'la, Parme'lia roccel'h, Poe- 
 cella, R. tinctn'ria, Seta'ria roccella, Litmus, 
 Lacmus tinclo'rius, Orchill, Cana'ry Archell, 
 Chinney Weed, Herb Arcliell, (F.) Orseille, 
 The chief use of this plant is as a blue dye. It 
 has been emploj-cd to allay cough in phthir^is, &c. 
 
 Lichen Saxat'ilis, L. tinclo'rius seu lacinia'' 
 tns, Parme'lia saxat'ilis, Imbrica'ria sn.rat'iiis, 
 Loba'ria saxat'ilis, Jluscus Cra'nii hunia'ni, Va- 
 nea. This moss, v,-hen found growing on a human 
 
LICilENIASIS 
 
 511 
 
 LIGAMENT 
 
 gknll, was formerly in high, estimation against 
 heiwi affections, &c. 
 
 Lichen Spuuius, L. caninus — 1. Stellatus, 
 Marchantia polymorpha — 1. Tinctorius, L. Saxa- 
 tilis. 
 
 LICHENIASIS ADULTORUM, Lichen — 1. 
 Strophulus, Strophulus. 
 
 LICHENOIDES ISLANDICUM, Lichen Is- 
 landicus. 
 
 LICORICE, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 LIEBENSTEIN, MINERAL "WATERS OF. 
 These waters, situated in the duchy of Saxe-Mei- 
 ningen, are amongst the strongest acidulous cha- 
 lybeates in Germany. They contain sulphate of 
 Boda, chloride of sodium, sulphate of lime, chlo- 
 ride of calcium, carbonate of lime, chloride of 
 magnesium, and carbonate of iron. 
 
 LIEBERKUHN'S GLANDS or FOLLI- 
 CLES, so called from their first describer, are 
 fine, capillary, blind sacs, the openings of which 
 are from l-20th to l-30th of a line in diameter, so 
 ciosely placed over the whole of the small intes- 
 tine as to give the mucous membrane a general 
 sieve- like or perforated appearance. They se- 
 crete the S1ICCUS entericus. 
 
 LIEBERSCHE AUSZEHRUNG'S KRATJ- 
 TER, see Galeopsis grandiflora — 1. B rust- 
 kraut er, see Galeopsis grandiflora. 
 
 LIEBWERDA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Liebwerda is a Bohemian village, near the Sile- 
 sian frontier. The springs are much frequented. 
 There arc four, all of which are rich in carbonic 
 acid and contain but little saline matter. 
 
 LIEGE, Suber. 
 
 LIEN (F.), Vin'culum. A hand, strap or gar- 
 ter, used in certain operations ; as to tie patients 
 during the operation of lithotomy; to fix the ap- 
 paratus in fracture, <fce. Also, the spleen. 
 
 LIEN ACCESSORIUS, Lienculus— L Ingens, 
 Splenoncus — -1. Succenturiatus, Lienculus. 
 
 LIEN'CULUS, diminutive of lien, 'spleen.' 
 Lien siicceiitnria'tus seu accesso'rius. A super- 
 numerary spleen. 
 
 LIENOSUS, Splenic. 
 
 LI'ENTERY, Lienter'ia, from >£iof, 'smooth,' 
 and tiTipov, 'intestine.' Lce'vitaa seu Lax'itas 
 intestino'rnm, Diarrhce'a lienter'ia, Fluxus Lien- 
 ter'iciis, Clu/morrhce'a seu Lax'itas ingesto'rum, 
 B romatuec' crisis, Diarrlnjc'a Dyspep'tica, D. cum 
 apepsid, D. Inijesto'rtim, Slip'periness of the Guts. 
 Frequent liquid evacuations, the food only half 
 digested. This condition is always symptomatic 
 of great irritation in the intestinal canal, the 
 sensibility of which is so much augmented that 
 it cannot bear the sojourn of the food in it. 
 
 LIERRE, Hedera helix — l. Terrestre,Gleehom-i 
 liederaeea. 
 
 LIFE, Sax. lij:, lyj:, Vita, Bios, Bi'ote, Zoe, 
 Pneitma, Spir'itus, (F.) Vie. The state of organ- 
 ized beings, during which, owing to the union of 
 an unknown principle with matter, they are ca- 
 pable of performing functions different from those 
 that regulate other natural bodies ; all of which 
 functions, however numerous and diversified, 
 work to cne end. Life has only a limited dura- 
 tion ; beyond which, — the organic functions 
 ceasing to be executed, — the body is given up to 
 the agency of chemical affinity. Hence Biohat 
 ha-s defined life to be — the aggregate of the func- 
 tions lohieh resist death. On account of the dif- 
 ference that exists among the vital functions, he 
 has applied the term Organic Life to the functions 
 'jsorvient to composition and decomposition; — 
 K? digestion, respiration, circulation, calorifica- 
 tion, absorption, secretion, and nutrition ; and 
 Animal Life, to the functions which connect man 
 
 and animals with external bodies; as the under- 
 standing, sensations, locomotion and voice. 
 
 Life, duration of, see Longevity — 1. Ever- 
 lasting, Gnaphalium margaritaceuni — 1. Ever- 
 lasting, sweet-scented, Gnaphalium polycepha- 
 lum — 1. Expectation of, see Longevity. 
 
 Life-Insu'rance. a contract entered into, 
 usually by an insurance conijiuny, to pay a cer- 
 tain sum of money on a person's death, on the 
 condition of his paying an annual premium 
 during his life. The medical practitioner may 
 be applied to to certify that the life of the insurer 
 is one that is insurable according to the rules of 
 the company. 
 
 Life, Value of, see Longevity, and Mortality. 
 
 Life's Blood, Cillo. 
 
 LIG'AMENT, ii'granien'iuOTy from ligare, 'to 
 bind ;' Desmos, Syndes'mos, CoUiga'men, Cop'ula. 
 A name given to fibrous structures, which serve 
 to unite bones, and to form articulations; hence 
 the division into interosseovs and articular liga- 
 ments. They are of a white, close texture; are 
 but little extensible, and difficult to break. Tho 
 name ligament has, also, been given to any mem- 
 branous fold, which retains an organ in its situii- 
 tion. 
 
 Table of the Peincipal Ligaments. 
 
 (■Capsular ligament. 
 1 Suspensory ligament of the 
 siylo.niussiis. 
 
 Lateral lijiainent. 
 
 Two capsular ligaments be- 
 tween atlas and head. 
 
 Circular liaanjent. 
 
 Two capsular between atlaa 
 and axis. 
 
 Perpendir;ular linamenl. 
 
 Two lateral or moderator liga- 
 ments. 
 
 Transverse ligament and ita 
 appendices. 
 
 Anterior common. 
 
 Crucial intervcrteb al. 
 
 Ligaments running from' the 
 edge ot" the bony arch ano 
 spinous process of one ver- 
 tebra to that of the next, 
 j Interspirious ligament. 
 1 Ligamentnm nucbae. 
 
 Intertransverse. 
 I Capsular, 
 l^ Posterior or internal common. 
 
 Capsular of the heads of ribs. 
 
 Capsular of the cUbeiclcs. 
 
 Lignmenta transvursaria in. 
 ti;rna. 
 
 Ligamcnta transversaria es- 
 terna. 
 
 Ligamenta cervicis ccstarum 
 e.xteriia. 
 
 Lig.iineHlous fibres running 
 from ihe margins of the ex- 
 tremities of the ribs to the 
 corresponding cartilages. 
 
 Eadiaied li<;anients from carti 
 iage of ribs to the sternum. 
 
 Capsular ligaments of the carti 
 lases of the lihs. 
 
 Proper membrane of sternum. 
 
 L. of cartila:.'0-erisiformis. 
 
 Tendinous expansions over the 
 intercoslales, &c. 
 
 Two transverse, — one superioi, 
 one inferior. 
 
 niosacral. 
 
 Capsular of the sacro-iliac syn 
 chondrosis. 
 
 Two sacro ischiatic, — posie 
 1 nfij.. D«7.».-» J ■■'"'" ""'' anierior, willi thi) 
 
 5. OflhePelms. ^ snpenor and inferior appen- 
 
 dic-es. 
 
 LoriDitudiiial ofoscoccygia 
 
 fnfrninnl iJL'aniei.l 
 
 Capsular (d' synijihysis pubis 
 
 Ligament of fnamcn thyioi- 
 dtnm. 
 
 I. Of the Lower Jatn-^ 
 
 ■ u 
 f 
 
 2. Connecting the 
 Head with the fast \ 
 and second Vsrte-{ 
 bra;, and these icith 
 each other. 
 
 L 
 
 3. Of the other Verte- \ 
 bras. 1 
 
 4. Of the Ribs, Ster- 
 ■num., ^-c. ! 
 
LIGAMENT 
 
 512 
 
 LIGAMENTOUS 
 
 fl. Of the Clavicle. 
 
 7. Of the Scapula. 
 B. Of 
 
 Capsular. 
 
 Radiated ligament 
 
 Capsular. 
 
 Interclavicular. 
 ■( Ligaiiientuin rhomboideum, 
 
 Claviculo-acroniial. 
 
 Conoid. 
 
 Trapezoid. 
 
 Anterior triangular. 
 
 Proper posterior, 
 the Shoulder- i 
 Joint. 
 
 f Capsular. 
 
 I Brachioulnar. 
 
 Erachio-radial. 
 n r,en.. irji ^ . T„i„t J Coronary of the radius. 
 
 9. Of the Elhow- Joint. ^^^^^^^.^- ^^^ posterior acces- 
 
 sory. 
 I Intermuscular of tlie os hu- 
 (_ ineri. 
 
 10. Carpal Extremity (" Interosseous ligament. 
 
 of Radius and Ulna,) Oblique or chorda transversalis 
 
 and between those] cubiti. 
 
 bones. (_ Capsular. 
 
 ,, n _. „ i Capsular. 
 
 U. Between Fore.arm'S r^^^^ ,^,g^^,_ 
 
 and Wrist. ^ Mucous. 
 
 f Annular, 
 i Capsular. 
 1% Of the Carpus. ■[ Short ligaments, — oblique, 
 1 transverse, capsular, and 
 l_ proper. 
 
 r.l. Betiaeen Carpal j Articular lateral. 
 and Metacarpal ^st,aight, perpendicular, &c. 
 bones. J = 1- j- 
 
 14. Between the extre- ^ Interosseous, at the bases and 
 heads, — dorsal, lateral, pal- 
 mar. 
 
 Capsular. 
 Lateral. 
 
 mities of the Meta- 
 carpal bones. 
 1,5. At the base of the'] 
 
 Metacarpal bone of 
 
 the Thmnb, and at 
 
 the first joint of the \ 
 
 Fingers. J 
 
 llj. Of the first and^ 
 
 second joints of the p.„„,,,„. 
 
 Thumb, and second l^apsuiar. 
 , .' . . . f Lateral. 
 
 and third joints of \ 
 
 the Fingers. 
 
 J 
 
 ]7. Retaining the 
 Tendons of the 
 Muscles of the Hand 
 and Fingers in 
 situ. 
 
 ("Annular. 
 
 Vaginal or flexor tendons. 
 
 Vaginal or crucial of the pha- 
 langes. 
 
 Accessory of the fle-icor ten- 
 dons. 
 
 Posterior annular. 
 
 Vaginal of extensors. 
 
 Transverse of extensors. 
 
 f Capsular and accessory slips. 
 
 18. Connecting the Os I Round or teres ligament. 
 Femoris with theOs-i, Cartilaginous ligament. 
 innarminaturti- \ Double cartilaginous ligament. 
 
 (Ligaraenta mucosa, 
 f Lateral, — internal and exter- 
 nal. 
 External short lateral liga- 
 ment. 
 Posterior ligament. 
 Ligament of the patella. 
 
 19. Of the Knee-Joint.^ Capsular. 
 
 I Liganientura alare, — majus et 
 I minus. 
 
 ILigamentum mucosum. 
 Two crucial, — anterior and 
 ))Osterior. 
 (. Transverse. 
 
 I Capsular. 
 CO. Connecting Fi- J Interosseous. 
 
 i Anterior superior. . 
 * Posterior superior. 
 Anterior ligament of the fibula. 
 Posterior of fibula. 
 Deltoidea of tibia. 
 ( Capsular, 
 f Capsular. 
 Short ligaments. 
 Capsular, broad superior, and 
 lateral ligaments, connecting 
 astragalus and navicniaro. 
 Superior, lateral, and inferior, 
 fixing OS calcis to os cu- 
 boiuos. 
 
 bula and Tibia. 
 
 21. Connecting 
 'I'orsal with 
 Ijig Bones 
 
 thi:\ 
 
 the- 
 
 n. (jf the Tardus. 
 
 26. Retaining 
 Tendons of 
 
 Long, oblique, and rhomboid 
 forming the inferior iiga- 
 iiienls. 
 Superior superficial, interosse- 
 ous and inferior transverse 
 ligaments, fixing the os navi- 
 culare and os cuboidcs. 
 Superior lateral, and plantar, 
 22 Of the Tnrtui ) which fix the OS naviculure 
 £i. UJ the larsus. ^ and cuneiform. 
 
 Superior superficial and plan- 
 I tar, connecting the os cu- 
 
 Iboidcs, and os cuneiforine 
 externum. 
 Dorsal and plantar, uniting the 
 I ossa cuneiformia. 
 I The proper capsular of each 
 (_ bone. 
 
 23. Between Tarsus^ Capsular. 
 
 and Metatarsus. ) Dorsal,plantar, lateral, straight. 
 ( oblique, and transverse. 
 
 ! Dorsal, plantar, and lateral, 
 connecting the metatarsal 
 bones. 
 Transverse ligaments 
 25. Of the Phalanges ( Capsular. 
 of the Toes. ( Lateral. 
 
 'Annular. 
 Vaginal of the tendons of the 
 
 peronei. 
 Laciniated. 
 
 Vaginal of the tendon of the 
 flexor longus pollicis. 
 MusclTsofVie FoU<^T'!^^^/'\"'''^^''^ of the ten- 
 and Toesin situ. ^^ "^ '"e flexors of the 
 
 Accessory of the flexor tendons 
 
 of the toes. 
 Transverse of the extensor icn- 
 l. dons. 
 
 Ligament, Anteeior, op the Bladder. A 
 name given by the older anatomists to a por- 
 tion of the superior pelvic aponeurosis, wliicli 
 becomes attached to the front of the neck of the 
 bladder. ^ 
 
 LIGAMENT ARTERIEL, Arterial ligament 
 — 1. Camper's, Perineal fascia — 1. Cervical supra- 
 spinal, see Supraspinosa ligamenta — I. Ciliaire, 
 Ciliary ligament. 
 
 Ligament, Cor'onary, op the Liver, is a re- 
 flection formed bj' the peritoneum, between the 
 posterior margin of the liver, and the lower sur- 
 face of the diaphragm. See Falx. 
 
 Ligament, Costo-xiphoid, Xiphoid ligament 
 — 1. Dorso-lumbo-supraspinal, see Supra-spinosa 
 ligamenta — 1. of Fallopius, Crural arch — 1. Gim- 
 bernat's, see Gimbernat's ligament — 1. Gloss- 
 epiglottic, see Glossepiglottic — 1. Infra-pubian, 
 Triangular ligament — I. Interepineiix, Interspinal 
 ligament — 1. of the Ovary, see Ovarium — 1. Pal- 
 mar inferior. Metacarpal ligament — 1. Poupart's, 
 Crural arch — I. Bond, Ligamentum teres — I. Snr- 
 Spineux cervical, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta — 
 I. Sur-Spineux-dorso-lombaire, see Supraspinosa 
 ligamenta. 
 
 Ligament, Sttspen'sort, of the Liter, Liga- 
 men'tnm latum, Suspenso'rium He'patis, is a large 
 triangular reflection, formed by the peritoneum 
 between the superior surface of the liver and the 
 diaphragm. It is constituted of two layers, and 
 is continuous, below, with another reflection, 
 called the Fcdx oft.Jie Umbilical Vein. See Falx. 
 
 Ligament, Triangular, Perineal fascia. 
 
 LIGAMENTA INTERLOBULAEIA PUL- 
 MONUM, Interlobular tissue — 1. Interverte- 
 bralia. Intervertebral cartilages — 1. Lata uteri, 
 see Uterus — 1. Ilotunda uteri. Round ligaments 
 of the uterus — 1. Tarsea lata, see Tarsea lata (li- 
 gamenta). 
 
 LIGAMENTEUX, Ligamentous. 
 
 LIGAMENTOSUS, Ligamentous. 
 
 LIGAMEN'TOUS, Li(/amento'siis, Besmous, 
 Desmo'sus, (F.) Liijamenteux, Dcsmenx. Having 
 the character, or relating to, a ligament. 
 
LIGAMENTS 
 
 513 
 
 LILIUM 
 
 LIGAMENTS, BROAD, OF THE UTERUS, 
 see Uterus — I. Croisis, Crucial ligaments, L Grnci- 
 formes, Crucial ligaments — I. Jaunes, Yellow 
 ligaments — I. Larges de I'titertts, see Uterus — 1. 
 of the Larynx, inferior, Thyreo-arytenoid liga- 
 ments — I. Bonds de I'uterus, Round ligaments of 
 the uterus. 
 
 LIGAMENTUM DENTATUM, Denticulatum 
 Ugamentum — l.Iridis,Ciliary ligament — 1. Nucha}, 
 Cervical ligament — 1. Posticum Winslowii, see 
 Genu — 1. Suspensorium hepatis. Suspensory liga- 
 ment of the liver — 1. Suspensorium testis, Guber- 
 naculum testis. 
 
 LIGATIO, Fascia, Ligature — L Linguse, Apho- 
 lia. 
 LIGATION, see Ligature. 
 LIGATURA, Ligature, Fascia — 1. Glandis, 
 phimosis. 
 
 LIG'ATURE, Ligatu'ra, Liga'tw, AlUgatu'ra, 
 Deliga'tio, Vinctu'ra, Fascia, Epid'esis, from ligo, 
 '1 bind.' This word has various acceptations. 
 It means, 1. The thread with which an artery or 
 vein is tied, to prevent or arrest hemorrhage. 
 2. The cord, or thread, or wire, used for remov- 
 iiig tumours, &e. 3. The bandage used for phle- 
 botomy. Ligature is, also, sometimes applied to 
 the act of tying an artery or considerable vessel 
 — Liga'tion. When the artery alone is tied, the 
 ligature is said to be immediate ; when any of 
 the surrounding parts are included, it is said to 
 be mediate. The ligature occasions obliteration 
 or adhesion of the arterial parietes, by cutting 
 through the middle and internal coats; the adhe- 
 sion being favoured by the formation of a coagu- 
 lum, which acts, in some degree, as a barrier 
 against the impulse of the blood, and subse- 
 quently disappears by absorption. 
 
 LIGHT, Sax. leohc, lihc, (G.) Licht — Zmx, 
 Lumen, Phos, (F.) Lumiere. An extremely rare 
 fluid ; diffused over the universe ; emanating from 
 the sun and fixed stars ; traversing more than 
 four millions of leagues in a minute ; passing 
 through transparent bodies, which refract it ac- 
 cording to their density and combustibility ; and 
 arrested by opake bodies, by which it is reflected 
 at an angle equal to the angle of incidence. It 
 is the cause of colour in all bodies, being entirely 
 reflected by white surfaces and absorbed ]jy black. 
 It is decomposed in passing through a transpa- 
 rent prism into seven raj's — red, orange, yellow, 
 green, blue, purple, and violet. 
 
 Light acts upon the body as a gentle and salu- 
 tary stimulus. It urges to exercise, whilst pri- 
 vation of it induces sleep and inactivity, and dis- 
 poses to obesity. Hence it is, that, in rural eco- 
 nomy, animals which are undergoing the process 
 of fattening are kept in obscurity. When vege- 
 tables are deprived of light, their nutrition is in- 
 terfered with, and they become etiolated. To a 
 certain extent this applies to animals, and there 
 is every reason to believe, that want of light pre- 
 vents the due development of organized bodies. 
 It has been found that, when tadpoles were de- 
 prived of light, they did not undergo the perfect 
 metamorphosis into the frog, but that monstrosi- 
 ties from arrest of development were induced. 
 
 LIGHTNING, Astrape. 
 
 LIGHTS, RISING OF THE, Cynauche tra- 
 chealis. 
 
 LIONE, Line — I. Apre, Linea aspera — I. 
 Blanche, Linea alba — I. Courhe, Curved line — I. 
 Medlane de I'nhdomen, Linea alba — I. Sous-tro- 
 chanterrenne, Linea aspera. 
 
 LIGNIN, from Lignum, 'wood.' Ligneous or 
 woody fibre ; the fibrous structure of vegetable 
 substances 
 
 LIGNUM ALOES, Agallochum— 1. Aspalathi, 
 Agallochum — 1. Benedictum, Guaiacum — 1. Brasi- 
 33 
 
 lianum rubrum, Hasmatoxylon campechianum — ■ 
 1. Cseruleum, Hajmatoxylon campechianum — 1. 
 Campechense, Hajmatoxylon campechianum — 1. 
 Campechianum, Haamatoxylon campechianum — 
 \. Campescanum, Hsematoxylon campechianum — 
 1. Colubrinum, see Strychnos — 1. Febrifugum^ 
 Quassia — 1. Hsematoxyli, Haematoxylon campe- 
 chianum — 1. Indicum, Guaiacum, Hcematoxylou 
 campechianum — 1. Infelix, Sambucus — 1. Nephri- 
 ticum, Guilandina Moringa (the wood) — 1. Pava- 
 nae, Croton tiglium — 1. Quassias, see Quassia — 1. 
 Sanctum, Guaiacum — 1. Sandalinum, see Ptero- 
 carpus santalinus — 1. Sappan, Hamatoxylon cam- 
 pechianum — 1. Serpentum, Ophioxylum serpenti- 
 num — 1. Vitas, Guaiacum. 
 LIGNYODES, Fuliginous. 
 LIGNYS, Fuligo. 
 
 LIG'ULA, XiJi'f/uZa. The clavicle; also, the 
 glottis and epiglottis. A measure containing 
 3 drachms and a scruple, or about half an ounce. 
 Also, a species of bandage or ligature. — Scribo- 
 nius. 
 
 LIGUSTICUM CAPILLA'CEUM, iEthusa 
 meum — 1. Carvi, Carum — 1. Foeniculum, Ane- 
 thum. 
 
 Ligus'ticum Levis'ticum, from KiyvanKos, ap- 
 pertaining to Liguria. Levis'ticum, Laserpitium 
 German'icum, Ligusticum, Angel'ica levis'ticum 
 seu paludapifo'lia, Lavage, (F.) Liceche, Ache 
 des montagnes. The properties of this plant are 
 said to be stimulant, carminative, emmenagogue, 
 &c. 
 
 Ligusticum Meum, ^thusameum — 1. Phellan- 
 drium, Phellandrium aquaticum. 
 
 Ligusticum Podagra'ria, Podagra' riaagopc'- 
 dium, JEgopo'dium piodagraria, Sison podagra'- 
 ria, Pimpinel'la angelicafo'lia, Siimi vulga're, 
 Tragoseli'riuyn angel'ica, Ses'eli cBgopo'dium, An- 
 gel'ica sylvestris, Gout-weed. A British plant, 
 once considered useful in cases of gout. 
 Ligusticum Silaus, Peucedanum silaus. 
 LIGUSTRUM ^GYPTIACUM, Lawsonia in- 
 ermis. 
 
 Ligus'trum Vulga're, Privet, Privy, (F.) 
 Troene. A shrub, which grows wild both in Eu- 
 rope and the United States, usually in hedges. 
 The leaves are astringent and bitter; and the 
 flowers, which are snow-white, and of an agree- 
 able odour, have been employed in decoction in 
 sore throat, and ulcerous stomatitis. The berries 
 are said to be cathartic. 
 LIGYSMA, Distortion. 
 
 LILAC, COMMON, Syringa vulgaris—1. Vul- 
 garis, Syringa vulgaris. 
 LILI, Lilium Paracelsi. 
 
 LILIA'GO. Dim. of Lil'iiim, the lily ; Spi- 
 derwort ; Lilias'trimi. This plant was formerly 
 said to be alexipharmic and carminative. 
 LILIASTRUM, Liliago. 
 
 LIL'IUM CAN' DID UM, L. album, Orinon. 
 The white lily. (F.) Lis hlanc. The infusion of 
 the flowers of the lily in olive oil is emollient, 
 and often applied externally, under the name of 
 Lily oil, (F.) Huile de lis. The scales of the 
 bulb, roasted, are sometimes employed as matu- 
 ratives. 
 
 Lilium Convallium, Convallaria raaialis. 
 Lilium Paracel'si, Tinctu'ra Iletallo'rum, 
 Lili. A medicine employed by Paracelsus. It 
 was prepared by melting in a crucible four ounces 
 of each of the following alloys : Antimony and 
 iron, antimony and tin, antimony and cop>])er, pre- 
 viously mixed with eighteen ounces of nitrate of 
 potassa and as much salt of tartar. The melted 
 mass, when pulverized, was treated with rectified 
 alcohol, which really dissolved only the potassa set 
 at liberty by the decomposition experienced by 
 the nitre and salt of tartar. The Lilium Paracel»\ 
 
LILY 
 
 514 
 
 LINEAMES r 
 
 was used as a cordial. It entered into the com- 
 position of the theriacal elixir, &c. 
 
 LILT, GROUND, Trillium latifolium— 1. May, 
 Convallaria maialis — 1. Pond, Nelumbium lutenm 
 — 1. Pond, White, Nymphssa odorata — 1. Toad, 
 Nymphsea odorata — 1. of the Valley, Convallaria 
 maialis — 1. Water, little, Brasenia hydropeltis — 
 1. Water, sweet, iSi'3^mphsea odorata — 1. Water, 
 sweet-scented, Nymphsea odorata — 1. Water, 
 white, Xymphaja alba — 1. Water, yellow, Nym- 
 X'haja latea — 1. White, Lilium candidum, Nelum- 
 bium lutenm. 
 
 LIMA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of Pern 
 does not ajjpear to be favourable to the genera- 
 tion of consumption ; and Lima would seem to 
 be a good residence for the phthisical valetudina- 
 rian. Many have been benefited by a residence 
 there ; but when they have gone farther south, as 
 to Chili, the effect, according to Dr. 2.1. Bun-ough, 
 has generally been fatal. 
 
 LIMA DENTARIA, Scalprum dentarium. 
 
 LIMACJIEN (E.), from limaron, the cochlea of 
 the ear. A branch of the acoustic or labyriuthic 
 nerve sent to the cochlea. 
 
 LI2IAQ0N, Cochlea, Limax — I. Rampes du, 
 gee Cochlea. 
 
 LIMACUM CORNUA, see Lachrymal puncta. 
 
 LIMANCHIA, Abstinence. 
 
 LIMA'TIO, from lima, 'a file.' Filing: an 
 operation employed by the dentist more espe- 
 cially to prevent immediate contact of the teeth 
 with each other. 
 
 LIMATURA FERRI, Ferri Limatura. 
 
 LIMAX, Relix, Slur/ or Snail, (F.) Lima. 
 fon, Colimacon, Escargot. A syrvijj has been 
 prepiared from these animals, which has been 
 given in phthisis, <Scc. The raw snails have also 
 been taken in consumption. They have been 
 used as food. 
 
 LIMB. Membrum. 
 
 LIMBUS ALVEOLARIS, Alveolar border— 
 1. Luteus retinae, see Foramen centrale — 1. Poste- 
 rior corporis striati, Taenia semicireularis. 
 
 LIME. A fruit like a small lemon, the juice 
 of which is strongly acid, and much used for 
 making punch. It is, also, used in long voyages 
 as an antiscorbutic, <fec. It is a species of lemon, 
 the fruit of Citrus acida. 
 
 Lime, Calx — 1. Carbonate of, Creta — 1. Chloride 
 of, Calcis chloridum — 1. Chlorite of, Calcis chlo- 
 ridum — 1. Chloruret of, Calcis chloridum — 1. Hy- 
 drate of, see Calx — 1. Hypochlorite of, Calcis 
 chloridum — 1. Muriate of, solution of, see Calcis 
 murias — 1. Oxymuriate of, Calcis chloridum — 1. 
 Slaked, see Calx — 1. Sulphuret of, Calcis sulphu- 
 retum — 1. Tree, TUia — 1. Water, Liquor calcis — 
 1. Water, compound, Liquor calcis compositus. 
 
 LIMICUS, Hungry. 
 
 LIMITROPIIES, see Trisplanchnic nerve. 
 
 LIMXE, Marsh. 
 
 LI^IXE'MIC, LimncB'mic, Limnhe'mie, Lim- 
 rtfp'mictis, Limnhas'micui, from ^ifivrj, 'a marsh,' 
 and 'aifja, 'blood.' An epithet given to affections 
 induced by paludal emanations ; (F.) Affections 
 limnheiairpien. 
 
 LIMOCTOX'IA, Abstinence. Abstinence to 
 death. Death from hunger; from Xi//of, 'hunger,' 
 and KTiivoi. 'death.' Suicide br hunger. 
 
 LIMODES, Hungry. 
 
 LIMOX. see Citnia medica. 
 
 LIMuXAOA, Lemonade. 
 
 LIMONADE, Lemonade -I. Gnzeusf, see Le- 
 monade — l. Siche, Lemonade, dry ; see Citric 
 Dcid. 
 
 LTMOXIUM, Statiee Hmonium— 1. Malum, see 
 Citrus medica. 
 
 LIMOXUM BACCA, ss Citrus medica. 
 
 LIMOS, Xi/(Of, 'hunger.' Hence: 
 
 LIMO'SIS, Stomach disease, Morhid appetittm 
 A genus in the class Coeliaca, order Enterica, of 
 Good. 
 
 LiMOSTS Cardialgia Mordens, Cardialgia — 1. 
 Cardialgia s putatoria. Pyrosis — 1. Dysjjepsia, Dys- 
 pepsia — 1. Expers, Anorexia — 1. Expers protraeta. 
 Fasting — 1. Flatus, Flatulence — 1. Helluonuni, 
 Gluttony — 1. Pica, Malacia. 
 
 LIMOTHERAPEI'A, Nestitherapei'a, Keato- 
 therapei'a, Nestiatri'a, Peinotherapi'a, Curatio 
 morhi per ine'diam, from Xtfio;, ' hunger,' and 
 &£pavHa, 'treatment.' Hunger- cure. Cure by 
 fasting. 
 
 LIMUS, Limos. 
 
 LTJV, Linum usitatissimum — I. Grnines de, see 
 Linum usitatissimum — I. Purgatif, Linum cathar- 
 ticum. 
 
 LIN AIRE, Antirhinum linaria. 
 
 LIXAMEXTUM, Linteura. 
 
 LIXARIA, Antirhinum linaria — 1. Cymbala- 
 ria, Antirhinum linaria — 1. Elatine, Antirhinum 
 elatine — 1. Yuli-aris, Antirhinum linaria. 
 
 LIXCTUARIUM, Eclectos. 
 
 LIXCTUS, Eclectos— 1. Albus, Looch album— 
 1. Amj'gdalinus, Looch album — 1. ad Aphthas, 
 Mel boraeis — 1. de Borace, Mel boracis — 1. Com- 
 munis, Looch album. 
 
 LIXDEX TREE, Tilia. 
 
 LIXE, Liii'ea, Gramme, (F.) Llgne. Extent 
 in length, considered without regard to breadth 
 or thickness. As a measure, it means the 12th 
 part of an inch. 
 
 Mediax Ltxe of the Bout is an imaginary 
 
 line supposed to set out from the top of the head 
 
 and to fall between the feet, so as to divide the 
 
 body vertically into two equal and symmetrical 
 
 I parts. 
 
 LIXEA, Line. 
 
 LiNEA Alba, L- A. Ahdom'inis, (F.) Ligne 
 Handle, Ligne mediane de Vuhdomen (Ch.), Can- 
 did'vla ahdom'inis lin'ea, Lin'ea ceutra'lis. A 
 tendinous, strong, atid highly resisting cord: ex- 
 tending from the ensiform cartilage of the ster- 
 num to the symphysis pubis, with the umbilicus 
 near its middle. The liuea alba is formed by the 
 decussation of the aponeurosis of the abdominal 
 muscles ; and its use is to limit the movement of 
 the chest backwards; to prevent it from sej>arat- 
 ingtoo far from the pelvis, and to furnii-h a fix'.'d 
 point for the muscles of the abdomen in their 
 contraction. 
 
 Linea As'pera, (F.) Ligne apre, Ragged ridge. 
 Ligne sous-trochanterienne, (Ch.) A rough pro- 
 jection at the posterior surface of the femur, 
 which gives attachment to muscles. 
 
 Likea Caxdidula Abdominis, L. alba — 1. Cen- 
 tralis, L. alba — 1. Innominata, Ilio-pectinea 
 Linea. 
 
 LIXE.^ SEMILUXA'RES are thelines,which 
 bound the outer margin of the recti muscles of 
 the abdomen. They are formed by the union of 
 the abdominal tendons. The lines which cross 
 these muscles are called Lines transver'scB. 
 
 Lixe.e Tib'i^, An'gnli tih'ice. Sharp lines on 
 the tibia. 
 
 LisE.E TnANSTER.":^, See L. semilunarcs, and 
 Processus teretes. 
 
 LINE AIRE, Linear. 
 
 LIX'EAr.IEXT, Liuromen'ttnn, from linen, 'a 
 line.' A delicate trait observed on the counte- 
 nance, which constitutes its special character, 
 enables us to preserve its image, and is the cause 
 of resemblance to others. A feature. 
 
 Bonnet gave the name Lineament to the first 
 traces of organization in the embryo of man and 
 animals. 
 
LINEAR 
 
 515 
 
 LINIMENTUM 
 
 LLN'EAR, Linea'ris, Linea'rlm. Same ety- 
 mon. (F.) Lineaire. Pathologists apply the epi- 
 thet linear to fractures which are very narrow, 
 and in which the fragments are scarcely sepa- 
 rated. 
 
 LINE'OLAj a diminutive of linea, 'a line.' A 
 email line. 
 
 LraE'OL^ Mamma'eum. The white lines on the 
 breasts. 
 
 LINGUA, Tongue — 1. Boris, Anchusa offici- 
 nalis — 1. Canina, Cynoglossum — 1. Cervina, As- 
 plenium scolopendrium — 1. Exigua, Epiglottis — 
 1. Prognosis ex, Glossomantia — 1. Serpentaria, 
 Ophioglossum yulgatum. 
 
 LijigujE Avis, see Fraxinus excelsior — 1. De- 
 tentor, Glossocatochus — 1. Exoncosis, Glossoncus 
 — 1. Scalpium, Cure-lanffue. 
 
 LIN' G UAL, Lingua'Us, from lingua, 'the 
 tongue.' Relating or belonging to the tongue. 
 
 LiXGiTAL Ar'tert, Arte'ria lingua'lis, arises 
 from tho external carotid ; and, after several tor- 
 tuosities, reaches the base of the tongue, becomes 
 horizontal, and, under the name ^anuie, advances 
 to the tip, where it anastomoses with its fellow. 
 lu its course, it gives off the Dorsalis lingum and 
 subungual. 
 
 Lingual Muscle, Lingua'Us, Basio-glossus 
 (Cowper), Glossia'nus, is a small, long, fasciculus 
 of fibres, hidden beneath the sides of the tongue, 
 between the hyoglossus and styloglossus mus- 
 cles, which are on the outside, and the genioglos- 
 sus, within. This muscle passes from the base to 
 the tip of the tongue; and, at its sides, is con- 
 founded with the muscles just referred to. It 
 shortens the tongue, depresses its point, and can 
 carry it to the right or left side. 
 
 Lingual Nerve is a name which has been 
 given to the ninth pair or hypoglossus. It 
 is, also, a term applied to a branch given off 
 from the Inferior maxillary, or third branch 
 of the fifth pair. Near its origin it anastomoses 
 with, or simply runs close to, the chorda tym- 
 pani. It afterwards gives off a considerable num- 
 ber of filaments, which are distributed to the 
 tongue, and some of which are said to have been 
 even traced as far as the papilla ; — a distribu- 
 tion which has sccasioned it to be regarded as 
 the Gustatory nerve, (F.) Nerf gustatif. 
 
 Lingual Salivary Glands, see Salivary 
 glands. 
 
 Lingual Vein follows nearly the same distri- 
 bution as the artery. It opens into the internal 
 jugular. 
 
 LINGUALIS, Lingual muscle. 
 
 LINGUETTA LAMINOSA, Lingula. 
 
 LINGULA, Ligula. 
 
 Lin'gula, Linguet'fa lamino'sa. A thin, trans- 
 versely grooved lobule of gi'ay substance, de- 
 rived from the anterior border of the cerebellum, 
 which, for a short distance, lies over the velum 
 medullare anterius. 
 
 Lingula Fistulj?, Epiglottis. 
 
 LINI USITATISSIMI SEMINA, see Linum 
 usitatissimum. 
 
 LIN'IMENT, Linimen'tum, Litus, Enchris'ton, 
 Cntachris'ton,Perich'risis, Perichris'ton,Alelph'a, 
 Aleim'ma, Eachris'ta, Frictum, Fricato'rium, In- 
 iinc'tio, from linire, 'to anoint gently,' 'to anoint.' 
 An unctuous medicine, containing usually oil or 
 lard, which is used externally in the form of 
 friction. 
 
 LINIMENT AMMONIACAL, Linimentum 
 ammonias — I. de Carbonate d'Animoniaque, Li- 
 nimentum ammonise carbonatis. 
 
 L IN 121 E N T ANTIHEMORRHOIDALE 
 DE SIEUR ANDRY, (F.) This is formed of 
 Narbonne honey, Olive oil, and Turpentine, 
 
 LINIMENT ANTIPARALYTIQUE, (F.) 
 Composed ot subcarbonate of ammonia, alcoholized 
 oil, black soap, and oil of rosemary. 
 
 Liniment, Antiscrof'ulous, of Hufeland. 
 It is composed oi fresh ox-gall. White Soap, Un- 
 guentuni althm'cB, Volatile oil of petroleum, Car- 
 bonate of ammonia, and Camphor. 
 
 LINIMENT CALCAIRE, Linimentum aquae 
 calcis — 1. Camphor, Linimentum camphorte — I, 
 Campjhre, Linimentum camphorse — 1. of Cantha- 
 rides, camphorated, Linimentum e cantharidibug 
 camphoratum — I. Cantharide camplire, Linimen- 
 tum e cantharidibus camphoratum — I. d'Eau de. 
 chaux, Linimentum aquas calcis — 1. of Lime- 
 water, Linimentum aqute calcis — I. de Mercure, 
 Linimentum hydrarg3'ri — 1. Mercurial, Linimen- 
 tum hydrargyri — I. Oleo-calcaire, Linimentum 
 aquas calcis. ^ 
 
 LINIMENT RE SOL UTIF DE POTT, com- 
 posed of 0(7 of turpentine and muriatic acid. Used 
 in rheumatism, swellings, &c. 
 
 Liniment, Saint John Long's. A liniment 
 used by a celebrated empiric at the commence- 
 ment of the second quarter of the 19th century. 
 It is said to have consisted of oil of turpentine 
 and acetic acid, held in suspension b\' yolk of 
 egg. It was a powerful counter-irritant. 
 
 LINIMENT DE SAVON, Linimentum sapo- 
 nis compositum — I. de Savon opiace,limimentujn 
 saponis et opii. 
 
 LINIMENT SAVONNEUX HYBROSUL- 
 FURE DE^JADELOT. Composed of sulphurct 
 of 2}otass, ^vj ; tohite soaj), Ibij ; oil of 2}'jpj'>li, 
 K)iv ; oil of thyme, ^ij. Used in itch. 
 
 Liniment, Simple, Linimentum simplex — I. 
 Soap, Linimentum saponis — 1. Soap and opium, 
 Linimentum saponis et opii — 1. Soap, compound, 
 Linimentum saponis compos.- — 1. Turpentine, Li- 
 nimentum terebinthina) — 1. of Verdigris, Lini- 
 mentum seruginis — I. de Verf-de-gris, Linimen- 
 tum asruginis — I. Volatil, Linimentum ammonite 
 fortius. 
 
 LINIMENTUM, Liniment. 
 
 Linimen'tum .35ru'ginis, Ox'ymel uEru'ginis, 
 Unguen'tum jEgyptiacum, McUi'tum de aceta'te 
 cupri. Liniment of verdigris, (F.) Liniment de 
 Vert-de-gris, Jliel d'acetate de cuivre. [JErngiii, 
 cont. ^j ; acet. §vij; mellis despjum. pond. ^xiv. 
 Liquefied, strained, and inspissated by boiling. — 
 Ph. L.) It is used as an escharotic and deter- 
 gent; — diluted, as a gargle in venereal ulcera- 
 tions and in foul ulcers. 
 
 LiNiMENTUJt Album, Ceratum eetacei, Unguen- 
 tum eetacei — 1. ad Ambustiones, L. aquee calcis. 
 
 Linimentum Ammo'ni^, Sapjo amwoniaca'lis, 
 Linimen'tum ammonia' tuni seu ammo'nicum sen 
 Anglica'num, Sapio ammo' nien olea'ceus, Unguen'- 
 tum album resol'vens, Oleum ammonia' turn, Lini- 
 mentum ammo'niw. Strong liniment of ammonia, 
 (F.) Liniment volatil ou ammoniacal, Savon am- 
 moniacal. (Liq. amynon. f^j ; olei olivcE, f5ij. 
 Mix. — Ph. U.S.) A stimulating and rubefacient 
 soap. 
 
 LiNniENTUM Ammo'niw Carbona'tis, Liniment 
 of subcarb'onate of ammo'nia. Linimentum am- 
 mo' nice, LinimentU7n volat'ile. Hartshorn and oil. 
 (F.) Liniment de carbonate d'ammoniaque. (.S'c- 
 lut. subcarb. amnion, f^j ; olei oliv. f^iij. Shalie 
 till they unite.) A stimulating liniment, mostly 
 used to relieve rheumatic pains, bruises, <?;c. 
 
 Linimentum Ammoniatum seu Ammonicum, L. 
 ammonias fortis — 1. Anglicanum, L. Ammonia* 
 fortis — 1. ad Aphthas, Mel boracis. 
 
 LiNiirENTUM Aqu^ Calcis, Linimentum Calcic 
 (Ph. U.S.), Oleum lini cum calcc, Sapio calca'riuM, 
 Linimentum ad amhustio'nes. Liniment of limt~ 
 water, (F.) Liniment d'eau de cha-ix, Savon cal- 
 caire, Liniment calcaire, Liniment oleo-calcairo. 
 
LINIMENT UM 
 
 516 
 
 LIP 
 
 (Olei lini, aqua calcis, aa f^ij. Misce.) A 
 cooling and emollient application to burns and 
 scalds. 
 
 LixniEXTUM AncvEi, Unguentum elemi com- 
 positum — 1. de Borate, Mel boracis — 1. Calcis, 
 L. aquEe calcia. 
 
 LlNlitENTUM CAM'PHOBiE, OhumCaw'jyhora'tum, 
 Solu'tio camphorob oleo'sa, Camphor liniment, (F.) 
 Zwiment CampJire, {CamphurcB, ^\Y ; olei olivcB, 
 f,^!j. Dissolve.) It is used as a stimulant and 
 di^cutient. 
 
 LiNiMENTUM Cam'phor^ Compos'itum, Ward's 
 essence for the headach, Compound camphor lini- 
 ment. {Camphor, ^'ly, liq. ammonim, f^ii > spirit, 
 lavand. Oj. — Ph. L.) It is stimulant and ano- 
 dyne. 
 
 LiNiMENTTTJi CANTHAR'inis, Liniment of Spainsh 
 Flies. {Oantharid. in pulv. 3J ; 01. Terebinth. 
 Oss. Digest for three hours by means of a water 
 bath, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Used as an exci- 
 tant liniment in typhus, &c. 
 
 LiNniENTuii E Cantharid'ibus Camphora'- 
 TUM, Campih' orated, liniment of cantJiar'ides, CF .) 
 L. cantharide comphre. {Tinet. cantharid. 3SS ," 
 ■ ol. ami/r)d. dale, giv ; sapon. amyrjd. ^j ; camphor. 
 qSS. Dissolve the camphor in the oil, and add 
 this mixture to the tincture and soap. — Ph. P.) 
 Eubefacient, and discutient. 
 
 LlxiMEXTUil Hydrar'gyri, Mercu'rtnl lini- 
 ment, (F.) L. de Mercure. ( Ung. Hyd. fort., adip. 
 prap. aa ^'vr; camphorce, ^j ; sp. red. gtt. xv; 
 liquor amnion, f^iv. E-ub the camphor with the 
 spirit,- add the ointment and lard 5 and, lastly, 
 gradually add the solution. — Ph. L.) It is used 
 fis a stimulant and discutient to venereal swel- 
 lings, &c. 
 
 iiijfiMENTUjr PLtTMBATTisr, Unguentum plumbi 
 superacetatis — 1. Saponaceum opiatum, L. sapo- 
 nis et opii. 
 
 LlNIMENTUM SAPONA'CEUM HTDROSULPHURA'- 
 
 T^^r. {Common Soap, 500 p. Liquefy in a water 
 )>ath in an earthen vessel; and add white pop])]/ 
 oil, 250 p. Mix intimately, and add dry sulphuret 
 of 2)otass, 100 p. Beat together, and add oil of 
 ■poppy-seed, 750 p. — Ph. P.) In cutaneous aflfee- 
 tions, as psora, herpes, <Sfcc. 
 
 LiNiMEXTu.ir Sapoxato-camphoratum,, L. Sa- 
 ponis camphoratum. 
 
 LixniENTUJt Sapo'nis, Tinctu'ra sapionis cam- 
 ]ilLora'ta(V\\.'[].'&.), Camphorated Tincture of Soap, 
 Soap Liniment. (Sapnnis ooncis. "^'w ; camphor. 
 5ij; 01. llosmarin. f^sa; alcohol, Oij. Digest 
 the soap and alcohol in a water bath, until the 
 fnrmer is dissolved; filter, and add the camphor 
 twid oil. — Ph. U. S.) Used in sprains, bruises, 
 ynd as an embrocation. 
 
 LiNiiiENTUM Sapo'nis Camphora'tum, L. S. 
 Cinpos'itum, L. Sapona'to-camphora'ttim, BaV- 
 Sfjmwn opodeV doc, Tinetura saponis camphora'ta 
 (Ph. U. S.), OpodeV doch, Steer's opodeldoch, (F.) 
 L. de Savon. Compound Soap Liniment. {Sapon. 
 rasur. 5i_v; Camphor. ,^ij ; 01. Bosmarini, f^ss; 
 AqncB, fqiv: Alcohol. Oij. Mix the alcohol and 
 water ; digest the soap in the mixture by means 
 of a water bath, until it is dissolved ; filter, and 
 tiiid the camphor and oil. — (Ph. U. S.) Stimulant 
 and anodyne ; in bruises, local pains, &c. 
 
 Freeman's Bathincj Spirits consist of lin. sapon 
 comp. coloured with Daffy's elixir. 
 
 Jackson's Bathing Spirits differ from Freeman's 
 m the addition of some essential oils. 
 
 LiNDiENTUM Sapo'nis et Opii, L. sapona'ceiim 
 vpia'tum, Soap and opium liniment, Bates's ano- 
 dyne halsam, Balsamum anod'ynum, Tinetura sa- 
 ponis ct opii, (F.) L. de Savon opiace. {Sajjonis 
 duri. ^'iy\ opjii, 3J ; camjihorcB, ,^ij ; olei roris- 
 f.tann. f^ss; alcohol, 0\j. — Ph. E.) Anodyne; 
 in chronic rhettinatism and local pains in general. 
 
 Linimentum SurPLEX, Simj^Ie Liniment. {OL 
 oliv. 4 p. ; cera albm, 1 p. fiat linimentum, — Ph. 
 E.) Emollient; used in chaps, Ac. 
 
 Linimentum Simplex, Unguentum eerse. 
 
 Linimentum Terebin'thiNjE, Turpen'tine lini- 
 ment. ( Cera f. res j'wffi, Ibj ; ol. terebinth. Oss. Melt 
 the cerate and stir in the oil.) A stimulant; ap- 
 plied to burns, <fec. 
 
 LiNnrENTUM YoiATiLE, L. ammonia carbonatis. 
 
 LINN^'A, L. Borea'lis. This plant, called 
 after Linnajus, has a bitter, sub-astringent taste ; 
 and is used, in some places, in the form of fo- 
 mentation, in rheumatic pains. An infusion in 
 milk is used in Switzerland for the cure of 
 sciatica. 
 
 LINOSPERMUM, see Linum usitatissimum. 
 
 LINSEED, see Linum usitatissimum. 
 
 LINT, Carbasus, Linteum. 
 
 LINTEAMEN, Linteum, Pledget. 
 
 LIN'TEUM, Ij. carptum seu rasum, Lintea'- 
 men, 0th' one, Othon'ion, Car'basus, Car'basa, 
 Car'pia, Motos, 3Iote, Motum, Linamen'tum, Til- 
 ma, Xystos, Xysma, Achne, Lint, (F.) Charpie. 
 A soft, flocculent substance, made by scraping 
 old linen cloth, (F.) Charpie r&piee, or by unra- 
 velling old linen cut into small pieces — (F.) Char- 
 p>ie brute; and employed in surgery as a. dressing 
 to wounds, ulcers, &c., either simply or covered 
 with ointment. 
 
 Linteum Carptum, see Linteum — 1. Easum, 
 see Linteum. 
 
 LINUM, see Linum usitatissimum — ^l.Arvense, 
 L. usitatissimum. 
 
 Linum Cathar'ticum, L.min'imum, Chamali'- 
 num, Purging flax or 3Iill mountain, (F.) Lin 
 purgatif. This plant is possessed of cathartic 
 properties, and has a bitterish, disagreeable taste. 
 Dose, J5Jj in substance. 
 
 Linum Crudum, see Apolinosis — 1. Minimum, 
 L. Cathartieum. 
 
 Linum Usitatis'simum, L. arven'se, Common 
 flax, (F.) Lin. The seed, Limnn (Ph. U. S.), 
 Sem'ina lini usitatis'simi, Linosper'mum, Lin- 
 seed, Flaxseed, (F.) Grains de lin, are inodorous, 
 and almost tasteless ; yielding mucOage to warm 
 water, and oil by expression. They are demul- 
 cent and emollient. Linseed, when ground into 
 powder, forms a good emollient poultice. It is 
 only necessary to stir the powder into boiling 
 water. The oil. Oleum lini. Flaxseed oil, (F.) 
 Huile de Lin, is emollient and demulcent. 
 
 LIONBENT, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 LION'S FOOT, Nabalus albus, Prenanthes — 
 1. Tail, Leonurus. 
 
 LIOPODIA, Leiopodes. 
 
 LIOPUS, Leiopus. 
 
 LIP, Sax. and Germ. Lippe, Cheilos,La'hium, 
 Labrum, (F.) Levre. [In Entomology, labium 
 means the lower lip, — labrum, the upper.] The 
 lips are composed of different muscular fasciculi, 
 nerves, and vessels, covered by the skin and mu- 
 cous membrane of the mouth. They circumscribe 
 the anterior aperture of that cavity ; and are in- 
 servient to mastication, pronunciation, <fcc. They 
 are distinguished into upper and hncer — Ano- 
 chei'lon, and Catochci'lon — and are placed in 
 front of each jaw, forming between them the an- 
 terior aperture of the mouth. They unite at each 
 side, and form what arc called the angles or com- 
 missures of the mouth — Chal'ini. Their free edge 
 is covered with a mucous membrane, of a more 
 or less livid red, according to the individual. 
 They receive their arteries from the external 
 carotid. Their veins open into the two jugulars. 
 Their lymphatic vessels descend into the gan- 
 glions situate beneath the chin. Their nerves 
 are derived from the infra-orbitar, mental, and 
 facial. 
 
LIPA 
 
 5ir 
 
 LIQUOR 
 
 , Lips, La'Ma, (F.) Levres cle la vulve, are folds 
 belonging to the genital organs of the female, 
 and distinguished into — 1. Labia piiden'di seu 
 CuHiii seu majo'ra, Episi'a, AIcb puden'di mulie'- 
 bris, Hytrochei'lides, Rupes, AlcB majo'res, Crem'- 
 noi, (F.) Grandes Levres. These are two mem- 
 branous folds, thicker above than below, which 
 limit the vulva laterally, and extend from the in- 
 ferior part of the mons veneris to the perinseum. 
 They unite anteriorly and posteriorly, forming 
 commissures ; the posterior of which is called 
 FourcJietie. Their outer surface is convex ; formed 
 of skin and covered with hair. The inner sur- 
 face is white, and covered by a mucous membrane, 
 continuous with that lining the other parts of the 
 vulva. The space between the skin and mucous 
 m.embrane is filled with a fatty tissue and fibrous 
 bands, some fibres of the constrictor vaginte mus- 
 cle, vessels, and nerves. 
 
 We speak, also, of the lips of a wound, ulcer, 
 &c., when alluding to the edges of these solutions 
 of continuity. 
 
 LIPA, Xt:ra, fat; also, Lippitudo. 
 
 LI'PARA, from Xt7rapo{r, 'fatty,' and Xtira, 'fat.' 
 Plasters, containing much oil or fat. 
 
 LIPARIA, see Polysarca. 
 
 LIPAROCE'LE,Zjpoce7e,from Xivapog, 'fatty,' 
 and Kr/Xri, ' tumour.' Liiio'ma, or fatty tumour 
 of the scrotum, Her'nia pinguedino' sa scroti. 
 
 LIPAROLE, Pomatum, Pommade. 
 
 LIPAROTES, see Polysarcia. 
 
 LIPAROTRICH'IA, from Xnrapo^, 'fat,' and 
 &pi^, 'hair.' Too great oiliness of the hair. 
 
 LIPASMA, see Polysarcia. 
 
 LIPEMANIA, Melancholy, see Lypemania. 
 
 LIPH^MIA, Leiphsemia. 
 
 LIPHiEMOS, Leiphsemos. 
 
 LIPO or LEIPO, Xuttoi, ' I leave,' ' I forsake.' 
 Hence, Leipopsychia, Leipothymia. 
 
 LIPOCELE, Liparocele. 
 
 LIPODERMIA, Aposthia. 
 
 LIPODERMOS, Leipodermos. 
 
 LIPO'MA, Lypo'ma, from Xnroj, 'fat,' 'fatty 
 tumour.' A fatty tumour of an encysted or other 
 character. 
 
 LIPOME'RIA, Leipome'ria, from Xcnru), 'I 
 leave,' and (upoi, a 'part.' Monstrosity from ar- 
 rest of development, or from defect. Deficiency 
 of one or more of the parts of the body ; for ex- 
 ample, where a person has only four fingers. 
 
 LIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 LIPOS, Pinguedo. 
 
 LIPOSIS, see Polj-sareia, 
 
 LIPOTHYMIA, Syncope. 
 
 LIPPA, Ohassie. 
 
 LIPPIA, Adali. 
 
 LIPPITU'DO, Ophthal'mia ehron'ica of some, 
 Lippitiide, Blear-eye, Lappa, Lipa, Xerophthal'- 
 mia, Lema, Leme, Lemos'itas, Gleme, Glama, Gra'- 
 mia. A copious secretion of the sebaceous hu- 
 mour of the eyelids, which renders them gummy. 
 It is owing to a state of chronic inflammation of 
 the tarsal margins; the eyelids being generally 
 red, tumefied, and painful. 
 
 Lippitudo Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 LIPPUS, Ohassieu.r. 
 
 LIPSIS ANIMI, Syncope. 
 
 LIPSOTRICHIA, Alopecia, Calvities. 
 
 L I Q U AM U'M lA, Adeps huma'nus. Human 
 fat — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 LIQUARIUM, Syrupus simplex. 
 
 LIQUATIO, Liquefaction. 
 
 LIQUEFA'CIENT, Liqncfa'ciens, from liquid- 
 us, 'liquid,' and/aecce, 'to make.' A medicinal 
 agent, which seems to have the power of liquefy- 
 
 ing solid depositions. To this class mercury, 
 iodine, &e., have been referred by some. 
 
 LIQUEFACTION, Liqua'tio, Liquefac'tio ; 
 (same etymon.) Transformation of n solid sub- 
 stance into a liquid. It is used particularly in 
 speaking of metals and fatty bodies, see Fusion. 
 
 LIQUEUR B' ALU MINE GOMPOSEE, Li- 
 quor aluminis compos. — I. Arsenicale, Liquor ar- 
 seniealis — I. Fumante de Boyle, AmmoniEe sul- 
 phuretum. Liquor fumans Boylii — Z. Volatile de 
 come de cerf, Liquor volatilis cornu cervi — I. 
 de Cuivre ammoniacal, Liquor cupri ammoniatl 
 — I. de Fer alcaline, Liquor ferri alkalini — I. 
 de Soxis-aeetate de p)lomb, Liquor plumbi sub- 
 acetatis — I. de Potasse, Liquor potasste — I. de 
 Sous-carhonate de potasse, Liquor potassse sub- 
 carbonatis. 
 
 LIQUID, ADHESIVE, MAYNARD'S, Collo- 
 dion — 1. Disinfecting, Burnett's, see Burnett's dis- 
 infecting liquid — 1. Disinfecting, Labarraque's, 
 Liquor sod» chlorinatse — 1. Disinfecting, Le- 
 doyen's, see Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid. 
 
 LIQUIDAMBAR ASPLENIFOLIA, Compto- 
 nia asplenifolia — 1. Officinalis, see Styrax — 1. Pe- 
 regrina, Comptonia asplenifolia. 
 
 Liquidam'bar Styracif'lua, Liquidam'bra, 
 Sweet yum. The name of the tree which affords 
 the Liquid amber and Storax liquida, Styrax li- 
 quida or Liquid storax. Liquid amber is a re- 
 sinous juice of a yellow colour, inclining to red ; 
 at first of about the consistence of turpentine ; by 
 age, hardening into a solid, Lilttle mass. It is 
 not used medicinally. 
 
 Styrax Liquida is obtained from this plant by 
 boiling. There are two sorts, — one more pure 
 than the other. It is used, occasionally, as a 
 stomachic, in the form of plaster. 
 
 LIQUIDUM NERVEUM, Nervous fluid. 
 
 LIQUIRITIA, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 LIQUOR, Liqua'men, Hygron, Hy'grotes, (F.) 
 Liqueur. A name given to many compound li- 
 quids, and especially to those the bases of which 
 are water and alcohol. 
 
 Liquor Acidus Halleri, Elixir acidum Hal- 
 leri — 1. ^thereus. Ether — 1. JEthereus sulphu- 
 ricus, Spiritus astheris sulphurici. 
 
 Liquor Alu'minis Compos'itus, Aqua alu'mi- 
 nis conijjos'ita, Aqua alumino' sa Batea'na, Com- 
 pound solu'tion of Alum, (F.) Liqueur d'alumine 
 composee. (Aluminis, zinci sulphat. sing, ^ss, 
 aqucB fervent. Oij. Dissolve and filter through 
 paper.) Detergent and stimulant. Used as a 
 collyrium, when properly diluted, in ophthalmia; 
 as an injection in gleet, leucorrhoea, &c. 
 
 Liquor Ammo'nije, Liq. ammonice puree, Al'cali 
 ammnni'acum flu'idum, Ammo'nia Uq'uida, A. 
 caus'tica liquida, A. pxtra liquida, Lixiv'ium- 
 ammoniaca'le, Spiritus salis ammoniaci aqno'sus. 
 Aqua ammonicE, Aqua ammonias caus'tica. Liquid 
 ammonia, Solution of ammonia, (F.) Ammoniaque 
 liqnide. (Directed to be made in the Pharm. U. 
 S. from muriate of Ammonia, in fine powder ; and 
 Lime, each a pound ; distilled water a pint; icater, 
 nine fluidounees. The water is employed to slake 
 the lime ; this is mixed with the muriate of am- 
 monia and put into a glass retort in a sand-bath. 
 Heat is applied so as to drive off the ammonia, 
 which is made to pass into a quart bottle contain- 
 ing the distilled water. To every ounce of the 
 product three and a half fluidrachms of distilled 
 water are added, or as :iiuch as may be necessary 
 to raise its s. g. to 0.96. This Liquor Ammonias 
 may also be made by mixing one part of liquor 
 ammonise fortior with two parts of distilled water. 
 (Ph. U. S. 1842.) Its s. g. is 0.960. Liquor 
 Ammonia fortior, Stronger solution of ammo- 
 nia (Ph. U. S.) is an aqueous solution ot wnmnnia 
 
LIQUOR 
 
 518 
 
 LIQUOR 
 
 of tie s. g. 0.882. Liquor ammonias is stimulant, 
 antacid, and rubefacient. Dose gtt. to xx, in 
 water or milk. 
 
 Liquor Ammonia Aceta'tis, Al'cali ammom'- 
 acum aceta'tum, Alcali volat'ile aceta'tum, Aqua 
 aceta'tis amnio' nicB, Solution of acetate of ammo- 
 nift, Aqua ammo'nicB aceta'tm, Ace'taa ammonim, 
 i^'pirit of Jfindere'rus, Sal ammoni' aeum vegc.tah' - 
 He, S2)ir'itus ojyhthal' miens 3Iindere'ri, Sal aceto'- 
 SHS ammoniaca'iis. {Acid, acetic, dibit. Oij, Am- 
 ■mon. carhonat. in puly. add the salt to the acid 
 until it is saturated. Ph. U. S. 1851.) A sudorific j 
 Kj-.ternalhj, cooling. Dose, f^ij to f^iss. 
 
 Liquor Ammonite Subcarbona'tis, Solu'tio 
 iJiLcarhonntis ammonia, Aqaa carbonatis ammo- 
 jiicE, Solution of subcarbonate of ammonia. [Am- 
 rnonicB carbon, ^iv, aqua destillat. Oj. Dissolve 
 and filter through paper.) Use; — the same as 
 that of the carbonate of ammonia. 
 
 Liquor Amjionii Hydrothiodis, Ammoniae 
 sulphuretum — 1. ex Ammonia et oleo succini, 
 Spiritus ammoniae succLnatus — 1. Ammonii vino- 
 sus, Spiritus ammoniae. 
 
 Liquor Am'nii, Aqua amnii. The liquor of the 
 amnios. (F.) Eaux de I'amnios. The fluid ex- 
 haled by the amnios, and which envelops the foe- 
 tus during the whole period of utero-gestation. 
 It is often simply called the waters, (F.) Les Eaux. 
 Its relative quantity diminishes as pregnancy ad- 
 vances, although its absolute quantity continues 
 to increase till the period of delivery. In some 
 women only five or six ounces are met with : in 
 others, it amounts to pints. It is limpid, yellow- 
 ish, or whitish ; exhales a faint smell, and has a 
 slightly saline taste. It contains water in con- 
 siderable quantity ,• albumen; chloride of sodium; 
 phosphate of lime; an alkaline substance; and 
 a particular acid. It facilitates the dilatation 
 of the uterus, and aids delivery by acting as a 
 soft wedge enclosed in its membranes, Poehe dex 
 Eaux, &c. It is probably inservient to useful 
 purposes in the nutrition of the foetus. 
 
 Liquor Amnii, False. The fluid contained 
 between the amnion and chorion in the early 
 periods of foetal existence. 
 
 Liquor, Anodyne, Hoffmann's, Spiritus aethe- 
 ris sulphurici compositus — 1. Anodynus martialis, 
 Alcohol sulphurico-aethereus ferri. 
 
 Liquor Anod'ynus Terebinthina'tus. A for- 
 mula prescribed by Eademacher in cases of gall- 
 stone, and of obstructions and indurations of the 
 liver and sjileen. It was composed oi Hoffmann' e 
 anodyne liquor § j ; rectified oil of turpentine ^ij. 
 Dose 5 to 10 drops. It resembles the Bemede de 
 Durand. 
 
 Liquor Arsenica'lis, L. potas'sce arseni'tia 
 (Ph. U. S.), Solu'tio arsenicalis, S. arsenica'ta, S. 
 o/rseni'tis kal'iccB, Arsen'ical solution, ilin'ercd 
 solvent, Ar'senis 2}otas'8(B liq'uidua, Ar'aenis potas- 
 SCB aquo'aus. Fowler's sohition of arsenic, Solvens 
 minera'le, Ital'ian poison, Aqua Tofa'na, Aqua 
 Toffa'nia, Acqun delta Toffana, Acqua di Najjoli, 
 Acquct'ta (?), Tasteleaa ague drop, (F.) Liqueur 
 areenicale. {Acid. ^rseHi'os. in frustulis, po?a««<E 
 carbonatis pur., sing. gr. Ixiv., aqua destillat. q. 
 S. Boil together the arsenious acid and carbonate 
 of potassa with twelve fluidounees of distilled 
 water, in a glass vessel, until the arsenic is dis- 
 solved. When the solution is cold, add Spirit, 
 lavand. c. i^vf, and as much distilled water as 
 will make the whole one pint. Ph. U. S.) f^j 
 contains gr. ss of the arsenious acid. Dose, gtt. xx. 
 Liquor Arsenici et Hydrargyri Iodidi, see 
 Arsenic and Mercury, iodide of — 1. Barii chloridi, 
 Baryta, muriate, solution of — l.Bellosti, L.Hydrar- 
 j;yri nitrici — 1 Calcii chloridi, see Calcis murias. 
 Liquor Calcis, Solu'tio calcia. Aqua calcis. 
 Aqua benedic'ta, Calca'ria pura liq'uida, Aqua 
 
 calca'ricBUsfcB, Solution of Lime, Lime Water, (F.) 
 Eaudechaux. {Calcis ^iv. aq. deatill. cong. Pour 
 the water on the lime, and stir. Let it stand in 
 a covered vessel three hours ; bottle the lime and 
 water in stojjped bottles, and use the clear solu- 
 tion.) It is astringent, tonic, and antacid ; and 
 is used in diarrhoea, diabetes, heartburn, &c., and 
 as a lotion to foul and cancerous ulcers, Sec. 
 Dose, §ij to Oss, in milk. 
 
 Liquor Calcis Compos'itus, Aqua calcis com- 
 pos'ita. Compound lime water. Aqua benedic'ta 
 compos'ita, (F.) Eau de chanx com2wse. {Lign. 
 guaiac. ras. Ibss, rad. glycyrrh. g j, cort. sassafras, 
 5ss; semin. coriand. ^ij, liquor calcia, Ovj. Ma- 
 cerate for two days, and filter.) It is stimulant, 
 diaphoretic, and astringent, and is used in cuta- 
 neous affections. 
 
 Liquor Calcis Muriatis, see Calcis murias — 
 1. Cereris, Cerevisia — 1. Chloreti natri, L. sodae 
 chlorinatae — 1. Chlorini, see Chlorine — 1. Chloru- 
 reti natri, L. Sodae chlorinataa — 1. Chlorureti soda?, 
 L. sodae chlorinatse. 
 
 Liquor Cupri Ammonia'ti, Aqua cupri ammo- 
 nia'ti. Aqua aappjhari'na. Blue eyewater. Solution 
 of ammoniated cop2Jer ; (F.) Liqueur ou Eau de 
 cuivre ammoniacal. {Cu])ri ammoniat. Jj. aqua 
 deatill. Oj. Dissolve and filter the solution through 
 paper. Ph. L.) Corrosive and detergent. Used 
 externally to foul ulcers; and diluted with an 
 equal part of distilled water, it is applied by means 
 of a hair pencil to specks and films on the eye. 
 
 Liquor Cupri Sulpha'tis Compos'itus, Aqua 
 cupri vitriola'ti composita. {Cu2)ri aulphat., ulu- 
 min. sul2)hat. aa §iij, aqua 2}Uf<B Oij, acid sul2ih. 
 gij. Boil the salts in the water until they aro 
 dissolved ; then filter the liquor, and add the acid.) 
 Used as an astringent in epistaxis, &c. It was 
 also called Aqua Stypj'tica. 
 
 Liquor Cyreniacus, Benjamin — 1. Excitans, 
 Spiritus ammoniae succinatus. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Alkali'iti, Sohition of Allaline 
 Iron, (F.) Liqueur defer alcaline. {Ferri ^iiss, 
 acid. nitric, ^ij, aqua destillat. fgyj. liq. 2'otass. 
 subcarb. f^vj. To the acid and water mixed, 
 add the iron; and, after the effervescence, add 
 the clear solution, gradually, to the liq. pjotassa 
 subcarb.; shaking it occasionally till it assumes 
 a deep brown-red colour, and the effervescence 
 stops. After six hours' settling, pour ofl' the clear 
 solution. Ph. L.) It is tonic, like other prepa- 
 rations of iron. Dose, f Jss to f giss. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Io'didi, Solution of Iodide of 
 Iron, Syru'pus Ferri io'didi, Syrup of I'odide of 
 Iron. {lodin. ^ij, Ferri rament. 3J, Sacchur. 
 23ulv. ^xij, Aqua destillat. q. s. Mix the iodine 
 with f5X of the distilled water, in a porcelain or 
 glass vessel, and gradually add the iron filings, 
 constantly stirring. Heat the mixture gently 
 until the liquor acquires a light greenish colour; 
 then, having added the sugar, continue the heat 
 a short time, and filter. Lastly, pour distilled 
 water upon the filter, and allow it to pass until 
 the whole of the filtered liquor measures twenty 
 fluidounees. Keep the solution in closely stopped 
 bottles.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, 10 to 30 drops. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Muriatis, Tinctura ferri mu- 
 riatis. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Nitra'tis, L. F. Sesquinitra'tis 
 seu ternitra'tis, Solu'tio Ferri nitra'tis. Solution 
 of nitrate, ternitrafe of aesquioxide, or sesquini- 
 trate of iron, has been recommended in chronic 
 diarrhoea and dysentery. Its vu'tues exactly re- 
 semble those of chloride of iron. It is prepared 
 as follows: — Ferri fli, ineis. 5J, Acid, nitric. 
 f^iij, Aq. destillat. q. s. Mix the acid and a pint 
 of distilled water, until gas ceases to be given 
 off; filter, and add distilled water to make f5xi*> 
 —Ph. U. S.) Dose, 10 to 20 drops. 
 
LIQUOR 
 
 519 
 
 LIQUOR 
 
 Liquor Fumaxs Boy'lii, Sulphure'tum Ammo'- 
 nim Hydrof/ena'tum, Hydrosulpliure'tum Ammo- 
 ma, Tinctu'ra Sul'phuris Volnt'ilis, Aqua Sul- 
 phure'ti Ammonia, Boyle's Fuming liquor, (F.) 
 Liqueur fumante de Boyle. It is possessed of 
 nauseating and emetic properties, and has been 
 given in diabetes and diseases of excitement as a 
 deojcygenizer 1 
 
 Liquor Fujiixg, Boyle's, Liquor fumans Boy- 
 lii — 1. Fuming, of Libavius, Tin, muriate of — 1. 
 Genital, Sperm — 1. of Hartshorn, volatile. Liquor 
 volatilis cornu cervi — 1. Hydrargyri Biehloridi, 
 Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — 1. Hj'drargyri 
 chloridi corrosivi, L. hydrargyri oxymuriatis — 
 1. Hydrargyri et arsenici iodidi, see Arsenic and 
 Mercury, iodide of. 
 
 Liquor Hydrar'gyri Nitrici, L. Bellosti, (F.) 
 Eaii mercurielle, Eau contre la gangrene, Eemede 
 du Due d'Antin, R. du Capucin, [Hydrarg. 120 
 p., acid nitr. (33°,) 150 p. Dissolve, and add to 
 the solution, distilled water, 900 p. Ph. P.) Dose, 
 two or three drops in a glass of water. Not much 
 used. 
 
 Liquor Hybrar'gyri Oxyjiuria'tis, Liquor 
 Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridi corrosi'vi, L. Hydrar'gyri 
 biehloridi, Solu'tion of Oxymuriate of 2Iercury, 
 Liquor Swietenis, L. Syphilit'icus Turneri, 3Iu'- 
 rias hydrargyri spirituo'sus liq'uidus, Solutio 
 Muria'tis hydrar'gyri oxygenati, Liquor or Solu- 
 tion of Corro'sive Sab'limate or of Van Sicieten. 
 (Hyd. oxym. gr. viij, aqua destill. f^xv, sp. rect. 
 fjj. Dissolve in the water and add the spirit. 
 Ph. P.) Dose, f^ss, or f^j. 
 
 Norton's Drops, Green's Drops, and Solomon's 
 Anti-Imiyetig" enes — all nostrums — -seem to be dis- 
 guised solutions of Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 Liquor Hydrargyri Supernitratis, see Hy- 
 drargyri nitras — 1. Hydriodatis Arsenici et Hy- 
 drargyri, Arsenic and mercury, iodide of. 
 
 Liquor Io'dini Compos'itus, (Ph. U. S. 1842,) 
 Liquor lodin'ii eompos'itus, (Ph. U. S. 1851,) So- 
 lu'tio Potaa'sii lo'didi lodure'ta. Compound Solu- 
 tion of Iodine, Lugol's Solution. [lodin. qVJ, 
 Potass, iodid. ^iss, Aqua destillat. Oj. Dissolve 
 the iodine and iodide of potassium in the water. 
 — Ph. U. S.) Dose, gtt. vj. ad xij, in sugared 
 water. 
 
 Liquor Lithargyri Subacetatis, L. plumbi 
 subacetatis — 1. Lithargyri subacetatis compositus, 
 Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 Liquor op Monro, Solution of Monro. A so- 
 lution, used by Monro for the preservation of 
 anatomical preparations. It was composed of 
 alcohol at 22° or 24°, with a drachm of nitric 
 acid to each pint. 
 
 Liquor Morgag'nii. The small quantity of 
 fluid contained within the capsule of the crystal- 
 line lens. 
 
 Liquor Morphi'nje seu Morphia Aceta'tis, 
 Solution of Acetate of Morphia, An'odyne Drops. 
 [Acetate of morphia, gr. svj, distilled water, f^vj, 
 dilute acetic acid, f^ijO Dose, from six to 
 twenty-four drops. 
 
 Liquor Morphi'n^ seu Mor'phi^ Sulpha'- 
 TIS, Solution of Sulphate of 3ror2)hia. (^Morphia 
 sulphat. gr. viij, aqua destillat. Oss. Dissolve 
 the sulphate of morphia in the water. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f^j to fjij — containing from an eighth to 
 a quarter of a grain. 
 
 Liquor Xatri Oxymuriatici, L. Soda^ ehlori- 
 natse — 1. Nervinus Bangii, Tinctura ajtherea 
 camphorata — 1. Oleosus Sylvii, Spiritus ammo- 
 Dia3 aromatieus — 1. Opii sedativus, (Haden's,) see 
 Tinctura opii. 
 
 Liquor Opii Sedati'vus. An empirical pre- 
 paration by a London druggist of the name of 
 
 Battley. It is said to be an aqueous solution 
 of opium, evaporated to dryness to get rid 
 of the acid resin, re-dissolved in water, and 
 a small portion of alcohol added to give it per- 
 manence. — Redwood. It is devoid of many of 
 the narcotic effects of opium. 
 
 Liquor Oyi Albus, Albumen ovi — 1. Pancrea- 
 ticus, see Pancreas — 1. Pericardii, see Pericar- 
 dium — 1. Plumbi acetatis, L. P. subacetatis — 1. 
 Plumbi diacetatis. Liquor Plumbi subacetatis. 
 
 Liquor Plumbi Subaceta'tis, Liquor Subace- 
 ta'tis Lithar'gyri, Solution of Subacetate of Lead, 
 Liquor Plumbi Aceta'tis, L. P. Diaceta'tis, Gou- 
 lard's Extrac'tum Satur'7ii, Lithar'gyri Ace'tum, 
 (F.) Liqueur de sous-acetate de Plomb. (Plumb, 
 acet. .^xvj. Plumb, oxid. semivitr. in pulv. subtil, 
 ^ixss, aq. destillat. Oiv. Boil together in a glass 
 or porcelain vessel, for half an hour, occasionally 
 adding distilled water, so as to preserve the mea- 
 sure. Filter through paper, and keep the solu- 
 tion in closely stopped bottles. — Ph. V. S.) It is 
 used externally as a cooling astringent, and dis- 
 cutient, when diluted with distilled water. 
 
 Liquor Plujibi Subaceta'tis Dilu'tus, Li- 
 quor Subaceta'tis Lithar'gyri Compjos'itus, Aqua 
 Satur'ni, Ace'tas Plumbi dilu'tum alcohol'icum. 
 Diluted Solu'tion of Subac"etate of Lead, Aqua 
 veg" eto-minera' lis, Tinctu'ra plumbo'sn, Aqua Li- 
 thar'gyri Aeeta'ti compos'ita, Liquor Plumbi Ace- 
 ta'tis dilu'tus, Goulard water, (F.) Eau, blanche, 
 Eau de Goulard, Eau vegeto-minerale, White 
 Wash, Royal Preventive. (Liq. plumbi subacet. 
 f^ij, aqua destillat. Oj. Ph. U. S.) Properties 
 the same as the last, but feebler. 
 
 Liquor Potas'sje, Aqua Potas'sa, Aqua Kali 
 Oaust'ici, Solution of Potash or of Potassa, Lix~ 
 iv'ium ynagistra'le, L. Sapona'rium, Soap Lees, 
 Aqua Kali puri. Soap Ley, Lixiv'ium cau'sticum, 
 Potas'sa liq'uida, (F.) Eau, solution ou liqueur de 
 Potasse, Potasse liquide, Lessive des Savonniers. 
 {Potassa carb. Ibj, calcis Ibss, aqua destill. fer- 
 vent, congium. Dissolve the alkali in Oij of the 
 water, and add the. remainder of the lime. Mis 
 the whole : set aside in a close vessel, and, when 
 cold, filter through calico. Ph. L.) It is anti- 
 lithic in cases of uric acid calculi, and antacid. 
 Externally, stimulant and escharotic. Dose, gtt. 
 X to XX. 
 
 Liquor Potass.e Arsenitis, L. arsenicalis — • 
 1. PotassEe Carbonatis, L. P. Subearbonatis. 
 
 Liquor Potass^ Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate 
 of Potassa, Neutral Mixture, Saline Mixture. 
 {Succ. Limon. Oss, Potass. Bicarbonat. q. s.) sa- 
 turate by the carbonate of potassa, and filter,- or. 
 Acid. Citric ^ss; 01. Limon. f^. iy, Aqua Oss, 
 Potass. Bicarbonat. q. s. ; dissolve, saturate by 
 the carbonate of potassa, and filter. Ph. U. S.) 
 Used in fever, but probably of little or no eiScacy. 
 
 Liquor Potass^ Subcarboxa'tis, L. P. Car- 
 bonatis (Ph. U. S.), Aqua Subearbonatis Kali, 
 O'leum Tar' tari per deliq'uium, Aqua Kali, Lix- 
 iv'ium Tartari, Aqua Kali prapara'ti, Oil of 
 Tartar, Saline oil of Tartar, Solu'tion of Subcar'- 
 bonate of Potass, (F.) Liqueur de sou^-carbonute 
 de Potasse, Lessive de Turtre, [Potass, subcarb. 
 ibj, aqua destillat. f^xij. Dissolve and filter.) 
 Dose, gtt. X to XXX. 
 
 Liquor Potassii Iodidi seu Potass^e Hydri- 
 ODA'tis, Solution of Iodide of Potassium or of 
 Hydriodate of Potass. (Potassii iodid. gr. 36, 
 aqua destillat. f^j.) Dose, gtt. xs, three times 
 a day. 
 
 Liquor, Propagatory, Sperm — 1. Prostaxicus, 
 Prostatic liquor — 1. Puris, see Pus. 
 
 Liquor Saxg'uixis. A term given by Dr. 
 Babington to one of the constituents of the 
 blood," the other being the red particles. ITa 
 considers, from bi= experiments *Jiat fibrin oiid 
 
LIQUORICE 
 
 520 
 
 LITHODRASSIC 
 
 geTim do not exist as such in circulating blood, 
 bui that the Liquor Sanguinis — Plasma, of 
 Schultz, Coagulahle or plastic Lymph, the Ifuca- 
 go or Mucilage of Harvey, Hewson and others — 
 when removed from the circulation and no longer 
 subjected to the laws of life, has then, and not 
 before, the property of separating into fibrin and 
 serum. It is the oxyprotein of the liquor san- 
 guinis, after the red particles have subsided, 
 and, according to Mulder, forms the bufiy coat 
 of inflammatory blood. 
 
 LiQUOE OF Scarpa, Vitrine auditive. 
 
 Liquor Sem'inis. The homogeneous, transpa- 
 rent fluid, in which the spermatozoa and seminal 
 granules are suspended. — Wagner. See Sperm. 
 
 Liquor Sod^ Chloridi, L. sodae chlorinates. 
 
 Liquor Sod^ Chlorina't^, L. socIcb cMo'ridi, 
 L. sodee oxymttriat'icm, L. chlore'ti natri, L. chlo- 
 rureti natri, L. ehloreti soda, L. chlorwe'ti sodts, 
 Natrum cMora'tum liq'uidum, L. natri oxymuri- 
 at'ici. Aqua natri oxymuriat'ici, Laharraque's 
 Disinfecting Liquid, Solutiofi of Chloriiiated 
 iSoda. (Calcis Ohlorinat. R) j ,• Sodm Carhonat. 
 ftiij ; Aqua cong. iss. Dissolve the carbonate of 
 soda in three pints of the water, with the aid of 
 heat. To the remainder of the water add, by 
 small portions at a time, the chlorinated lime, 
 previously well triturated, stirring the mixture 
 after each addition. Set the mixture by for se- 
 veral hours, that the dregs may subside ; decant 
 the clear liquid, and mix it with the solution of 
 carbonate of soda. Lastly, decant the clear li- 
 quor from the precipitated carbonate of lime, pass 
 it through a linen cloth, and keep it in bottles 
 secluded from the light ; Ph. U. S.) Used in the 
 same cases as the chloride of lime. Internally, 
 10 drops to a fluidrachm, for a dose. Diluted 
 with water, it is an excitant and disinfectant in 
 various morhi externi. 
 
 Liquor Sod^ Efpertescens, Acidulous wa- 
 ter, simple — 1. Sodse Oxymuriaticse, L. sodae 
 shlorinatae — 1. Stypticus Ruspini, Styptic, Ruspi- 
 ni's — 1. Sulphuricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus setheris 
 sulphuric! — 1. Swietenis, L. hydrargyri oxymu- 
 riatis — 1. Syphiliticus Turneri, L. hydrargyri 
 oxymuriatis — 1. Tartari emetici, Vinum antimonii 
 tartarizati — 1. of Van Swieten, L. hydrargyri 
 oxymuriatis. 
 
 Liquor Volat'ilis Cornu Cervi, L. volnt'ilis 
 Cornu Cervi'ni, Vol'atile Liquor of Hartxhorn, 
 Spir'itus Lumbrico'rum, Spir'itus Ifillepeda'rnm, 
 Spir'itus Cornu Cervi, Liquor volat'ilis os'sium ; 
 Hartshorn, Spirit of Hartshorn, Bone Spirit, (F.) 
 Liqueur volatile de Come de cerf. This is a so- 
 lution of subcarbonate of ammonia, impregnated 
 with empyreumatic oil. It possesses the same 
 virtues as the subcarbonate of ammonia. It is in 
 common use to smell at, in faintings, &c. 
 
 Liquor Volatilis Ossium, L. volatilis cornu 
 cervi. 
 
 Liquor Zinci Sulpha 'tis cum Camph'ora, 
 Aqua Zinci vitriola'ti cum Camphord, Aqua vi- 
 triol'ica camphora'ta, Aqiia opihthal' mica. Com- 
 mon Eye Water. {Zinci sulph. ^ss, camphor, ^ij, 
 aq. hulUent. Oij ; dissolve and filter.) Used as a 
 lotion for ulcers ; or, diluted with water, as a col- 
 ly rium. 
 
 LIQUORICE, Glycyrrhiza — 1. Bush, Abrus 
 precatorius — 1. Juice, see Glycyrrhiza — 1. Re- 
 lined, Extractum glycyrrhizie — 1. Spanish, see 
 Glycyrrhiza— 1. Wild, Aralia nudicaulis, Galium 
 circaizans. 
 
 LIQUORITIA. Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 ^IRIODEN'DRON, Liriodendron tulipif'cra, 
 TxiUiiif'era Lirioden'dron, Old wife's shirt, Tulip 
 Tree, Poplar Tree, Tulip-bearing Poplar, Aineri- 
 jan Poplar, White Wood, Cypress Tree, (New 
 England,) (F.) Tul'pier. The bark — Lirioden- 
 
 dron (Ph. U. S.) — especially of the root, of this 
 noble forest tree, which is indigenous in the 
 United States, is a strong aromatic bitter, and 
 has been employed advantageously as a tonic. 
 An active principle was separated from it by Pro- 
 fessor J. P. Emmet of the University of Virginia, 
 and has been called Lirioden' drin. It is not 
 used in medicine. 
 
 LIS BLANC, Lilium candidum — I. Asphodele, 
 Asphodelus ramosus. 
 
 LISERON, GRAND, Convolvulus senium — 
 I. des Haies, Convolvulus sepium — I. Mechameeh, 
 Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER, see Spa- 
 radrapum adhtesivum. 
 
 LITE, Aixj?. A plaster, formerly made of ver- 
 digris, wax, and resin. — Galen. 
 
 LITHAGO'GUM, from A<0o?, 'a stone,' and 
 ayti), ' I expel.' A remedy which was supposed 
 to possess the power of expelling calculi. Also, 
 a lithotomy forceps. 
 
 LITHANTHRAX, Carbo fossilis. 
 
 LITHANTHROKOKALL Anthrakokali. 
 
 LITHARGE, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum — 1. 
 of Gold, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum — 1. of 
 Silver, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 LITHARGYRI ACETUM,Liquorplumbi sub- 
 acetatis. 
 
 LITHARGYRUM, Plumbi oxydum semivi- 
 treum. 
 
 LITHARGYRUS, Plumbi oxydum semivi- 
 treum. 
 
 LITHAS, Urate. 
 
 LITHATE, Urate— 1. of Soda, Urate of soda, 
 
 LITHEC'TASY, from lidos, 'a stone,' and 
 tfcrao-if, 'dilatation;' Cystec'tasy. An operation 
 which consists in extracting stone from the blad- 
 der by dilating the neck of the organ, after mak- 
 ing an incision in the perineum, and opening the 
 membranous portion of the urethra. 
 
 LITH'IA, Lithi'asis, Lithogen'ia, Uri'asis, 
 Urolithi'asis, Cachex'ia calculo'sa, Cal'etdi Mor- 
 bus, Lapyilla'tio, Genera' tio cal'etdi, from ItOos, ' a 
 stone.' The formation of stone, gravel, or con- 
 cretions in the human body. Also, an affection 
 in which the eyelids are edged with small, hard, 
 and stone-like concretions. 
 
 LiTu'iA, Car'bonate of, Lith'icB Car'bonas, 
 (F.) Carbonate de Lithine. A salt found in cer- 
 tain mineral waters, which have been serviceable 
 in lithuria. Hence, it has been suggested in that 
 morbid condition. 
 
 LiTHiA Renalis Arexosa, Gravel — 1. Renalis, 
 Nephrolithiasis — 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, vesical. 
 
 LITHIA CARBONAS, Lithia, carbonate of. 
 
 LITHIASIS, Lithia — 1. Cystica, Calculi, ve- 
 sical — 1. Nephretica, Gravel, Nephrolithiasis. 
 
 Lithi'asis Pulmo'num, Pulmo'nes tartariza'ti. 
 The formation of concretions in the lungs, occa- 
 sioning at times Phthisis calculo'sa, Phthisic cal- 
 culeuse, of Bayle. 
 
 Lithiasis Renalis Arenosa, Gravel — 1. Re- 
 nalis, Nephrolithiasis — 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, ve- 
 sical. 
 
 LITHIC, Lith'icus. Same etymon. Belong- 
 ing to lithic or uric acid, or to stone : hence 
 Lithic Diath'esis. Also, an antilithie. 
 
 Lithic Acid, Uric acid — 1. Acid diathesis, Li. 
 thuria — 1. Diathesis, Lithuria — 1. Sediments, seo 
 Lithuria. 
 
 LITHINE, CARBONATE DE, Lithia, car- 
 bonate of. 
 
 LITHIURTA. Lithuria. 
 
 LTTHOCENOSIS. Lithotrity. 
 
 LITnOCYSTOTOJIY, Litliotomy. 
 
 LITIIODIALYSrS, Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHODRAS'SIC, Lithodras'sicus, (F.) Zitho. 
 
LITIEOGENIA 
 
 521 
 
 LITHOTOMY 
 
 draaslque, from \iQog, 'a stone,' and_ ^pacro-Eiv, 'to 
 seize hold of.' An epithet given to a form of 
 stone forceps — Pince lithodrassique — used in the 
 operation of lithotrity, by MM. Meirieu and Tan- 
 chou. 
 
 LITHOGENIA, Lithia. 
 
 LITHOID, Litho'des, LitTioV des ,■ from \iQog, 
 ' stone,' and £i5of, ' resemblance.' Of the nature 
 of stone, or resembling stone : as 
 
 LITHOIDES OS, see Temporal bone. 
 ! LITEOLABE, (F.) Lithol'abum. An instru- 
 iment, employed for laying hold of a stone in the 
 bladder, and keeping it fixed, so that lithotritic 
 instruments can act upon it. 
 
 LITHOLABON, Forceps, (Lithotomy.) 
 LITHOL'ABUM, from Xidug, 'a stone,' and 
 Xajifiavui, 'I seize.' An instrument concerned in 
 extracting stone from the bladder. It had va- 
 rious shapes. — Fabricius ab Aquapendente, Hil- 
 danus. See Litholabe. 
 
 LITHOME'TRA, from At0oy, 'a stone,' and 
 fir^rpa, 'the uterus.' Osseous, or other concre- 
 tions of the uterus. 
 
 LITHONLYTIC, Lithontriptic. 
 LITHONTHRYPTIO, Lithontriptic. 
 LITHONTRIP'TIC, Lithontrip'ticus, Lithon- 
 tliryp'tic, Litlionlyt' ic, Calcidif'ragxis, Saxif'ra- 
 gus, from Xidog, ' a stone,' and Opuffru, ' I break 
 in pieces.' A remedy believed to be capable of 
 dissolving calculi in the urinary passages. There 
 is not much reliance to be placed upon such re- 
 medies. By antilithics, exhibited according to 
 the chemical character of the calculus (see Cal- 
 culi, urinary,) the disease may be prevented from 
 increasing; but most of the vaunted lithontriptics 
 for dissolving the calculus already formed have 
 been found unworthy of the high encomiums 
 which have accompanied their introduction. 
 
 LITHOP^'DION, Infans lajn'de'us, Osteopm'- 
 dion, from Xi&o?, ' a stone,' and najj, ' a child.' 
 A foetus, petrified in the body of the mother. 
 LITHOPRINIE, Lithotrity. 
 LITHOPRIONE, from AtSoj, 'a stone,' and 
 irpioji/, 'a saw.' An instrument proposed by M. 
 Leroyfor preventing the fragments of a calculus, 
 ■when subjected to lithotrity, from falling into the 
 bladder. It is a variety of litholabe. 
 
 LITHOEINEUR, from AtOoj, 'a stone,' and 
 gtvuv, 'to file.' An ins.trument, proposed by MM. 
 Meirieu and Tanchou for filing down calculi in 
 the bladder. 
 
 LITHOS, Calculus. 
 
 LITHOSPBR'MUM OFFICINA'LE, IRl'iwn 
 Soli's, JEgon'ychon, Gromwell, Bastard Al'kanet, 
 (F.) Gremil officinal, Herhe aux Perles. The 
 seeds of this plant were formerly supposed, from 
 their stony hardness, (XtSoj, 'a stone,' and a-irepjjia, 
 ' seed,') to be efiicacious in calculous affections. 
 They have, also, been considered diuretic. 
 LiTHOSPERMUM ViLLOSUM, Anchusa tinctoria. 
 LITIIOTERE'THRUM, from XiOos, 'stone,' 
 and Tepuv, 'to rub.' A lithotritor. 
 LITHOTHRYPSIS, Lithotrity. 
 LITIIOTHRYPTORS, see Lithotrity. 
 LITHOTOME, Lithot'omus, from X(5oy, 'a 
 stone,' and rf^i/iu, ' I cut.' This name has been 
 given to a number of instruments of different 
 shapes and sizes, which are used in the opera- 
 tion for the stone, to cut the neck or body .of the 
 bladder. They ought, with more propriety, to be 
 called Cj/stutonies. 
 
 The Lifhutotne Cache of Frere Come is the 
 most known, and is still occasionally used. It 
 is composed of a handle, and a flattened sheath, 
 slightly curved : in this there is a cutting blade, 
 which can be forced out, by pressing upon a has- 
 
 cule or lever, to any extent that may be wished 
 by the operator. 
 
 A Double Lithotome was used by Dupuytren- 
 in his bilateral operation. See Lithotomy. 
 
 LITHOT'OMIST. Same etymon. Lithot'o- 
 mus. One who devotes himself entirely to ope- 
 rating for the stone. One who practises litho- 
 tomy. 
 
 LITHOT'OMY, Lithotoni'ia, Cystotom'ia, Uro- 
 lithotom' ia, Sectio vesica'lis, Lithocystot'omy, same 
 etymon. (F.) Taille. The operation by which a 
 stone is extracted from the bladder. The dif- 
 ferent methods, according to which this opera- 
 tion may be practised, are reducible to five prin- 
 cipal ; each of which has experienced numerous 
 modifications. 
 
 1. The Method of Celsus, Meth'odns Oelsia'nn, 
 Cystotom'ia cum a2)para'tu parvo, Appara'tns 3Ii- 
 nor, Cutting on the Gripe. This consisted in cut- 
 ting upon the stone, after having made it project 
 at the perinseum by means of the fingers intro- 
 duced into the rectum. This method was at- 
 tended with several inconveniences ; such as the 
 difBculty of dividing the parts neatly, injury done 
 to the bladder, as well as the impossibility of 
 drawing down the stone in many persons. It is 
 sometimes, also, called Meth'odns Guytonia'na ; 
 from Guy de Chauliac having endeavoured to 
 remove from it the discredit into which it had 
 fallen in his time. It was termed Ajyj^a^'atus 3Ii- 
 nor, (F.) Le petit appareil, from the small num- 
 ber of instruments required in it. 
 
 2. Apparatus Ilajor. This method was in- 
 vented, in 1520, by John de Romani, a surgeon 
 of Cremona, and communicated by him to Mari- 
 ano-Santo-di-Barletta, whence it was long called 
 Mariano's Method, Sec'tio Maria'na. It was 
 called, also, Appiaratus Major, and Cystotom'ia vel 
 Meth'odus cum appara'tu magna, (F.) Le grand 
 appareil, from the number of instruments re- 
 quired in it. An incision was made on the me- 
 dian line; but the neck of the bladder was not 
 comprehended in it. It was merely dilated. The 
 greater apparatus was liable to many inconveni- 
 ences, such as ecchymoses; contusion; inflam- 
 mation of the neck of the bladder; abscesses; 
 urinary fistuliae ; incontinence of urine; impo- 
 tence, &c. 
 
 3. The High Operation, Apparatus altiis, Cys- 
 totom'ia cum apparatu alto, C. Hyjwgas'trica, 
 Epicystotom'ia, Laparocystotom'ia, Sectio seu 
 Afeth'odus Franconia'na, S. Hypogus'trica, S. 
 alia, (F.) Haut appareil, Taille Hyjwgastrique, 
 Taille sus-pubienne, was first practised by Peter 
 Franco, about the middle of the 16th century. 
 It consisted in pushing the stone above the pubis 
 by the fingers introduced into the rectum. Rons- 
 set afterwards proposed to make the bladder rise 
 above the pubis by injecting it. The method had 
 fallen into dis'credit, when Frere Come revived it. 
 It is used when the calculus is very large. It 
 was practised by opening first the membranous 
 part of the urethra upon the catheter passed into 
 the canal. Through this incision, the Sonde 't 
 dard — a species of catheter, having a spear- 
 pointed stilet — was introduced into the bladder. 
 An incision was then made into the linea alba, 
 above the symphysis pubis, of about four or five 
 fingers' breadth, and the peritoneum detached 
 to avoid wounding it. The stilet was pushed 
 through the bladder, and used as a director for 
 the knife, with which the bladder was divided 
 anteriorly, as far as the neck ; and the stone ex- 
 tracted. It was performed in England by Deng- 
 lass, in 1719, and since by others, with varioHS 
 modifications. 
 
 4. The Lateral Operation, HyjMcystrotom'ictt 
 Cystotom'ia latera'lis, Cysiuucheuotom'ia, CyatO' 
 
LITHOTRESIS 
 
 522 
 
 LIVER 
 
 facTielotom' id, Uretkrocystaiiehenotom' ia, Ure- 
 throcysteotrachelotom'ia, Sec'tio latera'lis, A2)2)a- 
 ra' tiis latera'lis, (F.) Apj^nreil lateraliae, so 
 . named from the prostate gland and neck of the 
 bladder being cut laterally, was probably in- 
 vented by Peter Franco. It was introduced into 
 France by Frere Jacques de Beaulieu. He per- 
 formed it with rude instruments, invented by 
 himself, and improved by the suggestions of some 
 oi ''be Parisian surgeons. In England, it re- 
 ceived its earliest and most important improve- 
 ments from the celebrated Cheselden. It is the 
 method pi-aetised at the present day, according 
 to different modes of procedure. In this method, 
 the patient is placed upon a table ; his legs and 
 thighs are bent and separated ; the hands being 
 tied to the feet. The perinceum is then shaved, 
 and a staff is introduced into the bladder ; the 
 handle being turned towards the right groin of 
 the patient. An oblique incision is now made 
 from the raphe to the middle of a line drawn 
 from the anus to the tuberosity of the ischium 
 of the left side ; and taking the staff for a guide, 
 the integuments, areolar tissue of the perinasum, 
 membranous portion of the urethra, transversus 
 perinsei muscle, bulbo-cavernosus, some fibres of 
 the levator ani, the prostate and neck of the 
 bladder, are successively divided. For this latter 
 part of the operation, the knife, the beaked bis- 
 toury, Bistouri ou Lithotome Cache, cutting gor- 
 get, &c., is used, according to the particular pre- 
 ference. The forceps are now introduced into 
 the bladder, and the stone extracted. In the 
 operation, care must be -taken not to injure the 
 rectum, or the great arterial vessels, distributed 
 to the perineum. 
 
 A variety of the Lateral Apparatus, called by 
 the French Appareil lateral, consisted in cutting 
 into the haa-fond of the bladder, without touch- 
 ing the neck of that organ : but it was soon 
 abandoned, on account of its inconveniences. 
 
 The method of Le Cat and of Pajola — UretJiro- 
 cysteo-aneHrysmatotom'ia — consists in dividing 
 the prostate in part only, — the enlargement of 
 the wound being effected by a peculiar dilator. 
 
 The Bilateral Operation is founded on that of 
 Celsus. It consists in making an incision poste- 
 rior to the bulb of the urethra, and anterior to 
 the anus, involving both sides of the perinajum 
 by crossing the raphe at right angles: an incision 
 is then made through the membranous part of 
 the urethra, and the prostate may be cut bilate- 
 rally, either with the double lithotome of Dupuy- 
 tren, or the prostatic bisector of Dr. Stevens, of 
 New York. 
 
 5. Lithotomy hy the Rectum, Proctoeystotom'ia, 
 Sec'tio recto-vesica'lis, (P.) Taille par la Rectum, 
 Taille posterieure, T. Recto-vesicale. This was 
 proposed by Vegetius in the 16th century ; but it 
 was never noticed until M. Sanson, in the year 
 1817, attracted attention to it ; since which time 
 it has been successfully performed in many in- 
 stances. It consists in penetrating the bladder 
 through the paries corresponding with the rec- 
 tum, by first cutting the sphincter ani and rectum 
 about the root of the penis, and penetrating the 
 bladder by the neck of that organ, dividing the 
 prostate, — or by its bas-fond. 
 
 Lithotomy in women, from the shortness of the 
 urethra, is a comparatively insignificant operation. 
 Lithotomy by the Rectusi, see Lithotomy — 1. 
 by the Vagina, see Lithotomy. 
 LITHOTRESIS, Lithotrity. 
 LITHOTRIPSIS, Lithotrity. 
 LITHOTRIPSY, Lithotrity. 
 LITHOTRIPTORS, see Lithotrity. 
 LITHOrRITES. see Lithotrity. 
 IITHOTRITEURS, see Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOTRITOR, see Lithotrity. 
 LITHOT'RITY, Lithotri'tia, Litlotrypsy, 
 Lithotripsy, Lithothrip'sy, Lithoth) yp'sis, Litho- 
 tre'sis, Lithotrijisis, Lifhoceiiu'sis, Lifhodial'ysis, 
 Lithoprinie, from >i-&us, 'a stone,' and roipii), 'T 
 break.' The operation of breaking or bruising 
 the stone in the bladder. It has been performed, 
 of late years, with success, by French, and, after 
 them, by English and American surgeons. The 
 instruments employed for this purpotie are called, 
 in the abstract, Lithotrites, Lithotriteiirs, Lithot'- 
 ritors, Lithotripitors, and Lithnfhryptors. The 
 most celebrated are those of Civiale, Jaeobson, 
 Heurteloup and Weiss. See Brise-Pierre artietde, 
 and Pereuteur d Marteau. 
 
 LITIIOXIDU'RIA, from \l6os, 'a. stone,' ox- 
 ide, and ovpov, ' urine.' The discharge of urine 
 containing lithic or xanthic oxide. 
 
 LITHU'RIA, Lithiu'ria, Lithonrorrhee (Pi- 
 orry;) from XiOos, 'a stone,' and ovpov, 'urine.' 
 Lithic Diath'esis, Lithic Acid Diathesis. The 
 condition of the system and of the urine in which 
 deposits of lithic acid and the lithates — Lithic 
 sediments — take place from the urine. See Urine. 
 LITHUS, Calculus. 
 LITMUS, Lichen roccella. 
 LITRA, Pound. 
 
 LITRE, Litra. A measure containing a cubed 
 decimetre, which is equal nearly to 2.1135 pints. 
 The ancients gave the name litra, "XiTpa, to a 
 measure capable of containing 16 ounces of 
 liquid. 
 
 LITSiEA CUBEBA, Piper cubeba — 1. Pipe- 
 rita, Piper cubeba. 
 LITUS, Liniment. 
 LTVECHE, Ligusticum levisticum. 
 LIVER, Sax. lipeji, Hepar, Jecur, Jee"inu8, 
 (P.) Foie. The liver is the largest gland in the 
 iDody. It is an azygous organ ; unsymmetrical ; 
 very heavy; and of a brownish-red colour; oc- 
 cupying the whole of the right hypochondrium, 
 and a part of the epigastrium. Above, it corre- 
 sponds to the diaphragm ; heloic, to the stomach, 
 transverse colon, and right kidney; behind, to 
 the vertebral column, aorta, and vena cava; and 
 before, to the base of the chest. Its upper sur- 
 face is convex; the lower, irregularly convex 
 and concave, so that anatomists have divided the 
 organ into three lobes, — a large or right or colic 
 lobe; — a lesser lobe, lobule, or inferior lube, the 
 Lobnlus Spigelii, — and a middle or left lobe. At 
 its inferior surface, are observed : — 1. A Sidcna 
 or Furrow or Fissure, called horizontal or longi- 
 tudinal, Great fissure. Fossa Umhilica'lis, (F.) 
 Sillon horizontal, longitudinal, &'. de la veine om- 
 bilieale, Sulcus antero-posterior Jec'oris, S. hori- 
 zonta'lis Jec'oris, S. longitiidina'lis Jecoris, S. 
 sinis'ter Jecoris, S. Umbilica'lis, which lodges, in 
 the foetus, the umbilical vein and ductus venosus. 
 2. The Princijiul Fissure, termed Sulcus Trans- 
 versus vel Sinus Porta' rum. Fissure of the Vena 
 porta. Portal Fissure, (F.) Sillon transversal ou 
 de la veine jwrte, which receives the sinus of the 
 vena porta. 3. The Fissure of the Vena Cava in- 
 fe'rior, Sillon de la veine cave inferieure, situate 
 at the posterior margin of the organ, and lodging 
 the vena cava inferior. 4. The Lobulus Spige'lii, 
 or posterior jtortal eminence. 5. The anterior por- 
 tal eminence, Auri'ga vel Lobulus anon'i/miia. 6. 
 Depressions corresponding to the upper surface 
 of the stomach, gall-bladder, arch of the colon, 
 right kidney, etc. Continued from the fossa um- 
 bilicalis is <a small fossa, called Fossa Ductus Ve- 
 vo'si, between the left lobe and Lobulus Spigeliu 
 The posterior margin of the liver is very tliick ; 
 much more so than the anterior. The liver is 
 suiTounded by a serous or peritoneal coveriug, 
 
LIVER 
 
 523 
 
 LOBELIA 
 
 which forms for it a suspensory or broad ligament 
 and two lateral and triangular ligaments. See 
 Falx. The blood-vessels of the liver are very- 
 numerous. The hepatic artery and vena porta 
 furnish it with the blood necessary for its nutri- 
 tion and the secretion of bile. The hepatic veins 
 convey away the blood, which has served those 
 purposes. The lymphatic vessels are very nume- 
 rous ; some being superficial ; others deep-seated. 
 The nerves are, also, numerous, and proceed from 
 the pneumogastric, diaphragmatic, and from the 
 hepatic plexuses. 
 
 The intimate structure of the parenchyma of 
 the liver has been well studied. When cut, it pre- 
 sents a porous appearance, owing to the division 
 of a multitude of small vessels. When torn, it 
 seems formed of granulations ; — the intimate 
 structure of which has given rise to many hypo- 
 theses. In these granulations are contained the 
 radicles of the excretory ducts of the bile ; the 
 union of which constitutes the hepatic duct. Ac- 
 cording to M. Kiernan, the intimate structure 
 consists of a number of lobules composed of in- 
 tralobular or hepatic veins, which convey the 
 blood back that has been inservient to the secre- 
 tion of bile. The interlobular plexus of veins is 
 formed by branches of the vena porta, which con- 
 tain both the blood of the vena porta and of the 
 hepatic artery; both of which, according to Mr. 
 Kiernan, furnish the pabulum of the biliary se- 
 cretion. The biliary ducts form likewise an inter- 
 lobular plexus, having an arrangement similar to 
 that of the interlobular veins. Mr. Kiernan's 
 views are embraced by many anatomists ; but 
 are denied by some. 
 
 The liver is the only orgjtn, which, indepen- 
 dently of the red blood carried to it by the hepa- 
 tic artery, receives black blood by the vena porta. 
 The general opinion is, that the vena porta is the 
 fluid which furnishes bile, whilst that of the artery 
 affords blood for the nutrition of the liver. It is 
 probable, however, that bile is secreted by the 
 latter vessel. 
 
 The liver is liable to a number of diseases. 
 The principal are — - Hepati'tis ot inflammation, 
 cancer, biliary calculi, encysted and other tumours 
 or tubercles, hydatids, &c. ; and it has, at times, 
 been the fashion to refer to it as the cause of 
 symptoms with which it is in no wise connected. 
 Liver, Hep>ar. Under this name the ancients 
 designated several substances, having a brownish 
 colour, analogous to that of the liver ; and com- 
 posed of sulphur and some other body. See Po- 
 tassse Sulphuretum, Liver of Sulphur. 
 
 Liver of Antimony is the semi-vitreous sul- 
 phuret, <tc. 
 
 Liver Disease, Hepatopathia — L Fatty, Adi- 
 posis hepatica — 1. Gin, L. nutmeg — 1. Gin-drink- 
 ers', L.nutmeg-1. Granulated, Cirrhosis of the liver. 
 Liver- Grown, Tu'mido jec'ore prm'ditus. 
 Having a large liver. 
 
 Liver, Hobnail, Cirrhosis of the liver — 1. 
 Mammillated, Cirrhosis of the liver. 
 
 Liter, Nutmeg, Tu'beriform liver. An ap- 
 pearance of the liver when cut across, resembling 
 that of the section of a nutmeg; supposed by 
 some to be the result of intemperance in the use 
 of alcoholic drinks; but occurring under other 
 causes. The terms whishy liver, gin-drinkers' 
 liver, and gin liver, occasionally applied to it, 
 are, consequently, not distinctive. 
 
 Liver Spot, Chloasma — 1. Tuberculated, Cir- 
 rhosis of the liver — 1. Tuberiform, L. nutmeg — 
 I. Weed, Hepatica triloba — 1. Whisky, L. nutmeg 
 — 1. Wort, Hepatica triloba, Marchantia poly- 
 morpha — 1. Wort, ground, ash-coloured. Lichen 
 caninus — 1. Wort, Iceland, Lichen Islandicus — 
 L Wort, noble, Hepatica triloba. 
 
 LIVIDUS MUSCULUS, Pectinalis. 
 LIVOR, Suggillation — 1. Sanguineus, see Ee- 
 chymoma. 
 
 LIVliE, Pound. 
 
 LIXIVIA TARTARIZATA, Potassse tartras 
 — 1. Vitriolata, Potassaa sulphas — 1. Vitriolata 
 sulphurea, Potassas sulphas cum sulphurc. 
 
 LIXIVIA sen KALICUM ACETAS, Potassa 
 acetas. 
 
 LIXIV'IAL, Lixivio' siw, from Uocivium, 'lee.' 
 (F.) Lixivial, Lixivieux. An ancient term for 
 salts obtained by washing vegetable ashes, — such 
 as the fixed alkalies. 
 
 L I X I V I A' T 1 N, Elixivia'tion, Lixivia' tio. 
 Same etymon. An operation which consists in 
 washing wood-ashes with water, so as to dissolve 
 the soluble parts. The filtered liquor is the lee. 
 
 LIXIVIUM, Lixiv'ia, Con'ia, Lee, Ley, Lye, 
 (F.) Lessive. Any solution containing potass 
 or soda — Sal lixivio' sum — in excess ; from lix, 
 ' potash.' 
 
 Lixivium Ammoniacale, Liquor ammonite — 
 1. Ammoniacale aromaticum, Spiritus ammonias 
 aromaticus — 1. Causticum, Liquor po'tassas — 1. 
 Magistrale, Liquor potassaj — 1. Saponarium, Li- 
 quor potassaj — 1. Tartari, Liquor potassaj sub- 
 carbon at is. 
 
 LIZARD, Lacer'ta, Lacer'tus, said to be so 
 called in consequence of its limbs resembling tho 
 arms (lacerti) of man (?). Saura, Sauros, (F.) 
 Lezard. Lizards were formerly employed in me- 
 dicine as sudorifics ; and were, at one time, ex- 
 tolled in syphilis, cutaneous affections, and in 
 cancer. 
 
 LIZARD'S TAIL, Saururus cernuus. 
 LOADSTONE, Magnet. 
 LOATHING, Disgust. 
 
 LOBARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandicna 
 — 1. Pulmonaria, Lichen pulmonarius — 1. Saxa- 
 tilis, Lichen saxatilis. 
 
 LOBE, Lobus. A round, projecting part of an 
 organ. The liver, lungs, and brain, for example, 
 have lobes. 
 
 Lobe of the Ear, Lob'ule of the Ear, is a soft, 
 rounded prominence, which terminates the cir- 
 cumference of the pavilion inferiorly, and which 
 is pierced i*n those who wear rings. 
 
 The under surface of the brain is divided into 
 two anterior, two lateral, tivo posterior, and two 
 intermediate lobes ov pi-ocesses. These Cliaussier 
 calls lobules of the brain : the cerebral hemi- 
 spheres he terms lobes. 
 
 Lobe, Biven'tral. A wedge-shaped lobe of 
 the cerebellum, situate behind the am3'gclala. 
 
 LOBE DOUDENAL, Lobulus Spigclii — ?. 
 Pancreatique, Lobulus Spigclii — /. Petit du foie, 
 Lobulus Spigelii — I. de Spigel, Lobulus Spigelii. 
 LOBELIA, BLUE, L. syphilitica. 
 Lobe'lia Cardina'lis, Lobelia coccin'ea, Trn- 
 che'lium Ameri'canum, Car'dinal Plant, Car'di- 
 nal Flower, Scarlet Lobelia. This species is also 
 indigenous in the United States. It blooms in 
 autumn, having beautiful carmine flowers. The 
 root is a reputed anthelmintic with the Indians. 
 Lobelia Coccinea, L. Cardinalis. 
 Lobe'lia Infla'ta, Lndian Tobac'co, Wild To- 
 bac'co. Puke Weed, Asthma Weed, Eyebright, 
 Emet'ic Weed, Lobe'lia (Ph. U. S.) The promi- 
 nent virtues of this American plant are those of 
 an emetic. In smaller doses it is sedafve, and 
 has been given as a pectoral in croup, asthma, 
 &o. It is, also, sudorific and cathartic, and in 
 an acronarcotic poison. Twenty grains act as an 
 emetic. 
 
 Lobelia Pinifo'lia. A South African plant, 
 Nat. Ord. Campanulacea3, the root of which is 
 excitant and diaphoretic. A decoction of it ia 
 
LOBES 
 
 524 
 
 LCEMOLOGT 
 
 sometimes nsed in the Cape Colony as a domestic 
 remedy in cutaneous affections, chronic rlieuma- 
 tism, and gout. 
 
 Lobelia, Scarlet, L. Cardinalis. 
 Lobelia Syphilit'ica, Lobelia rejlex'a, Ba- 
 nun'culas Virginia' nus, Rapun'tium Syphilit'i- 
 eam, Blue Lobelia, Blue Car'dinal Flower. The 
 root of this plant, which is indigenous in the 
 United States, is an emetic and drastic cathartic. 
 It has been used in syphilis; hence its name. 
 The mode of preparing it is to boil §ss of the 
 dried root in Oxij of water, until the fluid is re- 
 duced to Oviij. Dose, Oss. 
 
 LOBES, CEREBRAL, see Lobe. 
 Lobes of the Liver, -Pinna seuio6iseuPin'- 
 nulas He'jiatis. See Lobule. 
 
 Lobes, Optic, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
 LOBI HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver — L Pul- 
 monum, see Pulmo. 
 
 LOB'ULAR, Lobula'ris. Same etymon as Lo- 
 bule. Relating to or belonging to a lobule : — as 
 l-obular pnemiionia, (F.) Pneumonie lobulaire, P. 
 inamefoiinee, P. disseminee. Pneumonia anatomi- 
 cally characterized by nuclei of red or gi-ay hepa- 
 tization disseminated in variable numbers in one 
 or both lungs. 
 
 Lobular Biliary Plexus. The plexus formed 
 of lobular hepatic ducts, which are derived chiefly 
 from the interlobular. This plexus forms the prin- 
 cipal part of the substance of the lobule. 
 
 Lobular Venous Plexus. The plexus inter- 
 posed between the interlobular portal veins, and 
 the intralobular hepatic vein. 
 
 LOB'CLE, Lob'nlus, diminutive of io J us. A 
 little lobe. Mr. Kiernan uses the term lobule for 
 an acinus of the liver of many anatomists. 
 
 Lobule of the Corpus Striatcat, Insula ce- 
 rebri — 1. of the Ear, Lobe of the Ear — 1. of the 
 Fissure of Sylvius, Insula cerebri — 1. Pneumo- 
 gastric, Flocculus. 
 
 LOBULE DU FOIE, Lobulus Spigelii. 
 LOBULUS ACCESSORIUS ANTERIOR 
 QUAD RAT US, L. anonymus. 
 
 Lob'ulus seu Lobus Anon'ymus, L. accesso'- 
 rius ante'rior quadra' tus, L. quadra'tus, (F. ) 
 Eminence porte anierieure. This is situate in the 
 liver between the passage for the round ligament 
 and the gall-bladder, and is less prominent, but 
 broader, than the Lobulus caudatus. From the 
 lobulus anonymus a bridge runs across the pas- 
 sage for the round ligament. It is called Pons 
 vel Isthmus he'patis. 
 
 Lobulus seu Lobus Cauda'tus, Proees'sus 
 caudatus. This is merely the root or one of the 
 angles of the lobulus Spigelii, advancing towards 
 the middle of the lower side of the great lobe, 
 and representing a kind of tail. Also, the termi- 
 nation of the helix and anthelix of the ear, which 
 is separated from the concha by an extensive 
 fissure. 
 
 Lob'ulus Centra'lis. A small lobule or pro- 
 minence of the superior vermiform process of the 
 cerebellum, situate in the incisura anterior. 
 
 Lobulus Nasi, see Nasus — 1. Pneumogastri- 
 cus, Flocculus — 1. Posterior, L. Spigelii — 1. Pos- 
 iicus papillatus, L. Spigelii — 1. Quadratus, L. 
 anonymus. 
 
 Lobulus seu Lobus Spige'lii, L. poste'rior, L. 
 p isti'ctis pjapilla'tus, (F.) Eminence porte pjoste- 
 rievre, Lobule ou Petit lobe dufoie, Lobe de Spi- 
 gel, Lohe duodenal, L. pancreatique, is situate 
 i.eai T!De spine, upon the left side of the great 
 Ic'be of the liver, and is of a pyramidal shape, 
 projecting, like a nipple, between thC cardia and 
 Tcna cava, at the small curvature of the stomach. 
 LOEilTS, Lobe, see Lobulus. 
 LOCAL, Loca'lii, Top'icus, Mer'icus, Partia'lia, 
 Top'ical. (F.) Locale, Topique. An affection is 
 
 called local — Ilorbus Loca'lis, — when confined 
 to a part, without implicating the general system; 
 or, at all events, only secondarily. Local is thus 
 opposed to general. A local or topical application 
 is one used externally. See Topical. 
 
 LOCH, Looch. 
 
 LOCHADES, sec Sclerotic. 
 
 LOCHI'A or LO'CHIA, Purgamen'ta Puerpe'- 
 rii seu U'teri, Purga'tio pnierpe'rii, Lyma, from 
 \o)(^o;, 'a, woman in childbed,-' (F.) duties de 
 couches, Vidunges. The cleansings. A serous 
 and sanguineous discharge following delivery. 
 During the first two or three days, it is bloody ; 
 but afterwards becomes green-coloured, and ex- 
 hales a disagreeable and peculiar odour. The 
 duration, quantity, and character of the discharge 
 vary according to numerous circumstances. It 
 flows from the part of the uterus which formed a. 
 medium of communication between the mother 
 and foetus, and continues, usually, from 14 to 21 
 days. See Parturition. 
 
 LOCHIOCGELIITIS, Puerperal fever. 
 
 LOCHIODOCHIUM, Lochodoehium. 
 
 LOCHIOPYRA, Puerperal fever. 
 
 LOCHIORRHAG"IA,fromXoxEfa, andp;7yi't'/<i, 
 'I make an irruption.' An immoderate flow of 
 the lochia. Hemorrhage from the uterus in the 
 child-bed state. 
 
 LOCHIORRHGE'A, from \oxeia, 'the lochia,' 
 and pciD, 'I flow.' Discharge of the lochia. 
 
 LOCHIORUM RETENTIO, Ischolochia. 
 
 LOCHIOSCHESIS, Ischolochia. 
 
 LOCHOCH, Looch, 
 
 LOCHODOCHI'UM, Lochiodocliinm, from 
 'Xoxos, ' a female in childbed,' and S£X°l"'h ' ^ ^'6- 
 ceive.' An institution for the reception of preg- 
 nant and childbed females. A Li/ing-iu-hospiital, 
 
 LOCHOS, Puerpera. 
 
 LOCI, Uterus — 1. Muliebres, Uterus, Vulva. 
 
 LOCKED JAW, Trismus. 
 
 LOCOMOTILITY, see Locomotion. 
 
 LOCOMO'TION, Locomo'tio, from locus, 'a 
 place, and movere, 'to move.' An action peculiar 
 to animal bodies, by which they transport them- 
 selves from place to place. It, as well as muscu- 
 la'tion, has also been used for the function of ani- 
 mal movements. The faculty is sometimes called 
 Locomotiv' ity and LocomotiV ity . 
 
 Locomotion' op an Artery, is the movement 
 produced in a vessel with a curvature, by the im- 
 pulse of the blood sent from the heart, which 
 tends to straighten the artery, and causes the 
 movement in question. 
 
 LOCOMOTIVITT, see Locomotion. 
 
 LOCUS NIGER, see Peduncles of the Brain. 
 
 Locus Perfora'tus Anti'cus. A triangular 
 flat surface of the brain, which corresponds to the 
 posterior extremity of each olfactory process. 
 
 Locus Perforatus Posticus, Tarini pons. 
 
 LOCUST, BLACK, Robinia Pseudo-acacia — 
 1. Eaters, Acridophagi — 1. Plant, Cassia Marilan- 
 dica — 1. Tree, Robinia Pseudo-acacia — 1. Yellow, 
 Cladrastis tinctoria. 
 
 LODOICEA, see Coco of the Mnldives. 
 
 LOECHE, MINERAL WATERS OF, Leuk, 
 mineral waters of. 
 LORME, Plague. 
 LffiMIA, Plague. 
 LCEMICUM, see Loemology. 
 LCEMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow. 
 LCEMOGRAPIIY, Loimography. 
 LCEMOLOGIUM, see Loemology. 
 L (E M OL ' G Y, Locmolog"ia, from Xoi/joj, 
 'plague,' and \oyoi, 'a description.' The doc- 
 trine of plague and pestilential diseases. A trea- 
 tise on the same, — Lcc'micum, Loemolog"ium. 
 
LCEMOPHTHALMIA 
 
 525 
 
 LOOCH 
 
 LCEMOPHTHALMIA, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 LiEMOPYRA, Plague. 
 
 LCEMOS, Plague. 
 
 LOGADES, Sclerotic. 
 
 LOGADITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 JjOGrlATUOS, Logiater ; from 'Xoyog, 'aword,' 
 and larpos, 'a physician.' In the bad sense, a 
 physician without experience ; a mere theorist. 
 In the good sense, a rational physician ; one who 
 treats disease according to theoretical or scien- 
 tific principles. 
 
 LOGOS, Reason. 
 
 LOGWOOD, HiBmatoxylon Campeehianum. 
 
 LOG"Y, ^oyo;, 'a, description.' A suffix de- 
 noting 'a treatise or description.' Hence, An- 
 liologij and 'Nenroloffi/, &c. 
 
 LOHOCH, Looch. 
 
 LOIMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow. 
 
 L 1 M G'RAP H Y, Loiynograph'i'a, Lcemog'- 
 'aphy, from Xoifio;, ' plague,' and ypadiio, ' I de- 
 jcribe.' A description of the plague and pesti- 
 -Cfltial diseases. 
 
 LOIMOLOGY, Loemology, 
 
 LOIMOS, Plague. 
 
 LOINS, Lumbi. 
 
 LOLIAGEUM RADICE REPENTE, , Triti- 
 cum repens. 
 
 LOLIUM ANNUUM, L. temulentum. 
 
 Lo'lium Temulent'um, L. an'nuum, Crepa'lia 
 temiden'ta, Bromxis temulen'ttis, Darnel (F.) Iler- 
 be d'Iv7-ogne. A species of the genus Lolium, 
 (F.) Ivraie ; Fam. Graminese ; Sex. Syst. Trian- 
 dria digynia, which has decidedly poisonous pro- 
 perties ; occasioning, when mixed in bread or 
 beer, intoxication, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. 
 
 LOME AIRE, Lumbar. 
 
 LOMBO-ABBOSIINAL, Transversalis abdo- 
 minis — I. Costal, Serratus posticus inferior — I. 
 Gosto-trachelien, Sacro-lumbalis — I. Dorso-spinal, 
 Transversalis dorsi — I. Borso-traehelien, Longis- 
 simus dorsi — I. Humeral, Latissimus dorsi — I. 
 Sacre, Lumbo-sacral. 
 
 LOMBRIC, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
 
 LOMBRIGOiDE, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
 
 LONCHADES, see Sclerotic. 
 
 LONCHADITIS, Sclerotitis. • 
 
 LONCHITIS, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 LONG, Longiis, Macros. That which is much 
 greater in length than in breadth ; as the long 
 hones. The epithet is, also, applied to several 
 muscles, to distinguish them from others of simi- 
 lar function, when the latter are shorter. We 
 say, for instance, long flexors, and long extensors, 
 in opposition to short flexors, and short extensors. 
 
 LONG DU GOU, Longus colli — Z. du Dos, 
 LongissimuR dorsi. 
 
 LONGJEVUS, Macrobiotic. 
 
 LONGANON. Rectum. 
 
 LONGAON, Rectum. 
 
 LONGAS, Rectum. 
 
 LONGEVITY, Longa'vitas, Sfncrolio'sis, 
 Ifarrohi'otes. The prolongation of existence to 
 an advanced age. Haller collected examples of 
 more than one thousand centenarians. He had 
 knowledge of sixty-two persons aged from 110 to 
 120 years ; of twenty-nine, from 120 to 130 years ; 
 nnd of fifteen, who had attained from 130 to 140 
 }-ears. Beyond this advanced age, examples of 
 longevity are much more rare and less sufficiently 
 .attested. 
 
 The following list of instances of very advanced 
 ages has been given : 
 
 Lived. Age. 
 Apollonius of Tyana, A. D. . . 99 . . 130 
 
 St. Patrick 491.. 122 
 
 Attila 600. .124 
 
 LlywarchHgn 500. .150 • 
 
 Lived. Age. 
 
 St. Coemgene 618.. 120 
 
 Piastus, King of Poland 861. .120 
 
 Thomas Parr 1635.. 152 
 
 Henry Jenkins 1670.. 169 
 
 Countess of Desmond 1612. .145 
 
 ThomasDamme 1648. .154 
 
 PeterTorten 1724. .185 ' 
 
 Margaret Patten 1739.. 137 
 
 John Rovin and wife 1741. .172 and 161 
 
 St. Monagh or Kentigen 1781. .185 
 
 Longevity also means length or duration of life 
 (F.) Duree de la vie. The mean age at death 
 (F.) Vie moyenne, of different classes and profes- 
 sions enables an estimate to be formed of the 
 expectation or value of life in each. 
 
 LONGIS'SIMUS DORSI, Semi-spina'tns, (F.) 
 Lombo-dorso-trachelien, Portion costo-frachelienne 
 du sacrospinal, (Ch.,) Long dorsal, Long du dos, 
 is situate vertically at the posterior part of the 
 trunk, and fills, in a great measure, the vertebral 
 furrows. It is thick and almost square below ; 
 thin and pointed above. It is attached to the 
 posterior surface of the sacrum, to the transverse 
 processes of all the lumbar and dorsal vertebrse, 
 and to the inferior margin of the last 7 or 8 ribs. 
 It maintains the vertebral column in a straight 
 position ; straightens it when bent forwards, and 
 can even carry it back. It also assists in the rota- 
 tory motion of the trunk. 
 
 LoNGissiMUS Femoris, Sartorius — 1. Oculi, 
 Obliquus superior oculi. 
 
 .LONG-SIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia. 
 
 LONGUS COLLI, {¥.)Pre-dorso-cervical,Pre- 
 dorso-atlo'idien, (Ch.,) Long du coil. This muscle 
 is situate at the anterior and superior part of the 
 vertebral column. It is long, flat, and broader 
 at its middle than at its extremities, which are 
 pointed. It is attached to the anterior surface of 
 the bodies of the first three dorsal and last six 
 cervical vertebra3 J to the intervertebral ligaments; 
 to the anterior edge of the transverse processes of 
 the last five cervical vertebrae ; and to the tuber- 
 cle on the anterior arch of the first. This muscle 
 bends the cervical vertebrae upon each other and 
 upon the dorsal vertebra. If the upper portion 
 acts on one side only, it occasions the rotation of 
 the atlas on the vertebra dentata; and, conse- 
 quently, of the head on the neck. 
 
 LONICERA GERMANICA, L. Perielymenum 
 — 1. Marilandiea, Spigelia Marilandica. 
 
 Lonice'ra Periclym'enum, L. German'ica, 
 Periclym'enum, P. vidga're, Gaprifo'lium, G. Peri- 
 clym'enum seu sylvat'icum seu distinct' um,Gommon 
 Woodbine, (F.) Ghevrefeuille. This common 
 plant is slightly astringent and tonic, and was 
 formerly much used in gargles. 
 
 LOOCH, Lohoch, Loch, Lochoch, Look. A line- 
 tus. See Eclegma and Eclectos. 
 
 Looch absque Emulsio'ne Para'tum, Look 
 prepare satis emulsion / Looch prepiared without 
 emulsion. {Pnlv. g. trag. gr. xvj — gr. xxx, ol. 
 amygd. dule. 3ss., sacchar. ^j, aquce 5''J' "9"<8 
 flor. aurant. ^i}. Mix by rulabing in a marble 
 mortar.) Demulcent. 
 
 Looch Album, Looch amygdali'num, Linctus 
 alhus, L. amygdalinns, L. commu'nis, Ecleg'ma 
 album, Eclegma gummo' so-oleo' sum, (F.) Looch 
 blanc, L. b. amygdalin, L. b. pectoral. {Amygd. 
 dulc. gss, amygd. amar. No. ij, sacchar. alb. ^iv. 
 Make an emulsion by gradually adding ^iv of 
 water. Then take puh: tragacanth. gr. xvj, ol. 
 amygd. dulc. recent, ^ss, sacch. ^ij. Add the 
 almond milk gradually to this, and afterwards 
 aq. flor. aurant. gij, Ph. P.) It is demulcent 
 and pectoral. 
 
 Looch Amygadlinuit, L. album — I. BUnc, L 
 
LOOCE 
 
 526 
 
 LTJCCA 
 
 alLnm — 1. cum Ci-ooo et pistaciis, L. viride — 1. 
 of Egg, L. ex Ovo. 
 
 LoocH EX Ovo, Potio seu emul'sio seu mistu'ra 
 len'iens seu oleo'sa, Looch peciora'le len'iens, 
 Looch of Egg, (F.) Look d'oeitf, Looch rouge, 
 Emuhioih hiiileuse. Mixture calmnnte. Potion pec- 
 torale, Lait adoucissant. {Vitell. ovi. recent. §ss, 
 ol. amygd. dxdc. giss, syrup. althcBCB, §j. Rub in 
 a mortar, and add by degrees, aq. jior. aurant. 
 ^j, aq. pnpav. rhcead. ^ij. Fh. P.) Virtues the 
 same as the preceding. 
 
 LOOCH RO UGE, L. ex Ova— I. Vert, L. viride. 
 
 Looch Vir'ide, Look cum croce et pista'ciis, 
 (F.) Looch vert. [Syrup. Violar. §j, tinct. croci 
 gtt. XX. aqucB 5^^' Mix, and a,A.di piatacioB semin. 
 sice. ^vj. Ph. P.) Virtues like the last. 
 
 LOOK, Looch — I. d'CEuf, Looch ex ovo — I. 
 Prepare sans emulsion, Looch absque emulsione 
 paratum. 
 
 LOOSE STRIFE, CREEPING, Lysimachia 
 nummularia — 1. s. Four-leaved, Lysimachia quad- 
 rifolia. 
 
 LOOSENESS, Diarrhoea — L of the Teeth, 
 Odontoseisis. 
 
 LOPEZ RADIX, Radix lojjezia'va. Radix In'- 
 dica lopezia'na. The root of an unknown Indian 
 tree, not possessed of any remarkable smell or 
 taste, or of any appearance of resinous matter. 
 It has been extolled, notwithstanding, in cases of 
 colliquative diarrhoea. Gaubius compares its ac- 
 tion to that of simarouba, but thinks it more 
 eflBcaeious. 
 
 LOPHADIA, Lophia. 
 
 LOPIIIA, Lopha'dia. The first vertebra of 
 the back — Fer'fe6ca dorsi prima. — Gorrseus. 
 
 LOPIMA, Fagus castanea. 
 
 LOQUACITY, Garru'litas; from loquor, 'I 
 speak. (P.) BahiUement. The act of speaking 
 with volubility. It is sometimes a symptom of 
 disease, and is observable in hysteria, &c. 
 
 LOQUELA, Voice, articulated — 1. Abolita, 
 Aphonia — 1. Blffisa, Balbuties — 1. Impedita, Ba- 
 ryphonia. 
 
 ' LORDO'SIS, Lordo'ma, from \opSo;, 'curved,' 
 'bent;' Repanda'tio,Repan'dita8. A name given 
 to curvatures of the bones in general ; and par- 
 ticularly to that of the vertebral column forwards; 
 Spina dorsi intror' sum flexa, Emprosthocyrto'ma. 
 This gives rise to the projection of the sternum 
 called chicken-breasted or jiigeon-hreasted. 
 . LORIND MAT RI' CIS, Epilep'sia uteri' no, 
 Gonvulsi'vus u'teri morbus. A barbarous name 
 given to a pretended epilepsy of the womb. 
 
 LORIPES, see Kyllosis. 
 
 LOT, Urine. 
 
 LOTIO, Enema, Lotion — 1. Saponacea, see 
 S-ipo. 
 
 LO'TION, Lo'tio, Lotu'ra, from lavare, lotnni, 
 'to wash.' (F.) Hydrolotif. A fluid external 
 application. Lotions are ordinarily applied by 
 wetting linen in them and keeping it on the part 
 affected. 
 
 Ldtion, Barlow's, T^otion of Sniph'tcret of 
 potassium. (R- Potassii sulphur, '^n], Sapon. 
 giss, Aq. Calcis, f^viiss, alcohol, dilvt. f^lj. M.) 
 Used in various chronic cutaneous diseases. 
 
 Lotion, Gowland's. An empirical prepara- 
 tion. (Bitter almonds, ^j, sugar, gij, distilled 
 iimter, tbij. Grind together, strain, and add cor- 
 rosive sublimate, Qij, previously ground with sp. 
 villi rect. ^ij.) Used in obstinate eruptions. 
 
 r.oTioN, (Granville's Co uNTER-lKRiTANT,(7ca7)- 
 ville's Lotion, Grani>iUe's antid'ynous lotion. Of 
 this lotion. Dr. Granville gives two forms — a 
 milder, and ?„ stronger. The milder is made as 
 iollows : Liq. amnion, fort, f^j, Sp. Rosmarin. 
 f^vj, Tinct. camphor, f^ijj M. 
 
 The stronger is made as follows : Liq. ammon. 
 
 fort, f^x, Spir. Rosmar. f^ss, Tinct. camphor, 
 f^ij, M. 
 
 The stronger lotion vesicates rapidly. A piece 
 of cotton or linen folded six or seven times, or a 
 piece of thick flannel may be imbued with them, 
 and laid for a few minutes on the part to be irri- 
 tated. 
 
 Lotion, Hannay's, Preven'tive wash. This 
 famous nostrum, for the prevention of venereal 
 infection, was nothing more than a solution of 
 caustic potass. 
 
 Lotion, Hydrocyan'ic, Lotio Ac"idi Hydro- 
 cyan' id. [Hydrocyanic acid, f ^iv, rectified spirit 
 of toine, f^j, distilled water, f^xss.) tjsed with 
 much success in impetigo, &c. 
 
 Lotion, Struve's, for Hooping-Codgh. [An- 
 tim. et Potass, tart, gj, AqvcB, ^ij. Add tinct. 
 eantharid, §j.) 
 LOTIUM, Urine. 
 LOTURA, Lotion. 
 
 LOTUS SYLVESTRIS, Trifolium melilotus— 
 1. Virginiana, Diospyros Virginiana. 
 LOUCHEMENT, Strabismus. 
 L VCHES, see Strabismus. 
 LOUPE, Wen. 
 LOUSE, Pediculus. 
 LOUSINESS, Phtheiriasis. 
 LOUSY DISEASE, Phtheiriasis. 
 LOUTRON, Bath. 
 LOVAGE, Ligusticum levisticum. 
 LOVE, Eros, Amor, from Sax. lujrian, (G.) 
 lieben, 'to love.' ['F.) Amour. A tender and 
 elevated feeling, which attracts one sex to the 
 other. Love is occasionally a cause of disease, 
 especially of insanity. 
 
 Love Apple Plant, Solanum lycopersicum — 
 1. Pea,, Abrus precatorius. 
 
 LOW SPIRITS, Hypochondriasis. 
 LOWER, TUBERCLE OF, Tuher'culum Loiv- 
 eri. Anatomists have given this name to a small 
 projection, the existence of which is by no means 
 constant, and which is found in the sinus venosus, 
 between the superior and inferior cava. 
 
 LOXAR'THRUS, Loxar'thrum, from Ao|«j, 
 'oblique,' and ag^pov, 'articulation.' [^.) Perver- 
 sion de la tete des os et des muscles. A vicious 
 deviation or dii-ection of the joints, without spasm 
 or luxation, — as in clubfoot. 
 LOXIAS, Torticollis." 
 LOXOPHTHALMUS, Strabismus. 
 LOZANGIA, Lozenge. 
 LOZENGE, Tabella. 
 
 LOZENGES, BARK, Tabellse cinchonas — 1. 
 of Catechu and magnesia, Tabellse antimoniales 
 Kunckelii — 1. Faustinus's, Faustini pastilli — 1. 
 for the Heart-burn, Trochisci carbonatis calcis — 
 1. Magnesias, Tabellse de magnesia — 1. of Marsh- 
 mallows, Tabellae de althaea — 1. of Oxalic acid, 
 Tabellse acidi oxalici — 1. Pectoral, black, Tro- 
 chisci glycyrrhizje glabrae — 1. Pectoral, of eme- 
 tine, Trochisci emetinae pectorales — 1. Rhubarb, 
 Tabellas de rheo — 1. of Scammony and senna, 
 compound, Tabellte de scammonio et senna — 1. 
 Spitta's, see Trochisci glycyrrhizse cum opio — 1. 
 Steel, Tabelliie de ferro — 1. of Steel, aromatic, see 
 Tabeilfc de ferro — 1. Sulphur, simple, Tabella? de 
 sulphure siraplices — 1. Sulphur, compound, Tii- 
 bella3 de sulphure compositas — 1. of Sulphuvex 
 of antimony, Tabella; antimoniales Kunckelii — 
 1. Wistar's, Trochisci glycyrrhizfe cum opio — 1. 
 Worm, Ching's, see Worm lozenges, (Ching's.) 
 
 LUBIDO, Libido— 1. Intestini, Voluntas dese- 
 dendi. 
 
 LUBRICANTIA, Demulcents, Emollicnis. 
 LUBRICUM CAPUT, Penis. 
 LUCCA, MINERAL WATERS AND CLI- 
 MATE OF. The baths and waters, near this 
 ancient Italian city, have been long celebrated. 
 
LUCID 
 
 527 
 
 LUMBRICALIS 
 
 They tre thermal, and resemble, in properties, 
 those of Plombieres in France, and of Bath in 
 England. They contain carbonic acid, sulphates 
 of alumina, soda, magnesia, and iron. There are 
 ten different sources, the temperature of which 
 varies from 94° to 130° Fahr. 
 
 Lucca is much frequented in summer; partly 
 on account of its mineral waters, but more on 
 account of the coolness of the situation. 
 
 LUCID, Lu'cidus. In medicine, the word lucid 
 is particularly applied to the iniervals, Interval'la 
 lu'cida, of apparent reason, which occur in men- 
 tal alienation. 
 
 LUCIF'UGUS, from hix, lucis, 'light' and 
 fitgere, 'to shun.' Photoj^li'ohus, Photojphob'iens. 
 Dreading or avoiding the light. 
 
 LUCINA. Uithyia. 
 
 LUCOMANIA, Lycanthropia. 
 
 LUCUMA, (S.) A fruit which grows in the 
 southern provinces of the coast of Peru, and the 
 north of Chili. It is round ; and the gray-brown 
 husk encloses a fibrous, dry, yellow-coloured fruit 
 with its kernel. — Tschudi. 
 
 LUCUMORIA'NUS, probably from lux, 'light,' 
 and morari, ' to tarry.' Continuing for several 
 days : hence, Dormit"io lucumoria'na. A morbid 
 sleep persisting for several days. 
 
 LUDUS HELMON'TII, L. Paracel'si, Fel 
 terra. A calcareous stone, the precise nature not 
 known, which was used by the ancients in calcu- 
 lous affections. The term was also applied to 
 every species of calculous concretion occurring 
 in the animal body. 
 
 LuDus Paracelsi, L. Helmontii. 
 
 LUES, Disease, Plague, Syphilis — 1. Divina, 
 Epilepsy — 1. Dysenterica, Dysentery — 1. Gonor- 
 rhoica, Gonorrha?a impura — 1. Gutturis epidemi- 
 ca, Cynanche maligna — 1. Indica, Framboesia — 
 1. Inguinaria, Plague — 1. Polonica, Plica — 1. 
 Sarmatica, Plica — 1. Syphilis, Syphilis — 1. Sy- 
 philodes, Syphilis pseudo-syphilis — 1. Trichoma- 
 tica. Plica — 1. Venerea, Syphilis — 1. Scorbutica, 
 see Purpura. 
 
 LUETTE, Uvula — ?. Vesiccdc, see Urinary 
 bladder. 
 
 LUGDUS, Erysipelas. 
 
 LUJULA. Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 LULLABY SPEECH, Lallation. 
 
 LUMBA'GO, from lumh!, 'the loins.' Arthro'- 
 sia lambo'runi, Litiiibaf/o rheitmat'ica, Nephval'gia 
 rhenmat ' ica, jRachirrheu ' ma, liach iorrheii ' ma, 
 lihcumatis'miis dorsa'lis, Osphyrrlicu' ma. Itheu- 
 matism affecting the lumbar region. 
 
 Lumha'go psoad'ica, L. apontemalo'na, L. nh 
 arthroc'ace. Pain in the loins from abscess. See 
 Psoitis. 
 
 Lumbago a Nistr, see Effort. 
 
 LUMBAR, Lwnha'ris vel Lumhn'lis, (F.) Lom- 
 haire. Belonging or having reference to the 
 loins. 
 
 LtTMBAE Abscess, Psoas abscess, Aposte'ma 
 psoat'icum, Absces'stis lumbo'rum, Morbus psoad'- 
 u'Hs. This abscess is so called from the matter 
 being found on the side of the psoas muscle, or 
 lietwixt that and the iliacus internus. Between 
 these muscles is a quantity of loose, areolar sub- 
 stance; and, when an abscess takes place there, 
 it can find no outlet except by a distant course. 
 Generally, it descends along the psoas muscle, 
 forming a swelling immediately beneath Pou- 
 part's ligament; at tijnes, however, it extends 
 down the thigh under the fascia. Severe hectic 
 follows the bursting of the abscess, and often 
 death. Its causes are, — scrofula, injury to the 
 loins, &c. 
 
 When, from the pain of the back continuing 
 for some time, with other symptoms, the disease 
 b suspected, caustics, or the moxa, applied op- 
 
 posite the transverse processes of the lumbar ver- 
 tebra, may be recommended; and, when the ab- 
 scess is ready for opening, it may be emptied by 
 repeated discharges of the matter, through a 
 small opening, made with a lancet, or small, 
 lancet-pointed trocar. The medical treatment 
 consists in supporting the system, under the 
 great restorative efforts required of it. 
 
 Lumbar Arteries are four or five in number 
 on each side. They arise from the sides of the 
 abdominal aorta, and pass behind the muscles 
 situate in front of the lumbar portion of the spine, 
 to gain the broad muscles of the abdomen. They 
 give off, 1. Spinal branches. 2. Anterior, poste- 
 rior, and external muscular branches. 
 
 Lumbar Nerves are five in number, and issue 
 from the vertebral column by the spinal foramina 
 of the loins. The first lumbar nerve gives off 
 three branches: — the external or ilio-scrotal; the 
 middle or inguino-cutaneovs, and the internal nv 
 infra-pubian. Along with the three pairs below 
 it, it forms the lumbar plexus. 
 
 Lumbar Plexus, Portion lombaire du p>lexus 
 crural ( Ch. ), Plexus Lombo-abdominal. This 
 plexus is formed by the union of the Rami com- 
 mvnican'tes of the anterior branches of the first 
 four lumbar nerves. It is situate behind the psoas 
 muscle, and before the transversa processes of 
 the lumbar vertebrae. It furnishes, besides the 
 branches which proceed from the first pair, seve- 
 ral filaments, that are distributed to the psoas 
 muscle, to the iliacus, the integuments, and glands 
 of the groin ; and three great branches — the cru- 
 ral, obdurator, and lumbosacral. 
 
 Lumbar Region, Lumbi. 
 
 Lumbar Veins have an arrangement analogous 
 to that of the arteries of the same name. They 
 communicate with the vertebral sinuses, azygous 
 veins, &c., and pass into the vena cava inferior. 
 
 LUMBARIS EXTERNUS, Quadratus lumbo- 
 rum — 1. Internus, Psoas magnus. 
 
 LUMBI, The loins, the Lumbar region, Ee'gio 
 lumba'lis, Lap'ara, Psoa, OspJiys, Reins. The 
 posterior regions of the abdomen, comprised be- 
 tween the base of the chest and the pelvis. The 
 parts which enter into the formation of the lum- 
 bar region are, — the skin ; a considerable quan- 
 tity of areolar texture; broad and strong apo- 
 neuroses; — the Latissimus Dorsi, Obliqnus exter- 
 nus, and Obliquus internus abdominis, Transver- 
 salis abdominis, Quadratus lumborvm, and the 
 mass common to the Sacro-lumbalis, Longissimus 
 dorsi, and IluUifidus spina. These muscles sur- 
 round the lumbar region of the vertebral column. 
 The vessels, nerves, &c., of the loins, are called 
 lumbar. 
 
 LUMBO-SACRAL. Belonging to the lumbar 
 and sacral regions. (F.) Lombo-sacre. Bichat 
 calls thus a very large nerve, given off from the 
 anterior branch of the fifth lumbar pair, which 
 descends into the pelvis before the sacrum to join 
 the sciatic plexus. 
 
 LUMBPtlCA'LIS, Vermicula'ris. Resembling 
 a, lumbricus, or 'earthworm.' A name given to 
 small muscles, met with in the palm of the hand 
 and sole of the foot. 
 
 LuMBRiCALES Manus, Fidicina'les, Flexor pri- 
 mi interno'dii digito'rum manHs vel per/ora'tui 
 lumbrica'Us, ( F. ) Annnli-tendino-phalangiens, 
 Palmi-phalangiens. Four small, fleshy, thin, 
 round, long, fusiform fasciculi, situate in the 
 palm of the hand, and distinguished into first, 
 second, third, and fourth, counting from withou** 
 to within. They arise from the tendons of the 
 flexor communis digitorum, and are inserted at 
 the outer and posterior side of the superior ex- 
 tremity of the first phalanges of the last four fin - 
 gers. These muscles bend the fingers on tb.« 
 
LUMBRICUS 
 
 528 
 
 LUXETJII 
 
 metacarpus^ and fix the tendons of the flexor 
 digitorum communis. 
 
 LuMBEiCALES Pedis, (F.) Planti-tendino-pJia- 
 lanyiens, Planti-aous-phalangiens, (Ch.) They 
 are analogous to those of the hand in form, num- 
 ber, and arrangement. They increase the flexion 
 of the toes, and draw them inwards. 
 
 LUMBRICUS, Ascaris lumhricoides — 1. La- 
 tus, Bothriocephalus latus, Taenia solium — 1. 
 Teres hominis, Ascaris lumhricoides. 
 
 LUMBUS VEXERIS, Achillea millefolium. 
 LUMEX, Light, Pupil — 1. Constans, Phos- 
 phorus. ^ 
 
 L VMTERE, Light. 
 
 LUXA, Argentum, Moon — 1. Alhini, Sciatic 
 notch, lesser — 1. Imperfecta, Bismuth — 1. Pota- 
 bilis, Argenti nitras. 
 LUNAR, jLunatic. 
 
 LUNA'RE OS, Os semiluna're. The second 
 hone in the upper row of the carpus. 
 LUNARIA, Menses. 
 
 Luna'ria Redivi'va, Leneo'inm, Bulbonach, 
 Satin, Honesty. Said, by Ray, to be a warm 
 diuretic. 
 
 LUXARIS, Lunatic. 
 
 LU'NATIC, Lunat'iciis, Luna'ris, Lima'rius, 
 Lunar, from luna, 'the moon.' Relating to the 
 moon. An epithet given to diseases which are 
 Eupposed to appear at certain phases of the moon, 
 or to those who are aifected by them. The term 
 lunatic is restricted to one labouring under lu- 
 nacy, or mental alienation; — 3Ioonstntck, Sele- 
 nohle'tus. In law, a lunatic is one who has had 
 an understanding, but by disease, grief, or other 
 accident, has lost the use of his reason. 
 
 LUXATICUS, Epileptic, Lunatic, Somnam- 
 bulist. 
 
 LUISTATISMUS, Somnambulism. 
 L UNE, Moon. 
 LUXELLA, Hypopyon. 
 L UNES, Menses. 
 
 LUNETTES ORDIXATRES, Spectacles. 
 LUNG, Pulmo — 1. Black, of coal miners, An- 
 ihracosis — 1. Cancer of the. Phthisis, cancerous 
 — 1. Fever, Catarrh, Pneumonia. 
 
 LuxG, Perforating Abscess of the. A pu- 
 rulent collection, which forms exterior to the 
 lung, and afterwards perforates its tissue, so that 
 it is evacuated through the bronchial tubes. 
 
 LuxG Proof, Docimasia pulmonum — 1. "Wort, 
 Pulmonaria — 1. Wort, cow's, Verbascum nigrum 
 — 1. Wort, tree. Lichen pulmonarius. 
 
 LUNULA UNGUIUM, see Nail — 1. Scapulae, 
 Notch, scapular. 
 
 LUPIA, Encystis, Wen — 1. Junetura, Spina 
 ventosa.. 
 
 LUPI'NUS. Under this term the lohite lupin, 
 Liipi'nuB al'bua seu sati'vvs, is meant, in some 
 pharmacopoeias. The seeds, which were much 
 eaten in the days of Pliny and of Galen, are now 
 neglected. The meal is, however, occasionally 
 used as an anthelmintic, and as a cataplasm. 
 
 LUPULI'NA, Ln'pjulin, Lupulin'ic glands. A 
 substance which exists in the humulus hqjuhts or 
 hop. It is in the form of small, shining, yellow- 
 ish grains, which cover the base of the scales of 
 the hop ; is pulverulent, and of an aromatic 
 '^dour. When analyzed, it is found to contain 
 resin, volatile oil in small quantity, and a bitter 
 (irinciple. It is aromatic and tonic, and — ac- 
 cording to some — narcotic. 
 
 LUPULINIC GLANDS, Lupulina. 
 LUPULUS, L. humulus— 1. Communis, L. hu- 
 inuhis — 1. Salictarius, L. humulus — 1. Scandens, 
 L. humulus. 
 
 LUPUS, 'the wolf.' So named from its rapa- 
 city. Ulcus Tuherctilo'srim, Cancer lupus, Noli 
 »!»> tangere, Phymato' sis lupus. Tubercular ex- 
 
 crescences, with ragged, spreading ulcerations, 
 chiefly about the alae nasi, where they destroy 
 the skin, &c., for some depth. Sometimes they 
 appear in the cheek, circularly, or in the shape 
 of a sort of ringworm, destroying the substance, 
 and leaving a deep and deformed cicatrix. The 
 knife or caustic should be used to separate the 
 sound from the morbid parts. Asenic has been 
 given internally with advantage. See, also, 
 Herpes exedens, and Lycoides. 
 
 Luprs Cancrosus, Cancer — l.Yaricosus, Naavi 
 — 1. Vorax, Herpes exedens. 
 
 LURCO, Glutton. 
 
 LURID, Lu'ridus. Pale, yellow, saUow; — 
 applied to the compilexion. 
 
 LUROR, Paleness. 
 
 LUSCIOSITAS, Luscitas, Myopia. 
 
 LUSCIOSUS, Borgne, Myops. 
 
 LUS'CITAS, Luscios'itas, Lmcit"ies. Strabis- 
 mus. The term has also been given to all those 
 cases of obliquity in which the ej'e is fixed in an 
 unnatural position. — Beer. 
 
 LUSCITIES. Luscitas. 
 
 LUSTRAMENTUM, Cathartic, 
 
 LUSCUS, Borgne. 
 
 L UT, Lute. 
 
 LUTE, Lutum, ('mud,') CcBmen'tnm. (F.) Lnt. 
 A composition employed either for closing aper- 
 tures in a pharmaceutical instrument, or for 
 covering the surface of retorts, tubes, &c., which 
 have to support a great degree of heat. Lutes 
 are composed differently, according to the object 
 to be accomplished. Commonly they are made 
 of linseed meal and starch. The fat lute is formed 
 of clay and drying oil. Sometimes, the white of 
 egg and lime are used; and that which is em- 
 ploj'ed for covering vessels, intended to be 
 strongly heated, is made of clay, sifted sand, and 
 water. 
 
 LUTEOLA, Reseda luteola. 
 
 LUTEUS, Yellow. 
 
 LUTRON, Aourpoi'. A bath. Also, an oph- 
 thalmic medicine." — Galen. 
 
 LUX, Light. 
 
 LUXATIO, Luxation — 1. Imperfecta, Sprain. 
 
 LUXA'TION, Ehixa'tion, from hixare, 'to put 
 out of place.' Bisloca'tion, OlistJie'wa, Apoped'- 
 asis, Luxa'tio, Lisloca'tio, Ec'clisis, Strem'mn, 
 Luxatu'ra, Ectop'ia, Ecjito'sis, Elap'sus, Lygis'- 
 mus, Erno'tio, Ec'stasis, Exarthre'tna, Exarthra'- 
 nia, Exarthre'ma luxa'tio, Exarthro'sis, Exo'sis, 
 Exothc'sis, Paratop'ia, Streblo'sis, Deloca'tio, 
 Exarticida'tio, (F.) Luxation, Dislocation, L)c- 
 hoitement. A displacement of a part from its 
 proper situation. A putting out of joint. A 
 displacement of two or more bones, whose arti- 
 cular surfaces have lost, wholly, or in part, their 
 natural connexion; either owing to external vio- 
 lence, (accidental luxation,) or to disease of some 
 of the parts about the joint [spontaneous luxation.) 
 Luxation is complete when the bones have entirely 
 lost their natural connexion ; incomplete, when 
 they partly preserve it; and compiound, when a 
 wound communicates with the luxated joint. 
 The general indications of treatment, are; — 1 
 To reduce the pirotruded bone to its original 
 place. 2. To retain it in situ. 3. To obviatt 
 any attendant or consequent symptoms. 
 
 To reduce requires extension, counter-exten- 
 sion, and coaptation. 
 
 LUXEUIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Saline 
 waters, at the town of Luxenil, at the foot of the 
 Vosges, in the department of Haute Saone. Five 
 springs are thermal, and two cold. They seem 
 to contain carbonic acid, cnrbonates of iron and 
 lime, and chloride of sodium ; and are employed 
 as aperient, tonic, and stimulant. 
 
LTCANCHE 
 
 529 
 
 LYMPHANGIE CT ASIS 
 
 LTCAIST'CHE, Lycnn'cMs, from \\iko;, 'a wolf,' 
 and ayxia, 'I strangle.' WoJf quinsy, Wolf choak; 
 — as Cynanche means Dog choak. Also, hydro- 
 phobia. See Lycoides. 
 
 LYCANCHIS, Lycanche. 
 
 LYCANTHROPE, see Lycanthropia. 
 
 LYCANTHRO'PIA, from Au-co?, ' a wolf,' and 
 avSpanrog, 'a, man :' Lyca'on, Tnsa'nia lupi'na, Ly- 
 enma'nia. A variety of melancholy, in which 
 the person believes himself to be changed into a 
 wolf, and imitates the voice and habits of that 
 animal. One so circumstanced is called a Ly'- 
 cantkrope, Lycanthro' pus. 
 
 LYCANTHROPUS, see Lycanthropia. 
 
 LYCAON, Lvcanthropia. 
 
 LYCHNIDIUM, Biolychnium. 
 
 LYCHNIS OFFICINALIS, Saponaria— 1. Syl- 
 vestris, Saponaria. 
 
 LYCHNIUM, Biolychnium. 
 
 LYCOi'DES, Lyco'des, from Xuko?, 'a wolf,' 
 and uhoq, 'form.' Ltqio sim'iUs. An epithet for 
 a species of cynanche, called, also. Lupus, and 
 Strniujula'tor, and absurdly attributed to exces- 
 sive retention of sperm in its reservoirs and its 
 passage into the blood (?). — Galen. 
 
 L YCOPE BE VIRGINIE, Lycopus Virgini- 
 cus. 
 
 LYCOPER'DOiSr, from \vko?. 'a wolf,' and 
 TTcp.^o), 'I break wind;' L. Bovis'ta seu Arrhi'zon 
 seu Gloho'sum, Crep'itus Lvpi, Fungus Chirurgo'- 
 rtiyn, Puff-hall, Bull Fists, ifol'lipuffs, Bovis'ta, 
 (F.) Vesselonp. The puff-ball dries into a very 
 fine, light brownish dust, which is sometimes used 
 as a mechanical st}'ptic to arrest hemorrhage. 
 
 Lycoperdon Arrhizon, Lycoperdou — 1. Glo- 
 bosum, Lycoperdon — 1. Gulosorum, L. Tuber. 
 
 Lycoper'don Tuber, L. Guloso'rum, Tuber 
 Agriocas'tanum, Trubs, Tuber ciba'ri/um seu Gu- 
 h'fo'rum seu Nigrum, Tu'hera Terrcp, Truffle, 
 (pronounced troojie,) Tuckaho, (F.) Truffe. A 
 fleshy, firm body, unknown in its mode of repro- 
 duction, which is found under ground, especially 
 In different parts of France, Italy, Ac, and is 
 much esteemed as an aliment. It seems to be- 
 long to the champignons, and has a particular 
 perfume. Aphrodisiac virtues have been ascribed 
 to it. 
 
 LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM^ Solanum 
 lycopersieum — 1. Pomum araoris, Solanum lyco- 
 persieum — 1. Tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 LYCOPO'DIUM, from Xlko?, 'a wolf,' and rou?, 
 'afoot.' L. Clava' turn seu Officina'le, Lej^ido'tis 
 cJaim'ta, Cingtda'ria, Muscus clava'tus, Cinb-moss, 
 Wolf's-claw. This is the largest of the European 
 mosses. The dust, which fills the capsules of its 
 spikes, is very inflammable, and hence has been 
 called Vegetable Sul^yhur ; — and, also, Fari'na 
 seu Pulvis seu Semen seu Sulpihur Lycopo'dii. 
 It is used in France to roll pills and boluses in ; 
 and in medicine is a desiccative, in the excoria- 
 tions to which infants are liable. It is collected 
 chiefly in Switzerland and Germany for com- 
 merce. 
 
 LTCOPo'Dimr CoMPLANA'Tmr, Common Club- 
 moss, Ground Pine; indigenous; has the same 
 properties as Lycopodium selago. 
 
 Lycopo'dium Officinale, L. clavatum — 1. 
 Recurvum, L. Selago. 
 
 Lycopodium Sela'go, L. Recur'vum, Planan'- 
 tJiiis fastiga'tus seu sela'go, 3fuseiis erec'tus seu 
 Cathar'ticus, Sela'go, Upright Club-moss, Fir 
 CInb-moss, Upright Fir-moss. A decoction of 
 this plant acts violently as an emetic and purga- 
 tive : and was formerly, on this account, used as 
 an abortive. It is also employed to kill vermin. 
 
 LY'COPUS, L. Virgin'icus, Buglezceed, Water 
 34 
 
 Bugle, Wafer Horehound, Gypsy Weed, Pavfy 
 Bet'ony, (F.) Lycope de Virginie. This indige- 
 nous herb. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia, Nat. 
 Ord. Labiate, grows throughout the greater part 
 of the United States. The whole herb is said to 
 be slightly narcotic. It is given in infusion, 
 [Lycop. ^i ; aq. fervent. Oj.) 
 
 Lycopus Sinua'tus, Water Horehound, Gypsy 
 Weed, Paul's Bet' any, indigenous, has similar 
 properties. 
 
 Lycopus Virginicus, Lycopus. 
 
 LYCOREXIS, Fames lupina. 
 
 LYCOSA TARENTULA, see Tarantula. 
 
 LYCOSTOMA, Hyperoochasma, 
 
 LYE, Lixivium, Ley — 1. Dyspeptic, see Fuli- 
 gokali — 1. Medical, see Fuligokali. 
 
 LYGISMUS, Luxation. 
 
 LYGMODES, Singultous. 
 
 LYGMUS, Singultus. 
 
 LYGODES, Singultous. 
 
 LYING-IN STATE, Parturient state. 
 
 LYMA, Lochia. 
 
 LYMPH, Lympha, from wjx(pr}, ' water,' by 
 changing v into X. White blood, Lympha Nu- 
 trit"ia. A name given to the fluid contained i© 
 the lymphatic vessels and thoracic duct of ani- 
 mals, which have been made to fast for 24 hours. 
 According to Chevreul, the lymph of the dog 
 contains water, fibrin, albumen, common salt, 
 subcarbonate of soda, phosphates of lime and 
 magnesia, and carbonate of lime. The properties 
 and composition of lymph vary somewhat ac- 
 cording to the part whence the lymphatic vessels 
 obtain it. Generally, it is under the form of a 
 transparent, slightly alkaline fluid, sometimes of 
 a madder-red or yellowish colour, — of a spermatic 
 odour, and saline taste; soluble in water, — the 
 solution becoming turbid, when mixed with alco- 
 hol. When left to itself, it coagulates. The clot 
 or solid portion becomes of a scarlet red, if put 
 in contact with oxj'gen ; and of a purple red, if 
 placed in carbonic acid. 
 
 Like the blood, the lymph consists of a fluid in 
 which lymph corpuscles or globtdcs are suspended. 
 
 The lymph is probably the product of internal 
 absorption in different parts of the body : it then 
 flows along the lymphatic vessels, uniting with 
 the chyle, and is poured with it into the veins ; 
 thus becoming one of the materials of the blood. 
 According to others, the blood, when it reaches 
 the arterial radicles, is divided into two portions,. 
 — the one red, which is carried to the heart, — 
 the other serous or white, which is absorbed by 
 the lymphatic vessels, and constitutes the lymph. 
 By others, again, the lymphatics are considered 
 to be the vessels of return for the white blood 
 sent to certain tissues. White blood, however, 
 has probably no existence. 
 
 The word lymph is sometimes used erroneously 
 by the surgeon to signify liquor sanguinis. 
 
 Lymph, Coagulable, Fibrin, Liquor sanguinis 
 — 1. Corpuscles, see Lymph — 1. Globules, see 
 Lymph — 1. Hearts, Lymphatic hearts — 1. Plastic, 
 Liquor sanguinis. 
 
 LYMPHA, Lymph — 1. Arborum, see Sap — 1. 
 Muculenta narium, Nasal mucus — 1. Nutritia, 
 Lymph — 1. Pancreatis, see Pancreas — 1. Pericar- 
 dii, see Pericardium—l. Plastiea, Fibrin. 
 
 LYMPHADENI'TIS: from lympha, 'lymph, 
 and adeni'tis, 'inflammation of a gland.' /»• 
 ffamma'tio glandida' rum lymphatioa'rum, Adeni'- 
 tis lymphat'ica, (F.) Adenite lymphatiqne. In- 
 flammation of a lymphatic gland or ganglion. 
 
 LYMPH^DUCTUS, Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 LYMPHANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 LYMPHANGIA, Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 LYMPHANG I E C'TAS I S, Lymp>heury9'ma / 
 
LYMPHANGITIS 
 
 530 
 
 LYTHRUM 
 
 from lymph, ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and EKraatg, 'dila- 
 tation.' Dilatation of lymphatic vessels. 
 
 LYMPHANGITIS, Angeioleueitis. 
 
 LYMPHANGIOG'RAPHY, Lymphangiogra- 
 ph'ia; from lymph, ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and ypa(i(i;7, 
 ' a description.' A description of the lymphatic 
 
 LYMPHANGIOITIS, Angeioleueitis. 
 
 LYMPHANGIOL'OGY, from Lymphangion, 
 'a lymphatic,' and Xoyof, 'a description.' A 
 treatise on the lymphatics. 
 
 LYMPHANGIOT'OMY, Lymphangiotom'la ; 
 from lyraph, ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and to^iii, 'inci- 
 sion.' The anatomy or dissection of the lym- 
 phatic vessels. 
 
 V LYMPHANGON'CUS, Lymphon'cus; from 
 lymph, ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.' 
 Tumefaction of the lymphatics. 
 
 LYMPHAT'IC, Lymphat'icua. That which 
 relates to lymph. 
 
 Lymphatic Hearts. Lymph Hearts. The 
 frog and several other animals are provided with 
 large receptacles for the lymph immediately un- 
 derneath the skin, which exhibit distinct and 
 regular pulsations like the sanguiferous heart. 
 Their use appears to be — to propel the lymph. 
 
 Lymphatic System is that particular system 
 of organs which is inservient to the formation and 
 circulation of lymph. These organs are : 
 
 1. Lymphatic Ganglions or Glands, see 
 Conglobate. 
 
 2. Lymphatic Vessels, LympheEduc' tus, Lym- 
 phangi'a, Lymphange'a, Venm (ympkat'iccB, Ductus 
 eero'si, Vasa lymphatiea, V. reeorben'tia, Vaaa hy- 
 drayo'ga, Hydrangi'a. These are very numerous. 
 Arising at the surface of membranes and in the 
 tissue of the organs, they carry into the veins the 
 lymph from those parts. Lymphatic vessels are 
 found in every part of the body. AVherever they 
 are met with, however, they form two orders, — 
 one superficial, the other deep-seated ; — the two 
 orders frequently communicating with each other. 
 Lymphatic vessels are generally smaller than 
 arteries and veins. They are very thin, diapha- 
 nous, and cylindrical; but present, here and 
 there, more or less considerable dilatations, 
 caused by valves in their interior. They are 
 ftlightly tortuous in their course; their anasto- 
 moses are very numerous, and they often cross 
 each other, forming successive plexuses. Of the 
 arrangement of the extreme radicles we are igno- 
 rant. All the branches, before joining the prin- 
 cipal trunks, pass through lymphatic ganglions, 
 in which they are convoluted, or subdivide almost 
 ad infinitum. They are formed of an outer cel- 
 lular membrane and an internal coat, similar to 
 that of the veins ; of the latter, the valves are 
 formed. All the lymphatics of the body ulti- 
 mately discharge themselves into the subclavian 
 and internal jugular veins. Two of these trunks 
 are considerably larger than the others, — the 
 thoracic duct, and the great trunk of the right 
 side, (F.) La grande veine lymphatiqne droite. 
 The former receives the lymphatics of the abdo- 
 men, of the lower extremities, the left side of the 
 thorax, the left upper extremity, and the corre- 
 sponding side of the head and neck; the latter 
 receives those of the right upper extremity, and 
 of the right side of the head, neck and thorax. 
 
 LYMPHATITIS, Angeioleueitis. 
 
 L YMPHE DE GO TUG NO, Cotunuius, liquor 
 of. 
 
 LYMPIIEURYSMA. Lymphangiectasis. 
 
 J;YMPniTIS, Angeioleueitis. 
 
 LYMPHIZA'TION. A term used by Profes- 
 tior Gross to signify effusion of coagulable lyraph. 
 It is not a happy word, inasmuch as lymph has 
 
 another meaning, whilst the term 'coagnlablo 
 lymph' is now almost abandoned. 
 
 LYMPHOCHE'ZIA, from lympha, 'lymph,' 
 and x>?^w, ' I go to stool.' Serous diarrhoea. 
 
 LYMPHONCUS, Lymphangoncus — 1. Iridis, 
 Iridauxesis. 
 
 LYMPHOPYRA, Fever, adjeno-meningeal. 
 
 LYMPHO'SIS. The preparation or elabora- 
 tion of lymph. 
 
 LYMPHOT'OMY, from lympha, 'lymph,' and 
 TCfivu), ' I cut.' Dissection of the lymphatics. 
 
 LYNCH'S EMBROCA'TION. An emollient 
 nostrum, formed of olive oil impregnated with 
 bergamot and other essences, and coloured with 
 alkaiiet root. 
 
 LYNGODES, Singultous — 1. Febris, Fever, 
 singultous. 
 
 LYNGYODES, Singultous. 
 
 LYNN WAHOO, Ulmus alata. 
 
 LYNX, Siugultus. 
 
 LYPE, Athymia. 
 
 LYPEMANIA, Melancholy. 
 
 LYPE'RIA CRO'CEA. A South African 
 plant, Nnt. Ord. Scrophulariacese, the flowers of 
 which closely resemble saffron in smell and tasto, 
 and possess similar medical virtues. 
 
 LYPEROPHRENIi:, Melancholy. 
 
 LYPOMA, Lipoma. 
 
 LYPOTHYM'IA, from \vt:v, 'sadness,' and 
 ^viios, 'heart, courage.' Very great sadness or 
 despondency. 
 
 LYRA, 'Xvpa, 'the lyre.' Psalter, Psalte'rium, 
 Corpus PsalloVdes, Lyra Da'vidis, Lam'ina me- 
 dulla'ris triangula'ris cer'ebri, Spa'tium tri'go- 
 num. The under surface of the posterior part of 
 the body of the fornix is impressed with nume- 
 rous transverse and oblique lines, which have 
 been so called from some resemblance they bear 
 to the ancient lyre. 
 
 LYRINGIUM, Eryngium campestre. 
 
 LYSIA, Lysis. 
 
 LYSIMA'CHIA NUMMULA'RIA, L. nem'o- 
 rum, Niimmula'ria, Hirundina'ria, Centimor'hia, 
 Creeping Looxe Strife, Money Wort, (F.) Herhe 
 aitx ecus. This plant was formerly accounted 
 vulnerary. It has been considered to possess 
 antiscorbutic and astringent qualities, and has 
 been used in leucorrhoea. 
 
 Lysimachia Purpurea, Lythrum salicaria, 
 
 Lysima'chia Q,v A'D'D.\TQ'i.i\,Four-Leaved Loose 
 Strife, Crosswort, an indigenous plant, is astrin- 
 gent ; and has been used as a stomachic and an- 
 tiperiodic. 
 
 LYSIS, Lysia, from Xuu, 'I dissolve.' Solu- 
 tion. A common suffix ; also, a name g'iven to 
 solutions or terminations of disease, which are 
 operated insensibl}'; that is, gradually and with- 
 out critical symptoms. 
 
 LYSSA, Hydrophobia — 1. Canina, Hydropho- 
 bia. 
 
 LYSSAS, Maniodes. 
 
 LYSSETER, Maniodes. 
 
 LYSSODEC'TUS, from Xu<r<ra, 'canine mad- 
 ness,' and &aKV(i), 'I bite.' Hydroph'obus ; Cani 
 rab'ido morsus. One who has been bitten by a 
 mad dog, or is actually labouring under hydro- 
 phobia. 
 
 LYSSODEG'MA, Lyssodeg'mus, Lyssodexis, 
 same etvnion. The bite of a mad dog. 
 
 LYSSODKXIS, Lyssodegma. 
 
 LYTE'RIOS, \vTiiptos, (from Aum, 'I dissolve,') 
 'solving.' An epithet given to those signs which 
 announce the solution of a very violent disease. 
 
 LYTHRUM SALICA'RIA, Lysima'chia pur- 
 pu'rea, S(dica'ria viilga'ris seu spica'taj — the 
 Common or Purple Willow Ucrb. 'The herb, root, 
 
LYTTA 
 
 531 
 
 MACROTES 
 
 and flowers possess a consideraMe degree of as- 
 tringency, and are used, occasionally, in the cure 
 of diarrhoea and dysentery, leucorrhoea, hsemop- 
 tysis, &c. 
 
 LYTTA VESICATORIA, Cantharis. 
 
 Ltttta Ru'fipes. A variety of Lytta, peculiar 
 10 Chili, which is more active as a vesicant than 
 the cantharis, or the lytta next described. 
 
 Lytta Vitta'ta, Oan'fharis vt'ttata, Pota'to 
 Fly, (F.) Cantharide tachetee. Four species of 
 meloe that blister are found in the United States. 
 The lytta vittata feeds principally upon the po- 
 tato plant, and, at the proper season of the year, 
 may be collected in immense numbers. The po- 
 tato fly resembles the cantharides in every pro- 
 perty, and is fully equal to them. 
 
 M. 
 
 M. This letter signifies, in prescriptions, 7na- 
 nipulus, 'a handful.' Also, misce, 'mix.' See 
 Abbreviation. 
 
 MACAPATLI, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 MACARO'NL An alimentary paste, moulded 
 of a cylindrical shape, and formed of rice or 
 wheaten flour. It is eaten — when boiled — in 
 soup — prepared with cheese, &c. 
 
 Also, a name formerly given to a pulverulent 
 compound of sugar and glass of antimony, car- 
 ried into France by the Italian monks, and em- 
 ployed at the hospital La Charite in the treat- 
 ment of painters' colic. 
 
 MACE, see Myristica moschata — m. Reed, 
 Typha latifolia. 
 
 MACEDONISIUM, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 
 MACER, Gracilis. 
 
 MACERA'TION, Maeera'do, from macero, '1 
 soften by water.' An operation which consists 
 in infusing, usually without heat, a solid sub- 
 stance in a liquid, so as to extract its virtues. 
 
 MACERONA, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 
 MACES, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 MACBSCERE, Emaciate. ■ 
 
 MACH^RA. Culter, Knife, Penis. 
 
 MACH^RIDION, Maeharion. 
 
 MACH^'RION, Machm'ris, MnchcBrid'ion, 
 Glad'iolus. A knife. An amputating knife. Rufus 
 of Ephesus asserts, that the Aruspices gave this 
 name to a part of the liver of animals. 
 
 MACHiBRIS, Knife, Novacula. 
 
 MACHA'ON, from jia^xata, *I desire to fight.' 
 The son of ^seulapius, and a celebrated phy- 
 sician. 
 
 MACHAO'NIA seu MACHAON'ICA ARS. 
 Medicine. The Healing Art: — so called after 
 Maehaon, the son of ^sculapius. 
 
 MACHI'NAL, Mechan'icus. This epithet is 
 added especially by French writers to the word 
 movement, to express that the will takes no part 
 in it. 
 
 MACHINE', Mcxch'ina, Machinamen'tum, 
 Me'cliane, Mechane'ma. A more or less com- 
 pound instrument, used in physics and chymis- 
 try to put a body in motion, or to produce any 
 action whatever. Physiologists sometimes use it 
 for the animal body ; — as the machine or animal 
 machine. 
 
 MACHLOSYNE, Nymphomania, 
 
 MACHOIRE, Maxillary bone — m. Diacrani- 
 enne, Maxillary bone, lower — m. Syncranienne, 
 Maxillary bone, superior. 
 
 MACIES, Atrophy, Emaciation — m. Infantum, 
 Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 MACILENTUS, Gracilis. 
 
 MACIS, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 MACRAU'CHEN, from fiospof, 'long,' and 
 avxrjv, ' the neck.' Longo collo jorce'ditus. One 
 who has a long neck. — Galen. 
 
 31 AG RE FLOTTANTE, Trapa natans. 
 
 MACRITUDO, Emaciation. 
 
 MACROBIOSIS, Longevity. 
 
 MACROBIOTES, Longevity. 
 
 MACROBIOT'IC, Macrobiot'icus, Ifacrobi'o- 
 tus, Macro'bius, Longce'vus, from /lOKp);, ' great,' 
 ' long,' and ^los, ' life.' That which lives a long 
 time. The macrobiotic art is the art of living a 
 long time. 
 
 MACROBIOTUS, Macriobiotic. 
 
 MACROBIUS, Macrobiotic. 
 
 MACRO CEPH'ALUS, from iiaKpo^, 'grent,' 
 ' long,' and Ke<()a\t;, ' head.' Qui mngnum hahet 
 cajjut. ' One who has a large head.' This epi- 
 thet is given to children born with heads so lar!;o 
 that they seem to be hydrocephalic; but in which 
 the unusual development is owing to a large size 
 of the brain. Such are supposed to be more than 
 ordinarily liable to convulsions. (?) The term 
 has also been applied by Hippocrates to certain 
 Asia.tics who had long heads. See Capitones. 
 
 MACROCO'LIA, from itaicpos, 'great,' and 
 Ku)'Xov, 'a limb.' Great length of limbs in general, 
 and of the lower limbs in particular. 
 
 MACRODAC'TYLUS, from ftaKoog, 'great,' 
 and SuKTv'Xos, 'a finger.' Having long fingers. 
 
 MACROGASTER PLATYPUS, Acarus folli- 
 culorum. 
 
 MACROGLOSSA, see Macroglossus. 
 
 MACROGLOS'SUS, from ^LUKpo;, 'large,' and 
 yXditraa, ' tongue.' One who has a very large or 
 prolapsed tongue. See Paraglossa. 
 
 MACR0N0SIJ5, Chronic diseases. 
 
 MACROPHAL'LUS, from naKpos, 'large,' and 
 (paWo;, 'the male organ.' A large size of tho 
 male organ. 
 
 MACROPHO'NUS, from itaKpos, 'great,' and 
 (PiDirj, 'voice.' One who has a strong voice. 
 
 •MACRO PHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from [laKpos, 
 'long,' 6vaa, 'air,' and Kt<pa\ri, 'head.' A word 
 used by Ambrose Pare to designate an augmen- 
 tation of the head of the foetus, produced by a 
 sort of emphysema [?], which retards delivery. 
 
 MACROPIPER, Piper longum. 
 
 MACROPNCE'A, from iiaKpog, 'long,' and -zvcu, 
 ' I breathe.' A long and deep respiration. 
 
 MACROP'NUS, Macrop'noos. One who 
 breathes slowly : — a word met with in some au- 
 thors. — Hippocrates. 
 
 MACROP'ODUS, Mac'ropu8, from fiaKp<n. 
 'great,' and -ovg, 'foot.' One who has a larce 
 foot. 
 
 MACROR, Emaciation. 
 
 MACROR'RHIS, from itaKpo^, 'great,' and pn 
 or piv, 'nose.' One who has a long nose. 
 
 MACROS, Long. 
 
 MACROS'CELES, Crura longn hahens ; from 
 fioKpog, 'long,' and aKcXog, 'the leg.' One who 
 has long legs. 
 
 MACROSI^, Chronic diseases. 
 
 MACRO'TES, from /laKpog, 'great,' and »»t. 
 'an ear.' One who has long ears. 
 
MACROTRYS 
 
 532 
 
 MAGNESIA 
 
 MACROTIIYS EACEMOSA, see Actsea race- 
 mosa. 
 
 MACULA. A spot. DyscTiroe'a, Celia, Labes, 
 (F.) Tache. A permanent discoloration of some 
 portion of the skin, often with a change of its 
 texture. JEphelia, Nmvus, Spilus, &c., belong to 
 Maculae. 
 
 Macula, Molecule — m. Corneae, Caligo — m. 
 Cornese arcuata, Gerotoxon — m. Corneae marga- 
 ritacea, Paralampsis — m. Cribrosa, see Auditory 
 canal, internal — m. Fusca, Ephelides — m. Ger- 
 minativa, see Molecule — m. Hepatica, Chloasma 
 materna, Nnevus — m. Lenticularis, Ephelides — 
 in. Lutea retinae, see Foramen centrale — m. Ma- 
 tricalis, Ntfivus — m. Matricis, Najvus — m. Solaris, 
 Ephelides. 
 
 MACULE ANTE OCULOS VOLITANTES, 
 Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MACULOSUS, Sable. 
 MAD, Insane. 
 MADAR, Mudar. 
 
 MADARO'SIS, from fxaSos, 'bald.' Madaro'- 
 ma, Made'sis, Iladar'otes, Made'ma, Mad'isis, 
 Depluma'tio, MilphcB, Ililpho'sis, Ptilo'sis, Cal- 
 vi'ties. Loss of the hair, particularly of the eye- 
 lashes. 
 
 MADAROTES, Madarosis. 
 MADDER, DYERS', Rubia. 
 MADEIRA, CLIMATE OF. This island is 
 much frequented by pulmonary invalids, on ac- 
 count of the mildness and equability of its cli- 
 mate. Owing, indeed, to the mildness of the 
 winter, and the coolness of the summer, together 
 with the remarkable equality of the temperature 
 during day and night, as well as throughout the 
 year, it has been considered that the climate of 
 Madeira is the finest in the northern hemisphere. 
 Sir James Clark is of opinion that there is no 
 place on the continent of Europe, with which he 
 is acquainted, where the pulmonary invalid could 
 reside with so much advantage, during the whole 
 year, as in Madeira. 
 
 MADELEON, Bdellium. 
 MADEMA, Madarosis. 
 MADESIS, Depilation, Madarosis. 
 MADISIS, Depilation, Madarosis. 
 MADISTE'RIUM, Iladiste'rion, Trichola'- 
 ly'iuni, Tnchol'abis, Volsel'la. Tweezers. An in- 
 strument for extracting hairs. 
 
 MADNESS, CANINE, Hydrophobia — m. 
 Raving or furious, Mania. 
 
 MADOR, Moisture. A cold sweat. 
 MADREPORA OCULATA, see Coral. 
 MADWEED, Scutellaria lateriflora. 
 MAEA, Midwife. 
 MAEEIA, Obstetrics. 
 MAEIA, Obstetrics. 
 MAEUTRIA, Midwife. 
 
 MAGDA'LIA, Magda'leon, Nagdalis. Crumb 
 <if bread. Any medicine, as a pill, formed of 
 crumb of bread. A roll of plaster. 
 MAGEIRICE, Culinary art. 
 MAGGOT PIMPLE, see Acne. 
 MAGIS, jiayii, 'a cake.' A sort of cake, com- 
 jiosed of cloves, garlic and cheese, beaten toge- 
 ther. — Hippocrates. 
 
 MAGISTERIUM, Magistery — m. Bismuthi, 
 Bismuth, subnitrate of — m. Jalapae, Resin of 
 Jalap — m. Marcasitae, Bismuth, subnitrate of — 
 III. Plumm, Plumbi subcarbonas — m. Sulphuris, 
 Sulphur lotum — m. Tartari purgans, Potassae 
 jicctas. 
 
 MAG"ISTERY, Magiste'rium, from magiater, 
 ' It master.' Certain precipitates from saline so- 
 lutions were formerly so called; as well as other 
 medicines, the preparation of which was kept 
 iie-cret. 
 
 Magisteby of Bismuth, Bismuth, subnitrate 
 of. 
 
 MAG"ISTRAL, ITagistra'lis. Same etymon. 
 Extempora' neous. Medicines are so called which 
 are prepared extemporaneously; officinal medi- 
 cines being such as have been prepared for some 
 time before they are prescribed. 
 MAGISTRANTIA, Imperatoria. 
 MAGMA, nayna, (F.) Marc. The thick resi- 
 duum, obtained after expressing certain sub- 
 stances to extract the fluid parts from them. The 
 grounds which remain after treating a substance 
 with water, alcohol, or any other menstruum. 
 Also, a salve of a certain consistence. 
 
 Magma or Maec of Olives is the residuum 
 after the greatest possible quantity of oil has been 
 extracted from olives by making them ferment. 
 It was formerly employed as a stimulant, under 
 the form of a hath — to which the name Bain de 
 Marc was given by the French. 
 
 Magma or Marc of Grapes, Bry'tia, was 
 once employed for the same purposes. 
 
 MAG3IA RETIOULE, 'reticulated magma.' 
 The gelatiniform substance found between the 
 chorion and amnion in the early period of em'- 
 bryonic existence. 
 MAGNES, Magnet. 
 
 Magnes Arsekica'lis. {Sulphur, white arse- 
 nic, and common antimony, of each equal parts. 
 Mix by fusion.) It is corrosive. See Magnetic 
 plaster. 
 
 Magnes Epilepsia, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
 rubrum. 
 
 MAGNE'SIA, Aharnalias, Chamhar, Terra 
 ama'ra, Magnesia terra, Talc earth; from mag- 
 nes, 'the magnet;' because it was supposed to 
 have the power of attracting substances from the 
 air. Its metallic base is magne'sium. 
 
 Magnesia, M. nsta, M. calcina'ta, Cal'cined 
 Magnesia, Oxide of magne'sium, (F.) Magnesie 
 brulee, Magnesie, M. Caustique. This is obtained 
 by exposing carbonate of magnesia to a strong 
 heat. It is inodorous ; taste very slightly bitter; 
 in the form of a white, light, spongy, soft pow- 
 der. S. g. 2.3; requiring 2000 times its weight 
 of water for its solution. It is antacid, and lax- 
 ative when it meets with acid in the stomach. 
 Dose, gr. x to ^j in water or milk. 
 
 Magnesia Aerata, Magnesise carbonas — m. 
 Alba, M. carbonas — m. Calcinata, M. usta — m. 
 Citrate of, Magnesiae citras — m. Edinburgensis, 
 M. carbonas. 
 
 Magnesia, Effertescing, Moxon's. {Mag- 
 nes. carb. ; M. sulphat. ; Sodm bicarbon.. Acid 
 tartaric, aa partes aequales; to be pulverized, 
 well dried, mixed, and enclosed in bottles herme- 
 tically sealed.) Dose, a teaspoonful in half a 
 tumbler of water, drunk in a state of effervescence. 
 Magnesia, Fluid. Under this name a prepa- 
 ration is designated, which consists of a solution 
 of carbonate of magnesia in carbonated water. 
 It is also termed carbonated magnesia water, o?- 
 rated magnesia water, and condensed solution of 
 magnesia, (F.) Eau magnesienne. 
 
 Magnesia, Henry's, Magnesiae carbonas — m, 
 Mitis, Magnesiae carbonas — m. Muriate of, Mag 
 nesii chloridum — m. Nigra, Manganese, black 
 oxide of. 
 
 Magnesia Opali'na. A name given by L6- 
 m§ry to a mixture of equal parts of antimoni/, 
 nitrate of potass, and chloride of sodivjn, (decre- 
 pitated.) It has emetic properties, but is not 
 used. 
 
 Magnesia Salis Amari, Magnesiae carbonas 
 — m. Salis El)sdamensiB, Magnesite carbonas — m. 
 Saturni, Antimonium — m. Solution of, condensed, 
 M. fluid — m. Subcarbonate of, Magnesia; carbo- 
 
MAGNESIAN 
 
 533 
 
 MAGNETISM 
 
 Has — m. Subcarbonate of, Hydrated, Magnesiae 
 earbonas — m. Terra, Magnesia — m. Vitriolata, 
 Magnesise sulphas — m. and Soda, sulphate of, see 
 Soda, sulphate of — m. Usta, Magnesia. 
 
 MagnesIjE Car'bonas, M. Sabcar'honas, Mag- 
 nesia, (Dublin,) M. aera'ta, M. carbon' ica, 31. 
 alba, Siibcar' honate of Magnesia, Hy'drated Sub- 
 ear'bonate of Magnesia, Henry's llagnesia, M. 
 Snhcarbon' ica, M. Mitis, M. Edinburgen'sis, M. 
 So-lis Ebsdamen'sis, M. Salis ama'ri, Car'bonas 
 magne'sicum, Lao terra, Hi/pocar'bonas magne'- 
 si(B, T. aniara aera'ta, T. ubsor'bens minera'lis, 
 T. Talco'sa oxyanthraco' des, (F.) Sous-carbonate 
 ou carbonate de Magnesie, Magnesie aeree, M. 
 blanche, M. crayeuse, M. douce, M. effervescente, 
 M. moyenne, Poudre de Sentinelli, P. de Valen- 
 tini, P. du Comte de Palme. Prepared from sul- 
 phate of magnesia by subcarbonate of potass. It 
 is inodorous ; insipid ; light ; white ; spongy ; 
 opake; effervescing with acids; insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Properties the same as the last; but the 
 carbonic acid, when set free, sometimes causes 
 unpleasant distension. 
 
 Magnesije Citras, Citrate of Magnesia, (F.) 
 Citrate de JIagnesie. A saline preparation, formed 
 by saturating a solution of citric acid with either 
 magnesia or its carbonate. Dose, an ounce. It 
 is devoid of the bitter taste of the magnesian 
 salts. 
 
 A solution in water, or in mineral water, sweet- 
 ened with syrup, and acidulated with citric acid, 
 makes an agreeable purgative. A simple solu- 
 tion in water has been called magnesian lemonade. 
 In the effervescing state, it is the effervescing 
 magnesian lemonade. The Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States (1851) has a form for the Liquor 
 Magnesia Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate of llag- 
 nesia. Take of Carbonate of magnesia, ^v ; ci- 
 tric acid, ^viiss ; Syrup of citric acid, f§ij ; 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve the citric 
 acid in f^iv of water, and add ^iv of the carbo- 
 nate of magnesia, previously rubbed with f^iij of 
 water. When the reaction has ceased, filter into 
 a strong f^xij glass bottle, into which the syrup 
 of citric acid has been previously introduced. 
 Rub the remaining carbonate of magnesia with 
 f^ij of water, and pour the mixture into the 
 bottle, which must be well corked, and secured 
 with twine ; and shake the mixture occasionally 
 until it becomes transparent. 
 
 Magnesije Hypocarbonas, M. earbonas — m. 
 Subcarbonas, M. earbonas — m. Vitriolicum, Mag- 
 nesia sulphas. 
 
 Magnesia Sulphas, Sidphas Magnesice piiri- 
 Jica'tn, Magnesia vitriola'ta, Sal cathar'ticus 
 ama'rus, Sal catkarticum amarum, Sal ama'rum, 
 S. Anglica'num, Sulphate of Magnesia, Sal Ep- 
 somen'sis, Sal catharticus Anglica'nus, Sal Sedli- 
 cen'sis, Sal Ebsdamen'se, S. Seydschutzen'se, Terra 
 ama'ra sulphu'rica, Vitriol'icum Magne'sicB, Ej)- 
 som Salt, Bitter purging Salt, (F.) Sulfate de 
 magnesie, Sel admirable de Lemery, Sel d'egra. 
 Generally obtained from sea-water. Its taste is 
 bitter and disagreeable. It is soluble in an equal 
 quantity of water at 60°. It is purgative and 
 diuretic. Dose, as a cathartic, ^ss to ^ij. 
 
 MAGNESIAN LEMONADE, Magnesise 
 
 MAGNESIE AEREE, Magnesise earbonas— 
 m. Blanche, Magnesia earbonas — m. Brulee, Mag- 
 nesia usta — m. Carbonate de, Magnesiae earbo- 
 nas — »!. Caustique, Magnesia usta — m. Citrate 
 de, Magnesia citras — ?m. Crayeuse, Magnesiae 
 earbonas — m. Bonce, Magnesia earbonas — m. 
 Effervescente, Magnesia earbonas — m. Ifoyenne, 
 \iagnesia earbonas — in. Souscarbonate de. Mag- 
 nesia earbonas — m. Sulfate de, Magnesia sulphas. 
 
 MAGNE'SII CHLO'RIDUM, Chloride of 
 
 Magne'sium, Muriate of 3{agnesia. This bitter 
 deliquescent salt has been given as a mild and 
 effective cholagogue cathartic, in the dose of half 
 an ounce to the adult. Being deliquescent, it 
 may be kept dissolved in its weight of water. 
 
 MAGNESIUM, see Magnesia— m. Chloride of, 
 Magnesii chloridum — m. Oxide of. Magnesia 
 usta. 
 
 MAGNET, Magnes, Magne'tes, Ferrum magnea 
 attracto'rium, Sideri'tes, Sideri'fis, Lapis hera- 
 cle'us, L. Syderi'tis, L. nau'ticus, Magni'tis, so 
 called from Magnes, its discoverer, or from Mag- 
 nesia, whence it was obtained; (F.) Aimant ; The 
 magnet or loadstone. An amorphous, oxydulated 
 ore of iron, which exerts an attraction on un- 
 magnetized iron, and has the property of exhibit- 
 ing poles ; that is, of pointing by one of its ex- 
 tremities to the north. This ore, by constant or 
 long rubbing, communicates its properties to 
 iron ; and thus artificial magnets are formed. 
 Magnetic ore is found in many countries, and 
 particularly in the island of Elba. The magnet 
 is sometimes used to extract spicula of iron from 
 the eye or from wounds. It has been employed 
 as an antispasmodic ; but acts only through the 
 imagination. The powder has been given as a 
 tonic. In Pharmacy, it is used to purify iron 
 filings. It attracts the iron, and the impurities 
 remain behind. It formerly entered, as an ingre- 
 dient, into several plasters, to draw bullets and 
 heads of arrows from the body — as the Emplas- 
 trum divinum Nicolai, the Emplastrum nigrum of 
 Augsburg, the Opodeldoch, and Attractivum of 
 Paracelsus, &c. 
 
 MAGNETES, Magnet. 
 
 MAGNET'IC, Magnet'icus. Same etymon. 
 That which belongs or relates to magnetism ; — 
 mineral or animal. 
 
 Magnetic Fluid. A name given to the im- 
 ponderable fluid to which the magnet owes its 
 virtues. By analogy it is applied to a particular 
 principle, supposed to be the source of organic 
 actions, which affects, it is conceived, the ner- 
 vous system principally, and is susceptible of 
 being transmitted from one living body to an- 
 other, by contact or simple approximation, and 
 especially under the influence of fixed volition. 
 See Magnetism, Animal. 
 
 Magnetic Plaster. A plaster, at present, 
 not used. It had for its base a mixture, called 
 Magnes arsenica'lis ; formed of equal parts of 
 antimony, sulphur and arsenic melted together in 
 a glass cucurbit. The name Magnetic plaster 
 was, likewise, given to such as contained pow- 
 dered magnet. 
 
 MAGNETINUS, Potassa supertartras im.- 
 purus. 
 
 MAG'NETISM, AN'IMAL, Mes'meri3m,Path'~ 
 etism, Neuroga'mia, Bioga'mia, Biomagnetis'mus, 
 Zobmagnetis'mus, Exon'eurism (proposed by Mr. 
 H. Mayo,) Telluris'mus, Anthropomagnetis'mus, 
 Gar'gale, Gargalis'mns, Gar'galus. Properties 
 attributed to the influence of a particular princi- 
 ple, which has been compared to that which cha- 
 racterizes the magnet. It is supposed to be 
 transmitted from one person to another, and to 
 impress peculiar modifications on organic action, 
 especially on that of the nerves. The discus- 
 sions, to which this strange belief has given rise, 
 are by no means terminated. There is no evi- 
 dence whatever of the existence of such a fluid. 
 Highly impressible persons can be thrown into a 
 kind of hysteric or ' magnetic' sleep and somnam- 
 bulism, (designated by Mr. Braid, hyp'notism, 
 neuro-hyp' notism, and nervous sleep)) ; but farthef 
 than this, the efforts of the magnetizer cannot 
 reach. It is a mode of action upon the oervej 
 through the medium of the senses. 
 
MAGNETIZATIOIf 
 
 534 
 
 MALADIES 
 
 MAGNETIZATION, Mesmerization. 
 
 MAGNETIZED, Mesmerized. 
 
 MAGNETIZER, Mesmerizer. 
 
 MAGNITIS, Magnet. 
 
 MAGNITUDO CORPORIS, Stature. 
 
 MAGNOC, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 MAGNOLIA ERAGRANS, M. glauea. 
 
 Magno'lia Glauca, 31. fragrans, Small 
 Magnolia, Magnolia, Swamp Sas'safras, Elk 
 /lark, Indian Bark, White Laurel, Sweet Bay, 
 Beaver Wood, White Bay, Cinchona of Virginia, 
 Cn«tor Bay, Sweet magnolia. The bark is pos- 
 sessed of tonic properties, resembling those of 
 cnscarilla, canella, &e. The same may be said 
 of the Magnolia tripet'ala or Umhrel'la tree ; the 
 JT. acumina'ta or Cu' cumber tree, the 31. grandi- 
 Jio'ra and 31. macrophyl'la, Laurel, Elk wood, 
 Silverleaf, Big leaf, White Bay, Beaver Tree, Elk 
 hark. Big hloom. 
 
 MAGNUM DEI DONUM, Cinchona. 
 
 Magndm Os. The third bone of the lower row 
 of the carpus, reckoning from the thumb. It is 
 the largest bone of the carpus ; and is, also, called 
 Os capita' turn/ (F.) Grand Os. 
 
 MAGRUMS. A popular name in the State of 
 New York for a singular convulsive affection, 
 which resembles chorea. It rarely, however, oc- 
 curs before the adult age ; never ceases sponta- 
 neously, and, when fully developed, is devoid of 
 any paroxysmal character. 
 
 MAGUEY, Agave Americana. 
 
 MAHMOUDY, Convolvulus scammonia. 
 
 3IAE0GAN FEBRIFUGE, Swietenia febri- 
 fuga. 
 
 MAHOGANY, Gynocladus Canadensis — m. 
 Mountain, Betula lenta — m. Tree, Swietenia ma- 
 hogani. 
 
 MAIANTHEUM, Convallaria maialis. 
 
 MAIDENHAIR, Adiantum capOlus veneris — 
 m. American, Adiantum pedatum — m. Canada, 
 Adiantum pedatum — m. Common, Asplenium 
 trichomanoides — m. Golden, Polytrichum — m. 
 White, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 MAIDENHEAD, Virginity. 
 
 MAIDENHOOD, Virginity. 
 
 MAIEIA, Obstetrics. 
 
 MAIEUSIS, Parturition. 
 
 MAIEUTA, see Parturition. 
 
 MAIEUTER, Accoucheur. 
 
 MAIBUTES, Accoucheur. 
 
 MAIEUTICA ARS, Obstetrics. 
 
 MAIGREUR, Emaciation. 
 
 3IAILLET, Mallet. 
 
 MAILLOT, Swathing clothes. 
 
 MAIN, Manus. 
 
 MAIRANIA UVA URSI, Arbutus urva ursi. 
 
 3IAIS, Zea mays. 
 
 MAJOR HEL'ICIS. A narrow band of mus- 
 cular fibres situate upon the anterior border of 
 the helix of the ear, just above the tragus. 
 
 MAJORANA, Origanum majorana — m. Hor- 
 tensis. Origanum majorana — m. Syriaca, Teu- 
 crium marum. 
 
 3IAL B' AMOUR, Odontalgia. 
 
 3IAL DBS ARBENS. A name given to a 
 species of pestilential erysipelas or Saint Antho- 
 ny's fire, which reigned epidemically in Prance, 
 in 1130. 
 
 3IAL B'AVENTURE, Paronychia — to. di 
 Ureno, Scherlievo — m. Oaduc, EpDepsy. 
 
 3IAL BE CRI3IEE (F.), Lipre des Cossaques, 
 Lepra Ta'f''>-'''ca. A variety of lepra in the Cri- 
 mea. 
 
 MAL BE BENT, Odontalgia^m. d'Estomnc, 
 Ohthonophagia — m. Bivin, Epilepsy — m. d' En- 
 fant, Pains (Labour) — m. di Fiutne, Scherlievo — 
 r<. Fran^ais, Syphilis — m. de Gorge, CynaAche — 
 
 m. Haut, Epilepsy — m. de 3Iach.oire, Trismus — 
 m. de 3Ier, Nausea marina — to. de 3Ih-e, Hysteria 
 — m. de Miaere, Pellagra — m. de Napiles, Syphilis 
 — m. Petit, Epilepsy — to. du Roi, Scrofula — vi. 
 Ronge de Cayenne, Elephantiasis of Cayenne — m. 
 Saint Anfoine, Erysipelas — rn. Saint Jean, Epi- 
 lepsy — m. Saint 3Iain, Lepra, Psora — m. di Scher- 
 lievo, Scherlievo — to. de Siam, Fever, yellow. 
 
 MAL BE SAN LAZARO, Cocohay. A le- 
 prous disease, common in Colombia, S. America. 
 
 3IAL BEL SOLE, Pellagra— to. de Sologne, 
 Ergotism — m. de Terre, EpUepsy — m. d Teie, 
 Cephalalgia — m. del Valle, Proctocace — rn. Vat, 
 see Anthrax. 
 
 MALA, Gena — m. Aurea, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 MALABATH'RINUM. Ancient name of an 
 ointment and a wine, into which the malabathrum 
 entered. 
 
 MALABA'THRUM, Cadeji-Indi. The leaves 
 of a tree of the East Indies. These leaves en- 
 tered into the theriac, mithridate, and other an- 
 cient electuaries. They are believed to be from 
 a species of laurel — Laurus Cassia; but, accord- 
 ing to others, from Lnurus 3Ialabathrum. The 
 O'leum 3Ialabathri is obtained from it. 
 
 MALACCiE RADIX, Sagittarium alexiphar- 
 macum. 
 
 MALA CHE, Malva rotundifolia. 
 
 MALA'CIA, from naXaKia, ' softness.' A de- 
 pravation of taste, in which an almost universal 
 loathing is combined with an exclusive longing 
 for some particular article of food. If the pa- 
 tient desires substances that are not eatable or 
 noxious, it constitutes Rica, Pisso'sis, Pitto'sis, 
 Heterorex'ia, Heteroirrhex'ia, Cissa, Citto'siv, 
 Citta, Limo'sis Pica, Allotriopha'gia, Picacis'~ 
 mns, Pica'tio, Bepra'ved ap'petite, (F.) Envie. 
 These symptoms accompany several nervous af- 
 fections, — those of females in particular. In 
 pregnancy it is common, and is termed Longing. 
 
 Malacia Africanokum, Chthonophagia — m. 
 Cordis, Cardiomalacia. 
 
 MALACISMUS, Mollities. 
 
 MALACOGASTER, Gastromalaxia. 
 
 MALACOPHO'NUS, from naXaxia, 'softness,' 
 and 0WV77, 'voice.' One who bas a soft voice. 
 
 MALACOPGEA, Emollients. 
 
 MALACORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
 
 MALACOSAR'COS, from ^a\aKoi, 'soft,' and 
 aap^, 'flesh.' One of a soft constitution: hab'itii 
 cor'poris mollio'ri prce'ditua. — Galen. 
 
 MALACOSIS, Mollities— m. Cerebri, Mollities 
 cerebri — m. Cordis, Cardiomalacia — m. Hepatis, 
 Hepatomalacia — m. Uteri, Hysteromalacia. 
 
 MALACOSTEON, Mollities ossium. 
 
 MALACTICA, Emollients. 
 
 MALACTICUM, Relaxant. 
 
 3IALABE, Sick. 
 
 3IALABIE, Disease — to. Anglaise, Hypochon- 
 driasis — TO. Bleue, Cyanopathy — m. de Bright, 
 Kidney, Bright's disease of the — to. de Ornveil- 
 heir, see Brash, weaning — m. Cnculaire, Pertus- 
 sis — TO. Glandulaire, Elephantiasis Arabica — m. 
 Imaginaire, Hj'poehondriasis, Hj'steria. 
 
 31 AL ABIE BES 3IINEURS. Anemia oc- 
 curring in the workers in mines. 
 
 31 AL ABIE NOIRE, Melsena — w. du Pays, 
 Nostalgia — m. Pediculaire, Phtheiriasis — m. de 
 Pott, Vertebral disease — m. Typho'ide, see Typhus 
 — TO. Venerienne, Syphilis — m. de Venus, Syphilis 
 TO. de Werlhof, Purpura hemorrhagica. 
 
 3fALABIESAGQ UISES, Acquired diseases— 
 m.Annuelles,A.T\T\wB\A\sesiSBi—m.Chroniqvcs,C\iro-, 
 nic diseases — 7)i. Connees, Connate diseases — w. 
 Bissinudees,Ye\gTieA diseases — m.E.vternes, Exter- 
 nal diseases — m. Fcintcs, Feigned diseases — m.He- 
 riditaires, Hereditary diseases — m. Innees, Innate 
 
MALADIF 
 
 535 
 
 MALPIGHIA 
 
 diseases — m. Legitimes, see Legitimate — m. Ner- 
 pewses, Nervous diseases — m. iSimulees, Peigned 
 diseases — m. Supposees, Feigned diseases — m. 
 Yenteuses, Pneumatosis. 
 
 MALADIF, Sickly. 
 
 MALADRERIE, Ladrerie. 
 
 MALADY, ENGLISH, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 MALjE, OS, from malum, ' an apple ;' so called 
 from its roundness. Os mala're, Os Jnga'le, Os 
 Jugamen'tum, Os GencB, Zygo'ma, Os Zygomat'i- 
 cttm, Os Hypo'pium, Os Subocida're, Os Pud'icum, 
 (P.) Os Malaire, Os Zygomatique, Os de la Pom- 
 mette. The cheek or malar hone. This bone is 
 situate at the lateral and superior part of the 
 face ; and constitutes the zygomatic region of the 
 cheek. It is irregularly quadrilateral. Its outer 
 surface is convex, covered by muscles and skin, 
 and pierced with canals, called malar, through 
 which vessels and nerves pass. Its tipper sur- 
 face is concave, and forms part of the orbit. Its 
 posterior surface is concave, and enters into the 
 composition of the temporal fossa. This bone is 
 thick and cellular. It is articulated with the 
 frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and superior maxil- 
 lary bones, and is developed by a single point of 
 ossification. 
 
 The part of the face rendered prominent by 
 it, the French call Pommette. 
 
 MALAG'MA, from /jaXao-o-u, ' I soften.' An 
 emollient cataplasm, and, in general, every local 
 application which enjoys the property of soften- 
 ing organic tissues. 
 
 MALAISE, Indisposition 
 
 MALAKIEN, Mollities. 
 
 MALAMBO BARK, Matias. 
 
 MALANDRIA. A species of lepra or elephan- 
 tiasis. — Marcellus Empiricus. 
 
 MALANDRIO'SUS, Leprous. Affected with a 
 species of lepra. 
 
 MALAR, Mala'ris, from mala, ' the cheek.' 
 Belonging to the cheek, — as the malar bone. 
 
 Malar Process, Zygomatic process. 
 
 MALARE OS, Mal^ os. 
 
 MALARIA, Miasm. 
 
 MALA'RIOUS, Mala' rial. Owing to, or con- 
 nected with Malaria, — as a malarious soil, mala- 
 rious disease, &c. 
 
 MALASSIMILA'TION, Malassimila'tio; from 
 mala, 'bad,' and assimilatio, 'assimilation.' Im- 
 perfect or morbid assimilation or nutrition. 
 
 MAL'AXATE, Molli're, Suhig"ere, Mala- 
 cissa're, (F.) Malaxer, from fiaXacatii, 'I soften.' 
 To produce softening of drugs, by kneading them. 
 The process is called Malaxa'tion, Malaxa'tio. 
 
 MALAXATION, see Malaxate. 
 
 MALAXIA VENTRICULI, Gastromalaxia. 
 
 MALAXIS, MoUities — m. Cordis, Cardioma- 
 lacia. 
 
 MALAY, see Homo. 
 
 MALAZISSA'TUS, Malacissa'tus, from mala- 
 cisso, ' I soften.' One in whom the testicles have 
 not descended. Ithas,also,been used synonymous- 
 ly with emascula'tus and muliera'tus. — Castelli. 
 
 MALCE, Chilblain. 
 
 MALE, Mas, Mas'culus. Of the sex that be- 
 gets young. Not female. What belongs to the 
 male sex; as the male organs of generation. 
 
 Male, Axilla — m. Organ, Penis. 
 
 MALEPICIUM, Poisoning. 
 
 MALFORMA'TION, malforma'tio, malconfor- 
 ma'tio ; from mala, 'bad,' and /ormo, 'form.' 
 A wrong formation ; or irregularity in the struc- 
 ture of parts. See Monster. 
 
 MALIA, see Equinia. 
 
 MALIASMUS, Malis, see Equinia. 
 
 MALICHORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
 
 MALICORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
 
 MALIE, EquLnia. 
 
 MALIG'NANT, Malig'nus, (F.) Malin. A 
 term applied to any disease whose symptoms ar« 
 so aggravated as to threaten the destruction of 
 tlie patient. A disease of a very serious charac- 
 ter, although it may be mild in appearance; — 
 Morbus vialignus. 
 
 3IALIN, Malignant. 
 
 MALING'ERER; from (F.) malingre, 'sickly.' 
 A simulator of disease, so termed in the British 
 military service. 
 
 MALIS, Malias'mos, Cuta'neous vermina'tioii, 
 Helminthon'eus. The cuticle or skin infested 
 with animalcules, — Phthiri'asis, Parasitis'mun 
 superfic"iei. In Persia, this affection is produced 
 by the Guinea worm ; in South America, by the 
 Chigre ; and in Europe, occasionally by the 
 Louse. See Equinia, and Phtheiriasis. 
 
 Malis Dracdnculus, Dracunculus — m. Gordii, 
 Dracunculus — m. Pediculi, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 MALLE'OLAR, Malleola'ris, from malleolus, 
 'the ankle.' Belonging or relating to the ankles. 
 
 Malleolar Arteries are two branches fur- 
 nished by the anterior tibial about the instep ; 
 the one — the internal — passes transversely behind 
 the tendon of the tibialis anticus, to be distributed 
 in the vicinity of the malleolus internus; — the 
 other — the external — glides behind the tendons 
 of the extensor communis digitorum pedis and the 
 peroneus brevis, and sends its branches to the 
 parts which surround the outer ankle, as well as 
 to the outer region of the tarsus. 
 
 MALLE'OLUS. Diminutive of malleus, 'a 
 mallet, or hammer;' Rasce'ta, Baste' ta, Rascha, 
 Rasetta, Rase'ta, Sphyra, Tains, Diab'ebos, Ta- 
 le' ohis, Peza, the Ankle, (F.) Malleole, Cheville 
 du Pied. The two projections formed by the 
 bones of the leg at jtheir inferior part. The 
 inner belongs to the tibia; the outer to the fibula. 
 The ankles afford attachment to ligaments; and 
 each has a sort of gutter, in which certain tendons 
 slide. See Malleus. 
 
 MALLET, Malle'olus, (F.) Maillet. A kind 
 of hammer, used with a gouge for removing or 
 cutting bones, in certain surgical and anatomical 
 operations. 
 
 MAL'LEUS, Malle'olus, Ossic'ulum 3Talleolo 
 assimila'tum, (F.) Martemi. The longest and 
 outermost of the four small bones of the ear. It 
 is situate at the outer part of the tymi)anum, and 
 is united to the membrana tympani. It has, 1. 
 An ovoid head, which is articulated behind with 
 the incus, and is supported by a narrow part 
 called the neck : this has, anteriorly, a long apo- 
 physis, which is engaged in the glenoid fissure, 
 and is called the Apophysis or Process, Proces'siis 
 grac"ilis, of Rau. It affords attachment to the 
 anterior mallei jnvLScle. 2. A /ia)iC?/e, which forms 
 an obtuse angle with the neck, and corresponds 
 to the membrane of the tympanum, which it 
 seems to draw inwards. It is furnished at its up- 
 per extremity with a process — t\ie])rocessus brevix, 
 to which the internus mallei is attached, '^his bone 
 is developed by a single point of ossification. 
 
 Malleus, Equinia — M.farciminosus, see Equi- 
 nia — m. Slender Process of the, Grele apopihyse 
 du marteau. 
 
 MALLOW, COMMON, Malva— m. Compound 
 decoction of, Decoctum malva3 eompositum- -m. 
 Yellow, Abutilon cordatum. 
 
 MALMEDY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mai- 
 medy is a town in Rhenish Prussia, between Spa 
 and Coblenz. In its immediate vicinity are seve- 
 ral acidulous chalybeate springs. 
 
 MALO DI SCAR LIE VO, Scherlievo. 
 
 MALOGRANATUM, Punica orranatum. 
 
 MALPIGHL ACINI OF. CorporaMalpi2;hianit. 
 
 MALPIG'HIA MOUREL'LA, (F.) Mour.il. 
 Her, Simarouhafaux. The bark of this shrui — 
 
MALPiaHIAN BODIES 
 
 536 
 
 MAMMARY 
 
 a native of Cayenne — is reputed to be febrifuge, 
 and useful in diarrhoea. 
 
 MALPIGHIAN BODIES, Corpora Malpighi- 
 ana — m. b. Inflammation of the. Kidney, Bright's 
 .disease of the — m. b. of the Spleen, see Spleen. 
 
 MALPRAX'IS, Ilala praxis, Malum reg"imen. 
 Bad management or treatment. 
 
 MALT, Sax. mealo, Dutch mout, Teut. 
 malt; from lioXaTTu), ' I soften ;' [?] Byne, Mal- 
 tiim, Hor'dei nialtitm, Bra'sium, (F.) Dreche. Bar- 
 ley made to germinate, for the purpose of forming 
 beer. It has been recommended in medicine, as 
 antiscorbutic, antiscrofulous, &c. 
 
 Malt Spirit. A spirit distilled from malt. It 
 is the basis of most of the spirituous cordials. 
 
 MALTA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of 
 Malta is pretty equable, the range of tempera- 
 ture in the twenty -four hours being rarely more 
 than 6°. The air is almost always dry and clear. 
 The most disagreeable wind is the sirocco, which 
 is the source of more or less suffering to the pul- 
 monary invalid. The winter climate is favoura- 
 ble. Dr. Liddell thinks that no place which he 
 has seen in the south of Europe can compete with 
 Malta, for a mild, dry, bracing air in November, 
 December, and part of January; and during the 
 other winter and spring months, he thinks it is 
 equal to any of them. 
 
 MALTHA, Malthe, from liaXarTU, 'I soften.' 
 Wax, particularly soft wax. 
 MALTHACTICA, Emollients. 
 MALTHAXIS, MoUities. 
 MALUM, Disease, Melum — m. Articulorum, 
 Gout — m. Caducum, Epilepsy — m. Caducum pul- 
 monum, Asthma — m. Canum, see Pyrus cydonia 
 ■ — m. Coense, Averrhoa carambola — m. Cotoneum, 
 see Pyrus cydonia — m. Hypochondriacum, Hy- 
 pochondriasis — m. Hystericum, Hysteria — m. In- 
 sanum, see Solanum Melongena — m.Ischiadicum, 
 Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea — m. Lazari, Elephan- 
 tiasis — m. Lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum. 
 Malum Mor'tuum. A species of lepra, in 
 which the affected portions of skin seem to be 
 struck with death. 
 
 Malum Pilare, Trichosis — m. Pottii, Vertebral 
 disease — m. Primarium, Idiopathia — m. Regimen, 
 Malpraxis — m. Spinosum, Datura stramonium — 
 m. Terrestre, Atropa Mandragora — m. Venereum, 
 Syphilis. 
 
 MALUS, Pyrus malus — m. Aurantia major. 
 Citrus aurantium — m. Communis, Pyrus malus — 
 m. Dasyphylla, Pyrus malus. 
 
 Malus In'dica, Bilumbi hiting-hing of Bon- 
 tius. The juice of this East India tree is cool- 
 ing, and is drunk as a cure for fevers. The 
 leaves, boiled and made into a cataplasm with 
 rice, are famed in all sorts of tumours. The 
 juice, mixed with arrack, is drunk for the cure 
 of diarrhoea. The ripe fruit is eaten as a deli- 
 cacy; and the unripe is made into a pickle for 
 the use of the table. 
 
 Malus Limonia Acida, see Citrus medica — m. 
 Mediea, see Citrus medica — m. Sylvestris, Pyrus 
 malus. 
 
 MALVA, Malva sylvea'tris seu vulga'ris, Com- 
 mon Malhno, (F.) Mauve sauvage. The leaves 
 and flowers are chiefly used in fomentations, cata- 
 plasms, and emollient enemata. Its properties 
 are demulcent. 
 
 Malva rotundifo'lia, Mal'ache, Mal'oche, has 
 like virtues ; as well as the other varieties. 
 MALVAVISCUM, Althtea. 
 MALVERN, WATERS OF. The village of 
 Great Malvern, (pronounced 3faw'vern,) in Wor- 
 cestershire, England, has for many years been 
 celebrated for a sjjiing of remarkable purity, 
 '"•tiich has acquired the name of the Holy well. 
 U 15 a i-arbonated water; containing carbonates 
 
 of soda and iron, sulphate of soda, and chloride 
 of sodium; and is chiefly used externally, in cu- 
 taneous affections. 
 
 MAMA-PIAN. An ulcer of a bad aspect, 
 which is the commencement of the plan ; and 
 which, after having destroyed the flesh, extends 
 to the bones. It is also called the Mother 0/ 
 Plans ; — La mere des plans. 
 
 MAMEI, Mamoe, Momin or Toddy tree. From 
 incisions made in the branches of this West In- 
 dian tree, a copius discharge of pellucid liquor 
 occurs, which is called momin or I'oddy wine. It 
 is very diuretic, and is esteemed to be a good an- 
 tilithic and lithontriptic. 
 MAMELLE, Mamma. 
 MAMELON, Nipple. 
 MAMELONNE, Mammillated. 
 MAMELONS BU REIN, Papillse of the 
 kidney. 
 
 MAMILLA, see Mamma. 
 
 MAMMA, from mamma, one of the earliest 
 cries of the infant, ascribed to a desire for food. 
 Masthos, Mastus, Mazos, Thele, Titthos, Mnma, 
 Uber, Nutrix, Gemip'oma. The female breast, 
 [3Iammil'la, Mamilla being the male breast;) (F.) 
 Mamelle. A glandular organ, proper to a class 
 of animals — the mammalia — and intended for 
 the secretion of milk. The mammse exist in 
 both sexes, but they acquire a much greater size 
 in the female ; especially during pregnancy and 
 lactation. In women, before the age of puberty, 
 the breasts are but little developed. At this 
 period, however, towards the central part of each 
 breast, the skin suddenly changes colour, and 
 assumes a rosy tint. It is of a reddish brown in 
 women who have suckled several children. This 
 circle has a rugous appearance, owing to the pre- 
 sence of sebaceous glands, and is called Are'ola 
 or Aure'ola. These glands — Tubercles of the Are- 
 ola, of Sir Astley Cooper — furnish an unctuous 
 fluid for defending the nipple from the action of 
 the saliva of the sucking infant. In the midst 
 of the aureola is the nipple, a conoidal eminence, 
 of a rosy tint, susceptible of erection, and at the 
 surface of which the galactophorous ducts open. 
 Besides the skin covering them, the breasts are, 
 also, composed of a layer of fatty areolar tissue, 
 more or less thick; of a large gland; excretory 
 ducts; vessels, nerves, &c. See Mammary. 
 The breasts are called the bosom, sinus, (E.) Sein. 
 Mamma also means a nurse. 
 MAMMAL, plural Mamma'lia, Mam'mifer, 
 mammif'erous animal; from mamma, 'a breast.' 
 An animal that suckles its young. 
 
 MAM'MARY, Mamma'rius, from mamma, 'the 
 breast.' Relating to the breasts. 
 
 Mammary Abscess, Mastodynia apostematosa. 
 Mammary Arteries are three in number. 
 They are distinguished into — 1. The Internal 
 Mammary, Arte'ria sterna'lis, A. Sons-sternal 
 (Ch.), Internal thoraG"ic. It arises from the sub- 
 clavian, and descends obliquely inwards, from its 
 origin to the cartilage of the third rib. Below 
 the diaphragm it divides into two branches ; the 
 one external, the other internal. From its origin 
 until its bifurcation, it gives branches to the 
 muscles and glands of the neck, to the thymus, 
 mediastinum, pericardium, and oesophagus. In 
 each intercostal space, it gives off internal and 
 external muscnlo-cutaneons branches, and also, 
 on each side, the superior diaphragmatic. Its 
 two ultimate branches are distributed on the 
 parietes of the abdomen, and anastomose with 
 the external mammary, intercostal, lumbar, cir- 
 cumflcxa ilii, and epigastric arteries. 2. The Ex- 
 fertial Mammary Arteries are two in number, and 
 are distinguished into superior and inferior. Tho 
 superior external mammary, First of the thoracica 
 
MAMMEA 
 
 537 
 
 MANGANESE 
 
 (Ch.,) Superior external thoracic, Superior tho- 
 racic, is furnished by the axillary artery. It 
 descends obliquely forwards between the peetor- 
 :ilis major and pectoralis minor, to which it is 
 distributed by a considerable number of branches. 
 The inferior external mammary, the second of the 
 thoracics (Ch.,) Long or inferior thoracic, arises 
 from the axillary artery, a little below the pre- 
 ceding. It descends vertically over the lateral 
 part of the thorax ; curves, afterwards, inwards ; 
 becomes subcutaneous and divides into a number 
 of branches, which surround the breast. It gives 
 branches to the pectoralis major, serratus major 
 anticus, the intercostal muscles, the glands of 
 the axilla, and the integuments of the breast. 
 
 Maiisiary Gland is the secretory organ of the 
 milk. It is situate in the substance of the breast, 
 to which it gives shape and size. The tissue of 
 this gland results from the assemblage of lobes 
 of different size, united intimately by a dense are- 
 olar tissue. Each of these is composed of seve- 
 ral lobules, formed of round granulations, of a 
 rosy white colour, and of the size of a poppy seed. 
 The glandular grains give rise to the radicles of 
 the excretory canals of the mamma, which are 
 called galactophorous or lactiferous. These ex- 
 cretory vessels unite in ramusculi, rami, and in 
 trunks of greater or less size ; collect towards 
 the centre of the gland ; are tortuous, very ex- 
 tensible and semi-transparent. All terminate in 
 sinuses, situate near the base of the nipple, which 
 are commonly from 15 to 18 in number. These 
 sinuses are very short, conical, and united by are- 
 olar tissue. From their summits, a fasciculus of 
 new ducts sets out, which occupy the centre of 
 the nipple and open separately at its surface. 
 The arteries of the mammary gland come from 
 the thoracic, axillary, intercostal, and internal 
 mammary. The veins accompany the arteries ; 
 the nerves are furnished by the intercostals, and 
 brachial plexus ; the lymphatic vessels are very 
 numerous, and form two layers. They commu- 
 nicate with those of the thorax, and pass into the 
 axillary ganglions. 
 
 Mam'mary Sarco'ma, Mastoid sarcoma of 
 Abernethy, Emphy'ma sarcoma mamma'rum. A 
 tumour, of the colour and texture of the mam- 
 mary gland ; dense and whitish ; sometimes softer 
 and brownish ; often producing, on extirpation, a 
 malignant ulcer with indurated edges. Found in 
 various parts of the body and limbs. 
 
 Mammary Veins follow the same course as the 
 arteries, and have received the same denomina- 
 tions. The internal mammary vein, of the right 
 side, opens into the superior cava ; that of the 
 left, into the corresponding subclavian vein. 
 The external mammary veins open into the axil- 
 lary vein. 
 
 MAMME'A AMERICA'NA. The systematic 
 name of the tree on which the mammee fruit 
 grows. This fruit has a delightful flavour when 
 ripe ; and is much cultivated in Jamaica, where 
 it is generally sold in the markets as one of the 
 best fruits of the island. 
 
 MAMMEA'TA, Mammo'sa, from mamma, 'the 
 breast.' One who has large breasts. 
 
 MAMMELLA. Nipple. 
 
 MAMMIFER, Mammal. 
 
 MAMMIFEROUS ANIMAL, Mammal. 
 
 MAMMIFORM, Mastoid. 
 
 MAMMILLA, Mamma (male.) Nipple. 
 
 MAMMILLAE MEDULLARES, see Mammil- 
 lary. 
 
 MAMMILLARIS, Mastoid. 
 
 MAM'MILLARY, Mnmmilla'ria, from 3Tnm- 
 milla, ' a small breast, a nipple.' See Mastoid. 
 
 Mammii.lary Em'inencb is a name given, 1. 
 To more or less marked prominences on the inner 
 
 surface of the bones of the cranium, which cor- 
 respond to the anfractuosities of the cranium. 
 2. To white, round, medullary tubercles, of the 
 size of a pea, situate at the base of the brain, be- 
 hind the gray substance from which the Tige 
 pituitaire, of the French anatomists, arises. 
 These Mammillary Tubercles, Cor'piora alhican'- 
 tia, C. Candican'tia, C. Mammilla'ria, C. Pisi- 
 for'mia, Bulbi for'nicis, MammillcB tnedulla' res, 
 Prominentia; alhican'tes, Proces'sus mammilla'res 
 cer'ebri, Protensio'nes glandxda'res, Eminen'tim 
 candican'tes, Prio'rum criirum for'nicis bulbi, 
 Willis's Glands, (F.) Bulbes de la vottte d trots 
 piliers, Tubercles pisiformes (Ch.), are united to 
 each other by a small grayish band, which cor- 
 responds with the third ventricle. They receive 
 the anterior prolongations of the fornix. Some 
 ancient anatomists, taking the nervous trunks, to 
 which Willis first gave the name of olfactory 
 nerves, for simple appendages of the brain, called 
 them, on account of their shape, Carun'culcB 
 mammilla'res. Vesalius, Fallopius, Columbus, and 
 several others, termed them Proces'sus mammilla'- 
 res cer'ebri ad nares. 
 
 MAM' MILL ATED, (F.) Mamehnne, from 
 mamma, 'the female breast.' That which has 
 mammiform projections on its surface. 
 
 Mammillated Liver, Cirrhosis. 
 
 MAMMOSA, Mammeata. 
 
 MAMOE, Mamei. 
 
 MAN, Aner, Anthropos, Homo. 
 
 MAN-IN-THE-aROUND, Convolvulus pan 
 duratus. 
 
 MANCHE D'HIPPOORATE, Chausse. 
 
 MANCURANA, Origanum. 
 
 MANDIBULA, Maxillary bone. 
 
 MANDIBULARIS MUSCULUS, Masseter. 
 
 MANDO, Glutton. 
 
 MANDRAG ORA, Atropa mandragora — m. 
 Aeaulis, Atropa mandragora — m. Officinalis, 
 Atropa mandragora — m. Vernalis, Atropa man- 
 dragora. 
 
 MANDRAGORI'TES, from ixavSpayopa, the 
 At' ropa mandrag'ora or mandrake. Wine in 
 which the roots of mandrake have been infused. 
 
 MANDRAKE, Atropa mandragora, Podophyl- 
 lum peltatum, P. montanum. 
 
 MANDUCATIO, Mastication — m. Difficilis, 
 Bradymasesis. 
 
 MAN'DUCATORY, Manducato'rius ; from 
 Manducatio, ' mastication.' Appertaining or re- 
 lating to mastication ; — as, 
 
 Manducatory Nerve, see Trigemini. 
 
 MANGANESE, BLACK OXIDE OF, Man- 
 gane'sii ox'idum, M. Binox'idum, Tetrox'ide of 
 manganese, Magne'sia nigra, Mangane'sium vitra- 
 rio'rum, M. oxyda'tum nati'vum seu nigrum, Man- 
 gane'sium ochra'ceum nigrum, M. oxyda'tum nati'- 
 vum, Man'ganum oxyda'tum nativum, Molybdce'- 
 num magne'sii, Oxo'des man'gani nati'va, Perox'- 
 ydum mangane'sii nigrum nativtim,'Superox'ydum 
 mangan'icum, (P.) Oxyde noir de manganese. 
 This oxide is not much used in medicine. It has 
 been advised to dust the affected parts, in tinea 
 capitis, with the powder. 
 
 Manganese, Salts of, see Manganese, sul- 
 phate of. 
 
 MANGANESE, OXYDE NOIR BE, Man 
 ganese, black oxide of. 
 
 Man'ganese, Sulphate of, Mangane'sii Sul- 
 phas, M. Protox'idi Sulphas, Sulphate of Pro 
 tox'ide of Man'ganese. A rose-coloured and very 
 soluble salt, isomorphous with sulphate of mag 
 nesia. It is prepared on a large scale for the use 
 of the dyer, by heating, in a close -vessel, peroxide 
 of manganese and coal, aul dissolviig the im 
 
MANGAKE5U 
 
 538 
 
 MAX US 
 
 pure protoxide thus obtairied in sulphuric acid, 
 with the addition of a little chlorohydric acid 
 towards the end of the process. The solution is 
 evaporated to dryness, and again exposed to a red 
 heat, by which the persulphate of iron is decom- 
 posed. Water then dissolves the pure sulphate 
 of manganese, leaving the oxide of iron behind. 
 
 This salt has been recommended as a chola- 
 go.^ue, in doses of a drachm or two. 
 
 The salts of manganese have been recommended 
 in chlorosis and amenorrhoea, and as substitutes 
 f <r chalybeates generally. The subearbonate and 
 the oxide have been chiefly employed. 
 
 Manganese, Tetroxide of, M. Black oxide of. 
 
 MANttANESII BINOXIDUM, Manganese, 
 black oxide of — m. Oxidum, Manganese, black 
 oxide of — m. Peroxydum nigrum nativum, Man- 
 ganese, black oxide of — m. Protoxidi sulphas, 
 Manganese, sulphate of — m. Sulphas, Manganese, 
 sulphate of. 
 
 MANGANESIUM OCHRACEUM NIGRUM, 
 Manganese, black oxide of — m. Oxydatum nati- 
 vum seu nigrum. Manganese, black oxide of — 
 m. Vitrariorum, Manganese, black oxide of. 
 
 MANGANI OXODES NATIVA, Manganese, 
 black oxide of. 
 
 MANGANICUM SUPEROXIDUM, Manga- 
 nese, black oxide of. 
 
 MANGANUM OXYDATUM NATIVUM, 
 Manganese, black oxide of. 
 
 MANGE, Scabies ferina. 
 
 MANGIF'ERA IN'DICA, M. domes'tica. 
 The Manyo tree, (F.) Manguier. A tree culti- 
 -vated over Asia, and in South America. Mangos, 
 when ripe, are juicy, of a good flavour, and so 
 fragrant as to perfume the air to a considerable 
 distance. They are eaten, either raw or pre- 
 served with sugar. From the expressed juice a 
 wine is prepared ; and the remainder of the ker- 
 nel can be reduced to an excellent flour for bread. 
 
 MANGO TREE, Mangifera Indica. 
 
 MANGONISATIO, Falsification. 
 
 MANGONIUM, Falsification. 
 
 MANGOSTAN, Garcinia mangostana. 
 
 MANGOSTANA, Garcinia mangostana — m. 
 Cambogia, Garcinia cambogia — m. Garcinia, Gar- 
 cinia mangostana. 
 
 MANGOUSTAN, Garcinia mangostana. 
 
 MANGUIER, Mangifera Indica. 
 
 MANROOD, Adult age. 
 
 MANI, Arachis hypogaea. 
 
 MA'NIA, Furor, Hemianth.ro' pia. Furor ma- 
 iiia, Insa'nia, Delir'ium mani'acum, Ecphro' nia 
 rnmiia, Delir'ium mania, D. furio'sum. Mania 
 niiiversa'lis, Vesfi'nia mania, (F.) Manie, Hyper- 
 phrenie, Raving or furious madness,' from jiaivo- 
 jtai, ' I am furious.' With some, it means insa- 
 nity. Disorder of the intellect, in which there is 
 erroneous judgment or hallucination, which im- 
 pels to acts of fury. If the raving be not di- 
 rected to a single object, it is mania properly so 
 called; if to one object, it constitutes monomania, 
 which term is, however, usually given to melan- 
 choly. Mania attacks adults chiefly; and wo- 
 men more frequently than men. The prognosis 
 is unfavourable. About one-third never recover; 
 And they who do are apt to relapse. Separation 
 is line of the most eS'ective means of treatment, 
 with attention to the corporeal condition and 
 every thing that can add to the mental comfort 
 of the patient, and turn his thoughts away from 
 the subjects of his delusion. In the violence of 
 the paroxysms, recourse must be had to the strait 
 waistcoat, the shower bath, &c. Separation 
 should be continued for some weeks during con- 
 valescence, with the view of preventing a relapse. 
 
 Mania, Dancing. Dancing plague. A form 
 of convulsion, whicn has appeared, at various 
 
 times, epidemically under the form of St. Vitus'a 
 dance, St. John's dance, Tarantism, Hysteria, 
 Tigretier (in Abyssinia), and diseased sympathy; 
 and which has been fully described by Hecker in 
 his ' Epidemics of the Middle Ages.' See Cun- 
 vulsionnaire. 
 
 A form of convulsion, induced by religious 
 phrenzy, has been vulgarly called the Jerks. 
 
 Mania Epileptica, see Epilepsy — m. Erotica, 
 Erotomania — m. Lactea, M. puerperal — m. Me- 
 lancholica. Melancholy — m. a Pathemate, Empa- 
 thema — m. a Potil, Delirium tremens. 
 
 Mania, Puer'pep.al, 3Ia'nia puerpera'rvm 
 acu'ta, 31. puerpera'lis, M. lac'tea, Insa'nia puer- 
 2iera'rum, Fncejihalojjathi' a pnerpera'lis, Puer- 
 peral Insanity. Mania tvhich supervenes in the 
 childbed state. 
 
 Mania Purperaeum Acuta, M. puerperal — 
 m. sine Delirio, Pathomania — m. a Temulentia, 
 Delirium tremens — m. Pellagria, Pellagra. 
 
 MANIACAL, Maniodes. 
 
 MANIACUS, Maniodes. 
 
 MANICA HIPPOCRATIS, Chausse. 
 
 MANIE, Mania — m. sans Delire, Empathema. 
 
 MANI6UETTA, Amomum grana paradisi. 
 
 MANIIBAR, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 MANILU'VIUM, Manulu'vium, from manvs, 
 'the hand,' and ' lavo, 'I wash.' A bath for the 
 hands. It may be rendered stimulating, by 
 means of muriatic acid, mustard, &c. 
 
 MANIOC, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 MANIO'DES, Mnni'ocus, Mani'acal. One la- 
 bouring under mania; Hemiantliro' pus, Furio'sus, 
 Furihun'dus, Lyssas, Lysse'ter. 
 
 MANIPULA'TION, from manvs, 'a hand.' 
 Mode of working in the arts. 
 
 MANIP'ULUS, (F.) Poignee. The quantity 
 of a substance capable of filling the hand. A 
 handful. See Fasciculus. 
 
 MAN-MIDWIFE, Accoucheur. 
 
 MANNA, see Fraxinus ornus — m. Brianjon, 
 see Pinus larix — m. Brigantina, see Pinus larix — 
 m. Calabrina, see Fraxinus ornus — m. Croup, Se- 
 molina — m. Laricea, see Pinus larix — m. Metal- 
 lorum, Hydrargyri submurias. 
 
 MANNEQUIN, Fantom. 
 
 MANNEKIN, Fantom. 
 
 MANNIN, see Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 MANNITE, see Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 MANOEUVRE (F.), pronounced vianeio'ver • 
 from main, 'the hand,' and ceuvre, 'work.' A 
 dexterous movement. Applied in France to the 
 practice of surgical or obstetrical operations on 
 the dead body or phantom; Opera'tio chirur'- 
 gica vel obstet'rica. 
 
 MANSANA ARBOREA, see Jujube. 
 
 MANSFORD'S PLATES, see Galvanism. 
 
 MANSORIUS, Buccinator. 
 
 MANSTUPRATIO, Masturbation. 
 
 MAN TELE, Bandage (body). 
 
 MANTI'A, 3Ian'tiea, Man'tice, in English, 
 money; a common sufiix, denoting 'divination;' 
 Divina'tio, Prcedivinatio, PrcBsa'gium. 
 
 MANTILE, Bandage (body). 
 
 MANTLE, Panniculus carnosus. 
 
 MANU'BRIUM, from manus, 'a hand.' The 
 handle of any thing: — as mayin'brium mal'lei, 
 petiolus mal'lei, 'the handle of the malleus.' 
 
 Manubrifm, Chasse — m. Mantis, Radius. 
 
 Mantibrium Sterni. The uppermost broad 
 part of the sternum. 
 
 MANULUVIUM, Bath, hand, Maniluvium. 
 
 MANUS, Cheir, Chir, Instrumentum Instni- 
 ment'irum, Hand, Paw, (F.) 3fain. The part 
 wliich terminates the upper extremity in man, 
 and which is inservient to prehension and touch. 
 It extends from the fold of the wrist to the extra., 
 mity of the fingers. The hand is sustained by a 
 
MANUSTUPRATIO 
 
 539 
 
 MARMBLADE 
 
 bony skeleton, composed of a number of pieces, 
 movable on each other j of muscles, tendons, car- 
 tilages, ligaments, vessels, nerves, &c. It is di- 
 vided into three parts — the carpus or wrist, the 
 metacarpus, and fingers. Its concave surface is 
 called the palm ; the convex surface the hacli of 
 the hand. The facility of being able to oppose 
 the thumb to the fingers in order to seize objects 
 forms one of the distinctive characters of the 
 human hand. 
 
 Manus Cheisti Perla'ta. A name anciently 
 given to troches, prepared of pearls and sugar of 
 roses. They were called Manus Chrieti sim'2)lices, 
 when pearls were not employed. 
 
 Manus Dei. An ancient plaster, prepared of 
 wax, myrrh, frankincense, mastich, gum ammo- 
 niac, galhanum, oil, <te. See Opium. 
 
 Manus Hepatis, Porta vena — m. Jecoris, Porta 
 yena — -m. Parva majori adjutris, see Digitus. 
 
 MANUSTUPRATIO, Masturbation. 
 
 MANUSTUPRATOR, Masturbator. 
 
 MANYPLIES, Omasum. 
 
 MAPLE, Acer saccharinum — m. Ground, Heu- 
 chera cortusa. 
 
 31ARAIS, Marsh. 
 
 MARANTA ARUNDINACEA, Arrow-root. 
 
 Maran'ta Galan'ga, Alpi'nia galan'ga, Amo'- 
 mum galanga, Galangn. The smaller galan'gal. 
 Two kinds of galangal are mentioned in the 
 pharmacopoeias ; the greater, obtained from 
 Kmmpferia galanga, and the smaller, from the 
 root of Maranta galanga. The dried root is 
 brought from China, in pieces, from one to two 
 inches in length, but scarcely half as thick ; 
 branched; full of knots and joints, with several 
 circular rings, of a reddish brown colour, on the 
 outside, and brownish within. It was formerly 
 much used as a warm stomachic bitter, and gene- 
 rally ordered in bitter infusions. 
 
 MARASCHINO, see Spirit. 
 
 MARASMOP'YRA, Febris marasmo'des, from 
 fiai>a(T]jiog, 'marasmus,' and Trup, 'fever.' Pever 
 of emaciation in general. Hectic fever. 
 
 MARASMUS, Atrophy — m. Lactantium, Peb- 
 datrophia — m. Phthisis, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 Marasmus Seni'lis, Tabes senum, Geronta- 
 troph'ia. Progressive atrophy of the aged. 
 
 Marasmus Tabes, Tabes — m. Tabes dorsalis. 
 Tabes dorsalis. 
 
 MARATHRI'TES, from napa&pov, 'fennel.' 
 Wine impregnated with fennel. 
 
 MARATHROPHYLLUM, Peucedanum. 
 
 MARATHRUM, Anethum— m. Sylvestre, Peu- 
 cedanum. 
 
 MARAUGIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MARBLE, Marmor. 
 
 MARBRE, Marmor. 
 
 31 ARC, Magma. 
 
 MARCASITA, Bismuth— m. Alba, Bismuth, 
 snbnitrate of — m. Plumbea, Antimonium. 
 
 MARCASITA MAGISTERIUM, Bismuth, 
 subnitrate of. 
 
 MARCHAX'TIA POLYMOR'PHA, 31. stel- 
 la'ta seu -umbella'ta, Hepat'ica fonta'na. Lichen 
 stella'tus, Jecora'ria, Liv'erioort, (F.) SSpatiqite 
 des fontaines. This plant is mildly pungent and 
 bitter. It is recommended as aperient, resolvent, 
 and antiscorbutic; and is used in diseasedliver, &c. 
 
 3IARCHE LA, Walking. 
 
 MARCHIO'NIS PULVIS, Powder of the 3Iar. 
 qvis. A powder, formerly considered to be anti- 
 epileptic ; and composed of 3Iale paoni/ root, 3Iia- 
 tletoe, Ivory shavings, Horn of the hoof of the stag, 
 Spodium, Tooth of the monodon, coral, <fec. 
 
 MARCORES, Atrophy, Emaciation. 
 
 MARCORY, Stillingia. 
 
 MAREOAGEUX, Elodes. 
 
 3TARE0, Puna. 
 
 MARE'S TAIL, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 
 MARGA CAN'DIDA, Lac lu'icp.. An ancient 
 name for a variety of spongy, white, friable mari, 
 which was employed as an astringent and refri- 
 gerant. 
 
 MARGARETIZZA, Scherlievo. 
 
 MARGARITA, Pearl. 
 
 MARGARITA'CEOUS, 3Targarita'eem, Na'- 
 creous, (F.) Nacre; from 3Iargarita, 'pearl, mo- 
 ther of pearl.' Resembling, or of the nature of, 
 mother of pearl, — as Leuco'ma 3Iargarita' cewn ; 
 Pearl-like leucoma. 
 
 MARGARON, Pearl. 
 
 MARGELIS, Pearl. 
 
 MARGELLIUM, Pearl. 
 
 31 A E GIN I- S US- SOAP ULO-TRO CHITE- 
 RIEN, Teres minor. 
 
 MARGO, Bord — m. Dentatus, see Retina — m. 
 Orbitalis, see Orbit. 
 
 3IARGUER1TE PETITE, Bellis— m. det 
 Pres, qratule, Chrysanthemum leucantbemum. 
 
 MA'RIENBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Celebrated springs in Bohemia. The Kreuzbrunn 
 contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of ii'on, and 
 carbonic acid. 
 
 MARIGOLD, DIAMOND FIG, Mesembryan- 
 themum crystallinum — m. Garden, Calendula 
 officinalis — m. Single, Calendula officinalis — m. 
 Wild, Calendula arvensis. 
 
 MARIOTTE, EXPERIMENT OF. A cele- 
 brated experiment of the Abbe Mariotte, which 
 consists in placing two small round spots on a 
 wall at some distance from each other, stand- 
 ing opposite the left-hand object, and looking at 
 it with the right eye, the left being closed. By 
 walking backwards, until the distance from the 
 object is about five times as great as the distance 
 between the two objects, the latter will be found 
 to disappear. Mariotte and, after him, many 
 ophthalmologists, inferred that the optic nerve, 
 on which the ray doubtless falls in this experi- 
 ment, is insensible ; and hence that the choroid 
 may be the seat of vision, — not the retina. The 
 inference is illogical; for it doubtless falls on the 
 part of the optic nerve where the central artery 
 enters, and the central vein leaves the eyeball, 
 and where there is necessarily no neurine. 
 
 MARIS, fiaptg. Ancient name of a measure, 
 containing 83 pints and 4 ounces. 
 
 MARISCA, Ficus, Heemorrhois. 
 
 3IARJ0LAINE, Origanum majorana. 
 
 MARJORAM, COMMON, Origanum— m.Wild, 
 Origanum — m. Sweet, Origanum majorana. 
 
 MARJORANA, Origanum majorana — m. Man- 
 curana, Origanum. 
 
 MARMALADE, Marmelade. 
 
 MARMARYGE, see Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MARMARYGO'DES, 'brilliant.' An epithet, 
 joined particularly to the word o(p^a\p.os, to indi- 
 cate a brilliant eye, a flashing eye. An eye 
 which transmits the image of imaginary objects. 
 See Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MAR'MELADE, 3Iarmela'da, 3Iarmela'ta, 
 3Iarmalade, 3Iiva. Parts of vegetables, con 
 fected with sugar, and reduced to a pultacecwa 
 consistence. 
 
 Marmelade of Apricots. A marmelade, 
 prepared with two parts of ripe apricots deprived 
 of their stones, and one part of white sugar. 
 
 Marmelade of Fernel, M. of Tronchin. 
 
 Marmelade of Tronchin, or of Fernel. A 
 kind of thick looeh, of an agreeable taste, pre- 
 pared with tico ounces of oil of sioeet almonds, as 
 much syrup of violets, manna in tears, very fresh 
 j3u?j) of cassia, 16 grains of gum tragacanth, 4iid 
 
MARMELATA 
 
 540 
 
 MASLACH 
 
 tiro draclims of orange flower water. It is used 
 as a laxative, demulcent, and pectoral. 
 
 MARMELATA, Marmelade. 
 
 MARMOR, Marhle, Calais Car'honas durus, 
 (F.) Blarhre, White granular carbonate of lime. 
 Used in pharmacy for the preparation of a pure 
 lime, and the disengagement of carbonic acid. 
 
 MARMORATA AURIUM, Cerumen. 
 
 MARMORYGE, see Metamorphopsia — m.Hip- 
 pocratis, Ilemiopia. 
 
 MAROUTE, Anthemis eotula. 
 
 MAR'RIOTT, DRY VOMIT OF. This once 
 celebrated emetic, called dry, from its being ex- 
 hibited without drink, consisted of equal portions 
 of tartarized antimony and stdphate of copper. 
 
 3IABB0NIEB D'INBE, iEsculus Hippocas- 
 tanum. 
 
 MARROW, My'elos, MeduVla, M.ossium, Med'- 
 ullary Juice, Axim' gia de Mum' ia, Sax. merj,, (F.) 
 Jloelle, Sue medullaire. The oily, inflammable, 
 whitish or yellowish juice, which iills the medul- 
 lary canal of the long bones, the cancellated 
 structure at the extremities of those bones, the 
 diploe of flat bones, and the interior of short 
 bones. The marrow is furnished by the exhala- 
 tion of the medullary membrane. It is fluid 
 during life, and appears under the form of small 
 points or brilliant grains after death. It is en- 
 veloped in the medullary membrane. 
 
 Marrow, Spinal, Medulla spinalis — m. Ver- 
 tebral, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 MARRVBE BLANC, Marrubium — m. iVoiV, 
 Ballota foetida. 
 
 MARRU'BIUM, Marriibium vulga're seu al- 
 bum seu Oerman'icum seu apidum, Pra'sium, 
 Phrasum, Horehound, (F. ) Marruhe hlanc. The 
 leaves have a moderately strong, aromatic smell; 
 and a very bitter, penetrating, diflFusive, and du- 
 rable taste. It has often been given in coughs 
 and asthmas, united with sugar. Dose, 5SS to 5J> 
 in infusion ; dose of extract, gr. x to gss. 
 
 Ford's Balsam of Horehound, is made as 
 follows : — horeJiound, liquorice root, aa tbiij and 
 ^viij ; water, q. s. to strain ftivj. Infuse. To 
 the strained liquor add : — proof spirit or brandy, 
 R)12 ; camphor, ^j and ^'j j opium and benjamin, 
 aa ^j ; dried squills, gij ; oil of aniseed, ^j ; 
 honey, Ibiij and ^^"J- — Gray. It is pectoral. 
 
 Marrubium, Leonurus cardiaca — m. Album, 
 Marrubium — m. Apulum, Marrubium — m. Ger- 
 manicum, Marrubium — m. Nigrum, Ballota foe- 
 tida — m. Vulgare, Marrubium. 
 
 MARS, Ferrum — m. Solubilis, Ferrum tartari- 
 Eatum. 
 
 MARSEILLES, (CLIMATE OF.) The re- 
 marks made upon the climate of Montpelier ap- 
 ply even in greater force to that of Marseilles. 
 It possesses all the objectionable qualities of the 
 climate of southeastern France. 
 
 MARSH, Limne, Helos, Pains, Sax. mexTC, 
 (F. ) Marais. Marshy districts give off emana- 
 nations, which are the fruitful source of disease 
 and the cause of great insalubrity in many coun- 
 tries. The chief disease, occasioned by the mala- 
 ria or miasm, is intermittent fever. Hence it be- 
 comes important to drain such regions, if practi- 
 cable. Some marshy countries are not so liable 
 10 phthisis pulmonalis, and it has been found, 
 that where intermittents have been got rid of by 
 draining, consumption has, at times, become fre- 
 quent. The most unhealthy periods for resi- 
 dence in a marshy district are during the exist- 
 ence of the summer and autumnal heats; at 
 Tvhich times the water becomes evaporated, and 
 the marshy bottom is more or less exposed to the 
 eun's ray„. This postulatum seems necessary for 
 the production cf the miasmata : for whilst the 
 
 marsh is well covered with water, no miasm M 
 
 given off. 
 
 Marsh Poison, Miasm (marsh) — m. Mallow^^ 
 Althaea — m. Root, Statice Caroliniana — m. Tea, 
 Ledum palustre. 
 
 MARSHALL'S CERATE, see Cerate, Mar- 
 shall's. 
 
 MARSHY, Elodes. 
 
 MARSIPIUM, Marsupion. 
 
 MARSUM, Mar'sium, Mar'sicnm. An ancient 
 wine of Marsia, in Italy, which was used as an 
 astringent in certain diseases of the mouth. 
 
 MARSUPIAL, see Marsupion. 
 
 MARSUPIALIS, Ischio-trochanterianus, Ob- 
 turator internus. 
 
 MARSUPIATE, see Marsupion. 
 
 MARSU'PION, Marsyp'ion, 2Iarsip'pon, 3[ar- 
 su'pium, Marsip'inm, Sac'cidus. A sac or bag, 
 with which any part is fomented. Also, the ab- 
 dominal pouch in the kangaroo, opossum, <fee., 
 into which the young, born at a very early stage 
 of development, are received and nourished with 
 milk secreted from glands which open into the 
 pouches. Such animals are termed 3Iarsu'pial, 
 JIarsu'piate, 3fars}ij)ia'lia. See Generation. 
 
 MARSUPIUM, Scrotum — m. Musculosum, 
 Dartos. 
 
 MARSYPION, Marsupion. 
 
 3IABTEAV, Malleus. 
 
 MARTIAL, Chalybeate. 
 
 MARTIALIS, Chalybeate. 
 
 MARTIANA POMA, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 MARTIA'TUM UNGUEN'TUM, (F.) On- 
 guent de Soldat, Soldier's ointment. This was 
 composed of bay berries, rue, marjoram, mint, sage, 
 wormicood, basil, olive oil, yelUtw toax, and 3Ia- 
 laga icine. It was invented by Martian ; and was 
 employed by soldiers as a preservative against 
 cold. 
 
 MARTIS LIMATURA, Ferri limatura. 
 
 MARUM CORTUSI, Teucrium marum — m 
 Creticum, Teucrium marum — m. Syriacum, Teu- 
 crium marum — m. Verum, Teucrium marum — 
 m. Vulgare, Thymus mastichin'&. 
 
 MAS, Male, Modiolus. 
 
 MASCARPIO, Masturbator. 
 
 MASCHALE, Axilla. 
 
 MASCHALI^US, Axillary. 
 
 MASCHALIATRI'A, from ixaa)(^alv, 'the 
 axilla,' and tarpeta, ' healing.' Treatment of dis- 
 ease by applications made to the axilla. 
 
 MASCHALIS, Axilla. 
 
 MASCHALISTER, Axis. 
 
 MASCHALON'CUS, 3fa8cJialopa'nus, from 
 )ia(yx^a\ri, 'the axilla,' and oyKog, 'a tumour.' A 
 tumour or bubo or swelling in the axilla. 
 
 MASCHALOPANUS, Masehaloncus. 
 
 MASCULA, Tribade. 
 
 MASCULUS, Male. 
 
 MASESIS, Mastication. 
 
 3IASHUA, (S.) A tuberous root, of a flat, 
 pyramidal shape, which is cultivated and cooked 
 like the potato by the Serranos of Peru. It is 
 watery and insipid, but nevertheless is much 
 eaten by them. The Indians use the mashua as 
 a medicine in dropsy, dyspepsia, and dysentery. 
 The plant is unknown to botanists. — Tsehudi. 
 
 MASK, Larva, (F.) 3fasque. A bandage ap- 
 plied over the face, as a sort of mask, in cases 
 of burns, scalds, or er3'sipelas. It serves to pre- 
 serve the parts from the contact of air, and to 
 retain topical applications in situ. It is made of 
 a piece of lineu, of the size of the face, in which 
 apertures are made corresponding to the eyes, 
 nose, and mouth, and which is fixed by means 
 of strings stitched to the four angles. 
 
 MASLACH, 3Io8lich, Am'phion, An'Jion. A 
 
MASQUE 
 
 541 
 
 MASTOIDEUS 
 
 medicine much used by the Turks, and znto the 
 composition of which opium enters. It is ex- 
 citant. 
 
 3IASQUE, Mask. 
 
 MASS, fia^a, Maza, Massa, from ixacdio, 'I 
 mix.' The compound, from which pills have to 
 be formed. 
 
 MASSA, Mass — m. Carnea Jacobi Sylvii, see 
 Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo- 
 rans — m. de Dactylis, Paste, date — m. de Ex- 
 tracto glycyrrhizae, Pasta glycyrrhiza, &c. — m. 
 de Gummi Arabico, Paste, marshmallow — m. de 
 Zizyphorum fructu. Paste of jujubes. 
 
 MASSAGE, Shampooing. 
 
 MASSE D'EAU, Typha latifolia. 
 
 MASSEMA, Mastication. 
 
 MASSEMENT, Shampooing. 
 
 MASSES APOPHYSAIRES, see Vertebrae. 
 
 MASSESrS, Mastication. 
 
 MASSE'TER, from ^aaaofxai, '1 eat,' 'I chew.' 
 Mus'culus mandihida'ris, (F.) Zygomato-maxil- 
 laire. A muscle situate at the posterior part of 
 the cheek, and lying upon the ramus of the lower 
 jaw-bone. It is long, quadrilateral, and is at- 
 tached, above, to the inferior edge and to the 
 inner surface of the zygomatic arch ; beloio, it 
 terminates at the angle of the jaw, and at the 
 outer surface and inferior margin of the ramus 
 of that bone. It is composed of an intermixture 
 of fleshy and aponeurotic fibres. Its office is to 
 raise the lower jaw, and to act in mastication. 
 
 Masseteb Internus, Pterygoideus internus. 
 
 MASSETER'IC, Mas'seterine, Masseter'icus, 
 Masseteri'nus. Relating or belonging to the mas- 
 gflfpT" Tnuscl©. 
 
 MASSETERINE ARTERY arises from the 
 trunk of the internal maxillary or temporalis 
 profunda posterior, and is distributed to the mas- 
 seter muscle, after having passed, horizontally, 
 through the sigmoid notch of the lower jaw-bone. 
 
 Masseterine Nerve is given oif from the 
 inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair. It 
 passes through the sigmoid notch, and is distri- 
 buted on the inner surface of the masseter. In 
 luxation of the lower jaw, this nerve is strongly 
 stretched, and considerable pain, consequently, 
 produced. 
 
 Masseteeine Vein has the same distribution 
 as the artery. It opens into the internal maxil- 
 lary vein. 
 
 MASSBTERINUS, Masseteric. 
 
 MASSETTE, Typha latifolia. 
 
 MASSICOT, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 MASSING, Shampooing. 
 
 MASSULA, Molecule. 
 
 MASTADENITIS, Mastitis, 
 
 MASTALGIA, Mastodynia. 
 
 MASTAX, Mystax. 
 
 MASTEMA, Masticatory. 
 
 MASTER OF THE WOODS, Galium circee- 
 zans. 
 
 MASTERAVORT, Angelica atropurpurea, He- 
 racleum lanatum, Imperatoria. 
 
 MASTESIS, Mastication. 
 
 MASTHELCOSIS, Mastodynia apostematosa. 
 
 MASTHOS, Mamma. 
 
 MASTICA'TION, Mastka'tio, Mase'ais, 3Ias- 
 ee'sis, Masse'ma, Maste'sis, Manduca'tio, Oom- 
 mandiwa'tio, Manduca'tion, from fiaari'x^aij), 'I 
 chew.' The action of chewing or bruising food, 
 to prepare it for the digestion it has to undergo 
 in the stomach. This is executed by the joint 
 action of the tongue, cheeks, and lips, which push 
 the alimentary substance between the teeth; and 
 by the motions of the lower jaw it is cut, torn, or 
 bruised. 
 
 MAS'TICATORY, Maaticato'rium, Maste'ma, 
 Diamaate' ma. Same etymon. Chewing. Re- 
 
 lating or appertaining to mastication or cnewing. 
 Also, a substance, chewed with the intention of 
 exciting the secretion of saliva. 
 
 Masticatory Nerve, see Trigemini. 
 
 MASTICH, see Pistacia lentiscus — m. Herb, 
 common. Thymus mastichina — m. Herb, Syrian, 
 Teucrium marum — m. Tree, Pistacia lentiscus. 
 
 MASTICHINA GALLORUM, Thymus mas- 
 tichina. 
 
 MASTIGODES HOMINIS, Trichocephalus. 
 
 MASTIGO'SIS, Flagella'tio. Flagellation, 
 scourging; employed by the ancients as a remedy 
 in many diseases. 
 
 MASTI'TIS, MastoVtis, Mazoi'tis, Infamma'. 
 tio MammcB, Mastadeni'tis, (F.) Inflammation dea 
 Mamelles, from jxacTos, 'the breast,' and ■itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the breast. 
 Inflammation of the mammary gland of the preg- 
 nant or parturient female is vulgarly called a 
 jceed, and a weed in the breast. 
 
 Mastitis Apostematosa, Mastodynia aposte- 
 matosa. 
 
 Mastitis Pueepera'lis. Inflammation of the 
 mamma in the childbed woman. 
 
 MASTIX, see Pistacia lentiscus. 
 
 MASTODES, Mastoid. 
 
 MASTODYN'IA, Masfal'gia, Mazodyn'ia, 
 from jxaaro;, 'the breast,' and ohwrj, 'pain.' Pain 
 in the breasts; a form of neuralgia. See Neu- 
 ralgia mammae. 
 
 Mastodyn'ta Apostemato'sa, PTileg'mone 
 MammoB, Masthelco'sis, Masti'tis apostemato'sa, 
 Galactaposte' ma, Galactoinastoparecto'ma, Ab- 
 aces'sus Mammm, A. lac'teus, Pkhg'mone Masto- 
 dyn'ia, Abscess of the Breast, Mam'mary Abscess, 
 3Iilk-abscess. Phlegmonous inflammation of the 
 breasts, running on to suppuration, generally in 
 the childbed female. It is one of the best ex- 
 amples of acute phlegmonous inflammation, and 
 requires the active use of appropriate treatment. 
 
 Mastodynia Polygala, Sparganosis — m. Po- 
 lygala, Mastospargosis. 
 
 MASTOID, MastoVdes, Masto'des, dlasto'ideiis, 
 3fammiUa'ria,Papil'li-&u-tmainm.illi-formis,Mam- 
 miform'is, 3Iam'miform, from jxaarog, ' a breast,' 
 and cL&os, 'form, resemblance.' Having the form 
 of a nipple. Also, that which relates to the mas- 
 toid process, 3IastoV deus. 
 
 Mastoid Aperture : — the opening of commu- 
 nication between the cavity of the tympanum 
 and the mastoid cells. 
 
 Mastoid Cells, Antrum mastoVdeum, 3fas- 
 toid Sinuses. These are situate in the mastoid 
 process; communicate with each other, and open 
 into the cavity of the tympanum. Their use 
 seems to be to increase the intensity of sound. 
 
 Mastoid Foramen is situate behind the mas- 
 toid process, and gives passage to a small artery 
 of the dura mater, as well as to a vein which 
 opens into the lateral sinus. 
 
 Mastoid Fossa, (F.) Gouttiere masfo'idienne, 
 is a depression at the inner surface of the mastoid 
 portion of the temporal bone, which forms part 
 of the lateral sinus. 
 
 Mastoid or Digastric Groove, (F.) Rainure 
 mastoidienne ou digastriqiie, is a groove, situate 
 at the inner side of the mastoid process, which 
 affords attachment to the posterior belly of the 
 digastric muscle. 
 
 Mastoid Muscle, Posterior, Splenius. 
 
 Mastoid or Mam'miform or Mam'millary 
 Process, Pars mastoidea, is situate at the infe- 
 rior and posterior part of the temporal bone, and 
 giv,§s attachment to the digastric and mastoid 
 muscles. 
 
 MASTOIDEUS, Sterno-cleido-mastoideus—ni. 
 Lateralis, Ccmplexus minor. 
 
MASTOID 0- CONCHINIEN 
 
 542 
 
 MATLOCK 
 
 _ MASTOiDO-CONCHINIEN, Retrahens au- 
 ris-— TO. Genien, Digastricus — w. Hyogenien, Di- 
 gastricus — m. Oriculaire, Retrahens auris. 
 
 MASTON'CUS, Thelon'cug, from ytacTog, 'the 
 breast,' and oyKog, ' a tumour.' A tumefaction 
 of the nipple, or of the breast itself. 
 
 Mastoxcus Polygalacticus, Mastospargosis. 
 
 MASTOPATHI'A, from ^iaarog, 'the breast,' 
 and TTados, ' disease.' An afiFection of the breast. 
 
 MASTORRHAG"IA, from ixaaTog, ' the breast,' 
 and pnyvviit, ' to flow.' An unusual flow of milk. 
 
 MASTOS, Mamma. 
 
 MASTOSPARGO'SIS, Maatodyn'ia polyg'ala, 
 Mcmton' cii^ polygalac' ticus, from jiaarc;, 'the 
 breast/ and a^rapyam, 'I am full to bursting.' Ful- 
 ness of the breasts with milk, so that they are 
 ready to burst. 
 
 MASTRUPATIO, Masturbation. 
 
 MASTURBA'TIOX, Cince'dia, Gar'gale, Gar'- 
 galus, Gargalin'mus, Mastupra'tio, Ifanustupra'- 
 tio, Manstupra'tio, from manus, ' the hand,' and 
 atvjyro, ' I ravish ;' Ona'nia, On'anism, ^Edoeo- 
 gargaria'nnis, ^doeogar'galus, Anaplas'mu8, Gau'- 
 dia fceda, Ducl'io prapti'tii, Vol' untary Pollu'- 
 tion, Self Pollution, Self-abuse, (F.) Abus de soi- 
 meme, Attouchement. Excitement of the genital 
 organs by the hand. 
 
 MASTURBA'TOR, IfasUipra' tor, Manusiu- 
 pra'tor, Mascar'pio : same etymon. One given 
 to masturbation. 
 
 MASTUS, Mamma, 
 
 3rAT, (F.) Dull. 
 
 MAT SON, (F.) A dull sound. The obscure 
 Boise, afforded in certain diseases when any part, 
 as the chest, is percussed. It has been compared 
 to that produced when the thigh is struck. It is 
 opposed to the So7i clair, or 'clear sound.' 
 
 MATE, see Ilex Paraguensis. 
 
 MATER. Uterus — m. Dura, Dura mater — m. 
 Herbarum, Artemisia Tulgaris — m. Metallorum, 
 Hydrargyrum — m. Mollis, Pia mater — m. Perla- 
 rum, see Pearl — m. Pia, Pia mater — m. Secalis, 
 Ergot — m. Tenuis, Pia mater. 
 
 MATERIA, Matter — m. Fibrosa, Fibrin. 
 
 Mate'ria Med'ica, Pharmacolog"ia, Pharmn- 
 ccl'ogy, Acol'ogij or Akol'ogy or Aceolng"ia, Hyle 
 latrice, Ianiatolog"ia, lamatoV ogy , (F.) Matiere 
 Medieale. The division of medical science which 
 treat-s of the knowledge of medicines ; their action 
 on the animal economy, and mode of administra- 
 tion. The study of the Materia Medica is one of 
 great importance; — it is a study of the tools with 
 which the practitioner has to work in the cure 
 of disease. Much labour has been spent in con- 
 triving classifications of the Materia Medica. 
 Some have arranged the articles according to 
 their natural resemblances; others, according to 
 their real or presumed virtues: others, according 
 to their active constituent principles. The Phar- 
 macopoeias place them alphabetically. Perhaps 
 the best classification would be one founded on 
 the agency exerted by the articles on the different 
 tissues; but this arrangement, in the present state 
 of science, is by no means easy; and, moreover, 
 ideas in regard to the action of medicines are 
 fco associated with certain terras, — as narcotics. 
 tonics, sedatives, &c., employed to denote certain 
 operations, which they are esteemed capable of 
 ])roducing, that, to abandon them, would be to 
 throw obstacles in the way of the student, with- 
 out the ultimate advantage accruing to him of 
 possessing a better knowledge of the modva ope- 
 randi of medicines than when a classificatien, 
 Bomewhat resembling those usually embraced^ is 
 adopted. 
 
 The following is the classification adopted by 
 
 the Author, in his "General Therapeutics and 
 Materia Medica," 4th edit., Philad., 1850: — 
 
 1. Agents that affect pro- ( Emetics, 
 minently the alimentary ca--! Cathartics, 
 nal or its contents, ( AnthelminticB. 
 
 2. Agents that affect pro- C 
 
 minently the respiratory or- 1 Expectorants. 
 gan.s, ( 
 
 r Errhines, 
 
 3. Agents that affect pro- | Sialogogues, 
 minently the follicular or -I Diuretics, 
 glandular organs, Antilithics, 
 
 [ Diaphoretics. 
 
 4. Agents that affect pro- ( Narcotics, 
 minently the nervous sys- < Tetanies, 
 
 tem, (^ Antispasmodics. 
 
 5. Agents that affect pro- ( t, 
 
 minently the organs of re- -^ Emmenagogue., 
 production, | Parturifacients, 
 
 f Excitants, 
 Tonics, 
 
 6. Agents that affect va- Astringents, 
 rious organs, \i^{S^, 
 
 Revellents, 
 [ Eutrophics. 
 
 7. Agents whose action is f '^°?^,^?'^^. 
 prominently chemical, 1 A^talk^ lies 
 
 ^ •' ' (^ Disinfectants. 
 
 8. Agents whose action is ( Demulcents, 
 prominently mechanical, [ Diluents. 
 
 Of old, the Materia Medica consisted of more 
 articles than at present. The tendency, indeed, 
 is, and must be, to diminish it still further: to 
 get rid of those articles which possess no advan- 
 tages over others equally common, or whose pro- 
 perties are doubtful. In a dictionary, it becuriiCs 
 necessary to insert all that have been reputed to 
 possess virtues; but the majority are unneccf^- 
 sary. The catalogue might be largely reduced, 
 with impunity. 
 
 Materia Medica, Dynamical, Pharmacody- 
 namics. 
 
 Materia Morbo'sa, M. Peccans, 3fate'rie> 
 Morbi. Morbid matter. The matter or matcriiil 
 which is the cause of disease. 
 
 Materia Ossea, Terra Ossea — m. Peccang, 
 M. Morbosa — m. Salina, see Saliva — m. TcEtar- 
 cea dentiura, see Tooth — m. Urinosa, Urea. 
 
 MATERIALISTA, Druggist. 
 
 MA TERIA UX IMMEDIA TS, Principles, im- 
 mediate. 
 
 MATERIES, Matter— m. Morbi, Materia mor- 
 bosa. 
 
 MATHEWS PILLS, Pilulee ex helleboro et 
 myrrha, 
 
 MA'TIAS. The bark of a South American 
 tree, not yet determined. It is used in its native 
 country in intermittents, and as a tonic generally. 
 Its principal characteristic constituent is a bitter 
 resinous matter. It is probably the same as the 
 Molambo bark. 
 
 MATI'CO, (pronounced matee'co,) Yerha dtt 
 Soldado, or Soldier's weed. A South American 
 herb — Piper angustifolinm, Artan'the elonga'ta 
 - — which is possessed of astringent virtues, and is 
 used both internally and externally. It is given 
 in infusion made of one ounce of the leaves to a 
 pint of boiling water, of which the dose is f.^iss, 
 or in tincture, made of 3iis3 of the leaves to a 
 pint of dilute alcohol. 
 
 MATIEBE, Matter — m. CerHbriforme, Enee- 
 phaloid — m. Extractive dn Bouillon, Osm.a/.ouie 
 — m. Medicnle, Materia Medica — m. Pcrlee de 
 Kerkring, Antimonium diaphoreticum — m. Pul- 
 n}onaire noire, see Pulmo. 
 
 MATLOCK, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mat- 
 lock is a village in Derbyshire, England, at which 
 
MATONIA 
 
 543 
 
 MAXILLARY 
 
 Ibere is a mineral spring of the acidulous class. 
 Temperature 66°. It differs but little, except in 
 temperature, from good spring-water. It is ge- 
 nerally used as a tepid bath. 
 
 MATONIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car- 
 damomum. 
 
 MATORIUM, Ammoniac, gum. 
 
 MATRACIUM, Matrass, Urinal. 
 
 MATRASS, Matra'cium. A glass vessel with 
 a long neck ; and a round, and sometimes oval, 
 body. It may be furnished with tubulures, or 
 not. It is used in Pharmacy for distillation, di- 
 gestion, &c. 
 
 MATRES CEREBRI, Meninges. 
 
 MATRICAIRE, Matricaria. 
 
 MATRICA'LIS, Matrica' riw, from matrix, 
 ' the uterus.' Relating to the uterus. 
 
 Matricalla are remedies for diseases of the 
 uterus. 
 
 MATRICA'RIA, from matrix, 'the womb;' so 
 called from its reputed virtues in affections of 
 that organ. Matrica'rm Parthe'nium, Partke'- 
 nium febrif ugum, Py' rethrum partlie' nium , Chry- 
 tanth'emum pa)'the'nium, Argyrochcs'ta, Clirysoc' - 
 alts, Fever-few, Feather-few, Mother-wort, (F.) 
 Matricaire. Nat. Ord. Compositse. It resembles, 
 in its properties, chamomile and tansy ; and, like 
 them, has been esteemed tonic, stomachic, resol- 
 vent, emmenagogue, vermifuge, &c. It is not 
 much used. 
 
 Matricaria, Anthemis nobilis. 
 
 Matrica'ria Chamomil'la, 3L Siiav'eolena, 
 An'themis vulga'ris, Chamceme'lnm Vulqa're, Cha- 
 momil'la nostras, Leucan' themnm of Dioscorides, 
 Wild Corn, Dog's Cham' omile, German Chamo- 
 mile, (F.) Camomille vulgaire. It resembles 
 Matricaria in properties. 
 
 Matrica'ria Glabra'ta. A South African 
 plant, known at the Cape as Wild Chamomile, 
 has the same properties as the other species of 
 matriearia, 
 
 Matricaria Leucanthemum, Chrysanthemum 
 Leucan themum — m. Suaveolens, M. Chamomilla. 
 
 MATRIOE, Uterus — OT. Col de la, Collum 
 uteri. 
 
 MATRICULATE, from matricida, diminutive 
 of matrix, ' a roll,' originally ' an army roll or 
 register.' One who is admitted into a university 
 or college, by enrolling or having his name en- 
 rolled on the register of the institution. In 
 France, prendre inscription means * to matricu- 
 late ;' and, in the university regulations of that 
 country, it is required, that the inscription shall 
 be made every three months, until the termina- 
 tion of the prescribed period of study ; the stu- 
 dent having to take his inscription within the 
 first fortnight of each trimestre or of every three 
 months, and to present himself within the last 
 fortnight of the trimestre to establish the fact of 
 his attendance. 
 
 In this country, it is only necessary to matri- 
 culate at the commencement of each session. 
 
 One who has thus enrolled himself in an insti- 
 tution is called a Matricidate. 
 
 MATRISYLVA, Asperula odorata. 
 
 MATRIX, Cy to blastema, Uterus — m. Unguis, 
 see Nail. 
 
 MATRONA, Midwife. 
 
 MATRONALIS, Viola. 
 
 MATTEE, see Ilex Paraguensis. 
 
 MATTER, Mate'ria, Hyle, Mate'ries, (F.) Ma- 
 ti'^re. Any substance which enters into the com- 
 position of a body. In Medicine, it is sometimes 
 applied to the substance of evacuations ; and is 
 also used synonvmously with pus. 
 
 MATTING OF PARTS, Hapantismus. 
 
 MATULA, Urinal. 
 
 MATURA'TION, Matttra'tio, from maturare. 
 
 ' to ripen.' Pepas'mos, Pepan'sis. ProgTession 
 of an abscess towards maturity. The state of 
 maturity. Coction. 
 
 31 A 'TUBA TIF, Maturati ve. 
 
 MAT'URATIVE, Matu'rans, Pepanticos, (F.) 
 Maturatif. A medicine which favours the matu- 
 ration of an inflammatory tumour. 
 
 MATURATUS, Concocted. 
 
 MATU'RITY, Matu'ritas, ITora'otes. The 
 state of fruits and seeds, when comparatively de- 
 veloped. State of an abscess, in which the pus 
 is completely formed. 
 
 Maturity, Precocious, Prajotia. 
 
 MAUDLIN, Achillea ageratum — m. Tansey, 
 Achillea ageratum — m. Wort, Chrysanthemum 
 leucanthemum. 
 
 MAUVE SAUVAGE, Malva. 
 
 MAUX DE NERFS, Hysteria. 
 
 MAXILLA, Maxillary Bone. 
 
 MAX'ILLARY, Maxilla'ris, (F.) Maxillaire, 
 from maxilla, 'a jaw.' Relating or belonging to 
 the jaws ; from /laccaoi, ' I chew.' 
 
 Maxillary Arteries are three in number. 
 1. External maxillary. See Facial. 2. Internal 
 maxillary — A. Guttnro-maxillaire, (Ch.) This 
 arises from the external carotid with the tempo- 
 ral. It is remarkable for its complex course, 
 and for the number of branches which it trans- 
 mits to the deep-seated parts of the face. Imme- 
 diately after its origin, it buries itself under the 
 neck of the lower jaw, curving inwards and down- 
 wards. It then advances directly inwards ; pro- 
 ceeding in the space between the two pterygoid 
 muscles towards the maxillary tuberosity. It 
 turns again, becomes vertical, and ascends into 
 the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, until, having 
 arrived at the floor of the orbit, it takes a hori- 
 zontal and transverse direction ; enters the sphe- 
 no- maxillary fossa, and divides into several 
 branches. See Artery, (table.) 
 
 Maxillary Bone, Maxil'la, Mandih'ida, Gam'- 
 phele, Gnathiis, Mola, Siagon, 'jaw.' (F.) Ma- 
 ehoire. A name given to two bones, which sup- 
 port the teeth, and, by means of them, are inser- 
 vient to the cutting, bruising, and tearing of 
 alimentary substances. 
 
 The maxillary bones are two in number. 
 
 Maxillary Bone, Inferior, Loiuer jaw-lone, 
 Os Maxilla're inferiiis, Mnehoire diacranienne, 
 Maxil'la inferior, (F.) Os maxillaire, (Ch.,) is a 
 symmetrical, nearly parabolic bone, the middle 
 portion of which is horizontal, and called the 
 body ; and the posterior is vertical, the angular 
 portions being termed Rami or branches. 'These 
 have behind a parotidean edge, which forms — 
 by uniting with the base — the angle of the jaw. 
 The branches terminate above by two processes 
 separated by the sigmoid notch or fossa; the an- 
 terior of which is called the eoronoid; the post-e- 
 rior, the condyloid process or maxillary condyle, 
 supported by a Cervix, Collum, or Neck. The 
 chief parts observed on the lower jaw are — 1. 
 Externally, — the Sym'physia menti, Apoph'ysia 
 menti, Mental foramen, and the external oblique 
 line. 2. Internally, — the Geniapoph'ysis, the 
 internal or Myloid oblique lines, and the entrance 
 of the dental canal. The lower jaw has, also, an 
 alveolar edge, which contains alveoli for the re- 
 ception of the teeth. The lower jaw-bone is de- 
 veloped by two points of ossification, which unit.e 
 at the symphysis of the chin. It is articulated 
 with the temporal bone and with the teeth. 
 
 Maxillary Bone, Superior, Ujiper jaio-bont, 
 Maxil'la superior, Os maxilla're snpe'rius, Max- 
 il'la syncra'nia, (F.) Os sus-maxillaire, (Ch.,) 
 Machoire syneranienne. The upper jaw-bores 
 are to the face what the sphenoid bone is to the 
 cranium. They are articulated with all the por 
 
MlXILLO 
 
 544 
 
 MECONIUM 
 
 tions composing it. They determine, almost 
 alone, the shape of the face, and give it solidity. 
 Their size is considerable ; form unequal. They 
 occupy the middle and anterior part of the face ; 
 and enter into the composition of the nasal fossae, 
 orbit, and mouth. The chief parts observable in 
 the upper jaw are — 1. Externally, — the Nasal 
 process, (F.) Apopliyse montante, the Fora'men 
 'iiifrn-orbita'riujn, Zygomat'ic process, Cavine fos- 
 mi, 3Iyr'tiforni fossa. 2. Internally, — the Pal' - 
 at ine process, Ante'rior paVatine canal, and the 
 Antrum of Hi ghmore. Its circumference is very 
 unequal, and it has behind a round, unequal pro- 
 minence, called the Maxillary titberosity, which 
 is pierced by the posterior dental canal. Ante- 
 riorly, there is a notch, which forms part of the 
 anterior aperture of the nasal fossa5, and beneath, 
 an eminence, called the anterior nasal spine. The 
 lower part of this circumference forms the alve- 
 olar margin. Each superior maxillary bone is 
 articulated with the ethmoid, frontal, nasal, la- 
 chrymal, palatine, inferior, spongy, vomer, its 
 fellow, the teeth of the upper jaw, and sometimes 
 the sphenoid bone. It is developed by four or five 
 points of ossification. 
 
 Maxil-lary Nerves are two in number, and 
 formed of the second and third branches of the 
 fifth pair. The Superior Maxillary Nerve, 
 Nerf sus-maxillaire (Ch.), arises from the middle 
 of the gangliform enlargement of the fifth pair ; 
 passes forwards, and issues from the cranium 
 through the foramen rotundpm of the sphenoid 
 bone; enters the spheno-maxillary fossa, which 
 it crosses horizontally; passes into the infra- 
 orbitar canal, which it traverses ; and makes its 
 exit to vanish on the cheek. It gives ofi' the fol- 
 lowing branches, — the orhitar, a branch which 
 goes to the sjjJieno-palatine ganglion; posterior 
 dental branches; the anterior dental, — and ter- 
 minates in the infra-orbitar nerves, which are 
 divided into snpterior, inferior, and internal. The 
 inferior maxillary nerve, Nerf maxill aire (Ch.), is 
 the largest of the three branches furnished by the 
 fifth pair. It issues from the cranium by the 
 foramen ovale of the sphenoid. Having reached 
 the zygomatic fossa, it divides into two trunks ; 
 the one superior and external, which gives off 
 the temporales profundi, masseterine, buccal, and 
 2>terygoids ; — the other — inferior and interned — 
 the larger of the two, which furnishes the inferior 
 dental, lingual, and auricular. 
 
 Maxillary Veins present the same arrange- 
 ment as the arteries they accompany. 
 
 MAXILL - AL VEOLI- NASAL, Depressor 
 alse nasi — m. Lc(biul, Depressor anguli oris — m. 
 Narinal, Compressor naris — m. Palpebral, Orbi- 
 cularis palpebrarum — m. Scleroticien, Obliquus 
 inferior oculi. 
 
 MAY APPLE, Podophyllum peltatum — m. a. 
 Mountain, Podophyllum montanum — m. Flower, 
 Anthemis cotula — m. Weed, Anthemis cotula. 
 
 MAYELLA, Curcuma longa. 
 
 MAYNARD'S ADHESIVE LIQUID, Collo- 
 dion. 
 
 MAYS, Zea mays — m. Americana, Zea mays 
 — m. Zea, Zea mays. 
 
 MAZA, Mass, Placenta. 
 
 MA'ZICUS, from maza, 'placenta.' Relating 
 to the placenta. 
 
 MAZISCH'ESIS, from maza, 'the placenta,' 
 aud (jxtaii. 'holding,' 'retention.' Retention of 
 the placenta. 
 
 MAZODYNIA, Mastodynia. 
 
 MAZOITIS, Mastitis. 
 
 MAZOL'YSIS, from maza, 'placenta,' and 
 Avff.j, 'solution.' Separation of the placenta. 
 
 MAZOPATHI'A, from maza, 'placenta,' and 
 TTadog, ' disease.' A disease of the placenta. One 
 originating from the placenta. 
 
 MAZOS, Mamma. 
 
 MEAD, Hydromeli, Melizomum. 
 
 MEADOW BLOOM, Ranunculus acris — m. 
 Fern, Comptonia asplenifolia — m. Pride, see Ca- 
 lumba — m. Rue, Thalictron — m. Saffron, Vinegar 
 of, Acetum colchici — m. Sweet, Gillenia trifoliata. 
 Spiraea ulmaria — m. Sweet, red, Spiraea tomen- 
 tosa. 
 
 MEALY TREE, Viburnum dentatum. 
 
 MEASLES, Rubeola — m. Black, see Rubeola 
 — m. False, Roseolse — m. French, Roseolse. 
 
 MEASLY, Morbillous. 
 
 MEASUREMENT, Mensuration. 
 
 MEASURING, MEDICAL, Mensuration. 
 
 MEAT BISCUIT, see Biscuit, meat. 
 
 MEAT, EXTRACTIVE OF, Osmazome. 
 
 3IEAT, Meatus. 
 
 MEA'TUS, Ductus, Cana'lia, Poms, (F.) Meat. 
 A passage or canal. 
 
 Meatus Auditorius Externus, Auditory ca- 
 nal, external — m. Auditorius internus. Auditory 
 canal, internal — m. Csecus, Eustachian tube — m. 
 Narium, see Nasal fossae — m. Seminales uteri, 
 Tubee Fallopianae — m. Seminarius, Corpus High- 
 mori- — m. Urinarius, Urethra. 
 
 MECHAMECK, Convolvulus panduratus— m. 
 Bindweed, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 MECHANE, Machine. 
 
 MECHANEMA, Machine. 
 
 MECHAN'ICAL, Mechan'icus, from nvx'^^l- 
 ' a machine.' An epithet given to irritating bo- 
 dies, which do not act chymically — as a, mechani-. 
 cal irritant. 
 
 Mechanical or Iatro-mathematical Physi- 
 cians, Icitro-niechan'ici sen lafromatkemat'ici, are 
 such as refer every function, healthy or morbid, 
 to mechanical or mathematical principles ; — Me- 
 dici'na niechan'ica. 
 
 _ MECHAN'ICS, AN'IMAL. Thatpart of phy- 
 siology whose objects are to investigate the laws 
 of equilibrium and motion of the animal body. 
 
 MECH'ANISM. The structure of a body; 
 the collection or aggregate of the parts of a ma- 
 chine ; the mode in which forces produce any 
 efi'ect, &c. 
 
 MECHE, Tent. This term is usually applied 
 in French surgery to a collection of threads of 
 charpie, cotton or raw silk united together, which 
 are used for deterging sinuous or fistulous ulcers ; 
 or to keep open or enlarge natural or artificial 
 apertures. They are generally applied by means 
 of an instrument called Porte-meche. 
 
 MECHOACANA nigra. Convolvulus jalapa 
 — m. Nigricans, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 MECHOACANiE RADIX, Convolvulus me- 
 choaean. 
 
 ME OHO AC AN BU CANADA, Phytolacca 
 decandra. 
 
 MECOM'ETER, {¥ .) 3Iecometre ; from unKoi, 
 'length,' and jicrpov, 'measure.' A kind of gra- 
 duated compass, — c.om2)as de proportion, — used at 
 the Hospice de Maternite of Paris, to measure 
 the length of new-born infants. 
 
 MECON, Meconium, Opium, Papaver. 
 
 MECONICUM, Opiate. 
 
 MECONIS'MUS, Intoxica'tio opia'ca ; from 
 HrjKwv, ' the poppy.' Poisoning by opium. 
 
 MECO'NIUM, same etymon. Poppy juice, 
 Papaver'cnlnm, Purgamen'ta Infantis, Mccnn, 
 The excrement passed by the infant a short 
 time after birth, which had accumulated in tlie 
 intestines during pregnancy. It is of a greenish 
 or deep black colour, and very viscid. It seems 
 
MECOXOLOaiA 
 
 515 
 
 MEDICINA 
 
 formed of tlie mucous geeretions of the intestines 
 mixed with bile. See Opium. 
 
 MECONOLOG"IA, Opiolog"ia; from /^tjkwv, 
 * a poppy,' and 'Xoyos, ' a description.' A treatise 
 on opium. 
 
 MECOJfOPSIS DIPHYLLA, Stylophorum di- 
 phyllum. 
 
 MEDEA, Genital organs. 
 
 MEDECJN, Physician — m. Consultant, Con- 
 sulting physician. 
 
 MEDECINE, Medicina — m. Expectante, Ex- 
 pectation — in. Legale, Medicine, legal — m. Ope- 
 ratoire, Sui-gery, operative — m. Pertwhatrice, 
 Perturbatrix (Medicina.) 
 
 MEDELA, Curation. 
 
 MEDEOLA VERTICILLIFOLIA, M, Virgi- 
 nica. 
 
 Mede'ola Virgin'ica, M. verficHlifo'lia, Gy- 
 ro'mia Virc/in'ica, Indian cu' cumber. An indi- 
 genous herb, growing in every part of the United 
 States, the root of which resembles a small cu- 
 cumber. It has been thought to be diuretic. 
 
 MEDIAN, 3Iedia'nu8; from medium, 'the mid- 
 dle.' That which is situate in the middle. 
 
 Median Line. A vertical line, supposed to 
 divide a body longitudinally into two equal parts; 
 the one right, the other left. Chaussier calls the 
 linea alba the ligne mediane of the abdomen. 
 
 Median Nerve, 3Iedian digital, (Ch.) This 
 nerve arises chieflj' from the anterior branches of 
 the last two cervical nerves and first dorsal. The 
 fifth and sixth cervical pairs also send it a branch, 
 which separates from the musculo -cutaneous 
 nerve. The median nerve descends the inner 
 part of the arm along the biceps muscle. Op- 
 posite the elbow joint it buries itself behind 
 the aponeurosis of that muscle, and engages it- 
 self between the two fasciculi of the pronator 
 teres. Lower down, it is situate between the 
 flexors — sublimis and profundus — and passes, 
 with their tendons, under the anterior annular 
 ligament; it then divides into five branches, 
 which are distributed to the muscles of the the- 
 nar eminence, to the lumbricales, the integuments 
 of the thumb, the index, middle finger, and outer 
 part of the ring finger. This nerve gives no 
 branches to the arm. In the forearm, it furnishes 
 filaments to all the pronator and flexor muscles; 
 and one of them accompanies the anterior inter- 
 osseous artery. It also gives off a filament to the 
 integuments of the palm of the hand. 
 
 Median Veins. Three of the superficial veins 
 of the forearm are so called. The median basilic 
 — the median cephalic and common median or fu- 
 nis brachii. See Basilic and Cephalic. 
 
 MEDIANUM, Mediastinum, Mesentery. 
 
 MEDIAS'TINAL, Mediastina' lis. Relating to 
 the Mediastinum. 
 
 Mediastinal Arteries are very delicate arte- 
 rial branches, distributed in the areolar texture 
 of the mediastinum. They are distinguished, 
 according to their situation, into anterior and 
 posterior. 
 
 MEDIASTINITIS, Mesodraitis. 
 
 MEDIASTI'NUM, Mediasti'nus, quasi, in me- 
 dio stans, as being in the middle ; Mesod'me, 3Ie- 
 dia'num, Mesotoe' chium, Ifesotos'chmn, Septum 
 thora'cis, Hi/men Diaphrat'ton, Membra'na Dia- 
 phratton, 3Iembra'na thora'cem intersejj'iens, In- 
 tersejiimen'tum, thora'cis, Diribito'rium, Dissipi- 
 men'tum tJiora'cis. A membranous septum formed 
 by the approximation of the pleurae, dividing the 
 chest into t^ o parts, the one right, the other left. 
 The mediastinum, formed by a double refl<»<;non 
 of the pleura, extends from the spine to the pos- 
 terior surface of the sternum. Its anterior part, 
 called Anterior mediastinum, Mediastinum pecto- 
 35 
 
 ra'le, lodges, at its upper part, the thymus gland 
 in ihe foetus, and is filled below with fatty, areo- 
 lar tissue. Its posterior part, parallel to the 
 spine, is occupied by the oesophagus, vena azy- 
 gos, thoracic duct, the lower part of the windpipe, 
 the origin of the bronchia and a number of lym- 
 phatic glands. This part is called the posterior 
 mediastinum — ilediastinum dorsa'le. 
 
 Mediastinum Auris, see Tympanum — m. Ce- 
 rebri, Falx cerebri. Septum lucidum — m. Testis, 
 Corpus Highmori. 
 
 MEDIASTINUS, Mediastinum. 
 
 MEDICABILIS, Curable. 
 
 MEDICABLE, Curable. 
 
 MED'IC^. Sworn midwives, whose duty it 
 was, of old, to inspect women in cases of suspect- 
 ed pregnancy. 
 
 MED'ICAL, Medica'lis, liU'ricus, PcBon'ius, 
 Pceon'icns, Phys'ical, Escula'pian, (F.) lledical. 
 Same etymon as Medicament. Appertaining or 
 relating to medicine or to medicines. 
 
 Medical Jurisprudence, Medicine, legal. 
 
 MEDICALIS, Medicah 
 
 MED'ICAMENT, Medicamen'tum, Eemed'ium, 
 Ace'sis, Aces'ma, Acea'tium, Aces'tys, Althos, Hy- 
 gias'ma, la'ma, Acos, Medica'men, Phar'macum, 
 Pharmaceu'ma, Alkar, Auxil'ium, JBoethe'ma, 
 Iled'icine, Physic, Rem'edy, (F.) Bemede ; from 
 medicare, ' to cure or heal.' A medicine. Any 
 substance exhibited with the view of curing or 
 allaying morbid action. Medicines are obtained 
 from the three kingdoms of nature, and are di- 
 vided into internal and external, according as 
 they are administered internally or applied ex- 
 ternally. 
 
 MEDICAMENTAL, Medicinal. 
 
 MEDICAMENTO'SUS LAPIS, Medic"innl 
 stone, (F.) Pierre medicamentense. A name for- 
 merly given to a mixture of peroxyd of iron, li- 
 tharge, alum, nitre, sal ammoniac, and vinegar : 
 evaporated and calcined at a red heat for an 
 hour. The product was regarded as eminently 
 astrinsrent. 
 
 MEDIC AMENTUM, Drug — m. ex Palmulis, 
 Diaphoenicon. 
 
 MEDICAS'TER, 3Tedicastra. An ignorant 
 practitioner. A charlatan. 
 
 MEDICA'TION, 3Iedica'tio, from mederi, ' to 
 remedy.' The change in the animal economy 
 produced by the operation of remedies. Treat- 
 ment by medicine. 
 
 MEDICI'NA, Ars med'ica. Res medica, An 
 3lachao'nia, A. 3laehaon' ica, lat'rice, late'ria, 
 Idtri'a, latri'ne, Pcsos'yne, Pceon'ice, latrotech'- 
 nice, Acesto'ria, Scien'tia med'ica seu medendi, 
 Sote'ria docfri'na, 3fed'icine, The healing art. 
 Physic, (F.) 3fedecine. A science, the object of 
 which is the cure of disease and the preservation 
 of health. Occasionally, it is used to comprehend 
 all the branches of the healing art; at others to 
 comprise one great division, in contradistinction 
 to surgery and obstetrics. Medicine, in this sense, 
 includes many branches ; — the chief of which are. 
 Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics, 
 Hygiene, Materia Medica, and Pharmacy. 
 
 Medicina Conservativa, Hygiene— m. Diast- 
 etica. Dietetics — m. Eclectica, see Eclectic — m. 
 Efficax, Surgery — m. Equaria, Hippiatria — m. 
 Euectica, Gymnastus — m. Forensis, Medicine, 
 legal — m. Gymnastiea, Gymnastics — m. Herme- 
 tica, see Spa.gyrists — m. Judiciaria, Medicine, 
 legal — m. Mechaniea, see Mechanical — m. Metho- 
 dica, see Methodists — m. Operativa, Surgery — m. 
 Paraeelsistiea, see Spagyrists — m. Perturbatrix, 
 see Perturbatrix — m. Politica, Police, medical — 
 m. Sinica, Chinese medicine — m. Spagyrica, Chy- 
 miatria; see Spagyrists — m. State, Police oisdi 
 
MBDICINABLE 
 
 546 
 
 MEDULLARY 
 
 cal — m. Tristitia3, Crocus — m. Veterinaria, Vete- 
 rinary art. 
 
 MEDICINABLE, Medicinal. 
 
 MEDICINAL, Ifedioina' lis, Ifedicament'al, 
 Medic" inahle, 3{ed'ical, later'itis, Reme' dial, He- 
 me' diate. Having a remedial power ; — as medi- 
 cinal plants, &c. Relating to medicine, as 
 
 Medicina'les Dies, Medic"inal days. Days 
 on which the ancients considered that remedies 
 juight be administered ; and especially evacuants. 
 Such days were not esteemed critical. 
 
 MEDICINE, Medicament, Medicina. 
 
 Medicine is, also, used in the same sense as 
 Medicament, and for a purging potion. 
 
 To Medicine was formerly used for "to restore 
 or cure by medicine." 
 
 Medicine, Clinical, see Clinical — m. Eclec- 
 tic, see Eclectic — m. Empirical, Arcanum — m. 
 Galenic, Galenism. 
 
 Medicine, Legal, Medical jurispru' dence of 
 some. Law med'icine, Foren'sic medicine, Medi- 
 ci'na foren'sis, M. judicia'ria, Diciatri'a, (F.) 
 Medecine legale. The application of medical 
 knowledge to the solution of every question con- 
 nected with the preservation of the species, and 
 the administration of justice. 
 
 Medicine, Patent, see Patent medicine — m. 
 Political, Police, medical — m. Quack, Arcanum. 
 
 MEDICINIER CATHARTIQUE, Jatropha 
 cnrcas. 
 
 MEDICO-CHIRURG"ICAL,Jferf'tco-C^in«-'- 
 gicua. Relating or appertaining to medicine and 
 surgery; — as ' medico-cMrurgical society.' 
 
 Medico-Chirurgical Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
 
 MEDICO-LEGAL, Med'ico-hga'lis. Relating 
 to legal medicine; as *a medico-lcffal inquiry, 
 I'liauisWio medico-lega'lis — 'a medico-legal iu- 
 E^ction,' Inspec'tio med'ico-lega.' lis. 
 
 MEDICO-STATISTICAL, see Statistics, me- 
 dical. 
 
 MEDICUS, Doctor, Physician — m. Equarius, 
 Hippiater — m. Ocularius, Oculist — m. Unguenta- 
 rius, latraleptes — m. Vulnerarius, see Deligation 
 — m. Veterinarius, Hippiater — m. Vulnerum, 
 Surgeon. 
 
 MEDIM'NUS, Medim'nos, fit^iftvog. An ancient 
 measure, capable of containing about 4 p'ecks and 
 ■6 pints. 
 
 MEDITULLIUM, Diploe. 
 
 MEDIUM MUSCULI, see Muscle. 
 
 ME'DIUS, Middle, Median. 
 
 Middle Finger, (F.) Doigt du Milieu, is be- 
 tween the index and ring finger. 
 
 MEDLAR, Mespilus. 
 
 MEDO, Hydromeli. 
 
 MEDOBLENNORRH(EA, Leucorrhosa. 
 
 MEDOPtRIKEA, Gonorrhoea — m. Feminarum 
 insons, Leucorrhcea — m. Virilis, Gonorrhoea. 
 
 MEDULLA, Marrow — m. Cerebri, see Cere- 
 brum — m. Dorsalis, m. Spinalis — m. Dorsualis, 
 M. Spinalis — m. Nervorum, Neurine. 
 
 MrDUl'lA Oblonga'ta, Ccr'ehral protu'be- 
 nxnce. Nervous system of the senses, (Gall,) Ger'- 
 (ihrum elonga'tam, (F.) MSsocephalc, Moelle al- 
 long^e, MesencSphale, (Ch.) The medullary sub- 
 sUanoe that lies within the cranium upon the 
 hasilary process of the occipital bone. The an- 
 terior surface which rests in the basilary groove, 
 la impressed by the basilary artery. At the 
 upper extremity, and on its posterior surface are 
 the Tuhernula qnadrigemina. At the same ex- 
 tremity, the medulla gives rise to two prolouga- 
 lions, iha pedanclea of the hrnin, separated from 
 each other by the mammillary eminences, and 
 becoming lost in the optic thalami. The lower 
 oxtremity is called the tail or Eachid'ian bulb, 
 liulbu* rachid'icits, an 1 is continuous with the 
 
 medulla spinalis. It is to this part only that 
 some anatomists apply the name Medulla ob- 
 longata. From the posterior angles two other 
 prolongations arise, called Peduncles of the cere- 
 bellum. The medulla oblongata has several emi- 
 nences — the Pons varolii, Corpora pyramidalia, 
 C. olivaria, &c. — and it has a longitudinal fissure 
 before, and another behind, called the anterior 
 and posterior medium fissures. The vesiiular 
 neurine in the centre of the medulla is the ner- 
 vous centre of respiration and deglutition : hence 
 it has been called centrum vitale. 
 
 Medulla Ossium, Marrow — m. Spinse, M. 
 spinalis. 
 
 Medtil'la Spina'lis seu Spina seu dorsiia'lis 
 seu dorsa'lis, Corda spina'lis, Pnnis argenteiis, 
 Rhache'trum, My'eliis, M. rhachi'tes seu notta'us 
 seu diauche'nius sen 2)so'i'tes, My' elon .Notomy' ehis, 
 Rhachi'tes, ^on, Medul'la vertebra'lis, Proces'sus 
 raehidia'nus. Sacra fis'tida. Spinal prolonga'tion, 
 Ver'tebral marrow. Spinal cord. Nervous system 
 of voluntary motion and tactile impression (Gall), 
 Spinal marrow, (F. ) Moelle epiniire, Moelle ver- 
 f6brale, called by Ch. , Prolongement rachidien of 
 the encephalon, is the continuation of the me- 
 dulla oblongata. It commences at the foramen 
 magnum of the occipital bone, and descends in 
 the vertebral canal as low as the 2d lumbar ver- 
 tebra, without filling it ; presenting, in its course, 
 several evident enlargements. It is grooved on 
 both its anterior and posterior surfaces by a fur- 
 row, which divides it, in its whole length, into 
 two great nervous cords, intimately united with 
 each other. It terminates by an oval tubercle, 
 whence a number of nerves set out called Cauda 
 equi'na, (F.) Queue de cheval, from its resem- 
 blance to a horse's tail. The spinal marrow ha5 
 no analogy, as regards its structure, with the 
 marrow of long bones. It is formed of two sub- 
 stances; one white, the other gray, presenting 
 an inverse arrangement to that which they have 
 in the brain, the white being external, the cine- 
 ritious at the centre. It is enveloped by a yel- 
 lowish, fibrous membrane, very resisting, which 
 seems to be continued insensibly from the pia 
 mater, and by two other membranes, which are 
 merely prolongations of the arachnoid and dura 
 mater. See Nerve. 
 
 Medulla Vertebralis, M. spinalis. 
 
 MEDULLA, Sperm. 
 
 MED'ULLARY, Medulla'ris, from medulla, 
 ' marrow.' Relating to the marrow or analogous 
 to marrow. 
 
 Medullary Ar'teries. The arteries, which 
 enter bones and pass to the marrow. 
 
 Medullary Canal, see Canal, medullary — 
 m. Cells, see Medullary Membrane ^ — -m. Juice, 
 Marrow — m. Matter of the brain, see Cerebrum. 
 
 Medullary Membrane, Periosteum Inter' num. 
 Endos'teum. A vascular, areolar web of extreme 
 tenuity, which envelops the marrow and lines the 
 inner surface of the medullary canal of the long 
 bones. This membrane has been considered .%s 
 a species of internal periosteum of those bones. 
 It has numerous vepsels, which bury themselves 
 in the thickness of the marrow; and others which 
 nourish the innermost plates of the bono. The 
 cells formed bj' it are termed Cel'lulcB seu Sac'- 
 cnli mcdulla'res. 
 
 Mbdullary Neurine, see Neurine — m. S:ir- 
 coma, Encephaloid, ILtmatodes fungus. 
 
 Medullary Substance op the Kidney, pco 
 Kidney — m. s. of Schwann, see Nerve-fibro. 
 
 JIedullary Systkw. Bichat gives tliis name 
 to the marrow and its membranes. Ho distir. - 
 guishes two species of medullary systems; the 
 one occupies the cellular tissue at the extremities 
 of the long bones and that of the flat and short 
 
MEDULLITIS 
 
 547 
 
 MELANCHLORUS 
 
 bones ; the other is found merely in the central 
 canal of long bones. 
 
 Medullary Tujiotjr of the LtjngSj Phthisis, 
 cancerous. 
 
 MEDULLITIS, Myelitis. 
 MEGALANTHROPOGBN'ESIS, from iteyas, 
 'great,' av^/jwrof, 'man,' and' y£v£a-ij, 'birth.' A 
 term used by a French physician, named Robert, 
 to designate the art of procreating great men ; 
 men of mind; men of genius. He considered 
 that they may be perpetuated by always taking 
 care to have talented men united to clever 
 women ! 
 
 MEGALOCAR'DIA, from fityaf, 'great,' and 
 KapSia, ' heart.' The state of having a very large 
 heart. 
 
 MEGALOCCELIA, Intestine, great, Megalo- 
 splanchnia. 
 
 MEGALOPHO'NIA, from ^teyac, ^^yaXv, 
 'great,' and (p^vii, 'voice.' The condition of 
 having a full, strong voice. 
 
 MEGALOPHTHAL'MUS ; from ^tya?, ficyaXn, 
 ' great,' and o<p6a\iios, ' eye.' A congenital de- 
 formity, in which the eye is inordinately large. 
 
 MEGALOSPLANCH'NUS, from /<£yaXoj, 
 'great,' and <ji:\ay)(^vov, 'a viscus.' Ifecfalocoe'lia. 
 Hippocrates applies the epithet to those in whom 
 a viscus, or the viscera, are tumid. Some have 
 used the substantive Megalosplandi'nio, for the 
 tumour itself. 
 
 MEGALOSPLENIA, Splenoncus. 
 MEGETHOS, Stature. 
 MEGRIM, Hemicrania. 
 
 MEIBO'MIUS, GLANDS 0¥, Fol'Ucles of 3L, 
 Pal'pehral Fol'licles, Cil'iary F., Glandulm se- 
 ba'ceoB cilm'res seu Meibomia'nce, Intestin'vla 
 Meibo'mii, Lacu'nce palpebra'rum, (P.) Follicules 
 palpebraux. ou ciliaires, Glandes de Meibomius. 
 Small, sebaceous follicles, called after Henry 
 Meibomius, although known long before his de- 
 scription of them. They are situate in special 
 grooves in the tarsal cartilages ; and are ranged 
 by the side of each other, in the form of yellow- 
 ish, parallel, and vertical lines ; sometimes 
 straight, at others, tortuous. They may be seen 
 at the inner surface of the eyelids, through the 
 conjunctiva, and secrete a sebaceous humour, 
 called Lippitu'do, Gum, (F.) Chassie. 
 
 MEIO'SIS, Meo'sis, Ifio'sis, Imminu'tio, Mi- 
 
 / nuthe'sis, iUnitlio'sis, from jiuodi, ' I lessen.' The 
 
 period of a disease, in which the symptoms begin 
 
 to diminish ; — the decline. Remission. Also, 
 
 idiotism. 
 
 MEIUROS, Decurtatus, Myurus. 
 MEL, Meli, Nili'aeum, Honey, (F.) Miel. A 
 substance of a muco-saceharine nature, prepared 
 by the Apia mellifi'ca, or common bee, which 
 collects it from the nectaries of flowers. Honey 
 is employed as aliment, condiment, and medicine. 
 It is demulcent and aperient j and is prescribed 
 as an adjunct to gargles in cynanche tonsillaris, 
 <tc. It is, at times, used as a detergent to foul 
 ulcers. Virgin Honey, Mel vir'ginum seu vir- 
 gin'eum, (F.) Miel vierge, is that which flows 
 from the wax spontaneously. 
 
 Hill's Balsam of Honey is formed oi balsam 
 of tolit. Ibj, honey, Ibj, rectified spirit, one gallon. 
 It was long a celebrated empirical pectoral. 
 
 Honey Water is a mixture of essences co- 
 loured with saffron. A little honey is added to 
 communicate a clamminess ; the effect of which 
 is to make it retain the scent the longer. It is 
 used as a scent. 
 
 Mel Acetatum, Oxymel — m. ^gyptiacum, 
 iEgyptiacum — m. Aerium, Fraxinus ornus — m. 
 Arundinaceum, Saccharum. 
 
 Mel Bora'cis, Mel subbora'cia, Colluto'rium 
 
 adstrin'gens, Linimen'tum de Bora'te, L. ad aph- 
 thas, Mel Boraxa'tum, Linctus de Bord'ce, L. ad 
 aphthas. Honey of Borax. (^Boraois contrit. 3J« 
 tnellis despumati ^j, Bh. L.) Detergent. Ap- 
 plied to the mouth in aphthous affections. 
 
 Mel CanNjE, Saccharum (non purificatum) — 
 m. Coctum, Pelicide. 
 
 Mel Despuma'tum, Clar'ified Honey, Ana- 
 phrom'eli, (F.) Miel Clarifie. Melt the honey 
 in a water-bath, and remove the scum. Uses tho 
 same as honey. 
 
 Mel PrjEPARA'tum, Prepared Honey. (Mel. 
 despnmat. Oss. Alcohol, dilut. Oj. CretcB prcBparat. 
 ^ss. To the honey and dUuted alcohol, mixed, 
 add the prepared chalk, and let the mixture 
 stand for two hours, occasionally stirring. Then 
 heat to ebullition, filter, and by means of a water- 
 bath, evaporate the clear liquor to the specific 
 gravity 1.32. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Mel Ros^, Mel rosa'tum, 3felli'tum de liosie, 
 Ehodom'eli, Rhodostac' ton. Honey of Roses, (F. ) 
 Miel rosat, Mellite de Moses. (BoscB gallic, ^ij, 
 aqu/B bxdlient. f^xij, mellis despum. f^^xx. Ma- 
 cerate the roses in f §viij of boiling water for lour 
 hours ; press out as much fluid as possible and 
 set aside. Macerate the residue in f^iv of boil- 
 ing water for half an hour, and again express. 
 Reserve f§iv of the first infusion; mix the re- 
 mainder with the infusion last obtained ; add the 
 honey, and evaporate to a pint. Lastly, add the 
 reserved infusion, and strain. Ph. U. S.) As- 
 tringent and detergent. Used chiefly in gargles 
 and washes for aphthaj, &e. 
 
 Mel Scill^, Oxymel scillse — m. Scillsa com- 
 positum, Syrupus scillee compositus. 
 
 Mel Vinosum, QSnomel — m. Virginum, see 
 Meh 
 
 MEL^'NA, Melanorrhag"ia, Melasnorrhag" ia , 
 Ic'terus niger, Melanchlo'rus, Melanic'terus, Melns 
 Ic'teriis, Morbus niger Hippoc'ratis, Entero7'rh(r'a. 
 Black Jaundice, Morbus niger, (F.) 3Ld<tdii- 
 noire, Meline, Ictere noire; from //tXaj, 'black.' 
 A name given to vomiting of black matter, ordi- 
 narily succeeded by evacuations of the same 
 character. It seems to be often a variety of ha?- 
 matemesis. The Black Vomit in yellow fever is 
 owing to a morbid secretion from the lining mem- 
 brane of the stomach and small intestine. Me- 
 tena also signifies hemorrhage from the intes- 
 tines ; Fluxus sple'nicus, Bysenter'ia sple'nica, 
 Bejectio'nes nigrcp,, Secea'sus niger, Hem'orrhage 
 from the Intcs' tines. 
 
 MeljENA Fungosa Caecinodes, Hsematodes 
 fungus. 
 
 MELiENORRHAGIA, Melasna. 
 
 MELALEU'CA CAJAPUTI, J/. 3Iinor seu 
 Leucoden' dron, Myrtus Leucaden' dron, Lep(f- 
 spermum. Leucaden' drum. This plant affords the 
 Cajeput Oil, (see Cajeput.) The leaves are o;;- 
 teemed diuretic, stomachic, and emmenagogue. 
 
 Melaleuca Leucodendron, M. Cajaputi — 
 m. Minor, M. Cajaputi. 
 
 MELAMPHO'NUS ; from //tXay, 'obscure,' 
 and (j>wvn, ' voice.' Having a hoarse or indisrinct 
 voice. 
 
 MELAMPHYLLUM, Acanthus mollis. 
 
 MELAMPODE, Helleborus niger. 
 
 MELAMPODIUM, Helleborus niger. 
 
 MELANOMA, Suffocation. 
 
 MELAN^MIA, Venosity. 
 
 MEL'ANAGOGUE, Melanago'giis, from fis.\m, 
 'black,' and ayia, 'I expel.' A medicine whie:i 
 the ancients Relieved adapted for expelling black 
 bile or melancholy. 
 
 MELANCHLO'RUS, from /itAa?, 'black,' and 
 Xyutgos, 'green.' The ancients gave this nam* 
 
MELANCnOLE 
 
 54S 
 
 MELIANTHUS 
 
 to certain dark-coloured topical remedies. See 
 
 MELANCHOLE, Atrabilis. 
 MELANCHOLIA, Melancholy — m. Autochi- 
 rica. Suicide — m. Errabunda, Cuttubuth — m. 
 Elatuosa, Hypochondriasis — m. Hypochondriaca, 
 Hypochondriasis — m. Nervea, Hypochondriasis 
 — m. Pleonectica, see Pleonectica — m. Saltans, 
 Chorea — m. Suicidium, Suicide — m. Uterina, 
 In vmphomania — m. Zoanthropia, Melancholy. 
 
 MEL'ANCHOLIC, Ilelanchol'icvs, Ilelan'cho- 
 Ins, ilelancholo'des, from fis'Xag, 'black,' and %oA7, 
 ' bile.' One labouring under melancholy. That 
 Tyhich belongs or relates to melancholy. In 
 popular language, one of a gloomy disposition. 
 MELANCHOLINESS, Melancholy. 
 MELANCHOLODES, Melancholic. 
 MELANCHOLUS, Melancholy. 
 MEL'ANCHOLY, ilelancho'lia, same etymon. 
 Lypenia'nia, Eephro'nia Melanclw'lia, 3Iania 
 MelanclioV ica, Mania Melancho'lia, Tristema'nia, 
 Baryth'mia,ffypolepsioma'nia,Anoe'siaad8tric'ta, 
 Fixa'tio mononoe'a, 3Ielani;holiness ; (P.) Melan- 
 cholie, Lyperophrenie. A disease supposed, by 
 the ancients, to be caused by black bile. A va- 
 riety of mental alienation, characterized by ex- 
 cessive gloom, mistrust, and depression, gene- 
 rally, with insanity on one particular subject or 
 train of ideas, Ilonoma'iu'a, Monomo'ria. Pano- 
 phohia, Denionomania, Erotomania, Nostahjia, 
 &c., may be referred to this head. 
 
 Melancholy is also used for unusual gloominess 
 of disposition. 
 
 Melaxcholt, Erotic, Erotomania — m. Love, 
 Erotomania. 
 
 MELAN'CHRUS, Melon' ochrus, from //tXa?, 
 * black,' and ;\;pw?, ' a colour.' One attacked with 
 black jaundice. It is probably an abbreviation 
 of Melanchlorus. 
 
 MELANCOLIE, Melancholy. 
 MELANGE PECTORAL, Mistura aeidi hy- 
 drocyanici. 
 
 MELAN'IC, Ifelan'icus, Melanotic, 3Ielanot'- 
 icvs ; from //sXac, 'black.' Of or belonging to 
 Melanosis; — as Melanic deposit, a black colouring 
 matter deposited from the blood under special 
 circumstances; — see Melanosis. 
 MELANIC DEPOSIT, Melanosis, 
 MELAISriCTBE,US, Melrena. 
 MELANOCHRUS, Melanchrua. 
 MELANOMA, Melanosis. 
 Melanoma Pulmonum, see Melanosis. 
 MELANOMYCES, Melanospongus. 
 MELANOPATHI'A, from /(tAas, 'black,' and 
 iraOos, ' affection.' Ni' gritism, Nigrit"ie8. A dis- 
 ease of the skin, which consists in augmentation 
 of black pigment ; generally in patches. 
 MELANOPHYMA, Ergot. 
 MELANOPIPER, Piper nigrum. 
 MELANOPNEUMON, see Melanosis. 
 MELANORRHAGIA, Melsena. 
 MELANORRHIZUM, Helleborus niger. 
 MELANOSE, Melanosis. 
 
 MELANO'SIS, Melan'sis, Melano'ma, Nigritu'- 
 do, Careino'ma melanot'icvm, Cancer melcB'neus, 
 J^ungus melano'des, (F.) Degencrescence noire, 
 Melanose, Cancer melane, Black cancer, Black tn- 
 b-rch, from //cAas, ' black.' An organic affection, 
 in which the tissue of the parts is converted, 
 riwing to a melan'ic depos'it, into a black, hard, 
 Jiomogeneous substance, near which ulcers or 
 '-•avities form ; — owing to the softening, either of 
 the substance iiself, or of some other morbid 
 tissue, — of tubercles especially. This morbific 
 change affects the lungs particularly; when it is 
 called Melano'sia seu Melano'ma seu Anthraco'sia 
 
 Pulmo'num, JTelanopneu'mon, Nigritu'do sen Car 
 eino'ma melanot'icum seu Melan'sia Pulmonvm, 
 Pneumonomelano' sis, (F.) Melanoae Pulmcmaire. 
 It is, also, met with in the liver and areolar tex- 
 ture. Its causes are very obscure. Melanosis 
 of the lungs constitutes one of the species of 
 phthisis of Bayle ; but it is impossible to distin- 
 guish it from the other species during life. 
 
 In the classification of Fuchs, Melanosen 
 (G.) forms a family of diseases. 
 
 Melanosis Pulmonum, see Melanosis — m. 
 Universalis, Venosity. 
 MELANOSMEGMA, see Sapo. 
 MELANOSPON'GUS, Melanomyces ; from 
 /jtAas, 'black,' and c-oyyos, 'sponge.' The tu- 
 beriform variety of melanosis of the lungs. 
 
 MELANOTIC, Melanic — m. Cancer, Cancer, 
 melanotic. _. 
 
 MEL'ANOTHRIX, Atrieapill'ua, from f<£Aas, 
 'black,' and ^pi^, 'hair.' Having black hair. 
 
 MELANSIS, Melanosis — m. Pulmonum, Me- 
 lanosis pulmonum. 
 
 MELANTHIUM, Nigella, M. Virginicum. 
 Melan'thium Virgin'icuji, Melanthinm., Qtio- 
 fadil; indigenous; Order, Melanthaceae, flower- 
 ing in July, is said to be a sure but severe remedy 
 for itch. 
 
 MELAS, Lepra nigricans — m. Icterus, Me- 
 laena. 
 
 MELAS'MA, EccJiymo'ma Melas'ma, Nigror, 
 from niXaq, ' black.' A black spot or ecchymosis, 
 occurring on the lower extremities of old people 
 especially. Also a cutaneous affection analogous 
 to chloasma, differing from it only in the dark 
 colour of the morbid pigment. It is also called 
 Pityriasis nigra, 
 
 MELAS'SES, Molas'ses, Melus'tnm, Theriaca 
 eomrmt'nis, Syru'pits empyreiimat'ictis seu niger, 
 Treacle. The syrup, which remains after the 
 juice of the sugar-cane has been subjected to all 
 the operations for extracting sugar from it. In 
 the United States, the syrup, made in the process 
 of forming common sugar, is called melasses ; 
 that remaining after the refinement of sugar 
 being termed sitgar-honae melasses or treacle. 
 Melasses Spirit, Rum. 
 
 MELATROPH'IA, from ^^tXof, 'a limb,' and 
 aTpo(l>ia, 'wasting.' Wasting of the limbs. 
 
 MELCA, ne'XKa. Food made of acidulated 
 milk. 
 
 MELE, Specillum. 
 MELEA, Pyrus mains. 
 MELEGUETTA, Amomum grana paradisi. 
 MELEI'OS, itv>.i:ios, Meli'nus, 3Ielias. A spe- 
 cies of alum found in the island of Melos. 
 MELEZE, Pinus larix. 
 MELI, Mel. 
 
 MELIA, Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 Me'lia Azed'arach, Azedara'elia amos'na, 
 Poison Berry Tree, Azed'arach, Pride of India, 
 Pride of China, Pride tree. Hop tree, Bead tree, 
 iNat. Ord. Meliacepe ; Sex. Syst. Decandria Mo- 
 nogynia. The bark of the root — called in India 
 Neem Bark, Azedarach, (Ph. U. S.), is usually 
 given in decoction, in the proportion of three or 
 four ounces of the bark of the fresh root to a 
 quart of water, boiled down to a pint. The dose 
 is one or two table-spoonfuls, every two or three 
 hours, till purging is induced. It is given in this 
 manner as an anthelmintic. It is sometimes 
 formed into an ointment, and used in tinta 
 capitis. The tree is a native of Syria, Persia, 
 and the north of India, and is abundant in th«> 
 southern states of the Union. 
 Melta Terra, Cret.i. 
 
 MELIAN'THUS MAJOR. Nat. Ord. Zygo- 
 phylleae. A south African plant, a decoction of 
 
MELICERA 
 
 549 
 
 MELOCHITIS 
 
 whose leaves is a good external remedy in tinea 
 capitis, crusta serpiginosa, necrosis and foul 
 alcers. It is also useful as a gargle and lotion 
 in sore throat and diseases of the gums. The 
 bruised leaves applied to ulcers promote granu- 
 lation. 
 
 MELICERA, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELICERIA, Hj'drarthrus, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELICE'RIS, Melifa'viwn, from y.t\i, 'honey,' 
 and Kripog, ' wax.' Emphy'ma encys'tis melice'ris. 
 An encysted tumour filled with a substance re- 
 sembling honey. Also, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELICEROUS, llelicer'itous : same etymon. 
 Having the characters of meliceris, — as a meiice- 
 roits tumour. 
 
 MELICERUM, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELICHEIUM, from //eXi, 'honey,* and ^^oi, 
 'I pour out.' A honey-like discharge from an 
 ulcer. 
 
 MBLICRATUM, Hydromeli. 
 
 MELIF AVIUM, Melieeris, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELIGEI'ON, from ixcXi, 'honey.' A fetid 
 humour of the consistence of honey, discharged 
 from ulcers, accompanied with caries of a bone. 
 
 MELILOT, Trifolium melilotus. 
 
 MELILOTUS, Trifolium melilotus. 
 
 MELIME'LUM, from niki, ' honey,' and firiXov, 
 ' an apple.' A name given to two compounds : — 
 one of honey and quince, the other of honey and 
 apples. 
 
 MELINE, Melsena. 
 
 MELINI SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas. 
 
 MELI'NUM, iit]\tvov. The ancient name of an 
 ointment, and of several plasters, described by 
 Dioscorides and Galen : so called from their re- 
 sembling the firiXov, or quince, in colour. 
 
 Melintjm SuLPHURicuM, Cadmii sulphas. 
 
 MBLINUS, Meleios. 
 
 MELIPHYLLUM, Melissa. 
 
 MBLIS'SA, from jxeXLaaa, 'a bee,' because bees 
 gather honey from it. Melissa officina'lia seu 
 Moma'na seu hirsu'ta seu cit'rina seu citra'ta seu 
 horten'sis, Citra'go, Qitra'ria, Melitei'a, Melissoh'- 
 otos, MelitcB'na, Melissobot'anum, Melissophyl'lum, 
 Meliphyl'lum, Mentha citra'ta, Melit'tis, Cedro- 
 nel'la, Apias'trum, Melissa cit'rina, Ero'tion, 
 Balm, (P.) Melisse, La Citronelle ; Nat. Ord. 
 Labiate. The leaves of balm, Melissa (Ph. U. S.), 
 have a pleasant odour ; and an austere and aro- 
 matic taste. Balm was formerly much used in 
 nervous diseases, but is now only employed when 
 made into a tea, as a diluent, in febrile affections. 
 It is the basis of a celebrated preparation, — the 
 EoM dea Carmes. 
 
 Melissa Calamin'tha, Calamin'tlm, C. vulga'- 
 ris seu officina'rum seu grandiflo'ra, Thynnis ca- 
 lamin'tha, Cal'amint, (F.) Calament. This plant 
 smells like wild mint, though more agreeably. 
 It is used, popularly, as a tea in dyspepsia ; fla- 
 tulent colic; hysteria; uterine obstructions, &c. 
 
 Melissa Canariensis, Dracocephalum Cana- 
 riense — m. Citrata, Melissa — m. Citrina, Melissa. 
 
 Melissa Grandiflo'ra, Thynms grandijlo'rus, 
 Calamin'tha magno flore, C. monta'na, Mountain 
 Cal'amint. This plant resembles the last in 
 virtues. 
 
 Melissa Hirsuta, Melissa — m. Hortensis, 
 Melissa — m. Humilis, Melittis melissophyllum. 
 
 Melissa Nep'eta, Thymus nep'eta seu multiflo- 
 rus, Calamin'tha An'glica seu Pide'gii odo're seu 
 nep'eta seu parviflo'ra seu trichot'onia, Nep'eta 
 agrea'tia. Field Cal'amint, Spotted Cal'amint. 
 Formerly used as an aromatic. 
 
 Melissa PuLEGioiDES, Hedeoma — m. Romana, 
 Melissa — m. Tragi, Melittis melissophyllum — m. 
 Turcica, Dracocephalum Canariense. 
 
 MELISSE DES BOIS, Melittis melisse phyl- 
 lum — m. de Moldavie, DracocephaTnm Canari- 
 
 MELISSOBOTANUM, Melissa. 
 
 MELISSOBOTOS, Melissa. 
 
 MELISSOPHYLLUM, Melissa, Melittis melis- 
 sophyllum. 
 
 MELISSOT, Melittis melissophyllum. 
 
 MELIT^'MIA, from /jeXi, ' honey,' and 'aijia, 
 'blood.' A condition of the circulating fluid, in 
 which it contains an unusual quantity of saccha- 
 rine matter. 
 
 MELIT^NA, Melissa. 
 
 MELITAGRE, Impetigo. 
 
 MELITEIA, Melissa. 
 
 MELITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
 
 MELI'TIS, Inflamma'tio gena'rum; from ^t^Xov, 
 ' the cheek,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the cheek. 
 
 MELITITES, Hydromeli. 
 
 MELITTA, Bee. 
 
 MELITTIS, Melissa. 
 
 Melit'tis MELissOPHYL'LtrM:, La'miummonta'-^ 
 num, Melissa hu'milis seu sylvea'tria, Melissa 
 Tragi, La'mium Plin'ii, Melissophyl'lum, Bastard 
 Balm, (F.) Melisse dea Bois, 3Ielissot. This plant 
 was formerly employed, like the balm, in uterine 
 obstructions. 
 
 Melittis Sylvestris, M. Melissophyllum. 
 
 MELITURIA, Urine, diabetic, see Diabetes. 
 
 MELI'TUS, Melli'tus, from mel, ' honey.' Ap- 
 pertaining to honey. Of the nature of honey. 
 
 MELIZO'MUM, from //tXi, 'honey,' and ^wjuo?, 
 'broth;' Mead, Melli'na, Metheg'lin. A drink 
 prepared with honey. 
 
 MELLA'GO, from mel, 'honey.' Any medi- 
 cine having the consistence of honey. A fluid 
 
 MELLICRATUM, Hydromeli. 
 
 MELLIFAVIUM, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELLINA, Melizomum. 
 
 MELLITE DE EOSES, Mel rosse. 
 
 MELLI'TUM, from mel, 'honey.' A prepared 
 honey : — a medicated honey. 
 
 Mellituji de Acetate Cupri, Linimentum 
 ^ruginis. 
 
 Mellitum de Mercuria'li Compos'itum, (F.) 
 Miel de mercuriale compose, Syrop> de longue vie 
 {Slice, purif. mercurialis Ibij, boraginis, anchusch 
 officinalis, aa Ibss, iris pseudacori radicia recent. 
 §ij, rad. sice, gentiance §j, mellia Ibiij, vini albi 
 ^xiij. Macerate the bruised roots in the wine 
 for 24 hours ; strain ; mix the juices and honey ; 
 boil slightly, and filter : then add the two liquors, 
 and boil to the consistence of syrup. Ph. P.) 
 Cathartic, stomachic, &e. 
 
 Mellitum de Rosis, Mel rosse. 
 
 Mellitum Simplex, Syru'pus de Melle, Syrup 
 of Honey. (Mellia tbvj, aqucB Ibiss, carbonat. 
 calcis. prceparat. ^iij. Mix the honey, water, 
 and carbonate of lime in a silver vessel : boil the 
 mixture, stirring, at the same time, for 2 or 3 
 minutes : then add prepared animal charcoal ,5^'jj 
 two whitea of eggs, mixed in a pint of water. Mix 
 all, and boil to the consistence of syrup : remove 
 from the fire ; let the syrup rest for 15 minutes, 
 and pass through a clot'h. Ph. P.) Demulcent. 
 
 MELLITUS, Melitus. 
 
 MELO^'MIA, from //cXaj, 'black,' and ' aiftn, 
 'blood.' A state of blood, characterized by its 
 incoagulability, black colour, and septic pro- 
 perties. 
 
 MELOCHI'TIS, Lapis Arme'nius, Armeni'ten, 
 Arme'nian Stone. A variety of blue carbonato 
 of copper. It is found in Germany, the Tyrol, 
 and especially in Armenia. It was formerly em 
 
MELOE 
 
 560 
 
 MEMBRANE 
 
 ptt/ed as a cardiac, and as proper for purging 
 Htfoy melancholy. 
 
 MEL'OE NIGER, M. Pennsylvan'icus. A blis- 
 tering fly, native of the United States. It feeds 
 upon Prunel'la vulga'ria or Self-heal, and Am- 
 hro'sia trif'ida or Stich-ioeed. These flies re- 
 semble the Spanish flies in properties. 
 
 Meloe Pennsyltanicus, M. niger. 
 
 Meloe ProscahabjE'us, Cantarel'lus, was 
 anciently used as a diuretic and anti-hyhropho- 
 bic. 
 
 Meloe Vesicatorius, Cantharis. 
 
 MELON, ixriXov, 'an apple.' A disorder of the 
 eye, in which it protrudes out of the socket. See 
 Exophthalmia. — Castelli. 
 
 Melon, Cucumis melo — m. d'Eau, Cucurbita 
 citrullus — m. Plant, Cucumis melo — m. Water, 
 Cucurbita citrullus. 
 
 MELONGENA, Solanum melongena. 
 
 MELOPLACUNTIUM, Meloplacus. 
 
 MELOPLA'CUS, Meloiilacun'tium, from firiXov, 
 ' an apple,' ' a quince.' A compound obtained by 
 boiling loine, honey, quince, pepper, <fcc., together. 
 — Galen. 
 
 MELOPLAS'TIC, Jfe^opZas'JicMS/ from nr)\ov, 
 ' the cheek,' and -nXaaaia, ' I form.' The opera- 
 tion for forming a new cheek when any part of it 
 has been lost. 
 
 MELOS, ne\os, Memhrum. A member. An 
 organized part, composed of other parts. — Cas- 
 telli. 
 
 MELO'SIS, Catheteris'mus, Cenemhate'sis, from 
 [iTiXvy 'a probe.' The act of probing a wound, 
 ulcer, &c. — Hippocrates. Catheterism. 
 
 MELOTHRUM, Bryonia alba. 
 
 MELO'TIS, Melo'tris, SpecU'lum minus. A 
 small probe, — a probe for the ear. See Apyro- 
 mele. 
 
 MELOTRIS, Melotis. 
 
 MELTING, Fusion. 
 
 MELUM, nri\ov. Malum. An apple. Fruit in 
 general. Also, a round, firm female breast. 
 The cheek. The apple-eye or melon-eye; an 
 apple-formed projection of the eye from the 
 orbit. 
 
 Meltim Armeniacum, Prunus armeniaca — m. 
 Cydonium, see Pyrus eydonia. 
 
 MELUSTUM, Melasses. 
 
 MEMBRA PUDENDA, Genital organs. 
 
 MEMBRANA, Membrane — m. Abdominis, Pe- 
 ritonaeum — m. Adiposa, Cellular membrane — m. 
 Adventitia, Decidua reflexa — m. Agnina, Amnios 
 — m. Amphiblestrodes, Retina — m. Arachnoidea, 
 Hyaloid membrane — m. Capsularis testis, Albu- 
 ginea — m. Carnosa, Dartos — m. Cellulosa, Cel- 
 lular membrane — m. Cellulosa, Decidua — m. Ce- 
 rebri tenuis, Pia mater — m. Cerebri mollis, Pia 
 mater — m. Cerebri propria, Pia mater — m. Cir- 
 cumossalis, Periosteum — m. Communis, Decidua 
 — m. Circumplexa, Pericardium — m. Cordis, Pe- 
 ricardium — m. Costalis, Pleura — m. Costas suc- 
 cingens. Pleura — m. Crassa, Decidua reflexa — 
 m. Cribrosa, Decidua — m. Cuticularis, Dura ma- 
 ter — m. Decidua serotina, see Decidua — m. De- 
 jnuriana, see Aqueous humour, and Cornea — m. 
 Dentata, Denticulatum ligamentum — m. Derma- 
 lodes, Dura mater — m. Descemetii, see Aqueous 
 humour, and Cornea — m. Diaphratton, Mediasti- 
 num— m. Dura cerebrum ambiens. Dura mater — 
 m. Epicrania, Galea aponeurotica capitis — m. 
 Externa dentium, Tapetum alveoli — m. Farcimi- 
 nalis, Allantois — m. Fenestroe rotunda;, see Fe- 
 nostra — m. Filamentosa, Decidua reflexa — m. 
 Plocculenta, Decidua — m. Foetum involvens. 
 Amnios. 
 
 MgmjRRA'na Granui.o'sa, Gran' ular membrane, 
 
 {¥.) 3Iemhrane granuleuse, Couclie celluleuse 
 (Coste). A layer of yellow, granular matter, 
 which lines the inner layer of the Graafian follicle. 
 Membrana Ixterspinalis, Interspinal liga- 
 ment — m. Intestinalis, Allantois — m. Linguae, 
 see Tongue — m. Macilentior, Epiploon, gastro- 
 hepatic — m. Mucosa, Decidua, see Membrane — 
 m. Nervorvim, Neurilema — m. Nictitans, Valvula 
 semilunaris — m. Olfactoria, Pituitary membrane 
 
 — m. Ossis, Periosteum — m. Ovi matema, De- 
 cidua — m. Ovuli corticalis, Oiocalymma — m. 
 Pellucida, Amnios — m. Pinguedinosa, see Cellular 
 membrane — m. Pinguis intestinorum, Mesentery 
 
 — m. Pituitaria, Pituitary membrane, see Mem- 
 brane — m. Pituitosa, see Membrane — m. Plen- 
 retica. Pleura — m. Prseexistens, Decidua — m. 
 Propria, Basement membrane, and Folliculi Graa- 
 fiani, see Cortex ovi — m. PupUlaris, Pupillary 
 membrane. 
 
 Membra'na Putam'inis, {putamen, 'a shell or 
 husk.') The membrane adherent to the inner 
 surface of the eggshell. 
 
 Membrana Retiformis CnoRn, Decidua re- 
 flexa — m. Ruyschiana, Choroid (inner layer.) 
 
 Membrana Sacciform'is. A separate synovial 
 membrane for the inferior radio-cubital articula- 
 tion, which covers the upper surface of the trian- 
 gular ligament, and the sort of incomplete ring 
 which circumscribes the head of the ulna. 
 
 Membrana Semipelltjcida, Caligo — m. Sinu- 
 osa, Decidua — m. Subcostalis, Pleura — m. Sue- 
 cingens. Diaphragm, Pleura. 
 
 Membrana Test^, Shell membrane. The mem- 
 brane that lines the shell of the bird's egg: — 
 a simple membrane. 
 
 Membrana Thoracem Inteesepiens, Media- 
 stinum — m. Tympani, see Tympanum — m. Tj'm- 
 pani secundaria, see Fenestra — m. Urinaria, Al- 
 lantois — m. Uteri interna evoluta, Decidua — m. 
 Uvea, Uvea — m. Vasculosa cerebri, Pia mater — 
 m. Verricularis, Retina. 
 
 Mbmbra'na Veesic'olor. a peculiar mem- 
 brane — according to Mr. Fielding, of Hull — 
 situate immediately behind the retina, and in 
 connexion with it. It is separable into distinct 
 layers from the choroid, and is supplied with 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Membrana "Wachendorfiana, Pupillary mem 
 
 MEMBRANACEOUS, Membranous. 
 
 MEMBRANE, Ifembra'na, Hymen, Ifenint.. 
 Epen'dyma. A name, given to different thin or- 
 gans, representing a species of supple, more or less 
 elastic, webs ; varying in their structure and vital 
 properties, and intended, in general, to absorb or 
 secrete certain fluids ; and to separate, envelop, 
 and form other organs. Bichat has divided the 
 membranes into simple and compound. 
 
 Simple membranes comprise three orders. 1. A 
 Mucous membrane, Membrana mucosa seu ^)j'<hj- 
 to'sa sen pituita'ria, Phleg'mymen, Phlefjmat'hy- 
 men. Membrane follieuleuse (Ch.), is so called, on 
 account of the mucous fluid by which they are 
 constantly lubricated. They line the canals, ca- 
 vities, and hollow organs, which communicate 
 externally by difi"erent apertures on the skin. 
 Bichat refers the mucous membranes to two great 
 divisions — the gastro-]}ulmonary, and the (/enito~ 
 urinary. The mucous membranes have a striking 
 analogy with the cutaneous tissue, in organiza- 
 tion, functions, and diseases. They are composed 
 of chorion, papillte, and epidermis; and are fur- 
 nished with a multitude of follicles, which secrete 
 a viscid humour — mucus. They receive a quan- 
 tity of arterial vessels, veins, lymphatics, and 
 nerves. 2. The Serous membranes, JM. villeusea 
 simpiles (Ch.), are transparent, thin, and composed 
 of one lamina. One surface adheres to other tex- 
 
MEMBRANE 
 
 551 
 
 MENECRATIS 
 
 tures; the other is smooth, polished, and mois- 
 tened by a serous fluid. They are arranged — in 
 the form of sacs without apertures — as great, in- 
 termediate reservoirs for the exhalant and ab- 
 sorbent systems, in which the serous fluid in 
 passing from one system tarries some time before 
 it enters the other. The serous membranes re- 
 semble the areolar membrane in structure and 
 diseases. They facilitate the motion on each 
 other of the organs which they envelop. They 
 may be divided into (a) Serous membranes, pro- 
 perly so called ; as the arachnoid, pleura, perito- 
 neum, and tunica vaginalis. (6) Synovial mem- 
 branes or capsules; which belong to joints, ten- 
 dons, aponeuroses, &c. These membranes — mu- 
 cous and serous — are constituted of similar layers 
 — epithelium, basement membrane, condensed 
 areolar tissue ; and a looser form of areolar tis- 
 sue, termed submucous in one case, — subserous in 
 the other. 3. Fibrous membranes, diembranes albu- 
 gineuees (Ch.) These are almost all continuous, 
 and terminate at the periosteum — their common 
 centre. They have been divided into two sec- 
 tions. 1. Enveloping aponeuroses. Aponeuroses of 
 insertion, Fibrous capsxdes of the joints, and J^?'- 
 brous sheaths of tendons. 2. The Periosteum, Dura 
 mater, Sclerotica, Tunica cdbuginea testis. Fibrous 
 membrane of the spleen, &o. The fibrous mem- 
 branes are not free or moistened by any particu- 
 lar fluid. They adhere by both surfaces to the 
 neighbouring parts ; are firm, resisting, but 
 slightly elastic, and of a white colour; sometimes 
 pearly and glistening. Their vessels are nume- 
 rous, in some, as in the dura mater and peri- 
 osteum ; in others, scarcely perceptible, as in the 
 aponeuroses. The presence of nerves has never 
 been proved, although several circumstances, re- 
 garding their sensibility, render their existence 
 probable. The fibrous membranes serve, in ge- 
 neral, to augment the solidity of the organs which 
 they envelop ; to retain the muscles in their re- 
 spective positions ; to favour the motion of the 
 limbs, and that of the muscles and skin ; to form 
 canals and rings for the passage of different 
 organs, &c. 
 
 Bichat admits three species of Compound Mem- 
 branes. 1. The Sero-fibrous, formed of a serous 
 and fibrous lamina, intimately adherent to each 
 other; — as the pericardium, dura mater, and tu- 
 nica albuginea. 2. The Sero-mucous, formed of 
 a serous and mucous lamina ; — as the gall-bladder 
 at its lower part. 3. The Fibro-mucous, consti- 
 tuted of the union of a fibrous and mucous mem- 
 brane ; as the mucous membrane of the nasal fosses, 
 gums, Ac. Chaussier admits sis kinds of mem- 
 branes. 1. The laminated. See Cellular Tissue. 
 2. The serous or simple villous. 3. The follicidar 
 or complicated villous. 4. The muscxdar <yc fleshy. 
 5. The albugineous. 6. The albuminous. 
 
 Membrane, Accidental, M. false — m. Acci- 
 dentelle, M. false — m. Adnee, Conjunctiva — m. 
 Adventitious, M. false — m. Anhistous, Decidua. 
 Membrane, Basement, Pri'mary membrane, 
 Membra'na pro'pria. A delicate, sti'uctureless 
 lamella of membrane found beneath the epidermis 
 or epithelium, on all the free surfaces of the body. 
 MEMBRANE CADUQVE, Decidua— m. Ca- 
 duque rSflechie, Decidua reflexa — m. de Demours, 
 see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea — m. de Des- 
 cemet, see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea. 
 
 Membrane, False, Acciden'tal membrane, Ad- 
 ventit"ious membrane. Pseudo-membrane, Pseud'y- 
 men, Pseudome' ninx, (Y.) Fausse membrane, 3f. ae- 
 cidentelle. Membranous productions, which form 
 on all the free natural surfaces, and on every 
 free accidental surface are so called. They 
 are, in general, produced by the exudation of a 
 fibrinous matter, susceptible of organization, 
 
 which takes place in consequence of inflammation 
 of the various tissues. These accidental mem- 
 branes occur on the skin after the application of 
 a blister; on mucous surfaces, as in croup; on 
 the parietes of inflamed veins and arteries, &a. 
 The cicatrices of wounds are formed of them. 
 
 MEMBRANE FAUSSE, Membrane false — 
 m. Germinal, see Molecule — m. Granular, Mem- 
 brana granulosa — m. Granuleuse, Membrana 
 granulosa — m. Primary, Membrane, basement 
 — m. Pseudo, M. false — m. Hyaloid, see Hya- 
 loid membrane — m. Ruysehienne, Choroid (in- 
 ner layer), Ruyschiana tunica — ni. Shell, Mem- 
 brana testae — m. du Tympan, see Tympanum — 
 m. Virginal, Hymen — m. Vitellary, Zona pellu- 
 cida— m. Vitelline, Zona pellucida. 
 
 ME3IBRANES ALBUOINEUSES, Mem- 
 branes, fibrovis, see Albuginea — m. FolUculeuscs, 
 Membranes, mucous — m. Veloutees, Villous mem- 
 branes — m. Villeuses simples, Membranes, serous. 
 
 Membranes of the Fgetus, Membra'na: fa:tvm 
 involven'tes, Velamen'ta infan'tls. The membranes 
 which immediately envelop the fretus in the ca- 
 vity of the uterus, and the rupture of which gives 
 rise to the discharge of the liquor amnii. These 
 membranes are the decidua, chorion, and amnion. 
 
 3IE3[BRANEUX, Membranous. 
 
 MEMBRAN'IFORM, 3Iembraniform'is, from 
 memhrana, and forma / — resembling a membrane. 
 A name given to thin and flat parts, which re- 
 semble membranes. 
 
 Membraniform Muscles. Very broad and 
 thin muscles, as the platysma myoides, obliquus 
 abdominis, &c. 
 
 MEMBRANOSUS, Fascia lata muscle. 
 
 MEM'BRANOUS, Membrano'sus, Membrana'- 
 ceus, Hymeno' des, (F.) Membraneux. Having the 
 nature of membrane. Formed of membrane. 
 
 MEMBRANULA, Hymenium— m. Corona3 ci- 
 liaris, see Ciliary — m. Lunata vagina^. Hymen— 
 m. Nervorum, Neurilema — m. Semilunaris con- 
 junctiva, Valvula semilunaris. 
 
 MEM'BRANULE, Membran'ula, diminutive of 
 me%ibrana, 'a, membrane.' A small membrane. 
 
 MEMBRE, Membrum — m. Viril, Penis. 
 
 MEMBRO'SUS, Ilembro'sior, Mentida'tus, Mu- 
 tonia'tus, Nasa'tus, valde Mentula'tus, Fascino'- 
 sus, Psolon, from membrum, 'the male organ.' 
 One whose penis is very large. 
 
 MEMBRUM, Artus, Melos, Colon, a limb, a 
 member, (F.) 3Iembre. The limbs or extremities 
 or members of animals are certain parts exterior 
 to the body, which are more or less apparent, 
 long, and moveable. It is by means of their 
 limbs, that animals transport themselves from 
 one place to another; and that they defend them- 
 selves, or attack others. The limbs are arranged 
 on each side of the trunk, with which they are 
 articulated. In man, they are four in number : 
 — two upper or thoracic, and two lower, pelvic or 
 abdominal. Also, the male organ. 
 
 Membrum Genitale Vieorum, Penis — m. Mu- 
 liebre. Clitoris — m. Seminale, Penis — m. Vifile, 
 Penis. 
 
 MEMOIRE, Memory — m. Perte de, Amnesia. 
 
 MEMORIA DELETA, Amnesia. 
 
 MEM'ORT, Memo'ria, 3Ineme, Hypomne'sis, 
 Recorda'tio, Reeorda'tus, (F.) 3Iemoire. The ce- 
 rebral faculty, by virtue of which past impressions 
 are recalled to the mind. 
 
 MEMPHI'TBS LAPIS. A sort of stone, found 
 in the environs of Memphis ; which was formerly 
 esteemed narcotic. 
 
 MENAGOGUES, Emmenagogues. 
 
 MENDESION, ^gyptiacum. 
 
 MENE, Moon. 
 
 MENECRATIS ACOIPITER, Ascipiter. 
 
MENES 
 
 552 
 
 MENORRHAGIA 
 
 MENES, Menses. 
 
 MJENESPAUSIE, see Menses. 
 
 MENFRIGE, see Pistacia lentiscus. 
 
 MENINGARTHROC'ACE, Liflamma'tio mem- 
 hrana'rum articulatio'nis, Arthromeningi'tis, from 
 fiviy^, ' membrane,' apdjjov, ' a joint,' and kukos, 
 'disctase.' Inflammation of the membranes of a 
 juint. 
 
 MENINGE, Dura mater. 
 
 MENINGE, Meningeal. 
 
 MENIN'GEAL, Menin'geus, from nvny^, 'a 
 membrane.' (F.) 3IeningL Relating to the me- 
 ninges, or merely to the dura mater. 
 
 Meningeal Apoplexy, see Apoplexy. 
 
 Meningeal Artery, Middle, Arte'ria menin'- 
 gea me'dia, A. Sphceno-sjpino'sa, A. DurcB Matris 
 me'dia max'ima, A. SphcBno-spina'lia, Spinal Ar- 
 tery, (F.) Artlre meningee moyenne, A. Spheno- 
 epineuae, A. Epineuse, is the largest of the 
 branches given off by the internal maxillary 
 artery. It enters the cranium by the foramen 
 gpinale, and distributes its branches chiefly to 
 the dura mater. 
 
 Meningeal Vessels, Vana menin'gea. The 
 vessels of the membranes of the brain. 
 
 MENIN'GES, Eilam'ides, Matres seu Involu'- 
 cva Ger'ebri, Omen'ta seu Velamen'ta cerehra'lia, 
 from nrjviy^, 'a membrane.' The three membranes 
 ■which envelop the brain — Dura mater, Arachnoid, 
 and Pia mater. 
 
 MENINGETTE, Pia mater. 
 
 MENINGI'NA, (F.) lleningine. Same etymon. 
 A name given by Chaussier to the pia mater, 
 united to the cerebral layer of the arachnoid. 
 
 Meningina, Inner Lamina of the, Pia mater. 
 
 3IJENINGINE, Meningina. 
 
 MENINGINI'TIS, from meningina, and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the me- 
 ningina. 
 
 MENINGION, Arachnoid membrane. 
 
 MENINGIS GUSTOS, Meningophylax. 
 
 MENINGITE, Meningitis — m. Granuleuse, 
 Hydrocephalus internus — m. Rachidienne, Me- 
 ningitis, spinal — m. Tuhereuleuse, Hydrocepha- 
 lus internus. 
 
 MENINGI'TIS, Eneephali'tis peripher'ica, E. 
 incmhrano' sa, (F.) Inflammation de la membrane 
 gereuse cephalo-raohidienne, Meningite. Inflam- 
 mation of the meninges or membranes of the 
 brain. See Phrenitis. 
 
 Meningitis Arthritica, Cephalagra — m. In- 
 fantum, Hydrocephalus internus — m. Membra- 
 nosa, M. spinal. 
 
 Meningi'tis Mesencephal'ica. Inflammation 
 of the meninges of the medulla oblongata and 
 pons varolii more especially. 
 
 Meningitis Peripherica, M. spinal — m. Po- 
 tatorum, Delu-ium tremens — m. Rachidian, M. 
 spinal. 
 
 Meningitis, Spinal, M. EacTiid'ian, M. Spi- 
 na' lis &QM peripher' ica seu membrano'sa, Perimye- 
 li'tis, (F.) Meningite rachidienne. Inflammation 
 of the meninges of the spinal marrow. 
 
 Meningitis, Tubercular, see Hydrocephalus 
 internus — m. Tuberculosa, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. 
 
 MENIN'GIUM. Diminutive of ^rjnyf, 'a 
 membrane.' A fine, delicate membrane. The 
 tunica arachnoidea of the brain. 
 
 M E N IN G - CEPH ALI'TIS, Meningo-ence- 
 phali'tia, Ceph'ctlo-meningi'tis, from ^r]viy^, ' a 
 membrane,' Kc(pa'Xv, 'head,' and itis, a suflix de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mem- 
 branes and braixi. 
 
 MENINOOGASTRITIS, Fever, gastric. 
 MBNINGOMALA'CIA, from lim'^y^, 'mem- 
 
 brane,' and ixa\aKia, * softening.' Softening of 
 membranes in general. 
 
 MENINGOPH'YLAX, Cuatos menin'gis, Dc- 
 preaao'rium, (F.) Depresaoire, from finviy^, 'a 
 membrane,' the dura mater; and <pv\a^. ' a pre- 
 server.' An instrument for depressing the dura 
 mater, and guarding it from injury, whilst the 
 bone is cut or rasped. 
 
 MENINGORRH(E'A,from nvviy^, 'membrane,' 
 and psui, ' I flow.' Eff'usion of blood upon or be- 
 tween the membranes of the brain. 
 
 MENINGO'SIS. Same etymon. The union 
 of bones by means of membrane ; e. g. the. arti- 
 culation of the bones of the cranium in the foetus. 
 Meningosis is a variety of Syndesmosis. 
 
 MENINGOSYM'PHYSIS; from ;/7v.y|, 'mem- 
 brane,' and uvjifjiva-is, 'growing together.' Adhe- 
 sion of or by membrane. Adhesion of the mem- 
 branes of the brain to each other, or to the brain. 
 MEN IN X, Membrane — m. Choroides, Pia 
 mater — m. Crassa, Dura mater — m. Dura, Dura 
 mater — m. Exterior, Dura mater — m. Interior, 
 Pia mater — m. Media, Arachnoid membrane — m. 
 Pacheia, Dura mater — m. Sclera, Dura mater. 
 
 MENISCHESIS, see Amenorrhcea. 
 
 MENISPERMUM ANGULATUM, M. Cana- 
 dense. 
 
 Menisperm'tjm Canaden'se, 3f. angula'tum, 
 from jivvrt, ' the m,oon,' and airipfin, ' seed.' A 
 climbing plant, growing in various parts of the 
 United States. Said to be used in Virginia as a 
 substitute for sarsaparilla in scrofula. It is an 
 excitant tonic. 
 
 Menisper'mum Coc'culus, 31. glaueum, Ana- 
 mir'ta Cou'cidua, A. jHcnictda'ta, Coc'cidua aube- 
 ro'sus, so called from the shape of its seed. 
 Family Menispermese. Sex. Syat. Dicecia Do- 
 deeandria. The systematic name of the plant, 
 the berries of which are well known by the name 
 of Coc'eulua In'dic-us, Indian Berriea, Bucccb 
 Piscato'rice, Coc'cttlus subera'sus, Indian Cockles, 
 Coccus In'dicus, Goecvla oJjUcina'rum, Cocci ori- 
 enta'les, Grnna Orien'tis, (F.) Coque dn Levant, 
 Coque levant. These berries are remarkable for 
 their inebriating and destructive quality to fish. 
 The deleterious principle appears to reside in the 
 kernel, and in the active principle called Piero- 
 tox'ine. Cocculus Indicus has been used in de- 
 coction to kill vermin. It has, at times, been 
 added to beer, by fraudulent tradesmen, to render 
 it more inebriating. 
 
 Menispermum Glaucum, M. cocculus — m. Pal- 
 matum, Calumba. 
 
 Menisper'mum Tubercula'tum, 31. Verruco'- 
 sum, Coc'eulua crispna. A Chinese plant, an ex- 
 tract from the root of which is tonic to the sto- 
 mach and bowels, and possesses some astrin- 
 gency. Dose, 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 The same may be said of 3Ienisper'mum cor- 
 difo'lium — the Gohincha, of Bengal. 
 
 Menispermum Verrucosum, M. tuberculatum. 
 
 MENOCRYPHIA, Amenorrhcea. 
 
 MENOLIPSIS, see Menses. 
 
 MENOPAUSIS, see Menses. 
 
 MENOPHANIA, see Menses. 
 
 MENOPLANIA, Menstruation, vicarious. 
 
 MEN0RRHAG"IA, from nxjv, 'a month,' and 
 prjyvvfti, ' I flow fiercely.' Flow of the menses. 
 Frequently, the word is used synonymously with 
 uterine hemorrhage or metrorrhagia, or for im- 
 moderate flow of the menses — profnae mcnstru(i~ 
 tion, Parame'nia super'flua, P. prn/u'sa, 3fenor- 
 rhag"ia rv.bra, Gatamen io'rnm fl.uxua immod'icus, 
 3Ienatnia immod'icn, 31. supcr'flua, 3Ienorrhce''Ji. 
 
 Menorrhagia, Menstruation, Metrorrhagia — 
 m. Alba, Leueorrhoea — ra. DifiBcilis, Dysmenor- 
 rhoe — m. Erronea, Menstruation, erroneous — m. 
 Stiilatitia, Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
MENOmiHCEA 
 
 553 
 
 MENTAL 
 
 MENORRHCE'A, from firjv, 'montli,' and psw, 
 * I flow.' Too long continuing, or too often re- 
 turning, menstruation. Also, menorrhagia. 
 
 MENOSCHESIS, see Amenorrhoea. 
 
 MENOSTASIA, Amenorrhoea. 
 
 MENOS'TASIS, from imv, 'month,' and (jra^is, 
 ' stasis,' ' stagnation.' This word, according to 
 some, signifies the retention of the menses and 
 their accumulation in the uterus. According to 
 others, it means the acute pain which, in some 
 females, precedes each appearance of the menses : 
 a pain which has been presumed to proceed from 
 the stasis of blood in the capillary vessels of the 
 uterus. 
 
 MENOXEN'IA, Menoxeno'sis, from piriv, 'a 
 mouth,' and ^evos, ' foreign.' Irregular men- 
 struation. 
 
 MENOXENOSIS, Menoxenia, 
 
 MENS, Anima, Intellect. 
 
 MENSA, 'a table.' The upper superficial part 
 of the jaw teeth. 
 
 MENSES, (Ifensis, 'a month;') 3f. Mulie'hres, 
 Mulie'hria, Menes, Fluxus men'struus, F. liina'ris, 
 Pro'fiuvium mulie'bre, P. genita'le muliehre, Con- 
 suetu'do menstrua, Catame'nia, llen'strua, Eni- 
 me'nia, Tribu'tum luna're seu men'struum, Pur- 
 gntio'nes, P. menstrua, GyncBcei'a, Aphedri'a, 
 Cnrsus men'struus, HorcB'a, Luna'ria, Courses, 
 Menstrual flux. Monthly courses, M. 'periods. 
 Flowers, Turns, Terms, the Reds, Troubles, (E.) 
 Mois, Regies, Lunes, Flueurs, Affaires, Epoques, 
 Ordinaires, Purgations, Fleurs, Menstrues. The 
 sanguineous evacuation from the uterus. Sanguis 
 vienstruus, the monthly occurrence of which con- 
 stitutes menstruation. The first appearance of 
 the menses — menopha'nia — is usually preceded 
 by the discharge of a fluid whitish matter from 
 the vagina; by nervous excitement, and by vague 
 pains and heaviness in the loins and thighs ; 
 numbness of the limbs, tumefaction and hard- 
 ness of the breasts, &c. More or less indisposi- 
 tion and irritability also precede each successive 
 recurrence of the menstrual flux. In temperate 
 climates, each period ordinarily continues from 
 three to six days ; and the quantity lost varies 
 from four to eight ounces. The menses continue 
 to flow from the period of puberty till the age of 
 45 or 50. At the term of its natural cessation, 
 Menolip'sis, 3Ienespausie (Gardanne,) Menojiau'- 
 s-is, the flux becomes irregular; and this irregu- 
 larity is occasionally accompanied with symp- 
 toms of dropsy, glandular tumours, &c, consti- 
 tuting the Paraine'nia cessatio'nis of Good, and 
 what is called the critical time or tur7i of life ; 
 yet it does not appear that the mortality is in- 
 creased by it. With the immediate causes of 
 menstruation we are unacquainted. We express 
 only our ignorance, when we assert it to depend 
 upon periodicity ; the discharge comes from the 
 vessels of the uterus and vagina, and differs from 
 ordinary blood by its peculiar odour, and by its 
 not coagulating. It is evidently connected with 
 the condition of the ovaries, and appears to be 
 connected with the periodical discharge of ova 
 from them. It is arrested, as a general principle, 
 during pregnancy and lactation. In warm cli- 
 mates, women usually begin to menstruate early, 
 and cease sooner than in the temperate regions. 
 The quantity lost is also greater. In the colder 
 regions, the reverse of this holds as a general 
 rule. 
 
 Menses Albi, Leucorrhoea — m. Anomalas, 
 Paramenia — m. Devii, Menstruation, vicarious 
 — m. Dolorifici, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Retention 
 of the, see Amenorrhoea — m. Suppression of the, 
 Amenorrhoea. 
 
 MENSIt'M RETENTIO, see Amenorrhoea. 
 
 MENSTRUA, Menses— m. Alba, Leucorrhcea 
 — m. Difficilia, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Dolorosa, 
 Dysmenorrhoea — m. Immodica, Menorrhagia — 
 m. Superflua, Menorrhagia. 
 
 MENSTRUAL, Catamenial— m. Flux, Menses 
 
 MENSTRUANT, Jfen'struans, from menstrua, 
 'the catamenia.' One subject to the catamenia. 
 
 MENSTRUATIO ANOMALA, Paramenia — 
 m. DifBcilis, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Dolorifica, Dj'S- 
 menorrhoea — m. Impedita, see Amenorrhcea^m. 
 Per insolitas Vias, Menstruation, vicarious. 
 
 Menstrua'tio Recidi'va. Menstruation, when 
 protracted beyond the usual age. 
 
 Menstruatio Retenta, Amenorrhoea, Para- 
 menia — m. Suppressa, Amenorrhoea, Paramenia. 
 
 MENSTRUA'TION, Menstrua'tio, Ghronogu'- 
 nea, Menorrhag"ia, Fluxus menstrua'lis. Tha 
 flow of the menses. 
 
 3IENSTR UA TION DIFFICILE, Dysmenor- 
 rhoea — m. DifiBcult, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Labo- 
 rious, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Profuse, Menorrhagia. 
 
 Menstrpation, VicA'Riors, is that which oc- 
 curs from other parts than the uterus. It is 
 called Parame'nia erro'ris, 3Ienorrhag"ia erro'- 
 nea, Mensium per alie'na loca excre'tio, Jlenses 
 de'vii, Aberra'tio men'sium seu menstruo'rum, 
 3Ienstrua' tio per insol'itas vias, HcBmatopla'nia 
 seu Hamopla'nia menstrua'lis, Menopla'nia, (F.) 
 Deviation des Regies, Regies deviees. At times, 
 the secreted fluid has all the characters of the 
 menstrual secretion; at others, it appears to ba 
 mere blood. 
 
 MENSTRUEL, Catamenial. 
 
 3IENSTRVES, Menses. 
 
 MENSTRUOUS, Catamenial. Also, one af- 
 footed with the menses or catamenia. 
 
 MEN'STRUUM, (F.) Menstrue. Same ety- 
 mon ; — the menstruum being, of old, usually 
 continued in action for a month. This name was 
 formerly given to every substance which pos- 
 sesses the property of dissolving others slowly 
 and with the aid of heat. At present, it is used 
 synonymously with solvent. Thus — water, alco- 
 hol, ether, acids, oils, &c., are menstrua. 
 
 Menstruum Auri, Nitro-muriatic acid — m. 
 Ventriculi, Gastric juice. 
 
 MENSU'RA MED'ICA. A measure of 48 
 ounces. 
 
 MENSURA'TION, Meta'tio, from mensura, 
 'measure.' Measurement, Medical meas'uring. 
 One of the means used for exploring the state of 
 the thoracic and other cavities. It consists in a 
 comparative measurement of each side of the 
 chest, by means of a riband extended from the 
 median line of the sternum to the spine. When 
 effusion exists on one side, the measurement is 
 usually greater than on the other. When, on the 
 other hand, a portion of a lung has ceased, for 
 some time, to exert its respiratory functions, the 
 corresponding side of the chest becomes smaller, 
 in consequence of the contraction of the pleura, 
 retraction of the pulmonary tissue, and greater 
 approximation of the ribs. 
 
 MENTA, Mentha, Penis. 
 
 MENTAGRA, Mentulagra, Sycosis — m. In- 
 fantum, Porrigo lupinosa. 
 
 MEN'TAGRAPHYTE, Men'tagrophyte, from 
 mentagra, and (pvrov, 'a plant.' A name pro- 
 posed by M. Gruby, of Vienna, for a cryptogamio 
 plant, which he found in the eruption of men- 
 tagra. 
 
 MENTAL, Menta'lis, from mens, 'mind;' be- 
 longing or relating to the mind, as mental phe- 
 nom'ena, mental diseases {Morbi menta'les,) <&c. 
 
 In Anatomy, Mental, Menta'lis, (F.) Menton- 
 nier, signifies that which relates to the chin ; 
 from mentum, 'the chin.' 
 
 Mental Ar'tery, (F.) Artere mentonnQrt, 
 
MENTHA 
 
 554 
 
 MEM CUBE 
 
 This is given off by tbe inferior dental, and issues 
 at the mental foramen to be distributed on the 
 lower lip. 
 
 Mental Fora'men, (F.) Trou mentonnier, An- 
 te'rior maxillary F., is the outer orifice of tbe 
 inferior dental canal. It is situate on the outer 
 surface of tbe lower jaw-bone, opposite the second 
 incisor, or the canine tooth, and gives passage to 
 tbe vessels and nerves. 
 
 Mental Fossa, see Fossa, mental. 
 
 Mental Nerve, (F.) Nerf mentonnier, is, fur- 
 nished by the inferior dental nerve. It issues by 
 the mental foramen, and is distributed, in nume- 
 rous filaments, to the muscles of the lower lip. 
 
 Mental Region, Re'gio menta'lis. The region 
 of the chin. 
 
 MENTHA seu MENTA AQUAT'ICA, Men- 
 thaa'trwn, Sisi/yn'brimn menthastrum, Mentha pa- 
 lus'iris seu hirsu'ta seu rotundi/o' lia. palus'tn's, 
 lial'samus palus'tria, Watermint, (F.) Menthe 
 aqtiaiique, 31. rouge. Nat. Ord. Labiatae. This is 
 leas agreeable than the 3fe)itha viridis, and more 
 bitter and pungent. It is used like spearmint. 
 
 Mentha Balsamea, M. piperita. 
 
 Mentha Capbn'sis, which grows at the Cape 
 of Good Hope, possesses tbe medical properties 
 of the mints. 
 
 Mentha Cervi'na, Harfs pennyroyal, Hyssop- 
 leaved mint, Pule'gium cervi'num, (F.) Ifenthe 
 cervine. Possesses the properties of pennyroyal, 
 but is very unpleasant. 
 
 Mentha Citrata, Melissa. 
 
 Mentha Crispa, M. hercyn'ica, Colymhif ' era 
 minor. Curled Mint, (F.) Menthe frissee, 3IentJie 
 erepue, Baume d'eau d feuilles ridees. Possesses 
 the properties of peppermint. 
 
 Mentha Gentilis, M. viridis — m. Hercynica, 
 M. crispa — m. Hirsuta, M. Aquatiea — m. Lajvi- 
 gata, M. viridis — m. OflScinalis, M. piperita — 
 ni. Palustris, M. Aquatiea. 
 
 Mentha Piperi'ta, Mentha Piperi'tis seu offi- 
 cinn'lis seu balsame'a. Peppermint, (F.) Menthe 
 2)oicree. The odour of this variety is strong and 
 agreeable. Taste, pungent, aromatic, and pro- 
 ducing a oensation of coldness in the mouth. 
 Virtues depend upon essential oil and camphor. 
 It is stomachic and carminative. It is ciiietiy 
 used in the form of essential oil — the oleum tnen- 
 thcB piperita. 
 
 Essence of Peppermint consists of ol. mentha 
 pip. ^ij, sp. vin. recti/., coloured with sp)inach 
 leave!, Oij. See Tinctura olei menthse piperitse. 
 
 Mentha Pule'gium, Pulegium, Pulegium re- 
 ga'le, Pulegium latifo'lium, Glechon, Pennyroyal, 
 Pudding grass, (F.) Pouliot. Tbe oil — O'leum 
 pule'gii — possesses tbe virtues of the plant. It 
 resembles the mints in general in properties. 
 Amongst tbe vulgar, it is esteemed an emmena- 
 gogue. 
 
 Mentha Romana, Balsamita suaveolens, Ta- 
 nacetum balsamita — m. Rotundifolia palustris, 
 M. aquatiea — m. Saracenica, Balsamita suave- 
 olens, Tanacetum balsamita — m. Sativa, M. vi- 
 ridis — m. Spicata, M. viridis. 
 
 Mentha Vir'idis, M. Sati'va seu vulga'ris seu 
 aenti'lis seu spica'ta seu IcBviga'ta, Sptearmint, 
 (F.) Menthe sauvage, Baume des jardins, Menthe 
 ver*e, Menthe des jardins. Odour strong, aroma- 
 tie ; taste, warm, austere, bitterish. Virtues tbe 
 same as those of the peppermint. The Oleum 
 meuthis viridis is obtained from it. 
 
 Mentha Vulgaris, M. viridis. 
 
 MENTHASTRUM, Mentha aquatiea. 
 
 5IENTHE AQUATIQVE, Mentha aquatiea 
 — m. Cervine, Mentha cervina — m. Cvq, Tana- 
 cetum balsamita — m. Cre^jwe, Mentha crispa — 
 IB. Frissee, Mentha crispa — m. des Jardins — 
 Mentha viridis — m. PoivrSe, Mentha piperita — 
 
 m. Rouge, Mentha aquatiea — m. Sauvage, Mentha 
 viridis — m. Verte, Mentha viridis. 
 
 MENTIGO, Porrigo larvalis, Sycosis. 
 
 MENTIS3IE, from mens, mentis, 'mind.' Any 
 irregular movement of the mind, whether from 
 emotion or a vivid imagination. ■ — Baumes. 
 
 MENTOBICORNEUS, Geniohyoides. 
 
 MENTO-LABIAL, j¥e»to-/a6ia7/s. Under this 
 name Chaussier has united the Levator labii in- 
 ferioris, and Quadratus muscles. See Depressor 
 labii inferioris. 
 
 Mento-labial Furrott : a transverse depres- 
 sion situate between the lower lip and the chin, 
 which is remarkable for the perpendicular direc- 
 tion of the hairs growing upon it. 
 
 MENTON, Mentum. 
 
 MENTONNIER, Mental— ni. Labial, Depres- 
 sor labii inferioris. 
 
 3IENT0NNIERE, see Funda. 
 
 MENTULA, Penis — m. Muliebris, Cereosis, 
 Clitoris — m. Parva, Pipinna. 
 
 MEN'TULAGRA, Men'tagra. A hybrid word, 
 from mentula, ' the penis,' and aypa, ' a seizure.' 
 A convulsive erection of the mentula or penis; 
 such as is said to be sometimes observed in eu- 
 nuchs. See Pudendagra. 
 
 MENTULATUS, Membrosus. 
 
 MENTUM, Genei'on, Geni'um, Anthe'reon, 'the 
 chin.' (F.) Menton. The inferior and middle 
 part of tbe face, situate below the lower lip. The 
 chin is formed of skin, areolar tissue, muscles, 
 vessels, nerves, and the os maxillare inferius. 
 
 MENYAN'THES TRIFOLIA'TA, Minyan'- 
 thes, Trifo'lium paludo'sum seu aquat'icum seu 
 palus'tre seu fihri'num, Menyan'thes, Water tre- 
 foil, Buckbean, Bogbean. Nat. Ord. Gentianese. 
 (F.) Trefle d'eau. The taste is intensely bitter, 
 and is extracted by water. It is tonic, anthel- 
 mintic, diuretic, cathartic, and, in large doses, 
 emetic. In some countries, it is used as a substi- 
 tute for hops in making beer. 
 
 Menyan'thes Verna, American huch heart, 
 Ifarsh trefoil. Water shamrock. Bitter root, has 
 similar properties. 
 
 MEOSIS, Meiosis. 
 
 MEPHJLT'IC, Mephit'icus ; from a Syriac word, 
 signifying ' to blow, to breathe.' Any thing pos- 
 sessed of an unwholesome property,- chiefly ap- 
 plied to exhalations. 
 
 MEPHITIS, see Mephitism — m. Hepatica, 
 Hydrogen, sulphuretted — m. Inflammabilis, Hy- 
 drogen — m. Urinosa, Ammonia. 
 
 MEPH'ITISM. Same etymon. Any perni- 
 cious exhalation. 3fephi'tis and 31op)he'ta, (F.) 
 3Iofette ou Moufette, are old names for azote ; 
 and, in general, for all exhalations and gases that 
 are unfit for respiration. 
 
 MERACUS, Merus. 
 
 MERAMAUROSIS, Hypamaurosis. 
 
 MERAN^STHE'SIS, 3Ieran(Esthe'sia, from 
 H^poi, 'a part,' av, 'privative,' and atcBriats, 'sen- 
 sation.' Insensibility of a part of the body. 
 
 MERATROPH'IA, from ixtpoi, 'a part,' and 
 aTpo(pia, 'want of nourishment.' Atrophy of some 
 part of the body. 
 
 MERCURE, Hydrargyrum — m. Bichlorvre de, 
 Hydrargyri oxj'murias — m. avec la Craie, Hy- 
 drargyrum cum creta — m. C;-?(, Hydrargyrum — 
 m. Cyanure de, Hydrargyri cyanuretum — m. Eeit- 
 tiodure de, Hj'drargyri iodidum rubrum — ?«. 
 Ecuto-chlorure de, Hydrargyri oxymurias — m. 
 Boux, Hydrargyri submurias — m. Gommeux d« 
 Plenclc, Syrupus de mercuric mediante gunimi — 
 m. 3[Hriate oxygeni de, Hydrargyri oxymurias — 
 m. Oxide de, cendre, Hydrargyri oxydum cinere- 
 um — m. Oxide gris de, Hydrarcyri oxydum ci- 
 nereum — m. Oxide nitrique dc, Hydrargyri nitri* 
 
MEECUEIAL 
 
 555 
 
 MEROCELE 
 
 co-oxydum — m. Oxide noir de, Hydrargyri oxy- 
 dum cinereum — m. Oxide rouge de, Hydrargyri 
 oxydum rubrum — m. Periodure de, Hydrargyri 
 iodidum rubrum — m. Protiodure de, Hydrargyri 
 iodidum — m. Protochlorure de, Hydrargyri sub- 
 murias — m. Protoxide de, Hydrargyri oxydum 
 cinereum— m. Sous-muriate de, precipite, Hydrar- 
 gyrum prsecipitatum — m. Sous-sulfate de, Hy- 
 drargyrus vitriolatus — m. Sulphure de, noir, Hy- 
 drargyri sulphuretum nigrum — m. Sulplmre de, 
 rouge, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 MERCU'RIAL, Mercuria'Us, Hydrargyr' icum, 
 Hydrargiir'ium. That which contains mercury. 
 A preparation of mercury. 
 
 MERCURIA'LIS, 3/ercurin'lis an'nua, French, 
 mercury. It has been esteemed cathartic, hyp- 
 notic and cosmetic, and has been chiefly used by 
 way oi lavement. See Chenopodium Bonus Hen- 
 ricus. 
 
 MercuriAlis Humor, Humor melancTiol'ieus. 
 A supposititious humour with the older physi- 
 cians, out of which they presumed that morbi 
 melanchol'ici seu mercnria'les arose. 
 
 Mercurtalis Peren'nis, Cynocram'he, Cani'na 
 hras'sica. M. monta'na, M. Sylves'tris,, Dog's mer- 
 cury. This plant is possessed of acro-narcotic 
 properties. 
 
 MERCURIALISMITS, Hydrargyriasis. 
 
 MERCU'RIALIST, il/e)-cM)-?a^M'>a; from mer- 
 cnrius, 'mercury.' One inordinately addicted to 
 prescribing mercury. 
 
 MERCURIALIZA'TION. Same etymon. The 
 state of being aifected by mercuiy. One under 
 the influence of mercury is said to be mercurial- 
 ized. 
 
 MERCURII CALX VITRIOLATA, Hydrar- 
 gyrus vitriolatus ^ — m. Deuto-ioduretum, Hydrar- 
 gyri iodidum rubrum — m. Proto-ioduretum, Hy- 
 drargyri iodidum — m. Sperma, Hydrargyrus ace- 
 tatus — m. Terra foliata, Hydrargyrus acetatus. 
 
 MERCURIUS, Hydrargyrum — m. Acetatus, 
 Hydrargyrus acetatus — m. Alkalisatus, Hydrar- 
 gyrum cum creta — m.' Calcinatus, Hydrargyri 
 oxydum rubrum — Causticus flavus, Hydrargyrus 
 vitriolatus — m. Cinereus, Hydrargyri oxydum 
 cinereum — m. Cinnabarinus, Hydrargyri sulphu- 
 retum rubrum — m. Corallinus, Hydrargyri nitri- 
 co-oxydum — m. Corrosivus, Hydrargyri oxymu- 
 rias — m. Corrosivus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydum — m. Corrosivus sublimatus, Hydrargyri 
 oxymurias — m. Cosmeticus, Hydrargyrum prse- 
 cipitatum — m. Dulcis, Hydrargyri submurias — 
 m. Emeticus flavus, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — 
 m. Gummosus Plenckii, Syrupus de mercurio 
 mediante gu<mmi— m. Luteus, Hydrargyrus vitri- 
 olatus — m. Mortis, Algaroth — m. Niger Moscati, 
 Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — m. Prsecipitatus 
 corrosivus, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — m. Prse- 
 cipitatus niger, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — 
 m. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum saceharatum — m. 
 Solubilis of Hahnemann, see Hydrargyri oxydum 
 cinereum — m. Sublimatus dulcis, Hydrargyri 
 submurias — m. cum Sulphure, Hydrargyri sul- 
 phuretum nigrum — m. Terrestris, Polygonum 
 hydropiper — m. Vitse, Algaroth — m. Zoticus 
 Hartmanni. Hydrargyri submurias. 
 
 MERCURY, Hydrargyrum — m. Acetate of, 
 Hydrargyrus acetatus — m. Acid, nitrate of, see 
 Hydrargyri nitras — m. Ammoniated, Hydrargy- 
 rum prascipitatum — m. Ammonio- chloride of, 
 Hadrargyrum prsecipitatum — m. Bichloride of, 
 Hydrargyri oxymurias — m. Biniodide of, Hy- 
 drargyri iodidum rubrum, see Iodine — m. Bisul- 
 phuret of, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum — m. 
 Bromide of, see Bromine — m. with Chalk, Hy- 
 drargyrum cum cretS, — m. Chloride of, mild, Hy- 
 drargyri submurias — m. Cyanuret of, Hydrargyri 
 Cyanuretum — m, Deuto-iodide of, see Iodine — 
 
 m. Dog's, Mereurialis perenniB — m. English, Che- 
 nopodium bonus Henricus — m. French, Mercu- 
 rial — m. Iodide of, Hydrargyri Iodidum — m. Io- 
 dide of, red, Hydrargyri Iodidum rubrum. 
 
 Mercury, Iodide op Chloride or, lod'idwn 
 Hydrar'gyri chlo'ridi, Hydra}-' gyrum- iodn'tum 
 cum, cMorido mercurii, (F.) lodhydrargyrite de 
 chlorure mercureux. Made by the reaction of 
 iodine on mild chloride of mercury. Two iodides 
 may be prepared — the iodide and the biniodide. 
 Both are violent irritants : the biniodide, espe- 
 cially, is a powerful caustic. Both have been 
 given in scrofula. The biniodide is only used 
 externally like nitrate of silver in scrofulous 
 and certain syphilitic ulcerations. An ointment 
 of the iodide (gr. xv ad adipis §ij) is rubbed ou 
 scrofulous tumefactions. 
 
 Mercury, Iodo-Arsenite of, Arsenic and 
 Mercury, iodide of — m. Muriate of, corrosive, Hy- 
 drargyri oxymurias — m. Muriate of, mild, Hy- 
 drargyri submurias — m. Nitrate of, Hydrargyri 
 nitras — m. Nitric oxj'd of, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydum — -m. Oxide of, black or gray, Hydrar- 
 gyri oxydum cinereum — m. Oxide of, red, Hy- 
 drargyri oxydum rubrum — m. Oxymuriate of, 
 Hydrargyri oxymurias — m. Periodide of, Hy- 
 drargyri iodidum rubrum — m. Phosphuretted, 
 Hydrargyrus phosphoratus — m. Precipitate of, 
 white, Hydrargyrum pracipitatum — m. Proto- 
 chloride of, Hydrargyri submurias — m. Protoio- 
 dide of, see Hydrargyri iodidum, and Iodine — m. 
 Prussiate of, Hydrargyri cyanuretum — m. Solu- 
 ble, Hydrargyri nitras — m. Subchloride of, Hy- 
 drargyri submurias — m. Submuriate of, Hydrar- 
 gyri submurias — m. Sulphuret of, black, Hydrar- 
 gyri sulphuretum nigrum — m. Sulphuret of, red, 
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. Realgar — m. 
 Sulphuret of, with Sulphur, Hydrargyri Sulphu- 
 retum nigrum — m. Supernitrate of, Solution of, 
 see Hydrargyri nitras — m. Tartrate of, Hydrargyri 
 tartras — m. Three-seeded, Acalypha Virginica. 
 
 Mercury and Arsenic, Iodide of. Arsenic 
 and Mercury, Iodide of — m. and Quinia, Proto- 
 chloride of, Hydrargyri et Quinise Protochlori- 
 dum. 
 
 MERDA, Excrement. 
 
 MERDIVOMUS, Copremetus. 
 
 MERDUS, Excrement. 
 
 3I:EBE BES PIANS, Plan. 
 
 MEREMPHRAX'IS, from /itjjof, ' a part,' and 
 citipptt^is, ' obstruction.' Obstruction or infarction 
 of an organ. 
 
 MERICUS, Local. 
 
 MERIDRO'SIS, Sudor partin'lis seu loea'lia ; 
 from fiEoof, ' a part,' and 'i^pwcriy, ' sweating.' A 
 partial perspiration. 
 
 MERIMNA, Cura. 
 
 MERIMNE, Cura. 
 
 MERISIER, Prunus avium. 
 
 MEROBALANEUM, Bath, partial 
 
 MEROBALNEUM, Bath, partial. 
 
 MEROCE'LE, Iliroce'le, Iferorix'is, Merorr- 
 hex'is, from i^cfog, ' the thigh,' and Kr)\ri, ' tumour ;' 
 Hernia cruralia seu femora'lis. Femoral or crural 
 hernia, (F.) Hernie crurale ou femorale. In this 
 hernia, the viscera issue from the abdomen 
 through the crural canal ; or through an opening 
 immediately on the outer side of Gimbernat's 
 ligament, which gives passage to lymphatic ves- 
 sels. This affection is more frequent in the female 
 than in the male, and especially In those who 
 have had children. The tumour, formed by 
 merocele, is generally small, round, and more or 
 less diflBcult of reduction. In other respects, it 
 possesses all the characters of hernia. The neck 
 of the sac has, close on the outside, the epigastrio 
 artery; above, the spermatic cord and spermatio 
 
MEROCOXALGIA 
 
 556 
 
 MESENTERY 
 
 arte*y in the male — the round ligament in the 
 female ; on the inside, Gimbernat's ligament ; 
 and, below the pubes. When the obturator artery 
 arises from the epigastric, it generally passes on 
 the outside of and below the orifice of the sac; 
 sometimes, however, it takes a turn above, and 
 than to the inside of the opening. J. Cloquet 
 asserts, that of 134 cases, in one only did he find 
 the epigastric artery on the inside of the orifice 
 of the sac. 
 
 The operation, required in strangulation of this 
 variety, may be practised on the aponeurotic 
 opening, by cutting downwards and inwards, on 
 the side of Gimbernat's ligament. 
 
 MEROCOXALGIA, Coxalgia. 
 
 MERO'PIA, from /<fpos, 'a part,' and di-i/, 'the 
 eye.' A partial obscurity of vision. 
 
 MERORIXIS, Merocele. 
 
 MERORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'miis partia'Us, 
 Rh. loca'lis, Bh. Ifembro'rum singulo'rum ; from 
 ^epof, 'a part,' and pevfia, ' defluxion, rheumatism.' 
 Rheumatism affecting a part. Topical or local 
 rheumatism. 
 
 MERORRHEXIS, Merocele. 
 
 MEROS, Femur, Thigh. 
 
 MERRY-ANDREW. An itinerant quack, who 
 exposes his nostrums for sale at fairs aud mar- 
 kets. See Charlatan. — So called from Dr. An- 
 drew Boorde, who lived in the reigns of Henry 
 VIIL, Edward VI., and Queen Mary, and who 
 was in the habit of frequenting fairs and markets 
 at which he harangued the populace. 
 
 MERULIUS AURICULA, Peziza auricula. 
 
 MERUS, Mera'cus, A'cratos, 'pure, genuine;' 
 as Viniun merum, unmixed wine. 
 
 Merus, Femur, Thigh. 
 
 MERVINE MALE, Cypripedium luteum. 
 
 MERYCISMUS, Rumination. 
 
 MERYCOLOG"IA, from /xepvKu), '1 ruminate,' 
 and \oyos, ' a description.' Any work on rumi- 
 nation may be so termed. 
 
 MESA, Genital organs. 
 
 MESAR^UM, Mesentery. 
 
 MESARAIC, Mesenteric. 
 
 MESEMAR, Mismar. 
 
 MESEMBRYANTHEMUM COPTICUM, see 
 Soda. 
 
 Mesembrtan'themum Crystal'linum, 31. 
 JicoVdes, Di'am<y)}d fig-maryyold, Icc-2}lant, (F.) 
 Glaciale, Crystalline. Nat. Ord. Ficoideas : a 
 plant common in the neighbourhood of Cape 
 Town. It has been recommended in dysuria, 
 ischuria, and some other affections of the urinary 
 organs. 
 
 MESEMBRYANTHEMUM Edu'le ; sxidi M. acina- 
 etforme. South African plants, are much used as 
 domestic remedies at the Cape. The expressed 
 juice of the leaves acts as an astringent in dy- 
 sentery, and as a mild diuretic. It is also used 
 as an antiseptic gargle in malignant sore throat, 
 violent salivation and aphthas, and as a lotion to 
 burns and scalds. 
 
 Mesembryan'themum ToRTUo'suM,also a South 
 African plant, is said to possess narcotic proper- 
 ties. ^ ^ 
 
 MESENCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata, Pons 
 Varolii. ' 
 
 MES'ENTERIC, Mesara'ic, Mesenter'icue, Me- 
 aara'icus, Ifesarce'icns ; from itcatvrepiov, or /teaa- 
 paiov, ' the mesentery.' That which relates or 
 belongs to the mesentery. 
 
 Mesenteric Arteries are two in number, and 
 distinguished into, 1. The Superior mesenteric, 
 which arises from the anterior part of the abdo- 
 minal aorta, below the cceliac. It immediately 
 descends to the left, forwards, behind the pan- 
 creag, and in front of the third portion of the 
 
 duodenum, — to gain the superior extremity of the 
 mesentery, where it makes a long curvature, the 
 convexity of which is turned forwards and to the 
 left. Towards the termination of the ileum, it 
 ends by anastomosing with a branch of the A. 
 colica dextra inferior. At its concavity, it gives 
 off the three Arteries colica dextrm, which belong 
 to the great intestine ; and, at its convexity, ic 
 sends off fifteen or twenty branches, which are 
 distributed to the small intestine, after having 
 formed numerous arches by their anastomoses. 
 
 2. The Inferior Mesenteric Artery arises from 
 the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, an inch 
 and a half before its termination. It descends, 
 on the left side, behind the peritoneum ; engages 
 itself in the substance of the iliac mesocolon, 
 forming a considerable curvature, whose con- 
 vexity faces the left side. When it reaches the 
 brim of the pelvis, it passes along the posterior 
 separation of the mesorectum, and attains the 
 neighbourhood of the anus, under the name Su- 
 perior hemorrhoidal artery. It gives off no branch 
 at its concave part; but, from the convex, the 
 three Arteria colicm sinistrcB arise. 
 
 Mesenteric Disease, Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 Mesenteric Glands are the lymphatic gfin- 
 glions of the mesentery. Through them, the 
 chyliferous vessels pass to the thoracic duct. 
 Their uses are unknown. When diseased, nutri- 
 tion is interfered with, and atrophy produced. 
 
 Mesenteric Hernia. If one of the layers of 
 the mesentery be torn by a blow, whilst the other 
 remains in its natural state, the intestines may 
 insinuate themselves into the aperture, and form 
 a kind of hernia. It is not known during life. 
 
 Mesenteric Plexuses are furnished by the 
 solar plexus, and have been distinguished into 
 superior and inferior j- like the mesenteric arte- 
 ries which they accompany. 
 
 Mesenteric or Mesaraic Veins are two in 
 number, and belong to the vena porta. They 
 are distinguished into, 1. The Superior mesenteric 
 or mesaraic or great mesaraic. This trunk re- 
 ceives, from above to below and on the right side, 
 the three vence colica dextra and the Gastro-epi- 
 piloica dextra. Into its left side, the veins of the 
 small intestine open. It passes in front of the 
 transverse portion of the duodenum ; and, behind 
 the pancreas, unites with the splenic vein to con- 
 cur in the formation of the vena porta. 
 
 The inferior or lesser mesenteric vein corre- 
 sponds to the artery of the same name, and 
 opens into the splenic, near the union of that 
 vein with the superior mesenteric, and behind 
 the pancreas. 
 
 MESENTERIITIS, Mesenteritis. 
 
 MESENTERI'TIS, Mcsenterii'tis, Empres'ma 
 peritoni'lis mesenter'ica, Enteri'tis mcsenter'iea, 
 Inflamma'tion of the mesentery. The pain is here 
 deeper seated and more immediately in the me- 
 senteric region. The external tenderness is less 
 than in some of the other varieties of peritonitis. 
 See Tabes Mesenterica. 
 
 MESENTERIUM, Mesentery — m. Crassum, 
 Mesocolon. 
 
 MESENTERON, Mesentery. 
 
 M E S'E NT E R Y, 3Iesen ter'ium, Mesarai'on, 
 Mesara'um, Media'mim, ilemhra'na pinguis in- 
 testino'rum, Lades, Mesen'teron, Ifcsera'um, Jfe- 
 sora''um, Medium intesti'mun, E]nchor'dis, from 
 //f<rof, 'in the middle,' and cvnpov, 'intestine.' 
 (F.) 3Iesentere. A term in anatomy, applied to 
 several duplicatures of the peritoneum, which 
 maintain the different portions of the intestinal 
 canal in their respective situations; allowing, 
 however, more or less motion. They are 
 formed of two laminEe, between whicli are con- 
 tained the corresponding portion of intestine and 
 
MESERA 
 
 557 
 
 MESPILUS 
 
 the vessels that pass to it. One only of these 
 duplicatures has received the name mesentery, 
 properly so called. This belongs to the small 
 intestine, which it suspends and retains in situ. 
 Its posterior margin, which is the smallest, is 
 straight, and descends obliquely from the left 
 side of the body of the second lumbar vertebra 
 to the right iliac fossa. Its anterior margin is 
 curved, undulating, plaited, and corresponds to 
 the whole length of the small intestine. The 
 mesentery contains, between the two laminas 
 which form it, a number of lymphatic ganglions; 
 the trunks and branches of the mesenteric ves- 
 sels ; the nervous plexuses accompanying them, 
 and many lacteals and lymphatics. 
 MESERA, Tutia. 
 MESER^EUM, Mesentery. 
 MESERAION, Mesentery. 
 ME'SIAL, from iitcos, 'in the middle.' Re- 
 lating or appertaining to the middle. 
 
 Mesial Plane, an imaginary jilane, dividing 
 the head, neck, and trunk into similar halves, 
 towards right and left. Every aspect towards 
 this plane is mesial ; and every aspect towards 
 right or left is lateral; every lateral aspect being 
 dextral or sinistral. 
 
 MESIAMUM, Aniceton. 
 
 MESMER'IO, 3fesmer'icv.s. Relating to mes- 
 merism or animal magnetism: — as the 'mesmeric 
 state,' ' mesmeric sleep,' &e. &c. 
 
 MESMERISM, Magnetism, animal. 
 MES'MERIST. A practiser of, or believer in, 
 mesmerism. 
 
 MESWEB.IZA'TIO'R, Ifagnetisa'tion. The act 
 of mesmerizing. The state of being mesmerized. 
 MES'MERIZED, 3Iesmeriza'tus, Maq'netized. 
 Affected with mesmerism or animal magnetism. 
 When the person is in a state of ' magnetic sleep,' 
 he is said to be hyp'notized. 
 
 MES'MERIZER, An'imal ilngneti' zer, Mag- 
 neti'zer. One who practises mesmerism. 
 
 MESO, fieiyos, 'in the middle.' A prefix to 
 certain words. 
 
 MESOBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
 MESOC^'CUM. A name given to a dupliea- 
 ture of the peritoneum, (in some persons only,) 
 at the posterior part of the caecum. 
 
 MESOGEPHALE, Medulla oblongata. Pons 
 Yarolii. 
 
 MESOCHON'DRIAC, MesocTiondri' acus ,• from 
 ficaos, and x^^opos, ' cartilage.' A name given by 
 Boerhaave to fleshy fibres situate between the 
 cartilaginous rings of the trachea. 
 
 MESOCOL'IC HERNIA. Hernia is so named 
 by Sir Astley Cooper, when the bowels glide be- 
 tween the layers of the mesocolon. 
 
 MESOCO'LOJT, Ifesoco'lum, Mesenter-'iumcras- 
 8i!W, from n€(To;, and kij>}.ov, 'the colon.' A name 
 given to the duplicatures of the peritoneum, 
 which fix the different parts of the colon to the 
 abdominal parietes. It has received different 
 names, according to its situation. The right 
 lumbar mesocolon fixes the ascending colon to the 
 corresponding lumbar region. The transverse 
 mesocolon arises from the co'neave arch of the 
 colon, and forms a septum between the epigastric 
 and umbilical regions. Its inferior portion is 
 continuous with the mesentery. The left lumbar 
 mesocolon, which contains the ascending colon, is 
 continuous below with the Iliac mesocolon. The 
 last includes between its layers the sigmoid flex- 
 ure of the colon, and ends in the mesorectum. 
 Under the right kidney, it is narrow and firm, 
 and forms the right lig'ament of the colon: at the 
 under end of the left kidney, it forms the left 
 lig'ament of the colon. 
 MESOCRANIUM, Sinciput. 
 
 MESOCRANUM, Sinciput. 
 MESODERMUM, Corpus mucosum. 
 MESODME, Mediastinum. 
 MESODMI'TIS, from ficao&ixr), 'the mediasti- 
 num,' and itis, 'inflammation.' ' MesotcecM'tis, 
 3Iediastini'tis, Injlamma'tio mediasti'ni. Inflam- 
 mation of the mediastinum. 
 
 MESOGASTRIUM, Umbilical region. 
 . MESOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus. 
 MESOGLOTTUS, Genioglossus. 
 MESOGONIUM, Internodium. 
 MESOLO'BAR. Belonging to the Mesolobe or 
 Corpus callo'stiin. 
 
 Mesolobar Arteries, Arte'rim mesolob'icm, 
 A. cor'poris callo'si cer'ebri, are the arteries of 
 the corpus callosum. 
 
 MESOLOBE, Corpus callosum. 
 MESOMER'IA, from neuo;, and iiepo^, 'the 
 thigh.' The parts of the body situate between 
 the thighs or hips. 
 
 MESOMERION, PerinjBum. 
 MESOMPHALUM, Umbilicus. 
 MESOPHLEB'IUM, from ^ecoi, 'in the mid, 
 die,' and ^Ati^, 'a vein;' luterve' nium. The space 
 between two veins. 
 
 MESOPH'RYON, GlahelVa, Gahel'la, Intercil'- 
 ium, 3feto'pivm, Nasal eminence. The part be- 
 tween the eyebrows; from ^eo-os, 'the middle,' 
 and o(ppva, ' the eyebrows.' 
 
 MESOPLEURIUM, Intercostal space. 
 MESOPLEURIUS, Intercostal. 
 MESOR^UM, Mesentery. 
 MESOR'CHIUM, from nciro;, 'the middle,' and 
 opxi^i} *£i testicle.' A diiplicature of the perito- 
 neum, which supports the testicle in its passage 
 from the abdornen into the scrotum. — Seller. 
 
 MESORECTUM. A hybrid word; from /is<roj, 
 and rectum, 'the intestine rectum.' A triangular 
 reflection, formed by the peritoneum, between the 
 posterior surface of the rectum and the anterior 
 surface of the sacrum. Between the two layers 
 of which the mesorectum is composed are found 
 much areolar tissue, and the termination of the 
 inferior mesenteric vessels. 
 MESOS, Meso. 
 
 MESOSCELOCELE, Hernia, perineal. 
 MESOSCELON, Perinasum. 
 MESOSCELOPHY'MA, from Mesoscelon, 'pe- 
 rinagum,' and (pvjxa, ' swelling.' A tumour of the 
 perinseum. 
 
 MESOTH'ENAR, from ,xtao?, and ^tvap, 'the 
 thenar,' 'the palm of the hand.' A muscle, 
 which carries the thumb towards the palm. 
 Winslow applied the term to the adductor polli- 
 cis, united to the deep-seated portion of the flexor 
 brevis pollieis. 
 
 MESOT'ICA, from ^tao?, 'middle.' Diseases 
 affecting the parenchyma. Pravity in the quan- 
 tity or quality of the intermediate or connecting 
 substance of organs ; without inflammation, fever, 
 or other derangement of the general health. The 
 first Order, class Eceritica of Good. 
 MESOTCECHITIS, Mesodmitis. 
 MESOTCECHIUM, Mediastinum. 
 MESOTCECHUM, Mediastinum. 
 MES'PILUS, Mespilus German'iea seu domes'- 
 tica. The medlar, (F.) Nejlier. The fruit, (F.) 
 Nefle, and seeds of the medlar have both been 
 used medicinally : — the immature fruit as an as- 
 tringent, and the seeds in nephritic diseases. Sea 
 Cratasgus Aria and Sorbus acuparia. 
 
 Mespilus Aria, Cratfegus aria — m. Domestica, 
 Mespilus, Sorbus domestica — m. Germanica, Mes- 
 pilus — m. Intermedia, Mespilus oxyacantha — m. 
 Lsevigata, Mespilus oxyacantha. 
 Mespilus Oxyacan'tha, 31. Oxi/acantJioi'df* 
 
META 
 
 558 
 
 METAMORPHOPSIA 
 
 Beu interme'dia sen IcBviga'fa, Oxyacaniha, Spina 
 alba, White Hawthorn, (F.) Auhepine. Th6 
 flowers of this uncommon European plant are 
 sometimes used in infusion as a pectoral. 
 
 Mespilus OxyACANTHOiDES, Mespilus oxya- 
 cantha. 
 
 META, fiiTa, Meth', iieO', 'with,' 'together 
 with,' ' after,' ' change of form and place.' A 
 common prefix to words. Hence : 
 
 METAB'ASIS, Tran'situs, MetaVole, Meta- 
 bol'ia, Metal'kcje, Jfetallax'ia, from ficrafiaivui, 
 'I digress.' A change of remedy, practice, Ac. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 METABOLE, Metabasis, Transformation. 
 
 METABOLEL'OGY, Metaholelog" ia ; from 
 fLCTa^oXn, ' change,' and Xoyoi, ' a description.' 
 A description of the changes which supervene in 
 the course of a disease. 
 
 METABOLIA, Metabasis. 
 
 METABOL'IC, MetahoV icus, from utraPoXn, 
 'change.' Appertaining to change or transfor- 
 mation. 
 
 Metabol'ic Fokce. a term employed by 
 Schwann for the power possessed by living cells 
 of changing the character of the substances 
 brought in contact with them. 
 
 METACAR'PAL, Metacarpia'nus, (P.) Meta- 
 carpien. Pi,elating or belonging to the meta- 
 carpus. 
 
 Metacarpal Arterv, Arte'ria dorsa'lis meta- 
 ear'pi, arises from the radial, at the moment it 
 engages itself in the upper extremity of the ab- 
 ductor indieis. It descends obliquely upon the 
 back of the hand. Its branches are distributed 
 to the abductor indieis, and the integuments : 
 some communieato with the dorsalis carpi. 
 
 Metacarpal Articula'tions are those by 
 which the last four metacarpal bones are united 
 together at their upper extremity. 
 
 Metacarpal Bones, or bones which compose 
 the metacarpus, are five in number ; and distin- 
 guished into first, second, third, &c., beginning 
 from the outer or radial side. They are articu- 
 lated by their superior extremity with the bones 
 of the second range of the carpus ; and by the 
 lower with the first phalanges. 
 
 Metacarpal Lig'ament, Infe'rior palmar Li g'- 
 ament, is a fibrous band, stretched transversely 
 before the inferior extremities of the last four 
 metacarpal bones, which it keeps in their respec- 
 tive positions. 
 
 Metacarpal Phalan'ges are the first pha- 
 langes of the fingers; so called, because they 
 are articulated with the bones of the metacarpus. 
 
 Metacarpal Range or row of the carpal 
 bones, (F.) RmujSe metaearpienne du carpe, is 
 the lower row of carpal bones ; so called because 
 they are articulated with the bones of the meta- 
 carpus. It is composed of the trapezium, trape- 
 zoides, magnum, and unciforme. 
 
 METACARPEUS, Abductor metacarpi minimi 
 digiti. 
 
 METACARPIEN, Metacarpal — m. du Petit 
 doigt, Opponens minimi digiti — m. du Pouee, Op- 
 ponens pollicis. 
 
 METACARPION, Metacarpus. 
 
 metacarpo-phalang^us pollicis. 
 
 Adductor pollicis nianus. 
 
 METACAR'PO-PIIALAN'GIAN, Metacarpo- 
 phalangia' 11118, Ilctacarpo-phal' angnl, (F.) Meta- 
 earpo-phalangien. Thau which belongs to the 
 metacarpus and phalanges. 
 
 METACARPO-PaALANGIAN Or MetACARPO-PhA- 
 
 lANGAL Articulations are formed by the bones 
 ef the metacarpus af..I the corresponding pha- 
 langes. In these articulations, the bony surfiices 
 oro intrusted with cartilage, covered by a syno- 
 
 vial membrane, and kept in connexion by means 
 of an anterior and two lateral ligaments. 
 
 METACARPO-PHALANGIEN LATERAL 
 SUS-PALMAIRE,^ ET 3IETACARP0-PHA- 
 LANGIEN LATERAL, Interosseus manus. 
 
 METACAR'PUS, from utra, ' after,' and car- 
 pus, 'the wrist;' Metacar' p)ion, Postbra'chia'le, 
 Postcar'piiim, Torus manus, (F.) 3Ietacarpe. The 
 part of the hand comprised between the carpus 
 and fingers. It is composed of five parallel bones, 
 called metacarpal ; forming the back of the hand, 
 externally, and the palm internally. 
 
 METACERASMA, Cerasma. 
 
 METACHEIRIXIS, Surgery. 
 
 METACHIRISIS, Surgery. 
 
 METACHIRISMUS, Surgery. 
 
 METACHORESIS, Metastasis. 
 
 METACINEMA, Metastasis. 
 
 METACINESIS, Metastasis. 
 
 METACONDYLE, see Phalanx. 
 
 METACYE'SIS, from yura, 'after,' and Kvnan, 
 'pregnancy;' Gravid' itas extra-%iteri'na secunda'- 
 ria. Extra-uterine pregnancy in which the foetus 
 is at first in the uterus, but subsequently in some 
 other place. 
 
 METADERMATO'SIS, from ficra, 'after,' and 
 Sepixa, ' skin.' A morbid development of the epi- 
 dermis or epithelium. 
 
 METAL, Metal'lum. A class of simple, com- 
 bustible bodies ; distinguished from others by 
 considerable specific gravity ; a particular splen- 
 dour; almost total opacity; insolubility in water; 
 and the property they have of ringing when 
 struck. Metals have no eiFect, except of a me- 
 chanical nature, when taken into the stomach ; 
 unless they have already undergone, or undergo 
 in the stomach, oxidation or union with an acid ; 
 when sevei-al most deleterious compounds may 
 be formed. Copper cents ; half-pence; quicksil- 
 ver; lead, have frequently been swallowed in the 
 metallic state with impunity. Tin and mercury 
 are the only metals prescribed for a mechanical 
 eifect; the former as an anthelmintic, — the lat- 
 ter, idly enough, in cases of fancied intussuscep- 
 tion. 
 
 METAL BES CLOCHES, Bell-metal. 
 
 METALLAGE, Metabasis. 
 
 METALLAXIS, Metallage. 
 
 METALLIC VOICE, Tintement metailicjue. 
 
 METALLODYN'IA, from iieTa\Xov, ' a metal,' 
 und oivvrj, 'pain.' Pain owing to the injurious 
 influence of a metal — as lead, quicksilver, <S:e. 
 
 METALLUM, Metal — m. Hamatopoieticum, 
 Ferrum. 
 
 MET AMORPHOP ' SIA , Phantasmascop ' ia , 
 PhantasmatoBcop'ia, from /itra/iop^oo), (n^Ta, and 
 Itop'Pn, 'form,) 'I transform,' and wi^, 'the eye.' 
 Snffu'sio, Suffu'sio Oculo'rum, Suffii'sin metamor- 
 pho'sis, S. Myo'des, Imagination (Maitre-Jean) ; 
 Grtipsia, Marmar'yge, Marmor'yge, Mac'vlcB ante 
 oc'ulos volitan'tes, Marau'gia, Oe'uli mavmavy- 
 go'des. False sight, (P.) Berlue. Aberration of 
 the sense of sight, which transmits the image of 
 imaginary objects. This affection sometimes de- 
 pends on a slight opacity in the transparent parts 
 of the eye; the cornea, crystalline, or vitreous 
 humour, when it is symptomatic and of no con- 
 sequence. At other times, it appears to be idio- 
 pathic; and occurs particularly in those wlio 
 have been in the habit of constantly fixing their 
 eyes on very brilliant or small bodies. The ob- 
 jects fancied to be seen are various. They are 
 sometimes circular, perpetually moving, or shin- 
 ing or black spots, cobwebs, insects, or pieces of 
 ^ood — when they are often termed Muscat voli- 
 tan'tes, {¥.) Mouches volantes, and the condition 
 
METAMORPHOSIS 
 
 559 
 
 METEOROLOGY 
 
 Visits mnsea' rum, Scotom' ata, Suffu'sio Jft/o'des, 
 Jlyiodeop'sia, 3fyodeopsia, Visits musca' rum. 
 These appearances sometimes continue for a few 
 days ; being dependent on the state of the nerves 
 of the individual at the time; or they may exist 
 for life, and ultimately impair the sight. Certain 
 of them change their position, and appear to be 
 seated in the humours of the eye, and — it has 
 been supposed — in the vitreous humour more 
 especially : hence the term entohy' aloid musccB 
 applied to them. 
 
 If the affection be symptomatic, it is of but 
 little moment. If idiopathic, and connected with 
 any excitement of the brain, which is not often 
 the case, attention will have to be paid to that 
 organ. 
 
 METAMORPHOSIS VENTRICULI GELA- 
 TINIFORMIS, Gastromalacia. 
 
 METANGISMOS, Decantaticn. 
 
 METAPEDIUM, Metatarsus. 
 
 METAPHRENON, Dorsum. 
 
 METAPHYTEIA, Transplantatio. 
 
 METAPODIUM, Metatarsus. 
 
 METAPOROPCE'IA, Metaporopoie'sis, from 
 p^ra, ' after,' ~opog, ' a pore,' and ttoulv, ' to make.' 
 The change produced in the minute pores, in the 
 capillary extremities of vessels, — when they pass 
 from the morbid to the healthy condition. — Galen. 
 
 METAPTO'SIS, Metaschematis'mus, Metasche- 
 mat'isis. Mutation, change; from ncra-ntTia, 
 {jitTa, and irtTTTuj, 'I fall,) 'I digress.' Any 
 change in the form or seat of a disease. Trans- 
 formation. 
 
 METARRHCE'A, Metar'rhysis, from mcta, 
 'change of form or place,' and p£«), 'I flow.' Re- 
 flux. The transfer of a disease from without to 
 within, or from one part to another. 
 
 METARRHYSIS, Metarrhoea. 
 
 METASCHEMATISIS, Metaptosis. 
 
 METASCHEMATISMUS, Metaptosis. 
 
 METAS'TASIS, Metachore'sis, iVetacine'tna, 
 Metacine'sis, from fiiOiarrifii, (fiera, and oratrif, 
 place,') 'I change place.' Displace'ment, Trans- 
 In'tion. A change in the seat of a disease ; at- 
 tributed, by the Humorists, to the translation of 
 the morbific matter to a part different from that 
 ■which it had previously occupied : and by the 
 Solidists, to the displacement of the irritation. 
 It has also been used in the same extensive sense 
 as Metaptosis. Disputes have often been in- 
 dulged, whether a case of metastasis ought not 
 rather to be esteemed one of extension of the dis- 
 ease. The phenomena of gout and acute rheu- 
 matism are in favour of metastasis occasionally 
 supervening. 
 
 Metastasis Lactjs, Galactoplania, Phlegma- 
 tia dolens. 
 
 METASTAT'IC, Ifetastat'ieus. Belonging or 
 relating to metastasis. A metastatic crisis is one 
 produced by metastatis; — a metastatic affection, 
 one caused by metastasis, Ac. See Abscess, me- 
 tastatic. 
 
 METASYN'CRISIS, from o-uy/cfHvu, 'I com- 
 pose,' and fiiTa, which indicates a change. Re- 
 composi"tion. A word employed by some disciples 
 of Asclepiades. This physician supposed, that 
 all animals are formed by the union or a,ssem- 
 blage of atoms. He designated all bodies by the 
 word a-vyKptuara, which signifies ' assemblage.' 
 XvyKpivta&at, ' to be assembled,' was, with him, 
 synonymous with 'to exist;' a,nd SiaKpiv£<7^ai, 'to 
 separate,' was, with him, synonymous with ' to 
 dissolve,' ' to cease to exist.' The word Metasyn- 
 crisis was invented to express the recomposition 
 of bodies after their momeniary dissolution. 
 Some have rendered the word by the Latin Ee- 
 iMt'pora'tio, 
 
 METASYNCRIT'IC, Iletasyncrit'icus, Recm - 
 porati'vus. Belonging or relating to metasyncri- 
 sis. A name formerly given to medicines to 
 which was attributed the virtue of producing the 
 metasyncrisis or regeneration of the body, or 
 some of its parts. 
 
 Metasyncritic Cycle meant a determinate 
 series of remedies emploved for this purpose. 
 
 METATAR'SAL, 3Ieiatar'seus, (F.) Metatar- 
 sien. Relating or belonging to the metatarsus. 
 
 Metatarsal Artery, j4.?-?e?-e sus-metatarsiennfi 
 of Chaussier, arises from the Arteria dorsa'Ua 
 Tarsi ; passes transversely over the back of tbo 
 foot; and furnishes, at its convexity, which is 
 anterior, three branches, called A. interos'sem 
 dorsa'les Pedis. These branches are distributed 
 in the interosseous spaces. 
 
 Metatarsal Articula'tions are those result- 
 ing from the junction of the metatarsal hones 
 with each other. They are strengthened, behind, 
 by dorsal and plantar ligaments; and be/ore, by 
 a transverse metatarsal ligament, which is plantar, 
 and has the greatest analogy to the inferior trans- 
 verse metacarpal ligament. 
 
 Metatarsal Bones, (F.) Os metatarsiens, are 
 five in number, and distinguished by their num- 
 ber ; Jirst, second, third, Ac, reckoning from the 
 outer side. 
 
 Metatarsal Phalanges, are the first pha- 
 langes of the toes ; so called because they are 
 united to the metatarsus. 
 
 Metatarsal Row^(F.) Rangee metatarsicnne 
 — of the bones of the tarsus, is the second row, 
 or that contiguous to the metatarsus ; compre- 
 hending the cuboides and three cuneiform bones : 
 some add the scaphoides. 
 
 METATARSEUS, see Abductor minimi digiti 
 pedis. 
 
 METATARSIEN, Metatarsal. 
 
 METATARSO-PHALAN'GIAN, 3fetatarso- 
 phalangia'nus, 3Ietatarso-p)halangal. Relating 
 to the metatarsus and phalanges. 
 
 Metatarso-Phalangian or Metatarso-pha- 
 LANGAL Articulations are formed by the bones 
 of the metatarsus and the corresponding pha- 
 langes. They bear the greatest analogy to the 
 metacarpo-plialangian articidaiions. 
 
 METATARSO-PHALANGIEN-LATERAL, 
 see Interossei pedis — m. Sous-phalangien trans- 
 versal du premier orteil, Transversus pedis. 
 
 METATAR'SUS, Jfetatar'simn, lletape' dium, 
 Metapo'dium, Pr<Bcor' diiim seu So' Hum pedis, 
 Vestig"inm pedis, from /leTa, ' after,' and rapc-of, 
 ' the tarsus.' That part of the foot which is situ- 
 ate between the tarsus and toes, corresponding 
 with the metacarpus. It is composed of five pa- 
 rallel bones ; one to each toe. Like the metacar- 
 pal bones, they are developed from two points of 
 ossification. 
 
 METATH'ESIS, from peraTiSriiu, {nera, and 
 Tidvixi, 'to place,') 'I change place.' Travspo- 
 sit"io. An operation, by which a morbific agent 
 is removed from one place to another, where it 
 may produce less disturbance in the exercise of 
 the functions : — as, for example, in the operation 
 of depressing cataract, or when calculus in the 
 urethra is pushed back into the bladder. Aho, 
 Derivation. 
 
 METATIO, Mensuration. 
 
 METATOC'IA, from fiera, ' change of form o? 
 place,' and tokos, 'birth.' Parturition in a pr&. 
 ternatui-al manner. Preternatural labour. 
 
 METATOPTOSIS, Diadexis. 
 
 METE^^SOMATOSUS, Incorporation. 
 
 METEORISMUS, Sublimation, Tympanites. 
 
 METEOROL'OGY, Mefcorolog"ia, from p» 
 Ttiapos, 'a meteor,' and \oyos, 'a discourse.' Tifc 
 
METER 
 
 560 
 
 METRIOPATHIA 
 
 enlence, whose object is a knowledge of tte ori- 
 gin, formation, appearance, &o. of meteors. The 
 state of the atmosphere has a most important 
 bearing upon the health of animals. The whole 
 range of epidemic affections have their causes 
 seated there. Meteorological affections have, 
 hence, ever been attended to by the physician for 
 the purpose of detecting the precise character of 
 any particular epidemic influence. The barome- 
 ter, thermometer, and hygrometer are the instru- 
 ments used with this intent — to detect, as well 
 the varying weight or pressure, and the tempera- 
 rature, as the moisture. Perhaps, of the three 
 conditions, the last exerts more influence in the 
 production of disease than either of the others. 
 Our knowledge, however, of this part of physics 
 is extremely limited and unsatisfactory. 
 
 METER, iitTQov, ' a measure,' a sufiBx to words 
 denoting ' a measure,' as in Barometer, Plexime- 
 ter, (tc. 
 
 METH^MACHTMIA, Transfusion. 
 METH^'MATA ; from ytze', ' change of form,' 
 and 'aijia, 'blood.' The capillary or intermediate 
 system of vessels in which the blood undergoes 
 the change from venous to arterial, and converse- 
 ly. — Marshall Hall. See Capillary vessels. 
 METHE, Temulentia. 
 METHEGLIN, Melizomum. 
 METHEMERINUS, Quotidian. 
 METHOD, Meth'odus, from nt ', 'with,' and 
 'oSog, ' wsij.' This word has different acceptations 
 in the sciences. In medicine, curative method, 
 meth'odus meden'di, is the methodical treatment 
 of disease. 
 
 Method op Counting, Method, numerical. 
 Method, Mariano's, see Lithotomy. 
 Method, Ncmer'ical, Method of Observation 
 or of Countiiir/, of Louis, (F.) Methode nttmerique, 
 consists in observing every case and every symp- 
 tom of a case numerically, so as to ensure, as far 
 as practicable, accuracy of observation; and to 
 enable us, by the analysis and collation of such 
 facts, to deduce general laws and conclusions. 
 Also, the application of numbers to the study of 
 disease. See Statistics, Medical. 
 
 3TETH0DE NUMERIQUE, Method, nume- 
 rical, Statistics, medical — m. Perturhatrice, Per- 
 turbatrix (Medicina.) 
 
 METHODICS, Methodists. 
 3IETH0DIQUES, Methodists. 
 METH'ODISTS, Method'ical sect, Method' ics, 
 (¥.) Methodistes, Methodiques. A sect of physi- 
 cians whose doctrine was in vogue after that of 
 the Empirics and Dogmatists, towards the end of 
 the first century. According to the Methodists, 
 of whom Themison was the chief, almost every 
 disease is dependent on contraction or relaxa- 
 tion — strietum or laxum. To these two causes, 
 they added a third — mixed or compound — to in- 
 clude those affections which partook of the two 
 characters. The doctrine, medici'na method'ica, 
 resembled, in some respects, that of Brown. 
 
 METHODOL'OGY (MEDICAL), Methodo- 
 loq'iaMed'ica, from /ttdoSog, 'method,' and Xoyo;, 
 ' a discourse.' A word used, by the French more 
 ospecitilly, to signify method applied to the study 
 of any science. Medical Methodolorjy, conse- 
 nuently, means method applied to the study of 
 medicine 
 
 METHODUS CATALEPTICA, see Cataleptic 
 — m. Celsiana, see Lithotomy — m. Curatoria, 
 'J'herapeutics. 
 
 Methodus Dehivato'ria. The deriv.ative or 
 rovellent system of treatment. 
 
 Methodus Endermat'ioa sen Enberm'ica, see 
 EaJermic — m. Franconiana, see Lithotomy — 
 
 m. Guytoniana, see Lithotomy — m. Medendi, 
 Method of cure. Therapeutics. 
 
 METHOMA'NIA, from utOri, 'drunkenness,' 
 and //avia, 'mania.' An irresistible desire for in- 
 toxicating substances. Temulentia. 
 METHYSMUS, Temulentia. 
 METHYS'TICUS, from ^^Qr,, 'drunkenness.' 
 That which causes, or pertains to, drunkenness. 
 
 METHYSTOPHYL'LUM GLAUCUM. 
 A South African plant, Nat. Orel. Amyridacea?, 
 an infusion of whose leaves is pleasant to the 
 taste, and is used in bronchitis, asthma, and other 
 thoracic diseases. With the Bushmen and others, 
 it is a favourite beverage, and is called by them 
 Boschjesmansthee, 'Bushman's tea.' It is, also, 
 chewed. 
 
 METODONTI'ASIS, from f.Era, 'in the sense 
 of change,' and obovriaan, 'dentition.' Faulty 
 development of the teeth. 
 
 METOPAGES, Symphyocephalus. 
 METOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses. 
 METOPANTRAL'GIA, from fitra-nov (jicra, 
 and a)\l/, 'the eye') 'the forehead,' avTpov, 'a ca- 
 vity,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the frontal 
 sinuses. 
 
 METOPANTRI'TIS, Inflamma'tio si'n ttnm 
 fronta'lium, from fteTonrov, 'the forehead,' avrpov, 
 'a cavity,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the frontal sinuses. 
 METOPION, Bubon galbanum. 
 METOPIUM, Mesophryon. 
 METOPODYNIA, Neuralgia frontalis. 
 METOPON, Front, Frontal bone. 
 MBTOPOS'COPY, Jie<oj5o«co;/iV(, from ^£ru!7rov, 
 'the forehead,' and oko-kciv, 'to view.' The art 
 of knowing the temperament and character of a 
 person by inspecting the traits of his forehead or 
 face. See Physiognomj'. 
 METRA, Uterus. 
 
 METR^MORRIIAGIA, ^Metrorrhagia. 
 METRAL'GIA, Mctrodyn'ia, from nrjrpa, 'the 
 womb,' and akync. 'pain.' Pain in the uterus. 
 
 METRANASTROPHE, Uterus, inversion of 
 the. 
 
 METRATRE'SIA, Imperfora'tio u'teri, from 
 unrpa 'the womb,' and arpricria, ' imperforation.' 
 An unnatural closure of the uterus. 
 
 METRATROPH'IA, from pirpa, 'the uterus,' 
 a, 'privative,' and rpoiprj, 'nourishment.' Atro- 
 phy or want of development of the uterus. 
 
 METRAUX'E, Hi/pertroph'ia seu Snrco'si^ 
 u'teri, from liirrpa, ' the uterus,' and av^rj, ' in- 
 crease.' Hypertrophy of the uterus. 
 
 METRELCO'SIS, 3Ietrhelco' sis, from fiijr/ja, 
 'the womb,' and 'iXkos, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration 
 of the uterus. 
 
 METREMPHRAX'IS, {romii>irpa, 'theuteru?,' 
 and tfi(ppacau>, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction of the 
 womb or of the vessels of the womb — hifarc'tus 
 u'teri. A name under which some authors have 
 confounded chronic inflammation of that viscus, 
 and the different degenerations to which it is 
 exposed. 
 
 METREMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
 METREN'CHYTA, Mctren'chytea, from ^nrpa, 
 'the uterus,' and £y;^ua), 'I inject.' Injection of 
 the uterus. Substances injected into the uterus 
 are called 3fefrcn'rhi/ta. 
 
 METREURYS'MA, from pLnrpa, and tvpvs, 'di- 
 lated.' A morbid dilatation of the womb. 
 METRHELCOSIS, Metrelcosis. 
 METRHYMENITIS, see Metritis. 
 METRIOPATIII'A, from furpiog, 'tempered,' 
 and TzaSog, 'affection.' State of an individual 
 whose passions are temperate. 
 
METRITIS 
 
 5(31 
 
 METROSCOPE 
 
 METTII'TIS, from nvrpa, ' the womb.' Febris 
 &teri'rni, Hysteri'tia, Empres'ma Hi/steri'tis, In- 
 jfanima'tio U'teri, iletrophlogo' sis, Inflammation 
 of the Uterus or Womh, (F.) Inflammation de la 
 vtatrice. The characteristic symptoms of this 
 affection are: — pain, swelling, and tenderness in 
 the hypogastric region ; with heat, pain, and ten- 
 derness of the OS uteri; vomiting, smallness, and 
 frequency of pulse. It occurs most frequently 
 after delivery, when there is generally suppression 
 of the lochial discharge. The treatment must he 
 vigorous, — bleeding early, so as to make a de- 
 cided impression ; followed by a full dose of 
 opium) fomentations, blisters, &c. 
 
 Acute inflammation of the womb, seated in its 
 int&^nal'me'aibva.'nQjEndo-metri' tiSjMetrliymen' itis, 
 has been called Inflamma'tio catarrJia'Us u'teri or 
 Acute catarrh, (F.) Oatarrhe aigu, of that viscus. 
 It is known by the discharge of a clear, stringy 
 fluid j)er vnginam; preceded by pains, which, 
 from the hypogastric region, shoot to the thighs, 
 groins, &c., with more or less fever. It requires 
 the antiphlogistic treatment. Chronic metritis 
 sometimes succeeds the acute. To it must be 
 referred the indurations, observed in the uterus, 
 and many of the leucorrheal discharges to which 
 females are subject. 
 
 Metritis Rheum atica, Metrorrheuma — m. 
 Septica, Metrocace — m. Venosa, see Phlebitis. 
 
 METROBLENNORRHCE A, Leucorrhcea uteri. 
 
 METROCACE, JJetri'tis sep'tica, from unrpa, 
 ' the womb,' and Kaicog, ' evil.' Putrescency or 
 gangrene of the uterus. 
 
 METROCAMPSIS, Hysteroloxia. 
 
 METROCARCINO'MA, Hysterooarcino'- 
 ma, U'teri carcino'ma, Cancer u'teri, from ixrirpa, 
 ' the uterus,' and KapKLvwjjia, ' cancer.' Cancer of 
 the uterus. 
 
 METROCELIDES, Nsevus. 
 
 METROCHOLO'SIS, from pyjTpa, 'the uterus,' 
 and ;^o>of, 'bile.' Fehris puerpera'Us hilio'sa. 
 
 METRODYNIA, Metralgia. 
 
 METROHiE'MIA, Ilypermetrohenrie, from iitj- 
 rpa, ' the uterus,' and 'aipa, ' blood.' Hypercemia 
 or congestion of blood in the uterus. 
 
 METROHEMORRHAGE, Metrorrhagia, 
 
 METROLOXIA, Hvsteroloxia. 
 
 METROMALACOMA, Hysteromalaeia. 
 
 METROMALACOSIS,qiysteromalacia. 
 
 METROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 METROPARAL'YSIS, from piirpa, < the ute- 
 rus,' and -apaXvais, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the 
 uterus. 
 
 METROPATHI'A, from /ntjrpa, 'the womb,' 
 and vaQos, ' affection.' An affection of the womb. 
 
 ME TR - PERITONITE P UERPERALE, 
 see Peritonitis. 
 
 METROPERITONI'TfS, from piirpa, ' the ute- 
 rus,' and 'peritonitis.' Influmma'tio u'teri et peri- 
 ton cei. Inflammation of the uterus and perito- 
 neum. Puerperal Fever. See Peritonitis. 
 
 METROPHLEBI'TIS,from^i7rpa, 'the uterus,' 
 tfXsxJ^, ' a vein,' and itis, denoting inflammation, 
 inflammation of the veins of the uterus. 
 
 Metrophlebitis Puerperalis, see Phlebitis. 
 
 MBTROPHLOGOSIS, Metritis. 
 
 METROPHTHI'SIS, Phthi'sis uteri'na, from 
 ijrj'pa, ' the uterus,' and 09iu), ' I consume.' Con- 
 sumption from ulceration of the uterus — Ul'cera 
 seu Helco'sis u'teri. 
 
 METROPOL'TPUS, Hys'tero-pol'ypus, Poly- 
 pus U'teri, from ptjTpa, ' the uterus,' and piolypus. 
 Polypus of the uterus. 
 
 MBTROPROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 METROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri. 
 36 
 
 METRORRHAG"IA, Metr(Bmorrlag"ia, Has. 
 morrhagia titeri'na, H. ti'teri, Sanguiflitx'xis vte- 
 ri'nus, San'guinis stillicid'ium ah U'tero, Fluor 
 uteri' ni san'guinis, Proflu'vium San'guinis ex u'te- 
 ro, IIysterorrhag"ia sangxtin'ea, Hysterorrhve'a, 
 HcBmorrhce'a uteri'na (of some), 3Ienorrhag"ia (of 
 some). Uterine Hemorrhage, Hemorrhage from the 
 Womh, Metrohemorrhage, Hcematome'tra, Ilcema- 
 toma'tra, (F.) Hemorrhagie de la Matrice, Pertes, 
 Pertes uterines rouges, P. de sang ; from ptirpa, 
 'the womb,' and prjywiti, 'I break forth.' An 
 eifusion of blood from the inner surface of the 
 uterus, either at the menstrual or other periods ; 
 but in a greater quantity than proper. Uterine 
 hemorrhage may be caused by those influences 
 which produce hemorrhage in general. It hap- 
 pens, however, more frequently during pregnancy, 
 and during or after delivery, when the vascular 
 system of the uterus is so circumstanced as to 
 favour its occurrence more than at other periods. 
 The termination of metrorrhagia is usually fa- 
 vourable. Should it, however, be very copious, 
 or frequently recur; or should it happen to a 
 great extent after delivery, death may occur very 
 speedily; and, in some cases, without the dis- 
 charge being perceptible; constituting internal 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 Uterine hemorrhage may be active or passive; 
 requiring obviously a different treatment. The 
 general management is similar to that of hemor- 
 rhage in general; — the horizontal posture; acid 
 drinks ; free admission of cool air ; cold applica- 
 tions to the loins, thighs, and abdomen ; injection 
 of cold water, even of iced water, into the vagina; 
 plugging the vagina, so as to prevent the dis- 
 charge per vaginatn, and thus induce a coagulum 
 in the mouths of the bleeding vessel. Such will 
 be the s])ecial plan adopted where the hemorrhage 
 has occurred in one not recently delivered. In 
 uterine hemorrhage after delivery, the same cool- 
 ing plan must be followed; but, as the flow of 
 blood is owing to the uterus not contracting so 
 as to constringe its vessels, pressure must be 
 made on the abdomen to aid this ; and, if neces- 
 sary, the hand must be introduced into the uterus 
 to stimulate it to contraction. Should the female 
 be excessively reduced, so as to render the accou- 
 cheur apprehensive that she may expire frcm loss 
 of blood, brandy may be exhibited. The profuse 
 exhibition of opium in such cases, is, at lea.st, a 
 doubtful plan. 
 
 Transfusion has, at times, been practised as a 
 last resource. 
 
 METRORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus U'teri, 
 Hysiercd'gia rheiimat'ica seu catarrha'lis, Metri'- 
 tis rheumat'ica, (F.) Bheumatisme de I'uterus;. 
 from prirpa, 'the womb,' and ptvpa, 'defluxion,' 
 rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the uterus. 
 
 METRORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the. 
 
 METRORRHCE'A, from p^rpa, 'the uterus, 
 and pto), ' I flow.' A protracted discharge of any 
 fluid from the uterus. 
 
 METROSCIR'RHUS, Hysteroscir'rhus, Scir- 
 rhus seu Carcino'ma u'teri, from prjTpa, ' the 
 womb,' and cKtppos, 'scirrhus.' Scirrhus of the 
 uterus. 
 
 MET'ROSCOPE, Metroscop'ium, from iir,Tpa, 
 ' the uterus,' and uKo-neoj, ' to view.' An instru- 
 ment, invented by M. Nauehe, for listening to 
 the sounds of the heart of the foetus in utero- 
 gestation, when the sounds and movements aro 
 imperceptible through the parietes of the abdo- 
 men. The extremity of the instrument — the 
 first notion of which was given to M. Nauche by 
 the stethoscope of Laennec — is introduced into 
 the vagina and applied against the neck of tbs 
 uterus. 
 
METROSIDEROS 
 
 562 
 
 SnDWIFEEY 
 
 METROSIDEROS GUMMIFERA, see Kino. 
 
 ilETROSTEEE'SIS, from ji-nrpa, 'the uterus,' 
 and arepricis, ' privation.' Extirpation of the ute- 
 rus. Want of uterus. 
 
 METROTOMIA, Csesarean section. 
 
 ilEU, ^thusa meum. 
 
 MEULIJSRE, Molar. 
 
 MEUM, JSthusa meum — m. Anethifolium, 
 iEthusa meum — m. Athamanticum, j^thusa 
 meum. 
 
 3IEVRTRISSURE, Contusion. 
 
 MEVIUM, Syphilis. 
 
 MEZEA, Genital organs. 
 
 MEZEREON, Daphne mezereum. 
 
 MIAMMA, Miasma. 
 
 MIANSIS, Miasma. 
 
 MIARIA, Miasma. 
 
 MIAS'MA, Miasm, niaafia, 'a stain,' from jiiai- 
 ru, *I contaminate.' Miam'ma, Mian'ais, Mia'ria, 
 Jfiaa'mus, Inquinamen' turn, MoJyn'ais, Conta'gium. 
 The word miasm has, by some, been employed 
 synonymously with contagion. It is now used 
 more definitely for any emanation, either from 
 the bodies of the sick, or from animal and vege- 
 table substances, or from the earth, especially in 
 marshy districts, {Harsh poison, Effln'viiim pa- 
 lus'tre, Gas palus'tre, (F.) Intoxication des Ma- 
 rais,) which may exert a morbid influence on 
 those who are exposed to its action. To these 
 terrestrial emanations — the Koino-mias'mata of 
 Dr. E. Miller, of New York — the Italians give 
 the name aria cattiva, but, more commonly, ma- 
 la' ria; a word which has been adopted into 
 other languages. The deleterious efiluvia, origi- 
 nating from the decomposition of matter derived 
 from the human body, have been called by Dr. 
 Miller, Idiomias'mata ; the epithets Koino and 
 Idio being derived respectively from koivos, 'com- 
 mon,' and litog, ' personal.' Of the miasms which 
 arise either from the animal body or from the 
 most unhealthy situations, we know, chemically, 
 nothing. All that we do know is, that, under 
 such circumstances, emanations take place, capa- 
 ble of causing disease in many of those who are 
 exposed to their action. 
 
 MIASMAT'IC, Miasmat'icus. Belonging or 
 relating to miasmata. Sauvages, in his classifi- 
 cation of diseases according to their etiology, has 
 a class under the name Morhi miasmai'ici. A 
 fever that arises from marsy miasms, is styled 
 inala'rioits, palu'dal, Helop'yra, Helopyr'etus, <tc. 
 
 MIASMUS, Miasma. 
 
 MIC^ PANIS. see Triticum. 
 
 MICATIO CORDIS, Systole. 
 
 MICHE'LIA CHAM'PACA, Champaca, Mi- 
 chelia Tsjampaea. An Oriental tree, much prized 
 for the odour and beauty of its flowers. The oily 
 infusion of the flowers is employed in the Moluc- 
 cas in headach. 
 
 MICLE'TA : A medicine used by Mesne for 
 arresting hemorrhage ; perhaps, according to 
 Siebenhaar, from the Arabic, michnata, "proved 
 by experience." 
 
 ' MICOSIS, Framboesia. 
 MICRENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum. 
 MICRENCEPHALON, Cretinism. 
 MICRENCEPIIALUM, Cerebellum. 
 MICROCEPH'ALUS, iricrocm'yiins, from 
 KtKpos, 'small,' and KcipaXij, 'head.' One who has 
 a small head. A monster having a small imper- 
 fect head, or a small imperfect cranium. 
 MICROCORIA, Myosis. 
 
 MI'CROCOSM, Microcos'mns, from /jUKpn;, 
 •little,' and Koafioi, 'world.' A little world, 
 t^ome philosophers have given this appellation to 
 man, whom they consider as the epitome of all 
 
 that is admirable in the world. The world tiey 
 call Macrocosm. 
 
 MICROCOSMETOR, Vital principle. 
 
 MICROCOSM'ICA MACHI'NA. The organ- 
 ism of man. 
 
 MiCEOCOSMicA SciENTiA, Physiology. 
 
 MicEOCosiiicuM Sal, with the ancients meant 
 the salts of the urine, — Sal uri'na. 
 
 MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA, Physiology. 
 
 MICROCOUST'IC, Microcm'ticus, from fiiKpot, 
 ' small,' and aKovu), ' I hear.' This word, as well 
 as Microj]honoits, from jiiKpos, 'small,' and (pwvrj, 
 ' voice,' means any thing that contributes to in- 
 crease the intensity of sound — as the speaking 
 trumpet — by collecting the sonorous rays. 
 
 MICROCRANIUS, Microcephalus. 
 
 MICROGLOS'SIA, from ixLicpos, 'small,' and 
 yXu)o-(ra, ' tongue.' Original smallness of tongue. 
 
 MICROLEUCONYMPH^A, Nymphsea alba. 
 
 MICRO M'ELUS, Hemim'elea, from inxpos, 
 'small,' and ixeXog, 'a limb.' A monster having 
 imperfectly developed extremities. 
 
 MICROMMATUS, Microphthalmus. 
 
 MICROPHONOUS, Microcoustic. 
 
 MICROPHTHAL'MUS, Microm'matus, from 
 l-itKpos, 'little,' and o(pSa\iJios, 'eye.' One who has 
 small ej-es. A monster with too small, or imper- 
 fectly developed eyes. A small eye, — Ophthal- 
 mid'ium, OpJtthal'niium. 
 
 MICROPODIA, Micropus. 
 
 MICROPROSO'PUS, Aproso'pus, from /ii/cpoy, 
 'small,' and -KpouMirov, 'face.' A monster in which 
 a part of the face is absent. 
 
 MI'CROPUS, from inKpos, 'small,' and ttovs, 
 'foot.' One who has small feet. The condition 
 is called Micrvpo'dia. 
 
 MICROR'CHIDES; from ^nKpoi, 'small,' and 
 opxiSt ' a testicle.' They who have very small 
 testicles. 
 
 MI'CROSCOPY, Microscop'ium ; from fiiKpoi, 
 'small,' and ctkotdj, 'a view.' Observation by the 
 microscope ; an important agency in the exami- 
 nation of the healthy and morbid tissues. 
 
 MICROSPHYC'TUS, same etymon as the 
 next. One who has a small pulse. 
 
 MICROSPHYX'IA, from /tiKpos, and ccpvynos, 
 'pulse.' Smallness or weakness of pulse. 
 
 MICROS'TOMUS; from fiiKpos, 'small,' and 
 cTOjxa, ' mouth.' One who has a small mouth. 
 
 MICROTE'SIA, Par'tium organica'rum par'- 
 vitas morbo'sa; from fxiKporrii, 'smallness.' Mor- 
 bid smallness of organic parts. 
 
 MICROTRAPEZIA, Leptotrophia. 
 
 MICROTRICH'IA; from fiiKpoi, 'small,' and 
 5pif, ' hair.' Fineness or shortness of hair. 
 
 MICROTROPIIIA, Leptotrdphia. 
 
 MICTIO, Micturition — m. Cruenta, Hasmatu- 
 ria — m. Inopportuna, Enuresis — m. Involuntaria, 
 Enuresis- — m. Sanguinea, Hsematuria. 
 
 MICTION, Micturition. 
 
 MICTURIT"ION, Mic'tio, Mictns, Ure'aia, 
 Uri'osis, Omiche'gis, (F.) Miction, from mictnrin, 
 ' I make water.' The act of making water. "Also, 
 morbid frequency of passing the water. 
 
 MICTIJS, Micturition — m. Cruenius, Hmma- 
 turia. 
 
 MIDRIFF, Diaphragm. 
 
 MIDWIFE, from mia, 'with,' and \)\V, 'wife,' 
 or, from mid, 'meed,' ' recorapcn&e,' and piV, 
 ' wife.' Matro'na, Obstet'vix, Hypcrc'tria, ilaa, 
 McBas, Mwu'trin, Aces'toris, Aces'tris, Aces'tria, 
 (F.) Sage fi-mme, Accouche use. A female who 
 praftises olistctrics. 
 
 MIDWIFERY, Obstetrics. 
 
MIEL 
 
 563 
 
 MILK 
 
 MIEL, Mel — m. d'AcStaie de Cuivre, Linimen- 
 tnm seruginis — m. Mercuriale compost, Mellitum 
 de mercurial! compositum. 
 
 MIEUTER, Accoucheur, 
 
 MIGMA, Mistura. 
 
 MIGRAINE, Hemierania. 
 
 MIGRANA, Hemierania. 
 
 MIKANIA GUACO, Guaco. 
 
 MILFOIL, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 MILIAIRE, Miliary fever. 
 
 MILIARIA, Miliary fever — m. Sudans, Mi- 
 liary fever — m. Sudatoria, Miliary fever. 
 
 MILIARIS SUDATORIA, Sudor anglicus, S. 
 picardicus. 
 
 MIL'IARY (FEVER,) Emphhj'ais milia'ria. 
 Miliaria, M. sudans, Milia'ris, M. sudato'ria, 
 Sudor, S. milia'ris, Pap'ula milia'ris, Fehris mi- 
 liaris, Exanihe'ma miliaria, Syn'oclius miliaria, 
 Aspre'do milia'cea, Febris essero'sa, F. puncticu- 
 la'ris, F. culicula' ris, F. vesicula'ris, F. lenticu- 
 la'ris, Pur'pura puerpera'riim, P. milia'ris, Fe- 
 hris purpura'te rubra et alia milia'ris, Pap'ula 
 eudo' ris, Millet-seed rash, (F.) Miliaire, 3Iillot, 
 Pourpre blanc. Millet. It is so called from the 
 ei'uption resembling the seed of the milium or 
 millet. Fever, accompanied by an eruption of 
 Bmall, red, isolated pimples, rarely confluent, but 
 almost always very numerous, slightly raised 
 above the skin, and presenting, at the end of 24 
 hours, a small vesicle filled with a white transpa- 
 rent fluid ; which quickly dries up, and separates 
 in the form of scales. Miliary fever is now rare, 
 in consequence of the cooling practice in fevers 
 ind other states of the system. It is almost 
 always brought on by external heat, and hence 
 the prevention is obvious. The treatment is 
 simple. It requires merely the antiphlogistic 
 regimen, in ordinary cases. 
 
 Miliary Granulations or Tubercles, see 
 Granulation. 
 
 MILII SEMINA, Panicum Italicum. 
 
 MILIOLUM. Diminutive oi milium, 'millet.' 
 Cenclirid' ion. A small tumour on the eyelids, 
 resembling, in size, a millet-seed. 
 
 MILITARIS HERBA, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 MILIUM, Grutum, Panicum miliaceum, see 
 Hydatid — m. Esculentum, Panicum miliaceum — 
 m. Indieum, Panicum Italicum — m. Panicum, 
 Panicum miliaceum — m. Solis, Lithospermum 
 ofiicinale. 
 
 MILK, Sax. mele, Lac, Gala, Humor lac'- 
 teus. Latex ni'veus, (F.) Lait. A fluid secreted 
 by the mammary glands of the females of the 
 mammalia. The skimmed milk of the coio, (F.) 
 Lait de Vache, contains water, caseous matter, 
 traces of butter, sugar of milk, chloride of sodium, 
 phosphate, and acetate of potass, lactic acid, lac- 
 tate of iron, and earthy phosphate. The cream 
 is formed of butter, casein, and whey, in which 
 there is sugar of milk and salts. When exa- 
 mined by the microscope, milk is seen to contain 
 a large number of particles, of irregular size and 
 shape, varying from y2T^o'o*'^ ^ soTff*^ °f ^^ 
 inch in diameter. They consist of oily matter, 
 surrounded by a delicate pellicle, and ai-e the 
 milk globules. 
 
 Cow's milk is employed for th*e preparation of 
 cream, butter, cheese, whey, sugar of milk, and 
 frangipane. It is useful in a number of cases of 
 poisoning; either by acting as a demulcent, or 
 by decomposing certain poisons, or by combining 
 with others so as to neutralize them. It is con- 
 stantly employed as aliment, and may be regarded 
 as an emulsion in which butter and casein are 
 found in suspension. When taken into the sto- 
 mach, it is coagulated by the gastric fluids, and 
 the coagulum is digested like any other solid. 
 The watery parts are absorbed. 
 
 Between milk, flour, and blood, there is great 
 similarity of composition. The following table 
 is given by Dr. Robert Dundas Thomson : 
 
 Blood. 
 Fibrin, 
 Albumen, 
 Casein, 
 Colouring 
 
 matter 
 Fat. 
 
 Milk. Flaur. 
 
 r Fibrin, 
 
 I Albumen, 
 
 Curd or Casein, -! Casein, 
 
 Gluten. 
 
 Butter Oik 
 
 ^-^- {sS, 
 
 Chloride of potassium, 
 sodium. 
 
 Phosphate of soda, 
 
 lime, 
 
 magnesia, 
 
 iron, 
 
 [ Sugar. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 From a considerable number of experiments, 
 Messrs. Deyeux and Parmentier class the six 
 kinds of milk, which they examined, according 
 to the following table, as regards the relative 
 quantity of materials they contain. 
 
 Casein. 
 
 Butter. 
 
 Sugar of 
 Milk. 
 
 Serum. 
 
 Goat 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Cow 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Cow 
 
 Goat 
 
 Woman 
 
 Ass 
 Mare 
 
 Ass 
 
 Woman 
 
 Mare 
 
 Ass 
 
 Woman 
 
 Mare 
 
 Woman 
 
 Ass 
 Mare 
 
 Cow 
 Goat 
 Sheep 
 
 Cow 
 Goat 
 Sheep 
 
 Milk Abscess, Mastodynia apostematosa — 
 m. Almond, Emulsio amygdala. 
 
 Milk and Soda Water. An agreeable mode 
 of taking milk in cases where it lies heavily on 
 the stomach. Heat, nearly to boiling, a teacup- 
 ful of milk ; dissolve in it a teaspoonful of sugar, 
 put it into a large tumbler, and pour over it two- 
 thirds of a bottle of soda icater. 
 
 Milk, Asses', (F.) Lait d'Anesse, considerably 
 resembles human milk, of which it has the con- 
 sistence, smell, and taste : but it contains a little 
 less cream, and more soft, caseous matter. It is 
 often used by those labouring under pulmonary 
 afi"ections. 
 
 Artificial Asses' Milk may be made by taking 
 gelatin §ss; dissolving it, by the aid of heat, in 
 barley water Oij ; adding refined sugar ^j ; pour- 
 ing into the mixture new milk Oj ; and beating 
 the whole with a whisk. 
 
 It may also be prepared by dissolving srigar 
 of milk gij in tepid skimmed coio's milk Oj. 
 
 Milk, Ewes', (F.) Lait de Brebis. It affords, 
 more cream than cows' milk ; but the butter is 
 softer. The easeum, on the contrary, is fatter, 
 and more viscid. It contains less serum than 
 cow's milk. The Roquefort cheeses are made 
 from it. 
 
 Milk Fever, see Fever, milk — m. Glass, 
 Breast glass — m. Globules, see Milk. 
 
 Milk, Goats', (F.) Lait de Chevre, resembles 
 cows' milk : the butyraceous matter, however 
 which enters into its composition, is more solid 
 than that of the cow. 
 
 Artificial Goats' Milk may be made by taking 
 fresh suet ^j ; cutting it into small pieces ; tying 
 it in a muslin bag, large enough to leave the 
 morsels free from compression ; and boiling in a 
 quart of cones' milk, sweetened with a quarter of 
 an ounce of white sugar candy. 
 
 Used as a diet in scrofulous cases, and also ia 
 phthisis. 
 
MILKY 
 
 564 
 
 Mli^T 
 
 Milk, HrwAX, (F.) Lait de femme, — contains 
 more sugar, milk, and cream, and less caseum, 
 than cows' milk. Its composition differs accord- 
 ing to the distance of time from delivery. 
 
 Milk Knot, Galaeto-rjan'fjlion ; (F.) Ganglion 
 laiteiix. The knots often observed in the breast 
 after inflammation of the organ, or for some time 
 after the suppression of the secretion. They ge- 
 nerally end by resolution. 
 
 Milk Leg, Phlegmatia dolens — m. Males', 
 Sperm. 
 
 Milk, Makes', (F.) Lait de Jument, — contains 
 enly a small quantity of fluid butyraceous matter; 
 \ little caseum, softer than that of cows' milk, and 
 nore serum. 
 Milk Scall, Porrigo larvalis. 
 Milk Sickness, Sick stomach, Swamp siclcness, 
 Tires, Slows, Stiff joints, Puking fever. River 
 sickness. A disease occasionally observed in the 
 Etates of Alabama, Indiana, and Kentucky, which 
 affects both man and cattle, but chiefly the latter. 
 It is attributed in cattle to something eaten or 
 drunk by them ; and in man to the eating of the 
 llesh of animals labouring under the disease. 
 Owing to the tremors that characterize it in ani- 
 mals, it is called the Trembles, It is endemic. 
 
 The sj'mptoms of the disease are such as are 
 produced by the acro-narcotic class of poisons — 
 vomiting, purging, extreme nervous agitation, 
 &c. : and the approved indications of treatment 
 appear to be — gentle emetics and laxatives, with 
 quiet, and mucilaginous drinks. 
 
 Milk, Snakes', Euphorbia corollata — m. Spots, 
 Strophulus — m. Stone, Morochthus — m. Sugar of. 
 Sugar of milk — m. of Sulphur, Sulphur pra3cipi- 
 tatum — m. Sweet, Galium verum — m. Teeth, see 
 Dentition — m. Thrush, Aphthae — m. Vetch, As- 
 tragalus verus — m. Vetch, stemless. Astragalus 
 er?capus — m. "Weed, Apocynum androssemifo- 
 li-ja, Asclepias Syriaca, Euphorbia corollata — 
 m. Weed, long-leaved, green, Acerates longifolia 
 — m. Weed, smooth, Asclepias Sullivantii — m. 
 \V )rt, bitter, Polygala amara — m. Wort, common, 
 PiJygala — m. Wort, dwarf, Polygala paucifolia 
 — m. Wort, rattlesnake, Polygala. 
 
 MILKY. Lactic. 
 
 MILL MOUNTAIlSr, Linum catharticum. 
 
 MILLEFEUILLE, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 MILLEFOLIUM, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 nilLLEMORBIA SCROPHULAEIA, Scro- 
 phdlaria nodosa. 
 
 MILLEPEDES, Onisci aselli. 
 
 3IILLEPERTUIS OEDINAIEE, Hyperi- 
 cum perforatum. 
 
 MILLET, Aphthae, Miliary fever— m. Barba- 
 does, Panicum Italicum — m. Common, Panicum 
 miliaceum — m. Indian, Panicum Italicum — m. 
 des Oiseaux, Panicum Italicum — m. Ordinaire, 
 Panicum miliaceum. 
 ■ MILLET-SEED RASH, Miliary fever. 
 
 MILLIGRAMME, from mille, 'a thousand,' 
 and yoajxixa, 'a gramme.' The thousandth part 
 of a gramme ; — about 0.0154 Troy grain. 
 
 MILLIGRANA, Herniaria glabra. 
 
 MILLIMETRE, Millim'eter, from mille, 'a 
 thoxj;and,' and nerpov, 'measure.' The thou- 
 Banr.th part of the metre; — equal to 0.03937 
 English inch, or about two-fifths of a line. 
 • MIL LOT. Miliary fever. 
 
 MILPH^E, Madarosis. 
 
 MILPHOSIS, Madarosis. 
 
 MILT-LIKE TUMOUR, Encephaloid. 
 
 MILTUS, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 
 MILTWASTE. Asplenium 
 
 MIMOSA CATECHU, Catechu — m. Cochlia- 
 carija, see Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis — m. 
 Leucophlea, see Spirit ( Arrack) — m. Nilotica, see 
 
 Acaciae gummi — m. Scandens, Ca 'hang-parang 
 — m. Senegal, see Senegal, gum — m. Virginalis, 
 see Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis. 
 
 MIND, ABSEXCE OF, Aphelxia socors — m. 
 Abstraction of, Aphelxia intenta — m. Unsound, 
 Insanity. 
 
 MIXERALIUM, Antimonium. 
 
 MINER'S ELBOW. An enlargement of a 
 bursa over the olecranon, occurring in such as 
 are in the habit of leaning much upon it; and, 
 therefore, often seen in those who work on the 
 side in low-roofed mines. 
 
 MINIM'ETER; badly compounded from mi- 
 nimum and litrpov, 'measure.' An instrument for 
 measuring minims, invented by Mr. Alsop. It 
 consists of a glass tube, graduated from the co- 
 nical point into minims ; and having a piston, by 
 the elevation of which, fluid may be drawn into 
 the tube, and by its depression be forced from it. 
 
 MIX'IMUM, a minim, 'the least part or por- 
 tion.' The 60th part of a fiuidrachm. This 
 measure has been introduced by the London Col- 
 lege of Physicians, in consequence of the uncer- 
 tainty of the size of the drop, (see Gutta.) The 
 subdivision of the wine pint has, accordingly, 
 been extended to the 60th part of the fiuidrachm ; 
 and glass measures, called "minim-measures," 
 have been adopted by the London College. The 
 proportion between the minims and the drops of 
 various fluid preparations is exhibited in the fol- 
 lowing table. The results were obtained by Mr. 
 Durand, a skilful 2>7iarmacien of Philadelphia, 
 under circumstances, as regards the different ar- 
 ticles, as nearly identical as possible. 
 
 Table of the Number op Deops of biffekent 
 Liquids equivalent to a Fluidrachm. 
 
 Acid Acetic, crystallizable 120 
 
 Acid Hydrocyanic (medicinal) 45 
 
 Muriatic 54 
 
 Nitric 84 
 
 diluted (1 to 7) 51 
 
 Sulphuric 90 
 
 aromatic 120 
 
 diluted (1 to 7) ' 51 
 
 Alcohol (rectified Spirit) 138 
 
 Alcohol, diluted (proof Spirit) 120 
 
 Arsenite of Potassa, solution of. 57 
 
 Ether, Sulphuric 150 
 
 Oils of Aniseed, Cinnamon, Cloves, Pepper- 
 mint, Sweet Almonds, Olives 120 
 
 Tinctures of Asafoetida, Foxglove, Guaiac, 
 
 Opium, 120 
 
 Tincture of Chloride of Iron 132 
 
 Vinegar, distilled 78 
 
 of Colchicum 78 
 
 of Opium (black drop) 78 
 
 of Squill. 78 
 
 Water, distilled 45 
 
 Water of Ammonia (strong) 54 
 
 Do do. (weak). 45 
 
 Wine (Teneriffe) 78 
 
 Antimonial 72 
 
 of Colchicum 75 
 
 of Opium 78 
 
 MINISTER GYMNASTS, Paedotribes. 
 
 MINITHOSIS, Meiosis. 
 
 MINIUM, Plumbi oxydum rubrum — m. Grw- 
 corum, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum — m. 
 Purum, Hydrargvri sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 MINOR HEL'ICIS. A muscle situate on the 
 posterior border of the helix of the ear, at its 
 commencement in the fossa of the concha. 
 
 MINORATFV' US, Laxative. 
 
 MINT, COCK, Tanacetum balsamita — m. 
 Curled, Mentha crispa — ra. Cat, Nepeta — m. 
 Horse, Monarda cocciuea and M. punctata — in. 
 
MIKUTHESIS 
 
 565 
 
 MITHRIDATE 
 
 Horse, hairy, Blephilia hirsuta — m. Horse, Ohio, 
 Blephilia hirsuta — m. Horse, sweet, Cunila Ma- 
 riana — m. Hyssop-leaved, Mentha cervina. 
 
 Mint Julep. A drink, consisting of brandy, 
 sugar, and pounded ice, flavoured by sprigs of 
 mint. It is an agreeable alcoholic excitant. 
 
 Mint, Mountain, Monarda coccinea — m. Moun- 
 tain, common, Pycnanthemum incanum — m. Pep- 
 per, Mentha piperita — m. Spear, Mentha viridis 
 — m. Squaw, Hedeoma — m. Stone, Cunila Mari- 
 ana — m. Water, Mentha aquatica. 
 
 MINUTHESIS, Meiosis. 
 
 MINYANTHES, Menyanthes. 
 
 MIOSIS, Meiosis. 
 
 MIROCELE, Merocele. 
 
 MISADIR, Ammonite murias. 
 
 MISANTHRO'PIA, dHsan'thropij, Exanthro'- 
 pia, Phygaiithro' pia, from fiiaog, ' hatred,' and 
 avSpujTos, 'man.' Aversion to man and society; — 
 a symptom of melancholy, and hypochondriasis. 
 
 MISCARRIAGE, Abortion. 
 
 MISERERE MEI, Ileus. 
 
 MISHME TEETA, Coptis teeta. 
 
 MISMAR, Mesemar. A name given by Avi- 
 cenna to a kind of nodus, which forms on the 
 toes as the sequel of contusion or inflammation 
 of those parts. 
 
 MISOPTO'CHUS, from //t<rof, 'hatred,' and 
 ■nT<x)-)(oi, 'poor.' That which has hatred for the 
 poor. The gout has been so called by some, be- 
 cause it commonly affects the rich. 
 
 MISSADAN, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 MISSIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting. 
 
 MISTIO, Mistura. 
 
 MISTLETOE, Viscum album— m. Yellowish, 
 Viscum flavescens. 
 
 MISTU'RA, iligma, Mis'tio, Mix'tio, Mixtu'ra, 
 a mixture ; from miscere, mixtum, 'to mix.' A 
 mingled compound, in which different ingredients 
 are contained in the fluid state ; suspended or not 
 by means of mucilaginous or saccharine matter. 
 In this sense, it is synonymous with the French 
 Potion. In France, however, the word mixture 
 is more frequently understood to mean a liquid 
 medicine, which contains very active substances, 
 and can only be administered by drops. A mix- 
 ture, in other words, in the French sense, may be 
 regarded as a potion deprived of watery vehicle. 
 
 MISTURA, (S.) A fragrant yellow-coloured 
 water, used as a perfume by the ladies of Peru. 
 It is prepared from gillyflower, jasmine, and y?or 
 de mistela (Talinum umbellatum). See Campo- 
 manesia lineatifolia. 
 
 Mistura Ac"idi Hydroctan'ici, Mixture of 
 Prussie acid, Melange pectoral (Magendie). (i/e- 
 dieinal prussie acid, ^j, distilled water, §xiv, 
 pure sugar, §iss.) A dessert-spoonful every 
 morning and evening, as a pectoral, &c. 
 
 Mistura Ammoni'aci, Lac ammoniaci. Mixture 
 of ammoniac. {Ammoniac, ^ij, aqucB Oss. Rub 
 the ammoniacum : adding the water gradually 
 until they are perfectly mixed.) Dose, f^ss to ^j. 
 
 Mistura AMYGUALiB, Emulsio amygdalae. 
 
 Mistura Asafce'tid^, Lac asafoetida, Emul- 
 eio antihyster'iea, Mixture of asafoetida, (F.) Lait 
 d'asafoetida. {Asafoetida ^ij; aqucB. Oss. Rub 
 together, adding the water by degrees.) Used 
 where pills cannot be swallowed, and as a glyster 
 In irritations during dentition, and in ascarides. 
 Dose, f^ss to f^iss. 
 
 Mistura Asafcetidje pro Clysmate, Enema 
 fcetidum. 
 
 Mistura Cam'phorje, Aqua camphora (Ph. U. 
 S.), Camphor mixture, Camphor julep, Mistura 
 camphora'ta, Jula'pitiin e camphord seu campho- 
 ratum, (F.) Jidei) camphre. [Camphor, ^Jij, (al- 
 cohol, Tri^xl, magnes. curb, ^iv, aqncB Oij. Rub 
 the camphor with the alcohol, and afterwards 
 
 with the magnesia, add the water, and filter t 
 Virtues like those of camphor. See Emuls^j 
 camphorae. 
 
 Mistura Cornu Usti, Decoo'tum Mrnu cervi'ni, 
 Decoc'tum album, Decoction of burnt hartshorn, 
 Mixture of burnt hartshorn. (Oornuum ust. ^ij, 
 acacitB gum. cent, ^j, aquas Oiij. Boil to Oij, 
 constantly stirring, and strain. Ph. L.) 
 
 Mistura Cret^, Potio carbona'tis calcis, Mis- 
 tura creta'cea, Mucila'go cretica. Chalk mixture, 
 Creta'ceous mixture, (F.) Mixture de Craie. 
 {CretcB pp. ^ss, sacchar., acacice gum. in pulv., 
 aa ^\], aqua cinnam., aqua, aa f^iv. Mix. Ph. 
 U. S.) Antacid and absorbent. Dose, f^j to §ij. 
 
 Mistura Diabol'ica. A mixture under this 
 name is kept in military hospitals for malin- 
 gerers. It is made of sundry nauseous ingre- 
 dients, as aloes, asafoetida, castor, &c., and is 
 given so as to keep up a disagreeable impression 
 on the gustatory nerves. 
 
 Mistura Emeti'n^ Vomito'ria, Emetic mix- 
 ture of emetine. (Emetine 4 gr., orange flower 
 water ^ij, syrup ^ss; M.) A dessert-spoonful 
 every half hour till it acts. 
 
 Mistura Ferri Compos'ita, Compound mix- 
 ture of iron, (F.) Mixture de fer composee, Grif- 
 fith's mixture. [Myrrh cont. ^ji potassa carb, 
 gr. XXV, aqua rosa f^viiss, ferri sidpih. in pulv. 
 Qj, sp. lavand. ^ss, sacchar. ^j. Rub together 
 the myrrh, subcarbonate of potassa, and sugar ; 
 then add, while triturating, the rose-water, spirit 
 of nutmeg; and, lastly, the sulphate of iron. 
 Pour the mixture directly into a glass bottle, and 
 stop it close. Ph. U. S.) It is tonic and emme- 
 nagogue, and is useful wherever iron is indicated. 
 
 Mistura Glycyrrhi'ZjE Compos'ita, Com- 
 pound mixture of Liq'uorice, Brown Mixture. 
 [Extract. Glycyrrhiz. pulv.. Acacia pulv., Sac- 
 char., aa §ss; Tinct. opii camphorat. f^ij ; Vin. 
 antimon. f 5J ; Spirit, ather. nitric, f^ss; Aqua 
 fgxij. Rub the liquorice, gum arable, and sugar 
 with the water, gradually poured upon them ; 
 add the other ingredients and mix. Ph. U, S.) 
 A popular cough medicine, but not deserving of 
 being made officinal. Dose, a tablespoonful or 
 fgss. 
 
 Mistura Guai'aci, Mixture of guai'ac, Lao 
 guaiaci, Emtd'sio guaiaci'na, Mistura guaiaci 
 gummo'sa, M. gumnii gua'iaci Bergcri, Solu'tio 
 guaiaci gummo'sa, S. resi'na guaiaci aquo'sa, 
 (F.) Mixture de Guyac. [Guaiac. g. resin. ^\as, 
 sacch. pur. ^ij, muc. acacia gum. ^ij, aq. cinnam. 
 f^viij. Rub the guaiacum with the sugar; then 
 with the mucilage. Add, gradually, the cinna- 
 mon water. Ph. L.) Dose, fgss to fgij. 
 
 Mistura Gummi Guaiaci Bergeri, Mistura 
 Guaiaci — m. Leniens, Looch ex ovo. 
 
 Mistura Moschi, J/us/c mixture, Mistura mos- 
 cha'ta. [Moschi, acacia gum. contus., sacch. pu- 
 rif, sing, ^j, aq. rosa f^vj. Rub the musk with 
 the sugar; add the gum, and, by degrees, the 
 rose-water. Ph. L.) Dose, f^ss to f^ij. 
 
 Mistura Stryor'nIjE, Jlixture of strych'nia. 
 [Distilled leater, ^ij, very pure strychhia, 1 gr., 
 white sugar, gij ; M.) Dose, a dessert-spoonful. 
 
 Mistura Sulphurico-acida, Elixir acidum 
 Halleri — m. Vulneraria acida — Arque busade, 
 Eau d'. 
 
 MITCHEL'LA REPENS, Partridge berry. 
 A pretty little indigenous trailing evergreen, of 
 the Cinchona family — Cinchoneae, — which flow- 
 ers from June to July. It has been considered 
 an expectorant, emmenagogue, and diuretic ; and 
 has been prescribed in dropsy and gout. 
 
 MITELLA, Sling. 
 
 MITH'RIDATE, Mithrida'tium, Mithridai'- 
 icum medicamen'tum, Anfid'otum J^Iithrida'tiwm, 
 Diaacin'ci antid'otus, Confec'tio Damoc' ratia. A 
 
MITHRIDATICUM 
 
 566 
 
 MOPFAT 
 
 «rery compound electuary, into which entered — 
 Myrrh of Arabia, Saffron, Agaric, Ginger, Cinna- 
 mon, Frankincense, Garlic, Mustard, Birthwort, 
 Galhamim, Castor, Long pepper, Opoponax, Bdel- 
 lium, Gum Arabic, Opium, Gentian, Orris, Saga- 
 penum. Valerian, Acacia, Hyjyericum, Canary 
 ioine, Honey, &c. It was invented by Mithrida- 
 tes, king of Pontus and Bithynia, and was for- 
 merly regarded as alexipharmic. It is little used 
 at the present day, and, from its heterogeneous 
 nature, should be wholly abandoned. 
 
 MITHRIDATICUM MEDICAMENTUM,Mi- 
 thridate. 
 
 MITIGANS, Lenitive. 
 
 MITRA HIPPOCRATICA, Bonnet d'Eippo- 
 crate. 
 
 MITRAL, ilitra'lis. Having the form of a 
 mitre ; resembling a bishop's mitre. 
 
 Mitral Valves, Val'vula mitra'les, V. Cordis 
 mitra'les, V. ejiiscopa'les, V. hicuspida'les. Two 
 triangular valves at the opening of communi- 
 cation between the left auricle of the heart and 
 the' corresponding ventricle. These valves are 
 formed by the inner membrane of the left cavi- 
 ties of the heart; and are retained on the side t)f 
 the ventricle by tendinous cords, proceeding from 
 the columnae carnese. They form a species of 
 valve, which permit the blood to pass from the 
 auricle into the ventricle and oppose its return. 
 MITRIUM, Sling. 
 
 MITTE (F.), Efflu'vium Latrina'rium. An 
 emanation exhaled from privies, which strongly 
 irritates the eyes. It consists of ammonia, united 
 to the carbonic and hydro-sulphuric acids. 
 MIUAMARU, see Arrow poison. 
 MIXIS, Coition. 
 MIXTIO, Mistura. 
 MIXTURA, Mistura. 
 
 MIXTURE, Mistura — m. of Ammoniac, Mis- 
 tura ammoniaci — m. of Asafoetida, Mistura asa- 
 foetidae — m. Brown, Mistura glycyrrhizse compo- 
 sita — m. Calmante, Looch ex ovo — m. Camphor, 
 Mistura camphorae — m. Chalk, Mistura cretas — 
 VI. de Craie, Mistura cretse — m. Cretaceous, Mis- 
 tura cretSB — m. of Emetine, emetic, Mistura eme- 
 tinse vomitoria — m. de Fer composee, Mistura ferri 
 composita — m. de Gayac, Mistura Guaiaci — m. 
 Griffith's, Mistura ferri composita — m. of Guaiac, 
 Mistura Guaiaci — m. of Hartshorn, burnt, Mis- 
 tura comu usti — m. of Iron, compound, Mistura 
 ferri composita. 
 
 Mixture, Hope's. A mixture recommended 
 by Mr. Hope, in diarrhoea and dysentery. It is 
 essentially a nitrate of morphia. Although the 
 proposer employed the acidum nitrosum of the 
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, nitric acid is gene- 
 rally used. {Acid, nitres, i^j ; Acjucb camphor. 
 f^viij; Tinct. opii gtt. xl. ; M.) Dose, a fourth 
 part every three or four hours. 
 
 Mixture of Liquorice, Compound, Mistura 
 glycyrrhizaB composita. 
 
 Mixture, Musk, Mistura moschi — m. Neutral, 
 Liquor potass* citratis — m. of Prussic acid, Mis- 
 tura acidi hydrocyanici. 
 
 Mixture, Scudamore's. A mixture recom- 
 mended by Sir C. Scudamore in gouty and rheu- 
 matic affections, and much prescribed in the 
 United States. Magnes. sulph, §j — 5^5 ■^1^<b 
 menthcB f^x ; Aceti cnlchie. f^j — f^iss; Syrup 
 croci f5J ; ilagnes. ^viij. M. Dose, one, two, or 
 three tablespoonfuls, repeated every two hours in 
 ;i paroxysm of gout, until from four to six evacu- 
 ations are produced in the twenty four hours. 
 Mixture op Strychnia, Mistura strychniae. 
 MNEME, Memory. 
 
 Mneme Cephal'icum Bal'samum. a very 
 eonipuand medicine, into which entered Balm, 
 
 Lily, Rosemary, Lavender, Borage, Broom, Scsea, 
 Violet, Saffron, Thyme, Storax, Galhaniim, &C. 
 MNEMONEUTICE, Mnemonics. 
 MNEMON'ICS, Mnemon'ice, Mnemoneu'tice, 
 from jivaofiai, ' I recollect.' The art of aiding the 
 memory by signs ; and of forming, in some sort, 
 an artificial memory. 
 
 MOANING, from Sax. maenan, 'to grieve.' 
 Eespira'tio luctuo'sa, Mychthis'mos. A plaintive 
 respiration, in which the patient utters audible 
 groans — moans, (F.) Gemissemens. 
 
 MOBILE, see Saint Augustine. 
 
 MOBIL'ITY, J/o6!;7'i>rt«, from moh'ilis, contrac- 
 tion ot movibilis, 'that can be moved.' The power 
 of being moved. In pihysiology, great nervous 
 susceptibility, often joined to a disposition to con- 
 vulsion. Greatly developed excitability. 
 
 MOCCASIN FLOWER, Cypripedium acaule, 
 C. luteum. 
 
 MOCH'LIA. Reduction of a luxated bone; 
 from no'x)<os, a lever. 
 
 MOCHLICUS, Purgative. 
 
 MOCHLISCUS, Lever. 
 
 MOCHLUS, Lever. 
 
 MOCHTHUS, Agony. 
 
 MOCK-KNEES, Crusta genu equina. 
 
 MODELLING PROCESS. A term proposed 
 by Dr. Macartney, of Dublin, to signify the mode 
 in which wounds are healed without inflamma- 
 tion or suppuration, by a deposite of plastic 
 matter from the surface of the wound, by which 
 the gap is more rapidly filled, — portion being laid 
 upon portion, without waste, after the manner of 
 clay in the hands of the sculptor: — hence the 
 term. 
 
 MODI'OLUS, 'the nave of a wheel.' Pyr'a- 
 mis seu Axis coch'lea. A hollow cone in the 
 cochlea of the ear, forming a nucleus, axis, or 
 central pillar, round which the gyri of the coch- 
 lea pass. The modiolus forms the inner and 
 larger portion of the central pillar, and is the 
 cavity seen at the bottom of the meatus audito- 
 rius internus. It lodges a branch of the auditory 
 nerve. The central portion of the modiolus con- 
 tains a number of minute canals, and is called in 
 consequence Tractiis spira' lis foraminulo' sus. 
 Into these the nerves of the cochlea enter, and 
 pass out at right angles between the bony plates 
 forming the zona ossea of the lamina spiralis, to 
 be expanded on the membranous portion of the 
 lamina. 
 
 Modiolus, Mas, also means the crown of the 
 trepan. 
 
 MO'DIUS. A dry measure, the third of an 
 amphora, equal to the bushel. — Varro. 
 
 MODUS OPERAN'DI, 'mode of operating.' 
 This term is applied to the general principles 
 upon which remedies act in morbid states of the 
 body; — a subject of much interest, although in- 
 volved in considerable obscurity. 
 
 The following classification will convey some 
 idea of the ways in which different organs may 
 be excited into action. 
 
 1. By actual or immediate contact of the remedy, and 
 by absorption or mediate contact. 
 
 2. By an impulse conveyed by the nerves, throueh an 
 impression marie on the stomach or elsewhere. 
 
 3. By contiffuous or continuous sympathy, or by mere 
 proximity or continuity of pans. 
 
 MOELLE, Marrow — m. Allovgee, Medulla ob- 
 longata — m. Epiniere, Medulla spinalis — m. Ver~ 
 tehrale, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 MOENIA DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium. 
 
 MCEROR, Athymia. 
 
 MOFETTE, see Mephitism. 
 
 MOFFAT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Moffat 
 
MOaiGRAPHIA 
 
 567 
 
 MOLLITIES 
 
 is a village situate about 56 miles S. TV. of Edin- 
 burgli. The water is a cold sulphureous ; con- 
 taining, in a wine gallon, 36 grains of chloride of 
 sodium, 5 cubic inches of carbonic gas, 4 of azote, 
 and 10 of sulphohydric acid. It resembles Har- 
 rowgate water in its properties. 
 
 A strong chalybeate spring was discovered 
 there about the year 182S, which contains sesqui- 
 sulphate of peroxide of iron, sulphate of alumina, 
 and uncombined sulphuric acid. 
 
 MOGIGRAPHIA, Cramp, writers'. 
 
 MOGILA'LIA, Parala'lia, from noytg, 'with 
 difficulty,' and \a\uv, 'to speak.' This word is 
 inaccurately written by Paul Zacchias, — 3Iola'lia, 
 and Molila'lia. Difficult or defective articulation. 
 Impediment of speech. See Balbuties. 
 
 MOGOSTOCIA, Dystocia, Laborious labour. 
 
 MOGUS, Agony. 
 
 MOHAWK TASSEL, Eupatorium purpureum. 
 
 MOHRIA THURIF'RAGA. A South African 
 fern, Nat. Ord. Filices, the dry leaves of which, 
 pulverized and made into an ointment with fat, 
 are serviceable in burns and scalds. 
 
 MOIGNON, Stump. 
 
 MOIS, Jlenses. 
 
 MOISTURE, ITndor, (F.) Mottevr, anciently 
 moisteiir. Simple humidity of the skin. The skin 
 is said to be moist or in a state of moisture, when 
 there is slight perspiration. 
 
 3101 TEUR, Moisture. 
 
 MOLA, Maxillary bone, Molar tooth, Mole, 
 Patella." 
 
 MOLAGOCODI, Piper nigrum. 
 
 MO L AIRE, Molar. 
 
 MOLALIA, Mogilalia. 
 
 MOLAR, Ifola'ris, 3Iy'licus, (F.) 3folaire, 3feu- 
 lih-c. That which bruises or grinds ; from mala- 
 ria, ' a grindstone,' or mola, ' a millstone.' 
 
 Molar Glands. Two small bodies formed by 
 a collection of mucous crypts ; seated in the sub- 
 stanc-e of the cheeks, between the masseter and 
 bueeinator muscles, and whose excretory ducts 
 open into the mouth opposite the last molar tooth. 
 
 Molar Teeth, Grinders, Jaw Teeth, 3[ola'res 
 permanen'tes denies, Denies molares seu mascilla'- 
 res seu gom'phii seu clava'les, 3IoIcb, Gomphioi, 
 Jly'lacri, ily'lodontes, 3[y'lodi, 3/oniis'ci, (F.) 
 Dents molaires ou mdchelieres, occupy the farther 
 part of each alveolar arch. Their coronas are 
 broader than they are high : unequal, tubercu- 
 lated ; and the roots are more or less subdivided. 
 They are 20 in number, 10 in each jaw. The first 
 two pairs of molar teeth in each jaw have been 
 called lesser molares or bicuspid. Denies bicuspi- 
 da'ti. The coronae have two tubercles ; the outer 
 being more prominent and larger than the inner. 
 The root is commonly simple ; sometimes bifur- 
 ■ cated. The other three pairs have been termed, 
 G-reat molares — Denis multieuspidees (Ch.) Their 
 coronas are cubical, rounded, and have, at the 
 upper surface, four or five tubercles, separated by 
 deep furrows. The root is divided into two, 
 three, four, and &ve fancfs, which are more or less 
 curved. The third great molaris appears a long 
 time after the others, and hence has been called 
 Dens sapien'tim or Wisdom, tooth. 
 
 MOLASSES, Melasses. 
 
 MOLE, 3Iola, from moles, 'mass.' 3lyle, Ze- 
 phyr' iua foetus, Germen falsum, Pseudocye'sis mo- 
 laris, Gravid'itas molaris, 3Iooncalf, old French, 
 Fardean. A fleshy, insensible, at times, soft — at 
 others, hard — mass ; of variable and determinate 
 size, which forms in the uterus, and is slightly 
 united by vessels to that organ ; from which its 
 feeble vitality is derived. It has been conceived 
 by some to be always owing to imperfect concep- 
 tion; but moles may form ia the undoubted vir- 
 
 gin. They seem to be owing to a morbid pro- 
 cess ; and certainly are generally connected with 
 conception. At times, they contain parts of the 
 foetus ; but commonly do not. At very dilierent 
 periods, in difierent women, the diseased mass is 
 expelled from the uterus, with ordinary sj-mp- 
 toms of abortion ; and the case i-equires similar 
 management. See, also, Nasvus and Conception, 
 (false.) 
 
 MOLE PLANT, Euphorbia lathvris. 
 
 MOLECULAR, 3/olecula'ris. Of or belong- 
 ing to molecules or minute portions of any thing. 
 Hence molecular death, in contradistinction to 
 somatic death. 
 
 MOL'ECULE, 3Iolec'idri, 3[ass'ula; diminu- 
 tive of moles, ' a mass.' A minute portion of any 
 body. Also, the cicatric' ula, ma'cula, gallatu'ra, 
 gelat' inous molecule, tread of the cock, or embryo 
 part of the impregnated ovum, observable by the 
 microscope before the ovum has left the ovarium 
 of the hen. It lies under the epidermic coats of 
 the yelk, and upon its proper coat. If the ovum, 
 according to Valentin, be lacerated and its con- 
 tents minutely examined, the cicatricula is found 
 like a grayish white disk, which in its whole pe- 
 riphery is dense, granulous, and opake ; but in 
 the centre presents a clear, nongranulous, and 
 perfectly diaphanous point. Purkinje found, that 
 when he removed the darlt granulous mass by 
 suction with a small tube, there remained a per- 
 fectly transparent vesicle filled with a pellucid 
 lymph, which had a decidedly spherical form, 
 but, being extremely delicate, was easily lacera- 
 ted, and then its fluid escaped. As he found this, 
 which later naturalists have named — after its dis- 
 coverer — the Purkin'jean ves'icle, in tlie ova of the 
 ovary, but could not see it in ova, which had al- 
 ready entered the oviduct, he gave it the name 
 germinal vesicle, vesic'ula prolif'era seu gerinina- 
 ti'va, (F.) Vesicule germinative. Besides a per- 
 fectly colourless fluid, this contains one or mora 
 dark corpuscles, which appear as a nucleus 
 through the including membrane in the shape of 
 opake spots — the germinal S2}ot,macti'la germani- 
 ti'va seu ger'minans, nu'cleus germuniii'vus, (F.) 
 Tache germinative. The granulous membrane — 
 its thickened portion, the so called ' cicatricula,' 
 — and the germinal vesicle, constitute those parts 
 of the ovum which pass immediately into the 
 original foundation of the embryo, the hlastoder- 
 ma or germinal membrane, vesic'ula hlastodermat' - 
 ica, blastoder'mic vesicle. 
 
 Molecule, Gelatinous, Molecule. 
 
 3I0LENE, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 MOLES GANGLIFORMIS, Ganglion of 
 
 MOLIBDUS, Plumbum. 
 
 MOLILALIA, Mogilalia. 
 
 MOLI'MEN, pL MoLiMiNA, from molior, 'to 
 move or stir.' An attempt, a struggle. Hence : 
 
 MoLiMEN Crit'icum. An impulsion towards 
 a sudden solution or crisis of a disease. 
 
 MoLiMEN H^morrhag"icum. The hemor- 
 rhagic diathesis or impulsion. 
 
 MoLiMEN H^morrhoida'le. The hemorrh(ji. 
 dal diathesis or impulsion. See Hsemorrhois. 
 
 MoLiMEN Menstrua'lb. The menstrual dia- 
 thesis or impulsion. 
 
 MoLiMEN Nature Salutarium, Instinct. 
 
 MOLLESCENCE, Mollities. 
 
 3I0LLET. Sura. 
 
 MOLLIPUFFS, Lycoperdon. 
 
 MOLLIS MATER, Pia mater. 
 
 lS'i.0lAjlT'TE^,3folles'cence, 3falacis'mns, 3Jo^ 
 lit"ia, 3follitu'do, Emollii"ies, Emolliiies morho'- 
 sn, 3Iollitio, 3falax'is, 3folaco'sis, 3lnJthax'ia, 
 (F.) Eamollissement ; (G.) Malakien (Fuehs) ; 
 
MOLLITIO 
 
 568 
 
 MONGOLIAN 
 
 from mollis, ' soft.' Preternatural softness of an 
 organ or part of an organ. 
 
 MoLLiTiES Cer'ebri, Malaco' sis Cer'ehri, En- 
 ceplialoriiala' cia, Encephalomalax' is, Necrenceph' - 
 alas (W. Farr,) Cerebromala' cia, EiicepTialoaep'- 
 S!S, IfoUes'cence or softening or a kind of lique- 
 faction of the cerebral substance j the remainder 
 preserving its ordinary consistency. (F.) Ramol- 
 lid-iement du eerveau. The neurine often contains 
 small clots of blood, giving rise to vs'hat has been 
 termed Apoplexie aapillaire, (Cruveilhier.) The 
 symptoms denoting it are equivocal. 
 MoLLiTiES Cordis, Cardiomalacia. 
 MoLLiTiES Medul'l^ Spina'lis, Myelomala'- 
 cia, (F.) liamollissement de la Moelle Ep>iniere. 
 Softening of the spinal marrow. 
 
 MoLHTlES Os'siujr, Jfalacosteo'sis, Ilalacos'- 
 teon, EmolUt"ies os'sium, Paros'tia flex'ilis, Os- 
 ieomalaeo' sis, Rachi'tis seu Rachi'tis adulto'rum, 
 Spina vento'sa (of some), Osteomala'cia, Soften- 
 ing of the bones, (F.) Osteo-malacie,0steo-malaxie, 
 Osteo-malakie, Ramollissement des os. A rare 
 affection in which the bones are deprived of their 
 .«alts, particularly of the phosphate of lime, and 
 consist only, or mainly, of gelatin ; hence they 
 acquire a degree of suppleness which renders 
 them unfit for the performance of their functions. 
 The disease generally affects all the bones ,• but 
 it is especially remarkable during life in the long 
 bones, which assume any curvature that may be 
 ■wished. Very violent pain is often experienced in 
 them ; and the urine frequently contains an enor- 
 mous proportion of calcareous phosphate. The 
 patient is compelled to remain in the horizontal 
 posture ; the bones no longer being fixed points 
 for the muscles to act upon. The disease has, 
 hitherto, always terminated fatally, and dissec- 
 tion has exhibited the gelatinous nature of the 
 bones; which, by desiccation, have become trans- 
 parent, as if they had been macerated in acid. 
 
 Experience has afforded no means of relief in 
 this dreadful afBietion. The alkaline salts, earthy 
 phosphates, &e. are of little or no use. 
 
 MOLLITIO, Mollifies. 
 
 MOLLITUDO, Mollities. 
 
 MOLLUS'CUM, Athero'ma. A cutaneous af- 
 fection, so called in consequence of its resem- 
 blance to certain molluscous animals. It con- 
 sists of numerous tumours, varying in size from 
 that of a pea to that of a pigeon's egg, filled with 
 an atheromatous matter, which are developed in 
 the substance of the derma, and are of various 
 shapes, some having a large base, — others adhe- 
 rent by means of a pedicle. 
 
 Molluscum conlagio'aum, a singular variety, is 
 characterized by the presence of hard, round, tu- 
 bercles, which are smooth and transparent, and 
 when pressed, pour out from an orifice in their 
 summits a little opake or milky fluid. 
 
 The disease is probably seated in the sebaceous 
 follicles. 
 
 If internal treatment be adopted at all, it must 
 consist of eutrophics, as arsenic, iodine, <fcc. The 
 external treatment consists in the employment of 
 measures calculated to excite the tubercles to in- 
 flammation, as by touching them with potassa. 
 
 MOLOCHE, Malva rotundifolia. 
 
 MOLOPES, Vibices. 
 
 MOLYBDiEXUM MAGNESII, Manganese, 
 black cxide of. 
 
 MGLYBDOS, Plumbum. 
 
 MOLYBDOSIS, Lead-poisoning. 
 
 MOLYNE, Anus. 
 
 MOLYNSIS, Miasma. 
 
 MOMIE, Mummy. 
 
 .AIOMIN, Mamei.' 
 
 AlOMISCL Molar teeth. 
 
 MOMOPt'DICA, M. Bahand'na, Bahami'na, 
 
 Nevrosper' ma cuspida'ta, Balm-apple, Balsam 
 appAe, (F.) Balsamine, Pomrne de merveille. The 
 fruit of this oriental tree, Pomum mirab'il'e seu 
 hierosolymita'num, was formerly considered vnl- ' 
 nerary, 
 
 MoMORBicA AsPERA, M. Elaterium. 
 
 Momor'dica Elate'rium : M. aa'pera, Elatc'- 
 rium, Eebu'lia Elate'rium, Cu'cvmia agres'tis seu 
 amni'nus, O. sylvestris, Elate'rium oficina'rnm 
 seu cordifo'lium, Charan'tia, Bouba'lios, Guurerba 
 orba. Wild or Squirting cu'ciimber, Ecbol'ium 
 elate'rium, (F.) Ooncombre Sauvage, Momordiqne. 
 Nat. Order, Cucurbitacese. The dried sediment 
 from the juice is the elaterium of the shojjs. (See 
 Extraetum Elaterii.) It is a most powerful ca- 
 thartic, and, as such, has been used in dropsies. 
 Its active principle is the Elatiti, Elaterin or 
 Elaterium. Dose, gr. i to gr. j. until it operates. 
 
 M03I0RDIQUE, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 MONAD, from monas, 'unity.' A simple par- 
 ticle, or atom, or unit. — Leibnitz. The smallest 
 of all visible animalcules. A primary cell or 
 germ. 
 
 MON^, Xates. 
 
 MONAR'DA COCCIN'EA, Scarlet Rose halm. 
 Mountain mint, Oswego Tea, Mountain Balm., 
 Horsemint, Square stalk. Red Balm j a beautiful 
 indigenous plant, having the excitant propertiej 
 of Monarda punctata. 
 
 Moxar'da Fistulo'sa, Purple monar'da. The 
 leaves have a fragrant smell; and an aroma- 
 tic, somewhat bitter taste. They are reputed to 
 be nervine, stomachic, and deobstruent. 
 
 Monar'da PuNcta'ta, Horsemint. Sex. Syst. 
 Diandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Labiatas. In- 
 digenous in the United States. Stimulant and 
 carminative. The Oleum monarda is officinal in 
 the United States. 
 
 Monarda, Purple, M. fistulosa. 
 
 MONDER (F.), from mundus, 'cleanly.' To 
 render clean or pure. In Pharmacy, it means to 
 separate any substance from its impure or useless 
 portion. In surgery, monder on mondifier tine 
 plaic, is to clean or deterge a wound. 
 
 MONDIFICATIFS, Detergents. 
 
 MONDIFIER UNE PLAIE, see Monder. 
 
 MONE'MEROX, Monoe'meroii, Monohe'meron ; 
 irom fiovog, ' one,' and 'riixspa, 'a day.' A name 
 given to several eollyria, which were supposed to 
 be capable of curing diseases of the eyes in a day. 
 
 MONENTERUM, Colon. 
 
 MONE'SIA. A vegetable extract imported into 
 Europe from South America, in hard, thick cakes. 
 It is prepared from the bark of a tree, whose bo- 
 tanical name is uncertain — probably C?irysophyl'- 
 lum glycypMoE'um. It is very friable, and its frac- 
 ture very much resembles that of a well-torrefied 
 cocoanut. It is wholly soluble in water; and it3 
 taste — which is at first sweet like liquorice — some- 
 times becomes astringent. It is on account of its 
 astringent properties that it has been prescribed 
 in chronic bronchitis, hajmoptysis, diarrhoea, leu- 
 corrhoea, uterine hemorrhage, kc. It has been 
 applied locally, in the form of ointment, {Mones. 
 p. 1, Adijyis, p. vij. 
 
 The dose of Monesia is from 12 to 40 grains a 
 day. 
 
 MONEYWORT, Lysimachia nuramularia. 
 
 MONGO'LIAN. Anthropologists give the name 
 Mongolian race to a variety of the human species, 
 spread over a groat part of the north of Asia, in 
 China, India, Thibet, the Moluccas, <tc. The in- 
 dividuals composing it have the skin of a brown 
 red, forehead flat, nose broad, cheeks prominent, 
 and lips large. See Homo. 
 
 MONISM/ Monis'nnis ; from fiovog, 'alone.* 
 The doctrine, which declares matter and mind tO 
 be identical. 
 
MONK 
 
 569 
 
 MONTBRISON 
 
 MONK PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. A 
 class of practitioners of whom Frere Cosme and 
 Jacques Beaulieu in France, and Pravetz in Ger- 
 many, were the most distinguished. 
 
 MONKSHOOD, Aconitum — m. Common, Aco- 
 nitum napellus — m. Salutary, Aconitum anthora. 
 MONNI'NA POLYSTA'CHIA. A beautiful 
 South American plant. A^at. Ord. Polygale». 
 Sex. Sjjst. Diadelphia Octandria. The bark of 
 the root is a powerful astringent, and much used 
 in South America in diseases of the bowels. 
 
 MONOBLEP'SIS,from iiovoi, 'one,' and /3X£if if, 
 * sight.' An affection in which vision is confused, 
 imperfect, and indistinct, when both eyes are em- 
 ployed ; but perfect or nearly so, when either eye 
 is used singly. 
 
 MONOCAR'P^; from fiovo?, 'alone,' 'single,' 
 and Kap-oi, 'fruit.' A division of cutaneous 
 affections, of the family of Eczematosen of 
 Fuchs, which includes strophulus, psydracia, and 
 ecthyma. 
 
 MONOCEPH'ALUS, from ixovo;, 'one,' and 
 KcipaXi/, ' head.' A compound monster having 
 two bodies with a single head. 
 MONOCOLON, Cscum, Rectum. 
 MONOCRA'NUS, from novot, 'one,' 'single,' 
 and Kpavov, Kpaviov, ' cranium.' A monster with 
 one cranium, but with the face in part double — 
 Gurlt. 
 
 MONOCULUM, Cajcum. 
 
 MONOC'ULUS, Mon'ocle, MonopltliaV mus, 
 Unioe'idus, Unoc'ulus, from /iovos, 'one,' and 
 oculus, 'an eye.' A bandage employed to main- 
 tain topical applications over one of the eyes. 
 This bandage, called by some surgeons Simplex 
 oc'ulus, (F.) CEil simple, is made of a roller three 
 or four ells long, rolled into a single ball. See 
 Cyclops. 
 
 MONODIPLO'PIA; {vomiiovog, 'alone,' SnrXov;, 
 ' double,' and uxp, ' eye.' Double vision with one 
 eye. 
 
 MONOEMERON, Monemeron. 
 MONOGAS'TRIC, Monogas'tricus ; from ,/orof, 
 ' one,' and yaarrjp, ' stomach.' That which has 
 but one stomach. Man is monogastric ; rumina- 
 ting animals, on the contrary, are polygasti-ic. 
 
 MON'OGRAPH, MED'ICAL, Monograph' ia 
 med'ica; from /lovo;, 'one,' and ypatpr;, 'descrip- 
 tion.' An ex professo treatise on a single class 
 of diseases, or on a single disease. 
 MONOHEMERON, Monemeron. 
 MONOMACHON, Csecum. 
 MONOMACUM, Ceeeum. 
 MONOMANIA, see Melancholy — m. Homi- 
 cidal, Homicidal insanity — m. Incendiary, Pyro- 
 mania. 
 
 3L0N0MANIE, Melancholy — m. Homicide, 
 Homicidal insanity. 
 
 MONOMMATOS, Cyclops. 
 MONOMORIA, see Melancholy. 
 MONOPAGIA, Clavus hystericus, Hemicrania. 
 MONOP'ATHT, il/o7!o^aiAi''a, from //ovof, 'one,' 
 and -nados, ' disorder.' A state in which one organ 
 or function is disordered. Applied to melancholy 
 or monomania ; which is said to be a monopathic 
 affection. 
 
 MONOPEGIA, Clavus hvstericus, Hemicrania. 
 MONOPHTHALMUS, Cyclops, Monoeulus. 
 MONOPLAS'TIC, Jfonoplas'ticus : from fxovo;, 
 'one,' and -rAno-o-a), 'I form.' That which has one 
 form. A monoplastie element, in histology, is one 
 which retains its primary form. — Gerber. 
 MONOPODIA, Sympodia. 
 MONOPS, Cyclops. 
 MONOPSIA, Cyclopia. 
 MONOPUS, Symmeles. 
 
 MONOR'CHIS, from fiovo?, 'one,' and op-^^n, 
 ' testicle.' One who has only one testicle. 
 
 MONOSI'TIA, from fxovoq, 'one,' and airoi, 
 'food,' 'repast.' The habit of taking only one 
 meal in the day. 
 
 MONOT'ROPA UNIFLO'RA, Indian pipe, 
 Tceplant, Pipe-jilant, Nest root. Fit root. An in- 
 digenous plant, whose juice, mixed with water, 
 has been extolled by the Indians in ophthalmia. 
 The dried root in powder has been given in epi- 
 lepsy and nervous diseases. 
 
 MONROIA'NUM FORA'MEN. A foramen at 
 the anterior part of the lateral ventricles of the 
 brain, by which they communicate with each 
 other, is so called from the second Monro. 
 
 MONS VEN'ERIS,3/oHf!c'j(^«s Yen' eris, Ephe-. 
 he'im, (F.) Ilont de Venus, Penil, Motte, Emi- 
 nence sus-puhienne. The more or less projecting 
 eminence, situate at the base of the hypogas- 
 trium, above the vulva and in front of the 03 
 pubis. At the period of puberty it becomes 
 covered with hair, formerly called Tresso'ria. 
 
 MONSO'NIA OVA'TA, Keita, of the Hotten- 
 tots. A plant of the Nat. Ord. Geraniacese, which 
 grows at the Cape of Good Hope. The root and 
 herb are very astringent, and are used success- 
 fully in dysentery. 
 
 MONSTER, Monstrnm, Terai, Pelor, Pelo'ria, 
 Pelo'rium, Pelo'rum. Any organized being, havinj; 
 an extraordinary vice of conformation, or a pre - 
 ternatural perversion of every part, or of ceftaia 
 parts only. 
 
 The following classification embraces the maij* 
 varieties of malformations — Vitia j^rimcB con- 
 formatio'nis. — 1. Those in which certain parts of 
 the normal body are absent or defective — monstra 
 deficientia. 2. These produced by fusion or coa- 
 lition of organs — eoalitio partium, symjyhi/sis. 
 3. Those, in which parts, united in the normal 
 state are separated from each other — clefts, Jis- 
 stires. 4. Those in which normal openings arf 
 occluded — atresia. 5. Those by excess, or ia 
 which certain parts have a disproportionate size— 
 monstra ahundantia. 6. Those, in which o'he 01 
 many parts have an abnormal position — situs mu- 
 tatus. 7. Those affecting the sexual organs — 
 hermaphroditism ; and to these "true malforma- 
 tions" Vogel adds 8. Diseases of the foetus, and 
 abnormal states of its envelopes. 
 
 Amongst the numerous hypotheses entertained 
 on the origin or cause of monsters, or of monstro- 
 sity — terato'sis, monstros'itas, (F.) monstruosite, as 
 the state has been called — three only are worth 
 mentioning. They have been attributed, 1. To 
 the influence of the maternal imagination on the 
 foetus in utero. 2. To accidental changes, expe- 
 rienced by the fcetus at some period of its uterina 
 existence : and 3. To a primitive defect in tha 
 germs. The second seems to be the only ona 
 that is philosophical. 
 
 As a medico-legal question, monsters, if capable 
 of action as individuals, have the same rights a* 
 other persons. 
 
 MONSTERS, DOUBLE, see Duplication — m. 
 Triplet, see Triplet. 
 
 MONSTRA ABUNDANTIA, see Monster — 
 m. Deficientia, see Monster — m. Trigeminal se< 
 Triplet — -m. Triplica, see Triplet. 
 
 MONSTROSITAS, see Monster. 
 
 MONSTROSITY, see Monster. 
 
 MONSTRUM, Monster. 
 
 3I0NSTR UOSITE, see Monster. 
 
 MONT DE VENUS, Mons Veneris. 
 
 MONTBRISON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Montbrison is a town in France, in the depart- 
 ment of the Loire, fifteen leagues from Lyons. 
 There are three cold springs here, which art 
 
MONT 
 
 570 
 
 MORBUS 
 
 highly aeidulouSj and used as refrigerants and 
 aperients. 
 
 MONT-DE-MARSAN, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Mont-de-Marsan is a small French town, 
 10 leagues from Dax ; where there is a chalybeate 
 spring, somewhat frequented. 
 
 MONT-D'OR, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Mont d'Or is a village seven leagues from Cler- 
 mont, (Puy-de-D6me,) at which are several mine- 
 ral springs, cold and thermal. Those of the 
 Fountain La 3Iadelarne, and of the Great Bath, 
 aru thermal, temp. 112° Fahr., and Contain car- 
 bonic acid, suhearbonate and sulphate of soda, 
 chloride of sodium, suhearbonate of lime and 
 magnesia, alumine and oxide of iron. Those of 
 St. Margaret are cold, and contain much carbonic 
 acid. 
 
 MONTECATI'NI, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This town is situate near Borgo-Buggiano, in 
 Tuscany. The sprinscs are thermal; ranging from 
 78° to 118° Fahrenheit. 
 
 MONTHLY COURSES, Menses— m. Periods, 
 Menses. 
 
 MONTICULUS CEREBELLI, see Vermiform 
 processes of the Cerebellum — m. Veneris, Mons 
 veneris. 
 
 MONTPELLIER, CLIMATE OF. This seat 
 of a celebrated medical school in the S. E. of 
 France was at one time renowned for its climate, 
 and especially in regard to its adaptation to con- 
 sumptive eases. This is now exploded, and it is 
 at present esteemed an unfit residence for them. 
 The climate possesses the general characters of 
 that of south-eastern France — being dry, hot, and 
 irritating; subject to frequent vicissitudes, and 
 especially to blasts of keen, cold, northerly winds. 
 It is, indeed, most injurious in pulmonary dis- 
 eases. 
 
 MOON, Luna, Sele'ne, Mene, Sax. Mona, (G.) 
 M n d, (F.) Lime. The moon has been supposed 
 to exert considerable influence over the human 
 body, in health and disease. Such influence has 
 been grossly exaggerated. Not many years ago, 
 it would have been heretical to doubt the exacer- 
 bation of mania at the full of the moon ; yet it 
 is now satisfactorily shown, that if the light be 
 excluded at this period, the lunatic is not excited 
 more than ordinarily. 
 
 MOONSTRUCK, Lunatic, 
 
 MOONCALF, Mole. 
 
 MOORBERRY, Vaeeinium oxyeoccos, 
 
 MOORSHEAD, Alembic. 
 
 MOORWORT, BROAD-LEAVED,Andromeda 
 mariana. 
 
 MOOSEWOOD, Direa palustris. 
 
 MOPHETA, see Mephitism. 
 
 MORBEUX, Morbid. 
 
 MORBI, see Morbus — m. Acquisiti, Acquired 
 diseases — m. Acuti, see Acute — m. Adventitii, 
 Acquired diseases — m. Anniversarii, Annual dis- 
 eases — m. Annul, Annual diseases — m. Asthenici, 
 AdynamiEe — m. Celati, Feigned diseases — m. 
 Chronici, Chronic diseases — m. Cognati, Innate 
 diseases — m. Complicati, see Complication, Im- 
 pliciti morbi — m. Congeniti, Innate diseases — m. 
 Connati, Connate diseases — m. Connexi, Con- 
 jancti morbi — m. Consequentes, Conjunct! morbi 
 — m. Constrictorii, see Spasmoticus — m. Derma- 
 todes, see Dermatoid — m. Dispersi, Sporadic dis- 
 eases — m. Dissimulati, Feigned diseases — m. 
 Epicteti, Acquired diseases — m. Evolutionis, see 
 Development — m. Hereditarii, Hereditary dis- 
 eases — m. Homoedri, see Homoedrus — m. Infi- 
 Uati, Feigned diseases — m. Interni, Internal dis- 
 eases — m. Mela,ncliolici, see Mercurial — m. Mer- 
 curiaies, see Mercurial — m. Nervosi, Nervous 
 diseases — m. Occulti, see Latent — m. Olfactiis, 
 OsmcDosi — m. Perjilexi, see Complication — m. 
 
 Pseudalei, Feigned diseases — m. Recidiva, Re- 
 lapse — m. Reeursus, Palindromia — m. Sexuales, 
 see Sexual — m. Sexus, Genonusi — m. Simulati, 
 Feigned diseases — m. Sparsi, Sporadic diseases 
 — m. Spasmotici, see Spasmoticus — m. Subacute, 
 see Acute — m. Tactus, Haphonosi — m. Tropici, 
 Troponusi. 
 
 MO'KBID, Mor'hidus, Morho'sua, Pathic, Path', 
 ical, Path'icus, (F.) llorbeitx, Morhide j from mor' 
 bus, ' a disease.' Diseased, or relating to disease. 
 
 Morbid Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
 
 MORBIF'IC, Morbif'icns, (F".) 3/orb;fqtie; 
 from morbus, 'a disease,' and /acere, *to make.' 
 Causing or producing disease — as morbific ema- 
 nations. 
 
 MORBILITY, Disease. 
 
 3WRBILLEUX, Morbillous. 
 
 MORBILLI, Rubeola — m. Confluentes, Scar- 
 latina — m. Ignei, Scarlatina. 
 
 MORBILLOSUS, Morbillous. 
 
 MORBILLOUS, Morbillo'sus, Meashj, (F.) 
 Morbilleux. Afi'ected or connected with measles. 
 
 MORBOSUS, Sickly. 
 
 MOPtBUS, Disease, see Morbi — m. Ampul- 
 laceus, Pemphigus — m. Anglicus, Rachitis — m. 
 Aphrodisius, Syphilis — m. Arcuatus, Icterus 
 
 — m. Arietis, Influenza — m. Arqnatus, Icterus 
 
 — m. Articularis, Gout — m. Astralis, Epilepsy 
 
 — m. Attonitus, Apoplexy — m. a. Celsi, Cata- 
 lepsy — m. Brightii, Kidney, Brigbt's disease of 
 the — m. Bullosus, Pemphigus — m. Caducus, 
 Epilepsy — m. Cseruleus, Cyanopathy — m. Cal- 
 culi, Lithia — m. Cardiacus, Cardialgia — m. Ca- 
 tarrhalis. Influenza — m. Catoxys, see Catoxys — 
 m. Cerealis, Ergotism — m. Cerebralis Whyttii, 
 Hydrocephalus Internus — m. Cirrhorum, Plica 
 
 — m. CoBliacus, Coeliac flux — m. Comitialis, Epi- 
 lepsj' — m. Costalis, Pleuritis — m. Coxarius, Cox- 
 arum morbus — m. Croatus, Scherlievo — m. Cu- 
 cullaris. Pertussis — m. Cucullis, Pertussis — m. 
 Cystophlegmatieus, Cystirrhoea — m. Dsemoniacus, 
 Epilepsy — m. Daemonius, Epilepsy — m. Deificus, 
 Epilepsy — m. Dissolutus, Dysentery — m. Divinus, 
 Epilepsy — m. Dominorum, Gout — m. Endemius, 
 Endemic — m. Epidemicus, Epidemy — m. Epide- 
 micus gutturis Foresti, Scarlatina — m. Erudito- 
 rum, Hj'pochondriasis — m. Extrinsecus, External 
 disease — m. Farciminosus, see Equinia — m. Fe- 
 brilis, Pyreticosis — m. Fellifluus, Cholera — m. 
 Flatuosus, Hypochondriasis — m. Fluminiensis, 
 Scherlievo — m. Foedus, Epilepsy — m. Frigidus, 
 Atrophy — m. Gallicus, Syphilis — m. Gesticula- 
 torius. Chorea — m. Gravis, see Serious — m. Hte- 
 morrhoidalis, Ha^morrhois — m. Heracleus, Epi- 
 lepsy — m. Herculeus, Epilepsy — m. Hispanicus, 
 Sj'philis — m. Hydrophobicus, Hydrophobia — m. 
 Hypochondriacus, Hypochondriasis — m. Hyste- 
 ricus, Hysteria — m. Idiopathicus, Idiopathia — 
 m. Indicus, Syphilis — m. Interlunius, Epilepsy 
 — m. Ischiadicus, Neuralgia femoro-poplita^a — m. 
 Italieus, Syphilis- — tn. Jecinoris, Hepatitis — m. 
 Lateralis, Pleuritis — m. Lazari, Elephantiasis — 
 m. Lunaticus, Epilepsy — m. Luteolus, Icterus — 
 m. Maculosus hremorrhagicus Werlhofii, Purpura 
 ha;morrhagica — m. Magnus, Epilepsy— -m. Major, 
 Epilepsy — m. Mensalis, Epilepsy — m. Mercuri- 
 alis, Eczema mereuriale, Ilydrargyriasis — m. 
 Metallicus, Colic, metallic — m. Mucosus, Fever, 
 adeno-meningeal — m. Nauticus, Nausea marina 
 
 — m. Neapolitanus, Syphilis — m. Niger, Mela:na 
 — m. Originalis, Idiopathia — m. Oesophagi, (Eso- 
 pha-gopathia — m. Oryzeus, Cholera — m. Pallidus, 
 Chlorosis — m. Panccenus, Pandemic — m. Parthe- 
 nius. Chlorosis — ni. Pandemius, Pandemic — m. 
 Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis — m. Peracutus, see Ca- 
 toxys — m. Phoeniceus, Elephantiasis — m. Pilaris, 
 Trichiasis — m. Pleuriticus, Pleuritis — m. Plum- 
 beus, Lead-poisoning — m. Porciuus, Essera — m. 
 
MORCEAU 
 
 571 
 
 MORPHINA 
 
 Pojtularis, Epilepsy — m. Primavius, iriiopatliia — 
 m. Proprius, Idiopathia — m. Protopathieus, Idio- 
 pathia — m. Proteiformis, see Proteiformis — m. 
 Psoadieus, Lumbar abscess — m. Publicus, Epi- 
 demy — m. Puerilis, Epilepsy — m. Pulicularis, 
 Typhus gravior — m. Pustulosus Finnicus, see 
 Anthrax — m. Recidivus, Relapse — m. Recidivus, 
 Palindromia — m. Regionalis, Endemic — m. Re- 
 gius, Icterus — m. Resiccatorius, Hypochondriasis 
 • — m. Ructuosus, Hypochondriasis — m. Ructuo- 
 sus, see Eructation — m. Sacer, Epilepsy — m. Sal- 
 tatorius, Chorea — m. Sancti Joannis, Epilepsy — 
 in. Sancti Valentini, Epilepsy — m. Scarlatinosus, 
 Scarlatina — m. Scelestus, Epilepsy — m. Scrophu- 
 losus, Scrofula — m. Secundarius, Deuteropathia 
 
 — m. Seleniacus, Epilepsy — m. Sideratus, Epi- 
 lepsy — m. Silesiaeus, Raphania — m. Simplex, 
 Haplopathia — m. Solstitialis, Goup-de-Soleil — m. 
 Sonticus, Epilepsy — m. Spasmodicus malignus 
 sen popularis, Raphania — m. Strangulatorius, 
 Cynanche trachealis — m. Sudatorius, Sudor An- 
 glicus — m. Truculentus infantum, Cynanche 
 trachealis — m. Tuberculosus, see Tubercle and 
 Tubercular cachexia — m. Ungarieus, Fever, 
 Hungaric — m. Verminosus, Helminthiasis — m.. 
 Vernaculus, Endemic — m. Vervecinus, Influenza 
 
 — m. Vesicularis, Pemphigus — m. Virgineus, 
 Chlorosis — m. Viridellus, Epilepsy — m. Vitrio- 
 latus. Epilepsy — m. Vocis, Phononosus — m. 
 Vulpis, Alopecia. 
 
 31 OBOE AU DU BIABLE, see Tuba Fallo- 
 piana — m. Frange, see Tuba Fallopiana. 
 
 MOR'DICANT, Mor'dicans, Calor mov'dicans. 
 A morbid heat, causing a disagreeable pungent 
 sensation in the fingers of the physician. 
 
 MORDICES, Teeth : see Tooth. 
 
 MOREA, Morus nigra. 
 
 MORELLE, Boletus eseulentus — m. a, Fruit 
 noir, Solanum — /». Funeuse, Atropa belladonna 
 — m. en Gra]y2^es, Phytolacca decandra — m. Grim- 
 pante, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 MORETARIUM, Mortar. 
 
 MORE'TUS, 3Iore'tum, from morum, 'the mul- 
 berry.' Ancient name of a cordial julep, into the 
 composition of which the syrup of mulberries 
 entered. — Schroder. 
 
 MORGAGN'I, HUMOUR OF, Humor Nor- 
 gagnia'nus. A peculiar, transparent, slightly 
 viscid fluid, found between the crystalline and 
 its capsule. 
 
 3I0RGELINE, Alsine media. 
 
 MORGUE, (F). A dead-house, wherein per- 
 sons, found dead, are exposed with the view of 
 being recognized by their friends. 
 
 MORIA, Idiotism — m. Demens, Idiotism, De- 
 mentia — m. Demens lerema, see Dementia — m. 
 Imbecilis amnesia. Amnesia. 
 
 MORIBUND, Psychorages. 
 
 MORINGA NUX BEN, Guilandina moringa^ 
 m. Oleifera, Guilandina moringa — m. Pterygo- 
 sperma, Guilandina moringa — m. Zeylanica, Gui- 
 landina moringa. 
 
 MORION, Genital organ. Penis. 
 
 MORIOPLAS'TICE, Chirur'gia curto'rum, Ch. 
 Anaplas'tica, Restitu'tio organ'ica seu par'tium 
 deperdita' rum, Transplanta'tio,Auto2)las'tice, Atia- 
 jjlas'tic Surgery, Autoplan'ty or Autoplastic or 
 Plastic Surgery, Chirur'gia plas'tica, from fiooiov, 
 * a part,' and TrXaort/coj, ' forming.' The restora- 
 tion of lost parts. The operations for this pur- 
 pose have various names, according to the part 
 concerned, as Cheiloplastice, Ceratoplastiee, RM- 
 noplaatice, &c. 
 
 MORO, from morum, 'a mulberry:' — 3Ior%iw, 
 (F.) 3Iure. A small abscess resembling a mul- 
 berry. A small tumour, of a similar appearance, 
 particularly on the genital organs after impure 
 coition. 
 
 MOROCH'THUS, 3Toroch'ius, 3forochi'te8, SFp- 
 rochi'tes, 3Ieroc'tea, Galax' ia, Levcograph'ia, (F.) 
 Pierre au lait, 3Iilk stone. An Egyptian stone, 
 used by the ancients as an application to the in- 
 tertrigo of children : probably a variety of fuller's 
 earth, inasmuch as it appears to have been used 
 by fullers. 
 
 MOROCHITES, Morochthus. 
 
 MOROCHTUS, Morochthus. 
 
 MOROCOMIUM, Morotrophium. 
 
 MORODOCHIUM, Morotrophium. 
 
 MOROSIS, Fatuitas, Idiotism. 
 
 MOROSITA'TES, from ju^pia, ' folly.' A ge- 
 neric name given by Linnasus to an order of 
 Vesaniee, in which he included pica, bulimia, 
 polydipsia, antipathia, nostalgiai, panophobia, sa- 
 tyriasis, nymphomania, tarentismus, and hydro- 
 phobia. 
 
 MOROTROPH'IUM, 3Torocomi'um, 3Iorodo- 
 chi'um, trom liwpog, 'fatuous,' and t^o^j?, 'support.' 
 An insane establishment/ a lunatic asylum; a 
 mad-house. Under proper management, a valu- 
 able institution ; but liable to various abuses. 
 
 MORPHEA, Morphew — m. Alba, Lepra al- 
 phoides — m. Nigra, Lepra nigricans. 
 
 3I0RPHEE, Morphew. 
 
 MORPHEW, 3Tor]}hcB'a, (F.) 3Iorphee. A term 
 vaguely applied to scurfy eruptions on the face. 
 3Iorp>hcBa was formerly applied to squamous dis- 
 eases in general. 
 
 MORPHIA, Morphina— m. Acetate of, Mor- 
 phinoe acetas — m. and Zinc, double iodide of, 
 Zinc and Morphia, double iodide of — m. Citrate 
 of, see Morphina — m. Muriate of, see Morphina 
 — m. Sulphate of, Morphinse sulphas. 
 
 MORPHIA ACETAS, Morphinse acetas— m. 
 Sulphas, Morphinffi sulphas. 
 
 MOR'PHICA, from nopipv, 'shape.' Monstro- 
 sities of birth. The 3d order^ class Typhica of 
 Good. 
 
 MORPHI'NA, 3ror'phia, 3for'2)Mum, 3Ior. 
 phi'ne, 3Iorphine, from 3[o}pheus, the 'god of 
 sleep.' A solid, colourless alkali ; crystallizable 
 in beautiful j^yramids, truncated and transpa- 
 rent; soluble in alcohol, and slightly so in boil- 
 ing water. It exists, combined with meeonie 
 acid, in opium. It may be obtained by decom- 
 posing, by means of ammonia or calcined mag- 
 nesia, an aqueous solution of ojiium made in the 
 cold. 
 
 The following is the process of the Pharm. 
 U. S. Opium, sliced, Ibj ; distilled water, alcohol, 
 animal charcoal, each a sufiicient quantity; solu- 
 tion of ammonia, f5vj. Macerate the opium 
 with four pints of distilled water for 24 hours, 
 and having worked it with the hand, digest for 
 24 hours, and strain. Macerate the residue twice 
 successively with distilled water, and strain. Mix 
 the infusions; evaporate to six pints, and filter; 
 then add first five pints of alcohol, and afterwards 
 three fluidounees of the solution of ammonia, 
 previously mixed with half-a-pint of alcohol. 
 After 24 hours, pour in the remainder of the 
 solution of ammonia, mixed as before with half- 
 a-pint of alcohol ; and set the liquor aside for 24 
 hours, that crystals may form. To purify these, 
 boil them with two pints of alcohol till they aro 
 dissolved ; filter the solution, while hot, through 
 animal charcoal, and set it aside to crystallize. 
 
 Morphia dissolves perfectly in the acids, which 
 it saturates; and with which it forms very crys- 
 tallizable salts, with the exception of the acetate. 
 All these salts have a bitter taste, and act upon 
 the animal economy in the same manner aa 
 opium, but more powerfully. The acetate is the 
 salt commonly employed in medicine. It was, at 
 one time, supposed that Morphia is the purely 
 
MORPHIUM 
 
 572 
 
 MORTALITY 
 
 Eedative part of opium, divested of its irritating ' 
 properties ; but experience has not confirmed 
 this. On the contrary, it ivill generally disagree 
 where opium does. Dose of morphia, J to f of a 
 grain. 
 
 Morphi'NjE Ace'tas, Mor'phim Aeetas, Ac"- 
 ctate of MorpJilne, Acetate of Morphia. A salt 
 formed by saturating morphia with acetic acid. 
 (Morjjhia, in powder, freed from narcotina by 
 boiling with sulphuric ether, ^j ; distilled water, 
 Oss ; acetic acid, a sufficient quantity. Mix the 
 morphia with the water ; then carefully drop in 
 the acid, constantly stirring until the morphia is 
 saturated and dissolved. Evaporate the solution 
 in a water-bath to the consistence of syrup. 
 Lastly, dry the acetate with a gentle heat and 
 rub it into powder. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, from ^ 
 of a grain to a grain. 
 
 Morphi'NjB Sulphas, Mor'phi.e Sulphas, 
 Snlphate of MorjMa. A salt, formed by satu- 
 rating morphia with sulphuric acid, evaporating, 
 and crystallizing. Dose, the same as of the 
 acetate. 
 
 Ifiiriate and Citrate of Morphia have likewise 
 been used ; but they possess no advantages over 
 the other salts. The sulphate and muriate are 
 officinal in the Ph. U. S. 
 
 MORPHIUM, Morphina. 
 
 MORPHOLOG"IGAL, 3Iorpholog"icm, from 
 fiop(pn, 'shape,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' That 
 which has relation to the anatomical conforma- 
 tion of parts. Applied, at times, to the altera- 
 tions in the/o)-;)i of the several parts of the em- 
 bryo, in contradistinction to histological, which 
 is applied to the transformation by which the 
 tissues are gradually generated. In comparative 
 anatomy, it is applied to the history of the mo- 
 difications of forms, which the same organ under- 
 goes in different animals. 
 
 MOPlPHOLOGY, Anatomy. 
 
 MORPHOLY'SIS, from iiop,pv, 'shape,' and 
 Xutris, 'solution.' Destruction of organization. 
 An agent, that occasions such destruction, is 
 called a mnrpholi/t'ic. 
 
 MORPHOLYTIC, see Morpholysis. 
 
 MORPHON'OMY, Morphonom'ia: from /iopiprj, 
 'shape,' and vojiog, 'a law.' The laws of organic 
 formation. The department of anatomical science 
 which teaches the laws of organic configuration. 
 
 MORPHOTOMY, see Anatomy. 
 
 MORPIO, see Pediculus. 
 
 MORPION, Crab-louse, see Pediculus. 
 
 MOPvS, Death — m. Apparens, Asphyxia — m. 
 Putativa, Aphyxia — m. Repentina, Demotivus 
 lapsus — m, du Diable, Scabiosa succisa. 
 
 MORSELLUS, Tabella. 
 
 MORSULI ANTIMONIALES, Tabellse anti- 
 moniales Kunckelii — m. Stibii, Tabellse antimo- 
 niales Kunckelii. 
 
 MORSULUS, Tabella. 
 
 MORSUIiE, Degmos. 
 
 MORSUS, Degmos — m. Diaboli, Scabiosa suc- 
 cisa, see Tuba Fallopiana — m. Gallinae, Alsine 
 media — m. Stomachi, Cardialgia — m. Ventriculi, 
 Cardialgia. 
 
 MORT, Death — ni. Apparente, Asphyxia — m. 
 du Chien, Cholera — m. aux Chiens, Colchicum 
 autuninale^-'OT. aux Panth^res, Doronicum parda- 
 lianches. 
 
 MORT A, Pemphigus. 
 
 MORT AJj, 3forta' lis, from mors, mortis, 'death.' 
 Ij'-th"'lis, Leta'lis, Thanato'des, Thanas'im}is,{F.) 
 Mortel. That which is subject to death; — that 
 which causes death : — as, vian is mortal; a dis- 
 ease 18 mortal. Of old, it was the custom to have 
 a division of mortal wounds, which gave rise to 
 many errors in medico-legal investigations, as the 
 tuortality of wounds depends upon various cir- 
 
 cumstances; and it is often a matter of extreme 
 difficulty to pronounce whether or not a wound is 
 necessarily mortal. 
 
 MORTAL'ITY, 3fortal'ttas, Lethal'itas, LetaV- 
 itas, (F.) Mortalite. This word, taken in an extend- 
 ed sense, expresses the condition of all organized 
 bodies, — of being subject to the cessation of life. 
 In the sense in which it is most frequently em- 
 ployed, it signifies, — the proportional quantity of 
 individuals who, in a certain population, die in a 
 given time. If we assume the population of thg 
 earth to be one thousand millions, and a genera- 
 tion to last thirty-three years ; in that space of 
 time the one thousand millions must all die, 
 and, consequently, the number of deaths will be, 
 by approximation, 
 
 Each year 30,000,000 
 
 Each day 82,109 
 
 Each hour 3,421 
 
 Each minute 57 
 
 Ea(?h second 1 nearly. 
 
 If, on the other hand, as has been supposed, 
 the number of deaths is to that of the births as 
 TEX to TWELVE : there will be born. 
 
 Each year 36,000,000 
 
 Each day 98,356 
 
 Each hour 4,098 
 
 Each minute 68 
 
 Each second 1 k 2-15ths. 
 
 It has been estimated that the average mor- 
 tality of the Pays du Vaud, is 1 in 49; of Swe.- 
 den and Holland, 1 in 48 ; of Russia, 1 in 41 ; of 
 France, 1 in 40 ; of Austria, 1 in 38 ; of Prussia 
 and Naples, 1 in 33 to 35 ; of England, 1 in 45 ; 
 and of South America, 1 in 30. The same rate 
 of mortality has been given to the United States 
 as to France; but the statistical details on all 
 this matter have been inadequate, and — it is not 
 improbable — inaccurate. The following has been 
 given as the annual mortality of some of the 
 chief cities of this country and Europe : (See the 
 author's Human Health, p. 101 : Philadelphia, 
 1844.) Philadelphia, 1 in 45.68; Glasgow, 1 in 
 44; Manchester, 1 in 44; Geneva, 1 in 43; Bos- 
 ton, 1 in 41.26 ; Baltimore, 1 in 41 ; London, 1 in 
 40 ; New York, 1 in 37.83 ; St. Petersburgh, 1 in 
 37; Charleston, 1 in 36.50; Leghorn, 1 in 35; 
 Berlin, 1 in 34; Paris, Lyons, Strasburg, and 
 Barcelona, 1 in 32 ; Nice and Palermo, 1 in 31 ; 
 Madrid, 1 in 29 ; Naples, 1 in 28 ; Brussels, 1 in 
 26; Rome, 1 in 25; Amsterdam, 1 in 24; and 
 Vienna, 1 in 22J. 
 
 In the cities, the mortality under two years of 
 age bears a large ratio. This is exhibited by the 
 following table : 
 
 Ages. London. Philad. Baltimore. 
 
 Under 1 year, "I „„ „ 22.7 24.11 
 
 From 1 to 2, J "^^'^^ 8.6 8.55 
 
 2 to 6, 9.97 7.3 ll.lS 
 
 5 to 10, 4.33 4. 5. 
 
 10 to 20, 4.03 5. e.-T 
 
 20 to 30, 6.64 12. 9.87 
 
 30 to 40, 8.08 12. 10.68 
 
 40 to 50, 8.89 10. 8.88 
 
 50 to 60, 8.89 7.2 5.78 
 
 60 to 70, 9.15 5. 4.0 
 
 70 to 80, 7.83 3.5 3. 
 
 SO to 90, 3.18 1.9 1.67 
 
 90 to 100, 0.40 0.5 0.26 
 
 100 to 110, 0.09 ■) f) ,„ 
 
 110 to 120, 0.013 J "-^^ 
 
 It would not be proper to regard the value of 
 life in different countries, or in different periods 
 in the same country, to be indicated by the ave- 
 rage mortality; inasmuch as in one case a greater 
 
MORTAR 
 
 573 
 
 MOTORT 
 
 mortality may occur amongst cliildren, and m 
 another amongst adults. 
 
 Mortality, Bills of, Bills of Necrol'ogy, 
 Mor'tuary Reg"ister8, (F.) Tahhs de 3fortalite. 
 Tables, instituted for the purpose of exhibiting 
 the number of deaths, &c. in a given time. Well- 
 kept bills of mortality are of great use to the phy- 
 sician and political economist. Those of London 
 were proverbial for their inaccuracy and in- 
 sufficiency; especially as regards the complaints 
 of which the persons have died. They were for- 
 merly made out by the parish clerks, and the in- 
 formai.'on was conveyed to them by two old wo- 
 men, who were appointed in each parish, and 
 ■were called Searchers ; — their duty being to see 
 that the deceased had died a natural death. This 
 miserable system has, however, been abolished; 
 and the Regintrar-General's annual reports of 
 births, deaths, and marriages, exhibit how admi- 
 rably vital statistics are now conducted in Great 
 Britain. 
 
 MORTAR, Morta'rium, Iloreta'rium, 3forto'- 
 rium, Piso, Ac'one, Pila, Hobnos, Igde, Igdus, 
 (F.) Mortier. A vessel for reducing to powder 
 diflFerent solid substances, and for making certain 
 mixtures. Various substances are employed in 
 the construction of mortars ; — iron, marble, glass, 
 wedgewood ware, .tc. 
 
 MORTARIOLUM, Alveolus. , 
 
 3! OR TEL, Mortal. 
 
 310 R TIER, Mortar. 
 
 MORTIFER, Lethiferous. 
 
 MORTIFICATIO, Mortification — m. Pulmo- 
 num, Necropneumonia. 
 
 MORTIFICA'TION, 3Ioriifica'tio, Necro'sis, 
 Sphacela'tion, from mors, 'death,' and fio, '1 be- 
 come.' The loss of vitality in a part of the body. 
 The incipient stage of mortification, when the 
 case is still recoverable, is called Gangrene ; when 
 totally destroyed. Sphacelus. Mortification of a 
 bone is called Necrosis. 
 
 Mortification, Cold, Sphacelus — m. Ergot, 
 Ergotism — m. Hot, Gangrene — m. Mildew, Er- 
 gotism. 
 
 MORTOOTH, Cupri sulphas. 
 
 MORTUARY REGISTERS, Mortality, bills of. 
 
 MORUM, see Morus nigra — m. Palpebrse in- 
 ternse. Trachoma carunculosum. 
 
 MORUS NIGRA, If. lacinia'ta, IM'bernj 
 Tree, 3Iore'a, Sycami'nos, ['E .) 31{lrier Noir. The 
 fruit of the mulberry tree, 3Iorum, Sycami'num, 
 (F.) 3Mre, is pleasant, sweet, subacid, and 
 abounds with a deep violet-coloured juice. A 
 syrup is directed in the London Pharmacopoeia. 
 The bark of the root has been regarded as an 
 anthelmintic. 
 
 MORUS RUBRA, Red 3Mherry, Wild 3M- 
 lerry ; indigenous. The root has been used to 
 destroy taenia. 
 
 MOR YE, Mucus, Nasal mucus ; see Equinia — 
 in. Farcitieuse, see Equinia. 
 
 MOS, Habit. 
 
 Mos MoRBi Benig'nus, seu Malig'nus. The 
 benign, or malignant character of a disease. 
 
 MOSCHARDI'NA, Ihiscer'da, from ixoaxo;, 
 * musk.' A lozenge for the mouth, composed of 
 musk, ambergris, and other aromatics. 
 
 MOSCHEL^'ON, Iloscolm'a. A compound 
 aromatic oil, containing musk. 
 
 MOSCHUS, Musk — m. Arabum, Hibiscus abel- 
 moschus — m. Factitioiis, Musk, artificial. 
 
 MOSCOL^A. Moschelffion. 
 
 MOSLICII. Maslaeh. 
 
 MOSQUITA, see Mosquito. 
 
 MOSQUI'TO (S.) Diminutive of (S.) mosca, 'a 
 fly.' 3Iusq'ir!to. A very troublesome insect in 
 ■warm, moist situations. Curtains, called 3/osquito 
 curtains, are used in India, by way of protection. 
 
 The entrance of mosquitos into the bedchamber 
 may also be prevented, to a certain extent, b^y 
 keeping the doors and windows closed until the 
 lights are extinguished. The pain and itching 
 from the bites are alleviated by washing them 
 with hartshorn. 
 
 MosQuiTA is a name given, by the Portuguese, 
 to small, red pimples on the skin, resembling the 
 bites of the musquito. 
 
 MOSS BERRY, Vaccinium oxycoccos — m. 
 Ceylon, Fucus amylaceus — m. Club, Lycopodium 
 — m. Cup, Lichen pyxidatus — m. Iceland, Lichen 
 Islandieus — m. Irish, Fucus crispus — m. Marine, 
 Fucus amylaceus. 
 
 MOTA, Fagus castanea. 
 
 MOTAMEN, Motion. 
 
 MOTATIO, Motion. 
 
 MOTE. Carbasus, Linteum, 
 
 3I0TEUR, Motory. 
 
 MOTHER'S MARKS, Nsevus— m. Spots, 
 Nsevus. 
 
 MOTHERWORT, Leonurus cardiaca, Matri- 
 caria. 
 
 MOTIL'ITY, 3Iotil'itas, from motus, 'move- 
 ment.' (F.) 3Iotilite, 3IotricitL Faculty of mov- 
 ing ; moving power ; contractility. 
 
 MOTION, Motus, 3Io'tio, 3Iota'tio, Moia'men, 
 Commo'tio, Permo'tio, Cine'sis, 3Iovement, (F.) 
 Jlouvemenf. The act of changing place. The 
 various motions may be divided into, — First, the 
 voluntary or those that are executed under the 
 influeuee of the brain. Secondly, the involuntary, 
 which may be subdivided into, 1, The excited, of 
 the reflex function of Dr. Marshall Hall and 
 others, — as the closure of the larynx on the con- 
 tact of acrid vapours, of the pharynx on that of 
 the food, — a function of the spinal marrow ; and 
 2. Those that are executed under the organic and 
 other nerves of involuntary function. It is pro- 
 bable, too, that every living tissue is capable of 
 moving responsive to its appropriate irritant. See 
 Irritability. 
 
 Motion, Ciliary, see Cilia — m. Involuntary, 
 see Automatic — m. Vibratory, see Ciliary — m. 
 Voluntary, Autoeinesis. 
 
 MOTIVE, Motory. 
 
 MOTOR, Motory. 
 
 Motor Oculi Exter'nus, Nervvs tim'idus, 
 (F.) Nerf oculo-mxisculaire externe (Ch.), Nerf 
 moteur ocidaire externe, Sixth pair of nerves, 
 arises from the furrow which separates the pons- 
 Varolii from the medulla oblongata. It enters 
 the cavernous sinus; anastomoses on the outside 
 of the carotid artery with two filaments furnished 
 by the superior cervical ganglion ; enters the or- 
 bit by the sphenoidal fissure, and is lost on the 
 rectus esternus oculi. This pair is, also, called 
 Ahducentes. 
 
 Moto'res Oculo'rtjm, 3Tofo'rii Ocvlorum, Octi- 
 la'rcs commu'nes, Ophthal'mici exter'ni. Common 
 Oeulo-muscular Nerves, (F.) Nerf a moteurs ocu- 
 laires communs, (Ch.,) The third pair of nerven. 
 This nerve arises from a depression at the inner 
 side of the peduncles of the brain, between the 
 tuber annulare and corporamammillaria. Itenters 
 the outer part of the cavernous sinus, and passes 
 into the orbitar cavity. Behind the sphenoidal 
 fissure, it divides into two branches ; the one su- 
 perior, and the other inferior. The former is 
 lost on the rectus superior oculi and the levator 
 palpebrse superioris ; the latter — the larger of the 
 two — divides into three branches, which pass to 
 the rectus internus, rectus inferior, and lesser 
 oblique. The last furnishes a filament, which, 
 passes to the ophthalmic ganglion. 
 
 MOTORIAL, Motory. 
 
 MO'TORY, 31'otive, Motor, 3foto'rial, 3fotrix, 
 Kinet'ic or Cinet'ic, (F.) 3Ioteur. That ■which 
 
MOTOS 
 
 574 
 
 MUCILAGO 
 
 moves or causes movement, as motor nerves, in 
 contradistinction to sensory. 
 
 MOTOS, Linteum, Tent. 
 
 MOTO'SIS, fioros, ' charpie.' The application 
 cf charpie to a wound. 
 
 M0TRICIT£, Motility. 
 
 MOTRIX, Motory. 
 
 MOTTE, Mons veneris. 
 
 MOTUM, Carbasus, Linteum. 
 
 MOTUS, Motion — m. Assimilationis, Plastic 
 force — m. Automaticus, see Automatic — m. Com- 
 pressorius, Peristole — m. Cordis diastalticus, Dia- 
 stole — m. Hfemorrhoidalis, Hsemorrhois — m. In- 
 lestinorum, Borborygmus — m. Involuntarius, see 
 Autocinesis — m. Peristalticus, Peristole — m. Tes- 
 tudineus, Peristole — m. Vermicularis, Peristole — 
 m. Voluntarius, Autocinesis. 
 
 MO UOHE, Cantharis — m. d'Espagne, Can- 
 tharis. 
 
 ilOUCHER L' ACTION BE, Munctio. 
 
 MOUCHES, see Pains, labour — m. Volantea, 
 see Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MOUGHETURE. see Scarification. 
 
 MOVGHOIR EN TRIANGLE, Couvrechef, 
 see Bandeau. 
 
 MOUFETTE, see Mephitism. 
 
 MOULD, Fontanella. 
 
 MOULE, Mvtilus edulis. 
 
 MOULEUR, Muller. 
 
 MOULTING, Desquamation. 
 
 MOUREILLER, Malpighia mourella. 
 
 MOVE ON DES OISEAUX, Alsine media- 
 nt. Rouge, Anagallis. 
 
 MOUSE-EAR, Alsine media, Hieracium pilo- 
 sella. 
 
 MOUSE-SIGHT, Myopia. 
 
 MOUSSE BE GORSE, Corallina Corsicana 
 — m. d' Island, Fucus crispus — m, Perlee, Fucus 
 crispus. 
 
 MOUSSERON, see Agaric 
 
 MOUSSEUX, Frotby. 
 
 MOUSTAGHE, Mystax. 
 
 3! OUT BE LA BIERE, Wort. 
 
 MOUTARBE, Sinapis. 
 
 MOUTH, Sax. muS, Os, Cavum Oris, Stoma, 
 (F.) Bouche. This word sometimes signifies the 
 cavity situate between the jaws, and containing 
 the tongvie, &c. ; — at others, the outer orifice of 
 that cavity. The mouth, in the first acceptation, 
 Cav'itas seu Spa'tium Oris, is the cavity; bound- 
 ed, above, by the palatine arch ; lelow, by the 
 tongue; before, by the lips; and behind, by the 
 velum palati and pharynx. The sides of the 
 mouth and the organs it contains are lined by a 
 mucous membrane. The anterior aperture of the 
 mouth is, sometimes, called /ac/a^ — the posterior, 
 pharyngeal. In the mouth are the teeth, gums, 
 alveolar margins, tongue; the excretory ducts of 
 the salivary glands, and those of a number of 
 mucous follicles, &c. It is in this cavity that the 
 food is cut, torn, or bruised by the teeth ; is im- 
 pregnated with saliva, and formed into a mass or 
 holus, which is then subjected to the act of deglui 
 tition. The mouth contains the organs of taste; 
 and it serves in respiration, articulation, expec- 
 toration, suction, (fee. 
 
 The condition of the mouth requires to be at- 
 tended to in Senieiology. The state of the mucous 
 membrane, like that of the tongue, indicates the 
 condition of the membrane of the alimentary ca- 
 nal generally. 
 
 Mouth, Os, Apertura, Orific"ium, Hia'tns, 
 Peristo'mium, is, also, applied to the open extre- 
 mities of vessels or other canals. 
 
 Mouth Root, Coptis — m. Sore, Aphthae — m. 
 Watering, see Salivation. 
 MOUVEMENT, Motion. 
 
 MOVEMENT, Motion. 
 
 MOXA, Moxibu'rium. A word by which the 
 Chinese and Japenese designate a cottony sub- 
 stance, which they prepared by beating the dried 
 leaves of the Artemisia moxa, — a kind of mug- 
 wort. "With this down they form a cone, which 
 is placed upon the part intended to be cauterized, 
 and is set fire to at the top. The heat and pain 
 gradually increase, in proportion as the combu.v- 
 tion proceeds downwards, until ultimately an 
 eschar may be formed. In Europe and this 
 country, the same operation is usually practised 
 with a cylinder of cotton-wool, or with one formed 
 from the pith of the greater sun-flower. This 
 mode of cauterization is employed as a powerful 
 counter-irritant; which it assuredly is. Slough- 
 ing may be in some measure prevented, according 
 to Baron Larrey, by the application of liquid am- 
 monia to the burnt part. 
 
 The term moxa has been extended to any sub- 
 stance, which by gradual combustion on or near 
 the skin is employed as a counter-irritant. 
 MOXIBURIUM, Moxa. 
 
 MOXIBUS'TION, Moxlhus'tio, Encau'sis. 
 Mode of cauterization by means of moxa. 
 
 MOXON'S EFFERVESCING MAGNESIA, 
 see Magnesia, effervescing, Moxon's. 
 MUCAGO, Liquor sanguinis, Mucilage. 
 MUCARUM, Mucharum. 
 MUCCINIUM, Mucilage. 
 MUCEDO, Mucilage. 
 
 MUCHA'RUM, Muca'rum. A barbarous term, 
 formerly used for an aqueous infusion of roses, 
 sweetened, and evaporated to the consistence of 
 syrup. 
 
 MUCIFIC, Blennogenous. 
 MU'CIFORM, 3Iuci/orm'is, Myxo'des, Blen- 
 no'des, BlennoVdes, Blennoi'deus, from mucus, 
 a,r\d forma, 'form.' Resembling mucus in cha- 
 racter or appearance. 
 
 MU'CILAGE, Mucila'go, Mvca'go, 3Iuce'do, 
 Mucciu'ium, from the Lat. mucus, — itself presumed 
 to be from mnngere, 'to wipe the nose.' A mix- 
 ture of gum and a small quantity of matter ana- 
 logous to mucus, which is found in abundance in 
 linseed, quince-seed, &c. It is obtained by heat- 
 ing with water the parts, or products, of plants 
 which contain it. It is much used in the prepa- 
 tion of emollient cataplasms and the greater part 
 of the demulcent tisanes. 
 
 Mucilage, see Liquor sanguinis — m. Animal, 
 Mucus — m. of Quince-seeds, Decoetum cydonise 
 — m. of Rice, see Oryza — m. of Sassafras Pith, 
 Infusum sassafras medullas — m. Starch, Mucilago 
 am.yli. 
 
 MUGILAGINEUX, Mucilaginous. 
 MUCILAG"INOUS, 3hicilagino'sus, Gummo'. 
 siis, Gummio'des, Gummido'des, (F .) 3Iticila(jineu.c. 
 Gummy. Resembling gum. That which pos- 
 sesses the character of mucilage. 
 MUCILAGO, Mucilage, Synovia. 
 Mucilago Aca'ci^, 31. Acacia Arab'icm, M. 
 Gummi Arah'iccB, 3Iucilage of aca'cia, 31. of g inn 
 Arabic. (AcaeitB gum. contus. ^iv; aq. bnllicni. 
 Oss. Rub the gum with the water gradually 
 added.) Demulcent. To allay cough ; but, chieflj', 
 to suspend insoluble matters in water, <tc. 
 
 Mucilago Am'ylt, Starch mucilage. [Amyli, 
 ^iij ; aqucB, Oj. Rub the starch with the water 
 gradually added ; then boil till it forms a muci- 
 lage. — Ph. L.) Demulcent. Generally given jc/ec 
 annm. 
 
 Mucilago Articulokum seu Junctuharcji, 
 Synovia. 
 
 Mucilago Astrag'ali Tragacan'th J5, 3f. tra- 
 gacanthcB (Ph. U.S.), 31. gummi tragacanthoB, -Vf4- 
 cilage of tragacanth. [Gummi tragneanth. ^} ; 
 aqucB bullient. Oj. Macerate for 24 hours; twitu- 
 
MUCIN 
 
 575 
 
 MULIEBROSUS 
 
 Tate till the gum is dissolved, and press through 
 linen.) For pharmaceutical purposes. 
 
 MuciLAGO Cretica, Misturae creta; — m. Gum- 
 mi Arabici, M. acaeiee — m. Seminis cydonii mali, 
 Decoctum cydoniae — m. Gummi tragacanthas, M. 
 astragali tragacanthje — m. Tragacanthffi, M. astra- 
 gali tragacanthae. 
 MUCIN, Mucus. 
 
 MUCIP'AROUS, Mucip'arus, from muctis, and 
 pario, 'I bring forth.' Mucous-producing; as 
 muciparous glands or follicles. 
 
 MUCKSWEAT, Desudatio. 
 
 MUCOCE'LE, Hernia sacci lacryma'lis, from 
 mucus, and Kr]\ri, 'rupture.' An enlargement or 
 protrusion of the mucous membrane of the lachry- 
 mal passages, giving occasion to fistula lacry- 
 m.alis. Also, dropsy of the lachrymal sac. 
 
 MUCO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
 
 MUCO-PU'RULENT, Muco-ptiriden'tus, Pyo- 
 hlen'nicus, from mucus, and pus. Having the 
 character or appearance of mucus and pus. 
 
 MUCOR, Euros, Mucus — m. Narium, Nasal 
 mucus. 
 
 MUCOSITAS, Mucus. 
 
 MUCOS'ITY, 3Iucos'itas. A fluid, which re- 
 sembles mucus, or contains a certain quantity 
 of it. 
 
 MUCOUS, Muco'sus. An epithet for all bodies 
 containing mucilage or mucus. It is, also, some- 
 times used synonymously with gummy. In pa- 
 thology, it is occasionally employed to express the 
 seat of a disease, as mucous disease, mucous 2Meg- 
 masia; that is, having its seat in a mucous mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Mucous CoKPUSCLES, See Mucus — m. Layer, 
 see Tache emhryonnaire — m. Membranes, see 
 Membranes — m. Web, Corpus mucosum. 
 
 MUCR^O, Apex. 
 
 MuCRO seu Cor'yphe seu Fundus seu Vertex 
 Cordis. The apex or point of the heart. 
 
 MucRO Humeri, Acromion. 
 
 MUCRONATA CARTILAGO, Xiphoid car- 
 tilage. 
 
 MUCRONATUM OS, Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 MU'CULENT, J/iicH^en'iifs, fromwiuci/s. Slimy, 
 viscid. 
 
 MUCUNA, see Dolichos pruriens — m. Pru- 
 riens, Dolichos pruriens — m. Prurita, see Do- 
 lichos. 
 
 MUCUS, Miicor, Muco'sus hmnnr, Mucos'itas, 
 Myxa, Mycus, Lape, Pitui'la, Zoomy'cus, Zoo- 
 myx'a, Pit'uite, Animal mucus, Blenna, Animal 
 mucilage, (F.) Muqueux animal, Morve, Mucilage 
 
 animal, presumed to be from mungere, 'to wipe 
 the nose.' A substance, analogous to vegetable 
 mucilage; from which, however, it differs, by 
 affording subcarbonate of ammonia on distilla- 
 tion. Mucus exudes through the skin, in a state 
 of combination with a peculiar oily matter ; and, 
 drying, forms the epidermis. It constitutes, in 
 part, the different epidermeous productions, as 
 the hair, nails, wool, and horn of animals, feathers 
 of birds, and scales of fish. It is found at the 
 surface of the mucous membranes, and presents 
 some difference in its composition and properties, 
 according to the particular mucous membrane 
 from which it is obtained. Its chief organic con- 
 stituent is an albuminous compound, — mucin. 
 Mucus preserves the membranes moist, and in a 
 state best fitted for the performance of their func- 
 tions. The French give the term glaire to ihe 
 thick, stringy mucus, secreted by the mueoas 
 membranes when in a state of disease. 
 
 When mucus is examined with the microscope 
 it is found to contain numerous epithelial scales 
 or flattened cells ; together with round, granular 
 bodies, which are commonly termed mucous cor- 
 puscles or mucous globtdes. 
 
 Mucus Carphodes, see Carphodes — m. Ca,^ 
 tharticus. Lichen Islandieus — m. Malpighii, Cor- 
 pus mucosum — m. Narium, Nasal mucus. 
 
 MUD-APPLE PLANT, Solanum melongena. 
 MUDAR, Madar. The Calotropis mudarii 
 seu madarii; or, according to the generality of 
 authorities, the C. gigante'a or Ascle'pias gigan- 
 te'a. In the Hindoo practice of physic, the bark 
 of the root, as well as the concrete juice of the 
 plant, enters into various compound formula for 
 the cure of elephantiasis and many other disor- 
 ders. Experiments instituted by Dr. Duncan, jr., 
 exhibit its properties to be like those of ipeca- 
 cuanha. 
 
 MUDGE'S INHALER, see Inhaler. 
 3IUGUET, Aphthas, Convallaria maialis — m. 
 des Bois, Aspervila odorata — m. de Mai, Conval-' 
 laria maialis. 
 
 MUGWORT, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 MULATRE, Mulatto. 
 
 MULATTO, (F.) Muldtre, (S.) IMafa. An 
 individual of the human species engendered of a 
 white and black race ; from muliis, ' a mule.' 
 
 The following table exhibits the proportion of 
 white blood in the various castes, — arising from 
 the hybridous admixture of white and black, — 
 according to the principles sanctioned by usage. 
 
 OFFSPRING. 
 
 DEGREE OP MIXTURE. 
 
 Negro and White, Mulatto, 1-2 White, 
 
 White and Mulatto, Terceron, 3-4 
 
 ■XT J TIT 1 ii. f GrilFo, Griff, or Zambo, "I , , 
 Negro and Mulatto, { ^^ gj^^j^ Terceron, | ^'^ 
 
 White and Terceron, Quarteron or Quadroon, 7-8 
 
 Negro and Terceron, Black Quarteron or Quadroon, 1-8 
 
 White and Quarteron, Quinteron, 15-16 
 
 Negro and Black Quarteron, Black Quinteron, 1-16 
 
 1-2 Hack. 
 1-4 
 
 3-4 
 
 1-8 
 
 7-8 — 
 
 1-16 
 
 16-16 
 
 The last two were considered to be respectively 
 white and black, in the British West India 
 Islands ; and the former, prior to modern changes, 
 were white by law, and consequently free. See 
 Half-caste. 
 
 MULBERRY CALCULUS, see Calculi, uri- 
 nary — m. Rash, see Typhus — m. Red, Morus 
 rubra — m. Tree, Morus nigra — m. Wild, Morus 
 rubra. 
 
 MULES (¥.), MulcB. Chilblains on the heels. 
 
 MULGB'DIUM ACUMINA'TUM, Lactu'ca 
 viUo'oa, Blue Lettuce; and 
 
 Mulge'dium Florida'num, Lactu'ca Florida' - 
 na, So7icJius Florida'nus, False Lettuce; indige- 
 nous plants ; Order, Compositfe ; have the repu- 
 tation of curing the bites of rattlesnakes. 
 
 MULIEBRIA, Menses, Vulva. 
 
 MULIEBRITY, Mulieritas. 
 
 MULIEBROS'ITAS, Philogyn'ia, from mulier, 
 'a woman,' mnliebra, 'appertaining to women.' 
 Fondness for women. Hence, Midiehro'sus, Mu- 
 liera'rius, and Midiero' sus ; one who is fond of 
 women. 
 
 MULIEBROSUS; see Muliebrositas 
 
MULIERARIUS 
 
 676 
 
 MUSA 
 
 MULIERARIUS, see Muliebrositas. 
 
 MULIE'RITAS, Mulieh'rUy, Womanhood,irom 
 vinb'er, 'a woman.' The state of puberty in the 
 female. 
 
 MULIEROSUS, see Muliebrositas. 
 
 MULIER PLENA, Pregnant. 
 
 MULLED WINE, see Wine. 
 
 MULLEIN, BLACK, Verbascum nigrum— m. 
 Uroad-leaved, gi-eat, Verbascum nigrum — m. 
 Yellow, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 MULLER, (F.) llouleur. A moulder. A stone 
 held in the hand, with which any powder is 
 ground upon a flat horizontal stone. It is some- 
 times called mullet, (F.) JfoUefte. 
 
 MULLIGRUBS, Tormina, Colic. 
 
 MULOMEDICINA, Veterinary art. 
 
 MULOMBDICUS, see Hippiater. 
 
 MULSA ACIDA, Oxyglycus. 
 
 MULSUM, Hydromeli — m. Vinosum, (Enomel. 
 
 MULTIFIDUS SPIN^, Transversalis dorsi. 
 
 MULTIFCETA'TION, Ifulfifceta'tio, from mul- 
 fii.9, ' many,' and foetiia. Pregnancy with more 
 than two foetuses. 
 
 MULTILOC'ULAR, IfuUilocuIa'ris, from mul- 
 tas, ' many,' and loculus, ' a cell.' Having many 
 cells or cavities. 
 
 MULTIMAM'M^, from muUm, 'many,' and 
 mamma, 'a breast.' A variety of hypergenesis, 
 i!i which there are supernumerary mammge. 
 
 MULTIP'AROUS, {¥.) Ifidtiparre, trommultns, 
 ' many,' and j>anVe, ' to bring forth.' One that 
 brings forth several young at the same time. Such 
 birth is called plural. 
 
 MULTITUDO, Plethora. 
 
 MULTIVORANTIA, Polyphagia, 
 
 MUMIA, Mummy. 
 
 MUMMIPICA'TION, from mummy, and fio, 
 ' to make.' Sceleteu' ate. The mode of preparing 
 t mummy. 
 
 MUMMY, Mumid, Arab. SToumya, from mum, 
 ' wax.' Beholea, Jiebona, (F.) Afomie. A dead 
 Dody simply dried, or dried after having been 
 embalmed. The latter acceptation is the most 
 common. Formerly, the Egyptian mummy was 
 extolled as useful in contusions. It was pre- 
 sumed, also, to have healing, tonic, and resolvent 
 properties. It is now only regarded as an archai- 
 cal curiosity. 
 
 MUMPS, Cynanche parotidea. 
 
 MUNC'TIO, Ajjomex'w, (F.) I' Action de mou- 
 cher. The act of blowing the nose. 
 
 MUNDIFICANTIA, Detergents. 
 
 MUNDIFICATIVA, Detergents. 
 
 MUND'TIA SPINO'SA. A plant of the A^«^ 
 Ord. Polygalese, which grows in Southern Africa, 
 and a decoction of whose branches is used in 
 atrophy, phthisis, &c. 
 
 MUNGOS RADIX, Ophiorrhiza mungos. 
 
 MUNIMENTUM CASTITATIS, Hymen, 
 
 3IUQUEUX ANIMAL, Mucus. 
 
 MUR, Coryza. 
 
 MURAL, Mura'lis, from murus, 'a wall.' Ve- 
 sical calculi are so called when rugous and co- 
 vered with tubercles or asperities. They are 
 composed of oxalate of lime. 
 
 MURE, Moro, see Morus nigra. 
 
 MU'RI^., Halme, Sakila'ijn, Brine, (F.) Sau- 
 inure. This was formerly used as a glyster in 
 dysentery, in certain inveterate neuralgias, &c. 
 
 MtiRiA, Soda, muriate of. 
 
 MURIAS AURICO-NATRICUM, see Gold. 
 
 MURIATE B'AMiMONIAQUE, Ammonite 
 murias — m. d' Ammoniaque e( defer, Fcrrum am- 
 iconiatum — ?«. d'Or, Gold, muriate of, see Gold. 
 
 MURIAT'IO ACID, from muria; Ac"idum 
 kalis, Spir'itus salia mari'ni, Sp. salts Glaubc'ri, 
 Aeidvrr' mari'num concentru'tum, Acidnm salia 
 eu'iua'ria, Acidum salU marini, Sinr'itus salts 
 
 ac"idus seufiimans, Acidum hydrocJilor'icum si , 
 mtiriaticum, Sinrit of salt, (F.) Acide hydrochlo- 
 rique ou muriatique. An aqueous solution of 
 chlorohydric acid gas of s. g. 1.16. The odour 
 of muriatic acid is suifocating,- taste very acid 
 and caustic. It is nearly colourless when pure ; 
 but commonly of a pale yellow j volatile; the 
 fumes visible. Muriatic acid is possessed of tonic 
 and antiseptic properties. It is used in typhus ; 
 cutaneous eruptions ; in gargles for inflammatory 
 and putrid sore throats, (gtt. sxx to f^vj of wa- 
 ter,) &c. When added to a pediluvium, it ren- 
 ders it stimulating. 
 
 Acidum Muriat'icum Dilu'tum of the Ph. U. 
 S. contains four ounces, by measure, of muriatic 
 acid to twelve ounces of distilled water. 
 
 MURIDE, Bromine. 
 
 MURIER NOIR, Morus nigra. 
 
 MURIGENE, Chlorine. 
 
 MURINA, Bromine. 
 
 MURMUR, (F.) Murmure. A word existing 
 both in the Romanic and Teutonic languages, and 
 probably a variety of onomatopoeia,- — mur mur 
 expressing the kind of sound which the word in- 
 dicates. A low continued^ or continuously re- 
 peated sound, as that of flame, or of a stream 
 running pver a stony bottom. 
 
 Murmur Aubium, Tinnitus Aurium — m. In- 
 testinale seu intestinorum seu Ventris, Borboryg- 
 mus. 
 
 Murmur, Res'piratort. The noise heard 
 during inspiration and expiration, especially the 
 former. It is produced by the passage of the air 
 through the bronchial tubes and into the air-cells. 
 Ii has been also called murmur of the expansion 
 of the liinc/s ,■ and, when distinctly vesicular, i?e- 
 apiration of the cells or vesicular respiration, (F.) 
 Respiration, vesicv.laire. Vesicular respiration is 
 of course absent when the cells of the lungs have 
 been obliterated from any cause. We may then 
 have the Respiration nulle. Absence du bruit re- 
 spiratoire, Silence, and Respiration silencieuse of 
 the French writers. 
 
 At times, it is rude during inspiration or expi- 
 ration, or both — the Respiration rude or R. rd~ 
 peuse of the French. At others, there is a blow- 
 ing sound, (F.) Souffle, Respiration sonfflattte, as 
 if some one were blowing into the auseultator's 
 ear through a tube. This is heard in the healthy 
 state over the larynx, trachea, and about the bi- 
 furcation of the bronchia; but when it proceeds 
 from the lungs it denotes disease. It may be 
 tubtdar or diffttsed. In the former, the whiffing 
 murmurs apj)ear to occur in a space limited to the 
 immediate neighbourhood of the part examined. 
 In the latter, they are produced with but mode- 
 rate intensity, and sometimes at a distance from 
 the ear, over a tolerably extended space. 
 
 The respiration, perceived over the trachea and 
 bronchia in health, is called tracheal or bronchial 
 or tubal, (F.) Respiration bronchique, Sotiffle iti- 
 baire, according to the situation in which it is 
 heard. 
 
 Murmur, Uterine, Bruit placentaire — m. 
 Utero-placental, Bruit pilacentaire. 
 
 Murmur, Whiffing, see Murmur, respiratory. 
 
 MURR, Mttrrain, from A. S. mypjxhan, ' to 
 destroy,' or from {'L.)mori, 'to die.' (F.) Clavcau, 
 Glavelee, Pestilential Fever. An epizootic, per- 
 haps contagious, disease, having some j-csemblanco 
 to small-pox, which affects cattle — especially 
 sheep; and is said to have been transferred to 
 man. 
 
 Murrain, Coryza, Murr. 
 
 MURREN, Coryza. 
 
 MUSA, M. Paradisiaca — m. Cliffortian.a, M. 
 Paradisiaea — m. Mcnsarin, M. Pnrailisiac.i. 
 
 MnSA ParADISi'ACA, Mt:s«, M. Maisu'ria SCU 
 
3IUS0 
 
 577 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 Cliffortia'na, Amusa, Palma Lu'iniUs, Ficua Tn'- 
 dlca, Bata, Plat'anus. The Plantain tree. Fa- 
 mili/, Musaceae. Sex. Si/st. Hexandria Monogy- 
 nia. It growa in many parts of India and South 
 America. The fruit, ■which is largely eaten for 
 bread, consists of a mealy substance. It is clam- 
 my; has a sweetish taste, and will dissolve in the 
 mouth without chewing. The whole spike of 
 fruit often weighs forty or fifty poui^ds. The 
 leaves of the tree serve the Indians for table- 
 cloths and napkins. Being smooth and soft, they 
 are also employed as dressings for blisters. The 
 water from the soft trunk is astringent, and 
 sometimes used in diarrhoea. 
 
 MusA Sapien'tum. The Bana'na tree, Baco'- 
 ba, (F.) Bananier, Bacove. This differs some- 
 what from the last. The fruit, Bana'na, (S.) 
 P'atano, is shorter, straighter, and rounder; the 
 pulp softer and of a more luscious taste. When 
 ripe, it is very agreeable ; it is eaten like the 
 plantain, and relished by all ranks of people in 
 the West Indies. Both varieties are natives of 
 Guinea. 
 
 MUSC, Musk. 
 
 MUSCA HISPANICA, Cantharis. 
 
 MUSC^ ENTO -HYALOID, see Metamor- 
 phopsia — m. Volitantes, see Metamori^hopsia. 
 
 MUSCADE, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 MUSCADIER, Myristica moschata. 
 
 MUSCERDA, Moschardina. 
 
 MUSCLE, IIus'culuB, Torus, Mys, Myon, from 
 pus, 'a rat;' because, say some etymologists, the 
 ancients compared the muscles to flayed rats. 
 According to Diemerbroeck, Douglass, Chaussier, 
 Ac, \KTni>v comes rather from ^avciv, 'to close,' 'to 
 move,' <&c., a function proper to muscles. This 
 etymon is the more probable. Muscles have been 
 divided into those of Animal life or of the Ife of 
 relation — voluntary muscles — which execute 
 movements under the influence of the wUl ; as 
 
 the muscles of the limbs, head, trunk, &c., and 
 into those of organic life — involuntary muscles — 
 which contract under the influence of certain spe- 
 cial stimuli; as the heart, fleshy fibres of the 
 stomach, &c. Mixed muscles are those which 
 belong partly to each of these divisions ; — as the 
 muscles of respu-ation ; the sphincters, Ac. Mus- 
 cles that act in Disposition to each other are called 
 antagonists ; thus, every extensor has a flexor 
 for an aatagonist, and conversely. Muscles that 
 concur in the same action are termed congene- 
 rous. The muscles present numerous varieties in 
 form, size, situation, use, &c., and have been di- 
 vided, by some, into long, broad, and short. Each 
 of these divisions comprises simple and compound 
 muscles. Simple or rectilinear muscles have all 
 their fibres in a similar direction, and only one 
 body — as the Sartorius, Pronator quadratns, <tc. 
 Compound muscles are those which have only one 
 belly and several tendons, as the flexors of the, 
 fingers and toes ; or several bellies and several ' 
 tendons, — as the biceps flexor cubiti, sacro-lum- 
 balis, <fec. To the compound muscles belong, 
 also, the radiated muscles. Their fibres set out 
 from a common centre, and are arranged like the 
 radii of a circle ; — such are the diapliragm, ilia- 
 cus, temporal, &c. Pennated or Penniform llus- 
 cles. Their fibres are arranged in two rows, 
 which are united at a median line, at greater or 
 less angles ; nearly as the feathers are inserted 
 into a quill. The palmaris longus is one of these. 
 Semi-penniform muscles: their fibres are oblique, 
 as in the last case; but they are inserted only ca 
 one side of the tendon. Holloio Muscles are,— 
 the heart, intestines, urinary bladder, &c. 
 
 Much difference has existed in the enumera- 
 tion of muscles. Some authors reckon them at 
 upwards of 400. Chaussier admits only 368. 
 The greater part of them ai'e in pairs. Very few 
 are azygous. 
 
 TABLE OF THE MUSCLES, ARRANGED AFTER THE MANNER OF DR. BARCLAY, 
 ACCORDING TO THEIR ACTIONS. 
 
 Forwards by 
 
 Platysma myoides, 
 Sterno-mastoideus, 
 Rectus anticus major, 
 " " iiiinor, 
 
 Jlssisted (when the lower jaw is 
 fixed) by 
 
 Mylo-hyoideus, 
 Genio-hyoideus, 
 Genio-liyo-glossus, 
 Digastrici. 
 
 THE HEAD IS MOVED 
 
 Backwards by 
 
 Part of trapezius, 
 Splenius capitis, 
 Coniplexus, 
 Traclielo-mastoideus, 
 Rectus posticus major, 
 " " minor, 
 
 Obliquus capitis superior. 
 
 To either side by 
 
 Platysma myoides, 
 St«rno-mastoideus, 
 Part of trapezius, 
 Splenius capitis, 
 
 " colli, 
 Trachelo-mastoideus, 
 Complexus. 
 
 Forwards by 
 
 Platysma myoides, 
 
 Sterno-mastoideus, 
 
 Digastricus, 
 
 Mylo-hyoideus, 
 
 Genio-hyoideus, 
 
 Gsnio-hyo-glossus 
 
 Omo hyoidei, 
 
 Sterno-hyoidei, 
 
 Thyro-hyoidei, 
 
 Rectus anticus minor, 
 
 Longus colli. 
 
 37 
 
 THE NECK IS MOVED 
 
 Backwards by 
 
 Part of trapezius, 
 Rhomboideijs minor, 
 Serratus posticus superior, 
 Splenius capitis, 
 
 " colli, 
 Complexus, 
 Trachelo-mastoideus, 
 Transversalis colli, 
 Inter-spinales colli, 
 Semi-spinales colli, 
 Rectus posticus major, 
 
 " " minor, 
 
 Obliquus capitis superior, 
 " " inferior, 
 
 Scaleni postici. 
 Levator scapulce. 
 
 Laterally by 
 
 Various combinations of those mus 
 cles which separately move it for- 
 wards and backwards, assisted by 
 the scaleni, intertransversales, and 
 recti laterales. 
 
MUSCLE 578 MUSCLE 
 
 THE TRUNK IS MOVED 
 
 Forwards hy Backwards by Laterally Uf 
 
 Rectus abdominis, Trapezius, Obliquus externus, 
 
 Pyramidalis, Rliomboideus major, " internus, 
 
 Obliquus externus abdominis, Latissimus dorsi, Q,uadratus lumborum, 
 
 Obli(iuus internus, Serratus posticus superior, Longissimus dorsi. 
 
 Psoas ma^rnus, " " inferior, Sacro-lumbalis, 
 
 '• parvus, Sacro-lumbalis, " Serrati postici, 
 Longissimus dorsi, Latissimus dorsi 
 
 Assisted {wken the arms are carried Spinales dorsi, 
 
 forwards) by Senii-spinales dorsi, 
 
 Pectoralis major, Multifidus spina; _ 
 
 minor Inter-transversales dorsi et lurabo- 
 
 Serratus magnus. rum. 
 
 THE SCAPULA IS MOVED 
 Upwards by Downwards by Forwards by Backwards bf 
 
 Trapezius, Lower part of trapezius, Pectoralis minor. Part of trapezius. 
 
 Levator scapulEB, Latissimus dorsi, Serratus raagnus. Rhomboidei, 
 
 Ehomboidei. Pectoralis minor. Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 THE HUMERUS IS MOVED 
 
 Forwards by Backwards by Inwards by Rotated inwards bg 
 
 Part of deltoid, Part of deltoid, Part of pectoralis major, Subseapularis, 
 
 Part of pectoralis major, Teres major, Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 " minor, Assisted occasionally bjf 
 
 Assisted in some circum- Long head of triceps, Pectoralis major, 
 
 stances by Latissimus dorsi. Latissimus and teres ma- 
 
 Biceps, jor. 
 
 Coraco-brachialis. 
 
 Outwards by 
 
 Supra-spinatus, 
 Infra-spinatus, 
 Teres minor. 
 
 THE FORE-ARM IS MOVED 
 Forwards by Backwards by Rotated inwards by 
 
 Biceps, Triceps, Pronator teres, 
 
 Brachi'alis anticus, Anconeus. Flexor carpi radialis, 
 
 Pronator teres, Palmaris longus, 
 
 Flexor sublimis. 
 Assisted by . Pronator quadratus, 
 
 Flexor carpi radialis. Outwards by 
 
 " sublimis, * 
 
 " ulnaris. Biceps, 
 
 Supinator longus. Supinator brevis. 
 
 Extensor secundi inter- 
 nodii. 
 
 THE CARPUS IS MOVED 
 
 ' Forwards by Backwards by Outwards by Inwards by 
 
 Flexor carpi radialis, Extensor carpi radialis Flexor carpi radialis. Flexor sublimis, 
 
 Palmaris longus, longior, Extensor carpi radialis " carpi ulnaris. 
 
 Flexor sublimis, Extensor carpi radialis longior, " profundus, 
 
 " carpi ulnaris, brevior. Extensor carpi radialis Extensor communis dig|. 
 
 •■ profundus, ' Extensor secundi inter- brevior, torum. 
 
 " longus poliicis. nodii. Extensor ossis metacarpi. Extensor minimi digiti, 
 
 Indicator, Extensor primi internodii. Extensor carpi ulnaris. 
 Extensor communis digi- 
 
 torum. 
 Extensor proprius poUicis. 
 
 THE THUMB IS MOVED 
 
 Upwards and forwards. 
 
 Inwards and forwards. Outwards and backwards away from the other Jin- Backwards and inwards, 
 
 across the palm, by by gers, by to the other fingers, by 
 
 Oppnnens pollicie, Extensor ossis metacarpi Abductor, Adductor, 
 
 ftexor brevis, poliicis. Extensor primi internodii, 
 
 " longus Extensor primi internodii. Assisted by part of tin Extensor secundi inter. 
 
 Extensor secundi inter- Flexor brevis. nodii. 
 
 nodii. 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 579 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 THE FINGERS ARE MOVED 
 
 Forwards, or flexed, by 
 
 Flexor siiblimis, 
 
 " profundus, 
 Lumbricales, 
 liitoriissei, 
 Flexor brevis digiti ir 
 
 riiini, 
 Abductor digiti minimi. 
 
 Backwards, or extended, by 
 
 Extensor communis, 
 
 " minimi digiti, 
 Indicator. 
 
 Outwards, to radial bor- 
 der, by 
 
 Abductor indicis, 
 
 " digiti minimi, 
 Interossei. 
 
 Inwards Jyg 
 
 Abductor digiti minima 
 
 Interossei. 
 
 THE THIGH IS MOVED 
 
 Forwards by 
 
 Psoas magnua, 
 Iliacus, 
 
 Tensor vaginfe femoris, 
 Pectineus, 
 Adductor longiis, 
 brevis. 
 
 Backaards by 
 
 Gluteus maximus, 
 Part of gluteus medius, 
 Pyriformis, 
 Obturator internus, 
 Part of adductor magnus, 
 Long head of biceps, 
 Semi-tendinosus, 
 Semi-membranosus. 
 
 Inwards by 
 
 Psoas magnus, 
 
 Iliacus, 
 
 Pectineus, 
 
 Gracilis, 
 
 Adductor longus, 
 " brevis, 
 " magnus, 
 
 Obturator externus, 
 
 (iuadratus femoris. 
 
 Outwards by 
 
 Tensor vaginse femoria. 
 Gluteus maximus, 
 " medius, 
 " minimus, 
 Pyriformis. 
 
 THE THIGH IS ROTATED 
 
 Inwards by 
 
 Tensor vacitiis femoris, 
 Part of gluteus medius, 
 
 ■^nd, when the leg is ex- 
 tended, by 
 
 Sartorius. 
 Semi-tendinosus. 
 
 Outwards by 
 
 Gluteus maximus, 
 Part of gluteus medius, 
 Pyriformis, 
 Gemellus superior. 
 Obturator Internus, 
 Gemellus inferior, 
 Qiiadratus femoris. 
 Obturator externus, 
 Psoas magnus, 
 Iliacus, 
 
 Adductor longus, 
 " brevis, 
 " magnus. 
 Biceps cruris, slightly. 
 
 THE LEG IS MOVED 
 Backwards, or flexed, by Extended by 
 
 Semi-tendinosus, 
 
 Biceps, 
 
 Semi-membranosus, 
 
 Gracilis, 
 
 Sartorius, 
 
 Popliteus. 
 
 Rectus, 
 Crureus, 
 
 Vastus externus, 
 " internus. 
 
 Forwards, or flexed, by 
 
 Tibialis anticus, 
 Extensor proprius pollicis. 
 Extensor longus digito- 
 
 rum, 
 Peroneus tertius. 
 
 THE FOOT IS MOVED 
 Backwards, or extended by Inclined inwards by 
 
 Gastrocnemius, 
 
 Plantaris, 
 
 Soleus. 
 
 Flexor longus diiitorum, 
 
 " longus pollicis. 
 Tibialis posticus, 
 Peroneus lonsus, 
 " brevis. 
 
 Extensor proprius pollicis. 
 Flexor longus dijjitorura, 
 
 longus pollicis. 
 Tibialis posticus. 
 
 Outwards by 
 
 Peroneus longus, 
 brevis. 
 Extensor longus 
 
 rum, 
 Peroneus tertius. 
 
 digito 
 
 Sacheards, or flexed, by 
 
 Abductor pollicis, 
 Flexor brevis digitorum. 
 Abductor minimi digiti. 
 Flexor longus pollicis, 
 
 " digitorum, 
 
 " accessorius, 
 Lumbricales, 
 Flexor brevis pollicis. 
 Adductor pollicis. 
 Flexor brevis minimi di- 
 
 eiti, 
 Interossei. 
 
 THE TOES AEE MOVED 
 Forwards, or extended, by Inclined inwards by 
 
 longus digito- 
 
 Extensor 
 
 rum. 
 Extensor proprius pollicis, 
 " brevis digitorum. 
 
 Abductor pollicis, 
 Interossei. 
 
 Outwards by 
 
 Adductor pollicis, 
 
 " digiti minimis 
 Interossei. 
 
MUSCLE CAXIN 
 
 580 
 
 MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS 
 
 Mnscles Lave been variously named. 1. Ac- 
 cordiitg to their uses, as diaphragm, buccinator, 
 extensors, flexors, adductors, abductors, le%'ators, 
 depressors, &c. 2. According to their position, 
 as interspinales, interossei, subclavius, poplitseus, 
 anconeus, eubitalis, iliacus, temporalis, Ac. 3. 
 According to their shape, as trapezius, splenius, 
 Inmbricalis, serratus, digastric, deltoid, scalenus, 
 rhomboides, <fec. 4. According to their dimen- 
 sions, as pectoralis major, rectus capitis anticus 
 major, pectoralis minor, glutseus maximus, me- 
 dius, and minimus. 5. According to their direc- 
 tion, as obliquus abdominis, transversalis abdo- 
 minis, rectus femoris, rectus abdominis, &c. 6. 
 According to their composition, as semi-membra- 
 nosus, semi-tendinosus, complexus, &c. 7. Ac- 
 cording to their attachments, or the diflferent 
 points of the skeleton to wMch they are connect- 
 ed by means of tendons or aponeuroses ; as 
 stemo-eleido-mastoideus, sterno-hyoideus, &c. 
 On this is grounded the nomenclature of M. Du- 
 mas, and that of Chaussier. 
 
 The end of the muscle, which adheres to the 
 most fixed part, is usually called the origin or 
 head, (F.) Ttfe ; and that which adheres to the 
 more moveable part, the insertion or tail, (F.) 
 Queue ; the intervening part or lodi/ of the mus- 
 cle being called the venter or beUi/, Venter mus'- 
 culi, Me'dium mits'enli : hence the names gastro- 
 cnemii, digastricus, biceps, and, triceps j accord- 
 ing as they have two bellies, two or three heads, 
 &c. 
 
 Muscles are formed, — 1. Essentially of the 
 muscular or fleshy fibre, (see Muscular Fibre.) 
 2. Of Areolar tissue, which unites together the 
 fibres. This areolar tissue is not very visible 
 between the fine and loose fibres ; but becomes 
 more so, when they unite in more considerable 
 fasciculi. It forms, moreover, to each muscle, an 
 external envelope, which unites it to the neigh- 
 bouring parts, and admits of its motion. This 
 envelope was formerly called Tu'nica propiria 
 musculo' rum. 3. Of Arteries. These jjroceed 
 from neighbouring trunks, and are, generally, 
 very large. Their size and number are always 
 in proportion to the bulk of the muscle. With 
 the exception of some viscera, as the lungs and 
 the kidneys, there are few organs that receive as 
 much blood as the muscles. 4. Of Veins. They 
 follow the same course in the muscles as the ar- 
 teries. Bichat asserts that they are generally 
 devoid of valves. 5. Of Lymphatics. Of these 
 we know little, and cannot easily follow them 
 between the fleshy fibres. 6. Of Nerves. These 
 are numerous, and of difi'erent sizes. They, al- 
 most all, proceed from the encephalon ,• some, 
 however, issue from ganglions, and accompany 
 the arteries. In general, they penetrate the 
 fleshy tissue along with the vessels, to which 
 they are narrowly united. After they have en- 
 tered the muscles, they divide and subdivide 
 until they are lost sight of. 
 
 3IUSCLE CANIN, Levator anguli oris — m. 
 Canncle, Ischio-trochanterianus. 
 
 Muscle of Gavakd. The oblique muscular 
 fibres of the stomach. 
 
 MUSCLE GRAND FESSIER, Glutseus ma- 
 jor — m. of Guthrie, Compressor Urethraj — m. of 
 Homer, Tensor Tarsi — m. of Houston, Compres- 
 sor venae dorsalis penis — m. tres Lc^rge du dos, 
 Latissimus dorsi — m, of Wilson, ComjiVessor ure- 
 thrse. 
 
 MUS'CULAR, Muacuia'ris, Ilunculo'evs, Toro'- 
 gus That which belongs or relates to the mus- 
 cles. Well furnished with muscles. 
 
 Muscular Ar'teries. Arteries that are dis- 
 tributed to the muscles. The name. Muscular 
 Arteries of the eye, has been especially given to 
 
 two branches sent off by the ophthalmic artery: 
 — the one, inferior, which furnishes branches to 
 the rectus inferior oculi, lachrymal sac, &c., and 
 some of the anterior ciliary arteries : the other 
 — the superior, which is sometimes wanting; but, 
 when it exists, gives branches to the rectus su- 
 perior oeuli and levator palpebra superioris. 
 
 Muscular Costrac'tion. The exertion of the 
 power, possessed by muscles, of shortening them- 
 selves, or of contracting to produce motion : — 
 muscular motion being the change in the situa- 
 tion and relation of organs, induced by muscular 
 contraction. When a muscle contracts, its fibres 
 assume more the zigzag direction, and the extre- 
 mities approximate ; but the bulk of the whole 
 muscle is not augmented. This contraction takes 
 place, at times, with extreme velocity: a single 
 thrill, in the letter r, can be pronounced in the 
 1-30, 000th part of a minute. The force of con- 
 traction, Myody'namis, depends upon the healthy 
 physical condition of the muscle, combined with 
 due energy of the brain. The duration, in vo- 
 luntary motion, is for a certain time dependent 
 upon the will : — contractions, excited involunta- 
 rily, cannot be so long maintained. 
 
 Muscular Fibre, Fleshy fibre, Filum muscu- 
 la're, Fibril'la muscxdu'ris. A name given to 
 the filaments, which, by their union, form the 
 muscles. This fibre is flat, soft, downy, linear, 
 little elastic, more or less red; and arranged in 
 zigzag according to its length, which is variable. 
 It is firmer in adults than in the young or the 
 aged; of the same size in the great and small 
 muscles ; and runs its course without bifurcation 
 or ramification. It is but slightly resisting in the 
 dead body, tearing readily; but during life it 
 supports very great efforts without laceration. It 
 is, itself, composed of a considerable number of 
 fibrils, similar to each other, and subdividing al- 
 most ad infinitum. The ultimate filaments into 
 which the fibre can be decomposed by mechani- 
 cal means seem to be hollow or tubular. The 
 fibre exists under two forms, the striated or 
 stripied, and the non-striated, smooth or unstriped; 
 the muscles composed of the former ministering, 
 as a general rule, to the animal functions, — 
 the latter always, perhaps, to the organic. The 
 colour of the muscular fibres is red in man, and 
 white in several animals. A greater or less 
 number, — united in fasciculi, Fascic'uli seu 
 Lacer'ti museido'rum, approximated to each other, 
 and forming a distinct mass, of very variable 
 size and shape, the extremities being attached to 
 bones by means of tendons, — constitutes a muscle. 
 In this are included areolar membrane, vessels 
 and nerves. See Muscle. 
 
 Muscular Nerves. The nerves distributed 
 to the muscles are so named. AVinslow calls the 
 4th pair of nerves — Nerf musculaire oblique au- 
 pjerieur. 
 
 Muscular SrsTEsr. A term given to the ag- 
 gregate of the muscles of the body. 
 
 Muscular Veins. These bring back the 
 blood, which has been carried to the muscles by 
 the muscular arteries. 
 
 MUSCULARIS. Corroborant. 
 
 MUSCULA'TION. see Locomotion. 
 
 MUSCULI ACCESSORII AD SACRO-LUM- 
 BALEM, see Sacro-lumbalis — m. Papillares, Co- 
 lumnaj carneae — m. Pectinati, Pectinated muscles. 
 
 MUS'CULO-CUTA'XEOUS, Ilus'culo-cvta'- 
 7?eH8, from musculus, 'a muscle,' and cwfi'*, 'skin.' 
 That which appertains to muscles and skin. 
 
 MuscuLO-CuTANEous Nerve. This name is 
 especially given to two nerves ; — the one, the 
 External cutaneous nerve, furnished by the bra- 
 chial plexus (see Cutaneous: — ) the other, given 
 off from the poplitOEUs externus, (F.) Nerf Sciat- 
 
MUSCULO-RACHID^US 
 
 581 
 
 MTCE 
 
 iqfie, Poph'ii externe, Pretihio digital, (Ch.) It 
 descends on the anterior and outer part of the 
 leg, — at first, hid among the muscles ; becomes 
 superficial about the middle of the leg ; and di- 
 vides into two branches, which pass superficially 
 on the back of the foot. Two musculo-cutaneous 
 nerves — superior and inferior — proceed from the 
 first lumbar. The superior musculo-cutaneous — 
 iV io-scrotal, il'io-hypogas'tricas — which divides 
 into two branches, — abdominal and scrotal. The 
 inferior musculo-cutaneous is smaller than the 
 superior, and is distributed as its name, il'io-in'- 
 guinal, indicates. 
 
 MUSCULO-RACHID^'US. Belonging or re- 
 lating to muscles and to the spine. A name given 
 to branches, furnished behind by the intercostal, 
 lumbar, and sacral arteries, which are distri- 
 buted to the spine and to the muscles of the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 MUSCULOSA EXPANSIO, Platysma my- 
 oides. 
 
 MUSCULO-SPIRAL NERVE, Radial nerve. 
 
 MUSCULOSUS, Muscular. 
 
 MUSCULUS ACCLIVIS, Obliquus internns 
 abdominis — m. Auxiliarius, Pyramidalis abdomi- 
 nis — m. Constrictorius, Sphincter — m. Cutaneus, 
 Platysma myoides — m. Eustachii, Laxator tym- 
 pani — m. Fallopii, Pj'ramidalis abdominis — m. 
 Femoris membranosus. Fascia lata — m. Patientise, 
 Levator scapulaj — m. Penicillatus, Levator labii 
 inferioris — m. Pyxoides terrestris. Lichen pyxi- 
 datus — m. Scandularius, Parathenar — m. Subcu- 
 taneus, Platysma myoides — m. Succenturiatus, 
 P}"ramidalis abdominis — m. Succingens, Dia- 
 phragm — m. Supercilii, Corrugator supercilii — 
 m. Testicondus, Cremaster — m. Testis, Cremaster 
 — m. Tubse novte, Circumflexus. 
 
 MUSCUS ARBOREUS, Lichen plicatus— m. 
 Caninus, Lichen eaninus — m. Catharticus, Lyco- 
 podium selago — m. Clavatus, Lycopodium — m. 
 Corallinus, Corallina Corsicana — m. Cranii hu- 
 mani. Lichen saxatilis — m. Erectus, Lycopodium 
 selago — m. Helminthocortos, Corallina Corsicana 
 — m. Islandicus, Lichen islandicus — m. Marinus, 
 Corallina Corsicana — m. Maritimus, Corallina — 
 m. Pulmonarius quercinus, Lichen pulmonarius 
 — m. Pyxidatus, Lichen pyxidatus — m. Villosus, 
 Peristroma. 
 
 3IUSEAU BE TANCHE, Os uteri. 
 
 MUSEUM ANATOM'ICUM, Supel'lex ana- 
 tom'iea. An anatomical museum. 
 
 MUSHROOM, Fungus. 
 
 MUSIC, Mu'sica, (F.) Jfusique, from ftovcra, 
 musa, 'a song.' The art of producing harmo- 
 nious and eadenced sounds ; an art, which has, 
 at times, been beneficially used in diseases, par- 
 ticularly in those of the mind ; or on which the 
 mind could act in a salutary manner. 
 
 MUSICOMA'jSTIA, 3Iusoma'nia, from music, 
 and mania, A variety of monomania in which 
 the passion for music is carried to such an extent 
 as to derange the intellectual faculties. 
 
 MUSING, LISTLESS, Aphelxia otiosa, 
 
 MUSIQUE, Music. 
 
 MUSK, Moschus, Ifosch (Arab.), (F.) 3fusc. 
 A peculiar concrete animal substance, of a very 
 diffusible odour, bitter taste, and a deep brown 
 colour : solid, and enclosed in a sac found near 
 the anus of the 3foschus moscJiif'erus or 3Iusk 
 Deer. It is possessed of stimulant and antispas- 
 modic properties. Dose, gr. v to ^j in bolus. 
 
 Musk, Artific"ial, 3Ioschus factit"ius, Eesi'- 
 na Snc'cini. (^01. succini recti/. 1 part, acid, 
 nitric. 4 parts. Digest; — a black matter will be 
 deposited, which must be well washed with water.) 
 
 MUSKilRAPE FLOWER, Bulbus vomitorius. 
 
 MUSKMALLOW. Hiliiscus abclmoschus. 
 
 MUSKROOT, Sumbul. 
 
 MUSKSEED, see Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 MUSKWOOD, Thymiama. 
 
 MUSOMANIA, Musicomauia. 
 
 MUSQUITO, Mosquito. 
 
 MUSS^N'DAFRONDO'SA,i?e?277a,i?c7e'.so,-». 
 A decoction of this plant has been esteemed re- 
 frigerant. 
 
 MUSSEL, Mytilus edulis. 
 
 MUSSITA'TIO, 3Iussita'tion, from mnssitnre, 
 itself from mussare, ' to murmur.' A condition, 
 in which the tongue and lips move, as in the act 
 of speaking, but without sounds being produced. 
 This sort of murmuring is an unfavourable sign 
 in disease, as indicating great cerebral debility. 
 
 MUSTA'CEUM : from 3Iustacea, a kind of 
 laurus used in making it. A kind of wedding- 
 cake used by the ancients, which consisted of 
 meal, aniseed, cummin, and several other aroma- 
 tics j its object — it has been conceived — being to 
 prevent or remove the indigestion occasioned by 
 too great indulgence at the marriage feast. 
 
 MUSTACHE, Mvstax. 
 
 MUSTARD, BLACK, Sinapis — m. Clammy, 
 Polanisia graveolens — m. Essence of, White- 
 head's, see Sinapis — m. False, Polanisia graveo- 
 lens — m. Hedge, Erysimum — m. Mithridate, 
 Thlaspi campestre — m. Stinking hedge, Alliaria 
 — m. Treacle, Thlaspi arvense — m. White, Sina- 
 pis alba — m. Wild, Sinapis arvensis. 
 
 MUSTELANEUS, Galeancon. 
 
 IdUSTUM, Wort. 
 
 MUTACIS'MUS, 3Iu'tacism, from nvraKiaw, 
 ' I use the letter m too frequentlj'.' ■ A vicious 
 pronunciation; consisting, according to Sauvages, 
 in the frequent repetition of the letters B, p, and 
 M, which are substituted for others. 
 
 MUTA'TIO SEXtlS. A change or conversion 
 of sex. A notion prevailed in antiquity that 
 such a conversion was possible. 
 
 MUTEO'SIS. Under this name is compre- 
 hended every phenomenon of expression, volun- 
 tary and involuntary, which impresses the sight 
 or touch. 
 
 MUTILA'TIOISr, 3futila'tio, Ifaiming, from 
 mutilus, 'broken.' The removal or privation of 
 a limb, or of some other external part of the body. 
 In all countries, this crime has been punished 
 with severitv. 
 
 MUTINUS, Penis, 
 
 3IUTIS3IE, Mutitas. 
 
 MU'TITAS, mutus, 'dumb.' Oltumescen'tia, 
 Ala'lia, Anau'dia, Dumbness, Speech' lessness, (F.) 
 3Iutisme, 3Iutite. Impossibility of articulating 
 sounds ; although they can be elicited. Dumb- 
 ness is often congenital, and united with deaf- 
 ness, of which it is an effect. In some eases it is 
 accidental. 
 
 Mutitas Surdo'rum, AjjTio'jiia Surdorum, Sur- 
 domu'titas, Deaf-dumhness. Speechlessness from 
 deafness ; congenital, or produced during infancy. 
 The subjects of this affection are called deaf- 
 duvib, (F.) Sonrds-muets. 
 
 3TUTITI:, Mutitas. 
 
 MUTO, Penis. 
 
 MUTONIATUS. Mcmbrosus. 
 
 3WTTERK0EN, Ergot. 
 
 MUTTON TEA. Prepared from a pound of 
 mutton, freed from the fat and cut into thin slices ; 
 and a pint and a half of boiling soft icafer poured 
 over them, as in the case of beef tea ; except that 
 it requires to be boiled for half an hour after the 
 maceration, before it is strained through a sieve. 
 
 MUTUNNUS, Priapus. 
 
 MYACANTIIA, Ruscus. 
 
 MYALGIA. Cramp. 
 
 MYASTHENI'A, f-om ^ivg, 'a muscle.' and 
 atrSfi'tim, ' debilitv.' Muscular debility. 
 
 MYCE, Ocolui<ion. 
 
MYCES 
 
 582 
 
 MTOLEMMA 
 
 MYCES, Fungus. 
 
 MYCHMUS, Suspirium. 
 
 MYCHTHISMUS, Moaning, Suspirium. 
 
 MYCODERM'A, My'coderm; from nvKr,q, 'a 
 mushroom,' and Sspfia, ' skin.' A cryptogamous 
 growth, which constitutes the crusts of favus. 
 See Porrigo favosa. 
 
 Mycoderma Cebevisi^, Torula cerevisise. 
 
 MYCODES, Fungoid. 
 
 MYCORTHOPNCE'A; from [ivko;, 'mucus,' 
 and opdoTzvoia, ' difficulty of breathing except 
 when in the erect attitude.' Orthopncea from 
 excessive secretion of mucus in the air-passages 
 — Oriho2vice'a jiituito'sa. 
 
 MYCOSIS, Fungus. 
 
 MYCTERES, Myxse, Nares. 
 
 MYCTEROPHONIA, Rhinophonia. 
 
 MYCTEROXE'ROTES; from iivKTvps;, 'the 
 nares,' and ^rjpoTrig, ' dryness.' Na'rium sic'citas. 
 Dryness of the interior of the nose. 
 
 MYCUS, Mucus. 
 
 MYDE'SIS, from ixvSaui, 'I abound with mois- 
 ture.' In its most general sense, it means cor- 
 ru23tion. By some, it is used for a mucous dis- 
 charge from inflamed eyelids. 
 
 MYDON, jiv&iav. Same etymon. Fungous or 
 putrid flesh in certain fistulous ulcers. — Pollux. 
 Also, flesh putrid from mouldiness. 
 
 MYDRI'ASIS, Platycor'ia, Platycori'asis, 
 Amydri'asis. A name given by several writers 
 to morbid dilatation of the pupil ; and, by others, 
 to weakness of sight, produced by hydrophthalmia; 
 from nvSoq, 'moisture.' 
 
 MYDRIAT'ICUS, 3Iydriat'ic. Kelating to or 
 causing dilatation of the pupil. Pereira. 
 
 MYELAL'GIA; from nvtXog, 'the spinal mar- 
 row,' and aXyos, ' pain.' Pain in the spinal mar- 
 row. 
 
 MYELAPOPLEXIA, Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 MYELATELI'A; from iJiveXos, 'the spinal 
 marrow,' and artkcia, 'want of end or finish.' 
 Incompleteness of the spinal marrow. 
 
 MYELATROPHIA, Tabes dorsalis. 
 
 3IYELITE, Myelitis. 
 
 MYELI'TIS, 31. parenchymato' sa, 3T. spina' lis, 
 Iiiflamma'tio mediil'lcB spina'lis, Spini'tis, Spino- 
 dorsi'tis, Notomyeli'tis, liachiomyeli'tis, Racliial- 
 gi'tis, (of some,) (F.) Myelite, Inflammation de la 
 moelle epiiniere on rachidienne, from ixvcXo;, 'the 
 laarrow,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the spinal marrow or its mem- 
 branes ; — indicated by deep-seated burning pain 
 in the spine, with various nervous and vascular 
 irregularities of function. It is not common. 
 Dr. Marshall Hall proposes to call inflamma- 
 tion of the membranes of the brain 3feningitis j 
 that of the substance of the brain Myelitis. 
 
 Myelitis Spinalis, Myelitis — m. Exsiidativa, 
 Hydrorachis — m. Parenchymatosa, Myelitis. 
 
 MYELOCHYSIS, Hydrorachis. 
 
 MYELOGANGLIITIS, Cholera (sporadic.) 
 
 MYELOMA, see Encephaloid. 
 
 MYELOMALACIA, Mollitiesmedullse spinalis. 
 
 MYELOMYCES, see Encephaloid. 
 
 MYELON, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 MYELOPARALYSIS, Paraplegia. 
 
 MYELOPHTHISIS, Tabes dorsalis— m. Sicca, 
 Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 MYELOPHY'MATA, Tuber'cula medulla: spi- 
 na'lis, from pivuXos, 'marrow,' and ipv/ia, 'a tuber- 
 cle.' Tubercles of the spinal marrow. 
 
 MYELORRHAGIA, Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 MYELOSPONGUS, see Encephaloid. 
 
 MYELUS, Marrow, Medulla spinalis — m. Di- 
 li uchcnius. Medulla spinalis — m. Dorsites, Me- 
 dulla spinalis — m. Notiajus, Medulla spinalis — 
 n». Psoitej, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 MYENERGI'A, from nv;, 'a muscle,' ev, and 
 cpyov, ' work.' Muscular strength. 
 
 MYGMUS, Suspirium. 
 
 MYIOCEPHALUM, Staphyloma. 
 
 MYIODEOPSIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MYITIS, Myositis, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 MYLACRI, Molar teeth. 
 
 MYLACRIS, Patella. 
 
 MYLE, Patella, Mole. 
 
 MYLICUS, Molar. 
 
 MYLODI, Molar teeth. 
 
 MYLODONTES, Molar teeth. 
 
 MYLO-GLOSSUS, from ixvXr,, 'the jaw,' a,nd 
 yXwo-o-a, 'the tongue.' Winslow has given this 
 name to muscular fibres, which pass from the 
 posterior part of the myloid line of the lower jaw, 
 and from the sides of the base of the tongue to 
 the parietes of the pharynx. These fibres belong 
 to the constrictor superior pharyngis. 
 
 MYLO-HYOID LINE, see Mylo-hyoideus. 
 
 Mylo-Hyoid Furrow or Groove. A furrow 
 which passes from the superior orifice of the in- 
 ferior dental canal of the lower jaw in the same 
 direction as the canal, and lodges the mylo-hyoid 
 nerve, a branch of the inferior-dental. 
 
 Mylo-Hyoid Nerve, see Mylo-hyoid furrow. 
 
 MYLO-HYOIDEUS, from ixvXrj, 'the jaw,' and 
 'vostir;;, 'the OS hyoides.' Myluo'des, (F.) 3Tylo- 
 hydidien. The 3fylo-phary7iffeus of Morgagni 
 and Santorini. This muscle is situate at the 
 upper and anterior part of the neck, behind the 
 lower jaw. It is broad, flat, and has the form 
 of a truncated triangle. It arises from the inter- 
 nal oblique, internal maxillary or mylo-hyoid line 
 of the lower jaw bone, and is inserted at the fore 
 part of the body of the os hyoides. Its innermos'l, 
 fibres unite with those of the opposite side to 
 form a raphe on the median line. The mylo- 
 hyoideus raises the os hyoides and carries it for^ 
 ward, or it depresses the lower jaw. 
 
 MYLO-PHARYNGEUS, Constrictor pharyn- 
 gis, Mylo-hyoideus. 
 
 MYLUODES, Mylo-hyoideus. 
 
 MYOCARDITIS, Carditis. 
 
 MYOCEPHALI'TIS, 3fyi'ti8 cepTial'ica ; from 
 \i.v<;, or ^vwv, 'a muscle,' Kt<pa\ri, 'head,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 muscles of the head. 
 
 MYOCEPHALON, Staphyloma. 
 
 MYOC(ELIAL'GIA,from/(uwv, ' muscle,' *coA<a, 
 'abdomen,' and aXym, 'I suffer.' Pain in the 
 muscles of the abdomen. 
 
 MYOCCELI'TIS, 3Iyocwlii'tis, Inflamma'tio 
 musculo' mm ahdomina'lium, from ixviov, ' muscle,' 
 KoiXia, 'lower belly,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the muscles of the abdo- 
 men. 
 
 MYODEOP'SIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MYO'DES, from /<uf, ' a muscle,' and £ii5of, 're- 
 semblance.' Like unto muscle. Muscular. 
 
 MYODESOPSIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MYODYNA'MIA, Vis muscula'ris ; from //v;, 
 'a muscle,' and Swaixis, 'power.' The force or 
 power of a muscle. 
 
 MYODYNAMICS, see Muscular contraction. 
 
 MYODYNAMIOMETER, Dynamometer. 
 
 MYODYNAMOMETER, Dynamometer. 
 
 MYODYN'IA, from /tvoiv, 'muscle,' and oSwr;, 
 'pain.' Pain in the muscles, — rheumatismal or 
 other. Rheumatism.. 
 
 Myodynia Inflammatoria, Myositis. 
 
 MYOG'RAPHY, 3Tyogra'phia, from fivuiv, 
 'muscle,' and ypatpuv, 'to describe.' An anato- 
 mical description of the muscles. 
 
 MYOLEM'MA, 3fyole'ma, from fivoiv, 'a mus- 
 cle,' and At/i/ia, ' a coat.' The membranous tube 
 
MYOLINE 
 
 583 
 
 MTEOBALANUS 
 
 of each nmscular fibre. It has also the same sig- 
 nification as Sarcolemma. 
 
 MY'OLINE, from jivwv, 'a muscle.' A name 
 given by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to a transparent 
 Bubstance that fills the cells, which, he conceives, 
 by their juxtaposition form the ultimate muscu- 
 lar fibril. 
 
 MYOL'OGT, 3f]jolog"ia, Sareolog'ia, Mysiol- 
 og"ia; from nvoiv, 'a muscle,' and \oyo;, 'a dis- 
 course.' That part of anatomy ■which treats of 
 the muscles. 
 
 MYON, Muscle. 
 
 MYONARCO'SIS, from //uui', 'a muscle,' and 
 tapKri, ' stupor.' Numbness of the muscles. 
 
 MYONITIS, Myositis. 
 
 MYON'OSUS, Myonu'sos, Myopathi'a, from 
 livu)v, ' a muscle,' and voiro;, ' disease.' A disease 
 of the muscles. 
 
 MYOPALMUS, Subsultus tendinum. 
 
 MYOPATHIA, Myonosus. 
 
 MYOPE, Myops. 
 
 MYOPHO'NIA, from fjivw, 'a muscle,' and 
 (fniivn, 'voice.* The sound of muscular contrac- 
 tion, — as that of the. ventricles of the heart, du- 
 ring the systole of that organ. 
 
 MYO'PIA, Myopi'asis, Luscios'itas, Ilyo'sisy 
 Paro2i'sis propin'qua, Amblyo'jna dissito'rumf 
 Dyso'jna dissito'rum, Dyspho'tia, Visus ju'venum, 
 from /xvd), 'I close,' or from nvs, 'a mouse,' and 
 (Dip, 'the eye;' Jly'opy, Short-sightedness, Near- 
 sightedness, House-sight, Purhlindness, (F.) Vue 
 coitrte. Persons who can only see objects very 
 near. The defect is owing to the too great con- 
 vexity of the eye, or too great density of the hu- 
 mours, and is palliated by wearing concave glasses. 
 
 MYOPI'C, Myop'ieus ; same etymon. Short- 
 sighted, Porehlind, Purblind. Relating or apper- 
 taining to myopia. 
 
 MYOPODIORTHO'TICON, from ijlvw^, 'one 
 that is short-sighted,' and iiopS-wTiKov, 'having 
 power to correct.' An apparatus for the cure of 
 short-sightedness. — A. A. Berthold. 
 
 MYOPS, Luscio' siis, Myo'pus, My'ope. Same 
 etymon. One afi'ected with myopia or short- 
 sightedness. 
 
 MYOPY, Myopia. 
 
 MYORRHEXIS, from y.vi, 'a muscle,' and 
 p-n^ii, 'rupture.' Rupture of a muscle. 
 
 MYO'SIS, from fivw, '1 close.' Hicrocor'ia. 
 Smallness of the pupil. Phthi'sis piupilla'ris. 
 Permanent contraction of the pupil. It is usually 
 caused by iritis, and is extremely difQcult to cure. 
 When it exists to such an extent as to obliterate 
 the pupil, it is called Synizesis. Also, Myopia. 
 ' 3IY0SITJE, Myositis. 
 
 MYOSIT'IC; 3Iyosit'icus, from Ifyosis. 
 Causing contraction of the pupil, — as opium. — 
 Pereira. 
 
 MYOSI'TIS, Myi'tis, Mysi'tis, 3fyoni'tis,Sarci'- 
 tis, Eheumatis'miis phlegmono' des, ilyodyn'ia in- 
 fiammato'ria, Phlegma'sia myo'ica, Inflammatio 
 seu Phleg'mone Musculo' rum, (F.) 3Iyosite, In- 
 fiammation des muscles, from /iviav, 'a muscle.' 
 A name proposed by Sagar for inflammation of 
 the muscles. Also, Rheumatism. 
 
 MYOSOTIS, Hieracium pilosella. Rheumatism, 
 Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 MYOSPASMUS, Cramp. 
 
 MYOTIL'ITY, MyotiVitas, from fiviav, 'a mus- 
 cle.' Muscular contractility. — Chaussier. 
 
 MYOT'OMY, Ilyotom'ia, from ixvwv, 'a mus- 
 cle,' and Ttpivuv, 'to cut.' The part of practical 
 anatomy which treats of the dissection of the 
 muscles. Also, the surgical operation of the 
 division of muscles to remove deformity. 
 
 MYOTYRBE, Chorea. 
 
 MYRAC'OPUM, from p^vpov, 'an ointment,* 
 and Koiroj, 'fatigue.' An ointment used by the 
 ancients in cases of fatigue. 
 
 MYREPSUS, Unguentarius. 
 
 MYR'IAGRAMME, from ixvpia, '10,000,' and 
 ypap/ia, 'gramme.' A weight equal to 10,000 
 grammes, or to 26 pounds, 9 ounces, and 6 
 drachms Troy. 
 
 MYRIAMETRE. A measure of 10,000 me- 
 tres ; equal to 16 miles, 1 furlong, 156 yards, and 
 14 inches. 
 
 MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA, Comptonia as- 
 plenifolia — m. Cerifera, see Cera flava et alba, 
 and Wax, myrtle. 
 
 Myri'ca Gale, Ifyrttta Brahan'tica seu Ang'- 
 lica, 3Iyri'ca pains' tris, Myrtifo'lia Bel' gica, Gale, 
 Gagel, Mhus sylves'trie, Ac'aron, JSlcerig'nus, E. 
 Cordo, GhammlcBag'nus, Bodonce' a, Butch myrtle, 
 Sweet gale. Sweet willow, Candleherry myrtle, (P.) 
 Piment Poyal, TM de Simon Pauli, Gale odorant. 
 Family, Amentaceas. Sex. Syst. Dioecia Tetran- 
 dria. The leaves, flowers, and seeds have a 
 strong, fragrant smell, and a bitter taste. They 
 are used for destroying moths and cutaneous in- 
 sects. The infusion is given internally as a sto- 
 machic and vermifuge. 
 
 Myeica Palustris, M. Gale. 
 
 MYRINGA, see Tympanum. 
 
 MYRINGI'TIS, Injlamma'tio tym'pani ; from 
 3Iyringa, ' the membrana tympani ;' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mem- 
 brana tympani; and, also, of the tympanum. 
 
 MYRINX, see Tympanum. 
 
 MYRIS, 3/yrothe'ce, NartTie'cia, Narthe' cittm, 
 Narthex, from pvpov, ' a perfumed oil or ointment.' 
 A perfumed oil or ointment box or jar. 
 
 MYRIS'TICA, 31. 3foscha'ta, 31. aromat'ica seu 
 officina'lis seu fragrans, Comacon. Nat. Ord. 
 MyristiceEe. The tree which produces the nut- 
 meg and mace. (F.) Muscadier. The Nutmeg, 
 ilyristica, (Ph. U. S.) Myris'ticce nu' cleiis, 3Iyris' - 
 ticce moscha'tcB nu'clens, Nux moseha'ta seu un- 
 guenta'ria, Nucis'ta, Nux myris'tica, GhrysohaV- 
 anus Gale'ni, Unguenta'ria, As'sala, Nux aro- 
 mat'ica, (F.) 3Iuscade, is the seed or kernel. It 
 has a fragrant, aromatic odour; an agreeable pun- 
 gent taste, and is much used for culinary pur- 
 poses. Alcohol extracts its active matter. Ithaa 
 the properties of aromatics in general ; being sti- 
 mulant and stomachic. The oil — O'leum myris'- 
 ticce, — possesses the virtues of the nutmeg. Dose 
 of the nutmeg, gr. v. to ^ j ; — of the oil gtt. iij to 
 gtt. vj. _ 
 
 3Iaee, 3Iacis, 3face8, Flores macia seu ma'cidos, 
 (P.) Fleurs de muscade, is the involucrum of the 
 fruit. It is membranous, with the odour and taste 
 of the nutmeg, and is possessed of similar quali- 
 ties. The O'leum macis is a fragrant, sebaceous 
 substance, expressed in the East Indies. It i3 
 only used externally. 
 
 MYRISTICiE NUCLEUS, see Myristica mos- 
 
 MYRMECIA, Formica. 
 
 MYRMECIASIS, Convulsio cerealis. Formi- 
 cation. 
 
 MYRMECIASMUS, Convulsio cerealis, For- 
 mication. 
 
 MYRMECISMUS, Convulsio cerealis, Formi- 
 cation. 
 
 MYRMECIZON, Formicant. 
 
 MYRMEGOSIS, Convulsio cerealis, Formica- 
 tion. 
 
 MYRMEX, Formica. 
 
 MYROBAL'ANUS, from fivpov, 'an ointment,' 
 and jSaXavos, ' a nut ;' so called, because formerly 
 used in ointment; Angeloc'acos,3fyro'balan,Gtan/i 
 unguenta'ria, Palma ungucntariu' rum. A dried 
 
MYRON 
 
 584 
 
 MYURUS 
 
 Indian fruit, of the plum kind, of different species 
 of Termina'lia. Of this there are several varie- 
 ties — the JA Bellir'ica or Belliric myrohalan, Bel- 
 legu, Bellengi, Bclnileg ; — the M. cheb'ula or 
 Chebule myroh'alan ; the M. cit'rina or Yellow 
 myrohcdan, Ara'ra; the M. Em'hlica or emhlic 
 myrohalan, and the M. Tii'dica, As'uar, Indian 
 or Black myrohalan. All the myrobalans have 
 an unpleasant, bitterish, very austere taste: and 
 strike an inky blackness with a solution of steel. 
 They are said to possess laxative as well as as- 
 tringent properties. 
 
 MYRON, Mynim, Unguentum. 
 
 MYROPISSOCE'RON. A topical application 
 in alopecia, referred to by Galen ; from nvpov, 
 'ointment,' iriaaa, 'pitch,' and Krjpo;, 'wax.' 
 
 MYROPCEUS, Unguentarius. 
 
 MYROPOLES, Apothecary, Unguentarius. 
 
 MYROSPERMUM FRUTESCENS, Myroxy- 
 lum Peruiferum — m. Peruiferum, see Myroxylon 
 Peruiferum. 
 
 MYROXYLON, see M. Peruiferum. 
 
 Myrox'tlon Peruif'erum, Myrosperm'iiin 
 fnites'cens, from jjivpov, 'an ointment,' and ^vXov, 
 'wood;' Caburei'ba. A^af. Orrf. Leguminosse. The 
 tree which affords the Peru'vian balsam, BaV- 
 snmum Peruvia'mim., Putzochill, Myrox'yli Perui- 
 feri baV samum, Myrox'ylon, Balsammn Penia'- 
 nnm, Cabureiciba, Indian, Mexican, or American 
 balsam, (F.) Baume de Perou. This balsam con- 
 sists of benzoic acid, resin, and essential oil. Its 
 odour is fragrant and aromatic ; taste hot and 
 bitter : it is soluble in alcohol, and miscible in 
 water by the aid of mucilage. It is stimulant and 
 tonic, and considered to be expectorant : as such, 
 it has been employed in paralysis, chronic asthma, 
 chronic bronchitis and rheumatism, gleet, leu- 
 corrhoea, &c., and externally, for cleansing and 
 stimulating foul indolent ulcers. Dose gtt. v to 
 
 gtt. XXX. 
 
 White Balsam of Peru, Natural balsam, BaV- 
 eamiim album, Styrax alba, BalsamelcBon, is ob- 
 tained by incision from Myrosper' mum peruif- 
 erum. 
 
 Myroxylon Toluiferum, ToluiferaBalsamum. 
 
 MYRRHA, Heb. ID ; Bola, Stacte, Ergas'ma, 
 Myrrh, Calo'nia, Smyrna, Myrrha rubra, (F.) 
 Myrrhe. The exuda.tion of an unknown plant of 
 Abyssinia or Arabia Felix, said to be the Bal- 
 samaden'dron myrrha. This gum -resin has a 
 fragrant, i^eculiar odour ; and bitter aromatic 
 taste. It is in reddish-yellow, light, brittle, irre- 
 gular .tears ; partially soluble in distilled water 
 when aided by friction. S. G. 1.360. It is stimu- 
 lant; and has been used in cachectic affections, 
 humoral asthma, chronic bronchitis, &c. Dose, 
 gr. x to 5j. 
 
 Myrrha Imperfecta, Bdellium. 
 
 MYRRHINE, Myrtus. 
 
 MYRRHIS ANNUA, Athamanta Cretensis — 
 m. Major, ChaDrophyllum odoratum — m. Odorata, 
 Chferophyllum odoratum. 
 
 MYRSINE, Myrtus. 
 
 MYRSINELiE'ON, from ^^vpmvt,, 'the myrtle,' 
 And tXaiov, 'oil.' Oil of myrtle. — Dioscorides. 
 
 MYRSINI'TES, ixvpaiv'tTTj?. AVine in which 
 branches of myrtle have been macerated. 
 
 MYRTACANTHA, Ruscus. 
 
 MYRTE COMMUN, Myrtus. 
 
 MYRTID'ANON, jivpniavov. An excrescence, 
 growing on the trunk of the myrtle, and used as 
 an astringent. Also, a wine — Viniim Myrtid'- 
 aiium — made from wild myrtle berries. 
 
 MYRTIFOLIA BELGICA. Myrica gale. 
 
 MYR'TIFORM, Myrtiform'is, Mijrto'dcs, from 
 myrtus, 'a myrtle,' and forma, 'shape.' Having 
 tiie shape of a leaf of myrtle. A name given to 
 
 a muscle (depressor alae nasi), to the fossa inci- 
 siva; and to certain caruncles, &o. 
 
 MYRTIFORMIS, Compressor naris, Depressol 
 alse nasi. 
 
 MYRTI'TES. A name given to a medicine 
 prepared with honey and myrtle berries. 
 
 MYRTLE, Myrtus — m. Berry, Vacciniummyr- 
 tillus — m. Candleberry, Myrica gale — m. Dutch, 
 Myrica gale — m. Wild, Ruscus. 
 
 MYRTOCHEILIDES, Nymphse. 
 
 MYRTOGHILA, Nymphs. 
 
 MYRTODES, Myrtiform. 
 
 MYRTON, Clitoris. 
 
 MYRTUS, Myr'tus commu'nis, 3f. communis 
 Ital'ica, Myrsi'ne, Myrrhi'ne, The Myrtle, (F.) 
 Myrte Commun. The berries of this plant have 
 been recommended in alvine and uterine fluxes 
 and other disorders of relaxation and debility. 
 They are moderately astringent and somewhat 
 aromatic. 
 
 Myrtus Anglica, Myrica gale — m. Braban- 
 tica, Myrica gale. 
 
 Myrtus Caryophylla'ta, Calyptran'thes ca- 
 ryophylla'ta. Cassia caryopliylla' ta, Canel'la ca- 
 ryophyllata, (F.) Capelet, Cannelle giro flee. The 
 tree which is considered to afford the Clove bark; 
 Cortex caryop)hylla'tus seu caryojjhyllata. This 
 bark is a warm aromatic ; resembling clove with 
 an admixture of cinnamon. It may be used with 
 the same views as cloves or cinnamon. 
 
 Myrtus Caryophyllus, Eugenia caryophyl- 
 lata — m. Leucodendron, Melaleuca cajaputi. 
 
 Myrtus Pimen'ta. The tree which bears the 
 Jamaica pepper, Pimen'ta bacca, Pimento ber- 
 ries. Pimento, Pipter caryophylla'tiim, Coc'cvli Indi 
 aromat'ici. Piper chia'jicB, Amo'mum pimenta, 
 Friictus pimenti, Carive, Caryophyl'lus America'- 
 nus seu Pimen'ta, Piper odora'tum Jamaicen' se, 
 Allspice, Piper Jamaicen' se, Piper tabas'cum, (F.) 
 Poivre de Jamaique, Toute epice, Assourou. The 
 unripe berries — Pimenta (Ph. U. S.) — have an 
 aromatic odour ; resembling a mixture of cinna- 
 mon, nutmeg, and cloves ; the taste is pungent, 
 but mixed, like the odour. Like other peppers, 
 this is stimulant and carminative. The oil — 
 O'leum Pimen'ta — possesses the virtues of the 
 berries. The powdered fruit has been called 
 Quatre epices or Eottr spices. Dose gr. v to 
 
 MYRUM, Myron, ixvpov. A perfumed oil or 
 ointment. A liquid perfume. The spontaneously 
 exuding juice of many plants, especially of that 
 from which myrrh is obtained. 
 
 MYS, Muscle. 
 
 MYSIOLOGIA, Myology. 
 
 MYSITIS, Myositis. 
 
 MYSTAX, Mastax. The hair growing on each 
 side of the upper lip in men. The mustache or 
 mustachio, (F.) Moustache. Also, the upper lip. 
 
 MYSTE'RION, nvarripiov, 'a mystery.' An 
 arcanum, nostrum, or secret preparation in gene- 
 ral. Also, an antidote referred to by Galen and 
 others. 
 
 MYSTRON, fivarpov. A Greek measure, which 
 held about three drachms. 
 
 MYT'ILUS EDU'LIS. The common mussel, 
 (F.) Moide. A bivalve, the flesh of which, when 
 at all in a state of decomposition, is highly poi- 
 sonous. When fresh, it is an agreeable, but not 
 very digestible article of diet. 
 
 MYU'RUS, Meiu'ros. A pulse is so called 
 when it sinks progressively and becomes smaller 
 and smaller like a rat's tail; from jivs, 'rat,' 
 and ovpa, ' tail.' Pulsus myurus rccip'rocns, a 
 pulse, which, after having become gradually 
 weaker, resumes, by degrees, its former cha- 
 racter. 
 
MYXA 
 
 585 
 
 NANUS 
 
 MYXA, Mucus, Sebestina. 
 
 MYX^, Mycteres. 
 
 MYXEOSIS, Gonorrhoea impura. 
 
 MYXODES, Mueiform. 
 
 MYXOR'RHOOS, fiv^opooo;, from /jt|a, 'mu- 
 cus,' and pcu), 'I flow.' One who is subject to 
 mucous discharge. Applied to an infant, that 
 
 discharges a considerable quantity of mucus and 
 saliva. 
 
 MYXOSARCO'MA, from tiv^a, 'mucus,' and 
 cafi^, 'flesh.' A tumour which is mucocarneoua / 
 partly mucous and partly fleshy. 
 
 MYXOTER, Nasus. 
 
 MYZESIS, Sucking. 
 
 ]sr. 
 
 N". This letter, in prescriptions, is an abridg- 
 ment of Numero, 'by number.' 
 
 NAB'ALUS ALBUS, Prenan'thes serpenfa'ria, 
 White Lettuce, Lion's Foot, Rattlesnake' s Master, 
 Rattlesnake root. An indigenous plant, of the 
 order Composita3, which, with several other spe- 
 cies of the genus, is reputed to possess the power 
 of cui-ing the bites of serpents. The root has 
 been used in dysentery. 
 
 NABOT, Saccharum candidum. 
 
 NABO'THI GLAN'DUL^, O'vula seu Ova 
 N'ahofhi sen Nabothi a' na, Ova'rium Nabothi, Fol- 
 li'culi rotun'di et ohlon'gi, Vesic'ulcB seu BullcB 
 rotun'd(B cervi'cis ti'teri, Yesic'idm semina'les mu- 
 Ue'ruvi, Cor'pora gloho'sa, Corpus'cida gloho'sa, 
 Glandulm seu Hydat'ides cervi'cis vteri. Small, 
 mucous crypts or follicles situate in the interstices 
 of the duplicatures of the lining membrane of 
 the cervix uteri. Naboth, from noticing them in 
 a morbid condition, mistook them for ova ; and 
 hence they received the name Ovula Nnhothi. 
 
 NACRA, Xakra, Naaa. A kind of influenza 
 common in the East Indies. 
 
 NACRE, Margaritaceous. 
 
 NACREOUS, Margaritaceous. 
 
 NiEVI, see Nsevus. 
 
 N^VUS, Plural Navi ; Ncbvus mater'nus, N. 
 Sigil'lum, Nota mater'na. Nevus, Mac'idce matri'- 
 cis, M. 3Iater'ncB seu matrica'les, NotcB infan'tum. 
 Lupus varico'sus, Stig'mata, Metrocel'ides, Con- 
 gen'itm notes, Mother's Marks, Fancy marks, Mo- 
 ther's spots, (F.) Envie, Tache de Naissance. 
 Spots of various kinds on the skin of children 
 when born, which have been attributed to the 
 influence of the maternal imagination on the 
 fcetus in utero. They are of various appearances, 
 some much better supplied with blood than 
 others. Some are merely superficial or stain-like 
 spots: others are prominent; and often have 
 long, irregular hairs growing from them. These 
 have usually been called Moles, Spill, Spilo'ma, 
 Epichro' ses spili, &o. 
 
 AVhen neevi are superficial, without any dispo- 
 sition to enlarge or spread, they need not be 
 meddled with : but all those that partake of the 
 character of aneurism by anastomosis had better 
 be removed, where practicable. 
 
 NiEvus SiGiLLTJM, Nsevus. 
 
 NAFDA, Naphtha. 
 
 NAIL, Sax. nsesl, (G.) Nagel, Unguis, Onyx, 
 (F.) Ongle. A whitish transparent substance, 
 similar to horn, which covers the dorsal extremity 
 of the fingers. Three portions are distinguished 
 in it; the extremity, which is free, at the end of 
 the finger ; — the body or middle portion adherent 
 by its inner surface ; and the root, Radix seu 
 Matrix unguis, In'timum unguis. The last pre- 
 sents two distinct parts ; the one, terminated by 
 a thin, serrated edge, is buried in a duplicature 
 of the skin ; the other, called Lu'nida seu Semi- 
 lu'nula seu Sele'ne seu Arctic seu Exor'tit^ seu 
 Anat'ole seu Albe'do un'guium, is whitish and of 
 
 a semilunar shape, and is situate above the part 
 where the epidermis terminates. The nails are 
 composed of a horny tissue, of the same nature 
 as that which forms the hoofs, horns, and scales 
 of different animals. When the nail has been 
 torn off, the papillae of the skin become covered 
 by a soft, whitish lamina, whose consistence gra- 
 dually augments. New laminse are then formed 
 underneath, and give the nail the thickness it 
 ought to possess. The corneous substance, being 
 thus constantly produced at the extremity of each 
 of these laminse, the whole of the nail is pushed 
 forwards, and it would grow indefinitely, were it 
 not cut or worn by friction. 
 
 The nails protect and support the extremities 
 of the fingers against the impression of hard 
 bodies. They are, also, useful in laying hold of 
 small bodies ; and dividing those that have but 
 little consistence. 
 
 NAIN, Nanus. 
 
 NAKRA, Nacra. 
 
 NANNARI, Hemidesmus Indicus. 
 
 NANNYBERRY, Viburnum lentago. 
 
 NANOCEPH'ALUS, from vavo?, 'a dwarf,' and 
 Ki:<pa\i], 'head.' A monstrous state in which the 
 whole head or certain of its parts are too small, 
 whilst the trunk and extremities are normal. 
 
 NANOCOR'MUS, from vavo?, 'a dwarf,' and 
 Kopftog, 'a trunk.' A monstrous condition in 
 which the trunk is too small, whilst the head 
 possesses its normal size. 
 
 NANOM'ELUS, from vavog, 'a dwarf,' and 
 fieXos, ' a limb.' A monstrous condition in which 
 some part of an extremity is too small, and tno 
 whole limb too short. 
 
 NANOSO'MUS, from vavog, 'a dwarf,' and 
 o-dJ/Ku, ' body.' Dwarf 'ishness. A state in whien 
 the entire body with all its parts is smaller than 
 common. 
 
 NANUS, Pumil'io, Pu'milo, Pusrl'lus, ' a 
 dwarf.' [Pu'milns, Pumi'lius, 'dwarfisu.) (F.) 
 Nain. One who is much below the visual stature. 
 The term is applicable to all organized beings 
 from man to the vegetable. Trees have their 
 dwarfs, as the human species have theirs. Some 
 curious autlienticated instances of human dwarfs 
 are on record. Bebe, the dwarf of Stanislaus, 
 king of Poland, was 33 inches (French) long, 
 and well proportioned. The Polish nobleman, 
 Borwlaski, who was well made, clever, and a 
 good linguist, measured 28 Paris inches. He had 
 a brother, 34 inches high, and a sister 21. A 
 Friesland peasant, at 26 years of age, had at- 
 tained 29 Amsterdam inches. C. H. Stoberin, 
 of Niirnberg, was under three feet high at 20, 
 yet he was well proportioned and possessed of 
 talents. General Tom Thumb, so called, wa^i 
 seen by the Author in 1847. He was said tc be 
 15 years old; measured 28 inches in height, and 
 when weighed at the mint was found to weigh 
 20 pounds and 2 ounces. See Pygmy. 
 
NAPE 
 
 586 
 
 NAEDUS 
 
 KAPE OF THE NECK, Nucha. 
 
 NAPELLUS VERUS, Aconitum na.pellua. 
 
 NAPH^ FLORES, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 NAPHTHA, Acetone. 
 
 Naphtha, Nafda, Nfjpta, Napta'Uiis, O'leum 
 petrcB albmn; from a Chaldaic and Syriac word 
 signifying bitumen. A bituminous substance, 
 found in Persia, Calabria, Sicily, Ac. It is 
 liquid, limpid, of a yellowish white colour, a 
 smell slightly resembling that of oil of turpen- 
 tine, and lighter than water. It resembles pe- 
 troleum in its properties, and has been chiefly 
 used as an external application ; although, occa- 
 sionally, as an anthelmintic, and in inhalation in 
 phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 Naphtha, Coal Tar, Light, see Anaesthetic. 
 
 Naphtha Vitrioli, ^ther sulphuricus — n. 
 Vitrioli eamphorata, Tinetura setherea campho- 
 rata — n. Vitrioli martialis, Tinetura seu Alcohol 
 sulphurico-Eethereus ferri — n. Wood, Acetone. 
 
 NAPH'THALINE, NaphthaW na, NapVtTialin. 
 When coal-tar is subjected to distillation, naph- 
 thaline passes oyer after coal naphtha. It is a 
 white, shining,, concrete, crystalline substance, 
 fusible at 176° and boiling at 423°. It is soluble 
 in alcohol, ether, naphtha and the oils, but inso- 
 luble in water. It has been used as an excitant 
 expectorant, in the dose of 8 to 30 grains, in 
 emulsion or syrup, and repeated. It has also 
 been used as an anthelmintic; and, when made 
 into an ointment, in psoriasis, lepra vulgaris, <icc. 
 
 NAPIFORM, Bunioid. 
 
 NAPIUM, Lapsana, Sinapis. 
 
 NAPLES, (CLIMATE OF.) The climate of 
 Naples in its general characters resembles that 
 of Nice, but it is more changeable : the sirocco 
 too, wh'.ch is little known in Nice, is severely felt 
 at Naples. It is not a good residence for the 
 phthisical invalid: Sir James Clark, indeed, con- 
 siders it altogether unsuitable. 
 
 Naples, Mineral Waters of. In the Quarter 
 Santa Lucia, near the coast, is a cold spring, rich 
 in sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid. It 
 is much used as an aperient tonic, and in cutane- 
 ous affections. 
 
 Naples Water, Factit"ioiis, (F.) Eau de 
 Naptles, Aqua Neapolita'nn, Aqua acid'tda liy- 
 drosulphura'ta. (Acidulous toafer, containing 
 four times its bulk of carbonic acid, §xv, and 
 giij ; hi/drosul2}huretted water, ^ix ; carbonate of 
 soda, gr. viij : carbonate of magnesia, gr. x. M. 
 Ph. P.) 
 
 NAPTA, Nanus, Nata. 
 
 NAPTALIUS, Nanus. 
 
 NAPUS, Sinapis — n. Leucosinapis, Sinapis 
 alba — n. Sylvestris, Brassica napus. 
 
 NAPY, Sinapis. 
 
 NARVAPHTE, Thymiama. 
 
 NARCAPH'THON, Nascaph'tJion. The bark 
 of an aromatic tree formerly brought from India. 
 By some, supposed to bo that of the tree which 
 affords the olibanum. It was used in fumigation, 
 in diseases of the lungs. 
 
 NARCE, Narcosis. 
 
 NARCEMA, Narcosis. 
 
 NARCESIS, Narcosis. 
 
 NAIiCISSE FAUX, Narcissus pseudo-narcis- 
 sus — n. des Pres, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus — n. 
 Sauvage, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
 
 NARCIS'SUS PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS, N. 
 feata'lis sou glaucua seu grandijlo' rue seu Ms- 
 pan 'icus seu major seu serra 'tus seu sylves'tria, 
 Bulboco' dium. Pseudo-narcissus, Daffodil, (P.) 
 Narcisse sauvage, Narcisse des pris, Faux nar- 
 cisse. The root is emetic and cathartic, in the 
 dose of ^ij. The flowers are antispasmodic. 
 Dose, 24 grains. 
 
 NARCODES, Narcotize-L, 
 
 NARCO'SIS, Nar'cotism, Narce, Narca, 
 Narce'mu, Narce'sis, from rapKoo>, '1 benumb.' 
 Torpe'do, Torpor, Stupor, Stupefac'tio. The ag- 
 gregate effects produced by narcotic substances. 
 At times, narcotism is confined to a state of more 
 or less profound stupor; and constitutes, in cer- 
 tain cases, a useful remedial condition; at others, 
 it is a true poisoning, characterized by vertigo, 
 nausea, a state of intoxication or apoplexy, con- 
 stant delirium, convulsive motions, &c. Emetics 
 in strong doses, and not much diluted with wa- 
 ter ; purgatives and glysters are the first means 
 to be used in this condition. The stupor may 
 afterwards be combated by the use of exciting 
 and stimulating drinks. 
 
 Narcosis FoLLicuLo'Ruir. A state of the 
 scalp, which Mr. Erasmus Wilson conceives to 
 be dependent upon torpid action of the hair fol- 
 licles, and in which the scalp and hair are found 
 covered with a yellowish, dirty-looking powder, 
 composed of an admixture of granular particles 
 and furfuraceous scales. 
 
 NARCOSPAS'MUS, from vapxv, ' stupor,' and 
 airaajiog, ' spasm.' Stupor combined with spasm. 
 
 NARCOTIA, Narcotine. 
 
 NARCOTIC POISON, see Poison. 
 
 NARCOTICO-ACRID, see Poison. 
 
 NARCOT'ICS, Narcot'ica, Carot'ica, Ohstu- 
 pefacien'tia, Stupefaeieji' tia, Stupefa'cients, (F.) 
 Stupefactifs, Stupejiants. Same etymon. Sub- 
 stances, which have the property of stupefying; 
 — as opium, stramonium, hyoscyamus, bella- 
 donna, &c. They are used in medicine as 
 soothing agents; exerting their special influence 
 on the brain and tubular matter of the spinal 
 marrow. In small doses, as a general rule, 
 narcotics stimulate ; in large, they act as seda- 
 tives. The following is a list of the chief narco- 
 tics : — Aconitum, Jitherea, Belladonna, Cam- 
 phora. Cannabis, Conium, Digitalis, Humulus, 
 Hyoscyamus, Lactucarium, Opium and Morphia, 
 Stramonii Folia, Stramonii Semina, Mental Nar- 
 cotics, (Appropriate Music, Monotonous sounds, 
 or any succession of monotonous impressions.) 
 
 NAPt'COTINE, Narcoti'na, Narcot'ia, Narco- 
 tin, Anarcoti'na, Opia'num ; same etymon ; (F.) 
 Sel de Derosne, Opiane, Sel d'opium, Principe 
 crystallizable de Derosne. A solid, white, inodo- 
 rous, and insipid substance; by some considered 
 to be alkaloid; by others neuter; crystallizable 
 in straight prisms with a rhomboidal base ; fusi- 
 ble like the fats ; soluble in boiling alcohol and 
 ether, and scarcely soluble in water. Narcotine 
 produces all the unpleasant effects of opium ; but, 
 at the same tin»e, throws the animal into a state 
 of stupor. It is not used in medicine, on account 
 of these objections. The salts, which are very 
 bitter, have been used successfully in India for 
 the cure of intermittents. 
 
 NARCOTISM, Narcosis. 
 
 NAR'COTIZED, Tor'2ndus, Narco'des. Af- 
 fected with stupor, as from the use of a narcotic. 
 
 NARD, CELTIC, Valeriana Celtiea— n. In- 
 dica, Nardus Indica — n. Indien, Nardus Indica — 
 71. Indique, Nardus Indica — n. Petit, Aralia nudi- 
 caulis — n. Sauvage, Asamm. 
 
 NARDUM GALLICUM, Valeriana Celtiea. 
 
 NARDUS AMERICANUS, Aralia nudicaulis 
 — n. Celtiea, Valeriana Celtiea — n. Montana, Asa- 
 rum. 
 
 Nardus In'dica, Spica nardi, Spica In'dica, 
 Andropo'gon nardus seu citriodo'rvs, Indian 
 nurd. Spikenard. The root of this plant is one 
 of the ingredients in the mithridate and thcriaca. 
 It is moderately warm and pungent, and has a 
 flavour by no means disagreeable. It is used by 
 the Orientals as a sp'ce : — (F.) IS^ard IiHlicn, N. 
 Indique. An ointment was formerly used, called 
 
NAEES 
 
 '587 
 
 NASAL 
 
 Unguen'titm nardi'num. It was prepared of Nard, 
 Malahathrum leaves, Oil of worms, Gostus, Amo- 
 mxini, Myrrh, &e., and was used as a detergent. 
 Nardus Rustica, Asarum. 
 NARES, Rhines, Cav'itas Na'rium, Cavum seu 
 Ca'vea seu Gaver'na na'rium, Nasus inter'nus, 
 Hycte'res, Na'rium ad'itus, Ocheteu'mata. The 
 nostrils, (P.) Narines. Two elliptical apertures, 
 situate beneath the nose, and separated from 
 each other by the cartilaginous si<^tum seu co- 
 lum'na nasi. These apertures are continually 
 open, and give passage to the air we breathe, and 
 to the mucous fluids secreted in the nasal fossae. 
 Naees Interna, Nasal fosste. 
 Nares Posterior, Nares postre'ma, Extre'- 
 m(B nares, Os'tia posterio'ra seu Choa'ncB na'- 
 rium, Na'rium Ex'itus, (F.) Arrieres narines, Ou- 
 vertures posterieures des fosses nasal.es, are the 
 posterior apertures of the nasal cavities, which 
 establish a communication between those cavities 
 and the pharynx. They are bounded, above, by 
 the body of the sphenoid bone ; heloio, by the 
 palate bone, and the base of the velum pendu- 
 lum ; and, on the outside, by the internal ala of 
 the pterygoid process. They are separated from 
 each other by a septum, of which the vomer is 
 the bony part. 
 
 NARIFUSO'RIA, from nares, 'the nostrils,' 
 Rxx6. fundere, fusum, 'to pour,' Medicine dropt 
 into the nostrils. 
 NARINES, Nares. 
 
 NARIUM ADITUS, Nares— n. Siccitas, Myc- 
 teroxerotes. 
 
 NARTHECIA, Formulary, Myris. 
 NARTHECIUM, Formulary, Myris. 
 NARTHBX, Formulary, Myris, Splint — n. 
 Asafoetida, see Asafoetida. 
 NASA, Nacra, Nata. 
 
 NASAL, Nasa'lis, from nasus, 'the nose.' 
 That which relates to the nose. 
 
 Nasal Artery. This is the largest of the two 
 branches in which the ophthalmic artery termi- 
 nates. It issues from the orbit, above the tendon 
 of the orbicularis palpebrarum, passes above the 
 side of the root of the nose, and anastomoses with 
 the last extremity of the facial. Haller gave the 
 name nasal to the spheno-palatine. He also 
 called the dorsales nasi, furnished by the exter- 
 nal maxillary, Nasa'les latera'les. 
 
 Nasal Bones, Ossanasi, Ossanasa'lia, Ossic'- 
 vla nasi, Ossa maxil'lm svperio'ris quarta seu 
 quinta seu senun'da, (F.) Os nasaux, Os jiropres 
 du nez. These bones are situate beneath the 
 nasal notch of the os frontis, and occupy the 
 space between the nasal or angular processes of 
 the superior maxillary bone. Their shape is 
 nearly quadrilateral. They have an external or 
 cutaneous surface, an internal or nasal, and four 
 margins. Each is articulated with its fellow, 
 with the OS frontis, ethmoid, and superior maxil- 
 lary bones. They ossify from a single point. 
 
 Nasal Car'tilage, Cartila'go triangula'ris 
 Nasi. A cartilage formed of three portions, 
 which unite at the dorsum nasi, and are distin- 
 guished into the cartilage of the septum, and the 
 lateral cartilages. This cartilage is continuous, 
 above, with the ossa nasi, and, inferiorhj, with 
 membranous fibro-cartilages, which form the sup- 
 ple and movable part of the nostrils. They are 
 two in number — the one before, the other behind. 
 Nasal Duct, Lachrymal duct — n. Eminence, 
 Mesophryon. 
 
 Nasal FosSjE, Cavi na'rium, Nares inter'na. 
 Two large, anfractuous cavities, situate between 
 the orbits below the cranium, and lined by 
 the pituitary or Schneiderian membrane. These 
 cavities have no communication with each other; 
 but the various sinuses in the neighbouring bones 
 
 — the ethmoidal, sphenoidal, superior maxillary, 
 &c. — all communicate with them. The general' 
 cavity of each nostril is divided by the ossa spon- 
 giosa into three meatus or passages, which run 
 from before backwards. 1. The Ilcatus narixim 
 supe'rior, placed at the upper, inner, and back 
 part of the superior spongy bone. 2. The 3Iea- 
 tiis me'dius, situate between the superior and in- 
 ferior spongy bones ; and 3. The Meatus infe'- 
 rior, situate between the inferior spongy bone 
 and the bottom of the nose. The Schneide- 
 rian membrane receives the first pair of nerves, 
 and various branches from the fifth pair. The 
 arteries are furnished by the branches of the in- 
 ternal maxillary, known under the names of 
 spheno-palatine, infra-orbitar, superior alveolar, 
 palatine, pterygo-palatine ; by the supra-orbitar, 
 and ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery, 
 by the internal carotid, superior labial, and dor- 
 sales nasi. Its veins are little known, and gene- 
 rally follow the course of the arteries. The lym- 
 phatics are almost unknown. The nasal fossse 
 are the seat of smell ; they aid, also, in repiration 
 and phonation. 
 Nasal Meatus, see Nasal fossse. 
 Nasal Mucus, Mucus na'rixim, Phlegma na'- 
 rium crassum, Mucor seu Pitui'ta seu Blenna seu 
 Lympha muculen'ta na'rium, Apomyx'ia, vulgarly 
 called Snot, (F.) 3Iorve, is the mucus secreted by 
 the Schneiderian membrane. 
 
 Nasal Nerve, Naso-palpebral (Ch.), Naso- 
 ocula'ris (Sommeriug), Naso-cilia'ris. One of 
 the three branches of the ophthalmic nerve of 
 Willis. It enters the orbit by the sphenoidal fis- 
 sure, passes along the inner paries of that cavity, 
 and divides, opposite the internal and anterior 
 orbitar foramen, into two branches. 1. The in- 
 ternal and 2)osterior, which passes into the Fora- 
 men orbitarium internum anterius, enters the cra- 
 nium beneath the dura mater, and passes into the 
 nasal fossaj, through an aperture at the side of 
 the Crista galli. It afterwards divides into seve- 
 ral filaments: one of them — the Naso-lobar, of 
 Chaussier — is very small, and descends on the 
 posterior surface of the os nasi, and ramifies on 
 the integuments of the ala nasi. A second ter- 
 minates near the septum ; others descend along 
 the outer paries of the nasal fossse. 2. The other 
 is external and anterior, and is called the external 
 nasal nerve. It is distributed to the outside of 
 the orbit. Before dividing, the nasal nerve com- 
 municates with the ophthalmic ganglion, and 
 gives off two or three ciliary nerves : the Poste- 
 rior Nasal Nerve. Sommering has given this 
 name to the nerves, which arise from the inter- 
 nal part of the spheno-palatine ganglion. 
 
 Nasal Notch, (F,) Echancrure nasale. A 
 semicircular notch, situate between the nasal 
 prominence of the frontal bone, and articulated 
 with the nasal bones and the nasal processes of 
 the superior maxillary bones. 
 Nasal Process, Maxilla.ry bone, superior. 
 Nasal Prom'inence, (F.) Posse nasale. A 
 prominence, situate on the median line, at the 
 anterior surface of the os frontis, between the two 
 superciliary arches. 
 
 Nasal Region, Re'gio nasa'lis. The region 
 of the nose. 
 Nasal Spines. These are three in number. 
 1. The Supe'rior nasal spine of the os frontis, 
 occupying the middle of its nasal notch, and ar- 
 ticulated before with the nasal bones, behind 
 with the ethmoid. 2. The infe'rior and ante'rior 
 nasal spine, situate at the inferior part of the an- 
 terior opening of the nasal fossaa. It is formed 
 by the two superior maxillary bones ; jind 3. The 
 infe'rior and poste'rior nasal spine, Epine guttM- 
 rale (Ch.), a process, formed on ibe median lin« 
 
NASALE 
 
 583- 
 
 NAUCLEA 
 
 by tte two palate bones at the posterior part of 
 the palatine arch. 
 
 I^ASALE, Errhine. 
 
 NASALIS, Compressor naris. 
 
 Nasa'lis La'bii SoPERio'nis. A small mus- 
 cular slip, -which runs up from the middle of the 
 orbicularis and the lip to the tip of the nose. It 
 lies exactly in the furrow, and is occasion ally_ a 
 levator of the upper lip, or a depressor of the tip 
 of the nose. 
 
 jSI'ASAS, Nata. 
 
 JTASATUS, Membrosus. 
 
 NAS'CALE. A kind of pessary, made of wool 
 or cotton, which was formerly introduced into 
 the vagina, after being impregnated with oil, 
 ointment, or some other proper medicament. 
 
 [N'ASCAPHTHON, Narcarphthon. 
 
 ]S^ASDA, Nata. 
 
 NASI, see Oryza. 
 
 NASITAS, Ilhinophonia. 
 
 JSTASITIS, Rhinitis — n. Postica, Anginanasalis. 
 
 NASO, Nasu'tus, from nasus, 'the nose.' One 
 who has a long nose. 
 
 NASOCILIARIS (Nervus), Nasal nerve. 
 
 NASO-LA'BIAL, Naso-IabiaUs ; from nastis, 
 ' the nose,' and labium, ' a lip.' Relating to the 
 nose and lip. 
 
 Naso-Labial Line. A line or furrow, which 
 separates the lip from the cheek, and commences 
 at the ala nasi. 
 
 NASO-LABIA'LIS. A muscular fasciculus 
 described by Albinus, which arises from the an- 
 terior extremity of the septum nasi, and termi- 
 nates in the orbicularis oris. 
 
 NASO-PAL'ATINB, Naso-palati'nus. _ That 
 ■which belongs to the nose and velum palati. 
 
 Naso-Palatine Ganglion is situate in the 
 foramen palatinum anterius. Its greater extre- 
 mity receives the two naso-palatine branches; 
 whilst the smaller gives off two or three fila- 
 ments, which reach the palatine vault, where 
 they ramify on the membrane of the same name, 
 anastomosing with filaments of the great palatine 
 nerve. 
 
 Naso-Palatine Nerve is furnished by the 
 spheno-palatine, which proceeds from the gan- 
 glion of Meckel. It traverses the vault of the 
 nasal fossa3, and proceeds upon the septum be- 
 tween the two layers of the pituitary membrane. 
 It enters the anterior palatine canal, and termi- 
 nates at the superior angles of the naso-palatine 
 ganglion, without attaining the mouth. 
 
 NASO-PALPJEBRAL, Orbicularis palpebra- 
 rum. 
 
 NASTA, Natn,. 
 
 NASTURTIUM AMPHIBIUM, see Sisym- 
 Imum — n. Aquaticum, Cardamine pratensis, Si- 
 symbrium nasturtium — n. Bursa pastoris, Thlaspi 
 bursa — n. Hortense, Lepidium sativum — n. Indi- 
 cum, Tropajolum majus — n. Officinale, Sisymbri- 
 um nasturtium — n. Palustre, see Sisymbrium — n. 
 Peruvianum, Tropa3olum majus — n. Pratense, 
 Cardamine pratensis — n. Sativum, Lepidium sa- 
 tivum. 
 
 NASUM DILATAXS. Pyramidalis nasi. 
 
 NASUS, The Noee, Rlnn, Elds, Or'ganon oU 
 fncfiLs seu odora'ttls seu olfacto' rhim, Promonto'- 
 rinm faciei, Myxo'ier, Emunnto' rium cer'ehri, 
 /•inout, CE.) Nez. The nose is a pyramidal emi- 
 nence, situate above the anterior apertures of the 
 nasal fossoe, which it covers; and, consequently, 
 occupying the middle and upper part of the face, 
 between the forehead and upper lip, the orbits 
 and the cheeks. Its lateral surfaces form, by 
 UTiiting angularly, a more or less prominent line, 
 called Dorsum seu T'hnchi^ seu tS'piiia Nnsi, (F.) 
 f/ue du nez. This line terminates, anteriorly, 
 
 by the lohe, — Lol'ulua. The sides are called Alie 
 Nasi, Pinnm Naris, (F.) Ailes du nez. The co- 
 lumna is the inferior part of the partition. Its 
 apex or tip has been called Glob'uhis nasi. 
 
 The chief varieties of the nose are the aq'viline, 
 the flat nose, (F.) Nez camarot ou epate, and the 
 enub nose, (F.) Nez retrousse. The nose is formed, 
 besides its bones, of fibro-eartilage, cartilage, mus- 
 cles, vessels, and nerves; and its use seems to be to 
 direct odours to the upper part of the nasal fossae. 
 
 Nasds Internus, Nares. 
 
 NASUTUS, Naso. 
 
 NATA, Natta, Naea, Nasda, Nasta, Nasas, 
 Napta. A fleshy, indolent excrescence, having 
 the shane of the nates. 
 
 NATARON, Natron. 
 
 NATA'TION, Nafa'tio. from nature, itself from 
 nare, ' to swim.' Sicimming. The action of 
 swimming, or of supporting one's self, or moving 
 upon the water. Swimming resembles the hori- 
 zontal leap in its physiology — the medium being 
 water instead of air. The difference between the 
 specific gravity of the human body and that of 
 water is not great; so that but little exertion is 
 required to keep a part of the body above water. 
 Swimming is a healthy gymnastic exercise, com- 
 bining the advantages of bathing. 
 
 NATES, Ephed'rana, Nat'ulce, Sca'pMa,Chmes, 
 Glutei, Gluli. Glu'tia, Sedi'lia, Pyge, Moucb, the 
 Bottom, Backside, Poste'riors, Buttocks, &c., (F.) 
 Fesses. Two round projections, at the inferior 
 and posterior part of the trunk, on which we sit. 
 Amongst the mammalia, man alone has the nates 
 prominent and round. They are formed chiefly 
 by the skin, and k. thick layer of areolar tissue, 
 which covers the three glutsei muscles. 
 
 Nates Cerebri, see Quadrigemina corpora — 
 n. et Testes, Quadrigemina corpora. 
 
 NATRIUM, Sodium. 
 
 NATROCREN^, NatropegaB. 
 
 NATRON, Natrum., Nat'aron, Nitrnm, Ana- 
 trum, Aphronitrum, from Natron, a lake in Judaea. 
 A saline compound, very abundant in Egypt, 
 which is almost wholly formed of subcarbonate 
 of soda. 
 
 NATRONIUM, Sodium. 
 
 NATROPE'GiE, Natrocre'ncB, from N'atron, 
 and TTvyn, ' a spring.' Soda springs. 
 
 NATRUM, Natron — n. Chloratum liquidum, 
 Liquor sodee chlorinatEB — n. Muriaticum, Soda, 
 muriate of — n. Muriatum, Soda, muriate of — n. 
 Prteparatum, Soda, subcarbonate of — n. Tartari- 
 zatum, Soda,, tartrate of — n. Vitriolatum, Soda., 
 sulphate of — n. Nitrieum, Soda, nitrate of — n. 
 Oxymuriaticum, Soda, chloride of — n. Oxyphos- 
 phorodes, Soda, phosphate of — n. Sulphuricum, 
 Soda, sulphate of. 
 
 NATTA, Nata. 
 
 NATUL.E, Nates. 
 
 NATU'RA, from na^ci, 'to be born or arise.' 
 Pliysis. Nature. Also, genital organs. 
 
 Natu'ra Morbi. The essence or condition of 
 
 NATURAL PARTS, Genital organs. 
 
 NATURALIA, Genital organs. 
 
 NA'TURISM, Nat'uraliam. A view which 
 attributes every thing to nature, as a sage, pre- 
 scient, and sanative entity. — Nysten. See Ex- 
 pectation. 
 
 NA'TURIST. A physician who scrupulously 
 investigates, interprets, and follows the indica- 
 tions presented by nature in the ti'eatment of 
 disease. 
 
 NAU'CLEA GAMBIR, Unea'ria gambir. A 
 plant of the family and tribe Cinchonaceas, a 
 native of the Malayan Peninsula and Indian Ar- 
 chipelago, which yields large quantities of the 
 kind of Catechu known by the names Terra Jo- 
 
NAUSEA 
 
 553 
 
 NEEDLE 
 
 pon'ica and Square Catechu, and which, in Indian 
 commerce, is called Gambeer. It is a powerful 
 astringent, much used in tanning, and in medi- 
 cine, as a substitute for the Catechu of the Acacia. 
 NAU'SEA, Nau'sia, Nausi'asis, Nausio'sia, 
 Nau'tia, Queasineas, Squeaaineaa, (F.) Nauaee, 
 Envie de vomir ; from vav?, navis, 'a ship;' be- 
 cause those unaccustomed to sailing are so af- 
 fected. Sickness. Inclination to vomit. 
 
 Nausea, Krbat'ic, (k-fjca;, n-oEarof, 'flesh.') The 
 sickness and vomiting, excited, in some nervous 
 patients, by the smallest portion of animal food. 
 
 Nausea Maei'xa, 3Iorbus nau'ticus, Vom'itus 
 navigan' tium seu mari'nus, Sea-sickness, (F.) 3Ial 
 de mer. The sickness, vomiting, &c., experienced 
 at sea by those unaccustomed to a sea-life ; and 
 from which those who are accustomed are not 
 always exempt. It generally ceases when the 
 person becomes habituated to the motion of the 
 vessel, and not till then. 
 
 NAU'SEANT, Nau'seans. An agent that ex- 
 cites nausea, which is a state of diminished action. 
 Nauseants are, hence, valuable remedies in dis- 
 eases of excitement. 
 
 NAUSIA, Nausea. 
 
 NAUSIASIS, Nausea. 
 
 NAUSIO'SIS. This word, besides being sy- 
 nonymous with nausea, has been used to express 
 the state of venous hemorrhage, when blood is 
 discharged bj' jets. 
 
 NAUTIA, Nausea. 
 
 NAVEL, Umbilicus — n. String, Funiculus um- 
 bilicalis — n.Wort, Cotyledon umbilicus — n. Wort, 
 Venus's, Cotyledon umbilicus. 
 
 NA VET, "Brassica rapa. 
 
 NAVETTE, Brassica rapa. 
 
 NAVICULAR, Navicula' risjNavifor'mis, from 
 navicida, ' a little ship.' 
 
 Natic'ulae Fossa, Fossa Navicula'ria, F. 
 Seapho'i'des, A^avic'ida, Scaj^h'nla. See Scaphoid. 
 This name has been given, 1. To a small depres- 
 sion between the entrance of the vagina and the 
 posterior commissure of the labia major or four- 
 chette. 2. To a perceptible dilatation, presented 
 by the urethra in man, near the base of the 
 glans. 3. To the superficial depression which 
 separates the two roots of the helix. This is also 
 called Seapha. 
 
 NAVICULARE OS, Scaphoides os. 
 
 NAVIFORMIS, Navicular. 
 
 NAVIS, Vulva. 
 
 NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS, Myopia. 
 
 NEB'ULA, Nuiea, Nuhec'ula, Nephos, NepV- 
 ele, Nephe'lion, (F.) Nuage, Ombrage. A slight 
 speck on the cornea. A mist or cloud suspended 
 in the urine. See Caligo. 
 
 NEBULOUS, Nepheloid. 
 
 NECESSARY, Necesaa'rius, (ne, and cessare.) 
 
 The Necessaries of Life, VitcB necessita'tes, (F.) 
 
 Hesoins de la vie, include every thing requisite 
 
 I for the maintenance of life, and particularly food. 
 
 NECK, DERBYSHIRE, Bronchocele — n. 
 Swelled, Bronchocele — n. Stiff, Torticollis — n. 
 Wry, Torticollis. 
 
 NECKLACE, AN'ODYNE. These are formed 
 of the roots of hyoscyamus. Job's tears, allspice 
 steeped in brandy, or the seeds of the wild liquo- 
 rice vine, to suit the fancy of the prescriber. 
 They are employed to facilitate dentition in chil- 
 dren, and to procure sleep in fever.(!) 
 
 NECKWEED, Veronica beccabunga, V. pere- 
 grina. 
 
 NECR^'MIA, from vsKpog, 'death,' and 'aijxa, 
 'blood.' Death of the blood. Death beginning 
 with the blood. 
 
 NECRENCEPHALUS, Mollities cerebri. 
 
 NECROCEDIA, Embalming. 
 
 NECRODES, Cadaverous. 
 
 NECROLOGY, BILLS OF, Mortality, bills of. 
 
 lS'EC'^01siA.'^CY,Necromanti'a,Negvomanti'a, 
 
 Necyomanti'a, Nigromanti'a, from veKpog, ' death,' 
 
 and fiavTtta, ' divination.' Divination by the dead. 
 
 NECROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 
 NECRON, Cadaver. 
 
 NECRONARCEMA, Rigor mortis. 
 
 NECROPHOB'IA, from vzKpo;, 'death,' and 
 (pofios, ' fear.' Exaggerated fear of death. This 
 symptom occurs in patients where the disease is 
 not mortal ; as in hypochondriasis. In fevers, it 
 is not a good symptom. 
 
 NECROPNEUMO'NIA, Pneumo'nia gangr<z- 
 no'sa seu ti/pho'sa, GangrcB'na seu Mortifica'tio 
 seu Anthrax seu Oarhun'culus Pulmo'num, P»eu~ 
 moseji'sis, Pneumoc'ace, (F.) Gangrene du Pou- 
 mon; from wKpof, ' death,' and ^^neujnojii'a. Gan- 
 grenous inflammation of the lungs. This may be 
 diffused or circumscribed. The only pathogno- 
 monic symptom is the extraordinary and repul- 
 sive odour of the breath and expectoration. The 
 treatment consists in the use of the chlorides in- 
 ternally, or of chlorine by inhalation ; allaying 
 irritation by opium, and supporting the patient 
 by wine-whey, and nourishing diet. 
 
 NECROPSIA, Autopsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECROPSY, Autopsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECROSCOPIA, Autopsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECROSCOPY, Autopsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECRO'SIS, from vtKpow, 'I kill.' Mortifica- 
 tion. State of a bone or of a portion of a bone 
 deprived of life. OsteogangrcB'na, Oateonecro'sis. 
 Necrosis may take place without the surrounding 
 soft parts being struck with gangrene. It is to 
 the bones what gangrene is to the soft parts. 
 The part of the bone affected with necrosis be- 
 comes a foreign body, similar to the gangrenous 
 eschar, and its separation must be accomplished 
 by the efforts of nature, or by art. When necro- 
 sis occurs in the centre of long bones, it never 
 extends to their articular extremities. The exte- 
 rior layers of bone form a canal round the dead 
 portion or sequestrum,- between these swollen 
 layers and the sequestrum, suppuration takes 
 place; the matter presses against the bony canal; 
 perforates it, and is discharged by apertures, 
 which become fistulous. 
 
 In the treatment, the exit of the sequestrum 
 must be facilitated by proper incisions, by the 
 application of the trepan to the bone, &c. 
 
 Necrosis Cerealis, Ergotism — n. Dentium, 
 Dental gangrene — n. Ustilaginea, Ergotism. 
 
 NECROTOMY, Dissection. 
 
 NECTANDRA RODIEI, see Bebeeru. 
 
 NECTAR, from vj], 'a particle of negation,* 
 and KTooi, 'to kill.' A pleasant liquor, feigned 
 by the poets to have been the drink of the gods, 
 and to have rendered immortal those who partook 
 of it. A name given, by the ancients, to many 
 drinks ; and particularly to one made with wine, 
 evaporated, and sweetened with honey. 
 
 NECTARIUM, Inula helenium. 
 
 NECUSIA, see Wound. 
 
 NECYOMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 
 NEDYIA, Intestines. 
 
 NEDYS, vn^vs. The belly, abdomen, stomach, 
 uterus. 
 
 . NEEDLE, Sax. ne&l,ni5e61, from Teut. neten, 
 'to sew.' Acus, Bel' one, Paphis, Baph'ion, Aces' - 
 tra, (F.) Aiguille. A steel instrument, used in 
 many professions. In Surgery, a steel, gold, sil- 
 ver, or platina instrument, that may be round, flat, 
 or triangular, straight, or curved, supported or 
 not by a handle, but having alicai,-^ a point, by 
 means of which it penetrates the textures ; and 
 often having, either near the point, or, more com- 
 monly, near the other extremity, an aperture or 
 eye for the reception of a thread or tape, whioli 
 
NEEDLE 
 
 590 
 
 NEPENTHES 
 
 it introduces into the parts. The Aiguille d ap- 
 jjareil of the French is the ordinary sewing nee- 
 dle used in the making of bandages, &c. 
 
 Needle, Acupuncture, (P.) Aiguille d Acu- 
 puncture, An inflexible gold or silver needle; 
 conical, very delicate, four inches long, furnished 
 ■with a handle, and, at times, with a canula 
 shorter than it by about half an inch. An ordi- 
 nary needle, waxed at the head, will answer as a 
 substitute for this. See Acupuncture. 
 
 Needle, Cataract, Acua ophthal'miea, (F.) 
 Aiguille d cataracte. Needles of gold, silver, and 
 steel have been used; the latter, alone, at the 
 present day. The cataract needle is employed 
 to depress or tear the crystalline when opake. 
 This needle is usually made from 15 to 24 lines 
 long ; and is attached to a fine handle. The ex- 
 tremity may be, as in Scarpa's and Langenbeck's, 
 pointed, prismatic, triangular, and curved; in 
 Dupuytren's and Walther's, flat, curved, and 
 sharp-edged ; in Hey's, flat, with a semicircular 
 and sharp end ; or, as in Beer's, Siebold's, 
 Schmidt's, Himly's, Von Grate's, <fec., straight 
 and spear-pointed. A mark is generally placed 
 upon the handle to inform the operator, — when 
 the instrument is engaged in the eye, — what side 
 corresponds to the crystalline. 
 
 Needle for a Counter-Opening, Acua invagi- 
 na'ta, (F.) Aiguille d Contre-ouverture, Aiguille 
 engainee, Aiguille d gaine, — a long, narrow in- 
 strument of steel ; the point of which is fine and 
 sharp on both sides; — the heel {talon) having an 
 aperture to receive a thread, tape, &o., provided 
 with a flat, silver sheath, shorter than the blade, 
 the point of which it covers when passing through 
 parts that have to be respected. 
 
 Needle, Deschamp's, Paupe's needle, (F.) Ai- 
 guille de Deschamps, Aiguille d manche, &o., is 
 the last described needle, fixed to a handle. The 
 eye is placed near the point. It is employed in 
 the ligature of deep-seated arteries. 
 
 Needle, Fis'tula, (F.) Aiguille d Fistule. A 
 long, flat, flexible, silver instrument ; having an 
 aperture near one extremity; blunt at the other. 
 This was formerly used for passing a seton into 
 fistulous ulcers. On one of its sides was a groove 
 for guiding a bistouri in case of necessity. 
 
 Also, a long, steel instrument, terminated by a 
 point like that of a trocar, which Desault em- 
 ployed for penetrating the rectum, when operating 
 for fistula that had no internal aperture. 
 
 Needle, Hare-Lip, (F.) Aiguille d Bee de 
 Lilvre. A small, silver canula, to which is at- 
 tached a spear-point, that can be readily with- 
 drawn. This needle, armed with the point, is 
 introduced at one side of the fissure in the lip, 
 and through the other. The twisted suture is 
 then applied, and the pin withdrawn. 
 
 Needle, Lig'ature, (F.) Aiguille d ligature. 
 A long, steel instrument, sharp towards one ex- 
 tremity, with an eye near the other, which was 
 formerly used for suspending the circulation of 
 blood prior to amputation, by being passed through 
 the limb, so as to include the principal artery and 
 a part of the muscles and integuments. 
 
 Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions, 
 round towards one of its extremities, which was 
 Straight, and furnished with an aperture ; curved 
 and flat towards the opposite, which was pointed, 
 and had a slight ridge on its concave side. At 
 the commencement of the last century, this in- 
 strument was used to piss ligatures around ves- 
 sels 
 
 Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions, 
 flat, regularly curved in the form of a semicircle, 
 ■with a sharp or lance point, and a long eye, used 
 with advantage in place of the last. 
 
 Needle, Seton, (F.) Aiguille d Seton. A long, 
 narrow, steel blade ; pointed and sharp at one 
 extremity ; pierced at the other by an aperture. 
 The Aiguille d contre-ouverture may be used for 
 the same purpose. 
 
 Needle, Suture, (F.) Aiguille d Suture. For 
 the twisted suture, the hare-lip needle is used; 
 for the others, the straight or curved needle : the 
 straight needle is preferable for stitching up the 
 abdomen, &c., in dissection. In the suture of 
 the tendons, a curved needle has been used ; flat 
 on both sides, and cutting only at the concave 
 edge, in order that the instrument may pass be- 
 tween the tendinous fibres without dividing them. 
 NEEDLE-BEARER, Porte-aiguille. 
 NEEDLE-CARRIER, Porte-aiguille. 
 NEFLE, Mespilus (the fruit.) 
 NEFLIER, Mespilus. 
 
 NEFREN'DES, properly, 'sucking pigs.' — 
 Varro. Nodoi, Eden'tuli {vn, privative, and oiovi, 
 ' a tooth.') Persons devoid of teeth. Young chil- 
 dren, for instance, who have not cut them ; or 
 aged persons, who have lost them. This state is 
 called Nefrendis, Nodo'aia, Odon'tia eden'tula. 
 NEGOTIUM PARTURITIONIS, Parturition. 
 NEGRE BLANC, Albino. 
 NEGRETIA PRURIENS, Dolichos pruriens. 
 NEGRO, Ni'grita. One of the .Ethiopian race. 
 See Homo and Mulatto. 
 NEGROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 NEIjE'RA, Ne'i'ra, Imtts Venter. The lower 
 part of the belly. — Hippocrates. 
 NEIGE, Snow. 
 NEIRA, Neiaera. 
 
 NELUM'BIUM LU'TEUM, Yelloro ne'lumho, 
 Yellow water lily. Pond lily, Water shield , Water 
 nuts, Water chin'capin, Battle nut, Sacred bean. 
 A beautiful water plant, common in the United 
 States, and belonging to Nat. Ord. Nymphacese ; 
 Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. The leaves 
 are cooling and emollient when applied to the 
 surface. The roots, leaves, and nuts are eaten. 
 The last are called by the Indians and others 
 water chincapins. 
 NELUMBO, YELLOW, Nelumbium luteum. 
 NENDO, Angelica lucida, 
 NENNDORF, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 N^enndorf is a village three and a half German 
 miles from Hanover. Its cold sulphureous spring 
 is much celebrated. 
 
 NENUPHAR, Nympha9a alba — »i. Blanc, 
 Nymphffia alba — n. Jaune, N3'mph£ea lutea — n. 
 Lutea, Nymphasa lutea — n. Odorant, Nympha^a 
 odorata. 
 
 NEOARTHRO'SIS, from veo;, 'new,' and ap- 
 
 doov, 'a joint.' A new joint; an artificial joint. 
 
 NEOG'ALA, from reus, 'new,' and ya\a, 'milk.' 
 
 Milk secreted immediately aftey the colostrum. 
 
 Also, the colostrum. 
 
 NEOCENES, Nouveau-ne. 
 NEOGILUS, Nouveau-ne. 
 NEOGNUS, Nouveau-ne. 
 NEONATUS, Nouveau-ni. 
 NE'OPLASTY, Neoplas'tidir from rtof, 'new,' 
 and TrXao-o-u), TT^arTiji, ' I form.' An operative pro- 
 cess for the formation of new T«-rts. It includes 
 autoplasty, cicatrization of w'^.nds, and the for- 
 mation of adhesions. — Burdi.ch. 
 NEOTTIA, Goodyera puboscens. 
 NEP, Nepeta. 
 
 NEPEN'THA DESTILLAT0'RIA,J7«)if?»'m, 
 
 A Ceylonese plant, the root of which is astringent. 
 
 NEPEN'THES, from vv, T)egi^->e particle, and 
 
 ircvSos, 'grief.' A remedy much extolled by the 
 
 ancients against sadness and rjo'enLholy. 
 
 The women of Thebes, a.;cc.-.^ ^ V ■^icdorns 
 
NEPETA 
 
 591 
 
 NEPHROrYIC 
 
 Siceliotes, alone possessed the secret of its com- 
 position ; and, according to Homer, Helen intro- 
 duced it from Egypt. Some suppose it to have 
 been opium. 
 
 Nepexthes, Bangue — n. Opiatum, Pilulae opi- 
 ate. 
 
 NEP'ETA, ^V. Cata'ria sea vulga'ris Cata'ria 
 vulga'ris, Herha felis, Nep or Catmint, (F.) Herbe 
 aux Chats, — so called, because cats are fond of it. 
 The leaves, Cuta'ria (Ph. U. S.), have a smell and 
 taste like those of an admixture of spearmint and 
 pennyroyal. It has been recommended in ute- 
 rine disorders, dyspepsia, flatulency, &c., like 
 pennyroyal ; and is much used in domestic medi- 
 cine, on the American continent, in flatulencies, 
 &c., of children. 
 
 Nepeta AaRESTis, Melissa nepeta — n. Gle- 
 choma, Glechoma bederacea — n. Vulgaris, Ne- 
 peta. 
 
 NEPHALIOTES, Temperance. 
 
 JNEPHELE, EuiBorema, Nebula. 
 
 NEPHELION, Nebula. 
 
 NEPH'ELOID, NepheloVdeg, Nephelo'des, 
 Neh'ulous, Nuhilo'aus. An epithet applied to 
 urine when it is cloudy — Uri'na nephclo' des. 
 
 NEPHOS, Nebula. 
 
 NEPHRAL'GIA, Dolor Nepliret'icus, Neural' - 
 gia Renum, (F.) Kecralgie des Reins, D-jsneph.ro- 
 nervie, from vecppos, *a kidney,' and aAyof, 'pain.' 
 Pain and neuralgia in the kidney. 
 
 Nephralgia Arexosa, see Gravel — n. Caleu- 
 losa, see Gravel — n. Rheumatica, Lumbago. 
 
 NEPHRAPOS'TASIS, Nephrojjyo'eis, Absces'- 
 sus rena'lis, from vetppos, 'kidney/ and avoaraaig, 
 ' abscess.' Renal abscess. 
 
 NEPHRATON'IA, from vsippo;, 'kidney,' and 
 arovta, 'want of tone.' Reinim aton'ia seu pa- 
 ral'ysis. Atony of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRELCO'SIS, Nephropyo'sis, Heho'sis 
 rena'lis, from veippo;, 'kidney,' and 'sAkojo-jj, 'ul- 
 ceration.' Ulceration of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRELMIN'TIC, Nephrelmin'ticiia, from 
 vt<ppos, 'a kidney,' and 'tX/xtrj, 'a worm.' That 
 which is owing to the presence of worms in the 
 kidney. 
 
 NEPHREMPHRAX'IS, from vc<ppo^, 'a kid- 
 ney,' and tjKppaddii], ' I obstruct.' A name given 
 by Ploucquet to obstruction of the kidneys. 
 
 NEPHRET'IC, Nephrid'ius, Nephrit'ic, Ne- 
 ^hrit'icus, from vecppos, 'a kidney.' That which 
 relates to the kidney. Applied, especially, to 
 pain, &c., seated in the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRET'ICUM, in llateria 3fedica, means 
 a medicine employed for the cure of diseases of 
 the kidney. 
 
 Nephreticuji Lisxujr, Guilandina moringa. 
 
 NEPHRET'ICUS LAPIS, Talcum nephrit'- 
 icum, (F.) Pierre nephretique. Jade nephrite ou 
 oriental. A green, fatty kind of stone, — once 
 used as an amulet against epilepsy ; an absurd 
 name, as there can be no such remedy. 
 
 NEPHRID'ION, Pingue'do rena'lis. The fat 
 ■which surrounds the kidneys. — Hippocrates. 
 
 NEPHRIDIUM, Capsule, renal. 
 
 NE/HRIDIUS, Nephretic. 
 
 NEPHRITE, Nephritis — n. Albumineuse, Kid- 
 ney, Brisrhfs disease of the. 
 
 NEPHRITES, Asphaltites. 
 
 NEPHRITIC, Nephretic. 
 
 NEPHRITICUM LIGNUM, Gunandina 'Iflo- 
 ringa. 
 
 NEPHRITIS, Asphaltites, 
 
 Nephritis, Empres'ma Nephritis, from vccbpo;, 
 'kidney,' and -itis, 'denoting inflammation;' Re- 
 num inflamma'tio, Nephro-phleg'mone, — Inflam- 
 matioa of the Kidney, (P.) Nephrite, Inflammation 
 
 des Reins, is characterized by acute pain ; burn- 
 ing heat, and a sensation of weight in the region 
 of one or both kidneys ; suppression or diminu- 
 tion of 'irine ; fever; dysuria; ischuria; consti- 
 pation, more or less obstinate ; retraction of tho 
 testicle, and numbness of the thigh of the same 
 side. It may be distinguished into simple and 
 calculous nephritis. In the latter, thi? urine often 
 contains small particles of urie acid or of urate 
 of ammonia. The most common causes of ne- 
 phritis are, — excess in irritating and alcoholic 
 drinks ; abuse of diuretics ; blows or falls on the 
 region of the kidneys ; the presence of renal cal- 
 culi, &e. It may be distinguished from lumbago 
 by the pain which attends the latter on the 
 slightest motion, <&c. It usually terminates by 
 resolution in from one week to two or three. It 
 may, however, end in suppuration — pyonephrite ; 
 or may become chronic — chrononephrite, (Piorry.) 
 In the treatment, antiphlogistics, as bleeding, 
 baths, &c., are required to the full extent; with 
 the use of diluents, opiates, <£c. 
 
 Nephritis Albuminensis, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the — n. Albuminosa, Kidney, Bright'a 
 disease of the — n. Associated, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the — n. Cachectic, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the — n. Sociata, Kidney, Bright's dis- 
 ease of the. 
 
 NEPHRODES, Nephroid. 
 
 NEPHRODIUM FILIX MAS, Polypodium 
 filix mas. 
 
 NEPHROG'RAPHT, from vei>pog, 'a kidney,' 
 and ypaiprj, 'a description.' An anatomical de- 
 scription of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROHiE'MIA, from vtd>po;, 'kidney,' and 
 'aijua, ' blood.' Hypereemia or congestion of the 
 kidney. 
 
 NEPH'ROID, Nephrdi'des, Nepihro'des, Reni~ 
 form' is, from veippo;, 'kidney,' and eiSos, 'form, 
 resemblance.' Reniform. Having a resemblance 
 to a kidnej' — as 'nephroid cancer,' so called be- 
 cause the morbid growth resembles the kidney in 
 structure. 
 
 NEPHROLITHI'ASIS, from rt^pof, 'a kid- 
 ney,' and Xido;, 'a stone.' The disease of calculus 
 in the kidney; Lith'ia rena'lis, Lithi'asis nephrit'- 
 iea, L. Rena'lis. See Gravel. 
 
 NEPHROLITH'IC, same etymon. Belonging 
 to calculi in the kidneys. This epithet has been 
 applied to ischuria, occasioned by calculi formed 
 in the kidneys. 
 
 NEPHROL'OGY, Nephrolog"ia, from vttppoi, 
 'kidney,' and \oyos, 'a treatise.' A treatise on 
 the kidneys. Dissertation on the kidneys and 
 their functions. 
 
 NEPHROMALA'GIA, from vc<ppo?, 'kidney, 
 and iiaXaKia, softness.' Softening of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROMETR^, Psose. 
 
 NEPHRON'CUS, Tumor rena'lis, from vt(pooi,f 
 'kidney,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.' A tumefaction 
 of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC, A^ejoAro-j5^?e^?«a('- 
 icus, from veippos, 'kidney,' and (pXcyjxa, 'phlegm.* 
 A name given, by some authors, to ischuria pro- 
 duced by mucus contained in the urine. 
 
 NEPHROPHLEGMONE, Nephritis. 
 
 NEPHROPHTHI'SIS, from v€<ppos, 'kidney,' 
 and (pdicn;, 'consumption.' Phthisis from suppU" 
 ration of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROPLETHOR'IC, Nephro-plethor'ieun, 
 from v£(ppos, ' a kidney,' and TrXriSmpa, ' plethora.' 
 Belonging to plethora of the kidneys. An epi- 
 thet given to ischuria dependent upon this cause. 
 
 NEPHROPT'IC, Nephro-py'icus, from v£(^poj, 
 'a kidney,' and nvov,' pus.' Belonging to sup« 
 puration of the kidney. 
 
NEPHROPTOSIS 
 
 592 
 
 NERVE 
 
 NEPHROPTOSIS, Nephrapostasis, Nephrel- 
 
 oosis. 
 
 NEPHRORRHAG"IA, Emmatu'ria rena'th, 
 Ho'morrhacj" ia renum, from vz<ppos, 'kidney,' and 
 oayri, 'rupture;' Proflu'vium san'ffuinis e re'nihas. 
 Hemorrhage from the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROS, Kidney. 
 
 NEPHROSCLE'RIA, from vt^^gos, 'kidney,' 
 and aickvpia, 'hardness;' Indura'tio renum. In- 
 duration of the kidneys. 
 
 NEPHROSPAS'TIC, NejyTirospas'ticm, from 
 vc(ppos, ' a kidney,' and a-ao), ' I draw.' That 
 which depends upon spasm of the kidney. An 
 epithet given to a variety of ischuria. 
 
 NE PHROTHROM'BOID, NepTiro-thromloi'- 
 dcs, from vtcpoog, 'a kidney,' and h^ofifioi,' a, clot.' 
 That which depends upon clots of blood, con- 
 tained in the kidneys or their ducts. An epithet 
 for a species of ischuria. 
 
 NEPHROT'OMT, Nephro-lUhot'omy, Nep>\ro- 
 tom'ia, Nephro-lithotom'ia, Sectio rena'lis, S. re- 
 1118, from v€(ppoi, ' a kidney,' and re^ivtiv, ' to cut.' 
 Dissection of the kidney. Also, an operation pro- 
 posed with the view of extracting calculi formed 
 in the kidney, by means of an incision into the 
 tissue of that organ. 
 
 NEPHRUS, Kidney. 
 
 KEPIOS, Infans. 
 
 NEPIOTES, Infancy. 
 
 NEPTA, Asphaltum. 
 
 NERANTIA, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 NEIiF, Nerve — n. Circoiiflexe, Axillary nerve 
 — n. Dcntaire, Dental nerve — n. Feasier, Gluteal 
 nerve — n. Glosso-jjharyngien, Pharyngo-glossal 
 nerve — n. Gustatif, see Lingual nerve — n. Gus^ 
 tatif innomine, Trigemini — n. Guttural, Palatine 
 (middle) nerve — n. Gutturo-palalin, Palatine 
 nerve — n. Honteux, Pudic nerve — n. Irien, Ciliary 
 nerve — n. IscJiio-clitorien, Pudic nerve — n. J«cMo- 
 penien, Pudic nerve — n. Lahyrinthique, Auditory 
 nerve — n. Ifentonnier, Mental nerve — ?i. Ifoteur 
 oinilaire externe, Motor oculi externus — n. Ocido- 
 musculaire externe. Motor oculi externus — n. 
 Oculo-musculaire interne, Patheticus nervus — 
 n. Paihetiqve, Patheticus ner^nis — n. Peroniere 
 branche, Popliteal nerve, external — n. Pharyngo- 
 glossien, Pharyngo-glossal nerve — n. Premiere 
 paire trachelienne, Occipital nerve — n. Vertebro- 
 digital, Musculo-cutaneous nerve — n. Pretihio- 
 digital, Musculo-cutaneous nerve — n. Pretihio 
 susplantaire, Tibial nerve, anterior — n. Radio- 
 digital, Radial nerve — ». Sciatique grand, Sciatic 
 nerve, great — n. Sciatique petit, Sciatic nerve, 
 lesser — n. Sciatique poplite externe, Musculo- 
 cutaneous nerve — n. Soua-occijntal, Occipital 
 nerve — n. Sous-puhio-femoral, Obturator nerve — 
 n. Spino-cranio-trapezien, Spinal nerve — n. Sus- 
 maxillaire, Maxillary superior nerve — n. Sunjiu- 
 hien, Supra-pubian nerve — n. Tihiale branche, 
 Popliteal internal — n. Tracheal, Laryngeal infe- 
 rior nerve — n. Trachelo-doraal, Spinal nerve — 
 n. Trijumeau, Trigemini — n. d Trois cordcs, Tri- 
 gemini — n. Tympnniqne, Chorda tympani. 
 
 NERFS BiiONCHIQUES, Bronchial nerves 
 — n. Giliairea, Ciliary nerves — n. Moteitra ocu- 
 lairea communa, Motores oculorum — n. Sacr^a, 
 Bacral nerves — n. Soua-coatalcs, Intercostal nerves. 
 
 NERIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Neris is 
 on the high road from Moulins to Limoges, eighty 
 leagues from Paris. There are four springs, the 
 water of which is clear, inodorous, tasteless, and 
 has an unctuous feel. It contains carbonic acid 
 ga*, carbonate of soda, and sulphate of soda, 
 ehloride of sodium, silex and an animal matter to 
 which its ' oleaginous' property is probably owing. 
 The waters are generally used ia the form of 
 thermal baths. 
 
 NERIUM, N. oleander. 
 
 Ne'rium ANTlDTSlNTER'icujr, Wright'ia anti- 
 dysenter'ica. The tree which afTords the Codaga'- 
 pala Bark, Cones'ai cortex, Tilliclter'ry cortex, 
 Cortex proflu'vii. Family, Apocyneae. Sex. Syst. 
 PentandriaMonogynia. {Y.)Codagapale,Orop<de. 
 The bark of this Malabar tree is of a black colour, 
 externally, and is generally covered with a white 
 moss or scurf. It has an austere, bitter taste, and 
 has been recommended as an astringent in diarr- 
 hoea, dysentery, <fec. 
 
 Ne'rium Olean'der, Ne'rium, Rhododaph'niat 
 Rosa'go, (F.) Laurier rose. The leaves are re- 
 puted to be narcotic. The infusion is employed 
 internally, in herpetic affections, and the powder, 
 incorporated with lard, is used in the itch. 
 
 NERONIA'NA (PHLEBOTOM'IA.) An epi- 
 thet given, for some cause, to phlebotomy, when 
 more than one vein was opened on the same day. 
 
 NERPRUN PURGATIF, Rhamnus. 
 
 NERVE, Nervus, Neuron, vtvpov, ' a string.' 
 (F.) Nerf. Neuron and Nervus meant also, with 
 the ancients, the tendons and ligaments. Partes 
 nervo'sce ; and hence the different acceptations of 
 ' nervous ;' — a man of nerve — a strong, nervous 
 man ; and a weak, nei-voua woman. The nerves 
 are tubular cords of the same substance as that 
 which composes the encephalon and spinal mar- 
 row. They extend from one or other of the ner- 
 vous centres to every part of the body, commu- 
 nicating, frequently, with each other ; forming 
 plexuses, and, occasionally, ganglions ; and being, 
 at length, lost in the parenchyma of organs. 
 There are 42 pairs, and, according to their origin, 
 they are termed Cranial or Encephalic, and Spi- 
 nal. Each nerve is composed of several filaments 
 or cords placed alongside each other, and is sur- 
 rounded by a neurilemma. The encephalic 
 nerves, in general, have only one root in the 
 brain, whilst the spinal arise from the marrow by 
 two roots: the one from an anterior fasciculus of 
 filaments, the other from a posterior, separated 
 from each other by the Ligamentum denticulatum; 
 uniting outside this ligament, and presenting, near 
 the intervertebral foramen, a ganglion formed 
 only by the posterior root. The two roots make, 
 afterwards, but one nerve ; and, like the encepha- 
 lic nerves, proceed to their destination, subdi- 
 viding into rami and ramusculi, until they are 
 finally lost in in the texture of the organs. The 
 trunks first formed are commonly round, and 
 proceed alone, or accompany the great vessels, 
 being placed in the areolar spaces which separate 
 the organs, and are thus protected from injury. 
 Their manner of termination we are not acquainted 
 with; whether the nervous pulp, for instance, be 
 distributed or lost in a membrane, as seems to be 
 the case with the nerves of sight, hearing, and 
 smell, — or are looped. Certain it is, that there 
 is considerable difference in the organs, as re- 
 spects the quantity of nerves that terminate in 
 them ; and the particular arrangement of the ner- 
 vous extremities. Some organs have numerous 
 nerves ; others seem to have none : a circumstance 
 which influences considerably the sensibility of 
 parts. 
 
 The Encephalic Nerves arise from the ence- 
 phalon, or are inserted into it ; (according as we 
 consider the brain the origin or termination of the 
 nerves;) and make their exit by foramina at the 
 base of the skull. They are 12 in numlier. The 
 spinal nerves are 30 in number, 8 cervical, 12 
 doraal, 5 lumbar, and 5 or 6 aacral : the four in- 
 ferior cervical being much larger than the supe- 
 rior, because they furmsh the nerves of the upper 
 extremities. 
 
NERVES 593 
 
 SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF 
 
 NERVES 
 THE NERVES. 
 
 L Cranial or Encephalic N'erves. 
 
 Olfactory . . . 
 (1st pair.) 
 
 Optie 
 
 (2d pair.) 
 
 Divided into internal, exter- 
 I nal, and middle brandies, 
 whicli are distributed on the 
 ' Schneiderian membrane. 
 
 Terminate in the retina. 
 
 3. Motorcs Oculorum 
 (3d pair.) 
 
 5. } ar Trigeminum 
 i_5th pair.) 
 
 ' Superior Branch. To the rectus 
 superior oculi and levator 
 palpebrre superioris. 
 Inferior Branch. TolhereC'JS 
 
 > internus. rectus inferior and 
 lesser oblique nuigcles ; a 
 
 ! filament which goes to the 
 
 1, ophthalmic ganglion. 
 
 Pathetici J To the greater oblique muscle 
 
 (4th pair.) / of the eye. 
 
 f Ophthalmic Branch. Divided 
 into three branches. 1. The 
 lachnjmal branch, to the la- 
 chrymal gland and upper 
 eye-lid. 2. Frontal branch, 
 to the forehead and upper 
 eyelid. 3. J^asal branch, to 
 the eyelids, nasal fossse, and 
 nose. 
 Superior Mnxillary Branch 
 1. The orbil.ar branch, to the 
 orbit. 2. The posterior and 
 superior dental, to the last 
 three molar teeth and gums. 
 3. The anterior dental, to 
 the incisor, canine, and two 
 lesser molares. 4. Infra- 
 orbitar, to the upper lip, 
 cheek, and nose. 
 Inferior MniiUary Branoh. 1. 
 Jfempora/ profound branches, 
 to the temporal muscle. 2. 
 Masaeterine branch, to the 
 masseter muscle. 3. Buccal. 
 to the inner surface of the 
 cheek. 4. Pterygoid, to the 
 internal pterygoid muscle. 
 
 5. Lingual, to' the mucous 
 membrane of the tongue. 
 
 6. Inferior dental, to the 
 teeth of the lower jaw, and 
 to the lower lip. 7. Auri- 
 cular branch, to the pavilion 
 of the ear and forehead. 
 
 Abducentes . 
 (Gth pair.) 
 
 7. Facial 
 
 (Portio dura of the-; 
 7th pair.) 
 
 8. Auditory 
 
 (Portio mollis of the 
 
 7th pair.) 
 
 9. Glosso-pharyngeal. 
 (Portion of the 8th 
 
 pair.) 
 
 10. Far Vagum. 
 (8th pair.) 
 
 11. Spinal or Acces- 
 sory o/ Willis 
 
 Hypoglossal. 
 (9th pair.) 
 
 [ To the rectus eslernus oculi. 
 
 fl. At its exit from the cra- 
 nium, the posterior auricu- 
 lar, stylohyoid, and infra- 
 rnasloid. to the pavilion of 
 the ear, the mastoid process, 
 the digaslricus. and the mus- 
 cles attached to the styloid 
 process. 
 2. Near the parotid gland, the 
 temporal, m-ilar, buccal, su- 
 pra-maxillary, and ivfra- 
 maxillary to the whole su- 
 perficies of the face. 
 
 To the vestibule, semi circular 
 canals, and cochlea. 
 
 To the base of the tongue and 
 pharynx. 
 
 fl. /JV THE A''ECK, — Si pha- 
 ryngeal branch to the pha- 
 rynx; superior laryngeal 
 branch to the larynx, and tc 
 some muscles of the infe- 
 rior hyoid region. Cardiac 
 branches to the cardiac 
 plexus. 
 2. /JV THE CHEST.— the in- 
 .{ ferior laryngea I brancli to the 
 I larynx :pK/mo7ia7-!/ branches. 
 I which form the plexus of 
 I the same name: (Esophageal 
 I branches to the cesnphasus. 
 I 3. /JV THE ABDOMEJ\r, — 
 I gastric branches to the pa- 
 rietes of the stomach: fila- 
 I ments whichgo to■theneigh- 
 ^_ bouring plexuses. 
 I At its exit from the cranium — 
 I the accessory of the pneumo- 
 j gastric nerve anastomosing 
 I with this nerve. In the 
 I neck— filaments to the tras- 
 l, pezius muscles, 
 f Cervicalis descendens, to the 
 I muscles of the inferior hyoid 
 -^ region, and to the cervical 
 I nerves. Filaments to the 
 1. muscles of the tongue. 
 
 II. Spinal or Vertebral Nerves. 
 
 I. Cervical Nerves.- 
 
 {st Cervical Pair. . 
 
 Id Cervical Pair- 
 
 ed and 4th Cervical 
 Pairs. 
 
 Anterior Branch. Anastomo- 
 sing par arcade with the I 
 second pair. 
 Anterior Branch. A branch! 
 anastomosing with the first' 
 pair: a branch which goesj 
 to the cervical plexus. | 
 
 Anterior Branch. Concurring! 
 \ in the cervical plexus. | 
 
 The Posterior Branch of these four pairs ramifies on| 
 the occiput and muscles of the superficial and deep- 
 sealed cervico-occipital regions. 
 
 f Descending Branches. — 1. 
 Internal descending, anas- 
 tomosing with a branch of' 
 the hypoglossus. 2. Phrenic 
 branch, to the diaphragm. 
 3. Es.ternal descending bran- 
 ches, dividing into supra- 
 clavicular, supra-acromial, 
 infraclavicular, and cervi- 
 cales profundi, to the mus- 
 cles and intesuments of the 
 Cervical PUrno <? upper part of the chest and 
 
 i^ervical j-lexu3 <; shoulder, to the trapezius, 
 
 levator scapuls, rhomboid- 
 eus, See. 
 Ascending Branches. — 1. 
 Mastoid, to the posterior 
 and lateral part of the head 
 and the inner surface of the 
 pavilion of the ear. 2. A^i- 
 ricular, to the parotid gland 
 and pavilion of the ear. 
 Superficial Cervical Branches. 
 (2.) To the platysina myoi- 
 
 Cervical Plexus. 
 
 5th. Gth, and 7th Cer- 
 vical Pairs. 
 
 Brachial Plexus 
 
 des, digs tricus, the integu- 
 ments of the netk, &:c. 
 
 Anterior Branches. Assisting 
 in the formation .if the bra- 
 chial plexu?. 
 
 Posterior Branches To the 
 muscles and inleguhienls of 
 the posterior part of the 
 neck and upper part of the 
 back. 
 
 1. Thoracic Branches, (2; 
 the anterior and laterjl 
 parts of the chest. 2. Supra 
 scapulnry branch to the nms 
 cles of the posterior scapular 
 region. 3. Infra-scapulary 
 branches (3.) to the subsca- 
 pularis, teres major, teres 
 minor, and latissimus dorsi. 
 4. The brachial interna cu- 
 taneous, to the integuments 
 of the palmar and dorsal 
 surfaces of the forearm, near 
 the ulnar margin. 5. The 
 brachial external cutaneous, 
 principally to the integu- 
 ments of the palmar and 
 dorsal surfaces of the fore- 
 arm, near the radial margin. 
 
 6. The median nerve, to the | 
 forearm, hand, and palmar I 
 surface of all the fingers.; 
 
 7. The cubital nerve, to the' 
 last two fingers. 8. The 
 radial, to the first three, j 
 9. The axillary, around the 
 shoulder-joint, and to the! 
 neighbouring muscles. J 
 
 38 
 
NERVES 
 
 594 
 
 NERVES 
 
 II. Spinal or Vertebral Nerves. — Continued. 
 2. Dorsal Nerves, (Nervi dorsales.) { 
 
 To the bra- 
 
 Ist Dorsal Pair. 
 
 2d and 3d Dorsal 
 Pairs. 
 
 ith, 5tk, eth. and 7th 
 Dorsal Pairs 
 
 I 
 
 6th. Sth, lOth, and! 
 lUA Dorsal Fairs.] 
 
 L 
 
 ( .interior Branch, 
 
 I chial plexus. 
 
 { Jlnterior Branches. An inter- 
 
 \ costal and brachial branch. 
 
 (Anterior Branches Internal 
 
 I branches, to the intercostal?, 
 triangularis sterni, pecto- 
 ralis major, and to the skin. 
 { External branches to the 
 integuments of the chest, the 
 I obliquus externus abdomi- 
 nis, and the skin of the ab 
 domen. 
 {Anterior Braiiches. Internal 
 I branches, to the transver- 
 I salis, obliquus internus, and 
 rectus muscles, and to the 
 skin of the abdomen. Ex- 
 ternal branches, to the in- 
 teguments of the chest, and 
 to the muscles and skin of 
 the abdomen, 
 f Anterior Branch. To the first 
 1 lumbar nerve, and to the 
 ■{ muscles and skin of the ab 
 I domen as far as the iliac 
 l_ crest. 
 The Posterior Branches of the dorsal nerves are dis- 
 tributed to the muscles and integuments of the 
 back and loins. 
 
 3. Lumhar Nerves. 
 
 Anterior Branches. Concur- 
 ring to form the lumbar 
 plexus. 
 Anterior Branch. Aiding in 
 forming the sciatic plexus. 
 The Posterior Branches of the lumbar nerves are 
 distributed to tlie loins, sacrum, and nates. 
 
 f 1. Jilusculo-cutan eons Branches, 
 I to the number of three. One 
 I superior, to the muscles of 
 the abdomen, to the fold of 
 the groin, and the scrotum: 
 a middle, to the integuments 
 and muscles of the abdomen : 
 
 12ih Dorsal Pair 
 
 1st, 2rf, 2d, and 4tk 
 Lumbar Pairs .... 
 
 3th Pair. 
 
 Lumbar Plexus 
 
 ■< 
 
 I 
 
 Lumhar Plexus 
 
 I 
 
 and an inferior, to the skin 
 of the thigh. 2. A genilo- 
 crural branch to the integu- 
 ments of the scrotum, the 
 groin, and the thigh. 3. The 
 crnrnl \\cr\e, to the integu- 
 ments and muscles of the 
 thigh, skin of the leg, an«l 
 foot. 4. 'I'lie obturator T\ex\e, 
 to the muscles at the inner 
 part of the thigh. 5. The 
 lumbo-sacral, to the sciatic 
 plexus. It gives nfl" the "■/(/- 
 teal nerve to the gluta?i 
 muscles. 
 
 Sacral Nerves. 
 
 1st, Zd, "id, and Ath., 
 Sacral Pairs 
 
 5/74 and Gth Pairs . 
 
 Anterior Branches. They form 
 
 by their union the sciatic 
 
 plexus. 
 
 Anterior Branches. To the 
 
 j)arts in the vicinity of the 
 
 ( coccyx. 
 The Posterior Branches ramify on the muscles and 
 integuments of the nates. 
 
 1. Hemorrhoidal nerves, to tlie 
 rectum. 2. Vesical, to the 
 bladder. 3. Uterine and va- 
 ginal, to the vagina and 
 uterus. 4. Inferior gliitenl, 
 to the gluteal nniscles, peri 
 nreum, and integuments of 
 the posterior part of the 
 thigh. 5. Pudic, to the pc- 
 riiiffiuui, penis, or vulva, G. 
 Sciatic, divided into the er- 
 tertial poplittral, which rami- 
 fies on the integuments and 
 
 I muscles of the external side 
 
 I of the leg, on the dorsum of 
 
 I the foot, and the dorsal sur- 
 face of the toes; and into 
 
 I the internal popliteal, distri- 
 buted on the dorsal surface 
 
 I of the two last toes, to the 
 muscles of the font, and on 
 
 I the plantar surface of ali 
 
 (^ the toes. 
 
 Sciatic Plexus { 
 
 Classifications of the nerves have heen reeom- 
 wended according to their uses, in preference to 
 the ordinary anatomical arrangement. It has 
 been remarked that the encephalic nerves have 
 generally one root; the spinal two. Now, ex- 
 periments and pathological facts have proved, 
 that the anterior fasciculus of the narrow and the 
 anterior roots of the spinal nerves are inservient 
 to volition or voluntary motion : and that the 
 posterior faseicultts and roots are destined for 
 sensibility. Hence the spinal nerves, which have 
 two roots, must be the conductors both of motion 
 a.nd feeling; whilst the encephalic, which, with 
 but few exceptions, have but one, can possess but 
 one of these properties : — they must be either sen- 
 sitive or motive, according as they arise from the 
 posterior or anterior fasciculus of the medulla : 
 and, consequently, three classes of nerves may be 
 distinguished. 
 
 f Arising, by a single root, 
 _ „ J from the posterior fascicu- 
 
 1. iiensori/ j j^^ ^j. ^^^ medulla oblon- 
 
 [ gata or spinal marrow, 
 f Arising, by a single root, 
 
 2. Motor \ from the anterior fascicu- 
 
 ( lus of the same parts, 
 r Which have two roots : one 
 5, Sensory and \ from the anterior, and one 
 
 Motor ] from the posterior fascicu- 
 
 [ lus. 
 
 According to Sir Charles Bell, the medulla ob- 
 
 longata is composed of three fasciculi on each 
 side ; an anterior, a middle, and a posterior. 
 Whilst the anterior and posterior fasciculi pro- 
 duce the nerves of motion and sensation respec- 
 tively ; the middle, according to Sir Charles, 
 gives rise to a third set of nerves — the respira- 
 tory. To this order belong : — 
 
 1. The accessory nerve of Willis, or superior 
 
 respiratory. 
 
 2. The par vagum. 
 
 3. The glosso-pharj'ngcal. 
 
 4. The facial or respiratory of the face. 
 
 5. The phrenic. 
 
 6. A nerve which has the same origin as the 
 
 phrenic ; — the external resjyiratory. 
 
 When a horse has been hard-ridden, every one 
 of these nerves is in action. 
 
 This division is now, however, generally aban- 
 doned, and there does not seem to be a third 
 column, especially destined for respiration. 
 
 Sir C. Bell, again, has reduced the system of 
 nerves to two great classes. 1. Those that ore 
 regular, primitive, symmetrical, and common to 
 all animals, from the worm to man; which have 
 double roots, and preside over sensibility and 
 motion : and, 2. The irrccfular or superadded, 
 which are added to the preceding, in proportion 
 as the organization of nnimuls otfers new or more 
 comjilicated organs. To the first class belong all 
 the spinal nerves and one enctphalic — tht 5th 
 
 i 
 
NERVES 
 
 595 
 
 NERVES 
 
 pair; — to the second, the rest of the nervous 
 system. 
 
 Dr. Marshall Hall has proposed a division of 
 the nervous system, which is calculated to ex- 
 plain many of the anomalous circumstances we 
 so frequently witness. He proposes to divide all 
 the nerves into, 1. The cerebral or the sentient 
 and voluntary. 2. The h-«e s^jjjm? or excito-mo- 
 tory. 3. The ganglionic or cyclo-ganglionic, — 
 the nutrient and secretory. If the sentient and 
 voluntary functions be destroyed by a blow upon 
 the head, the sphincter muscles will still contract 
 when irritated, because the irritation is conveyed 
 to the spine, and the reflex action takes place to 
 the muscle so as to throw it into contraction. But 
 if the spinal marrow be now destroyed, the 
 spl;incters remain entirely motionless, because 
 the centre of the system is destroyed. Dr. Hall 
 thinks that a peculiar set of nerves constitutes, 
 with the true spinal marrow as their axis, the 
 second subdivision of the nervous system ; and 
 as those of the first subdivision are distinguished 
 into sentient and voluntary, these may be distin- 
 guished into the excitor and motory. Ihs first, 
 or the excitor nerves, pursue their course princi- 
 pally from internal surfaces, characterized by pe- 
 culiar exeitabilities, to the true medulla oblongata 
 and medulla spinalis ; the second, or the motor 
 nerves, pursue a reflex course from the medulla, 
 to the muscles, having peculiar actions concerned 
 
 principally in ingestion and egestion. The mo- 
 tions connected with the first or cerebral subdi- 
 vision are sometimes, indeed frequently, sponta- 
 neous ; those connected with the true spinal are, 
 he believes, ahoays excited. Dr. Hall thinks, too, 
 that there is good reason for viewing the fifth, 
 and posterior spinal nei-ves as constituting an 
 external ganglionic system for the nutrition of 
 the external organs; and he proposes to divide 
 the ganglionic subdivision of the nervous system 
 into, 1. The internal ganglionic, which includes 
 that usually denominated the sympathetic, and 
 probably filaments of the pneumogastric; and, 
 2. The external ganglionic, embracing the fifth 
 and posterior spinal nerves. To the cerebral sys- 
 tem he assigns all diseases of sensation, percep- 
 tion, judgment, and volition — therefore all pain- 
 ful, mental, and comatose, and some paralytic 
 diseases. To the true sjnnal, excito-motory, 
 reflex, or diastaltic nervous system, belong all 
 spasmodic and certain paralytic diseases. He 
 properly adds, that these two parts of the ner- 
 vous system influence each other both in health 
 and disease, as they both influence the ganglio- 
 nic system. 
 
 The main views of Dr. Hall on the excito-mo- 
 tory function have been generally embraced. 
 
 The following tabular view of the arrangement 
 and connexions of the nerves and nervous centres 
 is given by Dr. Carpenter. 
 
 Tabular View ov the Nervous Centres. 
 
 f Cerebral Ganglia, ") 
 
 Afferent fibres derived | the seat of the formation of Ideas, and the instrument | Afferent fibres derived 
 from Sensory Ganglia; ef- J of the Reasoning processes and Will; participating also I from Sensory Ganglia; ef- 
 ferent fibres transmitted ) with the Sensory Ganglia in the formation of theEmo- | ferent fibres transmitted 
 to fnotor centres. tions; and thus the original source of Voluntary and. to motor centres. 
 
 I, Emotional movements. J 
 
 Afferent fibres derived "| f Afferent fibres derived 
 
 from posterior column of | Cerebellic Ga-nglia, j from posterior column of 
 
 spinal cord; efferent fibres )> for harmonization of muscular actions; including also ■( spinal cord; efferent fibres 
 transmitted into posterior the ganglionic centre of the sexual sense (?). | transmitted into motor 
 
 column. J (_ column. 
 
 Radiating fibres to Cere- 
 bral Ganglia: — Nerves of 
 
 Cranio-Spinal Axis, 
 
 or centre of 
 
 Automatic actions ; 
 
 including — 
 
 Sensory Ganglia, 
 
 f Radiating fibres to Cere- 
 I bral Ganglia; — Nerves of 
 
 Common and Special Sen- ! the seat of Sensation, and centre of Cmiscnstial (or In- ! Common and Special Sen- 
 sation ; — 3Iotor nerves { stinctive) movements, or of Automatic actions involving ) sation ; — Motor nerves 
 forming part of general sensation. | forming part of general 
 
 motor system. J (_ motor system. 
 
 Afferent 
 
 and motor 
 
 nerves of 
 
 Respiration, 
 
 Deglutition, &fl. 
 
 Aflferent 
 and motor 
 
 fibres, forming 
 Trunks of 
 
 Spinal Nerves. 
 
 
 r p gs 
 
 RESPIRATORr 
 
 «'2=4 
 
 
 Baa- 
 
 r/3 P ci 
 
 and 
 Stomato-Gasirio 
 
 O o ^ 
 
 Afferent 
 
 
 Ganglia, 
 
 and motor 
 
 forming the true 
 
 
 nerves of ^ 
 Respiration, 
 
 •3 cog 
 
 centres of the 
 Medulla Oblongata ; 
 
 
 Deglutition, &c. 
 
 instruments of Bcflex 
 
 2 fcD S? 
 
 
 movements or automa- 
 
 g.2S 
 
 
 i-9B 
 
 tic actions independent of 
 
 
 
 
 sensation. 
 
 E fl °* 
 
 
 Spinal 
 Ganglion, or 
 
 innect- 
 ;ments 
 d with 
 a and 
 
 
 2 E.S 2 
 
 True Spinal Cord, 
 
 Afferent 
 
 ^^|s" 
 
 consisting of a 
 
 " g rt d 
 
 and motor 
 
 fibres, forming 
 
 Trunks of 
 
 Cl " n :x 
 
 coalesced series of 
 
 segmental ganglia, 
 
 the instru- 
 
 
 Spinal Nerves. 
 
 ^ ^ o n 
 
 ments of Reflex 
 operations, or Au- 
 
 
 
 c g B 
 
 tomatic actions in- 
 
 %'°^%'s. 
 
 
 
 dependent of Sensa- 
 
 ^tc5-3| 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 S.3^SiS 
 
NERVES 
 
 NERVUS 
 
 The nerves are covered and united to the 
 neighbouring parts by an abundant layer of fatty 
 areolar texture, which sends, inwards, prolonga- 
 tions that separate the nervous cords and fila- 
 ments from each other. The arterial trunks, 
 which furnish them, transmit branches into their 
 interior. The veins follow the same course as 
 the arteries. Absorbents are not easily traced 
 even on the greatest trunks. 
 
 Nerve, Accessory, op Willis, Spinal nerve 
 — n. Articular, Axillary nerve — n. Buccinator, 
 Buccal nerve — n. Cells, see Neuriue — n. Femoral 
 cutaneous, see Genito-crural nerve — n. Femoro- 
 popliteal, lesser, Sciatic nerve, lesser. 
 
 Nerve Fibres, Fila ner'vea, Tu'hxdi ner'vei, 
 FihrcB ^er'vece. The minute fibrils or tubules, 
 full of jervous matter, that constitute the nerves. 
 Thero is a difference between the central and pe- 
 ripho al portion : — the former has been called the 
 axis '.ylinder and primitive band ; the latter, the 
 med\Uary or white substance of Schwann, — being 
 that to which the peculiarly white aspect of ce- 
 tebrospinal nerves is principally due. 
 
 l^ERVE, Genital, see Genito-crural nerve — n. 
 <lenito-crural, see Genito-crural nerve — n. Glu- 
 teal of the Sacra} ^-loxus. Sciatic nerve, lesser — 
 Al. Gustatory, Hy^^j^lossal nerve — n. Inguinal, 
 Snternal, Genito-c-unl nerve — n. of Jacobson, 
 see Petrosal gang,\ivTi. — n. Lateral nasal. Spheno- 
 palatine nerve — a. I'ngual, Hypoglossal nerve — 
 n. Naso-ocularia, J^^^&dl nerve — n. Naso-palpe- 
 bral, Nasal nerve — n. Orbito-frontal, Ophthalmic 
 nerve — n. Ocular, Optic nerve — n. of Organic 
 life, Trisplanchnic Lcrve — n. Palpebro-frontal, 
 Frontal nerve — n. Popliteal internal. Tibial 
 nerve, posterior — n. Power, Nervous power — n. 
 Respiratory, of the faae, Facial nerve — n. Respi- 
 k-atory, superior, Spiual nerve — n. Scapulo-hu- 
 laeral. Axillary nervo — n. Scrotal, see Genito- 
 crural nerve — n. Spiral, Radial nerve — n. Spiral, 
 muscular. Radial nervij — n. Sub-occipital, Occi- 
 pital nerve— n. Sub-pi bian, Genito-crural nerve 
 — u. Superficial tempeial, Auricular nerve — n. 
 Sympathetic, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. Temporal 
 cutaneous. Auricular n jrve — n. Ulnar, Cubital 
 nerve — n. Vidian, Pterygoid nerve — n. of Wris- 
 berg, see Cutaneous nt;ves — n, Zygomato-auri- 
 cular, Auricular nerve. 
 
 NERVES, COSTAL, Intercostal nerves — n. 
 Porsal, Intercostal nerves — n. Eighth pair of, 
 Pneumogastric — n. Encephalic, first pair, Olfac- 
 tory nerves — n. Encephalic, eleventh pair. Spinal 
 nerves— n. Ethmoidal, Olfiitctory nerves — n. Fifth 
 pair, Trigemini — n. Fou,:th pair of, Patheticus 
 iiervus — n. Infra-orbitar, Sub-orbitar nerves — n. 
 Ninth pair of. Hypoglossal nerve — n. Oculo-mus- 
 cular, common, Motores o(ulorum — n. Phrenic, 
 Diaphragmatic nerves — n. 3lecurrent, Laryngeal 
 inferior nerves — n. Sixth piir of. Motor oculi ex- 
 ternus — n. Spinal, Vertebi \l nerves — n. Tenth 
 pair of, Pneumogastric — n. Third pair of, Moto- 
 res oculorum. 
 
 NERVI ACROMIALES, Acromial nerves — 
 n. Anonymi, Innominati ner^i — n. Claviculares, 
 Clavicular nerves — n. Cutanei clunium inferiores, 
 see Sciatic nerve, lesser — n. Divisi, Trigemini — 
 n. Entobsenontes, Afferent neives — n. Gustatorii, 
 Trigemini. 
 
 Nervi Molles. ' Soft nerves.' The anterior 
 branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the 
 great sympathetic, which accoupany the carotid 
 artery and its branches, around which they form 
 intricate plexuses, and, here and there, small 
 ganglia. They are called molles from their soft- 
 ness, and aubru'fi, from their reddish hue. 
 
 Nervi Odokatorii, Olfactory nerves — n. Re- 
 Tersivi, Laryngeal inferior nerves — n. Subrufi, 
 Nervi molles — n. Vulneratio, Neurotrosis. 
 
 NERVINE, JN'ervi'mw, Neurot'ic, Keurit'ic, 
 Antineuratic, Antineuropath' ic. A medicine 
 which acts on the nervous system. 
 
 NERVOUS, Nervo'sns, Neuro'des, Ner'veus, 
 Neu'ricus. Relating or belonging to the nerves. 
 Strong. Also, weak, irritable. 
 
 Nervous Attack, (F.) Attaque des nerfs, is an 
 affection accompanied with spasm, pain, and dif- 
 ferent nervous symptoms, to which impressible 
 individuals are liable. 
 
 Nervous Centres, see Centres, nervous. 
 Nervous Diath'esis is teimediAtax'ia spiri- 
 timm, Anoma'lia nervo' I'um, Status nervo'sus, & 
 erethit'icHs, Diath'esis nervo'sa, Constitu'tio ner- 
 vo'sa, Nervousness. Medically, nervonsness means 
 unusvial impressibility of the nervous system. 
 Formerly, it signified strength, force, and vigour. 
 Recently, it has been applied to a hypochondri- 
 acal condition verging upon insanity, occasion- 
 ally occurring in those in whom the brain has 
 been unduly tasked; — a condition termed by some 
 cerebrop' athy ; by others, brain-fag. 
 
 Nervous Diseases, Morbi nervo' si, (F.) 3Ia- 
 ladies nerveuses. Affections seated in the ner- 
 vous system. To purely functional disease of 
 the nerves. Dr. Laycock has given the name 
 neurcB'mia, and to the class of diseases he applies 
 the epithet neura'mic. 
 
 Nervous Fluid, Nervous principle, Flu'idum 
 ner'veum, Liq'uidum nervevm, Succiis nerveus, 
 Sjiir'itus vita'lis. The fluid which is supposed 
 to circulate through the nerves, and which has 
 been regarded as the agent of sensation and mo- 
 tion. Of this fluid we know nothing, except that 
 it resembles, in many respects, the electric or 
 galvanic. It was formerly called Animal spirits, 
 Sj>ir'itiis aniyna'les, (F.) Esprits animaux. 
 Nervous Pain, Neuralgia. 
 Nervous Power, Nerve power, Yis nervo'sa 
 sen nervo'rum, Neurodyna'mia, Neurody'namis. 
 The power of the nerves as exhibited in the liv- 
 ing organism. 
 
 Nervous Principle, N. fluid. 
 Nervous System. The nerves of the human 
 body considered collectively. See Nerves. 
 
 Nervous System op the Automatic Func- 
 tions, Trisplanchnio nerve — n. System, gangli- 
 onic, see Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System, or- 
 ganic, see Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System of the 
 senses. Medulla oblongata — n. System of volun- 
 tary motion, &c., Medulla spinalis. 
 NERVOUSNESS, Nervous diathesis. 
 NERVUS, see Nerve, Penis — n. Ambnlatorius, 
 Pneumogastric nerve — n. Anonymug, Tngemini 
 n. Caroticus, Carotid nerve — n. Cervico-facialis, 
 Cervico- facial nerve — n. Commcnicans faciei, 
 Facial nerve — n. Cutaneus internus, see Saphe- 
 nous nerves — n. Cutaneus inttmus longus, see 
 Saphenous nerves — n. Decimus, Pneumogastric — ■ 
 n. Genito-cruralis, Cenito-crural nerve. 
 
 Nervus Impar. a prolongation of the neuri- 
 lemma below the lower eztremity of the spinal 
 cord, as a fibrous filament, which is inserted into 
 the base of the coccyx. It was formerly regarded 
 as a nerve : — hence its name. 
 
 Nervus Incisivus, Incisive nerve — n. Inno- 
 minatus Trigemini — n. Ischiadicus, Sciatic nerve 
 — n. Juvenilis, menis — n. Latus, Achillis tendo — 
 n. Lingualis lateralis, Pharyngo-glossal nerve — 
 n. Lingualis Pedius, Hypoglossal nerve — n 
 Lumbo-inguinalis, Genito-crural nerve — n. Mix. 
 tus, Trigemini — n. Musculi pterygoidei, Ptery- 
 goid nerve — n. Naso-ciliaris, Nasal nerve — n 
 Opticus, Optic nerve — n. Pneumogastricus, Pneu- 
 mogastric — n. Pudendus extcrnus, see Genito- 
 crural nerve — n. Quintus, Trigemini — n. Sperma- 
 ticus, see Genito-crural nerve — n. Subcutaneus 
 
NESTIA 
 
 597 
 
 NEURALGIA 
 
 malas, Orbitar nerve — n. Sympatheticus medius, 
 Trigemini, Pnoiimogastric ■ — n. Sympatheticus 
 minor, Facial nerve — n. Sympathieiis medius, 
 Trigemini — n. Temporo-facialis, Temporo-faeial 
 nerve — n. Timidus, Motor oculi externus — n. Tre- 
 mellus, Trigemini — n. Troehlearis, Patheticus 
 nervus — n. Vagus cum aceessorio, Spinal nerve. 
 
 NESTIA, Jejunum. 
 
 NESTIATRIA, Limotherapeia. 
 
 NESTIS, Jejunum. 
 
 NESTITHERAPEIA, Limotherapeia. 
 
 NESTOTHERAPEIA, Limotherapeia. 
 
 NESTROOT, Monotropa uniflora. 
 
 NETLEAP, Goodyera pubeseens. 
 
 NETTLE, ARCHANGEL, WHITE, Lamium 
 album — n. Dead, Lamium album, L. amplexi- 
 caule — n. Dwarf, Urtica urens — n. Hedge, Gale- 
 opsis — n. Pill-bearing, Urticaria pilulifera — n. 
 Rash, Urticaria — n. Stinging, common, Urtica. 
 
 NETWORT, Goodyera pubeseens. 
 
 NEURADYNAMIA, Neurasthenia. 
 
 NEUR^MIA, see Nervous diseases. 
 
 NEUR^MIC, see Nervous diseases. 
 
 NEURAL; from vcvpov, 'a. nerve.' Relating 
 to a nerve or to the nervous system. 
 
 Neural Arch. The arch formed by the pos- 
 terior projections connected with the body of the 
 vertebra, which protect the medulla. 
 
 Neural Axis, see Encephalon — n. Spines, 
 Spinous processes. 
 
 NEURAL'GIA, from vevpov, 'a, nerve,' and 
 aXyoff, 'pain.' Bheumatis'mus spu'rius nervo'sus, 
 Neurodyn'ia, (F.) Nevralgie, Nevrodynie, Ner- 
 vmis 2}ain. A generic name for a certain number 
 of diseases, the chief symptom of which is a very 
 acute pain, exacerbating or intermitting, which 
 follows the course of a nervous branch, extends 
 to its ramifications, and seems, therefore, to be 
 seated in the nerve. The principal neuralgias 
 have been distinguished by the names facial (of 
 ■which the itifra-orhitar, maxillary, and frontal 
 are but divisions) — the ilio-scrotal, femoro-po'pli- 
 teal, femoro-pretibial, jjlantar, and cubito-digital. 
 A division of anomalous neuralgiaj has Ukewise 
 been admitted. 
 
 All varieties of neuralgia are obstinate, and the 
 greatest diversity of means has been made use 
 of: — bleeding, general and local, — emetics, pur- 
 gatives, rubefacients, vesicants, actual cautery, 
 narcotics, mercurial frictions, electricity ; de- 
 struction of a portion of the nerve, &c. The 
 most successful remedy, perhaps, is the carbo- 
 nate of iron, given in doses of some magnitude ; 
 as, for instance, ^ss or ^ij, twice or thrice a day, 
 in molasses. This plan of treatment, continued 
 for a month or two, will generally relieve, and 
 ultimately remove this much dreaded affection. 
 The mode in which it acts is by no moans clear ; 
 but it is almost as certain as any other remedy 
 used in disease in producing its salutary effects. 
 The bowels must be kept free ; and all inflam- 
 matory symptoms removed during its adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Neural'gia, Anom'alous. Under this name 
 Chaussier has included different neuroses, some 
 of which are characterized by acute pains circum- 
 scribed within a short compass, or extending by 
 irradiations, but not having their seat in the 
 course of a nerve ; and others which are occa- 
 sioned by tumours in the course of a nerve, or 
 which succeed contusions or incomplete divisions 
 of nerves. 
 
 Neuralgia Brachialis, Brachialgia — n. Bra- 
 chio-thoracica. Angina pectoris — n. Cruralis, N. 
 femoro-tibialis. 
 
 Neuralgia Cu'bito-digitalis, Is'chias ner- 
 vo'sa digita'lis. In this variety the pain extends 
 
 from the part where the nerve passes under the 
 inner condyle to the back of the hand and to its 
 cubital edge. 
 
 Neuralgia Dentalis, Odontalgia nervosa. 
 
 Neuralgia, Fa'cial, Neuralgia fa'ciei, Tris- 
 mus maxilla'ris, T. JJolorificus, Opsial'gia, Do- 
 lor crii'cians faciei, Hemicra'nia idiopath'ica, 
 Autal'gia doloro'sa. Tic douloureux. Dolor faciei. 
 Dolor faciei typ'ico charade' re, D. F. Fothergilli, 
 Trismus clon'icus, T. dolorif'icus, Eheumatisi'inus 
 cancro' BUS, Ithematis'mua larva'tus, Prosopjnl'gid, 
 Prosopodyn'ia, Dolor faciei period'icus, Febris 
 top'ica, Ophthalmodyn'ia period'ica, Tortu'ra 
 Oris, Affectus spasmodico-convulsi'vus Labio'rum, 
 is characterized by acute lancinating pains, re- 
 turning at intervals ; and by twinges in certain 
 parts of the face, producing convulsive twitches 
 in the corresponding muscles. It may be seated 
 in the frontal nerve, in the infra-orbitar, or in the 
 maxillary branch of the fifth pair. 
 
 Iletojwdyn'ia, Broio-o.gue, Neural'gia fronta'- 
 lis, Ojihthabnodyn'ia, Tic douloureux. Dolor pe- 
 riod'icus, &c., commences at the superciliary fora- 
 men and extends along the ramifications of the 
 frontal nerve that are distributed on the forehead, 
 upper eyelid, caruncula lacrymalis, and nasal 
 angle of the eyelids. Sometimes it is felt parti- 
 cularly in the orbit. 
 
 Neuralgia infra-orhita'ria, Dolor faciei atrox, 
 Rheumatis'mvs cancro'sits, Trismus clon'icus, Pro- 
 sopal'gia, Febris top'ica, Odontal'gia remit'tens 
 et intermit' tens, Hemicra'nia sava, Lifra-orhitar 
 neuralgia. Tic douloureux, is chiefly felt in the 
 infra-orbitar foramen, whence it passes to the 
 cheek, upper lip, ala nasi, lower eyelid, &c. 
 
 In Neuralgia maxilla'ris, Gnaihal'gia, Gnatho- 
 neural'gia, Tic doidoureux. Trismus catarrha'lia 
 7naxillaris, the pain usually sets out from the 
 mental foramen and passes to the chin, lips, tem- 
 ple, teeth, and tongue. 
 
 Neuralgia, False. A term assigned to pains 
 along a nerve or its ramifications, produced by 
 some body compressing it, — those pains termina- 
 ting with the removal of the compressing cause. 
 
 Neuralgia Fem'oro-poplit^'a, Sciat'ica, 
 Schias, Ilalum ischiad'icum. Morbus ischiad'icus, 
 Passio ischiad'ica, Ischiagra, Ischialgia, Ischio'- 
 sis, Coxal'gia, Neural'gia Ischiadica, Dolor Is- 
 chiad'icus nervo'sus, Is'chias nervo'sa Cotuguii 
 vel Cotunnii, Neurisch'ias, Ischias nervo'sa pos- 
 ti'ca, Is'chias, Cox'agra, Ischias rheumat'icum, 
 Ischiat'ica, Ischoneural' gia, (F.) Sciatique, Goutte 
 sciatique. This is characterized by pain follow- 
 ing the great sciatic nerve from the ischiatic 
 notch to the ham, and along the peroneal surface 
 of the leg to the sole of the foot. 
 
 Neuralgia Fem'oro-pRjEtibia'lis, N. crural, 
 Ischias nervo'sa anti'ca, Scelal'gia anti'ca. In 
 this, the pain, setting out from the groin, spreads 
 along the fore part of the thigh, and passes down, 
 chiefly, on the inner side of the leg, to the inner 
 ankle and back of the foot. 
 
 Neuralgia of the Heart, Angina pectoris — 
 n. Hepatica, Hepatalgia. 
 
 Neuralgia Ilio-Scrotal has been rarely ob- 
 served. It is characterized by a very acute pain, 
 in the course of the branches of the first lumbar 
 pair ; this pain follows the crista ilii and accom- 
 panies the spermatic vessels to the testicle, which 
 is often painfully retracted. 
 
 Neuralgia, Lead, see Lead rheumatism — u, 
 Lienis, Splenalgia. 
 
 Neural'gia Mamm^, Ir'ritahle breast. An ex- 
 ceedingly painful affection of the female mamma, 
 unaccompanied by inflammation. 
 
 Neuralgia Planta'ris. This is rare; and 
 the pain is confined to the course of the plantar 
 nerves. 
 
NEURASTHENIA 
 
 59S 
 
 NE VBINE 
 
 ISTeuhalgia Renum, Nephralgia — b. Spinalis, 
 Spinal irritation — n. Testis, Orchidalgia. 
 
 NEURASTHENI'A, Neurachjna'mia, DehW- 
 itas vervo'sa. Debility or impaired activity of 
 the nerves ; from vtvpov, ' a nerve/ and aa&evua, 
 'debility.' — See Irritable. 
 
 NE URIC US, Nervous. 
 
 NEURILEMM'A, Neurile'ma, NeurUy'Tna, 
 Keu'rymen, Perineu'rion, Fis'tula seu Tu'bulus 
 seu Cajy'sula seu Involu'crum nervo'rum, 3Iem- 
 hra'na seu Membran'nla seu Tu'nica seu Indu- 
 men'tiim nervo'rum, Vagi'na nervo'rum; (F.) 
 Nivrilemme ; from rtv^ov, 'a nerve,' and \eniia, 
 ' a coat.' The fine transparent, and apparently 
 fibrous membrane that surrounds the nerves — to 
 every filament of which it forms a true canal. 
 
 NEURILEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
 
 NEURILEMMI'TIS, Neurilemmati'tis, Neu- 
 rolernmati'tls, Neiirili'tia, (F. ) Nevrilcmmite. 
 Same etymon. Inflammation of the neurilemma. 
 
 NEURILITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
 
 NEURILYMA, Neurilemma. 
 
 NEURINE, MeduU'a nervo'rum, (F.) Nevrine. 
 The substance of which the nervous system is 
 composed. It consists chiefly of albumen and a 
 peculiar fatty matter, associated with phosphorus. 
 There are two kinds of neurine — the one vesicu- 
 lar or consisting essentially of nerve vesicles or 
 nerve cells or corpuscles, or, as they are some- 
 times called, from their prevailing in the ganglia 
 — gmu/lion corpuscles and cjancjlion globules ; the 
 othei", the tubular; formed — as the word imports 
 — of tubules. The former is the cineritious or 
 cortical nervous matter of the older anatomists; — 
 the latter, the white or medullary. The vesicular 
 neurine appears to be concerned in the produc- 
 tion and distribution of nerve-power; the tubular, 
 in its conduction. 
 
 NEURISCHIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplita3a. 
 
 NEURITIC, Nervine. 
 
 NEURI'TIS, Inffcimma'fio nervo'rum, Nenro- 
 pMogo'sis, Neurophleg'mone, (F.) Injlammation 
 des Nerfs, Nevrite, from vevpov, ' a nerve,' and 
 itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflamma- 
 tion of a nervo. 
 
 NEUROBLACI'A, from vavpov, 'a nerve,' and 
 PXaKua, ' stupor.' Insensibility uf the nerves. 
 
 NEUROCHONDRO'DES, from vevpov, 'a si- 
 new,' x'^vSpoi, 'a cartilage,' and ciSos, 'resem- 
 blance.' A hard substance between a sinew and 
 a cartilage. 
 
 NEURODES, Nervous. 
 
 NEURODYNAMIA, Nervous power, 
 
 NEURODYNAMIS, Nervous power. 
 
 NEURODYNIA, Neuralgia. 
 
 NEUROGAMIA, Magnetism, animal. 
 
 'N'El!TMG''R,A'PliY, Neurograph'ia ; from vtv- 
 pov, 'a nerve,' and ypacf}ri, 'a description.' The 
 part of anatomy which describes the nerves. 
 
 NEURO-HYPNOTISM, see Magnetism, ani- 
 mal. 
 
 NEUROLEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
 
 NEUROL'OGY, Neurolog"ia, (F.) Nevrologie, 
 from vevpov, 'a, nerve,' and }^oyog, 'a, discourse.' 
 That part of anatomy which treats of the nerves. 
 
 NEURO'MA, (F.) Nevrome, from vevpov, 'a 
 nerve.' A morbid enlargement of a nerve. Ap- 
 plied to subcutaneous, circumscribed, and highly 
 painful tumours formed on the tissue of the 
 nerves ; and likewise to small, hard, grayish tu- 
 mours of the size of a pea, which are observed in 
 the course of nerves, and appear to be formed 
 from the neurilemma. 
 
 NEUROMALA'CIA ; from vevpov, 'a nerve,' 
 and ua\nKia, 'softening.' Softening of nerves. 
 
 NEUROMETRES, Psoaj. 
 
 NEUROMYELI'TIS, from vevpov, 'a nerve, 
 live\os, 'marrow,' anditis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the medullary matter of the 
 nerves. 
 
 NEURON, see Nerve. 
 
 NEURON'OSOS, Neuronu'sos, from vevpov, 'a 
 nerve,' and vocos, ' a disease.' A disease of tho 
 nerves. 
 
 NEURONYG'ME, Neuronyg'mus, Neuronyx'is, 
 from vevpov, 'a nerve,' and vvypri, 'puncture;' 
 Punc'tio nervi. Puncture of a nerve. 
 
 NEUROPATH'IC, Neurop>at}i'icus,iroTa vevpov, 
 'a nerve,' and -raOos, 'a disease.' Belonging to 
 disease of the nerves, to Neuropathi' a or Neu^ 
 ron'osos. 
 
 NEUROPHLEGMONE, Neuritis. 
 
 NEUROPHLOGOSIS, Neuritis. 
 
 NEUROPLAS'TY, Neuroplas'tice, (F.) Nev- 
 roplastie, from vevpov, 'a nerve,' and TrAaorixos', 
 'forming.' M. Serres applies this term to a gan- 
 glionary alteration of the peripheral nerves. 
 
 NEUROPYRA, Fever, nervous. Typhus mitior. 
 
 NEUROPYRETUS, Fever, nervous, Typhus 
 mitior. 
 
 NEURO'SES, (F.) Nevroses, from vivpov, 'a 
 nerve.' A generic name for diseases supposed 
 to have their seat in the nervous system, and 
 which are indicated by disordered sensation, vo- 
 lition, or mental manifestation ; without any evi- 
 dent lesion in the structure of the parts, and 
 without any material agent producing them. 
 Such is the usual definition. Broussais attributea 
 them to a state of irritation of the brain and spi- 
 nal marrow. 
 
 NEURO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
 
 NEUROSPASMI, see Spasm. 
 
 NEUROSTHENI'A, (F.) Nevrostlenie, from 
 vevpov, 'a nerve,' and aOeveia, 'strength.' Excess 
 of nervous irritation. Nervous irritation. 
 
 NEUROTHELIC APPARATUS, Corpus pa- 
 pillare. 
 
 NEUROTIC, Nervine. 
 
 NEUROT'ICA. Diseases of the nervous func- 
 tion. The 4th class of Good's Nosology, 
 
 NEU'POTOME, Nexirot'omits ; from vevpov, 
 'a nerve,' and repvui, 'I cut,' 'I dissect.' An 
 instrument used by anatomists to dissect the 
 nerves. It is a long and very narrow scalpel, 
 having two edges. 
 
 NEIIROT'OMY, Neurotom'ia, (F.) Nevroiomie. 
 Same etymon. Dissection of the nerves. Also, 
 an incised wound of a nerve. 
 
 NEUROTRO'SIS, Neurotros'm.m, from vevpov, 
 'a nerve,' and rpwo-ij, 'wounding.' Nervi vulne- 
 ra'fio. Wound or wounding of a nerve. 
 
 NEUROTROSMUS, Neurotrosis, 
 
 NEURYMEN, Neurilemma. 
 
 NEUTA, Neutha. A membrane, according to 
 Paracelsus, which covers the eyes and ears of the 
 foetus in utero. 
 
 NEUTRAL, from Tjeuier, 'neither.' Belonging 
 to neither in particular. 
 
 Neutral Salts, Sec'ondary salts, (F.) Seh 
 nentres. Salts, composed of two primitive saline 
 substances, combined together, and not possess- 
 ing the characters of acid or of base. 
 
 NEVIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Thermal 
 springs in the department of Allior, France. 
 Temperature, 136° to 148° Fahrenheit. 
 
 NEVRALGIE, Neuralgia— n. du Foie, Hepa- 
 talgia — 71. des Reins, Nephralgia — n. de I' Utirua, 
 Hysteralgia. 
 
 NEVRILEMME, Neurilemma. 
 
 NEVR1LE2IMITE, Neurilemmitis. 
 
 NEVRINE, Neurine. 
 
NE VRITE 
 
 599 
 
 NITEAS 
 
 KE VRITE, Neuritis. 
 
 NEVRODYNIE, Neuralgia. 
 
 NEVROLOGIE, Neurology. 
 
 NEVROME, Neuroma. 
 
 NEVROSE DU CCEUR, Angina pectoris. 
 
 NEVROSES, Neuroses. 
 
 NEVROSTHENIE, Neurosthenia. 
 
 NEVROTOME, Neurotome. 
 
 NEVROTOMIE, Neurotomy. 
 
 NEVUS, Najvus. 
 
 NEW JERSEY, MINERAL WATERS OE. 
 In the upper part of Morris county and in the 
 county of Hunterdon, near the top of Musconet- 
 eong mountain, there are chalybeate springs, 
 which are resorted to. See Schooley's Mountain. 
 
 NEW YORK, MINERAL WATERS OE. 
 The chief waters are those of Ballston, Saratoga, 
 and Sharon. 
 
 NEXUS STAMINEUS OCULI, Ciliary body. 
 
 NEZ, Nasus. 
 
 NIANDRIA ANO?.IALA, Anisodus luridus. 
 
 NICARAGUA WOOD, see Ccesalpinia. 
 
 NICE, CLIMATE OF. The climate of Nice 
 possesses some advantages over the neighbour- 
 ing climates of Provence and Italy, being free 
 from the sirocco of the latter, and protected 
 from the mistral of the former. Spring is the 
 most unfavourable season. The climate is very 
 dry. It has been a great winter retreat for the 
 consumptive ; but does not deserve the enco- 
 miums that have been passed upon it. 
 
 NICKAR TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
 
 NICODE'MI O'LEUM, Oil of mcmle'mus. 
 An oil made by digesting, for some time,— in a 
 mixture of white wine and olive oil, — old turpen- 
 tine, litharge, aloes, saffron, oxyd of zinc, &o. 
 
 NICOTIANA, N. tabacum — n. Minor, N. rus- 
 tica. 
 
 Nicotia'na Rus'tica, called after Nicot, who 
 carried it to Europe ; iV. minor, Priapei'a, Hi/os- 
 cij'amus lu' terns,. English Tobacco. The leaves 
 possess the properties of tobacco, but are milder. 
 
 NicOTiANA Tab'acum, Nicotia'na, Eerha ta- 
 baoi, Tahacum, Petiim, Petun, Hyoscy'ainus Pe- 
 riivia'nus. Tobacco, Vircjin'ia tobacco, (E.) Tabac, 
 Nicotiane. Tobacco is a violent acro-narcptic ; 
 its properties seeming to depend upon a peculiar 
 principle, Nicotin or Nicotianin. It is narcotic, 
 sedative, diuretic, emetic, cathartic, and errhine. 
 In incarcerated hernia, it is injected, in the form 
 of smoke or infusion, but requires great caution. 
 It is extensively and habitually used as an errhine 
 and sialogogue. The infusion is used to kill ver- 
 min, and in some cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 NICOTIANE, Nicotiana tabacum. 
 
 NICOTIANIN, see Nicotiana tabacum. 
 
 NICOTIN. see Nicotiana tabacum. 
 
 ' NICTATIO, Hippus, Nictatio. 
 
 NICTA'TION, Nicta'tio, Nictita'tio, from vic- 
 tare, 'to wink.' Clonus nictita'tio, Blepharism'tis, 
 Paljpebra'tio, TwinJding of the eye, (F.) Cli(jnote- 
 ment, Clignement, Cillement, Souris. A rapid 
 and repeated movement of the eyelids, which 
 open and shut alternately. As occasionally per- 
 formed, it is physiological ; if repeatedly, a dis- 
 ease. It seems to be executed chiefly by the 
 motor 7th pair of nerves ; but it is necessary that 
 the excitor 5th pair should likewise be in a state 
 of integrity. 
 
 NIDAMENTUM, Decidua. 
 
 NIDOREUX, Nidorous. 
 
 NI'DOROUS, Nidoro'aus, (F.) Nidoreux, from 
 Nidor, Cnissa, 'the smell of any thing burnt,' 
 <fcc. Having the smell of burnt or corrupt animal 
 matter. 
 
 NIDUS, Nidus hirundinis. 
 
 NiDTTS Hirun'dinis, Nidun, Swalloips' Neat. 
 A deep fossa in the cerebellum — so called from 
 its fancied resemblance — situate between the ve- 
 lum meduUare posterius in front, and the nodu- 
 lus and uvula behind. 
 
 NIEDERBRONN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Saline waters in the department of Bas-Rhin, 
 France, which contain chloride of sodium, sul- 
 phate of magnesia, and carbonic acid. 
 
 NIELLE, Nigella. 
 
 NIGELLA, Coptis. 
 
 Nigel'la, N. Sati'va, Melan'thium, Cumi'mim 
 Nigrum, Fennel flower, Nutmeg flower, iJevil in 
 a bush, (F.) Nigelle, Nielle. This small southern 
 European and Syrian plant was formerly used 
 medicinally as an expectorant and deobstruent, 
 errhine, sialogogue, <fcc. 
 
 NIGELLE, Nigella. 
 
 NIGHT-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia. 
 
 NIGHT EYES, Crusta genu equina — n. Mare, 
 Incubus. 
 
 NIGHTSHADE, AMERICAN, Phytolacca 
 decandra — n. Bittersweet, Solanum dulcamara — 
 n. Common, Solanum — n. Deadly, Atropa bella- 
 donna — n. Enchanter's, Circaja Lutetiana — n. 
 Garden, Solanum — n. Palestine, Solanum sanc- 
 tum — n. Stinking, Hyoscyamus niger — n. Vine, 
 Solanum dulcamara — n. Woody, Solanum dul- 
 camara. ^ 
 
 NIGREDO A SOLE, Ephelides. 
 
 NIGRITA, Negro. 
 
 NIGRITIES, Melanopathia — n. Ossium, Ca- 
 ries. 
 
 NiGRITISM, Melanopathia. 
 
 NIGRITUDO, Melanosis— n. Pulmonum, Me- 
 lanosis pulmonum. 
 
 NIGROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 
 NIGROR, Melasma. 
 
 NIGRUM OCULI, PupiL 
 
 NIHIL ALBUM, Zinci oxydum — n. Griseum, 
 Zinci oxydum. 
 
 NILIACUM, Mel. 
 
 NINDSIN, Slum ninsi. 
 
 NINE-DAY FITS, Trismus nascentium. 
 
 NINSI, Slum ninsi. 
 
 NINSING, Panax quinquefolium. 
 
 NINZIN, Slum ninsi. 
 
 NIPPLE, Sax. nypele. The Teat, Tit, Bug, 
 Pap, Acromas'tium, Vber, Staph'ylis, Stajifiyl'- 
 ium, Bubona, Mammil'la, Mammel' la, Papjil'la, 
 Thele, Tit'the, Titthos, Tit'thion, Titthis, (F.) 
 Mamelon. The conical tubercle, situate at the 
 centre of the breast. Towards the central part 
 of each breast the skin changes colour, and as- 
 sumes a rosy tint in young females, or a reddish 
 brown in those who have suckled several chil- 
 dren. The circle is called the Areola or Aureola 
 of the nipple. The nipple is capable of erection 
 on being excited. 
 
 NIPPLEAVORT, Lapsana. 
 
 NIRLES, Herpes exedens. 
 
 NISUS, Nixus, Peira, Straining, from Lat. 
 nitor, ' to endeavour.' A voluntary retention of 
 the breath, so as to force down the diaphragm; 
 the abdominal muscles being at the same time 
 contracted forcibly. In this manner the contents 
 of the abdomen are compressed; and the evacua- 
 tion of the faeces, urine, <Scc., is efiected. 
 
 Nisus, Effort — n. Formativus, Plastic force. 
 
 Nisus Parturientium. The efforts or forcing 
 during parturition. 
 
 NITEDULA, Cicindela. 
 
 NITON, MINERAL A7ATERS OF. These 
 springs in the Isle of Wight contain iron, and 
 sulphate of alumina and potassa. 
 
 NITRAS KALICUM, Potassa3 nitras— n. Lix- 
 ivia3, Potassa3 nitras — n. Natricum, Soda, nitrate 
 of — n. Plumbicus, Plumbi nitras — n, Potassa* 
 
NITRATE 
 
 600 
 
 NOISETTE 
 
 cum sulphure fusus, Potassae nitras fusus sul- 
 phatis paucillo mixtus — n. Sub-bismuthicum, 
 bismuth, sub-nitrate of. 
 
 NI'TRATE, Nitras. A salt, formed of a base 
 and nitric acid. Several nitrates are employed 
 In medicine. 
 
 NITRATE B'ANMONIAQUE, Ammonia 
 nitras — n. D' Argent, Argenti nitras. 
 
 NITRE, Potassee nitras — n. Cubic, Soda, ni- 
 trate of. 
 
 NITPi-IC ACID, Acidum ni'tricvm, A. azo'ti- 
 eum, A. sep'ticum, A. nitri, Aqua fortis, Nitrous 
 acid, Sjnr'itus nitri duplex, Sp. nitri fumans, Sp. 
 nitri Glaube'ri, Azot'ic^ acid, Bephlogisticated 
 nitrous acid, Oxysepton'ic acid, Spir'itim nitri 
 ac"idus, (F.) Acide nitrique. ,Nitric acid is ob- 
 tained from nitre — Nitrate of potassa. Its odour 
 is stiffocating; taste very acid and caustic. It is 
 corrosive, liquid, colourless, and transparent. 
 S. g. 1.500. 
 
 Strong nitric acid is rarely used except as an 
 application to foul, indolent ulcers, or to warts. 
 When given internally, it is in the form of the 
 Acidum ni'tricum dilu'tum, Spir'itus nitri sim- 
 plex, Sp. nitri vulga'ris — the Diluted nitric acid, 
 which, in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, 
 consists of nitric acid, gj, water, ^ix, by measure. 
 Diluted largely with water, it is used, as a drink, 
 in fevers of the typhoid kind ,■ in chronic affec- 
 tions of the liver, syphilis, &c. ; but, in the latter 
 affections, it is not to be depended upon. 
 
 NITROGEN, Azote. 
 
 Ni'trogen, Gaseous Oxide of, Nitrous oxide, 
 Protox'ide of nitrogen or of azote. Paradise gas, 
 Intoxicating gas, Laughing gas, De2)Mogistica.ted 
 nitrotis gas. Gas azot'icum oxygena'tum. This 
 gas, when respired, produces singular effects ; 
 great mental and corporeal excitement ; and, 
 generally, so much exhilaration as to render the 
 appellation, "laughing gas" by no means inap- 
 propriate. It has not Ijeen much used in medi- 
 cine, although recommended in paralysis. Its 
 effects are too violent and too transient to render 
 it a valuable remedial agent ; and, in the deli- 
 cate, it has been productive of unpleasant effects, 
 inducing palpitation, fainting, and conviilsions. 
 
 Nitrogen, Protoxide of. Nitrogen, gaseous 
 oxide of. ^ 
 
 NITROGENE, Azote. 
 
 NITROGENIUM, Azote. 
 
 NI'TROGENIZED, A'zoted, A'zotized. Con- 
 taining nitrogen or azote: — as a nitrogenized, 
 . azoted, or azotized aliment. 
 
 NITRO-MURIAT'IC ACID, Ac"idum nitro- 
 vmriat'ieuni, Nitro-hydrochlor'ic acid, Hydro- 
 chloro-nitric acid, Aqua regia. Aqua styg"ia, 
 Chrysulca, Aqua regis, Acidum muriaticum ni- 
 tro' 80-oxygena' turn, Jilens'truum auri, (F.) Eau re- 
 gale. A mixture of the nitric and muriatic acids, 
 has been used in diseases of the liver, in the form 
 of a hath for the feet and legs made sharply aci- 
 dulous. It has, also, been employed, and with 
 more uniform results, in cutaneous affections. 
 Whatever advantage it may possess in internal 
 diseases — and these advantages are doubtful — 
 they are probably dependent upon the chlorine 
 formed by the mixture, or upon the properties 
 Ijoasessed by the mineral acids in general. See 
 Chlorine. 
 
 The Acidum nitro-muriaticum of the Pharma- 
 copoeia of the United States is formed by mixing 
 four fluidounces of nitric acid with eight of muri- 
 atic acid. 
 
 NITROUS OXIDE, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of. 
 NCTRUM, Natron, Potassas nitras — n. Anti- 
 quorum, Soda — n. Cubicum, Soda, nitrate of — 
 Xi Factitium, Borax — n. Flaramans, Ammoniiu 
 nitrao — n. Lunare, Argenti nitras — n. Rhomboi- 
 
 dale. Soda, nitrate of — n. Saturnitium, Plumbi 
 nitras — n. Vitriolatum Schroederi, Potassa3 sul- 
 phas — n. Tabulatum, Potassaj nitras fusus sul- 
 phatis paucillo mixtus — n. Vitriolatum, Potassa? 
 sulphas. 
 
 NIX, Snow — n. Fumans, Calx viva — n. Zinci 
 Zinci oxydum. 
 
 NIXUS, Nisus — n. Parturientium, Nisus par 
 turientium. 
 
 NOAH'S APvK, Cypripedium luteum. 
 NOBLE, Noh'ilis, Prin'cip)al, Essen'tial. 
 Noble Parts, Partes essentia'les. Some ana- 
 tomists have given this name to parts, without 
 which life cannot exist; such as the heart, liver, 
 lungs, brain, <fee. The organs of generation have, 
 likewise, been so called. 
 
 NOCAR, vufcap, Torjjor Soporif'icus. Lethargic 
 torpor. 
 
 NOCTAMBULATIO, Somnambulism. 
 NOCTAMBULISMUS, SomnambuUsm. 
 NOCTAMBULUS, Somnambulist. 
 NOCTILUCA, Cincindela. 
 NOCTISURGIUM, Somnambulism. 
 NOCTUI'NI OC'ULL Gray or blue eyes.— 
 Castelli. 
 NOCTURNA BELLA, Coitus. 
 NOCTUR'NAL, Noctur'nus, Nycter'inus, from 
 nox, ' night.' Relating to night, as Febris noc- 
 ttir'na seu nycter'ina. A fever occurring in the 
 night. 
 
 NODDING, Annuitio. 
 NODDLEPOX, Syphilomania. 
 NODE, Nodus, Emphy'ma exosto'sis j)<'rins'tea, 
 (F.) Nodosite, Noend; from Hebr. IJ, 'a heap.' 
 A hard concretion or incrustation, which forms 
 around joints attacked with rheumatism or gont. 
 Some include, under this name, exostoses, arti- 
 cular calculi, ganglions, and even the clironic 
 swellings of the joints, known under the name 
 of white swellings. 
 NODES, Edentulus. 
 
 NODI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges of 
 the fingers — n. Lactea, Infarctus mammte lacteus 
 — n. Nervorum, Ganglions, nervous — n. Ha3mor- 
 rhoidales, see Hsemorrhois. 
 NODOI, Nefrendes. 
 NODOSIA, see Nefrendes. 
 NODOSITE, Node. 
 
 NOD'ULI KRkW'Ill,NoduliMorgagn'il, Cor'- 
 pora Aran'tii. The small sesamoid bodies situate 
 on the periphery of the semilunar valves of the 
 aorta and pulmonary artery, for the better occlu- 
 sion of the arter3^ 
 
 NoDULi MoRGAGJfii, Noduli Arantii — n. Ner- 
 vorum, Ganglions, nervous. 
 
 NOD'ULUS, diminutive of nodus, 'a knot.' A 
 small knot. A small prominence or lobule in the 
 j)ortion of the cerebellum, which forms the poste- 
 rior boundary of the fourth ventricle. The nodu- 
 lus is on the median lino, and before the uvula. 
 See Vermiform process, inferior. 
 
 NODUS, Articulation, Edentulus, Encystis, 
 Hamma — n. Cerebri, Pons Varolii — n. Chirurgi- 
 cus, Knot, surgeon's — n. Encephali, Naud de 
 I'Encephale, Pons Varolii — n. Hystericus, Globus 
 hystericus — n. Vitas, Centrum vitale. 
 NOESIS, Intellect. 
 
 NCEUD, Node — n. du Chirurgien, Knot, sur- 
 geon's — n. Emhalleur, Knot, packer's. 
 
 NCEUD DE L'ENCEPEALE (F.), Nodus 
 Enceph'ali. M. Cruveilhier, under this name, 
 includes the pons Varolii, peduncles of the cere- 
 brum and cerebellum, and the tubercula quadri- 
 gemina. 
 
 NCEUD VITAL, Centrum vitale. 
 NGEUDS, Cnleuli, arthritic. 
 NOISETIER, Corylus avollnna. 
 NOISETTE, Corylus avcllana (nut.) 
 
NOIX 
 
 601 
 
 NOSTALGIA 
 
 NOIK, Juglans regia (mis) — n. AmSncaine, 
 Jatropha cui-cas — n. des Barhades, Jatropha cur- 
 eas — n. Cathartique, Jatropha curcas — n. d'Eau, 
 Trapa natans — n. de GaJle, see Quercus infectoria 
 — )i. de Serpent, see Thevetia Ahouai — n. Vo- 
 miqiie, see Strychnos bux vomica. 
 
 NOLA CULINABJA, Anemone Pulsatilla. 
 NOLI ME TANGERE, Lupus, see Chancreux 
 (^Bouton.) 
 
 NOMA, Cancer aquaticus — n. Pudendorum, 
 Colpocace infantilis. 
 
 NOM'AD, Nom'ade, Nomas, from voixri, 'pas- 
 turage.' An epithet given to people who have 
 no fixed habitation, and who travel, with their 
 flocks, from country to country, for pasturage. 
 Such are the Tartars. By analogy, the word 
 Nomad'ic has been applied to spreading ulcer. 
 
 NOMBRIL, Umbilicus — n. de Venus, Cotyle- 
 don umbilicus. 
 
 NOME, Cancer aquaticus, Phagedenic ulcers. 
 
 NO'MENCLATURE, Nomencla'tio, Nomen- 
 clatu'ra, Onomatolog"ia, Onomatocle'sh, Termon'- 
 ology, Termxnol'ogij, OrismoV ogy , from ovojia, 
 'name,' and KaXtoi, 'I call.' A collection of 
 terms or words peculiar to a science or art. In 
 all sciences, nomenclature is an object of import- 
 ance ; and each term should convey to the stu- 
 dent a definite meaning. The Lavoisierian no- 
 menclature was a valuable gift to chemistry; and 
 anatomy has derived advantage from the labours 
 of Barclay, Dumas, and Chaussier, who have 
 given names to parts indicative of their situation. 
 See Muscle. The nomenclature of pathology has 
 required the greatest attention ; and although 
 repeated attempts have been made to improve it, 
 the barbarous terms that disgrace it are still 
 frequently adopted. It consists of Hebrew and 
 Arabic terms ; Greek and Latin, French, Italian, 
 Spanish, German, English, and even Indian, Afri- 
 can, and Mexican; often barbarously and illegiti- 
 mately compovmded. A want of principle in 
 founding the technical terms of medicine is every 
 where observable. They have been formed : — 
 1. From colour; as Ileleena, Melas, Airabilis, 
 Leuce, Alplios, CJdorosis, Bubeola, Scarlatina, 
 Purpura, &c. 2. From duration; as epJiemeral, 
 quotidian, tertian, and quartan, continued, and in- 
 termittent, &c. 3. From Birds, Beasts, Fishes, 
 Insects, and Plants; as Rahies canina, Cynanche, 
 Boidimia, Pica, Hippopyon, Elepihantiasis, Urti- 
 caria, Lichen, Ichthyosis, &<i. 4. From Persons 
 or Places ; as llorbus Herculeus, Fades Hipjoo- 
 cratica, Lepra Arahum, Plica Polonica, Sudor 
 Anglicus, Morbus Gcdlicus, Ignis Sancti Antonii, 
 Chorea Sancti Viti, &c. 
 
 NOMUS, Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 NON-NAT'URALS, Non natura'lia. Under 
 this term the ancient physicians comprehended 
 air, meat, and drink, sleep and watching, motion 
 and rest, the retentions and excretions, and the 
 affections of the mind. They were so called, be- 
 cause they affect man without entering into his 
 composition, or constituting his nature; but yet 
 are so necessary that he cannot live without them. 
 
 NON-SANE, Insane. 
 
 NON-STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see 
 Muscular fibre. 
 
 NONUS HUMERI PLACENTINI, Teres 
 minor — n. Linguae musculus, Genio-glossus — n. 
 Vesalii, Peroneeus tertius. 
 
 NOOS, Intellect. 
 
 NORMA VERTICALIS, see Normal. 
 
 NORMAL, Norma'lis, from norma, ' a perpen- 
 dicular,' 'a rule.' According to rule; perpen- 
 dicular. 
 
 The normal line, norma vertica'lis, of Blumen- 
 bach, is a vertical line let fall from the promi- 
 nence of the frontal bone and shaving the supe- 
 
 rior maxillary, so as to mark the projection of 
 the latter bone beyond the arch of the forehead. 
 
 NORRIS'S DROPS, see Antimonium tartari- 
 zatum. 
 
 NORTON'S DROPS, Liquor hydrargyri osy- 
 muriatis. 
 
 NOSACERUS, Sickly. 
 
 NOSE, Nasus — n. Bleed, Epistaxis — n. Run- 
 ning at the, Coryza. 
 
 NOSELI'A, Nosocome'sia, Nosocomia, from 
 I'ocros, 'disease.' Care of the sick. 
 
 NOSEMA, Disease. 
 
 NOSENCEPH'ALUS, from voaog, 'disease,' 
 and lyKeipaXoi, ' brain.' A monster whose skull 
 is open only on the frontal and parietal regions, 
 the posterior fontanelle being distinctly present. 
 
 NOSEROS, Insalubrious, Sick. 
 
 NOSEUMA, Disease. 
 
 NOSOCOMESIS, Noselia. 
 
 NOSOCOMIA, Noselia. 
 
 NOSOCO'MIAL, Nosocomia' lis, from vosoco- 
 miuw, 'an hospital.' Relating to an hospital,— 
 as 'nosocomial or hospital fever.' 
 
 NOSOCOMIUM, Hospital. 
 
 NOSOCOMUS, Infirmier. 
 
 NOSODES, Insalubrious, Sick, Sickly. 
 
 NOSODOCHIUM, Hospital. 
 
 NOSOGENESIS, Pathogeny. 
 
 NOSOGENIA, Pathogeny. 
 
 NOSOGENY, Pathogeny. 
 
 NOSOG'RAPHY, N'osograph'ia., from vocro;, 'a 
 disease,' and ypu^w, ' I describe.' A description 
 of diseases. 
 
 NOSOL'OGT, Nosolog"ia, from rotroj, 'a dis- 
 ease, and Aoyof, 'a discourse. A name given to that 
 part of medicine whose object is the classification 
 of diseases. The most celebrated nosological 
 systems have been those of Sauvages (1763), Lin- 
 nfBus n.763), Vogel (1764), Sagar (1776), Mac- 
 bride (1772), Cullen (1772), Darwin (1796), Selle, 
 Criehton (1804), Parr (1809), Swediaur (1812), 
 Pinel (1813), Young (1813), Good (1817), Hosack 
 (1818), &Q,. Besides these general nosographies, 
 others have been published on Surgery exclu- 
 sively, none of which are particularly worthy of 
 enumeration amongst nosological systems. No- 
 sological arrangements have, also, been formed 
 of single families or groups of diseases. Plenck, 
 of Baden, is the author of two different treatises 
 of this kind: the one, a methodical arrangement 
 of the diseases of the eyes, and the other, of cu- 
 taneous diseases. Dr. Willan published an ar- 
 rangement of cutaneous diseases, which was com- 
 pleted by Dr. Bateman, and adopted into the 
 Nosology of Dr. Hosack. Mr. Abernethy, also, 
 published a methodical classification of tumours, 
 and many other partial nosological classifications 
 might be enumerated. Also, Pathology. 
 
 NOSON'OMY, Nosonom'ia, from voaog, 'a dls. 
 ease,' and ovo/za, 'name.' The nomenclature of 
 diseases. 
 
 NOSOPH'YTA, from voaog, 'disease,' and ^vroy, 
 ' a plant.' A disease supposed to be produced by, 
 or to consist in the development of parasitic 
 plants — as porrigo, mentagra, &c. — Gruby. 
 
 NOSOPCE'US, Nosopoet'icus, from voaog, 'dis- 
 ease,' and TTotcu, ' I make.' That which causes 
 disease. 
 
 NOSOS, Disease. 
 
 NOSOTAX'Y, Nosotax'ia, from voaog, 'a dig- 
 ease,' and Tai,ig, 'arrangement.' The distributioa 
 and classification of diseases. 
 
 NOSOTHEO'RIA, from voaog, 'disease,' and 
 ■Stupta, 'doctrine.' The doctrine or theory of 
 disease. 
 
 NOSTAL'GIA, from voCTTOf, 'return,' 'a jour- 
 ney home,' and oKyos, ' pain.' Nostoma'nia, Al*> 
 
NOSTOMANIA 
 
 602 
 
 NUCLEUS 
 
 traa'aia, ApodemiaV gia, Paihopatridal' rjia, Paio- 
 jiatridal'gia, PhilopatridaV ijici, PhilojMtridoma' - 
 nia, Adenion'ia, Ademos'yue, Home-sickness, (F.) 
 Nostalgie, Maladie du jDa?/s. An affection pro- 
 duced by the desire of returning to one's country. 
 It is commonly attended by slow wasting, and 
 sometimes by hectic, which may speedily induce 
 death. M. Pinel properly regards it as a variety 
 of melancholy. 
 
 KOSTOMANIA, Nostalgia. 
 NOSTRASSIA, Nostalgia. 
 NOSTRILS, Nares. 
 NOSTRUM, Arcanum. 
 
 NosTEUir, Chittick's. An empirical remedy 
 for stone in the bladder, said to be a solution of 
 alkali in veal-broth. 
 
 NOTA MATERNA, Nsevus — n. Primitiva, 
 Groove, primitive. 
 NOT^ INFANTUM, Nsevi. 
 NOTAL, Dorsal. 
 
 NOTAL'GrIA, Notial'gia, {Nostalgia, impro- 
 perly, of Kochlin and others,) from vmro^, 'the 
 back,' and aAyo J, 'pain.' Pain in the back. Spinal 
 iiTitation. 
 
 NOTANENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus. 
 NOTCH, Teut. No eke, Ital. Xocchia, Emar- 
 gina'tio, Emaryinatu' ra, (F.) Echanerure. A 
 depression or indentation of different shape and 
 size, observed on the circumference or edges of 
 certain bones. 
 
 Notch of the Concha, Incij?ura tragica. 
 Notch, EthmOID'al, (F.) Echanerure ethmn'i- 
 dale, is situate on the frontal bone, and joins the 
 ethmoid. ^ 
 
 Notches, Ischiat'ic, (F.) Echancrures Ischia- 
 tiques, are two in number : — the greater and the 
 less. The former is large, situate at the inferior 
 part of the pelvis, and formed by the sacrum and 
 ilium. It gives passage to the sciatic nerve, py- 
 ramidalis muscle, and to the superior gluteal ves- 
 sels and nerves. The latter is much smaller than 
 the other, from which it is separated by the sciatic 
 spine. It gives passage to the tendon of the ob- 
 turator internus, and to the internal pudic vessels 
 and nerves. , 
 
 Notch, Parot'id, (F.) Echanerxire pa.rotidi- 
 enne, is the triangular space comprised between 
 the parotid edge of the inferior maxillary bone 
 and the mastoid process ; so called, because it 
 lodges the parotid gland. The notches in soft 
 parts are generally called Fissures. 
 
 Notch, ScAP'uLAR,^/)icis!i';-a scapula'ris, Lu'- 
 mda scap'vlcB, (F.) Echanerure: scupvlaire. The 
 notch on the superior edge or costa of the scapula, 
 which is converted into a foramen by means of a 
 ligament, and gives passage to the suprascapular 
 nerve. 
 
 Notch, Semilunar of the STERNrir, Four- 
 cliette. 
 
 NOTENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus. 
 NOTENCEPH'ALUS, from vwroi, 'the back,' 
 and cyKC(pu}.ov, 'the head.' A monster whose 
 bead, with the brain, is on the back. The con- 
 dition ic termed Notencepha'lia and Notanen- 
 cephu'Ua. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 NOTHEUSIS, Degeneration. 
 NOTHIA. Degeneration. 
 NOTIIROTES, Torpor. 
 NOTIIUS, False. 
 
 NOTI^US, Dorsal— n. Myelus, Medulla spi- 
 nalis. 
 
 NOTIALGTA, Notalgia. 
 NOTOMYELITIS, Myelitis. 
 NOTOMYELUS, Medulla spinalis. 
 NOTON, Dorsum. 
 
 NOTOS, Dorsum, Vertebral column. 
 NOV AGE BE LA CORNJEE, Caligo. 
 
 NOUE, {Bandage) (F.); 'knotted/ from nodu^, 
 '2 knot.' A bandage which has a considerablo 
 number of knots placed above each other. It is 
 made with a roller, 6 or 7 ells long, rolled into 
 two balls, and is used to compress the parotid 
 region, after the extirpation of the parotid gland. 
 Also, an epithet applied to children in whom 
 the disease of rickets has swollen the articnla- 
 tions. 
 
 It is, likewise, applied to the gout, when it has 
 caused nodes on the joints. 
 
 NOUET (F.), Nod'ulus. A bag filled with 
 medicinal substances, and infused in a liquid t« 
 cominunicate their profierties to it. 
 
 NOUFFER'S, MADAJIE, REMEDY, Poly 
 podium filix mas. 
 NO UERICE, Nurse. 
 NOURR ICIER, Nutritions. 
 NO URRITURE, Aliment. 
 NOUS, Intellect. 
 NOUURE, Rachitis. 
 
 NOUVEAU-NE (F.), Neona'tus, nvperrwii 
 Natus, Neog'enes, Neog'iles, Neog'ilus, Neog'nuSy 
 Infans recens natus. That which has been just 
 born. A new-born infant. 
 NOVACULA, Razor. 
 NOYAU, see Cytoblast. 
 
 NOYAU CENTRAL DES PEDONCULES 
 BU CERVELET, Corpus dentatum. 
 
 NOYER, Juglans regia — n. de Ceylon, Adha- 
 toda. 
 
 NUAGE, Nebula. 
 NUBECULA, Enaeorema, Nebula. 
 NUBES, Enseorema, Nebula. 
 NU'BILE, Nu'bilis, 'marriageahle,' 'fit to 
 marry.' Generally, the period of puberty is con- 
 sidered to be the age at which both sexes are 
 nubile. They are truly nubile, however, only 
 when they are fitted to procreate healthy and 
 vigorous children, and are competent to discharge 
 their duties as parents. 
 
 NUBIL'ITY, NuhiVitas, (F.) NubiHte ; same 
 otymon. The state of being nubUe or marriage- 
 able. 
 
 NUBILOSUS, Nepheloid. 
 NUCES AQUATICS, see Trapa natans — n. 
 Quereus, see Quercus alba. 
 
 NUCHA, In'ium, (F.) Nuque. The rtul-e, 
 hinder part, or napie of the neck. The part where 
 the spinal marrow begins. 
 
 Ligamen'tum Nucha. A strong ligament from 
 the neck, proceeding from one spinous process to 
 another, and inserted into the occipital bone. It 
 is very strong in quadrupeds. It is called in 
 them Paxyicaxy, Paxicax, and Packuax. 
 
 NUCHAL RE'GION, Re'gio vuchcB seu wm- 
 cha'lia seu occipiita'lis infe'rior. The region of 
 the nucha or nape of the neck. 
 
 NUCISTA, see Myristica moschata. 
 NUCK, CANAL OF. A small prolongation 
 of the peritoneum often sent into the inguinal 
 canal of the female foetus. So called from Nuck, 
 who first described it. 
 
 NU'CLEATED, Nuclea'tua, from nuclevs, *a 
 kernel.' Having a nucleus or central particle. 
 Applied to the elementary cells of organized tis- 
 sues ; the vital properties of which are seated in 
 the nucleus. See Cytoblast. 
 
 NUCLEATED CELL, see Cytoblast. 
 NUCLEI CEMBRiE, see Pinus Cembra— n. 
 Ossei, Ossification, points of — n. Pinese, see Finos 
 pinea. 
 
 NUCLEOLE, see Cytoblast. 
 NUCLEOLULE, see Cytoblast. 
 NUCLEOLUS, see Cytoblast. 
 NUCLEUS, see Cytoblast— n. Blastodermatis, 
 Tache embryonnaire — n. Centralis, Corpus denta- 
 tum — n. Cicatriculte, Tache embryonnaire — n. 
 
N'JCULA 
 
 603 
 
 NYMPHS 
 
 Dentatus, Corpus dentatum — n. Dentis, Dental 
 pulp — n. Encased, Cytoblast — n. Fimbriatus, 
 Corpus dentatum — n. Furunculi, see Furunculus 
 — n. Germinal, see Molecule — n. Germinativus, 
 see Molecule — n. Olivse, Corpus dentatum — n 
 Ossifieationis, Ossification, point of — n. Rhom 
 boidalis, see Corpus dentatum. 
 
 NUCULA TERRESTRIS, Bunium bulbocas 
 tanum. 
 
 NUKE, Nucha. 
 
 NUMERICAL METHOD, see Method, nume- 
 rical. 
 
 NUM'MULAR, Nummula'ris. Relating to 
 money, from niimnms, 'money.' An epithet ap- 
 plied to the sputa in phthisis, when they flatten 
 at the bottom of the vessel, like apiece of money. 
 
 NUMMULARIA, Lysimachia nummularia. 
 
 NUPHAR LUTEUM, Nymphssa lutea. 
 
 NVQ UE, Nucha. 
 
 NURSE, Sax. nopiee, Nutrix, (from nourish, 
 itself from nutrire,) Tithe'rte, Trephou'sa, Lac- 
 tans, Lac'ticans, Nu'triens, Thelas'tria, Manuna, 
 (I.) Nutrice, (F.) Nowrice. One who suckles her 
 own child or another's. One that has the care 
 of a sick person, (F.) Garde-malade. 
 
 Nurse, Dry. One who gives every care to a 
 child, but does not suckle it. 
 
 Nurse, Wet. A female, who suckles the child 
 of a.nother. 
 
 To ' nurse artificially,' is to bring up a child by 
 the hand. 
 
 NUS, Intellect. 
 
 NUSUS, Disease. 
 
 NUT, BUTTER, Juglans clnerea— n. Cembros, 
 see Pinus cembra — n. Physic, Jatropha curcas — 
 n. Pine, see Pinus picea — -n. Pistachio, see Pista- 
 cia vera — n. Poison, see Strychnos nux vomica — 
 n. Purging, see Jatropha — n. Rattle, Nelumbium 
 luteum — n. Soap, see Sapindus saponaria — n. 
 Tree, Malabar, Adhatoda- — n. Vomic, see Strych- 
 nos nux vomica — n. Zirbel, see Pinus picea. 
 
 NUTA'TION, Nuta'tio, from nutare, ' to nod.' 
 Constant oscillation of the head, by which it 
 moves involuntarily in one or more directions. 
 
 NUTATOR CAPITIS, Sterno-cleido-mastoi- 
 deus. 
 
 NUTMEG, see Myristica moschata — n. Flower, 
 Nigella — n. Liver, Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 NUTRICATIO, Nutrition. 
 
 NUTRICIER, Nutritious. 
 
 NUTRICIUS, Nutritious. 
 
 NUTRIENS, Aliment, Nurse. 
 
 NUTRIMBN, Aliment. 
 
 NUTRIMEN'TAL, Nutrimenta'lis, Aliment'al, 
 AUmenta'lis, from nutrimen, 'aliment.' Having 
 the qualities of food or nutriment. 
 
 NUTRIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum. 
 
 NUTRIT"ION, Nutrif'lo, Nutrica'tio, Niitri'- 
 tns, Alitii'ra, Threpsi8,iTova nutrire, 'to nourish.' 
 Nutrition is that function by which the nutritive 
 matter already elaborated by the various organic 
 actions, loses its own nature, and assumes that 
 of the diiferent living tissues, — to repair their 
 losses and maintain their strength. Sometimes 
 the word is used in a more extended signification, 
 to express the whole series of actions by which 
 the two constant movements of composition and 
 decomposition are accomplished, in organized 
 bodies. Nutrition, then, would comprehend di- 
 gestion, absorption, respiration, circulation, and 
 assimilation ; the latter being nutrition, properly 
 50 called, and being operated in the intermediate 
 system over the whole of the body, — the cells of 
 the tissues attracting from the blood the elements 
 necessary for their reparation. 
 
 NuTRiTiojr, Force of, Plastic force. 
 
 NUTRIT"IOUS, Nutric"ius, Nu'tritive, Alib'- 
 ilisj Trojjhi'mos, Trojiho'des, (F.) Nourricier, 
 
 Nutricicr. Having the quality of nourishing: aa 
 nutritious food, nutritious lymph, &c. 
 
 Nutritious or Nutritive Arteries, (F.) Ar- 
 teres nutricieres. Arterial branches which enter 
 the foramina nufricia of long bones, and pene- 
 trate to the medullary membrane. 
 
 NU'TRITIVE, Nutritious. Also, relating to 
 nutrition: hence the 'nutritive functions,' or 
 those that are concerned in nutrition. 
 NUTRITUS, Aliment, Nutrition. 
 NUTRIX, Mamma, Nurse. 
 NUTS, WATER, Nelumbium luteum. 
 NUX AROMATICA, see Myristica moschata 
 — n. Avellana, Corylus avellana (nut) — n. Barba- 
 densis, Jatropha curcas — n. Becuiba, Ibicuiba — 
 n. Cathartica Americana, Jatropha curcas — n. 
 Gallse, see Quercus eerris — n. Juglans, Juglans 
 regia — n. Medica, Coco of the Maldives — n. Me- 
 tella, Strychnos nux vomica — n. Methel, Datura 
 stramonium — n. Moschata, see Myristica mos- 
 chata — n. Myristica, see Myristica moschata — n. 
 Pistacia, see Pistacia vera — n. Ungueutaria, see 
 Myristica moschata — n. Vomica, Strychnos nux 
 vomica. 
 
 NYCTALOPE, see Nyctalopia. 
 
 NYCTALOPEX, see Nyctalopia. 
 
 NYCTALO'PIA,fromvDf, 'night,' and oTrn/iat; 
 'I see;' Parop'sis Lucif'uga, Ni/etalopi'asis, Cce'- 
 citas diur'na, Visus noctur'nus, Oxyo'pna, lieme- 
 ralo'pia (moderns,) Amhlyo'pia meridia'na, Ile- 
 meratyphlo'sis, Photophob'ia, PJiotopholophthal' - 
 mia, JJyso'pia la'minis, Visus a'crior, Nyc'talojry, 
 (F.) Vue nocturne, Aveuglement de Jour. The 
 faculty of seeing during the night, with privation 
 of the faculty during the day. It affects both 
 eyes at once when idiopathic. Its duration is 
 uncertain, and treatment very obscure. It is, 
 however, a disease of nervous irritability, and 
 one of excitement of the visual nerve in parti- 
 cular. The indications of cure will consequently 
 be — to allay direct irritation in everyway; t-o 
 excite counter-irritation by blisters ; and to gra- 
 dually accustom the eye to the impression of 
 light. 
 
 One labouring under this affection is called a 
 Nyc'talope, Ni/c'falops, Nyctalo'pex. 
 
 NYCTALO'PS, see Nyc'*ilopia. 
 
 NYCTALOPY, Nyctalopia. ■ 
 
 NYCTERINUS, Nocturnal. 
 
 NYCTHEMERON, see Dies. 
 
 NYCTHE'MERUM, from w^, 'night,' and 
 'r}y.zpa, ' day.' The space of 24 hours, or of a day 
 and night. Certain complaints continue only so 
 long. 
 
 NYCTOBADIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 NYCTOBASIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 NYCTOBATESIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 NYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 NYCTOTYPHLOSIS, Hemeralopia. 
 
 NYGMA, Wound, punctured. 
 
 NYGMATICUM EMPLASTRUM, Emplas- 
 trum resinse. 
 
 NYMPHA, Clitoris. 
 
 NYMPHiE, from vvfKJir!, 'a, water nymph.* 
 AIcB inter'na 7nino'rea clitor'idis, Cariin' cidce cu- 
 ticula'res, Alee mino'res, A. midie'hres mino'res, 
 Crista clitor'idis, Collic'uli varji'ncB, Myrtoclii'la, 
 MyrtocTieil'ides, Labia mino'ra seu inter'na, L. 
 puden'di mino'ra, (F.) Nywphes, Petites levres. 
 Two membranous folds, which arise from tho 
 lateral parts of the prepuce of the clitoris, and 
 descend on the inner surface of the labia majora ; 
 terminating, by becoming gradually thinnei, 
 about the middle of the circumference of the ori- 
 fice of the vagina. They are formed each of two 
 folds of the mucous membrane of the vulva; and 
 contain, in their substance, a thin layer of spongy, 
 erectile tissue. Their use seems to be,— not, aj 
 
NTMPHiEA ALBA 
 
 604 
 
 OBFUSCATIO 
 
 was once supposed, to direct the course of the 
 Urine, which notion gave rise to their name, but 
 to favour the elongation and dilatation of the 
 vagina in pregnancy and labour. 
 
 The word vvjupri, Nymplw, has also been used 
 Bynonymously with clitoris by Oribasius, Aetius, 
 &c. 
 
 ISTTMPH^'A ALBA, LeuconympTicB'a, Nemi.'- 
 pliar, 3IicroJenconymph(B'a, Casta'lia speeio'sa, 
 White Wafer Lily, (F.) Nenuphar hlanc. Nat. 
 Ord. Ranunculacege. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mo- 
 nogynia. Formerly employed as a demulcent, 
 antaphrodisiac, emollient, and slightly anodyne 
 remedy. 
 
 Nymph^a Isdica, If. nelumho — n. Major 
 lutea, N. lutea. 
 
 Nymph^a Lu'tea, N. major lutea, N. umhili- 
 ca'lis, Nttphar lu'tenm, Nenu'phar lutea, Nypjho- 
 zanthvji vulga'ris, Yellow Water Lily, (F.) Nenu- 
 phar ja.tme. Used for the same purposes. 
 
 Nymph^ea Iveluii'bo, Faba jEgyptiaca, Cy'- 
 amus ^yyptiaeua, Nymphm'a In'dica ; Pontic 
 or JSgyptian Bean. The fruit of this is eaten 
 raw in Egypt and some of the neighbouring 
 countries ; and is considered to be tonic and as- 
 tringent. 
 
 Nymphm'a Odora'ta, Sweet-scented Water 
 Lily, Sweet ioater lily, White pond lily. Toad 
 Lily, Cov) Oahhage, Water Cahhage, (F.) Nenu- 
 phar odorant. An indigenous plant, gi'owing in 
 most parts of the United States in fresh water 
 ponds, and on the borders of streams, and having 
 large white, beautiful, sweet-scented flowers. 
 The root is very astringent and bitter. It is 
 sometimes made into a poultice and used as a 
 discutient. 
 
 Iv YMPH^A Umbilicalis, N. lutca. 
 
 NYMPHE, Clitoris. 
 
 NYMPHES, Nymphfe. 
 
 NYMPHI'TIS; from vu/k^i?, 'the clitoris,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Epjiderrhi'tis, In- 
 fiamma'tio Clitor'idis. Inflammation of the 
 clitoris. 
 
 NYMPHOCLUIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 NYMPIIOMA'NIA, from vu/^^i?, ' a bride/ and 
 
 fiavia, 'furyj' Furor uteri'nus, Uter'ima' nia, La^ 
 ne'sis furor femini'niis, Ifetroma'nia, yEdoeogar'~ 
 gains, JEdoeogaris'mus, Thelygon'ia, Erotoma'niaf 
 ^dceoma'nia, Aidoioma'nia, Melancho'lia vte~ 
 ri'na, Nymphoelu'ia, Sympto'ma turpitu' dAnie, 
 Androma'nia, GyncBcoma' nia, Machlos'yne, Ente- 
 lipathi'a, Tenti'go vene'rea, Hysteroma'nia, Sa~ 
 lao"itas vulvce, Uteri pruri'tus, Braehu'na, Arati'~ 
 con, Arsa'tum, CEstroma'nia, (F.) Nympliomanie, 
 Fureur uterine. An irresistible and insatiable 
 desire, in females, for the venereal act. It occurs 
 in those particularly, who possess a nervous tem- 
 perament, and vivid imagination, especially if 
 excited by improper language, masturbation, &c. 
 Its course, as described, is as follows. In the 
 commencement, the sufi'ereris a prey to perpetual 
 contests between feelings of modesty and impetu- 
 ous desire. At an after period, she abandons 
 herself to the latter, seeking no longer to restrain 
 them. In the last stage the obscenity is disgust- 
 ing; and the mental alienation, for such it is, 
 becomes complete. The treatment consists in the 
 use of the same means as are required in the sa- 
 tyriasis of man. When the mental alienation is 
 complete, solitude is indispensable. 
 
 NYMPHON'CUS, from wiiipr,, 'the nympha,' 
 and oyKo;, ' a tumour.' A morbid tumefaction of 
 the nymphse. 
 
 NYMPHOT'OMY, NympTiotom'ia, Nynijjha'- 
 rum Sec'tio, from vvjjKprj, 'nympha,' and Tifivciv, 
 ' to cut.' An operation, known and practised for 
 a long time, which consists in the excision of the 
 nymphae. The operation is had recourse to, when 
 they are attacked with scirrhus, cancer, fungus, 
 or gangrene ; or when they are so large as to in- 
 terfere with walking or coition. Nympjhotomy is 
 the circumcision of the female. It is piractised in 
 some countries. 
 
 Some authors have used the term Nympjhotomy 
 for amputation of the clitoris. 
 
 KYPHOZANTHUS VULGAP.IS, K-ymphsea 
 lutea. 
 
 NYSTAG'MUS. A partial rotatory movement 
 of the eyeball from side to side. Also, Coma vigil. 
 
 NYXIS, Puncture. 
 
 0. 
 
 OAK, BLACK, Quercus tinctoria — o. Common, 
 Quercus robur — o. Jerusalem, Chenopodium bo- 
 trys — o. Lungs, Lichen pulmonarius — o. Poison, 
 E-hux toxicodendron — o. Red, Quercus rubra 
 moutana — o. Sea, Fucus vesiculosus — o. Spanish, 
 Quercus rubra montana — o. White, Quercus alba. 
 
 OARIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian. 
 
 OARION, Ovary. 
 
 OARION'CUS, Oariophy'ma, Ova'rium tu'mi- 
 dum. Tumor Ova'rii, from uapiov, 'the ovarium,' 
 and oyKog, ' swelling.' Ovarian tumour. 
 
 OARIOPAREC'TAMA, Oopjhoraux'e, from 
 oapiov, 'ovarium,' and irapeKTeiveiv, 'to extend.' 
 Enlargement of the ovary. 
 
 OARIOP.RHEX'IS, from uaptov, 'ovarium,' 
 and pn^i-s, 'rupture.' Jtuptu'ra Ova'rii. Rupture 
 (if the ovary. 
 
 OARIOT'OMY, Oariotom'ia, Ovariotom'ia, 
 Ocariot'oruy, irom laapiov, 'the ovarium,' and rofxTj, 
 ' incision.' The operation for removing the 
 ovary. 
 
 OARI'TIS, O'dphori'tis, Oori'tis, Inflamma'tio 
 Ovarii, Ovari'tis, (F.) Liflammation de I'Ovaire, 
 from uiuoiov, 'the ovarium^ and ilis, the termina- 
 
 tion denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 ovarium. 
 
 OARIUM, Ovary^ 
 
 OARTHROC'ACE, formed by contraction from 
 omo-arthrocace. Said to be used by Rust to de- 
 signate inflammation of the scapulo-humeral ar- 
 ticular surfaces. — Nysten. 
 
 OATMEAL, see Avena. 
 
 OATS, Avena. 
 
 OBAUDITIO, Baryecoia. 
 
 OBAUDITUS, Baryecoia. 
 
 OBCiECATIO, Cajcitas. 
 
 OBDORMIT"IO, from oh, and dormio, 'to 
 sleep.' The state of the limbs being asleep. StU' 
 por ar'tunm. 
 
 OBDUCTIO, Antopsia cadaverica legalis. 
 
 OBEL^A RAPHE, Sagittal suture. 
 
 OBESITAS, Polysarcia— 0. Colli, Struma adi- 
 posa — 0. Nimia, Pimelosis — o. Viscerum, Phys- 
 conia adiposa. 
 
 OBESITE, Polysarcia. 
 
 OBESITY, Polysarcia. 
 
 OBESUS, Corpulent. 
 
 OBFUSCATIO, Amaurosis. 
 
OBITUS 
 
 605 
 
 OBLITERATIO 
 
 OBITrS, Death. 
 
 OBJECT'IVE CONE. The cone of light pro- 
 ceeding from an object, the apex of which is on 
 the object, and the base on the cornea. 
 
 Objective Sensations, see Sensation. 
 
 OBLINITIO, Inunction. 
 
 OBLIQUE', ObW quits. Any thing inclined, or 
 ■which deviates from the vertical line. Anato- 
 mists have given this name to certain muscles, 
 which have an oblique direction as regards the 
 plane that divides the body into two equal and 
 symmetrical halves. These are : — 
 
 Oblique Muscles of the Abdomen. They 
 are two in number, and distinguished into : 1 
 Obliquus Exter'nus, Ahdom'inis, 0. descen'dens 
 exter'nus, 0. descendens, 0. major, (F.) Hio-puho 
 costo-ahdom' inal, Costo-ahdom' inal (Ch.), Grand 
 ohlique, Oblique externe. One of the broadest 
 muscles of the body. It is situate at the lateral 
 and anterior part of the abdomen ; and is flat and 
 quadrilateral. It is attached, above, to the outer 
 surface and lower edge of the 7 or 8 last ribs : 
 beloic, to the anterior third of the external lip of 
 the crista ilii : before, it terminates at the. linea 
 alba by means of a broad and strong aponeurosis, 
 which covers the rectus, and presents towards its 
 inferior part two very solid fibrous fasciculi, 
 which are inserted, — the one at the symphysis, 
 the other at the spine of the pubis, — under the 
 name of Pillars of the Abdominal Ring. These 
 pillars leave between them an opening, which 
 forms the inferior orifice of the inguinal canal. 
 The obliquus externus abdominis depresses the 
 ribs, and carries them backwards during a strong 
 expiration. It impresses on the chest a move- 
 ment of rotation, and bends the thorax upon the 
 pelvis, and conversely. It contracts, also, the ab- 
 dominal cavity. 2. Obliquus Inter'nus Abdomi- 
 minis, Jil. accli'vis, 0. ascendens, 0. minor, 0. in- 
 ternus, 0. ascendens intermis, (F.) Ilio-lombo-costo- 
 abdominal, Ilio-abdominal (Ch.), Muscle petit 
 oblique ou obliq-ue interne, is broad, especially 
 before ; thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, like 
 the preceding, beneath which it is situate. It is 
 attached, above, to the inferior edge of the carti- 
 lages of the 5th, 4th, 3d, and 2d false ribs ; below, 
 to the anterior two-thirds of the interstice of the 
 crista ilii, to the posterior part of the crural arch, 
 and to the pubis ; behind, to the spinous processes 
 of the last two lumbar vertebree, and to those of 
 the first two portions of the sacrum ; before, to 
 the linea alba. Its upper fibres run obliquely up- 
 wards and forwards ; the middle are horizontal ; 
 and the lower pass obliquely downwards and 
 forwards. 
 
 These last, in the male, are dragged down 
 through the inguinal ring, when the testicle des- 
 cends, and form the two fasciculi of the cremaster. 
 
 The obliquus internus resembles the 0. exter- 
 nus in function. 
 
 Oblique Muscles of the Eye, Amato'rii, Cir- 
 cvmagen'tes, Rotato'res Oc'tdi, are two in number. 
 They are distinguished into : 1. Obliquus Superior 
 Ocelli, Amato'rius mus'culus, Trochlea' ris, Troch- 
 lea'tor, Obliquus major, Circiimductio'nis op'i/ex, 
 Longis'simus oc'uli, (F.) Optico-trochlei scleroti- 
 cien, Grand troehleateur (Ch.), Grand oblique de 
 VwaI, 0. superieur de I'oeil, Amoureux {Muscle,) is 
 situate at the inner and upper part of the orbit. 
 It is small, round, fusiform, and reflected upon 
 itself in the middle of its course. Behind, it is 
 attached to the inside of the foramen opticum ; 
 and when it arrives opposite the internal orbitar 
 process, it becomes a small, round tendon, which 
 slides in a cartilaginous pulley fixed to the os 
 frontis, and is reflected, at an acute angle, to pro- 
 ceed downwards and outwards, and to attach 
 itself to the outer and back part of the globe of 
 
 the eye. This muscle carries the globe of the ey8 
 forwards and inwards; making it exi^erience a 
 movement of rotation, which directs the pupil 
 downwards and inwards. This is conceived to be 
 an involuntary muscle as well as the next. In 
 sleep, according to Sir C. Bell, when the power 
 over the straight or voluntary muscles of the 
 organ is nearly lost, the eye is given up to the 
 oblique muscles, which lodge the transparent cor- 
 nea under the upper eyelid. At the approach of 
 death, the same thing is observable; hence, the 
 turning up of the eye, at such a time, is not an 
 evidence of agony or sufi"ering, but of insensibi- 
 lity. 2. Obli'quus Infe'rior Oc'idi, 0. minor oculi, 
 {¥.) Maxillo-scleroticien, Petit Troehleateur (Ch.), 
 Petit oblique ou oblique inferieur de I'oeil, is situ- 
 ate at the anterior and inferior part of the orbit. 
 It is flat and attached to the inner and anterior 
 part of the orbitar surface of the superior maxil- 
 lary bone, on the outside of the lachrymal gutter; 
 from thence it passes outwards and backwards, 
 and terminates by an aponeurosis, at the poste- 
 rior and inner part of the globe of the eye. It 
 carries the globe of the eye inwards and forwards ; 
 and directs the pupil upwards and outwards. 
 
 Oblique Muscles of the Head. These are 
 two in number. 1. Obliquus Superior Cap'iiis, 
 0. minor capitis, (F.) Trachelo-ntlo'ido-occipital, 
 Atlo'ido-sous-masto'idien (Ch.), Muscle oblique su- 
 perior ou petit oblique de la tete. This muscle is 
 situate at the sides of, and behind, the articula- 
 tion of the head : it is flat and attached, on the 
 one hand, to the top of the transverse process of 
 the atlas ; and, on the other, terminates at the oc- 
 cipital bone, beneath the inferior curved line, and 
 sometimes, also, at the mastoid region of the tem- 
 poral bone. It extends the head, — inclining it 
 to one side. 2. Obliquus Inferior Capitis, Obli- 
 quus major, (F.) Spini-axo'ido-tracheli-atlo'idienf 
 Axo'ido- atloidien (Ch.), Oblique inferieur ou 
 grand oblique de la tete, is situate at the poste- 
 rior part of the neck and head. It is round, fusi- 
 form ; attached to the spinous process of the axis, 
 and proceeds to terminate behind and below the 
 summit of the transverse process of the atlas. It 
 impresses, on the first vertebra and the head, a 
 movement of rotation, which turns the face to one 
 side. 
 
 Oblique Processes, see Vertebrse. 
 
 OBLIQUE EXTERNE, Obliquus externus 
 abdominis — o. Grand, Obliquus externus abdo- 
 minis — o. Grand de I'oeil, Obliquus superior ocu- 
 li — o. Grand de la tete, Obliquus inferior capitis 
 — o. Inferieur de I'oeil, Obliquus inferior oculi — ■ 
 o. Inferieur de la tete, Obliquus inferior capitis — ■ 
 o. Interne, Obliquus internus abdominis — o. Petit, 
 Obliquus internus abdominis — o. Petit de I'ceil, 
 Obliquus inferior oculi — o. Petit de la tSte, Obli- 
 quus superior oculi — o. SupSrieur de I'ceil, Obli- 
 quus superior oculi — o. Superieur de la tete, Obli- 
 quus superior capitis. 
 
 OB LI QUITE BE LA MATRICE, Retrover- 
 sio uteri. 
 
 OBLIQUUS ASCENDENS, 0. internus abdo- 
 minis — 0. Auris, Laxator tympani — o. Descen- 
 dens externus, 0. externus abdominis — o. Major, 
 0. externus abdominis, 0. inferior capitis, 0. su- 
 perior oculi — o. Minor, 0. internus abdominis — 
 0. Minor capitis, 0. superior capitis — o. Minor 
 oculi, 0. inferior oculi. 
 
 OBLIT'ERATED, Oblifera'tus ; from oblite- 
 rare, 'to efface,' {liter ce, 'letters.'?) A vessel or 
 duct is said to be obliterated, when its parietes 
 have approximated and contracted such an adhe- 
 sion to each other that the cavity has completely 
 disappeared. 
 
 OBLITEEATIO COMBLETA, Ilanantisnma. 
 
OBLIVIO 
 
 606 
 
 OCCIPITAL 
 
 OBLIVIO, Amnesia — o. Iners, Lethargy. 
 
 OBLOBIUM, Antilobium. 
 
 OB'OLUS, Onolosat. A weight of 9 or 10 grains. 
 
 OBSCCEN^ PARTES, Genital organs. 
 
 OBSCUROISSEMENT DE LA VUE, Caligo. 
 
 OBSERVA'TION, Observa'tio, (from ob, and 
 Bcrvare, 'to keep/ e. g. in sight.) Tere'sis, Sym- 
 paratere'sis. Act of examining a thing by means 
 of the external senses. This word is employed in 
 several acceptations. It expresses — 1. The action 
 of observing — 2. The aggregate of knowledge, 
 nfforded by observation. In French — but not in 
 English — it means the case or history of the phe- 
 nomena presented by a patient in the course of a 
 
 OBSERVATION', Case — o. Method of, Nu- 
 merical metliod. 
 
 OBSTET'RIC, Obstet' ricns ; same etymon as 
 obstetrics. Relating or appertaining to obstetrics, 
 — as 'obstetric auscultation,' 'obstetric explora- 
 tion,' cfec. 
 
 Obstetric Chaiu, Labour-chair. 
 OBSTETRICANS, Accoucheur. 
 OBSTET'RICS, from Obstetric, 'a midwife.' 
 TokoVogy, Tocol'ogy, Maiei'a, Ilaeei'a, Maei'a, 
 Maeeu'tica ars, Ars obstetric" ia, Obstot'ricy, (F.) 
 Obste'trique. The art of midwifery. Midwifery 
 in general. 
 
 OBSTETRICY, Obstetrics. 
 OBSTETRIQUE, Obstetrics. 
 OBSTBTRIX, Midwife. 
 
 OBSTIPATIO, Constipation — o. Tenesmus, 
 Tenesmus. 
 
 Obstipatio, see Hump. 
 
 OBSTIPITAS, Torticollis— 0. Capitis seu Colli, 
 Torticollis. 
 
 OBSTRUCTIO, Emphraxis, Stegnosis— o. Al- 
 vi, Constipation — o. Ductfls Alimentarii, Consti- 
 pation — o. Ductus Stenoniani, Stenostenosis — 
 0. Intestinalis, Constipation — o. Recti Spastica, 
 Stricture of the Rectum, spasmodic — o. Pulmo- 
 num pituitosa febrilis, Peripneumonia notha. 
 
 OBSTRUCTION OF THE INTESTINES. 
 Enteremphraxis. 
 
 OB'STRUENS, from ohstruo, (ob, and struere, 
 'to build,') 'I stop up by building against.' O/j- 
 pilati'vus. A medicine which closes the orifices 
 of ducts or vessels. 
 
 OBSTUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics. 
 OBTONDANT, Obtundens. 
 OBTUMESCENTIA, Mutitas. 
 OBTUN'DENS, (F.) Obtondant, from oltnn- 
 dere (ob and tundere, ' to beat,') ' to beat against,' 
 and therefore to blunt the edge. An epithet 
 applied to remedies that were supposed, accord- 
 ing to an erroneous theory, to be possessed of the 
 power of blunting the acrimony of the humours. 
 A demulcent is one of these. 
 
 OBTURAMENTUM, Emphragma. 
 OBTURATEUR BU PALAIS, Palate, arti- 
 ficial. 
 
 OBTURATIO, Emphraxis. 
 OBTURA'TOR, Obturato'rius, (F.) Obturatetir, 
 from obturare, ' to close,' ' stop up tlie entrance.' 
 A name given to several parts. 
 
 Obtt;rato;r. Artebt, Arteria ohtiirato'ria, A. 
 ohturatrix, (F.) Sotis-piibio femorale (Ch.), Artere 
 obturatrice, arises, most commonly, from the hy- 
 pogastric. It is, however, frequently given off 
 iVom the epigastric ; a matter of importance to be 
 determined in cases of femoral hernia. Of 600 
 obturator arteries examined by Mr. J. Cloquet, 
 34S were furnished by the hypogastric, and 152 
 by the epigastric or crural. When it arises from 
 thehypogastric, it passes forwards and outwards, 
 and then turns horizontally into the cavity of the 
 pelvis, to ibsue from this cavity by the opening 
 Uft at the upper part of the obturator mexrbrane. 
 
 "When, on the contrary, the obturator artery 
 arises from the epigastric or the crural, it de- 
 scends obliquely inwardfi, behind the os pubis, 
 to the obturator foramen. At its exit from the 
 pelvis, the artery divides into two branches, a 
 posterior and an anterior, which are distributed 
 to the muscles of the anterior and superior part 
 of the thigh. 
 
 Obtura'tor Fora'men, Fora'men Obtvrato'- 
 riam, F. ii^fra-pubia'num, Fora'men ovale, F. thy- 
 ro'ideuw, F. ThyroVdes, F. Amplum Pelvis, (F.) 
 Trou sous-pubien. A large opening, of an oval 
 or triangular form, in the anterior part of the os 
 innominatum, on the outside of the symphysis 
 pubis and beneath the horizontal ramus of the 
 OS pubis. This foramen is closed by a membra- 
 nous ligament. 
 
 Obturator Ligament or Membrane, Sub- 
 pubic membrane, is a fibrous membrane, fixed to 
 the whole circumference of the obturator fora- 
 men, except above, where an opening remains for 
 the passage of the vessels and nerves of the same 
 name. 
 
 Obturator Muscles, Obturato'res, Botato'rea 
 fem'oris. These are two in number. They are 
 divided into 
 
 a. Obturator Exter'nus, Extra-pelvio-puh'-tro- 
 chanterien, Sous-pubio-trochanterien exierne (Ch.) 
 A muscle, situate at the anterior and inner part 
 of the thigh. It is broad, flat, and triangular; 
 and is attached, on the one hand, to the anterior 
 surface of the os pubis, to that of the ischium, 
 and to the anterior surface of the obturator liga- 
 ment. Its fleshy fibres converge to the tendon, 
 which proceeds to be inserted at the inferior part 
 of the cavity of the great trochanter. This mus- 
 cle rotates the thigh outwards. 
 
 h. Obturator Inter'nus, Marsiipia'lis, Bnrsa'lia, 
 Intra-pelvio-trochanterien, Sous-pubio-trochante- 
 rien interne (Ch.) is seated, almost entirely, in the 
 pelvis. It arises from the inner surface of the 
 obturator ligament, and from the posterior part 
 of the circumference of the obturator foramen, 
 and is inserted, by means of a strong tendon, 
 running between the two portions of the gemini, 
 into the cavity at the root of the great trochan- 
 ter ; after having turned upon the ischium, which, 
 forms for it a kind of pulley. This muscle also 
 rotates the thigh outwards. 
 
 Obturator Nerve, Sous-puhio-femoral, (Ch.), 
 proceeds principally from the 2d and Sd lumbar 
 nerves. It descends into the pelvis; gains the 
 obturator foramen ; gives branches to the obtu- 
 rator muscles, and divides, behind the adductor 
 primus and pectinalis, into two branches; one 
 anterior, whose branches are distributed to the 
 first two adductors, gracilis, and integuments ; 
 the other, posterior, distributing its ramifications 
 to the obturator externus and third adductor. 
 
 Obturator Vein has, ordinarily, the same ar- 
 rangement as the artery. It is common, however, 
 to find it arising from the epigastric ; whilst the 
 corresponding artery proceeds from thehypogas- 
 tric, and conversely. 
 
 OBTURATORES, Obturator muscles. 
 OBVOLVENTIA, Demulcents. 
 OCA, Oxalis tuberosa. 
 OCCiECATIO, Ca)citas. 
 
 OCCIP'ITAL, Occipita'lis. That which be- 
 longs to the occiput. 
 
 Occipital Artery. This arises from the pos- 
 terior part of the external carotid, beneath the 
 parotid. It proceeds backwards, passes between 
 the mastoid process and the transverse process 
 of the atlas; reaches the occipital bone and di- 
 vides into two branches, which may be railed 
 ascending posterior and anterior, and are distri- 
 buted to the neighbouring muscles and ligaments. 
 
OCCIPITIUM 
 
 607 
 
 OCIMUM 
 
 Uccip'itatj Bone, Os occip'ltis seu occiph'ii seu 
 occipita'le, Od sphmno hasila' re, Os memo'r'icB, Os 
 nervo'sum, Os basila'i-e, Os prorce, Os pyx'idis SQW 
 eextum cra'nii seu lambdoi'des seu lambda sexi 
 laudcs sen pvppis seu nervo'sum sen fibro'sum seu 
 peltticepJiaU ieum, (F.) Os occipital, is situate at 
 the posterior and inferior part of the cranium, 
 ■which it assists in forming. It is flat, symmetri- 
 cal, and curved upon itself. It presents, 1. An 
 occipital or posterior surface, which is convex, 
 and has, upon the median line, the basilary sur- 
 face, the foramen magnum, through which passes 
 the spinal marrow with its membranes and ves- 
 sels, — the external occipital crest, the external oc- 
 cipital protuierance ; and, at the sides, the u2'>2Jer 
 curved line, large rough arched ridge or transverse 
 arch or linea semicircularis, the lower cvrved line, 
 the posterior condyloid fosscB, the condyles for the 
 articulation of this bone with the atlas ; and the 
 anterior condyloid fosscB, pierced by a foramen 
 for the passage of the ninth pair of nerves. 2. A 
 cerebral or ante^-ior surface. On the median line 
 are: the basilary fosses, the inner orifice of the 
 foramen magnum, the internal occipital crest, the 
 internal occipital protuberance, the cruciform 
 spine; a c7ian?ie?, which lodges the termination 
 of the straight sinus, and on each side, the occi- 
 pital fossas distinguished into superior or cere- 
 bral, and inferior or eerebellous, and separated by 
 a groove which lodges the lateral sinus. 3. The 
 Burfaces of the occipital bone are separated by 
 four ridges and four angles. The two superior 
 edges are articulated with the parietal bones; the 
 two lower join the temporal; and the anterior 
 angle, under the name basilary pirocess, is united 
 to the sphenoid. 
 
 The occipital bone is developed from four 
 points of ossification; and sometimes from a 
 greater number. 
 
 Occipital Muscle, Occipita'Us. Many ana- 
 tomists have given this name to the posterior 
 fasciculus of the occipito-frontalis. 
 
 Occipital Nerve, Sub-occipital ricrve, (F.) 
 Premiere paire trachelienne (Ch.), Nerf occipital 
 ou sous occipital. It arises from the upper part 
 of the spinal marrow by eight or ten filaments, 
 united in two fasciculi. Thus formed, it passes 
 between the foramen magnum and the posterior 
 arch of the atlas ; and, at this place, forms a long 
 ganglion, afterwards dividing into two branches. 
 Of these, the anterior, which is long and small, 
 makes a turn above the transverse process of the 
 atlas, and forms an anastomotic noose with a 
 branch of the second cervical nerve. The poste- 
 rior branch, larger and shorter, divides into seven 
 or eight branches, which are distributed to the 
 muscles of the upper and back part of the neck. 
 
 Occipital Region, Occiput. 
 
 Occipital Vein. Its roots follow exactly the 
 course of the branches of the artery, and unite 
 into a single trunk, which opens into the internal 
 jugular vein, and sometimes into the external. 
 
 OCCIPITIUM, Occiput. 
 
 OCCIP'ITO - A T ' L 1 D, Occipito - atloideus, 
 (F.) Occipito-atlo'idien. That which has refer- 
 ence to the occiput and atlas. 
 
 Occipito-Atloid Abticulation is the articu- 
 lation of the condyles of the occipital bone with 
 the superior articular cavities of the atlas. It is 
 strengthened by two ligaments; the one anterior, 
 the other posterior, called occipito-atloid liga- 
 ments.: the one extends from the anterior, the 
 other from the posterior, arch of the atlas, to the 
 corresponding portion of the circumference of the 
 foramen magnum. 
 
 OCCIP'ITO-AX'OID, Occipito-axoideus, (F.) 
 Oceipito-iixoidien. That which relates tc the 
 occipital bone and the axis or second vertebra. 
 
 OcciPiTO-Axom Articulation is the connex- 
 ion of the occipital bone with the axis or second 
 vertebra, although these bones are not really ar- 
 ticulated, but are merely retained in apposition 
 by three strong ligaments, the posterior of which 
 is called the occipito-axoid, and the two others 
 odontoid. 
 
 OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LIS, Digas'tricus cra'- 
 nii, Epicra'niiis, Fronta'lis ct occipitalis. The 
 mfijority of anatomists call by this name the 
 whole of the fleshy plane, with the epicranial or 
 coronal aponeurosis, (see Calotte,) which covers 
 the head from the occiput to the forehead. It is 
 attached, by its posterior fasciculus, to the two 
 outer thirds of the upper curved line of the occi- 
 pital bone, and to the outer surface of tne mas- 
 toid portion of the temporal ; and, by its anterior 
 fasciculus, it terminates at the eyebrow, where it 
 becomes confounded with the supereiliaris, pyra- 
 midalis nasi, and orbicularis palpebrarum. 
 
 The occipito-frontalis, by the contraction of its 
 anterior fasciculus, draws forward a part of the 
 integuments of the cranium. It wrinkles the 
 skin of the forehead transversely, and may, also 
 contribute to open the eye by its decussation with 
 the orbicularis palpebrarum. The posterior fas- 
 ciculus of the muscle draws backwards a part of 
 the skin of the cranium, and assists in stretching 
 the common aj>oneurosis. 
 
 OCCIP'ITO-MENINGE'AL. That which be- 
 longs to the occijiital bone, and to the meninge 
 or dura mater. 
 
 OcciPiTO-MENiNGEAL Arteky, in Chaussier's 
 nomenclature, is a branch of the vertebral, given 
 off to the dura mater at its entrance into the 
 cranium. 
 
 OCCIPUT, Oceipit'ium, Regio occipita'lis. In' 
 ion, from ob, and caput, Opisthocrc('niu?n, Opis- 
 thoceph'alon, Prora, Occipi'tium. The back part 
 of the head, formed by the occipital bone. 
 
 Occiput, Soft, Craniotabes. 
 
 OCCLU'SION, Occhi'sio, 3fyce, from occhi- 
 dere, ' to shut up.' Sometimes this word signi- 
 fies, simply, the transient approximation of the 
 edges of a natural opening — the occlusion of the 
 eyelids, for example; at others it is synonymous 
 with imperforation, as occlusion of the pupil, 
 vagina, &o. 
 
 OCCULT DISEASES, see Latent. 
 
 OCHEMA, Vehicle. 
 
 OCHETEUMATA, Nares. 
 
 OCHETOS, CanaL 
 
 OCHEUS, Scrotum. 
 
 OCHLE'SIS, from ox>^o<;, 'a, crowd.' A term, 
 applied by Dr. George Gregory to a morbid &on- 
 dition induced by the crowding together of sick 
 persons under one roof. 
 
 OCHREA RUBRA, Heematites. 
 
 OCHRIASIS, Paleness, 
 
 OCHROMA, Paleness. 
 
 OCHROPYRA, Fever, yellow, 
 
 OCHROTES, Paleness. 
 
 OCHROTYPHUS, Fever, yellow. 
 
 OCHTHODES, Callous. 
 
 OCIJIUM ADSCENDENS, 0. Basilicum. 
 
 Oci'mum Basil'icum, 0. adscen'dens seu piio 
 Slim seu racemo'sum, Basil'icum, Beren'daros, 
 Basil'iciim majus, B.citra'tuw, Oci'mum citra'tnm, 
 Common or Citroji basil, (F.) Basilic commv.n. 
 Nat. Ord. Labiatffi. Sex. Syst. Did3'namia Gym- 
 nospermia. This herb has a fragrant odour ancl 
 aromatic taste. It is used as a condiment, an(j 
 has been supposed to possess nervine properties. 
 
 OcutUM Caryophylla'tum, 0. min'i.mnm, 
 Smcdl or Bush basil. Possesses properties similar 
 to the former. It is sometimes used as snuff. 
 
 OciMUJr CiTRATUM, 0. Basilicum — o. Pilosura^ 
 0. Basilicum — o. Racfirao?um, 0. Basilicum. 
 
OCOTEA 
 
 60S 
 
 ODONTOLITHOS 
 
 OCOTEA PICHURIX, see Pichnrim beans. 
 
 OCREA, Hippocampus minor, Shin. 
 
 OCTA'XA, Hebdomada'ria, Febn's heldoma- 
 da'ria, from octo, ' eight.' A fever whose parox- 
 ysms recur every week. A supposititious case. 
 
 OGTA'RIUS. The eighth part of a wine-gal- 
 gallon. It contains sixteen fluidounees, (Ph. U. 
 S.) to 20 fluidounces imperial measure. 
 
 OCTOPUS, Synapheocephalus, Hemipages. 
 
 OCTUNX. A weight of eight ounces. 
 
 OCULAR, Ocula'ris; from ocuhis, 'at eye.' 
 Of or belonging to the eye. 
 
 Ocular Coxe. The cone formed within the 
 eye by a pencil of rays proceeding from an ob- 
 ject; the base of the cone being on the cornea, 
 — the apex on the retina. 
 
 OCULARES COMMUNES, Motores oculorum 
 — 0. Denies, Canine teeth. 
 
 OCULAPlIA, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 
 OCULI MARMARTGODES, Metamorpbop- 
 sia — 0. Palpebrarum scabies pruriginosa, Oph- 
 thalmia tarsi. 
 
 OCULIST, Oculis'ta, Ophthalmia'ter, Ifed'icus 
 oeula'vius. One who occupies himself, chiefly, 
 with the manasement of diseases of the eye. 
 
 OCULISTIQUE, Ophthalmology. 
 
 OCULO-MUSCULAR NERVES, COMMON, 
 Motores oculorum. 
 
 OCULUM MOVEXS PRIMUS, Rectus inter- 
 nus oculi — o. Movens quartus, Rectus inferior 
 oculi — 0. Movens secundus. Rectus externus oculi 
 — 0. Movens tertius, Rectus superior oculi. 
 
 OCULUS, Eye— o. Bovinus, Hydrophthalmia 
 
 — 0. Bovis, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum — o. 
 Bubulus, Hydrophthalmia — o. Casius, Glaucoma 
 
 — o. Duplex, Binoculus — o. Elephantinus, Hy- 
 drophthalmia — 0. Genu, Patella — o. Lacrymans, 
 Epiphora — o. Purulentus, Hypopyon — o. Sim- 
 plex, see Monoeulus — o. Typhonis, Scilla. 
 
 OCYMUM, see Ocimum — o. Sylvestre, Cliao- 
 podium vulsrare. 
 
 OCYODYNIC, Ocytocie. 
 
 OCYPH'ONUS, from okv^, 'quick,' and fhovo^, 
 'murder.' An agent that kills speedily. 
 
 OCYTOCEUS, Ocytocie. 
 
 OCYTOC'IC, Oxytocic, Ocytoc'eus, Ocytoc'iw, 
 Ocyt'ucus, Ocyody'nic, Odinayo'gus, from ofuj, 
 ' quick,' and toko;, 'laboui-.' Any thing that ex- 
 pedites parturition. 
 
 OCYTOCIUS, Ocytocie. 
 
 OCYTOCUS, Ocytocie. 
 
 ODAXIS'MUS, Odaxes'mus, Odontocne'sis, 
 Odontocnesmm, from oi5ouj, 'a tooth.' The pain- 
 ful itching of the gums which precedes the ap- 
 pearance of the teeth. Dentition. 
 
 ODES. A suffix, see Eidos. 
 
 ODEUR, Odour. 
 
 UDIN, Pains, (labour.) 
 
 ODINAGOGUS, Ocytocie. 
 
 ODINOL'YSIS, from ohv, ' labour pains,' and 
 Xv(7is-, ' solution.' Mitigation of labour pains. 
 
 ODIXOPffi'A, from oiiv, 'labour pains,' and 
 TTOttu, 'I make.' Agents that encourage labour 
 pains. 
 
 ODIS, Pains, labour. 
 
 ODME, Odour. 
 
 ODONTAGOGON, Dentagra. 
 
 ODON'TAGRA, from oSov;, 'a tooth,' and aypa, 
 'a seizure.' A rheumatic or gouty pain in the 
 teeth. Dentagra. 
 
 ODONTAL'GIA, from oiov;, 'a tooth,' and 
 aAyoi, 'pain.' Odon'tia, Ben'tium dolor, Tnolh- 
 nch, Odon'tia doloro'sa, Gomphi'asis, Goviphiaa'- 
 v.us, Odontodyn'ia, (F.) Bouleur des dents, Flu.c- 
 ton ear lea dents, Mai de dent, Med d'aniour. A 
 disease dependent upon a variety of causes affect- 
 
 ing the cavity of the tooth ; but generally o-wing 
 to caries, which exposes the cavity to the action 
 of the air, and to extraneous matters in general. 
 Hence, the treatment consists in plugging the 
 tooth, or destroying the sensibility of the nerve, 
 by powerful stimulants ; and, if these means fail, 
 in extracting the tooth. 
 
 Odontalgia Cariosa, Dental gangrene — o. 
 Dentitionis, Dentition — o. Hajmodia, Hasmodia, 
 
 Odontalgia Nervosa, Neural'gia Uenta'lis. 
 Neuralgia of the teeth. Characterized by pe- 
 riodical pain, shooting with the utmost violence 
 alocg the branches of the fifth pair distributed to 
 the affected jaw. 
 
 Odontalgia Remittens et Intermittens, 
 Neuralgia infra- orbitaria. 
 
 ODONTALGIC, Anti-odontalgic. 
 
 ODONTAMBLYOGMUS, Hremodia. 
 
 ODONTHiEMODIA, Hsemodia. 
 
 ODONTHARPAGA, Dentagra. 
 
 ODONTHYPERiESTHESIS, Hsemodia. 
 
 ODONTIA, Odontalgia. 
 
 Odontia Defor'mis. Deformity of the teeth 
 from error or shape, position, or number. — Good, 
 
 Odontia Dentitionis LACTANTinw, see Denti- 
 tion (first) — 0. Dentitionis puerilis, see Dentition 
 (second) — o. Edentula, see Nefrendes — o. Ex- 
 crescens. Epulis — o. Incrustans, Odontolithos-- 
 0. Stuporis, Hsemodia. 
 
 ODONTIASIS, Dentition. 
 
 ODONTIATER, Dentist. 
 
 ODONTI ATRIA, Dentistry. 
 
 ODONTIC, Anti-odontalgic. 
 
 ODONTI'TIS, Odontophley'mone, from oiov?, 
 'a tooth,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOBOTHRI'TIS, OdontopJiatni'iis, In^ 
 Jiajnma'tio alveolo'rum, from odontohothrium, 
 'alveolus,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the alveoli. 
 
 ODONTOBOTHRIUM, Alveolus. 
 
 ODONTOCLA'SIS, from ocovg, 'a tooth,' and 
 KXaaiq, 'fracture;' Fractu'ra den'tia. Fracture 
 of a tooth. 
 
 ODONTOCNESIS, Odaxismus. 
 
 ODONTOCNESMUS, Odaxismus. 
 
 ODONTODES, Odontoid. 
 
 ODONTODYNIA, Odontalgia. 
 
 ODONTOG"ENY, Odontogen'ia; from ohovg, 
 ohovTOi. ' a tooth,' and ytvzcLs, ' generation.' Ge- 
 neration or mode of development of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOGLYPHON, Dentiscalpium, Gum 
 lancet. 
 
 ODONTOGLYPHUM, Dentiscalpium, Gum 
 lancet. ^^ 
 
 ODONTOG'RAPHY, Odontograph' ia, from 
 ubovs, 'a tooth,' and ypaipri, 'a description.' A 
 description of the teeth. 
 
 ODON'TOID, OdontoVdes, Odonto'dea, Devti- 
 form'ii, Benta'lis, Dentoidens, PyrenoV dee, from 
 o&ovi, 'a tooth,' and tibog, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' 
 This epithet is given to the Processus dentatus of 
 the second vertebra or axis. 
 
 Odontoid Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments odo>- 
 to'idiens, are two strong and short conical fasci- 
 culi, whose truncated summits embrace the sides 
 of the odontoid process, and whose bases are fixed 
 in the fossa3 at the inner side of the condyles of 
 the occipital bone. Their direction is obliquely 
 outwards and slightly upwards. They enter into 
 the composition of the occipito-axoid articuhv- 
 tion ; strengthen the junction of the head with 
 the vertebral column, and limit the movement of 
 rotation of the atlas on the axis. 
 
 ODONTOL'ITHOS, from o^ouj, 'a tooth,' and 
 Xi-Sof. ' a stone.' A sort of incrustation, of a yel- 
 lowish colour, which forms at the base of the 
 teeth, and is called Tartar, Tar'tarus Bentium, 
 
ODONTOLOGY 
 
 609 
 
 (BILLET 
 
 Odon'tia incnis'tans, Cal'eulus denta'lis, (F.) 
 Tartre des Bents. It consists of seventy-nine 
 parts of phosphate of lime : twelve and a half of 
 inueus; one of a particular salivary matter, and 
 seven and a half of animal substance, soluble in 
 chlorohydric acid. Infusoria have been found 
 in it. 
 
 ODO^^'TOL'OGT, Odontolog"ia, from oeovg,^ 'a 
 tooth,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' An anatomical 
 treatise of the teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOXECROSIS, Dental gangrene. 
 
 ODONTOPARALLAX'IS, from o^ou?/ a tooth,' 
 and rapuXXafi;, 'deviation.' Irregularity and ob- 
 liquity of the teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOPHATXE, Alveolus. 
 
 ODOXTOPHATXITIS, Odontobothritis. 
 
 ODOXTOPHYIA, Dentition. 
 
 ODONTOPE.ISIS, Brvgmus, Stridor dentium. 
 
 ODOXTOSEI'SIS, Odontoseis'mus, Den'tium 
 rrrcillan'tia. Looseness of the teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOSEISIVIUS, Odontoseisis. 
 
 0D0XT03MEGMA. Dentifrice. 
 
 ODOXTOSPHACELISIS, Dental gangrene. 
 
 0D0XT0SPHACELISMU3, Dental gangrene. 
 
 ODOXTOSTEPtE'SIS, from oiov;, 'a tooth,' 
 and GTtpriais, 'privation.' Loss of the teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOSYXEEISMUS, from oiov;, 'a tooth/ 
 and a-vvepi'^tiv, 'to strike together.' (F.) Chique- 
 ment. Chattering of the teeth. 
 
 ODOXTOTECnXY, Dentistrv. 
 
 ODOXTOTHERAPIA, Dentistry. 
 
 ODOXTOTRIMMA, Dentifrice. 
 
 ODORAMEXTUM, Odoriferum. 
 
 ODOR AT, Olfaction. 
 ■ ODORATIO, Olfaction. 
 
 ODORATUS, Olfaction — 0. Deperditus, Anos- 
 mia. 
 
 ODORIF'ERUM, from odor, 'odour,' Bud fero, 
 'I carry;' Odoramen'twn. A medicine that gives 
 odour or flavour. A scent. A perfume. 
 
 ODOS, Way. 
 
 O'DOUR, Odor, Odme, Osme, (F.) Odeur. A 
 <me]l. Odours are subtle particles, constantly 
 escaping from the surface of certain bodies. 
 They act, in some manner, by actual contact 
 with the nerves of the Schneiderian membrane, 
 and give occasion to the sense of smell or olfac- 
 tion. 
 
 ODOUS^ Teeth. 
 
 OD'YXE, oSvvrj, 'pain,' Dolor, Odi/ne'ma. A 
 very common suflis to words ; as in Pleurodyne. 
 
 ODYNEMA, Odyne. 
 
 ffiCOXOMIA, Economy — (B. Animalis, Phy- 
 siology. 
 
 (EDALICUS, (Edematous. 
 
 (EDALIUS, (Edematous. 
 
 (EDE'MA, from oidcw, 'I am swollen.' ITi/- 
 drun'cua, CEdemat'ia, ITifderon'ois, Hydafon'cus, 
 Hydrooade'ma, Hydrede'ma, Hydrops ceUula'ris 
 ar'tuum, Phlegma'tia, LeucojMerjma' tia, Ecphy'- 
 nnioedemat'icum, (F.) CEdime, QSdematie, Enjlnre. 
 Swelling produced hj the accumulation of a se- 
 rous fluid in the interstices of the areolar texture. 
 This swelling is soft; yields under the finger; 
 preserves the impression for some time, and is 
 pale and without pain. It presents the same 
 characters as anasarca, which is general cedema. 
 Its etiology and treatment are also the same. 
 See Anasarca. 
 
 (Edema AcuTirat, see Anasarca. 
 
 (Edema Arsenica'lis. The swelling of the 
 eyelids and face, induced by continued use of the 
 preparations of arsenic. 
 
 (Edema Calidum, see Anasarca — ce. Capitis, 
 Hydrocephalus externus. 
 
 CEde'ma Cer'ebri, (F.) (Ed^me da cerveau. 
 G'idema of the brain. A condition of the cerebral 
 39 
 
 pulp, in which there is an infiltration of serous 
 fluid into it, so that it appears more moist or wa- 
 tery than common; and, when sliced or pressed, 
 small drops of water are seen to ooze out. 
 
 (Edema, Compact, Induration of the cellular 
 tissue — ce. Cruentum, Suggillation — ce. Febrile, 
 see Anasarca — oe. Fugax, AnatLymiasis — oe. 
 Hystericum, Anathymiasis. 
 
 (Edema of the Glottis, (Edem'atov.s Laryn- 
 gi'tis, L. subnhico'sa sou cedemato'sa seu sero- 
 2}urtilcn'ta, QSde'ma glot'tidis, Hydrops fdot'tidis, 
 Angi'na aquo'sa, A. larynge'a ademato' sa, Sub- 
 mu'coua Laryngi'tis, GEdem'atons angi'na, (F.) 
 Laryngite cedemateuse, L. cede/nateiise et sero-pu- 
 rulente, L. susglottique, L. soua-muqueuse, Angine 
 laryngee cedemateuse, QSdeme de la glotfe. A 
 disease consisting of serous or sero-purulent in- 
 filtration into the submucous tissue of the glottis. 
 The symptoms resemble those of croup; but the 
 disease attacks the adult rather than the child. 
 The age is, indeed, a principal means of diagnosia 
 between the two affections. 
 
 The disease is almost alwaj-s fatal. The treat- 
 ment has to vary according to the accompanying 
 general symptoms. 
 
 (Edema Lacteum, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 (Edema of the Lungs, (Ede'tnn pulmo'nvm, 
 Pneumoch'ysis, Pneumonade'ma, Hydrops Pul- 
 mo'num, Hydropineumo'iua, Anasar'ca Pidmo'- 
 num, (F.) (Edhne du poumon. Laennee has so 
 called the infiltration of serum into the tissue of 
 the lung, carried to such an extent as to diminish 
 its permeabOity to air. It is not an uncommon 
 sequela of pneumonia, and the major exanthe- 
 mata. The respiration is laborious; the respira- 
 tory murmur scarcely perceptible, although the 
 thorax is largely expanded, and there is a slight 
 role crepitant, particularly at the base and infe- 
 rior part of the lung. The sound on percussion 
 is clear, and on both sides equally so. The congh 
 is attended with aqueous expectoration. In some 
 eases the respiration becomes puerile in a small 
 portion of the summit of the lung. 
 
 (Edema Xeoxatorum, Induration of the cellu- 
 lar tissue — oe. Palpebrarum, Hj'droblcpharon — 
 oe. Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens — a?. Pulmo- 
 num, (Edema of the lungs — oe. Pulmonum chro- 
 niciim, Ilydropneumonia — ce. Scroti ac|uosum, 
 Oschych-cedema — oe. Scroti cruentum, (Escha?ma- 
 tcedema — oe. Scroti purulentum, Oscheopyosdema 
 — ce. Scroti urinosuni. Urocele — oe. Spasticum, 
 Anathvmiasis — oe. Uvulse, Staph vloedema. 
 
 (EDEMATIA, (Edema. 
 
 (EDEMA TIE, (Edema. 
 
 (EDEMATOSARCA. CEdemosnrea. 
 
 (EDEMATOSCHEOCE'LE, aMcmosclieoce'le, 
 Osciteocc'Je cedemat' ica. Oscheocele with oedema 
 of the seriitum. 
 
 (EDEM'ATOUS, (Edemato'am, CEdevwt'icua, 
 CEdemaio' des, (Edal'iua, (Edal'icus, Edem'atoue. 
 Affected with oedema. 
 
 (EBEME, (Edema — ce. dii Cerveav, (Edema 
 cerebri — oe. Douloureux dea femmes en couche, 
 Phlegmatia dolens — cb. dea Nouvellea accouchcea, 
 Phlegmatia dolens — o?. actif des 2\ouvelles ac- 
 concheea, Phlegmatia dolens — ce. de la Gloite, 
 (Edema of the glottis — oe. de la G'lottc, Angina 
 cedematosa — oe. du Tissu cellulaire dea nonvean- 
 nea. Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 (EDEMOSAR'CA, (Edematoaar'ca. A species 
 of tumour mentioned by M. A. Severinus, which 
 holds a. middle place between oedema and sarcoma. 
 
 (EDJ2M0SCHE0CELE, (Edematoscheocele. 
 
 CEIL, Eye— ce. de Bcsvf, Anthemis tinctoria — 
 <B. Double, Binoculus — ce. de Lilvre, Lagophthai- 
 mus — ce. Siviple, see Monoculus. 
 
 (EILLET GIROFLEE, Dianthus caryophyl 
 lus. 
 
(EILLIERE 
 
 610 
 
 (ESTRUS 
 
 OUTLLli^RE, Scaphium oetilare. 1 
 
 (ENAN'THE, (E. croca'ta, (E. cJicBropJii/l'H 
 fo'liis, Hemlock dropwort, Hemloch lonter-drop- 
 ncort. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferse. Sex. Si/st. Pen- 
 tandria Digynia. A violent poison of the acro- 
 narcotic class. Its juice has been recommended 
 ill certain cutaneous diseases ; but it is scarcely 
 ever used. It is employed in fomentations. 
 
 ffiNAJTTHB Aqdatica, Phellandrium aquaticum 
 — ce. Phellandrium, Phellandrium aquaticum — oe. 
 Striata rigida, Seseli tortuosum. 
 
 ffiNELJi'ON, from oivo;, 'wine,' and cXaiov, 
 ' oil.' A mixture of oil and wine. — Galen. Also, 
 rectified spirit or alcohol. 
 
 Q3N0G'ALA, oivoyaXa, from oivos, 'wine,' and 
 yaXa, ' milk,' — ' a mixture of wine and milk.' 
 According to some, wine as warm as new milk. 
 
 (ENOQ'ARON, Garum vino mietum. Wine 
 mixed with garum. — Aetius. 
 
 (ENOIDES, Vinous. 
 
 (ENOMA'NIA, Oinoma'nia, from otvog, 'wine,' 
 and mania. Delirium tremens. Properly, wine- 
 mania. An insatiable desire for intoxicating 
 li((uors. 
 
 (E'N02fEL, (Eiiom'eli, from oivog, 'wine,' and 
 ueAi, 'honey.' Mel vino' sum, Mulsiun Vino' sum. 
 Honey wine. Wine mead. 
 
 (ENOPHLYGIA, Temulentia. 
 
 (ENOPHLYXIS, Temulentia. 
 
 GINOS, Wine. 
 
 Q3N0STAGMA, Spiritus vini rectificatus. 
 
 (ENOTHE'PtA BIEN'NIS, ffi^. Mollis' sima seu 
 muriea'ta sen c/auro'i'des, On'agra, Evening Prim- 
 rose, Tree Primrose, Primrose tree, Cure-all, 
 Scahi-sh. An indigenous plant, common on the 
 borders of fields, and in natural hedges. Sex. 
 Syst. Octandria Monogynia. Its properties are 
 mucilaginous and slightly acrid. A decoction 
 has been used in cases of infantile and other 
 eruptions. 
 
 (Enothera Gatjeoides, 0. biennis — ce. Muri- 
 cata, 0. biennis. 
 
 (ESOPHAGE 'AL, CEsopTiaga'us, (F.) (Eso- 
 pJiagien. Pielating or belonging to the oesopha- 
 gus. 
 
 CESOPHAGEAL Ap'eRTUKE OF THE Dl'APHRAGJf, 
 (F.) Ouverture oesop7iagie7ine du diaphragme. An 
 opening in the diajjhragm for the passage of the 
 oesophagus. 
 
 (Esophageal Aperture of the STOJfACH. A 
 name given to the superior or cardiac orifice of 
 the stomach, to distinguish it from the inferior or 
 pyloric. 
 
 Esophageal Muscle, (EsopTiagm'its. Some 
 anatonJists have given this name to the transverse 
 muscular fibres which surround the oesophagus 
 at its upper extremity. 
 
 ffisoPHAGEAL TuBE, 366 Tube, oesophageal. 
 
 (ESOPHAGEURYS'MA, (Esoph'agus succen- 
 Utria'tus, from oi(TO(payo;, 'the OBSophagus,' and 
 evfivn/xa, ' dilatation.' Dilatation of the oesopha- 
 gus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGIALGIA, (Esophagismus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGIARCTIA, Dysphagia constricta. 
 
 (ESOPHAGIEN, (muscle,) Constrictor oeso- 
 phagi. 
 
 (ES0PHAGIS'MUS,ffi'8opAn^i«'?WMm. A name 
 given by Vogel to spasm of the oesophagus, Dya- 
 pha'gia spasmod'ica, D. Spns'tica, (Esophago- 
 tpasni'its, D. Nervo'sn, Stricfu'ra wsoph'atji spns- 
 Vtod'ica, (Eiophngial'gia, Tenes'mua Gidm, (F.) 
 Te.nesne de V oeaophage. By some used synony- 
 mou>-l3- with oesophagitis, dysphagia, and cou- 
 trnetion of :he oesophagus. 
 
 (ESOPIIAGI'TIS, Angi'na cesophngm'a, Ci/- 
 'tvn'iiie ojsophn,jci''a, Dysphd'aia injlammaio'ria, 
 
 Inflamma'tio oesoph'agi, T. GidcB, (F.) Apgine 
 oesophagienne. Inflammation of the oesophagus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGODYN'IA, from oico<payog, 'the 
 oesophagus,' and oSwrj, 'pain.' Pain in the oeso- 
 phagus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGOPATHI'A, Jforhus (Esoph'ogi, 
 from oiao^ayos, ' the oesophagus,' and nadog, 
 ' disease.' A morbid condition of the oesopha-- 
 gus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGOPLE'GIA, Bysjiha'gia paralyt- 
 ica, Lamopjaraly' ais, from oiao<payos, ' the oeso- 
 phagus,' and 7rAr;yi7, ' a stroke.' Paralysis of the 
 oesophagus. 
 
 (ES0PH:AG0RRHAG"IA, from oKTofayoi, 'the 
 oesophagus,' and payrj, ' a rupture.' Hemorrhage 
 from the oesophagus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGORRHCE'A from oio-o^ayoj, 'the 
 oesophagus,' and pcu), 'I flow.' Discharge of 
 blood or mucus from the oesophagus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGOSPASM'US, from oi<7odayo<r, 'the 
 oesophagus,' and a-nacrjioi, 'spasm.' Spasm of the 
 oesophagus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGOT'OMY, (EsopJiagotoni'ia, from 
 oKTocpayos, 'the oesophagus,' and tiiaveiv, 'to cut-' 
 An incision made into the oesophagus for the 
 purpose of extracting foreign bodies from it. 
 
 (ESOPH'AGUS, from oto), 'I carry,' and (payw, 
 'leatj' Gtda, Fis'tula ciha'Us, Via aiom'achi et 
 ventria, Fis'tula vel Infundih'vlum Ventric'uli, 
 Gliittua. The Gtdlet. A musculo-meinbranous 
 canal, cylindrical, and depressed from before to 
 behind, which extends from the inferior extremity 
 of the pharynx to the upper orifice of the sto- 
 mach. At its origin, it is situate in the median 
 line; but, beneath the larynx, it deviates to the 
 left, and in the chest experiences different inflec- 
 tions. In its cervical portion, it corresponds, 
 behind, with the spine ; before, with the larynx 
 and trachea; and, at the sides, it is close to the 
 primitive carotids, internal jugular veins, par 
 vagum, recurrent nerves, &c. In its inferior or 
 thoracic portion, the oesophagus is entirely con- 
 tained in the posterior mediastinum ; and enters 
 the abdomen through the oesophageal aperture 
 of the diaphragm. The oesophagus is composed 
 of a very strong muscular layer, sometimes called 
 Tunica vagina'lis gnlcB ; formed, itself, of two sets 
 of fibres, the external being general longitudinal, 
 the internal transverse or annular. 2. Of a mu- 
 cous membrane which is soft, fine, thin, and 
 white, especially at its lower part. It is continu- 
 ous, above, with the mucous membrane of the 
 pharynx. The mucous follicles, found beneath 
 it, are not numerous, and have been called CEso- 
 phageal glands. The arteries of the oesophagus 
 proceed, in the neck, from the thyroid; in the 
 chest, from the bronchial arteries and directly 
 from the aorta; — in the abdomen, from the infe- 
 rior phrenic, and coronaria ventriculi. Its veins 
 empty themselves into the inferior thyroid, the 
 vena cava superior, the internal mammary, azy- 
 gos, bronchial, phrenic, and coronaria ventriculi. 
 Its lymphatics pass into the ganglia surrounding 
 it. its nerves are afforded by the pharyngeal 
 and pulmonary plexuses; by the cardiac nerves; 
 the thoracic ganglia, and, especially, by the 
 pneumogastrics and their recurrent branches-. 
 
 OSsoPHAGUS Succenturiatus, Pharyngoeelc. 
 
 (ESTROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 (ESTRUATION, Orgasm, see Heat. 
 
 (ESTRUM, Clitoris. 
 
 (EsTRUir Ven'eris, Q^atrum vene'reum, (Eatnit 
 vene'reiia ; from uiarpo,, ceatnis, 'a violent impulse 
 or desire.' A vehement desire for sexual inter- 
 course. With some, oestrum signifies Clitoris. 
 
 CESTRUS, Clitoris — oe. Yenereus, (Estrum 
 venereum. 
 
CESYPUS 
 
 611 
 
 OINTMENT 
 
 OE'SYPUS, from on, 'a sheep,' and pv-rrog, 
 'dirt' [?]. The greasy matter of unwashed 
 wool ; formerly employed in friction in diseased 
 joints. 
 
 (EUFS, Ova. 
 
 OFFICE, PHYSICIAN'S or SURGEON'S, 
 latrion. 
 
 OFFICINA, Pharmacopolium. 
 
 OFFICINAL, Officina'Us, from officina, 'a, 
 shop.' An epithet for medicines found in the 
 shop of the apothecary, ready prepared — iisua'- 
 lia ; in oiQ^osiixon. to magistral ox extemporaneous, 
 — those prepared after the prescription of the 
 physician. 
 
 OFFIUM, Affion, Opium. 
 
 OFFSPRING, Epigone. 
 
 OFFUSCATIO, Amaurosis. 
 
 OGLA, Oogala. 
 
 OONON, a Corn— o. Marin, Scilla. 
 
 OHI'O, MINERAL WATERS OP. Yelloio 
 Spring is a chalybeate, situate in Greene county, 
 C4 miles from Cincinnati. It is somewhat fre- 
 quented. 
 
 OIDIUM ABORTIFACIENS, see Ergot. 
 
 OIE, Sorbus domestica. 
 
 OIGNON, Allium cepa. 
 
 OIL, O'leum, Elm'on, (F.) Htiih ; from tXaia, 
 ' the olive.' A collective name, under which two 
 ' classes of fluids are included, very difi"erent from 
 oach other: those belonging to the one class, are 
 >dscid, mawkish or almost insipid ; those of the 
 other are nearly devoid of viscidity, and are 
 caustic and \trj volatile. The former are called 
 fat or fixed oiU ; the latter volatile or essential 
 oils, or essences. 
 
 Oil of Almonds, Oleum amygdalarum — o. of 
 Amber, rectified, see Succinum — o. Animal, Oleum 
 animale — o. Animal, of Dippel, Oleum animale 
 Dippelii — o. of Bay, Daphnel^on — o. of Bays, 
 Oleum laurinuQi — o. and Beeswax, Unguentum 
 cerse — o. of Benjamin or Benzoin, Oleum benzo- 
 ini — o. Benne, see Sesamum orientale. 
 
 Oil, British. An empirical preparation often 
 used in cases of sprains. 
 
 A committee of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy recommend the following form for its 
 preparation. — 01. Terebinth., 01. Lini. nsitatiss. 
 aa. f§iij> 01. Suecini., 01. Juniper, aa. f^iv, Pe- 
 trol. Borhadens. fgiij* Petrol. American. (Seneca 
 Oil,)ili. M. 
 
 Oil of Cacao, Butter of Cacao — o. of the Ca- 
 shew nut, see Anacardium occidentale — o. Castor, 
 Bee Ricinus communis — o. of Chabert, Oleum 
 animale empyreumatieum Chaberti — o. of Cinna- 
 mon, see Laurus cinnamomum — o. of Cloves, 
 Eugenia caryophyllata — o. Cod, 0. Jecoris aselli 
 o. Codliver, 0. Jecoris aselli — o. of Copaiba, Oleum 
 CopaibjB — 0. of Cubebs, see Piper cubeba — o. of 
 Cypress, Cyprinum oleum — o. of Dill, see Ane- 
 thum graveolens — o. Dippel's, Oleum animale 
 Dippelii — o. of Egg, see Ovum — o. Ethereal, 
 Oleum jEthereum — o. Flaxseed, see Linum usi- 
 tatissimum. 
 
 Oil, Fdsel, Al'cohol amyl'icum, (Ph. D.) Foiisel 
 oil, Pota'to oil. An acrid volatile oil, formed in the 
 manufacture of potato brandy, and which is not 
 easily separable from it. Its chemical constitu- 
 tion is analogous to that of alcohol. It exhales 
 a powerful and peculiarly suffocating odour. S. 
 g. .818. In small doses it is highly stimulating, 
 — acting like narcotics in general. In large 
 doses it destroys the mucous membranes of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Oil, Haerlem. An empirical preparation 
 supposed to consist chiefly of petroleum, turpen- 
 tine, and balsam of sulphur. Used internally in 
 renal and rheumatic affections. 
 
 Oil., Krumholz, see Pinus mughos — o. of Le- 
 
 mons, see Citrus medica — o. Lily, see Lilium 
 candidum — o. of Mucilages, Oleum e mucila- 
 ginibus — o. Neatsfoot, Oleum bubulum — o. of 
 Nicodemus, Nicodemi oleum — o. Nut, Juglans 
 cinerea — o. of Nutmegs, see Myristica mos- 
 ehata — o. Olive, Oleum oliva3 — o. Palm, see 
 Cocos butyracea — o. Paper, Pyrothonide — o. 
 of Pennyroyal, see Hedeoma pulegioides — o. 
 of Pike, Oleum lucii piseis — o. Rock, Petro- 
 lajum — 0. Potato, Oil, Fusel — o. Rag, Pyrotho- 
 nide — 0. Rayliver, see Oleum Jecoris aselli — o. 
 of Roses, see Rosa centifolia — o. of Rue, Pegane- 
 la3on, see Ruta — o. of Spike, Oleum terebinthinsa 
 — 0. of St. John's "Wort, see Hypericum perfora- 
 tum — 0. Salad, Oleum olivaj — o. of Scorpion, see 
 Scorpion — o. Sulphuretted, Balsamum sulphuris 
 simplex — o. of Tartar, Liquor potassse subcar- 
 bonatis — o. of Tobacco, Oleum tabaci — o. of 
 Turpentine, Oleum terebinthinte — o. of Turpen- 
 tine, rectified, Oleum terebinthiuEe rectifieatum — ■ 
 o. of Valerian, Oleum valerianaj — o. of Vitriol, 
 Sulphuric acid — o. of Wine, Oleum aethereum. 
 
 Oils, Anijial, Olea animalia — o. Distilled, Olea 
 volatilia — o. Empyreumatic, Olea empyreumatiea 
 
 — o. Essential, Olea volatilia — o. Ethereal, Olea 
 volatilia — o. Expressed, Olea fixa — o. Fatty, Olea 
 fixa — 0. Fixed, Olea fixa — o. Fugacious, Olea fu- 
 gacia — 0. Medicinal, Olea medicinalia — o. Vola- 
 tile, Olea volatilia. 
 
 OILY, Oleaginous — o. Grain, Sesamum orient- 
 ale. 
 
 OINOMANIA, (Enomania. 
 
 OINTMENT, Unguentum — o. of Antimony, 
 tartarized, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati. 
 
 Ointment, Arsen'ical, of Sir Astley Cooiyer, 
 This is made of arsenious acid ^j ; sulphur, 3J ; 
 spermaceti cerate, ^j. It is spread on lint, and 
 ajDplied to cancerous sores. 
 
 Ointment, Basilicon, Unguentum resinss — o. 
 Bay, Unguentum laurinum — o. of Belladonna, 
 Unguentum belladonnaj — o. Blister, Cerate of 
 eantharides — o. Blistering, green, Unguentum 
 lytt£e medicatum — o. Blistering, milder, Unguen- 
 tum lyttaj — 0. Blistering, yellow, Unguentum 
 lyttee medicatum aliud — -o. Blue, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri — o. Citrine, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 nitratis — o. of Creasote, Unguentum creasoti — 
 o. Cyrillo's, Unguentum muriatis hydrargyri 
 oxygenati medicatum — o. Digestive, simple, Un- 
 guentum digestivum simplex — o. Edinburgh, 
 see Unguentum veratri — o. Elder, Unguentum 
 sambuci — o. of Elemi, Unguentum elemi com- 
 positum — 0. for the Eyes, (Smellome's,) see 
 Ceratum resinse — o. Golden, Unguentum hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-oxidi — o. Golden, Singleton'? 
 see Singleton's golden ointment — o. Goulard's, 
 Ceratum plumbi compositum — o. Green, Unguen- 
 tum samlDuci — o. Hellebore white, Unguentum 
 veratri — o. of Iodide of potassium, Unguen- 
 tum potassEe hydriodatis — o. of Iodide of Sul- 
 phur, Unguentum sulphuris iodidi — o. of Iodine, 
 Unguentum lodini — o. of Iodine, compound, Un- 
 guentum iodini compositum — o. Itch, Unguen- 
 tum sulphuris compositum — o. Itch, Bateman's, 
 see Unguentum sulphuratum alcalinum ad sca- 
 biem — o. Itch, Bailey's, see Unguentum sul- 
 phuratum ad scabiem — o. Itch, Helmerick's, 
 Unguentum sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem 
 
 — o. Issue, Dr. Physick's, see Unguentum lyttfS 
 medicatum aliud — o. of white oxide of Lead, 
 Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi — o. of Lydiit, 
 Bacaris — o. Marshmallow, Unguentum de Al- 
 thgea — o. Mercurial, Unguentum hydrargyri — o. 
 of nitrate of Mei-cury, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 nitratis — o. of gray oxide of Mercury, Unguen- 
 tum oxidi hydrargyri cinerei — o. of nitric oxyd 
 of Mercury, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico -osydi 
 
 — 0. of Nitrous acid. Unguentum acidi nitrosi — 
 
OIOCALYMMA 
 
 612 
 
 OLECRANON 
 
 o. Plunkett's, for cancer, Plunkett's ointment — o. 
 red Precipitate, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydi — 0. of -white Precipitate, Unguentum hy- 
 drargyri prseeipitati albi — o. Pi.esin, Ceratum 
 resinte flavse — o. Resin, black, Unguentum re- 
 rinse nigrsB — 0. of Kosowater, Unguentum aquse 
 rosffi — 0. Soldier's, Martiatum unguentum — o. 
 of Spanish flies, Cerate of Cantharides, Un- 
 guentum lyttas — 0. Spermaceti, Unguentum ce- 
 tacei — 0. of Stramonium, Unguentum stramonii 
 — o. of Subacetate of copper, Unguentum sub- 
 - acetatis eupri — o. of Sugar of lead, Unguentum 
 plumbi superacetatis — o. Sulphur, Unguentum 
 sulphuris — o. Sulphur, compound, Unguentum 
 sulphuris compositum — o. Tar, Unguentum picis 
 liquidse — o. Tobacco, Unguentum Tabaei — o. 
 Tutty, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri — o. Verdi- 
 gris, Unguentum subacetatia cupri — o. Was, Un- 
 guentum cerse — o. White, Unguentum oxidi 
 plumbi albi — o. Zinc, Unguentum xinci — o. of im- 
 pure oxide of Zinc, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri. 
 OiOCALYM'MA, O'iocal^p'tnim ; from mov, 
 ' egg,' and KaXuTrrcti', ' to cover ;' Membra' na 
 O'vuli cortica'lis. The membrane of the egg- 
 shell. 
 
 OLD AGE, Senectus. 
 OLD MAN, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 OLD WIFE'S SHIRT, Liriodendron. 
 OLEA ANIMA'LIA, Animal oils, (F.) Huiles 
 animales. A name given to fixed oils holding in 
 solution the mucilaginous and gelatinous princi- 
 ples of certain animals, as the Oil of frofjs, Oil 
 of scor'pioirs, Oil of spiders, &c. Sometimes, 
 also, the term animal oils is given to empyreu- 
 matie oils, produced during the decomposition of 
 animal substances by heat. 
 
 Olea Destillata, 0. volatilia. 
 Olea Eupyreumat'ica, JEm2iTrreumat'ic oik, 
 (F.) Huiles empyreumatiqiies. Oils which have 
 an empyreumatic or burnt smell. They are ob- 
 tained by treating vegetable or animal matters by 
 heat, in close vessels. They do not exist in or- 
 ganized bodies, but are formed during their de- 
 composition by fire. The animal oil of Dippel is 
 axi empyreumatic oil. 
 
 Olea EuroPjE'a, 0. sati'va sen lancifo'Ua seu 
 potynior'pha seu Oall'ica, Oli'va, Olive tree, 
 tXata, Elai'a, (F.) Olivier, (Fruit) Olive. Nat. 
 Ord. Jasminese. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogy- 
 nla. The leaves of the olive are bitter, and an 
 extract prepared from them, and a substance 
 called olivi'na, the bitter principle of the leaves, 
 have been given in Italy as antiperiodics. The 
 fruit, when pickled, is extremely grateful to some 
 stomachs. Olives, as met with in the shops, are 
 prepared from the green, unripe fruit, repeatedly 
 steeped in water. To this, some quicklime or 
 alkaline salt is added, and, afterwards, they are 
 washed and preserved in a pickle of common salt 
 and water. From this fruit is prepared the Olive 
 oil or Salad oil of the Pharmacopoeias, which is 
 obtained by grinding and pressing the olives, 
 when thoroughly ripe. The finer and purer oil 
 issues first by gentle pressure, and the inferior 
 sort on heating what is left, and pressing it more 
 Btrongly. See Oleum Olivffi. In Calabria, an 
 odorous resin exudes from its trunk, which is 
 employed as a perfume by the Neapolitans. 
 
 A gum flows from certain wild olives, in warm 
 countries, which consists, according to Pelletier, 
 of a resin, a little benzoic acid, and a peculiar 
 substance, called Olivile. It is in yellow masses, 
 of a slightly acrid taste, and of a vanilla smell. 
 It is called OlecB fjummi, 0. resi'na, and 0. hah'- 
 amum, (F ) Gomme olivier, and is esteemed astrin- 
 gent and detersive. 
 
 OiiEA FiXA VEL Pin'otjia, Exp^i'ned oils, 
 Fiarrd clla, Faitu oils, (F.) Huiles fixes on grasses. 
 
 All the oils obtained from the seeds or pericarps 
 of vegetables, without distillation, and which are 
 viscid, but slightly odorous and sapid ; lighter 
 than water, and insoluble in alcohol. The ran- 
 cidity of oils depends on the absorption of oxy- 
 gen, and therefore they should be kept in bulk 
 as much as possible; and in narrow-necked bot- 
 tles, so that a very small surface only can be ex- 
 posed to the air. All the fixed oils are emollient, 
 and, in a certain dose, they act as purgatives and 
 emetics. They are prepared by expressing the 
 fruit or seed containing them. 
 
 Olea Fuga'cia, Fuga'cious oils, (F.) Huiles 
 fur/aces. A name given to oils which are so vo- 
 latile that, in order to obtain them, recourse must 
 be had to a difi"erent process from that employed 
 for other essential oils. Such are the oDs of jes- 
 samine, lily, violet, &c. 
 
 Olea Gallica, 0. Europcea — o. Lancifolia, 0. 
 Europwa. 
 
 Olea Medicina'lia, Medic"inal oils, (F.) 
 Huiles iledicinales. A name given to oils pre- 
 pared by macerating, infusing, or boiling medi- 
 cinal substances in olive or any other fixed oils. 
 These oils may then be regarded as oily solutions 
 of certain medicinal substances ; whence they 
 can never be simple. They have, however, been 
 divided into simple and compound medicinal oils. 
 To the former belong the Oils of St. John's loort, of 
 the Solanum nic/yum,&c. ; to the other — which have 
 often been called Oily balsams, (F.) Baumes hui- 
 leiix — the Balsams of Fioraventi, Metz, &c. Me- 
 dicinal oils are, almost always, employed exter- 
 nally. 
 
 Olea Polymorph a, 0. Europtea — o. Sativa, 0. 
 Europsea. 
 
 Olea Volatil'ia, Olea destilla'ta, Vol'atili 
 oils, ^thero'lea, Etlie'real oils. Essential oils, 
 Eistil'led oils, Es'scnces, (F.) Huiles volatiles, H, 
 essentiellcs. Oils found in aromatic vegetables, 
 and in every part of them, except in the interior 
 of the seeds. The majority are obtained by dis- 
 tillation ; but some by expression. They possess 
 unctuosity, inflammability, and viscidity, like the 
 fixed oils; but they are generally odoriferous, 
 pungent, and acrid. The greater part are lighter 
 than water; but some are heavier, and congeal 
 at a moderate temperature. They dissolve, in 
 small quantity, in distilled water, by simple agi- 
 tation. Almost all are soluble in alcohol. The 
 odour and taste are the usual tests of their good- 
 ness. To preserve them, they should be kept in 
 a cool place, in small bottles, c^uite full and well 
 corked. Volatile oils are possessed of the aro- 
 matic properties of the plants whence they are 
 obtained. They are all, when applied externally, 
 stimulant and rubefacient. 
 
 OLEAG"INOUS, Oleagino'sus, Oleo'siis. Oily; 
 containing oil, — as 'an oleaginous or oily mix- 
 ture.' 
 
 OLEA'MEN, Oleamen'tnm. Any soft oint- 
 ment prepared of oil. — Scribonius. 
 
 OLEANDER, Rhododendron chrysanthemum. 
 
 OLECRANARTHRI'TIS, from i^XtK^avov, 'the 
 olecranon,' apOpov, 'joint,' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the elbow joint 
 
 OLECRANOID CAVITY, see Ulna. 
 
 OLECRANON, Olecra'non, Olcc'ranum, Olec'- 
 ranon moh'ile; from wXcvr/, 'the elbow,' and Kpa- 
 vov, 'the head.' Acrolc'nion, Additamcn'tum ne- 
 ca'tum, Ancov, Proces'sus anconeus, Glans seu 
 Coro'na seu Coro'na posterior seu Additamcn'tum 
 nnca'tuni Ulnm, Vertex Cu'hiti, Patel'la Jixa, Eos- 
 trum exter'nnm seu poate'rins, Top of the cubit. 
 Head or projection of the elbow. A large pro- 
 cess at the upper extremity of the ulna, on which 
 we lean. When this process is fractured, it is apt 
 
OLECRAXARTHROCACE 
 
 613 
 
 OLEUM 
 
 to be drawn up by the triceps, aud much care is 
 required to keep the parts in apposition. 
 
 OLECRANARTHROC'ACE, from <^\!:vr,, 'the 
 elbow/ Kpai'ov, ' the head,' and arthrooaee. A 
 name given by Rust to inflammation of the arti- 
 cular surfaces of the elbow. 
 
 OLEFIANT GAS, CHLORIDE OF, see Anes- 
 thetic 
 
 OLENE, Ulna. 
 
 OLEO-CERATUM AQUA SUBACTUM, Ce- 
 ratum Galeni. 
 
 OLEO-SACCHARUM, Elaeo-saccharum. 
 
 OLEOSUS, Oleaginous. 
 
 OLETTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. At 
 Olette, in the department Pyrenees Orientales, is 
 a thermal spring, which raises the thermometer 
 to 190° Fahr. It is the hottest in France. 
 
 OLEUM, Oil — o. Abietis, see Pinus pieea — o. 
 Absinthii, Artemisia absinthium, (oil of) — o. 
 Acusticum, Huile acoustique. 
 
 Oleum ^XHE'REUir, yEthe'real oil {formed in 
 the distillation of ether), Oleum vini, Oil of wine, 
 (F.) Huile douce de vin. A peculiar oleaginous 
 matter, obtained by continuing the distillation, 
 after the whole of the sulphuric ether has passed 
 over in the process for the preparation of the 
 latter. It is used only as an ingredient in the 
 compound spirit of ether. It is ofBcinal in the 
 Ph. U. S. 
 
 Oleum Ammoniatum, Linimentum ammonise 
 fortius. 
 
 Oleum Amtgdala'rum, Oleum amyg'dala, Oil 
 of Almonds, (P.) Huile d'amandes, {Expressed 
 from both su^eet and bitter almonds, — Amygdalus 
 communis, ^xvj of almonds yield ^v of oil.) It 
 is inodorous, insipid, and of a pale straw coloui-, 
 and is employed as a demulcent and emollient. 
 
 Oleum Anacardii, see Anacardium occidentale. 
 
 Oleum Ajjima'le, An'imal oil, (F.) Huile ani- 
 male. An oil obtained by the decomposition of 
 the immediate principles of animals, subjected to 
 the action of heat. It is fetid, and always con- 
 tains a certain quantity of subcarbonate of am- 
 monia. See Olea Empyreumatica. The name 
 animal oil is sometimes also given to the fat con- 
 tained in the fatty vesicles. The composition of 
 this fat does not, indeed, differ from that of the 
 fixed oil. 
 
 OLEUjr Anima'le Dippe'lh, Animal oil of 
 Dipjiel, Oleum cornu eervi, 0. C. C. reetifica'tum. 
 Animal oil, Bippel's oil, Oleum pyro-anima'le 
 depura'tum, 0. anima'le mthe'reum, Pyro'leum 
 os'sium reetifica'tum, (F.) Huile animale de Dip- 
 pel, Huile de come de cerf, is obtained by distil- 
 ling animal matters, especially hartshorn, on the 
 naked fire. The subcarbonate of ammonia, which 
 it contains, renders it partly soluble in water, and 
 communicates to it the stimulant properties for 
 which it is used in medicine. It is employed as 
 an antispasmodic. 
 
 Oleum Anima'le Empyeeumat'icum Chaber'- 
 TI, 0. Em23yreumat'icum sen anthelmin' ticum seu 
 contra f<s'niam Chaber'ti, Empyreumat'ic oil of 
 Chabert, Oil of Chabert, is made by adding one 
 part of animal oil to three parts of oil of turpen- 
 tine, leaving them to combine for four days, and 
 then distilling three parts. An effective anthel- 
 mintic. Dose, a tea-spoonful three times a day. 
 
 Oleum Animaliza'tum per Infusio'nem, (F.) 
 Huile animalisee par infusion, Huile aromutique, 
 H. de petits chiens. A preparation, formerly 
 esteemed tonie and cephalic. It was obtained 
 by boiling new-born puppies in oil, first depriv- 
 ing them of their blood, skin, and intestines. 
 When the decoction was cold, origanum, thyme, 
 pennyroyal, St. John's-wort, and marjoram were 
 added. 
 
 Oledm Anist, see Pimpinella anisum — o. An- 
 
 thelminticura Chaberti, Oleum animale empyreu- 
 maticum Chaberti — o. Aurantii, see Citrus auran- 
 tium — 0. Balaninum, Guilandina moringa (oleum) 
 — 0. Balsami, see Amyris opobalsamum. 
 
 Oleum Benzo'ini, Oil of Benzoin or Benjamin. 
 An oil obtained by heating, in a sand-bath, the 
 matter which remains after'benzoic acid has been 
 separated from benzoin by the aid of heat. It 
 has been regarded as balsamic and sudorific. 
 
 Oleum Bergamii, see Bergamote. 
 
 Oleum Bu'bulum, Neat's-foot oil. The oil 
 prepared from the bones of Bos Bomesticus. It 
 is obtained by boiling in water for a long timo 
 the feet of the ox, previously deprived of the 
 hoof. It is introduced into the ofiicinal list of 
 the Ph. U. S. as ani ingredient of the ointment 
 of nitrate of mercury. 
 
 Oleum Cacao Spissatum, Butter of Cacao — 
 0. Cadinum, see Juniperus oxycedrus — o. Caju- 
 puti, Caieput (oil) — o. Camphoratum, Linimen- 
 tum camphorse- — o. Cari seu Carui, Carum (oleum) 
 — 0. Caryophylli, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
 
 Oleum Ced'einum, Essentia de cedro, (F.) 
 Huile de cedrat. The oil of the peel of citrons, 
 obtained in Italy in a particular manner, without 
 distillation. 
 
 OLEUJf Chaberti, 0. animale empyrenmatieum 
 Chaberti — o. Chenopodii, see Chenopodium ac- 
 thelminticum — o. Cicinum, see Ricinus commu- 
 nis — 0. Cinnamomi, see Laurus cinnamomum — 
 0. Contra Tosniam Chaberti, Oleum animale em- 
 pyreumaticum Chaberti. 
 
 Oleum Copa'ib^e, Oil of Copia'iba. {Copaib. 
 ft)ij ; Agues, cong. iv. Distil three gallons ; sepa- 
 rate the oil; return the water to the copaiba, and 
 again distil three gallons. Separate the oil, and 
 add it to the other. Ph. U. S.) Dose gtt. x to xxx. 
 
 Oleum Cornu Cervi, 0. animale Dippelii — o. 
 Cubeba3, see Piper cubeba3 — o. Euphorbise lathy- 
 ridis, see Euphorbia lathyris — o. Fixum nucum 
 cocos butyraceffi, see Cocos butyracea — o. Foeni- 
 culi, see Anethum — o. Gabianum, Petrolasum — o. 
 Gallinaj, Alkale — o. Gaultherise, see Gaultheria 
 — o. Hedeomse, see Hedeoma pulegioides — o. Hy- 
 periei, see Hypericum perforatum — o. infernale, 
 0. Rieini. 
 
 Oleum .Jec'oris Asellt, 0. Mor'rhucB, 0. Je- 
 cino'ris Aselli, Axun'gia Ga'di, A. Pisci'na ma- 
 ri'na, Codliver oil. Cod oil, (F.) Huile de morue, 
 Huile de Foie de morue. The animal oil, which 
 appears under this name in commerce, is obtained 
 from several of the species belonging to the genus 
 Gadus. The clearest sorts are generally used. It 
 appears to have no sensible effect upon the eco- 
 nomy; but has been given in strumous affections, 
 rheumatism, chronic cutaneous diseases, and tu- 
 mours of the mammas. The dose for an adult is 
 from f^ij to f^iss. 
 
 Ray liver oil, O'leum raim, is used in the same 
 eases and doses. 
 
 Oleum Juniperi, see Juniperis communis — o. 
 Juniperi empyrenmatieum, see Juniperus oxyce- 
 drus — 0. de Kerva, see Ricinus communis — o. 
 Kervinum, see Ricinus communis. 
 
 Oleum Lauri'num, Oleum, lauri, Oil of bays 
 An oil obtained from bayberries, and sometimes 
 used in sprains and bruises, unattended with in- 
 flammation. 
 
 Oleum Laurinum, Daphnelseon, Unguentum 
 L. — o. Lavendulas, see Lavendula — o. Lentisci- 
 num, Schinelason — o. Limonis, see Citrus medica 
 — o. Lini, see Linum usitatissimum — o. Lini cum 
 calce, Linimentum aquse calcis. 
 
 Oleum Lu'cii Piscis, Oil of Pike. From the 
 liver of the Esox luciua an oil is spontaneously 
 separated, which is used in some countries to do- 
 stroy specks on the cornea. 
 
 Oleum Malabathri, see Malabathrum — s. 
 
OLEUM 
 
 614 
 
 OLIGOSIALIA 
 
 Mavise, see Pagara oetandra — o. Melaleucse leu- 
 codendri, Caieput (oil) — o. MenthaB piporitse, see 
 Mentha piperita — o. MenthaB viridis, Mentha vi- 
 ridis — o. MonardEe, Monarda punctata — o. Mor- 
 rhuse, 0. jecoris aselli. 
 
 Oleum e Mucilagin'ibtjs, Oil of ilu'cilagea. 
 (Rnd. althcBcB rec. it)ss; sem. lint, sem. fcenngrcBoi, 
 aa 5iij ; aqua, Oij. Boil for half an hour; add 
 ol. oliv. O'w ; continue the boiling till the water 
 is nearly consumed, and pour off the oil.) Emol- 
 lient. 
 
 Oleum Mtristic^, see Myristica moschata — 
 0. Neroli, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 Oleum Oli'v^, 0. oliva'rum, Olive oil, Salad 
 oil. An inodorous, insipid, and transparent oil ; 
 obtained by expression from the olive, when ripe. 
 It is demulcent and emollient, — possessing the 
 qualities of the fixed oils in general. 
 
 An inferior kind, obtained by boiling olives in 
 ■water, and skimming the oil from the surface, is 
 also used in Pharmacy. See Olea Europaaa. 
 
 Oleum Omphacinum, Omotribes — o. Origani, 
 see Origanum — o. Oxydi cupri viride. Balsam, 
 green, of Metz — o. de Palma Christi, see Rieinus 
 communis — o. Palma3, see Cocos butyracea — o. 
 Palmse liquidum, see Rieinus communis — o. Pe- 
 tr», Petrolasum — o. Petroe album. Naphtha — o. 
 Picinum, Brutia, Pisselasum — o. Pimentas, see 
 Myrtus pimenta — o. Pini purissimum, 0. tere- 
 binthinEB rectificatum — o. Pulegii, see Mentha 
 pulegium — o. Pyro-animale, 0. animale Dippelii 
 — o. Raise, see Oleum Jecoris Aselli — o. Ricini, 
 see Rieinus communis — o. Rosaa, see Rosa cen- 
 tifolia — 0. Rosarum, Rhodelseon — o. Rutaceum, 
 Peganeleeon — o. Rosmarini, see Rosmarinus — o. 
 Rutge, see Ruta — o. Sabinse, see Juniperus Sabi- 
 na — o. Sassafras, see Laurus Sassafras — o. Se- 
 sami, see Sesamum orientale — o. Sinapis, see 
 Sinapis — o. Spicaj vulgaris, 0. terebinthiuae — o. 
 Succini, see Succinum — o. Succini rectificatum, 
 see Succinum. 
 
 Oleum Sulphura'tum, BaV samum sulph'uria 
 simplex, Sulph'urated oil. {Sulphur, lot. gij ; 
 olivcB olei, ftj. Heat the oil in a large iron pot, 
 and throw in the sulphur by degrees ; stirring 
 the mixture after each addition till they unite.) 
 It is stimulating, and was formerly much used in 
 coughs, asthma, &c., and, externally, to foul 
 ulcers. 
 
 Oleum Tab'aci, Oil of Tolaeeo. An empyreu- 
 matic oil, obtained from coarsely powdered to- 
 bacco by heating the retort to dull redness. — 
 Ph. U. S. 
 
 Oleum Tartari per Deliquium, Liquor po- 
 tass£e subcarbonatis — o. Templinum, see Pinus 
 mughos. 
 
 Oleum Terebin'thin^, Oil of Turpentine. The 
 volatile oil of the juice of pinus palustris, and 
 other species of pinus. 
 
 Oleum Terebin'thin^ Rectifica'tum, Oleum 
 pini puris'simum, Rectified, oil of turpentine, Ole- 
 Xfni terehin'thincB mthe'reum, Sp. of turpentine. 
 Common oil of turpientine is also called Common 
 oil of Spilce, Oleum spiem vulga're. {Olei tere- 
 liitth. Oj ; aqua, Oiv. Distil over the oil.) It is 
 stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and rubefacient. 
 Dose, ^ss to 5j. 
 
 Guestonian Emhrocation for rheumatism con- 
 eists of ol. terebinth., ol. oliv. aa ^iss; acid, aulph. 
 dil. ,5iij. 
 
 Oleum Theobrom^ Cacao Expressum, Butter 
 cf cacao — o. Tiglii, Croton tiglium. 
 
 Oleum Valeria'n^, Oil of Vale'rian. The 
 distilled oil of the root of Valeriana officinalis. — 
 l>h. XT. S. 
 
 Oleum Vini, 0. sethereum — o. Vitrioli, Sul- 
 pnuric acid. 
 
 OLFACTION, Olfac'tns, from nlfacere for. 
 odefncere {odor, and facere), Osphrc'sis, Ouphra'- 
 eia, OspJire'sia, Osme'sis, Odorn'tio, Odora'tua, 
 Senaus osmomet'ricus, Sense of smell. Smelling, (F.) 
 Odorat. The sense by which we perceive the 
 impressions made on the olfactory nerves by the 
 odorous particles suspended in the atmosphere. 
 The olfactory nerve or first pair has usually been 
 considered the great nerve of smell; and it is 
 probably the nerve of special sensibility, general 
 sensibility being communicated by the branches 
 of the fifth pair, distributed on the pituitary mem- 
 brane of the nose and sinuses. 
 
 OLFACTORY, Olfacti'vus, Olfacto' riua, Oa- 
 pihran'ticus, Osphrante'riua, Oaphre'tieti.8, from 
 olf actus, 'the smell.' That which belongs or re- 
 lates to the sense of smell. 
 
 Olfactory Bulb, see Olfactory nerves. 
 
 Olpac'tory Foram'ina, (F.) Trous olfactifa, 
 are the holes in the cribriform plate of the eth- 
 moid bone, through which the olfactory nerve 
 passes. 
 
 Olfactory Lobe, see Olfactory nerves. 
 
 Olpac'tory Nerves, Ethnwid'al nerves, Par 
 primum Nervo'rum cer'ebri, Nervi odorato'rii, 
 Proces'aus mamilla'res SQW Papilla' rum, Proecsana 
 mamillares cer'ebri ad nares, P. papilla'res, Ca- 
 run'ctdcB mamilln'res, — the first 2}air ofenceplial'ic 
 nerves. This nerve, which probably arises from 
 the medulla oblongata, is observed to leave the 
 brain, opposite the inner part of the fissure of 
 Sylvius, by three roots ; which, by their union, 
 form a triangular knot or expansion. When it 
 reaches the ethmoid fossa it expands and forms 
 a triangular ganglion, or grayish, soft bulb, — 
 Bulbua olfacto' riua — Olfactory bulb, tubercle, or 
 lobe, — which furnishes, from its inferior surface, 
 the branches that have to be distributed to tho 
 nasal fossse. These filaments are very numerous; 
 they pass through the foramina in the cribriform 
 plate and enter the nasal fossse. They are dis- 
 tinguished into the internal, external, and middle. 
 The former are distributed over the mucous mem- 
 brane, covering the outer paries of the nasal 
 fossae; the second descend upon the septum, an(^ 
 the third are lost, almost immediately, on thy 
 portion of the pituitary membrane that lines th», 
 vault of the fossse. 
 
 Olfactory Tubercle, see Olfactory nerves. 
 
 OLFACTUS, Olfaction— o. Acutus, Hyperos- 
 phresia — o. Amissio, Anosmia — o. Deficiens, 
 Anosmia — o. Depravatus, Parosmia. 
 
 OLIBANUM, see Juniperus lycia — o. Sylves- 
 tre, see Pinus abies — o. Vulgare, see Pinus abies. 
 
 OLIGjEMIA, Anaemia, Haemaporia, Hypsemia. 
 
 OLIGIDRIA, Ischidrosis. 
 
 OLIGOBLEN'NIA, from o^tyou 'few,' aad 
 PXcvva, 'mucus.' A deficiency of mucus. 
 
 OLIGOCHOL'IA, from oXtyos, 'few,' and;^oX;7, 
 'bile.' Paucity of bile. 
 
 OLIGOCH'YLUS, from o\iyog, 'little,' and 
 ;:^iiXo5, 'juice,' 'chyle.' An epithet for food which 
 is but little nutritive; which furnishes little chyle. 
 
 OLIGOCOP'RIA, from oXiyog, 'few,' iind 
 KOTTpos, ' excrement.' Scantiness of alvine evacu- 
 ations. 
 
 OLIGODAC'RYA, from oXiyof, 'little,' and 
 6aKpv, ' a tear.' Paucity of lachrymal secretion. 
 
 OLIGOGALACTIA, Agalactia. 
 
 OLIGOGALIA, Agalaxis. 
 
 OLIGOHjEMIA, Anasmia, Ha-maporia, Hy- 
 paemia. 
 
 OLIGOPO'SIA. from oXiyog, 'little,' and roffiy, 
 'drink.' Diminution in the quantity of drinks. 
 
 OLIGOSIA'LIA, from oXiyo;, 'little,' and (rto- 
 Xev, 'saliva.' Paucity of saliva. 
 
OLIGOSPERMIA 
 
 615 
 
 OMPHALO-MESENTERIO 
 
 OLIGOSPER'MIA, from o\iyo;, 'little,' and 
 mepiia, ' sperm.' Paucity of spermatic secretion. 
 
 OLIGOSPOND'YLUS, from oXiyoj, 'few,' 
 'small,' a.nd (TTToi'Sv'Xos, 'a vertebra.' A monster 
 with defective vertebrte. — Gurlt. 
 
 OLIGOTRICH'IA, from o\iy<,;, 'little,' and 
 Spi^, ' hair.' Want of hair. Paucity of hair. 
 
 OLIGOTROPH'IA, Par'eior nutnt"io, from 
 cXiyof, ' little,' and rpe^pio, ' I nourish.' Deficient 
 nourishment. 
 
 OLIGURE'SIA, OUgure'sis, OUgoure'sis, OH- 
 goure'sia, from o'Xiyoi, 'little,' and ovptui, *I pass 
 urine.' Morbidly diminished urinary secretion. 
 
 OLISTHEMA, Luxation, 
 
 OLIVA, Olea Europsea. 
 
 OLIV^, Corpora olivaria. 
 
 OLIVAIRE CA UTERE, of the Erench sur- 
 geons, is a cautery whose extremity is terminated 
 by a button having the shape of an olive. 
 
 OLIVARIS, Olive-shaped. 
 
 OLIVARY, Olive-shaped — o. Bodies, Corpora 
 olivaria. 
 
 Ol'ivary Proc"ess, Proces'sus OUva'ris, is a 
 small ridge, running transversely between, and a 
 little behind, the roots of the anterior clinoid pro- 
 cesses of the sphenoid bone, and by some consi- 
 dered as the fourth clinoid process. 
 
 OLIVE, see Olea Europsea — o. Tree, Olea 
 Europcea. 
 
 OLIVE-SHAPED, OUva'ris, Olivifor'wis, Ol'- 
 ivary, from oliva, 'an olive.' Resembling an 
 olive. See Corpora olivaria. 
 
 OLIVES, PICKLED, Colymbades. 
 
 OLIVIER. Olea Europaa. 
 
 OLIVIFORMIS, Olive-shaped. 
 
 OLIVINA, see Olea Europsea. 
 
 OLLA CAPITIS, Cranium. 
 
 OLMITELLO, MINERAL WATERS OE. A 
 thermal spring in the isle of Ischia. Tempera- 
 ture, 100° Fahrenheit. 
 
 OLOPELYCTIDE, Herpes. 
 
 OLOPHO'NIA, from oXXu, oWva, 'I lose,' and 
 tfiiiivr], 'voice.' Congenital misconstruction of the 
 voonl organs. — Good. 
 
 Olophonia Labii Lobata, Harelip — o. Lin- 
 guae frajnata, see Ankyloglossum. 
 
 OM'AGRA, ZTo/jiV/gra, from ojfiof, 'the shoul- 
 der,' .and aypa, ' a seizure.' Gout in the shoulder. 
 
 OMAL'GIA, from wpog, 'the shoulder,' and 
 aXy^it 'pain.' Pain in the shoulder. 
 
 OMARTHRI'TIS, from 01^0^;, 'the shoulder,' 
 apQQov, 'a, joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the shoulder-joint. 
 
 OMARTHROC'ACE, from u/zoj, 'shoulder,' 
 andpov, 'a joint,' and kuko;, 'bad.' Arthrocace 
 of the shoulder-joint. Caries or suppuration of 
 the shoulder-joint. 
 
 OMA'SUM, Omasiis, Manyplies. The third 
 stomach of ruminant animals. 
 
 OMBILIC, Umbilicus. 
 
 OMBILICALE, Umbilical. 
 
 OMBRAGE, Nebula. 
 
 OMENTA, Meninges. 
 
 OMENTESIS, Epiploitis. 
 
 OMENTITIS, Epiploitis. 
 
 OMENTULA, Appendiculse pinguedinosse. 
 
 OMENTUM, Epiploon— o. Colicum, Epiploon, 
 colic — 0. Gastro-colicum, Epiploon, gastro-colic 
 ' ■ — o. Gastro-splenic, Epiploon, gastro-splenic — 0. 
 Great, Ejiiploon, gastro-colic — 0. Hepato-gastri- 
 cum, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — 0. Lesser, Epi- 
 ploon, gastro-hepatic — 0. Majus, Epiploon, gastro- 
 colic — 0. Minus, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — 0. 
 Os?ium, Periosteum — 0. Third, Epiploon,, colic. 
 
 OMICHESIS, Micturition. 
 
 OMICHMA, Urine. 
 
 OMI'TIS, from u/ios, ' the shoulder,' and itU, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation in or about 
 the shoulder-joint. 
 
 OMMA, Eye, Vision. 
 
 OMNIPHAGUS, Omnivorous. 
 
 OMNIVORE, Omnivorous. 
 
 OMNIVOROUS, Omnivoriis, Omniph'agvs, 
 Pantoph'agns, (F.) Omnivore, from ornnis, 'all,' 
 and voro, 'I eat.' An epithet for animals — Pan- 
 toj^hagists — which eat every kind of food, animal 
 or vegetable. 
 
 OMO. In composition, an abridgment of omoa 
 or otnus, the humerus. 
 
 OMO-CLAVICULAR, see Coraco-clavicular. 
 
 OMOCOTYLE, see Glene. 
 
 OMO-HYOIDEUS, Cor'aco-Jiyoidem, Scapulo- 
 hyoidien, Omo-hyo'idien, Omoplat-Jiyo'idien, Hyo- 
 'idis Quartiis Mus'cidus. This muscle is situate 
 obliquely at the sides and front of the neck. It 
 is slender, long, and flat. It arises from the su- 
 perior costa of the scapula, near the semi-lunar 
 notch, and from the ligament that runs across it, 
 and is inserted at the sides of the inferior margin 
 of the body of the os hyoides. It consists of two 
 fasciculi, united by a common tendon, and is a true 
 digastric muscle. It depresses the os hyoides, 
 carrying it a little backwards, and to one side, 
 except when it acts with its fellow, when the bono 
 is depressed, and drawn obliquely backwards. 
 
 OMOPHAG"IA, Omosit'ia, from (ipos, 'raw,' 
 and <payu>, ' I eat.' Fondness for raw food. Eat- 
 ing of raw food. 
 
 OMOPLATE, Scapula — 0. Col del', Collum 
 scapula3. 
 
 OMOPLA T-HYOIDIEN, Omo-hyoideus. 
 
 CMOS, Crude, Humerus. 
 
 OMOSITIA, Omophagia. 
 
 OMOTAR'ICHOS, from u^iof, 'the shoulder,' 
 and rapi;:^of, 'pickled.' Salsamen'tum crudum ; 
 Salted Tunny Fish, in particular. Properly, the 
 neck or shoulder-piece of a salted animal. Once 
 much recommended against the bites of vipers, 
 and in hydrophobia. 
 
 OMOTES, Crudity. 
 
 OMOTOCIA, Abortion. 
 
 OMOT'RIBES, OmpTiac"inum O'leum, from 
 iisixos, 'crude,' andToi/Jo), 'I bruise.' Oil expressed 
 from unripe olives. 
 
 OMPHA'CION, opcpaKiov, from ofKpaKo;, 'an 
 unripe grape; — Succus uvce aeer'hcB, Ompha'cium. 
 The juice of unripe grapes. Also, Verjuice. 
 
 OMPHACI'TES (VINUM). A name given 
 to wine prepared from the unripe grape. Om~ 
 phaci'tis is also the name of a small gall. — 
 Dioscorides. 
 
 OMPHACIUM, Verjuice. 
 
 OMPHACOM'ELI, from op<paKo;, 'an unripe 
 grape, and peXi, ' honey.' A sort of oxj'mel, mado 
 of the juice of unripe grapes and honey. 
 
 OMPHALELCO'SIS, from opcpaXog, 'the navel,' 
 and 'eXkoj, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the navel. 
 
 OMPHALEX'OCHE, Exomphalus. 
 
 OMPHALOCARPUS, Galium aparine. 
 
 OMPHALOCELE, Exomphalos. 
 
 OMPHALOMANTI'A, from op(paXog, 'the na- 
 vel,' and fiavTua, 'prophecy.' A species of divi- 
 nation, practised by credulous matrons, who pre- 
 tend to be able to know the number of children 
 a female will have, by the number of knots in 
 the navel-string of the child. 
 
 OM'PHALO-MESENTER'IC,0?w73/ia7o-me«en- 
 ter'ieus, Om'phalo-wesara'icns ; from o/ii^aXof, 'thd 
 navel,' and mesenterium, 'the mesentery.' 
 
 Omphalo-Mesenteeic Vessels, Vnei'lo-m*- 
 
OMPHALO 
 
 616 
 
 ONYCHOGRYPnOSIS 
 
 tenter'te, Vit'elUne vessels. Haller gave this name 
 to two very fine vessels, which spread their rami- 
 fications on the parietes of the umbilical vesicle. 
 There is an omphalo-mesenteric artery and vein. 
 The omphalo-mesenteric artery is a branch of the 
 superior mesenteric: — the vein empties itself into 
 the trunk, or into one of the branches of the su- 
 perior mesenteric. Velpeau affirms, that they 
 inosculate with a branch of the second or third 
 order of those great vessels, with those in parti- 
 cular that are distributed to the eascum, and he 
 regards them to be the vessels of nutrition of the 
 umbilical vesicle. They are occasionally met 
 •with in the foetus, at the full period, under the 
 form of whitish filaments, which extend from the 
 mesenteric vessels to the umbilicus. 
 
 OMPHALO- MESERAIC, Omphalo-mesen- 
 toric. 
 
 OMPHALONCUS, Omphalophyma. 
 
 OMPHALONEURORRHEXIS, Ompha- 
 lorrhexis. 
 
 OMPHALOPHY'MA, Omphaloncvs, from 
 Bfi<j>a\os, 'the navel,' and ^u/^a, 'tumour.' A tu- 
 mefaction of the navel. 
 
 OMPHALOPROPTOSrS, Exomphalus. 
 
 M P H A L R R H A G " lA, Omphalor'rTiage, 
 from on(j)a\og, 'the umbilicus,' and prj-yvufLi, 'I 
 break out.' Hemorrhage from the umbilicus, in 
 the new-born in particular. 
 
 OMPHALORRHEX'IS; from on<pa\oi, 'navel,' 
 and pf/fif, 'rupture.' Omphcdoneurorrhexis. Rup- 
 ture of the navel string. 
 
 OMPHALOS, Umbilicus. 
 
 OMPH'ALOSITE, from on<pa\oi, 'the navel,' 
 and triTo;, ' nourishment.' A monster that pos- 
 sesses an imperfect kind of life, which ceases when 
 the umbilical cord is divided. 
 
 OMPHALOT'OMY, Omphalotom'ia, from o/j.- 
 fa\o<;, ' the umbilicus,' and te/jvu, ' I cut.' The 
 division of the navel string. 
 
 OMPHALUS, Umbilicus. 
 
 OMUS, Crude, Humerus. 
 
 ONAGRA, (Enothera biennis. 
 
 OXANIA, Masturbation. 
 
 ONANISM, Masturbation. 
 
 ONCOS, Tumour. 
 
 ONCO'SES, from oyxoj, 'a tumour.' Tumours, 
 as diseases. 
 
 ONCOSIS, Intumescence. 
 
 ONCOT'OMY, Oncotom'ia, Onkotowy, from 
 oy/cof, ' a tumour,' and rojiri, ' incision.' The open- 
 ing of an abscess with a cutting instrument, or 
 the excision of a tumour. 
 
 ONCTION, Inunction. 
 
 ONCUS, Swelling, Tumour. 
 
 ONDULATION, Fluctuation. 
 
 ONEBERRY, Paris. 
 
 ONEIROCRIT'ICUS, Oneiroe' rites, from ovsi- 
 pog, 'a dream,' and koktls, 'judgment.' One who 
 judges according to dreams. 
 
 ONEIRODYN'IA, from ovetpo;, 'a dream,' and 
 o&vvtj, ' pain.' Painful dreams. Incubus and 
 Somtiamhulism are oneirodynise. 
 
 Oneirodynia Activa, Paroniria, Somnambu- 
 lism — 0. Gravans, Incubus. 
 
 ONEIRODYNIE GRAVATIVE, Incubus. 
 
 Oi^EIROG'MUo, Onclrog'yne, Oiieiropol'esis, 
 from ovapog, 'a dream.' A lascivious dream; 
 pollution ; nocturnal pollution. 
 
 ONEIROGONORRHCBA, Pollution, noc- 
 turnal. 
 
 ONEIROGONOS, Pollution. 
 
 ONEIROL'OGY, One{rolog"ia, {rovn ovrtonc:, 'a 
 dream/ and Xoyo<;, 'a description.' The doctrine 
 of dreams. 
 
 UNEIROMANTI'A, f-am ovctpos, 'a. dream,' 
 
 and navTcia, ' divination.' The art of divining by 
 dreams ; or of interpreting dreams. 
 
 ONEIRON'OSUS ; from ovtipn?, 'a dream,' 
 and vocrog, 'a disease.' Somnia'tio morho'sa. 
 Morbid, uneasy dreaming. 
 
 ONEIROPOLESIS, Oneirogmus. 
 
 ONERA ALVI, Excrement. 
 
 ONGLADE, Paronychia. 
 
 ONGLE,^sa\. 
 
 ONGLEE, (F.) Digito'rvm stupor $, gelu. 
 Painful numbness at the extremities of the lin- 
 gers, caused by cold. 
 
 ONGLET, Pterygion. 
 
 ONGUENT, Unguentum — o. d'AltJiea, Un- 
 guentum de Altheea — a. de Blanc de baleine, Un- 
 guentum cetacei — o. Blanc de Bhaae^, Unguen- 
 tum plumbi subcarboniitis — o. de Cerusse, Un- 
 guentum plumbi subcarbonatis — o. Citrin contre 
 la gale, Unguentum hydrargyri nitras — o. Diges- 
 tif simple, Unguentum digestivum simplex — o. 
 Gris, Unguentum oxidi hydrargyri cinereum — o. 
 de Guimauve, Unguentum de althaja — o. de Laii- 
 rier, Unguentum laurinum — o. Mercuriel, Un- 
 guentum hj'drargyri — o. Napiolitain, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri — o. de Nitrate de mercure, Unguen- 
 tum hydrargyri nitratis — o. de Poix et de cire, 
 Basilicon — o. de Soldat, Martiatum unguentum — 
 o. de Sureau, Unguentum sambuci — o. de Tvrna- 
 mira, Unguentum plumbi subcarbonatis. 
 
 ONION, COMMON, Allium cepa — o. Sea, 
 Scilla. 
 
 ONIS'CUS, Asel'lm, Ou'tio, Poreel'lio, Porcel'- 
 lu8, Por'cnhis, Diminutive of ovos, ' a small as?.' 
 A genus of insects very common in cellars and 
 dark and moist places. 
 
 Onisci Aselli, 3Iillep' edes, Aselli, MiUep'edo'., 
 Fahm, Wood-lice, Slaters, Hog-lice, (F.) Clopor-' 
 tee ordinaires, had, at one time, a place in the 
 pharmacopoeias. They were considered stimulant 
 and diuretic, and useful in jaundice. 
 
 ONITIS, Origanum dictamnus. 
 
 ONKOTOMY, Oncotomy. 
 
 ONOLOSAT, Obolus. 
 
 ONOMATOCLESIS, Nomenclature. 
 
 ONOMATOLOGIA, Nomenclature. 
 
 ONONIS ANTIQUORUM, 0. spinosa. 
 
 Ono'nis Arven'sis, (F.) Bugrane des cJiampg, 
 has properties like the next. 
 
 Ononis Spino'sa, ^lio'n/s, Resta Vovis, Arres'ta 
 hovis, Rem'ora Ara'tri, Ononis antiquo'rttm. Rest 
 harrow, (F.) Arrete-hauf, Bvgrande tpinense, Bu- 
 grane. A^at. Ord. LeguminosiB. Sex. Syst. Dia- 
 delphia Decandria. The root of this plant was 
 once used as a diuretic. 
 
 ONOPORDON ACAN'THIUM, Onopor'dum 
 acan'thium, Car'duns tomento'sus, Acan'thiitm, 
 Ac'anos, A. spina. Spina alba, Cotton Thistle, 
 (F.) Chardon aux Anes. i^a?»i7y, Cinarocephalea'. 
 Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polyganiia a^qualis. The 
 expressed juice has been recommended as a cure 
 for cancer applied externally. 
 
 ONOPORDUM ACANTIIIUM, Onopordon 
 acanthium. 
 
 ONTHUS, Fimus. 
 
 ONYCHAUXE, from muf, ow^og, 'a nail,' and 
 ai'^r;, 'increase.' Unusual increase of the size 
 and thickness of the nails. 
 
 ONYCIIEXALLAX'IS; from ow^, 'a nai!,' 
 and c^aWa^ts, 'change.' A morbid condition of 
 the nails. 
 
 ONYCHIA, Paronychia. 
 
 ONYCHI'TIS; from ow^, 'nail,' and itis, do- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of a nail. 
 
 ONYCHOCLASIS; from oiw^, 'a nail,' and 
 (cXuffcf, ' fracture.' Fracture of a nail.' 
 
 ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS, Onychogryphosis. 
 
 ONYCHOGRYPH O'SIB, Onychogrypo'siB, 
 
ONYCHONOSI 
 
 617 
 
 OPHTHALMIA 
 
 Onyvlior) rypl o' c'ts, Onychocrypfo' sxs, Gn'pho'si^, 
 Gryplio'nis, Onyx' is, from oi'u|, 'the nail,' and 
 gryposis, ' crookedness.' Curvature of the nails ; 
 suoh as occurs in hectic individuals. Also, grow- 
 ing in of the nails ; Incarna'tio seu Adunca'tio 
 seu Arctu'ra itn'guium. 
 
 OXYCHON'OvSI, Onyclionu'si, from ovuf, 'a 
 nail,' and voao;, 'a disease.' Disease of the nails. 
 
 ONYCHOPH'THORA, Onychophtho'ria, Ony- 
 cojth'thora, Oni/eo2)fitho'ria, from ovuf, 'the nail,' 
 and (pSopa, ' degeneration.' A degenerate condi- 
 tion or destruction of the nails. 
 
 ONYCHOPHY'MA, from ow^, 'the nail,' and 
 (pvfia, ' a tumour.' A painful degeneration of the 
 nails, which become thick, rough, and crooked. 
 It occurs as a symptom of syphilis and of lepra. 
 
 ONYCHOPTO'SIS, Piptonyc'hia, BicB'resis 
 Un'gitlfF, from ow^, 'a nail/ and iTTwaig, 'falling.' 
 The falling off of the nails. 
 
 OISTYCOPHTHORA, Onychophthora. 
 
 ONYX, Hook, blunt, Nail, Ptcrygion. Also, a 
 collection of purulent matter between the laminte 
 of the cornea, having the shape of a nail. 
 
 ONYXIS, Onychogryphosis. 
 
 ONYXITIS, see Paronychia. 
 
 OOCY'ESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian. 
 
 OODEOCELE, see Hernia (foraminis ovalis.) 
 
 OODES, Aqueous humour, Oval. 
 
 OOG'ALA, Odg'la, Ogla, Puis ex Ovis et Lacte. 
 Milk of eggs. A preparation of eggs and milk. 
 
 OOGLA, Oogala. 
 
 OOIDES, Aqueous humour. Oval. 
 
 OOLEMMA PELLUCID UM, Zona pellucida. 
 
 OOLOG"IA, Ovolog"ia, Ovol'ogy, from wov, 
 'an ovum or egg,' and >.oyog, 'a discourse,' 'a 
 description.' A description of the ovum. 
 
 OON, Ovum. 
 
 OONINE, Albumen. 
 
 OOPHORAUXE, Oarioparectama. 
 
 OOPHORITIS, Ooritis. 
 
 OOPHORON, Ovary. 
 
 OORITIS, Oaritis. 
 
 OPACITY, Opac"itaK, Opa'cousness ; from 
 ojiacare, ' to obscure.' Quality of that which is 
 opake. The property possessed by some bodies 
 of not allowing the light to traverse them. It is 
 opposed to transparency. Opacity of the cornea 
 constitutes aJbiigo or leucoma ; — opacity of the 
 crystalline causes cataract. 
 
 OPAKE', Opn'cHS, Opa'coiis. An epithet given 
 to bodies, which do not permit the passage of 
 rays of light. The opal-e cornea is the sclerotica, 
 in contradistinction to the transparent cornea or 
 true cornea. 
 
 OP'ALINE. That which resembles the opal. 
 A fluid is said to be opaline, when milky, and 
 when it presents an appearance more or less like 
 that of the opal. 
 
 OPERATIC, Action, Operation — o. Cbirur- 
 giea, see Operation — o. Chymica seu pharma- 
 eeutica, Operation, chymical, &c. — o. Simplex, 
 Ilaplotomia. 
 
 OPERA'TION, Opera'tio, from opus, oper-is, 
 'work.' The application of instruments to the 
 human body with the view of curing disease. 
 The object of an operation, opera'tio cJiirur'gica, 
 is generally to divide or reunite parts, to extract 
 extraneous or noxious bodies, and to replace or- 
 gans that are wanting, by different instruments 
 or artificial means. The principal operatory me- 
 thods have been called Synthesis, Dicsresis, Ex-a- 
 rcsis, and Prothesis. Frequently, the most diffi- 
 cult subject connected with an operation is to 
 decide when it is absolutely called for or advisa- 
 ble, and when improper. 
 
 0P:E RATION A LAMBEAU, see Flap, 
 
 Ope-ration, Bilateeal, see Lithotomy — o. Ci- 
 saricnnc, Cesarean section. 
 
 Operation, Chyh'ical or PnAmrACEc'TicAi., 
 Opera'tio chym'ica seu pharmaeeu'tiea, is any 
 process whose object is the preparation of medi- 
 cines; their combinations with each other, ana- 
 lysis, and decomposition ; ■ — such are, solution, 
 distillation, snhlimation, evaporation, digestion, 
 maceration, infusion, decoction, calcination, &e. 
 Some of these operations are mechanical ,• others, 
 really chymical. 
 
 Operation, High, see Lithotomy— o. Lateral, 
 see Lithotomy — o. Sigaultian, Symphyseotom}'. 
 
 OP'ERATOR. A surgeon who is in the habit 
 of practising the greater operations. One who 
 performs any operation. To be a good operator, 
 the surgeon must be well acquainted with ana- 
 tomy, and be possessed of strong nerve. Soo 
 Surgeon. 
 
 OPER'CULUM, Operto'rium, Operimen'ttm, 
 from operire, ' to cover.' A cover or lid. In 
 fishes, the gill cover. 
 
 Operculum Asper.e ARTEKiis, Larynx — o. 
 Cutis, Epidermis — o. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of — o. 
 Laryngis, Epiglottis — o. Oculi, Palpebra. 
 
 Operculum Papilla'rum. A shield for the 
 nipple. 
 
 OPERTMENTITM, Opereulnm — o. Tntestino- 
 rum. Epiploon — o. Pr&tensum abdominis, Peri- 
 tona3um. 
 
 OPERTORIUM. Operculum. 
 
 OPHELIA CIIIRATA, Gentiana chirayta. 
 
 OPHIASIS, Calvities, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 OPHIOGLOS'SUM VULGA'TUM, O.ovn'tum 
 seu echinoglos'sum. Lingua serpenta'ria. Adder's 
 Tongue, (F.) Langue de Serpent. Family, Fili- 
 coidon?. (S'ex. (S'ysf. Cryptogamia. This plant was 
 formerly considered to be vulnerary. 
 
 OPHIOPH'AGUS, from o^i?, 'a serpent,' and 
 (/layo), ' I eat.' An epithet for animals which feed 
 on serpents. Pliny has called certain African 
 tribes by this name. 
 
 OPIlioRRHI'ZA, 0. mv-ngos, from o<l>ig, 'a 
 serpent,' and ^li^a, 'root.' Family, Gentianese. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The name of 
 the plant whose root has been called Radix Ser- 
 pen'tum, 3Iungos Radix. The bitter root is much 
 esteemed in Java, Sumatra, Ac, for preventing 
 the effects that usually follow the bite of the 
 naja, a venomous serpent; with which view it is 
 eaten by the natives. It is, also, a reputed an- 
 thelmintic. 
 
 OPHIOXYLON, Ophioxylum. 
 
 OPHIOX'l^LUM, from o(p,c, 'a serpent,' and 
 ^v'Sov, 'wood.' Ophioxylum seu Ophioxylim ser- 
 penti'num seu trifolia'tuw, Acaice'ria, Lignum 
 serpentum, has been recommended in the bites of 
 serpents, and in intermittents. It is said to be 
 verv bitter. 
 
 OPHIS, Serpent. 
 
 OPIII'TES, from o<{,ig, 'a serpent.' Serpent!'- 
 nus, Ser'pentine or Blatle Por'phyry. This rock 
 was formerly worn as an Ainulet, to cure diseases 
 of the head. 
 
 OPHROSTAPHYLON, Bryonia alba. 
 
 OPHRYS, Supercilium. 
 
 OPHTHALMAL'GIA, from o4,^a'\iios, 'the 
 eye,' and a\yog, 'pain.' Paia in the eye. Neti- 
 ralgia of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMEMPASMA Collyrium siecum. 
 
 OPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalmi'tis, from o<p^a\nog, 
 'the eye.' Oculo'rum inflanima'tio, Camna oph- 
 thalmi'tis, Ophthahnopo'nia, hijiamma'tion of the 
 Eye, Ophthalmy, (F.) Ophthahnie, Ophthahiite, 
 Inflammation de I'oeil, Catarrhe nculaire. Three 
 great varieties of ophthalmia, inJependrtntly of 
 the acute and chronic (which conditions occur ia 
 
OPHTHALMIA 
 
 618 
 
 OPHTHALMIATROTECHNICA 
 
 all inflammations,) may be reclconed: — tbc OjA- 
 thalmia memhranarum, 0. purulenta, a,nd 0. Uirai. 
 The first is characterized by the general symp- 
 toms of ophthalmia; — pain and redness of the 
 ej'e or its appendages ; with intolerance of light, 
 and unusual flow of tears; the inflammation being 
 seated chiefly in the coats of the eyeball. It is 
 the Hymenophthal' mia, Ophthalmia tarax'is, Con- 
 Junctivi'tia, hiflamma'tio conjuncti'vce, Sympjhy- 
 meni'tis, Sijndesmi'tis, Catarr'hal ophthalmia, 
 Ophthalmo-conjunctivi'tis, 0. hu'mida, 0. vera, 
 Epiph'ora (Galen), Conjtmctival Ojjhthal'mia, 
 Tarax'is (Paulus of iEgina), Ohemo'sia (Aetius,) 
 0. Chemosis, Lach' rymose Ophthalmia, (F.) Con- 
 Jonctivite, Inflammation de la conjonctiSe. In the 
 second, — Ophthalmia purulen'ta, 0. puriform'is, 
 Blennophthahnia, Bleph' arohlennorrhce' a, Oph- 
 thalmoblennorrhoea, Blennorrhcea oc'xdi — the in- 
 ternal surface of the palpebrae associates in the 
 inflammation of the eye-ball ; and there is a co- 
 pious secretion of a purulent fluid. An epidemic 
 and contagious(?) variety of this is the Egyptian 
 Ophthalmia, Ophthalmia ejndem'ica, 0. purulen'ta 
 epidem'ica, 0. contagio'sa, 0. Catarrha'lis heV- 
 lica, LocmoplUhal' mia, 0. hel'lica, 0. Asiat'ica, 
 Blennorrhoi'a Ocidi ^r/yjMaca, Conjunctivi'tis 
 puro-muco'sa contagio'sa vel JEgyptiaca, Blepha- 
 ro'tis glandulu'ris contagio'sa, Adeni'tis palpe- 
 hra'rum contagiosa, 0. purulenta contagio'sa, 
 Gonjiinctivi'tis puro-muco' sa contagio'sa, Sup'pu- 
 rative ophthalmia, Ejiidemie contagions ophthal'- 
 rnia — called Egyptian, from its prevalence in 
 Egypt during the British Expedition under Sir 
 llalph Abercrombie. The inflammation is rapid 
 and destructive; granulations shoot from the tu- 
 nica conjunctiva, and occasionally there is intole- 
 
 rable pain, often succeeded by delirium. In new- 
 born children, a species of purulent ophthalmia, 
 0. purulen'ta infan' turn, 0. Neonato'rum, Blepha- 
 rophthalmia neonato'rum, Lippitu' do neonato'rum^ 
 Blennorrhce'a Oc'uli neonato'rum, Ophthal'mo- 
 blennorrhce'a neonato'rum, Blep)haro-hlennorrhoe' a 
 neonato'rum, Blepharo- pyorrhoea neonato'rumf 
 Pyophthalmia neonato' rum, Psoropihthalmia neo- 
 nato'rum, (F.) Ophthalmic purif or me dcs nouveau- 
 nes, in which the palpebrse are florid and pecu- 
 liarly tumid, is by no means uncommon. It 
 seems to be caused by acrid discharges from the 
 mother, applied to the eye of the infant during 
 its exit; or to the stimulus of the li^ht, when tha 
 child first opens its eyes. A sever^ foim of pu- 
 rulent ophthalmia — Hyperconjonctivite (Piorry) 
 — is produced by the application of gonorrhceal 
 matter to the eye. It is the Ophthalmia gonor- 
 rho'ica, Blennorrhce' a oculi gonorrho'ica, Con- 
 junctivi'tis blennorrhag"ica, C. gonorrho'ica. Go- 
 norrhoe'al Ophthal'mia, (F.) 02>hthalmie blennor- 
 rhagique, Conjonctivite blennorrhagiqne. 
 
 Ophthalmia is likewise modified by the condi- 
 tion of the constitution, and hence we have stric- 
 mous, variolous, and other inflammations of th« 
 conjunctiva. 
 
 The third variety — the Ophthalmia Tarsi, 0. 
 glutino'sa, Blepharop)hthal' mia, Blepharotis, Ble- 
 pharoti'tis, Blephari'tis, Blepharadeni'tis, Pso- 
 ro2>hthal'mia, Oc'uli palpebra' rum scn'btes pir^iri- 
 gino'sa, Adenophthalmia — is seated chiefly in the 
 tarsus ; the sebaceous crj'pts secreting a viscid 
 and acrid fluid, that glues and ulcerates its edges, 
 and irritates the eye. 
 
 The different forms of inflammation of the con- 
 junctiva are thus classed by M. Desmarres ; 
 
 Conjunctivitis. 
 
 '1. Pure or phlegmonous. 
 2. Pustular. 
 
 3. Granular or catarrhal 
 
 r Contagious. 
 
 Non-contagious. 
 J Miasmatic. 
 
 . Exanthematic, 
 
 ( Of new-born infants. 
 
 Purulent < Gonorrhoeal. 
 
 [ Egyptian. 
 
 ( Erysipelatous. 
 J Variolous. 
 I Morbillous. 
 [ Scarlatinous. 
 
 Conjunctivitis, when slight, requires little treat- 
 ment : the antiphlogistic regimen — .and, particu- 
 larly, avoiding exposure to light, — being all that 
 is necessary. When more severe, along with 
 this, general and local blood-letting, especially 
 by leeches to the side of the septum narium, 
 must be employed so as to make a decided im- 
 pression on the system; with nauseating doses 
 of antimony, purgatives, blisters (at some dis- 
 tance from the organ), refrigerants ; and astrin- 
 gents, cold or warm, according to circumstances, 
 to the eye. In Purulent Ophthalmy, these mea- 
 sures must be still more actively employed, other- 
 wise disorganization will speedily follow: — the 
 granulations, which form on the adnata of the 
 eyelids may be removed with the scissors, and 
 the see be touched with a solution of alum. 
 Ophthalmia Tarsi must be treated on general 
 principles, when severe. It usually, however, 
 requires merely the antiphlogistic regimen, with 
 the occasional use, especially at night, of a 
 slightly stimulating ointment, such as the ungu- 
 enium hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi, considerably re- 
 duced vrith lard. The ointment prevents the 
 eyelidik f-om being glued together during tlie 
 nighi, and thus obviates the iiTitation caused by 
 attempts at separating them. 
 
 Ophthalmia, ^iGVPTiAN, see Ophthalmia — o. 
 
 Asiatica. see Ophthalmia — o. Bellica, see Oph- 
 thalmia — 0. Biliosa, Ophthalmocholosis — o. Ca- 
 tarrhal, see Ophthalmia — o. Catarrhalis bellica, 
 see Ophthalmia — o. Chronica, Lippitudo — -o. Con- 
 junctival, see Ophthalmia — o. Contagiosa, see 
 Ophthalmia — o. Epidemica, see Ophtlialmia — o. 
 Glutinosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhoica, seo 
 Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhoeal, see Ophthalmia — • 
 o. Ilumida, see Ophthalmia. — o. Lachrymose, seo 
 Ophthalmia — o. Membranarum, see Ophthalmia 
 
 — 0. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — o. Phlycte- 
 nular, see Ophthalmia — o. Puriformis, see Oph- 
 thalmia — 0. Purulenta, see Ophthalmia — o. Puru- 
 lenta contagiosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta 
 epidemica, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta infan- 
 tum, see Ophthalmia — o. Rheuraatic, Sclerotitis 
 
 — 0. Sicca, Xerophthalmia — o. Suppurative, see 
 Ophthalmia — o. Taraxis, see Ophthalmia — o. 
 Tarsi, see Ophthalmia — o. Ulcerosa, Ilelcoph- 
 thalmia — o. Varicose, Cirsophthalmia — o. Vera, 
 see Ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMIATER, Oculist. 
 
 OPHTHALMIATRI'A, Ophthalmiatrotech'^ 
 nica, Ojilithalmotherapi' a ; from o<j>da\^o;, 'the 
 eye,' and larpos, 'a, physician.' The art of the 
 oculist. Treatment of diseases of the e3'e. 
 
 P H T HALM lATROTECHNICA, Ophthal. 
 miatria. 
 
OPHTHALMIC 
 
 619 
 
 OPHTHALMOTOMY 
 
 OPHTHAL'MIC, Oi^TitTiaV micus, from o(p^a'X- 
 pof, 'the eye/ That which relates or belongs to 
 the eye. 
 
 Ophthalmic Artery, A. orhitaire, (Ch.) arises 
 from the internal carotid, and issues from the 
 cranium hy the foramen opticum. At first, it is 
 situate at the outer and lower side of the optic 
 nerve, but ascends above this nerve, and passes 
 towards the inner angle of the orbit. It fur- 
 nishes, in its course, the laclirymal, centralis re- 
 tincB, itifra-orhitara, cillaries, anterior ciliaries, 
 inferior and superior miiscidars, anterior and 
 posterior ethmoidals, and superior and inferior 
 jmlpchrals. After having given off these, it di- 
 vides into two branches — the frontal and nasal, 
 which furnish a number of ramifications, — some 
 superficial, others deep-seated. 
 
 Ophthal'jiic GAXG'LIO:^f, Lentic'ular G., CiV- 
 iary ganglion, G. orhitaire (Ch.), is one of the 
 smallest ganglions of the body, and formed by the 
 5th and 3d pairs of encephalic nerves. It is situate 
 at the outer side of the optic nerve near the bot- 
 tom of the orbit ; is irregularly quadrilateral and 
 fiat : its colour of a reddish gray. Behind, it 
 communicates by its posterior angles — by means 
 of nervous filaments — with the nasal nerve of the 
 ophthalmic and the motor oculi. Each of its an- 
 terior angles furnishes a fasciculus of small nerves. 
 These are the ciliary nerves. 
 
 Ophthalmic Nerve, Ophthalmic Nerve of 
 Willis, Or'hito-frontal, (Ch.) is the smallest and 
 first of the three branches given oflT by the 5th 
 pair. It proceeds along the external paries of 
 the cavernous sinus, and enters the orbit by the 
 Bphenoidal fissure. It divides into three branches : 
 one, external — the lachrymal nerve; another, su- 
 perior — frontal nerve; and the last, internal — 
 the nasal nerve. See Lachrymal, Frontal, Nasal. 
 Ophthalmic or Optic Remedy, Ophthal'micum 
 sou Op'ticum, (F.) Topique ophthalmique, is a 
 medicine employed in ophthalmia. 
 
 Ophthalmic Sinus, see Cavernous Sinus. 
 Ophthalmic Vein has the same arrangement 
 as the artery, which it accompanies in all its 
 divisions. It issues from the orbit at the inner 
 part of the sphenoidal fissure, and discharges its 
 blood into the cavernous sinus. 
 
 The name Facial Ophthalmic has been given 
 to the branch by which the facial vein communi- 
 cates with the ophthalmic. 
 
 OPHTHALMICA, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 OPHTHALMICI EXTERNI, Motores oculo- 
 rum. 
 
 OPHTHALMICUM, Ophthalmic remedy. 
 OPHTHALMIDIUM, Microphthalmus. 
 OPHTHALiMIE PURIFOIUIE DBS NOV- 
 VEAU-NES, see Ophthalmia — o. Blennorrha- 
 gique, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALSIITE, Ophthalmia. 
 OPHTHALMI'TIS, Ophthalmia. This term is 
 occasionally restricted to inflammation of the 
 globe of the eye, in which, both the external and 
 internal structures are involved. 
 
 OPHTHALMIUM, Microphthalmus. 
 OPHTHALMO-BLENNORRHGEA, Ophthal- 
 mia (purulent) — o. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia 
 (purulenta infantum.) 
 
 OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA, from oipSa^fiog, 
 ' the eye,' and KapKivw/xa, ' cancer.' Cancer of the 
 eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOCELE, Exophthalmia. 
 OPHTHALMOCHOLO'SIS, from o<p5a\ixoi, 
 ' the eye,' and ;^oA>7, ' bile ;' Ophthal'mia hilio'sa. 
 Ophthalmia from biliary excitement. 
 
 OPHTHALMOCHROITES, see Choroidea tu- 
 nica. 
 
 OPHTHALMO-CONJUNCTIVITIS, see Oph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMODULI'A, from o^SaX^os, 'the 
 eye,' and ^ouXtta, ' servitude.' Eye-service. The 
 title of a book by Bartisch on diseases of the eye. 
 OPHTHALMODYN'IA, from o<j>U\ixos, 'the 
 eye,' and oivvrj, 'pain,' especially rheumatic pain 
 of the eye. Plenck has given this name to neu- 
 ralgia of the frontal nerve, in which the pain 
 radiates particularly towards the bottom of the 
 orbit. See Neuralgia, Frontal. 
 
 Ophthalmodynia Periodica, Neuralgia, fa- 
 cial. 
 
 OPHTHALM(EDE'MA; from o(p?^a)^iJ,os, 'the 
 eye,' and odrifia, ' oedema.' CEdema of the con- 
 junctiva. 
 
 OPHTHALMOG'RAPHY, from ociSaX^o?, 'the 
 eye,' and ■ypa<pri, ' a description.' The part of ana- 
 tomy which gives a description of the eye. An 
 anatomical description of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOL'OGY, Ophthabnolog"ia, Oph- 
 thahnotol'ogy, (F.) Ooulistique, from o<p5a'Siios, 
 ' the eye,' and Xoyo;, ' a discourse.' The part of 
 anatomy which treats of the eye. An anatomicai 
 treatise on the eye. A description of the eye in 
 health and disease. 
 
 OPHTHALMOM'ETER, from o(<,^a>^Lo;, 'the 
 eye,' and nerpov, 'measure.' An instrument of 
 the nature of compasses, invented by F. Petit, 
 for measuring the capacity of the anterior and 
 posterior chambers of the eye in anatomical ex- 
 periments. 
 
 OPHTHALMOMYI'TIS, Ophthalmomyosi'tis, 
 from o(pS-aXixo;, 'the eye,' itvs, 'a muscle,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 muscles of the ej^e. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS, Ophthalmople- 
 gia. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from o^5a\- 
 jic;, 'the e3''e,' ^X£i|, *a vein,' and rojiri, 'inci- 
 sion.' Bleeding from the vessels of the con- 
 junctiva. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPHTHAR'SIS, Ophthalmoph- 
 thi'sis, from oip^a'Xfjiog, 'the eye,' and (jiOapci;, 'cor- 
 ruption.' Destruction of the eyeball. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS,Ophthalmophtliar- 
 sis. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPLE'GIA, Op>hthalmoparal'y. 
 sis, from o^daXixog, 'the eye,' and -ntKijcctu, 'I 
 strike.' Paralysis of one or more of the muscles 
 of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPONIA, Ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPTO'SIS, from o<p^tt\fios, 'an 
 eye,' and irToung, ' a prolapse.' A word employed 
 by some authors in the sense of exophthalmia, 
 by others, in that of h3'drophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMORRHAG"IA, from o<l,5a}<fioi, 
 'the eye,' and priyvvfii, 'I break forth.' Hemor- 
 rhage from the tunica conjunctiva. It is rare. 
 
 OPHTHALMOS, Eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOSCO P'lA, OphtMlmoscopy, 
 from o(^5uX;)oy, 'the eye,' and orKOTreo), 'I regard 
 attentively.' The art of judging of the temper, 
 <fcc. of a person by examining his eyes. The art 
 of judging of health or disease by inspection of 
 the eyes. Exploration of the eyes in order to a 
 diagnosis. . 
 
 OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM, (F.)0/jA«^aZ'mos«a*, 
 from o(l)5aXiJiog, 'the eye,' and cracig, 'station;' 
 Spec'ulum Oc'uli. An instrument for fixing tho 
 eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA, Ophthalmiatria. 
 
 OPHTHALMOTOLOGY, Ophthalmology. 
 
 OPHTHALMOT'OMY, Ophthalmotom'ia, from 
 o(p5a\nos, 'the eye,' and Tcyvm, ' I cut.' The pa»» 
 
OPTnALMOXEROSIS 
 
 620 
 
 OPSIONUSI 
 
 uf anatomy which treats of the dissection of the 
 eye. It has, also, heen applied to extirpation of 
 the eye. 
 
 OPTHALMOXEROSIS, Xerophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMOX'YSIS, from o<p^a\iw;, 'the 
 eye,' and ^vm, ' I scrape.' A name given to the 
 Ecarification sometimes practised on the conjunc- 
 tiva, in cases of ophthalmia. 
 
 0VELT'iIAJjM0XY&'TB,myl,0p7ithaImoxi/s'fer, 
 Ophthalmoxyste' lium ,Xi/8trum ophthaV miciim. An 
 instrument for scraping the eye. Name given to 
 a small brush, with barbs like an ear of barley or 
 rye, intended to scarify the eyelids in certain 
 cases of ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMUS, Eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMTMEXI'TIS, OpltTialmoTiymeni'- 
 tis, from oipOat^iioi, ' eye,' 'vfi-nv, ' membrane,' and 
 itis, denoting inMammation. Inflammation of one 
 or more of the msmliranes of the eye. 
 
 OP I ACE, Opiate. 
 
 OPIACUM, Opiatum. 
 
 OPIANE, Narcotine. 
 
 OPIAXUM, Narcotine. 
 
 OP I AT, Opiate — o. Dentifrice, Dentifrice. 
 
 O'PIATE, Opia'tum, Opia'cinn, Papa vera' - 
 ceiim, Ilceo'nieum, (F.) Opiat, Opiaece, from ottlov, 
 (a-oj, 'juice,') 'opium.' A medicine containing 
 opium. A medicine that procures sleep. An 
 elcctuarij ■. — formerly, an electuary, which con- 
 tained opium. 
 
 O'PIATED, Opia'hig. Impregnated with opi- 
 um. Affected bv opium. 
 
 OPIATUM FEBRIF'UGUM, Electiia'riura 
 de Kind Kind; Elec'tiiary of Cincho'na. [Pulv. 
 cinch, g^sviij, avimon. muriat. Jj, niellis, syrup, 
 absinth, aa §ij. Make into an electuary. Ph. P.) 
 Given, when cinchona is indicated. 
 
 Opiatum Mesexter'icum, Electua'rium de 
 A'loe, Mii.ria'te Hydrar'gyri, et Ferro. (Gum. 
 ammon. ^ss, sennm Jvj, hydrargyri submuriaj., 
 rod. ari., aloes socotrin. aa ^'J; pjidv. scammon. 
 comp. (vulg. de tribtis.) rhej. rad. aa 3^iij, ferri 
 limatur. porpjhyrisat. ^ss. Bruise and mix to- 
 gether, add of compound syrup of apiples double 
 the weight of the other matters, and make into 
 an electuary. Ph. P.) Dose, ^ss to gijj ii ob- 
 structions of the liver, mesentery, Ac. 
 
 OPIATUS, Opiated. 
 
 OPION, Opium. 
 
 OPISMA, Succus. 
 
 OPIS'THENAR, Dorsum mands, from oincrOe, 
 'backwards,' and Oevao, 'the flat of the hand.' 
 The back of the hnnd. 
 
 OPISTHOCEPHALON, Occiput. 
 
 OPISTirOCRANIUM, Occiput. 
 
 OPISTHOCYPHOSIS, Cyphoma. 
 
 OPISTIIOLOB'IUM,0/iiVAo<'n(ni, from o-lgBz, 
 'behind,' and Xofiiov, 'the lobe of the ear.' Any 
 agent applied behind the ear. 
 
 OPISTHOTIUM, Opistholobium. 
 
 OPISTHOT'ONOS, Raptus posterga'nens, Tet'- 
 anus dvrsa'lis, T. poxti'cus, T. posterga'neus, from 
 oTTjtrSe, ' backwards,' and tuvu}, ' I stretch.' A 
 species of tetanus, in which the body is bent 
 backwards. 
 
 OPIUM, see Papaver — o. Colatum, Extractum 
 opii — 0. Depuratum, Extractum opii — o. Eaters, 
 Theriaki. 
 
 OPOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobalsamum. 
 
 OPOCARPASON, Carpasium (jirice.) 
 
 OPODELDOC, Opodeldoeh. 
 OPODEL'DOCH, Opodel'toeh, Opodeldoc. An 
 nnmciining term, frequently used by Paracelsus. 
 Formerlj', it signified a plaster for all external 
 injuries : now, it is applied to the Linimentum 
 tiaponiis Compositnu. 
 
 Opodeldoch, Steer's. A liniment, called aft-er 
 the inventor. There are many formulae for its 
 preparation. The following is one. Sap. alb. Bjj, 
 camphor ^ij, ol. rorismari iii f^iv, spiritus vini 
 rectifieati Oij. See Linimentum Saponis Compo- 
 situm. 
 
 OPODYMUS, Diprosopus. 
 
 OPOPIOS, Optic. 
 
 OPOPONACUM, Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 OPOPONAX, see Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 OPOPONAXWORT, Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 OPO'RICE, from o-roipa, 'autumnal fruits.' A 
 medicine, composed of several autumnal fruits, 
 particularly of quinces, pomegranates, &c. and 
 wine. It was formerly administered in dysen- 
 tery, diseases of the stomach, &c. 
 
 OPOS, Succus expressus — o. Silphion, Laser- 
 pitinm. 
 
 OPPIDULUM, Vulva. 
 
 OPPILATIO, Emphraxis — 0. Telse Cellulosae, 
 Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 OPPILATIVUS, Obstruens. 
 
 OPPO'NENS,(F.)Oyj/)o.sa?if,fromo&,and^o)i€re, 
 ' to place.' That which faces or is put in opposi- 
 tion to something. The name has been given to 
 two muscles of the hand. 
 
 Opponexs MiN'uri DiG"iTr, Carpo-metacarpien 
 du petit doigt (Ch.), Metacarpien da 2J^tit doigt, 
 (F.) Opposant du p)ctii doigt. This muscle has 
 the same shape and arrangement as the preceding, 
 but is of less size. It is situate in the hypothe- 
 nar eminence. Its fibres are inserted into the 
 anterior annular ligament of the carpus, and ter- 
 minate on the whole length of the inner edge of 
 the 5th metacarpal bone. This muscle carries 
 the 5th metacarpal bone forwards and outwards, 
 and thus augments the concavity of the palm of 
 the hand. 
 
 Opponens Pol'licis, Flexor ossis metacar'px 
 pollicis, Opponens pollicis manus, Flexor jyrimi 
 interno'dii (Douglass,) Antith'enar sive semi-in- 
 terosseus piolUcis, (F.) Carpo-metacarpien du 
 piouce (Ch.) Jletacarpien du p)ouce, Opposant du 
 Ponce. A small, flat, triangular muscle, situate 
 in the substance of the thenar eminence. It is 
 attached, on the one hand, to the anterior annu- 
 lar ligament of the carpus and to the trapezium ; 
 and, on the other, to the whole of the outer mar- 
 gin of the first metacarpal bone. This muscle 
 impresses on the first bone of the metacarpus a 
 movement of rotation, which opposes the thumb 
 to the other fingers. 
 
 OPPOSANT, Opponens — o. du Petit doigt, 
 Opponens minimi digiti — o. du Pouce, Opponens 
 pollicis. 
 
 OPPRESSIO, Catalepsy, Oppression — o. Noc- 
 turna. Incubus. 
 
 OPPRESSION, Oppres'sio, Thlipsis, Cata- 
 thlips'is, from opprimere (ob, and p>i'emerc, pres- 
 sum,) 'to press against.' A state, in which the 
 patient experiences a sensation of weight in the 
 part affected. When employed abstractedly, ifc 
 means, particularly, Oppression of the chest — 
 Oppressio Pcc'toris, (F.) 0. de Poitrine. 
 
 OppnESSloy, Oppres'sio vir'ium, (F.) Oppres- 
 sion des forces, is, also, used for that condition, at 
 the commencement of fevers, <tc., in which the 
 system is oppressed rather than debilitated, and 
 where the vascular action rises, as the obstruc- 
 tion to free circulation is relieved by bleeding, 
 purging, <tc. 
 
 OPS. Eye. 
 
 OPSEONUSI, Opsionusi. 
 
 OPSIALGIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
 
 OPSIONU'SI, Opseonu'si, from tu^is, 'vision,' 
 and vouo-of, 'a disease;' Morbi visCis. Diseases 
 of vision. 
 
OPSIOTOCIA 
 
 621 
 
 ORBIT 
 
 OPSIOTOCIA, from od's, 'too late,' and roKo;, 
 'birth;' Partus sero'tinus. Parturition after tLe 
 UGual period. See Pregnancy. 
 OPSIS, Pupil, Vision. 
 
 OPSOMA'NIAC, Opsom'anes, (F.) Opsomane, 
 from oiot, 'aliment,' and jinvLa. One who loves 
 Bome pnrtieular aliment to madness. 
 
 OPTESIS, Assatio. 
 
 OPTIC, Op'ticus, Opo'pioB, from o-nroiiat, 'I 
 see.' That which relates to vision. 
 
 OPTIC CENTRE, Centrum op'ticmn. The 
 optic centre of the crystalline is the point at 
 which the various rays proceeding from an object 
 cross in their way to the retina. 
 
 Optic Commissure, see Chiasmus. 
 
 Optic Foramen, Fora'men op'ticum, (F.) Trou 
 optique. A round opening in the sphenoid bone, 
 near the base of its lesser ala, through which the 
 optic nerve passes. 
 
 Optic Ganglia, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
 
 Optic Groove. A transverse groove on the su- 
 perior surface of the sphenoid bone, on which the 
 commissure of the optic nerve rests, and which is 
 continuous on each side with the optic foramen. 
 
 Optic Lobes, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
 
 Optic Nerve, Nervus op'ticus, Par secun'dum 
 ECU op'ticum seu viso'rium, Nerve of the 2d pair, 
 Nervus visi'vus seu viso'rius. Ocular nerve of 
 Chaussier. The optic nerves are remarkable for 
 their size ; for their running a longer course 
 within than without, the cranium," and for their 
 furnishing no branch from their origin to their 
 termination. They do not seem to arise, as was 
 long supposed, from the optic thalami, but from 
 the tubercula quadrigemina. Immediately after 
 their origin the o^jJi'c tracts, Tractus oj^'ticus, pro- 
 ceed forwards; are, at first, broad and flat; but 
 afterwards become narrower and round. In front 
 of the fossa pituitaria, they unite and decussate, 
 each nerve proceeding through the optic foramen 
 with the ophthalmic artery. The nerve passes 
 to the back part of the globe of the eye, becomes 
 narrower, and enters that organ to give rise to the 
 nervous expansion called the retina. Besides its 
 neurilemma, the optic nerve is surrounded by a 
 sheath, furnished by the dura mater. This ac- 
 companies it as far as the eye. 
 
 The optic nerve is the nerve of special sensi- 
 bility of the eye. 
 
 Optic Remedy, see Ophthalmic remedy. 
 
 Optic Thalami, Thalami nervorum opticorum 
 ^0. Tracts, see Optic nerve. 
 
 OPTICO-TBO CHLEI- SOLER TICIEN, 
 Oblique, superior of the eye. 
 
 OPTICUM, Ophthalmic remedy. 
 
 OPTILOS, Eye. 
 
 OPTOM'ETER, from oTrro/iai, 'I see,' and 
 ficTpov, ' a measure.' An instrument for measuring 
 the distance of distinct vision. 
 
 OPUNTIA, Cactus opuntia. 
 
 OR, Gold — o. Cyanure, d', see Gold — o. Divise, 
 see Gold — o. Eydrochlorate d', see Gold — o. lodure 
 d', see Gold — o. Nitromuriate d', see Gold — o. 
 Oxide d', see Gold — o et de Sodium, chlorure d', 
 see Gold — o. et de Soude, Hydrochlorate d', see 
 Gold — o. et de Soude, Muriate d,' see Gold. 
 
 ORA SERRATA, see Ciliary (Body.) 
 
 ORACH, STINKING, Cbenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 ORAL, (P.) Oral, Vocal, from os, oris, 'a 
 mouth.' Relating to the mouth or to speech. 
 
 ORANGE, FLOWERS OF THE, see Citrus 
 aurantium — o. Root, Hydrastis Canadensis — o. 
 Tree, Citrus aurantium. 
 
 ORANGEADE. A drink, made with orange 
 juice diluted with water. It is antiphlogistic, 
 and often recommended in acute diseases. 
 
 ORANGES, see Citrus aurantium — o. Curas- 
 soa, Aurantia eurassaventia. 
 
 OREES CARTILAGINOSI TRACEEiE, see 
 Trach ea. 
 
 OBICULAIRE DES LEVRES, Orbicularis 
 oris — o. des Paupieres, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
 
 ORBICULAR, Orbicula'ris, from orhis, 'a 
 circle.' Spherical, circular. 
 
 Orbicular Bone, Os orhicula're seu lenticu- 
 la're seu Sylvii seu orhicula're Syl'vii, Gloh'nlui 
 stapi'edis ossis, Epiph'ysis cruris loi.tjio'ris in'cu- 
 dis, Ossic'ulum orhicula're seu squnmo'sum seu 
 cochleare seu quartum, is the smallest of the four 
 bones of the ear. It is scarcely perceptible, round, 
 convex on two surfaces, and situate between the 
 long ramus of the incus and the head of the 
 stapes. 
 
 Orbicular Muscles are muscles with circular 
 fibres surrounding some natural opening of the 
 body. 1. Orhicula'ris Oris, Sphincter Lahio' rum, 
 Semi vel Eemi-orhicida' ris, Supra-semi-orhicnla'- 
 ris, Constric'tor Oris, Lahia'lis, OscuJato'rius, 
 Basia'tor, (F.) Lahial, Orhicidaire des levres. A 
 muscle situate in the substance of the lips, and 
 extending from one commissure to the other. 
 It is formed of two very distinct portions, of a 
 semi-oval shape ; one belonging to the upper lip, 
 the other to the lower. Their extremities cross 
 at the commissures, and .are confounded with the 
 other muscles of the parts. The use of this fleshy 
 muscle is to bring the lips together, and to close 
 the aperture of the mouth, by making it repre- 
 sent a sort of hourrclet with radiated wrinkles. 
 It is an antagonist to every other muscle of the 
 lips. 2. Orbicularis Palpehra'rum, Orhicularia 
 oc'uli. Orbicularis palpehra'rum cilia'ris, Palpe- 
 hra'rum duo mus'culi, 3Iaxil'lo-palpehral, Palpe- 
 hra'lis, Constrict' or palpehra'rum. Sphincter Pal- 
 pehra'rum seu Oculi, (F.) Naso-p)alptehral (Ch.), 
 Palpjehral, Orhicidaire des paitpieres. A muscle 
 common to both the eyelids, and seated in their 
 substance. It is broad, thin, transversely oval, 
 and cleft in its great diameter. It is attached to 
 the nasal process of the superior maxillary bone; 
 to the internal angular process of the frontal bone, 
 and to the orbitar process of the superior maxil- 
 lai-y bone. From these origins the muscle passes 
 outwards, under the skin of the eyelids, surround- 
 ing the orbit in a circular mannei-, extending 
 somewhat beyond it, and covering the upper part 
 of the cheek. It is inserted into the skin of the 
 eyelids, its upper and inner edge being intimately 
 connected with the frontal and corrugator mus- 
 cles. Its use is to close the eye, by bringing the 
 eyelids together. The part of the orbicularis 
 Vi'hich covers the cartilages of the eyelids, and 
 which is remarkably thin, is the Musculus Cilia- 
 ris of some authors. 
 
 ORBICULARIS OCULI, Orbicularis palpe- 
 brarum, see Orbicular muscles — o. Oris, see Or- 
 bicular muscles — o. Palpebrarum, see Orbicular 
 muscles — o. Palpebrarum ciliaris, see Orbicular 
 muscles — o. Recti, Sphincter ani externus. 
 
 ORBICULUS CILIARIS, CUiary ligament. 
 Ciliary zone. 
 
 ORBIS GENU, Patella. 
 
 ORBIT, Or'hita, 0. oc'uli, Troch'ia, Conchus 
 seu Cav'itas seu Fo'vea seu Pelvic'ula oc'uli, 
 from 07-bis, 'a circle.' The circular cavities are 
 so called, which lodge the organs of sight. The 
 orbits or orbitar fossa or cavities, conchi, Koyj^oi, 
 are situate at the upper part of the face, and are 
 composed of seven bones, viz.: — the frontal, 
 above; ^^ palate and superior maxillary, he]ovf ; 
 the sphenoid and malar, externally : and the eth- 
 moid and lachrymal, internally. The orbit is 
 filled by the globe of the ej^e, with its different 
 accessary parts — muscles, nerves, vessels, the 
 laehrj'mal gland, &c. Its margin is termed mti'-^o 
 orhita'lis. 
 
ORBITA 
 
 622 
 
 ORGANISATIO 
 
 ChBlTA, Orbit — o. Ocuii, Orbit. 
 
 ORBITAL FISSURE, INFERIOR, Sphe- 
 noidal fissure — 0. Fissure, superior, Maxillary 
 fissure. 
 
 OR'BITAR, Orhila'rius, Orbita'Us, Or'hiud. 
 Same etymon. Relating or belonging to the 
 orbit. 
 
 Orbitar Apoph'tses or Proc"esses terminate 
 the two extremities of the orbitar arch. The ex- 
 ternal is much more prominent, and is articulated 
 Tvith the cheek-bone ; the internal is thinner, and 
 joins the os unguis. 
 
 Orbitar Arch, (F.) Arcade orbitaire, is the 
 projecting, round margin, which separates the 
 frontal and orbitar surfaces of the os frontis, and 
 forms a part of the circumference of the orbit. 
 
 Or'bitar Fissures, (F.) Fentes orbitaires. 
 These are situate in the orbit. They are two in 
 number: one superior, the Sphenoidal; the other 
 inferior, the Spheno-maxillary. 
 
 Orbitar Foram'ina. Of these thei-e are seve- 
 ral: — 1, The Foramen orbitariuni sitpe'rius, (F.) 
 'Frou orbitaire superieur, which is situate at the 
 junction of the inner third of the orbitar arch 
 with its two outer thirds, and gives passage to 
 the frontal nerve. 2. The Foram'ina orbita'ria 
 interio'ra vel inter'na, Foram'ina Etlimo'idea. 
 These are situate at the upper part of the inter- 
 nal paries of the orbit, are formed by the union 
 of two notches of the os frontis with two similar 
 ones of the ethmoid ; and are distinguished into 
 anterior and posterior. The former gives passage 
 to the ethmoidal filament of the nasal nerve and 
 to a small artejy. 
 
 Orbitar Nerve, Nervu-s orbita'lis seu orbita'- 
 rius eeu subcuta'neus malts, is a branch given ofi" 
 from the superior maxillary. It enters the orbit 
 by the spheno-maxillary fissure, and divides into 
 two filaments; the one — malar — which passes 
 over the cheek-bone, is distributed to the orbicu- 
 laris palpebrarum, and anastomoses with the fa- 
 cial nerve; the other — temporal — which passes 
 to the temporal fossce, and anastomoses with the 
 Inferior maxillary and facial, to become after- 
 wards subcutaneous. 
 
 ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLER TICIEN, Rectus 
 externus oeuli — o. Intus-Sc-leroticien, Rectus in- 
 ternus oculi — o. Maxillo-labial, Levator labii 
 snperioris proprius — o. Palpebral, Levator pal- 
 pebrse superioris — o. Sas-palpebral, Levator pal- 
 pebraj superioris. 
 
 ORCANETTE, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 ORCHALGIA, Orchidalgia. 
 
 ORCHAS. Scrotum. 
 
 ORCHEI'TIS, Oschi'tis, Oschei'tis, Inflamma'- 
 tio scroti, from op^ag, 'the scrotum,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 scrotum. 
 
 Orcheitis, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCIIEOCATABASIS, Orchidocatabasis. 
 
 ORCHEOCELE, Orchiocele. 
 
 ORCHEOTOMY, Castration. 
 
 0RCHE3TR0MANIA, Chorea. 
 
 ORCniDAL'GIA, Orelial'cjia, Orchidodyn'ia, 
 from op;\;i?, ' a testicle,' and a\yog, ' pain.' Pain 
 of the testicle. Nenralgia of the testicle. Irri- 
 table testicle. A form of neuralgia. 
 
 ORCHID ATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia testic'uli, 
 from opj^i?, opxiio;, 'a testicle,' and atrophia, 
 ' atrophy.' Atrophy or wasting of the testicles. 
 
 ORCIIIDITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
 _ R C H I D C A T A B 'A S I S, Oreheocatab'a- 
 tin^ Descen'siis tcsticnlo'rum, from opj^^is, 'the tes- 
 tis,' and Karal^aaig, 'descent.' The descent of the 
 testes into the scrotum. 
 
 ORCHTDOCELE, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCniDODYNIA, Orchidalgia. 
 
 ORCHIDOXCUS, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHIDOTOMY, Castration. 
 
 ORCHILL, Licjien roccella. 
 
 ORCHIOCE'LE, Orcheoee'le, itom oQxih 'the 
 testicle,' and Kri\ri, ' a rupture.' A tumour of the 
 testicle. Scrotal hernia. Hernia humoralis. A 
 name given to several diseases of the testicle 
 and its envelopes, essentially differing from each 
 other. 
 
 Orchigce'le Scirrho'sa, Scirrhoce'le. A ma- 
 lignant tumour of the testis. 
 
 ORCHIS, Testicle— o. Butterfly, Orchis bifolia. 
 
 Orchis Mas'cula, Satyr'ion, Male Orchis, Tes- 
 tic'ulus cani'nus, Cynosor'chis, Dogs' stones, Hale 
 Fools' atones, Ticinroot. This root has had a place 
 in some pharmacopoeias, on account of the glu- 
 tinous, slimy juice it contains. The root of the 
 Orchis bifolia or Butterfly orchis, has likewise 
 been collected. It has been used as a demulcent. 
 Its fancied aphrodisiac virtues seem to be owing 
 to its resemblance to op;^iy, 'a testicle,' whence 
 its name. 
 
 Salep is obtained from this variety of the or- 
 chis ; — and from the Orchis morio, &g. See 
 Salep. 
 
 Orchis, Round-leaved, Large, Platanthera 
 orbiculata. 
 
 OROHITE, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHOI, see Tarsus. 
 
 ORCHOTOMIA, Castration. Also, removal 
 of the tarsi. 
 
 ORDEOLUM, Hordeolum. 
 
 ORDEUM, Hordeum. 
 
 ORDINATRES, Menses. 
 
 ORDONNANGE, Formula, Prescription. 
 
 OREILLE B' HOMME, Asarum— o. de Souris, 
 Hieracium pilosella. 
 
 OREILLETTE, Asarum, Auricle of the heart. 
 
 OREILLONS, Parotis, Cynanche parotidsea. 
 
 ORELIA GRANDIFLORA, Allamanda. 
 
 ORELLANA, see Terra Orleana. 
 
 OREOSELIISrUM, Athamanta aureoselinum — 
 o. Africanum, Bubon galbanum — o. Legitimum, 
 Athamanta aureoselinum — o. Nigrum, Athamanta 
 aureoselinum. 
 
 OREXIS, Appetite, Pyrosis — o. Cynodes, Bou- 
 limia. 
 
 ORGAN, Or'(/amim, Or'ganon. 'An instru- 
 ment.' Part of an organized being, destined to 
 exercise some particular function. Thus — the 
 eyes are organs of sight; the muscles are or- 
 gans of motion, &c. The collection of organs, 
 which concur in any function, is called apipO' 
 ratns. 
 
 ORGANA GENERATIONI INSERYIEN- 
 TIA, Genital organs — o. Sudoripara, see Per- 
 spiration. , 
 
 ORGANES GENITAUX, Genital organs. 
 
 ORGAN'IC, Organ'icns. Relating to an organ 
 or organs, and to beings possessed of organs. 
 Hence, Organic Functions are those possessed 
 by both animals and vegetables. It is also used 
 synonymously with vital, in contradistinction to 
 physical. 
 
 Organic Chemistry, see Chymistry. 
 
 Organic Diseases or Lesioxs are such as 
 concern the organ itself, in contradistinction to 
 functional, rat"ional, or dynam'ic, which merely 
 concern the function. Of course, organic dis- 
 eases of a part are always more serious than 
 functional. 
 
 Organic Nervous System, see Trisplanchnic 
 nerve. 
 
 ORGANICISM, Organicism'vs, from opyavov, 
 'an organ.' The doctrine of the localization of 
 disease. A modern term, but not much used. 
 
 ORGANISATIO, Organization. 
 
ORGANISATUS 
 
 623 
 
 OROS 
 
 OTlGA^'ISATUS, Organized. 
 
 OR'GANISM. Same etymon. The living eco- 
 nomy. Many pliysiologists have used this word 
 synonymously -with organization ; but more espe- 
 cially to designate the aggregate of vital actions 
 in organized beings, animals as well as vegetables. 
 The collection of parts composing an organized 
 body, and the laws which govern it. 
 
 ORGANIZABIL'ITY, from organisatw, and 
 hahilis, 'suitable.' Capability of organization or 
 of being formed into living tissue. Substances 
 possessed of such capability — as fibrin — are said 
 to be organizable. 
 
 ORGANIZABLE, see Organizability. 
 
 ORGANIZA'TION, Orgamsa'tio, from opyavov, 
 'an organ.' The manner of structure proper to 
 different beings. It is also employed in the sense 
 of the structure of a part j as, the organization 
 of the heart, <fcc. 
 
 ORGANizATioJf, COMPOUNDS OF, Principles, im- 
 mediate. 
 
 OR'GANIZED, Or'ganis instruc'tus, Organi- 
 sa'tiis. That which is composed of organs. 
 
 Organized Bodies, (F.) Corps organises, are 
 those endowed with life ; i. e. animals and vege- 
 tables : in contradistinction to inorganic bodies, 
 which comprise the mineral kingdom. See Corpus. 
 
 ORGANOCHEMIA, Chymistry, organic. 
 
 ORGANOG"ENY, Organogen'ia, from opyavov, 
 'an organ,' and ytvecn;, 'generation.' The doc- 
 trine of the formation of different organs. 
 
 ORGANOGNO'SIA, fi-om opyarov, ' organ,' and 
 yvuicis, ' knowledge.' The knowledge and discri- 
 mination of organized bodies. 
 
 ORGANOG'RAPHY, Organograph'ia, from 
 opyavov, ' an organ,' and ypacprt, ' a description.' 
 A description of the organs of a living body. 
 
 ORGANOLOGY, Anatomy, Craniology. 
 
 ORGANON OLFACTUS, Nasus. 
 
 ORGANONOM'IA, from opyavov, 'an organ,' 
 and votiog, ' a law.' The doctrine of the laws of 
 organic life. 
 
 ORGANOZOONOMIA, Zoonomia. 
 
 ORGANUM, Instrument. 
 
 ORGASM, Orgas'nme, Orgo'sis, from opyaw, 
 'I desire ardently,' 'I am excited.' CEstrua'tion. 
 A strong impulse or desire for something. State 
 of excitement andturgescence of any organ what- 
 ever. Erethism. Applied particularly to the 
 height of venereal excitement in sexual inter- 
 course. 
 
 ORGASMUS, Turgescenee. 
 
 ORGAS'TICA. Same etymon. The second 
 order of the class Genetica of Good. Defined : 
 diseases affecting the orgasm ; organic or consti- 
 tutional infirmity disordering the power or the 
 desire of procreating. 
 
 ORGE, Rage. 
 
 OIIGE, Hordeum — o. PerU, see Hordeum. 
 
 ORGEAT, Syrupus amygdalse. 
 
 ORGE LET, Hordeolum. 
 ORGEOLET, Hordeolum. 
 
 ORGOSIS, Orgasm. 
 
 ORICHALCUM, Brass. 
 
 ORICULAR, Auricular. 
 
 ORTCVLE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear. 
 
 ORIFICIUM, Mouth— 0. Dextrum Veutriculi, 
 Pylorus — 0. Uteri, Os uteri — o. Ventriculi Sinis- 
 trum, Cardia. 
 
 OPi.IG'ANUM, Origanum vidga' re, Cuni'la hu'- 
 bnla, Marjora' na manciira'na, 0. heracleot'iexim, 
 Zazarhen'di herba, Wild mar'joram. Common 
 f^iarjoram, 3Iancnra'na, (F.) Pied de lit. Family. 
 Lr.biataj. Sex. Si/st. Didynamia Gymnospermia, 
 This plant resembles marjoram in smell; and has 
 h pungent taste, much like thyme. It is aromatic 
 
 and stimulant; and its oil possesses the proper- 
 ties of the essential oils in general. The oil, 
 oleum origani (Ph. U. S.), is very pungent, and 
 is rarely given internally. It is used in toothach. 
 Origanum Aquaticum, Eupatorium cannabi- 
 num — o. Creticum, 0. dictamnus. 
 
 Origanum Dictam'nus, Dictamnus Cret'ievg, 
 0. Creticum, Amar'acus tomento'sus, Oni'tis, Ditt'- 
 any of Crete, (F.) Dictamne de Crete. The leaves 
 of this plant were once recommended as emme- 
 nagogue and alexipharmic. 
 
 Origanum Heracleoticum, Origanum. 
 
 Origanum Majora'na, ilarjora'na, 0. majora- 
 no'i'des, Majorana, 31. horten'sie, Sweet marjoram, 
 Samp'siicus, Agriorig'anum, Amar'acus, {¥.)3Iar- 
 jolaine. Its odour is strong and fragrant; tast-o 
 aromatic and bitterish. Its properties are those 
 of a stomachic and errhine. It is chiefly used, 
 however, for culinary purposes, and as a snuff in 
 headach. 
 
 Origanum Syriacum, Teucrium marum. 
 
 ORIGINAIRE {F.),{romorigo, 'origin.' This 
 term has been used, by French writers, in the 
 same sense as congenital. It is particularly ap- 
 plied to affections depending upon faulty confor- 
 mation, or to faulty conformation itself. 
 
 ORIGO, Arche. 
 
 ORISMOLOGY, Terminology. 
 
 ORLEANA, see Terra Orleana. 
 
 ORME, Appetite. 
 
 0R3fE. Ulmus. 
 
 ORMSKIRK MEDICINE. A celebrated an- 
 tilyssie remedy, supposed to consist of Pulv. Cre- 
 tcB, ^^ss ; Bol. Armcn. ^iij ; Alumin. gr. x; Pidv. 
 InulcB, 3J )■ 01. Anisi, gtt. vj. 
 
 This is taken for a dose every morning for six 
 times, in a glass of water, with a small proportion 
 of fresh milk. 
 
 ORNAMENTUM FOLIACEUM, see Tube, 
 Fallopinn. 
 
 ORNITHOG'ALUM ALTIS'SIMUM. a South 
 African plant, Nat. Ord. Asphodelea;, the fleshy 
 bulb of which is diuretic. An oxymel is prepared 
 of it, which is given in catarrh, asthma, phthisis, 
 and hydrothorax. It resembles squill in its me- 
 dical properties. 
 
 Ornithogalum Mabitimum, Scilla — o. Squilla, 
 Scilla. 
 
 ORNITHOGLOSS^, see Praxinus excelsior. 
 
 ORNUS EUROPiEA, see Fraxinus ornus — o. 
 Mannifera, Fraxinus ornus — o. Rotundifolia, 
 Fraxinus ornus — o. Sylvestris, Fraxinus excel- 
 sior. _ 
 
 OROBAN'CHE VIRGINIA'NA, Eplfa'gua 
 America'nus, E. Virginia'nus, Virgin'ia broom- 
 rape. Beech-drops, Cancer-root. Family, Oro- 
 banchoideas. This parasitic plant is astringent, 
 and a peculiar and extremely nauseous bitter. 
 It is most powerful when fresh. It has been 
 used in dysentery; and, externally, to obstinate 
 ulcers. 
 
 Oroban'che America'na, and 0. TJniflo'ra, 
 have the same properties, and are, likewise, called 
 Cancer-root, Earth-club, and Clapwort. 
 
 OROBE, Ervum ervilia. 
 
 OROBION, see Ervum ervilia. 
 
 OROBOi'DES, from opo^of, 'theorohus,' and 
 £i^of, ' form.' Orobo'des. Having the shape of the 
 orobus. A name given to urine, Urina orobo'des 
 seu orobdi'des, when depositing a substance of a 
 fawn colour, like the meal of the orobus. 
 
 OROBUS, Ervum ervilia — o. Faba, Vicia faba- 
 
 ORONGE, see Agaric. 
 
 OROPHALL'US, from opo?, or opp^?, 'the 
 rump,' and <[ia\'Soi, 'the male organ.' A monster 
 having a second male organ originating from the 
 rump. — Gurlt. 
 
 OROS, Cioupion, Serum. 
 
ORPIMEXT 
 
 624 
 
 OS 
 
 OPi'PIMEXT, Auripigmen'ttim, Orpin, liisi- 
 gnl'lmn, liii.sigallum, Cloiiiur, Elome, Si'ra, Lempi- 
 iiiaJi, Spec' ul Jin cit'riiium., Yrides, Yride. The 
 native yellow sulpliuret cf ai'senic. It is poison- 
 ous, but less so than the oxide. It is, also, called 
 Adarigo, Adarnech, AJiusal, Althanachci, Azarnef. 
 The Turks prepare a depilatory with it, -which 
 they call liustna. 
 
 OKPIN, Orpiment — o. Bralant, Sedum — o. 
 G-rand, Sedum telephium — o. Beprise, Sedum 
 telephium. 
 
 OIIPINE, Sedum telephium. 
 
 OP.Pv.HO CHEZ I A, Diarrhoea, serous. 
 
 ORPlHOCYST'IS, from opwg, 'serum,' and 
 KvoTig, 'a bladder.' An encysted tumour con- 
 taining a serous fluid. 
 
 ORRHOHYMENITIS, Hydrohymenitis. 
 
 ORRHOPTG'IOX. The inferior extremity of 
 the vertebral column ; from opog, ' extremity,' and 
 irvyr], 'the nates.' The os coccygis. Also, the 
 raphe, extending from the penis to the anus, and 
 separating the scrotum into two parts. 
 
 ORPiHORRHCE'A, from o^^og, 'serum,' and 
 p£(ij, ' I flow.' A morbidly increased secretion of 
 a serous fluid. 
 
 ORRHOS, Croupion, Serum. 
 
 ORRIS, Iris Morentina — o. Common, Iris 
 Germanica. 
 
 ORSEILLE, Lichen roceella. 
 
 ORTEIL, Digitus pedis. 
 
 ORTHOCO'LUM, from opQo^,, 'straight,' and 
 caXoi', ' limb.' Stiifness of the limb, so that it is 
 kept quite straight. 
 
 ORTHODO'PtOX. A measure with the Greeks, 
 equal to eleven finger-breadths. 
 
 ORTHOG'NATHOUS, from opBog, 'right, 
 straight,' and yvado;, 'jaw.' Having a vertical 
 jaw. A term applied to the form of head in 
 which the facial angle approaches the right 
 angle. 
 
 ORTHOMORPHTA, Orthopffidia. 
 
 ORTHOMORPHOSIS, Orthopsedia. 
 
 ORTHONTROPIA, Orthopffidia. 
 
 ORTHOP^EDI'A, OrthopcB'dice, OrtUmor'plna, 
 Orthomorplio' sis, Ortlionfropj'ia, OrtJwped'ics, from 
 op^os, 'right,' and raig, 'a child.' The part of 
 medicine whose object is to prevent and correct 
 deformity in the bodies of children. Often used, 
 however, with a more extensive signification, to 
 embrace the correction or prevention of deformi- 
 ties at all ages. Orthosomat'ice, Orthosomat'ice, 
 from opOoi, 'right,' and cwfia, 'body,' has teen 
 proposed as a preferable term. 
 
 ORTHOPE'DIC, (9rC7(q2:)(z'd'?VHs/ same etymon. 
 Relating to orthopffidia, — as Orthopedic Institu- 
 tion, Institu'tum orthnpcB'diciim sen ortliopa'dium : 
 an institution for the correction or prevention of 
 deformities in children. 
 
 ORTHOPEDICS, Orthopcedia. 
 
 ORTHOPE'DIST, Ortho'ter, Orthopm'dicuB, 
 same etymon. Oae who practises orthopffidia. 
 
 ORTHOPHREN'IC, Orthojihrcn'icns, from 
 cpOog, 'right,' and <pprjv, 'mind.' Pi,elating to 
 Found mind. 
 
 OKTHOPNCE'A, Suffoca'tio, Strancjula'iio, 
 PvcBfoca'tio, Pni.K, Pnif/mtts, Euthiip'noe, Eii- 
 lhyp\(B'a, jiiujor, Apnre'u, from op5oj, ' right,' 
 ♦ straight,' and -nvm, ' I respire.' Impracticability 
 of breathing' 'n the horizontal posture. Necessity 
 of being in the erect posture, in order to respire. 
 
 Orthopnosa Cardiaca, Angina Pectoris — o. 
 Convulsiva, Asthma — o. Cynanchica, Cynanche 
 trachealis — o. Ilydrothoracica, Hydrotborax — o. 
 Hysterica. Angone — o. Pituitosa, Mycorthopntea 
 --0. Tussiculosa, Pertussis. 
 
 OKTHOSOjIATICE. Orthopajdia. 
 
 ORTnOS03IATIQ UE, Orthopffidia. 
 
 ORTHOTER, Orthopedist. 
 
 ORTHYSTEROPTOMA, Prolapsus uterL 
 
 ORTHYSTEROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 OETIE, Urtica — o. Blanche, Lamium album — 
 o. Brtdante, Urtica urens — o. Ilorte, Lamium 
 album — o. Ilorte des Bois, Galeopsis — o. Romaine, 
 Urtica pilulifera. 
 
 ORTYX, Tetrao coturnix. 
 
 ORUS, Crovpion, Serum. 
 
 ORVALE, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 ORVIETA'XUM. From the Italian Orvie- 
 tano. An electuary regarded as an invaluable 
 antidote, and composed of Old theriac, Britd vi- 
 pers, Scorzonera, Carlina, Impieratoriiirn, Angel- 
 ica, Bistort, Rosemary, Juniper, Cinnamon, Cloves, 
 3Iace, Honey, and a crowd of other substances. 
 Its medical properties resembled, in some re- 
 spects, those of the theriac. It was so called, 
 according to some, because invented by Orvietano, 
 a celebrated charlatan; or, according to others, 
 from Orvieto, a town in Italy. 
 
 ORY'ZA, from Orez, (Arab.,) Ory'za sati'va, 
 Rice, (F.) Biz. Family, Gramineffi. Sex. Syst. 
 Hexandria Monogynia. A plant, almost aquatic, 
 and indigenous in China, one of the richest pro- 
 ductions of Egypt, and which prospers in the 
 warmer regions of the four quarters of the globe. 
 The grain inclosed in the husk is called by the 
 Malays Paddy, Padi, or Paddie ; when deprived 
 of the husk, Bras, and when boiled Nasi. Its 
 amylaceous seeds, Ory'za, Ory'zum, Ilordeum ga,- 
 lac'ticum, nourish more men than those of wheat 
 and rye together. Besides being alimentary, they 
 are demulcent and emollient. Gardiner's ali- 
 mentary preparation is very finely ground rice- 
 meal. 
 
 Mucilage of Bice, Bice icatcr, may be formed 
 by taking one ounce of rice, and, having washed 
 it, macerating it for three hours in a quart of 
 tepid soft wafer, in a pan placed upon a stove; 
 then boiling the whole slowly for anothei hour, 
 and straining through a sieve. 
 
 It may be sweetened and acidulated, or be 
 prepared with milk, like arrow-root, and be used 
 as a demulcent. 
 
 Bice Jelly is made by macerating a sufficient 
 quantity of clean rice in as much water as will 
 cover it ; boiling slowly, adding water as it evap- 
 orates, until the rice is reduced to a pap, sweeten- 
 ing and flavouring with lemon-juice or vanilla, 
 and passing through a fine sieve into a form or 
 mould. It may bo eaten alone or with milk; and 
 is a good diatetic preparation for those of weak 
 digestive powers. 
 
 Ground rice. Take a tablespoonful of ground 
 rice ; a pint and a half of milk, and half an ounce 
 of candied lemon-jieel. Rub the rice smooth with 
 the milk : then add the lemon-peel cut into small 
 pieces ; boil for half an hour, and strain whilst 
 the milk is hot. It is used in the same cases aa 
 rice jelly. 
 
 OS, Bone, Mouth, seq Ossiculum — o. Acromii, 
 Acromion — o. ad Cubitale, Radius — o. Adjuto- 
 rium. Humeri os — o. Alffiforme, Sphenoid — o. 
 Alagas, Coccyx, Sacrum — o. Amphideon, Os uteri 
 
 — o. Anonyme, Innominatum os — o. Anonymum, 
 Innominatum os — o. Anticum, Avant louche — o. 
 Arcviale, Temporal bone — o. Armale, Temporal 
 bone — 0. Asser, Sternum — o. de I'Assietfe, Ischion 
 
 — 0. Azygos, Sphenoid — o. Ballist??, Astragalus 
 
 — 0. Basilare, Occipital bone, Palate bone. Sa- 
 crum, Sphenoid — o. Baxillare, Sphenoid — o. Bi- 
 corne, Hyoides os — o. Brachialo, Humeri os — o, 
 Brachii, Humeri os — o. Calcis, Calcaneum — o. 
 Capitatnm, Magnum os — o. Caudffi, Occipital bono 
 — o. Clunium, Sacrum — o. Coccygis, Coccyx — a. 
 Colatorium, Ethmoid bone — o. Coliforme, EtL- 
 
OS 
 
 623 
 
 OSCnOPYCEDEMA 
 
 moid — 0. Convolutum snperius, Turbinated bone, 
 middle — o. Coronale, Frontal bone — o. Coxjs, 
 Innominatum os — o. Coxal, Innominatum os, 
 Isehion — o. Orihleux, Ethmoid — o. Cribriforme, 
 Ethmoid — 0. Cribrosum, Ethmoid — o. Cristatum, 
 Ethmoid — o. Crochu, Os uniciforme. 
 
 OS CROTOPHALE. A name given by M. 
 B6elard to a bone sometimes met with at the an- 
 terior and inferior angle of the parietal bone; from 
 KpoTa(pog, '■ the temple.' 
 
 Os Crotaphiticum, Temporal bone — o. Cubi- 
 cum, Ethmoid bone — o. Cubiti Inferius, Ulna — o. 
 de la Cuisse, Eemur — o. Cuneiforme, Sphenoid — 
 o. Cuneo comparatum, Sphenoid — o. Cymbiforme, 
 Scaphoid bone — o. Disciforme, Patella — o. Du- 
 rum, Temporal bone — o. Ensiforme, Sternum. 
 
 OS EPACTALE. A name given to one of the 
 ossa Wormiana; particularly to one met -with in 
 the posterior fontanelle, and which has been de- 
 scribed by G. Fischer, under the name Os Epac- 
 tale seu Goethian'vm. 
 
 OS EPAGTAUX, Wormiana ossa. 
 
 Os ExTEExnir. The entrance into the vagina, 
 In contradistinction to the Os ■inter'nnm or Os 
 u'teri. 
 
 Os Extra Ordinem Carpi, Os pisiforme — o- 
 Fibrosum, Occipital bone — o. Foramiuulentum, 
 Ethmoid — 0. Frontis, Frontal bone — o. Gena3, 
 Malaj OS — o. G-ladioli, Sternum — o. Grand, Mag- 
 num OS — o. Grand, col du, Collum ossis magni — 
 0. Grandinosum, Cuboid — o. Gutturis, Hyoides os 
 
 — 0. Hamatum, Os unciforme — o. Hors du rany, 
 Os pisiforme — o. llypopium, Malae os — o. Ilypse- 
 loides, Hyoides os — o. Inoonjugatum, Sphenoid 
 — 0. Incudi similis, Incus — o. Inferius ventriculi. 
 Pylorus — 0. Innomine, Innominatum os — o. Inter- 
 caUs, Wormiana ossa — o. Internum, Os uteri- — o. 
 Inverecundum, Frontal bone — o. Ischii, Isehion 
 
 — o. Interparietale, Interparietal bone — o. Ju- 
 gale, Malffi os — o. Jngamentum, MaliB os — o. 
 Juguli, Clavicle — o. Lacrymale, Unguis os — o. 
 Lambda, Occipital bone — o. Lambdoides, Hyoides 
 OS, Occipital bone — o. Lapideum, Temporal bone 
 — 0. Latum, Sacrum — o. Latum humeri. Scapula, 
 
 — 0. Lenticulare, Os orbiculare, Os pisiforme — o. 
 Lepidoides, Temporal bone — o. Lingu83, Hj'oides 
 OS — o. Linguale, Hyoides os — o. Lithoides, Tem- 
 poral bone — o. Magnum, neck of the, Collum 
 ossis magni — o. Malaire, Malse os — o. Malare, 
 Mal£e os — o. Maxillaa superioris undecimum. 
 Vomer — o. 1/axillaire inferieure, Collum mandi- 
 bulaj — 0. Memento mori, Temporal bone — o. Me- 
 morise, Occipital bone — o. Mendosum, Temporal 
 bone — 0. Morsus Adami, Thyroid cartilage — o. 
 Mucronatum, Xiphoid cartilage — o. Multangulum 
 majus. Trapezium os — o. Multangulum minus, 
 Trapezoides os — o. Multiforme, Ethmoid, Sphe- 
 noid — o. Nasaux, Nasal bones — o. Naviculare, Os 
 Bcaphoides — o. Nervale, Temporal bone — o. Ner- 
 vosum, Occipital bone — o. Oceipiti, Occipital bone 
 — o. Orbiculare, Os pisiforme — o. du Palais, Pa- 
 late bone — 0. Palati, Palate bone — o. Palatin, 
 Palate bone — o. Papillare, Sphenoid — o. Parie- 
 tale inferius. Temporal bone — o. Paxillarc, Sphe- 
 noid — o. Pectinis, Pubis, os — o. Pectoris, Ster- 
 num — 0. Pelvi-cephalicum, Occipital bone — o. 
 Pelvis laterale, Innominatum os — o. Perone, Fi- 
 bula — 0. Petrosum, Temporal bone — o. Polymor- 
 phon. Sphenoid — o. de la Pommette, Malee os — o. 
 Posterum, Pharynx — o. Prseruptse rupi assimila- 
 tum. Temporal bone — o. Procubitale, Ulna — o. 
 Propres du nez, Nasal bones — o ProrsB, Occipital 
 bone — 0. Pudicum, Malse os — o. Puppis, Frontal 
 bone. Occipital bone — o. Pyramidale carpi, Trape- 
 zoides OS — 0. Pyxidis, Occipital bone — o. Ration- 
 is, Frontal bone — o. du Bayon, Radius — o. Sa- 
 crum, S.iorvm — 0. Saxeum, Temporal bone — o. 
 
 40 
 
 Scutiforme, Patella — o. Sedentarium, see Ischiatio 
 — 0. Semilunare, Lunare os — o. Sextum eranii, Oc- 
 cipital bone — o. du Sinciput, PaVietal bones, see 
 Sinciput — o. Sous-cthmo'idal, Turbinated bone, 
 inferior — o. Sphceno-basilare, Occipital bone — o. 
 Spheooides, Sphenoid — o. Sphenoidale, Sphenoid 
 — 0. Sphenoides, Sphenoid — o. Spongiosum, Eth- 
 moid — 0. Spongiosum inferius. Turbinated bone, 
 inferior — o. Spongiosum medium. Turbinated 
 bone, middle — o. Spongiosum superius. Turbina- 
 ted bone, middle. Turbinated bone, superior — o. 
 Spongoides, Ethmoid — o. Squamosum, Temporal 
 bone — o. Suboculare, Malas os — o. Surnumi- 
 raircs, Yformiana ossa — o. Susmaxillaire, Maxil- 
 lary (superior) bone — o. Sylvii, Os orbiculare — o. 
 Temporis, Temporal bone — o. Tessera, Cuboid — 
 0. Thyreoides, Patella — o. Tibiae minus, Fibula 
 — o. TincEB, Os uteri — o. 7riaiigulaircs, Wormi- 
 ana ossa — 0. Turbinatum, Turbinated bone, 
 middle — o. Turbinatum inferius. Turbinated 
 bone, inferior — o. Uncinatum, Os unciforme — o. 
 Upsiloides, Hj'oides os — o. Varium, Cuboid — o. 
 Vespiforme, Sj^henoid — o. Vomeris, Vomer — o. 
 Woriniens, Wormiana ossa — o. Xiphoides, Ster- 
 num — 0. Ypseloides, Hyoides os — o. Zygomati- 
 cum, Malffi os. 
 
 Os U'teri, Os tinccB, Protos'porns, Os inter'- 
 nnm, Os ampMd'eon seu ampJtid'eum, Os'eheon, 
 ITysteros'toma, Os'cidum u'teri, Plysterostom'ium, 
 Orific"ium ti'teri, (F.) Museau de TancJie. The 
 mouth of the womb, see Uterus. 
 
 OSCEDO, Yawning. 
 
 S C H iB M A T (E D E ' M A , Osclicpmcede 'ma, 
 (Ede'ma scroti cruen' turn ; from oa^eov, 'scrotum,* 
 'atjia, 'blood,' and oibrifia, 'oedema.' Effusion of 
 blood into the scrotum. 
 
 OSCH^EMCEDEMA, Oschaematcedema. 
 
 OSCHE. Scrotum. 
 
 OSCHEITIS, Orcheitis, Oschitis. 
 
 OSCHEOCARCINOMA, Cancer, chimnej'- 
 sweepers'. 
 
 OSCHEOCE'LE, OscJioce'le, from oux^ov, 'the 
 scrotum,' and K^^\r|, 'tumour;' Scrotal hernia, see 
 Bubonocele. Sauvages uses it in the sense of 
 Dropsy of the scrotum, see Hydrocele. 
 
 Oscheocele Aqxjosa, Hj'droscheoeele — o. Fla- 
 tulenta, Physocele — o. Hydatidosa, Hydatidocele 
 — 0. CEdematica, CEdematoscheoeele — o. Semina- 
 lis. Spermatocele — o. Urinalis, Urocele — o. Vari- 
 cosa. Varicocele. 
 
 OSCIIEON, Scrotum, Os uteri. 
 
 OSCHEON'CUS, Oschon'cns, Oscheophy 'ma; 
 Oschophy'ma, from oa'x^s.ov, ' scrotum,' and oyKOi, 
 'a tumour.' A preternatural swelling of the 
 scrotum, 
 
 OSCIIEOPHYMA, Oscheoncus. 
 
 OSCHEOPLAS'TIC, Oscheoplcts'ticus, from 
 osx^ov, 'the scrotum,' and Tr-Aao-cw, 'I form.' An 
 epithet given to the operation for restoring the 
 scrotum when lost. 
 
 OSCHEOPYCEDE'MA, Oschopyo'.de'ma, (Ede'- 
 ma scroti punden'tum. Purulent tumefaction of 
 the scrotum. 
 
 OSCHEUS, Scrotum. 
 
 OS'CHION. The raised margin of the os uteri. 
 According to some, an excrescence from the oa 
 uteri. 
 
 OSCHI'TIS, Orchei'tis, Oschei'tis, Inflamma'tio 
 scroti, from ocx^ov, 'the scrotum,' and itis, 'in- 
 flammation.' Inflammation of the scrotum. 
 
 OSCHOCARCINOMA, Cancer, cMmney- 
 sweepers'. 
 
 OSCHOCELE, Oscheocele. 
 
 OSCHONCUS, Oscheoncus. 
 
 OSCHOPHYMA, Oscheoncus. 
 
 OSCHOPYGEDEMA, Oscheopyotdema. 
 
OSCHUR(EDEMA 
 
 62S 
 
 OSSIFICATIOJT 
 
 OSCHURCEDE'MA : from ocrxcov, 'scrotum,' 
 vvpov, 'urine,' and odrji^ci, ' osdema.' CEdema 
 from eiffusion of urine into the scrotum. 
 
 OSCHUS, Scrotum. 
 
 OSCHYDRCEDE'MA, from ocrxcov, 'scrotum,' 
 'vSoyp, ' water,' and oiiripta, ' oedema.' Q£dema 
 scroti aquo'sam. Watery osdema of the scrotum. 
 
 OSCILLA'TIO, Irritability, Oscillation. 
 
 OSCILLA'TION, Oscilla'tio; from osciUum, 
 'an image perhaps of Bacchus, hung on ropes, 
 and swung up and down in the air.' Vibration, 
 Vibra'men, Vihra'tio, Vibra'tus. Also, a partial 
 rotatory movement of the eyeball to and from its 
 antero-posterior axis. 
 
 OS'CITAXT (FEVER), Fehris os'eiians, (E.) 
 Fiivre oscitante, from oscitare, 'to yawn.' A fever, 
 in which the patient is continually yawning. 
 
 OSCITATIO, Yawning. 
 
 OSCULATORIUS, Orbicularis oris. 
 
 OSCULUM UTERI, Os uteri. 
 
 OSCUS, Scrotum. 
 
 OSEILLE, Rumex aeetosa — o. Boucher, Ru- 
 mex scutatus — o. Petite, Rumex scutatus — o. 
 Itonde, Rumex scutatus — o. Eouge, Rumex san- 
 guineus. 
 
 OS'MAZOME, Os'mozome, Osmazo'ma, 0/imo- 
 zo'ma, Zomod'mnm, (P.) Matiere extractive du 
 Bouillon; Extractive of meat, Saponaceous extract 
 of meat; from oufi-n, 'smell,' and ^w^o?, 'soup.' 
 M. Thenard gave this name to an extractive 
 matter, contained in muscular flesh and in the 
 blood of animals, which he considers of a peculiar 
 nature. It has an agreeable smell and taste, and 
 is found in Bouillons of meat, in the proportion 
 of one part to seven of gelatin. Vauquelin dis- 
 covered in it some fungi. It is the substance 
 which gives the flavour of meat to soups, and 
 hence its name. It has been prescribed in the 
 dose of ^S5 to 5J' in broth or in powder, with 
 aromatic?, as a stimulant to the digestive actions 
 and a restorer of appetite in convalescence. An 
 Osmazome chocolate, Chocola'ta cum osmazo'ma, 
 has been introduced as an analeptic article of 
 diet. It consists oi chocolate S)j to osmazome ^j. 
 
 OSME, Odour. 
 
 OSMESIS. Olfaction. 
 
 OSMIDRO'SIS, from ocur,, ' odour,' and 'ihpuii, 
 ' sweat.' Perspiration of an unusual odour. 
 
 OSMITOPS'IS ASTERISCOI'DES, Bellis. 
 A plant, of the Cape of Good Hope, which, from 
 its smell and taste, seems to contain camphor; 
 hence its antispasmodic virtues. In infusion, it 
 is often beneficially employed in cough, hoarse- 
 ness, and diseases of the chest generally, and is 
 said to be serviceable in flatulent colic. Infused 
 in spirit, spir'ifus bellidis, it has been used suc- 
 cessfully as an external remedy in paralysis. 
 
 OSMOMETRIGUS SENSUS, Olfaction. 
 
 OSMON'OSI, Osmonu'si, ilorbi olfac'tiis, from 
 oiT/if/, ' odour,' and voco;, ' a disease.' Diseases of 
 olfaction. 
 
 OSAIONOSOLOG"IA, from oct//;;, 'odour,' vo<to;, 
 ' disease,' and 'Xoyog, ' description.' The doctrine 
 of, or a treatise on, the diseases of the sense of 
 smell. 
 
 OSMORRHI'ZA LONGIS'TYLIS, 5'7cee* 
 C!e"eli/. An indigenous plant, Order Umbelli- 
 feraj, which flowers in May and June. It is an 
 agreeable aromatic, having much of the flavour 
 •if anise. 
 
 OSMOZOME, Osmazome. 
 OSMUND. ROYAL, Osmunda regalis. 
 OSMUN'DA CINNAMO'MEA, Cinnamon 
 Fern iDdigcnous; Order, Filiees ; is regarded 
 to be demulcent, subastringent, and tonic. Boiled 
 in inillf, it yields a tine mucilage, which is useful 
 in 'i: .rrhcea. 
 
 Osmun'da Rega'lis, Filix Flor'ida, Osmiind- 
 royal. This plant was onco thoughi to |!0sSeS9 
 astringent and emmenagogue virtues. 
 
 OSdRON, Opium. 
 
 OSPIIRANTBRICUS, Olfactory. 
 
 OSPHRANTICOS, Olfactory. 
 
 OSPHRASIA, Olfaction. 
 
 OSPIIRESIOL'OGY, Osphreeiolog"ia, from 
 oo^pnim, 'odour,' and Xoycg, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on olfaction and odours. 
 
 OSPHRESIS, Olfaction. 
 
 OSPHRETICUS, Olfactory. 
 
 OSPHRIS'TICE, from oaippvct;, 'olfaction. 
 The doctrine of the phenomena of odours. 
 
 OSPIIYALGEMA, Cosalgia. 
 
 OSPHYALGIA, Coxalgia. 
 
 OSPHYARTIIRITIS, Osphyitis. 
 
 OSPHYARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus. 
 
 OSPHYI'TIS, Osphy'tis, Osphijarthri'tis, In. 
 fiamma'tio coxm, from oacpvg, 'the hip,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the parts 
 about the hip. 
 
 OSPHYRRHEUMA, Lumbago. 
 
 OSPHYS, Haunch, Lumbi. 
 
 OSPHYTIS, Osphyitis. 
 
 OSSA BREGMATIS, Parietal bones— o. Con- 
 voluta inferiora, Turbinated bones, inferior — o, 
 Digitorum manHs, Phalanges of the fingers — o. 
 Digitorum pedis, Phalanges of the toes— o. Epac- 
 talia, Wormiana ossa — o. Maxillas superioris 
 quarta seu quinta seu secunda, JNasal bones — o. 
 Nasalia, Nasal bones — o. Nasi, Nasal bones — (.. 
 Nervalia, Parietal bones — o. Pisiformia lingualia., 
 see Hyoides os — o. Raphogeminantia, Wormiana 
 ossa — o. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid bones — o. Sin- 
 cipitis, Parietal bones — o. Spongiosa, Turbinated 
 bones — o. Suturarum, Wormiana ossa — o. Tertia 
 maxillaj superioris. Turbinated bones — o. Tetra- 
 gona, Parietal bones — o. Triangularia, Sphenoidal 
 cornua — o. Triangularia Blasii, Wormiana ossa 
 — o. Triquetra, Wormiana ossa — o. Turbinata, 
 Turbinated bones — o. Verticalia, Parietal bones. 
 
 OSSELETS BE L' OREILLE, Ossicula au- 
 ditiis. 
 
 OSSEOUS, Os'seus, Osto'des, OstoVdes, (F.) 
 Osseux; from os, ' a bone.' Bony. Resembling 
 bone. 
 
 OSSICLE, Ossiculum. 
 
 OSSICULA, see Ossiculum. 
 
 Ossic'uLA Audi'tus, Ossic'ula Anris, (F.) Os~ 
 selets de I'oreille, 0. de Vouie. The small bones 
 situate in the cavity of the tympanum, and form- 
 ing an uninterrupted chain from the membrane 
 of the tympanum to that of the fenestra oralis. 
 They are four in number; and their series, from 
 without to within, is as follows : Malleus, Incus, 
 Os orbiculare. Stapes. 
 
 Ossicula Bertini, Sphenoidalia cornua — o. 
 Innominata, Innominata minora ossa — o. Nasi, 
 Nasal bones- — o. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid bones. 
 
 OSSICULUM, (plural Ossic'ula,) Osta'rion, 
 Os'sicle. Diminutive of os, 'a bone.' A small 
 bone. See Os. 
 
 Ossiculum CocnLEAitE, Orbicular bone — o. 
 Incudi Comparatum, Incus — o. Malleolo assi- 
 milatum, Malleus — o. Molari denti comparatum. 
 Incus — o. Orbiculare, Orbicular bone — o. Quar- 
 tum, Orbicular bone — o. Squamosum, Orbicular 
 bone. 
 
 OSSIFICA'TION, Os8?;/?crt'«?o,fromo», 'a bone,' 
 and/actre, 'to make.' Osteor/en'ia, Osteoqen'cnis, 
 Osteo'sia, Osto'sis. Formation of bone. Develop- 
 ment, or increase of the osseous system. Ossifi- 
 cation takes place in the same manner as the 
 nutrition of other organs. The bones are, at 
 first, mucous, and afterwards cartilaginous ; the 
 cartilage, at length, receives the pho.sphate of 
 lime, and is, at the same time, replaced by a 
 
OSSIPRAGA 
 
 627 
 
 OSTIUM 
 
 e^W;inous parenchyma, when the hone has ac- 
 qui.-ed the whole of its development. 
 
 C^siPicATiOJJ, Points op, Puncta seu Nu'clei 
 oftijicntio' Ill's, Nu'clei ossei, are the points where 
 the ossification of a bone commences, whence it 
 extends to other parts. Almost all the bones pre- 
 sent a greater or less number of points of ossifi- 
 cation. Besides the natural ossification, which 
 we observe in the foetus and in the first periods 
 of life, there are also acciden'tal ossifications, 
 Bucb as those frequently remarked after the in- 
 flammation of serous membranes, in the parietes 
 of arteries, and to which the terms Osthex'ia, In- 
 crusta'tioii and Petrifac'tion have, sometimes, 
 been applied. 
 
 OSSIFRAGA. Osteoeolla. 
 
 OSSIS SACRI ACUMEN, Coccyx. 
 
 OSSISANA, Osteoeolla. 
 
 OSSIV'OROUS, from OS, 'a bone,' and voro, 
 'I devour.' A species' of tumour, mentioned by 
 Ruysch, which destroys bone. 
 
 OS'TAGRA, Os'teagra, from oareov, 'a bone,' 
 and aypa, ' seizure.' A forceps to cut or remove 
 portions of bone. 
 
 OSTALGIA, Osteocopus. 
 
 OSTALGI'TIS, Osti'tis, Ostei'tis, from oartov, 
 'a bone,' and if ('s. Inflamma'tio Ossis. Inflam- 
 mation of bone; characterized by violent shooting 
 and lancinating pains in the bone. 
 
 OSTARIUM, Ossiculum. 
 
 OSTARTHRITIS, Arthrophlogosis. 
 
 OSTARTHROCACE, Spina ventosa. 
 
 OSTEAGRA, Ostagra. 
 
 OSTEALGIA, Osteocopus. 
 
 OSTEITES, Osteoeolla. 
 
 OSTEITIS, Ostalgitis. 
 
 OSTEMPYE'SIS. Osteempye'sis, stem pyo' sis, 
 from ocTtov, ' a bone,' and tfn^vriaii, ' effusion of 
 pus.' An abscess in the interior of a bone. 
 
 OSTEMPYOSIS, Ostempyesis. 
 
 OSTEOCE'LE, from oittcov, 'a bone,' and K77X7, 
 ' a tumour.' A hernia in which the sac is carti- 
 laginous and bony: — a rare case. Also, osseous 
 induration of one or both testicles. 
 
 OSTEOCLASIS, Fracture. 
 
 OSTEOCOL'LA, from ocrreov, 'a, bone,' and 
 (coXXa, ' glue.' Glue-bone, Stone or Bone binder, 
 Ossif'raga, Holos'teus, Ossisa'na, Ostri'tes, Os- 
 tei'tes, Ainos'teus, Osteol'ithos, Stelochi'tes. A 
 name given to petrified carbonate of lime, found 
 in some parts of Germany and other portions of 
 the globe; so called, because it has been sup- 
 posed to possess the power of favouring the for- 
 mation of callus in fractures. It is the Chaux 
 carbonates coneretionnee inerv^tante of Haiiy. 
 Not used. 
 
 OSTEOCOPUS, Osteal'gia, Ostal'gia, Osteo- 
 dyn'ia, from ocrtov, ' a bone,' and ko-os, ' fatigue.' 
 Boneach. Pain in the bones. 
 
 OSTEODENTINE, see Tooth. 
 
 OSTEODYNIA. Osteocopus. 
 
 OSTEOGANGRiENA, Necrosis. 
 
 OSTEOGENIA, Ossification. 
 
 OSTEOG'RAPHY, Osteogra'phia, from oartov, 
 *a bone,' and y^at^uv, 'to describe.' Description 
 of the bones. The part of anatomy which de- 
 scribes the bones. 
 
 OSTEOLITHOS, Osteoeolla. 
 
 OSTEOL'OGY, Osteolog"ia, from oarsov, 'a 
 bone,' and \oyoi, 'a discourse.' The part of ana- 
 tomy which treats of bones. 
 
 OSTEOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 OSTEOMALACIA, Mollities ossium — 0. In- 
 fantum, Rachitis. 
 
 OSTEOMALACOSIS, Mollities ossium. 
 
 OSTEON. Bone — o. Hieron, Sacrum. 
 
 OSTEONABRO'SIS, from oanov, 'a bone,' a. 
 
 priv., and Ppojcrig, 'nutriment.' Atrophy of the 
 osseous texture marked by diminutien of volume. 
 
 OSTEON'CUS, from octeov, ' a bone,' and oyKos, 
 ' a tumour.' A bony tumour. 
 
 OSTEONECROSIS, Necrosis. 
 
 OSTEON'OSI, Osteonu' si, from ocTtov, 'a bone,' 
 and voo-o;, 'a disease.' dior'bi os'sium. Diseases 
 of the bones. 
 
 OSTEOPEDION, Lithopsedion. 
 
 OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS, tromoartov, 'a bone,' 
 TraAtv, 'again,' andKAacri?, 'fracture.' The break- 
 ing again of a bone which has united unfavour- 
 ably. 
 
 OSTEOPHYMA, Osteoneus. 
 
 OSTEOPII'Y'TA, Os'teo2}hyfe, Exosto'sls. Un- 
 der this name, Rokitausky, of Vienna, describes 
 a deposition of bony matter, fovmd by him on the 
 inner surface of the parietes of the skull of preg- 
 nant women. 
 
 OSTEOPLEU'RA, Pleurosto'sis, from oarcov, 
 'a bone,' and i:\evpov, 'a rib.' Ossification of the 
 cartilages of the ribs. 
 
 OSTEOPORO'SIS, Osteosclero'sis, from oarcov, 
 'a bone,' and irwpuia-is, ' indviration,' Induration 
 of a bone, from the deposition of too much bony 
 matter. 
 
 OSTEOPSATHYROSIS, FragUitas ossium. 
 
 OSTEO-SARCO'MA, Osteo-sarco'sis, Sarcosto'- 
 sis, Hmmatexosto'sis, from oareov, 'bone,' and capl, 
 ' flesh.' Disease of the bony tissue, which con- 
 sists in softening of its lamina?, and their trans- 
 formation into a fleshy substance, analogous to 
 that of cancer; accompanied with general symp- 
 toms of cancerous afi'ection. The word has of- 
 ten, also, been used synonymously with spina 
 ventosa. 
 
 OSTEOSARCOSIS, Osteosarcoma. 
 
 OSTEOSCLEROSIS, Osteoporosis. 
 
 OSTEOSIS, Ossification. 
 
 OSTEO-STEATO'MA, Exosto'sis steatomato' - 
 des, from ocmov ' a bone,' and areap, ' suet or fat.' 
 A name given to bony tumours or degenerations, 
 which sometimes belong to osteo-sarcoma; at 
 others, to spina ventosa, exostosis, &c. 
 
 OSTEOT'OMIST, Osteotomis'ta. Same etymon 
 as the next. An instrument, invented by Dr. D, 
 Davis, for cutting the bones of the foetal cranium, 
 where it becomes necessary to greatly reduce the 
 size of the head in parturition. 
 
 OSTEOT'OMY, Osteotom'ia, from oareov, 'a 
 bone,' and TZfivziv, 'to cut.' The part of practical 
 anatomy whose obiect is the dissection of bones. 
 
 OSTEOTOPHUS, Tophus. 
 
 OSTEOTYLUS, Callus. 
 
 OSTEULCUM, Bone-nippers. 
 
 OSTEUM, Bone. 
 
 OSTHEXIA. see Ossification. 
 
 OSTIA ATRIO-VENTRICULARIA, see Os- 
 tium. 
 
 OSTIARIUS, Pylorus. 
 
 OSTIOLUM, from oarzov, 'a mouth or open- 
 ing.' A small door or gate. 
 
 OsTiOLA Cordis, Val'vtdcB co'rdis, Pellic'ula 
 cordis. The valves of the heart. 
 
 OSTITIS, Ostalgitis. 
 
 OS'TIUM, Orific"inm, a door or gate, — of the 
 heart, for example. The opening — Os'tia atrio- 
 ventricula' ria — between the auricle and ventricle 
 of each side ; Os'titini veno'sum, that of the right 
 side ; Os'tium arterio' sum, that of the left. 
 
 Ostium Abdojiinale, see Tube, Fallopian — o 
 Internum, see Ostium uteri. 
 
 Ostium U'teri. The rulva; the vagina. The 
 term Os'tium inter'nnm has been applied to the 
 inferior opening of the uterus, which establishes 
 a free communication between the cavities oi the 
 
OSTODES 
 
 628 
 
 OTOSCOPIUM 
 
 body and neck, and which is often ohlitevated in 
 old women. — Cruveilheir. The neck of the ute- 
 rus ; the mouth of the uterus. 
 
 OsTiu5f Uterinum, see Tube, Fallopian — o. 
 Ventriculi Duodenale seu Pyloricum seu Dex- 
 U'um seu Inferius, Pylorus. 
 
 OSTODES, Bony. 
 
 OSTOIDEA SUBSTAjS^TIA, see Tooth. 
 
 OSTOIDES, Bony. 
 
 05T0MA, Exostosis. 
 
 OSTOSIS, Ossification. 
 
 OS'TREA, Os'treum, (F.) Hmtre. The oyster. 
 The oyster is a wholesome article of diet, often 
 advised as analeptic and easy of digestion. 
 
 The^shells, Testes Os'trea, Testa (Ph. U. S.), 
 (F.) Ecailles d'huitres, have been received into 
 the Pharmacopceias, and used medicinally. Their 
 virtues are similar to those of the carbonate of 
 lime. See Creta. 
 
 OSTPuEUM, Ostrea. 
 
 OSTRITES, 0?teocolla. 
 
 OSTRUTHIUM, Imperatoria. 
 
 OSYRIS, Antirhinum linaria. 
 
 OTACOUS'TIC, Otacoits'ticus ; from on?, utoj, 
 'the ear,' and ukovoj, 'I listen.' Any instrument 
 io so called which improves the sense of hearing, 
 — as the different species of trumpets. 
 
 OTAGRA, Otalgia. 
 
 OTAL'GIA, Ot'agi-a, Otod'yne, Otal'gy, from 
 ous, (ji-os, ' the ear,' and oKyos, ' pain.' Pain in the 
 ear; Dolor au'i-ium, Sjias'mua au'rium, Ear-ache. 
 See Otitis. 
 
 OTAL'GIC, Otal'fjicus. An epithet for reme- 
 dies used in otalgia. 
 
 OTECHUS, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 OTEMPLAS'TRUM, Otoplas'ta, Otnplas'trum, 
 from oirf, ' the ear,' and inzXaaTpov, ' a jjlaster.' A 
 jilaster put behind the ears. 
 
 OTEN'CHYTES, Otenchyta, from ouj, wto?, 
 'the ear,' tv, 'into,' and x*"^' '-"■ pour.' Sipho 
 auricula' ris. A species of syringe, used for in- 
 jecting the ear. 
 
 OTHELCO'SIS, from ouj, wroi, 'the ear,' and 
 'cXxwo-ij, ' ulceration.' Ulceration or suppuration 
 of the ear. 
 
 OTHONE, Linteum. 
 
 OTHOXION, Linteum. 
 
 OTHYGROTES, Otirrhoea. 
 
 OTIATER, Aurist. 
 
 QTIATRI'A, Otiat'riee, from ozij, uroj, 'the 
 ear,' and larpzia, ' medicine.' The business of the 
 aurist. The management of diseases of the ear. 
 Aural Medicine and Surgery, Ear Surgery. 
 
 OTIATRICE, Otiatria. 
 
 OTIATRUS, Aurist. 
 
 O'TIC, O'ticKs, from ov;, wtoc, ' the ear.' Be- 
 longing or relating to the ear. A medicine em- 
 ployed in diseases of the ear. 
 
 Otic Ganglion, Otogan'glium, Gavg'lion aiiri- 
 cula're, Ganglion o'ticura, Auric'ular ganglion, 
 Ganglion of Arnold, (F.) Ganglion maxillo-tym- 
 panique. This is a small ganglion, although more 
 than double the size of the ophthalmic, ash-co- 
 loured and pulpy like the ganglions of the sym- 
 pathetic. It is situate in advance of the gan- 
 glion of Gasser, on the lower surface of the infe- 
 rior maxillary nerve, at the inner margin of the 
 foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone. See Pe- 
 trous ganglion. 
 
 OTIRRHCE'A, Otorrhcs'a, Othy'grofes, Blenno- 
 torrhoe'a, (F.) Oatarrhe de I' Oreille, from ovg, 'the 
 car,' and ptui, ' I flow.' Discharge of a purulent or 
 puriform liquid, from the meatus auditorius ester- 
 nus, Pyorrhije'a an'riiim, Otopyorrhce'a, Pya-otor- 
 rhce'a, Olorrhoe'a purulen'ta. It is a symptom of 
 chronic otitis. Some authors have, indeed, used 
 the t-irm synonymously with chronic otitis. When 
 
 it extends to the brain, it is termed cer'ehral otor- 
 rhce'a; and when from the middle or internal 
 ear, it is termed internal otorrhoea, Otorrhoe'a 
 inter'na, and Entotorrhoe'a. 
 
 Otirrhcea, Cerebral, see Otirrhcea. 
 OTITES, see Digitus. 
 
 OTI'TIS, OtojMeg'mone, Empires' ma otitis, 
 Injiamma'tio auris, Inflammation of the ear, (F.) 
 Inflammation de I'oreille. Inflammation of the 
 mucous membrane of the ear, characterized by 
 excruciating pain ; intolerable humming in the 
 ear, with a discharge of mucus generally from 
 the meatus externus or from the Eustachian 
 tube. "When the inflammation is restricted to 
 the lining membrane of the meatus, it is termed 
 otitis eatarrha'lis. Otitis is divided into external 
 and internal, according as it afieets the meatus au- 
 ditorius, or the cavity of the tympanum or inter- 
 nal ear. It may be acute or chronic. Acute otitis 
 commonly terminates in a few days in a favour- 
 able manner, with the aid of antipihlogistics. 
 Chronic otitis, otirrhce'a, is almost always accom- 
 panied by a purulent discharge from the meatus 
 auditorius. It is often incurable, and may ulti- 
 mately give occasion to disease of the internal 
 ear, and even of the brain. 
 
 Otitis Catarrhalis, jee Otitis. 
 
 O'TIUM, Ota'riiim, from ovs, ojto;, 'the ear.' 
 A small ear. The auricle or pavilion of the ear. 
 
 OTOCEPH'ALUS, Ilono'tia, from ovi, u>to;, 
 'the ear,' and Kcfakri, 'head.' A monster, whose 
 ears are in contact, or united into one. 
 
 OTOCONIES, see Otolilhi. 
 
 OTODYNE, Otalgia. 
 
 0T06LYPHIS, Earpick. 
 
 OTOGLYPHUM, Earpick. 
 
 OTOG'RAPHY, Otogra'phia, from on?, wrog, 
 'the ear,' and ypaipn, 'a description.' The part 
 of anatomy which describes the ear. 
 
 OT'OLITHS, Otol'ithi,{'E.) Otolithes, from on?, 
 uroj, 'the ear, and Ai0oy, 'a stone.' White cal- 
 careous substances contained in the membranous 
 vestibule, and seeming to be suspended in the 
 fluid of the vestibule by means of a number of 
 nervous filaments proceeding from the auditory 
 nerve. Their universal presence in the ear of 
 the mammalia would seem to show that they are 
 inservient to audition. When of a looser con- 
 sistence, they are called Otocon'ia, (Y.) Otoconies, 
 from ovg, ' the ear,' and Kovia, ' dust.' 
 
 OTOL'OGY, Otolog"ia, from ovg, urog, 'the 
 ear,' and '\oyog, 'a discourse.' The part of ana- 
 tomy which treats of the ear. An anatomical 
 treatise on the ear. 
 
 OTOPATHEMA, Otopathy. 
 
 OTOP'ATIIY, Otojmthi'a, Otopathe'ma, from 
 ovg, u)ro;, 'the ear,' and TzaQog, 'a disease.' A dis- 
 eased condition of the car. 
 
 OTOPHLEGMONE, Otitis. 
 
 OTOPLASTA, Otemplastrum. 
 
 OTOPLAS'TICE, from ovg, wrog, 'the ear,' and 
 rXao-riKOf, 'forming.' The operation for restoring 
 a lost ear. 
 
 OTOPLASTRUM, Otemplastrum. 
 
 OTOPYORRIKEA, Otirrhoea. 
 
 OTORRnAG"IA,- from ovg, urog, 'the ear,' 
 and payi?, 'ruijture.' Bleeding from the car or 
 ears. 
 
 OTOT.RHEUMATIS'MUS,from ovg,o,rog, 'the 
 ear, and pevjiaTiajiog, 'rheumatism;' Olal'gia 
 rhciimnt'ico. Rheumatic ear-ache. 
 
 OTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea— 0. Cerebral, see Otir- 
 rhoea — o. Interna, see Otirrhoea — o. Purulenta, 
 Otirrhcea. 
 
 OTOSCOP'IUM, from ovg, <arog, 'the ear,' and 
 aKort], 'examination.' An instrument for exami- 
 ning the condition of the external ear. 
 
OTOTOMY 
 
 629 
 
 OVUM 
 
 OTOT'OMT, Ofotom'ia, from ou?, wto;, 'the i 
 ear/ and m^ivuv, 'to cut.' The part of practical 
 anatomy which teaches the mode of dissecting 
 and preparing the ear. 
 
 OULA, G-ingivje. 
 
 OULE, Cicatrix. 
 
 OUNCE, Un'cia. A Tfveight equal to the 16th 
 part of a pound avoirdupois, the 12th of a pound 
 troy. It is composed of 8 drachms. See "Weights 
 and Measures. 
 
 OURAQUE, Urachus. 
 
 OURARY, Curare. 
 
 OUREMA, Urine. 
 
 OURLES, Parotis, Cynanche parotidsea. 
 
 OURON, Urine. 
 
 OUS, Ear. 
 
 UTRE MER, Lapis lazuli. 
 
 OUVERTURE GAJDAVERTQ UE, Autoj^sia. 
 cadaveric a. 
 
 OVA GRAAFIAN A, FoUieuli Graafiani — o. 
 Nabothi, Nabothi glandulse. 
 
 OVAL, Ova'Us, Oo'des, Ooi'des, Ova'tus, from 
 ovum, 'an egg.' Egg-shaped; elliptic. That 
 which is round and oblong like an egg. 
 
 Ovale FoRA'JiEJf, Foramen oo' des, (F.) Trou 
 ovale. The foramen obturatorium ; also, the fo- 
 ramen in the inner paries of the middle ear, which 
 opens into the vestibule ; the foramen in the 
 sphenoid bone, through which the third branch 
 of the fifth pair issues from the cranium ,: and the 
 aperture, in the fostus, between the auricles of 
 the heart. See Botal Foramen. 
 
 OvALis Fossa, Val'vida seu Vestig''ium Fo- 
 ram'inis ovalis, is a depression observed in the 
 right auricle of the heart, on the septum, which 
 separates it from the left auricle. It has thick 
 and strong edges, at its upper and fore part, 
 called Cohim'iKs foram'inis ova'lis, Isthmus seu 
 An'nulus Vleusse'nii seu An'mdus fossm ovalis: 
 in the fcetus called An'nulus foram'inis vel fossa 
 ova'lis. The fossa ovalis, in the adult, replaces 
 the inter-auricular aperture in the septum auricu- 
 larum of the foetus. 
 
 OVA'RIAN, Oca'rial, Ovaria'nus, from ova- 
 rium, oiapiov, ' the ovary.' Relating to the ovary 
 — as Ovarian pregnancy. 
 
 Ovarian Artery, Spermatic artery — o. Nerves, 
 Spermatic j^lexus of nerves — o. Pregnancj', see 
 Pregnancy, ovarian — -o. Veins, Spermatic veins — 
 0. Vesicles, Folliculi Graafiani. 
 
 OVARIOTOMY, Oariotomy. 
 
 O'VARISTS, Ovists. Same etymon as Ovarian. 
 Those physiologists who think that the phenomena 
 of genea'atiou, in the human species and in every 
 species of animal, result from the development 
 of the ova or ovula of the female, merely incited 
 by the male. Not many of the physiologists of 
 the present day can be classed among the 
 ovarists. 
 
 OVARITIS, Oaritis. 
 
 OVA'RIUM. Same etymon. The O'vary, 
 Testis mulie'bris, T. femineus, Oa'rion, Ooi^h'o- 
 ron, Gynoa' ritim, Yesiea'rimn, (F.) Ovaire. The 
 ovaries are the organs in which the ova are 
 formed in oviparous animals. By analogy, the 
 name has been given to the organs which the 
 ancients called the testicles of the female. They 
 are two ovoid bodies, almost as large as the testi- 
 cles in men, placed on each side of the uterus, 
 between the Fallopian tube and round ligament, 
 and in the substance of the broad ligament. 
 Their outer extremity gives attachment to one of 
 the projections of the fimbriated extremity of the 
 Fallopian tube ; and the internal is fixed to the 
 uterus by a small ligamentous cord, called Liga- 
 meii'tum rotun'dum ova'rii, Lig' anient of the O'va- 
 ry. The ovaries are composed of a very close, 
 
 spongy texture — stroma, — and of small vesicles— 
 Follic'uU Graafiani, — filled with a clear fluid : 
 these vesicles contain ovules, which detach them- 
 selves from the ovarium before and after fecun- 
 dation, and are carried into the cavity of the ute- 
 rus by the Fallopian tube. 
 
 Ovarium Tumiduji, Oarioncus — o. Nabothi, 
 Nabothi glandulse. 
 
 OVATUS. Oval. 
 
 OVER-EATING, COLIC FROM, Colica cra- 
 pulosa. 
 
 OVERO BUTUA, Pareira brava. 
 
 OVICAPSULE, see Folliculi Graafiani. 
 
 OVIDUCTUS MULIEBRIS,TubaFallopiana. 
 
 OVIG"EROUS, O'viger, Ovig"erus; from 
 ovum, ' an egg,' and gero, ' I bear.' Containing 
 or producing ova or eggs. 
 
 YIPARITE, see Oviparous. 
 
 OVIP'AROUS, Oviij'arus ; from ovum, 'an 
 egg,' andpari'o, ' I bring forth.' An epithet ap- 
 plied to animals which are hatched from eggs 
 outside of the body. The condition may be 
 termed Ovip'arousness, (F.) Oviparite. See Ge- 
 neration. 
 
 OVIPAROUSNESS, see Oviparous. 
 
 OVISAC, see Folliculi Gi-aafiani — o. Tunic of 
 the, see Folliculi Graafiani. 
 
 OVISTS, Ovarists. 
 
 OVOLOGY, Oologia. 
 
 OVO-VIVIP'AROUS, from ovu7n, 'an egg,' 
 vivus, 'living,' and pario, 'I bring forth.' Ovi- 
 parous animals, whose ova are hatched within the 
 mother, — vipers, for example. See Generation. 
 
 OVULA GRAAFIANA, Folliculi Graafiani— 
 0. Nabothi, Nabothi glandulse. 
 
 OVULA'TIONj from ovidum, diminutive of 
 ovum, ' an egg.' The formation of ova in the 
 ovary, and the discharge of the same. 
 
 Spontaneous Ovulation, (F.) Ovulation spon- 
 tanee, is the spontaneous formation and discharge 
 of ova which takes place in the female of tho 
 mammalia. See Heat. 
 
 OVULINE, Decidua reflexa. 
 
 O'VULUM, O'vule ; diminutive of ovum, 'an 
 egg.' A small egg. That which has the appear- 
 ance of a small egg. See Ovum. 
 
 OVUM, aov, Con, an egg. The eggs of poultry 
 are chiefly used as food. The difi'erent parts are, 
 likewise, employed in medicine. The shell, Au- 
 ran'cum, Auran'tum, (F.) Coque d'oevf, Coquille 
 d'ceuf, calcined, is esteemed an absorbent. The 
 Oil of the egg is emollient, and is used, exter- 
 nally, to burns and chaps. The Yvlk or Yelk 
 of the egg — ] itel'ium seu Yitel'lus ovi — renders 
 oUs, &c., miscible with water. Eggs, when light 
 boiled, are easy of digestion ; but, when very 
 hard-boiled or fried, they are more rebellious. 
 
 Egg brandy is made bj'' taking of Brandy f §iv ; 
 Cinnamon water, f^iv'; the yolks of two eggs ; 
 Sugar, gss; and Oil of cinnamon, gtt. ij. Mix 
 the yolks of the eggs first with the water, the oil 
 and the sugar, stirring constantly. Then add the 
 brandy little and little, until a smooth fluid is 
 formed. It is an agreeable mode of giving brandy 
 in adynamic states. 
 
 In Pharmacy, white of egg, which consisli 
 chiefly of albumen, is used for clarifying S3'rups, 
 &c. Yolk of egg, (F.) Jaune d'ceuf, beaten up 
 with warm water and sugar, and ".romatizcd viiXh. 
 orange-flower water, forms an emulsion, which is 
 emollient, and known under the name Lait de 
 poule or chicken's milk. 
 
 Anatomists give the name Ova, O'vula, O'vules, 
 (F.) GEufs, to round vesicles, containing a humour 
 similar to the yolk of egg, which are situate it, 
 the ovaries of the female, and, when fecundated. 
 
OXALAS 
 
 630 
 
 OXYGEN 
 
 constitute the rudiments of the foetus. During 
 gestation, the embi-yo and its enveloping mem- 
 branes retain the name Ooum, (F.) (Euf. The 
 changes induced in the mammalia after impreg- 
 nation greatly resemble those in the bird. 
 
 Ovum, Testicle — o. Hystericum, see Clavus 
 hystericus. 
 
 OXALAS SUBPOTASSICUS, Potass, oxalate 
 of. 
 
 OXALAT'IC, Oxalat'icus. Relating to oxa- 
 lates: hence Oxulat'ic or Oxalic acid jDiath'esis 
 is the habit of body which favours the formation 
 and deposition of oxalates from the urine. 
 
 OXAL'IC ACID, Acidnm oxali'num, A. sae- 
 --hari'num, A. hydro-carhon'icum, A. acetosel'l(B, 
 A. oxal'icum, Acidiun sac'chari, Acid of svgar, 
 Acid of sorrel, Car'honous acuZ, from ofaXiy, 'sor- 
 rel.' An acid found in sorrel. It crystallizes in 
 long, colourless, quadrangular prisms, and is ge- 
 nerally found, in nature, united with lime or po- 
 tassa. It has been proposed, in a diluted state, 
 as a refrigerant, but it is unnecessary; and, be- 
 sides, in quantity, it is a virulently acrid poison. 
 It is largely employed for cleaning boot-tops; 
 and, as it strongly resembles the sulphate of 
 magnesia, has often been taken for it. Several 
 fatal cases are, indeed, on record. For its anti- 
 dotes, <fcc., see Poison. 
 
 OXALIC ACID DIATHESIS, see Oxalatic, 
 OXALIDE, Oxalis acetosella. 
 OXALIS ACETOSA, Rumex acetosa. 
 Ox'alis Acetosel'la. 0. America'na, Oxys 
 alba. The systematic name of the Woodsorrel, 
 Cuckowhread, Sour Trefoil, White sorrel. Moun- 
 tain Sorrel, Trifo'lium aceto'sum, OxitriphyVlum, 
 Lxijula, Allelu'ja, Acetosel'la, Oxyphyl'lon, Oxy- 
 triphyl'lon, Panis cu'culi, (F.) Surelle, Oxalide, 
 Pain a Coucou, Alleluia. Family, Geraniae. Sex. 
 Syst. Decandria Deeagynia. This plant has a 
 gratefully acid taste, and is used in salads. It 
 has been esteemed refrigerant, antiscorbutic, and 
 diuretic. 
 
 Oxalis Americana, 0. acetosella. 
 Oxalis Tdbeeo'sa, Oca. A tuberous plant, 
 whose oval-shaped root is used as food by the 
 Peruvians. It is watery, has a sweetish taste, 
 and is much liked. 
 
 OXALIUM, Potass, oxalate of. 
 OXAL'ME, from o^vs, ' acid,' and 'aXs, ' salt.' 
 A mixture of vinegar and salt. 
 OXALU'RIA, Urine, oxalic. 
 OXEL^'ON, from ofws, 'acid,' and EXator, 'oil.' 
 A mixture of vinegar and oil, used as a condi- 
 ment. 
 
 OX EYE, Helenium autumnale — o. Gall, Bile 
 of the ox. 
 
 OXIGEDBE, Juniperus oxycedrus. 
 OXID, Oxyd. 
 OXIDATION, Oxydation. 
 OXIDE, Oxyd. 
 
 OXIDtJM, Oxyd, see Oxydum. 
 OXI'NES, o^ivrii, {oivog,) from ofuy, 'acid.' 
 Wine already sour, but not yet vinegar. 
 OXITRlPHYLLUM, Oxalis acetosella. 
 OXODES, Acidulous. 
 OXOIDES, Acidulous. 
 OXOS, Aceticum acidum. 
 OXYA, Fagus sylvatica. 
 OXYiESTHESIA, Hypersesthesis. 
 OXYAPHE, Hyperaphia. 
 OXYAPHIA, Hyperaphia. 
 OXYBAPIIION, see Acetabulum. 
 OXYBOL'IA, from ofus, 'quick,' and /JoXi?, 
 ejection.' Too rapid emission of sperm. 
 OXYCANTHA, Mespilus oxyacantha. 
 Oxycan'tha Gale'ni, Ber'beris, Ber'heris vid- 
 ga'rif, Smna jbo'Hda, Crespi'nus, (F.) JEpine vi- 
 
 nette, Vinettier. Family, Berberideee. Sex. Syst. 
 HexandriaMonogynia. The Barberry. The fruit 
 of the berries. Barberries, Pipperidyes, is grate- 
 fully acid, and moderately astringent. By pre- 
 paring an alcoholic extract of the root and adding , 
 water to it, a pulverulent brown substance is 
 thrown down, which, when dissolved in alcohol 
 and evaporated, yields the bitter principle, Ber- 
 beriii, which is an excellent stomachic in the dose 
 of 2, 5, or 10 grains. 
 
 The American Barberry, Bar'beris Canaden'- 
 sis, Pipperidge Bush, Sowben-y, diH'ers .«lightlj 
 from the European. It flourishes on m-^untains 
 and hilly districts from Canada to Virginia. 
 OXYCFDKJE, Juniperus oxycedrus. 
 OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium oxycoccos — o. Pa< 
 lustris, Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
 
 OX'YCRATE, Oxycra'tum, from ofus, 'acid,' 
 and Kpaw, 'I mix;' Posca, Phusca. A mixture 
 of vinegar and water ; frequently used in medi- 
 cine as a refrigerant and antiseptic. 
 
 OXYCRO'CEUM EMPLASTRUM, from o^v;, 
 ' acid,' and K-po^of, ' saffron.' A plaster, composed 
 of saffron, pitch, colopjhony, yellow wax, turpen- 
 tine, galbanum, gum ammoniac, myrrh, olibainim, 
 and mastic. It was employed as a strengthening 
 plaster. 
 
 OXYCUM, Oxygen. 
 
 OXYD, Oxid, Oxide, Oxyde, Ox'ydum, Ox'- 
 idum, from ofus, 'acid.' A combination, not 
 acid, of a simple body with oxygen. 
 
 OXY'DA'TION, Oxyda'tio, Oxida'tion, Oxy- 
 genation. The action of oxydizing a body; that 
 is, of combining it with oxygen ; a combination 
 from which results an oxyd. 
 OXYDE,-Oxyd. 
 
 Oxyde, Cystic. A species of urinary calculus, 
 having the shape of confused, yellowish, semi- 
 transparent, insipid, very hard crystals. When 
 distilled, it furnishes subcarbonate of ammonia, 
 like all nitrogenized matters. It dissolves in the 
 nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric, and oxalic acids. 
 
 OXYDE D'ANTHIOINE SULFUBE, Oxy- 
 dum stibii sulphuratum. 
 
 OXYDER'CIA, Oxydor'cia, Visus a'eies, from 
 o|uj, ' quick,' and icpKeaOat, ' to see.' Sharpness 
 of vision. 
 
 OXYDER'CICUS, Oxyder'ces, from o|dj, 
 'sharp,' and ^tpKio, 'I see.' A medicine which 
 sharpens the sight. 
 
 OXYDORCIA, Oxydercia. 
 OXYDUM, Oxid — o. Antimonii cum phosphate 
 calcis, Antimonial powder. 
 
 OxYDUM Ferri Nigrum, Ferri ox'idvm ni- 
 grum. Black oxyd of iron. The scales, which fall 
 from iron, when heated, consist of iron, combined 
 with oxygen. They have been used like the cha- 
 lybeates in general. 
 
 OxYDUM Ferrictjm Crystallizatum Nati- 
 VUM, Haematites — o. Hydrargyri completum, Hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-oxydum — o. Hydrargyricum, Hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-oxy dum — o. Hydrargyricum prse- 
 paratum, Hj'drargyri oxydum cinereum — o. Hy- 
 drargyrosum, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. 
 
 OxYDDM Stibii Sulphura'tum, Hcjmr anti- 
 mo'nii, Cro'cus vietallo'rum, Crocus untimo'nii, 
 (F.) Oxyde d'antimoine sulfure, Foie d'Anti- 
 moine. This was formerly exhibited in the cure 
 of fevers, but it is now rarely employed. 
 OXYDUM URICUM, Uric oxide. 
 OXYECOIA, Hyperacusis. 
 OXYG'ALA, from o^uf, 'sour,' and ya\a, 'milk.' 
 Sour milk. The Oxygala equi'num, C'aracos'mos, 
 is reckoned amongst the delicacies of the Tartars. 
 OXYG'ARON, from ofuf, 'acid,' and y"?"^} 
 'garum.' A composition of garum and vinegar. 
 OX'YGEN, Oxygen inm, E)n})y'real air, Purt 
 
OXYGENATION 
 
 fiSl 
 
 OZONE 
 
 nlr, Vital air, Dephlogis'ticated air, Oxyg"enes, 
 Ox'yciim, Princij^iutn oxy(j"ena'ns seu o.ri/genet'- 
 icuin seu. acid'ijlcans seu ac"idum, Elemeii'tum 
 acidif iciini, (F.) Oxi/geiie, Air dufeii; from o^uf, 
 'acid,' aud yuvoixai, 'I engender,' that is, gene- 
 rator of acids; and such it was believed to be, 
 exclusively, at the period when the name was 
 given to it. This is now known not to be the 
 cas^. Oxygen is largely distributed in nature. 
 It exists iu the air, in water, in several acids, in 
 all the oxyds, and in vegetable and animal sub- 
 stances, &c. It is obtained by decomposing the 
 peroxyd of manganese or the chlorate of potassa 
 by heat in close vessels. Although oxygen, in 
 the state of admixture in which it is found in the 
 atmosphere, is of vital importance, it cannot be 
 respired in a pure state with impunity. Animals 
 die in it long before the whole of the oxygen is 
 consumed. The properties of oxygen seem to be 
 stimulant. It increases the force and velocity of 
 the pulse, and has, accordingly, been used in 
 cases of chronic debility, chlorosis, asthma, scro- 
 fula, dropsy, paralysis, &e. It requires to be diluted 
 witli from 10 to 20 parts of atmospheric air; one 
 to two quarts being given during the day. 
 OXYGENATION, Oxydation. 
 OXYGSNE, Oxygen. 
 
 OXYGENESES. A name given by Baumes 
 to diseases which he attributed to disordered ox- 
 ygenation. 
 
 OXYGEUSIA, Hypergeustia. 
 OXYG'LICUS, Oxyg'liees, from ofuf, 'acid,' 
 and y\vKvs, 'sweet;' JIulsa acida, Ace'tuni mtd- 
 siim dulce. Prepared by macerating and boiling 
 honey-comb (from which the greater part of the 
 honey has been taken) in water, and adding vine- 
 gar. An O.rymel. 
 
 OXYLAPATHUM, Rumex acutus. 
 OX'YMEL, Aijom'eli, Mel aceta'tum, from o^vg, 
 'acid,' and /jeXi, 'honey.' Honey and vinegar 
 boiled to a sj'rupy consistence. 
 
 OxYMEL ^RUGiNis, Linimentum ^ruginis. 
 OxYMEL Col'chici, Oxymel of meadoio saffron, 
 (F.) Oxymel colchiqiie. (Bad. colch. recent, in 
 laminas teniies seetcB 3J, aceii destillati Ibj, mellis 
 deapumat. pond. Ibij. Macerate in a gentle heat 
 for 48 hours. Press and boil the liquor with the 
 honey to the thickness of a syrup ; stirring with 
 a wooden spoon. Ph. D.) It is expectorant and 
 diuretic. Dose, f^j, in gruel. 
 
 0XY3IEL COLCHIQUE, 0. colchici— o. of 
 Meadow saffron, 0. colchici. 
 
 OxYifEL ScilLjE, Oxymel of squills, 3fel scillce, 
 Oxymel scillit'icum. (Mellis. des2Jumat. Oiss, aceti 
 sciUcB Oij. Boil in a glass vessel over a gentle fire 
 to a proper consistence.) It is reputed to be ex- 
 pectorant and diuretic. Dose, ^j. 
 
 Oxymel, Simple, Oxymel simplex, is prepared 
 as follows : {Mellis despumati Ibij, acidi acetici 
 Ibj. Boil in a glass vessel, over a slow fire, to a 
 proper thickness. Ph. L.) It is cooling; — ex- 
 ternally detergent. 
 
 Oxymel of Squill, 0. scill«. 
 OXYMYRRHINE, Ruscus. 
 OXYMYRSINE, Ruscus. 
 OXYNGIUM, Adeps suillus. 
 OXYNI'TRON, from ofuj, 'acid,' and vtraov, 
 * nitre.' Name of a plaster, composed chiefly of 
 vinegar and nitre, and recommended by Aetius. 
 OXYNOSEMA, Acute disease. 
 OXYNOSOS, Acute disease. 
 OXYNUSOS, Acute disease. 
 OXYO'PIA, Galero'pia, Hyperop' sia, Sujfu'sio 
 eaicla'rans, Acies visAs, from ofuj, 'quick,' and 
 (oxp, ' sight.' Excessive acuteness of the sense of 
 sight. Instances have occurred where persons 
 could see the stars in the day time. The cause 
 
 is seated in great sensibility of the retina. The 
 term has been used synonymously with nycta- 
 lopia. 
 
 OXYOSPHRE'SIA, Oxyosphra'sia, from o^v?, 
 'acute,' and oacbpricis, 'smell. Excessive acutenese 
 of the sense of smell. 
 
 OXYPHLEGMA'SIA, olvf\tynama, Acxi'ta et 
 ve'hernens inflamma'tio. A violent inflammation. 
 
 OXYPHCENICON, Tamarindus. 
 
 OXYPHO'NIA, Vox acu'ta; from o|uj, 'sharp, 
 and fwvr], 'voice;' Parapho'nia clangens. P. ul- 
 cero'sa, Clangor, Vox clango'sa, Lejytopho'nia. 
 A shrill and squalling voice; — frequently, a 
 symptom of morbid affection of the larynx. 
 
 OXYPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 OXYPODIA, see Kyllosis. 
 
 OXYPROTEIN, see Corium phlogisticum. 
 
 OXYP.EG'MIA, Euctus ac"idns, from o|uf, 
 
 and 
 
 :f)£uya). 
 
 ' I belch.' Acid eructation. 
 
 OXYR'IA RENIFORM'IS, Bumex dig"ynus. 
 Boreal sourdocl; Mountain Sorrel, Welsh, sorrel,' 
 A plant, Sex. Syst. Diandria digynia, which grows 
 in the northern parts of America and Europe: 
 blossoming in the spring. It possesses the samo 
 properties as oxalis acetosella. 
 
 OXYIiPbHOD'INON, Ace'tuni rosa'tum, from 
 o|iJf, 'acid,' and go&ov, 'a rose.' A composition 
 of vinegar and roses. ( 01. rosat. §jj, acet. rosat. 
 3j.) Used as a liniment in herpes and erysipelas. 
 
 OXYS, Acetum, Acid, Acute — o. Alba, Oxalis 
 acetosella. 
 
 OXYSAC'CHARUM, from ofuf, 'acid,' and 
 cTUKxapov, ' sugar.' A mixture of sugar and vine- 
 gar. It was called Oxysac'charum vomiti'vum, 
 when it held in solution the glass of antimony ; 
 and Oxysac'charum scillit'icum, when it contained 
 squills. 
 
 OXYSAL DIAPHORBT'ICUM AN'GELI 
 SALiE. A preparation of Angelo Sala. Ace- 
 tate of potass exposed to the atmosphere ; and 
 consequently fallen into a state of deliquium.— 
 Orfila. 
 
 OXYTARTARUS, Potassaa acetas. 
 
 OXYTES, Acidities. 
 
 OXYTOCIA. Same etymon as the next. Ra- 
 pidity of parturition. Too great rapidity of birth. 
 
 OXYTOCIC, Oxyt'ocus, from ofuf, ' quick,' and 
 TiKTU}, 'I bring forth.' A medicine which pro- 
 motes delivery. 
 
 OXYTRIPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 OXYUBE VEBMICULAIBE, Ascaris ver- 
 micularis. 
 
 OYSTER ROOT, Tragopogon — o. Shells, Os- 
 tresB testae — o. Prepared, Testa prseparata. 
 
 OZ^'NA, Coryza enton'ica, C. puriden'ta, Py- 
 orrhcea nasa'lis, Entoza'na, 0. ozcsno'sa, C. idce- 
 ro'sa, Coryza virulen'ta, C. malig'na, Bhini'tis 
 xdcero'sa, Ulcus na'rium fastens, from o^u, 'I smell 
 of something.' (F.) Ozene, Punaisie. An affec- 
 tion of the pituitary membrane, which gives oc- 
 casion to a disagreeable odour, similar to that of 
 a crushed bed-bug; hence the name Punais, by 
 which the French designate one labouring under 
 ozsena. It is, sometimes, owing to caries of tho 
 bones ; but is, perhaps, most frequently depend- 
 ent upon syphilitic ulceration of the pituitary 
 membrane, with or without caries of the bones 
 of the nose. 
 
 OzjENA Benigna, Coryza, chronic. 
 
 •OZE, Breath, oifensive. 
 
 OZEMAN, Albumen. 
 
 OZENE, Ozsena, 
 
 OZONE : same etymon as Ozsena. The pow 
 erfully odorous matter produced when a current 
 of ordinary electricity passes from pointed bodiei 
 into the air. — Schonbein. 
 
632 
 
 PAIN 
 
 P. 
 
 P. A contraction of Pugillux. "1 
 
 P. M. A contraction of Partes 
 
 cBquales. 
 P. P. A contraction of Pulvis 
 
 I See Aljljre- 
 
 pat rum. J 
 
 PAB'ULUM, Trophe, Phorhe, Alimen'txim, Nu- 
 trimen.'tum. Food, aliment. The animal heat 
 and animal spirits — unmeaning terms — were for- 
 meriv considered the Pahulum vitcB. 
 
 PACAY, Prosopis dukis. 
 
 PACCHIO'NI, GLANDS OF, Glan' dulm Burcs 
 Matris, G. durcB Menin'c/is, Tuber' cula parva du- 
 rcB matris, C'or'p)ora glandifor'mia dura matris, 
 (F.) Granulations cerebrales. Small, -whitish, or 
 yellowish bodies, sometimes separate, at others 
 united like a bunch of grapes, which are ob- 
 served in several jjarts of the dura and pia mater. 
 They receive vessels, but apparently no nerves. 
 Their texture and uses are unknown. A con- 
 siderable number is observed in the longitudinal 
 sinus, covered by the internal membrane. 
 
 PACH^'MI-1, PacJii/a'mia, PaeJice'ma, Pa- 
 chyrn'ma, from naxvs, 'thick,' and 'aina, 'blood. 
 Too great thickness of the blood. 
 
 PACHEABLBPHARO'SIS, PacTieallejm'ara, 
 Paclujhleph'aron, Pachyhlepharo'sis, Pach'ytes, 
 from Tra-)(yi> ' thick,' and /3A£0apov, ' an eyelid.' 
 A name given, by some authors, to a thickening 
 of the eyelids, produced by tubercles or excres- 
 cences formed on their margins. It is the same 
 p.tFection as that which Sauvages designates Ca- 
 li'go d PacTieablepliaro' si. 
 PACHETOS, see Laqueus. 
 
 PACIIULOSIS, Pachylosis. 
 
 PACHYJEMIA, Pachffimia. 
 
 PACHYBLEPHAROX, Pacheablepharosis. 
 
 PACHYCHOL'IA, from jra^"?. 'thick,' and 
 ;^oX?7, ' bile.' Morbid thickness of the bile. 
 
 PACHYLO'SIS, Pachido'sis, from Tzaxv;, 
 'thick.' An inordinate production of the epi- 
 dermis dependent upon hypertrophy of the pa- 
 pilla? of the skin.— E. Wilson. 
 
 PACBTNSIS, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 
 PACHYNTICA, Incrassantia, 
 
 PACHYSMUS, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 
 PACHYTES, Pacheablepharosis. 
 
 PACINIAN CORPUSCLES, see Corpuscles. 
 , PACKING, OF THE HYDROPATHISTS ; 
 JEmaillotaqe. 
 
 PACKWAX, see Micha. 
 
 PAD, (S.) Pujado, from paja, 'straw.' Plu- 
 mace'olus, Pulvil'lus, Pulvin'uliis, Parvum pul- 
 vi'nar ; — a cushion, a little cushion; a. junk; (F.) 
 Coussinet. A small bag, filled with feathers, 
 wool, hair, bran, chaff, Ac. It is used to com- 
 press or support parts. In the treatment of cer- 
 tain fractures, soft pads or cushions, called by 
 the French Pcrnplissages, are placed between the 
 splints and the fractured limb, in order that the 
 prominent parts may not be chafed by the splints, 
 
 PADDIE, see Oryza. 
 
 PADDY, see Oryza. 
 
 PADNOON. Bit noben. 
 
 PAD'UA, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near 
 Padua, in Italy, there are several thermal, sul- 
 phureous springs; the hottest of which is 1SS° 
 Fahr. The chief establishments are Abano, Bat- 
 taglia, and Montegrotto. 
 
 PAD US, Prunus padus — p. Avium, Prunus 
 padus — p. Lauro eerasus, Prunus lauro-cerasus. 
 
 PJiDAN'CHONE, from rraif, Tratio;, 'a child,' 
 
 and ayxi^, 'I strangle;' Anrji'na Sicca. Name 
 of a fatal species of cynanche, mentioned by M, 
 A. Severinus; probably the Cynanche Trachedlis, 
 or Cynanche Maligna.. 
 
 P^DARTHROCACE, Spina rentosa. 
 
 P^DATROPH'IA, Atrophia in/an'tilis, Ma- 
 ras'mus lactan'tiiim, from ttoi?, 7701^0?, 'a child,' 
 a, privative, and Tpo(pii, ' nourishment.' Atrophy 
 of children. Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 Pjddateophia Glandulosa, Scrofula. 
 
 PiEDERAS'TIA, Padogo'rjium, Pcedion'tio, 
 Cinm'dia, from -aaig, 'a boy,'' and eou;, 'love.' 
 The love of boys. A disgraceful passion, com- 
 mon in ancient times, but now unknown. These 
 terms are likewise applied to the crime of sodomy. 
 
 P^DI'A, TraiSiia, 'learning.' Ednca'tio in- 
 fan'tum. The bringing up or education — phy- 
 sical as well as moral — of children. 
 
 P^DIATRI'A, PcEdiat'rica, from iratj, 'a 
 child,' and larnua, 'medical management.' Treat- 
 ment of the diseases of children. 
 
 P^DICATIO, Pffiderastia. 
 
 PiEDICTERUS, Icterus infantum. 
 
 PiEDOBARO M ACROMETER, Baromaero- 
 meter. 
 
 P^DOGOGIUM, Pajderastia. 
 
 PEDOMETER, Baromacrometer. 
 
 P^DON'OSUS, from ™if, -aaihoi, 'a child,' 
 and voo-of, 'disease.' A disease of childhood. 
 
 P^EDOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from ttois, 'a child,' 
 ^\f\i, ' a vein,' and ro^r], 'incision.' YencBsec'tio 
 ■puero'rum. Bleeding performed on children. 
 
 P^DOT'RIBES, Min'ister Gymnas'tcB, from ' 
 Traij, 'a child,' and rpiPto, ' I train.' In ancient 
 gymnastics, the ofiicer acquainted with all the 
 prescribed exercises, and who carried them into 
 effect, according to the directions of the superior. 
 
 P^O'NIA, P. officina'lis seu mas'cvln seu nc- 
 mora'lis seu fem'ina seu loba'ta, Glycis'ide, Hm- 
 mogo'gum, Pe'ony, or Pi'ony, male and female. 
 (F.) Piroine, Pione. The root, flowers, and seeds 
 were long esteemed powerful medicines. They 
 are feebly astringent, and have been considered 
 to be narcotic and antispasmodic. They have 
 been given, particularly, in intermitlents and 
 epilepsy, but are not now used. The flowers are 
 called Roses benedic'tcc, li. re'yics. 
 
 PiEONICE. Medicine. 
 
 P/EONICUS. Medical. 
 
 P.EONIUS, Medical. 
 
 P.EOSYNE, Medicine. 
 
 PAGAPOPLEX'IA, from rayeiv, 'to nnil fast,' 
 and azoirXri^ia, ' apoplexj'.' Apoplexy from cold. 
 
 PAIDIA, Infancy. 
 
 PAIDION, Infans. 
 
 PAIGIL, Primula veris. 
 
 PAIN, (old F.) pniner, 'to torment;' Sax. 
 pinan, 'to torture.' Dolor, Algns, AU/e'ma, Al- 
 ge'do, Alge'sis, Od'yne, (F.) Douleur. A disa- 
 greeable sensation, which .scarcely admits of de- 
 finition. It is generally sj-mptomatic, and is 
 called acute, (F.) aiguc, when very violent; ^ji/h- 
 fjent, (F.) pongiiire, when it resembles that which 
 would be produced by a sharp instrument run 
 into the part: heavy, (F.) gravntive, when at- 
 tended with a sensation of weight; tensirc, when 
 the part seems distended: lan'cinating, when oc- 
 curring in shoots : lac' crating or tcariiirj, when 
 the part seems to be tearing : burning, (F.) brd- 
 lante, when resembling that produced by a burn. 
 
PAIN 
 
 f533 
 
 PALATINE 
 
 Paix, Bvn, Hemicrania. 
 
 PAIN, see Triticum — -jj. a Coucoii, Oxalis aee- 
 tosella — p. de Madagascar, Jatropha manihot — 
 p. de Poiirceaii, Cyclamen. 
 
 PAINS, AFTER, see P. labour. 
 
 Pains, Gnawing, Dolo'res roden'tes. Pains re- 
 sembling what might be produced by the gnaw- 
 ing of an animal. 
 
 Pains, Labour pains, Throes, Throws, Partu- 
 rieii'tis dolo'res, Odin, Odis, Dolo'res ad partnm, 
 Torm'ina partiirientiiim, (F.) Mai d' Enfant, Doii- 
 leurs. The uneasy sensations that accompany 
 labour, and are owing to uterine contraction. 
 The pains that precede actual delivery, and are 
 simply employed in dilating the os uteri, are 
 called grinding ; those which extrude the child, 
 forcing. Those which take place in the first 
 days after delivery, and are employed in forcing 
 away coagula, .fee, are termed After pains, Do- 
 lo'res sou Tormina jiost partum, D. puerpera'rum, 
 (F.) Tranchees uterines. 
 
 " To take a piain," — '' To try a pain," — is to 
 make an examination per vaginam, during la- 
 bour, to discover its progress, character, &,o. 
 
 The French term the pains, which precede and 
 announce labour, mouches ; those which accom- 
 pany it, douleurs ; and those which occur imme- 
 diately afterwards, tranchees ou coliques. 
 
 PAINT, from pjingere, p)inctum, 'to paint,' (I.) 
 pinto, {^.) p)eint ; Pigmen'tum, Fucus, (F.) Fard. 
 A name given to diilerent substances, employed 
 for embellishing the complexion or rendering the 
 skin softer. The substances most commonly used 
 for this purpose are: — the Suhnitrate of Bismuth, 
 (F.) Blanc de fard. A spirituous solution of 
 benzoin, precipitated by water, and forming Vir- 
 gin's milk, (F.) Lait virginal; the red or rouge 
 of the carthamus ; Spanish white; the oxides of 
 lead, tin, and mercury, vermilion, red sauuders, 
 <fcc. All paints may be said to be noxious. They 
 injure the skin ; obstruct perspiration ; and, thus, 
 frequently lay the foundation for cutaneous affec- 
 tions. See Cosmetic. 
 
 Paint, Indian, Hydrastis Canadensis, Sangui- 
 naria Canadensis — p. Yellow, Hydrastis Cana- 
 densis. 
 
 PALiESTRA, Gymnasium. 
 
 PALAIS, Palate. 
 
 PALATAL, Palatine. 
 
 PALATE, Pala'tum, Jli/pero'a, IIj/j)erb'um, 
 TJranis'cos, Roof of the mouth. Fossa Palati'na, 
 Palatum stah'ile. Hard Palate, (F.) Palais. The 
 upper part of the cavity of the mouth ; a kind of 
 parabolic vault, formed by the two superior max- 
 illary bones, and the two palate bones covered 
 with a thick and dense mucous membrane : 
 bounded, before and at the sides, bj' the superior 
 dental arch ; and, behind, by the velum palati. 
 A whitish line runs along the middle, from be- 
 fore to behind; at the anterior extremity of which 
 is a tubercle corresponding to the inferior orifice 
 of the anterior palatine canal. The arteries of 
 the palate and corresponding gums proceed from 
 the palatine, alveolar, infra-orbitar, labial, and 
 buccal branches. The veins follow a similar 
 course. The nerves are given oif from the pala- 
 tine, facial, infra-orbitar, superior dental, and 
 from the naso-palatine ganglion. 
 
 Palate, Aiitific"ial, (P.) Ohturateur du Pa- 
 lais. A plate of tortoise-shell, silver, &c., used 
 to close a deficiency of the palate. 
 
 Palate Bone, Os Pala'ti, Os hasila're, (F.) 
 Os Palatin, Os du Palais, is a small bone, of an 
 irregular shape, situate at the posterior part of 
 the nasal fossaj and palate. It seems formed by 
 the union of two bony plates joined at right an- 
 gles to each other; so that one is inferior and 
 horizontal; — the other, superior and vertical. 
 
 The horizontal or palatine portion, Arch of the 
 palate, is ciuadrilateral. Its upper surface forma 
 part of the nasal fossas ; the lower forms part of 
 the palatine arch, and contains the inferior orifice 
 of the posterior palatine canal. Its anterior edge 
 is articulated with the palatine process of the 
 superior maxillary bone; the liosterior is free 
 and sharp. It gives attachment to the velum 
 palati, and presents an eminence, which, when 
 joined with one on the opposite side, forms the 
 posterior nasal spine. Its inner edge is articu- 
 lated with the corresponding bone; its outer is 
 confounded with the vertical portion. The ver- 
 tical or ascending piortion has the form of a long 
 square. The inner surface forms part of the 
 outer paries of the nasal fossae. Its outer sur- 
 face is unequal, and is articulated with the supe- 
 rior maxillary bone; behind, it presents a verti- 
 cal groove, which forms part of the posterior 
 palatine canal; and, above, a small free surface, 
 which looks into the zygomatic fossa. Its ante- 
 rior edge is united with the superior maxillary 
 bone; the posterior is unequal, and rests on the 
 internal ala of the pterygoid process. The angle, 
 which it forms by uniting with the posterior edge 
 of the horizontal portion, presents a very promi- 
 nent pyramidal eminence, called the tuberosity of 
 the p)alate hone. Its upper margin is surmounted 
 by two eminences ; — the one, anterior, called the 
 orhitar process; — the other posterior, the sphe~ 
 noid process. These two processes are separated 
 by an almost circular notch, which the sphenoid 
 bone forms into a foramen, called the spheno- 
 palatine. 
 
 This bone appears to be developed from a single 
 point of ossification. It is articulated, with the 
 sphenoid, ethmoid, the cornua sphenoidalia, su- 
 perior maxillary bone, the inferior spongy bone, 
 the vomer, and its fellow. 
 
 Palate, Cleft, see Harelip — p. Falling down 
 of the, Uvulitis — p. Fissured, see Harelip — p. 
 Hard, Palate — p. Soft, Velum pendultim ijalati. 
 
 PAL'ATINE, Pal'atal, Palati'nus, Pal'atic, 
 from p)alatum, ' the palate.' Relating or belong- 
 ing to the palate. 
 
 Palatine or Palatal Arteries are two in 
 number. They are distinguished into, 1. The 
 superior palatal or palatine, Palati'na descen'- 
 dens or Pal'ato-max'illary, which leaves the in- 
 ternal maxillary behind the top of the orbit; de- 
 scends into the pterygo-maxillary fissure, and 
 enters the posterior maxillary canal. Its branches 
 are distributed to the velum palati and the nasal 
 fossaj. 2. The inferior or ascending j)nlatine or 
 palatal, which is very small, and separates from 
 the facial near its origin. It passes along the 
 lateral and superior part of the pharynx, between 
 the pillars of the velum palati, and divides into 
 a number of ramusculi, which are distributed to 
 the pharj'nx, the corresponding tonsil, the Eus- 
 tachian tube, and the velum palati. 
 
 Palatine Canals or Ducts. These are two 
 in number. The anterior, Ductus incisi'vus vel 
 Nasa'lo-pala.ti'mts, Inci'sive canal, is situate at 
 the anterior part of the palatine arch, and is 
 formed by the two superior maxillary bones. It 
 is single beneath, but opens above by two aper- 
 tures, one into each nasal fossa. The foramen is 
 called Fora'men incisi'vum vel F. Palatinum ante'- 
 rius, F. Alveola're ante'rius, and F. ccBcum ossia 
 maxilla' ris supierio' ris. The posterior palatine 
 canal is situate at the posterior part of the palate. 
 It is formed by the palate and superior maxillary 
 bones, ascends between these two bones ; and, iu 
 its course, gives rise to two or three small acces- 
 sary palatine canals, which open above the tuber- 
 osity of the palate bone. It transmits the nerves 
 and vessels which bear its name. T le foramerf 
 
PALATITE 
 
 634 
 
 PALMAR 
 
 is called, F. Palati'num poste'rius, F. Palato- 
 maxilla'ie, F. alveola' re poste'ri us. 
 
 Palatinjs Membrane is the fibro-mueons mem- 
 brane that lines the palate or roof of the mouth. 
 
 Palatine or Palatal Nerves, Guttnro-pala- 
 tiiis, (Ch.) are three in number; and arise from 
 the inferior part of the spheno-palatine ganglion. 
 1. The great palatine, Palatin inferieur, (Ch.) 
 is situate anteriorly to the two others, and de- 
 scends into the posterior palatine canal ; gives a 
 nasal filament and a stapihyline filament, and is 
 distributed on the palate. 2. The middle pala- 
 tine. Guttural, (Ch.,) which arises behind the pre- 
 ceding; enters one of the accessary palatine ca- 
 nals, and is distributed to the tonsils and velum 
 palati. 3. The little pialatine nerve, situate still 
 more backward than the last, which loses itself 
 by several filaments in the uvula, tonsils, and fol- 
 licles of the palatine membrane. 
 
 PALATITE, Isthmitis. 
 
 PALATITIS, Uranisconitis. 
 
 PALATO-GLOSSUS, Glossostaphylinus. 
 
 PALAT0-PHARYNGEUS,PAn)7/)iV-«<"i%- 
 li'nus, Staphijli'nn-pharyngens, Thyro-pharyn'- 
 go-ataphyli'nas, part of the Hypero-pharyngeus, 
 (F.) Palato-pAaryngien , Stylo -pharyngi en (Ch.) A 
 membranous muscle, broader at its middle than 
 at its extremities, and situate vertically in the 
 lateral paries of the pharynx and velum palati. 
 It includes the perystaphylo-pharyngeus, pha- 
 ryngo-staphylinus, and th}'ro-staphylinus of 
 Winslow. When the two palato-pharyngei con- 
 tract together, they depress the velum. They 
 elevate and shorten the pharynx, and act princi- 
 pally in deglutition. 
 
 PALA TO-PHAR YNGIEN, Palato - pharyn- 
 geus — p. Salpingeus, Circumflexus — p. Salpin- 
 (jien, Circumflexus. 
 
 PALATOSTAPHTLINI, see Azygos muscle. 
 
 PALATUM FISSUM, Hyperoochasma — p. 
 MoUe, Velum pendulum palati — p. Pendulum, 
 Velum pendulum palati. 
 
 PALE, Pollen. 
 
 PALENESS, Pallor, Och'rofes, OcJiro'ma, 
 Ochri' asis, Leuco'sis, Dealba'tio, Luror, (F.) 
 Pdleur. "Whiteness of complexion. It appears 
 to be owing to a diminution or alteration of the 
 blood circulating in the capillary vessels, and is 
 often a sign of disease. 
 
 PALES COULEURS, Chlorosis. 
 
 PALETTE, (F.) Pal'mida, Fer'ula. An in- 
 strument of percussion. It has the shape of a 
 spatula with a long handle ; is made of very light, 
 white wood, and has been proposed, by Mr. Percy, 
 for what is called the Masnnge, a kind of pressure 
 or kneading, exerted by the hand on the body 
 and limbs to excite the tone of the skin and sub- 
 jacent tissues. 
 
 Palette also means a cup for bleeding, and the 
 xiphoid cartilage (?). 
 
 PALETTE A PANSEMENT. A small splint 
 of thin, scooped wood, having the shape of the 
 hand, and used to support the hand in certain 
 cases — when burnt, for example — in order to pre- 
 vent the fingers from being deformed by the cica- 
 trices. 
 
 PALETTE DE CABALS. An instrument, 
 invented by Cabanis of Geneva to draw out the 
 extremity of the stylet when passed into the nose, 
 ia the operation for fistula lachrymalis. It is 
 composed of two plates of silver, pierced with 
 several holes, and movable on each other. To 
 use it, the instrument must be carried into the 
 nose, so that the holes of the two plates corres- 
 {•ond. When the end of the stylet is received 
 into one of these holes, it is pinched, by sliding one 
 ^ the plates on the other, and is easily withdrawn. 
 
 PALEUR, Paleness. 
 
 PALI PLAGUE, see Plague. 
 
 PALILLO, Campomanesia lineatifolia. 
 
 PALIMPISSA, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 PALINCOTESIS, Recrudescentia. 
 
 PALINDROME, Palindromia. 
 
 PALINDROM'IA, Palin'drome, from rahv, 
 ' again,' and Spoi/os, ' a course.' This word sig- 
 nifies, with some, a reflux of fluids from the exte- 
 rior towards the interior ; and, according to others, 
 the relapse of an affection — the recurrence — lie- 
 cur'sio, Ils2}etit"io — of a paroxysm or disease, — 
 Morbus recidi'vus, Ilorhi recur'sus. 
 
 PALINGENESIS, Regeneration. 
 
 PALLIA'TION, Pallia'tio, from palliare, ' to 
 cover, mask;' froxa pallium, 'a mantle.' The act 
 of palliating — that is, of causing the symptoms 
 of a disease to mitigate, without curing it. The 
 medical art can frequently only moderate the 
 symjjtoms of a disease, prevent it from making 
 progress, prolong the days of the patient, and di- 
 minish his sufferings. 'ih\5 \a a. pialliative treat- 
 ment. 
 
 PAL'LIATIVE, Pallinti'vus, Antipalh'ic, 
 Enantiop)ath'ic. A remedy or mode of treatment, 
 which only relieves a disease, without curing it. 
 The palliative treatment — Cnra. paUiati'va, is 
 placed in antithesis to the radical, C'ara radlca'lis ; 
 see Radical. 
 
 PALLIDULUS, Blofard. 
 
 PALLIDUS MORBUS, Chlorosis. 
 
 PALLOR, Paleness — p. Virginum, Chlorosis. 
 
 PALM, Palma, Vola, V. mantis, Plate'a, The- 
 nar, Ages, Agos'tus, Poc'idum, Pat'era, Svpiellex 
 seu Supellec'tile LHog"enis, (F.) Paume ou C'revx 
 de la main. The hollow or inside of the hand. 
 It is limited, tcithotif, by the thenar eminence, 
 which answers to the thumb; unthin, by the hy- 
 pothenar eminence, which answers to the little 
 finger; above, by the wrist-joint; and, helow, by 
 the four fingers. 
 
 PALMA CHRISTI, Ricinus communis — p. 
 Cocos, Cocos nueifera — p. Dactj'lifera, Date tree 
 — p. Humilis, Musa paradisiaca — p. Unguentari- 
 orum, Myrobalanus. 
 
 PALM^ U'TERI PLICA'T^, Arhor vit<B 
 vteri'nus, A. u'teri viv'ijicans. The arborescent 
 striee in the interior of the cervix uteri. 
 
 PALM AIRE OUTANE, Palmaris brevis— ;>. 
 Grand, Palmaris magnus — p. GrSle, Palmaris 
 longus — p. Long, Palmaris longus. 
 
 PALMAR, Palma'ris, from ^jn^wa, 'the palm 
 of the hand.' That which concerns the palm of 
 the hand. The palm has, sometimes, been di- 
 vided into three regions, called pialmar. 1. The 
 external palmar region corresponds to the thenar 
 eminence. 2. The internal patwnr region is 
 formed by the hypothenar eminence : and, 3. The 
 middle palmar region is the hollow of the hand, 
 (F.) Creux de la main. 
 
 Palmar Aponeueo'sis, Palmar fas'cia. A 
 strong triangular aponeurosis, which arises from 
 the inferior tendon of the palmaris brovis, and 
 the anterior annular ligament of the carpus. It 
 covers the whole palm of the hand, and adheres, 
 somewhat strongly, to the skin of the part. The 
 palmar ligaments are small, verj' numerous, 
 fibrous fasciae, which unite the difl'erent bones of 
 the carpus and metacarpus. 
 
 PAL^fAR Arches, (F.) Arcades ou Crosses pal- 
 maires. The curved extremities of the radial and 
 cubital arteries in the palm of the band. There 
 are two palmar arches: — the one cvhitnl or «if- 
 perficinl, — grande Arcade palmaire of Chaussier, 
 furnishes, at its convexity towards the fingers, 
 the collateral arteries of the fingers, and the in- 
 ternal collateral of the thumb ; the other, the 
 radial, profound, or deep-seated, — jjc^iVe Arcade 
 
PALMARIS 
 
 635 
 
 PALUDOSUS 
 
 tilmai're of Chaussier, is deep in tlie palm of the 
 liiind ben'iath the tendons of the flexor muscles 
 of the fingers. It gives some small branches 
 only to the surrounding parts. The palmar veins 
 aooompany the corresponding arteries. 
 
 Palmar Arteries, see Palmar arches — p. 
 Fascia, P. aponeurosis. 
 
 PAL^rAJ!, Muscles. These are three in num- 
 ber. 1. Palma'ria Magnus, Flexor carpi radia'lis, 
 Badia'lis intern'us, (F.) Epitrocldo-metacarpien 
 (Ch.), Palmaire grand, Radial anterieur. A long 
 fusiform muscle, which passes obliquely from the 
 inner tuberosity of the humerus to the upper ex- 
 trejiity of the second metacarpal bone. It bends 
 the hand. 2. Palmaris Inngus, Latescen'tis chordm, 
 Ulna'ris grac"ilis, (F.) Ep>itroe}do- carpi -pal- 
 maire (Ch.), Palmaire long, P. grele. This muscle 
 is situate on the inner side of the last. It is very 
 slender, and passes from the inner tuberosity of 
 the humerus to the anterior annular ligament of 
 the carpus, and to the palmar aponeurosis, which 
 it seems to form by the vanishing of its fibres. It 
 stretches the palmar aponeurosis, and bends the 
 hand. 3. Palmaris Previa, Caro quadra'ta, Cur- 
 picb'us, (F.) Palmaire cutane. A small, thin, 
 quadrilateral muscle ; situate before the thenar 
 eminence. It passes from the annular ligament 
 of the carpus to the integuments of the palm of 
 ih& hand, which it wrinkles by its contractions. 
 
 Palmar Veins, see Palmar arches. 
 
 PALMARIS BREVIS, see Palmar muscles — 
 p. Longus, see Palmar muscles — p. Magnus, see 
 Palmar muscles. 
 
 PALMETTO, SAW, Chamserops serratula. 
 
 PALMI-PHALANGIENS, Lumbricales ma- 
 nus. 
 
 PALMISTRY, Chiromancy. 
 
 PALMOSCOP'IA, from ttoX/^o?, 'palpitation,' 
 and dKo-tdi, ' I view.' Investigation of the beat- 
 ing of the heart and pulse. Prognosis from the 
 beating of the heart and pulse. 
 
 PALMULA, Date, Palette. 
 
 PALMUS, Palpitation — p. Cordis, Palpitation 
 — p. Plumbarius, Colic, metallic — p. Vomitus, 
 Vomiting. 
 
 PALO DE CALENTURAS, Calenturas. 
 
 PALOS DE CALENTURA, Cinchona. 
 
 PALPA'TION, from (F.) palper, to feel. The 
 sense of touch. It is also used for the mode of 
 exploring disease by feeling or pressing upon the 
 diseased organ. 
 
 PAL'PEBRA, supposed to be from palpitare, 
 *to palpitate,' owing to its frequent motion (?) 
 Bleph' aron, Ojjer'culum seu Cooper' cidum oc'xdi. 
 Eyelid, ( F.) Paupiere. The eyelids are two 
 movable vela, situate in front of the eye ; which 
 by their separation permit the organ to receive 
 the impression of light, or by their greater or less 
 occlusion protect it from the influence of too 
 great light, or from the action of extraneous bo- 
 dies. They are separated, above, from the fore- 
 head, by the eyebrows; and, below, are con- 
 founded with the cheeks. They are distinguished 
 into vp)per, Palpehra major seu superior, EpicyV - 
 ium, — and lower, Palpehra minor seu inferior, 
 Hypoeoi'lis, Hypoeoe'lum, Hypoc'ylum. The for- 
 mer is much broader and more movable than the 
 latter. They are separated by a transverse cleft; 
 and their edges are thick, and furnished with the 
 cilia or eyelashes. Supported by the tarsal car- 
 tilages, they unite at the extremities of the trans- 
 verse diameter of the orbit, forming two angles, 
 the innermost being called the greater angle of 
 the eye, or inner or greater eanthus ; the other, 
 the lesser or external angle or eanthus. They are 
 formed, 1. Of a thin dermoid texture : 2. Of a 
 muscular membrane, — a portion of the orbicu- 
 
 laris: 3. Of a particular fibrous membrane : I. Of 
 the tarsi : 5. Of a mucous membrane, — apart of 
 the tunica conjunctiva. 
 
 Their vessels and nerves are called PalpebraL 
 
 Palpebra Inferior Extkorsum Flexa, Ec- 
 tropion — p. Tertia, Valvula semilunaris. 
 
 PALPEBRA SUPERIORIS PRIMUS, Le- 
 vator palpebraj superioris. 
 
 PAL'PEBRAL, Paljyehra'lis, from 2^alpebra, 
 ' the eyelid.' That which belongs or relates to 
 the eyelid. 
 
 Palpebral Arteries are those distributed to 
 the eyelids. They are two in number ; an vpiper 
 and a lower. The former arises from the oph- 
 thalmic,- a little beyond the cartilaginous pulley 
 of the greater oblique muscle, and descends to- 
 wards the upper eyelid, over which it is distri- 
 buted. The lc(tter arises at the side of, and a 
 little behind, the preceding, and sends its rami- 
 fications to the lower ej'elid and the neighbouring 
 parts. The palpebral veins have a similar ar- 
 rangement; except that some of them open into 
 the temporal and labial veins. 
 
 Palpebral Flux, Puriform. A puriform 
 discharge, furnished by the glands of Meibomi- 
 us, when inflamed ; and to which Scarpa attri- 
 butes fistula lachrj'malis, in many cases. 
 
 Palpebral Ligaments are distinguished into 
 superior and inferior. Some anatomists, with 
 y/inslow, have described, under this name, the 
 fibrous layer wnich is attached, — on the one 
 hand, to the outer part of the circumference of 
 the orbit; on the other, to the tarsal cartilages. 
 
 Palpebral Nerves, Nerves of the eyelids, 
 arise, particularly, from the frontal and lachry- 
 mal branches; from the ophthalmic nerve of 
 Willis; and from the facial, nasal, and infra- 
 orbitar branch of the superior maxillary nerve. 
 
 PALPEBRALIS, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
 
 PALPEBRARUM APERIENS RECTUS, Le- 
 vator palpebras superioris — j). Duo musculi, Or- 
 biculares palpebrarum. 
 
 PALPEBRATIO, Nictation. 
 
 PALPITATIO, Palpitation — p. Arteriarum, 
 see Palpitation — p. Cordis trepidans, Cardio- 
 tromus. 
 
 Palpitatio Membro'eum. a term used by 
 Gaubius for involuntary shaking of the legs. 
 
 PALPITA'TION, Palpita'tio, Palmus, P. Cor. 
 dis, Palp)ita'tio seu Pulsa'tio Cordis, Tremor Cor- 
 dis, Vibra'tio Cardi'aca seu Cordis, Curdiog'mus, 
 Cnrdiopal'mus, Suhsul'tio, Clonus Palpita'tio, 
 (F.) Palpitation, P. du Coeur. A name given to 
 the pulsations of the heart, when they become 
 stronger, more extensive, or more sensible to the 
 individual, than ordinarily. Palpitations occur 
 in a number of afTections. They are, sometimes, 
 owing to organic diseases of the heart, hypertro- 
 phy, inflammation, &c. ; at others, to a disease 
 in some other viscus ; whilst, frequently, they 
 are merely nervous. 
 
 Palpitation is sometimes felt in the arteries, 
 constituting Palpitatio Arterio'sa. 
 
 PALPITATION BU CCEUR, Palpitation. 
 
 PALSIED, Paralytic. 
 
 PALSY, Paralysis— p. Bell's, Paralysis, Bell's. 
 
 Palsy, Lead, Paral'ysis satiirni'na, P. metal'~ 
 liea, (F.) Paralysie saturnine, Metal'lie Palsy, 
 Painters' Palsy. The paralysis of the upper ex- 
 tremities especially, induced by the poison of 
 lead. 
 
 Palsy, Metallic, see Palsy, lead — p. Paint- 
 ers', P. lead — p. Shaking, Paralysis agitana— 
 p. Trembling, Paralysis agitnns. 
 
 PALTA, Persea gatissiraa. 
 
 PALUDAL, Elodes. 
 
 PALUDAPIUM, Apium graveolenj. 
 
 PALUDOSUS, Elodes. 
 
PALUS 
 
 636 
 
 PANDEMT 
 
 PALUS, Marsh, Penis — p. Sanctus, Guaiacum. 
 
 PAMBIOMA, Panbioma. 
 
 PAMOISON, Syncope. 
 
 PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS, Corpus pampini- 
 forme. 
 
 PAMPIISriFORME CORPUS, see Corpus pam- 
 piniforme. 
 
 PAMPLE'GIA, Panplegia, from ^ay, 'all,' 
 and nXiiyu), ' I strike.' General paralysis. Palsy 
 of the whole body. 
 
 PANACE'A, CatlioV icon, OatlioV iciim, from irav, 
 * aiy and oKsojiai, 'I cure.' Universa'le reme'- 
 dium, Panchres'tos. A pretended universal re- 
 medy. There is no such thing in existence. 
 
 Panacea Ducis HolsatijE, Potass^ sulphas 
 — p. Duplieata, Potassse sulphas — p. Lapsorum, 
 Arnica montana — p. Mercurialis, Hydrargyri 
 submurias — p. Mercurii rubri, Hydrargyri ni- 
 trico-oxidum — p. Pectoris, Glechoma bederacca 
 — p. Vegetabilis, Crocus. 
 
 PANA'DA, diminutive of Ital. pane, 'bread,' 
 (lia.t. panis,) Pana'ta, Panatel'la. Bread, boiled 
 in water to the consistence of pap. Sometimes 
 administered to the sick. 
 
 Simple Bread Panada may be made by put- 
 ting any quantity of grated stale bread into 
 enough tcater to form a moderately thick pulp ; 
 covering it up, and leaving it to soak for an 
 llBur ; then beating it up with two tablespoonfuls 
 o{ milk, and a small portion oi refined sugar, and 
 boiling the whole for ten minutes, stirring all the 
 time. 
 
 PANARIS, Paronychia. 
 
 PANARITIUM, Paronychia. 
 
 PANARIUM, Paronychia. 
 
 PANATA, Panada. 
 
 PANATELLA, Panada. 
 
 PANAX COSTINUM, Pastinaca opoponax — 
 p. Ileracleum, Pastinaca opoponax — p. Pastina- 
 cea, Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 Panax QuiNQUEFo'Liair, Anrelia'na Cana- 
 den'sis, Ara'h'a Canaden'sis, Ginseng, Winsing, 
 Gensang, Redherry, Five-fingers. Family, Ara- 
 liaceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monoeeia. This 
 plant grows in Tartary and North America. The 
 root is about the thickness of the little finger; au 
 inch or two in length, often dividing into two 
 branches,- of a whitish-yellow colour; wrinkled 
 on the surface, and of a compact, almost horny, 
 texture. It has no smell, but a very sweet taste, 
 combined with a slight degree of aromatic bitter- 
 ness. It is much esteemed by the Chinese, who 
 pay a high price for it. It is a gentle and agree- 
 able stimulant. 
 
 PANBIO'MA, Pamhio'ma, from irav, ' all,' and 
 ^10?, 'life.' The original animating principle. 
 The general principle of life. 
 
 PANCHRESTOS, Panacea. 
 
 PANCHYjVIAGO'GUM, Panfago'gon, from ^rav, 
 'all,' x^nog, 'juice,' and ayw, 'I drive away.' A 
 medicine which the ancients believed capable of 
 purging away all sorts of humours. 
 
 Panchymagogum Minerale, Hydrargyri sub- 
 murias. 
 
 PANC(EN0SUS, Pandemic. 
 
 PANCCENUS (MORBUS), Pandemic. 
 
 PANCRATIUM, Pancreas. 
 
 PAN'CREAS, from izav, 'all,' and /fpcaj, 'flesh;' 
 i. e. 'quite fleshy.' Callic'reas, Pancra'frum, 
 Pan'o.reum, Lactes, Ptdvi'nar ventri'cuU, Totnm 
 eamo'siim, Gland'ula saliva'lis abdom'in-is, Pan- 
 cre'ne. A gland, deeply seated in the abdomen, 
 and lying transversely on the vertebral column, 
 hotwoon the three curvatures of the duodenum, 
 behind the stomach, and to the right of the spleen. 
 Its left extren.iU-^ is called the tail of the pan- 
 lireas : it is smaller than the right, which is called 
 the head. At its right portion, it has, almost 
 
 always, a greater or less prolongation ; called, by 
 Winslow, and some others, the lesser j^ancreas, 
 (F.) Petit pancreas, Pancreas of Aselli, Pancreas 
 minus. The pancreas resembles the salivary 
 glands in structure, and has been called the Ab- 
 dominal Salivary Gland. It is composed of lobes 
 and granulated lobules, distinct, and united by 
 areolar tissue. From each of the granulations 
 of these lobes arise the radicles of its excretory 
 duct, which are very delicate, and united like 
 veins. The duct itself. Ductus Pancreat'icus, 
 Canal or Duct of Wirsung or Wirsungs, (F.) 
 Canal pancreatique, proceeds in a serpentine 
 course through the substance of the organ; and 
 when it has reached behind the second portion 
 of the duodenum, it becomes free, and is of the 
 size of a crow's quill. It opens at an acute angle 
 into the choledoch duct, or proceeds close to it, 
 opening separately into the duodenum. The 
 Pancreatic arteries are very numerous and small. 
 They proceed from the coeliac, splenic, superior 
 mesenteric, right gastro-epiploic, coronaria ven- 
 triculi, and left capsular. Its veins open into 
 the radicles of the vena porta; and, particularly, 
 into the splenic and lesser mesenteric. Its nerves 
 emanate from the solar plexus, and its l}'mpha- 
 tics pass into ganglions, to which it gives its 
 name. The pancreas secretes the Pancreatic 
 juice, Snccus seu Liquor Pancreat'icns, Lyrnpilia 
 Pancrea'tis, which resembles the saliva. 
 
 Pancreas of Aselli, see Pancreas — p. Mi- 
 nus, see Pancreas — p. Petit, see Pancreas — p. 
 Second, Erunner's glands. 
 
 PANCREATAL'GIA, from -nayKpEag, 'the pan- 
 creas,' and aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain or disease of the 
 pancreas. 
 
 PANCREATEMPHRAX'IS, from -KayKptag, 
 ' the pancreas,' and epKppaacix), ' I obstruct.' Ob- 
 struction of the pancreas. 
 
 PANCPi,EAT'IC, Panereat'icus. Same etymon 
 as Pancreas. Relating to or aflfecting the pan- 
 creas. 
 
 Pancreatic Arteries, see Pancreas — p. Duet, 
 see Pancreas — p. Juice, see Pancreas — p. Nerves, 
 see Pancreas — p. Veins, see Pancreas. 
 
 Pancreat'ic Sarco'ma op Ab'ernethy, Em- 
 pliy'ma sarco'ma pancreat'icum. A tumour, in 
 irregular masses, connected by loose fibrous sub- 
 stance, like the irregular masses of the pancreas. 
 Found in the areolar substance; but, more usu- 
 ally, in lymphatic glands, chiefly in the female 
 breast. 
 
 PANCREATI'TIS, Inflamma'tio pancrea'tis, 
 (F.) Inflammation dii Pancreas. Inflammation 
 of the pancreas ; — an afi"ection, tho phenomena 
 of which are not well known. 
 
 PAN'CREATOID, from TrayKpea;, 'the pan- 
 creas,' and uSos, 'appearance.' PancreatoVdes. 
 A tumour resembling the pancreas in structure. 
 
 PANCREATON'CUS, from TrayKptag, 'the pan- 
 creas,' and oyKos, 'a swelling.' Tumour of the 
 pancreas. 
 
 PANCRENE, Pancreas. 
 
 PANGREUM, Pancreas. 
 
 PANDA'LEA, Panda'levm. A kind of lozenge 
 used by the Arabian physicians. 
 
 PANDALEUM, Pandalea. 
 
 PANDALITIUM, Paronychia. 
 
 PANDEMIA, Pandemic. 
 
 PANDEM'IC, Pan'dcmy, Pande'mia, MorhuB 
 Pande'mius seu Pande'mus seu Pancoc'niis, Pan- 
 coeno'sus, (¥.) Pandemic; from irav, 'all,' and 
 ir)n<)i, 'peojile.' An epidemic which attacks the 
 whole population. 
 
 PANDEMIE, Pandemic. 
 
 PANDEMY, Pandemic. 
 
PANDICULATION 
 
 637 
 
 PAPAVER 
 
 PAjS^DICULA'TION, Pandicula'tio, Scordine'- 
 ma. Scordinis'inus, Clonus Pandicula'tio, from 
 pandere, 'to stretch out.' Stretching, Hal' ices, 
 (pi.) An action, which consists in elevating the 
 upper limbs, and throwing the head and trunk 
 backwards, at the same time that the lower limbs 
 are extended. This series of motions of the ex- 
 tensor muscles is in some measure independent 
 of the will, and is accompanied with yawning, 
 which is equally involuntary. In the state of 
 health, stretching occurs before and after sleep ; 
 especially when we are fatigued. It is also ob- 
 served at the onset of certain paroxysms of fever, 
 hysteria, &c. 
 
 PANDOCE'UM, PnndocM'um., Pandoc'ium, 
 from irav, ' all," and Six^aQat, ' to receive.' An inn 
 that receives all classes. A general hospital, or 
 one that admits all cases. 
 
 PANDOCHIUM, Pandoceum. 
 
 PANDOCIUM, Pandoceum. 
 
 PANHIDRO'SIS, from -av, 'all,' and 'iSpmuig, 
 'sweating.' Sudor universa'lis. Sweating over 
 the whole bodv. 
 
 PANHYPEREMIA, Plethora. 
 
 PANICAUT, Eryngium campestre — p. Mari- 
 time, Eryngium maritimum. 
 
 PANIC GRASS. ITALIAN, Panicum Italicum. 
 
 PAN'ICUM ITAL'ICUM,/f«Z')au Panic Grass, 
 Indian Millet, Guinea Corn, Barhadoes Millet, 
 Mtl'ium Jn'dicum, Sore/hum, Holcns Sorghum, (F.) 
 Millet des oiseaux. Nat. Ord. Gramineee. The 
 seed — Mil'ii Sem'ina — ai'e much esteemed in 
 Italy, being a constant ingredient in soups, and 
 made into a variety of forms for the table. 
 
 Paxicum Milia'ceum, P.mil'ium, Common Mil- 
 let, Milium, 31. Pan'iciim seu Esculentum, Cen- 
 chron, Cenehrus, (F.) Millot ordinaire. Millet- 
 seed are esteemed a nutritious article of diet, and 
 are often made into puddings. 
 
 Paxicum MiLiuir, P. miliaceum. 
 
 PANIS CANICACEUS, see Canicaj— p. Ciba- 
 rius seu seeundarius, Syncomistos — p. Cuculi, 
 Oxalis a.eetosella — p. Porcinus, Cyclamen. 
 
 PANIVOROUS, Paniv'orus, from panis, 
 'bread,' and voro, 'I devour.' Subsisting on 
 bread. 
 
 PANNI, Swathing clothes. 
 
 PANNIGULE CHARNU, Panniculus car- 
 nosus. 
 
 PANNICULUS, diminutive of panniis, cloth. 
 A piece of fine cloth. Pterygion. 
 
 Paxniculus Adiposus, Cellular membrane. 
 
 Paxnicull'S Caeno'stjs, Tu'nica camosa, 3Ius- 
 cidar Well, Mantle, (F.) Pannicule charmie, is a 
 general covering found in the quadruped, and 
 formed by a thin, subcutaneous muscle, which 
 serves to move the skin. It exists only in cer- 
 tain parts of the human body, — as in the fore- 
 head, where it is formed by the occipito-frontalis; 
 in the neck, by the platysma myoides ; and, in 
 the scrotum, by the cremaster muscle. 
 
 Pansiculus Cordis, Pericardium — p. Hyme- 
 nteus, Hymen — p. Virginalis, Hymen. 
 
 PANNUS. A piece of cloth. This word has 
 several other meanings, many of which are equi- 
 vocal. It means a tent for a wound, and, also, 
 an irregular nsevus or mark on the skin. — Cas- 
 telli. Modern ophthalmologists apply it to an 
 opake and vascular condition of the anterior 
 membrane of the cornea, almost invariably pro- 
 duced by the continuance of purulent or strumous 
 ophthalmia, or by chronic inflammation of the 
 cornea. This part becomes nebulous, covered 
 with red vessels, and opake. At times, the scle- 
 rotic conjunctiva undergoes a similar change to 
 that which occurs in the corneal portion. 
 
 Pannus Hepaticus, Chloasma — p. Lenticula- 
 rls, Ephelides. 
 
 PANOCHIA, Bubo. 
 
 PANOPHO'BIA, Pantopho'bia, PanpTio'Ha, 
 Pavopho'hia, Athym'ia, Pavor, (F.) Frayeur noc- 
 turne, Souci, from Ilav, 'the god Pan,' and (pajSoSt 
 'fear.' A panic or fear inspired by the god Pan, 
 according to the opinion of the ancients. Somo 
 derive it from ttov, ' all,' and ipojios, ' fear.' This 
 is sometimes morbid, and is a symptom of me- 
 lancholy. 
 
 PANOPHTHALMI'TIS, from Tray, ' all,' and 
 opihthalmitis, 'inflammation of the eye.' Inflam- 
 mation of the whole eye. 
 
 PANPHOBIA, Panophobia. 
 
 PANPLEGIA, Pamplegia. 
 
 PANSCLERO'SIS, from irav, 'all,' and okXt,- 
 pwaig, ' hardness.' Complete induration of a part. 
 
 PANSEMENT, Dressing. 
 
 PANSIES, Viola tricolor. 
 
 PANSPER'MIA, from TOV, 'all,' and (rrtpfia, 
 'sperm.' The theory of Dissemination of Germs, 
 according to which, ova or germs are disseminated 
 over all space, undergoing development under 
 favourable circumstances. 
 
 PANTA60G0N, Panchymagogum. 
 
 PANTANENCEPHA'LIA, from Tav, Tzavrog, 
 'all,' and anencepha'lia, absence of brain. En- 
 tire absence of brain — the same as anencephalia. 
 — G. St Hilaire. 
 
 PANTATROPHIA, from nav, 'all,' and arpo. 
 (pia, ' atrophj'.' Universal atrophy. 
 
 PANTHOD'IC, Panthod' icus, from raf, -rravTog, 
 'all,' and 'oSos, 'away.' An epithet applied by 
 Dr. Marshall Hall, to a course of nervous action 
 proceeding from one point in all directions to 
 every other. 
 
 PANTICES, Intestine. 
 
 PANTING, Anhelatio. 
 
 PANTOGANGLIITIS, Cholera. 
 
 PANTOPHAGISTS, see Omnivorous. 
 
 PANTOPHAGUS, Omnivorous. 
 
 PANTOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia, Panophobia^ 
 
 PANTOZOOTIA, Panzootia. 
 
 PANUS, Phygethlon — p. Faucium, Stomato- 
 panus — p. Inguinalis, Bubo. 
 
 PANZOOT'IA, Pantozootia; from irav, 'all,' 
 and ^wov, 'animal.' An endemic or epidemic 
 disease alfecting animals generally. 
 
 PAP, Nipple. Also, a soft food made of bread 
 boiled or softened with water. 
 
 Pap, of the Thhoat, Uvula. 
 
 PAPAS AMERICANUS, Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 PAPA'VER, P. somnif'erum, Mecon. The 
 ^]^lite Poppy, Papaver sati'vum, (F.) Pavot des 
 Jardins. Family Papaveracea3. Sex. Syst. Po- 
 lyandria Monogynia. The Capsule of the 
 White Poppy, Go'dia, KoiSia or Kn^ieia, Sea'pihion, 
 Papav'eris Caput vel Cap'sula, Mecon, Poppy- 
 head, is used in fomentation as an anodyne and 
 relaxant, to inflamed or ulcerated parts. The 
 expressed oil of the seeds is called by the French 
 Huile d'CEillette. It is from the poppy that Opiust 
 — called, also. Opium Theha'icum, Meco'nium, 
 Opion, 3fanus Dei, Affion, AmpMam, AJium, Oso- 
 ron, Lau'danum, Mecon, Sopio — is procured. It is 
 the milky juice obtained after the flowering of 
 the plant, by making longitudinal incisions in the 
 capsules and stalks. It is commonly obtained from 
 the Levant or India, where the poppy grows abun- 
 dantly. Opium is a compound of morphia, nar- 
 cotina, meconic acid, codeia, narcein, meconin, 
 caoutchouc, fecula, resin, oil, and several other 
 substances. Turkey Opium is of a heavy and 
 slightly fetid odour. Its taste is nauseous, hitter, 
 acrid, and warm: it is in flat pieces; solid and 
 tenacious; of a dark brown colour, and yellowish 
 when powdered ; making a light brown, ini'er, 
 rupted streak on paper. In East India Opiums 
 
PAPAVEEACEUM 
 
 638 
 
 PAR 
 
 the otlonr is tbe same, and empyreumatic ; the 
 taste is less bitter, but more nauseous, and the 
 colour darker. The varieties of opium known in 
 commerce are the Smyrna, the Constantinoj^le, the 
 Egyptian, the Persian, and the Indian. Opium 
 is stimulant in small doses ; sedative, in large ; 
 narcotic and anodyne; operating through the 
 nervous system. It is a most valuable remedy 
 in all painful affections, and inflammations, when 
 given so as to produce its full, sedative effects, 
 especially in peritonitis. In diarrhcea and dy- 
 sentery, it acts as an astringent ; in intermittents, 
 it will often prevent the paroxysm. In typhus, 
 in small doses, it acts as a cordial ; in larger, it 
 allays irritation and produces sleep. When ap- 
 plied externally, its narcotic effects are developed: 
 and, hence, it is a useful application to irritable 
 sores, painful tumours, &c. Dose, gr. J to J as a 
 stimulant ; gr. j to iv as a sedative. 
 
 Papaver Gere ale, P. rhosas — p. Cornieula- 
 tum, Chelidonium majus — p. Erraticum, P. rhoeas 
 — p. Luteum, Chelidonium majus. 
 
 Papaver JSTtGRDM. This is merely a variety 
 of the white poppy, producing black seeds. 
 
 Papaver Rhceas. The systematic and phar- 
 macopoeia! name of the Red corn-poppy, Corn 
 rose, Papaver errat'icum, P. cerea'le, P. rubncm, 
 Rhceas, (P.) Coqnelicot. The heads of this spe- 
 cies, also, contain a milky juice of a narcotic 
 quality. A syrup of its flowers has been directed, 
 which has been esteemed diaphoretic and slightly 
 soothing; but is more admired for its colour than 
 for any other property. 
 
 PAPAVERACEUM, Opiate. 
 
 PAPAVERCULUM, Meconium. 
 
 PAPAVERINUM, Codeine. 
 
 PAPAW TREE, Carica papaya. 
 
 PAPAYEE, Carica papaya. 
 
 PAPER, BLISTERING, see Sparadrapum 
 vesieatoriuni. 
 
 PAPIER EPISPASTIQUE, see Sparadra- 
 pum vesicatorium. 
 
 PAPIL'LA, P. BlammtE, Thele, U'beris apex : 
 
 — diminutive, perhaps, from papa, one of the 
 earliest cries of the infant, ascribed to a craving 
 for food. The end of the breast, the nipple. An 
 eminence similar to a nipple. A name given to 
 small eminences more or less prominent, at the 
 surface of several parts, particularly of the skin 
 and mucous membranes, in which latter situation 
 they are also called villi. See Villous. They 
 appear formed by the ultimate expansion of the 
 vessels and nerves, and are susceptible, ia some 
 cases, of a kind of erection. They are also called 
 PapiUcB nervo'sm sen Ner'veas, P. Pyramida'les, 
 Nervous papillcB, (F.) Papilles ou Papilles ner- 
 veuses, Houppes nerveuses. 
 
 Papilla Lachrymalis, see Lachrymal puncta 
 — J. Mamm», Papilla. 
 
 Papill.e Calyciformes, see Papillae of the 
 todgue — p. CnpitatD3, see Papillte of the tongue 
 
 - -p. Circumvallatre, see Papillfe of the tongue — 
 p. Conical, sec Papillae of the tongue — p. Conoi- 
 dal, see Papillre of the tongue — p., Corpuscles, 
 Pacinian — p. Filiform, see Papillaa of the tongue 
 
 — p. Fungiform, see Papillas of the tongue — p. 
 Fungoid, see Papillre of the tongue. 
 
 Papilla; of tite Kidney, (F.) Mamelons du 
 rein, are the projections into the pelvis of the 
 kidney of the apices of the cones — Pyramids of 
 Malpiglii, Pyrnm'idea Malp>iqhia'na — of the tu- 
 bular substance of the organ. They are also 
 called Proces'sits mamilla.'res, Carun'cidas papil- 
 la'res, and Papill'm rennm. 
 
 Papillae, Lenticular, see Papilla} of the 
 •cngue — p. Maximre, see Papilla} of the tongue 
 
 — i;. Mcdi^t-, see Papillce of the tongue — p. Min- 
 
 imse, see Papillse of the tongue — p. Mucosae, see 
 Papilla} of the tongue — p. ISTervea?, Corpuscles, 
 Pacinian, see Papilla} — p. Nervous, see Papilla — 
 p. Pyramidal, see Papillee of the tongue — p. 
 Pyramidales, see Papilla — p. Renum, see Papil- 
 lae of the kidney — p. Semilenticulares, see Papillae 
 of the tongue. 
 
 Papilla of the Tongue are very numerous 
 and marked. They are observed, particularly, at 
 the upper sui-fiice of the organ, and are distin- 
 guished into — 1. The Lentic'ular papillcB, Papilla 
 muco'sce, P. mao:'imcB, P. capita'tm, P. valla'tcB, 
 P. cirmmvalla'tcB, P. trunca'tm, P. calycifor'mes. 
 They are arranged at the base of the tongue in 
 two oblique lines having the shape of the letter 
 V; and united angularly at the foramen cascum. 
 They have, in general, an ovoid or spherical 
 shape, and have seemed to be mucous follicles 
 similar to those of the palate, lips, <fcc. 2. The 
 Fun'giform or Fungoid papillce, PapiillcB mc'dia, 
 P. Semilenticula' res, are of indeterminate number, 
 but always more numerous than the preceding. 
 They are irregularly disseminated near the edges 
 and the point of the tongue ; have a rou.nded and 
 flattened head, supported by a short and narrow 
 footstalk. Their tint is whitish. Of their real 
 nature we are ignorant. 3. The Con'ical, Co- 
 noid'al or Pyram'idal 'papillm, P. min'imtB, P. 
 villo'scB, are the most numerous of all. Their 
 arrangement is more regular in the forepart of 
 the tongue than behind. They resemble small 
 cones ; the base being towards the tongue and 
 the apex free. The anterior are very small, and 
 have been called Fil'iform papil'lce. They ap- 
 pear to be produced by the terminations of the 
 filaments ef the lingual nerve, and are surround- 
 ed by an evident vascular network. 
 
 Papilla Truncat^e, see Papillse of the tongue 
 — p. Vallate, see Papillae of the tongue — p. Vil- 
 losEC, see Papillee of the tongue. 
 
 PAP 'ILL ART, Papilla' ris, Pap'illous, from 
 papilla. Of or belonging to the nipple or to the 
 papillfB. 
 
 Papillary Body, Corpus papillare. 
 
 PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FOEMIS, Mas, 
 toid. 
 
 PAPILLOUS. Papillary. 
 
 PAPOOSE ROOT, Caulophyllum thalictroides. 
 
 PAPPEA CAPEN'SIS. A small tree of the 
 Nat. Ord. Sapindaeese, common in Cafferland, 
 the fruit of which is called Wild Plums. It 
 furnishes a vinous beverage, and excellent vine- 
 gar. Its kernel contains an oil, which, although 
 eatable, is somewhat cathartic, and is recom- 
 mended as an external application in tinea 
 capitis, alopecia, Ac. 
 
 PAPPUS AMERICANUS, Solanum tubero- 
 sum. 
 
 PAP'ULA. A pimple, Exor'mia, (F.) Ronton, 
 Bourgeon. A small, acuminated elevation of the 
 cuticle, with an inflamed base ; very seldom con- 
 taining a fluid, or suppurating, and commonly 
 terminating in scurf or desquamation. 
 
 Papula form the first order of Willan and 
 Bateman's arrangement of cutaneous diseases. 
 
 Papula Agria, Lichen agrius — p. Fera, Her- 
 pes exedens — p. Miliaris, Miliary fever. 
 
 Papula, Lichen — p. Sicca;, Lichen — p. Sudo- 
 ris, Miliary fever — p. Sudorales, Sudamina. 
 
 PAP'ULOSE, Papnlo'sus, Pap'nlous, Papula'- 
 tns. Pimpled, from ^ja^j»/(T. Of or belonging to, 
 resembling, or covered with, papulre or pimnles. 
 
 PAQUERETTE VIVACE, Bellis. 
 
 PAR NERVO'RUM, Syz'ygi iiervo'r,u,i. A 
 pair of nerves. 
 
 Par Opticum Nervoruw, Optic nerve — p. Pri- 
 mum nervorum cerebri, Olfactory nerves — f), 
 Quintum nervorum cerebralium, Trigemini — p. 
 
PARA 
 
 639 
 
 PARALYSIS 
 
 Secundum nervorum, Optic nerve — p. Septimum 
 sive faciale, Facial nerve — p. Trigeminum, Tri- 
 gemini — p. Trium funiculorum, Trigemini — p. 
 Vagus, Pneumogastric — p. Visorius, Optic nerve. 
 PARA, Trapa, a common prefix, 'by, near, con- 
 trary to, through,' {per;) 'abf^ve and beyond,' 
 {ultra:) 'besides,' {pt-csier.) In certain terms, as 
 in Paracusis, Pnrapsis, Parabysma, &o., used 
 by Dr. Good, para means a defective or morbid 
 condition. 
 
 PARABAL'ANUS, from napa^aWnv, {-rcafa, and 
 
 ^aXXuv, 'to cast,') 'to expose one-self.' A name 
 
 given, by the ancients, to a person who devoted 
 
 himself to the service of the sick in hospitals; 
 
 and particularly during epidemics and the plague. 
 
 PARABYS'MA, from irapa, and jSutiv, 'to stuff.' 
 
 Infarction or engorgement of an organ — as Para- 
 
 hysma Lie'nis, Engorgement of the spleen. 
 
 Parabysma MESENTERicniijTabes mesenteriea. 
 
 PARABYS'TIA, same etymon. Engorgement 
 
 or inftirction of an organ with blood. 
 
 PARACELSIS'TA, Paracel'sist, Paraeel'sian ; 
 from Paracelsus. A follower of Paracelsus. 
 
 PARACELSISTICA MEDICINA, see Spagy- 
 rists. 
 
 PARACENTE'RIUM. Same etymon as the 
 rest. Woolhouse has given this appellation to a 
 small trocar, employed by Nuck for punctming 
 the eye in cases of dropsy of that organ. 
 
 PARACENTE'SIS, Perfora'tio, Punc'tio, 
 Ptinctu'ra, Cenemhate'sis, Cente'sis, Compuno'tio: 
 from TTa^'UKivreio, {irapa, and kcvtcii), 'I pierce,') 'I 
 pierce through.' Puncture. The operation of 
 tapping to evacuate the collected fluid in ascites, 
 ovarial dropsy, &o. 
 
 Paracentesis, Puncturing — p. Thoracis, Tho- 
 racocentesis. 
 'PARACENTETERION, Trocar, 
 PARACENTICIOIi, Trocar. 
 PARACHRCE'A, from irapa, and xP""i ' colour.' 
 Morbid change of colour of the surface, especially 
 of the face. 
 
 PARACHROMA, Achromatopsia. 
 PARACHROSIS, Decoloration. 
 PARACINE'SES, (G.) P ar akinesien, from 
 Trapa, 'defective,' and Kivrjais, 'motion.' Diseases 
 of the motor nerves j morbid movements of vo- 
 luntary muscles. 
 
 PARACMASIS, Decline. 
 
 PARACMAS'TIC, Paracmas'tieua, from ira- 
 paKfja^o), 'I decrease.' Decreasing. An epithet 
 for a distemper, which gradually decreases. Also, 
 according to Galen, the period of life when a 
 person is said to grow old, which he places at 
 from 35 to 49, after which he is said to be old — 
 a definition that would not suit us at the present 
 day. — Gorrseus, and Castelli. 
 
 PARACMASTICOS, see Aemastieos. 
 PARACME, Decline. 
 PARACOE, see Cophosis, Paracusis. 
 PAPi,AC'OPE, Paraph'ora, Paracrn'sh, from 
 zapaKOTTToi, ' I strike falsely.' Delirium. In Hip- 
 pocrates, it means the slight delirium which some- 
 times occurs in febrile diseases. 
 PARACOUSIA, see Cophosia. 
 PARAC'RISES, (G.) Parakrisien: from 
 irapa, 'defective, morbid,' and Kpictg, 'secretion.' 
 Diseases of the secretory function. — Fuchs. 
 PARACRUSIS, Paracope. 
 PARACUSIS, Cophosis. Also, perverted au- 
 dition. 
 
 Paracu'sis Acris, Andi'tus a' crior, Paracu' eis 
 arycofa, from napa, 'defective,' and oKovais, 'the 
 act of hearing.' The hearing painfully acute, 
 and intolerant of the lowest sounds ; a symptom 
 In otalgia, epilepsy, cephalitis, and febrile affec- 
 tions. 
 
 Paracusis Duplicata, Double tearing — p. 
 Imaginaria, Tinnitus aurium — p. Imperfecta, 
 Double hearing, P. perversa — p. Obtuga, Barye- 
 coia — p. Oxycoia, P. acris. 
 
 Paracusis Perver'sa, P. WiUisia'na, P. hn~ 
 perfec'tn, Perverse hearing. The ear only sensi- 
 ble to articulate sounds, when excited by other 
 and louder sounds intermixed with them.— Good. 
 
 Paracusis Surditas, see Cophosis — p. Willisi- 
 ana, Paracusis perversa. 
 
 PARACYCLE'SES, (G.) P ar aky kl es en , 
 from irapa, 'defective, morbid,' and KvxXriats, 'cir- 
 culation.' Diseases of the blood as regards its 
 distribution and motion. — Fuchs. • 
 
 PARACYESIS, Pregnancy, morbid. Pregnan- 
 cy, preternatural — p. Abortus, Abortion — p. Tu- 
 baria, Salpingo-cyesis^ 
 
 PARACYNAN'CHE, {para and cynancJie.) 
 Inflammation of the external muscles of the la- 
 rynx. According to others, a slight cynanche. 
 
 PARESTHESIA, Paresthesis— p. Olfaetoria, 
 Parosmia. 
 
 PARESTHESIS, Paresihesis — p. AuditQs 
 flacca, Proptoma auricularum. 
 
 PARETHENAR, Parathenar. 
 
 PARAGEUSIS, Ageustia. Also, perversion 
 of taste, Parageu'sia, Parageust'ia, AUotriogeiis'- 
 tia, Gnstua deprava'tus. 
 
 PARAGEUSTIA, Parageusis. 
 
 PARAGLOSSA, Paraglos'se, from vapa, and 
 yXtaaaa, 'the tongue;' Swelling of the tongue; 
 Dyspha'gia Linguo'sa, Glassomegis'tiis, Macro- 
 glos'sa, Prolap'sus lingua. Sauvages, under the 
 term Paraglossa deglutito'rta, means a pretended 
 doubling of the tongue into the pharynx, (F.) 
 Kenverseinent de la langue. See Glossocele. 
 
 PARAGOGE, Abduction, Coaptation. 
 
 PARAGOMPHO'SIS, Paragomphosis cap'itis, 
 fi»m Txapa, 'by,' 'near,' and yoi^cpiiicns, 'a nailing. 
 Incomplete wedging of the head of the child in 
 the pelvis during labour. 
 
 PAP AKINESIEN, Paracineses. 
 
 PARAKRISIEN, Paracrises. 
 
 PARAKYKLESEN, Paracycleses. 
 
 PARALALIA, Mogilalia — p. Kasalis, RHn«- 
 phonia. 
 
 PARALAMP'SIS, TTapaXaixT^aig, from TtapoKaji 
 TTu, {vapa and XanTio, 'I shine,') 'I shine at thu 
 side of;' 3Iao'ida eornem margariia'cea, Perla. 
 A cicatrix on the transparent part of the eye. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 PARARELEMA, Delirium. 
 
 PARALLAGB, Insanity. 
 
 PARALLAGMA, Glievauehement. 
 
 PARALLAXIS, Chevavchement, Insanity. 
 
 PARALLE'LA. A kind of scurfy, cutaneona 
 eruption, affecting the palms of the hands, in 
 parallel lines, and symptomatic of the venereal 
 disease. — Forestus. 
 
 PARALLELISM OP DISEASES, Isopathia. 
 
 PARALOGIA, Delirium. 
 
 PARALOPH'IA, from irapa, 'near,' and \oipia, 
 'the first vertebra of the back.' The lower and 
 lateral part of the neck, near the vertebras. — KeiL 
 
 PARAL YSE, Paralytic. 
 
 PARAL YSIE, Paralysis— ^3. Saturnine, Palsy, 
 lead. 
 
 PARAL'YSIS, Par'esis, Re-sobi'tio memlro'- 
 riim, R. nervo'rum, Cams paralysis, Catal'ysis, 
 (F.) Paralysie, Resolution des mcmhres ; Palsy, 
 from TtapaKvM, {irapa and Xv(a, 'I loosen,') 'I relax.' 
 Abolition or groat diminution of the voluntaj-y 
 motions, and sometimes of sensation, in one or 
 more parts of the body. 
 
 Palsy is said to be local, when it affects only h 
 few muscles. When it extends to half the body, 
 vertically or horizontally, it is called Eemiple'- 
 
PARALYTIC 
 
 640 
 
 PAEAPSI3 
 
 gia or Paraple'gla. It is commonly symptoma- 
 tic of disease of the brain or of the nerves them- 
 selves, and is a frequent accompaniment, precur- 
 sor, or successor of apoplexy, — PhrenoparaV ysis. 
 The immediate cause is, generally, pressure, 
 either by blood effused, or by serum, or by vas- 
 cular turgescence. At its onset, therefore, blood- 
 letting' may be advisable ; but, afterwards, the 
 disease becomes one of nervous debility, and re- 
 quires stimulants — to the paralyzed parts, or to 
 the mucous membranes, — frictions, sinapisms, 
 blisters, the moxn., baths, electricity, galvanism, 
 purgatives, and the nux vomica, which last has 
 the property»of exciting movements where the 
 will has no longer power. The disease generally 
 admits only of palliation, and is extremely apt to 
 recur. 
 
 Paralysis, Prinnila veris. 
 
 Paral'ysis Ag"itans, p. treni'ula, Syn'elonus 
 halUs'mus, Scelotyr'be festi'nans, Tremor, Tromos, 
 Shakincf Palsy, TremhUiig Palsy. A variety of 
 tremor, in which the muscles are in a perpetual 
 alternation of contraction and relaxation. 
 
 Paralysis, Bell's, Bell's Palsy, Paral'ysis 
 facia'lis, Prosoparal'ysis, Trismus dias'trophe 
 Sauvage'sn, Dias'trophe Gale'ni, Hemiple'cjia fa- 
 cia'lis, Oris tortu'ra paralyt'ica LinncB'i, Ilemi- 
 prosople'gia. The paralysis of the face induced 
 by a lesion of the portio dura, has been called 
 Bell's Palsy, owing to Sir Chai'les Bell having 
 been one of the first to investigate it minutely. 
 
 Paralysis Beribekia, Beriberi — p. Extremi- 
 tatum, Acro-paralysis — p. Facialis, Paralysis, 
 Bell's — p. Hemiplegia, Hemiplegia — p. Intestini 
 recti, Proctoparalysis — p. Intestinorum, Entero- 
 paralysis — p. Linguas, Glossolysis — p. Medulla- 
 ris, Paraplegia — p. Metallica, Palsy, lead — p. 
 Nervi hypoglossi, Glossoplegia — p. Nervi vagi in 
 parte thoracica, Asthma — p. Nervorum thoracis, 
 Ac, Stethoparalysis — p. from Poisons, p. Vene- 
 nata — p. Hachialgia, Colic, metallic — p. Satur- 
 nine, Palsy, lead — p. Scorbutica, Pellagra — p. Spi- 
 nalis, Paraplegia — p. Tremula, Paralysis agitans, 
 
 Paral'ysis Venexa'ta, Paralysis e vene'nis, 
 Paralysis from poisons. Paralysis, the result of 
 poisonous substances — as of lead, merc-ary, arse- 
 nic, ergot, &c. 
 
 Paralysis e Venenis, P. Venenata — p. Ven- 
 triculi, Gastroparalysis. 
 
 PARALYT'IC, Parah/t'icw, Paraly'zed, PaV- 
 eied, (F.) Paralyse. Same etymon as Paralysis. 
 Affected with or causing paralysis. 
 
 Paralytic Stroke, see Stroke, paralytic. 
 
 PARALYZED, Paralytic. 
 
 PAPi/AME'NIA, from napa, 'badly,' and fxnv, 
 * a month;' Menstnia'tio annm'ala, Menses anorii'- 
 alce, Mismenstruation. Difficult menstruation. 
 Disordered menstruation. 
 
 Paramenia Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea — p. 
 Erroris, Menstruation, vicarious — p. Obstructio- 
 nis, see Amenorrhoea — p. Profusa, Menorrhagia 
 — p. Superflua, Menorrhagia. 
 
 PARAME'RIA, irapaiujpia, from Tropn, 'about,' 
 and liipos, 'the thigh.' The internal parts of the 
 thigh. 
 
 PARAMESOS, Annular finger, see Digitus. 
 
 PARAjSTEPI-IRI'TIS, from Trapa, and vcfptrig, 
 'inflammatljn of the kidney.' Inflammation of 
 the renal capsules, Irijlammu' tio renum succentu- 
 7 lato'rnm. 
 
 PARANOIA, Delirium, Dementia. 
 
 PARANYMPH'US, from Trapa, 'near,' and 
 wni'T], 'a young spouse,' 'a bride.' A name 
 given by the ancicnti to him who led the bride 
 to the house of her liusband. Tlie term was 
 adopted into the- ancient schools of medicine, to 
 designate the usual discourse pronounced at the 
 
 end of the prescribed period of study for licen- 
 tiate, in which the qualifications and merits of 
 the candidate were described. 
 
 PARAPATHIA, Pathomania, 
 
 PARAPECHYON, Radius. 
 
 PAllAPHIA,.Parapsis. 
 
 PARAPHIMO'SIS, PeripMmo'sis, Circum. 
 ligatu'ra, Phimo'sis circumlir/a'ta, Penis lipv- 
 derm'us, from Trapa, 'about,' and (pijjou), '1 bridle.' 
 Strangulation of the glans penis, owing to the 
 opening of the prepuce being too narrow. It 
 frequently happens in persons affected with phi- 
 mosis, when the prepuce has been pushed vio- 
 lently behind the base of the glans, during copu- 
 lation, &c. In paraphimosis, the narrow and 
 resisting aperture of the prepuce forms, behind 
 the corona glandis, a kind of ligature, which 
 strangulates the part, causes it to swell and in- 
 flame, and even to become gangrenous. Attempts 
 must be made to bring back the prepuce. These 
 excite considerable pain, yet they must be per- 
 severed in for some time ; and should they not 
 succeed, the rings, formed by the tumefied pre- 
 puce, must be cut transversely, and the antiphlo- 
 gistic treatment be adopted. 
 
 PARAPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 PARAPHO'NIA, from napa, and (jiavrj, 'the 
 voice.' Affection of the voice, when its charac- 
 ter or timbre is less agreeable. 
 
 Paraphonia Clangen's, Oxyphonia — p. Gut- 
 turalis, Asaphia — p. Nasalis, llhinophonia — p. 
 Puberum, Ilirquitalitas — p. Rauca, Raucedo — p. 
 Ulcerosa, Oxyphonia. 
 
 PARAPHORA, Delirium, Paracope. 
 
 PARAPHRENESIS, Paraphrenitis — p. Dia- 
 phragmatica, Diaphragmitis. 
 
 PARAPHRENIE, Insanity. 
 
 PARAPIIRENI'TIS, from vapa, 'near,' and 
 (ppeves, ' the diaphragm ;' Paraphrene'sis. A 
 name given to inflammation of the diaphragm, 
 (see Diaphragmitis,) which was supposed alwaj's 
 to produce delirium : — as well as to the delirium 
 itself accompanying that affection. See Phrenitis. 
 
 PARAPHROSYNE, Delirium. 
 
 PARAPIIROTES, Delirium. 
 
 PARAPLAS'TTC: Paraplast'icns, from jrapa, 
 and Tr'Xaa-TiKos, 'formative.' Possessed of depraved 
 formative powers, — as Carcinoma, Encephaloma, 
 Melanosis, &c. 
 
 PARAPLE'GIA, Paraplex'ia, Racliioparal'y- 
 sis, Rliachiople'gia, Phachioparal'ysis, Ifyelo- 
 paral'ysis, Paral'ysis sj}ina'lis, P. Jledulla'ris, 
 Cams paralysis paraple'gia, from napa, dim. par- 
 ticle, and TrXrjaaui, 'I strike.' Palsy of the lower 
 half of the body, including the bladder and rec- 
 tum. It is, generally, owing to disease of some 
 part of the cerebro-spinal axis; especially of the 
 spinal portion. The ancients sometimes used the 
 term for incomplete apoplexy. Some authors 
 have, also, made a distinction between paraple- 
 gia and paraplexia, — using the former tor partial 
 apoplexy — the latter for general or compilete apo- 
 plexy. 
 
 PARAPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia. 
 
 PARAPLEXIA, Paraplegia. 
 
 PARAP'OPLEXl'', Parapophx'in, from irapa, 
 dim., and airorr'Xi-i^ia, 'apoplexj'.' False apoplexy; 
 a soporous state, resembling apoplex}' ; and espe- 
 cially that Avhich occurs in the paroxysms of per- 
 nicious intcrmittents. 
 
 PARAP'SIS, Paraph' ia, from Trapn, 'defec- 
 tively,' and a-mopai, 'I touch.' Sense of touch 
 or general feeling vitiated or lost. — Good. 
 
 Parapsis Acris Teneritudo, Soreness — p. 
 Expers, Torpor, Anrcsthesia — p. Ulusoria, Paeu- 
 dtcsthesia — p. Pruritus, Itching. 
 
PAKARMA 
 
 641 
 
 PAEESTHESIS 
 
 PARAEMA, Fimbria. 
 
 PARARRHYTHMICUS, Pararrhythmus. 
 
 VARARRIlYTR'MVSyPararrlnjth'wicusSrom 
 irapa, 'dim./ and pv&iioi, 'rhythm.' An epithet 
 for the pulse, when it has not the rhythm proper 
 to the age and constitution of the individual. 
 
 PARARTHRE'MA, Pararthro'ma, Pararthre'- 
 eis, Paravthro'ais, Parec'tasis, Parastrep'sis, from 
 Trapa, and up-S-pov, 'a joint.' Incomplete luxation; 
 subluxation. 
 
 PARACEPAS'TRA, from rrapa, and uKZTri^w, ' I 
 cover.' A cap or bandage, which covers the 
 whole head. — Galen. 
 
 PARASCEUE, Apparatus. 
 
 PARAS'CHIDES, from irapa, and <r>fi^a), 'I 
 cleave.' Fragments or splinters of a broken bone. 
 
 PAR'ASITE, Parasi'tus, from wapa, 'near,' and 
 ciTos, ' corn,' ' food.' Parasites are plants which 
 attach themselves to other plants ; and animals 
 which live in or on the bodies of other animals, — 
 so as to subsist at their expense. The mistletoe 
 is a parasitic plant; — the louse a parasitic ani- 
 mal. The chief parasitic animals are the PecZj'c'- 
 vlus huma'nua 001-2^ oris, P. cap'ltis, P. jiubis, 
 Pulex irri'tans, P. pen'etrans, and the Ac'arus 
 Sca'hiei. 
 
 PARASIT'IC, ParasU'ious, Par'asitoid, Pa- 
 rasitoVdes. Same etj'mon. Having the nature 
 of, or resembling a parasite, as 'parasitic growths,' 
 tubercles, cancer, &c. 
 
 PARASITICIDE, Antiparasitic. 
 
 PARASITISMUS INTBSTINALIS, Helmin- 
 thiasis — p. Superficiei, Malis. 
 
 PARASITOID, Parasitic. 
 
 PARASPA'DIA, from napa, and irrau, 'I 
 draw.' A preternatural opening of the urethra 
 at the side of the penis. One whose urethra 
 opens in this manner is called Paraspadia'iis 
 and Paraspadias. 
 
 PARASPADI^US, see Paraspadia. 
 
 PARAS'PHAGIS, from ira^a, ' near,' and 
 c(payri, 'the throat.' The part of the neck conti- 
 guous to the clavicles. 
 
 PARAS'TATA, Paras'tates, from wapicTrini, 
 {irapa, and lOTrji^i,) 'I stand near.' The prostate. 
 In Hippocrates, it means the epididymis. The 
 epididymes were called by Herophikis and Galen 
 Varico'scB parastatcB to distinguish them from 
 fflandulo'scs parastatcB or pi-ostate. Rufus of 
 Ephesus called the Tubffi Fallopianaj ParastatcB 
 varico'scB. 
 
 Parastata Adenoides, Prostate — p. Glan- 
 dula. Prostate — p. Glandulosa, Prostate. 
 
 PARASTATES, Parastata. 
 
 PARASTATI'TIS, Ejiidkhjmi'tis ; from pa- 
 rastata, ' epididymis,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the epididymis. 
 
 PARASTREM'MA, Paras' tro2)lte, from Trapac- 
 Tpcdid), {rrapa, and crTpc(f><j), ' I turn,') ' I distort or 
 pervert.' Convulsive distortion, especially of the 
 face, the soft parts being drawn laterally. 
 
 PARASTREPSIS, Pararthrema. 
 
 PARASTROPHE, Parastremma. 
 
 PARASYNANCHE, Cynanehe parotidasa. 
 
 PARASYSTOLE, Acinesia. 
 
 PARATH'ENAR, Parcz' thenar, from rrapa, 
 near,' and ^Evap, ' the sole of the foot.' Winslow 
 sailed grand parathenar, parathenar major, a por- 
 iion of the abductor of the little toe, musculus acan- 
 dula'tiiis; axiA petit parathenar, jiarathenar mi- 
 nor, the short flexor of that toe. 
 
 Parathenar Major, Abductor minimi digiti 
 pedis — p.Minor, Flexor brevis minimi digiti pedis. 
 
 PARATHROMA, Elongatio. 
 
 PARATONIA, see Spasm. 
 
 PARATOPIA, Luxation. 
 41 
 
 PARATOP'I^; from irapa, in the sense cf 
 change, and totto?, 'place.' Diseases in which 
 organs are removed from their proper position. 
 See Ectopia. 
 
 PARATRIMMA, Chafing. 
 
 PARATROPE, Apotropo. 
 
 PARAT'ROPHY, Parat'rophe,^ Paratro]^h'!a, 
 from napa, ' dim,' and Tpo(pri, ' nourishment.' Mis- 
 nutrition. 
 
 PARDALIANCHES, Aconitum. 
 
 PARDALIANCHUM, Aconitum. 
 
 PAREC'TAMA, Parec'tasis, from ir^pa, 'be- 
 yond,' tK, ' out of,' and tuvoi, ' I stretch.' Immo- 
 derate extension or dilatation of a part — as of 
 the heart. 
 
 Px\RECTASIS, Pararthrema, Parectama. 
 
 PAREGOR'IC, Paregor'icus, So'piens, from 
 ■napiiyopto) (-rrapa, and ayopcvio), ' I soothe, I calm.' 
 
 That which soothes or assuages — as paregoric 
 elixir. An anodyne. 
 
 PAREIA, Gena. 
 
 PAREIRA, see P. brava. 
 
 Parei'ra Brava, Cissam'pelos Pareira, Pa- 
 reyra, Butua, Pariera brava, Abu'ta, Albu'tua, 
 Botou, Caa-peba, Overo butua, Wild vine. Velvet 
 leaf. Family, Menispermea}. /Sex. Sijst. Dioecia 
 Monadelphia. The root of this plant — Pareira 
 (Ph. U. S.) — a native of South America and the 
 West Indies, has a sweet taste with considerabla 
 bitterness and slight roughness. It has been re- 
 commended in nephritic and calculous affections j 
 but it is not much used. 
 
 PAEELLE, Rumex hydrolapathum. 
 
 PARENCEPHALIS, Cerebellum. 
 
 PARENCEPHALITIS, Cerebellitis. 
 
 PARENCEPHALOCE'LE, from 7rap£y/c£^,aX<j, 
 (rrapa, and eyK£tpa\os, ' the brain,') ' the cerebel- 
 lum,' and KvXrj, ' a rupture.' Hernia of the cere- 
 bel'lum ; a very rare disease. It occurs under 
 the form of a soft, indolent, or slightly painful 
 tumour, without change in the colour of the skin, 
 and is situate in the occipital region. It is con- 
 stituted of the cerebellum, which escapes through 
 an aperture in the occipital bone. Great atten- 
 tion must be paid not to mistake it for an ordi- 
 nary tumour, as its extirpation would be attended 
 with fatal consequences. 
 
 PARENCEPHALUS, Cerebellum. 
 
 PAREN'CHYMA, Caro parenchymat'ica seu 
 vis'ceriim seu viscera'lia seu vi-scero'sa, Substan'tia 
 parenchymctto'sa, Procheu'wa. The texture of 
 glandular and other organs, composed of agglo- 
 merated globules united by areolar tissue, and 
 tearing with more or less facility. Such is the 
 texture of the liver, kidneys, &c. napeyx^vfjia 
 signifies in Greek, effusion, [irapa, ev, and ;\;uw, ' I 
 pour,') and it was believed, that this tissue con- 
 sisted of cflfused blood or other fluid. 
 
 Parenchyma Testis, Pulpa testis. 
 
 PAREN'CHYMAL, Parenchym'atons, Paren'- 
 chymous, Parenchyma' lis, Parenchymat' icua ; 
 same etymon. Belonging or relating 10 the pa^ 
 renchyma of an organ. 
 
 PARENCHYMATI'TIS; from xaptyxyixo., 'pa- 
 renchyma.,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Tn- 
 fiamma'tio j^arenchymat'ica. Inflammation of 
 the substance of an organ, 
 
 PARENCHYMATOUS, Parenchym,.!. 
 
 PAR'ESIS, from irapiripii, ' I relax.' Paralysis. 
 According to some, a slight, incomplete paralysis, 
 afi"ecting motion, not sensation. 
 
 PARESTHB'SIS, ParcBsthe'sia, or PareatJie' 
 sia, Sensua imperfee'tus, from n-apa, ' defective,' 
 and aLcrOrfaii, 'sensation.' Congenital miscon- 
 struction of the external organs of sense. A g»- 
 
PAE.ETICA 
 
 642 
 
 PARORASTS 
 
 nus in the nosologj' of Good. Also, perversion 
 of sensibility. 
 
 PARET'ICA EXARTHRO'SIS. Luxation 
 from relaxation of the ligaments of a joint. 
 
 PARETICUS, Relaxant. 
 
 FARFUM, Suffimentum. 
 
 PARIERA BRAVA, Pareira brava. 
 
 PARIES, Table. 
 
 PARI'ETAL, Parieta'Its, from ^jarje*, pa- 
 rietis, ' a wall.' 
 
 Parietal Artery, see P. Bones. 
 
 Parietal Bones, Ossa parieta'lia, Ossa verti- 
 ea'lia, Ossa ver'ticis, Ossa sincip'itis, Ossa breg'- 
 matis, Ossa nerva'lia, Ossa tetrag'ona, are two 
 fellow-hones, occupying the lateral and upper 
 parts of the cranium, in the formation of which 
 they assist. They have a quadrilateral shape : 
 their external surface is convex, and presents, at 
 its middle part, an eminence called the Parietal 
 protuberance, (F.) Bosse j)arietale. Their inner 
 or cerebral surface, which is concave, has a de- 
 pression that corresponds with the preceding 
 eminence, and which is called the Parietal fossa, 
 Possa parieta'lis. Above and behind, near the 
 superior edge of these bones, is a foramen, which 
 does not always exist, called the Parietal fora- 
 men, Fora'men parieta'le, through which passes 
 a vein — parietal vein — that opens into the supe- 
 rior longitudinal sinus of the dura mater, and an 
 artery — parietal artery — a branch of the occi- 
 pital, which ramifies on the same sinus. Each 
 parietal bone is articulated above, with its fellow; 
 below, with the temporal bone; before, with the 
 frontal; behind, with the occipital, and by the 
 anterior and inferior angle with the great ala of 
 the sphenoid. Each parietal bone is developed 
 from a single point of ossification. 
 
 Parietal Poramen, see P. Bones — p. Fossa, 
 see P. Bones — p. Protuberance, see P. Bones — 
 p. Veins, see P. Bones. 
 
 PARIETA'RIA, P. officina'lis, Helx'ine, Vi- 
 tra'ria. Wall p)el'litory, (F.) Parietaire commune. 
 Family Urticese. Sex. Syst. Polygamia Moncecia. 
 This plant grows on old walls, and contains much 
 nitrate of potassa. It is diuretic, but is not much 
 used. 
 
 Parieta'riA Pennsylvan'ica, Amer'ican PeV- 
 litory, a small weed, flowering from June to Au- 
 gust, has been used in juice or decoction as a 
 diuretic, deobstruent (?) and emmenagogue. 
 
 PARI'ETES, Plural of Paries, 'a wall,' (F.) 
 Parois. A name given to parts which form the 
 enclosures — the limits of different cavities of the 
 body, as the Parietes of the cranium, chest, &o. 
 
 PARIS, P. qiiadrifo'lia, Sola'num quadrifo'- 
 lium, Uva inver'sa seu lupi'na seu vulpi'na, One- 
 herry, Truelove, (F.) Parisette, Raisin de Renard. 
 It possesses narcotic properties, and was formerly 
 considered a powerful love philter. It is emetic, 
 and is sometimes used externally as a resolvent 
 and anodyne. 
 
 PARISAGOGE INTESTINORUM, Intussus- 
 ceptio. 
 
 PARISETTE, Paris. 
 
 PARISTH'MIA, napa, and i(r0//o?, 'the throat.' 
 A word employed to designate the tonsils, and, 
 likewise, inflammation of the tonsils. Cynanche 
 tonsillaris, and C3'nanche in general. 
 
 PARISTHMIOT'OMUS, from 7Tapi(T&,xia, 'the 
 tonsils,' and rinviii, 'I cut.' An instrument with 
 which trie tonsils were formerly scarified. 
 PARTSTTIMITrS. Oynanche, C. tonsillaris. 
 PARISTHMIUM, Tonsil. 
 PA HIS WORT, Trillium iatifolium. 
 PARMAGITY, Cetaeeura. 
 PARMELIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Tslandions 
 
 • p. Plicata, Lichen plicatus — p. Pulmonacea, 
 
 Lichen pulmonarius — p. Roccella, Lichen roo- 
 cella — p. Saxatilis, Lichen saxatilis. 
 
 PAROCHETEUSIS, Derivation. 
 
 PARODON'TIDES, from rap, 'near,' and 
 o&ovi, ' a tooth.' Tumours on the gums ; parulis. 
 <fcc. 
 
 PARODYNIA, Dystocia — p. Perversa, Pre- 
 sentation, preternatural. 
 
 PAROIS, Parietes. 
 
 PAROLE, Voice, articulated. 
 
 PAROMPHALOCE'LE, from irapa, 'near, 
 oii(pa\oi, ' the navel,' and (07X17, ' rupture.' Hernia 
 near the navel. 
 
 PARONIR'IA, from -Kapa, and ovtipov, 'a 
 dream.' Depraved, disturbed, or morbid dream- 
 ing; Oneirodyn'ia aeti'va, Erethis'mus oneiro- 
 dyn'ia. The voluntary organs connected with 
 the passing train of ideas, overpowered by the 
 force of the imagination during dreaming, and 
 involuntarily excited to their natural or accus- 
 tomed actions, while the other organs remain 
 asleep. — Good. 
 
 Paroniria Ambulans, Somnambulism — p. Sa- 
 lax. Pollution. 
 
 PARONY'CniA, Paron'ycMs, Paronyehi'iis, 
 Pan'aris, Redu'via, Rediv'ia, Relu'vin, Vermis 
 dif/'iti, Panarifium, Pteryrj'ium dir/'iti, Bigi- 
 tium, Pandalit"ium, Passu, Dactyli'tis, Pana'- 
 rium, Onych'ia, (F.) Onglade, from irapa, 'near,' 
 and oi/uf, 'the nail.' The ancients gave this 
 name to an inflammatory tumour, — Onyxi'iis 
 (Gross), — seated near the nail, and involving 
 the pulp or matrix. Some of the moderns have 
 extended it to inflammation of the hand, and 
 even of the forearm. It usually means every 
 phlegmonous tumour of the fingers or toes, and 
 especially of the first phalanx. Four kinds of 
 paronychia are commonly pointed out: 1. That 
 seated between the epidermis and skin, called in 
 France Toumiole. 2. That seated in the subcu- 
 taneous areolar tissue. 3. That occupying the 
 sheath of a tendon ; and 4. That considered to bo 
 seated between the periosteum and bone. The 
 last three are only different degrees of the same 
 disease, constituting Whitlow, (F.) Hal d'aven- 
 ture : — the worst kinds, in English, are called 
 Felon. The inflammation generally commences 
 in the subcutaneous areolar tissue, and spreads 
 to other parts, occasioning excessive, lancinating 
 pain, owing to the parts being put upon the 
 stretch; hence, the necessity of dividing them 
 freely, — even down to the bone, when there is 
 reason to believe that the affection belongs to 
 the fourth division, — making use of emollient 
 applications, the antiphlogistic treatment, and 
 opiates to relieve pain. 
 
 Paronychia, Asplenium ruta muraria — p. Di- 
 gitium, Digitium. 
 
 PARONYCniS, Paronychia. 
 PARONYCIIITIS. Paronychia. 
 PAROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
 PAROPIA, Canthus (lesser.) 
 PAROPLEXIA, Paraplegia. 
 PAROPSIS, Dysa3sthesia visualis — p. Amau- 
 rosis, Amaurosis — p. Cataracta, Cataract — p. 
 Glaucosis, Glaucoma — p. Illusoria, Pscudoblep- 
 sia — p. Lateralis, Dysopia lateralis — p. Longin- 
 qua, Presbytia — p. Lucifuga, Nyctalopia — p. 
 Noctifuga, Hemeralopia — p. Propinqua, Myopia 
 — p. Staphyloma, Staphyloma — p. Staphyloma 
 purulentum, Hypopyon — p. Staphyloma simplex, 
 Hydrophthalmia — p. Strabismus, Strabismus — 
 p. Synezisis, Synezisis. 
 
 PAROPTE'SIS, from itapa, dim., and os-Tao*, 
 'I roast.' Forcing a sweat by placing a patient 
 before the fire or putting him in a dry bath. 
 PAROP>.A'SIS, from napa, dim., and cpaw, 'I 
 
PARORCHIDIUM 
 
 643 
 
 PARTICLES 
 
 Bee.' Perversion of sight, wliieli prevents the 
 person from judging accurately of the colour of 
 objects. Achromatop'sia. Hallucination. — Galen. 
 PARORCHID'IUM, from napa, dim., 'some- 
 thing wrong,' and opx^i, ' testicle.' Any position 
 of one or both testicles, different from that which 
 they ought to occupy in the scrotum ; — whether 
 they may not have descended through the abdo- 
 minal ring, or are drawn up to the groins by the 
 cremaster muscle. 
 
 PAROR'CHIDO-ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia 
 paror'chido-enter'ica. Intestinal hernia compli- 
 cated with displacement of the testicle. — Sau- 
 vages. 
 
 PAROSMIA, Anosmia. Also, perversion of 
 smell ; ParcBsthe'aia olfacto'ria, Olfac'tus depra- 
 va'tus, Id!os7/itcra'sia olfacto'ria. 
 
 PAROS'TIA, from Trapa, 'defectively,' and 
 oarcov, 'a bone.' Bones untempered in their sub- 
 stance, and incapable of affording proper sup- 
 port. — Good. 
 
 Parostia Flexilis, MoUities ossium — p. Fra- 
 gilis, Fragilitas ossium. 
 
 PAROTIA, Cynanche parotidasa. 
 PAROT'ID, Gland' ida porotidea, G. ad Aures, 
 Paro'tis, Animel'lcE, Alimel'lm, Lacticin'ia; from 
 Trapa, 'about,' and ovs, 'the ear.' The largest of 
 the salivary glands, seated under the ear, and 
 near the angle of the lower jaw. It is composed 
 of many separate lobes, giving rise to excretory 
 ducts, which unite to form one canal, called the 
 Parotid duct, Steno'a canal — the Ductus superior 
 or Superior scdivary canal of some. This duct, 
 after having advanced horizontally into the sub- 
 stance of the cheek, proceeds through an opening 
 in the buccinator muscle, and terminates in the 
 mouth opposite the second upper molaris. About 
 the middle of its course, it sometimes receives 
 the excretory duct of a glandular body, situate 
 in its vicinity, and called the Ac'cessory Gland 
 of the Parotid, So'cia Parot'idis, Gland' ula so'cia 
 parot'idis. In the substance of the parotid are 
 found — a number of branches of the facial nerve, 
 of the transverse arteries of the face, and the 
 posterior auricular. It receives, also, some fila- 
 ments from the inferior maxillary nerve, and 
 from the ascending branches of the superficial 
 cervical plexus. Its lymphatic vessels are some- 
 what numerous, and pass into ganglions situate 
 At its surface or behind the angle of the jaw. 
 The parotid secretes saliva, and pours it copiously 
 into the mouth. 
 
 Parotid, Accessory Gland of the, see Pa- 
 rotid. 
 
 Parotid Apon^euro'sis. A sheath of great 
 thickness, continuous, below, with the cervical 
 fascia. It forms a frame-work to the parotid by 
 means of iibrous prolongations from its deep sur- 
 face. Its density accounts for the pain of paro- 
 titis, and for the difficulty with which pus makes 
 its way to the surface. 
 
 Parotid Arteries, see Parotid — p. Duct, see 
 Parotid — p. Veins, see Parotid. 
 PAROTIDE, Parotis. 
 
 PAROTIDOIST'CUS, Tumor paro'tidis, T.glan'- 
 dvlcB parotidecB, from naparK;, 'the parotid,' and 
 oyKos, 'a tumour.' Swelling of the parotid. 
 
 PARO'TIS, PMeg'mone parotidea, Jnflamma'- 
 tio paro'tidum, Cynan'che parotidcB'a, Paroti'tis, 
 Dioscu'ri, (F.) Parotide, is the name of a tumour 
 seated under the ear; which is reddish, hard, and 
 attended with obtuse pain ; the progress to sup- 
 puration being slow and difficult. Sometimes it 
 is of a malignant character, sloughing, and long 
 protracted. Some French pathologists restrict 
 the term parotide to symptomatic parotitis — as 
 to that which occurs in plague; whilst they ap- 
 
 ply the terms Oreillons or Ourles to Cynanche 
 parotidtea or Mumps. 
 
 Parotis Contagiosa, Cynanche parotidasa — 
 p. Epideniiea, Cynanche parotidasa — p. Seroso 
 giutine tumens, Cynanche parotidsea — p. Spuria, 
 Cynanche parotidaja. 
 
 PAROTITIS, Cynanche parotidsea, Parotis — 
 p. Epidemica, Cynanche parotidsea — p. Erysipe- 
 latosa, Cynanche parotidasa — p. Polymtrpha, 
 Cynanche parotidasa — p. Specifica, Cynanche 
 parotidaaa. 
 
 P AROVA'RIUM : from irapa, ' near ;' and 
 uyapiov, ' the ovary.' A body closely analogous in 
 structure to the epididymis, which is seated be- 
 tween the Fallopian tube and the ovary in the 
 broad ligament. The Corpus Wolffianum con- 
 curs in its formation. — Kobelt. 
 
 PAPb'OXYSM, Paroxys'mus, from -izapo^wia, 
 (irapa, and o^vveiv, ' to render sharp.') ' I irri- 
 tate ;' Tm'petvs, Insid'tus, Inva'sio, Exacerha' tio, 
 Acces'sio, Acccs'sus, (F.) Exacerlation, Bedouble- 
 ment, Acces. The augmentation which super- 
 venes at equal or unequal intervals in the symp- 
 toms of acute diseases. Also, a periodical exacer- 
 bation or fit of a disease. 
 
 PAROXYS'MAL, Paroxysma'lis ; same ety- 
 mon. (F.) Paroxystique. Of or belonging to a 
 paroxysm ; — as a p)aroxysyrwl day, (F.) Jour 
 paroxystique ; a day on which a paroxysm of 
 disease occurs. 
 
 PAROXYSMUS FEBRILIS, Pyrexia. 
 
 PAR OX YSTIQ UE, Paroxysmal. 
 
 PARS, Genital organs — p. Corporis, Genital 
 organs — p. Inferior Pedis, Sole — p. Intermedia, 
 see Corpus spongiosum urethra; ■ — p. Mastoidea 
 of Temporal Bone, Mastoid process — p. Natu- 
 ralis medicinee. Physiology — p. Obscoena, Genital 
 organs — p. Petrosa, see Temporal Bone — p. Prima 
 asperas arterise. Larynx — p. Pyramidalis ossis 
 temporis, see Temporal Bone — p. Squamosa, see 
 Temporal Bone — p. Urethrse membranacea, see 
 Urethra — p. Vaga, Pneumogastric — p. Virilis, 
 Penis. •• 
 
 PARSLEY, COMMON, Apium petroselinum— 
 p. Fool's, ^thusa cynapium — p. Macedonian, 
 Bubon Macedonicum — p. Mountain, black, Atha- 
 manta aureoselinum — p. Poison, Conium maeu- 
 latum — p. Spotted, Conium maculatum — p. Wa^ 
 ter, Cicuta maculata. 
 
 PARSNEP, COW, Heracleum spondylium, 
 Heracleum lanatum — p. Garden, Pastinaca sa- 
 tiva — p. Meadow, Thaspium Barbinode — p. 
 Water, common, Slum latifolium. 
 
 PAR T, see Parturition — p. Legitime et iUe- 
 gitime, see Parturition. 
 
 PARTES GENERATION! INSERVIEN- 
 TES, Genital organs — p. Genitales, Genital or- 
 gans — p. Laterales nasi, Scapulas nasi — p. Ner- 
 vosae, see Nerve — p. Obscoena, Genital organs. 
 
 PARTHENEIA, Virginity. 
 
 PARTHENIUM FEBRIFUGA, Matricaria — 
 p. Mas, Tanacetum. 
 
 PARTHEN'IUS, {3forhus ;) from TrapOivos, 'a 
 virgin.' A disease in a young female. Also, 
 chlorosis. 
 
 PARTHENOGEN'ESIS; from r-apdevog, 'a. 
 virgin,' and ysveais, 'generation.' The successive 
 production of procreating individuals from a 
 single ovum. — Owen. 
 
 PARTHENOL'OGY, Part7ienolor;"ia,_ from 
 irapOsveia, 'virginity,' and Xoyo;, 'a description.' 
 A description or consideration of the state of vir- 
 ginity in health or disease. 
 
 PARTHENUS, Virgin. 
 
 PARTIALIS, Local. 
 
 PARTICLES, PRIMITIVE, OF MUSCLES, 
 Sarcous Elements. 
 
PARTIES 
 
 644 
 
 PAETUEITION 
 
 PARTIES, LES, Genital organs—^. Gini- 
 tales, Genital organs — ^3. Honteiises, Genital or- 
 gans — p. Genitoires, Genital organs — j)- -^^atu- 
 relles, Genital organs — ^j. Nohles, Genital organs 
 — p. Sexuelles, Genital organs. 
 
 PARTIO, Parturition. 
 
 PARTRIDGE-BERRY, Gaultheria, Mitehella 
 repens. 
 
 PARTS, THE, Genital organs. 
 
 PARTURA, Parturition. 
 
 PARTU'RIENT, Partu'riens, from parturire, 
 itself from parere, ' to bring fortE? Bringing 
 forth, or about to bring forth, or having recently 
 brought forth. — Young. 
 
 The Parturient, Puer'pieroug, GJiildhed, or L-ij- 
 ing-in-state, Piierjie'rium, requires careful man- 
 agement, and is subject to various diseases. 
 
 A Partu'rient or Parturifa'cient is a medicine 
 which induces or promotes labour ; as ergot, and, 
 perhaps, borate of soda, see Abortive. 
 
 PARTURIFACIENT, Parturient. 
 
 PARTURIGO, Parturition. 
 
 PARTURIT"I01Sr, Puerpe'rium, Partus, Par- 
 tia, ParturWio, Parturi'go, Partu'ra, Tocos, 
 To'cetos, Texis, Lochi'a, Apocye'sis, 3Iaeeu'sis, 
 Maieu'sis, Nego'tmm seu Actus parturitio'nis, 
 Enix'us seu Enix'iofcetus, Expul'sio fcetus, ApoV- 
 ijsis, Labour, Child-bearing, Child-birth, Trav'ail, 
 {¥.) Accouchement, Couche, Travail d'Enfant. 
 The delivery of the foetus and its appendages. 
 Labour is the necessary consequence of concep- 
 tion, pregnancy, and the completion of gestation. 
 It does not take place, at the full time, until after 
 nine months of utero-gestation, — the causes pro- 
 ducing it being the contraction of the uterus and 
 abdominal muscles. By different authors, the 
 stages of labour have been variously divided. 
 We may, perhaps, admit of four. Iha first stage 
 comprises the precursory signs. One, two, or 
 three days before labour, a mucous discharge, 
 streaked with blood, takes place from the vagina, 
 which is called the Signum, Zeucorrhce'a Nabo'- 
 
 fhi, IIcBmnrrhag"ia Nabothi, Labour-sTiow, OF 
 Show; and, along with this, trifling grinding 
 pains, called by the French Slouches, are felt in 
 the loins and abdomen. Second stage : — Peculiar 
 pains, which extend from the lumbar region to- 
 wards the uterus ; tension and 'dilatation of the 
 neck and orifice of that organ; protrusion into 
 the vagina of the envelopes of the foetus, forming 
 the bag of waters, (F.) Poche dea eanx ; and rup- 
 ture or breaking of the waters. Third stage : — 
 Contractions of the uterus and abdominal mus- 
 cles; forcing pains; the head of the foetus be- 
 comes engaged in the pelvis; the occiput being 
 commonly situate above the left acetabulum, 
 passes beneath the arch of the pubis. Fourth, 
 stage: — the head now presents at the vulva, the 
 perineum being considerably distended ; at length 
 it clears the external parts, and the rest of the 
 body Is easily disengaged. The child still con- 
 tinues attached to the mother by the umbilical 
 cord, which has to be divided. In the course of 
 fifteen or twenty minutes, trifling pains occur, and 
 the secundines are expelled. This completes de- 
 livery. In by far the majority of cases, the head 
 is the presenting part, the occiput directed ante- 
 riorly, and the face posteriorly. Of 12,633 chil- 
 dren, born at the Hospital La Ilaternitc, in Paris, 
 from the 10th of December, 1797, to the 31st of 
 July, 1806, the following were the presentations: 
 The head, with the face posteriorly... 12,120 
 
 The head anteriorly 63 
 
 The breech 198 
 
 The feet 147 
 
 The knees 3 
 
 Other positions 102 
 
 12,633 
 The following table, drawn up from data fur- 
 nished by Velpeau, gives an approximative view 
 of the comparative number of presentations, ac- 
 cording to the experience of the individuals men- 
 tioned : 
 
 TABLE, EXHIBITING THE RATIO OF PRESENTATIONS IN 1000 CASES. 
 
 
 1 
 
 ACCORDING TO 1 
 
 Merri- 
 
 Blind. 
 
 Madame 
 Boivin. 
 
 Madame 
 Lacha- 
 pelle. 
 
 NSegle. 
 
 Lovati. 
 
 Hospital 
 of ihe 
 Faculte. 
 
 Boer. 
 
 Rowiiiar, or of the vortex 
 
 924 
 
 908 
 
 2.2 
 
 36 
 12.7 
 
 23 
 
 6.6 
 16 
 3.3 
 
 944 
 
 2.6 
 
 28 
 9.4 
 
 13 
 
 4.7 
 
 4.7 
 5.2 
 
 969 
 
 944 
 
 7C0 
 
 179 
 0.29 
 9.4 
 5.3 
 4.4 
 3.6 
 
 29 
 
 0.19 
 18 
 4.6 
 4.6 
 
 4.77 
 
 033 
 910 
 717 
 
 209 
 
 9 
 
 7.3 
 
 2.9 
 
 4.6 
 
 2.6 
 
 36 
 
 U 
 0.40 
 
 "2 
 
 ~5.3 
 3.4 
 7.8 
 0.53 
 
 933 
 
 47 
 
 4.8 
 3G 
 7.2 
 2!4 
 
 911 
 
 895 
 537 
 
 980 
 
 8.8 
 
 29 
 10.3 
 
 19 
 
 5 7 
 5.9 
 1.5 
 
 a. Occipito-cotyloid (left) 
 
 Do. (right) 
 
 
 
 b Do (.riglit) 
 
 Mento-iliac (right) 
 
 Of tlie pelvis 
 
 Of the foot 
 
 
 
 Of the trunk 
 
 
 
 Cephalotomy 
 
 Labour has received different names, according 
 to the period of pregnancy at which it occurs, and 
 the mode in which it takes place. It is called 
 miscarriage or abortion, prior to the seventh 
 Tflonth ; premature labour, Omotoc'ia, Partus j^ra- 
 •:ox seu prcematu'rus, between this and eight 
 months and a half; and labour at the full period, 
 (F.) Accouchement d terme, when it happens at 
 the end of nine months. Labours have likewise 
 l>een variously divided by difl'erent authors. Per- 
 hapsf the one into Natural, Preternatural, and 
 
 Laborious, is as common as any; — natural La- 
 bour meaning that which would occur without 
 manual assistance; preternatural, requiring the 
 assistance of art, but by the hand solely : and 
 laborious, requiring instrumental assistance; 
 which M. Capuron calls Accouchement Media- 
 niqne, Powerless labour, the Inertia par epuise- 
 ment of Madame La Chapelle, is that in which the 
 muscular powers from exhaustion are unable to 
 accomplish delivery. 
 The French use the term Part, Partus, at 
 
 \ 
 
PAE,TUIlITIO]Sr 
 
 645 
 
 PARTURITION 
 
 times, synonymously witli delivery; at others, 
 with /ostus, Ji faieii' ma, Maeeii'ma. Suppression 
 de part mea,ns concealment of delivery ; Part 
 legitime, a fcetus which comes into the world with 
 
 the condition necessary for its enjoying advan- 
 tages granted by law ; and Part illeffitime, one 
 that does not fall under those conditions. 
 
 TABLE OP THE COURSE AND MANAGEMENT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF 
 
 LABOURS. 
 
 Natural Labours, 
 Or tJiose in ivhich Delivery can he effected ■ 
 
 itJiout Assistance. 
 
 FJe\d Presenting. 
 
 (Four Posilions.) 
 
 f The head with the chin bent upon the breast clears Die 
 1. Occiput towards the Left] pnm of the pelvis. JVIotion of rotation produced l.y Uie 
 
 Jiceiabulum. 
 
 '<! 
 
 2. Occiput towards the Right 
 Acetabulum. 
 
 Lower Extremi- 
 ty Presenting. 
 
 (Four Positions of ■{ 
 the Feet, Knees 
 and Breech) 
 
 nclined planes of the pelvis; the occipital protuheran 
 is carried behind the symphysis pubis, and the face 
 towards ihe hollow of the sacrum. 
 The head attains the outlet : clears it ; the occiput being 
 first disengaged, and the face afterwards, which passes 
 successively along the whole of the hollow of the 
 
 <; sacrum. 'J'he shoulders enter the brim diagonally ; 
 and execute the movement of rotation. The one be- 
 hind first clears the outlet. The same thing occurs 
 with the nates. 
 
 r The same course is here followed : except that after the 
 
 3. Occiput towards the Riffht) rotary movement, the face passes behind the symphysis 
 Sacroiliac Si/mphijsis. "i pubis, and the occiput into the hollow of the' sacrum. 
 
 ( The occiput is first extruded ; — the face next. 
 rWhen the chin presents and is turned forwards, the 
 J n..-„„f f„ J, ,i,„ T,f,\ face is first expelled; the head is thrown backwards. 
 
 4. Occput towards the Lefl^ .j,^.^ presentation is uncommon. If the chin present 
 Sacro-ihac Symphysts. , ^nd be thrown backwards, natural delivery cannot be 
 
 [ etlected. 
 f ( The nates enter the brim diagonally ; movement of rota- 
 
 ) tion : the one passes behind the symphysis pubis; the 
 ^ other towards the hollow of the sacrum. The one be- 
 ( hind is first extruded. 
 
 f The same thing happens to the shoiilders. The chin is 
 
 Sacrvm. to- I bent upon the chest to clear the brim : movement of 
 
 rotation : the occiput passes behind tlie symphysis 
 
 I pubis, and the face towards the hollow of the sacrum. 
 
 [ The face clears the outlet first ; the occiput last. 
 
 1. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to 
 wards the Left Acetabulum. 
 
 2. Heel, Tibia, o 
 
 wards the Right jlcelabu-i 
 lum. 
 
 3. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to- f 
 I " 
 I 
 
 L Presentation op the 
 Head, Upper Extremi- 
 ties, Back, Abdomen, 
 &:c. 
 
 General Observations. ■{ 
 
 wards the Right Sacro-iliac I The same progress, except that after the movement of 
 Si/mphijsis. } rotation, Ihe face is towards the pubis, and the occiput 
 
 4. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum, to-) towards the sacrum. The face is here again delivered 
 wards the Left Sacro-iliac i first. 
 Symphysis. I 
 
 II. Preternatural Labours, 
 
 Or those loTiich require Ifanual Assistance only. 
 
 '1. When the labour is without any serious complication, and the head is not 
 in a good position at the brim of the pelvis, endeavours are to be made to 
 place it in its natural position: the hand to be introduced with the fingers 
 united, and the long diameter of the head to be placed diagonally in the 
 brim, if possible. Or the lever may be fixed over the occiput, and, by draw- 
 ing it down, a closer approximation of the chin and chest may bo effected ; 
 the position of the head to the pelvis being at the same time attended to. 
 If complicated with syncope, convulsions, hemorrhage, want of uterine 
 action, &c., the feet must be laid hold of, and the child turned. For this 
 purpose, empty the rectum and bladder; and turn, if possible, prior to the 
 escape of the liquor amiiii. The female may be placed on her hack or left 
 side, with the breech over the edge of the bed. Use the right or left hand, 
 according as the feet of the child are to the right or left side of the pelvis; 
 always so introducing the hand, that the child shall be in its palm, and the 
 
 i back of the hand opposed to the inner surface of the uterus. The hand and 
 arm to be introduced during an interval of pain ; and they must be flattened 
 and tranquil whilst the uterus is contracting forcibly. If both feet cannot 
 be readily brought down, seize one, and tie a fillet around it. 
 3. If the toes point to the vertebral column, or to the abdomen of the mother, 
 the head, in its descent, will not enter the pelvis: the chin and occiput will 
 be hitched on the pubis and promontory of the sacrum. In such case, grasp 
 the nates as soon as they have passed the os externum ; and, during a pain, 
 endeavour to direct the toes towards either sacro-iliac synchondrosis. When 
 the fingers can be passed along the body of the child, and over the shoulders 
 to the bend of the elbows, draw down the arms successively. When the body 
 is expelled, and the head filling up the brim, the termination of labour must 
 be accelerated by passing two fingers over the nhoulder of the child ; using 
 moderate and steady extracting power, whilst one finger of the other hand, 
 passed into the mouth, depresses the chin on the sternum. In this way, tJie 
 head may be extracted. 
 
 III. Instrumental Labours, 
 
 Or those requiring the Assistance of appropriate Tnatrumenfa. 
 
 If the pains become feeble, or inadequate from any cause ;— or if the presenting 
 part be firmly wedged in the pelvis; or the woman be becoming exhausted, 
 instrumental assistance may be reqiiireil. In all such cases, place the female 
 on the back or left side, empty the bladder and rectum ; wait till the os uteri 
 is in a fit state ; afford assistance during the pains ; introduce the instrument 
 during the intervals between the pains; have the patient ou her left side 
 (generally); and extract according to the axes of brim and outlet, as the case 
 may be. 
 
PAr.TURITIOX 
 
 646 
 
 PAS3E-PIEERE 
 
 1. Short Forceps. 
 
 2. Lovg Forceps. 
 
 3. Lever or Veclis. 
 
 4. Fillet and Blunt Hook. 
 
 f Apply llifse to the ?i;ips of the head of the child, so that the ears and parjptal 
 I proliibiTances may be within the fenestra. Introduce the lefi-hand blade 
 first; the index and middle fincers fif the right hand guiding it to ihe ear. 
 I With the right hand pass the other in an opposite line, corresponding with 
 { the course of the first blade, guided by the fore and middle fingers of ihe left 
 I hand; the third and little fingers being employed to retain the left-hand blade 
 in place ; humour the instrument so as to allow the blades to lock. The 
 I handles may now be tied gently together. The force used must be from blaue 
 I. to blade, with a gentle, tractile efi'ort. 
 
 f Applicable where the head does not enter the brim. The long forceps mnst be 
 1 applied, in most cases, over the occiput and face of the child, so that the 
 \ convex edges of the blades may be towards the hollow of the sacrum. 
 I When used, the power may be exerted from side to side, with moderate 
 y traction. 
 
 i The lever is applicable to the same cases as the forceps. It must not be used 
 < strictly as a lever, but as a hook with which to draw downwards. It may be 
 ( applied to any part of the head, but is generally hitched on the occiput. 
 ( In certain cases of breech and knee presentation, where the hand is insufficient. 
 ■^ it may be necessary to pass over the joint a fillet, or the blunt hook, witli 
 ( which to exert some force of traction. The operation is very simple, 
 f Disproportionate size of head, or distorted or deformed pelvis, may require the 
 child to be destroyed, and its bulk lessened ; or the Ca;sarean section or sym- 
 physotoniy, or the induction of premature labour may be called for. 
 The instruments required here, are the Perforator, Crotchet, and Craviolomy 
 Forceps. Make a steady pressure on the abdomen ; pass two fingers of the 
 left hand up to the head: feel for a suture or fontanelle; introduce Ihe per- 
 forator and bore through, until the progress of the instrument is arrested by 
 its shoulders. Open the handles, and turn the instrument in difierent direc- 
 tions, so that the opening may be large enough to admit the perforator, with 
 which the brain must he broken down. 
 If, after this, delivery cannot be accomplished without further aid, pass up the 
 craniotomy forceps; open the handles slightly, and introduce the blade 
 without teeth within the cranium. On closing the forceps, ahold is obtained; 
 and a tractile force can now be exerted during the pains, and the extrusion 
 of the child be efi^cted. 
 Should great difficulty exist at the brim, the hones at the top of the head may 
 have to be removed, until the base alone remains. Tlie chin must then be 
 brought through first. 
 The crotchet is often used instead of the craniotomy forceps, being passed into 
 the opening made by the perforator, and hooked upon some bony projection 
 in thi: interior of the skull ; but it is not a good instrument. In presentations 
 of the face demanding perforation of the cranium, the perforator should be 
 introduced just above the nose, in the sagittal suture. 
 When it is necessary to open the head after the lower extremities have been 
 \ expelled, the perforation must be made l)ehind the ear. 
 In cases of great narrowness of the pelvis, the operation of Symphysotomy has 
 been adopted by French practitioners— rarely by British or American; and, 
 in extreme cases, recourse has been had to the Cesarean Section. 
 f If the body of the foetus has been forcibly separated, and the head left in the 
 uterus, it must be laid hold of with one hand, and the forceps be applied : or 
 the hf^ad be opened and delivered, as under embryulcia. Should the head 
 have been brought away, and the body left behind, the feet must be brought 
 l_ down. 
 
 fin cases of narrowness of the pelvis, where the foetus, at the full term, cannot 
 I be born alive, delivery may be brought about at an earlier period, or as soon 
 I as the child is capable of carrying on its functions independently of the 
 mother. 
 The n)ost advisable plan for accomplishing this object is merely to pass the 
 j finger round and round within the os and cervix uteri, so as to detach the 
 I decidua ;— the membranes beinc thus left entire, and the life of the child not 
 I so much endangered, as where the membranes are punctured, and the waters 
 1^ evacuated. Parturition usually follows within forty-eight hours. 
 
 Embryolcia. 
 
 Symphysotomy and Cm- 
 SARE.4.N Section. 
 
 Separation of the Head 
 of the Fcetus from the-; 
 Body. 
 
 iNDtlGTION OF PREMATDRE^ 
 
 Labodr. 
 
 The laying of egg.s by animals is termed in 
 French ponte. The term has been applied to the 
 periodic.al discbarge — ponte pen'odique — of ova, 
 (F.) Chute des CEufs, ■which is supposed to take 
 place from the ovaries at each menstrual period. 
 
 PARTURITION, DRY, Partus Siccus. 
 
 PARTURIUM VANUM, FauMe couche. 
 
 PARTUS, Parturition — p. Abaetio, Abortion 
 — p. Abactus, Abortion — p. Ceesareus, Cesarean 
 section — p. Diffieilis, Dystocia — p. Laboriosus, 
 Dystocia, Laborious labour — p. Preecox, Partu- 
 rition (premature) — p. PrEematurus, Parturition 
 (premature) — p. Serotinus, Opsiotocia. 
 
 Partus Siccus, Dry labour or |ja/-<i/r!"<i'o?). 
 Labour, which is neither preceded nor attended 
 by a discharge of the liquor amnii. 
 
 PARU'LIS, from Trapa, 'near,' and ov'Xov, 'the 
 gum.' Aposte'ma parulis vel paronlis, Phleij'- 
 nione Parulis, Gum B'lil. Small abscesses are so 
 called which form in the gums, sometimes with- 
 out any known cause, but which often depend 
 upon carious teeth. 
 
 PARU'RIA, iromTTapa, 'jdefecttvely,' and uvpiw, 
 
 'I pass urine.' Morbid secretion or discharge 
 of urine. 
 
 Paruria lNCONTiNE>fs, Enuresis — p. Inconti- 
 nens aquosa, see Diabetes — p. Inops, Ischuria, 
 false — p. Mellita, Diabetes — p. Retentionis, Is- 
 churia — p. Retentionis rcnalis. Ischuria — p. Re- 
 tentionis vesicalis. Retention of urine — p. Stil- 
 latitia, Strangury — p. Stillatitia mucosa, Cystir- 
 rhoea, 
 
 PARVITAS MORBOSA PARTIUM OR- 
 GANICARUM, Microtesia. 
 
 PAR'YGRON, from nnpa, and 'vypog, 'humid.' 
 A liquid or moist preparation for allaying topical 
 inflammation. 
 
 PAS D'ANE, Tussilago. 
 
 PASMA. Catapasma. 
 
 PASQUEFLOWER, Anemone Pulsatilla. 
 
 PASSA, Paronvebia. 
 
 PASS^ CORINTHIACiE, see Vitis Corin- 
 
 PASSAGES. DIGESTR^E, "Ways, digestive 
 — p. Second, Ways, second. 
 
 PASSE-PIEl'illE, Crithmum maritimum. 
 
PASSERAGE 
 
 647 
 
 PATELLA 
 
 PASSERAGE, Lberis amara — p. Saiiva<je, Car- 
 dainine prat en sis. 
 
 PASSIBILITY, GREAT, Hvperifisthesis. 
 
 PASSIFLO'RA LAURIFO'LIA, Bay-leaved 
 Passion Flower. A native of Surinam. The fruit 
 has a delicious smell and flavour, and quenches 
 thirst, abates heat of the stomach, increases the 
 appetite, &c. 
 
 PassiflorA Malifor'mis, Apple-shaped Gra- 
 vadil'la. The fruit of this species is esteemed a 
 delicacy in the West Indies, where it is served 
 up at table in desserts. 
 
 Some of the genus are said to possess narcotic 
 and emetic properties. 
 
 PASSIO, Disease, Passion — p. ^moptoica, 
 Hasmoptysis — p. Cadiva, Epilepsj' — p. Cardiaea, 
 Cardialgia — p. Coeliaca, Cceliac flux — p. Cbole- 
 rica. Cholera — p. Felliflua, Cholera — p. Hsemop- 
 toica. Haemoptysis — p. Hypochondriaca, Hypo- 
 chondriasis — p. Hysterica, Hysteria — p. Hiaca, 
 Ileus — p. Ischiadica, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaa 
 
 — p. Pleuritica, Pleuritis — p. Stomachica, Dys- 
 pepsia — p. Ventriculosa, Cceliac flux — p. Vomi- 
 coflua, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PASSION, Pas'sio, An' i mi Path e' ma, Affec'tus, 
 Emo'tio, from j)at!oi-, 'j^assus, 'to suffer.' An active 
 affection or emotion of the mind ; as rage, ter- 
 ror, love, hatred, <fee. 
 
 Passion Flower, Bat-leaved, Passiflora lau- 
 rifolia — p. Hi/steriqne, Hysteria — p. Iliac, Ileus. 
 
 PASSIONES ANIMI, Affections of the mind. 
 
 PASSIVE, Passi'vus. Same etymon as Pas- 
 sion. An epithet for diseases which seem owing 
 to a greater or less diminution of the strength, 
 or which are without apparent reaction. Thus, 
 passive hemorrhages are such as supervene in 
 debilitated individuals, or under conditions in 
 which increased action of the arteries can scarce- 
 ly be presumed. The term ptassive has, also, 
 been given to aneurisms of the heart with exte- 
 nuation of the parietes ,• in opposition to active 
 aneurisms, with thickness of the parietes — hy- 
 pertrophy. 
 
 PASSUL^ MAJORES, see Vitis vinifera — 
 p. Minores, see Vitis Corinthiaca. 
 
 PASSULA'TUM, Uvcb passes, 'raisins, dried 
 grapes.' A medicine in which the pulp of raisins 
 is a chief ingredient. 
 
 PASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. This vil- 
 lage is in the vicinity of Paris. There are seve- 
 ral springs, containing sulphates of lime, iron, 
 and magnesia, alum, common salt, carbonate of 
 iron, carbonic acid, <&c. They are employed as 
 a tonic and astringent. 
 
 PASTA DE ALTH^A, Paste, marshmallow 
 
 — p. Amygdalina, Confection (almond) — p. de 
 Dactylis, Paste, date — p. Emulsiva, Confection 
 (almond) — p. de Jujubis, Paste of jujubes — p. 
 Regia, Confection (almond). 
 
 Pasta Glycyrrhi'z.e Gumma'ta et Anisa'ta 
 seu 3Iassa de extracto glycyrrJii'zcB. A compound 
 of extract of liquorice, gum Senegal, sugar, Flo- 
 rence orris-root, and volatile oil of aniseed. De- 
 mulcent. 
 
 PASTE, Pasta, (F.) Pate. A compound me- 
 dicine, like the pastil, but less consistent, flexible, 
 less saccharine, and more mucilaginous. 
 
 Paste, Date, Massa seu Pasta de dac'tylis. 
 Composed of dates, sugar, gum Arabic, water, and 
 orange-floicer water. — Ph. P. Demulcent. 
 
 Paste of Ju'jubes, Pasta de ju'jubis, Massa 
 de zizypho' rum fructd. Composed oi jujubes, gum 
 Senegal, sugar, water, and tincture of lemon-peel. 
 Demulcent. 
 
 Paste, Marshmal'low, Massa de gummi 
 Arab'ico, Pasta de aMhm'd. A compound of gum 
 Arabic, sugar, white of egg, and orange-flower 
 water. — Ph. P. It is demulcent. 
 
 Paste, Tooth, Dentifrieium — p. Vienna, see 
 Powder, Vienna — p. Ward's, Confectio piperig 
 nigri. 
 
 PASTEL, Pastil'lus, Diocres, Avic'ula Cip'ria, 
 Cande'la fuma'Us, Phfhois, Pkthois'cus. A com- 
 pound of aromatic substances in various shapes; 
 used as a fumigating material when set fire to. 
 See Fumigation. 
 
 The French use the term Pastille, (L.) Pastil- 
 lus, for a solid, dry, round, oblong, square, or 
 triangular compound, whose base is essential oil, 
 and sugar the excipient. These pastilles are in 
 fact small lozenges, and only differ from the 
 tablette in their smaller size. 
 
 Pastel, Isatis tinctoria. 
 
 PASTE QUE, Cueurbita citrullus. 
 
 PASTILLE, see Pastel. 
 
 PASTILLES DIGESTIVES D'HAUTE- 
 RIVE-VICHY, see Trochisci Sodae bicarbonatis 
 — p. Fumigating, see Fumigation — p. de Vichy, 
 see Trochisci Sodse bicarbonatis. 
 
 PASTILLI DIGESTR'I DARCETII, see 
 Trochisci Soda bicarbonatis — p. Emetinae Pec- 
 torales, Trochisci emetin» pectorales. 
 
 Pastil'li de Mentha Piperi'ta, Peppermint 
 drops. {Sacch. alb., aqnm menthce pip., aq. des- 
 stillat. aa §ij. Boil to the consistence of an elec- 
 tuary. Take of fine ichite sugar in powder, ^iv; 
 volatile oil of peppermint, ^ss. Mix, and add 
 the electuary whilst warm. Drop it then on 
 marble, and dry the drops. — Ph. P.) 
 
 PASTILLUS, Pastel. 
 
 PASTINACA ALTISSIMA, P. opoponax— p. 
 Anethum, Anethum graveolens — p. Graveolens, 
 Anethum graveolens — p. Opaca, P. sativa. 
 
 Pastina'ca Opop'anax. The name of the 
 plant which furnishes the Opopanax. The plant, 
 whence the gum resin is obtained, has, also, been 
 called Fer'ida opop'onax, Pastina'ca altiss'ima, 
 Laserpit'ium chiro'nium, Seli'num opop'onax, 
 Opojjana'cum, Panax heracle'itm, Panax costi'- 
 num, Pastina'cea, Kyna, Eercides-all-heal, Opop'~ 
 anaxwort. 
 
 Ojiopanax, Opopana'cis gummi-resi'na, Gezxr, 
 Poji'anax, Gummi Pana'cis, exudes from the roots 
 when wounded. Its odour is strong and pecu- 
 liar; taste, bitter and acrid. It is met with in 
 the shops, in lumps of a reddish-yellow colour, 
 without; white within. It has been recommend- 
 ed as an antispasmodic and emmenagogue ; but 
 is seldom used. Dose, gr. x. to ^j in powder. 
 
 Pastinaca Pratensis, p. sativa. 
 
 Pastina'ca Sati'va, Elaphobos' cum, Pastinaca 
 sylves'tris seu opa'ca seu praten'sis, Ane'thum 
 pastina'ca, Seli'num pastina'ca, Ban'ica, Garden 
 parsnep. The root is sweet and nutritious, and 
 is in esteem as an article of food. It has been 
 used as a diuretic and demulcent in calculous af- 
 fections, <fcc. 
 
 Pastinaca Stlvestris, P. sativa — p. Sylves- 
 tris tenuifolia ofiicinarum, Daucus carota. 
 
 PATE, Paste — p. Arsenicale, Arsenical paste, 
 
 PATELLA, Rot'ida, R. genu, Epigon'atis, Ep)i- 
 gnn'tis, Acromy'le, Epigou'nis seu Epigu'nis seu 
 E^vg'onis, Mola seu Concha seu Oc'ulus sen Orbia 
 seu Scutum genu, Os scutifor'me seu discifnrme 
 sen thy reo'i'des, Super genua' lis, Caucahii'des, 3fy'- 
 lacris, Myle, Gamba, Olec'ranon mob'ile, (F.) Ro- 
 tule. Diminutive of patina, 'a dish,' so called 
 from its shape. A sort of sesamoid, flat, short, 
 thick, rounded bone, situate in front of the knee, 
 and enveloped in the substance of the tendon 
 common to the extensor muscles of the leg. Tho 
 posterior surface of the patella is divided into 
 two facettes, united angularly, which are encrusi- 
 ed with cartilage, and each of which is articulated 
 with one of the condyles of the femur. The pa- 
 
PATENT 
 
 648 
 
 PAVILION 
 
 tella is developed by a single point of ossification. 
 When the patella is fractured, it is difficult to 
 produce bony union. This can only be accom- 
 plished by keeping the fractured extremities 
 closely in apposition. 
 
 Patella, Cup — p. Fixa, Olecranon. 
 PATENT MED'ICINE, Medecine brevetee on 
 patentee, Remede hrevete ou pateiite. A medici- 
 nal compound, for the sale of which the proposer 
 obtains from government an exclusive privilege. 
 A specification of his invention must be registered 
 in the Patent Oflnce, and, hence, it differs from 
 a secret medicine. 
 
 PATER OMNIUM VIVENTIUM, Penis. 
 PATERA DIOGENIS, Palm. 
 PATHEMA, Affection, Disease. 
 PATHEMATOLOGY, Pathology. 
 VATHET'IG, Pathet'icu8,{rom iradeiv, 'to feel.' 
 That which moves the passions. A name given 
 to the superior oblique muscle of the eye, and, 
 also, to a nerve. 
 
 Pathetic Muscle, Oblique superior of the eye. 
 Pathetic Nerve, Nerviis Pathet'icus, N. tro- 
 chlea'ris seu trocMeato'rius seu trochlea' tor, the 
 4:th pair of nerves, (F.) Oculo-musculaire interne 
 (Ch.,) Nerf pathetique, is the smallest encephalic 
 nerve. It arises behind the inferior part of the 
 tubercula quadrigemina [testes) at the lateral 
 parts of the valvula Vieussenii. Its roots unite 
 into one thin round cord, which makes a turn 
 upon the peduncles of the bi'ain, and passes into 
 a canal of the dura mater near the posterior cli- 
 noid process. It enters the orbit by the broadest 
 part of the sphenoidal fissure, and terminates in 
 the superior oblique muscle of the eye, by divi- 
 ding into several filaments. 
 
 PATHETISM, Magnetism, animal. 
 PATHIC, Morbid. 
 PATHICAL, Morbid. 
 PATHICUS, Morbid. 
 PATHNE, Alveolus. 
 
 PATHOGENET'IC, Pathogenet'icus, Patho- 
 gen'ieus. Same etymon as the next. Relating 
 to pathogeny. 
 
 Pathogenetic PHYsTfOLOGY, Physiolog''ia ^ja- 
 ihogcnet'ica. That part of physiology which re- 
 lates to the origin of disease. 
 
 PATHOGENICUS, Pathogenetic. 
 PATHOG"ENY, Pathogcn'ia, Nosogen'esis, 
 Nosogen'ia, from Ta^og, 'a disease,' and ysvto-tf, 
 'generation.' The branch of pathology which 
 relates to the generation, production and develop- 
 ment of disease. 
 
 PATHOGNOMON'IC, Pathognomon'iens, Sig- 
 vuni conjunc'turn seu characteris'ticum seu morbi 
 essentia' le ; from Tra^oj, ' an affection,' and yi- 
 voaKti), ' I know.' A characteristic si/mptom of a 
 disease. 
 
 PATHOG'RAPHY, Pathograph'irr, from jra- 
 &0S, 'disease,' and ypacpoi, 'I describe.' A de- 
 scription of disease. 
 
 PATHOLOGIA, Pathology — p. Humoralis, 
 Iluiriorism — p. Solidaris, Solidism. 
 
 PATHOLOG"ICAL, Patholog"icus, Pathol'o- 
 
 gns ; same etymon as pathologj'-. Relating to 
 
 pathology. Often used in the sense of pathical. 
 
 Pathological Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
 
 PATHOL'OGIST, Pathol' ogus. Same etymon. 
 
 One versed in pathology. 
 
 YA.1llOh'OGY,.Pathematol'ogy, Patliolog"ia, 
 Pathematolog" ia, Patholog"ice, from waSo;, ' a 
 disease,' and \oyos, 'a discourse.' The branch 
 of medicine whose object is the knowledge erf dis- 
 ease. It has been defined diseased ])!iysiologi/, 
 and physiology of disease. It is divided into ge- 
 neral and special. The first considers diseases 
 iu common; — the second, the particular history 
 
 of each. It is subdivided into internal and ea;- 
 ternal, or medical and surgical. 
 Pathology, Humoral, Humorism. 
 PATHOMA'NIA, Purapathi'a, Moral Insa- 
 nity, from 7ra-5of, 'a disease,' and mania. Ila'nia 
 sine Delir'io. A morbid perversion of the natu- 
 ral feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, ha- 
 bits, moral disposition, and natural impulses, 
 without any remarkable disorder or defect of the 
 intellect or knowing and reasoning faculties, and 
 particularly without any insanity or halluci- 
 nation. 
 
 PATHOMYOTOM'IA ; from Trafiof, ' affection,' 
 jivg or jiviav, 'muscle,' and tojit], 'incision.' The 
 title of a work by Dr. John Bulwer (1649), being 
 "a dissection of the significative muscles of the ^ 
 affections of the mind," 
 
 PATHOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 PATHOS, Affection, Disease. 
 PATIENCE, Rumex patientia — p. d'Eai(, 
 Rumex hydrolopathum — p. Garden, Rumex pa- 
 tientia — pi- Hovge, Rumex sanguineus — p. Sau- 
 vac/e, Rumex acutus. 
 PATIENT, see Sick. 
 PATIENTIA, Rumex patientia. 
 PATIENTIA MUSCULUS, Levator scapula. 
 PATNE, Alveolus. 
 PATOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 PATOR NA'RIUM. The cavity or the open- 
 ing of the nostrils. 
 
 PATRATIO, Ejaculation, (of sperm.) 
 PATTE D'OIE (F.), ' Goose's foot.' An apo- 
 neurotic expansion, which covers the internal 
 surface of the tibia at its upper p^rt, and consists 
 of the expansion formed by the tendons of the 
 sartorius, gracilis, and semi-tendinosus muscles. 
 PATURSA, Syphilis. 
 
 PAU, (CLIMATE OF.) Pau is the capital of 
 the department of the Lower Pyrenees, and is 
 about 150 miles from Bordeaux, and 50 from 
 Bayonne. The climate corresponds with that of 
 the south-west of France generally; its great 
 quality is the comparative mildness of its spring, 
 and exemption from cold winds. It is regarded 
 as a favourable winter residence for invalids la- 
 bouring under chronic affections of the mucous 
 membranes. It is too changeable for the con- 
 sumptive ; and to be avoided by the rheumatic. 
 
 PAULLIN'IA. This is an extract from a plant 
 of the same name in Brazil. It is prepared by 
 the Indians, and appears to possess excitant 
 powers. In Brazil, and the neighbouring coun- 
 tries, it is given in the form of tisane — the pow- 
 der being mixed with cocoa — in diarrhoea and 
 dysentery. It has been employed also as a tonic. 
 An extract is prepared in Brazil from Paidllnia 
 sor'bilis, known there under the name of Gua- 
 rana, which is administered in similar pathologi- 
 cal cases. 
 
 PA UME BE LA MAIN, Palm. 
 PAUNCH, Ingluvies. 
 PAUONTA, Sedatives. 
 PA IIPIERE. Palpebra. 
 
 PAUSIME'NIA, from Traixrij-, 'cessation,' and 
 /iiyvEf, 'menses.' Cessation of the menses. 
 PAVANA WOOD, Croton tiglium. 
 PAVIL'ION. The French give the name/w- 
 villon, to the expanded extremity of a canal or 
 cavity, — -for example, of a catheter, sound, etc. 
 
 Pavilion of the Ear, Awic'ula, Pinna, 
 O'tiiim, Ala, (F.) Avricnle ou Oricide, Pavilion 
 de I'oreillc, is seated behind the cheeks, beneath 
 the temple, and anterior to the mastoid process. 
 Its size varies in individuals. It is free above, 
 behind, and below. Anteriorly and within, it is 
 continuous with the neigbliouring parts. Its 
 outer surface has several prominences, the Helix, 
 
PAVILLON 
 
 619 
 
 PECTORALS 
 
 Antnehx, Tragus, Antitmgun, and Lohe ; and se- 
 veral cavities — tlie groove of ike Helix, the fossa 
 uavicularis seu scaplioides, and the Concha. The 
 skin -wliich covers the pavilion is very fine, and 
 studded with a number of sebaceous follicles. 
 The auricle is fixed to the head by three fibro- 
 areolar ligaments; — a superior, anterior, and 
 2Wsterior. 
 
 PAVILION DE L' OREILLE, Pavilion of 
 the ear — p. de la Trompie, see Tuba Fallopiana. 
 
 PAVIMENTUM CEREBRI, Base of the 
 brain. 
 
 PAVIXA, iEsculus hippocastanum. 
 
 PAVITA'TIO, Tremor; from pavor, ' dread.' 
 Trembling for fright. 
 
 PAVOPHOBIA, Panophobia, 
 
 PAYOR, (L.), Dread. Great fright. Pano- 
 phobia. 
 
 Pavo'res Noctur'ki seu Doeiiien'tiu3i. Fear 
 during sleep. 
 
 PA VO T, Papaver. 
 
 PAW, Manus. 
 
 PAXWAX, see Nucha. 
 
 PAXYWAXY, see Nucha. 
 
 PAZAHAR, Bezoar. 
 
 PEA, Pisum — p. Garden, Pisum — p. Ground 
 Squirrel, Jeffersoniana Bartoni — p. Hoarj'', Galega 
 Virginiana — -p. Love, Abrus preeatorius — p. Nut, 
 Arachis hj'pogea — p. Partridge, Cassia chamce- 
 crista — p. Pisum — p. Turkey, Galega Virginiana. 
 
 PEACH BRANDY, Amygdalus Persica— p. 
 Tree, Amygdalus Persica — p. Wood, see Ceesal- 
 pinia. 
 
 PEAGLE, Primula veris. 
 
 PEAR, see Pyrus malus. 
 
 PEARL, Perla, 31ar'garon, Margari'ta, 3Iar- 
 gel'lium, 3Iarge'lis, U'nio, (P.) Perle. A round- 
 ish concretion of a silvery white colour, and bril- 
 liant polish, found in several shells, and espe- 
 cially in the Avic'ida margaritifera, which has, 
 hence, been called Mater perlarum, Margari'ta, 
 and Mother of pearl, and is much used in the fa- 
 brication of handles for surgical instruments, <fee. 
 Peai'ls were formerly given in powder as astrin- 
 gents and antacids. They consist of lime and an 
 animal matter. 
 
 Pearl Ash, Potash of commerce — p. Mother 
 of, see Pearl — p. White, Bismuth, subuitrate of. 
 
 PEAU, Cutis. 
 
 PEAUOIEIi, Platysma myoides. 
 
 PECAN or PECCAN NUT, see Hickory. 
 
 PECCANT, Peccans, from peccare, 'to sin.' 
 Morbid, not healthy. An epithet given by the 
 humourists to the humours when erring in qua- 
 lity or quantity. See Materia Morbosa. 
 
 ■pECHEDEON, Perina^um. 
 
 PEGHEB, Amygdalus Persica. 
 
 PECHIAGRA, Pechyagra. 
 
 PECHU'RIM seu PICHU'RIM CORTEX. A 
 highly aromatic bark, the produce of a species of 
 laurus. It is extremely fragrant, like that of 
 cinnamon, which it greatly resembles in its pro- 
 perties. In Portugal it is used in the cure of 
 dysentery, &c. See Pichurim beans. 
 
 PECH'YAGRA, Pech'iagra, Ancon'agra, Pec- 
 tihagra, from ~nX"S> ' the elbow,' and aypa, ' a 
 seizure.' Gout affecting the elbow. 
 
 PECHYS, Elbow. 
 
 PECHYTYRBE, Porphyra nautica. 
 
 PECTE, Cheese. 
 
 PECTEN, Pubes. Also, a comb. 
 
 Pecten Dbntium, Sepes dentium — p. Veneris, 
 Scandix eerefolium. 
 
 PEGTIHAGRA, Pechyagra. 
 
 PECTIN, from Trt/crif, 'a coagulum.' A name 
 given by Braconnot to a principle which forms 
 the basis of vegetable jelly. It is extensively 
 
 diffused in the jirieos of pulpy fruits and roots, 
 especially when they are mature ; and occasions 
 these juices to coagulate when they are mixed 
 with alcohol or boiled with sugar. 
 
 It is the basis of one of the classes of elemen- 
 tary principles of Dr. Pereira — the pectinaceous, 
 
 PECTINACEOUS, Pectinous. 
 
 PECTIN A'LIS, from pecten, ' the pubes :' Pec- 
 tinm' us, Mus' cul us Uv'idus, Pectina'tus, (F.)Ptilio~ 
 femoral, Sttspuhio-femoral (Ch.), Pectini. This 
 muscle is situate at the inner and upper part of 
 the thigh. It is long, flat, and triangular ; is at- 
 tached, above, to the space which separates the 
 ileo-pectineal eminence from the spine of the os 
 pubis ; and, below, by a flat tendon, to the ob- 
 lique line which descends from the lesser tro- 
 chanter to the linea aspera. The pectinalis bends 
 the thigh on the pelvis, and carries it outwards in 
 adduction and rotation. It may also bend the 
 pelvis on the thigh. 
 
 PECTINATED, Pectina'tus, Pectin'iform, 
 Pectinate, [F.) Peetine, from pecten, 'a comb.' 
 Having the shape of the teeth of a comb. 
 
 Pectinated Mi:sci,^s, Pectina'ti mus'culi. The 
 fascicular texture observed in the right auricle 
 of the heart: — Jhia'culi Auric'ulcB Pectina'ti. 
 Their main use probably is — to prevent the over 
 dilatation of the auricles. 
 - PECTINATUS, Pectinalis. 
 
 PECTINE, Pectinalis, Pectinated. 
 
 PECTINEUS, Pectinalis. 
 
 PECTINIFORM, Pectinated. 
 
 PECTINOUS, Peetina'ceus, Pectino'sus, Pec- 
 tina'ceous, from pectin. Of or belonging to pec- 
 tin or vegetable jelly, — as a pectinous or pectina- 
 ceous vegetable principle. 
 
 PECTORAL, from pectus, 'the breast.' Re- 
 lating to the breast. See Pectorals. 
 
 PECTORAL; GRAND, Pectoralis major. 
 
 PECTORALE, Corset. 
 
 PECTORALIS INTERNUS, Triangularis 
 sterni. 
 
 Pectora'lis Major, ixoxa pectus, 'the breast.* 
 Pectora'lis, Sterno-cleido-hrachia'lis, (F.) Sterno- 
 costo-clavio-humercd, Sterno-hvmeral (Ch.), Grand 
 Pectoral. A large, flat, triangular muscle, situate 
 at the anterior part of the chest, before the ax- 
 illa. It is attached, on the one hand, by means 
 of aponeurotic fibres, to the inner half of the an- 
 terior edge of the clavicle ; to the anterior surface 
 of the sternum, and to the cartilages of the first 
 six true ribs; — on the other, by a strong tendon, 
 which is inserted at the anterior edge of the bici- 
 pital groove of the humerus. The use of this 
 muscle is, to moA'e the arm in various directions. 
 If it he hanging bythe side of the body, it carries 
 it inwards and a little forwards. When the arm 
 is raised, it depresses it and carries it inwards. 
 It can, also, move it in rotation inwards. If the 
 humerus be raised and fixed, the pectoralis ma- 
 jor draws the trunk towards the upper extremity. 
 
 Pectora'lis Minor, Serra'tus anti'cus minor, 
 (F.) Costo-eoracoidien (Ch.), Petit Pectoral, Petit 
 dentele anterieur. This muscle is situate beneath 
 the preceding, at the anterior and upper part of 
 the chest. It is flat and triangular; is attached 
 by its base, which appears digitated, to the upper 
 edge and outer surface of the 3d, dth, and 6th 
 true ribs, and is inserted at the anterior part ot 
 the coracoid process. The pectoralis minor draws 
 the scapula forwards and downwards, and make^ 
 it execute a rotatory motion, by virtue of which 
 its inferior angle is carried backwards, and the 
 anterior depressed. When the shoulder is fixed, 
 it elevates the ribs to which it is attached, and 
 aids in the dilatation of the chest. 
 
 PECTORALS, Pectora'lia, Thorac'Hca. Me- 
 
PECTORILOQUE 
 
 650 
 
 PELARGONIUM 
 
 ^iciaes considered proper for relieving or remo- 
 ving affections of the chest. 
 
 Pectoral Drops, Bateman's, consist chiefly 
 d tincture of castor, Tvith some camphor and opi- 
 um, flavoured by aniseed. Gray gives the follow- 
 ing formula: Castor, ^j ; ol. anisi, ^y, camph. 
 ^Y ; cocci, ^iss ; opii, ^vj ; proof spirit, a gallon. 
 
 A form, advised by a committee of the Phila- 
 delphia College of Pharmacy, is the following : — 
 Alcohol, dil. cong. iv ; Santal. rubr. ras, ^j ; di- 
 gere per boras xxiv; cola, et adde Pidv. opii, 
 Pulv. catechu, Camphora, aa ^ij; 01. anisi, ^lY. 
 Digest for ten days. 
 
 PECTORILOQUE, from pectus, 'the chest,' 
 and loqui, ' to speak.' Laennec calls thus one 
 who presents the phenomenon of Pectoriloquism. 
 Also, a stethoscope. 
 
 PECTORILOQUIE, Pectoriloquy— ^j. Chev- 
 rotanfe, Egophony. 
 
 PECTORILOQUY, Pectoriroquis)n, Cav'ernoua 
 voice, Pectorilo'qnia, (F.) Pectoriloquie, Voix ca- 
 verneuse, Y. articnlee. Same etymon. Speech 
 or voice coming from the chest. Laennec has 
 designated, by this name, the phenomenon often 
 presented by consumptive individuals, when their 
 chests are examined with the stethoscope. The 
 voice seems to issue directly from the chest, and 
 to pass through the central canal of the cylinder, 
 — a phenomenon owing to the voice resounding 
 in the anfractuous cavities, produced in the lungs 
 by the suppuration or breaking down of tuber- 
 cles, which constitute alscesses or ulcers of the 
 lungs. 
 
 PECTUS, Sternum, Thorax — p. Carinatum, 
 Bee Carina. 
 
 PECULIUM, Penis. 
 
 PEDAGPuA, PotassEe supertartras impurus. 
 
 PEDAL, Peda'lis, from pes, pi^dis, 'the foot., 
 Relating to the foot : — as 
 
 Pedal Aponeuro'sis, CF.) Aponevrose pedieuse. 
 A thin, aponeurotic layer, which invests the ex- 
 tensor brevis digitorum pedis, and separates the 
 tendons of the foot from each other. 
 
 PEDES, Genital Organs. 
 
 PEDESIS, Pulsation. 
 
 PEDETHMOS, Pulsation. 
 
 PEDIAL'GIA, Pedional'f/ia, Pedioneural'gia, 
 from TTtitov, 'the sole of the foot,' and a'Syo;, 
 'pain.' Pain in the sole of the foot. Neuralgia 
 of the foot \n general. 
 
 PEDICLE, VITELLINE, see Vesieula umbi- 
 licalis. 
 
 PEDICULARTA, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 PEDICULATIO, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 PEDIC'ULUS, Phtheir, the Louse, (F.) Pou. 
 A genus of parasitic insects. The human body 
 is infested with three kinds : the Body-louse, or 
 Clothes-louse. Pedic'idus vestimen'ti, (F.) Pou de 
 corps; the Head-louse, Pedic'idus caj^itis, (F.) 
 Pou de la tete, which lives in the hair; the 
 Crab-louse, Ilor'pio, Fera'lis pedic'ulus, Plat'ula, 
 Phthi'rins inguina'lis, Pedic'ulus Pubis, (F.) Mor- 
 pion, which infests the hair of the pubes. Infu- 
 sion of tobacco, or mercurial ointment, or oint- 
 ment of white precipitate of mercury, or the white 
 or red precipitate of mercury, rearJily destroys 
 them. The louse occurring in phtheiriasis, pedic'- 
 ulus tabescen'tiutn, differs from the common louse. 
 — Vogel 
 
 Pediculus Capitis, see Pediculus — p. Pubis, 
 Crab-louse — p. Tabescentium, see Pediculus — p. 
 Vestimenti, see Pediculus. 
 
 PEDICURE, Chiropodist. 
 
 PEDICUS, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
 
 PEDfEUX (muscle), Extensor brevis digito- 
 rum pedis. 
 
 PEDIG4MBRA, Tsambra. 
 
 PEDILU'VIUM, from pedes, 'the feet,' and 
 lavo, 'I wash.' Lavipe' diuni, (F.) Bain de pied. 
 A bath for the feet. See Bath. 
 
 PEDION, Sole. 
 
 PEDIONALGIA, Pedialgia. 
 
 PEDIONEURALGIA, Pedialgia. 
 
 PEDIUM, Tarsus. 
 
 PEDONCULES BU CERVELET, Corpora 
 rcstiformia. 
 
 PEDORA. The sordes of the eyes, ears, and 
 feet. 
 
 PED'UNCLE, Pedun'cidus. This term has 
 been applied to different prolongations or appen- 
 dices of the encephalon, from pi^s, piedis, ' a foot.' 
 Thus, the Peduncles of the brain are the Crura 
 cerebri; the Peduncles of the cerebel'lum, the 
 Crura cerebelli. 
 
 Peduncles of the Brain, Pedun'cul! cer'ebri, 
 called, also, Crura anterio'ra medul'lce oblonya'tm, 
 are two white cords, about fths of an inch in 
 diameter, on the outside of the corpora albicantia. 
 They arise from the medullary substance of the 
 brain, and gradually approach, till they join the 
 tuber annulare. They are formed, internally, of 
 a mixture of cineritious and medullary matter ; 
 the former of which, being of a darlier colour at 
 one part than in any other part of the brain, 
 has been called Locus niyer crurum cerebri. 
 
 Peduncles of the Cerebellum, Pedun'culi 
 cerebel'U, called, also. Crura posterio'ra, are six 
 in number, tliree on each side — a superior, a 
 middle, and an inferior. The superior peduncles 
 are generally known as the Processus cerehelli 
 ad testes. Crura cerebel'U ad cor'jiora quadrigem'- 
 ina, Bra'chia copulati'va ; the inferior are the 
 Processus cerebelli ad 7nedullani oblongatam ; and 
 the middle are called, also, Cerebel'lar pied' uncles 
 — Proces' BUS seu Crura cerebel'U ad pontem, Bra'- 
 chia 2}ontis. 
 
 Peduncles, Inferior op the Cerebelluw, 
 Corpora restiformia— p. of the Medulla Oblongata, 
 Corpora restiformia. 
 
 Peduncles op the Pineal Gland are two 
 medullary bands or strips, which seem to issue 
 from the pineal gland, and proceed on each side 
 upon the upper and inner region of the optic 
 thalami. 
 
 Pedunculi Cerebelli, Peduncles of the Cere- 
 bellum — p. Cerebri, Peduncles of the Brain — p. 
 Medullfe Oblongataj, Corpora restiformia. 
 
 PEDUNCULUS, Peduncle. 
 
 PEGA, Canthus (lesser). 
 
 PEGANEL^ffiON, Oleum ruta'ceum, O'leum 
 rutcB, from nzyavov, 'rue.' Oil of Rue. 
 
 PEGANUM, Ruta. 
 
 PEINE. Hunger. 
 
 PEINOTHERAPIA, Limotherapeia. 
 
 PEIRA, Effort, Experience, Nisus. 
 
 PELADA. A word of uncertain origin, ap- 
 plied to alopecia, especially to that resulting from 
 syphilis. 
 
 PELA'GIA. "A kind of scaly erysipelas of the 
 hands — sometimes of the legs, at others, of the 
 face. Pellagra.(?) 
 
 PELAGRA, Pellagra. 
 
 PELARGO'NIUM ANCEPS, Peris'tera an- 
 ceps. A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Gera- 
 niacere ; tlie decoction of which is used by the 
 Malays in amenorrhoea, and to promote parturi- 
 tion and abortion. 
 
 Pelargonium Antidysenter'icum. Jenln'nso'- 
 nia aniidi/senter'ica. This South African plant i3 
 used by the natives in dysentery. It is boiled in 
 milk. 
 
 Pelargo'nium Cuculla'tum. Common along 
 the side of the Table Mountain. It has been re- 
 commended in decoction as an enema in colic, 
 nephritis, and suppression of urine. It is an es- 
 
PELICAN 
 
 651 
 
 PELVIS 
 
 cel"i}nt emollient, and was formerly exported to 
 Hoildnd under the name Herha Althcsa. 
 
 Pelargo'nium Triste, Pohjac'tinm trixte. The 
 root of this plant, which grows at the Cape of 
 Good Hope, is somewhat astringent, and is used 
 there in diarrhoea and dysentery, and as an an- 
 thelmintic. 
 
 PEL'ICAN, Pelica'nus, Peleca'nvs, PeVecan, 
 Pel'ecas. An instrument, curved at the end like 
 the beak of a pelican. Its use is to extract teeth. 
 
 PELICIDE, Pelu'de, Mel coot am. Boiled 
 houev. — Pi,uland and Johnson. 
 
 PELICOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
 
 PELIDNOMA, Ecchymoma, Pelioma. 
 
 PELIO'MA, Pelidno'mn, from vt\oi, 'black.' 
 A livid ecchymosis. — Eorestus. See Ecchymoma. 
 
 PELIOSE, Purpura. 
 
 PELIOSIS, Purpura hasmorrhagica — p. Rheu- 
 matiea, see Purpura simplex. 
 
 PELLA, Cutis, Prepuce. 
 
 PEL'LAGRA, Pel'agra, Ichthyo'sis Pellagra, 
 Eleplianti' asis Ital'ica, Tuler Pellagra, Lepra 
 Mediolanen' sis, L. Lombard' ica, Scorhu'tus alpi'- 
 nus, 3Ia'nia pella'gn'n, Erythe'ma endem' icum seu 
 j)el'lagrum, Insolazione de Primavera, Mai del 
 Sole, Dermat'agra, Erysip'elas period' ica nervo'- 
 ta chron'ica, Mai de misere, Paral'ysis scorhu'tica. 
 Scurvy of the Alps, Impeti'go Pellagra, (¥.) Scor- 
 hut des Alpes ; from 7r£XXa,(?) .' skin,' and ay^a, 
 'seizure.' A disease, particularly noticed among 
 the Milanese, which consists in the skin becoming 
 covered with wrinkles, and assuming a scaly ap- 
 pearance, especially in the parts exposed to the 
 air. The strength diminishes, the intellectual 
 faculties and sensations bacome obscure, and 
 cramps, convulsions, and other lesions of mus- 
 cular contractility supervene. It is a singular 
 endemic affection, and has been supposed to fol- 
 low every where the introduction of Indian corn : 
 hence the name Rapiha'nia ma'iz'tica, given to it 
 by some of the Italian physicians. 
 
 PELLENS, from. jyellere, 'to drive.' Driving; 
 impelling. 
 
 Pellen'tia MedicAmex'ta are medicines that 
 promote the occurrence of the menstrual or he- 
 morrhoidal flux. 
 
 PELLICULA SUMMA, Epidermis — p. Su- 
 perior, Epidermis. 
 
 PELLICULiE CORDIS, Ostiola cordis. 
 
 PELLIS, Cutis — p. Summa, Epidermis. 
 
 PELLITORY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum— p. 
 American, Parietaria Pennsylvanica— p. Bastard, 
 Achillea ptarmica — p. of Spain, Anttemis pyre- 
 thrum — p. Wall, Parietaria. 
 
 PELM' A, Sole. 
 
 PELOR, Monster. 
 
 PELORIA, Monster. 
 
 PELORIUM, Monster. 
 
 PELORUM, Monster. 
 
 PELOTE DE 3IER, Pila marina. 
 PELTALIS seu PELTATUS CARTILAGO, 
 Thvroid cartilage. Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 PELTAN'DRA VIRGIIST'ICA, Arnm Virgin'- 
 icum, Lecon'tia, RensselcB'ria, Arroio Arum, Ta- 
 raho, Wampee ; indigenous; of the Occ/er Araeese. 
 The fresh roots and seeds are acrid stimulants, 
 like Arum. 
 
 PELTIDEA AMPLISSIMA, Lichen eaninus 
 , — p. Canina, Lichen eaninus — p. Leucorrhiza, 
 Lichen eaninus — p. Malacea, Lichen eaninus — 
 p. Spuria, Lichen eaninus. 
 
 PELTIGERA CANINA, Lichen eaninus. 
 PELUDE, Pelicide. 
 
 PELVIC, Pel'vicus, Pelvi'nus. Belonging or 
 relating to the pelvis. 
 
 ■ Pelvic Aponeurosis, ('F.)Aponevrosepelvienne. 
 A tendinous lamina, given off from the sides of the 
 pelvis, and from the entire circumfereuce of the 
 
 brim, which passes into and lines the pelvis, and 
 is soon divided into two distinct layers; — one 
 external, the lateral pelvic or obturator fascia-, 
 which continues to line the sides of the pelvis, 
 and covers the obturator internus muscle; the 
 other, internal or superior, which passes inwards 
 upon the side of the prostate, bladder, and rec- 
 tum in the male, and of the bladder, vagina, and 
 rectum in the female, in order to form the floor 
 of the pelvis. 
 
 Pelvic Catity,' (F.) Cavite polvienne. The 
 cavity of the pelvis. 
 
 Pelvic Members. The lower extremities. 
 
 Pelvic Surface of the Il'ium. That which 
 faces the pelvic cavity. 
 
 PELVICULA OCULI, Orbit. 
 
 PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN, Pehi-trochan- 
 teria'nus. That which relates to the pelvis and 
 great trochanter. The Pelvi-trochante'rian region 
 is formed by the muscles — pyramidalis, two obtu- 
 rators, gemini, and quadratus femoris, which pass 
 from the pelvis to the digital cavity of the great 
 trochanter. 
 
 'P'ELYlM''ET'E^,Pelycom'eter,Pelyo7n'eter,Pe^ 
 licom'eter, Pyelom'eter, from pelvis, and ftcrpov, 
 'a measure.' A barbarous hybrid. This name 
 has been given to different instruments, invented 
 for measuring the diameters of the pelvis, and 
 particularly the antero-posterior or fore-and-aft 
 diameter of the brim. Two have been chiefly 
 emploj'ed, especially by French practitioners: — 
 the Comjias d'epaisseur, and the Pelvimeter of 
 Coutouly. 1. The Compas d'epaisseur or Cal'- 
 lipera of Baudelocque, is formed like a pair of 
 compasses — with blunt extremities — the branches 
 of which can be moved at will. One of these is 
 applied to the symphysis pubis, and the other on 
 the sacrum. About three inches must be de- 
 ducted from this measurement for the thickness 
 of the mons veneris, pubis, and the base of the 
 sacrum. 2. The Pelvimeter of Coutouly resem- 
 bles the instruments used by shoemakers for 
 measuring the length of the foot. The two 
 branches are introduced, in a state of approxima- 
 tion, into the vagina; and then separated, so 
 that one touches the promontory of the sacrum, 
 the other comes behind the os pubis. It is a 
 barbarous contrivance, and its introduction ought 
 never to be attempted on the living subject. It 
 does not, indeed, seem possible to introduce it 
 without mischief. 
 
 The finger is, decidedly, the best pelvimeter, 
 and by it we can judge whether the base of the 
 sacrum be unusually prominent. Measurement 
 of the pelvis by the hand has been called Pely- 
 cocliirometre'sis; from ttcXv^, 'the pelvis,' ;\;£ip, 
 ' the hand,' and fterpov, ' measure.' 
 
 PELVIS, Cho'ana, Py'elos, (F.) Eassin ; so 
 called, because fancied to be shaped like an 
 ancient basin. The part of the trunk which 
 bounds the abdomen below. It is a large, bony, 
 irregular, canoidal cavity, — open above and be- 
 low, — which supports and contains a part of the 
 intestines, and the urinary and genital organs ; 
 and serves, at the same time, as a fixed point for 
 the articulation of the lower limbs, the attach- 
 ment of their muscles, and the execution of their 
 movements. The pelvis supports, behind, the 
 vertebral column, and is sustained, before, by the 
 ossa femorum. It is situate, in the adult, near 
 the middle part of the body, and is composed of 
 four broad, flat, unequally thick bones, difiFerinj: 
 much in their shape, size, and arrangement, whicn 
 touch, are articulated at some part of their sur- 
 face, and intimately united by means of a number 
 of ligamentous fascise. Of these bones, two are 
 behind, on the median line, — the sacrum and 
 the coccyx; the two others are before and at tho 
 
PELTCOMETER 
 
 652 
 
 PENXATUS 
 
 sides, — the ilia. They are fellows, and unite, 
 before, with each other. The most important 
 parts of the pelvis, in an obstetrical point of view, 
 are the brim and the outlet. The Bniir, 'Angus' tia 
 abdomiiin'lis, Intro'itus, Apevtu'r a pelvis stipe' rior, 
 Upper Opening or strait of the Cavity of the Pel- 
 vis, (F.) Detroit supirieur, D. abdominal, is the 
 narrow part which separates the greater pelvis 
 from the less — the/afee from the true. Pelvis vera 
 seu minor. In the well-formed woman it is ellip- 
 tical, and slightly inclined forwards. Its antero- 
 posterior or sacro-pubic diameter, in a standard 
 pelvis, measures 4J inches, but with the soft parts, 
 3f inches ; its transverse or iliac or lateral, bi 
 inches, but with the soft parts 4 inches ; and its 
 oblique with the soft parts, 4f inches. The Out- 
 let, Ex'itus, Inferior opening or strait, Angus' tia 
 perinma'lis, (F.) Detroit inferieur, D. perineal, 
 forms the lower aperture of the pelvis. The 
 antero-posterior diameter is here, on account of 
 the mobility of the coccyx, 5 inches : the lateral, 
 4 inches. The Axis of the Peltis is important 
 to be known in obstetrics. The Axis of the Brim 
 is indicated by a straight line drawn from the 
 umbilicus to the apex of the coccyx ; — the Axis 
 of the Outlet by a line drawn from the first bone 
 of the sacrum to the entrance of the vagina. An 
 imaginary curved line which indicates the direc- 
 tion of 'the canal of the pelvis, has occasionally 
 been termed the curve of Cams, in consequence 
 of its having been pointedly described by the 
 German obstetrician. 
 
 Pelvis Aueium, Cochlea — p. Cerebri, Infundi- 
 bulum of the brain. 
 
 Pelvis of the Kid>"et, Pelvis rena'Us seu 
 renum, Sinus, Venter seu Alvus Benum, (F.) Bas- 
 sinet. This is a small, membranous pouch, occu- 
 pying the posterior part of the fissure of the 
 kidney. It is placed behind the rtnal artery 
 and vein ; is elongated from above to below ; 
 flattened from before to behind ; irregularly oval 
 in figure ; and, below, contracts considerably, to 
 be continuous with the ureter. It receives the 
 orifices of the infundibula, which pour the urine 
 secreted in the kidney into its cavity. 
 
 Pelvis Mi!^or, Pelvis — p. Ocularis, Seaphium 
 oeulare — p. E,enalis, Pelvis of the kidney — p. 
 Kenum, Pelvis of the kidney — p. Vera, Pelvis. 
 PELYCOMETEK, Pelvimeter. 
 PELYOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
 PEMMICAN. Meat cured, pounded, and 
 mixed with fat. It has been much used as nutri- 
 ment on long overland journeys. 
 
 PEM'PHIGUS, Emphly'sis Pem'phigus, Pom'- 
 phohjx, from ir£;i(/it|', 'a blister;' Febris bulla' sa, 
 vesicida'ris, ampullo' sa sen pemphigo'des seu pem- 
 phingo'des, Exanthe'ma serosum, Morta, Pem'- 
 phigus viorta. Pemphigus Helveticus, Pemphigus 
 major, Pemphigus minor, Morbus bullosus seu ve- 
 alcula.'rHs seu ampulla'ceus, Pem'phinx, Pemphix, 
 Pemphyx, Typhus vesicula'ris, Vesic'ular Fever, 
 Bladdery Fever, (F.) Fievre bidleuse, F. Vesicu- 
 Inire. A disease, defined to consist of vesicles, 
 scattered over the body; transparent, filbert-sized, 
 with a red, inflamed edge, but without surround- 
 ing blush or tumefaction ; on breaking, disposed 
 to ulcerate ; fluid, pellucid or slightly coloured ; 
 fever, typhous. It is doubtful whether any such 
 idiop.'ithic fever have ever existed: the proba- 
 bility is, that the fever and vesications have been 
 an accidental complication. Cullen thinks the 
 Pemphigus Helveticus must have been malignant 
 Bore throat. If, however, such a distinct disease 
 did exist, it was probably only as an endemieo- 
 epidemic. 
 
 Pkmphig % TTuNGARicrs, see Anthrax — p. 
 Ala.ior, PerT-»'higus — p. Minor, Pemphigus — p. 
 Morta, Pemphigus — p Yariolodes, see Varicella. 
 
 PEMPHINX, Pemphigus. 
 PEMPHIX, Pemphigus. 
 PEMPHYX, Pemphigus. 
 PEMPT^A FEBRIS, Quintan. 
 PENiEA MUCRONATA, see SarcocoUa — p. 
 Sareocolla, SarcocoUa. 
 
 PENCIL -LIKE PROCESSES, Styloid pro- 
 
 PENDULOUS ABDOMEN, Physconia. 
 
 PENDULUM PAL ATI, Velum pendulum 
 palati. 
 
 PEN'ETRATING, Pen'etrans, from penetrare, 
 (penitus intrare,) 'to go into.' A wound is so 
 called which penetrates one of the great splanchnic 
 cavities — Vulniis penetrans. 
 
 A medicine is, also, so called, which is supposed 
 to pass through the pores, and stimulate. 
 
 PENICILLUM, Compress, Penicillus. 
 
 PENICIL'LUS, Penicill'mn, 'a, painters 
 brush;' diminutive oi pienis, 'a tail.' A tent or 
 pledget. The secreting glandiform extremities 
 of the vense portee, {Ac"ini lilio'si) have been 
 so termed, as well as the villous textures. 
 
 Penicillus, Tent. 
 
 PENICULUM, Compress. 
 
 PENICULUS, Tent. 
 
 PENIDES, Saeeharum hordeatum. 
 
 PENID'IUM, Penidium sacchara' turn . A kind 
 of clarified sugar, made up into rolls. Barley 
 sugar. It is demulcent; see Saeeharum horde- 
 atum. 
 
 PENIL, Mons veneris. 
 
 PENIS, 'a tail,' from pendere, 'to hang down;' 
 Caidis, Coles, Caules, Caulos, Men'tula, llenta, 
 Phall'us, Posthe, Pros'thium, Crithe, Cor'yne, Vo- 
 mer, Pater om'nium viven'tium, Pria'pus, Virga, 
 V. viri'lis, V. genita'lis, Vere'trvm, Sathe, Jlem- 
 brum viri'le, Ilembrum, Verbiis, Viri'le, Pars Vi- 
 ri'lis, Membrinn seminale seu genitale viro'rum, 
 Morion, Cyon, Sic'ula, Tentum, Hasta, H. nujjtia'- 
 lis, H. viri'lis, Vas, Vas'culum, Pecu'lium, Vir'- 
 gula, Vir, Thyrsus, Tensus, Clavus, Cauda sala.r, 
 Cauda, Fas' cinum, F. viri'le, Muto, Nervus, N. 
 fistiilo'sns sou fistida'ris seu juveni'lis, Per'tica 
 per se, Scapus, Leco, Cureu'lio, Vena, Contus, Te- 
 lum, Gurgu'lio, Sceptrum, Arma, Gla'dius, Lu'- 
 hrienm Cajyut, Muti'mts, Palus, Pes'sulus, Badix, 
 Bamus, Butab'idum, Arma Ventris, Columna ad- 
 stans inguin'ibus, Columna, Pyr'amis, Trabs, 
 Spina, Catapulta viri'lis, Veipa, Machce'ra, Tau- 
 rus ; the Yard, Male organ, &e. (F.) Verge, 
 Membre viril. This organ, the use of which is 
 to carry the seminal fluid into the female organs 
 of generation, is cylindroid, long, and erectile, 
 and situate before and beneath the symphysis 
 pubis. In the ordinary state, it is soft and pen- 
 dent in front of the scrotum. During erection, 
 it becomes elongated, upright, and assumes a 
 triangular shape. Its upper surface is called the 
 Dorsum j^enis, (F.) Dos de la verge ; and, at its 
 anterior surface, there is a longitudinal projection 
 formed by the canal of the urethra. The two 
 sides of the penis are round, and its posterior 
 extremity or root is attached to the pelvis. Its 
 anterior extremity is free, and presents the glans, 
 prepuce, and orifice of the urethra. The penis is 
 formed of the corpora cavernosa, the principal 
 seat of erection; the corpus spongiosum of the 
 urethra for the conveyance of the urine and 
 sperm, and of the glans, which terminates the 
 canal. The Arteries of the penis are branches 
 of the internal pudie. The Veins correspond 
 with the arteries. The Nerves are from the in- 
 ternal pudic. 
 
 Penis Cerebri, Pineal gland — p. Femineus, 
 Clitoris — p. Lipodermus, Paraphimosis — p. AIu« 
 liebris. Clitoris. 
 
 PENNATUS, Penniform. 
 
PENXIFORM 
 
 653 
 
 PEEFORAJTS 
 
 PEN'iSriFORM, Penmfor'mis, Penna'tus, from 
 penna, 'a pen,' and /ormn, 'form.' An epithet 
 for muscles whose fleshy fibres are inserted on 
 each side of a middle tendon, like the feathers of 
 a pen on their common stalk. 
 PENNYCRESS, Thlaspi. 
 PENNYROYAL, Mentha pulegium, Iledeoma 
 pulea;ioides — p. Hart's, Mentha cervina. 
 PENSACOLA, see Saint Augustine. 
 PENSEE, Viola tricolor — _p. Sauvage, Viola 
 tricolor. 
 PENSILIA, Pudibilia. 
 
 PENTAMY'RON, Pentamm'ron, from -KtvTt, 
 'five,' and jxvpov, 'ointment.' An ancient oint- 
 ment, consisting of five ingredients. These are 
 said to have been — storax, mastich, "wax, opo- 
 balsam, and unguentum nardinum. — Paulus, and 
 Aetius. 
 
 PENTAPHAR'MACON, from -atvTt, 'five,' 
 and (f>apiJLaKov, ' remedy.' Any medicine consist- 
 ing of five ingredients. 
 
 PENTAPHYLLUM, Potentilla reptans. 
 PEN'TATEUCH, (SURGICAL,) Pentateu'- 
 clnis, from -KtvTz, 'five,' and revxos, 'a book,' 
 which signifies the five books of Moses — Genesis, 
 Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. 
 By analogy, some surgeons have given the name 
 Surgical Pentateuch to the division of external 
 diseases into five classes: — wounds, ulcers, tu- 
 mours, luxations, and fractures. 
 
 PENTATH'ETUM, from ttcvts, 'five,' and 
 TtBtvai, 'to place.' An ancient plaster consisting 
 of five ingredients. 
 PENULA, Ingluvies. 
 
 PENZANCE, CLIMATE OF. This is, the 
 chief residence of invalids in Cornwall, England, 
 during the winter. It is situated on Mount's 
 Bay, about ten miles from the Land's End. It is 
 6A° warmer in winter than London ; 2° colder in 
 Summer; scarcely 1° warmer in the spring, and 
 only about 2h° warmer in the autumn. It is a 
 very favourable winter residence for the phthisical 
 invalid. 
 
 PEONY, Pasonia. 
 PEPANSIS, Coction, Maturation, 
 PEPANTICOS, Maturative. 
 PEPASMOS, Coction, Maturation. 
 PEPAS'TIC, Pepas'ticus, from Trtratvu, 'I con- 
 coct.' A medicine supposed to have the power 
 of favouring the concoction of diseases. Matu- 
 rative. 
 
 PEPEIRUS, Concocted. 
 
 PEPINO, (S.) A cucurhitacea, which is culti- 
 vated in great abundance in the fields of Peru. 
 The pulp or edible part is solid, juicy, and well 
 flavoured; but is apt to disagree. 
 
 PEPO, Cucurbita pepo — p. Lagenarius, Cucur- 
 bita lagenaria — p. Vulgaris, Cu.curbita pepo. 
 
 PEPPER, BLACK, Piper nigrum— p. Cayenne, 
 Capsicum annuum — p. Cubeb, Piper cubeba — p. 
 guinea. Capsicum annuum — p. Jamaica, Myrtus 
 Pimento — p. Long, Piper longum — p. Poor-man's, 
 Polygonum hydropiper — p. Tailed, Piper cubeba 
 — p. Turnip, Arum triphyllum — p. "Water, Poly- 
 gonum hydropiper — p. Water, of America, Poly- 
 gonum punctatum — p. Wall, Sedum — p. White, 
 Piper album. 
 
 PEPPERWORT, Lepidium. 
 PEPSIN, Peps'inwn, Chy'mosin, Gas'terase, 
 Diges'tive Prin'ciple, from irt^ig, 'coction.' A 
 peculiar organic matter, which in combination 
 with the gastric acids, is considered to form the 
 proper digestive solvent. Its chemical constitu- 
 tion is unknown. It would appear that its pre- 
 sence is necessary to induce changes in the ele- 
 ments of the food, which may enaljle the gastric 
 acids tc act upon them so as to form chyme. 
 
 PEPSINUM, Pepsin. 
 
 PEPSIS, Coction, Digestion. 
 
 PEPTIC, Pep'ticus, from irtTrru, ' I ripen.' Aa 
 agent that promotes digestion, or is digestive. 
 Also, applied adjectively to an article of food th^t 
 is easy of digestion. 
 
 Peptic Persuader, see Pilulae aloes et Kinsa 
 Kinse. 
 
 PERACUTUS, Catoxys. 
 
 PERARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis. 
 
 PERATODYNIA, Cardialgia, 
 
 PERCE-CRANE, Perforator. 
 
 PERCE-FEUILLE, Bupleurum rotundifo- 
 lium. 
 
 PERCE-3fOUSSE, Polytrichum. 
 
 PERCE-PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum. 
 
 PERCEP'TA, from percipere, 'to perceive,' 
 'receive.' A word used by some writers on hy- 
 giene to indicate, in a general manner, the eflects 
 of the nervous action on the animal economy ; in 
 other words, the sensations, the functions of the 
 mind, and their deterioration or privation. 
 
 PERCEP'TION, Percep'tio. The appreciation 
 which the brain has of an impression made upon 
 an organ of sense. 
 
 PERCEPTIVITY. Same etymon. The power 
 of perception. 
 
 PERCOLATIO, Filtrafion, Percolation. 
 
 PERCOLA'TION, Percola'tio, from percolare, 
 {per and colare,) 'to strain through.' The terms 
 percolation and displacement are applied in phar- 
 macy to an operation which consists in placing 
 any substance, the virtues of which have to be 
 extracted by a menstruum, in a funnel-shaped in- 
 strument, having a septum perforated with holes, 
 or its tube stuffed with cotton or tow, and pour- 
 iDg fresh portions of the menstruum upon it until 
 all its virtues have been extracted. The opera- 
 tion is used in the formation of certain infusions, 
 extracts, tinctures, &c. 
 
 An instrument used for this purpose is called a 
 displacer or per' colator. 
 
 PERCOLATOR, see Percolation. 
 
 PERCUSS. Percu'tere, (F.) Percufer, Frap- 
 per. Same etymon as the next. To strike upon 
 with the view of appreciating the resulting sound. 
 To practise percussion. 
 
 PERCUS'SION, Epicrou'sis, Percus'sio, from 
 percutere, {per, and quatere,) ' to strike.' When 
 immediate or direct percussion is made on the 
 chest or abdomen, the more or less perfect reso- 
 nance is an index of the state of the contained 
 organs ; and the physician is thus aided in his 
 diagnosis. For this purpose the chest may be 
 struck with the fingers, gathered into a bundle, 
 and their tips placed upon a level. It is better, 
 however, to employ mediate percussion, which 
 consists in interposing, between the point of the 
 fingers and the chest, the finger of the other 
 hand, or a Plexitn'eter, and striking this instead 
 of the naked chest. 
 
 Percussion, Auscultatory, see Acouophonia, 
 
 PER CUTER, Percuss. 
 
 PER CUTE UB COURBE A MARTEAU, 
 (F.) An instrument used by Baron Heurteloup 
 in the operation of lithotomy, in which a ham- 
 mer is employed instead of a screw, to force to- 
 gether the blades of the instrument on the foreign 
 body. 
 
 PERDO'NIUM. A medicated wine of herbs. 
 — Paracelsus. 
 
 PERETERIUM, Trepan. 
 
 PERETORIUM, Trepan. 
 
 PER'FORANS, from perforarc, {per, and /o- 
 rare,) 'to bore through.' A name given to diffe- 
 rent muscles, whose tendons piiss through inter- 
 vals between the fibres or tendons' of otter mus- 
 cles ; thence called j^erforated. oee Flexes 
 
PERFORATED 
 
 654 
 
 PERICARDIUM 
 
 Longus Digitorum, &c. Under the name Per'- 
 fnrating Ar'teries, are included, 1. In the hand — 
 arterial branches, given off by the profound 
 palmar arch, which traverse the muscles and in- 
 f.orosseous spaces. 2. In the thigh — three or four 
 arteries, furnished by the profunda, -which pass 
 through the openings of the abductor magnus. 
 '6. In the foot — the anterior and superior branches 
 of the plantar arch. 
 
 Perforans Casserii, see Cutaneous — p. Ma- 
 nas, Flexor profundus perforans — p. Profundus, 
 Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo- 
 rans. 
 
 PERFORATED SPOT, Locus perforatus. 
 PERFORATING ARTERIES, see Perforans. 
 PERFORATIO, Perforation — p. Cranii, see 
 Perforator — p. Intestinorum, Enterobrosis — p. 
 Ventriculi, Gastrobrosis. 
 
 PERFORA'TION, Perfora'tio, Anatre'sis, Di- 
 atre'sis, from 2}ei'/orare, 'to pierce.' An acci- 
 dental opening in the continuity of organs, either 
 from an external or internal cause. 
 
 Perforation, Paracentesis — p. de I'Estomac, 
 Gastrobrosis — p. des Intestins, Enterobrosis — p. 
 Uteri, Uterus, rupture of the. 
 
 PERFORATOR, Perforato'rium, (F.) Perce- 
 crane. An instrument for opening the head of 
 the foetus in utero, when it is necessary to dimi- 
 nish its size. The operation is called Cephalo- 
 tom'ia, Perfora'tio cra'nii. 
 
 PERFORATORIUM, Perforator. 
 PERFORA'TUS. That which is pierced. 
 Anatomists have given this name to muscles 
 whose fibres or tendons separate to suffer other 
 parts to pass through them. Such are the Flexor 
 brevis digitorum pedis, F. suhlimis perforatus, 
 and Coraco-brachialis. Also, to parts that are 
 perforated for any purpose — as the substan'tia 
 perfora'ta of the brain. 
 
 Perforatus Casserii, Coraco-hrachialis. 
 PERFRIC'TIO, Perfrige'rium, Oatapsyx'is, 
 Peripsyx'is, from perfrigere, {pier, and frigere,) 
 ' to shiver with cold.' Considerable refrigeration. 
 Great sense of cold : — shivering. 
 PERFRIGB RATIO, see Rigor. 
 PERFRIGERIUM, Perfrictto. 
 PERFUSIO, Fomentation — p. Frigida, see 
 Affusion. 
 
 PERI, TTspt, 'about, on all sides, round about.' 
 An augmentative prefix. Hence: 
 
 PERIJ3RE'SIS, from Tzept, 'about,' and aipcw, 
 ' I take away.' A sort of circular incision, which 
 the ancients made in the neighbourhood of large 
 abscesses. The periaresis is now only practised 
 in some cases of tumours. 
 
 PERIAL'GIA, from Tzcpi, 'on all sides/ and 
 aXyog, 'Y)ain.' A very violent pain. 
 PERIAMMA, Amuletum. 
 PERIAPTON, Amuletum. 
 PERIBLEMA, Catablema. 
 PERIBLEP'SIS, from Trept, 'around,' and 
 p\emi), 'I look.' The wild look that accompanies 
 dtliriura. — Foesius. 
 
 PERIB'OLE, from TcptPaWto, 'I surround.' 
 The dress of a person. The pericardium. Also, 
 *he translation of morbific matters towards the 
 surface of the body. 
 
 PERIRRO'SIS, Pcricra'sis, from 7rtpi/?poi(r/«o, 
 (jrfot, and lipodKui, 'I eat,') 'I eat around.' Ulce- 
 ration or erosion at the corners of the eyelids. 
 
 PERICAR'DIAC. Pericar'dial, Pericardi'a- 
 cue ; same etymon as the next. Relating to the 
 pcricardmm, — as ' pericardial murmur,' 'pericar- 
 dial effusion,' 'pericardial arteries, veins,' &c., <fcc. 
 PERICARDIAL, Pericardiac. 
 PERICARDI'TIS, from KtptKap&tov, 'the peri- 
 cardium,' and itis, denoting inflammation ; In- 
 
 flamma'tio Pericar'dii, Plexiri'tis pericar'dit, 
 Cardi'tia exter'na seu sero'sa seu memhrano'sa, 
 Exocardi'tis, Inflamma'tion of the pericardium, 
 (F.) Pericardite, Inflammation du Pericarde, 
 This is, probably, the proper appellation for most 
 of those cases which have received the names of 
 Carditis, Cardipericardi' tis, and Oardiopericar- 
 di'tis. Along with signs of pyrexia, the local 
 symptoms resemble those of pneumonia. Those 
 which point out that the pericardium is the seat 
 of disease, are the following : — pain, referred to 
 the region of the heart, or scrobiculus cordis, — 
 sometimes pungent, at others, dull and heavy: 
 palpitation, accompanied with spasmodic twitch- 
 ings in the neighbourhood of the heart, shooting 
 up to the left shoulder ; pulsation, and sometimes 
 soreness of the carotids, with tinnitus aurium and 
 vertigo; the breathing is by catches; dyspncea 
 considerable; pulse jarring, jerking, peculiar; the 
 tongue white, covered with a mucous coat, and the 
 skin often bathed in sweat, as in acute rheumatism. 
 The physical signs during the first period are as 
 follows. The action of the heart is generally 
 evident to the eye, and may be felt by the hand. 
 There is soreness to the touch over the intercos- 
 tal spaces, and over a small surface in the epi- 
 gastric region, when the pressure is directed up- 
 wards towards the pericardium. Percussion is 
 usually natural, but at times there is dulness. 
 On auscultation, the cardiac movements are 
 found to be frequent, abrupt, jerking, and tu- 
 multuous; often irregular and intermittent. The 
 pulse presents corresponding characters. When 
 effusion of lymph has occurred, percussion may 
 be negative, or be but slightly affected. On aus- 
 cultation, in addition to the preceding signs, 
 there may be one or more of the rubbing or fric- 
 tion bruits resembling the rustling of parchment, 
 or of a sawing or rasping character. In some 
 eases, the sound is like the creaking of new 
 leather. This has been supposed to be patho- 
 gnomonic of effused lymph. The most important 
 point in the pathology of pericarditis is its con- 
 nexion with acute rheumatism; and it forms one 
 of the most dangerous occurrences in the latter 
 disease. It may be acute or chronic : in either 
 case, it is, of course, formidable. The most act- 
 ive depletion must be used ; with large doses of 
 opium, counter-irritants, and all the means re- 
 quired in the most violent internal inflamma- 
 tions. 
 
 Pericarditis Exstjdatoria Sanguinolenta, 
 Hfemoperieardium. 
 
 PERICAR'DIUM, Periear'dion, Perib'ole, 
 Membra'na. Cor circumplex' a , Involu'crum sea 
 Ar'cula seu Capaa seu Cap'sxda seu Cam'era seu 
 Indumen'tum. seu Pannic'uhis seu Blemhra'na seu 
 Theca seu Saccus seu Sae'cidus seu Scrotum seu 
 Vagi'na seu Vesi'ca seu Area seu Thal'amus re- 
 ga'lis seu Amjihico'ma seu Bursa Cordis, Sac or 
 Capside of the Heart, (F.) Pericarde ; from rfoi, 
 'around,' and KapSia, 'the heart.' The periciir- 
 dium is a membranous sac, which envelopes the 
 heart, and the arterial and venous trunks that 
 pass from or into it. It is seated in the separa- 
 tion of the mediastinum, above the central apo- 
 neurosis of the diaphragm, to which it strongly 
 adheres. Its shape is triangular, like that of the 
 heart; to which it is fitted. The pericardium is 
 composed of two membranes: — the one — external 
 — fibrous ; the other — internal — serous. The lat- 
 ter, having lined the inner surface of the external 
 layer, is reflected over the heart, and covers it 
 entirely; without, however, having the heart 
 within it; in which arrangement it resembles, 
 other serous membranes. The poricnrdiura en- 
 velops the heart: retains it in position, and faci- 
 litates its movements by means of the serous 
 
PEBICARDIUM 
 
 655 
 
 PERIODEIA 
 
 fluid, Liquor sen Aqtia seu Humor seu Lympha 
 seu Uri'na Pericar'dii, Hydrocar'dia, which it 
 contains in greater or less quantity. 
 
 The arteries of the pericardium are small, and 
 derived from the superior phrenic, anterior me- 
 diastinal and bronchial. The veins accompany 
 them, and open into the brachio- cephalic. No 
 nerves have been traced to it. The lymphatics 
 enter the lymphatic glands that surround the 
 vena cava superior. 
 
 PBRICARPIUM. Epicarpium. 
 
 PERICIIOLIA, Polycholia. 
 
 PERICHONDRI'TIS, Inflamma' tio pericJwn'- 
 drii, from perichondrium, and itls, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the perichondrium : 
 hence Perichondri'tis laryn'gea; — Inflammation 
 of the perichondrium covering the larynx. 
 
 PBRICHON'DRIUM, from vcpi, 'around,' and 
 XovSpos, ' a cartilage.' A membrane of a fibrous 
 liature, which covers cartilages that are pon-arti- 
 cular, and bears considerable analogy to the peri- 
 osteum in organization and uses. 
 
 PERICHRISIS, Circumlitio, Liniment. 
 
 PERICHRISTON,Circumlitio, Liniment. 
 
 PERICLA'SIS, from rr£,jt, 'about,' and /cXao), 
 ' I break.' A comminuted fracture, with denu- 
 dation of the bone. — Galen, Foesius. 
 
 PERICLYMENUM, Lonieera periclymenum 
 — p. Vulgare, Lonieera periclymenum. 
 
 PERICNE'MIA, from Trtpi, ' about,' and Kw/ir,, 
 'the leg.' The parts surrounding the tibia j — 
 the tibia itself. 
 
 PERICRANICEDE'MA, from pericranitm, 
 and oiSniia, 'a swelling.' CEdema of the head, 
 owing to fluid effused under the pericranium. 
 
 PERICRA'NIUM, Pericra'nion, Pericra'nia, 
 from TTcpt, 'around,' and Kpaviov, 'the cranium.' 
 The periosteum, which covers the cranium exter- 
 nally. 
 
 PERICRASIS, Peribrosis. 
 
 PERIDER'IA, from vepi, 'around,' and &fpri, 
 ' the neck.' Twisting of the cord round the neck 
 of the child. 
 
 PERIDES'MIC, Perides'micus ; from Tcpt, 
 ' around,' and Ssano;, ' a ligament.' Some noso- 
 logists have given this name to ischuria caused 
 by a ligature round the penis or by stricture of 
 the urethra. 
 
 PERIDES'MIUM; from irrpi, 'around,' and 
 SscTfio;, 'ligament.' The delicate arbolar tissue 
 covering a ligament. 
 
 PERIDIASTOLE, see Diastole. 
 
 PERID'ROMUS, from vepi, 'about,' and ipoiio;, 
 'a course.' The extreme circumference of the 
 hairs of the head. — Gorrseus. 
 
 PERIESTICOS, Salutary. 
 
 PERIGLOTTIS, Epiglottic gland: see Tongue. 
 
 PBRIG'RAPHE, from TitpiypiKpiD, {-tpt, and 
 ypafpM, 'I write,') 'I circumscribe.' The apo- 
 neurotic intersections of the rectus abdominis are 
 60 called. — Vesalius. 
 
 PERILYMPH, Cotunnius, liquor of. 
 
 PERIMYELITIS, Meningitis, spinal. 
 
 PERIMYS'IUM, Fas'cia, from ticpi, 'around,' 
 jmd nvs, ' a muscle.' The areolar membrane or 
 gheath — vnr/i'na muscxda'ris — that surrounds a 
 muscle, or its fasciculi. The sheath of the whole 
 muscle is termed Perimysium externum/ of the 
 fasciculi, Perimysium internum. 
 
 PERIN, Peris, from izcpa, 'a sac or pouch.' 
 With some, this means the scrotum; with others, 
 the testicle; with others, the vagina; with others, 
 the peritona3um; and with others, the anus. 
 
 PERTNiEOCELE, Hernia, perineal. 
 
 PERINiE'UM, Interfemin'eum, Interfcemin' - 
 
 eum, Interfcemin' ium, Interfce'mina, Iter femin'-. 
 eum, Peris, Perin, Perineum, Gressu'ra, Plechas, 
 Am'phiptlex, Peche'deov, Ifesos' celon , Jfesos'celas, 
 Perine.'on, Perince'os, Perine'ci, Ti'amis, Tanros, 
 Interforamine' urn, Cocho'ne, Ph'chos, Mesome'rion, 
 Fcemen, Pe'gio PerincB' i, {¥.) Perinee. The space 
 at the inferior region of the trunk, between the 
 ischiatic tuberosities, anus, and genital organs. 
 It is smaller in the female than in the male; has 
 a triangular shape, and is divided into two equal 
 parts by a median line, called Paphe. It is oc- 
 casionally ruptured in labour. At times, it has 
 been made to extend posteriorly as far as the os 
 coccygis. The part between the pudendum and 
 anus is sometimes called ante'rior p>erin(B'um, to 
 distinguish it from that which extends from the 
 anus to the coccyx, caWeii paste' rior pieriiicB'um. 
 
 PERIN^US, Perineal. 
 
 PBRINE'AL, Perince'us, Perincea'h's, Peri- 
 nea'lis. That which relates or belongs to the 
 perintBum; as Perineal artery, P. hernia, &c. 
 
 Perineal Aponeurosis, P. Pascia. 
 
 Perineal Arteev, Arte'rin perincea'lis. Su- 
 perficial artery of the Perina'um. A branch of 
 the internal pudic distributed to the perinreum. 
 
 Perineal Cutaneous Nerve, see Sciatic 
 nerve, lesser. 
 
 Perineal Fas'cia, F. Perinca'i, Perine'al apo- 
 neuro'sis. The fascias, — superficial and deep- 
 seated — Perine'al lig'ament — Camper's ligament, 
 Trian'gidar lig'ament, — which belong to the peri- 
 nteum. 
 
 Perine'al Fossa, Fossa perince'i, Isehio-recfal 
 fossa. A conical fossa, the base of which cor- 
 responds with the skin ; is formed anteriorly by 
 the transversus perin£ei muscle ; behind, by the 
 inferior border of the glutseus maximus ; inter- 
 nally, by the levator ani; and externally, by the 
 tuber ischii. It is filled up with fat and fibrous 
 strioe. 
 
 Perineal Ischuria, Ischu'ria Perinea'lis. A 
 name given by Sauvages to retention of urine, 
 caused by a tumour seated in the perinseum. 
 
 Perineal Ligament, see P. fascia. 
 
 Perineal Nerve. A branch of the internal 
 pudic ; which is mainly distributed to the peri- 
 nasum and scrotum of the male ; and to the vulva 
 and perinseum of the female. 
 
 Perineal Region, Perinseum. 
 
 PERINEE, Perinseum. 
 
 PERINBPHRI'TIS, (F.) Phlegmon pdrint?- 
 phretique, from Trepi, 'around,' vefpng, 'kidney,' 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the external areolar and fibrous membranes of 
 the kidney, or of their investing adipose areolar 
 tissue. 
 
 PERINEPHRUS, see Kidney. 
 
 PERINBURION, Neurilemma. 
 
 PERINYC'TIDES, ncpt, and vu(, 'night.' An 
 eruption appearing at night and disappearing by 
 day. — Erotian. 
 
 PE'RIOD, Periodus, Periodei'a, Periodeu'sis, 
 Sta'dium, Circu'itiis, from ntpi, ' about,' and 'oboq, 
 'way;' Circuit. Periods are the diff'erent phases 
 or revolutions of a disease, — the epochs which are 
 distinguishable in the course of a disease. Three 
 periods are commonly enumerated. 1. The ang^ 
 mentation, increase, or progress, [Incremea'tum :) 
 
 2. The acme or height, (F.) Etat {Status ;) and, 
 
 3. The decline {Decrementum.) Some authors 
 reckon only the invasion and termination. 
 
 Period is sometimes used in describing an in- 
 termittent, for the time between the commence 
 ment of a paroxysm and that of the nest, in- 
 cluding the fit as well as interval. 
 
 Periotjs, Monthly, Menses. 
 
 PERIODEIA, Period. 
 
PERIODETJSIS 
 
 656 
 
 PERISPHALSIS 
 
 PEEIODEUSIS, Period. 
 
 PERIODEUTES, Charlatan. 
 
 VKRIODICITY, Perwdic"itas,R7>ijihn; same 
 etymon. The aptitude of certain physiological 
 andf pathological phenomena, in health or dis- 
 ease, to recur at particular periods, after longer 
 or shorter intervals, during which they cease 
 completely. Diseases, thus recurring, are called 
 Periodical or rliyth' inical — Typo'ses. 
 
 PERIODOL'OGY, Periodoloc/'ia ; from rc- 
 pio5os, 'a course or circuit,' and }ioyos, 'a dis- 
 course.' The doctrine of periodicity in health 
 and disease. 
 
 PERIODONTI'TIS, (P.) PeHodontite, Inflam- 
 mation de la Jlemhrane alveolo-dcntnirc, from 
 TTcpt, ' about,' and ohovs, ' a tooth. Inflammation 
 of the membrane that lines the socket of a tooth. 
 
 PERIODO>fTITIS GlNGIVAEUM, Ulitis. 
 
 PERIOD'OSCOPEj from Trtpio^oj, 'a period,' 
 and (7K0T£w, ' I view.' An instrument, proposed 
 by Dr. Tyler Smith, for the ready calculation of 
 the periodical functions of the sex. It consists 
 of a movable circular dial, upon which the months 
 and days are engraved, fixed on a pivot in the 
 centre of a large plate on which are numbered 
 the different conditions of the reproductive sys- 
 tem, as conception, abortion, premature labour, 
 hemorrhage, labour, <&c. By a knowledge of the 
 date of conception, say November 14th, and fixing 
 the movable plate opposite the point on the fixed 
 plate which indicates conception, the observer is 
 enabled, at once, to see, that, allowing 280 days 
 for gestation, labour may be expected about the 
 20th of August. The dial is made of card-board, 
 and is afSxed to a small volume, in which its uses 
 and applications are explained. 
 
 PERIODUS MORBI, Type — p. Sanguinis, 
 Circulation. 
 
 PBRIODYN'IA, from vipi, and ohvvv, 'pain.' 
 A violent and extensive pain. 
 PERIONE, Decidua. 
 
 PERIOR'BITA, Perios'teum or'hitm, from Trcpt, 
 'around,' and orhita, 'the orbit.' An appellation 
 used, by some, for the periosteum lining the orbit, 
 which is a continuation of the dura mater. The 
 inflammation of this periosteum is termed Peri- 
 orhi'tis or Penorbiti'tis, and Infiamma' tio perios'- 
 tei or'bitce. 
 
 PERIORBITIS, see Periorbita. 
 PERIORBITITIS, see Periorbita. 
 PERIOSTEITIS, see Periostitis. 
 PERIOS'TEUM, Perios'teon, Pcriosteos, Pe- 
 rios'tium, Circumossa'le, Membra' na osais, Omen'- 
 tum os'sium, Gircumossa'lis 3femhra'na, from irepi, 
 'o,round,' and oanov, 'a bone.' The periosteum 
 is a fibrous, white, resisting medium which sur- 
 rounds the bones every where, except the teeth 
 at their coronse, and the parts of other bones that 
 are covered with cartilage. The external surface 
 is united, in a more or less intimate manner, to 
 the neighbouring parts by areolar tissue. Its 
 inner surface covers the bone, whose depressions 
 it accurately follows. It is united to the bone by 
 small, fibi-ous prolongations ; and, especially, by 
 a prodigious quantity of vessels, which penetrate 
 their substance. The periosteum unites the bones 
 to the neighbouring parts. It assists in their 
 growtn, cither by furnishing, at its inner surface, 
 as M. Bcelard demonstrated, an albuminous exu- 
 dation, which becomes cartilaginous, and at length 
 ossifies; — or by fcupporting the vessels, which 
 penetrate them to carry the materials of their 
 nutrition. See Medullary membrane. 
 
 Pertosteum Internum, Medullary membrane 
 --p. OrbiOe, Periorbita. 
 
 PERI ^STI'TIS, Perlostei'tis, Injlamma'tio 
 
 perios'tei, from pcriostemn and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the periosteum. 
 
 PERIOSTO'SIS. Tumour of the periosteum- 
 Tumours are so called which are developed on 
 bones, and formed by their outer membrane. 
 These tumours are more rapidly develojied, have 
 a less degree of consistence, and sooner disperse 
 than exostoses, which they resemble greatly. 
 PERIPHERAL, see Peripheral aspect. 
 Periph'eral, Periph'en'c, PeripJier'ical; from 
 TTfpi, 'around,' and (peooi, 'I bear.' Relating or 
 appertaining to the periphery or circumference. 
 
 Peripheral Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 circumference of an organ. — Barclay. Periph'- 
 erad is used by the same writer adverbially to 
 signify ' towards the peripheral aspect.' 
 
 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM, Ca- 
 pillary system. 
 
 PERIPHIMOSIS, Paraphimosis. 
 PERIPLEUMONIA, Peripneumonia. 
 PERIPLOCA INDICA, Hemidesmus Indicus. 
 PERIP'LYSIS, from vrrpi, and TrXutrif, ' the act 
 of washing;' Proflu'viirm. A copious discharge 
 from any part, especially from the bowels. 
 
 PERIPNEUMO'NIA, Peripleumo'nia, Pe- 
 rijyneumoni'tis, True peripnen'mony, from v^pt, 
 'around,' and T^vEvptoiv, 'the lung.' Inflammation 
 of the substance of the lungs. — See Pneumonia. 
 Peripneujionia Bilio'sa. Inflammation of 
 the lungs, accompanied with bilious fever. 
 
 Peripnedmo'>'ia Catareha'lis. Bronchitis or 
 pulmonary catarrh, with pain in some part of the 
 chest. Peripneumonia notha. 
 
 Peripneujio'nia Notha, P. sjm'ria, P. pitui- 
 to'sa, P. catarrha'lis, Pneumo'nia notha, Paeudo- 
 jjeripmevmonia, Psevdo-pneumonia, Psevdo-pneu- 
 moni'tis, Bronehoc'aee, BlennotJio'rax, Obatruc'tio 
 pndmo'mim pituito'sa fcbri'lis, Bronchi' tis asthen'- 
 ica, False or Bastard Peripnen'moiiy, (P.) Pe- 
 ripineumonie bdtarde ou fattsse. An inexact name, 
 under which some affections are comprised that 
 resemble pneumonia; and, especially chronic 
 bronchitis with pleurodynia. — See Bronchitis 
 (chronic.) 
 Peripneumonia Pituitosa, P. notha. 
 PERIPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia. 
 PERIPNEUMONY, Pneumonia— p. Bastard, 
 Peripneumonia notha. 
 
 Peripneumony, Latent. Peripneumony whose 
 symptoms are so obscure as to be recognised with 
 difBculty. 
 
 PERIPSYXIS, Catapsyxis, Perfrietio. 
 PERIPYE'MA, from Trcpt, 'about,' and ttvov, 
 ' pus.' Suppuration around an organ ; — a tooth, 
 for example. 
 
 PERIRRHCE'A, Perir'rhoe, from vcpi, ' about,' 
 and ptio, '1 flow.' Afiius of fluids from every 
 point of the body towards an organ which has to 
 remove them from the economy. .A.lso, enuresis. 
 PERIS, Perin. 
 PERISCELIS, Jarrefih-e. 
 PERISCYPIIISMUS, Periscythismus. 
 PERISCYTHIS'MUS, Periscy'thisis, Pery'- 
 seytis'mus, Periscy'tisis, Periscy'pihisis, Peria- 
 cypliismns, Scalping, from rtpi, 'around,' and 
 'LKvdrj;, 'a Scythian,' that is, 'scalping after the 
 manner of the Scythians.' An operation described 
 by Paulus of iEgina. It consisted of an incision 
 made around the cranium, and was employed in 
 habitual weakness of the eyes, paius of the 
 head, &c. 
 
 PERISPIIAL'SIS, Circiimduc'tio, from rcpt, 
 'about,' and (r^aXAo), ' I move.' A circular motion 
 impressed on a luxated bone, for the purpose of 
 reducing it. 
 
PERISSODACTTLUS 
 
 65? 
 
 PERMIXTIO 
 
 PERISSODACTYLUS, Polydactylus. 
 
 PERISTALTIC, Systaltic — p. Action, Peris- 
 tole. 
 
 PERISTAPHYLINIIS EXTERNUS, Circum- 
 flexus musciilus- — p. Inferior, Circumflexus mus- 
 culus — p. Intemus, Levator palati. 
 
 PERISTERA ANGEPS, Pelargonium anceps. 
 
 PERISTERIUM, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 PEPi,ISTER'NA, from -acpi, 'about,' and cTcp- 
 vov, ' the sternum.' The lateral parts of the chest. 
 
 PERIS'TOLB, 3fotus Peristal' ticus, 31. com- 
 presso'rius seu vermicnla'ris seu testndin'eus, from 
 ■repi, ' around,' and otsXXju, ' I contract,' ' I close.' 
 The peristaltic action of the intestines, 3Iotus 
 peristal' ticus. It consists of a kind of undulation 
 or vermicular movement, in apipearance irregular, 
 but in which the circular fibres of the muscular 
 membrane of the intestine contract successively, 
 from above downwards, in proportion as the 
 chyme advances in the alimentarj' canal ; so that, 
 being compressed above, it is pushed into the 
 next portion of the intestine, whose fibres are in 
 a state of relaxation. When the fibres contract 
 inversely, they occasion an antiperistaltic action. 
 The peristaltic action is involuntary, and is not 
 under the immediate influence of either brain or 
 ispinal marrow. It continues for some time after 
 death. 
 
 PERISTOMA, Peristroma. 
 
 PERISTOMIUM, Mouth. 
 
 PERISTRO'MA, Peris'toma, Blas'cns villo'sus, 
 Crusta memhrana' cea, Cnista vermicula'ris, from 
 rr£j3i, 'around,' and argwyvvfjn, 'to spread.' The 
 villous or mucous coat of the intestines. — Castelli. 
 
 PERISYS'TOLE, from ircpi, 'about,' and 
 tnxrToXt), ' contraction.' The interval that exists 
 between the systole and diastole of the heart, 
 which is only perceptible in the dying. — Bar- 
 tholin e. 
 
 PERITERION, Trepan per f or atif, 
 
 PERITESTIS, Albuginea. 
 
 PERITOTNJS, Peritonreum. 
 
 PERITOME, Circumcision. 
 
 PERITONyERIX'IS, Peritonaorex'is, from 
 rtpiToi'aiov, 'the peritonasum,' and priyvv(j), 'I 
 break.' Hernia formed by the rupture of the 
 peritona3ura. 
 
 PERITONiE'UM, Peritmie'um, Peritona'on, 
 Peritonei'on, Peritonm'os, Peritoni'on, Peritoneos, 
 Velameu'tum ahdomina'le, Tu'nica piraten'sa seu 
 Operimen'tiim prcBtensjun seu 3Iembra'na ahdom'- 
 inis, Sipliar, Syphar, Zepach, Ziphac, (F.) Pe- 
 ritoine, from ircpi, ' around,' and ruvw, ' I sti'etch.' 
 A serous membrane, which lines the abdominal 
 navity ; extends over the greater part of the or- 
 gans contained there ; envelops them wholly or 
 in part, and maintains their respective relations 
 by means of different prolongations and liga- 
 mentous folds : — the mesentery, epiploon, wesoco- 
 lon, &c. Like all the serous membranes, the 
 peritoneum is a sort of sac without aperture, 
 which covers the abdominal organs, without con- 
 taining them within it, and the internal surface 
 of which is smooth, and lubricated by a serous 
 fluid. In the male fcetus, the peritoneum fur- 
 nishes a prolongation, which accompanies the 
 testicle at the time of its descent, and, in the 
 female foetus, forms the Canal of Nuek. Below 
 the neck of the gall-bladder, the peritonasum has 
 a triangular opening, called the Foramen or 
 Hiatus of Winsloio, through which it proceeds 
 behind the stomach, to form a sort of secondary 
 cavity, called the posterior cavity of the perito- 
 nceum, (F.) Arriire cavite peritoniale ou Cavite 
 des Epiploons, 
 
 Peritoneum Duplicattjm, Epiploon, gastro- 
 colic. 
 
 42 
 
 PERITONITE, Peritonitis —p. Piierpirale, 
 see Peritonitis. 
 
 PERITONI'TIS, Empres'ma Peritonitis, Pe- 
 ritonai'tis, Cauma Peritonitis, Inflamma'tio Pe- 
 ritonm'i, Phlef/'mone peritona'i, Phlegma'sia or 
 Inflammation of the Peritona'um, from perito- 
 neum, and itis, denoting 'inflammation.' (F.) 
 Peritonite, Infiammation du Peritoine. The cha- 
 racteristic signs of acute inflammation of the 
 peritonasum are, — violent pain in the abdomen, 
 increased by the slightest pressure, often by the 
 simple weight of the bed-clothes. It generally 
 occurs in the parturient state; and begins on the 
 second or third day after delivery. At times, a 
 malignant epidemic, and perhaps contagious, va- 
 riety has made its appearance, and destroyed 
 numbers of females. This has been described 
 under the name Pver'peral Fever, 3Ietropieritoni' - 
 tis, Ene'cia Syn'ochus Puerpera'rum, (F.) Peri- 
 tonite puerperale, 3Ietroperitonite puerperale, 
 Fievre puerperale. Typhus 23uer2}eral, Erythemat' - 
 ic or Nonplas'tic Puerperal Peritonitis, Typho- 
 hm'mic Peritoni'tis, Adynam'ic or Ifalii/'nant 
 Puer'peral Fever, Low Fever of Childbed. It is, 
 according to some, a malignant inflammation of 
 the peritoneum and uterus; according to others, 
 a Uterine Phlebitis. In any form it requires 
 active treatment, early employed. The ap- 
 pearances on dissection are such as occur when- 
 ever a serous membrane has been inflamed, and 
 such inflammation has produced death : — efiiision 
 of fluid with flakes of coagulable lymph in it ; 
 appearances of vascularity, &c., in the membrane. 
 The treatment — in active j^eritonitis — must con- 
 sist of the same course as recommended under 
 Enteritis. In the chronic kind, symptoms must 
 be combated as they arise, and it may be ad- 
 visable to excite a new action in the system by 
 means of mercury. In the epidemic and malig- 
 nant variety, unless bleeding be freely employed 
 at the very outset, it does harm. If used early, 
 it is of decided advantage. Every thing de- 
 pends upon arresting the morbid process at the 
 outset. 
 
 Peritonitis, Erythematic, see Peritonitis — 
 p. Nonplastic, see Peritonitis — p. Puerperal, see 
 Peritonitis — p. Typhohaemic, see Peritonitis. 
 
 PERITTOMA, Excrement. 
 
 PERITTPHLI'TIS; from irtpt, 'around,' and 
 typhlitis, inflammation of the ciBcum. Inflam- 
 mation of the areolar substance surrounding the 
 caseum. See Typhlo-enteritis. 
 
 PERIWINKLE, LESSER, Vinca minor. 
 
 PERIZO'MA, from -Kspii^wvvvjti, {trspi, and ^wv- 
 vv/xi, 'to gird,') 'to gird around.' A bandage; a 
 girdle. In Fabricius Hildanus, a truss. Herpes 
 zoster. The diaphragm. 
 
 PER'KINISM. A thernpeutical means, first 
 employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Norwich, 
 Connecticut, towards the termination of the last 
 century, and named after him. It consisted in 
 drawing over afi"ected or other parts the pointed 
 extremities of two metallic rods, called Metallic 
 Tractors, each made of a difi'erent metal. The 
 success obtained, was through the influence of 
 the imagination ; and, consequently, as a reme- 
 dial agent, it ranks as high as animal magnetism, 
 but no higher. The operation was, also, called 
 Tractora'tion. 
 
 PER'KINIST. A believer in and practis^r of 
 Perkinisra. 
 
 PERKINIS'TIC. Relating or belonging t« 
 Perkinism. 
 
 PERLA, Pearl, Paralampsis. 
 
 PERLE, Pearl. 
 
 PERMISTIO, Coition. 
 
 PERMIXTIO, Coition. 
 
PERMOTIO 
 
 658 
 
 PERSPIRATION" 
 
 PERMOTIO, Motion. 
 
 PERNIULEUX, Deleterious. 
 
 PERNICIOSUS, Deleterious. 
 
 PERNIO, Chilblain. 
 
 PERNOCTATIO, Insomnia. 
 
 PEROCEPH'ALUS, from ri/pof, 'deficient,' 
 and Ke(pa\t), 'head.' A monster with a defective 
 head. 
 
 PEROCOR'MUS, Ollgospon'dyliia, from irripoq, 
 'defective,' and Kopixos, 'trunk.' A malformation 
 in which the trunk is defective, and too short, 
 from the absence of one or more vertebrae, — the 
 head and limbs being normal. 
 
 PERODACTYLEUS, Flexor longus digitorum 
 pedis profundus perforans. 
 
 PERODYNIA, see Cardialgia. 
 
 PEROMEL'IA, from Trripo;, 'wanting/ and 
 //jXof, 'a limb.' Congenital misconstruction, or 
 mutilation of the limbs. A genus in the noso- 
 logy of Good. 
 
 PEROM'ELUS. A monster possessed of the 
 deformity mentioned above. 
 
 PERONJE, Fibula—^. Col du, CoUum fibulse. 
 
 PERONE'AL, Peronm'uB, Fibula'ris, Fib'ular, 
 from Ttioovt], ' the fibula.' Belonging or relating 
 to the fibula. 
 
 Peroneal Arteky, Fib'ular A., arises from 
 the popliteal, and is situate deeply in the pos- 
 terior and outer part of the leg. It gives ofl' 
 branches of little importance. Near the outer 
 ankle, it divides into two branches. 1. The pos- 
 terior peroneal, which descends behind the lower 
 joint of the fibula, on the outer surface of the 
 calcaneum. 2. The (interior peroneal, which 
 crosses the inferior extremity of the interosseous 
 ligament, to be distributed on the dorsal surface 
 of the foot. 
 
 Peroneal Muscles are three in number. 1. 
 Peronaus Brevis, P. Secundus, P. anti'eus, P. 
 Me'dius, Semi -fibidm' lis, (F.) Grand-peron^o-stis- 
 metatarsien, Court peroneo-lateral, Moyen Pero- 
 -ner, A muscle, situate beneath the peronseus 
 longus. It is attached above, to the outer sur- 
 face of the fibula, and terminates, below, at the 
 posterior extremity of the 6th metatarsal bone, 
 after having been reflected beneath the malleolus 
 externus. It extends the foot upon the leg, at 
 the same time raising a little the outer edge. It 
 may, also, act upon the leg, and extend it upon 
 the foot. 2. PeroncBus Longus, Peronmus primus 
 seu posti'caa, P. max'imus seu poste'rior, (F.) 
 Tibi-pSronSo-tarsien, Long peronier latSral, Pe- 
 roneo-sous-tarsien, (Ch.,) Muscle grand pieronier. 
 This muscle is situate at the outer part of the leg. 
 It is long, thick, and triangular above ; thin, nar- 
 row, and flat below. It is attached above to the 
 outer edge of the upper extremity of the fibula, 
 and to the upper third of the outer surface of that 
 bone. Below, it terminates at the outer part of 
 the posterior extremity of the first metatarsal 
 bone. This muscle extends the foot on the leg, 
 turning its point outward, and raising its outer 
 edge. It acts, also, upon the leg, which it ex- 
 tends on the foot. 3. Peronmiis Tertiua, Nonus 
 Vesa'lii, (F.) Peronier anterieur. Petit pieroneo- 
 eus-metataraien (Ch.,) Petit Peronier, A muscle, 
 situate at the anterior, outer, and inferior part of 
 the leg. It is long and flat, and is attached, 
 above, to the inferior third of the anterior mar- 
 gin and inner surface of the fibula; terminating, 
 below, at the posterior extremity of the 5th me- 
 tatarsal bone. This muscle bends the foot on the 
 leg, by raising its outer edge. It can, also, bend 
 fho leg on the foot. 
 
 Pkroneal Nerve, see Popliteal nerves. 
 
 Peroneal Vein follows the same course as 
 tne urtery 
 
 PERONE DACTYLIUS, Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis profundus perforans. 
 
 PERONEO-LATERAL COURT, Peronjeus 
 brevis — p. Phalanginien dn gros orteil, Flexor 
 longus pollicis pedis — p. Sous-phalangettien dn 
 pouce. Flexor longus pollicis pedis — p. Soua- 
 taraien, PeronaBus longus — p. Sus-metataraien, 
 Perona3US tertius — p. Sua-metatarsien, grand, 
 Peronseus brevis — p. Sua-phalangeltien du pouce, 
 Extensor proprius pollicis pedis — p. Tibi eua- 
 phalangettien commun. Extensor communis digi- 
 torum pedis — p. Sus-phalangien du pouce, Ex- 
 tensor proprius pollicis pedis. 
 
 PERONEtM, Fibula. 
 
 PERONIER, GRAND, Peronasus longus — 
 p. Lateral, long, Peronseus longus — p. 3Ioyen, 
 Peronseus brevis — p. Petit, Peronaeus tertius. 
 
 PERONODACTYLI^US, Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis profundus perforans. 
 
 PERONODACTYLIUS, Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis profundus perforans. 
 
 PEROSO'MUS, from Trnpog, 'mutilated,' and 
 cfi>na, 'body.' A monster, whose whole body is 
 imperfectly developed. — Gurlt. 
 
 PEROSPLANCH'NICA, from 7r>7pof, 'want- 
 ing,' and atr'Kayxi'ov, 'a viscus.' Congenital mis- 
 construction of the viscera. A genus in the no- 
 sology of Good. 
 
 PERPENDICULUM HEPATIS, Suspensory 
 ligament of the liver. 
 
 PERPERACU'TUS. 'Extremely acute.' An 
 epithet applied to very violent and rapid diseases. 
 
 PERPLEXI MORBI, see Complication. 
 
 PERPLICA'TION, Perplica'tio ; from per, 
 'through,' and ^j?i"co, 'I fold.' A method of tying 
 arteries, which consists in making a small inci- 
 sion in the side of the artery, near its bleeding 
 orifice, introducing a small pair of forceps, seizing 
 the open extremity, and drawing it Ijackward, 
 through the aperture made in the side of the 
 vessel, so as to form a kind of knot. 
 
 PERROSIN, see Pinus abies. 
 
 PERSEA CAMFORA, See Camphor— p. Cas- 
 sia, Laurus cassia — p. Cinnamomum, Laurus ein- 
 namomum — p. Cubeba, Piper cubeba. 
 
 Per'sea Gatis'sima, Paha tree. A slender, 
 very high tree of Peru, with a small dome-like 
 top, which grows on the eastern declivity of the 
 Andes, and rises, at times, to the height of more 
 than CO feet. Its fruit, — (S.) Palta — which is 
 pear-shaped, is generally much liked. It dis- 
 solves, like butter, on the tongue, and hence is 
 called, in some of the French colonies, heurre 
 vegetalc. 
 
 Persea PicHCTRnr, see Pichurim beans — p. 
 Sassafras, Laurus sassafras. 
 
 PERSIAN FIRE, Anthracion. 
 
 PERSICA VULGARIS, Amygdalus Persica. 
 
 PERSIC AIRE DOUCE, Persicaria. 
 
 PERSICARIA, Polygonum Persicaria— p. Mi- 
 nor, Polygonum Persicaria^ — p. Mitis, Polygonum 
 Persicaria^ p. Urens, Polygonum hydropiper — 
 p. Wandspiked, Pol3'gonum Virginianum. 
 
 PER SIL, Apium petroselinum — p. d'Ant, 
 Chasrophylliim sylvestre — jj. Faux, j3Ethusa cy- 
 napium — p, de Maeedoine, Bubon Macedonicum 
 — p. de Montague, Athamanta aureoselinum. ' 
 
 PERSIMMON, Diospyros Virginiana. 
 
 PERSOLATA, Arctium lappa. 
 
 PERSOLLATA, Arctium lappa. 
 
 PERSOLUTA, Arctium lappa. 
 
 PERSPICILLUM, see Spectacles. 
 
 PERSPIRABILE SANCTORIANUM, Per- 
 spiration. 
 
 PERSPIRA'TION, Perspira'tio, Transpirn'- 
 tio, Diffla'tio, Diap'noe, Diapnoc'a, Diapneu'sis, 
 Pcrsjjirah'ile Sanctoria'num, {rom per, 'through,' 
 
PERSUDATIO 
 
 659 
 
 PESTILENTIAL 
 
 and spirare, 'to breathe, exhale.' The imensille 
 transpiration or exhalation continually going on 
 at the surface of the skin and membranes. Sen- 
 sible perspiration is called sweat. The perspira- 
 tory fluid is secreted by an appropriate glandular 
 apparatus, termed by Breschet diapnog"enous, 
 or sudorip' arous glands, Gland'uIcB sudorip'arcB, 
 Or'gana sudorij}' ara, sweat glands, consisting of 
 a secreting parenchyma, situate beneath the true 
 Bkin, and of spiral ducts, -which open obliquely 
 under the scales of the epidermis. A certain 
 portion of the perspired fluid is thrown off by 
 ordinary physical evaporation. 
 
 The Pulmonary exhalation or transpiration is 
 that which takes place into the bronchia, and is 
 sent out with the expired air. 
 
 PERSUDATIO, Diapedesis. 
 
 PERSULTATIO, Diapedesis. 
 
 PERTE, Metrorrhagia — p. d'Appetit, Ano- 
 rexia — p. de la Ifemoire, Amnesia — p. de I'Odo- 
 rat. Anosmia — p. de Sang, Hasmorrhagia — p). de 
 la Voix, Aphonia — p. de la Vue, Csecitas. 
 
 PERTEREBRANT, Perter'ehrans; from per, 
 'through,' and terehrare, 'to bore.' The French 
 give this epithet to an acute pain — Douleur j^er- 
 terebrante — which occasions a sensation like that 
 which would be produced by an instrument pe- 
 netrating and lacerating a part j — the pain from 
 •whitlow, for example. 
 
 PERTES BLANCHES, Leueorrhoea— p. de 
 Sang, Metrorrhagia — p. Seminales, Spermator- 
 rhoea — p. Uterines, Metrorrhagia — p). Uterines 
 rouges, Metrorrhagia — p. Uterines blanches, Leu- 
 
 PERTICA PER SB, Penis. 
 PERTURBATIONES ANIMI, Affections of 
 the mind. 
 
 PBRTURBA'TRIX, (Mediei'na) .Per'turha- 
 ting Treatment, (F.) Methode ou Medecine per- 
 turbatrice. A mode of treatment in which very 
 active means are employed, and such as impress 
 upon diseases a different course from that natural 
 to them. It is the antithesis to the Medicina ex- 
 pectans. Much evil has resulted from such treat- 
 ment, especially in febrile diseases. 
 
 PERTUS'SIS, from per, a prefix denoting ex- 
 cess, and ttcssis, 'a cough.' Ttissis feri'na, T. 
 convulsi'va, T. pu'eros strang'ulans, T. quinta, T. 
 atomacha'lis, T. an'hela clamo'sa, T. sfran'gulans, 
 T. delas'sans, T. suf'focans, T. amphenier'ina, T. 
 tussiaulo' sa, T. spasmod'ica, T. asini'na, T. cani'- 
 na, Bronchi' tis convulsi'va, Bron'chocephali'tis, 
 Pneusis jjertus'sis, Amphenier'ina, Orthopnce'a 
 tussicnlo'sa, clango'sa, snffocati ' va, clamo'sa, 
 spasmod'ica. Morbus Cucul'lus, Morbtts cuculla'- 
 ris, Oueidtis, Bechorthopnoe'a, Bex convulsi'va, 
 Bex therio'des. Hooping-cough, Whooping-cotigh, 
 Chin-cough, Kin-cough, Kind-cough, (Germ. 
 Kind, 'a child,') (F.) Coqucluche, Cutarrhe on 
 Bronchi te convulsive, Toux convulsive, T. quin- 
 teuse, T. bleue, Maladie cuculaire. A violent 
 convulsive cough, returning by fits, (F.) Quintes, 
 at longer or shorter intervals ; and consisting of 
 several expirations, followed by a sonorous in- 
 spiration or whoop. The fits of coughing gene- 
 rally recur more frequently during the night, 
 morning, and evening, than in the day. It is 
 esteemed to be contagious, and attacks the young 
 more particularly. It is rare for it to affect an 
 individual for the second time. The duration is 
 various, — six or eight weeks or more. Although 
 the paroxysms are very violent, it is not a dan- 
 gerous disease. It may, however, give rise to 
 other affections, as convulsions, pneumonia, &c., 
 when the complication is very dangerous, as the 
 cause cannot be removed. Those children suffer 
 the least, who evacuate the contents of the sto- 
 mach during the fit. In the treatment, all that 
 
 can be done is to palliate. It must be borne in 
 mind, that the disease will, in time, wear itself 
 out. If there be much tensive pain of the head, or 
 fever, bleeding may be required, but it is seldom 
 necessary. Narcotics occasionally afford relief, 
 but it is temporary. Gentle emetics, given occa- 
 sionally, when the paroxysms are long and dry, 
 give decided relief, and aid in the expectoration 
 of the morbid secretions. After the disease has 
 continued for some weeks, and persists in part 
 from habit, change of air is essential, and this, 
 even should the change be to an atmosphere 
 that is less pure. 
 PERU, see Lima. 
 PERUNCTIO, Inunction. 
 PER VENCHE, Vinca minor. 
 PERVER'SION, Perver'sio, from per and ver- 
 tere, 'to turn.' Bias'trophe, Diastrem'ma. One 
 of the four modifications of function in disease : 
 the three others being augmentation, diminution, 
 and abolition. The humourists used this term 
 also to designate disorder or morbid change in 
 the fluids. 
 
 PERVERSION I)E LA TIETE BES OS 
 ET jDES 3IUSCLES, Loxarthrus. 
 
 PERVIGILIUM, Insomnia, Coma vigil. 
 PES, TTovi, Ichnus, (F.) Pied, 'the foot.' The 
 inferior extremity of the abdominal member, 
 representing a bony arch, an elastic vault, which 
 transmits the weight of the body to the ground. 
 It is divided into three parts ; — the tarsus, meta- 
 tarsus, and toes. 
 
 Pes Alexandrinus, Anthemis pyrethrum — p. 
 Anserinus, Chenopodium bonus Henricus, Facial 
 nerve — p. Cati, Antennaria Dioica — p. Equinus, 
 see Kyllosis — p. Hippocampi major, Cornu am- 
 monis — p. Hippocampi minor, Hippocampus mi- 
 nor — p. Hippopotami major, Cornu ammonis — p. 
 Hippopotami minor, Cornu ammonis — p. Leonis, 
 Alchemilla. 
 
 PESANTEUR, "Weight— p. Spccifique, Gra- 
 vity, specific. 
 
 PESE-ACIDE, Acidometer — p. Liqueur, Are- 
 ometer — p. Sirop, Saccharometer. 
 
 PES'SARY, Pessa'rium, from vcaaoi, 'a small 
 stone.' Pessus, Pessum, Pes'sidus, Supjjosito'rium 
 iiteri'num, Glans, Lemnis'cus. A solid instrument, 
 composed of cork, ivory, or elastic gum, which is 
 introduced into the vagina to support the uteras, 
 in cases of prolapsus or relaxation of that organ ; 
 to keep vaginal hernia reduced, &c. The an- 
 cients made use of medicated pessaries, which 
 they distinguished into emollient, astring mt, 
 aperient, &c. The form of pessaries is very va- 
 riable ; — round, oval, &o., according to cirt jm- 
 stances. 
 
 Pessary, Egyptian, ^gyptius pessus. 
 PESSULUS, Pessary, Penis. 
 PESSUM, Pessary. 
 PESSUS, Pessary. 
 PEST, Plague. 
 PESTE, Plague. 
 PESTICHIiB, Petechia. 
 PESTICI^, PetechijB. 
 
 PES'TILENCE, Pesfilen'tia, Pestil'ifas, ixom 
 2}e^tis, 'a pest.' A, malignant spreading diw-ase; 
 — applied especially to plague. 
 
 Pestilence, Choleeic, Cholera spasmoc^'ca — • 
 p. Glandular, Plague — p. Hfemagastric, jt-ever. 
 yellow — p. Septic, Plasrue. 
 
 PESTILENT-WORT, Tussilago petasitei. 
 PESTILENTIA, Plague — p. Hajmagaotrica, 
 Fever, yellow. 
 
 PESTILENT'IAL, Pestilentia'lis, PestiUmtia'^- 
 rius, Pestilentio'sus, Pestilen'fus, from peiiis, ' a 
 pest.' Relating to the plague. Pestilential dis- 
 eases are those that bear some resemblance to the 
 
PESTILITAS 
 
 660 
 
 PEUCEDANUM 
 
 plague, in respect to mode of propagation, symp- 
 toms, danger, &c. 
 
 PESTILITAS, Plague. 
 
 PESTIS, Plague— p. Acutissima, Plague— p. 
 Adeno-septica, Plague — p. Americana, Pever, 
 yellow — p. Bellica, Tj'phus — p. Britannica, Sudor 
 Anglicus — p. Bubonaria orientalis. Plague — p. 
 Contagiosa, Plague — p. Glandulosa, Plague — p. 
 Glossanthrax, Glossanthrax — p. Inguinaria, 
 Plague — p. Intertropica, Eever, yellow-^p. Occi- 
 deutalis, Pever, yellow — p. Orientalis, Plague — 
 p. Septica, Plague — p. Variolosa, Variola. 
 
 PESTLE, Pilum— p. Spring, see Pilum. 
 
 PET, Fart. 
 
 PETALE, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 PETASITES, Tussilago petasites — p. Hybri- 
 da, Tussilago petasites — p. Officinalis, Tussilago 
 petasites — p. Vulgaris, Tussilago petasites. 
 
 PETAURUM. A scat suspended by ropes, in 
 which a person taking the exercise sat, and was 
 tossed about by assistants. — Juvenal and Martial. 
 
 PETE'CHI^, Petic'ulcB, Pestich'im, Pestle" iw, 
 Pimctic'tdcB, Pur'jmra maliy'na, Por'vJiyra Grm- 
 co'rum. Small spots, similar in shape and colour 
 to flea-bites, which occur spontaneously upon the 
 skin, in the course of severe fevers, &o. They 
 are, under such circumstances, signs of great 
 prostration. 
 
 Petechia sraE Pebke, Purpura simplex. 
 
 PETECHIAL SCUP.VY, Purpura simplex. 
 
 PETECHIANOSIS, Purpura hcemorrhagica. 
 
 PET'ELA TRIFOLIA'TA, Shrubby Tre'foil, 
 Swamp dor/wood, Stinking Pra'irie Bush, Stink- 
 ing ash, Wing-seed. A tall indigenous shrub — 
 famihj, Xanthoxj'lacesB — which flowers in June. 
 It has been used as a tonic and antiperiodie. 
 
 PETER'S PILLS, Pilulas Aloes et Cambogia) 
 — p. Worm lozenges, see Worm lozenges, Sher- 
 /nan's. 
 
 PETICULiE, PetechiEe. 
 
 PETIGO, Impetigo. 
 
 PETIjSTA, Sole. 
 
 PETIOLUS, Pediolus, diminutive of pea, ' a 
 foot. A footstalk or leafstalk of a plant. A 
 petiole. 
 
 Petiolus Epiglottidis. The root of the epi- 
 glottis. 
 
 Petioltjs Mallei, Manubrium mallei. 
 
 PETIT CO URIER, Influenza— p. Lait, Serum 
 Inctis — p. Lait d' Hoffmann, Serum lactis Iloff- 
 manni — p. 3Ial, see Epilepsy — p. Sus-maxillo- 
 lahiaU Levator anguli oris. 
 
 PETITE POS'TE, Influenza. 
 
 PETROLEUM, Petroleum. 
 
 PETRyEUM, Solidago virgaurea. 
 
 PETRAPIUM, Eubon Macedonicum. 
 
 PETREOLE, Petroleum. 
 
 PETREUX, {OS,) see Temporal bone. 
 
 PETRO DEL PORCO, Bezoar of the Indian 
 porcupine. 
 
 PETROLE, Petroleum. 
 
 PETRO'LEUM, Petrolce'nm, Petrcsleum, Petra 
 olexun, Bitu'men Petroleiim, Pisselce'iim In'dieum, 
 Rock Oil, Petroleum Barbaden'se,Barbadoea Tar, 
 (F.) Petrole ou Pet.reole, from Trcrpog, 'rock,' and 
 eXaiov, ' oil.' A bituminous substance of a fetid 
 odour, and bitter, acrid taste* It is semi-liquid, 
 t&nacious, semi-transparent; of a reddish-brown 
 colour; insoluble in water and alcohol; combines 
 •with fixed and essential oils and sulphur; and is 
 partially soluble in ether. The petroleum found 
 at Gabian, near B^ziers, in France, has been 
 called Oleum Gabia'num, (F.) Huile de Gabian, 
 Petrolpum ruovum. 
 
 PETRO-OCCII'ITAL, Petro-occipitalis. Be- 
 longing tu. the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone and to the occipital bone. 
 
 Petro-Occipital Suture is formed by the 
 junction of the petrous portion of the temporal to 
 the occipital bone. It is a deep groove separa- 
 ting the bones, which have between them a thin 
 layer of cartilage. 
 
 PETRO -SALPIN'GO-PHARYNGEUS. A 
 fleshy fasciculus, which extends from the sphe- 
 noid bone, from the petrous portion of the tem- 
 poral bone, and from the Eustachian tube to the 
 upper part of the pharynx. See Constrictor. 
 
 PETRO-SALPINGO-STAPHYLINUS, Cir- 
 cumflexus — p. Salpingo-staphylinus, Levator pa- 
 lati — p. Staphylin, Levator palati. 
 
 PETRO-SPHENOID'AL, Petro-sphenoida'lis. 
 Belonging to the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone and to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Petho-Sphenoidal Suture; — a name given 
 to the small suture which is formed by the ante- 
 rior edge of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone and the posterior edge of the sphenoid. 
 
 Petroleum Barbadense, Petroleum. 
 
 Petroleum Sulphura'tum, Bal'samum Sul- 
 2')huris Barbaden'se, — (Composed oi petrol. Bar- 
 bad, ^xvj, _/?or. Sulph. ^iv) has been used as a 
 pectoral; and as a detergent to ulcers. It has 
 been accounted antispasmodic and sudorific. 
 Dose, gtt. X to XXX. Externally, it is used as a 
 stimulant and discutient. 
 
 PETROSAL, Petrous. 
 
 PETROSELINUM, Apium petroselinum — p. 
 Macedonicum, Bubon Macedonicum. 
 
 PETROSUM, OS, see Temporal. 
 
 PETROUS, Petro'siis, Pctro'sal, from Tttrpog, 
 'a stone.' Resembling stone; having the hard- 
 ness of stone. 
 
 Petrous Gan'glion, Petro'sal Ganglion, Gan- 
 glion of Andersch, is formed by the glosso-pha- 
 ryngeal nerve, shortly after it emerges from the 
 jugular fossa. From this ganglion, M. Jacobson 
 of Copenhagen traced an anastomosing loop 
 through the cavity of the tympanum, which left 
 branches there, and was thence reflected down- 
 wards to join the Vidian nerve. — See Otic Gan- 
 glion. This has been called the Nerve of Jacob- 
 son, Tympan'ie branch of the glosso-pharyngeal, 
 and the inosculation, Jacolson's Anastomo'sis. 
 
 Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone, see 
 Temporal Bone — p. Process, see Temporal Bone. 
 
 Petrous Si'nuses, Petro'sal Sinuses, are two 
 venous sinuses of the dura mater, connected with 
 the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and 
 distinguished on each side, into : — 1. The supe- 
 rior petrosal sinus. It arises from the cavernous 
 sinus ; follows the upper edge of the petrous por- 
 tion which afi'ords it a gutter; passes into the 
 great circumference of the tentorium cerebelli, 
 and opens into the lateral sinus where the latter 
 experiences a bend near the base of the pars pe- 
 trosa. Its form is triangular. 2. The inferior 
 petrosal sinus arises from the cavernous sinus at 
 the same point as the last, with which it commu- 
 nicates at the moment of its origin. It descends 
 between the inferior edge of the pars petrosa and 
 the basilary process ; and terminates in the late- 
 ral sinus, at the sinus or gulf of the internal ju- 
 gular vein. It is triangular, and broader at its 
 extremities than at the middle. 
 
 PETUM, Nicotiana tabacum. 
 
 PEUCE, Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 PEUCEA BALSAMEA, see Pinus abies. 
 
 PEUCEDANUM, P.officina'le,P.alsat'icum seu 
 altia'simum seu panictda'tum seu terna'tnm, Sc- 
 li'nuw peuced'anum, Mar' athrum sylves'tre, Mara- 
 throphyl' lum, Pinastcl'lum, Fccnic' ulnmporci'nvm, 
 Bonus Ge'nius, Hog's Fennel, Snlphurwort, (F.) 
 Queue de Pourceau, Fenouil de Pore. Fainily, 
 Umbelliferse. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 
 The root has a strong, fetid smell — somewhat re- 
 
PEVPLIER 
 
 6fil 
 
 PHALANX 
 
 semliling that of sulphureous solutions — and an 
 acrid, unctuous, bitterish taste. It has been re- 
 commended as antihysteric and nervine. 
 
 Peucedaxum Alsaticum, Peucedanuni — p. Al- 
 tissimum.Peucedanum — p.OSicinale,Peucedanum 
 — p. Oreoselinum, Athamanta aureoseliniim — p. 
 Pauiculatum, Peucedanum — p.Pi-atense, P. silaus. 
 Peucedanum Silaus, P.praten'se, Ses'eli pra- 
 ten'se, Stum sil'aiis, Ligus'ticum ail'aus, Ciiid'ium 
 til' ails, Saxif'raga vulga'ris, S. An'glica, Hippo- 
 mar'athrum, Fomic'idum er'raticum, English or 
 Meadow S(xx'ifrage, (F.) Seseli des pres. The 
 roots, leaves, and seeds have been recommended 
 as aperients, diuretics, and carminatives. Rarely 
 used. 
 
 Peucedanum Ternatum, Peucedanum. 
 PEUPLIEli NOIR, Populus. 
 PEXIS, Concretion. 
 
 PEY'EEI GljA.WD'U'LM,G.Perjeria'ncB,Pey'- 
 eri Plexus glandtdo'si, Gland' idm miico'sa coag- 
 mina'tm seu agmina'tcB seu mueip'arcB racema'tim 
 conges'tcB intestino'rum, G. tntestina'les sen plexi- 
 for'mes seu spu'rim, Corpus' cida glandula'rum 
 aimil'ia seu Gland'ulcB in agmen eongrega'tce in- 
 testino'rum, Enterade'nes, Pei/er's Glands, Ag'mi- 
 ■nated or aggregate glands. Small glands or fol- 
 licles, situate beneath the villous coat of the in- 
 testines. They are clustered together, having a 
 honey-comb appearance — Plaques gavfrees — and 
 are extremely numerous. They occur most nu- 
 merously in the lower portion of the ileum. Their 
 .structure and functions are not well known. 
 
 PEZA, 7!£^a, Doric and Arcadian for irovg, 'a 
 foot.' The foot: according to some, the sole of the 
 foot; and to others, the astragalus. The ankle. 
 PEZrZA seu PEZE'ZA AURICULA, Tre- 
 inell'a auric'ida, Auricula JudcB, Auricula'ria 
 sambu'ci seu sambu'cina, Exid'ia auric' ulajudm, 
 Jleru'lius auric'ula, Fungus sambu'cinus, Agar'i- 
 cits Auric' ulm forma, Jew's Ear. This fungus is 
 said to be astringent ; but has chiefly been used 
 as a gargle in relaxed sore throat. 
 
 PFEFFERS or PFAFFERS, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF, Thermos Piperi'na:, Th. faha'- 
 ricB. These springs, which are in the Swiss Alps, 
 are simply thermal: temperature 100° of Fah- 
 renheit. 
 
 PHAGE, Pha'cea, Phacus, 6aKri ; a grain of 
 the lentil, Ervum lens. Also, chloasma ; the 
 crystalline lens ; and a flask for the application 
 of heat, so called owing to its flattened lens-like 
 shape. 
 
 PHACELLUS, Fasciculus. 
 PHACELUS, Fasciculus. 
 PHACHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis, 
 PHACI, Ephelides. 
 
 PHA'CICUS,/'^arco'f«s, Phaco'des; flora ^aKv, 
 'lens.' Lens-shaped, lenticular. 
 
 PHACI'TIS, Phacoidei'tis, Lenti'tis,Crystal- 
 li'tis, Gleni'tis, from (paKog, 'a lens,' and itis, a 
 termination denoting inflammation. Inflamma- 
 tion of the crystalline lens. Inflammation of the 
 capsule of the lens is termed Capsi'tis, CapsuW- 
 tis, and Crystal' lino-capsuli' tis. 
 PHACO'DES, Phacicus. 
 
 PHACOHYMENI'TIS, Phahomeni'tis, PTiac- 
 Jii/meni'tis, Inflamma'tio eap'sidce lentis ; from 
 (paxog, 'a, lens,' 'vixrjv, 'a membrane,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the cap- 
 sule of the crystalline. 
 
 PHACOIDEITIS, Phacitis. 
 PHACOMALACIA, Cataract, soft. 
 PHAC'OPIS, Phaco'ftis; from <paKv, 'lens,' 
 and KOTTis, ' a knife ;' Scalpel'lum lenticula're. A 
 lenticular-shaped knife. 
 
 PHACOPS'IS, from ^uk,,, 'lens/ and o^i;, 'vi- 
 
 sion.' The state of one who has chloasma or 
 freckles on the face. 
 
 PHACOPTIS'ANA, Pha'cium ; from (panrj, 
 •lens,' and nTtaavi], 'drink.' A drink of lentils. 
 A poultice, of lentils. 
 PHACOS, Ervum lens. 
 PHACOSCOTOMA, Cataract. 
 PHACOTUS, Phacicus, Phacopis. 
 PHACUS, Phace. 
 
 PHADARODES, Trachoma tuberculosum. 
 PHADAROSIS, Trachoma tuberculosum. 
 PHyENIGMUS, Phenigmus. 
 PHiENOMENOLOGIA, Semiology. 
 PHENOMENON, Phenomenon. 
 PHAGENA. Boulimia. 
 
 PHAGEDJ3NA, Boulimia, Phagedenic ulcer— 
 p. Sloughing of the mouth. Cancer aquatjcus — p. 
 Gangrenosa, Hospital gangrene. 
 
 PHAGEDEN'IC, Phageda'nicus, Bepae'cens, 
 from (payoi, ' I eat.' 
 
 Phagedenic Ulcer, Nome, Phagedce'na, Ulcitu 
 dejjae'cens seu obam'bulans seu feri'nnm, is one 
 which rapidly eats and corrodes the neighbouring 
 parts. 
 
 Phageden'ic, in Materia Medica, is a substance 
 used for destroying fungous granulations in ul- 
 cers, &c. 
 
 PHAKOHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis. 
 PHALACRA, Calvities. 
 PHALACROMA, Calvities. 
 PHALACROSIS, Calvities. 
 PHALACROTIS, Alopecia. 
 PHALiENA PINGUINALIS, see Ectozoa. 
 PHALAIA. A barbarous term, employed by 
 Basil Valentine to designate a universal medicine 
 or panacea. 
 
 PHALAN'GAL, Phalan'gian, Phalangia'nus. 
 Having relation to a phalanx. 
 
 PHALANGARTHRI'TIS, from <paUy^, 'a 
 phalanx,' apflpoi', 'a joint,' and la's, denoting in- 
 flammation. Gout in the fingers. Inflammatioa 
 of the joints of the fingers. 
 PHALANGE, Phalanx. 
 
 PHALANGES DES DOIGTS, see Phalanx— 
 p. of the Fingers, see Phalanx — p>- '"''^* Orteils, 
 see Phalanx — p. of the Toes, see Phalanx. 
 PHALANGETTES, see Phalanx. 
 PHALANGETTIEN. Professor Chaussier 
 uses this term for any thing relating to the third 
 phalanx of the fingers or toes, — Phalangien, for 
 what relates to the first, — and Phalanyinien, to 
 the second. 
 
 PHALANGIAN, Phalangal. 
 PHALANGIEN, see Phalangettien. 
 PHALANGTNES, see Phalanx. 
 PHALANGINFEN, see Phalangettien. 
 PHALANGIUM ESCULENTUM, Scilla es- 
 culenta. 
 
 PHALANGO'SIS, Hispid' Has, from <paXay^, 
 ' a row of soldiers.' An affection of the eyelids 
 in which the lashes are arranged in two or three 
 rows. See Trichiasis. Also, dropping of the 
 upper eyelid, from paralysis of the levator palpe- 
 brae superioris muscle. 
 
 PHALANX, Phalan'ge, Phalango'ma. Same 
 etymon. A name given to the small bones which 
 form the fingers and toes, because placed along- 
 side each other like a phalanx. They are distin- 
 guished into the Phalanges of the fingers, Ossa 
 seu Ag'mina seu A'cies seu Artic'uli seu Scut-ic'- 
 vla seu Scu'tidcB seu Nodi seu Interno'dia seu 
 Scytal'ides seu Con'dyli JDigito'mm Manus ; and 
 the Phalanges of the Toes, Ossa seu Artic'uli seu 
 Interno'dia Higito'rum Pedis. I. Phalanges of 
 the fingers, (P.) Phalanges des doigts. They ar.,, 
 in each hand, fourteen, — three to each finger, and 
 two to the thumb ; and are situate one above the 
 other. They are distinguished, numerically, reck^ 
 
PHALARIS 
 
 662 
 
 PnARMACT 
 
 oning from the base towards the tip of the finger. 
 
 1. The Ji)-st"or metacarpal, Procon'dyli, (F.) Pre- 
 mieres phalanges ou Phalanges metacarpiennes. 
 
 2. The second or middle phalanges, (F.) Secondes 
 phalanges ou Phalanges moyennes, Phalangines, 
 (Ch.) 3. The third phalanges, Metacon'dyli, Pha- 
 Inn'ges un'gnium, (F.) Troisihnes phalanges ou 
 Phalanges ungueales, unguiferes, ungidnales, Pha- 
 langettes (Ch.), which terminate each finger, and 
 support the nail. 11. Phalanges of the Toes, (F.) 
 Phalanges des Orteils. They are the same in 
 number as those of the fingers, but much smaller, 
 and of a very different shape. 
 
 The phalanges of a finger or toe are united 
 with each other ; and the first with the metacar- 
 pal or metatarsal bone. They are developed 
 from two points of ossification ; one for the supe- 
 rior extiemitj', and the other for the body and 
 inferior extremity. 
 
 PHAL'ARIS CANARIEN'SIS, P. o»a'fa,C^(;'- 
 tivated Canary Grass, (F.) Alpiste. Family, Gra- 
 njineae. Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia. The seed 
 of this grass, Canary seed, (F.) Graines d'aspic, 
 afford a nourishing meal. The ancients recom- 
 mended them for allaying pains in the kidney 
 and bladder. 
 
 PHALLAL'GIA, Phallodyn'ia, from tpaXkoi, 
 ' the male organ/ and a^yo;, 'pain.' Pain in the 
 male organ. 
 
 PHALLANCTLOSIS, Chordee. 
 PHALLI'TIS, Priajn'tis, from (pa'SXog, 'the 
 male organ,' and itis, a sufiBx denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the male organ. 
 PHALLOCAMPSIS, Chordee. 
 PHALLOCARCIXO'MA, from tfaWo;, 'the 
 male organ,' a,nd KapKivwiia, 'cancer,' Carcinoma 
 or cancer of the penis. 
 
 PHALLODYNIA, Phallalgia. 
 PHALLON'CUS, from (paWos, 'the male or- 
 gan,' and oyKos, ' swelling.' Tumefaction of the 
 male organ. 
 
 PHALLOPSOPH'IA, from i^aXXoy, 'the male 
 organ,' and vfo^oj, ' a noise.' Discharge of wind 
 from the male urethra. 
 
 PHALLOPi,RHAG"IA, from (pa\Ui, 'the male 
 organ,' and pr/yvu/ut, ' I break out.' Hemorrhage 
 from the male urethra. Stimatosis. 
 PHALLORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea. 
 PHALLORRHOiS'CHESIS, from ^aUog, 'the 
 male organ,' porj, 'discharge,' and ia)(tiv, ' to with- 
 hold.' Sudden arrest of a gonorrhoeal discharge. 
 PHALLUS, Penis. 
 
 PHANEROG'AMOUS, Phanerogam' ic, Phane- 
 rogam'icus, from (pavcpog, ' evident,' and yajiog, 
 ' marriage.' An epithet used by botanists for 
 plants whose sexual organs are apparent. It is, 
 consequently, the opposite to cryptogamous. 
 PHANTASIA, Delirium, Imagination. 
 PHANTASM, Phantas'ma, Phanto'ma, Phas- 
 ma, from ^avra^io, ' I make appear.' A phantom, 
 false appearance, apparition. Hallucination. De- 
 rangement of the sense of sight or of the intellec- 
 tual faculties, causing objects to be perceived, 
 ■which are not before the eyes. 
 PHANTASMA, Pseudoblepsia. 
 PHANTASMATICUS, Phantasticus. 
 PHANTASMATOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia, 
 PHANTASMOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 PHANTAS'TICUS, Inebriant. Creating phan- 
 tasms — phantasmat'icus. 
 PHANTOM, Fantom. 
 
 PHANTOMA, Phantasma — p. Obstetricium, 
 Fantom. 
 
 PHARMACEIA, Poisoning. 
 PHARMACEUM, Apotheca. 
 
 PHARMACEUS, Apothecary, 
 PHARMACEUTA, Apothecary. 
 PHARMACEU'TIC, Pharmaceu'ticus, from 
 <l>apnaKov, 'a medicine.' An epithet for every 
 thing belonging to pharmacy. Thus, we say, 
 Pharmaceutical 2'>repa,rations, &c 
 PHARMACEUTICE, Pharmacy, 
 PHARMACEUTIST, Apothecary. 
 PHAR2IACIEN, Apothecary. 
 PHARMACOCATAGRAPHOLOG"IA, Catn- 
 grapholog"ia, Ars for'mtdas concinnan'di, from 
 (jiapjiaKov, 'a medicine,' Kara, 'beneath,' ypaipij, 'a 
 writing,' and Xoyos, 'a description.' The art of 
 writing prescriptions. — J. J. Plenck. 
 
 PHARMACOCHYMIA, Chymistry, pharma- 
 ceutical, 
 
 PHARMACODYNAM'ICS, from (papiiaKov, 'a 
 medicine,' and Swajxis, ' power.' Pharmacody- 
 nam'ice, Dynam'ieal Materia Medica, Pharmaco- 
 dynam'ica doctri'na, Pharmacodynamiolog"iu. A 
 division of pharmacology, which considers the 
 effects and uses of medicines. 
 
 PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA, Pharmaeo, 
 dynamics. 
 
 PHARMACOGNOS'IA, Aceognos'ia, Acognos'- 
 ia, from (papjtaKov, 'a medicine,' andyvwo-if, 'know- 
 ledge.' A division of pharmacology, which treats 
 of simples, or unprepared medicines, 
 PHARMACOLOGIA, Materia medica, 
 PHARMACOMA'NIA, from 0ap/ya>cov, 'a me- 
 dicine,' and fiavia, 'mania,' One who has a ma- 
 nia for prescribing or for taking medicine. 
 PHARMACON, Poison. 
 
 PHARMACOPCE'IA, Pharmacopoe'a, (P,) 
 Pliarmacojiee, from (papixaKov, 'a medicine,' and 
 iTotiti), ' I make,' A work, containing a collection 
 of formulee for the preparation, <fec., of medicines : 
 generally published by authority. Formerly, a 
 chemical laboratory, Laborato'rium chym'icum 
 seu pharmaceut'icum. 
 
 PHARMACOPGEUS, Apothecary, Druggist. 
 
 PHARMACOPOLA, Apothecary, Druggist. 
 
 PHARMACOPOLE, Apothecary, Druggist. 
 
 PHARMACOPOLI'UM, Apothe'ca, Offici'na, 
 
 Taher'na Med'ica. The shop of the druggist or 
 
 apothecary, from (pap/iuKov, ' a medicine,' and 
 
 TTuXtw, ' I sell,' 
 
 PHARMACOPOS'IA, from <papiiaKov, 'a medi- 
 cine,' and -rroct;, ' a potion,' A liquid medicine, 
 especially one that is cathartic, 
 
 PHARMACO'SA MEDICAMEN'TA, from 
 ipapfxaKov, ' a poison.' Medicines that contain 
 poisonous substances. — Fallopius. 
 
 PHARMACOTHE'CA, <papixaKoSnKr,, from <pap- 
 ftaKov, 'a medicine,' and Ti&riftt, 'I place.' A caee 
 for medicines. 
 
 PHARMACOTHERAPI'A, from tpapfxaKov, and 
 BcpaiTua, 'treatment.' Cure of diseases by re- 
 medies. 
 
 PHARMACTER, Apothecary. 
 PHARMACUM, Medicament, Poison— p. 
 jSilgyptiacum, iEgyptiacum — p. Amatorium, Phil- 
 ter, 
 
 Phar'macum ad Atjues, jEgyp'tium Medica- 
 men'tnm ad Aures. A name given to a medicine, 
 composed of bitter almonds, white pepper, saf- 
 fron, myrrh, opium, frankincense, castor, verjuice, 
 sulphate of iron, vinegar, pomegranate-bark, un- 
 guentum nardinum, &c. It was believed to bo 
 useful for cleansing fetid ulcers in the ears. 
 PHARMACURGICUS, Apothecary. 
 PHARMACURGUS, Apothecary, 
 PHAR'MACY, Pharmaci'a, Pharmaceu'ticS, 
 Pharmax'is, from (jiappiaKov, 'a medicine.' The 
 art which teaches the knowledge, choice, preser- 
 
PHARMAXIS 
 
 663 
 
 PHARTNGOSPASMUS 
 
 vation, preparation, and combination of medi- 
 cines. It was formerly divided into Galen'ical 
 and Ohym'ical. The former, called after Galen, 
 embraced the operations undertaken on medi- 
 cines without chymistry; — the latter, Chymical 
 Pharmacy or Pharmaceu'tic Chymistry, Pharma- 
 coehym'ia, comprised the preparation of medi- 
 cines, founded on the chymical action of their 
 principles. 
 
 PHARMAXIS, Pharmacy. 
 PHARNA'CEUM LINEA'RE. A South Afri- 
 can plant, JVat. Ord. ParonychiaceiB, employed 
 at the Cape in pulmonary affections. It is gene- 
 rally given in infusion. 
 PHARUS, Pharynx. 
 PHARYGATHRON, Pharynx. 
 PHARYGETHRUM, Pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNG^'UM {^Al..), irom pharynx. A 
 compound of cream of tartar, nitrate of potassa, 
 burnt alum, and distilled vinegar. It was for- 
 merly employed, united with honej' and plantain- 
 water, to make gargles, which were advised in 
 quinsv. 
 
 PHAR YNGE, Pharyngeal. 
 
 PHARYNGE'AL, Pharyngcs'its, (F.)Pharynge, 
 Pharyngien. That which relates to the pharj'nx. 
 A name given to the muscles, vessels, and nerves 
 of the pharynx. 
 
 Phauyngeal Arteries. These are two in 
 number. The one — superior or pterygo-palatine, 
 Pamus Pharyiigm'us supe'rior of Haller — ai'ises 
 from the internal maxillary at the base of the 
 zygomatic fossa, passes through the pterygo- 
 palatine canal, and proceeds to be distributed to 
 the pharynx and the corresponding part of the 
 Eustachian tube. The other — the 'inferior — 
 Pharyngcs'a aseen'dens of Haller — arises from 
 the external carotid, on a level with the facial. 
 It ascends along the lateral and posterior part 
 of the pharynx, and divides into two branches : 
 the one — ih.B j^haryngeal, properly so called — is 
 distributed to the pharynx ; the other — the ?ne- 
 iiingeal — gives its branches particularly to the 
 dura mater. 
 
 Pharyngeal K'erte. A branch sent by the 
 pneumogastric to the pharynx. It descends be- 
 hind the internal carotid ; communicates with 
 the glosso-pharj'ngeal ; and divides, opposite the 
 middle constrictor of the pharynx, into a great 
 number of filaments, which anastomose, in a mul- 
 titude of different directions, with filaments of the 
 glosso-pharyngeal nerve, of the superior laryn- 
 geal branch, and of the first cervical ganglion. 
 These different nervous filaments united consti- 
 tute the 2^haryngeal plexus, the irregular meshes 
 of which send numerous ramifications to the 
 pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngeal Voice, see Voice. 
 
 PHARYNGEMPHRAXIS, from 0ap«y|, 'the 
 pharynx,' and ci^ppa^ts, 'obstruction.' Obstruc- 
 tion of the pharynx. 
 
 PHARNGETHROiSr, Pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGEURYSMA, Pharyngocele. 
 
 PHARYNGICUS, Pharyngeal. 
 
 PHAB YNGIEN, Pharyngeal. 
 
 PHARYNGITE, Cynanche pharyngea— ^. 
 Tonsillaire, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 PHARYNGITIS, Cynanche pharyngea. 
 
 Pharyngitis Aposteuato'sa. Abscess of the 
 pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngi'tis, Diphtherit'ic, Angi'napaeudo- 
 membrnna'cea, A. memhrana'cea, A. pellicula' ria, 
 A. plas'tica, A. diphtherit'ica, A. malig'na, A. 
 pseudo-riiemhrano'sa, A. pestilentia'lia, Pharyn- 
 ffoc'ace, Pseudo-memhranoua Injlammation of the 
 Throat, (F.) Angine couenneuse, A. gutturale cou- 
 enneuse, A, pseudo-memhraneuae, A. ^laatigue, A. 
 
 dipJ/theritique. Diphtheritic inflammation of tha 
 pharynx. See Cynanche maligna. 
 
 Pharyngi'tis, Follic'ular, Follicular Inf am- 
 mation ff the Pharynx, Angi'na folliculo' sa of the 
 Pharynx, Acne of the Throat. Inflammation and 
 enlargement of the follicles of the pharynx, oc- 
 casionally extending to the larynx. Sometimes 
 termed Clergyman's Sorethroat, Tubercles of the 
 Larynx and Fauces, and Tuber'cular Sorethroat. 
 
 Pharyngi'tis, Gangrenous, Cynanche ma- 
 ligna. 
 
 PHARYNGOCACE, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic. 
 
 PHARYNGOCE'LE, Pharyngeurys'ma, Bi- 
 vertic' idiim seu Hernia seu Prolap'sus (Esoph'agi 
 vel piharyn'gis, CEsoph'agus succenturia'tus, from 
 fapvy^, 'the pharynx,' and KriXrj, 'a tumour.' An 
 enlargement at the upper part of the gullet, in 
 which the food sometimes rests in considerable 
 quantity. 
 
 PHARYNGODYN'IA, from (^apvy^, 'the pha- 
 rynx,' and oivvri, 'pain.' Pain in the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOGLOS SAL, Glossopharyngeal, 
 Pharyngoglossia'nua. That which belongs to the 
 pharynx and tongue. 
 
 Pharyngoglossal Nerve, Glossopharyngeal 
 Nerve, Lingua'lis latera'lis, (F.) Nerf Glossopua- 
 ryngien, Pharyngoglosaien — a portion of the 
 eighth pair — arises from the superior and lateral 
 parts of the spinal marrow, between the facial 
 and pneumogastric nerves, by several filaments, 
 which soon unite into a single cord, that passes 
 out of the cranium by the foramen lacerum ante- 
 rius ; goes downwards and forwards, and gains 
 the posterior and inferior part of the tongue. 
 Immediately after its exit from the cranium, it 
 gives a branch to the meatus auditorius externus, 
 and receives a filament from the facial, and 
 another from the pneumogastric nerve. It then 
 furnishes two other filaments, which descend 
 upon the carotid artery, and unite at the bottom 
 of the neck with branches from the cervical gan- 
 glions and cardiac nerves, and give two filaments 
 to the stylo-pharyngeus muscle. The glossopha- 
 ryngeus, after sending a twig or two to the tonsil, 
 to the upper part of the pharynx and membrane 
 of the epiglottis, divides into many branches, 
 which run partly to the margin, and partly to the 
 middle of the root of the tongue ,• supplying, 
 especially, the papillae majores, and the parts in 
 their neighbourhood. 
 
 By some, this nerve is regarded as the controller 
 of the associated motions of the tongue and pha- 
 rynx. By others, it is esteemed to be the special 
 nerve of gustation. 
 
 PHARY NGOG ' RAPHY, Pharyngogra 'phia, 
 from (papvy^, 'the pharynx,' and ypa<pri, 'a de- 
 scription.' An anatomical description of the 
 pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOL'OGY, Pharyngolog" ia, from 
 (papvy^, 'the pharynx,' and Aoyoj, 'a discourse.' 
 The part of anatomy which treats of the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOLYSIS, Pharyngoplegia. 
 
 PHARYNGOPARALYSIS, Pharyngoplegia. 
 
 PHARYNGOPLE'GIA, from .papvy^,-' the pha- 
 rynx,' and 7rA;j(r(7(i), ' I strike.' I)yspha'gia para~ 
 lyt'ica, B. tor'pida, D. aton'ica, Angi'na pa ralyt'- 
 ica, Aatheni'a Deglntitio'nis, PharyngoV ysia, Pha- 
 ryngoparaV ysia Parol' y sis CEsogpih'agi, Gulai 
 Imbecil'litaa. Paralysis of the pharjmx or ceso- 
 phagus : commonly a symptom of general para- 
 lysis, or of approaching dissolution. 
 
 PHARYNGORRHAG"IA ; from 0a/3«yf, 'the 
 pharynx,' and payrj, 'rupture.' Hemorrhage from 
 the vessels of the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOSPAS'MUS; from ^apvyi, 'the 
 pharynx,' and cTzaajios, 'spasm.' Spas^ or cramp 
 of the pharynx. 
 
PHARYNGOSTAPHYLINUS 
 
 PHIMO'SIS 
 
 PHARYKGOSTAPHYLINUS, Palato-pha- 
 ryngeus. 
 
 PHARYNGOTOME, Pharyngot'omus, from 
 <j>apvY^, 'the pharynx,' and te^vu, 'I cut.' An 
 instrument, invented by J. L. Petit, used to 
 scarify inflamed tonsils, and to open abscesses, 
 which form in the parietes of the pharynx. It 
 is composed of a long, narrow blade with a lancet 
 point, enclosed in a sheath or canula of silver 
 slightly curved. This instrument is carried to 
 the part to be cut, and the point of the blade is 
 made to pass out of the sheath, by pressing on a 
 button at the end of the pharyngotome. A spring 
 causes the blade to re-enter as soon as the pressure 
 is removed. 
 
 PHARYNGOT'OMY, Phanjngotom'ia ; same 
 etymon. Some authors have used this word 
 synonymously with oesophagotomy. It means, 
 also, scarification of the tonsils, or an incision, 
 made for opening abscesses there, &c. 
 
 PHARYNX, Pharyx, Phnrus, Gula, LamoB, 
 Fauces, Pharycj' ethrum, Pharyn'gethron, Pha- 
 ryn'gethros, Pharygathron, lathmos, Isth' mion, 
 Iiight'oies, Princip'ium Gulce, Os pos'terum, (F.) 
 Arriere-hotiche, Gosier. A species of musculo- 
 membranous, symmetrical canal, on the median 
 line, irregularly funnel-shaped, and situate be- 
 tween the base of the cranium and the ossophagus, 
 in front of the vertebral column. It is very nar- 
 row above ; but dilates in the middle, and again 
 contracts below, at its junction with the oesopha- 
 gus. Into the anterior paries of the pharynx 
 open, successively, from above to below,- — the 
 posterior orifices of the nasal fossse ; the Eusta- 
 chian tubes ; the posterior aperture of the mouth, 
 and the top of the larynx. The pharynx is 
 formed, externally, of a muscular coat, and, in- 
 ternally, of a mucous membrane, which is con- 
 tinuous, above, with the Schneiderian membrane; 
 and in the middle, with that of the mouth ; be- 
 low, with that of the oesophagus ; and, at the 
 sides, with that of the Eustachian tubes. This 
 jnembrane has no villi, and presents only a few 
 inequalities, which are owing to the presence of 
 muciparous follicles. The muscular coat of the 
 fiharynx is composed of the constrictor muscles, 
 stylopharyugei, and pharyngostaphj'lini. The 
 vessels and nerves are called pharyngeal. The 
 pharynx serves as a common origin for the di- 
 gestive and respiratory passages. It gives passage 
 to the air, during respii'ation ; and to the food at 
 •the time of deglutition. 
 
 Pharynx, Follicular Inflammation of the. 
 Pharyngitis, follicular. 
 PliARYX, Pharynx. 
 PHASELUS, Phaseolus. 
 
 PHASE'OLUS, P. Vulga'Hs, Pham'ohis, PTia- 
 sa'lim, Faae'lus, Fase'olus, Bona, Boonn, Fnha ; 
 the Kidney Bean; the French Bean, (F.) Haricot. 
 ' Family, Leguminosse. Sex. Syat. Diadelphia De- 
 candria. When young and well boiled, this is 
 easy of digestion, and delicately flavoured. It is 
 less flatulent than the pea. 
 
 Phaseolus Creticus, Cajan, Cayan. A de- 
 coction of the leaves, according to Ray, restrains 
 the hemorrhoidal flux when excessive. 
 Phaseolus Vulgaris, Phaseolus. 
 PHASIA'NUS GALLUS, so called from the 
 river '^naiq, in Colchis, near the Black Sea : (F.) 
 Coq The parts of generation of the cock, dried 
 and pulverized, were formerly regarded as proper 
 for increasing the quantity of semen. The fat 
 *-as used as emollient and resolvent: the brain, 
 in diarrhoea; the gall, in freckles and diseases of 
 me eyes. These phantasies are now abandoned. 
 PHASIOLUS, Phaseolus. 
 PUASMA, Phantasm. 
 PHATNE, Alveolus. 
 
 PHATNION, Alveolus. 
 
 PHATNORRHAG"IA, StomatorrlMg"ia al- 
 veolo'rum, from (parviov, 'an alveolus,' and priyvvfit, 
 ' I break forth.' Hemorrhage from the alveoli. 
 
 PHAUSIN'GES, (pavciyyES, plural of <pav<Jty^, 
 from 0au^u, ' I roast.' Spots or blisters on the 
 legs, procluced by heat; and, in a more extensive 
 signification, by any other cause. Also, a pus- 
 tule. — Foesius. 
 
 PHELLANDRE, Phellandrium aquaticnm. 
 PHELLAN'DRIUM AQUAT'IGUM, Phellan- 
 drium, CEnan'the phellan'drium sen aquat'ica, Li- 
 gus'ticum phellan'drium, Fcenic'ulum aquat'icum, 
 Cicuta'ria aquatica, Water Fennel, Fine-leaved 
 Water Hemlock, (F.) Phellandre, FenoxUl d'eau, 
 Cigue d'eau. Family, Umbelliferse. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Digynia. This plant is stimulant and 
 narcotic. It has been used in intermittents and 
 dyspepsia. It has, also, been given in phthisis pul- 
 monalis, and in cases of scrofulous atonic ulcers. 
 
 PHENIG'MUS,P/ioe)i%'TO«s, Phanig'mus, from 
 (poivi^, 'red.' Red Jaundice. A cutaneous affec- 
 tion, consisting of redness diffused over the skin, 
 without fever. Sauvages makes it a genus of his 
 order Icteritim. Also, the act of irritating a part 
 by a stimulating application. 
 
 PHENOMENE, Phenomenon. 
 
 PHENOM'ENON, PhcBnom'enon, (F.) PJieno- 
 mene, from (patvoixai, 'I appear. An extraordi- 
 nary and unexpected event. In Medicine, it 
 means any change, appreciable by our senses, 
 which supervenes in an organ or function : — as 
 the pJienomena of the circulation, respiration, <tc. 
 It is used in pathology, synonymously with 
 sj'mptom. 
 
 PHEUGOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 PHEUGYDRON, Hydrophobia. 
 
 PHI'ALA, A Phial or Vial, (F.) Fiole. A 
 small bottle, in which apothecaries are in the 
 habit of sending out their mixtures, draiights, 
 &c. : hence called Jled'icine Vials, (F.) Fiolcs d 
 Medecine. They are usually sold in grosses, and 
 assorted into vials of oz. 8; oz. 4; oz. 3 ; oz. 2j 
 oz. Ih ; oz. 1 ; and oz. 4. 
 
 PlilLADYNAMICA, Debilitants. 
 
 PHILAXTHROPUS, Galium aparine. 
 
 PHILETRGN, Philter. 
 
 PHILETPtUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
 
 PHILIATROS, (pi\iarpoi, from ijnUui, ' I love,' 
 and larpiKri, ' medicine.' An amateur of medicine. 
 One who studies medicine; Studio'sns medici'ncB. 
 
 PHILOBIO'SIS, (F.) Philohiosie: from fiXw, 
 ' I love,' and jSios, ' life.' The love of life. 
 
 PHILCE'NIA, from .^iXeu, 'I love,' and oivo;, 
 'wine.' Love of wine. Addiction to wine. 
 
 PHILOGYNIA, Muliebrositas. 
 
 PHILONIUM LONDINENSE, Confectio opii. 
 
 PHILOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 
 PHILOPATRIDOMANIA, Nostalgia. 
 
 PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, see Akhyray. 
 
 PHILOSOPHIA CORPORIS VIVI, Physi- 
 ology — p. Hermetica, Alchymy — p. per Ignem, 
 Chvniistvv. 
 
 PHILTER, from 0iX£u, 'I love.' Philtrvm, 
 Phil'etron, Phar'wncum vel Poc'ulwnamato'rinrr, 
 Amato'rium vcnefic"ium, (F.) Philtre. A medi- 
 cine or drink considered capable of causing love. 
 
 PHITiTRUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
 
 PHILYRA, Tilia. 
 
 PHIMA, Phyma. 
 
 PHIMOS, Capistrum. 
 
 PHIMO'SICUS. Relating to Phimosis. 
 
 Sauvages calls Ischu'ria phimo'sica, Ischu'rta 
 urethra' lis a phimo'si, the retention of urine which 
 depends upon phimosis. 
 
 PHIMO'SIS, Phymo'sis, Capistra'tio, Epago'- 
 gium, Ligatu'ra glandis, Slrictu'ra prccpu'tii, 
 
PHLASMA 
 
 665 
 
 PHLEGMATIA 
 
 Redkic'tio prcepu'tii impcdi'ta, from iptfiou), 'I bind 
 ux>.' A disease which consists in a jjreternatural 
 narrowness of the opening of the prepuce, so 
 that it cannot be carried behind the corona glan- 
 dis. Tliis afi'ection is most commonly congenital. 
 Sometimes it is accidental, and dependent upon 
 tumefaction of the glans, or of the prepuce, as 
 occurs in syphilis. To remedy this state, the 
 prepuce may be divided by means of a bistoury 
 and director ; or circumcision may be practised. 
 
 Phimosis Adnata seu Congenita sen Pueri- 
 Lis, Congenital phimosis — p. Circumligata, Para- 
 phimosis — p. Congenita, P. adnata. 
 
 Phimo'sis (Edehato'des, Hydrophiino'sis. Phi- 
 mosis with oedematous swelling of the prepuce. 
 
 Phimosis Puerilis, Ph. adnata. 
 
 PHLASMA, Contusion. 
 
 PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS, see Anexirism. 
 
 PHLEBECTA'SIA, Phlebec'tash, from <p\t^\,, 
 ' a vein,' and iKvaaig, ' dilatation.' Dilatation of 
 a vein, or of a portion of a vein. — Alibert. 
 
 PHLEBEOTIARCTIE. A mongrel term, 
 from 0A£i/'' '^ vein,' and arcto, ' I contract.' Con- 
 traction of a vein. 
 
 PHLEBES, (Arteries.) See Artery. 
 
 PHLEBEURYSMA, Varix. 
 
 PHLEB'ION, diminutive of (p\cxp, 'a vein.' A 
 Tein. — Hippocrates. A small vein, — Ve'nula. 
 
 PHLEBLS'MUS; from <p\ixl,, i^AtiSij, 'a vein.' 
 A term employed by Dr. Marshall Hall for the 
 turgeseence of veins, produced by impeded re- 
 turn of the blood. See Trachelismus. 
 
 PHLEBI'TIS, Inflamma'tio vena'rum, (F.) In- 
 fiammation des veines, from (pXetp, ' a vein,' and 
 itis, the termination for inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the inner membrane of a vein, which 
 sometimes follows blood-letting, and extends from 
 the small wound made in that operation to the 
 neighbouring parts of the venous system. The 
 symptoms are, first, inflammation in the punc- 
 tured part ; and, afterwards, a knotty, tense, 
 painful cord, following the direction of the vessel, 
 and accompanied with more or less fever, accord- 
 ing to the extent of the inflammation, the nervous 
 symptoms, &c. Phlebitis, also, sometimes super- 
 venes on the ligature or excision of varices ; after 
 amjiutation, gun-shot wounds, delivery ( Uterine 
 Phlebitis, Metro-plilehi' tis 2'>uerpera'lis, PMebi'tia 
 ttteri'na, Metri'tis veno'sa), the ligature of the 
 umbilical cord, &o. It may terminate by reso- 
 lution, suppuration, ulceration, or gangrene. 
 
 Phlebitis, Critral, Phlcgmatia dolens — p. 
 IJterina, see Peritonitis, and Phlebitis. 
 
 PHLEBOG'RAPHY, Phlebocjra'phia, from 
 ^Ati//, ' a vein,' and ypa(pn, 'a description.' A 
 description of the veins. « 
 
 PHLEB'OLITE, PldeboVitlua, Veinstone, from 
 (pXctp, 'a vein,' and Xt9os, 'a stone.' A loose con- 
 cretion, varying in size from that of a currant to 
 that of a pea, occasionally found in the veins. 
 It would seem to be formed in the blood. 
 
 PHLEBOLITHUS, Phlebolite. 
 
 PHLEBOL'OGY, Phlebolog"ia, from 4,\t^, 'a 
 vein,' and Xoyof, 'a discourse.' The part of ana- 
 tomy which treats of the veins. 
 
 PHLEBOPA'LIA, from (^Xr^, 'a vein,' and 
 jraXXo), 'I palpitate.' With the ancients, pulsa- 
 tion, which they conceived to be produced by the 
 veins. See Pulsus venarum. 
 
 PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA, Oplithalmo- 
 phlebatom'ia, from (pXeip, 'a vein,' oipSa\iJio?, 'the 
 eye,' and tzhvui, ' I cut.' Blood-letting in the eye. 
 PHLEBOPLERO'SIS ECPHRACTICA, In- 
 flammation. 
 
 PHlEBORRnAG"IA, from <p\c^p, 'a vein,' 
 and pnyvvjii, ' I break out.' Rupture of the veins ; 
 
 and, in a more extensive sense, venous hemor- 
 rhage. 
 
 PHLEBORRHEX'IS, from ^Xtif, ' a vein,' and 
 pv^i?, ' rupture.' Rupture of a vein. Also, he- 
 morrhage from a vein, Phleborrhac/'ia. 
 
 PHLEBOSTENO'SIS; from ^Xtt/-, 'a vein/ 
 and oTEvoJcrif, ' contraction.' Constriction or con- 
 traction of a vein. 
 
 PIILEBOT'OMIST, from ^Xe;//, ' a vein,' and 
 T£/ii/(i), ' I cut.' A bleeder. One who practises 
 particularly the art of phlebotomy. See Blood- 
 letting. 
 
 PHLEBOTOMUM, Fleam. 
 
 PHLEBOTOMY, see Blood-letting. 
 
 PHLEBS, Vein. 
 
 PHLEDONIA, Delirium. 
 
 PHLEGM, Phlegma, Pitui'ta, Pit'uite, Ifnciis, 
 (P.) Piiuife. One of the four natural humours 
 of the ancients, which, according to them, was 
 cold and moist, as atrabilis was cold and dry. It 
 predominated, especially, in winter. 
 
 Pituita was afterwards applied to every aque- 
 ous or excrementitious humour, such as the sa- 
 liva, nasal and intestinal mi\cus, serum, &c. 
 The terms phlegm and pituita are no longer used 
 in physiology,— the different humours having re- 
 ceived particular names; but the vulgar still use 
 phlegm to designate a stringy mucus, expecto- 
 rated, or rejected by vomiting. The ancient 
 chymists gave the name 'phlegm' to aqueous, 
 insipid, and inodorous products obtained by sub- 
 jecting moist vegetable matters to the action of 
 heat. 
 
 PHLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM, IS'asal mu- 
 cus — p. Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid (very dilute.) 
 
 PHLEG'MAGOGUE, Phlegwag'o'gus ; from 
 (p\£y^a, 'phlegm,' and ayoi, 'I expel.' A medi- 
 cine, formerly believed capable of ^^ cutting" or 
 removing phlegm. 
 
 PHLEGMAPYRA, Fever adeno-meningeal. 
 
 PHLEGMASIA, Inflammation, Phlegmon — p. 
 Adenosa, Adenitis — p. Alba dolens puerperarum, 
 Ph. dolens — p. Cellularis, Induration of the cel- 
 lular tissue— p. Glandulosa, Adenitis — p. Myoica, 
 Myositis — p. of the Peritoneum, Peritonitis. 
 
 PHLEGMA'TIA, from ^Xty/za, 'phlegm. 
 (Edema, Anasarca, Hydrops. 
 
 Phlegjia'tia Dolens, P. lac'tea, P. dohns 
 pii.erpera' rum, P. alba dolens puerpera'nim, Leu- 
 cophlegmasia dolens puerperarum, Scelon'eus, Sce- 
 lal'gia j>uerpera'rum, Anasar'ca sero'sa, Ecphy'- 
 ma ledeinat'icum, Spargann'sis puerperarum, Ec- 
 chymo'ma hjmphat' ieum, Is'chiaa a spargnno'si, 
 Q^de'ma puerperarmn, (Ed. lacteum, Infarc'tus 
 lac'tei extremita' turn, lletas'tasis lactis, Hjsteral'- 
 gia galae'tica, Hydrophlegma' sia textus cellulo'si, 
 Crural Phlebi'tis, White leg. Swelled leg, JUilk 
 leg. White sicelling of lying in vyomen, (F.) 
 (Edcme des nouvellea aecouchees, (Edeme cloideu- 
 reux des femrnes en cov.che, jDejiot luiteux sur la 
 cuisse, (Edeme actif des nouvelles aecouchees, En- 
 Jlure ou Engorgement des jambes et des cuisses de 
 lafemme accouchee, E. laiieux des membres abdo- 
 minaux. It occurs, for the most part, in the se- 
 cond or third week after delivery : — is limited to 
 the lower extremity, and chiefly to one side; ex- 
 hibiting to the touch a feeling of numerous irre- 
 gular prominences under the skin. It is hot, 
 white, and unyielding ; and is accompanied, 
 sooner or later, with febrile excitement. After a 
 few days, the heat, hardness, and sensibility di- 
 minish, and the limb remains oedematous for a 
 longer or shorter period. The disease frequently, 
 if not generally, consists in the obstruction of the 
 iliac or other veins. Owing to the pressure of 
 the gravid uterus — the flow of blood being ob- 
 structed — the serous part of it is thro»ffn out iiit»' 
 
PHLEGMATLS: 
 
 666 
 
 PHONON'OSI 
 
 the cellular membrane of the limb. Sometimes 
 the vein is found completely obliterated. 
 
 The treatment consists in the use of antiphlo- 
 gistics : — the application of leeches or cupping- 
 glasses near the groin : fomentations to the limb, 
 &c. ; and, when the active state has subsided, the 
 ■use of a roller, applied gently at first, but, after- 
 wards, gradually tightened. 
 
 Phlegmatia Lactea, P. dolens. 
 
 PHLEGMATIC, see Empresma— p. Membra- 
 nosse et parenchymatosse, Empresma. 
 
 PHLEGMATOPYRA, Fever, adeno-menin- 
 geal. 
 
 PHLEGMAT0RRHAG"IA,P^?e5rma?orrAcE'a, 
 Catarrh, from ipXs.yw, 'phlegm,' and ptu, 'I flow,' 
 Stahl and his partisans gave this name to a co- 
 pious secretion, by the nostrils, of a limpid and 
 thin mucus, without inflammation. It is the 
 Cory'za Phlegmatorrhay"ia of Sauvages. See 
 Corvza. 
 
 PHLEGMHYME^^ITIS, Phlegmymenitis, 
 
 PHLEGMOjS', from <i>\tyu>, ' I burn.' Phlogo'- 
 eis phlec/' inone, Phleg'mone, PJilegma'sia, Incen'- 
 dium, Inflavima'tio. Inflammation of the areolar 
 texture accompanied with redness, circumscribed 
 swelling, increased heat and pain; which is, at 
 first, tensive and lancinating; afterwards, pulsa- 
 tory and heavy. It is apt to terminate in suppu- 
 ration. It requires the antiphlogistic treatment, 
 until suppuration seems inevitable, when the sup- 
 puration must be encouraged as the nest favour- 
 able termination to resokitlon. 
 
 PHLEGMON PJERINEPHRETIQUE, Pe- 
 riphrenitis. 
 
 PHLEGMOXE, Inflammation — p. Mammje, 
 Mastodynia apostematosa — p. Mastodynia, Mas- 
 todynia apostema,tosa — p. Parotidaea, Parotis — 
 p. Peritonei, Peritonitis — p. Parulis, Parulis — p. 
 Musculorum, Myositis — p. Ventriculi, Gastritis. 
 
 PHLEGMOXODES, Phlegmonous. 
 
 PHLEGMOIS^OID, Phlegmonous. 
 
 PHLEG'MONOUS, Phlegmono'des, Phleg'mo- 
 noid, from (fKeyfiovrj, 'a phlegmon,' and uioi, 're- 
 semblance.' That which relates or belongs to 
 or resembles phlegmon. 
 
 Phlegmoxous Inflammation is the active in- 
 flammation of the areolar membrane; in contra- 
 distinction to erysipelatous inflammation, or that 
 of the skin. 
 
 PHLEGMOPTRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal. 
 
 PHLEGMORRHAGIA, Blennorrhcea. 
 
 PHLEGMORBHAGIE PUL3WNAIRE, 
 Bronchorrhoea. 
 
 PHLEGMORRHGEA, Blennorrhosa. 
 
 PHLEGMYMENI'TIS,PA%?n^?/me)n*'<?s,from 
 <fKtyna, ' phlegm,' 'vfiriv, ' a membrane,' and itis, 
 the termination for inflammation. Inflammation 
 of a mucous membrane. 
 
 Phlegmymenitis Enterica, see Enteritis. 
 
 PHLEPS, Vein. 
 
 PHLOGIA, Inflammation. 
 
 PHLOGICUS, Inflammatory. 
 
 PHLOGISTIC, Inflammatory. 
 
 PHLOGISTICI, Empresma. 
 
 PHLOGISTOX, Hydrogen. 
 
 PHLOGMUS, Verbascum thapsus. 
 
 PHLOGO'DES, from 0Xof, 'flame,' and n^o;, 
 'resemblance.' Infla'med, Inflamma'tua, Inflam- 
 tnato'rius, Inflammatory. An epithet employed 
 particularly to express the red colour of the face. 
 
 PHLOGOPYRUS, Synocha. 
 
 PHLOGOSED, Inflamed. 
 
 PHLOGO'SIS, Jncen'dium, Inflamma'fion. 
 Some writers use this word exclusively for exter- 
 nal inflammation — phlegmon; others, for that 
 which is superficial or erysipelatous. 
 
 PHLOGOT'ICA, Inflammations. The second 
 order in the class Hcematica of Good. 
 
 PHLOIOS, Cortex. 
 
 PHLOMUS, Verbascum thapsus. 
 
 PHLOOS, Cortex. 
 
 PHLOR'IDZINE, PMoridzi'na, PMoridzin, 
 from (p\oos, 'inner bark,' and pi^a, 'root.' The 
 bitter or active principle of the root and trunk of 
 the apple, pear, cherry, and plum tree. It is de- 
 posited from the decoction on cooling ; crystal- 
 lizes in silky spicula of a dead white colour, when 
 in masses, or in long slender prisms or tables, 
 when crystallized with care. 1000 parts of water, 
 at a temperature of from 32° to 71°, only dissolve 
 about one part; but at from 70° to 212°, it is 
 dissolved in all proportions. It is very soluble 
 in pure alcohol, but only slightly so in ether; 
 s. g. 1.429. It has been administered success- 
 fully in intermittents, — 10 to 20 grains being ge- 
 nerally required to arrest the paroxysm. It may 
 be given either in the form of pill or powder. 
 
 PHLOUS, Cortex. 
 
 PHLOX, Verbascum thapsus. 
 
 PHLYCTCNA, Phhjfjta'nis, PUyctis, Phly- 
 za'cion, Amimllm, Holophhic'tidea, PJdyc' tides, 
 Phly sis, from (/iXu^iu, ' I boil.' Tumours formed 
 by the accumulation of a serous fluid under the 
 epidermis. 
 
 PHLYCTCKULA, see Hydatid. 
 
 PHLYC'TENOID, PhlyctenoVdes. Resem- 
 bling phlyctsente. An epithet for a variety of 
 herpes. 
 
 PHLYCTEX'ULAR, same etymon as Phlyo- 
 tsena. Of or belonging to phly ctanula, — as phlyc- 
 tenular ophthalmia, inflammation of the eye, ac- 
 companied with phlyctaenulae on the cornea. 
 
 PHLYCTIDES, Phlyctajna. 
 
 PHLYCTID'IUM, same etymon. A circular 
 or annular spot of inflammation of the corium, 
 encircled by a red ring or zone, within which 
 suppuration takes place. The genuine small-pox 
 pustule, and that produced by the application of 
 tartar emetic ointment, are examples of it. 
 
 PHLYCTIS, Phlyctsena. 
 
 PHLYSIS, from ^Xw^u, ' I am hot,' ' I boil.' A 
 cutaneous eruption. An ulcerative, subcutaneous 
 tumour: flat, tensive, glabrous; diffused, hot, 
 throbbing; at length fluctuating, -with an acrid 
 ichor. — Good. 
 
 Phlysis, Phlyctaena — p. Ecthyma, Ecthyma 
 — p. Impetigo, Impetigo — p. Porrigo, Porrigo — 
 p. Scabies, Psora. 
 
 PHLYZACIA, Ecthyma. 
 
 PHLYZACION, Phlyctsena, 
 
 PHOBODIPSON, Hydrophobia. 
 
 PHOCOM'ELES, from <pwKri, 'a seal,' and 
 jitKos, 'a limb.' A genus of monsters, in which 
 the limbs are shortened; the hands and feet ap- 
 pearing to exist alone, and to be inserted imme- 
 diately on the trunk, as in the seals and the her- 
 bivorous cetacea. — J. G. St. HilaLre. 
 
 PHCENICISMUS, Rubeola. 
 
 PHCENIGMUS, Phenigmus — p. Petechialis, 
 Purpura simplex. 
 
 PH(ENIX DACTYLIFERA, Date tree — p. 
 Exeelsa, Date tree. 
 
 PHONA'TION, Phova'tio, from <puivr,, 'voice.' 
 The physiology of the voice. 
 
 PHONE, Voice. 
 
 PHO'NICA, <pu>viKa, from (^wi'i/, 'voice.' The 
 first order of the class Pneumatica, in Good's 
 Nosology. Defined : diseases afi'ecting the vocal 
 avenues: — the passage of the voice impeded, or 
 its power suppressed or depraved. 
 
 PHONON'OSI, Phononu'si, from 0a)v»,, 'the 
 voice,' and voooi, ' a disease.' Phonopathi'iSt 
 Morbi vocis. Diseases of the voice. 
 
PnONOPATHIA 
 
 667 
 
 PHREXO 
 
 PHOXOPATHIA, Phononosi. 
 
 PIIORA, Gestation. 
 
 PIIORBE, Pabulum. 
 
 PHORONOM'IA, from (poptonai, or '(ptpo/iat, ' I 
 put m3'self in motion,' and vono;, ' law.' The doc 
 trine of muscular motion. 
 
 PHOROUS, from (pcput, '1 carry.' A suffix de- 
 noting conveyance. Hence, Galacto^jAoj-oiis, &c. 
 
 PHOS, Usht. 
 
 PHOSPHAS CALCICUM STIBIATUM, An- 
 timonial powder — p. Calcis stibiatus, Antimonial 
 powder — p. Natricum, Soda, phosphate of. 
 
 PHOSPHAT'IC, Phosphat'icus, from Phospho- 
 rus. Relating to the phosphates ; hence the 
 Phosphat'ic Diath'esis is the habit of body which 
 favours the deposition of the phosphates from the 
 urine. 
 
 PIIOSPHENE, Photopsia. 
 
 PnOSPHORE, Phosphorus. 
 
 PEOSPHORENESES. M. Baumes unites, 
 under this generic name, diseases which he attri- 
 butes to disordered phosphorization ; i. e. to ex- 
 cess or deficiency of calcareous phosphate or its 
 decomposition. Amongst these affections he 
 ranks rachitis, osteo-malacia, and gout. 
 
 PHOSPHORES 'CENCE, Phosphoreseen 'tra. 
 The properties possessed by certain bodies of be- 
 ing luminous in obscurity, or under particular 
 circumstances. 
 
 PHOS'PHORIC ACID, Ac"idum phosphor'- 
 icum, (F.) Acide phosphorique. A solid, colour- 
 less compound; highly sapid; very soluble in 
 •water, and vitrifiable by fire. It exists in bones 
 combined with lime. It has been employed in 
 medicine in the form of lemonade, in passive he- 
 morrhage, typhus, phthisis, marasmus, <tc., and 
 in injection in eases of cancer of the uterus. It 
 does not seem preferable to other acids. 
 
 PHOSPHORURIA, Urine, phosphorescent. 
 
 PHOS'PHORUS, Phoa'phorum, Autophos'pho- 
 riis, Ignis philosoph'ieus, Lumen constans, from 
 ^ci)y,/ light,' and ipepoi, '1 carry.' (F.) Phosphore. 
 ^A light carrier.' An elementary or undecom- 
 posed substance ; not metallic ; solid ; transparent 
 or semitransparent ; colourless; brilliant; flexible; 
 of a sensible garlic odour ; very inflammable, 
 and susceptible of combining with the oxygen 
 of the atmosphere, at even the ordinary tempera- 
 ture. It does not exist pure in nature, but is 
 found frequently united to other bodies. Its 
 fumes in the manufacture of lucifer and congreve 
 matches have caused, it is said, necrosis of the 
 lower jaw — ' phosphortis jaic disease.' 
 
 Phosphorus has been used in medicine, dis- 
 solved in ether or suspended in the yolk of egg, 
 as a stimulant; but the greatest precautions are 
 necessary in its administration : hence it is rarely 
 employed. 
 
 Phosphorus Jaw Disease, see Phosphorus. 
 
 PHOSPHURIA, Urine, phosphorescent. See 
 Urine. 
 
 PHOTODAMPSIS, Refraction. 
 
 PHOTOMA'NIA, from <pu)g, ' light,' and mania. 
 Insane delirium induced by light. 
 
 PHOTOPHO'BIA, from ipu>s, ^wto;, 'light,' and 
 <po^o;, 'fear.' Aversion to light: — intolerance 
 of light. Nyctalopia. 
 
 PHOTOPHOBICUS, Lucifugus. 
 
 PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA, Nyctalopia. 
 
 PHOTOPHOBUS, Lucifugus. 
 
 PHOTOP'SIA, Visits lu'cidus, from <pu>s, 'light,' 
 and wif') 'the eye.' (F.) Phosphene. A false 
 perception of light, as of sparks, flashes of fire, 
 Ac, occasioned by certain conditions of the retina 
 and brain, and by pressure on the eyeball. When 
 pressure does not induce the luminous appear- 
 
 ance, the existence of amaurosis may be inferred. 
 See Metamorphopsia. 
 
 PHOTU'RIA, from 0uf, 'light,' and ovpop, 
 urine.' A luminous condition of the urine. 
 
 PHRAGMOS, (ppaynos, from (ppaaaw, 'I en- 
 close.' A row of teetli. 
 
 PHRASIS, Voice, articulated. 
 
 PHRASUM, Marrubium. 
 
 PHREN, (ppyjv, 'the mind.' Also, the dia- 
 phragm and scrobiculus cordis. 
 
 PHRENAUX'E, Eypertroph'ia cer'ehri'; from 
 <ppr]v, ' the mind, the organ of mind,' and av^r}, 
 ' increase.' Hypertrophy of the brain. 
 
 VRUE^ATROFWIA, Atroph'ia cer'ehri; from 
 (ppijv, ' the mind, the organ of mind,' a, priv., 
 and Tpo(pv, 'nourishment.' Wasting or atrophy 
 of the brain. 
 
 PHRENES, Diaphragm. 
 
 PHRENESIA, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENESIE, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENESIS, Delirium, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENETIASIS, Delirium, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENETISMUS, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENIC, Diaphragmatic. 
 
 PHRE'NICA, from <ppT]v, ' the mind.' Diseases 
 affecting the intellect ; characterized by error, 
 perversion, or debility of one or more of the men- 
 tal faculties, [Phrenopathi'a.) The first order of 
 the class Neurotica of Good. Also, remedies that 
 affect the mental faculties — Phren'ics. Pereira, 
 
 PHRENICS, see Phrenica. 
 
 PHRENICULA HYDROCEPHALICA, Hy- 
 drocephalus internus. 
 
 PHRENISMUS, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRENI'TIS, Phren'esis, Phrene'sia, Phre- 
 neti'asis, Phrenis'mvs, Phreneiis'mvs, Cej)hali'tisj 
 Cephalalgia injiammato'ria, Karabitus (Arab.), 
 Sibare, Sphacelis' miia cer'ehri, Ewprcs'ma cepha- 
 li'tis, Siri'asis, Seiri'asis, Sidera'tio, Inflamma'- 
 tio phreni'tis, Eneephali'tis, Cauma phreni'tis, 
 Phrensy, Delirium, Brain Fever, (F.) Phrenesie, 
 Inflammation du cervemi et du cervelet, from (fiprjv, 
 ' the mind,' and itis, denoting inflammation. A 
 disease characterized by violent pyrexia, pain in 
 the head, redness of the face and eyes, intole- 
 rance of light and sound, watchfulness, and de- 
 lirium, either furious or muttering. Its causes 
 are the same as those of other inflammations : 
 sometimes, however, it is induced by a Coup de 
 soleil ; by inebriation ; violent mental emotions, 
 ko. Some authors have given the name Phre- 
 nitis and lleiiingi'tis to inflammation of the mem- 
 branes of the brain ; and that of Cephalitis, En- 
 cephalitis, or Cerebritis to inflammation of the 
 substance of the brain ; but there are no pathog- 
 nomic symptoms, which can lead us to refer the 
 seat of the disease to either of those parts exclu- 
 sively. Phrenitis is, of course, a very dangerous 
 affection, from the importance of the organ con- 
 cerned. The most active treatment must neces- 
 sarily be pursued. Repeated bleeding; purging; 
 the application of ice to the shaved head; a po- 
 sition in which the head is raised; and the avoid- 
 ing of irritation of every kind; — form the reme- 
 dial means during the violent stage. After this 
 has yielded, counter-irritants to the nape of the 
 neck or to other parts of the body will be useful 
 adjuvants. When the brain and meninges were 
 affected only symptomatically, as in inflamma- 
 tion of the diaphragm, the disease was formerly 
 called Paraphrenitis. 
 
 Hydrocephalus acutns is a variety of phrenilis. 
 
 Phrenitis Calentfra, Coup-de-soleil — p. Lsr- 
 trans. Hydrophobia — p. Potatorum, Delirium tr&. 
 mens — p. Verminosa, Vercoquin. 
 
 PHRENOLOGY, Craniology. 
 
 PHRENO-MAG'NEIISM, Phreno-nuamm'. 
 
PHRENOPARALTSIS 
 
 668 
 
 PHTHISIS 
 
 tsm. A t«rm applied to the condition of a mes- 
 mex-ized person, in -which, when any cerebral or 
 phrenological organ — so called — is touched, the 
 functions of the organ are manifested. It has been 
 established, that no such phenomena can be eli- 
 cited in children, or in those who have never seen 
 a phrenolosieal cast or picture. 
 
 PHRB^''OPARALYSIS, see Paralysis. 
 
 PHREXOPATHIA, see Phrenica. 
 
 Phrexopathi'a ^the'rea. The aggregate 
 of encephalic phenomena induced by the inhala- 
 tion of ether. 
 
 PHRENSY, Phrenitis. 
 
 PHRICASMUS, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICE, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICIA, Ilorripilation. 
 
 PHRICIASIS, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICO'DES (FERRIS,) from ipptKv, 'a shi- 
 vering ;' Horrif'ica. A fever in which the chill 
 is very intense and prolonged. 
 
 PHRYAGMA, Shuddering. 
 
 PHRYCTE. Colophonia. 
 
 PnRYG"IUS (LAPIS.) An earthy matter, 
 found in Phrygia and Cappadocia, and formerly 
 employed as an astringent. — Gorraeus. 
 
 PHTHARMA CALIGO, Caligo— p. Cataracta, 
 Cataract — p. Glaucoma, Glaucoma. 
 
 PlITHEIR, Pediculus. 
 
 PHTHEIRE'MIA; from 09apa), 'I corrupt,' 
 and 'aijia, 'blood. A state in which the jjlastic 
 powers of the blood are deteriorated. 
 
 PHTIIEIRI'ASIS, Phthiriasis, from 05ap, 'a 
 louse ;' Morhus pediculo'sus, 3[.i:iedicula'ris, Pru- 
 ri''jo pcdicida'ris, Pedteida'tio, Ilalia pedtc'idi, 
 Pefa'le, Lousiness, Lousy disease, (F.) Maladie 
 pediculaire, Phihiriase. A disease which- con- 
 sists in the excessive multiplication of lice on the 
 human body, under conditions in which it does 
 not ordinarily take place, and in spite of cleanli- 
 ness. It has been asserted that the nfiFection has 
 often caused death. Simple and medicated baths 
 have been recommended for its removal ; lotions 
 of the decoction or infusion of tobacco and staves- 
 acre, mercurial frictions, <te. 
 
 PHTHEIRIUM, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 PHTHEIROCTONUM, Delphinium staphi- 
 sagria. 
 
 PHTHIXAS, Phthisis. 
 
 PHTIIINODES, Phthisicus. 
 
 PHTHfRIASE, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 PHTHIRIASIS, Malis, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 PIITHIRIUM SCABIEI, see Psora. 
 
 PHTHIRIUS, Antiparasitic — p. Inguinalis, 
 Bee Pediculus. 
 
 PHTHIROCTOXUS, Abortive. 
 
 PHTHIROPORON, Autumn. 
 
 PHTHISES: same etymon as Phthisis. In 
 the classification of Fuchs, diseases attended with 
 nleeration, hectic fever, and emaciation. 
 
 PHTHISIC, Phthisis. 
 
 PHTHISICAL, Phthisicus. 
 
 PHTHIS'ICUS, Phthino'des, PTithis' icnl, Tis'- 
 icfil, (F.) Poiti-iimire ; same etymon as phthisis. 
 Belonging to phthisis. Also, one labouring un- 
 der phthisis. 
 
 PHTHISFE, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Calcu- 
 leuse, Calculi, pulmonary, see Lithiasis pulmo- 
 num — p. CarciiKimateuse, Phthisis, caoeerous — p. 
 avec 3ielanose, Anthracosis pulmonum — p.Mesen- 
 terique, Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 PHTHISIOL'OGY, Phthis{olof/"{a, from ^.St- 
 ei(, and Xoyof. A treatise on phthisis. 
 
 PHTHIRIOSIS, Tubercular consumption. 
 PHTttlSI- PNEUMONIA. Phthisis pulmo- 
 Balis. 
 
 PHTHISIS, Phthoe, PhtJuoae. Tales, Te'ce- 
 don. Conntimption, Decline, Phlhis'ic, Tis'ic; from 
 
 0Stii>, * I dry, I fade.' This word, taken in a ge- 
 neral sense, means progressive emaciation of 
 every part of the body. It is usually, however, 
 restricted to phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 Phthisis, Black, see Anthracosis. 
 
 Phthisis, Brok'chial, PTithisis IroncMa'Us. 
 Phthisis occasioned by the pressure of enlarged 
 tuberculous bronchial glands, which, not unfre- 
 quently, communicate with caverns in the lungs, 
 or with the bronchia. 
 
 Phthisis Calculosa, Lithiasis pulmonum. 
 
 Phthisis, Can'cerous, Scirrlius, Carcinoma et 
 Fungus Puhno'num, Med'ullary or Encepli! aloid 
 Tumour of the Luncj, (F.) Cancer du Poumon. 
 Cancer of the lung, which gives rise to carci- 
 nomatous phthisis, (F.) Phthisic carcinomateuse, 
 of Bayle. 
 
 Phthisis Consummata, see Ph. pulmonalis — p. 
 Dorsalis, Tabes Dorsalis — p. Dyspeptic, see 
 Phthisis — p. Exulcerata, Ph. pulmonalis — p. 
 Hepatica, Hepato-phthisis — p. Ischiadica, Ischio- 
 phthisis. 
 
 Phthisis Lartnge'a, Chronic Laryngi'tis, La- 
 ryngi'tis et Trachei'tis chron'ica, Tuherculo' sia 
 laryn'gis et trache'cB, Laryn'go et Traeheopihthisis^ 
 Laryngophfhisis, Ul'cera seu Helco'sis Laryngis, 
 (F.) Phthisie laryngee. Ulcere du larynx, Luryn- 
 gite avec secretion de Pus, is a species of con- 
 sumption analogous to phthisis pulmonalis, pro- 
 duced by inflammation and ulceration of the in- 
 terior of the larynx, and sometimes by caries of 
 the cartilages. Phthisis traehea'lis, Tracheoph- 
 thi'sis, is a similar affection, seated in the trachea. 
 Chronic inflammation of the larynx and trachea 
 may exist, however, without tubercles or phthisis. 
 
 Phthisis Meseraica, Tabes mesenterica — p. 
 Nodosa, Ph. pulmonalis — p. Notias, Tabes dor- 
 salis. 
 
 Phthisis Pulmona'lis, Ph. pidmo'num. Ph. 
 pulmona'lis vera seu tuherculo' sa seu scropjhnlo' sa 
 seu tuheretdo-ulcera' ta seu purulen'la exidcera'ta 
 seu extdcera'ta, Maras' mus pihthisis, Hec' tica phthi- 
 sis, HcBmop'tysis phthisis. Ph. Pulmona'ris seu no- 
 do'sa, Passio vomieof'lua, Phthisi-pneumo'nia, Ta- 
 les pulmona'lis seu 2)ulmo'num, Ulcus pjidmonum, 
 Helco'sis pulmona'lis, Pneumonophthi' sis, Pneumo- 
 noph'thoe. Phthisis scrophido'sa, Pneumoji'thoe, 
 P ulmo' nia, Phthisis tulercido' sa,Tuherculo' sis Pid- 
 mo' nitm ,Gongrop)ht]d' sis, Tuberculous disease of the 
 lungs. Pulmonary consumpition, ConsumpAion, De- 
 cline, Phthisic, I'isic, (F.) Phthisie, P.pidmonaire, 
 Crachement de pius. Occasionally, this formida- 
 ble disease occurs accidentally : but, usually, it 
 is caused by a conformation obtained from pro- 
 genitors. This, at least, predisposes to it; and 
 but a slight exciting cause may be required to 
 rouse the predisposition into action. It is less a 
 disease of the torrid zone ; and, in the temperate 
 regions of the globe, its pathology is often inti- 
 mately allied with that of scrofula. It consists 
 in the formation of tubercles in the lungs, which 
 sooner or later inflame and break down. In such a 
 constitution, ulcerations of the lungs do not readily 
 heal; and hectic fever — the universal attendant 
 upon irritability and debility — is established. This 
 persists, and gradually wears down the patient, 
 till he ultimately expires, exhausted by the irri- 
 tative fever. The chief symptoms are' the fol- 
 lowing. The patient feels a sense of uneasiness 
 in the chest, with severe fits of coughing, or a 
 short and dry cough with dyspnoea. This may 
 be considered the incipient stage. The cough 
 then becomes extremely troublesome, especially 
 in the morning; and dyspnoea is increased on the 
 slightest exertion. The expectoration is evidently 
 purulent, with fever in the evening, and circum- 
 scribed redness of the cheeks; wasting and col- 
 liquative sweats early in the morning. This must 
 
PHTHISIS 
 
 669 
 
 PHYSCONIA 
 
 be considered the confirmed stage, — PJitTiisis con- 
 tumma'ta, Pneumophthi'sif. In the third, or last 
 stage, the hectic is constant, with small pulse, 
 pungent heat, colliquative sweats, and diarrhoea. 
 The weakness becomes extreme, and the patient 
 exhausted. Physical Signs. — 1. In the first 
 stage, whilst there are yet scattered miliary tu- 
 bercles, — the only appreciable change at the ex- 
 terior of the chest, and this is not constant, is a 
 want of freedom in the movements under one or 
 both clavicles. Percussion will generally disco- 
 ver a slight diminution of sound corresponding 
 to the summit of one lung. In the same situa- 
 tion, auscultation shows that the inspiratory mur- 
 mur is either weaker, rougher, or confused. The 
 sound of expiration is more distinct. The voice 
 and cough are rather more resonant, and wheez- 
 ing or mucous rdles are occasionally heard in the 
 same region. 2. When the tubercular deposition 
 has become more abundant, the motion of the 
 chest is more markedly diminished under one or 
 both clavicles. The loss of sound on percussion 
 is more distinct, the inspiration, on auscultation, 
 is bronchial, the expiration louder and more su- 
 perficial, and the resonance of the voice and 
 cough is increased. The rest of the lung is per- 
 haps healthy, or the respiration may be puerile. 
 3. When the tubercles are undergoing softening, 
 — in addition to the preceding signs, auscultation 
 exhibits a suberepitant rale around the apes of 
 the lung, decreasing from ab.ove downwards. It 
 is most distinct during or after the cough, and at 
 the close of a deep inspiration. As the disease 
 proceeds, the bubbling becomes successively 
 larger, and ultimately gargoxiiUement is heard. 
 The inspiration and expiration are cavernous or 
 tracheal. The voice and cough indicate unusual 
 resonance and pectoriloquy. The intercostal 
 spaces are often depressed locally, and percussion 
 may become gradually clearer and even tympa- 
 nitic as the cavern increases. 
 
 It is only in the incipient state of this formi- 
 dable disease, that advantage can be expected 
 from any plan of treatment; and of all means 
 that can be devised, that of removing to a climate 
 in which air and exercise can be daily enjoyed 
 during the autumnal, winter, and spring months 
 is the best. See Climate. If this be impracti- 
 cable, the patient must be kept in a regulated 
 temperature, taking care that the chamber be 
 duly ventilated ; and gestation in the open air be 
 used, whenever the atmosphere, although cold, is 
 drj-. The other indications will be : 1. To mode- 
 rate inflammatory action : 2. To support the 
 strength ; and, 3. To palliate urgent symptoms. 
 The whole treatment indeed is palliative. Coun- 
 ter-irritants relieve pain : demulcents and mild 
 opiates alleviate the cough : the mineral acids, 
 united with opium, relieve the colliquative sweats; 
 and chalk and opium the diarrhoea. 
 
 Dr. Wilson Philip has pointed out a particular 
 species of phthisis, which is characterized, in the 
 early stage, by a deranged state of the digestive 
 organs ; flatulent, irregular bowels ; furred tongue; 
 impaired appetite ; unnatural fteces ; and the epi- 
 gastric region more or less full and tender on 
 pressare. The affection of the lungs is here 
 secondary. He calls it Dyspeptic phthisis. 
 
 Phthisis Puljionalis Purulenta Exulce- 
 p.ATA, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis scro- 
 fulosa. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis tu- 
 berculosa. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis 
 tuberculosa-ulcerata, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. 
 Pulmonalis vera. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pupil- 
 \x. Syne7.isis — p. Pupillaris, Myosis — p. Scrophu- 
 losa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Sicca, Tabes dor- 
 salis — p. Tuberculosa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. 
 Uterina, Metrophthisis — p. Yesicalis, Cystoph- 
 thisis. 
 
 PHTniSlTRIA, Diabetes. 
 
 PHTHISUEIE, Diabetes— 2:.. Siicree, Diabetes 
 mellitus. 
 
 PHTHOE, Phthisis. 
 
 PHTHOIS, Pastil, Trochiscus. 
 
 PHTHOISCOS, Pastil, Trochiscus. 
 
 PHTHONGODYSPHORIA, Hyperacusis. 
 
 PHTHORA, Abortion, Corruption, Plague. 
 
 PHTHORIUS. Abortive. 
 
 PHTHOROCTONUS, Abortive. 
 
 PHUCAGROSTIS MINOR, Pila marina. 
 
 PHUSCA, Oxycrate. 
 
 PHYGANTHROPIA, Misanthropia. 
 
 PHYGETH'LON, Panus, Phyp>eUa, from <pvu>, 
 'I grow.' Inflammation of the superficial lym- 
 phatic glands, not ending in suppuration. 
 
 PHYLACTERION, Amuletum. 
 
 PHYLACTE'RIUM, from (l,v\aa,jio, '1 pre- 
 serve.' A Phylac'tery. An amulet : — a prophy- 
 lactic. 
 
 PIIYLAXIS, Conservation. 
 
 PHYLLAN'THUS URINA'RIA, Pinl-ohmn- 
 la. A plant employed in Ceylon, in decoction, 
 as a diuretic. 
 
 PHYLLITIS, Asplenium scolopendrium — p. 
 Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria — p. Rotundi- 
 folia, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
 
 PHYMA, Phima, from (pvo/jai, '1 spring up.' 
 W^itli the ancients, this word was used with great 
 latitude : sometimes, in the sense of phlegmon, 
 for tumours larger than a boil, and perfectly sup- 
 purative. In the nosology of Sauvages, Phymata 
 is an order of diseases, to which he refers erysi- 
 pelas, oedema, phlegmon, emphysema, scirrhus, 
 &c. In that of Dr. Good it is a genus, including 
 hordeolum, furunculus, sycosis, and anthrax. 
 
 Phyma A>'TnRAx, Anthrax — p. Anthrax ter- 
 minthus, Terminthus — p. Sycosis, Sycosis. 
 
 PHYMATO'SES, from ^u/^a, 'a hard tumour. 
 Tuberculous diseases. — Fuchs. 
 
 PHYMATOSIS, Excrescence— p. Cerebri, En- 
 cephalophymata — p. Elephantiasis, Elephantia- 
 sis — p. Lupus, Lupus — p. Verrucosa, Verruca. 
 
 PHYMOSIS, Phimosis. 
 
 PIIYPELLA, Phygethlon. 
 
 PHYSA, Crepitation. 
 
 PHYSAGOGA, Carminatives. 
 
 PHY'SALIS, P. AlheTcen'gi seu Tialicac'ahum, 
 Sola'niim vesica' riitm, Alehachen'ge, Alkeken'gi, 
 Halicac' ahum , Winter Cherry, (F.) AlkeJceiige, 
 Coqueret. Family, Solanese. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tandria Monogynia. The berries are recom- 
 mended as a diuretic, from 6 to 12 for a dose, in 
 dropsical and calculous cases. 
 
 Physalis Alkekengi, Physalis — p. Halicaca- 
 bum, Physalis — p. Stramonium, Anisodus luridus. 
 
 PHYSCIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus — 
 p. Nivalis, Lichen caninus. 
 
 PHYSCO'NIA, from ^v(tk,,, 'a bladder.' Ven- 
 tros'itas, Ecphy'ma physco'nia, Hyposar'ca, Em- 
 phrac'tica, Visco'nia, Hypersarehid'ioa, Potbelly, 
 Pendulous abdo'men, Swaglelly. A generic term, 
 under which Sauvages has comprised every large 
 tumour developed in the abdomen, that is neither 
 fluctuating nor sonorous. Linnaeus calls it Hy- 
 posarca. 
 
 Physco'nia Adipo'sa, Obes'itas seu Polysar'- 
 cia vis'cerum. Accumulution of fat in the intes- 
 tines. 
 
 Phtsconia Biliosa, Turgescentia vesiculae 
 felleas. 
 
 Phtsconia Emphysewat'ica. Accumulation 
 of air in the areolar tissue, or between the coata 
 of particular viscera. 
 
 Physconia Lienis, Splenoneus — p. Mesente- 
 rica, Tabes mesenterica — p. Splenica, Ague 
 cake. 
 
 Physconia Strumo'sa, Srv^fula ahdom!na'{i» 
 
PHYSCONIE 
 
 670 
 
 PIA 
 
 inter'na. Tumid abdomen from scrophulous en- 
 largement of the glands. 
 
 PUYSOONIE MESENTERIQUE, Tabes 
 mesenterica. 
 
 PHYSEMA, Tympanites, Physesis. 
 
 PHYSE'SIS, Physe'ma, from (/.ixratd, 'I inflate.' 
 An emphysematous tumour. Tympanites. 
 
 PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS, see Ceta- 
 ceum. 
 
 PHYSTATRICE, Vis medicatrix naturae. 
 
 PHYSIAUTOCRATIA, Vis medicatrix na- 
 turas. 
 
 PHYSIC, Medicament, Medicina — p. Indian, 
 Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata — p. Root, 
 Leptandria purpurea. 
 
 PHYSICAL, Medical. 
 
 PHYSICIAN, iled'icus, latros, Aces' tor, 
 Aces' ter, Althens ; from rpvaig, 'nature. (F.) 3Ie- 
 dectii. One who has received his degree from an 
 incorporated Institution, as Doctor of Medicine. 
 The French formerly used the word pht/sicien in 
 the same sense. It is now appropriated to the 
 natural philosopher. 
 
 Physician, Faiiily. One regarded as the 
 regular attendant on a familj'. 
 
 Physician, Learned, latrosophista — p. Prac- 
 tical, latrotechna — p. Priest, see Asclepiadse. 
 
 PHYSTCIEN, Physician. 
 
 PHYSICS, MED'ICAL, latropTiys'ics. Phy- 
 sics directly applied to medicine, — either to the 
 explanation of the vital phenomena, the preserva- 
 tion of individuals, or the treatment of disease. 
 
 PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA, Vis medicatrix na- 
 turae. 
 
 PHYSIOGr'JTOMY, Physiognom'ia, Physiog- 
 nom'ica, Physiognom'iee, Physionovi'ia, Physi- 
 ognomon'ia, Physiognom'one, Physiognomos'yne, 
 Phyfiiognoniosia, Anfhroposcoj^'ia, Prosoj^oynan- 
 ti'a, Pro8opolog"ia, Semiot'ice fa'ciei, Physiognn- 
 mon'ica, Physiognom'ony, lletopos'copjy, Prosopo'- 
 eie, from (pvaig, ' nature,' and yvia/iri, ' knowledge.' 
 The art of knowing the dispositions of men from 
 their external appearance ; especially from the 
 features. Every inference of this kind must ne- 
 cessarily be extremely fallacious, and cannot be 
 reduced to rule, as was attempted by Lavater and 
 others. In infantile diseases, numerous shades 
 of expression are evident, which experience 
 teaches how to appreciate ; and which afford use- 
 ful guides in understanding the pathology of that 
 period of existence. 
 
 PHYSIOLOGIA PATHOGENETICA, see Pa- 
 thogenetic. » 
 
 PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy 
 — p. Doctrine, Broussaism. 
 
 PHYSIOLOGICE, Physiology. 
 
 PHYSIOL'OGY, Phy«iolog"ia, Diol'ogy, Bion>- 
 omy, Biot'ics, B!oph(Bnomenolog"{a, Physiolog"- 
 *ce, (Econom'ia anima'lis, Anatom'ia viva, Anat'- 
 ome anima'ta, Anthropolog"ia, Microcosmogra' - 
 phio, Microeos'mica ecicii'tia, CognWio phyxio- 
 log"ica. Pars natura'lis medici'ncB, Philosoph'ia 
 cor' pons vivi ; from (jivaig, 'nature,' and Xoyo;, 'a, 
 description.' Formerly, Physiology meant the 
 same as Physics, in its extensive signification, 
 now does. At the present daj', it includes the 
 science which treats of the functions of animals 
 or vegetables ; an acquaintance with the pheno- 
 mena the aggregate of which constitute life. It is 
 the science of life. It is divided into animal — Zoo- 
 phypiologia, and vegetable — PIiytophysiolog"ia, 
 accurding as it considers the life of animals or of 
 vegetables singly. Comparative physiology com- 
 prises both. Physiology is, also, general or special, 
 according as it treats of life in the abstract or in 
 lome particular species. To the latter belongs the 
 Physxoh.gy of JfoJK — called also, Hygienic Phy- 
 
 siology to distinguish it from Pathological Physi- 
 ology or Pathology. 
 
 Physiology, Pathogenetic, see Pathogenetic. 
 
 PHYSIONOMIA, Physiognomy. 
 
 PHYSI0N03IIE EGAREE, see WUd. 
 
 PIIYSIS, Natura, Sex. 
 
 PHYSOCE'LE, Pneumatoce'le, Hernia vento'- 
 sa ; Oscheoce'le flatnlen'ta, Emphyse'ma Scroti, 
 from <pv<Ta(jti, 'I insufflate,' and KrjXrj, 'a tumour.' 
 An emphysematous tumour of the scrotum ; pro- 
 bably a case of intestinal hernia, containing much 
 flatus. 
 
 PHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from ^utraco, 'I inflate,' 
 and Ke'jiaXrj, 'the head.' PhysocepV alus. Emphy- 
 sematous tumefaction of the head. 
 
 PHYSOCCELIA, Tympanites. 
 
 PHYSO'DES ; from (pvcao), ' I inflate,' and tt^of, 
 'resemblance.' Full of air; apparently full of 
 air — applied to tumours, &o. 
 
 PHYSOME'TRA, Emphyse'ma U'teri, Hys- 
 teroph'yse, Hysteropsoph'ia, Hysteremphyse'ma, 
 Hystremphyse' ma, Metremphyse'ma, ^dueopisoph'- 
 ia uteri'na, Emphyse'ma uteri'num, hifia'tio 
 U'teri, Tym'pany of the Womb, U'terine tymjiani'- 
 tes, from (pvaam, ' I inflate,' and nirpa, ' the womb. 
 A light, tense, circumscribed protuberance in the 
 hypogastrium, obscurely sonorous, with wind 
 occasionally discharged through the os uteri. 
 
 PHYSON, Flatulence. 
 
 PHYSONCUS, Emphysema. 
 
 PHYSOPSOPH'IA; from (pvcato, '1 inflate,' 
 and il/ofos, ' a noise.' A discharge of air with 
 noise. 
 
 PHYSOSPASMUS, Colica flatulenta. 
 
 PHYSOTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
 PHYTIVOROUS, Phytophagous. 
 
 PHYTOALOPECIA, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 PHYTO-CHYMISTRY, see Chymistry. 
 
 PHYTOLACCA DECAN'DRA, P. vulgaris, 
 Poke Weed, Amer'ican Night Shade, Cancer root, 
 Poke, Skoke, Jucato Caleloe, (?) Jalap, Pigeon 
 Berries, Jalap cancer root, Sola'num racemo'sum 
 America'num, S. magnum Virginia'num rubrum, 
 Blitum America'num, Garget, (F.) Raisin d'Ame- 
 rique, Phytolaque d dix etamines, 3Iorelle en 
 grappes, Meehoacan du Canada. Family, Che- 
 nopodeoe. Sex. Syst. Decandria Decagynia. The 
 leaves, berries, and roots are employed. The 
 young stems, when boiled, are sometimes eaten 
 at table ; but when old, they must be cautiously 
 used, as the plant is emetic and cathartic. It is 
 most celebrated as a remedy in chronic rheuma- 
 tism ; and is given in the form of tincture of the 
 ripe berries. It is, also, used in cutaneous erup- 
 tions ; tinea capitis, itch, cancerous ulcers, &c. 
 
 The root is gathered and dried in the fall. 
 
 PHYTOLAQUE A BIX ETAMINES, Phy- 
 tolacca decandra. 
 
 PHYTOLOGIA MEDICA, Botany, medical. 
 
 PHYTOPH'AGOUS, PhytojA'agus ; Phytiv'- 
 orous, Phytiv'onts ; from ipvrov, 'a plant,' and 
 (jtayu), 'I eat.' Feeding or subsisting on vege- 
 tables. 
 
 PHYTOPHYSIOLOGIA, see Physiology. 
 
 PHYTOSPERM'A, (F.) Phytosperme ; from 
 (pvTov, 'a vegetable,' and (nrcpfta, 'sperm.' Par- 
 ticles similar to the spermatozoids of animals, ob- 
 served in vegetables, and presumed to possess a 
 similar agency in reproduction. 
 
 PHYTOTOMY, see Anatomy, (vegetable.) 
 
 PIIYTOZOON, Zoophyte. 
 
 PIA MATER, Pia seu mollis sen ten'uis Ma- 
 ter, Pia mcninx, Meninx inte'rior, Meuinx cho- 
 roVdcs, Inner lam'ina of the Meningine, (Ch.,) 
 Membra'na vasculo'sa Cer'cbri, Membra' na Cer'- 
 ebri ten'uis seu mollis scu pro'pria, (F.) Pie 
 mere, Meningette. The pia mater is a very deli- 
 
PIAN 
 
 671 
 
 PILATIO 
 
 cats membrnne, whicli covers the brain imme- 
 diately, penetrates into its anfractuosities, and 
 envelops, also, the cerebellum and the spinal pro- 
 longation, &c. Bichat does not regard it as a 
 Siembrane, properly so called, but as a net-work 
 of blood-vessels, united by a lax areolar tissue. 
 The Pia Mater exterior is the portion of mem- 
 brane which covers the exterior of the encejiha- 
 lon, and faces the arachnoid externally. The 
 Pia Mater interior is that which lines the cere- 
 bral fossse, into which it penetrates by a cleft 
 situate between the posterior part of the corpus 
 callosum and the fornix ; and by two other fis- 
 sures, situate between the corpora fimbriata and 
 thalami nervorum opticorum. The pia mater 
 contains a great number of granulations similar 
 to the Glandulm Pacehioni. 
 
 Pia Mater Testis, Tunica vasculosa — p. Me- 
 ninx, P. Mater. 
 PIAN, Framboesia. 
 PIANS, MOTHER OF, Mama-pian. 
 PIAR, Fat. 
 
 PIARHiE'MIA; from map, 'fat,' and 'ai/ua, 
 •blood.' Fat in the blood. — Simon. 
 
 PICA, Malacia — p. Africanorum, Chthonopha- 
 gia. 
 
 PICAC, Euphorbia corollata. 
 PICAOISM'US, Pica'tio, from pix, 'pitch.' 
 ©epilation by means of a pitch plaster. Also, 
 Malacia. 
 
 PICATIO, Malacia, Picacismus. 
 PICEA, Pinus abies. 
 PICERION, Butter. 
 
 PICHU'RIM BEANS. The seed of a tree, 
 supposed to be Persea picTiurim, Oco'tea pichu'- 
 rim, which grows in Brazil, Guiana, Venezuela, 
 and other parts of South America. They are of 
 an elliptical shape ; flat on one side, convex on 
 the other; of an aromatic odour between that of 
 nutmegs and sassafras, and of a spicy, pungent 
 taste. The medical properties are the same as 
 those of other aromatics. For the bark, see Pe- 
 churim cortex. 
 
 PICKERELWEED, SHOVEL, Unisema del- 
 tifolia. 
 
 PWOTE, Variola. 
 PIGOTEMENT, Pricking. 
 PICRiENA EXCELSA, Quassia. 
 PICRIA, Bitterness. 
 
 PICRIUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba. 
 PICROCHOLOS, Bilious. 
 
 PI'CROMEL, Bilin; from -mpog, 'bitter,' and 
 fiiXi, 'honey.' A name given by Thenard to a 
 colourless, soft substance, of an acrid, bitter, sac- 
 charine taste, nauseous smell, and very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 It forms part of the bile, and is classed amongst 
 the animal immediate principles. 
 
 PICROPE'GiB, from -iKpo?, 'bitter,' and Trnyv, 
 ' a spring.' Mineral waters ; bitter from the pre- 
 sence of chloride of magnesium. 
 PICROS, Amarus. 
 
 PICROTOX'INE, Picrotox'ina, Pierotox'in, 
 from TziKQoq, ' bitter,' and to^lvov, ' poison.' A 
 vegetable alkali, discovered by M. Boullay in the 
 Menispernum Cocenlus. It crystallizes in quad- 
 rangular, white, brilliant, semitransparent prisms; 
 which are excessively bitter, soluble in three parts 
 of alcohol, and in fifteen of boiling water. 
 
 The Coceulus Indieus owes its poisonous pro- 
 perties to this principle. 
 PIE MERE, Pia mater. 
 
 PIE-MERiTE, Inflamma'tio pia matris. A 
 miserably compounded term, employed by M. Gri- 
 solle, to express inflammation of the pia mater: — 
 from (F.) pie mere, 'the pia mater,' and ite, itia; 
 a torminaiion denoting inflammation. 
 
 Pri:CE, Hepatitis. 
 
 PIECES D'ANATOMIE ARTIFICIELLES, 
 see Artificial. 
 
 PIED, Pes — p. d' Alexandre, Anthemis pyrc- 
 thrum — p. d'Alouetfe des champs, Delphinium 
 consolida — p. Bot, see Kyllosis — p. de Chat, An- 
 tennaria dioica — p. de Clieval marin, Cornu am- 
 monis — p. de Griffon, Gryphius pes, Helleborus 
 foetidus — p). de Lion, Alchemilla — j). de Lit, Ori- 
 ganum — p. d'Oitrs, Acanthus mollis — p. Plat, see 
 Kyllosis — p. de Veav, Arum maculatum — p. de 
 Veau Triphylle, Arum triphyllum. 
 
 PIEIRON, Fat. 
 
 PIERRE, Calculus— J5. d'Aigle, ^tites— p. 
 d'Azur, Lapis lazuli — p. Calaminaire, Calamine 
 — }). d Cautere, Potassa cum calce — p. Ivfernale, 
 Argenti nitras — p. Judaique, Judajus (lapis) — 
 p. au Lait, Morochthus — p. Medicamentevse, 
 Medicamentosus lapis — p. Ifephretique, Nephre- 
 ticus lapis — jp. Ponce, Pumex. 
 
 PIERRE S CE A YE USES, Calculi, arthritic 
 — p. au Fiel, Calculi, biliary — p. Stercorales, 
 Calculus of the Stomach and Intestines — p. Uri- 
 naires, Calculi, urinary. 
 
 PIESTER, Press. 
 
 PIESTERION, Press. 
 
 PIESTRON, from Trit^uy, 'I press.' An instru- 
 ment recommended by Hippocrates for breaking 
 the bones of the foetal head when too large to be 
 extracted otherwise. 
 
 PIGA3WN JAUNATRE, Thalictron. 
 
 PIGEON BERRIES, Phytolacca decandra — 
 p. Breasted, see Lordosis — p. Tree, Aralia spi- 
 nosa. 
 
 PIGMENT CELLS, see Cell, pigment. 
 
 PIGMEN'TAL, from pigmentum, 'paint.* 
 Having relation to pigment or colouring matter. 
 
 Pigmental Appara'tus, (F.) Apipareil pig- 
 mental. The apparatus concerned in the colora- 
 tion of the skin of the coloured varieties of man. 
 
 — Flourens. 
 
 PIGMENTARIUS, Apothecary, Unguentarius. 
 
 PIGMENTUM, Paint— p. Indicum, Indigo— 
 p. Nigrum, see Choroid — p. Uracu, Terra Or- 
 leana. 
 
 PIGMY, Pygmy. 
 
 PIGNEROLE, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 
 PIGNON DE BARB ABIE, Jatropha curcaa 
 
 — p. d'Inde, Jatropha curcas. 
 
 PIGNUT, Earthnut, Groundnut. The bulbous 
 root of Bu'nium Bulbocas'taiuim. Called pignuts, 
 from the fondness of the pig for them. They 
 have been considered to possess a st^'ptic quality; 
 and are deemed serviceable in atonic afiections 
 of the kidney. — Hooper. 
 
 Pignut, Bunium bulbocastanum. 
 
 PIG'S FLARE, Adeps suillus. 
 
 PILA, SpJiara, Ball. A gymnastic exerciso, 
 much used by the ancients as well as moderns. — 
 Galen. Also, a mortar and a pestle — Ac'one. 
 
 PiLA, Mortar, Pillar — p. Damarum, ^gagro- 
 pila — p. Rupicaprarum, ^gagropila. 
 
 PiLA Mari'na, Sphara Marina, SpjTicBra TJia- 
 las'sia, Halcyo'nium rotun'dum, (F.) Pelote de 
 Mer. Certain light, round, depressed, or oblong 
 masses — inodorous and insipid — in which rushes, 
 hairs, and the debris of shells are met with. These 
 are found on the sea-shores, and have been re- 
 garded by Spielmann as consisting chiefly of the 
 roots of the Zos'tera Mari'na seu Marit'ima, Alga 
 Mari'na, Plntcagros'tis minor. Iodine is detected 
 in the ashes, which accounts for their success in 
 goitre. They have, also, been given as a vermifuge. 
 
 PILARS MALUM, Trichosis. 
 
 PILA'TIO, from piliis, 'a hair.' Fracture of 
 the cranium in which the fissure is narrow, and 
 has the appearance of a hair — Sicapi'illary Jisaurgf 
 (F.) Fcntc capillai^e. 
 
PILE 
 
 672 
 
 PILULA 
 
 PILE, Eair. 
 
 PILE A PUMI'LA, Ri'chioeecl, Clearweed, Cool- 
 teeed; indigenous; Order, Urticaceaj ; flowering 
 fi-oin July to September ; has been used as a 
 wash in poisoning by Rhus. It has a strong, 
 grateful smell. 
 
 PILEOLUM, Cixlotte. 
 
 PILE(3LUS, Caul, Pileus. 
 
 PI'LEOUS, Pilo'sus, Pilose, Pilous, (F.) Pileiix. 
 That whioh relates to the hair. Hairy. 
 
 PiLEOus System of Bichat is that formed by 
 the hair. It comprises the different species of 
 hair of the human body. 
 
 PILES, BLIND, Cascse hsemorrhoides, see 
 Hsemorrhois. 
 
 PILEUS, ' a hat, cap, or bonnet for the head.' 
 Pile'olus. A shield. A nipple-like instrument, 
 formed of vai-ious materials, and used by females 
 for protecting the nipple during the child's suck- 
 ing, when the part is painful. Also, a caul. 
 
 Pileus, Cucupha — p. Hippo eratipus, Bonnet 
 d' Hippocrate. 
 
 PILEUX, Pileous. 
 
 PILEWORT, Ranunculus aeris, and R. ficaria. 
 
 PILI CAPITIS, see Capillus — p. Cutis, La- 
 ntigo — p. Palpebrarum, Cilia — p. Pudendorum, 
 Pubes. 
 
 PILIER, Pillar. 
 
 PILIMICTIO, see Trichiasis. 
 
 PILL, Pilula — p. Abernethy's, see Pilulse hy- 
 drargyri — p. of Aloes and Gamboge, Pilula3 aloes 
 et cambogia3 — p. of Aloes and cinchona, Pilulce 
 aloes et kina kinas — p. of Aloes and colocynth, 
 Pilul£e aloes et colocynthidis — p. of Aloes and 
 fetid gums, Pilulise de aloe et foetidis — p. of Aloes 
 and ginger, Pilulse aloes et zingiberis — p. Aloes 
 and myrrh, Pilulse aloes et myrrhas — p. Aloetic, 
 Pilnlse aloeticee — p. Aloetic and assafoetida, Pi- 
 lul;i3 aloes et assafoetidge — p. Aloetic, compound, 
 Pilula! aloes compositte — p. of Ammoniuret of 
 copper, Pilulse ammoniureti cupri — p. Analeptic, 
 James's, see Analeptica — p. Anderson's, see Pi- 
 lulse aloes et jalapse — p. Anodyne, Pilulfe opiataj 
 — p. Antibilious, Barclay's, Pilulas antibiliosaj — 
 'p. Antibilious, Dixon's, Pilula3 antibiliosa3 — p. 
 Asiatic, Pilulae Asiatica — p. Assafetida, Pilulaj 
 Assafoetidaj — p. Bacher's, Pilulse ex helleboro et 
 myrrha, — p. Barbarossa's, Barbarossaj pilulfe — p. 
 Barthez, see Pilulse aloes et myrrhte. 
 
 Pill, Blair's. An empirical preparation of 
 colchicum, much used in England in cases of gout. 
 
 Pill, Blaud's. These pills, proposed by M. 
 Blaud as antichlorotic, are formed as follows : — 
 Take of guvi tragacantJi, in powder, six grains ; 
 water, one drachm. Macerate in a glass or por- 
 celain mortar, until a thick mucilage is formed, 
 and if it be desired to prevent the formation of 
 peroxide of iron, and to make the pill similar to 
 those of Vallet, substitute a drachm of powdered 
 sugar for the mucilage. Add afterwards of sul- 
 pliate of iron, in powder, half an ounce. Beat 
 well until the mixture is homogeneous, and add 
 siibcarbonate of potass, half an ounce. Beat un- 
 til the mass becomes of a deep-green colour, and 
 of a soft consistence. Divide into 48 ( ? ) pills. 
 Dose, one a day; gradually increasing to two, 
 and afterwards to three. 
 
 Pill, Blue, Pilulaj hydrargyri — p. Brandreth's, 
 rilulee aloes et cambogise — _'p. Calomel, Piluloe 
 hydrargyri chloridi mitis — p. Camboge, Pilulaj 
 cambogiao compos. — p. Camboge, compound, Pi- 
 lulaj cambogiaD compositse — p. of Carbonate of 
 iron, Pilulce ferri carbonatis — p. Cathartic, com- 
 jiound, Pilula} catharticae eomposita) — p. Com- 
 mon, Pilula) aloes et myrrhae — p. Dinner, see 
 I'ilulaB aloes et kinas kinaj. 
 
 Pill. Dr>fNER, op Mr. Mayo. This is composed 
 f'{ P. Rhej, gr. iv ; Sodas Oarh. gr. j. 
 
 Pill, Eterlast'ing. A pill once in vogue, 
 and said to be composed of metallic antimony. 
 It was believed to have the property of purging 
 as often as it was swallowed. A lady having 
 swallowed one of these pills, became seriously 
 alarmed at its not passing. "Madam," said her 
 physician, "fear not; it has already passed 
 through a hundred patients without any diffi- 
 culty." — Paris. 
 
 Pill, Female, Pilulse de aloe et fcetidis — p. 
 Ferruginous, of Vallet, see Ferri protocarbonas 
 — p. Fothergill's, see PUulfe aloes et colocynthidis 
 
 — p. Frank's see Pilulse aloes et kinse kinse — p. 
 Fuller's, see Pilulse de aloe et foetidis — p. Gal- 
 banum, compound, Pilulaj galbani composita3 — 
 p. Griffitt's, see Pilulse rhej compositfc — p. Gum, 
 Pilulse galbani compositse — p. of Hellebore and 
 myrrh, Pilula; ex helleboro et myrrha — p. Hoop- 
 er's, see Pilulse aloes et myrrhas — p. of Iodide of 
 Iron, Pilulse ferri iodidi — p. James's Aanaleptie, 
 see Analeptica — p. Keyser's, see H3'drargyrus 
 acetatus — p. Lady Crespigny's, Plluk-e aloes et 
 kinse kinse — p. Lady Hesketh's, see Pilule aloes 
 et kinaj kinse — p. Lady AVebster's, Pilulse aloes 
 et kinffi kinss. , 
 
 Pill, Lartigues', Pil'ulm Col'cJiici et Diffi- 
 ta'lis. {Ext. Coloc. e. ^ss; Ext. Sent. Colchie. 
 alcoholic. Extract. Digital, alcohol, aa gr. iss ; f. 
 massa in pilul. x dividend.) Dose, two, three, or 
 more, in the 24 hours, in gout. 
 
 Pill Machine, Pi hdier — p. Matthews's, see 
 Pilulse ex helleboro et myrrha — p. Mercurial, 
 Pilulss hydrargyri — p. of mild chloride of Mer- 
 cury, Pilula; hj'drargyri chloridi mitis — p. Mof- 
 fat's, Pilulje aloes et eambogise — p. Morrison's, 
 Pilulse aloes et cambogia3, see Pilula) cambogia; 
 compositse — p. Moseley's, Pilulse rhej compositse 
 
 — p. Night, common, Pilulse opiatse — p. Oiiinte, 
 Pilulse opiatse — p. Peter's, see Pilulse aloes et 
 eambogise — p. Plummer's, Pilulie hydrargyri sub- 
 muriatis compositse — p. of Sulphate of Quinia, 
 Pilulse quiniae sulphatis — p. Red, Pilulse hydrar- 
 gyri submuriatis compositse — p. Red, Boerhaave's, 
 see Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum — p. of Rhu- 
 barb, Pilulse rhej — p. of Rhubarb, compound, 
 Pilulse rhei compositse — p. Rufus's, PUulae aloes 
 et myrrhae — p. Rush's, see Pilulse aloes et cam- 
 bogia — p. Scotch, Pilulse de aloe et foetidis — p. 
 of Soap and opium, Pilula) saponis cum opio — p. 
 vSpeediman's, see Pilulse aloes et myrrhse — p. 
 Squill, compound. Pilule seillse compositse — p. 
 Starkey's, see Pilulse ex helleboro et myrrha — 
 p. Storax, Pilulas e styrace — p. of Strychnia, Pi- 
 lula) strychnise — p. of Submuriate of mercurj', 
 compound, Pilulse hydrargyri submuriatis compo- 
 sitse — p. Ta-njore, Pilulse Asiaticae — p. Turpen- 
 tine, Pilules de terebinthin^ — p. Vallet's, see Ferri 
 protocarbonas, and Pilulse ferri carbonatis — p. 
 Webster's, Pilulse aloes et kinae kinse — p. Whytt's, 
 see Pilulae de aloe et fcetidis. 
 
 PILLAR, Pi'la, Colum'na, Columel'la, (F.) 
 Pilier. A name given to several parts ; as the 
 2nUars of the velum 2}alati, diajihragm, &c. 
 
 PILON, Pilum. 
 
 PILOSELLA, Ilieracium pilosella — p. Alpina, 
 Hieracium pilosella. 
 
 PILOSES, Pileous. 
 
 PILOUS, Pileous. 
 
 PIL'ULA, plural Pihi'ltB. Diminutive of piln, 
 ' a ball.' Sphmrid'ion, Catapo'tion, Catop'otuiii, 
 Sphm'rion, Gongyl'ion, Gon'gi/lis, Gongylid'iiinu 
 A pill. (F.) Pilule. A simple or compound me- 
 dicine, weighing from one to five grains, of a firm 
 consistence and spherical form; intended to bo 
 swallowed at once, without chewing. The Pill 
 differs from the Bolus, the latter being softer and 
 larger. 
 
 Medicines are often given in the form of piU, 
 
PILULE 
 
 673 
 
 PILULiE 
 
 OTi account of their disagreeable taste and odour. 
 Pihda, also, means a Pllular mass. 
 
 PILULiE EX ALOE, P. aloes compositse— p. 
 de Aloe et eambogia, P. aloes et eambogias. 
 
 Pilule Aloes, P. Aloet'iccE, Pilulas ex Aloe et 
 Sapo'nc, Aloet'ic Pill, (F.) Pilules d'aloe.s ou alo- 
 (tiques. (Aloes ill pulv. ; sapnnis, sing. gy. syr. 
 q. s. to form 240 pUls. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. x 
 to XX, in habitual costiveness. 
 
 PilclyE Aloes et Assafce'tid^, Aloctic and 
 Asso/cetida Pills. (Aloes, assofoetides, sciponis, 
 sing. §ss : aqua, q. s. to form ISO pills. — Ph. U. 
 S.) Purgative and stomachic. Dose, gr. x. 
 
 Pilule Aloes et Cajibo'givE, P. de Aloe et 
 Caiitbo'gid, P. Hydrarrjo'fja Bon'tii, Pill of Aloes 
 and. Cambof/e. (Aloes, camhog,, gum. ammoniat., 
 Sa p. se. Make into a powder. Dissolve in vine- 
 gar ; pass through a cloth ; express the residuum 
 strongly ; and afterwards evaporate, in a water- 
 bath, to a pilular consistence. — Ph. P.) Purga- 
 tive ; used in dropsy. Dose, gr. xij to xxx. 
 
 Peter 8 Pills — anostrum — are formed of aloes, 
 jalap, scammony, and cwmboge, of each equal 
 parts. 
 
 The basis of Morrison's Pills, often called Hy- 
 giene Pills, of Brandreth's Pills, and Moffat's 
 Pills, is said to be aloes, with camboge, scam- 
 mony, &c. 
 
 Push's Pills were formed of calomel, aloes, and 
 camboge, with oil of mint. 
 
 PiLULj? Aloes et Colocyn'thidis, P. ex Co- 
 locynth'ide cum aloe, P. Aloes cum Colocyiithide, 
 P. eoo'cinw, P. cocchii, P. colocyn'thidis compos' - 
 i'CB, P. coccicB jniuo'res, Pill of Aloes and Colo- 
 cynth. (Pulp, coloc. ^Bs ; aloes hepat., scammon, 
 au jj ; sapou. ^ij ; ol. caryoph. ^j ; syrii]). q. s. — 
 Ph. D.) Cathartic. Dose, gr. v to x or more. 
 
 Foth'ergiU's Pills consist of aloes, scammony, 
 coloeynth, and oxide of antimony, 
 
 PiLULvE Alohs Compos'it^, PihdcB ex Aloe, 
 CoV'pound Aloetic Pills. (Aloes spic. extract, cont. 
 ^j ; ext. gentiancE, 5=^5 ^^^^ cnrui, gtt. xl ; syr. 
 q. s. — Ph. L.) These are sometimes, also, called 
 F<iiiiily pills, Antibilious pills, &c. 
 
 PiLUL.E DE Aloe et Fce'tidis, P. Betiedic'tce 
 Fulleri, Pill of aloes and fetid gums, PilulcB ec- 
 2:ihrac'ticcp, Female piills, Pilulcp aloes martia'les, 
 (F. ) Pilules henites de Fuller. (Aloes socotr., sen- 
 tiCB, assafoetidcE, galbani, aa ^ij ; myrrh, ^iv ; 
 eroci, macis, aa ^j : ferri sulphat. giss. Reduce 
 to powder separately, and add ol. succin. gtt. viij ; 
 eyr. artemisicR, q. s. — Ph. P.) Purgative, and 
 given in hysteria. Dose, gr. xv to xx. 
 
 Whytt's Pills, given in similar cases, consisted 
 of chloride of iron, aloes, extract of horehonnd, 
 and assafoetida. 
 
 PiLUL^E Aloes et Jalap'^, commonly called 
 Anderson's pills, Anderson's Scots' piUl'^, Scotch 
 pills. (Aloes Barhad. ft j ; rad. helleb. nigr., 
 rod. jalapas, pioto.ss(B snhcarb. aa. 3J ; ol. anisi, 
 giv : syrup, simpl. q. s. — Gray.) Dose, gr. x 
 to xxx. 
 
 A committee of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy recommend the following: Aloes Bar- 
 i!>«f/e?!S. , 3 xxiv ; saponis, §ivj colocynthid. §j ; 
 ea.r.ibogicB, ,5J ! ol. anis. fgss. 
 
 PiLUL.E Aloes et KiNjE Kin^e, P. sfomack'ica 
 P. ante cibum, Pill of aloes and cinchona, (F.) 
 Pilules gourmandes. (Aloes socotr. ^^vj ; ext. cin- 
 chuH. ^iiy. c'innam. ^y. syrup, absinth, q. s. — 
 Ph. P.) Stomachic and laxative. Dose, gr. x 
 
 to XX. 
 
 Lady Crespigny's pills, Lady Webster's pills. 
 Lady Hesketh's pills, and the Pilnlm stomach'ica 
 Mesues (Ph. L. 1635), resemble these. 
 
 Frank's pills, much employed, also, as 'dinner 
 pills,' or, — to use the language of the eccentric 
 Kitchener — a.s 'peptic persuaders,' are said to 
 43 
 
 be much used, under the name Graines de sanfi, 
 in various parts of Europe. They £onsist of 
 aloes. Jalap, and rhubarb, with syrup of worm- 
 wood as an excipient. 
 
 PiluljE Aloes Martiales, P. de aloe et foe- 
 tidis. 
 
 Pilule Aloes et Myrrhs, P. aloes cum myr- 
 rhd, P. de aloe et myrrhd, Eufus's or Puff'us'a 
 2)ills, Common pills, Pilulce Bufi seu Buffi, P. 
 commu'nes, Pills of aloes and myrrh. (Aloes, ,^ij; 
 croci, in pulv. ^ss; myrrh, ^j ; syr. q. s. to form 
 480 pills. — Ph. U. S.) Cathartic and emmena- 
 gogue. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
 
 Hooper's pills — possessed of similar properties 
 
 — according to one of Gray's formulae, are made 
 as follows ; Ferri sidph., aqua, aa ^viij. Dis- 
 solve. Add aloes Barbad. tbij and ^vii) ; canel- 
 IcB alba, §vj; gum myrrh, 5ij ; opopanacis, ^iv. 
 The committee of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy recommend the following form : Aloes 
 Barbadensis, ^viij ; ferri sulphatis exsiccat. gij, 
 ^iss, vel ferri sulph. crystall. ^iv ; ext. helleb. 
 nigr. ^ij ; myrrh, ^iy, saponis, ^ij ; canellm, in 
 pulv. tritfe, ^j ; zingib. in pulv. tritae, §j. 
 
 Speediman's pills consist of aloes, myrrh, rhu- 
 barb, extract of chamomile, and essential oil of 
 chamomile ; and the Pills of Barthez, of aloes, 
 myrrh, musk, camphor, and balsam of Peru. 
 
 Pilule de Aloe et Sapone, P. aloeticae. 
 
 Pilule Aloes cttm Zingib'ere, Pill of aloen 
 and ginger. (Aloes hepat. ^j ; rad. zingib. in 
 pulv. 3J i sapon. Hispc(n. ^ss ; ol. ess. menthce pip). 
 gss. — Ph. D.) In habitual costiveness. Dose, 
 gr. X to XX. 
 
 Pilule Ammonittre'ti Cijpri, Pills of Ammo- 
 niuret of copper, Pihdm cupri, (V.) Pilules d'am- 
 moniure de cuivre. (Amynoniur. cupri, in pulv. 
 ten. trit. gr. xvj ; micce panis, ^iv; aqua carbo- 
 natis ammonia, q. s. Beat into a mass, and di- 
 vide into xxxij pills. — Ph. E.) Tonic and anti- 
 spasmodic, in epilepsy, &c. Dose, one pill twice 
 daily ; gradually increasing the dose. 
 
 PiLrL^E Ante Cibum, P. aloes et kinte kinse. 
 
 PiLUL.E Antibilio's.e, Barclay's Antibil'ious 
 pills. (Extract de coloeynth, ^ij : resin of jalaps 
 5J ; almond soap, ^iss ; guaiac, ^iij ; emetic tart.. 
 gr. viij ; oils of junijyer, carraway, and rosemary,. 
 aa iv drops ; syrup of buckthorn, q. s. to form 64 
 pills.) Dose, two or three. 
 
 BLvon's Antibilious pills are formed of aloes,, 
 scammony, rhidiarb, and tartarized antimony. 
 
 PiLUL.E Antiherpetice, Pilulse hydrargyrL 
 submuriatis comp. — p. Antihystericae, P. galbani 
 compositas. 
 
 PiluLjE Antisceophtjlo's^, P.ea; ox'ido stib'ii 
 et hydrar'gyri sulphure'to iiigro compos'itm. (P. 
 scammon., hydrarg. sulphur, nigr. aa ^ij ; atiti- 
 monii oxidi albi, milleped., sapon. amygdalin. aa 
 ^iij ; extract, glycyrrh. 3 v. Make into a mass. — ■ 
 Ph. P.) Dose gr. iv to xx. 
 
 Pilul.e Antispasticve, p. galbani composite 
 
 — p. Assafoetidse compositae, P. galbani compo- 
 sitse. 
 
 Pilule Asiat'ic^e, Asiat'icp)ills, Tanjore pillf. 
 (Acid, arsenios. gr. Iv; piper, nigr. pulv. ^ix; 
 acacia, q. s. ut fiant pil. 800. Each pill contains 
 about one-fifteenth of a grain of arsenious acid. 
 These pills are employed in India for the cure of 
 syphilis and elephantiasis. 
 
 Pilulje Assafce'tid.e, Assafet'ida pills. (As- 
 safcetid. §iss; saponis, ^ss. Beat with water so 
 as to form a mass to be divided into 240 pills.— 
 Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Pilule Balsam'ic^, P. Docto'ris Morton. 
 (Milleped, pulverisat. gxviij ; gum. ammon. ^xj ; 
 acid, benzoic, ^vy, croci, balsam. Peruv. ~'a 5ri r 
 
 balsam, sulpjh. anisat. gvj. Mix. 
 expectorant, and balsamic. 
 
 -Pb 
 
 aa gji 
 P ^ Tonic, 
 
PILULE 
 
 674 
 
 PILULE 
 
 PrLTri,2E Benedicts Pulleri, P. de aloe et 
 
 Pilule Cambo'gi.i; Coirpos'iT^, P. de guttd 
 gaman'drd, P. hydrago'gae, Gamboge pills, PilulcB 
 gummi giittcB aloet'iccs, Compound camhoge pills, 
 (F.) Pilules de gomme gutte compoaees. {Cambo- 
 gicB contritce, aloes spicat. extrat. contriti., pnlv. 
 cinnani. comp. sing, ^j ; saponis, ^U- — Ph. L.) 
 Cathartic. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
 
 Morrison's pills are said by Dr. Paris to be 
 nothing more than the above, with the addition 
 of a small portion of cream of tartar. 
 
 Pil'ol^ Cathar'tic^ Compos'it^. Compound 
 cathartic pills. [Ext. coloct/nth. comp. in pulv. 
 ^ss ; ext. jalapcB, in pulv.. hydrarg. chlorid. mit. 
 aa ^iij ; gambog. in pulv. ^ij. M. Form into a 
 mass with water, and make into 180 pills. — Ph. 
 U. S.) Three for a dose. 
 
 Pilule Cocchii, P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. 
 Cocciae minores, P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. 
 Coccinse, P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. Colchici 
 et digitalis, P. Lartigues' — p. Colocynthidis com- 
 posite, P. aloes et colocynthidis — ^p. ex Colocyn- 
 thide cum aloe, P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. 
 Communes, P. aloes et myrrhae — p. Cupri, P. 
 ammoniureti cupri. 
 
 Pilule Copa'ib^, Pills of copaiba. (Copaib. 
 ^ij; magnesicB, recente pr«par. ^j. Mix, and 
 get aside till it concretes into a pilular mass, to 
 be divided into 200 pills.— Ph. U. S.) Each pill 
 contains nearly five grains of copaiba. Two to 
 b'yx for a dose. 
 
 PiLULyB DE Ctnoglos'so, P. de extrac'to o'pii. 
 ^Pulv. rad. cynogloss., semin. hyoseya.m. alb., ex- 
 tract, opii vinos, aa ^iv ; pulv. myrrh, ^vj ; oliban. 
 ^v ; eroei., castor., aa ^^^^ j ^yup opii, q. s. — 
 Ph. P.) Anodyne. In cough, &c. Dose, gr. iv 
 to gr. viij. 
 
 Pilule Depurantes, P. hydrargyri submu- 
 riatis compos. — p. EcphracticEe, P. de aloe et 
 fofftidis. 
 
 Pilule Ferri Carbona'tis, Pills of carbonate 
 of iron, Vallet's pills, Yallef s ferrii' gin ous pills. 
 {Ferri sidph. §viij ; soda carbonat. ^x ; 3Iel. 
 despumat. ^iij ; sacchar. gij ; aqucB bullientis, Oij ; 
 syrup, q. s. Dissolve the sulphate of iron and 
 carbonate of soda, each in a pint of the water, 
 and to each solution add a fluidounce of syrup; 
 then mix the two solutions in a bottle just large 
 enough to contain them ; close it accurately with 
 a stopper, and set it by, that the carbonate of 
 iron may subside. Pour off the liquid, and having 
 washed the precipitate with warm water, sweet- 
 ened with syrup in the proportion of f5J of the 
 latter to Oj of the former, until the washings no 
 longer have a saline taste, place it upon a flannel 
 cloth, and express as much water as possible ; 
 then mix it with the honey and sugar. Lastly, 
 heat the mixture in a water-bath, until it at- 
 tains a pilular consistence. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 PiLUL.E Ferp.i Compos'it.e, Compound pills of 
 iron, PilulcB ferri cum. myrrhd, (F.) Pilules de 
 fer composees. (2Iijrrh, in pulv. ^ij ; sodrp. sub- 
 carb., ferri sulph. aa 3i ! '<y>'up, q. s. Mix, to 
 form 80 pills. — Ph. U. S.) Tonic. Dose, gr. x 
 
 to XX. 
 
 PiLDL.E Ferki Iod'tDI, Pills of iodide of iron. 
 (Ferri sulphnt. ^j ; Potass, iodid. ^iv; traga- 
 ■itnth. pulv. gr. x ; sacchar. pulv. ,555. Beat with 
 jyrup int; ?. mass, to form 40 pills. — Ph. U. S.) 
 fiose, one to three, where a tonic and eutrophic 
 is indicated. 
 
 PiLUL.f Ferri cum Myrrha, P. Ferri compo- 
 titae — p. FcBtidae, P. galbani coinpositoe. 
 
 PiLni.vE Gal'bani Co>rPOs'iTyE, P. assafoetidce 
 eomr\n->'it(B, P. foe' tides, P. gummo'scg, P. e gummi. 
 Compound gt-Vbanum pill, Pilulce antispai'ticrB, 
 P. aatikyster'iccB, P. mytvha eompos'ilcB, Gum 
 
 pill. (Galban., myrrhm, aa J^vj ; assafmtida, 
 ,5ij ; syrup, q. s. to form 240 pills. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Antispasmodic and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. x 
 
 to XX. 
 
 PiluljE GtTMMi, P. galbani compositse — p. 
 Gummi gutta aloetico3, P. cambogiEe compositse 
 — p. Gummosae, P. galbani compositse — p. de 
 Gutta gamandra, P. cambogiae compositse. 
 
 PiLUL.E EX HeLLEB'ORO ET MyRRHA, P. ton' - 
 iccB, Backer's pills, Tonic pills of Bacher, Pills 
 of hellebore and myrrh. [Ext. helleb. nig., 
 myrrh, aa ^j ; fol. cardui benedict, in pulv. 
 ^iij. M. — Ph. P.) Tonic and emmenagogue. 
 In dropsical, cutaneous, and verminous affections. 
 Dose, gr. iv to gr. viij. 
 
 Mattkeics's pills, — Starkey's pilla, are formed 
 of rad. helleb. nigr., rad. glycyrrh., sapon. CastilJ., 
 rad. curcumcB, opii purif, syrup, croci, aa ^iv; 
 ol. tereb. q. s. ut fiat massa. — Gray. 
 
 Pilule Hydragog^, P. cambogiae compo- 
 sitse — p. Hydragogse Bontii, Pilulse aloes et cam- 
 bogise. 
 
 PiLULiE Hydrar'gyri, P. mercuvia'les, Mer- 
 cwial pill, Blue pill, (F.) Pilules de Merciire. 
 [Hydrarg. purif. 5J ; eonf. rosa, ^iss; glycyrrh. 
 pulv. 5ss. Rub the quicksilver with the confec- 
 tion, until the globules disappear; then add the 
 liquorice powder, and beat the whole into a uni- 
 form mass, to be divided into 480 pills. — Ph. U. 
 S.) AntisyphUitic ; mercurial; — in large doses, 
 purgative. 
 
 A purgative pill, much prescribed by Mr. Aber- 
 nethy, and called Abernethy's pill, consisted of 
 2)il. hydrarg. gr. x ; jalap, pulv. gr. xx ; syrup 
 rhnmni, q. s. ut fiant pil. vj. Two were given at 
 night, and the next morning a wineglassful of 
 infusum senna. 
 
 PiLUL.E Hydrar'gyri Cheo'ridi Mitis, Pills 
 of mild chloride of mercury, Calomel pills. [Hy- 
 drarq. chlorid. mit. gss ; acacics, in pulv. ^j ; 
 syrup, q. s. ut fiant pil. 240.— Ph. U. S.) Each 
 pill contains one grain. 
 
 PiLUL.e DE Hydrargyro, Scamwo'nio et 
 Aloe, vulgo Mercuria'les, (F. ) Pilules Mer- 
 curiclles ou de Jfercure, Scammonee et Aloes. 
 [Hydrarg. 2^urif. 5J ; mellis, ^xj. Rub until the 
 globules disappear; then add aloes Socot., scam- 
 mon. aa ^ij ; maeis, cinnam. aa ^ij. Make into 
 a mass. — Ph. P.) Uses, same as the last, but 
 they are more purgative. Dose, gr. viij to xsx. 
 These pills are nearly the same as the Pastilles 
 de Renaudot. 
 
 PiLUL.E ex Hydrargyro Muriatico miti ccm 
 Sulphure Stieiato Aurantiaco, Pilulse hydrar- 
 gyri submuriatis compositae. 
 
 PiLUL^E Hydrargyri Submuriatis Compos- 
 IT.E, Pilulce ex stib'io et hydrar'gyro, P. antiher- 
 pet'icce, P. ex hydrargyro muriat'ico miti cum 
 sul'phure stibia'to auriantiaco, P. resolven'les cum 
 mercurio, P. depurantes, P. hydrargyri submu- 
 riatis. Compound pills of submuriate of mercury, 
 Calomel pills, Plummer's pills, Red pill. [Hy- 
 drarg. subnmr., antimon. sulphur, prccipitat. sing. 
 .-5y 5 guaiac. gum resin, contrit. ^iv ; spirit rect. 
 ^ss. Beat together. — Ph. L.) Mercurial, and 
 reputed to be diaphoretic and aU«raiivc. Dose, 
 gr. V to X. 
 
 Leake's pihila saluia'ria resembles these. It 
 is used in syphilis. 
 
 PiLUi,.E Mercuriales, P. hydrargyri, P. <le 
 hydrargyro, scarauionio otaloe — p. Doctoris Mor- 
 ton, P. balsamiete — p. Myrrha; couipositae, P. 
 Galbani composita;. 
 
 PlLnL>E Opia't.e, p. Thcba'ica, Opiate pill*. 
 Common n ight pills, Anodyne pills, Nepen'then opi- 
 a'tum, (F.) Pilules opiacees. [Opii, p. 1: ext. 
 glycyrrh. p. 7 ; fruct. viyrt. piment. p. 2. Mix. — 
 Vh. E.) Five grains contain gr. ss of opium. 
 
PILULAR 
 
 675 
 
 PIMPINELLA 
 
 PiluLjE Opii, p. saponis cum opio — p. de Ex- 
 tracto opii, P. de cynoglosso — p. ex Oxido stibii 
 et hydrargyri sulphureto nigro composite, Pilule 
 antiscrophulosaa — p. Resolventes cum mereurio, 
 P. hydrargyri submuriatis compos. — p. de Rha- 
 barbaro, Pilulse rhei composita3. 
 
 The stomachic nostrum, sold under the name 
 oi Moseley's pills, consists merely oi rhubarb and 
 ginger. 
 
 Pilule Qui'ni^ Sulpha'tis, Pills of sulphate 
 of quinia. ( Quin. sulph. ^j ; acacicB, in pulv. 
 3;ij ; ntel. q. s. utfiantpilulae 480. — Ph. U. S. Each 
 pill contains a grain of the sulphate of quinia. 
 
 PiLDLJE Rhej, Pills of rhubarb. {Rhej, pulv. 
 
 tvj ; saponis, ^ij. M. et fiant pil. 120. — Ph. U. 
 .) Each pill contains three grains of rhubarb. 
 PiluLjB Rhei Coiipos'it^, P. de Bhabar'baro, 
 Compound rhubarb piills. {Rhei, pulv. ^j ; aloes, 
 pulv. Jvj; myrrh, pulv. ^vr; ol. menth<B pip. f^ss. 
 Beat into a mass, with syrup of orange-peel, to 
 form 240 pills. — Ph. U. S.) Laxative and sto- 
 machic. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
 
 Griffin's jnlls, so called after Dr. S. P. Griffitts, 
 of Philadelphia, who prescribed them as a tonic 
 aperient, were formed as follows : — Rhej, pulv. 
 ^iss ; ferri snlph. ^ss; saponis, ^ij ; aqua, q. s. 
 ut fiat massa in pil. xl dividenda. Dose, three or 
 four at bedtime. 
 
 Pilule Rttfi, P. aloes et myrrhjB — p. Salu- 
 taria3, Leake's, see Pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis 
 compositse — p. Saponaceae, P. saponis cum opio 
 — p. Saponis compositae, P. saponis cum opio. 
 
 PiluLjB Sapo'nis cum O'pio, P. sapona'cea, 
 Pills of soap and opium, P. sapo'nis compos'itce, 
 (F.) Pilules de snvon et d'opium. {Opii, ^ss; 
 sapon. ,^ij. M. — Ph. D. S.) Five grains contain 
 one of opium. 
 
 The Pharmacopoeia of the United States has a 
 form for the PilulcB opii. Opium pills, as well as 
 for the PilulcB saponis composite ; the only diifer- 
 ence between them being in the proportion of the 
 ingredients. The following is the formula for 
 tho Pilulae opii : — Opii, pulv. ^j ; saj)onis, gr. xij. 
 Beat with water into a mass to form 60 pills. 
 
 Pilule e Scilla, P. scillse compositaj. 
 
 Pilule ScilLjE CoJfPOS'iT^, P. scillit'iccB, P. 
 ecillcB cum zinzib'ere, P. e scilla, Compiound squill 
 pill. {ScillcB, pulv. ^y, zingib. pulv., ammoniac. 
 pulv. aa 5'j ! sapionis, ^Jiij j syrup, q. s. ut fiant 
 pil. 120. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, two pills. Expec- 
 torant and diuretic. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
 
 PiluLjE ScilLjE cum Zingibere, p. scillae com- 
 positse^p. ScilliticEB, P. scillee compositae — p. ex 
 Stibio et hydrargyro, P. hydrargyri submur. com- 
 pos. — p. Stomachioae, P. aloes et kino3 kinae. 
 
 Pilule Strych'nijs, Pills of Strychnia. (Very 
 pure strychnine, 2 gr. ; conserve of roses, 3^^- 
 Make into 24 pills.) One or two for a dose. 
 
 Pilule e Sty'race, Storax Pills. {Styracis 
 pur. ^ilj, opii purif, mellis, croei, sing. ^j. Ph. 
 J}.) Six grains contain one of opium. 
 
 PiluljE Sublinguales, Hypoglottides. 
 
 PiluLyE de Terebin'thinJi., Turpentine Pills. 
 Made of turpentine boiled in 3 times its weight 
 of water, until, when thrown into cold water, it 
 forms a soft paste, which has the properties of 
 turpentine, and has been administered in gleet, 
 kc. 
 
 PiluljE Thebaic^, P. opiatae — p. Tonicae, P. 
 ex Hellebore et myrrha. 
 
 PIL'ULAR, Pilula'ris ; from pilxda, *a pill.' 
 Relating to pills, — as 'a 2Mular mass,' ' pilulur 
 form,' &c. 
 
 PILULES, Pilulas — p. Agregatives, see Aggre- 
 gate — p. d' Aloes ou aloetiques, Pilulee aloeticaj — 
 p. d'Ammoniure de cuivre, Pilulae ammoniureti 
 cupri — p. Benites de Fuller, Pilulae de aloe et 
 foetidis— p. de Fer composiea, Pilulae ferri compo- 
 
 sitae — p. Ferrugineuses de Vallet, see Ferri proto- 
 carbonas — p. Gourmandes, Pilula; aloes et kinae 
 kinae — p. de Merctire, Pilulee hydrargyri — p. de 
 Mercure, &c., Pilulae de hydrargyro, et scammo- 
 nio et aloe — p. Mereurielles, Pilulae de hydrar- 
 gyro, scammonio et aloe — p. Opiacees, Pilulae 
 opiatae — p. de Savon et d' Opium, Pilulas saponia 
 cum opio. 
 
 PILVLIER (F.) Pill Machine. An instru- 
 ment invented by the Germans for rolling anJ 
 dividing pills. Also, the earthen pot in whicii 
 pills are preserved. 
 
 PILIIM, Pistil'lus, Pistillum,, Hyp'eros, Cer'- 
 cis, {F.) Pilon. A pestle. A wooden, iron, bell- 
 metal, marble, agate, porcelain, or glass instru- 
 ment for beating or dividing substances in s 
 mortar. 
 
 A spring pestle is one attached above to 8 
 spring, so as to take off the weight, and thus 
 lessen the labour of pounding. 
 PILUS, Capillus, Caul, Hair. 
 PIMELE, Fat. 
 
 PIMELECCHYSIS, Pimelorrhoea. 
 PIMELICUS, Fatty. 
 
 PIMELI'TIS, from vi/ieX,,, ' fat,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the adi- 
 pous tissue. 
 
 PIMELODES, Fatty. 
 
 PIMELO'MA, from m^tlr,, 'fat.' A fatty 
 swelling. 
 
 PIMELORRH(E'A,Ptme?ec'c^?/s?s, from fffjutX;?, 
 ' fat,' and ptoj, ' I flow.' A morbid discharge or 
 disappearance of fat. 
 
 PIMELORTHOPNCE'A, Piorthopnce'a; frora 
 ■KijxeX-n, 'fat,' o^Qoi, 'upright,' and tveciv, 't4 
 breathe.' Dyspnoea, practicable only in the erec< 
 attitude, owing to fat. 
 
 PIMELO'SIS, Obes'itaa nim'ia, from jrt/itX^, 
 'fat.' Conversion into, or formation of, fat,- — ;ia 
 Pimelo'sis hepat'ica, 'fatty degeneration of the 
 liver.' 
 
 Pimelosis Hepatica, Adiposis hepatica — p. 
 Nimia, see Polysarcia. 
 
 PIMENT, Capsicum annuum — p. Royal, My- 
 riea gale. 
 
 PIMENTA, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 PIMENTjE BACC^, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 PIMENTO, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 PIMIACULA, Labia pudendi. 
 PIMPERNEL, BLUE, Scutellaria lateriflora 
 — p. Red, Anagallis — p. Scarlet, Anagallis arven- 
 sis — p. Water, Veronica beccabunga. 
 PIMPILIM, Piper Ion gum. 
 PIMPINEL, see Pimpinella — p. Italian, San- 
 guisorba officinalis. 
 
 PIMPINELLA ALBA, P. saxifraga — p. An- 
 geliceefolia, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 
 Pimpinel'la Ani'sum, Anise plant, Anisvm, 
 A. officina'le seu vulga're, Sison ani'sum, A'pimn 
 ani'sum, Sola'mtn intestino' rum, Ane'sum, (F.) 
 Anis. Family, Umbelliferai. Sex. Sysf. Pentan- 
 dria Digynia. A native of Egypt. The seeds, 
 Ani'sum, (Ph. U. S.) Sem'rna Ani'si, An'iseed, 
 have an aromatic odour; and a sweetish, warm, 
 grateful taste. They are carminative, and used 
 in dyspepsia and in tormina of infants. Dose, 
 gr. XV to 5J, bruised. The oil, — Oleum Ani'si, 
 (F.) Huile d'anis — is officinal. Dose, gtt. v to 
 XV. Most of the oil used in this country under 
 the name of Oil of Anise is said to be obtained 
 from lUicium Anisatum. 
 
 Pimpinella, Greater, P. magna — p. Hircin€^ 
 P. Saxifraga — p. Laterifolia, Sion ammi. 
 
 Pimpinel'la Magna seu nigra seu major sea 
 rubra; Greater Pimpinel'la; Tragoseli'num mag- 
 num seu majue, Bauctis, Cyan'opus, (F.) Boucag* 
 majeur. The root has beer extoUed aa dii;retio 
 
PIMPLE 
 
 676 
 
 PINUS 
 
 ftnd resolreiit, as well as in erysipelatous ulcera- 
 tions, tinea capitis, rheumatism, &c. 
 
 PiMPiNELLA Major, P. magna — p. Nigra, P. 
 magna — p. Nostras, P. saxifraga — p. Officinalis, 
 Sanguisorba officinalis — p. Rubra, P. magna. 
 
 PiMPlNELLA Saxif'eaga, Sax'ifrage, Burnet 
 sax'^ifrage, Pote'rium sanguisor'ba, Sorhastrel'la, 
 Tragoseli'num, T.8axi/'raga,Pimpinel'la hirci'na 
 seu umhellif'era seu alha seu nostras, (F.) £ou- 
 eage mineur, Petit B., Pimprenelle. The root has 
 an unpleasant smell, and hot, pungent, bitterish 
 taste. It has been recommended as a stomachic ; 
 and as a stimulating gargle in paralysis of the 
 tongue. 
 PiMPiNELLA UiiBELLiFERA, P. saxifraga. 
 PIMPLE, Papula. 
 PIMPLED, Papulose. 
 
 PIMPRENELLE, Pimpinella saxifraga—^. 
 Noire, , Sanguisorba officinalis. 
 
 PIN. Perhaps from pennum, low Latin ; or 
 from spina; Spina fer'rea, Acus capita' ta, (F.) 
 i'^jinjrZe. An iron or brass instrument, generally 
 of a small size, pointed at one extremity, and 
 having a head at the other. It is used, in Sur- 
 gery, to fix rollers and dressings ; and occasion- 
 ally in sutures. 
 
 PIN A PIGNON, see Pinus pieea. 
 PINASTELLUM, Peucedanum. 
 PINASTER, Pinus sylvestris. 
 PINCE, Pinched. 
 
 PINCE LITHODRASSIQUE, see Litho- 
 drassic. ^ 
 PINCEE, Pugillus. 
 PINCERS, Forceps. 
 PINCETTES, Forceps. 
 
 PINCHED, Contrac'tus, (F.) PincS, GrippL 
 An epithet applied to the face, when the features 
 are contracted or shrunken ; as in violent abdo- 
 minal affections, or during intense pain. 
 
 PINCKNE'YA PUBENS, P. Pules' cens, 
 Georgia Barh, Bitter Baric, Florida Bark, Fever 
 tree. This bark has been used in Georgia in the 
 cure of intermittents, and successfully. It is a 
 powerful bitter. Dose of the powder, ^j. 
 PINDARS, Araehis Hypogea. 
 PINE APPLE, Bromelia ananas — p. Apher- 
 nousli, Pinus cembra — p. Ground, Lycopodium 
 complanatum — p. Ground, stinking, Camphoros- 
 ma Monspeliaca — p. Mountain, see Pinos mughos 
 — p. Mugho, see Pinus mughos — p. Sap, Ameri- 
 can, Hypopitys lanuginosa — p. Stone, Pinus pi- 
 nea — p. Sugar, see Arrow Root. 
 PINEA, Pinus pinea. 
 
 PINE'AL, Pinea'lis, from pinus, *a pine.' 
 That which resembles a pine-apple. 
 
 Pineal Gland, Glandula pinea'lis, Cerebral 
 epiph'i/iis, Cona'rium, Conoi'des corpus. Penis 
 cer'ebri. Corpus turbina'tum, Virga seu Turbo 
 cer'ehri, is a small body, of a conical shape ; pale 
 red or grayish colour; and soft consistence; situ- 
 ate between the fornix and the tubercula quadri- 
 ;;cmina. It almost always contains sabulous par- 
 ticles, Sab'ulum cona'rii : when these are grouped 
 together over the base of the gland, they form 
 the Aeer'rulus Cer'ebri of Sommering, A. seu 
 Lapil'li glan'dulcB pinea'lis. From its anterior 
 part arise two medullary striiB, which proceed 
 oi^er the posterior commissure ; coast along the 
 optit chalair.i, and unite at the anterior pUlar of 
 th* fornix, — the hahe'ncB or reins of the pineal 
 gland. 
 
 The uses of the pineal gland are unknown. 
 iJcscartes supposed it to be the seat of the soul ! 
 PINEI, see Pinus pinea. 
 PINEOLI, see Pinus pinea. 
 PINEUS PURGANS, Jatropha curoas. 
 riNGUEC'ULA, Pteryg'inm pingue seu lar- 
 
 da'ceum, from pinguis, 'fat.' 'fatty.' A small, 
 whitish-yellow tumour in the sclerotic conjunc- 
 tiva and subjacent areolar tissue, close to the 
 margin of the cornea on its nasal or temporal 
 side ; so called from its being supposed, but erro- 
 neously, to be of a fatty nature. 
 
 PINGUE'DO, Fat— p. Renalis, Nephridion. 
 
 PINGUIC'ULA VULGA'RIS, P. al2n'na, Sa- 
 nic'tda monta'na, S. Eboracen'sis, Vi'ola palus'- 
 tris, Dodecath'eon Plin'ii, Butter-wort, Yorkshire 
 San'icle. Family, Personneaj. Sex. Si/st. Dian- 
 dria Monogynia. The unotuosity of this plant 
 has caused it to be applied to chaps, and as a po- 
 matum to the hair. Decoctions of the leaves, in 
 broths, are used by the common people in Wales 
 as a cathartic. 
 
 PINGUID, Fatty. 
 
 PINGUIDINOUS, Fatty. 
 
 PINGUIN, Bromelia pinguin. 
 
 PINGUITUDO, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 
 PINHOLE PUPIL, see Pupil, pinhole. 
 
 PINHONES INDICI, Jatropha curcas. 
 
 PINK, CAROLINA, Spigelia Marilandica, 
 
 Pink Dye. Stri2')2>ed safftower, ^j, snbcarb. of 
 potass, gr. xviij, spirit of wine ^^'U j digest for 
 two hours ; add distilled vjater ^ij : digest for two 
 hours more, and add distilled vinegar or lemon 
 juice q. s., to reduce it to a fine rose-colour. Used 
 as a cosmetic. 
 
 Pink, Ground, Silene Virginiea — p. Indian, 
 Spigelia Marilandica — p. AYild, Silene Virginiea. 
 
 PINNA, Ala, Pavilion of the ear — p. Marina, 
 ^G6 Bissus. 
 
 " PINNACULUM FORNICIS GUTTURALIS, 
 Uvula. 
 
 PINN^ HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver — p. 
 Naris, see Nasus. 
 
 PINNULA, Aileron. 
 
 PINNULiB HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver. 
 
 PINO'LI. (S.) A preparation used for subsist- 
 ence on long journeys in the West. It is parched 
 corn, beaten or ground very fine, and sweetened 
 with sugar, to be used with water, and drunk on 
 the march. It is the cold flour of the Indians,, 
 and early Western pioneers. 
 
 PINONCILLO TREE, Castiliognia lobata. 
 
 PINUS A'BIES, P. exce'lsa seu picea, A'bies, 
 Abies rubra seu excelsa seu 2}icea, El' ate thelei'o, 
 Piee'a, Norway Spruce Fir, Yeio-leaved Fir. 
 Nat. Ord. Coniferae. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Mona- 
 delphia. The tops are used in making Spruc-i 
 Beer. 
 
 Essence of Spruce, Essen'tia Abie'tis, is a fluid 
 extract, prepared by decoction from the twigs of 
 this species of fir. From this is made Spruce 
 Beer. 
 
 This fir affords the Burgundy pitch and com- 
 mon frankincense. 1. Bur'gundy Pitch, White 
 pitch, Pix Burgun'dica, Pix alba, Besi'na abie'- 
 tis hu'mida, Besi'na alba hnmida, Pini abie'tis 
 resina sponte concre'ta, Pix ar'ida, Pix abicti'na. 
 P. abietis (Ph. U. S.,) (F.) Poix blanche, Poix 
 grasse, P. jaune, P. de Bonrgogne. This pre- 
 pared concrete juice is of a close consistence, 
 rather soft, of a reddish-brown colour, and not 
 unpleasant smell. It is very adhesive to the 
 skin ; and, consequently, forms excellent plasters 
 for remaining upon the part for some time ; — as 
 in cases of affections of the chest. 2. Abie'tis 
 Besi'na, (Ph. L. since 1S09.) Thus, Common 
 Frankincense, Perrosin, Thus fa-mini'num, T. 
 vulga're, Olib'anum vulgare seu sylves'tre, Resina 
 abietis sicca. Resin of the Spruce Fir. It is 
 solid, dry, brittle; externally, brownish-yellow ; 
 internallj', whitish. Used iu plasters like the 
 last. 
 
 Pinus Abies, see P. picea — p. Alba, P. picea. 
 
 Pinus Balsame'a, A'bies bahame'a seu hal- 
 
PINUS 
 
 677 
 
 PIPER 
 
 iamif'era, Peu'cea halsame'a. The tree whicli 
 affords the Canada Balsam, Balsamum Cana- 
 deii'se seu de Can'ada, Resina strobili'na, Tere- 
 binth'ina Canaden'sis, Pint halsame'a, Canada 
 Turpentine or Balsam, Balsam of Fir, (F.) Baume 
 de Canada, is one of the purest turpentines. It 
 has the common properties of those substances. 
 
 PiNUS Canaden'sis, Abies Canaden'sis, Hem- 
 lock Spruce. A tree, which is abundant in Ca- 
 nada, Nova Scotia, and the more northern parts 
 of New England, and is found in the elevated 
 and mountainous regions of the Middle States. 
 The pitch — Pix Canadensis, Canada Pitch, Hem- 
 lock Pitch — obtained from it is commonly known 
 under the name Hemlock Gum. 
 PiNDS Candicans, p. Picea. 
 PiNDS Cembra, p. Monta'na, Aphernous'li 
 Pine. It yields an agreeably scented turpen- 
 tine : — the Carpa'thian Balsam, Bal'samum Car- 
 jiath'icum, B. Lib'ani, Carpath' icum, BriariQon 
 Tur'pentine. The nuts, Cembro nuts, Nu'dei Cem- 
 hrce, have an eatable kernel, and yield oil. The 
 shoots yield Riga Balsam by distillation. 
 
 PiNUS Damar'ra, Ag'athis Damarra, grows in 
 the East India Islands. The juice speedily con- 
 cretes into a very hard resin, — the Damarra tur- 
 pentine. 
 
 PiNus ExcELSA, P. abies — p. Gallica, P. picea. 
 PiNTJS Larix A'bies larix, Larix, L. commu'- 
 nis seu decid'ua seu Europa'a seu pyramida'lis. 
 The Larch, (F.) Ileleze. From this tree exudes 
 Or'emherg gum, Bri'angon manna, Gummi lar'icis 
 seu Oremburgen'se seu Uralen' se. Manna Brigan- 
 ti'na seu larice'a. It also yields, by boring. Com- 
 mon Venice Turpentine, Resina Lar'icis, Terebin- 
 thina Ven'eta seu larici'na, Pini Lar'icis resi'na 
 liq'icida, (F.) Terebenthine de Venise, 3L de 3Le- 
 leze. It is usually thinner than the other sorts 
 of turpentine. 
 
 PiNtJS MuGHOS. The Mountain or Mugho Pine, 
 Pinus Pumil'io. From the extremities of the 
 branches exudes the Resina Strobili'na, of the 
 Germans, or Hungarian Balsam. It is also ob- 
 tained, by expression, from the cones. By dis- 
 tillation, the Hungarian balsam affords the Krum- 
 holz oil. Oleum Templinum. 
 
 Pinus Palustris, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 Pinus Pice'a, P. Abies, A'bies, A. pice'a 
 Beu ^jeciina'ia seu Gal'lica seu alba seu can'di- 
 cans seu vulga'ris seu taxifo'lia, European Sil- 
 ver Fir Tree, El' ate, (F.) Sapin commun. By 
 piercing the tubercles of the bark of this fir, the 
 Strasburg Turpentine \s obtained: — i\iB Resi'na 
 Abie'tis, (Ph. L. before 1809,) Oleum Abietia, Te- 
 rebinth' ina Argentoraten' sis. 
 
 Pinus Pinaster, see P. sylvestris. 
 Pinus Pi'nea, Stone Pine, Pinea, Pinus, P. 
 uber'rima seu sati'va. The nuts, Zirbel nuts. 
 Pine nuts, Nu'dei Pi'nece, Pinei, Pine'oli, (F.) 
 Pin d pignons, are eaten raw, or preserved like 
 almonds. They are, also, used in emulsions. 
 
 Pinus Pumilio, see Pinus Mughos — p. Sativa, 
 P. pinea. 
 
 Pinus Sylves'tris, Pinas'ter, Pence, Scotch 
 Fir. This pine, as well as P. marit'ima, {P. 
 Pinaster) and other species of Pinus, affords 
 common turpentine and its oil, resin, tar, and 
 pitch. 1. Common Turpentine of Europe, Tere- 
 hinth'ina, T. vulga'ris, T. commu'nis, Resina pini, 
 Bijon, Horse Turpentine, Bordeaux Turpentine, 
 (F.) Terebinthine de Bordeaux, Terebinthine com- 
 mune, is obtained by wounding the tree in hot 
 weather. It is used, chiefly, as a dressing for 
 wounds, Ac, in horses, and for the distillation of 
 the oil, (see Oleum Terebinthinte.) The white 
 Turpentine, or common Turpentiyie of America — 
 Terebinth' ina. Ph. U. S. — is produced chiefly 
 {torn. Pinus palustris and P. tceda, and perhaps 
 
 from other species inhabiting the Southern 
 States. When the oil is distilled with water, 
 yellow resin, or Rosin, (Resi'na, Ph. U. S.) — Re- 
 sina flava — is left, which is only used in the form- 
 ation of ointments and plasters : if without the 
 addition of water, the residuum is common resiu 
 or Colophony. 2. When the cold begins to check 
 the exudation of the common turpentine, part of 
 it concretes in the wounds. This is called, ia 
 France, Gallipot, B arras ; and White Rosin, Re- 
 sina alba, when hardened after long exposure to 
 the air. 3. When the old trees are subjected to 
 distillation, in a coarse manner. Tar is obtained 
 — Hygropissos, Pissa, Pix ce'dria, Resi'na pini 
 empyreumat'ica liq'uida, Terebinth'ina empyreu- 
 mat'ica, Alchitram, Alchitu'ra, Cedria, Pix li- 
 quida, (F.) Goudron, Brai liquide. Tar water. 
 Aqua Picea, A. Picis, Infu'suni Picis liq'uida 
 seu Picis empiyreumatica liquidcB, Po'tio pice'a, 
 (F.) Eau de Goudron, was, at one time, a fa- 
 shionable remedy in numerous complaints, and 
 its use has been revived, since its virtues have 
 been presumed to be owing to creasote. It is 
 employed chiefly in pulmonary affections, and 
 the vapour has been recommended in phthisis 
 and other diseases of the lungs. It is used ex- 
 ternally as a detergent. 4. Common Pitch, Pi.v 
 nigra. Black Pitch, Burnea, Burnia, Stone Pitch, 
 Pix sicca, P. atra, P. nava'lis, Tojyissa, Palim- 
 pis'sa, P. ar'ida (Ph. L. before 1809), (F.) Poix 
 navale, P. noire, is obtained by inspissating tar. 
 It is used only as a resolvent in plasters. 
 
 Pinus T^da, see P. sylvestris — p. Taxifolia, 
 P. picea — p. Uberrima, Pinus pinea — p. VulgO/- 
 ris, P. picea. 
 
 PIONE, Pffionia. 
 
 PIONY, PiBonia. 
 
 PIORTHOPNCEA, Pimelorthopnrea. 
 
 PIOULQUES, (F.) A kind of sucking-pump, 
 invented by Louis, for extracting water that had 
 entered internal cavities, in cases of drowning. 
 A useless instrument. 
 
 PIPE-PLANT, Monotropa uniflora. 
 
 PIPER, see Piper nigrum. 
 
 Piper Album Leucopiper, White Pepper, is 
 black pepper freed from its cuticle. 
 
 Piper AuGUSTiFOLiUM,Matico — p.Aromaticum, 
 P. nigrum — p. Betel, Betel — p. Brazilianum, Capsi- 
 cum annuum — p. Calecuticum, Capsicum annuum. 
 
 Piper Capen'se, a South African species, has 
 all the properties of the peppers, and, in appear- 
 ance and taste, greatly resembles cubebs. It 
 possesses, too, similar virtues. 
 
 Piper Caryophyllatum, see Myrtus pimenta 
 — p. Caudatum, P. cubeba — p. Chiapse, see Myr- 
 tus pimenta. 
 
 Piper Cubeb'a, Per' sea cuheba, Laurus cubeha, 
 Litsaea cubeba seu piperi'ta. A native of Java 
 and Guinea. The odour of these berries — Cu- 
 beba, Com'peper, Compeba, Gubal sini. Piper catt- 
 da'tum, Baccas Piperis glabri, Citbeb Pepper, 
 Tailed Pepper, Cuma'mus, (F.) Poivre-d-queue, 
 Quabebe — is aromatic ; taste at first cooling, af- 
 terwards pungent. The active principle is an 
 essential oil — Oleum CubebcB, oil of cubebs — 
 which is officinal in the Pharm. U. S. The pro- 
 perties of the cubeb are stimulant and purgative. 
 It is used only in gonorrhoea. Dose, from Qj to 
 5J, in powder, three or four times a day; of the 
 volatile oil, 10 or 12 drops. 
 
 * Turkey yellow berries,' — the dried fruit of the 
 Rhamnus Catharticus — are often substituted for 
 cubebs. 
 
 Piper Guinbense, Capsicum annuum — p. His- 
 panicum. Capsicum — p. Indieum, Capsicum an- 
 nuum — p. Jamaicense, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 Piper Longuji, Macrop'iper, Acapat'li, Catu^ 
 trip'ali, Pim'pilim, Long Pepper, (F.) Paivrt 
 
PIPERENA 
 
 ers 
 
 PIT 
 
 long. As we receive the berries, they consist of 
 the unripe fruit dried in the sun ; and are small, 
 round grains, disj osed spirally on a cylindrical 
 receptacle. They are stimulant, carminative, and 
 tonic, like the other peppers. Dose, gr. v to Qj. 
 Piper Lusitanicum, Capsicum annuum — p. 
 Murale, Sedum. 
 
 PiPBB Methistictjit, see Ava. 
 Piper Xightjm, ilelanoji'iper, ilolagoco'di, 
 Lada, PijJer aromat' ictim, Piper (Ph. U. S.), 
 Black Pepper, (F.) Poivre noir. Black pepper 
 is the unripe fruit dried in the sun. Virtues, 
 same as those of the other peppers. 
 
 Piper ODORATUii Jamaicense, see Myrtus 
 I)lmenta — p. Tabascum, see Myrtus pimenta — p. 
 Turcicum, Capsicum annuum. 
 
 PIPERI'NA, Piperi'num, Pip'erhie, Piperin. 
 A resinoid substance, obtained from the piper 
 nigrum by M. (Erstadt, in which a part of the 
 virtues of the pepper resides. It has been em- 
 ployed, like the quinia, in intermittents, and suc- 
 cessfully. 
 
 PIP'EROID, PiperoVdum, Zingib'erin. A 
 yellow syrupy mass obtained by- exhausting gin- 
 ger root by ether. It is soluble in ether, alcohol, 
 and oils, and -may be given in tincture, sugar, 
 lozenge, or syrup, in cases where ginger is indi- 
 cated. 
 
 PIPEROPAS'TUS; from ncirepi, 'pepper,' and 
 r-ao-o-Etv, ' to strew.' Strewed with pepper, — socks, 
 for example, where it is desirable to excite the 
 surface of the feet. 
 
 PIPETTE. 'A small pipe.' In Pharmacy, a 
 small tube terminating in a perforated point, 
 which is passed into a liquid to be removed, 
 from the surface of a precipitate, for example. 
 The liquid is drawn into the tube by applying 
 the mouth to the free extremity. 
 
 PIPIN'NA, 3fen'tula parva. A small penis. 
 PIPPERIDGE BUSH, see Oxycantha Galeni. 
 PIPSISSEWA, Pyrola umbellata— p. Spotted, 
 Pyrola maculata — p. White, Pyrola maculata. 
 'PIPTONYCHIA, Onychoptosis. 
 PIQUETE, see Sahle. 
 PIQURE, Puncture, "Wound, punctured. 
 PISA, (CLIMATE OF.) Pisa has long been 
 celebrated as one of the most favourable climates 
 in Italy for the consumptive. It is genial, but 
 somewhat oppressive and damp. It is softer than 
 that of Nice, but not so warm ; less soft, but less 
 oppressive than that of P^ome. 
 
 PISCIARELLI, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A spring at Monte Secco, in Italy, between Lake 
 Agnano and Solfatara. It is thermal (100° Fahr.), 
 sulphureous, and carbonated, and is chiefly used 
 in old ulcers, leucorrhcea, chronic diarrhoea, and 
 in cutaneous affections. 
 
 PISCID'IA ERYTHRI'NA, Jamaica Bog- 
 wood. A small branching tree, common in most 
 of the West India Islands ; — Diadelphia Decan- 
 dria of Linnseus. It is used in the West Indies 
 to poison fish. It appears to be an acro-narcotic, 
 and has been used in the form of a tincture of the 
 bark of the root in toothach. 
 PISCINA, Baignoire. 
 
 PISCIVOROUS, Pisciv'oruB, Ichthyoph'agous, 
 ichihyoph' agus, from piscis, ' a fish,' and vara, ' I 
 eat.' Feeding or subsisting on fish. 
 
 PIS'IFORM, Pisiform'is, horn pi sum, 'a pea,' 
 i,nd forma, 'shape.' 
 
 PISIFORM'E, OS, Os lenticula're, Os orbicu- 
 la're, Os extra or'dinem carpi, (F.) Os hors du 
 raiig, is the fourth bone of the first row of the 
 carpus. It is round, and gives attachment to the 
 teauon of the cubitalis anterior, and to the ante- 
 rior transverse ligament of the carpus. It is arti- 
 culated, behind, with the os cuneiforme. 
 
 PISO, Mortar. 
 PISSA, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 PISSASPHAL'TUS, Pissasphal'tum, Mineral 
 Pitch, from -niaisa, 'pitch,' and a<r(pa\To;, 'bitu- 
 men.' (F.) Poix minerale. A thicker kind of 
 Petroleum or Bock oil; formerly employed as a 
 vulnerary. It is synonymous with Glu'tinous 
 bitu'men, Malta bitu'men, and Mineral tar. 
 
 PISSEL>31'UM, Oleum Pici'num, from tnaaa, 
 'pitch,' and e\atov, ' oiL' An oily matter ob- 
 tained from boiling pitch, and used for the same 
 purposes as tar. 
 
 PissEL^uM Indicum, Petroleum. 
 PISSE3IENT BE SANG, Hematuria. 
 PISSENLIT, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 PISSE'ROS, from iziaaa, 'pitch.' Ancient 
 name of a cerate, prepared of olive oil, oil of 
 roses, and dried p>itch. It was, also, called Cera'- 
 tum piea'tum, and C. tetraphar' macujn. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 PISSI'TES, Vinum piea'tum. Same etymon. 
 A wine prepared from tar and the must of the 
 grape. It was regarded to be stomachic. 
 PISSOSIS, Malacia. 
 PISSWEED, Anthemis eotnla. 
 PISTACHIO NUTS, see Arachis hypogea, 
 Pistacia vera. 
 
 PISTACIA CHIA, P. lentiseus. 
 Pista'cia Lentis'cus, p. Chia, Terehin'tlnta 
 lentiseus, Lentiseus vulga'ris ; the Mastich Tree. 
 Family, TerebinthaceEe. The wood of this tree 
 abounds with the resinous principles of mastich ; 
 and a tincture made from it has been used in the 
 cure of dyspeptic affections, gout, and dysentery. 
 It yields, by incision, the resin Mastich, Resi'na 
 Lentisci'na, Men'frige, Masti'che, Mastix, Pista- 
 cia Lentis'ci Resi'na. This resin has an agreea- 
 ble smell when heated: is almost insipid; in 
 globular, irregular, yellowish, semi-transparent 
 masses; soluble in ether; partially so in alcohol. 
 It is stimulant, and has been used in old coughs, 
 and gleet, and is chewed to sweeten the breath. 
 It is sometimes, also, employed, to stop holes in 
 carious teeth. 
 
 Pistacia Narbonensis, P. lentiseus — p. Reti- 
 culata, P. lentiseus. 
 
 Pistacia Terebin'thus, P. Narbonen'sis sen 
 reticula'ta seu vera. Turpentine Tree, IIab-el-Ka~ 
 limbat, Terebinthus vulga'ris, Terminthos. The 
 tree which affords the Cyprus Turpentine, Resi'- 
 na Terebin'thi, Terebinth'ina vera, T. Chia, T. 
 Cyp'ria, (F.) Terebinthine de Chio. This sub- 
 stance is classed amongst the resins. It is pro- 
 cured by wounding the bark of the trunk. The 
 best Chio turpentine is of about the consistence 
 of honey ; very tenacious, clear, and almost 
 transparent ; of a white colour inclining to yel- 
 low, and of a fragrant smell ; moderately warm 
 to the taste, but free from acrimony and bitter- 
 ness. It resembles in virtues the other turpen- 
 tines. 
 
 Pistacia Vera. Name of the tree which 
 affords the Nnx Pistacia. Pista'chio nuts have 
 a sweetish, unctuous taste, resembling that of 
 sweet almonds. Like these, they afford an oil, 
 and may be formed into an emulsion. 
 PISTILLUM, Pilum. 
 PISTOLOCHIA, Aristoloehia pistolochia. 
 PISTORIENSIS GLADIUS, Bistouri. 
 PISUM, Pisum sati'vum, Pea, Garden pea, 
 (F.) Pois, P. cuUivL The seeds of the pea, 
 Fmn. Leguminosaa, Sex. Syst. Diadelphia decan- 
 dria, are much employed as an aliment, both in 
 the fresh and dried state. They are farinaceous, 
 and, when dried, not easy of digestion. 
 
 PIT, Pock mark — p. of the Stomach, FoaattU 
 de cceur. 
 
PITAY,A 
 
 679 
 
 PLACENTA 
 
 PITAY'A BARK. This bark is preferred in 
 Colombia to any other. It contains a new vege- 
 table alkali, to which the name Pilayiiie has 
 been given. 
 
 PITAYINE, see Pitaya bark. 
 
 PITCAITHLEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These saline springs, at Pitcaithley, about' four 
 miles from Perth, Scotland, contain chlorides of 
 sodium and calcium. 
 
 PITCH, Colophonia — p. Black, see Pinus syl- 
 vestris — p. Burgundy, see Pinus abies — p. Ca- 
 nada, see Pinus Canadensis. 
 
 Pitch Cap, see Depilatory. 
 
 Pitch, Common, Pinus sylvestris — p. Hemlock, 
 see Pinus Canadensis — p. Jew's, Asphaltum — p. 
 Mineral, Pissasphaltum. 
 
 Pitch Plaster, see Depilatory, Emplastrum 
 picis. 
 
 Pitch, Stone, see Pinus sylvestris — p. White, 
 see Pinus abies. 
 
 PITHYRIASIS, Pityriasis. 
 
 PITHYRINUS, Acerosus, Furfuraceous. 
 
 PITTA' CIUM. A pitch plaster, from Tn-rra, 
 ' pitch.' 
 
 PITTING, Pock mark. 
 
 PITTOSIS, Malacia. 
 
 PITTO'TA. Medicines in which pitch is the 
 chief ingredient. 
 
 PITTSBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 chalybeate mineral spring, situate about four 
 miles south-west of Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania. 
 It contains chloride of sodium, chloride of mag- 
 nesium, oxide of iron, sulphate of lime, and car- 
 bonic acid. 
 
 PIT U IT A, Mucus, Phlegm— p. Narium, Nasal 
 mucus. 
 
 PITU'ITARY, Pituita'riua, from pitutta, 
 ' phlegm.' Concerned in the secretion of mucus 
 or fihlegm. A name given to several parts. 
 
 Pituitary Body, P. Gland. 
 
 Pituitary Fossa, Fossa Pituita'ria. A de- 
 pression on the cerebral surface of the sphenoid 
 bone, which lodges the pituitary gland. It is 
 called, on account of its shape, Sella Turc"iea, 
 Eljhip'pium. Chaussier calls it Fossa supra- 
 ej>Iieiio'ida'lis, from its situation. 
 
 Pitu'itary Gland, Glan'dula Pltuito'sa vel 
 2}ituita' ria, Glandula basila'ris, Lacu'na vel Ap- 
 pendic'ida cer'ehri, Hijpoph'ysis seu Appendix 
 cer'ehri, Pituitary body, Corpus jjituita're ; — 
 Apipendice sus-sphenoidale du cerveau, (Ch.) A 
 small, round body ; the anterior portion of which 
 is of a cineritious yellow hue, and the posterior, 
 which is smaller, is whitish and pulpy. Its func- 
 tions are unknown. 
 
 Pituitary Membrane, Schneide'rian Mem- 
 brane, Ifembra'na pituita'ria, 31. olfacto'ria. 
 The mucous membrane which lines the nasal 
 fossEe, and extends to the different cavities com- 
 municating with the nose. In the nasal fossiB, 
 the membrane appears formed of two layers, in- 
 timately united; — the one in contact with the 
 bone is fibrous; — the other is free at one surface. 
 The latter is a mucous membrane, on which pa- 
 pillas are not easily distinguishable, but which 
 contains them, as well as a number of very small 
 mucous follicles, that open into the cavity of the 
 nares. On penetrating the maxillary, frontal, 
 sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses, the membrane 
 becomes very thin, transparent, less vascular, 
 and seems reduced to its mucous layer. The 
 pituitary membrane receives the impression of 
 odours, by means of the expansion of the olfac- 
 tory nerves upon it. It is the seat of smell. 
 
 PITU'ITOUS, Pituito'sus; from pituita, mu- 
 cus or phlegm. Consisting of, or resembling, or 
 full of mucus or phlegm. 
 
 PITYRI'ASIS, from -irvpov, 'bran;' Lepido'- 
 »U Pityriasis, Pitijris'ma, Pithyri'asis, Herpes 
 
 fvrfnra'ceus, H. farino' siis, Porri'go (of some,) 
 Tin'ea furfura'cea, T. porn'gino'-ia, Fnrfura'tio, 
 Fxirfuris'ca, Dandriff, Dandruff, (F.) Teigne, 
 Dartre, Dartre furfuraeee volant e ; — a very siu 
 perficial affection ; characterized by irregular 
 patches of thin scales, which repeatedly exfoliate 
 and recur; but which never form crusts, or are ac- 
 companied with excoriations. It is not contagious. 
 It occurs under three or four varieties of form. 
 
 Pityriasis, Porrigo — p. Nigra, Melasma — p. 
 Versicolor, Chloasma. 
 
 PITYRISMA, Pityriasis. 
 
 PITYROIDES, Furfuraceus. 
 
 PITYRON, Furfur. 
 
 PIVOINE, Pseonia. 
 
 PIVOTING. In dentistry, an operation, 
 which consists in fastening in a new crown upon 
 the root of a tooth by means of a piece of gold 
 wire, called ' a p>ivot.' 
 
 PIX, Sperm — p. Abietinasee Pinus abies — 
 p. Abietis, see Pinus abies — p. Alba, see Pinus 
 abies — p. Arida see Pinus abies, and Pinus syl- 
 vestris — p. Atra, see Pinus sylvestris— p. Brutia, 
 Brutia — p. Burgundica, see Pinus abies — p. Ca- 
 nadensis, see Pinus Canadensis — p. Cedria, see 
 Pinus sylvestris — p. Grseca, Colophonia — p. Li- 
 quida, see Pinus sylvestris — p. Navalis, see Pinus 
 sylvestris — p. Nigra, see Pinus sylvestris — p. 
 Sicca, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 PLACE'BO, ' I will please.' A medicine, pre- 
 scribed rather to satisfy the patient than with 
 any expectation of its effecting a cure. 
 
 PLACEN'TA. A Latin word, signifying a 
 Cake. P. uteri aeu uteri'na seu uteri car'nea, 
 Hepar seu Jecur uteri'num, Caro seu Affu'sio or- 
 bicidaris, Maza. A soft, spongy, vascular body, 
 adherent to the uterus, and connected v^ith the 
 foetus by the umbilical cord. It is not in exist- 
 ence during the first period of the embryo state, 
 but its formation commences perhaps with the 
 arrival of the embryo in the uterus. It is gene- 
 rally considered to have two portions, one foetal, 
 and the other mufernal. The foetal consists of 
 highly vascular villi and tufts, which contain the 
 inosculating loops of the umbilical arteries and 
 umbilical vein of the fcetus. The maternal por- 
 tion is considered by Dr. Reid to consist, essen- 
 tially, of a large sac formed by the inner coat of 
 the vascular system of the mother, into which 
 the maternal blood is poured by the curling arte- 
 ries of the uterus, and from which it is returned 
 by the utero-placental veins. The tufts and villi 
 of the foetal placenta are ensheathed by this inner 
 coat of the maternal vascular system ; and, ac- 
 cording to Prof. Goodsir, two distinct sets of nu- 
 cleated cells — one maternal and the other foetal — 
 separate the maternal and foetal portions where 
 they come in contact, one set of which are pro- 
 bably, he thinks, concerned in the separation of 
 nutritive matter from the maternal blood, and 
 the other destined to convey it into the vessels 
 of the foetus. The placenta is formed of several 
 lobes or cotyledons, which can be readily distin- 
 guished from each other on the uterine surface ; 
 but towards the foetal surface are confounded into 
 one mass. It is composed of the umbilical ves- 
 sels, areolar tissue, and whitish, resisting fila- 
 ments, which are vascular ramifications oblite- 
 rated. Lymphatic vessels have also been pre- 
 sumed to exist in it ; and nerves have been 
 traced, proceeding from the great sympathetic of 
 the foetus. 
 
 The main function of the placenta appears to 
 be like that of the lungs in the adult. It admits 
 of the blood of the foetus being shown to thai '•[ 
 the mother, and undergoing requisite changes. 
 It may, also, be an organ for nutritive absor[.>- 
 tion, as observed above. 
 Placen'ta Ceuoris, see Blcod — p. Feb-ii:*, 
 
PLACENTAL 
 
 680 
 
 PLANIAR 
 
 A^e cake — p. Oblata, P. praevia — p. Obvia, P. 
 prasvia. 
 
 Placen'ta Pr^'via, (from pra, 'before/ and 
 via, ' way/) P. oh' via, P. ohla'ta. Presentation of 
 the placenta; a condition which gives rise to un- 
 avoidable hemorrhage from the uterus. The safety 
 of the female depends upon speedy delivery. 
 
 Placenta Sanguinis, see Blood — p. Uteri 
 Suceenturiata, Decidua. 
 
 PLACEN'TAL, Placenta'lis. Relating, or ap- 
 pertaining to, the placenta. 
 
 PLACENTI'TIS, Placimti'tis, PlacoVtis, In- 
 Jlamrna'tio placen'tcB. A hybrid word — from 
 placenta, and itis, a sufiix denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the placenta. 
 
 PLACEN'TULA, 'a little cake.' A rudimental 
 placenta. The placenta of an abortion. 
 
 PLACOITIS, Placentitis. 
 
 PLACUNTITIS, Placentitis. 
 
 PLAD AROMA, Pladarosis. 
 
 PLADARO'SIS, Pladaro'ma, Pladar'otes, 
 from 7r\aiapo;, ' soft.' A Soft tumour on the eye- 
 lid, unaccompanied with redness or pain. 
 
 PLADAROTES, Pladarosis. 
 
 PLAFOND DES VENTRICULES BU 
 CER VEA U, Corpus callosum. 
 
 PLAGA, Ictus, Wound. 
 
 PLAGIOBOL'IA, Planohol'ia, from v\ayiog, 
 ' to one side,' and fiaWuv, ' to throw.' Imperfect 
 emission of sperm into the vagina. Emission to 
 one side ; sometimes practised to render impreg- 
 nation less probable. 
 
 PLAGUE, from ttXij/j;, plaga, 'a stroke.' Pes- 
 tis, P. orienta'lis, P. hubona'ria orientalis seu 
 inguina'ria, P. contagio'sa, P. aciitiss'ima, P. 
 sep'tica, P. Glandulo'sa, P. Ade'no-septica, P. 
 inguinaria, Pestil'itas, Ephern,' era pestilentiu'lis, 
 E. mortif'era, Luet inguina'ria, Clades glandu- 
 la'ria, Phthora, Peatilen'tia, Lues, Loimos, Fehris 
 ade'no-nervo'sa, Loemos, Lceme, Loe'miu, Loemop'- 
 yra, Chaosda, Anthra'cia Pestis, Anthracotyphus, 
 Febris pes'tilens, Si/n'ochus pestilentia'liH, Typhus 
 pestis, T. pestilentia'lis, T. gravis' simus, T. an- 
 thra'cicus, T. Bubon'iciis, Exanthe'ma, pestis, the 
 Pest, Levant plague, Septic or glan'dular pes'ti- 
 lence, (F.) Pesfe, Typhus d' Orient, Fievre du Le- 
 vant. An eminently malignant disease; endemic 
 in the Levant; frequently epidemic, and destroy- 
 ing at least two- thirds of those it attacks. It is 
 a fever of the most aggravated kind, with affec- 
 tion of the lymphatic glands of the groin or 
 axillse, and carbuncles. Its miasmata — it has 
 been conceived — adhere to different organic tex- 
 tures, to woollen goods, clothing and furniture ; 
 and may thus be transported to a considerable 
 distance; but this is not certain. The mean du- 
 ration of the disease is six or seven days ; some 
 die in twenty-four hours, others not till ten or 
 twelve days. Pathological anatomy has afforded 
 little light with respect to it. Various means 
 liave been used for arresting it, but none have 
 seemed to be pre-eminently distinguished. The 
 great point is, to watch the indications as they 
 develop themselves ; and to treat the case, in 
 general, like one of typhus gravior. It is uni- 
 versally agreed that the suppuration of the bu- 
 boes should be aided as far as practicable. For 
 preventing the importation and spread of the 
 plague, the Qaar'antine Laws have been insti- 
 tuted; and when the disease has actually ap- 
 peared, a cordon sanituire has been drawn round 
 the infected district, so as to prevent all commu- 
 nication. 
 
 Plague, Cold. A severe form of congestive 
 fever, seen in the Southern States. Bilious pneu- 
 monia, in which there is no reaction, has been, 
 also, so called. 
 
 Plague Make, Plague token. 
 
 Plague, Pali. A malignant fever, greatly 
 resembling Plague, which prevailed in Rajpoo- 
 tana after July, 1836. 
 
 Plague Spot, Plague token. 
 
 Plague Token, Plague mark, Plague spot. 
 A mark by which one struck with the plague was 
 known. Perhaps the early stage of carbuncle in 
 unfavourable cases. It is described as .a small 
 tubercle — Bossa — somewhat resembling a wart, 
 callous and more or less deficient in sensibility, 
 varying in size from that of a millet-seed to that 
 of a bean. 
 
 PLAGULA, Compress, Pledget, Splint. 
 
 PLAIE, Wound — p. d'Arme d feu. Wound, 
 gunshot — p. d'Arqnebusade, Wound, gunshot — 
 p. Contuse, Wound, contused — p. Envenirnic, 
 Wound, poisoned — p. par Arrachement, Wound, 
 lacerated — p. d Larnheaux, see Flap. 
 
 PLANANTHUS FASTIGATUS, Lycopodium 
 selago — p. Selago, Lycopodium selago. 
 
 PLANARIA LATIUSCULA, Distoma hepa- 
 ticum. 
 
 PLANCEER (F.), 'floor.' In anatomy, the 
 inferior wall or boundary of a cavity. 
 
 PL AN CHER BU CERVEAU, Tentorium. 
 
 PLANCUS, Leiopus. 
 
 PLANE, Plexus — p. Mesial, see Mesial. 
 
 PLANET-STRUCK, see Sideratio. 
 
 PLANE'TES, Plane'ticus, Plan'icus, Erra- 
 bun'dus, Errat'ic. An epithet given to diseases, 
 whose returns are irregular — especially to inter- 
 mittent fever ; Planetes Fehria, F. Errat'iea, F. 
 Erro'nea, F. Vaga. 
 
 PLANETICA ARTHRITIS, Gout, wander- 
 ing. 
 
 PLANICUS, Planetes. 
 
 PLANIPEDES, Steganopodes. 
 
 PLANITIES PEDIS, Sole. 
 
 PLANOBOLIA, Plagiobolia. 
 
 PLANTA NOCTIS, Hydroa, Sudamina — p. 
 Pedis, Sole — p. Prima pedis, Tarsus. 
 
 PLANTA'GO, P. Major, Centiner'via, Arno- 
 glos'sum, tSeptiner'via, Polyneu'ron, Hepttaplen'- 
 ron, Planta'go latifo'lia seu major seu vulga'ris, 
 (F.) Plantain commun. Family, Plantaginetp. 
 Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The leaves 
 have been said to be refrigerant, attenuant, sub- 
 styptic, and diuretic. 
 
 Plantago Aquatica, Alisma plantago. 
 
 Plantago Cohon'opus, Coronopo'dium, Cornu 
 cervi'num, Stella terra, Plantago, Buchshorn 
 Plantain. Properties like the last. 
 
 Plantago Nitida, P. psyllium. 
 
 Plantago Psyl'lium, P. nit'ida, Psyl'Uum, P. 
 erec'tum, Pulica'ris herba. Crystal 'lion, Cyno- 
 moi'a, Branching Plantain, Fleaicort, (F.) Herbe 
 aux puces commune. The seeds have a nauseous, 
 mucilaginous taste, and no remarkable smell. 
 The decoction of the seeds is recommended in 
 hoarseness and roughness of the fauces. 
 
 Plantago Vulgaris, Plantago. 
 
 PLANTAIN, BRANCHING, Plantago psyl- 
 lium — p. Buckshorn, Plantago coronopus — p. 
 Commun, Plantago — p. d'Enn, Alisma plantago 
 — p. Rattlesnake, Goodyera pubseseens — p. Ro- 
 bin's, Erigeron bellidifolium — p. Tree, Musa pa- 
 radisiaca — p. Water, Alisma plantago, Unisema 
 deltifolia. 
 
 PLANTAIRE, Plantar muscle— j). Grile, 
 Plantar muscle. 
 
 PLANTAR, Planfa'ris, from planta, ' the sole 
 of the foot.' Tliat which relates or belongs to 
 the sole of the foot. This name has been given 
 to several parts. 
 
 Plantar Aponeuro'sis, P./as'cia. A thick, 
 dense, resisting aponeurosis ; of a triangular 
 shape, and superficially situate, which occupies 
 
PLANTARIA 
 
 681 
 
 PLASTIC 
 
 the middle and sides of the sole of the foot, and 
 furnishes insertions to several of the muscles of 
 the region, either directly or through the medium 
 of septa, which it sends between them. 
 
 Plantar Akch, see Plantar arteries. 
 
 Plantar Arteries. These are two in num- 
 ber, and arise from the extremity of the posterior 
 tibial artery. They are distinguished into : — The 
 internal jilantar artery, situate above the abduc- 
 tor poUicis pedis. It extends from the termina- 
 tion of the posterior tibial to the trunk of one of 
 the collaterals of that toe. The external jjlantar 
 artery is larger than the preceding, and ought to 
 be considered as the termination of the posterior 
 or tibial. Situate above the flexor communis di- 
 gitorum pedis, it extends from beneath the calca- 
 neum to the posterior extremity of the last meta- 
 tarsal space. When it has reached this part, it 
 turns from without inwards ; advances towards 
 the posterior extremity of the first metatarsal 
 bone, and anastomoses with the perforating 
 branch of the dorsalis tarsi. In the first part of 
 its course, it furnishes calcaneal, articular, mus- 
 cular, and adipous branches. The second por- 
 tion of the artery is called the Plantar Arch or 
 Cross. It gives branches in all directions. The 
 inferior and posterior have received no name. 
 The superior — three in number — are the j^oste- 
 ri or perforating arteries. The anterior branches 
 are larger, and there are commonly four. They 
 furnish the anterior perforating, and the collate- 
 rals of the last four toes. 
 
 Plantar Cross, see Plantar arteries — p. Fas- 
 cia, P. aponeurosis. 
 
 Plantar Ligaments. A name given to the 
 inferior ligaments, which unite the bones of the 
 tarsus and metatarsus, to distinguish them from 
 the superior, called dorsal. 
 
 Plantar Muscle, Planta'ris, P. grac"ilis, 
 Tibia'lis grac"ilis, Exten'sor tarsi minor, (F.) 
 Plantaire, P. Grele, Jambier grele, Petit femoro- 
 calcanien, (Ch.) A muscle, situate at the poste- 
 rior part of the leg. It is long, thin, and narrow. 
 Above, it is attached to the posterior part of the 
 external condyle of the os femoris : below, it ter- 
 minates by a long tendon, which is attached to 
 the posterior and inner part of the caloaneum. 
 This muscle extends the leg on the foot, and 
 conversely. It can, also, assist in the flexion of 
 the leg on the thigh. 
 
 Plantar Nerves. These are two in number, 
 and are furnished by the termination of the pos- 
 terior tibial nerve. They are distinguished into 
 — 1. The internal p>lantar nerve, which extends 
 from the inferior part of the tibial nerve to both 
 sides of the first three toes, and the inner side of 
 the fourth. It furnishes, also, branches to the 
 abductor of the great toe; to the short flexor of 
 the toes ; to the accessory ; to the short flexor of 
 the great toe, the lumbricales, &c. 2. The exter- 
 nal plantar nerve proceeds from the termination 
 of the posterior tilsial to the posterior extremity 
 of the 5th metatarsal bone, and gives branches to 
 the flexor brevis digitorum pedis, the accessory 
 and the abductor of the little toe. This trunk 
 subsequently divides into two branches ; — the 
 one — profunda — is distributed to the short flexor 
 of the great toe : the interosseus and abductor 
 pollicis pedis : the other — superfioialis — sends 
 filaments to the short flexor of the little toe, the 
 two sides of that too, the outer side of the 4th, 
 ajid the last lumbricalis. 
 
 Plantar Regions or Surfaces are difi^erent 
 regions or surfaces of the sole of the foot. Three 
 are generally reckoned, — the internal, middle, 
 and external. 
 
 Plantar Veins follow a similar arrangement. 
 
 PLANTARIA, Dengue. 
 
 PLANTARIS, Plantar, P. muscle— p. Superfi- 
 cies pedis. Sole — p. Verus, see Flexor longus di- 
 gitorum pedis profundus perforans (aocessorius.) 
 
 PLANTARIUM, Pubes. 
 
 PLANTE DU PIED, Sole. 
 
 PLANTI-SO US-PHALANGIENS, Lumbri- 
 cales pedis — p. Tendino-phalangiens, Lumbricales 
 pedis. 
 
 PLANUM AFONEUROTICUM DIA- 
 PHRAGMATIS. The tendinous expansion of 
 the diaphragm. 
 
 Planum Os, irom planus, 'soft, smooth.' The 
 papyraceous or orbitar plate of the ethmoid bone 
 was formerly so called. 
 
 Planum Pedis, Sole. 
 
 Planum Supe'rius Lingua. The upper sur- 
 face of the tongue. 
 
 PLANU'RIA, from nXavo;, ' wandering, false,* 
 and ovpov, 'urine.' Discharge of urine through 
 unwonted ways. 
 
 PLAQUEBIINIER D' EUROPE, Diospyros 
 lotus. ^ 
 
 PLAQUES GAU FREES, Peyeri glandulae— 
 p. Laiteuses, see Taclies laiteuses. 
 
 PLASMA, Liquor sanguinis. 
 
 PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS, from plasma, the li- 
 quor sanguinis ; e^, 'out of,' and 't&poioi;, 'perspi- 
 ration.' Exudation of the plasma of the blood 
 from the vessels. 
 
 PLASTER, Emplastrum —-p. Adhesive, Em- 
 plastrum resinte, Sparadrapum adhesivum — p. 
 Adhesive, Baynton's, see Emplastrum resinte — p. 
 Adhesive, of pitch and resins, Emplastrum do 
 pice et resinis glutinans — p. Ammoniacum, Em- 
 plastrum ammoniaci — p. Ammoniacum with mer- 
 cury, Emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrargyro — 
 p. Aromatic, Emplastrum aromaticum — p. Asa- 
 foetida, Emplastrum asafcetidas — p. of Belladon- 
 na, Emplastrum belladonnse — p. Blister, Blister 
 — p. Blistering, Emplastrum lytta;— p. of Blister- 
 ing fly, Emplastrum ly ttas — p. Calefacient, Em- 
 plastrum calefaciens — p. of Cantharides, com- 
 pound, Emplastrum lyttae compositum — p. Ce- 
 phalic, Emplastrum picis comp. — p. Corn, Spa- 
 radrapum viride — p. Corn, Kennedy's, Spara- 
 drapum viride — p. Court, English, see Ichtbyo- 
 colla., Sparadrapum adhesivum — p. Cummin, 
 Emplastrum cumini — p. Defensive, Sparadrapum 
 Galteri — p. Diachylon, Emplastrum plumbi — p. 
 Fly, Emplastrum lyttse — p. Frankincense, Em- 
 plastrum thuris — p. Galbanum, Emplastrum gal- 
 bani — p. Galbanum, compound, Emplastrum 
 galbani compositum — p. Gum, Emplastrum gum- 
 mosum — p. of Gum-resins, Emplastrum cuia 
 gummi-resinis — p. Hemlock, Emplastrum cicutfB 
 — p. Iron, Emplastrum ferri — p. Isinglass, see 
 Sparadrapum adhesivum — p. Issue, Sparadra- 
 pum pro fonticulis — p. Lead, Emplastrum plumbi 
 — p. Machine, Sparadrapier — p. Mercurial, Em- 
 plastrum hydrargyri — p. of Mercury, compound, 
 Emplastrum hydrargyri compositum — p. Nurem- 
 berg, Emplastrum Norimbergense — p. Opium, 
 Emplastrum opii — p. Pitch, see Depilatory — p. 
 Pitch, comp., Emplastrum picis compositum — p. 
 Resin, Emplastrum resinae — p. of Red oxide of 
 iron, Emplastrum osidi ferri rubri — p. Soap, 
 Emplastrum saponis — p. of Spanish flies, com- 
 pound, Emplastrum lyttjs compositum — p. Stick- 
 ing, Emplastrum resinas — p. Strengthening, Em- 
 plastrum ferri, Emplastrum oxidi ferri rubri — p. 
 Warm, Emplastrum calefaciens — p. Wax, Em- 
 plastrum cerce. 
 
 PLASTIC, Plas'ticus, Formati'vus, Form' ath-t,, 
 from TrXaaau), ' I form.' That which forms, or 
 serves to form. 
 
 Plastic Element. One which bears witiiin it 
 the germs of a higher form. — Gerber. 
 
PLASTICIMUS 
 
 PLETHORA 
 
 Plastic Force. The generative or formative 
 power in organized bodies. It is also called Ni- 
 sus formati'vua, Vis seu Virtus plax'tica seu for- 
 mati'va, Vis essentia'lis seu reproductiva, Fac'ultas 
 formatrix seu nutrix seu auctrix seu vegctati'va; 
 Bins alterati'vum, Jlotits assimilationis, An'ima 
 v«getati'va, Plasticism'us, Virtus formatrix, Plas- 
 tic"itas, Plastic"ity, Force of Nutrition, F. of 
 assimilation, Force of Form'ation, Force of vege- 
 ta'tion, Puissance du moule interieur (Buffon), 
 Bildungstrieb, Germ force of the Germans. 
 
 Plastic LYMPH,Liquor Sanguinis — p. Surgery, 
 Morioplastiee. 
 
 PLASTICIMUS, Plastic Force. 
 
 PLASTICITAS, Plastic Force. 
 
 PLASTICITY, Plastic Force. 
 
 PLASTILYTIC, Antiplastic. 
 
 PLASTILYTICUM (H^MATOLYTICUM), 
 Spansemic. 
 
 PLATA, Scapula. 
 
 PLATANO, Musa Sapientum. 
 
 PLATANTHE'RA ORBICULA'TA, Large 
 round-leaved Orchis ; indigenous. Order Orchid- 
 acese ; flowering in July. The leaves are large, 
 soft and fleshy, and are used, in certain places, for 
 dressing blisters. 
 
 PLATANUS, Musa paradisiaca. 
 
 PLATEA, Bothriocephalus latus. 
 
 PLATES, MANSFORD'S, see Galvanism. 
 
 PLATIAS'MUS, from fAotus, 'broad.' Ex- 
 cessive development of the lips, causing the arti- 
 culation to be imperfect. 
 
 PLATINA, Platinum. 
 
 PLAT'INUM, Plat'ina, from (S.) plata, 'sil- 
 ver.' The preparations of platinum resemble in 
 their therapeutical properties those of gold. The 
 Eichlo'ride, Plat'ini Bichlo'ridum, made by dis- 
 solving jiiatinum in aqua regia. and the Doitble 
 Chloride of Platinum and Sodiom, So'dii chlo- 
 roplat'inas, C hloroplat'inate of So'dium, prepared 
 by dissolving bichloride of 2^iatinum and pure 
 chloride of sodium, in proper proportions, in water, 
 evaporating and crystallizing, — are the prepara- 
 tions used. They are not much prescribed. 
 
 PLATULA, see Pediculus. 
 
 PLATYBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
 
 PLATYCORIA, Mydriasis. 
 
 PLATYCORIASIS, Platyeoria. 
 
 PLATYNO'SIS, from ir^arvs, 'broad.' Ampli- 
 Jlca'tio. Morbid extension of parts. 
 
 PLATYOPHTHALMON, Antimonium. 
 
 PLATYPOLIA, see Kyllosis. 
 
 PLATYPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 PLATYS'MA, from rrXarvg, ' broad.' Any thing 
 broadly extended. A spread plaster. 
 
 Platys'ma MvoiDES, P. Myo'des, Mus'eulus 
 cuta'neus, M. suhcuta'neus (Winslow), Quadra'tus 
 gence vel latis'simus colli, Expan'sio musculo' sa, 
 Tetrago'nus, Stomoman'icon, (F.) Thoraco-maxillo 
 facial, Thoracofacial (Ch.), Peaucier. A mus- 
 cle situate superficially on the lateral parts of 
 the neck. It is flat, broad, and quadrilateral. Its 
 fibres, which are all parallel to each other, pass 
 obliquely downwards, and from without inwards. 
 They arise from the areolar tissue, which covers 
 the anterior and superior part of the chest; pass 
 before the clavicle, and proceed to attach them- 
 selves at the interior part of the symphysis menti, 
 at the external oblique line of the jaw, and at the 
 commissure of the lips. The fibres of this last 
 insertion form a distinct fasciculus, called by some 
 anatomists Mus'eulus Biso'rius Santori'ni. The 
 platysma myoides depresses the commissure of 
 the lips, and carries it outwards. It contributes, 
 also, to the depression of the lower jaw. When 
 It contracts, it wrinkles the skin of the neck 
 transversely. 
 
 PLATYSTER'NOS, from TrXarus, 'broad,' and 
 oTfpj/ov, 'the sternum.' One who has a broad 
 well developed chest. — D. Pechlin. 
 
 PLATYS'TOMUS; from -nXarvs, 'broad,' and 
 crTo/xa, ' mouth.' One who has a broad mouth. 
 
 PLAUTUS, Leiopus. 
 
 PLECHAS, Perinx'um. 
 
 PLECTAN^, Cornua uteri. 
 
 PLEC'TANE, Plica, Pleijmo, Plexus. A fold; 
 a plexus. Also, a eornu of the uterus. 
 
 PLECTRUM. The styloid process of the 
 temporal bone. Also, the uvula, and the tongue. 
 — Castelli. 
 
 PLEDGET, (D.) Plagghe, Plumace'olua, 
 Lintea'men, Plag'ula, (F.) Pluniaceau, Plumaa- 
 seau. A small compress or gateau of lint — (the 
 filaments arranged parallel to each other) — flat- 
 tened between the hands after the extremities 
 have been cut ofi^ or folded down. It is applied 
 over wounds, ulcers, &c., to preserve them from 
 the contact of the air, to retain dressings in situ, 
 and to absorb the discharges. 
 
 PLEGE, Blow, Ictus. 
 
 PLEGMA, Plectane, Plexus. 
 
 PLEGOMETER, Pleximeter. 
 
 PLETN, (F.) 'Full.' The middle part of a roUer. 
 
 PLEIOMASTHUS, Polymasthus. 
 
 PLEIOMAZIA, see Polymasthus. 
 
 PLENA MULIER, Pregnant. 
 
 PLENITUDE, Fulness. 
 
 PLENITUDO, Plethora. 
 
 PLENCK'S DEPILATORY, see Depilatory, 
 Colley's. 
 
 PLEONEC'TICA ATHYM'IA seu MELAN- 
 CHO'LIA. A form of insanity characterized by 
 a desire for gain or by covetousness. 
 
 PLEONEC'TICUS, from tiXlov, 'more,' and 
 tx^iv, ' to have.' Covetous. Desirous to acquire : 
 hence mania pleonectica. 
 
 PLERO'SIS, from T:\vpvs, ' full ;' also Peple'. 
 tio, Jiefec'tio, Reple'tion. Restoration of flesh 
 after sickness. Plethora. 
 
 PLEROTICUS, Incarnans. 
 
 PLES'MONE, Plenitu'do, Sati'etas, Sati'ety, 
 Intemperance. A condition the opposite to that 
 of hunger. 
 
 PLESBER, Plexor. 
 
 PLESSIMETER, Pleximeter. 
 
 PLETHOMER'IA, from n\r,eoi, 'many,' and 
 inpog, 'a part.' Superabvtndance of parts, as in 
 the case of six fingers to one hand. 
 
 PLETIIO'RA, from xA>;5«, ' I fill.' Polya'mia, 
 Polyhyperha'mia, Panhyperm'mia, Polychym'ia 
 sanguin'ea, Angeioplero'sis, Aiigioplero'sis, Ery- 
 thrcs'mia, Erythro'sis, Hcematopletho'ra, Hcemn- 
 pletjio'ra, Plenitu'do, 3Iultitu'do, Pednndan'iia, 
 Reple'tio, En'chyma, Comple'tio, Pleth'ory, Re- 
 ple'tion, San'guineness, Fulness, (F.) Abondance, 
 Redondance. The word plethora, which means 
 repletion, Plero'sis, expresses a superabundance 
 of blood in the system, or in some part of it : — 
 hence the division of plethora into general and 
 local; the latter being called, according to its 
 seat, cerebral, pulmonary, uterine, &c. The prin- 
 cipal symptoms of plethora exist in the circula- 
 tory system ; such as redness of the surface, 
 swelling of the veins, increase in the fulness of 
 the pulse, in the strength of the heart's pulsa- 
 tions, &c., with spontaneous hemorrhages occa^ 
 sionally. AVith these are usually united general 
 heaviness, torpor, lassitude, vertigo, tinnit\is au- 
 rium, flushes of heat, &c. The blood of pletiioric 
 persons differs from health}' blood in'the smaller 
 ratio of water which it contains, and especially 
 in the augmentation of the red corpuscles. 
 
 The tendency to plethora, or its actual exist- 
 ence, must be obviated by purgatives, proper diet, 
 
PLETHORIC 
 
 683 
 
 PLEURITIS 
 
 exercise, Ac; and, if tlie danger from it be press- 
 ing, by blood-letting. This is, however, a doubt- 
 ful remedy for general plethora, as it increases 
 hasmatosis. 
 
 Plethora, Local, Hyperssmia. 
 
 PLETHOR'IC, Pletho'riciio, Pohja'-nuc, Po- 
 lycB'micus, Sanguine, Sctnyuineoiis, (F.) Pletho- 
 rique. Same etymon. Full of blood. Relating 
 to or affected -with plethora. 
 
 PLETHORICUS, Plethoric. 
 
 PLETHORY, Plethora. 
 
 PLETHOS, Satiety. 
 
 PLEUMON, Pulmo. 
 
 PLEUMONIA, Pneumonia. 
 
 PLEURA, Fleurum, Pleuro'ma, 'the side, a 
 rib.' Memhra' na plettrit'icn succin' gens seu cas- 
 tas suecin'gens, Memhra'na seu Tu'nica costalis 
 seu suhcoata'lis, Hypopleu'rios, (F.) Plevre ou 
 Pleure. The pleurae are two thin, diaphanous, 
 perspirable membranes, which line each side of 
 the chest, and are reflected thence upon each 
 lung. Like all serous membranes — to which 
 class they belong — each represents a sac without 
 aperture. From the junction of the pleura of 
 each side the mediastina are formed. That por- 
 tion of the pleura which lines the parietes of the 
 chest is called Pleura Costa' lis ; the portion that 
 covers the lungs. Pleura Pulmona'lis. The arte- 
 ries of the pleuraB are from the the intercostals, 
 internal mammaries, phrenic, inferior thyroid, 
 &c. The veins correspond with the arteries. 
 They are, also, supplied with lymphatics, but 
 nerves are not traceable in them. 
 
 Pleura is also used for Cavity of the Pleura, 
 Saccus PleiircB. 
 
 PLEURA. The sides of the chest. 
 
 PLEURAL, Pleura'lis, Pleu'ricus, Pleu'rites. 
 That which concerns the pleura; — as a pleural 
 fistula ; — pleural cavity, pleural hemorrhage, &c. 
 
 PLEURALGIA, Pleurodvne. 
 
 PLEURAPOPHYSES. Costfe verse, see Costa. 
 
 PLEURAPOSTExMA, Empyema. 
 
 PLEURARTHROC'ACE, from T:\evpa, 'a rib,' 
 apO^ov, 'a joint,' and Ka<os, 'bad.' Caries of the 
 ribs. 
 
 PLEURE, Pleura. 
 
 PLEURESIA, Pleuritis. 
 
 PLEURESTE, Pleurisy. 
 
 PLEURESIS, Pleuritis. 
 
 PLEURE TIQ UE, Pleuritic. 
 
 PLEURICUS, Pleural.. 
 
 PLEURIS, Pleuritis. 
 
 PLEURISY, Pleuritis. 
 
 Pleorisy, Bilious, Pleuri'tis hilio'sa. Pleu- 
 risy accompanied with bilious symptoms; — the 
 effect of duodenitis or duodeno-hepatitis. 
 
 Pleurisy, False, Pleurodynia. 
 
 Pleurisy, Head. A ridiculous term, occa- 
 sionally used by the vulgar, in the Southern 
 States especially, for bilious pneumonia before 
 the pneumonitic phenomena are developed, and 
 •whilst the head is prominently aifected. 
 
 Pleurisy, Hemorrhagic, Hasmatothorax — 
 p. Rheumatic, Pleurodynia — p. Root, Asclepias 
 tuberosa. 
 
 Pleurisy, Typhoid, Pleuri'tis typTioVdea seu 
 typho'des seu typho'sa. Pleurisy accompanied 
 by adynamic symptoms. 
 
 PLEURITES, Pleural. 
 
 PLEURIT'IC, Pleurit'icus, Pleurit'ieal, (F.) 
 Pleuretique; same QiyvaoTi a.s pleuritis. Relating 
 or appertaining to pleuritis — as 'pleuritic pain.' 
 
 PLEURI'TIS, from wUvpa, 'the pleura;' 3Tor- 
 hua latera'lis, M. pleurit'icus, M. Gosta'lis, Em- 
 pres'ma Pleuritis, Pleuris, Pleure' sis, Pleure' sia, 
 Pleuritis eosta'lis seu vera, Pleurit'iea Fehris, 
 Cauma Pleuri'tis, Passio pleurit'iea, Injiamma' tio 
 Pleura, Pleurisy, Injiamma' tion of the Pleura, 
 
 (F.) Pleuresie, Fievre pleuretique, LiJJammation 
 de la Plecre, may be acute or chronic. Perhap.a 
 the most violent of all internal inflammations is 
 the active form; known by acute, lancinating 
 pain in one side of the chest, increased by inspi- 
 ration, by coughing, and often by pressure; dys- 
 pnoea, the inspirations short and frequent ; cough 
 dry, or with little expectoration; and difiiculty 
 of lying on the afi'eeted side. Symptoms, attend- 
 ing the phlegraasise in general, strongl}' marked. 
 
 Physical Signs. There is seldom any percep- 
 tible alteration in the exterior of the chest. When 
 effusion has t.aken place to a great extent, the 
 signs will be similar to those of chronic pleurisy. 
 The motion of the affected side is diminished, 
 and the vibrations of the voice cannot be detected 
 by the hand. There is more or les.s dulness of 
 sound on percussion, the dulness diminishing or 
 disappearing by change of position. On auscul- 
 tation, the inspiration is feeble, distant, or inau- 
 dible ; but change of position modifies it. Ego- 
 phony is usually present, when the effusion is in 
 moderate quantity, and is best heard over a por- 
 tion of the thoracic parietes, represented by a 
 band of three inches, running from below the 
 inferior margins of the scapula in the direction 
 of the ribs to the sternum. Simple pleurisy 
 rarely attacks both sides at once : when such is 
 the case, the presence of tubercles may be sus- 
 pected. 
 
 Formerly, a trxie pleurisy meant one seated in 
 the pleura: a mediastinal pleurisy, one situated 
 in the anterior mediastinum ; and false pleurisy 
 or rheumatismal pleurisy, that which occupies the 
 intercostal muscles. The last has received the 
 name Pleurodyn'ia ; that of pleurisy being ex- 
 clusively appropriated to inflammation of the 
 pleura. Pleurisy has also been distinguished intt, 
 dry and humid, according as it is or is not accom- 
 panied by expectoration. Humid or moist pleurisy 
 is now properly regarded as a complication of 
 pleurisy with pulmonary catarrh. It is the catar'- 
 rhal pleurisy of some. The majority of the spe- 
 cies of pleurisy, admitted by Sauvages, consist 
 of complications. 
 
 The causes of pleurisy are like those of other 
 internal inflammations. It may terminate by 
 resolution, effusion, or suppuration. 
 
 Chronic Pleurisy, which has been particu- 
 larly described by Bayle, Broussais, and Laeu- 
 nec, most commonly terminates by a serous or 
 purulent effusion, which sometimes simulates 
 hydrothorax; at others, phthisis pulmonalis. It 
 may form slowly, without evident symptoms; or 
 it may succeed acute pleurisy. In the former 
 case, vague pains are felt in the chest, with small, 
 dry cough, oppression at intervals, shivering, 
 irregular febrile symptoms, and hardness of pulse. 
 
 Physical Signs. The affected side is smoother, 
 more rounded and motionless; the intercostal 
 spaces are dilated and filled up, or may even 
 protrude slightly. In very chronic cases, how- 
 ever, the affected side may be smaller. The tri- 
 angulur space above the clavicle and the depres- 
 sion immediately above the sternum are often 
 drawn downwards on the diseased side. No vi- 
 bration is experienced by the hand when the 
 patient speaks. The parietes of the thorax are 
 sometimes oedematous, and fluctuation may be 
 occasionally felt between the ribs. On percus- 
 sion the sound is dull, or if clear, onlj' so in the 
 upper portions of the chest. On auscultation, 
 there is an absence of the usual sounds over the 
 affected parts, excepting occasionally transmitted 
 sounds. There are no physical signs that can 
 enable us to know whether pus or serum is effused 
 into the chest. The introduction of a grooved 
 needle through the intercostal space, as reflom. 
 
PLEUROCELE 
 
 684 
 
 PLEXUS 
 
 ntbnded by Dr. Thomas Davies, would of course 
 settle the question. 
 
 On dissection of those who have died of pleu- 
 risy, the pleura is found thickened, red, inflamed, 
 and covered with membranous exudations or 
 false membranes. Sometimes it seems cartilagi- 
 nous and ossified. Its cavity frequently contains 
 serous or sero-purulent effusions. 
 
 The acute form of the disease requires the most 
 active treatment. General blood-letting, to such 
 an extent as to make a very decided impression 
 on the system, and repeated if necessary. This 
 is the most important agent. After the violence 
 of the disease has been got over, counter-irritants 
 will be found highly beneficial ; as well as when 
 it has passed into the chronic state. The cough 
 may be relieved by demulcents. 
 
 Sauvages has given the name Pleuri'tis Ven- 
 To'SA, and Pringle that of Pleurodyn'ia Ven- 
 To'sA, to a pain behind the false ribs, attributed 
 to the presence of air in the intestines. 
 
 PLEUPaTis Bronchialis, Bronchitis — p. Cos- 
 talis, Pleuritis — p. Diaphragmatica, Diaphrag- 
 mitis — p. Humida, Bronchitis — p. Muscularis, 
 Pleurodynia — p. Notha, Pleurodynia — p. Peri- 
 cardii, Pericarditis — p. Pulmonis, Pleuropneu- 
 monia — p. Rheumatica, Pleurodynia — p. Spuria, 
 Pleurodynia — p. Spuria simulata, Pleurodynia — 
 p. Typhoides, see Pleuritis, (biliosa) — p. Vera, 
 Pleuritis. 
 
 PLEUROCE'LE, from TrXeupa, 'the pleura,' 
 and K>;X;;, 'a tumour.' Hernia of the pleura, 
 Hernia pJeu'rica et pulmona'lis. This name, 
 employed by Sagar, is inaccurate, as the pleura 
 never protrudes alone. It only forms a hernia, 
 when it serves as an envelope to the lung, to tu- 
 mours, or to purulent collections, which have 
 protruded from the thoracic parietes. 
 
 PLBUROCOLLE'SIS, from T:\evpa, 'the pleu- 
 ra,' and KoWaw, ' I glue.' An adhesion between 
 the pleura costalis and pleura pulmonalis. 
 PLEURODYNE, Pleurodynia. 
 PLEURODYN'IA, Pleural'gia, Pseudo-pleu- 
 ri'tis, Psexido-pleurisy, Plenrod'yne, Autal'gia 
 doloro'sa, A stitch, Pain in the side, Stitch in the 
 side, Parapleuri'tis ; Stethorrheu'ma, Rheumatis'- 
 mtis 2}ec'toris, Pleuri'tis rheumat'ica, P. muscida'- 
 ris, P. spin'ria, False Pleurisy, Eheumat'ic or 
 rheumatis'mal pleurisy, Pleuri'tis notha seu spu'- 
 ria seu spu'ria simula'ta, Pneumo'nia exter'na, 
 Lagonop' onos, Thoraeod'yne, Dolor Pec'toris ex- 
 ter'nus, (F.) Point de cote, Douleur de c6te ; from 
 n-Xetipa, 'the side or pleura,' and oivvn, 'pain.' A 
 SYjasmodic or rheumatic affection, generally seated 
 in the muscles of the chest, and, ordinarily, in 
 the intercostals. It is usually augmented by 
 outward pressure, inspiration, coughing, exer- 
 tion, moving the thorax, and sometimes even the 
 corresponding arm. It is unaccompanied by 
 fever, cough, or dyspncea, excepting under the 
 form of a stitch, when dyspnoea exists. It is, 
 generally, by no means obstinate, and yields 
 promptly to warm applications and to cupping 
 or leeches. If it still resist, a blister will, almost 
 always, remove it. 
 
 Pleurodynia Ventosa, Pleuritis ventosa. 
 PLEUROMA, Costa, Pleura. 
 PLEUROPATIII'A, from TrXcupa, 'the pleura,' 
 and TTiidos, ' a disease.' A disease of the pleura. 
 
 PLEUROPERIPNEU'MONY, Pleuroperi- 
 pueumo'nia, Plenrojyneiimo'nia, Pneumonopleure' - 
 «r«, Pnenmonopleuri'tis, Pleuritis pidmo'nis, Pneu- 
 mo'nia pleuritis. Inflammation occupying the 
 oleura and the lung at the same time. Pleurisy 
 and peripneumony existing simultaneously. Phy- 
 sical signs. A dull sound is yielded by percus- 
 sion for a variable extent over the more depen- 
 
 dent portions of the affected side. The loss of 
 sound is partially modified by change of position. 
 The respiratory murmur on auscultation is very 
 feeble or absent inferiorly ; higher up, the crepi- 
 tation or bronchial respiration of pneumonia may 
 be detected ; round the root of the lung, and near 
 the inferior angle of the scapula, egophony is 
 generally present. There is seldom much en- 
 largement of the affected side, or displacement 
 of the adjacent organs, as in the case of simple 
 chronic pleurisy. 
 
 PLEUROPNEUMA, Pneumathorax. 
 PLEUROPNEUMONIA, Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PLEUROPNEUMONITIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PLEUROPYESIS, Empyema. 
 PLEURORRHCE'A, from TrXtupa, 'the side,' 
 and pc(o, ' I flow.' Accumulation of fluid in the 
 pleura. 
 
 Pleuorrhcea Chtlosa, Chylothorax — p.Lym- 
 phatica, Hydrothorax — p. Purulenta, Empyema 
 — p. Sanguinea, Haematothorax — p. Serosa, Hy- 
 drothorax. 
 
 PLEURORTHOPNCE'A, from T:\Evpa, 'the 
 side,' opSoi, ' erect,' and ttvew, ' I respire.' Pain 
 of the side, which does not permit the patient to 
 breathe, except when in the vertical position. 
 
 PLEUROSO'MUS, from nXivpa, 'side,' and 
 (T(uiia, 'body.' A malformation in which the fis- 
 sure is somewhat lateral, with eventration ex- 
 tending chiefly upon the upper part of the abdo- 
 men and upon the chest; the upper extremity 
 of the fissured side being more or less atrophied. 
 — Vogel. 
 
 PLEUROSTO'SIS, from nXcvpa, 'the pleura,' 
 and oareov, 'a bone.' Ossification of the pleura, 
 or in the cavity of the pleura. Osieopleu'ria. 
 PLEUROTETANUS, Pleurothotonos. 
 PLEUROTHOT'ONOS, Pleurot'onos, Pleuro- 
 tet'anus. Tetanus latera'lis, from nXevpoSev, 'late- 
 rally,' and Tovos, 'tension.' A variety of tetanus, 
 in which the body is curved laterally by the 
 stronger contraction of the muscles of one side 
 of the body. 
 
 PLEUROTONOS, Pleurothotonos, 
 PLEURUM, Costa, Pleura. 
 PLEVRE, Pleura. 
 
 PLEXIM'ETER, Plexom'eter, Plegom'eter, 
 Plessim'eter, from TrXj/o-o-u, ' I strike,' and pcrpov, 
 'measure,' 'a measure of percussion.' An ivory 
 plate of a circular or ovoid shape, from an inch 
 and a half to two inches in diameter, and about 
 one-sixth of an inch in thickness. It has either 
 a raised rim or edge, or projecting handles on its 
 upper side, to permit its being held between the 
 finger and thumb of the left hand, whilst it is 
 struck with the right. It is used in percussion 
 of the chest. A piece of metal, a coin, or the 
 finger of the left hand may be used with equal 
 advantage. — See Percussion, mediate. 
 PLEXOMETER, Pleximeter. 
 PLEXOR, from ttXt/cto-u, 'I strike.' Plewrr, 
 Any instrument employed in percussion. Tho 
 ends of the fingers of the right hand brought to- 
 gether arc the best plexor ; as the finger of the 
 left is, perhaps, the hest pleximeter. 
 
 PLEXUS, Plegma, Plec'tane, Plane, Rete, from 
 plccto, 'I interl.Tce,' 'I entwine.' (F.) Lncis, A 
 network of blood vessels or of nerves. The nerv- 
 ous plexuses, Iniplicatio'nes retivnla'res seu Tex- 
 tus nervorum belong — some to the system of en- 
 cephalic nerves — others to that of the great sym- 
 pathetic ; whilst some, as the pharyngeal, seem 
 to be formed of the two sets. The plexuses re- 
 pro«ent complex networks, with more or less 
 
PLICA 
 
 6S5 
 
 PLUMBI 
 
 loose meshes, formed by the numerous and diver- 
 sified anastomoses of the nervous filaments ; from 
 which proceed other branches, that are distri- 
 buted to organs, or to other plexuses. 
 
 Plexus, Cardiac, Cardiac plexus — p. Carotid, 
 see Carotid nerve — p. Choroides, see Choroid — 
 p. Ciliaris, Ciliary ligament — p. C'(r??'ag'?(e,Coeliae 
 plexus — p. Coronarius ventriculi. Gastric plexus 
 — p. Coronary, see Cardiac plexus, and Coronary 
 plexus — p. Gangliformis semilunaris, Coeliac 
 plexus — p. Ganglioformes, Ganglions, nervous — 
 p. Glandiformes, Ganglions, nervous — p. Glandu- 
 losi Peyeri, Peyeri glandulae — p. Hederaeeus, 
 Corpus pampiniforme — p. Hepaticus, Hepatic 
 l)lexus — p. Infra-thyroideal, see Thyroideal veins 
 — p. Lomho-uhdominal, Lumbar plexus — p. Me- 
 dian, Coelic plexus — p. Mesenterii proprius et 
 maximus, Cceliac plexus — p. Nervorum anseri- 
 nus. Facial nerve — p. Opistor/astriqve, Coeliac 
 plexus — p. Pampiniformis, Corpus pampiniforme 
 — p. Pharyngeal, see Pharyngeal nerve — p. Pneu- 
 mogastricus, see Pneumogastric nerves — p. Reti- 
 formis, Corpus cavcrnosum vaginae — p. Reticula- 
 ris, Bulbus vestibuli, Choroides plexus — p. Solar, 
 Coeliac plexus — p. Sous-mesenleriqne, Hypogas- 
 tric plexus — p. Testiculaire, Spermatic plexus — 
 l>. Trachelo-soiis-outane, Cervical plexus — p.Vas- 
 culosus funiculi spermatid pampiniformis, Cor- 
 l)us pampiniforme. 
 
 PLICA, from plicari, *to be knit together.' 
 Tn'cho'sis plica, Trieho'ma, TriccB, T. Incuborum, 
 T, Scrofo' rum, Plica Poloiiiea, P. Polon'ica Ju- 
 da'ica, P. Cachec'tica, P. Saxon'iea, Affec'tio 
 Sarmat'ica, Matted hair, Plaited hair, Trichom'- 
 atose hair, Lues Sarmat'ica, L. Polon'ica, L. Tri- 
 chomat'ica, Helo'sis, Helo'tis, Cir'ragra, Cir'rha- 
 gra, C. Polono'rum, Eejjhy'ma trieho'ma, Morbus 
 Cirrho' rum, Plica caput Medu'ecB, Plica longi- 
 cau'da latera'lis. Coma Ccesa'rea, Kolto, Rhopa- 
 lo'ais, Plica'tio, Plicatu'ra, (F.) Plique, P. Polo- 
 naise. A disease endemic in Poland, Lithuania, 
 and other parts of Northern Europe ; so called 
 on account of its being characterized by inter- 
 lacing, twisting, and agglutination or matting of 
 the hair. By some it has been regarded as a 
 disease ; by others, as the want of attention to 
 cleanliness. However this may be, it generally 
 appears upon the hair of the head, but sometimes 
 in that of other parts, as the beard, the hair on 
 the axilla, pubes, &c. Alibert admits three spe- 
 cies of plica. 1. Plica ratdtiform'is or Plica 
 caput Jledu'scB, in which the hairs are mixed and 
 agglutinated in greater or less masses ; and this 
 lias been again subdivided into two varieties, ac- 
 cording as the meshes are almost straight (P. 0. 
 M. lacinia'ta, (F.) Plique en laniires) or much 
 twisted (F.) P. en vrilles.) 2. Plica longi- 
 cau'da, (F.) Plique solitaire ou & queue; when 
 the hair is united into a single long mass, and 
 3. Plica ccspito'sa, (F.) Plique en masse, in 
 v,rhich the hairs are matted into one large, shape- 
 less mass. Pinel places this disease amongst 
 the Cutaneous phlegmasia ; but it is far from de- 
 monstrated, that it is the result of inflammation 
 of the skin. Certain it is, however, that the 
 tangling of the hair is sj'raptomatic of an affec- 
 tion — sui generis — of the dermoid system. The 
 idea that it is entirely owing to want of cleanliness, 
 a.3 has been conceived by some, is not tenable. 
 
 Plica. Plectane — p. Cacheotica, Plica — p. 
 Caput Medusas, Plica — p. Longicauda lateralis. 
 Plica — p. Lunata, Valvula semilunaris — p. Po- 
 lonica Judaica, Plica — p. Saxonica, Plica — p. 
 Semilunaris, Valvula semilunaris. 
 
 PLICATIO, Plica. 
 
 PLICATURA, Plica. 
 
 PLICATUR^ CEREBRI, Gyri cerebri. 
 
 PLICIIOS, PerincEum. 
 
 PLIN'THIUM, -Xtv^iov. A machine invented 
 by one Nileus, which was formerly employed in 
 the reduction of fractures and luxations. Scul- 
 tetus describes it in his Armamentarium Chirur- 
 gicum. 
 
 PLIQ UE, Plica— p. Polonaise, Plica. 
 
 PLOCARIA CANDIDA, Fucus amylaceus. 
 
 PLOMB, Plumbum. 
 
 PLOMB, (F.) The sulphuretted gas disen- 
 gaged from privies, which proves fatal at times 
 to the nightmen, (F.) Vidangeurs, engaged in 
 emptying them. ^ 
 
 PLOMB, ACETATE ACIDE BE, Plumbi 
 superacetas — p. Blanc, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. 
 Blanc de, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Carbonate de, 
 Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Chlorure de, Plumbi 
 chloridum — p. lodure de, Plumbi iodidum — 2'- 
 Nitrate de, Plumbi nitras — p. Oxide de, fondu, 
 Plumbi oxydum semivitreum — p. Oxide rouge de, 
 Plumbi oxydum rubrum — p. Oxide semi-vitreiix 
 de, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 PL03IBAGINE, Graphites. 
 
 PLOMBIERES, MINERAL "WATERS OF, 
 Fontes medica'ti Plumba'rli, ThermcE Plumbariae. 
 Plombieres is a town in the department of the 
 Vosges, 17 leagues from Nancy, and two from 
 Remiremont., Here are several sources of ther- 
 mal water. That which is called Saponaceous 
 (F.) Savonneuse, is formed of the subearbonate 
 and sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, silica, 
 carbonate of lime, and much vegeto-animal mat- 
 ter. This last component, when held in solution 
 by means of the subearbonate of soda, gives to 
 the water an unctuous character. This is the 
 origin of its name. The waters of Plombieres 
 are employed as solvents in engorgements of the 
 abdominal viscera, and as alteratives in chronic 
 diseases of the skin. 
 
 PLORATIO, Lachrymatio. 
 
 PLORATUS, Lachrymatio. 
 
 PLOTUS, Leiopus. 
 
 PLUGGING (Sw.) Plugg, (F.) Tamponnement. 
 The act of stopping a hole. The introduction of 
 a plug of lint or rag into a wound or natural ca- 
 vity — as the uterus or vagina — to arrest hemor- 
 rhage ; or of some substance into a carious tooth 
 to prevent toothache. 
 
 PLUM, Prunum, Prunus dompstica — p. Assy- 
 rian, Sebestina. 
 
 PLUMA, Lanugo. 
 
 PLU3IACEAU, Pledget. 
 
 PLUMACEOLUS, Pad, Pledget 
 
 PLUMASSEAU, Pledget. 
 
 PLUMBAGO, Graphites, Persicaria, 
 
 Plumb a'go Europ^'a, P. lapathifo'lia sen «n- 
 dula'ta, Denta'ria, Crepancl'la, Squama'ria, Den- 
 iela'ria, Leadwort, (F.) Dentelaire, Herbe au 
 Cancer. Famihj, PlumbagincEe. Sex. Si/sf. Pen- 
 tandria Monogynia. The root was formerly 
 much esteemed as a cure for the toothache, like the 
 Pel'litory of Spain, which is also called Dcntaria. 
 
 PLUMBI ACETAS, p. superacetas— p. Acetas 
 dilutum alcoholicum. Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
 dilutus — p. Acidulus siccus, Plumbi superacetas 
 — p. Carbonas, P. Subcarbonas. 
 
 Plumbi Chlo'ridum, Chloride of Lead, (F.) 
 Chlorure de Plomb. This salt of lead has been 
 used in the form of lotion and ointment in can- 
 cerous ulcerations. 
 
 Plumbi Deutoxyduji Rubrum, P. oxydum 
 rubrum — p. Hydriodas, P. Iodidum — p. lodhy- 
 dras, P. Iodidum. 
 
 Plumbi Iod'idum, Plumbi lodure'tum, seu lit/- 
 dri'odas seu HydroVodas scu lodhydras, Plnm~ 
 bum ioda'tum seu Rydroiod'icum, Todide or lod'- 
 uret of Lead, (F.) lodure de Plomb, lodura 
 plombiqv.e. This salt is formed by the double 
 decomposition of iodide of potassium and r,itrt.t« 
 
PLUMBI 
 
 686 
 
 PNEUMATICA 
 
 «/ lead. It is used in scrofulous affections intern- 
 ally and externally. Dose, three or four or more 
 grains. It is officinal in the Pharmacopoeia U. S. 
 for 1851. 
 
 Plumbi Ioduretum, p. lodidum. 
 
 Pltjmbi Nitras, Plumbum ni'tricum, Nitras 
 plumb'icwi, Nitrum saturni'num, Nitrate of lead, 
 (F.) Nitrate de Plomh. A salt formed by the 
 action of dAluted nitric acid on litharge. Nitrate 
 of lead has the same medical action as the other 
 soluble salts of lead, and is a valuable antibromie. 
 It has been used, also, as an excitant antiseptic 
 to wounds, ulcers, &o., and is the basis of Le- 
 doyen's disinfecting liquid. 
 
 Plumbi Nitrosac'oharas, Nitrosac' charate of 
 lead. {Sacckar. p. j ; Acid, nitric, p. ij ; AqtiCB 
 p. X.) Beat together in a porcelain dish as long 
 as chemical action continues : dilute the liquor 
 with water, neutralize with chalk, and to the fil- 
 tered solution add acetate of lead so long as a 
 precipitate is formed. Collect, wash, and dry 
 the precipitR,te, which is saccharate of lead. Dis- 
 solve in dilute nitric acid, (one part acid to 
 nineteen of water,) filter and evaporate to form 
 crystals, which are transparent, of an amber 
 colour, and in regular hexagonal plates or prisms. 
 
 Advised as a solvent of phosphatic calculi. 
 
 Pltjmbi Oxydum Album, Plumbi subcarbonas 
 ■ — p. Oxydum carbonatum per acidum acetosum, 
 Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Oxydum fusum, PL 
 oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 Plumbi Oxybum Rubrum, Min'ium, Miltun, 
 Dexitox'ydiim plumbi ricbrum, Superox'ydum Plum- 
 bo'gum, Plumbum oxyda'tum rubrum, Sandix, San- 
 dy x. Red lead, (F.) Oxide de plomb rouge. It is 
 sometimes used to kill vermin. 
 
 Plumbi Ox'ydum Semivit'reum. Lithar'gyms, 
 Lithargyrum, Lithargyr'ium, Oxydum plumbi fu- 
 sum, Spjuma argent'i, Senii-vit' rified oxyd of lead 
 or litharge, Calciteo'sa, Cath'mia, (P.) Oxide de 
 plomb fondu, Oxide de plomb semivitrezix, (a yel- 
 low protoxyd of lead, prepared by heat, com- 
 bined with carbonic acid.) It occurs in scales 
 of a whitish-red colour, and semi-vitrified. It is 
 employed for pharmaceutical purposes, as in the 
 Liquor plumbi aeetatis, Emplastrum ptlumbi, &c. 
 Formerly, the Litharge of gold, Chrysi'tin, Mas'- 
 eicot, and Litharge nf silver, Almariab, were dis- 
 tinguished in 'commerce. These were merely 
 ordinary litharge, resembling gold or silver in 
 colour. 
 
 Plumbi Subcar'boi^as, Car'bonaa phmbt, 
 Plumbi Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Plumbum carboni- 
 eum, Magiste'rium plumbi, Oxydum 2}lumbi album, 
 Cerussa, JEru'go plumbi, Psimmyfh' ion, Psym'- 
 mython, Simmitium, Flake tvhite, Blanco, Gersa, 
 If'fides, Snbcar'bonate of lend, Cerusse, White 
 lead, (F.) Carbonate de plomb, Blanc de plomb, 
 Plomb blanc, (prepared by exposing spiral rolls 
 of lead to the fumes of vinegar, in vessels placed 
 in dung.) It is inodorous ; has a sweet taste ; is 
 brittle; friable: snow white, and of a minute, 
 scaly texture. It is astringent and sedative, and 
 is sprinkled on parts affected with local inflam- 
 mation, or to prevent chafing in children. It is 
 also used in the formation of ointments and 
 plasters. 
 
 Plumbi SuPERACB'TAS,Cer!(s'«aoce<a76f,/'ZjtOT&? 
 ucid'uius siccus, Plumbi ace'tas (Ph. U. S.), Sal 
 vol sac'charum Satur'ni, S>ipe7'ac"etate of lead, 
 Plumbum ace'ticum., Dulce'do Satur'ni, Acetas 
 plum'bicum cry stallisa' turn, Sal plumbi. Sugar of 
 lead, Protoac" etate of lead, (F.) Acetate acide de 
 plomb, Sel ou sucre de Salurne. (Plumb, carb. 
 %], Acid acetic, cong. IJ. Boil the lead with 
 ttie acid till it is saturated; then strain through 
 paper, and e\aporate to a pellicle, that crystals 
 may l>e formed. Wash tlie crystals and dry on 
 
 blotting-paper. Ph. L.) The acetate of lead has 
 a sweet, styptic taste; a very white colour, and 
 silky lustre. It is astringent; and, in loeak solu- 
 tion, cooling and sedative; in strong, stimulant. 
 It is given internally, in visceral and other he- 
 morrhages, combined with opium, and is used 
 externally, in solution, in inflammation, burns, 
 bruises, gonorrhoea, &c. Dose, gr. ss to iss. 
 
 Plumbi Tannas, see Tannin. 
 
 PLUMBICUM AC ETAS CRTSTALLISA- 
 TUM, Plumbi superacetas. 
 
 PLUMBOSUM SUPEROXYDUM, Plumbi 
 oxydum rubrum. 
 
 PLUMBUM, 3Iolyb'dos, Molibdus, Saturn' us, 
 Capricor'nus, (P.) Plomb. Lead. A solid metal 
 of a bluish white colour; more malleable than 
 ductile; soft enough to be scratched by the nail; 
 very fusible and oxydizable, when heated in the 
 air, and existing, in nature, under a number 
 of different shapes ; the principal of which are 
 those of sulphuret and oxyd. S. g. 11.352. 
 
 Its use is to form oxides and salts. In its me- 
 tallic state, it has no action upon the body ; but 
 when oxydized or united with an acid, it acts, in 
 large doses, as a powerfully astringent poison. 
 
 Plumbum Aceticum, Plumbi superacetas — p. 
 Album, Tin — p. Candidum, Tin — p. Carbonicum, 
 Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Cinereum, Bismuth, 
 subnitrate of — p. Hydroiodicum, Plumbi lodi- 
 dum — p. lodatum, Plumbi lodidum — p. Nitri- 
 cum, Plumbi nitras — p. Oxydatum rubrum, 
 Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 
 PLUMS, SEEDED, see Diospyros Virginiana 
 — p. Winter, see Diospyros Virginiana — p. Yel- 
 low, see Diospyros Virginiana. 
 
 PLUNGE BATH, see Bath. 
 
 PLUNGING SIPHON, see Siphon. 
 
 PLUNKETT'S CAUSTIC FOE, CANCERS, 
 Plunkett's Ointment. 
 
 Plunkett's Ointment, PlunJcett's Oavstic for 
 Cancers. This empirical cancer remedy consists 
 of Arscnioas acid. Sulphur, and the powdered 
 flowers of the Ranunculus flammula and Cotula 
 faetida; — levigated and made into a paste with 
 the white of egg, and applied, on a piece of pig's 
 bladder, to the surface of the cancer. 
 
 PLURAL BIRTH, see Multiparous. 
 
 PLUTEA. Avieenna gives this name to dii- 
 plicatures of the dura mater, such as the Fcdx 
 cerebri. 
 
 PLUTONIUM, Barium. 
 
 PNEOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum. 
 
 PNEOBIOMANTICA, Docimasia pulmonum. 
 
 PNEUMA, Air, Life. See Pneumatic Physi- 
 cians. 
 
 PNEUMAPOSTE'MA, Pneumonapnste'ma, Ah- 
 scessjis j)ulmo'num; from wi'tv/zuv, 'the lung;' and 
 tiTTOdTrjiia, 'abscess.' Abscess of the lung. 
 
 PNEUMATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pulmo- 
 num. 
 
 PNEUMATHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
 PNEUMAT'IC, Pneumali'cus, Pneumat'ical, 
 from TTvevfia, 'life, air.' Ptclating to pneuma, air 
 or health. 
 
 Pneumat'ic Physicians, Pncumat'ici. Name 
 given to a sect of physicians, at the head of whom 
 was Athena3us, who made health and disease to 
 consist in the different proportions of an element 
 — which they called Pneuma, ttvcvjio — to those of 
 the other elementary principles. This irvev/xa was 
 a fancied spiritual principle, which the Stoics re- 
 garded as an element, different from water, air, 
 earth and fire; — the sole elementary principles 
 previously admitted. 
 
 PNEUMAT'ICA, from rtvevita, 'air.' Apper- 
 taining to the breathing. Discas .s of the respi- 
 ratory function; — the second class in Good's 
 
PNEUMATICAL 
 
 687 
 
 PI^EUMONIA 
 
 system of nosology. Agents that act on the res- 
 piratory organs. — Pereira. 
 
 PNEUMATICAL, Pneumatic. 
 PNEUMATOCELE, Physocele. 
 PNBUMATO'DES, from Trveviia, 'wind,' and 
 eiiog, 'resemblance.' One distended with air, or 
 who breathes with difiiculty, owing to an accumu- 
 lation of flatus in the digestive tube ; or, accord- 
 ing to others, owing to emphysema. 
 PNEUMATOMETER, Spirometer. 
 PNEUMATOMPHALOCELE, Pneumatom- 
 phalus. 
 
 PNEUMATOM'PHALUS, Pnemnatomphalo- 
 ce'le, from vvev/ta, 'flatus,' and oiKpaXog, 'the uni- 
 bilicus.' Umbilical intestinal hernia, containing 
 a considerable quanty of flatus. 
 
 PNE VMA TOSE, Pneumatosis— p.Pert«o»eafe, 
 Tympanites. 
 
 PNEUMATOSIS, Aero'sis, from Trvtvfia, 'air.' 
 Flatus, (F.) Maladie venteuse, Pneumatose. Ela- 
 . tulence. Flatulent distention of the stomach or 
 bowels, or both. Sauvages uses the word syno- 
 nymously with emphysema. It is now generally 
 employed for every abnormous collection of gase- 
 ous matters in any part of the body. 
 
 Pneumatosis, Emphysema — p. Abdominis, 
 Tympanites — p. Enterica, Colica flatulenta — p. 
 Pulmonum, Emphysema of the lungs — p. Ven- 
 triculi, et Pneumatosis enterica. Flatulence. 
 PNBUMATOTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 PNEUMECTASIS, Emphysema of the Lungs. 
 PNEUMOCACE, Necropneumonia. 
 PNEUMOCHOLOSIS, Pneumonia (bilious). 
 PNEUMOCHYSIS, (Edema of the lungs. 
 PNEU3I0BCTASIE, Emphysema of the 
 lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOGAS'TRIC, Pnemnogas'tricus, from 
 TTvevixwv, 'the lung,' and yacnjp, 'the stomach.' 
 Belonging to the lungs and stomach. 
 
 Pneumogastric Nerves, Eighth pair of nerves 
 ( Tenth pair of some), Par vagum. Pars vaga, 
 Nervus vagus seu amhulato'rius sen 2^>'eiimogas'- 
 tricits seu dec"imiis seu sympath'icus me'diiis, 
 MiddU sympathet'ic ; because it is distributed 
 especially to the organs contained in the chest 
 and abdomen. This nerve arises from behind 
 the eminentiss olivarite and near the corpora res- 
 tiformia by one or two rows of filaments, regu- 
 larly arranged. These filaments unite to form a 
 flat cord, which issues from the cranium by the 
 foramen lacerum posterius ; behind the glosso- 
 pharyngeal nerve. At its exit from the cranium, 
 the pneumogastric nerve has the appearance of a 
 very compact plexus — Plexus gangliform'is, Gan- 
 glion of the superior laryngeal branch, of Sir Astley 
 Cooper. It then descends along the neck, deeply 
 seated on the outside of the carotid artery and 
 i</ae internal jugular vein. When it has attained 
 the lower part of the neck, it enters the chest, 
 gliding behind the subclavian vein, and passing 
 on the right side, in front of the subclavian ar- 
 tery, and, on the left, before the arch of the aorta. 
 It proceeds, at first, backwards, increasing in 
 size. Afterwards, it passes from behind the bron- 
 chia to the oesophagus, which it accompanies 
 through the diaphragm, and terminates on the 
 stomach. In the neck, the pneumogastric nerve 
 annstomoses with the spinal, glosso-pharyngeal, 
 great hypo-glossal, and great sympathetic nerves; 
 and furnishes, 1, a pharyngeal branch, 2, a supe- 
 rior laryngeal, 3, cardiac branches. In the chest, 
 it gives off, 1, the inferior laryngeal or recurrent, 
 2, the pulmonary plexus, and, 3, the oesophageal 
 branches. On entering the abdomen, the oeso- 
 phageal branches, which terminate the pneumo- 
 gastric, are distributed upon the stomach, and 
 ^ve I'.umorous filaments to that viscus, to the 
 lici,atic, cosliac, gastro-epiploic, and solar plexuses. 
 
 Some go, also, to the pancreas, liver, gall-blad- 
 der, duodenum, iScc. 
 
 PNEUMOG'RAPHY, Pneumogra'phia, from 
 Ttvcvyiuiv, ' the lung,' and ypaipv, ' a description,' 
 The part of anatomy that describes the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOL'OGY, Pneumolog"ia, from irvsufiMv, 
 'the lung,' and Aoyoy, 'a discourse.' An anato- 
 mical treatise on the lungs. An anatomical de- 
 scription of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOMETER, Spirometer. 
 PNEUMOM'ETRY, Pneumomet'ria, from xv£u- 
 luav, ' the lung,' and jicTpuv, ' measure.' Measure- 
 ment of the capacity of the lungs for ah*. See 
 Spirometer. 
 
 PNEUMON, Pulmo. 
 PNEUMONALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
 PNEUMON ATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pul- 
 monum. 
 PNEUMONECTASIS,Emphysemapulmonum. 
 PNEUMONEMPHRAX'IS, from wvevni^v, 'tho 
 lung,' and £f<i/)paf(j, 'obstrucl,.on.' Congestion and 
 infarction of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMO'NIA, Empres'ma/pneumoni'tis, Plen- 
 mo'nia,Peripneumo'nia, Pneumo'nia jperipneumo' - 
 nia, Pneumoni'tis, Pulmo'nia, Pnlmona'ria, In- 
 flamma'tio pneumon'ica, I. pec'toris aeu'ta, I. 
 pulmo' num, Pneumos' tasis, Pneu'mony, Peripneu' - 
 mony. Inflammation of the lungs. Lung-fever {yv.\- 
 ga,rlj),Febris pneumon'ica, (F.) Inflammation des 
 j}oumons, Fievre pneumonique, F. peripneiimo- 
 nique. Fluxion de poitrine. Inflammation du pa- 
 renchyme pulmonaire. The chief symptoms of 
 pneumonia are : — pyrexia, accompanied by pain, 
 sometimes obtuse, at others pungent, — in some 
 part of the thorax ; pulse more or less quick and 
 hard, according to the violence and extent of the 
 local disorder; pain, aggravated by the cough, 
 which, with dyspnoea, exists throughout the dis- 
 ease. At first, the expectoration is difSeultand 
 painful; but, in the course of a few days, it be- 
 comes free, and the oppression of breathing is 
 mitigated. When the inflammation, instead .if 
 going off by resolution, passes on to suppuration, 
 rigors are experienced ; the respiration becomes 
 more oppressed, but less painful, and a sense of 
 weight is felt on one of the pleurae. Pneumonia 
 may, also, terminate by gangrene — but this rarely 
 happens, — by induration and by hepatization. 
 
 Physical Signs. First Stage, (F.) Engour^- 
 ment. Diminution of the sound is generally ob- 
 served over the affected part on percussion ; aus- 
 cultation exhibits an equal, dry, crepitating rale, 
 which is best heard at the close of a deep inspi- 
 ration, and on coughing. The respiratory mur- 
 mur is intermingled with the crepitant rale, or it • 
 may be absent. In the neighbourhood of the 
 affected parts it is natural or puerile. The voice 
 and cough are rather more resonant than usual. 
 Second Stage, (F.) Hepatisation rouge. When 
 hepatization has occurred, the motion of the af- 
 fected side is impeded, and immediately above 
 the sternum and in the corresponding triangular 
 space on either side, there is often an evident 
 depression. Percussion is dull over the aflectetl 
 part in every position of the patient. On auscul- 
 tation, the crepitation is found to be replaced by 
 bronchial respiration. The respiratory murmur 
 is louder in the other portions of the lung, tho 
 voice and cough are more resonant, and the 
 heart's action is more distinct. Third Stage, 
 (F.) Hepatisation grise. When suppuration su- 
 pervenes, the same signs persist; but usually the 
 voice and cough are less resonant, and a coar:^e, 
 mucous rale is heard. When gangrenous or sup- 
 purative cavities are formed, they present the 
 ordinary signs. 
 
 The prognosis must be guarded. It is not a 
 
PNEUMONIC 
 
 68S 
 
 PNffiUM 
 
 disease whicTi we can always subdue. Great ex- 
 tent of inflammation ; very considerable oppres- 
 sion ; orthopnoea, and difficult expectoration are 
 unfavourable symptoms. The most active treat- 
 ment is of course necessary. General bleeding 
 f .irms the sheet-anchor, — employed so as to make 
 n. decided impression on the system, and repeated, 
 if necessary; local blood-letting; nauseating 
 doses of antimonials ; purgatives ; and when the 
 violence of the inflammation has been got under, 
 
 — counter-irritants, &c. Chronic pneumonia 
 sometimes succeeds the acute, and, at others, 
 occurs accidentally. It must be managed on 
 general princijjles. Small bleedings, especially 
 locally ; and counter-irritants of all kinds are 
 indicated. 
 
 Pn'edmoxia Biliosa, p. bilious. 
 
 Pneumonia, BiLious,PHe»?-;io';»"a hiUo'sa,Pneu- 
 tii'icJiolo'sis. Inflammation of the lungs, accom- 
 panied by gastric fever, and not uncommonly by 
 typhoid symptoms ; — Pneumotyphus, Pneumo'nia 
 tjiiihoV des seu typho'des seu lypiho'sa, Putrid, ty- 
 phoid, adynamic, or erysipelatous pneiano'nia. 
 
 Pneumonia, Erysipelatous, P. bilious — p. 
 Gangrajnosa, Necropneumonia — p. Hypostatica, 
 Pneumonypostasis — p. Intermittens, Pneumoty- 
 posis — p. Lobular, see Lobular — p. Notha, Peri- 
 pneumonia notha— p. Pleuritis, Pleuropneumonia 
 
 — p. Putrid, P. bilious — p. Typhodes, P. bilious 
 
 — p. Typhoid, P. bilious — p. Typhosa, P. bilious, 
 Kecropneumonia — p. Vesicular, Bronchitis, vesi- 
 cular. 
 
 PNEUMOXIC. Pulmonic. 
 
 PNEUMON'ICA. Diseases affecting the lungs, 
 their membranes or motive power; characterized 
 by irregular, impeded, or painful respiration. 
 The second order of the class Pneumatica of 
 Good. 
 
 PXEUMONICULA, diminutive of pneumonia. 
 A slight inflammation of the lung. 
 
 PXEUMONICUS, Pulmonic. 
 
 PXEUMONIE, Pneumonia — p. Disseminie, 
 see Lobular— p. Lohulaire, see Lobular — p. Ma- 
 ti'elonnee, see Lobular. 
 
 PNEUMONIE BES AGONISANTS, Pneu- 
 monie hypostatique. The hypersemic engorge- 
 ment, which takes place in the limgs during the 
 last moments of life, has been so termed. It 
 would seem to be hypersemia rather than inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 PXEUMONIT'IC, Pneumonit'icus. Of, or be- 
 longing to pneumonitis, or inflammation of the 
 lungs. 
 
 PXEUMOXITIS, Pneumonia. 
 
 PIsEUMOXOGAECINO'MA, from wcvuoiv, 
 'the lung,' and KapKivwfia, 'cancer.' Cancer of 
 the lun2s. _ 
 
 PNEUMONOCE'LE, from ttved/kcov, 'the lung,' 
 and K7i\ri, 'rupture.' Hernia of the lung. 
 
 Pneumonoce'le Diaphragiiat'ica IntePv(na. 
 Hernia of the lung through the diaphragm. 
 
 Pneumonocele Exter'na seu Thorac"ica, 
 Hernia through the parietes of the chest. 
 
 Pseumonocele Thoracica. Pn. externa. 
 
 PXEUMOXGEDEMA, (Edema of the lungs. 
 
 PNEU.MOXOMELAXOSIS, see Melanosis. 
 
 PXEUMOXOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PXEUMOXOPHTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PXEUMOXOPLEURESIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
 monv. 
 
 PXEUMOXOPLEURITIS , Pleuroperipneu- 
 aionv. 
 
 PXEUMONORRHAGIA, Hfemoptysis. 
 
 PXEU?IOXORRH(EA, Hremoptysis. 
 
 PNEUMOXOSCIR'RHUS, from 7rv£..,iw.., 'the 
 •ucg,' and axippos, 'induration.' Induration of 
 ihe lungs. 
 
 P.VEUJfOXOSES, Pneumosea. 
 
 PXEUMOXY, Pneumonia, 
 
 PNEUMOXYPOS'TASIS, Pneumo'nia hypo- 
 stat'ica. Pneumonia in a depending portion of 
 the lung, caused by lying on the back. 
 
 PNE UMOPEBICARDE, Pneumo - pericar- 
 dium. 
 
 PXEUMO-PERICARD'IUM, Pneumo -perU 
 cardi'tis, (F.) Pneumo-pericarde, from vvev/Aa, 
 'air,' and ir^ptKapStov, 'pericardium.' Laenuec 
 designates, under this name, the effusion of air 
 into the cavity of the pericardium. 
 
 PXEUMOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PXEUMOPHYMATA, Tubercles of the lungs. 
 
 PXEUMOPLEURESIS, Pleuroperipneumony. 
 
 PXEUMOPTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PXEUMORRHAGIA, Ha3moptysis — p. In- 
 terna, Hsematothorax. 
 
 PXEUMOSEPSIS, Xecropneumonia. 
 
 PNEUMOSES, from -nvivpi^v, 'the lung.' A 
 term under which Alibert comprises every mor- 
 bid afFeetion of the lungs. 
 
 PXEUMOTHO'RAX, Pneumatho'rax, Pneu- 
 matotho'rax, Empjhyse'ma pec'toris, Asthma aeri- 
 nm, A. emphysemat'iciim, Dyspnce'a pneumat'iea, 
 D. physothorac"ica, Physothorax, Aerotliorax, 
 Aeropleurie ( Piorry ), from -Kvtvfia, 'air,' and 
 ^iiipa^, ' the thorax.' An accumlation of air in 
 the cavity of the pleura. A complaint generally 
 sudden in its invasion and fatal in its character. 
 In many instances, along with the air, a liquid is 
 effused, — Hydropneumothorax. The disease may 
 be spontaneous and simple, but in a large pro- 
 portion of eases it is complicated with pleurisy 
 and pulmonary tubercles. The signs vary ac- 
 cording as there is, or is not, a communication 
 between the pleura and the bronchia. The af- 
 fected side gives a hollow, t.vmpanitic sound, 
 even where the thickness of the parietes of the 
 thorax is gr«at. "When the effusion is consider- 
 able, the affected side is dilated, but there is no 
 rdle of any kind. When a gaseous and a liquid 
 effusion are present at the same time, the sound 
 on percussion is found to be clear at the superior 
 part of the thorax, but dull infcriorly ; hence, by 
 varying the position of the patient, and by con- 
 sequence that of the contained fluids, the seats 
 of the clear and the dull sound will be varierl. 
 When the gaseous effusion is owing to a fistulous 
 communication between the pleura and bronchia, 
 the metallic respiration and resonance are heard; 
 and if there be both gaseous and liquid effusion, 
 with a fistulous communication, in addition to 
 these signs there is the tintcment metaUiqne. The 
 presence of liquid can always be ascertained by 
 suceussion. See Emphrysema of the lungs. 
 
 PXEUMOT'OMT, Pneumotom'in, from rvev- 
 fiuiv, 'the lung,' and rc/ivw, 'I cut.' Dissection 
 of the lungs. 
 
 PXEOMOTYPHUS, Pneumonia, typhoid. 
 
 PXEUMOTYPO'SIS, Pneumo'uia intermif- 
 tens, from ttwii/juiv, 'the lung,' and tvtto;, 'a 
 stamp, a type' Pneumonia characterized by 
 periodicity. 
 
 PNEUOBIOMAXTIA, Doeiraasia pulmonum. 
 
 PXEUSIOBTOGXOSIS,Doeimasiapulraonum. 
 
 PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE, Docimasia pulmonum. 
 
 PNEUSIS, Respiration — p. Pertussis, Pertus- 
 sis — p. Singultus, Singultus — p. Tussis, Tussis. 
 
 PXEUSOMETER, Spirometer. 
 
 PXIGALIOX. Incubus. 
 
 PNIGMOS, Orthopno9a, Strangulation. 
 
 PXIGOPEOBIA, Angina pectoris. Suffocation. 
 
 PNIX, Orthopnoea, Strangulation. 
 
 PXOE, Aura. 
 
 PNCEUM. A nostrum of Dr. Sara»iel Hahne- 
 mann, the founder of the 'Homcpopathic System," 
 which consisted — it is said — of borax onlj ! 
 
PNOOCOLYTICUS 
 
 689 
 
 POISON 
 
 PNOOCOLYTICUS, Asthmatic. 
 
 POOHE BES EAUX, see Liquor Amnii, and 
 Parturition. 
 
 POCK, from Teut. pocca, 'poeh or little 
 pouch.' A pustule of smallpox. 
 
 Pock, Kine, Vaccina. 
 
 POCKFRETTBN, see Pockmark. 
 
 POCKHOLE, Pockmark. 
 
 POCKMARK, Pochhole, Scrohic'ulm Vori'oIcB, 
 Ciea'trix VarwloB. The mark or j^^^ oi" pHting 
 left from a smallpox pustule. One pitted with 
 smallpox is said to be poclcfretten. 
 
 POCKY. Infected with, or appertaining to, 
 or resembling, smallpox or syphUis. 
 
 POC'ULUM ABSINTHIA'TUM. This was 
 regarded, in remote ages, as a wholesome beve- 
 rage ; the aheinthium, or ' wormwood,' being sup- 
 posed to act as an antidote to drunkenness. 
 
 PocrLUM AiiATORiUM, Philter — p. Diogenis, 
 Palm — p. Emeticum, Goblet, emetic. 
 
 POD'AGRA, Podarthri'tis, Podorrheu'ma, Po- 
 dal'gia, from -novg, 'the foot,' and ay/)a, 'seizure.' 
 Pain which attacks the feet. Gout, situate in the 
 articulations of the foot. It has, also, been used 
 in a more extensive signification synonymously 
 with gout. 
 
 Podagra Aberraxs, Gout, (wandering) — p. 
 Arthi-itis, Gout — p. Retrograda, Gout, (retro- 
 grade.) 
 
 PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum podagraria — p. 
 ^gopodium, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 
 PODAGRIC, Podag'rical, Podag'ricus, Ar- 
 tJirit'icns, ArtJirit'ic, Gouty, (F.) Goiitteux. Re- 
 lating or belonging to gout. Affected with gout. 
 
 PODALGIA, Gout, Podagra. 
 
 PODALYRIA TINCTORIA, Sophoratinctoria. 
 
 PODANENCEPHALIA, see Podencephalus. 
 
 POD ARTHRITIS, Podagra. 
 
 PODARTHROC'ACE, from rouf, 'the foot,' 
 ap^pov, •■ an articulation,' and kukos, ' bad.' Caries 
 of the articulation of the foot. 
 
 PODENCBPHALIA, see Podencephalus. 
 
 PODENCEPH'ALUS, Podanenceph'alus, from 
 rouj, 'the foot,' and ke^uXj/, 'the head.' A mon- 
 ster whose brain is placed outside the skull, and 
 seems to be supported on a pedicle, which tra- 
 verses the summit of the skull. This state of 
 monstrosity is termed Podanencepha'h'n, or more 
 properly. Podencepha'lia. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 PODEX. Anus. 
 
 PODCE'MA; from ttou?, 'foot,' and oiSrina, 'a, 
 swelling.' OSdema of the foot. 
 
 P0D0L'0GY,Po(?o?o5r";«,from vovs. 'the foot,' 
 and Xoyo;, ' a discourse.' A description of the 
 foot. A treatise on the foot. 
 
 PODOPHYL'LUM PELTA'TUM, PodopJiyV- 
 Imn, AnapodopJiyW um Canadense, May-apple, 
 Mandrake. Family, Podophylleae. Sex. Syst. 
 PolyandriaMonogynia. A common plant through- 
 out North America. The fruit is eatable, and 
 esteemed by many. The leaves are said to be 
 poisonous. The root or rhizoma, Podo2)hyllum 
 (Ph. U. S.). is purgative in the dose of 20 grains. 
 It has also been used as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Podophyllum Mosta'num, 3fovntain May-ap- 
 ple, Mandrake, Wild Lemon, Ducksfoot, Raccoon 
 Berry, Yellow Berry, Ground Lemon, has the 
 same properties. 
 
 PODORRHEUMA. Podagra. 
 
 PODOTIIE'CA, from ttoxh, 'a foot,' and erjKv, 
 'a receptacle, a sheath.' The cuticle of the foot. 
 An anatomical preparation. Chirothe'ca, has been 
 used for the cuticle of the hand. 
 
 POELETTE, Cup. 
 
 POE'PHAGUS ; from ttoj?, or roa, 'a plant, an 
 herb,' and ^ayu, 'I eat.' One who subsists on 
 herbs or vegetables. The act of subsisting or 
 44 
 
 feeding on herbs or vegetables is called Po?p7ia^"- 
 ia. Hence Strabo calls the Irish i!ori<fiayoi. 
 
 POGON, Beard. 
 
 POGONI'ASIS, Pogo'nict, from iruycov, 'the 
 beard.' A female beard. Also, great strength 
 or quantity of beard. A female having a beard 
 — Vira'go. 
 
 POGO'NIUM, diminutive of -ratyiav, 'beard.' 
 A weak or small beard. 
 
 POHON ANTIAR, Upas. 
 
 POT. A favourite aliment in the Sandwich 
 Islands. It is a sort of paste made from the root 
 of the Kalo — Arum esciden'tnm. 
 
 POLES ET ME SURE S, "Weights and mea- 
 sures. , 
 
 POTGNEE, Manipulus. 
 
 POLGNET, Carpus. 
 
 POIL, Hair. 
 
 POILETTE, Cup. 
 
 POLLS, see Typha latifolia. 
 
 POING, Fist. 
 
 POLNT, Stitch. 
 
 Point, IJlistering. A name given by Dr. 
 Rush to an indeterminate period in the course of 
 a continued fever, intermediate between the stages 
 of high excitement and collapse, in which blis- 
 ters will — he thought — usually produce unequi- 
 vocally good effects. ^ 
 
 POINT BE COTE, Pleurodynia. 
 
 POLNTSLACR Y3IA rar,Lachrymaliaruneta. 
 
 POIRE, see Pyrus communis. 
 
 POIRE AU, Allium porrum. 
 
 POIRIER, Pyrus communis. 
 
 POLS, Pisum — p. a Cauth-e, see Fonticuhis — 
 p. Chiche, Cicer arietinum — p. OuUive, Pisum — 
 p. d Gratter, Dolichos pruriens — p. Patate, Doli- 
 chos tuberosus. 
 
 POISON, Phar'macon, Phar'macnm, Tox'ieum, 
 Vene'num, Virus, Belete' riiim, Venena'tion, (F.) 
 Poison. A generic name for all substances which, 
 when introduced into the animal economy, either 
 by cutaneous absorption, respiration, or the di- 
 gestive canal, act in a noxious manner on the 
 vital properties or the texture of organs. Hence 
 we speak of fever poison, cholera poison, <fee.. 
 Poisons exist in the three kingdoms of nature :: 
 but those which proceed from animals are often' 
 called venoms, as the venom of the viper, scor- 
 pion, tarantula, &c. ; whilst those that are the 
 products of disease have the name vin<s. In 
 common parlance, therefore, poison is restricted 
 to deleterious articles, furnished by the mineral 
 and vegetable kingdoms. Orfila has divided poi- 
 sons into four classes. 1. Acrid, Ir'ritating, 
 CoRRO'sivE, or Escharot'ic, such as the concen- 
 trated acids and alkalies ; mercurial, arseniaeal, 
 cupreous, and antimonial' compounds, cauthari- 
 des, &c. 2. Narcot'ic,- those that act particu- 
 larly upon the brain ; as hyoscyamus, opium, <fcc., 
 but without inflaming the organ with which they 
 come ia contact. 3. Narcot'ico-Acrib or Acro- 
 narcot'ic ; — those that act on the brain, but, at 
 the same time, irritate the parts to which they 
 are applied ; as aconite, belladonnai, &c. 4. Sep- 
 tic or Putres'cent ; — those furnished by the 
 animal kingdom. See Venom and Virus. Va- 
 rious classifications, of a similar character, have 
 been recommended b.Y different toxicologists : but 
 they are liable to the objection, that they throw 
 substances together whose physiological action 
 on the system is very different. It is, indeed, 
 difficult to avoid unnatural compression of mat 
 ters into places not properly belonging to them, 
 in all such arrangements. 
 
 The following table, which exhibits a coup d'-xil 
 of the chief poisons, with most of the circum- 
 stances of importance connected with their, ji 
 not free from these objections. 
 
POISONS 
 
 690 
 
 POISONS 
 
 TABLE EXHIBITING THE SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT, AND MODE OF DETECTINO 
 ' THE VARIOUS POISONS, MINERAL, VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL. 
 
 N. B. In all cases the Stomach-Pump should be used as soon as possible. 
 
 I. INORGANIC POISONS. 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 ACIDS. 
 
 Acetic Acid. 
 
 Citric Arid. 
 
 Muriatic Acid. 
 
 J\ritric Acid. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Tartaric Acid. 
 
 Oxalic Acid. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 Prussic Acid. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Al- 
 monds. 
 
 Laurel Water. 
 
 The acids, generally, are 
 strong corrosive poisons. 
 Sour, acrid taste, burning 
 in the throat, which is in- 
 creased by pressure, swal- 
 lowing, or coughinsr; eruc- 
 tation, and excruciating 
 pain in the stomach; more 
 or less corrugation of the 
 lining membranes of the 
 mouth and prima vise; ex- 
 coriation about the mouth 
 or such other parts of the 
 skin as the acid may have 
 touched. The matter vo- 
 mited effervesces with car- 
 bonate of lime. The coun- 
 tenance becomes glazed, ex- 
 tremities cold and clammy ; 
 convulsions and death. Ni- 
 tric acid occasions yellow 
 stains, and sulphuric acid, 
 black. 
 
 Is a sedative poison ; nau- 
 sea, giddiness, debility, hur- 
 ried pulse, weight and pain 
 in the head ; eructations 
 having the flavour of the 
 acid ; spasms, tetanus, con- 
 tractile pupil; convulsions, 
 death. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 Tlie carbonates of soda, 
 potassa, lime and magne- 
 sia, are all antidotes to the 
 acids; calcined magnesia 
 also. They are to be used 
 with the following restric- 
 tions: for the acetic, citric, 
 muriatic, sulphuric, and 
 tartaric acids, they may be 
 used indiscriminately. For 
 the nitric and o.xalic, car- 
 bonates of magnesia and 
 lime can alone be employed 
 wiili safety. In the case of 
 sulphuric acid, water siiould 
 not be drunk, on account 
 of the great heat which is 
 produced by their mixture. 
 Subsequent inflammation 
 to be treated by ordinary 
 means. 
 
 The carbonates of the al- 
 kalies and of magnesia and 
 lime have the inconve- 
 nience, that a large quan- 
 tity of sas is extricated in 
 the stomach. 
 
 Ammonia is an antidote,' 
 hut it should not be em- 
 ployed in a very cnncen- 
 Itrated form. Liquid chlo- 
 rine has also been found 
 efficacious. The cold doucAe 
 to the head lias been re- 
 commended. 
 
 ALKALIES and 
 their SALTS. 
 
 Ammoni.*., 
 
 Strong Liquor or 
 
 Water of. 
 
 Muriate of Am- 
 monia or Sal 
 Ammoniac. 
 
 Potassa.. 
 
 Caustic Potassa, 
 and Liquor Po- 
 tassa:. 
 
 Carhonate of Po- 
 tassa., or Pearl 
 Ash., and Salt 
 of Tartar. 
 
 3V%trale of Potas- 
 sa or Saltpetre. 
 
 ■ Snlphurct of Po- 
 tassium or Li- 
 ver of Sulphur. 
 
 Sulphuric acid is known by a 
 white precipitate with any salt 
 of baryta, insoluble in nitric acid. 
 
 Muriatic acid is known by a 
 white precipitate with nitrate of 
 silver, insoluble in nitric acid, 
 which turns black by the action 
 of light. 
 
 J\''itric acid gives rise to orange- 
 coloured fumes, when copper is 
 placed in it. and an ability to 
 dissolve gold when mixed with 
 muriatic acid. 
 
 Acetic acid exhales the odour of 
 vinegar. 
 
 Citric nc!(f blackens-when heated. 
 
 Tartaric acid precipitates crys- 
 tals, with a solution of potassa : 
 and a white precipitate is thrown 
 down by lime-water. 
 
 Oxalic acid gives a white preci- 
 pitate with lime-water, which, 
 when heated, is converted into 
 carbonate of lime. 
 
 Prussic acid exhales the odour 
 of peach-kernels; forms a white 
 precipirate with nitrate of silver 
 neutralized with an alkali, gives 
 a blue precipitate with the per- 
 salts of iron. 
 
 Violent, caustic, a»rid 
 taste; great heat in the 
 throat, with destruction of 
 its lining membrane; diffi- 
 cult and painful degluti- 
 tion; vomiting of bloody 
 matter, which turns the 
 yellow of turmeric brown ; 
 acute pain in the stomach; 
 cold sweats, weakness, hic- 
 cough ; violent colic pains, 
 with purging of bloody 
 stools and membranous 
 flakes; death. 
 
 The nitrate of potassa 
 will not manifest the effect 
 with turmeric paper. The 
 carbonates, when vomited, 
 will effervesce with acids; 
 and the liver of sulphur 
 will give rise to eructations 
 of sulphuretted hydrogen. 
 
 EARTHS and 
 COMPOUNDS. 
 
 Bartta. 
 
 Car'yvale of Ba- 
 ryta. 
 
 Chloride of Ba- 
 rium. 
 
 ^Titrate of Ba- 
 ryt.'.. 
 
 The vegetable acids, such 
 as vinesar, lemon juice, 
 citric and tartaric acid in 
 solution are antidotes to 
 the alkalies and their car- 
 bonates. The fixed oils, 
 such as castor, linseed, al- 
 mond and olive, form soaps 
 with the free alkalies, and 
 therefore destroy their caus- 
 tic effects. 
 
 Poisoning by nitrate of 
 potassa to lie treated on ge- 
 neral antiphlogistic princi- 
 ples; mucilaginous drinks. 
 
 Liver of sulphur is said 
 to be decomposed and neu- 
 tralized by common salt. 
 The liquid chloride of soda 
 will also decompose it. 
 
 Analogous to those of 
 the corrosive metals Vio- 
 lent burning in the sto- 
 mach, vomit ins;, gripes, 
 diarrhoea ; excessive mus- 
 cular debility, headache, 
 convulsions death. I.iuie 
 differs from baryta in being 
 a pure irritant. 
 
 The alkalies are known by 
 their action on turmeric paper: 
 restoring the colour of litmus, 
 which has been reddened by an 
 acid. 
 
 Carbonates are known by their 
 effervescence with an acid; some 
 of them affect the turmeric paper 
 Sal ammoniac gives out the pun- 
 gent odour of ammonia, when 
 mixed with quicklime. 
 
 Nitrate of potassa decrepitates 
 and deflagrates when thrown on 
 hot coals. 
 
 Liver of sulphur emits the odour 
 of sulphuretted hydrogen when 
 dissolved, or when treated with 
 an acid. 
 
 The sulphates of soda 
 and majnfsia are prompt 
 and effictive antidotes to 
 all the jKiisonoiis salts of 
 baryta. Phosphate of soda 
 will also counteract their 
 eff cts. I.ime may be neu- 
 tralized by dilute acids. 
 Carbonic aritl. in soda-wa- 
 ter, effervescing dr-iucht or 
 yeast, it is supposed, would 
 answer a sood jiurpose. 
 The fixed oils may be em- 
 ployed either for baryta or 
 lime, when not in a com- 
 pound state. 
 
 Baryta and its salts invariably 
 give a white precipitate, insoluble 
 in acid, with a soluble sulphate, 
 
 Lime, when dissolved, gives a 
 while precipitate wit box a lie acid. 
 Also with carbonic acid or a 
 sohihle carbonate. The same of 
 baryta. 
 
POISONS 
 
 691 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 Brandy. Wines, 
 and all Spirit- 
 twus Liquors. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Intoxication, and when 
 taken very freely, complete 
 insensibility, with apo- 
 plexy or paralysis of one 
 side; the countenance swol- 
 len and of a dark-red co- 
 lour; the breathing diffi- 
 cult, and often stertorous, 
 with a peculiar puffing out 
 of the lips; the breath smells 
 of liquor, which will dis- 
 tinguish the symptoms from 
 those of spontaneous apo- 
 plexy. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 Creasote. 
 
 DippeVs Animal 
 Oil. 
 
 Oilof Turpentine. 
 Fusel Oil. 
 
 GASES. 
 
 Carbonic Acid, or 
 Fixed Air. 
 
 Carbonic Oxide. 
 
 Fumes of Burn- 
 ing Charcoal. 
 
 Chlorine. 
 
 Sulphuretted Hy- 
 drogen. 
 
 IODINE. 
 
 Iodide of Potas- 
 sium. 
 
 METALS. 
 
 Antimony. 
 
 Tartar Emetic. 
 
 Chloride, or But- 
 ter of Antimony. 
 
 Oxide of Anti- 
 mony. 
 
 General action, that of 
 irritant poisons. Burning 
 pain, vomiting, pungent 
 taste, purging, &c. The oils 
 of turpentine and tobacco 
 affect the nervous system ; 
 the peculiar odour of each 
 oil will be manifested in 
 the matter vomited. 
 
 A powerful emetic of 
 white vitriol, or tartar eme- 
 tic, should be got into the 
 stomach as soon as possi- 
 ble ; and if the person has 
 lost the power of swallow- 
 ing, a flexible catheter or 
 tube should be the means of 
 conveying it thither. The 
 vomiting should be encou- 
 raged as much as possible 
 with warm water; and large 
 and active glysters of salt 
 and water should be thrown 
 up. The patient should be 
 placed erect, and if the 
 countenance and other ap- 
 pearances be not improved 
 after these means have been 
 used, the jugular vein may 
 be opened, and cold wet 
 cloths applied to the head, 
 particularly if the body be 
 hotter than natural. If the 
 extremities become cold. 
 warmth and friction should 
 be perseveringly used. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 Chlorine produces, when 
 inhaled, violent irritation 
 of the organs of respira- 
 tion ; cough, bloody expec- 
 toration, inflammation of 
 the lungs, and permanent 
 pulmonary disease. The 
 other gases, although pro- 
 ducing some effect on the 
 respiratory organs, act as 
 poisons, in consequence of 
 their sedative agency. The 
 symptoms, therefore, are 
 those of apoplexy, or nar- 
 cotic poisoning. 
 
 Irritant symptoms ; burn- 
 ing pain in the throat, lace- 
 rating pain in the stomach, 
 and fruitless efforts to vo- 
 mit ; suffusion of the eyes ; 
 excessive pain and tender- 
 ness of the epigastrium. 
 
 Vomitins. If vomiting 
 do not occur promptly, vio- 
 lent irritant effects are 
 produced. Burning pain in 
 the pit of the stomach ; 
 Purging; colicky pains, 
 sense of tightness in the 
 throat, violent cramps; re- 
 peated recurrence of vomit- 
 ing. 
 
 Creasote is immediately 
 coasulated by albumen 
 Dippel's animal oil may be 
 counteracted with dilute 
 acids and the fixed oils. 
 The other oils have no par- 
 ticular antidotes, and their 
 effects must, therefore, be 
 counteracted upon general 
 principles. 
 
 The antidotes to chlorine 
 are the cautious inhalation 
 of ammonia, or sulphuret- 
 ted hydrogen. The inflam- 
 matory symptoms from 
 chlorine to be treated on 
 general principles. For the 
 other gases, cold affnsioiis 
 to the head, blood-letting, 
 artificial respiration. 
 
 Iodine combines with 
 starch, and forms an insolu- 
 ble compound. The prompt 
 administration of starch, 
 wheat flour, or other vege- 
 table matter containing fe- 
 cula, beat up in water, is 
 recommended. Iodide of 
 potassium has no antidote. 
 Vomiting should be pro- 
 moted by draughts of warm 
 v;ater, and inflammation be 
 subdued by general treat- 
 ment. 
 
 If vomiting have not been 
 produced, it should be 
 brought about by tickling 
 the fauces, and adminis- 
 tering copious draughts of 
 warm water. Astringent 
 infusions, such as of galls, 
 oak biirk. Peruvian bark, 
 act as antidotes, and should 
 be given promptly; pow- 
 dered yellow bark may be 
 used, until the infusion is 
 prepared. 
 
 No better mode of recognizing 
 these substances exists, than thai 
 derived from their peculiar odour. 
 Dippel's oil has the pungent odour 
 of ammonia ; creasote and oil of 
 tar, a peculiar smell of smoke; 
 the odour of tobacco and turpen- 
 tine are well known; and fusel 
 oil has a peculiar, offensive, suf- 
 focating odour. 
 
 Chlorine is recognized by its 
 peculiar odour and bleaching pro- 
 perties. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 
 by its fetid smell, and the rapid 
 blackening of lead. Carbonic 
 acid, by its occasioning turbid- 
 ness in lime-water placed in its 
 atmosphere. Carbonic oxide, by 
 the blue colour of its flame. 
 
 Iodine is known by its odour, 
 and the formation of a blue pre- 
 cipitate, when bro'iuht in contact 
 with a cold solution of starch. 
 Iodide of potassium gives a crys- 
 talline precipitate, with tartaric 
 acid in e.\cess. The supernatant 
 fluid will give the blue colour to 
 starch. 
 
 Antimony in solution is beH 
 distinguished by the peculiar 
 orange-red precipitate, which it 
 fornjs with sulphuretted hydro- 
 gen or solutions of the hydrosul- 
 phates. Free alkalies produce 
 while precipitntps. The muriate 
 is known by a w hite precipitate, 
 when it is poured into water. 
 In its solid forms, it may be known 
 by the formation of white fumes, 
 when heated, which redden lit- 
 mus. It may also be converted 
 into chloride, and then precipi- 
 tated by adding water. 
 
POISONS 
 
 692 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 Arsenic. 
 
 Arsenious Acid, 
 or While Arsenic. 
 
 Orpiment, or Yel- 
 ioio Sulphuret 
 of Arsenic. 
 
 King's Yellcne. 
 
 Realgar, or Red 
 Sulphuret of 
 Arsenic. 
 
 Fly Powder. 
 
 Fowler's Solution. 
 
 Arsenical Paste. 
 
 Arsenical Soap. 
 
 Arsenite of Cop- 
 per, 
 ScheeWs Qreen. 
 
 UlSMCTH. 
 
 mtrate of Bis- 
 muth. 
 
 Pearl Powder. 
 
 Oxide of Bismuth. 
 
 Copper. 
 Sulphate of Copper 
 
 Blue Vitriol. 
 Scetate of Copper, 
 
 yerdigris. 
 Carbonate of Cop- 
 per, 
 Blue Verditer. 
 Arsenile of Copper 
 ScheeWs Orcen. 
 Food cooked in 
 dirt?/ copper ves- 
 sels, or pickles 
 made green by 
 copper. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Violent burning pain in 
 the region of the stomach 
 and bowels; tenderness on 
 pressure; retching: vomit- 
 ing; sense of dryness and 
 tightness in the throat ; 
 thirst; hoarseness and diffi- 
 culty of speech; the matter 
 vomited, greenish or yel- 
 lowish, sometimes streaked 
 with blood; diarrhoea; te- 
 nesmus; sometimes excori- 
 ation of the anus; urinary 
 organs occasionally affected 
 with violent burning pains 
 and suppression ; convul- 
 sions and cramps; clammy 
 sweats; lividity of the ex- 
 tremities ; countenance col- 
 lapsed ; eyes red and spar- 
 kling; delirium; death. 
 
 Similar to those produced 
 from other irritant poisons. 
 General inflammation of 
 the whole alimentary canal; 
 suppression of urine ; hic- 
 cough, disagreeable metal- 
 lic taste ; vomiting; cramps ; 
 delirium: death. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 The hydrated peroxide of 
 iron diffused through wa- 
 ter ; or the precipitated car- 
 bonate; or the rubigo ferri, 
 in very fine powder, to be 
 administered every five or 
 ten minutes, until relief is 
 obtained. This is particu- 
 larly efiicacious when the 
 white arsenic has been swal- 
 lowed. If the arsenic have 
 been taken in the form 
 of Fowler's Solution, lime- 
 water, in copious draughts, 
 may be given. For either 
 of the other forms, emetics 
 of sulphate of zinc; dilu- 
 ents; demulcents, such as 
 flaxseed tea, infusion of 
 slippery elm. Sec. Counter- 
 irritants may be used to re- 
 lieve the spasm, and violent 
 pain in the stomach. Bleed- 
 ing, as promoting absorp- 
 tion, should not be em- 
 ployed until the stomach is 
 completely evacuated. 
 
 Milk, and sweet mucila- 
 ginous drinks are recom- 
 mended. Leeches, general 
 bleeding; glysters; fomen- 
 tations to be employed on 
 the general principles of 
 treatment for inflammatory 
 symptoms. 
 
 Very similar to those pro- Albumen to be adminis 
 duced by arsenic. Coppery i tered in either of its forms 
 eructations and taste. Fa- i which can be most readily 
 tal cases are generally ter- [ obtained, as milk or whites 
 minated by convulsions, ! of eggs. Vinegar should 
 
 palsy, insensibility. 
 
 not be given. The inflam- 
 matory symptoms are to be 
 treated on general princi- 
 ples, and so of the nervous. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 If the suspected substance can 
 be obtained free from organic 
 matter, the presence of arsenic 
 may readily be shown by boiling 
 it in distilled water, filtering, and 
 testing with, 1st. Ammoniaco- 
 sulphate of copper. 2d. Ammo- 
 niaco-nilrate of silver. (Hume's 
 Test) 3d. Sulphuretted hydrogen 
 gas. Thefirst will produce a ^reen 
 precipitate; second, a pale yellow 
 precipitate; third, a bright yellow 
 precipitate, if arsenic be present. 
 A portion of the powder, or one of 
 these precipitates, carefully and 
 thoroughly dried, is then to be 
 mixed with charcoal and exsic- 
 cated carbonate of soda, to be 
 placed in a small glass tube, closed 
 at one end, and then to be heated 
 to a red heat in the flame of a 
 lamp. The arsenic will be re- 
 duced, and sublime in the upper 
 part of the tube, forming a dark 
 crust, having considerable lustre 
 on its exterior surface, resem- 
 bling polished steel. By gently 
 heating this crust in a very small 
 flame, crystals of white arsenic 
 will be formed, having a high 
 adamantine lustre. 
 
 If organic matter be present, it 
 must be entirely destroyed, by 
 heating the substance with nitro- 
 niuriatic acid. After this has been 
 done, and a clear, transparent so- 
 lution in distilled water has been 
 obtained, the subsequent process 
 is as above indicated. Ifarsenious 
 acid be submitted to the action 
 of nascent hydrogen, it is deox- 
 idized, and the metallic arsenic, 
 thereby obtained, combining with' 
 hydrogen, forms arsenuretted hy- j 
 drogen gas. (Marsh's Test.) 
 
 Add to a suspected solution a- 
 few drops of pure chlorohydric 
 acid, and place in it a slip of bright 
 copper; no change occurs until! 
 the liquid is brought to the boiling i 
 point, when, if arsenic be present, I 
 even in small quantity, the copper 
 acquires an iron-gray coating, 
 from the deposit of that metal. 
 Remove the slip of copper; wash 
 it in water, dry it and gradually 
 heat it in a reduction tube, when 
 arsenions acid will be sublimed 
 in minute octohedral crystals. 
 The test succeeds with powdered 
 arsenic, the arsenites, arsenic acid, 
 the arseniates, and orpiment. It 
 will even separate the arsenic 
 from arsenite of copper, and from 
 common lead-shot. Reinsch'sTsst, 
 
 Bismuth is known by the forma- 
 tion of a white precipitate, when 
 its solution in nitric acid is 
 poured into water; and by the 
 formation of a black precipitate 
 with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, 
 and bydrosulphates in solution. 
 
 The presence of copper is rea- 
 dily shown in soUiiions. By 
 ammonia a beautiful bluish preci- 
 pitate is thrown down, which 
 dissolves in an excess of the pre- 
 cipitant, and the solution has a 
 rich blue colour. A brisht iron 
 bar, introduced into solutions of 
 copper, occasions the separation 
 of the copper, in a metallic form, 
 which deposits itself upon the 
 iron. 
 
POISONS 
 
 693 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 SVMPTOMS. 
 
 Gold. 
 Chloride of Oold. 
 
 Fulminating 
 Oold. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, 
 
 Copperas, 
 
 Oreen Vitriol. 
 
 Chloride qf Iron,. 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Acetate of Lead, 
 
 Sugar of Lead. 
 
 Carbonate of Lead, 
 
 White Lead. 
 
 Red Oxide, or Red 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Litharge. 
 
 Wines sweetened 
 
 by Lead. 
 Water which has 
 been kept i 
 Leaden vessels. 
 Acid food, cooked, 
 or left standing 
 sre vessels glazed 
 with Lead, 
 
 Mercory. 
 
 Corrosive SubK- 
 
 mate. 
 
 Cyanide of Mer- 
 cury. 
 
 JVitrate of Mer- 
 cury. 
 
 WkitePrecipitate. 
 
 Red Oxide, or Red 
 Precipitate. 
 
 Sulphate, or Tur- 
 bith Mineral. 
 
 F'erm.ilion,OT Red 
 Sulphur et. 
 
 Silver. 
 JVitrate of Silver, 
 or Lunar Caus- 
 tic. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 Very analogous to those 
 of other irritant poisons. 
 This substance communi- 
 cates a pink stain to the 
 flesh, and patches of that 
 colour may be found about 
 the lips, and inside the 
 mouth. 
 
 Symptoms of irritant poi- 
 soning; colic pains, con- 
 slRntvomiting and purging. 
 Violent pain in the throat, 
 tension of the epigastrium, 
 coldtiess of the skin, and 
 feebleness of the pulse. 
 
 Irritation of the alimen- 
 tary canal; spasm; nervous 
 symptoms; paralysis, either 
 partial or complete. When 
 taken for some time, in 
 small quantity, violent and 
 obstinate colic; rigidity of 
 abdominal muscles, cramps; 
 remission of pain ; obsti- 
 nate constipation, urine di- 
 minished, saliva increased ; 
 countenance anxious and 
 gloomy. If relief be not 
 promptly obtained, giddi- 
 ness, debility, torpor, coma, 
 convulsions and death. The 
 paralysis affects generally 
 the upper extremities. 
 
 Violent symptoms of irri- 
 tant poisoning; harsh me- 
 tallic astringent taste; burn- 
 ing pain in the stomach; 
 vomiting and purging fre- 
 quently of bloody matter; 
 often irritation of the uri- 
 nary organs, and sometimes 
 suppression ; tightness and 
 burnini in the throat, occa- 
 sionally so great as to pre- 
 vent speech; countenance 
 not always pale, but some- 
 times flushed; tendency to 
 doze ; stupor, convulsions 
 and death. 
 
 Those of other irritant 
 poisons. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 Tin. 
 
 Chloride of Tin. 
 Solution of Tin, 
 
 used by Dyers. 
 Oxide of Tin, or 
 
 Putty Powder. 
 
 Zinc. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 
 White Vitriol. 
 
 Acetate of Zinc. 
 
 The salts of gold are de- 
 composed by sulphate of 
 iron ; and this has, there- 
 fore, been recommended as 
 an antidote. Inflammatory 
 symptoms to be treated on 
 general principles. 
 
 Carbonate of soda would 
 be a most excellent anti- 
 dote to either of these 
 substances. Mucilaginous 
 drinks might also be em- 
 ployed; and particular symp- 
 toms relieved by general 
 treatment. 
 
 Sulphate of magnesia and 
 phosphate of soda are both 
 good antidotes for the solu- 
 ble salts of lead. For the 
 solid forms, dilute sulphuric 
 acid may be drunk. These 
 are applicable to the irri- 
 tant forms of poisoning by 
 lead. In the chronic form, 
 or colica pictonum, purga- 
 tives and anodynes are re- 
 sorted to ; venesection ; and 
 external applications to re- 
 lieve the cramps. The use 
 of strychnia is recommended 
 for the paralysis. 
 
 Albumen, in some form, 
 must be promptly adminis- 
 tered; either white of eggs 
 beaten up with water, milk, 
 or wheat flour beaten up. 
 The inflammatory symp- 
 toms to be counteracted by 
 the usual means. Gold, 
 finely mixed in dust, with 
 fine iron filings. (?) 
 
 Chloride of gold is very readily 
 decomposed, and the gold sepa- 
 rated in a metallic state. Proto- 
 sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver 
 and protochloride of tin, all an- 
 swer this purpose. The precipi- 
 tated powder will be found insolu- 
 ble, except in nitro-muriatic acid. 
 
 Iron is recognised by a bluish- 
 black precipitate, with tincture 
 of galls; rich blue, with prussiate 
 of potassa ; and a greenish or 
 reddish precipitate, with the free 
 alkalies or tlieir carbonates. 
 
 Soluble salts of lead yield a 
 white precipitate with sulphates 
 and carbonates in solution. Salts 
 of chromic acid and iodide of po- 
 tassium occasion a yellow preci- 
 pitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen; 
 a black precipitate. If solid, the 
 lead may be converted into a 
 state of solution by nitric acid, 
 and the dilute solution be tested 
 as above. 
 
 Chloride of sodium, or 
 common salt, immediately 
 decomposes this substance, 
 and destroys its activity. 
 Antiphlogistic treatment is 
 to be employed for the in- 
 flammatory symptoms. 
 
 The same as those from Milk to be given copious 
 other irritant poisons, and ly, and the subsequent 
 a peculiar tanned appear- 1 treatment to be regulated 
 
 ance of the villous coat of 
 the stomach. 
 
 by the symptoms. 
 
 Violent vomiting; astrin- The vomiting may be re- 
 gent taste, burning pain in ; lieved by copious draughts 
 the stomach; pale counte- ^ of vi-arm water. Carbonate 
 nance; cold extremities; of soda, administered in so- 
 dull eves; fluttering pulse, lution, will decompose the 
 Death" seldom ensues, in sulphate of zinc. Milk and 
 consequence of the emetic albumen also act ns anti- 
 effects. } dotes. General principles 
 to be observed in the s'ubse- 
 <|uent treatment. 
 
 The free alkalies differ in their 
 precipitates from solutions of mer- 
 cury. Potassa gives, with corro- 
 sive sublimate, a yellowish one; 
 ammonia, a white; lime-water, an 
 orange; and sulphuretted hydro- 
 gen, a black. If a drop of the so 
 lution be placed on a piece of 
 gold, and touched with a knife or 
 key, the mercury will be reduced, 
 which amalgamates with the gold, 
 producing a white spot. The ni- 
 trate of mercury gives a black 
 precipitate with the free alkalies. 
 All the solid forms of mercury are 
 volatile, and may be reduced by 
 healing them in a glass tube with 
 charcoal and carbonate of soda, 
 when the metallic mercury will 
 sublime, and may be collected in 
 a globule. 
 
 Nitrate of silver is distinguished 
 by the formation of a white pre- 
 cipitate, insoluble in nitric acid, 
 with chloride of sodium; a gray 
 precipitate with ammonia, which 
 is redissolved in an excess of am- 
 monia; yellow precipitate with 
 phosphate of soda. The precipi- 
 tate of chloride of silver, obtained 
 by adding muriate of soda to the 
 nitrate of silver, is readily re- 
 duced, and the metallic silver ob- 
 tained, by mixing it with dilute 
 sulphuric acid and granulated zinc. 
 
 The chloride precipitates vege- 
 table colouring matter; also albu- 
 men and gelatin. The white oxide 
 is precipitated from its solution by 
 free alkalies; with sulphuretted 
 hydrogen gas, a brown precipitate. 
 
 A white precipitate is thrown 
 down by the free alkalies from 
 the soluble salts of zinc, which 
 becomes yellow when .strongly 
 heated— recovering its white co- 
 lour on cooling. Sulphuretted 
 hydrogen occasions a wliite pre 
 cipitate. 
 
POISONS 
 
 694 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 Symptoms of irritant poi- 
 soning; pain in the stomach 
 and bowels ; vomiting, diar- 
 rhcea, tenderness and ten- 
 sion of the abdomen. 
 
 An emetic to be prompt- 
 ly administered; copious 
 draujshts containing mag- 
 nesia in suspension ; muci- 
 laginous drinks; general 
 treatment for inflammatory 
 symptoms. 
 
 Phosphorus is known by its 
 ready inflammability, luminous- 
 ness at ordinary temperatures, 
 and alliaceous odour. 
 
 GLASS, or ENA- 
 MEL. 
 
 If taken in very coarse 
 powder, it produces irrita- 
 tion and inflammation of 
 the bowels. 
 
 Largequantilies of crumb 
 of bread should be eaten, to 
 envelop the particle.s. (?) 
 An emetic of sulphate of 
 zinc should then be given, 
 and vomiting be promoted 
 by demulcent drinks. 
 
 
 II. ORGANIC POISONS. 
 
 I. VEGETABLE POISONS. 
 
 Irritant Poisons. 
 
 Anemone Pulsatilla. Wind Flower. 
 
 Arum maculutum. Wake Robin. 
 
 Bryonia dioica. Bryony. 
 
 Caladium seguinium. Dumbcane. 
 
 Calla palvstris. Water Arum. 
 
 Caltha palustris. Marsh Marigold. 
 
 Chelidonium majus. Celandine. 
 
 Clematis vitalba. Virgin Bower. 
 
 Convolvulus 7o?ffly«. Jalap. 
 
 Convolvulus scammonia. Scammony. 
 
 Croton tiglinm. Purging Croton. 
 
 Cucumis colocynthis. Colocynth. 
 
 Cyclamen Europmum. Sow Bread. 
 
 Daphne gnidium. Spurge Flax. 
 
 Daphne mczereum. Mezereon. 
 
 Delphinium slaphisagria. Stavesacre. 
 
 Dioica palustris. Swamp leather-wood. 
 
 Equiseturn hyemale. Scourgrass. 
 
 Euphorbia officinarum. Euphorbium. 
 Spurge. 
 
 Gratiola officinalis. Hedge Hy.=sop. 
 
 Hippomane mancinella. Manchineel. 
 
 Hura crepitans. Sand Box. 
 
 Hydrocotylevulgaris. Marsh Pennywort. 
 
 Jatropha curcas, Indian Nut. 
 
 Jatropha manihot. Cassada. 
 
 Juniperus sabina. Savin (oil of). 
 
 Juniperus Virginiana. BedCedar (oil of ) 
 
 Momordica elalerium. Squirting Cu- 
 cumber. 
 
 Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. Daffodil. 
 
 Pastinax saliva. Common Parsnep. 
 
 Pedicularis palustris. Marsh Lousewort. 
 
 Phytolacca decandra. Poke. 
 
 F'lpeT cubeba. Cubebs. 
 
 Plumbago Europwa. Toothwort. 
 
 Ranunciilus acris, and other species. 
 Crowfoot. 
 
 Rhododendron chrysanthemum. Oleander. 
 
 Ricinus communis. Castor Oil Plant. 
 
 Sambucus cbulus. Elder. 
 
 Sedum acre. Stone Crop. 
 
 Stalagmilis cambogioides. Gamboge. 
 
 Tanacelum vulgare. Tansy (oil of.) 
 
 ACRO-NARCOTIC. 
 
 iEthrisa cynapium. Common Fool's 
 Parsley. 
 
 Aconitum vapellus. Monkshood. 
 
 Agaricus, five species. Mushrooms (poi- 
 sonous). 
 
 Amanita muscaria. Truffles (poisonous). 
 
 Aiiagallis arvensis. Meadow Pimpernel. 
 
 Anda Gomesii. 
 
 Apncynum androsa^mi folium. Dogsbane. 
 
 Aristolochia clematitis. Birthwort. 
 
 Arnica movtana. Leopard's bane. 
 
 Asclepias Syriaca. Swallowwort. 
 
 Atropa bellndortna. Deadly Night Shade. 
 
 .iEsculus Ohioensis. Buckeye. 
 
 Brucea anHdysenterica. False Angus- 
 tiira Bark. 
 
 Cerbera. three species. Cerbera. 
 
 Chaerophyllum sylveslre. Bastard Hem- 
 lock. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 The general effects of this 
 class of vegetable poisons 
 are; — an acrid pungent 
 taste, with more or less of 
 bitterness, excessive heat, 
 great dryness of the mouth 
 and throat, with sense of 
 tightness there ; violent vo- 
 miting, the efforts being 
 continued even after the 
 stomach is emptied ; purg- 
 ing, with great pain in the 
 stomach and bowels ; pulse 
 strong, frequent, and regu- 
 lar; breathing often quick 
 and difficult; appearances 
 of intoxication ; the pupil of 
 the eye frequently dilated, 
 insensibility resembling 
 death ; the pulse becomes 
 slow and loses its force, and 
 death closes the scene. 
 
 If applied externally, 
 many of (hem produce vio- 
 lent inflammation of the 
 skin, with vesications or 
 eruptions of pustules. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 If vomiting have been occasioned by 
 the poison, and the efforts are still con- 
 tinued, they may be rendered easier by 
 large draughts of warm water, or thin 
 gruel ; but if symptoms of insensibility 
 iiave come on without vomiting, it 
 ouiiht to be immediately excited by the 
 sulphate of zinc, or some other active- 
 emetic substance, and after its opera- 
 tion a sharp purgative should be given 
 After as much as possible of the poisorr 
 is got rid of a very strong infusion of 
 coffee, or vinegar diluted with water, 
 may be given with advantage. Cam- 
 phor mixture with ether iiiay be taken 
 frequently, and if insensibility be con- 
 siderable, warmth, frictions, and blis- 
 ters, may be employed. Il' inflamma- 
 tion or other dangerous consequences 
 have been induced, they are to be 
 treated upon seneral principles. 
 
 The fruit of Feiiillea Cordifolia hai 
 been recommended as a powerful an 
 tidote against vegetable poisons; i 
 is to be used in as recent a state as 
 possible. (?) 
 
 N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine 
 are said to be antidotes to the alka- 
 loids generally. 
 
POISONS 
 
 695 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Irritant Poisons. 
 
 Chaiilntia toxicana. Ratbane. 
 
 Chenopodium viurale. VVormseed. 
 
 Ciciita maculata. American Hemlock. 
 
 Cicula.virosa. Waver Hemlock. 
 
 Cissus. Cissus. 
 
 Cncculus Indicus. Fish berries. 
 
 Oolchicum autumnale. Meadow saffron. 
 
 Coniiim maculntum. Hemlock. 
 
 Coriaria myrtifolia. Myrtle-leaved Su- 
 mach. 
 
 Curare. Indian War Poison. 
 
 Cynanchum erectum. Cynanchum. 
 
 Cytisiis laburmim. Laburnum. 
 
 Datura stramonium. Thorn Apple. 
 
 Digitalis pMrpareffl. Foxglove. 
 
 Ersot. See Secale. 
 
 Ervi}m crvilia. Bitter Vetch. 
 
 Gaultheria precumbens. Wintergreen 
 (oil of). 
 
 Haemanthus tozicarius. 
 
 Helleborus niger. Black Hellebore. 
 
 Hvpophyllum sanguinaria. Paddock 
 Stool. 
 
 Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Lathyrus cicera. Lathyrus. 
 
 Laurus camphora. Camphor. 
 
 Lobelia irifiata, Indian Tobacco. 
 
 Lolium temulentum. Darnel. 
 
 MsWa. azederach. Pride of China. ' 
 
 Mercurialis perennis. Mountain Mer- 
 cury. 
 
 Nerum oleander. Common Oleander. 
 
 IVicotiana tabacum. Tobacco. 
 
 CEnatithe crocata. Hemlock Dropwort. 
 
 Passiflora quadrarxgularis. Barbadine. 
 
 Fiscidia erylhrina. Jamaica Dogwood. 
 
 Polygala venenosa (of Java). 
 
 Rhus radicavs. Poison Vine. 
 
 Rhus toxicodendron. Poison oak, or Su- 
 mach. 
 
 Robinia pseudoaeacia. Locust Tree. 
 
 Ruta graveolens. Rue. 
 
 Sansuinaria Canadensis. Blood Eoot. 
 
 Scilla marilima. Squill. Sea Onion. 
 
 Secale comutum.. Ergot. Spurred Rye. 
 
 Sium latifolium. Procumbent Water 
 Parsnep. 
 
 Spigelia Marilandica. Pink Root. 
 
 Strychnos Ignatii. St. Isiiatius's Bean. 
 
 Strychnos tiux vomica. Nux vomica. 
 
 Svmplocarpus/fl!(i(ia. Skunk Cabbage. 
 
 Ticunas. E.\tract of various plants — 
 South America. 
 
 Tieute. Upas Tieuti. Tree of Java, 
 
 Triticum Hybemum. Wheat (diseased.) 
 
 fTpas anliar. Tree in Java. 
 
 V^eratrum albmn. White Hellebore. 
 
 Veratrum viride. American Hellebore, 
 
 Wnorara. War Poison of Guiana. 
 
 Zea mays. Maize (diseased). 
 
 NARCOTIC. 
 Acttea spicata. Baneberry. 
 Amygdalus communis. Bitter Almond. 
 Amysdalus Persica. Peach. 
 Gelseminuni nitidum. Yellow Jessamine. 
 Helonias erytkrosperma. Fly Poison. 
 Hyoscyamus albus. White Henbane. 
 Hyoscyamus niger. Black Henbane. 
 Kalmia lalifolia. Mountain Ivy. 
 Lactuca virosa. Strong-scented Lettuce. 
 Opium, and its proximate principles. 
 Papaver somniferum. Poppy. 
 Paris quadrifolia. Herb Paris. 
 Prunus Caroliniana. Wild Orange. 
 Prunus lauro-cerasus. Cherry Laurel. 
 Prunus nigra. Black Cherry. 
 Prunus pndus. Cluster Cherry. 
 Prunus Virginiana. Wild Cherry. 
 Solaniim dulcamara. Bitter-sweet. 
 Sorbus acuparia.. Mountain Ash. 
 Taxus baccata. Yew. 
 
 POISONOUS MUSHROOMS. 
 Agaricus muscaiius. Fly Agaric. 
 Agaricus piperatus. Pepper Affaric. 
 Agaricus necator. Deadly Agaric. 
 Agaricus bu/bosus. Bulbous Affaric. 
 Agaricus chantarellus. Champisnon. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 The narcotic vegetable 
 poisons, if taken into the 
 stomach or applied to a 
 wound, occasion the follow- 
 ingeffects : — stupor ; numb- 
 ness; heaviness in the head; 
 desire to vomit, slight at 
 first, but afterwards insup- 
 portable; a sort of intoxi- 
 cation, stupid air, pupil of 
 the eye dilated ; furious or 
 lively delirium, sometimes 
 pain; convulsions of dif- 
 ferent parts of the body, or 
 palsy of the limbs. The 
 pulse is variable, but at 
 first generally strong and 
 full ; the breathing is quick, 
 and there is great anxiety 
 and dejection, which, if not 
 speedily relieved, soon ends 
 in death. 
 
 Nausea, heat, and pain 
 in the stomach and bowels, 
 with vomiting and purging, 
 thirst; convulsions, and 
 faintings; pulse small and 
 frequent ; delirium ; dilated 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 The stomach to be effectually evacu- 
 ated, by giving four or five grains of 
 tartar en)etic, or from ten to twenty 
 of the sulphate of zinc, repeated every 
 quarter of an hour, till the full effect is 
 produced. These means may be assisted 
 by tickling the throat with a feather or 
 the finger. Large and strong glysters 
 of soap dissolved in water, or of salt 
 and gruel, should be speedily adminis- 
 tered, to clear the bowels, and assist in 
 getting rid of the poison ; and active 
 purgatives may be given after the vo- 
 miting has ceased. When as much as 
 possible of the poison has been ex- 
 pelled, the patient may drink, alter-! 
 nately, a tea-cupful of strong hot infu- 1 
 siou of coffee, and vinegar diluted with . 
 water. If the drowsiness, which is! 
 sometimes extreme, and the insensi- 
 bility bordering on apoplexy, be not ; 
 remedied by these means, blood may be j 
 taken from the jugular vein, lilistersj 
 may be applied to the neck and legs,] 
 and the attention be roused by every j 
 means possible. If the heat declines,] 
 warmth and frictions must be perse- 
 veringly used. Vegetable acids are on 
 no account to be civen before the poi- 
 son is expelled, and it is desirable that 
 but little fluid of any kind should be 
 administered. 
 
 N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine 
 are said to be antidotes to the alkaloids 
 generally 
 
 The stomach and bowels to be cleared 
 by an emetic of tartarized antimony, 
 followed by frequent doses of Glauber's j 
 or Epsom salt, and large, slimulatins ^ 
 glysters. After the poison is evacuated, I 
 ether may be administered, with smal.. 
 
POISONS 
 
 696 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 TRE.4.TMENT. 
 
 
 pupil, and stupor; cold 
 sweats, and death. 
 
 Poisonous muslirconis 
 may be distinguished from 
 the edible by their botanical 
 characters, and by the fol- 
 lowing criteria. The for- 
 mer grow in wet, shady 
 places, have a nauseous 
 odour ; are softer, more 
 open, and porous; have a 
 dirty-looking surface, some- 
 times a gaudy colour, or 
 many very distinct hues, 
 particularly if they have 
 been covered with an enve- 
 lope ; they have soft, bul- 
 bous stalks, grow rapidly, 
 and corrupt very quickly. 
 
 quantities of brandy and water; but 
 if inflammatory symptoms manifest 
 themselves, such stimuli should be 
 omitted, and other appropriate means 
 be had recourse to. 
 
 2. 
 
 ANIMAL POISONS. 
 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 TRE-4.TMENT. 
 
 POISONOUS FISH. 
 Balistes monoceros. Old wife. 
 Cancer astacus. Crawfish. 
 Cancer mricolus. Land Crab. 
 Clupea thryssa. Yellow-billed Sprat. 
 Coracinus/uscus major. Gray Snapper. 
 Coracinus minor. Hyne. 
 Coryphaena splendems. Dolphin. 
 Mormyra. Blue Parrot Fish. 
 Mursena major. Conger Eel. 
 Mvtilus edulis. Mussel. 
 Ostracion^-ZofreMam. SmoothBottleFisb. 
 ; Ferca major. Barracuda. 
 
 ■ Perca veiienosa. Grooper. 
 
 \ Perca venenata. Rock Fish. 
 jPhysalia. Portuguese Man of War. 
 i Scomber caruleus. Spanish Mackerel. 
 ' Scomber maximus. King Fish. 
 
 ■ Scomber thynnus. Bonetta. 
 j Sparus chrysops. Porgee. 
 \TelroAon scderatus. Tunny. 
 
 Tetrodon ocellatus. Blower. 
 
 In an hour or two, or 
 often in a much shorter 
 time, after the fish has 
 been eaten, a weight at the 
 stomach comes on, with 
 slight vertigo and headache, 
 sense of heat about the 
 head and eyes, considerable 
 thirst, and often an erup- 
 tion of the skin (urticaria), 
 and in many eases death. 
 
 An emetic should be speedily adminis- 
 tered, or, in the absence of it, vomiting 
 may be excited, by tickling the throat 
 with the finger, and taking large 
 draughts of warm water. After full vo- 
 miting, an active purgative should be 
 given, 10 remove any of the noxious 
 matter that may have found its way 
 into the intestines. Vinegar and water 
 may be drunk after the above remedies 
 have operated, and the body may be 
 sponged with the same. Water, made 
 very sweet with sugar, to which ether 
 may be added, may be drunk freely as a 
 corrective, and a very weak solution of 
 alkali has been recommended to obviate 
 the eflfects of the poison. If spasm 
 ensue; after evacuations, laudanum, in 
 considerable doses, is necessary. If in- 
 flammation should occur, the usual means 
 of removing it must be employed. 
 
 POISONOUS SERPENTS. 
 Boa CTOtaloidcs. Copperhead. 
 Cenchris mockeson. Mockeson. 
 Cerastes nasicomis. Horned Viper of 
 
 Western Africa. 
 Coluber bents. Viper. 
 1 Coluber prester. Black Viper. 
 ; Crotalus, (5 species ) Rattle Snake 
 Scy tale piscivwras. Water Viper. 
 
 A sharp pain in the 
 wounded part, which soon 
 extends over the limb or 
 body; great swelling, at 
 first hard and pale, then 
 reddish, livid, and gangre- 
 nous in appearance; faint- 
 ings, vomitings, convul- 
 sions, and sometimes jaun- 
 dice; pulse small, frequent, 
 and irregular; breathing 
 difficult, cold sweats, the 
 sight fails, and the intel- 
 lectual faculties are de- 
 ranged. Inflammation, and 
 often extensive suppura- 
 tion and gangrene, followed 
 by death. 
 
 A cupping-glass to be applied over the 
 wound, or a moderately tight ligature 
 above the bites, and the wound left to 
 bleed after being well washed with warm 
 water; the actual cautery, lunar caustic, 
 or butter of antimony, to he then applied 
 freely to it, and afterwards covered with 
 lint, dipped in equal parts of olive oil and 
 spirit of hartshorn. The ligature to be 
 removed if the inflammation be consi- 
 derable. Warm, diluting drinks, and 
 small doses of ammonia or hartshorn, to 
 cause perspiration ; the patient to be 
 wellcovered in bed, and a little warm wine 
 given occasionally. If gangrene be threat- 
 ened, wine may be given more freely, and 
 the bark should be had recourse to, ,Arse-. 
 nic, the principal ingredient in the Tan- 
 jore Pill, has been strongly recommended. 
 
 CANTHARI3 VESFCATORIA. 
 Spanish, or Blistering Fly. 
 Lytta vittaia. Potato Fly. 
 
 Nauseous odour of the 
 breath; acrid taste; burn- 
 ing heat in the throat, sto- 
 mach, and abdomen ; fre- 
 quent vomitings, often 
 bloody, with copious bloody 
 stools; excruciating pain in 
 the stomach; painful and 
 obstinate priapism, with 
 heat in the bladder, and 
 strangury or retention of 
 urine; frishtful convul- 
 sions, delirium and death. 
 
 Vomiting to be excited by drinking 
 sweet oil, sugar and water, milk, or lin- 
 seed tea, very freely. Emollient glys- 
 , ters should he administered, and if 
 symptoms of inflammation of the sto- 
 mach, kidney, or bladder supervene, 
 they must be subdued by appropriate 
 treatment. 
 
 Camphor dissolved in oil may be 
 rubbed over the belly and the thighs. 
 
 VENOMOUS INSECTS 
 
 larantuld. 
 
 Scorpio. Scorpion. 
 
 Vespa crahro. Hornet. 
 
 Vespa vulearis. Wasu 
 
 Apis mellifica. Bee. 
 ',Cii]ey pipicns. Gnm. 
 1 CEstrus ftocis. Gad-fly 
 
 In general, the sting of 
 these insfolsoa-nsions only 
 a slight degree of pain and 
 swelling; but occasionally 
 the symptoms are more vio- 
 lent, and sickness and fever 
 are produced by the inten- 
 sity of the pain. 
 
 Hartshorn and oil may he rubbed on 
 the aflixted pnrt, and a piece of rag, 
 moistened in the same, or in salt and 
 water, wny be kept upon it till the pain 
 is removed, A few drops of hartshorn 
 may be given frequently in a little water, 
 and a glass or two of wine may be taken. 
 The sling may, in general, be removed 
 by making strong pressure around it 
 with the barrel of a small watch-key. 
 
POISON 
 
 697 
 
 POLIUM 
 
 SALIVA OP THE RABID DOG. 
 
 At an uncertain interval 
 after the bile, generally, 
 however, between the 
 twentieth day and three or 
 four months, pain or unea- 
 siness occurs in the bitten 
 part, though the wound 
 may have been long healed. 
 Anxiety, uneasiness, lan- 
 guor, spasms, horror, dis- 
 turbed sleep, difficult respi- 
 ration succeed, and are 
 soon very much increased ; 
 violent convulsions affect 
 the whole body, hideously 
 distorting the muscles of 
 the face; the eyes are red 
 and protruded, the tongue 
 swells and often hangs out, 
 and viscid saliva flows from 
 the mouth; there is pain in 
 the stomach, with bilious 
 vomitings, a horror of fluids, 
 and impossibility of drink- 
 ing them. All these symp- 
 toms are aggravated till the 
 sufferer is relieved by death. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 Hydrophobia is more easily prevented 
 than cured ; indeed, it is doubted whe- 
 ther it ever has been cured. Mercury, 
 arsenic, opium, musk, camphor, acids, 
 wine, vegetable and mineral alkali, oil, 
 various herbs, and many other reme- 
 dies whose effects are quite opposite, 
 have been employed, but none can be 
 relied on. Large blood-lettings, the 
 warm and cold bath, and almost every 
 other remedial agent, have been tried 
 without success. 
 
 The bitten part should be completely 
 cut out, even after it has healed, if the 
 symptoms have not yet come on ; the 
 part should then be immersed in warm 
 water, or be washed with it as long as it 
 will bleed, and, after the most perse- 
 vering ablution, caustic should be ap- 
 plied to every part of the surface, and 
 then the wound covered with a poultice, 
 and suffered to heal by granulation. 
 
 No milder discipline can ensure safety. 
 
 The most energetic poisons are used therapeu- 
 tically, and often with considerable advantage. 
 They have, of course, to be administered in ex- 
 tremely small doses ; to avoid producing poi- 
 soning. 
 
 PoisoJf, Arrow, see Arrow poison — p. Sausage, 
 AUantotoxicum. 
 
 POISON-BERRY TREE, Melia azedarach— 
 p. Italian, Liquor arsenicalis — p. Morbid, Virus 
 — p. Oak, Rhus toxicodendron — p. Root, Cieuta 
 maculata — p. Vegetable, Upas — p. Vine, Rhus 
 radicans. 
 
 POISONING, Venefic"ium, Toxiea'tio, Intoxi- 
 cn'tio, Entoxis'mus, Entoxicis'mus, Pharmacei'a, 
 Jfalefic" imn, Venena'tion, (F.) Empoisonnement, 
 Intoxication. The art of applying a poisonous 
 substance to any of the textures in a dose capa- 
 ble of occasioning more or less serious symp- 
 toms. Rigorously speaking, therefore, if a phy- 
 sician, in treating any case, employs a deleterious 
 medicine in a small dose, which, owing to parti- 
 cular circumstances, produces unpleasant symp- 
 toms, he may be said to have poisoned. The 
 term is, however, generally restricted to poison- 
 ing by design. 
 
 ''oisoning has also been used, Iiy a few, to de- 
 r ,)te the series of symptoms resembling those 
 produced by certain poisons, which occasionally 
 follow the use of substances that are generally 
 innoxious. Overloading the stomach with indi- 
 gestible food, has, for example, given occasion to 
 symptoms resembling those produced by a nar- 
 cotic poison, and the effect has been termed ^oi- 
 toning. 
 
 Secret poisoning was, at one time, practised as 
 an art. It consisted in administering medicines, 
 which should act as slow poisons, and gradually 
 undermine the strength and life. Its agency was 
 far from being so extensive as was imagined. 
 
 POI'SONOUS, Tox'ical, Nox'iua ; having the 
 qualities of a poison. 
 
 POISONS, ACRO-NARCOTIC, P. narcotico- 
 acrid — p. Corrosive, P. acrid — p. Escharotic, P. 
 acrid — p. Irritating, P. acrid — p. Putrescent, P. 
 septic. 
 
 POITRTNATRR, Phthisicus, 
 
 POITRINE, Thorax. 
 
 POIVRE B'EAU, Polygonum hydropiper— 
 p. de Gvinee, Capsicum annuum — p. d'Inde, Cap- 
 eicum annuum — p. de Jamaiqite, see Myrtus pi- 
 
 menta — p. Long, Piper longum — p. Noir, Piper 
 nigrum — p. Petit, Vitex — p. d Queue, Piper cu- 
 beba — p. Sauvage, Vitex. 
 
 POIX BLANCHE, see Pinus abies— jo. de 
 Bottrgogne, see Pinus abies — p. Grasse, see Pinus 
 abies -^p. Jaime, see Pinus abies — p. Minerale, 
 Pissasphaltum — p. Navale, see Pinus sylvestris 
 — p. Noire, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 POKE, Phytolacca decandra — p. Indian, Ve- 
 ratrum viride — p. Stink, Dracontium foetidum — • 
 p. Weed, Phytolacca decandra, Veratrum viride. 
 POLANIS'IA GRA'VEOLENS, Clammy iceed, 
 Stinkweed, Worm-weed, Clammy JIfustard, False 
 mnstard. An indigenous plant, Nat. Ord. Cap- 
 paridese ; Sex. Syst. Dodecandria Monogynia — 
 which blossoms in summer, and is found in every 
 part of North America. To the whole plant have 
 been ascribed anthelmintic properties. 
 
 POLECAT WEED, Dracontium foetidum. 
 POLEMO'NIUM REPTANS, False Jacob's 
 Ladder, Greek Vale'rian, Sweat-root. Order, 
 Polemoniacese ; indigenous, flowering in May ; 
 has been used as a diaphoretic and expectorant. 
 POLENTA, Alphiton. 
 POLES, Chalazffi. 
 
 POLEY MOUNTAIN, OF CANDY, Teucrium 
 Creticum — p. Mountain of Montpelier, Teucrium 
 capitatum. 
 
 POLIATER, from iroXiy, 'a town,' and larpos, 'a 
 physician.' A physician exercising his profession 
 in a town, by the appointment of the government. 
 — Castelli. 
 
 POLICE', MED'ICAL, Politi'a med'ica, Pali- 
 tobiotherapi' a, Medici'na polit'ica. State med'i- 
 cine, Polit'ical med'icine. Hygienic rules estab- 
 lished, or to be established, for the prevention of 
 disease, and to contribute to the progress of me- 
 dicine. The salubrity of districts, especially dur- 
 ing the existence of spreading disease, is greatly 
 ensured by an efficient medical police. 
 
 POLICLIN'ICA, from TroAif, 'a town,' and 
 
 kXivyj, 'a bed.' Treatment of diseases in a town. 
 
 POLIO'SIS, Tricho'sis polio'sis, Spilo'sis poli- 
 
 o'sis, Canit"ie8. Hair prematurely gray or hoary. 
 
 The state of becoming gray. 
 
 POLITIA MEDICA, Police, medical. 
 POLITOBIOTHERAPIA, Police, medicaL 
 POLIUM Capitatum, Teucrium capi. 
 tatum. 
 
POLIUM 
 
 698 
 
 POLYGONUM 
 
 POLIUM CRETICUM, Teucrium Creticum— 
 p. Montanum, Teucrium capitatum. 
 
 POLLEX, (L.) Pollen, Pollis, Tta\rj, 'dust.' 
 The fecundating dust contained in the anthers of 
 floT^ers, which is dispersed on the stigma. 
 
 POLLEX, An'ticheir, Prom'anus, Di(j"itu8 pri- 
 tnna seu marjnus, from pollere, 'to have much 
 Strength.' (F.) Pouce. The first of the fingers 
 in size and strength. It is asserted that the term 
 poltroon is derived from Pol' lice trunea'to ; — the 
 Komans who were desirous of heing exempted 
 from, military service being accustomed to cut off 
 the thumb, and thus render themselves unfit to 
 handle arms. 
 
 PoLLEX, see Digitus. 
 
 PoLLEX Pedis, Ilallv.s, Hallux. The great toe. 
 
 POLLINC'TOR, Pollinc'ter, (L.) In antiquity, 
 an anointer, dresser, or embalmer of the dead. 
 
 POLLINCTURA, Embalming. 
 
 POLLIS, Pollen. 
 
 POLLOD'IC, Pollod'icus ; from ttoXvs, 'many,' 
 and 'o&os, 'a way.' An epithet proposed by Dr. 
 Marshall Hall for a course of nervous action pro- 
 ceeding from one point in many directions to 
 every other. 
 
 POLLOM, LITTLE, Polygala paucifolia. 
 
 POLLU'TION, Pollu'tio, from pollno, 'I pro- 
 fane.' The excretion of the seminal liquor or 
 sperm at other times than during coition. When 
 occasioned by a voluntary act, it is called simply 
 Pollution or Masturbation ; when excited during 
 sleep, by lascivious dreams, it takes the name 
 Nocturnal pollution, Exoneiro'sis, Oneirog'moa, 
 Oneirog'onos, Oneirogonorrhoe'n, Exoneirog' mus, 
 Spermatoclem' ma, Spermatoclep' sis, Spermatolejj' - 
 eis, Spjermatolip'sis, Gonorrhoea dormien'tium, G. 
 oneirog'onos, G. vera, G. libidino'sa, Proflu'vium 
 eem'inis, Spermatorrha' a, Paronir'ia salax, Night 
 pollution, (F.) Pollution involontaire. 
 
 POLLUTION INVOLONTAIRE, Pollution 
 — p. Nocturnal, Pollution — p. Self, Masturbation 
 . — p. Voluntary, Masturbation. 
 
 POLY, Polys, ttoXd;, 'many, full.' Hence: 
 
 POLYACTIUM TRISTE, Pelargonium triste. 
 
 POLY^MIA, Plethora. 
 
 POLY^MIC, Plethoric. 
 
 POLYiEMICUS, Plethoric. 
 
 POLYANH^MIA, Anaemia. 
 
 POLYANHEMIE, Ansemia. 
 
 POLYANTH'ES TUBERO'SA, Amarueaehu. 
 The root is cut into slips and laid upon the bites 
 of serpents by the Peruvian Indians. 
 
 POLYBLEN'NIA, from no'Xvi, 'much,' and 
 fiKcvva, 'mucus.' Excessive secretion of mucus. 
 
 POLYBREPHIA, Pregnancy, complex. 
 
 P0LYCARP'j3E, from TroAuy, 'many,' and Kap- 
 TToj, ' fruit.' A division of cutaneous diseases of 
 the family Eczematosen, of Fuchs, including 
 Psoriasis, Lichen, Herpes, and Impetigo. 
 
 POLY'CERAS, from TroXuf, 'many,' and xepaf, 
 ' horn.' A monstrous animal having many horns. 
 ~ Gurlt. 
 
 POLYCHO'LIA, Pericho'lia, Eypercho'lia, 
 from jroXuf, ' much,' and XoAjj, ' bile.' Superabun- 
 dance of bile ; such as is supposed to exist in 
 bilious fevers. 
 
 POLYCHREST'US, from ttoXu?, 'much,' and 
 \pri(rTo;, 'useful.' Having many virtues. An 
 ancient name for certain medicines considered to 
 te useful in many diseases. 
 
 POLYCHRONIUS, Chronic. 
 
 POLYCHY'LIA, from ttoXv;, 'much,' and ;^uXoj, 
 'juice.' Polychy'mia. Fulness of juices. 
 
 POLYCHYMIA, Polychylia — p. Sanguinea, 
 Plethora 
 
 POLYGLIN'ICA; from jroXuf, 'much,' and 
 
 K\ivri, 'bed.' Provided with many beds; — as an 
 hospital. 
 
 POLYCOR'IA, from roXus, and kooi^, 'the pu- 
 pil.' The state in which there is more than one 
 pupil. — Von Ammon. 
 
 POLYCYE'SIA,Pci??/c?/e'«?'s, from ttoXuj, 'many,' 
 and Kvriati, 'pregnancy.' Frequent or quickly re- 
 curring pregnancies : also, compound pregnancy. 
 
 POLYDAC'TYLUS, Perissodac' tylvs, from 
 TToXuj, ' many,' and iaKTv\os, ' a finger.' One who 
 has a supernumerary finger or fingers, or toes. 
 
 POLYDIP'SIA, from ttoX-jj, 'much,' and o'li^i?, 
 'thirst;' Sitis morho'sa seu inten'sa, Polypo'sia, 
 Dipso'sis avens, Excessive thirst, (F.) Soi/ exces- 
 sive. A constant desire for drinking, with a sense 
 of dryness in the mouth and throat. It is mostly 
 symptomatic of fever, inflammation, dropsy, ex- 
 cessive discharges, &c., and is so much a part of 
 diabetes, that it has been called Polydipsia. 
 
 POLYG'ALA, from n-oXuj, 'much,' and ya^ia, 
 'milk;' P.vidga'ris, Common Ifilkwort. Family, 
 Rhinanthoidets. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Octandria. 
 The leaves are bittei-, and are used in the same 
 cases as the polj'gala amara. 
 
 Polygala Aiia'ra, P, amarel'la seu vnlga'ris, 
 Bitter Milkioort. A powerful bitter ; and, conse- 
 quently, tonic. Its reputed virtues are balsamic, 
 demulcent, and corroborant. The Polygola ru~ 
 hel'la, or Bitter Polygala of the United States, 
 has the same virtues. 
 
 Polygala Amarblla, P. amara — p. 'Bitter, 
 see P. amara — p. Grandifiora, P. senega. 
 
 Polyg'ala Paucifo'lia, Triclisper'ma grait- 
 dijlo'ra, Bioarf Milkwort, Little Pollom, Ever- 
 green Snakeroot, (F.) Polygale naine, possesses 
 the same properties as P. Senega. 
 
 Polyg'ala Sen'ega, P. Virginia'na seu gran- 
 dijlo'ra, Sen'eka, Rattlesnake Milkivort, Senega 
 or Rattlesnake root, (F.) Polygale de Virginie on 
 de Seneka. The bark is the active part of the 
 root. Its taste is at first acrid, and afterwards 
 very hot and pungent. It was once esteemed to 
 be specific against the poison of the rattlesnake 
 and in pleurisy, pneumonia, &o., after the inflam- 
 matory action had been got under. It has been 
 given also in humoral asthma, chronic rheuma- 
 tism, dropsy, croup, amenorrhoea, <fcc. Accord- 
 ing to Peschier, it contains three particular prin- 
 ciples, Polyg'aline or Sen'egine, Isol'vsine, and 
 Polyg'alic Acid. Dose, gr. 30 to 40 of the powder. 
 
 Polygala Serpenta'ria. A shrub of Caffra- 
 ria, the root of which is considered by the natives 
 as a sure antidote against the bites of venomous 
 serpents. 
 
 Polygala Virginiana, P. senega — p. Vulga- 
 ris, P. amara. 
 
 POLYGALACTIA, Polyga'lia, from ttoAuj, 
 ' much,' and yaXa, ' milk.' Superabundant secre- 
 tion of milk ; galactia. 
 
 POLYGALE NAINE, Polygala paucifolia— 
 p. de Virginie, Polygala Virginiana. 
 
 POLYGALIA, Polygalactia. 
 
 POLYGALINE, see Polygala senega. 
 
 POLYGONATUM, ConVallaria polygonatum 
 — p. Anceps, Convallaria polygonatum — p. Mul- 
 tiflorum, Convallaria multiflora — p. Uniflorum, 
 Convallaria polygonatum — p. Vulgare, Convalla- 
 ria polygonatum. 
 
 POLYG'ONUM, P. avieula're, from iroXv!, 
 'much,' and yovT], 'seed.' P. centino'dium seu 
 erec'tum, Ceutino'dia, Centumno'dia, Bindweed, 
 Sanguina'lis Corrig"iola, Sunguina'ria, Knot- 
 grass, Knotweed, (F.) Renouee, Trainasse, Centi- 
 node. Family, Polygoneije. Sex. Syst. Octandria 
 Trigynia. This grass is said to be a feeble astrui'* 
 gent. 
 
 PoLYGON0M Acre, P. bydropiper. 
 
POLYGROMA 
 
 699 
 
 POLYPOUS 
 
 PoiiTGONUJI BiSTOR'tA, P. histortoV des, Biator- 
 ta, Coluhrina, 0_fflc"inal Bistort, Great Bistort or 
 Snakeweed. The root is a powerful astringent 
 and tonic ; and, as such, has been used in in- 
 ternal hemorrhage, atonic diarrhoea, ague, &e. 
 Dose, gr. xv to gj. 
 
 Polygonum Bistortoides, P.bistorta — p. Cen- 
 tinodium, P. avieulare. 
 
 Polygonum Divarica'tuji; Eastern Buck- 
 wheat plant. The roots, reduced to a coarse meal, 
 are said to be much used as an article of diet by 
 the Siberians. 
 
 Polygonum Erectum, P. avieulare. 
 
 Polygonum Fagop'yrum, Farjop'yrum, F. 
 esndent'um, Trit'icuin Fagi' num, Buckwheat, (F.) 
 Sarrasin, Ble noir. The grain of this plant con- 
 stitutes a principal article of food with the inha- 
 bitants of Russia, Germany, and Switzerland. 
 It is much used in the United States. 
 
 Polygonum Hydrop'iper, P. acre, Hydropi- 
 J>er, Persica'riu urens, Mercu'rius terres'tris. Poor 
 Man's Pepper, Biting Arse-smart, Lakeweed, 
 Water-pepper, (F.) Poivre d'eaii. The leaves of 
 this plant have an acrid, burning taste, and re- 
 semble those of the arum. They have been re- 
 commended as possessing antiseptic, aperient, 
 and diuretic virtues. The fresh leaves have 
 been applied externally as a stimulating cata- 
 plasm. 
 
 Polygonum Hydropiperoides, P. punctatum. 
 
 Polygonum Persica'ria, Persicaria, P. minor 
 seu mitis, Plumbn'go, Arse-smart, (F.) Persicaire 
 douce. This plant is said to possess vulnerary 
 and antiseptic qualities. It has been given in 
 wine to arrest gangrene. 
 
 Polygonum Puncta'tum, P. hydropiperoVdes, 
 Water jpepper of Ammca., Smartweed, possesses 
 similar properties to Pol3'gonum hydropiper, and 
 is occasionally used internally in gravel, and ex- 
 ternally in chronic ulcers. A fluidrachm of the 
 saturated tincture has been extolled in amenor- 
 rhoea. 
 
 Polyg'onum Yirginia'num, Wand-spiked Per- 
 sica'ria Virgin'ia Bistort; indigenous; is astrin- 
 gent, diuretic, and tonic. 
 
 POLYGROMA Staphyloma. 
 
 POLYHI'DRIA, Pohji'dria, Polyidro'sis, from 
 TToX'jf, 'much,' and 'iSpias, 'sweat.' Excessive 
 sweating. 
 
 POLYHYDRIA, Hydrops. 
 
 POLYHYPERH^MIA, Plethora. 
 
 POLYIDRIA, Polyhidria. 
 
 POLYIDROSIS, Polyhidria. 
 
 POLYLYMPHIA, Anasarca. 
 
 POLYMASTH'US, Pleiomas'thm, from tto)<v;, 
 'many,' and liaa^o;, 'breast.' A monster having 
 several breasts. — Gurlt. The condition has been 
 called Polyma'zia, and Pleioma' zia. 
 
 POLYMAZIA, see Polymasthus. 
 
 POLYMERIA, Polymerismus — p. Promiscua 
 translativa. Transposition of the viscera. 
 
 POLYMERIS'MUS, Polymer'ia, from ttoXdj, 
 'much,' and //£po;, 'apart.' A monstrosity, which 
 consists in the existence of supernumerary organs; 
 as a sixth finger of the hand, 
 
 POLYNEURON, Plantago. 
 
 POLYOP'SIA, Pol'yopy, from ttoXdj, 'much,' 
 And oi/zij, 'sight.' Vision is so called, when mul- 
 tiple. 
 
 POLYOPY, Polyopsia. 
 
 POLYOREX'IA, from woXuf, 'much,' and optfif, 
 'appetite.' Excessive appetite or hunger. A 
 genus in the gastroses of M. Alibert. 
 
 POLYPE'RIA, from n-oAuf, 'much,' and -rtipoq, 
 ' mutilated.' Congenital misconstruction of va- 
 rious parts or organs. — Good. 
 
 POLYPHA'GIA, Ilultivoran'tia, from iroXvy, 
 ♦much,' and jiaym, 'I eat.' Voracity. Faculty 
 
 of eating or subsisting on many kinds of food. 
 See Boulimia. 
 
 POLYPH'AGOUS. RelatiBg or appertaining 
 to polj'phagia. 
 
 POiiYPHARMACI'A, Polyphatm'acy ; from 
 roXuf, 'much,' and ipapfiaKov, 'a medicine.' The 
 prescribing of too many medicines. A prescrip- 
 tion, consisting of a number of medicines ; hence 
 the name Polyphar'macus, given to one who is 
 in the habit of prescribing a number of medicines, 
 and whose prescriptions are loaded with ingre- 
 dients. The term is taken in bad part. 
 
 POLYPHYSIA, Flatulence. 
 
 POLYPIFORM CONCRETIOXS, see Polypus. 
 
 POLYPIONIA, see Polysarcia — p. Infantum, 
 see Polysarcia. 
 
 POLYPLAS'TIC, Polyplas'ticvs, from jroAvs, 
 'much,' and TrXaanu), 'I form.' That which has 
 many shapes. 
 
 PoLYPLASTic Element, in histology, is one 
 which does not retain its primary shape ; but un- 
 dergoes transformation into others. — Gerber. 
 
 POLYPODI'TES. Wine impregnated with 
 polypody. 
 
 POLYPO'DIUM, P. Yidga're, P. Virginia' mim 
 scu pinnatif'idum, Filic'ulu dulcis, Commoii Pol'- 
 ypody. Fern root. Pock Brake, Brake root. This 
 fern grows in the clefts of rocks, walls, &c., in 
 both hemispheres. It was formerly regarded as 
 a cholagogue, and was given in head diseases. It 
 is not used now. 
 
 PoLYPODiuM Adiantiforme, See Calagual.-B 
 radix — p. Ammifolium, see Calagualse radix 
 — p. Argenteum, see Calagualfe radix — p. Ca- 
 laguala, Calagualae radix — p. Coriaceum, see 
 Calagualaj radix — p. Dentatum, Asplenium filix 
 foemina — p. Filix foemina, Asplenium filix fcemina. 
 
 Polypo'dium Filix Mas, As^yid'iwn Filix Mas, 
 A. depas'tum seu ero'sum, Filix pinnn'ta, Pterin, 
 Athyr'ium Filix Mas, Blechnon, Polyrrhi'zon, 
 Blancnon Oriba'sii, Lonchi'tis, Filic'ula, Male 
 Polypody or Fern, Filix mas, F. non ramo'sa 
 denta'ta, Nephro'dinni crena'tum, J^. Filix mas, 
 Polys' ti^um caUip'teris, P. filix mas, (F.) Foxigere 
 male. Nat. Ord. Filices. Sex. ,Syst. Cryptoga- 
 mia Filices. The rhizoma of this plant has been 
 much extolled as an anthelmintic, and in cases 
 of ttenia. It was the basis of a once celebrated 
 remedy — Madame Nonffer's, but, perhaps, more 
 of the efficacy was to be attributed to the active 
 purgatives by which it was followed than to the 
 fern. Dose, ^ij to ^iij of the powdered solid part 
 of the root ; followed in the morning by a strong 
 cathartic of camboge or jalap. An ethereal ex- 
 tract has been proposed by Dr. Pesehier, of Geneva. 
 
 Polypo'dium Inca'num, Pol' ypody. Rock 
 Brake; indigenous; has been considered demul- 
 cent, cathartic and anthelmintic. 
 
 Polypo'dium Incisum, Asplenium filix foemina 
 — p. Molle, Asplenium filix foemina — p. Pennati- 
 fidum, P. vulgare — p. Politum, see Calagualaa 
 radix — p. Trifidum, Asplenium filix foemina — p. 
 Virginianum, P. vulgare — p. Vulgare, Polypo- 
 dium. 
 
 POLYPODY, Polypodium incanum— p. Com- 
 mon, Polypodium vulgare — p. Male, Polypodium 
 filix mas. 
 
 POL'YPOID, PolypoVdes ; from polypus, and 
 £i5of, 'form.' Having the shape of, or resembling, 
 a polypus. 
 
 POLYPORUS IGNIARIUS, Boletus igniarius 
 — p. Officinalis, Boletus laricis. 
 
 POLYPOSIA, ■Rot^vTToai.a, from ttoXu?, 'much,' 
 andTToo-if, 'drink.' Great thirst — desire for drink. 
 Polydipsia. 
 
 POLYPOUS, Polypo'sus : same etymon as the 
 next. Relating, or belonging to, or rescuibling 
 polypus. 
 
POLYPUS 
 
 700 
 
 P0M3IADE 
 
 POL'YPUS, PfeudometamorpJio'sia polypo'sa, 
 from TToXvi, ' many,' and irov;, ' a foot.' A name 
 given to tumours, which occur in mucous mem- 
 branes especially; and which have been compared 
 to certain zoophytes. Polypi may form on every 
 mucous membrane. They are most commonly 
 observed in the nasal fossae, pharynx, and uterus; 
 more rarely in .the stomach, intestines, bronchial 
 tubes, bladder, and meatus auditorius externus. 
 They vary much in size, number, mode of adhe- 
 sion, and intimate nature. Accordingly, they 
 have received various appellations ; mucous, soft, 
 vesic'ular, when their substance has been soft, 
 spongy, vesicular, and, as it were, gorged with 
 fluid. Others have been called hard; and these 
 have been distinguished into ^6?-oj(s ov flesTiy, and 
 into scirrhous or cancerous. Fibrous polj'pi, 
 Pol'ypijibro'si, Tnopol'ypt, are of a dense, compact 
 texture, and whitish colour. They contain few 
 vessels, and do not degenerate into cancer. The 
 scirrhous or carcinom'atous are true cancerous 
 tumours, painful and bleeding. They present all 
 the pathological changes which belong to cancer- 
 ous afieetions, and the prognosis is of course un- 
 favourable. 
 
 The mode of treating polypi must differ ac- 
 cording to their character. The means used to 
 destroy them have been, 1. To subject them to 
 the action of certain astringent powders or solu- 
 tions, to obtain their resolution. 2. Cauterization 
 or the application of the actual cautery or caus- 
 tics. 3. Excision or ablation with a cutting in- 
 strument. 4. Extirpation with the fingers or with 
 the polypus forceps. 5. A ligature, put round 
 them so as to prevent their nutrition. A seton 
 has, also, been sometimes used to gradually de- 
 stroy the pedicle. 
 
 The term Polypi, Pseudopol'ypi, Cardi'tis po- 
 It/po'sn, Pol'ypiform Concre'tiorts, (F.) Concretions 
 jxilypeuses ou polypiformes on sanguines du Cceur, 
 Hemucardioplasties, (Piorry,) has likewise been 
 applied to collections of blood — fibrinous concre- 
 tions — found in the heart or great vessels after 
 dissolution. These were once, erroneously, re- 
 garded as morbid. The presence of these con- 
 cretions may be suspected, when in the course of 
 an acute or chronic affection of the heart, or at 
 the close of chronic diseases in general — especially 
 those of the lungs — the heart's action becomes 
 suddenly tumultuous, obscure, and accompanied 
 with a soft bellows' murmur, whilst the general 
 symptoms indicate the effects of obstructed circu- 
 lation. The right cavities are most frequently 
 affected. 
 
 Pol'ypus Bronchia'lis, Bronchlemmi'tis, 
 Bronchi'ti's membrana'cea, B. plastic, Bronchial 
 Croup, Chronic Croup (?) Pseudo-mem' hranoiis 
 Bronchitis. A membraniform secretion in the 
 bronchial tubes of a diphtheritic character, having 
 the shape, when unexpectorated, of the bronchia. 
 It is the result of inflammation of the lining 
 membrane of those tubes. 
 
 Polypus Carnosus, Sarcoma — p. Fibrosus, see 
 Polypus — p. Uteri, Metropolypus. 
 
 POLYRRHIZON, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 POLYRRH(EA, Profluvium. 
 
 POLYS AR 'CIA, Poly sarco' sis, from ttoXv?, 
 'much,' and capf, 'flesh.' Carnos'itas, Polyso- 
 rna'tia, Adelipa'ria, Corpulen'tia, Steati'tes. Ex- 
 cessive corpulency. Authors have distinguished 
 two varieties of this: — Polysarcia Carno'sa, 
 Cor'pnlency, and P. Adipo'sa, Polypio'nia, Pi- 
 melo'sis nim'ia. Pachys'mus, Pachyn'sis, Ohes'itas, 
 Hyperpim'elc, Lipa'ria, Adipo'sis, Polysar'cia 
 faginc'sa^ Empyme'lium polysar'cia, Baryso'mia, 
 Barysomat'ica, Lipo'sis, Lipar'otcs, Lipas'ma, 
 Pinguitu'do, Pin'guitude, Obea'ity, (F.) ObSsitS, 
 Embonpoint excess!/. A severe regimen and ex- 
 
 ercise are the best preventives. Children are 
 occasionally met with of unusual fatness, in spit« 
 of every care. This moibid deposition has been 
 termed Polypio'nia infantum, and Chloro'sia gi- 
 gante'a. 
 
 Polysarcia Viscerum, Physconia adiposa. 
 
 POLYSARCOSIS, Polysarcia. 
 
 POLYSIA'LIA; from ttoXvs, 'much,' and cia- 
 \ov, ' saliva.' Excessive discharge of saliva. 
 
 POLYSOMATIA, Polysarcia. 
 
 POLYSPAS'TON, from no\us, 'much,' and 
 craw, ' I draw.' A powerful instrument for re- 
 ducing luxations. — Gorrseus. 
 
 POLYSPER'MIA; from ttoXvj, 'much,' and 
 mrtpiia, 'sperm.' Richness or fulness of sperm. 
 
 POLYSTICUM CALLIPTERIS, Polypodium 
 filix mas — p. Filix Mas, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 POLYSTOMA PINGUICOLA, see Worms — 
 — p. Venarum, see Worms. 
 
 POLYTRIC, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
 
 POLYT'RICHUM, from TroAuf, 'much,' and 
 ^pi^, 'hair.' Polyt'ricon, Polyt'richum vidga're, 
 Adian'tum au'reuni, Golden Maiden-hair, (F.) 
 Perce-mousse. It is possessed of astringent pro- 
 perties, and was formerly given in diseases of the 
 lungs, and in calculous affections. 
 
 POLYTRICHUM COMMUNE, Asplenium tri- 
 chomanoides. 
 
 POLYTROPH'IA, from TroXuf, 'much,' and 
 rpe(pu>, 'I nourish.' Abundant or excessive nu- 
 trition. 
 
 POLYURESIS, Diabetes. 
 
 POLYURIA, Diabetes. 
 
 POLYU'RICUS, from rroXv;, 'much,' and ovpov, 
 'urine.' Sauvages calls — Ischu'ria polyu' ricu — a 
 kind of ischuria, caused by accumulation of urine 
 in the bladder. 
 
 POMA, Drink — p. Chinensia, see Citrus au- 
 rantium. 
 
 POMACEUM, Cider. 
 
 POMA'TUM, Pomma'tum, (F.) Pommade, Li- 
 parole. A pharmaceutical preparation, employed 
 only externally ; which differs but little from an 
 ointment, except in having generally less consist- 
 ence. It is usually made aromatic, and coloured 
 to render it more agreeable. 
 
 Common Pomatum is made of lard, 121bs ; suet, 
 41b s ; essence, ^viij. 
 
 Pomatum ad Labia Demulcenda, Cerate for 
 the lips — p. Epispasticum flavum, Unguentum 
 lyttse medicatum alitid — p. Epispasticum viride, 
 &e., Unguentum lyttae medicatum — p. for the 
 Lips, Cerate for the lips — p. Nitricum vel oxyge- 
 natum, Unguentum acidi nitrosi — p. Saturni, 
 Unguentum plumbi superacetatis. 
 
 POMBALEA IPECACUANHA, see Ipecacu- 
 anha. 
 
 POMEGRANATE, Punica granatum. 
 
 POMILIUS, see Nanus. 
 
 P03I3IADE, Pomatum — p. d'Alyon. Unguen- 
 tum acidi nitrosi — p, Antipsoriqxie de Jasser, Un- 
 guentum sulphuris compositum — p. d'Autenrieth, 
 Unguentum antimonii tartarizati — p. de Cyrillo, 
 Unguentum muriatis hydrargyri oxygenato me- 
 dicatus — p. Epispastique jaune, Unguentum 
 lyttae medicatum aliud — p. Epispastique verte, 
 Unguentum lyttte medicatum — p. de Garou, Un- 
 guentum epispasticum de daphne gnidio. 
 
 POMMADE DE GONDRET, P. ammoniacale 
 de Gondret (F.), Gondret's Counterirritont, Gon- 
 drefs ammnniacal Caustic. Liq. ammon. p. ij ; 
 Sevi, p. j ; 01. amygdal. p. j ; M. Used to excite 
 a speedy revulsion in cases of chronic affections 
 of the brain, incipient cataract, amaurosis, &c., 80 
 well as to cauterize the integuments deeplj'. 
 
 The above formula, is that of the French Co- 
 dex, but, according to M. Trousseau, it is much 
 too hard for use, unless the weather is warm. 
 
P03niADE 
 
 roi 
 
 POPULUS 
 
 He proposes two formulas, one for summer, the 
 other for winter. In the former he directs three 
 parts of lard, one of suet, and four of liquor am- 
 tnonicB; in the latter, equal parts of lard and 
 liquor ammonics. 
 
 POinrADE POUR LES LEVEES, Cerate 
 for the lips — p.Ophthalmique (Regent's,) Unguen- 
 tum ophthalmicum — p. Oxygenee, Unguentum 
 acidi nitrosi — p. Stihiee, Unguentum antimonii 
 tartarizati. 
 
 P0M3IE, see Pyrus malus — p. d'Adam, Po- 
 mum, Adami — p. d Amour, Solanum lycopersicum 
 — p. Epineuse, Datura stramonium — p. de Mer- 
 veille, Momordica balsamica — p. Mousseuse, Be- 
 degar — p. de Terre, Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 POMMES HEMORRHOID ALES, see Vis- 
 cum album. 
 
 POMMETTE, see Malae os. 
 
 POMMIER, Pyrus malus. 
 
 POMPH'OLYX, from to/z^o?, 'a bladder.' A 
 small Tesicle on the skin. An eruption of bulla 
 or hlehs, appearing without any inflammation 
 around them, and without fever. It is the Ec- 
 phlysis Pompjholyx of Good. See Pemphigus. 
 
 PoMPHOLTX, Tutia, Zinci oxydum. 
 
 POMPION, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 POMUM ADA'MI, (F.) Pomme d'Adam, Ad- 
 am's Apple. The projection formed by the thyroid 
 cartilage in the neck — of males particularly. It 
 is so called from a notion that it was caused by 
 the apple sticking in the throat of our first parent. 
 
 PoMTJM Amoris, Testicle — p. Hierosolymitanum, 
 Momordica balsamina — p. Melongense, see Sola- 
 num melongena — p. Mirabile, Momordica Bal- 
 samina — p. Spinosum, Datura stramonium. 
 
 PONCTION, Puncturing. 
 
 POND SHOVEL, Unisema deltifolia. 
 
 PONDERA ET MENSUR^, Weights and 
 measures. 
 
 PONDUS, Pudibilia — p. Pharmaceuticum, see 
 Weights and Measures. 
 
 PONGITIF, Pungent. 
 
 PONS CEREBELLI, Pons Varolii — p. He- 
 patis, see Lobulus anonymus — p. Sylvii, Quad- 
 rigemina Tubercula — p. Tarini, Tarini pons. 
 
 Pons Varo'lii, Pons Cerehel'li, Corpus annu- 
 la're, Proces' sus annularis, Prominen'tia annula'- 
 ris cer'ebri, Eminen'tia annularis, Varo'li's bridge, 
 Modus eneeiyh'ali vel Cer'ebri, Cerebral protu'ber- 
 ance, Protubernn'tia annula'ris Willisii, (F.) 
 Protuberance cerebrale, P. anmdaire, 3feseneS- 
 phale, Ilesocephale, Pont de Varole, Annular pro- 
 tuberance. An eminence at the upper part of the 
 rcedulla oblongata, first described by Varolius. 
 It is formed by the union of the crura cerebri and 
 crura cerebelli. 
 
 Pons Zygojiaticus, Zygomatic arch. 
 
 PONTE, see Parturition — p. Periodique, see 
 Parturition. 
 
 PONTEDERIA CORD ATA, Unisema deltifolia. 
 
 PONTICUM ABSINTHIUM, Artemisia Pon- 
 tica. 
 
 POPLAR, AMERICAN, Liriodendron — p. 
 Balm of Gilead, Populus Candicans — -.p. Black, 
 Populus — p. Tree, Liriodendron — p. Tulip-bear- 
 ing, Liriodendron. 
 
 POPLES, Gare'tum, Garretum, Ignys, Tg'nye, 
 Snffra'gn, Fossa genu, Fossa poplitce'a, the Ham, 
 the Hough, Hock, (F.) .Turret, {rompost, andplico, 
 ' I fold.' The posterior part of the knee joint. 
 The ham forms what is called the popliteal region 
 or space. 
 
 POPLITiEUS, Popliteal muscle. 
 
 POPLTTE, Poplitffius muscle. 
 
 POPLITEAD, see Popliteal aspect. 
 
 Popi-ite'al, PoplitcB'us, Poplit'ic, ivovapoples, 
 
 ' the ham.' That which relates to the ham. A 
 name given to various parts. 
 
 Popliteal Artery — Popliteal portion of the 
 crural, — (Ch.) is really a continuation of the 
 femoral, which changes its name on passing 
 through the adductor magnus muscle. It de- 
 scends a little obliquely outwards into the hollow 
 of the ham, and extends from the commencement 
 of the lower third of the thigh to the end of the 
 upper quarter of the leg, where it terminates by 
 dividing into the posterior tibial and peroneal 
 arteries. In the ham, it gives off the three supe- 
 rior articidar arteries ; and, at the top of the leg, 
 the arteries of the gemini muscles or gemini 
 branches, (F.) branches jumelles, the two inferior 
 articidar arteries, and the tibialis antica. 
 
 Popliteal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 side on which the poples or ham is situated. 
 Barclay. Poplite'ad is used by the same writer 
 adverbially, and signifies 'towards the popliteal 
 aspect.' 
 
 Popliteal Fossa, Poples. 
 
 Poplite'al Glands, Glan'dxdcB poplita><B. 
 Lymphatic glands, four in number, seated in the 
 popliteal region or space. 
 
 Popliteal Muscle, Poplitmus Muscle, Muscla 
 Jarretier, Femoro-popliti-tibial, (Ch.,) Subpop- 
 litcBus, (F.) Mxtscle poplite, is seated in the pop- 
 liteal region. It is triangular, long, flat ; and is 
 inserted, on the one hand, by means of a strong 
 tendon, into the tuberosity at the outer condyle 
 of the femur, terminating below at the upper part 
 of the posterior surface of the tibia. This muscle 
 bends the leg on the thigh, and, reciprocally, the 
 thigh on the leg. When the leg is bent, it causes 
 it to turn, in rotation, inwards. 
 
 Popliteal Nerves. They result from the 
 bifurcation of the sciatic, and are two in number, 
 viz. 1. The external popliteal, Peroneal nerve, 
 Branehe peroniere, (Ch.) It is smaller than the 
 internal; turns to the outside of the fibula at the 
 upper part of the leg, and divides into the mus- 
 culo-cutaneous branch, nerf pretibio-digital, (Ch.) 
 and the anterior tibial, nerf piretihio-susphalange- 
 taire, (Ch.) 2. The inter'nal poplite'al nerve, 
 Branehe tibiale, (Ch.) which is larger than the 
 other, and seems to be the real continuation of 
 the sciatic nerve. It descends vertically into the 
 hollow of the ham; and passes beneath the apo- 
 neurotic arch of the Solaris muscle, beyond which 
 it takes the name tibial nerve. It furnishes 
 the external saphena nerve, and a number of 
 branches, that are distributed to the posterior 
 muscles of the leg. It then passes to the sole of 
 the foot to be divided into two branches, called 
 Plantar nerves. 
 
 Popliteal Region, Poples — p. Space, Poples. 
 
 Popliteal Vein has the same arrangement as 
 the artery behind which it is situate. 
 
 POPLITIC, Popliteal. 
 
 POPONAX, see Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 POPPY, CELANDINE, Stylophorum diphyl- 
 lum — p. Corn, red, Papaver rhoeas — p. Heads, 
 see Papaver — p. Horn, Stylophorum diphylluni — 
 p. Juice, Meconium — p. Prickly, Argemone Mexi- 
 cana — p. Spotling, Cucurbalus Behen — p. Thorn, 
 Argemone Mexicana — p. White, Papaver — p. 
 White, capsule, see Papaver. 
 
 POP'ULUS, Populus nigra, yEgei'ros, Ache- 
 ro'is, Black poplar, (F.) Peuplier noir. The 
 young buds, oculi or rudiments «f the leaves, 
 which appear in the beginning of spring, wero 
 formerly used in an officinal ointment — the v,n- 
 guen'tum popule'um. It was, also, recommended 
 in chronic aS'ections of the lungs. 
 
 The bark of Pop'ulus Tremulo'i'des, American 
 aspen, of P. Trem'ula seu pen'dtda, European 
 aspen, and of PoPULtrs CAN'DicANS,^aZ»jo/ Gihad 
 
PORCELAINE 
 
 702 
 
 PORRIGO 
 
 Poplar, is antiperiodic, and furnishes salicin and 
 pojmlin, in whic'a the properties probably reside. 
 PoPDLUS Balsamifera, see Fagara octandra — 
 p. Candicans, see Populus — p. Pendula, P. tremula 
 — p. Taoamahaca, see Fagara octandra — p. Tre- 
 mula, see Populus — p. Tremuloides, see Populus. 
 POItCELATNE, Essera, Urticaria. 
 PORCELLIO, Oniscus. 
 PORCELLUS, Oniscus. 
 PORCULUS, Oniscus. 
 
 PORCUPINE DISEASE, Ichthyosis. 
 
 Porcupine Men, Echinoder'mi. Persons have 
 been so called in whom the cuticle is produced in 
 the form of pointed prolongations, as if it had 
 been moulded on the papillse, like the shorter and 
 blunter quills of the porcupine. 
 . POROUS, Vulva. 
 
 PORDE, Crepitation. 
 
 PORE, Porus, In'terstice, Tropo;, 'a passage.' 
 Anatomists have given this name to the openings 
 at the extremities of vessels at the surface of dif- 
 ferent membranes. Exhalant Pores have been 
 supposed to exist in the <exhalants, to transmit 
 the fluids exhaled. — Absorbent Pores are em- 
 ployed in taking up parts that have to enter the 
 circulation. Pores exist in the cuticle ; yet Hum- 
 boldt, with a powerful magnifying-glass, was un- 
 able to observe them. The pores of the skin 
 have also been called spira'cida. 
 
 POREBLIND, Myopie. 
 
 PORI BILIA'RII, Ductus lilia'ru, Sur'cull 
 fell'ei. Ducts which receive the bile from the 
 pcnieilli of the liver, and convey it to the hepatic 
 duct. 
 
 PoRi Cuta'nei, p. Exhalan'fea seu Sudor!/' eri 
 geu Eesorhen'tes. The pores of the skin. 
 
 PoRi Exhalantes, p. cutanei — p. Pulmonum, 
 Cellules, bronchic — p. Resorbentes, P. cutanei — 
 p. Sudoriferi, P. cutanei. 
 
 POROCE'LE, from rtopoj, callus,' and kyiXv, 
 ' a tumour.' A hard tumour of the testicle or its 
 envelopes. 
 
 POROMA, Induration. 
 
 POROMPHALOCELE, Poromphalon. 
 
 POROM'PHALON, Poromph'alm, Porompha- 
 loce'le, from -ruipog, 'hard,' and opitpa^os, 'the 
 navel.' Umbilical hernia with hard and thick- 
 ened parietes. 
 
 POROS, Canal. 
 
 POROSIS, Chalaza, Induration. 
 
 POROT'IC, Porot'icus, from -rtwpog, 'callus.' 
 A remedy believed to be capable of assisting the 
 formation of callus. 
 
 PORPHYRA, Purpura — p. Groecorum, Pe- 
 techise — p. Hcemorrhagica, Purpura haamorrha- 
 gica. 
 
 PORPHYRISMA, Scarlatina. 
 
 PORPIIYRISMUS, Scarlatina. 
 
 PORPHYRIZATION, Levigation. 
 
 PORPHYRO-TYPIIUS, see Typhus. 
 
 P0RPHYRU'RIA,Por;j^2/'''''''"»/ ^om irop<pvpa, 
 'purple,' and ovpov, 'urine.' A state of the urine 
 — pur'puric urine — in which it deposits the re- 
 markable colouring matter — jnir' purine — in asso- 
 ciation with urate of ammonia. 
 
 POR'PHYRY, Porphyri'tes, from TTop<pvpa, 
 'purple.' A species of very hard, compound 
 rock, susceptible of considerable polish, and used 
 in the fabrication of mortars and slabs for the 
 apothecary. 
 
 Porphyry, Black, Ophites. 
 
 PORPIEYURIA, Porpnyruria. 
 
 PORRACE, Porraceous. 
 
 PORRA'CEOUS, Porra'ceus, Pra'sinus, from 
 jjorrum, 'a leek.' (F.) PorracL Having the 
 green colour of the leek. An epithet given to 
 
 certain excreted matters, — the sputa, bile and 
 
 fasces particularly. 
 
 PORREAU, Allium porrum. 
 
 PORRECTUM, Lever. 
 
 PORRET, Allium porrum. 
 
 POBRIGINE, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 PORRIGINEUX, Porriginous. 
 
 PORRIGINOSUS, Porriginous. 
 
 PORRIG"INOUS, Porrigino'sus, (F.) Pnrri. 
 gineux. Appertaining to porrigo. 
 
 PORRPGO (L.), ' scurf or scall in the head.' 
 Tin'ea, Favus, Furfura'tio, Fur'furcs, Ecpye'iiia 
 porrigo, PMyms porrigo, from porrigere, ' to 
 spread.' (F.) Teigne, Rache. Some of the varie- 
 ties are contagious. It is principally character- 
 ized by an eruption of the pustules, called favi 
 and achores, unaccompanied by fever. 
 
 Porrigo Decal'vans, Trieho'm'a a'rea, Arec, 
 Alopc'cia area'ta, A. partia'Us, A. circumncrip'la, 
 Phytoalope' eia, Tyr'ia, Tyro'ma,Ophi'asis, Tin'td 
 tondens, Herpena tonsu'rans, Limited or jyartiul 
 Baldness, consists of patches of baldness without 
 decay or change of colour in the surrounding 
 hair, the exposed parts of the scalp being glab- 
 rous, white, and shining. The morbid condition 
 sometimes spreads, so that the patches coales(•<^, 
 rendering the baldness extensive. To a vege- 
 table growth found at the roots of the hair 
 in Tinea tondens, Malmsten of Stockholm 
 has given the name Trichoph'yton tonsuhanji. 
 The treatment consists in keeping the scalp 
 cleared by constant shaving, and in the steady 
 application of some stimulating liniment or oint- 
 ment. 
 
 Porrigo Favo'sa, Ce'rion, Faviis, Ecpyt'tis 
 porrigo favosa, Tinea favosa, Sca'bies cap'itis 
 favosa, Melice'ra, Melice'rum, Ilelice'ria, Mel- 
 lifa'viuni; Porrigophyte, Honey -comh Scall or 
 Tetter, (F.) Teigne faveuse, Porrigine, This con- 
 sists in an eruption of pustules common to the 
 head, trunk, and extremities, pea-sized, flattened 
 at the top, in clusters, often uniting; discharge, 
 fetid; scabs, honey-combed; the cells filled with 
 fluid. It occurs both in early and adult life. 
 Modern researches have satisfied some observers, 
 that the crusts of favus are of vegetable nature, 
 and formed of a parasitic plant, belonging to the 
 genus mycoderm'a, for which Ptcmak has pro- 
 posed the name Achorion Schbnleini. The point 
 is not, however, settled. The treatment of this 
 variety must consist in the exhibition of laxatives 
 and the mildest stimulating ointments, such as 
 the Ung. zinci, Ung. hydrargyri prcecipitat. alb., 
 &c. Eczema of the hairy scalp is often con- 
 founded with Porrigo. 
 
 Porrigo Fur'purans, Ecpyesia porrigo fur- 
 fura'cea, Tinea furfuraeea, Tinea p)orrigino'«a. 
 Pityriasis Tricho'sis fnrfura' cea, Teigne fur- 
 furaeee (Alibert), commences with an eruption 
 of small achores, the fluid of which soon concretes 
 and separates in innumerable, thin, laminated 
 scabs, or scale-like exfoliations. It is attended 
 with a good deal of itching and some soreness of 
 the scalp, to which the disease is confined. It 
 occurs chiefly in adults. In the treatment, the 
 scalp must be kept shaved. The part must bo 
 washed repeatedly with soap and water, and an 
 oiled silk cap worn. The nature of the ointments 
 used must vary according to the period of disease 
 and the irritability of the part affected. Zinc 
 ointment; — one made with the Cocculus indicus : 
 — the Sulphur ointment; — Citrine ointment and 
 Ihig. hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi ; Tar ointment and 
 Nitric acid ointment have all been found useful. 
 Should inflammation ar discharge arise, these 
 applications must of course be intermitted. 
 Porrigo Larvalis, P. lupinosa. 
 Porrigo Larva'lis, Crueta lac'tea, Ecp^*i» 
 
PORRIGOPHYTE 
 
 ro3 
 
 PORTE-VEINE 
 
 Porrtgo crxuta' cea, Menti'go, Achor, Tin'ea lac'- 
 tea, T. Fa'ciei, Jfilki/ scall or Tetter, Lactu'men, 
 Lacti'go, CF.) Grodte de lait, Croiite laiteuse, Feux 
 volages, La Graine. This is, almost exclusively, 
 a disease of infancy. It commonly appears first 
 on the forehead and cheeks, in an eruption of 
 numerous, minute, whitish achores on a red sur- 
 face. These break and discharge a viscid fluid, 
 ■which becomes incrusted in thin, yellowish, or 
 greenish scabs. The patches spread, until the 
 whole face becomes, as it were, enveloped in a 
 mask ; hence the epithet larvalis. The disease 
 is rather a variety of Eczema. Sometimes the 
 eruption appears on the neck and breast ; and, 
 occasionally, on the extremities. In general, the 
 health of the child does not suffer, but the erup- 
 tion is always attended with much itching and 
 irritation. The treatment consists in mild, tepid 
 ablution, and the application of gently stimu- 
 lating ointments, as of the oxydum zinci. The 
 bowels must be kept in a soluble state by small 
 doses of calomel, or by rhubarb and magnesia. 
 
 PORRIGO LuplNo'sA, Tin'ea hqji'na, Scabies 
 eap'itis, Ecpye'sis porrigo lupino'sa, Porri'go 
 larva'lis, Impeti'go figura'ta, Tin'ea granula'ta, 
 T. muco'sa, Cruata lactea (of some), Jleiit'agra 
 infan'tum, (F.) Teigne, Dartre cruHacee flaves- 
 cente, consists of minute pustules in small patches, 
 mostly commencing on the scalp ; the patches 
 terminate in dry, delving scabs, resembling lupine 
 seeds ; the interstices often covered with a thin, 
 whitish, and exfoliating incrustation. It occurs 
 chiefly iu early life, and requires the same treat- 
 ment as the last. 
 
 Porrigo Scotula'ta, Tin'ea granula'ta, Ec- 
 pye'sis porrigo galea'ta, Tinea fico'sa, Acho'res 
 seu Sca'bies cap'itis. Ringworm of the Scalp, 
 Scalled head, (F.) Teigne annulaire, T. en annean, 
 T. nummulaire. It commences with clusters of 
 small, light, yellow pustules, which soon scab oS; 
 and, if neglected, become hard by accumulation. 
 If the scabs be removed, the surface is left red 
 and shining, but studded with slightly elevated 
 points. If not attended to, it involves the whole 
 head. It occurs in children three or four years 
 of age, and is very unmanageable. The rules 
 laid down under Porrigo fur/urans must be here 
 still more perseveriugly enforced. The whole 
 tribe of stimulating ointments may be used in 
 succession. No one will always succeed, and 
 hence the necessity of change, provided advan- 
 tage should not seem to follow any particular 
 application. The Ungnentum ad Seahiem, of Ban- 
 yer, sometimes cures, when others fail. 
 
 PORRIGOPHYTE, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 PORRUM, Allium porrum, Thymion. 
 
 PORRUS, Sarcoma, Thymion. 
 
 PORTA, T:v\r,, Pyle, ' a gate.' The part of the 
 liver where its vessels enter as by a gate. Also, 
 the Vulva. 
 
 Porta Jecoris, Porta vena. 
 
 Porta Vena, Vena porta, V. porta'rum. seu 
 jxirta'lis, Rama'lis vena, Jan'itrix, Vena magna 
 seu qu(B ad partus est seu sfeleehicB'a seu lac'tea 
 sen ostia'ria. Porta Jec'oris, Porta, Vena arte- 
 rio'sa seu arterin'lis, Ifanus Jec'oris seu he'patis. 
 Vena ad portas. The System of the vena porta 
 or the Ahdom'inal venous system, (F.) Veine porte, 
 Porte veine, is a vascular apparatus of black 
 blood, situate in the abdomen, and resulting from 
 two distinct orders of vessels, united into one 
 common trunk. 1. One of these trunks, much 
 more extensive than the other, has received the 
 name Vena porta ahdomina'lia, because it arises 
 from all tb3 organs enclosed in the cavity of the 
 abdomen, except the kidneys and bladder; and 
 JQ the female, the uterus. The Abdominal vena 
 porta has two principal roots, the splenic vein 
 
 and the superior mesenteric, which have their 
 ramifications in all the digestive organs. 2. Tha 
 other trunk, destined solely to the liver, haa 
 been called the Hepat'ic vena porta. It appears 
 to be a continuation of the abdominal vena porta, 
 and proceeds towards the inferior surface of the 
 liver. Opposite to the transverse fissure of that 
 organ, it divides, like an artery, into two branches, 
 which, by their union, seem to form a canal or 
 duct, called by some the Sinus of the vena j.orta. 
 These branches are distributed in the substance 
 of the liver, whither they are accompanied by n 
 prolongation of the fibrous capsule of that organ, 
 — the capsule of Glisson. The different branches 
 of the vena porta are devoid of valves. See Liver. 
 
 PORTAL, from porta, ' a gate.' Relating to 
 the porta of the liver, — as the portal system, or 
 system of the vena porta. By extension, the 
 term has been applied to an analogous system of 
 vessels in the kidney. See Kidney. 
 
 Portal Fissure, see Liver — p. System of the 
 Kidney, see Kidney — p. Veins of the Kidney, 
 see Kidney. 
 
 PORTE-ATGUILLE, Acutenac' ulum. Needle- 
 carrier, Needle-bearer, from (F.) porter, ' to car- 
 ry,' and aiguille, ' a needle.' An instrument for 
 accurately laying hold of a needle, and giving it 
 greater length, when it is so fine and small that 
 it cannot be held by the fingers. It is of steel or 
 silver, about two inches long, and throughout the 
 whole, almost, of its length, divided into two 
 branches, so as to form a kind of forceps, capable 
 of being closed by means of a sliding ring. A 
 modification of this instrument was devised by 
 Dr. Physick for taking up deep-seated arteries 
 beyond the reach of a tenaculum or common 
 needle. It consists of a forceps so constructed 
 as to hold in its extremity a needle armed with 
 a ligature. The handles of the forceps are fas- 
 tened together, temporarily, by a spring or catch ; 
 and, when the needle is fairly deposited beneath 
 the vessel, it is disengaged from the forceps and 
 drawn out, leaving the ligature behind, which 
 can be tied without diflaculty. 
 
 PORTE-BOUGIE, (F.) A silver canula 
 similar to that of a trochar, except that it is 
 longer. It is used for conducting bougies into 
 the urethra. 
 
 POR TE- CA USTIQ UE, Porte-pierre—-p. 
 Feuille, Subscapularis. 
 
 PORTE-LIGATURE, fromporfer, 'to carry,' 
 and ligature. An instrument for conveying a 
 ligature to deep-seated parts. 
 
 PORTE-IIEOHE (F.), from joorAr, 'to carry, 
 and meche, 'a tent.' An instrument for carrying 
 tents or meehes deeply into fistulous openings, or 
 sinuses, to the bottom of ulcers, &c. It is a wire 
 of silver or steel, four or five inches long, having 
 a notch at one extremity, and a button at the 
 other. 
 
 PORTE-MOXA, (F.) A small instrument 
 for keeping the moxa applied to a part to be 
 cauterized. It consists of a metallic ring — sepa- 
 rated from the skin by three supports of ebony — 
 to which a handle is adapted. 
 
 PORTE-N(EUD (P.), irom porter, 'to carry.' 
 and ncevd, 'a knot.' An instrument for carrying 
 a ligature round the base or pedicle of a tumour. 
 
 PORTE-PIERRE {'F.),Porte-caustique, Cgm- 
 tie bearer. An instrument similar to a porie- 
 crayon for carrying lunar caustic. 
 
 PORTE-SONDE, (F.) An instrument resem- 
 bling a porte-crayon, employed for holding the 
 style or sonde, and inserting it more readily into 
 the nasal duct, during the operation for fistul* 
 lachrymaris. 
 
 P OR TE- VEINE, Porta Vena. 
 
PORTER 
 
 704 
 
 POTASH 
 
 PORTER, Cerevisia. 
 
 PORTIO DURA, Facial nerve — p. Inter du- 
 ram et moUem, Portio Wrisbergii — p. Intermedia 
 Wrisbergii, Portio Wrisbergii — p. Media inter 
 portion em duram et portionem mollem, Portio 
 Wrisbergii. 
 
 Portio Mollis, Auditory nerve. 
 
 Por'tio Wrisber'gii, Portio interme' diaWris- 
 her'gii, Portio media inter portionem duram et 
 portionem mollem, Portio inter diiram et mollem, 
 (F.) Faisceau intermediare de Wrisherg, Inter- 
 mediaire de Wrisherg. A small, white fasciculus, 
 intermediate between tbe portio mollis and portio 
 dura of the seventh pair of nerves, which was 
 first described by Wrisberg. The Chorda Tym- 
 pani is supposed by some to emanate from this 
 nerve. 
 
 PORTION GOSTO-TRAOHELIENNE^BTJ 
 SACRO-SPINAL, Longissimus dorsi— ^j. Ecail- 
 lexijc on squameux du temporal. Squamous portion 
 of the temporal — p. Lomiaire du plexus crural, 
 Lumbar j)lexus. 
 
 PORTION GODRONNEE DE LA CORNE 
 D'AMMON. A name given by Vieq d'Azyr to 
 a small, denticulated cord, of a compact tissue 
 and granular appearance, which unites the cornu 
 ammonis to the paries of the lateral ventricle. 
 
 PORTONARIUM, Pylorus, Duodenum. 
 
 PORTULA'CA, Andrach'ne, Al'lium Gal'licum, 
 Portula'ca olcra'cea. Purslane, (F.) Pourpier cul- 
 tive. This plant abounds with a watery and 
 somewhat acid juice ; and is often put into soups 
 or pickled with spices. It is regarded as anti- 
 septic and aperient. 
 
 POROUS, Callus, Meatus — p. Aeusticus, Au- 
 ditory canal, internal. 
 
 PORUS OP'TICUS. An opening in the centre 
 of the cribriform lamella of the sclei'otic, through 
 which the central artery of the retina enters the 
 eyeball. 
 
 POSCA, Oxycrate. 
 
 POSE, Coryza. 
 
 POSIMOS, Potable. 
 
 POSITION, FALSE, False position. 
 
 POSOL'OGY, Posol.og"ia, Posiolog"in, from 
 Tocoq, ' quantity,' and Aoyof, ' a discourse.' Indi- 
 cation of the doses in which the diflferent articles 
 of the materia medica ought to be exhibited. 
 
 POSSET, Posse' turn, from (L.) posca, 'sour 
 wine and water.' Milk curdled with wine, or any 
 acid, or treacle. A preparation of beer and milk j 
 Zythog'ala. 
 
 Posset, Sack, see Sack — p. Sago, see Sago. 
 
 POSSETING, Regurgitation (of Infants). 
 
 POSTBRACHIALB, Metacarpus. ' 
 
 POSTCARPIUM, Metacarpus. 
 
 POSTE'RIOR ANNULA'RIS. An external, 
 interosseous muscle, which arises from the corre- 
 sponding sides of the metacarpal bones of the 
 ring-finger and little finger, and is inserted into 
 „he inside of the tendon on the back of the 
 ring-finger. Its use is to draw the ring-finger 
 inwards. 
 
 Posterior Aitris, Retrahens auris. 
 
 Posterior In'dicis Manus. An internal, in- 
 terosseous muscle, which arises from the inner 
 or ulnar side of the metacarpal bone of the fore- 
 linger, and is inserted into the inside of the ten- 
 <5on on the back of the fore-finger. Its use is to 
 draw the fore-finger inwards. 
 
 Posterior Indicis Pedis, Ahduc'tor Indicis 
 Pedis An external, interosseous muscle, which 
 arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal 
 hones of the fore-toe, and second of the small 
 r.oes, and is inserted into the outside of the root 
 
 of the first bone of the fore-toe. Its use is to pnll 
 
 the fore-toe outwards. 
 
 Posterior Me'dii Dig"iti Manus. An exter- 
 nal, interosseous muscle, which arises from the 
 corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones of 
 the middle and ring-fingers ,• and is inserted into 
 the inside of the tendon on the back of the mid- 
 dle finger. Its use is to draw the middle finger 
 inwards. 
 
 Posterior Medii Dig"iti Pedis, Abductor 
 medii digiti pedis. An external, interosseous 
 muscle, which originates from the contiguous 
 sides of the metatarsal bones of the second and 
 third of the small toes, and is inserted into the 
 outside of the root of the first bone of the second 
 of the small toes. Its use is to pull the toe out- 
 wards. 
 
 Posterior Ter'tii Dig"iti, Adduc'tor tertii 
 digiti. An external, interosseous inuscle, which 
 arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal 
 bones of the third and fourth of the small toes, 
 and is inserted into the outside of the root of the 
 first bone of the third of the small toes. Its use 
 is to pull the toe outwards. 
 
 POSTHE. Penis, Prepuce. 
 
 POSTHET'OMIST, Posthet'omus, from ttoo^, 
 'prepuce,' and rojtri, 'incision.' One who per- 
 forms the operation of circumcision. 
 
 POSTHETOMY, Circumcision. 
 
 POSTHIA, Hordeolum. 
 
 POSTHIOPLAS'TIC, Posthioplas'ticus, from 
 Toa^rt, ' the prepuce,' and rXatro-M, ' I form.' An 
 epithet applied to the operation for restoring the 
 prepuce. 
 
 POSTHI'TIS, from ro«T0)7, 'the prepuce, the 
 penis,' and ■?■??■*, the termination for inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the prepuce or penis. 
 
 POSTHIUM, Prepuce. 
 
 POSTHON'CUS, from Tocer,, 'the prepuce or 
 penis,' and oyKo;, ' a tumour.' Swelling of the 
 prepuce or penis. 
 
 POSTHOPLAS'TICA, from TroaOr,, 'prepuce,' 
 and TiXaaTiKos, ' formative.' The art of making a 
 new prepuce. 
 
 POST'HUMOUS, from post, 'after,' andhnmus, 
 'the ground.' Occurring after death. 
 
 PosTHiiifoiTS Child. One born after the death 
 of its father, or taken from the dead body of its 
 mother, as by the Ctesarean section. 
 
 POST-MORTEM. 'After death;' as ' a post 
 mortem or necroscopic examination.' 
 
 POST-NATUS. In the old law writers, the 
 second son. 
 
 POST-PARTUM. 'After delivery.' As 'post 
 partum hemorrhage.' 
 
 POSTPOSIT"IO. Delay in the return of a 
 paroxysm. It is opposed to anticipatio, which 
 means the return of a paroxysm earlier than its 
 accustomed hour. 
 
 In this sense, we speak of an anticipating, and 
 a postponing [Fehris hysteret'ica) intermittent. 
 
 POSTREMA, Uterus. 
 
 PO'TABLE, Potah'ilis, from potnre, 'to drink.' 
 Pot'imos, Pofos, Pos'imos, 'drinkable' Water is 
 said to be potable, when it contains atmospheric 
 air; is not brackish ; and has no mineral impreg- 
 nation of consequence. 
 
 POTASH. So called from the pots or vessels 
 in which it was made; — Vegetable alkali, Gastri- 
 num. Also, Potass. 
 
 Potash op Commerce, Potassn impn'ra, Im- 
 pure potassa, Ala' men cati'n)tin, Cin'eres Rus'sici, 
 Subcar'bonas potns'sa impn'rus, Potas'sm cnr'bo- 
 nas impnrus, — the Pearlash of commerce, is pre- 
 pared from the ashes of land-plants by calcina- 
 tion, solution in water, filtration, and evaporation. 
 It usually consists of subearbonate of potasss. 
 
POTASS 
 
 r05 
 
 POTASS^ 
 
 SHlphate of potassa, chloride of potassium, sil-ex, 
 oxide of iron, &o. 
 
 From the ashes of lees of -wine, and from vine- 
 twigs, a much purer alkali is obtained. It is 
 called Cinia infecto' rius, G. fcscum, Cin'eres cla- 
 veUa'ti, Alu'nien facum, Cin'eres gruvella'ti, (F.) 
 Cendres gravSleea, Cendres de sarment. 
 
 Another variety of the alkali is afforded by 
 burning argol in a crucible : aftervrards powder- 
 ing and calcining it, till it is nearly white ; then 
 dissolving in water, filtering, and evaporating. It 
 is called Salt of Tartar, Sal Tar'tari, Kali j^ra- 
 2}'xra'tuni e tar'iaro, Kali e tartaro, Suhcar'hona%, 
 potasscB puris'simus, Potas'soB subcar'boiias e tar'- 
 taro. Lastly, when wormwood is burnt to ashes, 
 dissolved in water, filtered, and evaporated to 
 dryness, it affords another variety of vegetable 
 alkali, the Salahsin'thii or Salt of loornuvood. 
 
 Impure potash is used for preparing the sub- 
 carbonate for medical use. 
 
 POTASS, Potassa, Potassa fusa, Potash. The 
 protoxide of potassium. 
 
 POTASSA, ACETATE OF, Potassae acetas — 
 p. Bichromate of, Potassee bichromas — p. Bisul- 
 phate of, Potassa3 supersulphas — p. Bitartrate of, 
 Potassae supertartras — p. Carbonate of, Potasste 
 carbonas — p. Carbonate of, pure, see Potassse 
 subcarbouas — p. Chlorate of, Potassse murias hy- 
 peroxygenatus — p. Chromate of, Potass^ chro- 
 mas — p. Chromate of, neutral, Potassje chromas 
 — p. Chromate of, yellow, Potassse chromas. 
 
 PoTAs'SA CUM CalcE, Potass with lime, Calx 
 cum call puro, Cans' ticwn commu'ne for'tius, La- 
 2>i-i inferna'lis give sep'tieus, Kali caus'ticum cum 
 calce, Potas'sa ope calcis para'ta et igne fusa, 
 Lapis cans' ticus, (F.) Pofasse preparee avec la 
 chaux, P. a la Ckaux, Pierre a cautere. [Po- 
 tassce, Calcis aa ^j. Rub together, and keep in 
 a well-stopped bottle. Ph. U. S.) Used for the 
 same purposes as the next, but more manageable; 
 bding less deliquescent. 
 
 Potassa, Euchlorate of. Potass^ murias 
 hyperoxygenatus — p. Ferrocyanate of, Potassii 
 ferrocyanuretum — p. Ferroprussiate of, Potassa} 
 cyanuretum. 
 
 Potassa Fusa, Potassa, Kali caus'ticum. Fused 
 potass, Caus'ticum comnnt'iie acer'rimum. Kali 
 puruni, Al'kali cegetaL' He fixxnn caus'ticum, Oaus- 
 tieum alhali'num, C. commu' iie, C. Potentia'le, G. 
 Sali'num., Hydras ka'Hcum, Hydras potas'sa 
 pura fuscB, Potasses hydras, Lapis caus'ticus. La- 
 pis causticus chirurgo'rum, Lapis inferna'lis alca- 
 Ii')nis, Lj. Sep' ticus, Rupto'rium commu'ne. Fixed 
 veg"etahle alkali, Hydrate of Potassa, (F.) Po- 
 tnnse caustique. (Prepared by evaporating solu- 
 tion of potass to dryness in an iron vessel.) 
 This preparation is generally run into cylindrical 
 moulds, covered with paper, and kept in well- 
 corked vessels. It is powerfully escharotic, and 
 is used for forming issues, curing strictures, Ac. 
 
 Potassa, Fused, Potassa fusa — p. Hydriodate 
 of, Potass88 hydriodas — p. Hydrobromate of, see 
 Bromine — p. Hydrocyanate of, Potassii cyanure- 
 tum^p. Hyperoxalas, Potass, oxalate of — p. Hy- 
 ])ertartras, P. supertartras — p. Impura, Potash 
 of commerce — p. and Iron, tartrate of, Ferrum 
 tartarizatum— p. with Lime, Potassa cum calce — 
 p. Litjuida, Liquor potass* — p. Mephite of. Po- 
 tass* subcarbouas — p. Monochromate of, Potassse 
 chromas — p. Muriate of, Potassee murias — p. Ni- 
 trate of, Potassaa nitras — p. Ope calcis parata et 
 jo-ne fusa, Potassa cum calce — p. Oxymuriate of, 
 Potassto murias hyperoxygenatus -^ p. Prussiate 
 of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. and Soda, Tar- 
 trate of. Soda, tartrate of — p. Subcarbonate of, 
 Potassse subcarbouas — p. Sulphate of, Potassas 
 sulphas — p. Sulphate of, acid. Potass^ supersul- 
 phas — p. Sulphuret of. Potassas sulphuretum — p. 
 43 
 
 Supercarbonate of, Potassse carbonas — p. Super- 
 sulphate of, Potassse supersulphas — p. Supertar- 
 trate of, Potassse supertartras — p. Tartrate of, 
 Potassse tartras. 
 
 POTASS^ ACE'TAS, Acetas kali, Oxytar'ta- 
 rus, Acetas lixiv'im seu ka'iicum, Al'kali tar'tari 
 ace'to satura'tum, Alcali vegetab'ile cum ac6t- ; 
 3[agiste'rium tartari purgans, Terra folia' ta Tar- 
 tari. Kali aeeta'tum, Sal diuret'icus, Sal Senner'ii, 
 Ac"etate of potass, Arca'mim tartari, (F.) Acetate 
 de potasse. (Acid, acetic. Oj, Potassa carbon, q. s. 
 Mix and add, by degrees, enough acetic acid to 
 saturate the alkali. Then filter and evaporate 
 till a pellicle is formed, which is to be dried upou- 
 bibulous paper; evaporate again in a water-bath, 
 and, removing the pellicles, dry. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 It is cathartic and diuretic. Dose, 3J to 3;ij, 
 or more. 
 
 P0TASSJ3 ET Alumin.e Sulphas, Alumen — 
 p. Biantimonias, Antimonium diaphoreticum — 
 p. Bicarbonas, Potassaj carbonas. 
 
 Potas'SjE Bichro'mas, Kali chro'micum ru- 
 brwn seu ac"idum seu bichro'inicum, Bichro'mate 
 of potas'sa. Procured by adding sulphuric, ni- 
 tric, or acetic acid to a solution of the neutral 
 chromate, and setting it aside to crystallize. It 
 is a violent irritant poison ; and has been used 
 as a caustic in cases of morbid growths, in the 
 proportion of from half a drachm to a drachm of 
 the salt to from an ounce to an ounce and a half 
 of water. 
 
 Potass^ Bisulphas, P. supersulphas — p. Bi- 
 tartras, P. supertartras. 
 
 Potass,^ Car'bonas, Kali aera'tum, Bicar'- 
 honas potasses, Potas'sa bicar'bonas (Ph. U. S.) 
 Deutocarbonas potassii, Carbonate, bicar'bonaie, 
 or siiptercar'bonate of potassa. This is not caus- 
 tic, like the subcarbonate of potass, and hence, 
 has been preferred to relieve acidity. [Potasx. 
 carbon, tbiv, AqucB destillat. Ox. Pass carbonic 
 acid through the solution until it is saturated, 
 and filter. Evaporate at a heat not exceeding 
 160°, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper.. 
 Carbonic acid is obtained from marble by the 
 addition of dilute sulphuric acid. — Ph. U. S.)' 
 Dose, gr. x to ^ss. It is used in forming the 
 soda powders, as well as for its antacid properties.. 
 
 Potass^ Carbonas, P. subcarbouas — p. Car- 
 bonas impurus, P. subcarbouas — p. Carbonas- 
 purus, see P. subcarbonas — p. Chloras, P. murias 
 hyperoxygenatus — p. Chloruretum oxydatum, P. 
 murias hyperoxygenatus. 
 
 Potas's.,e CHROJfAS, Kali chro'micum flavum 
 sen neutra'le. Neutral yellow Chromate, or Mono, 
 chromate of 2)otxissa. Pi'epared by igniting a 
 mixture of four parts of native chromite of iroiv 
 (chrome-iron ore) and one part oi nitre; dissolv- 
 ing out the chromate of potassa by water, and 
 crystallizing. It has been used as an emetic, ex- 
 pectorant and diaphoretic. Dose, as an emetic, 
 from two to four grains ; as an expectorant, from 
 Jth to i grain. In the proportion of one drachm 
 to 32 ounces of water, it has been used as an an- 
 tiseptic wash — called by Jacobson, Liquor coyi- 
 serva'trix. 
 
 Potassse Citras, Citrate of potassa. (Acid., 
 citric, ^x. Potass, bicarb, ^xiv, Ag. q. s. Dis- 
 solve the acid in the water; and after e&'erves- 
 cence has ceased, strain and evaporate to dryness. 
 The salt is deliquescent, and must be kept in 
 well-stopped bottles. Ph. U. S.) It possesses 
 the refrigerant properties of the neutral salts, 
 and may be given in fever, when to do little or' 
 nothing is the most advisable course. Dose, gr. x 
 to gss. 
 
 Potass^ et Perri Tartras, Ferri tartariza. 
 turn — p. Hydras, Potassa fusa. 
 
 Potass^ Hydri'odas, Potassm Protohydri'o. 
 
POTASS^ 
 
 706 
 
 POTASS^ 
 
 das, Potae'sii protnxi'di hydri'odas, Kali Hydri- 
 odin'ieum, K. Hydriod'icum, Hydriodaa Ka'licus, 
 Hydri'odate of potasa, (F. ) Hydriodate de potasse. 
 If a solution of potass be poured on iodine, an 
 iodate and hydriodate are formed. Tliese may 
 be separated by means of alcohol, which only 
 dissolves the latter of these salts. The hydrio- 
 date, or rather the I'odide of Potas'sium, KaJiam 
 Iiida'tura, Potansii lodtiretum seu lo'didam, (F.) 
 Joditre de potassium, may be obtained by evapo- 
 ration. When the Iodide of potassium is dis- 
 solved in water, it becomes the Hydriodate of 
 Potassa. The following is the formula in the 
 Ph. U. S. Potass, ^vj ; lodin. in pulv. §xvj ; 
 Carhon. ligni in pulv. subtiliss. ^ij ; Aq. hid/ient. 
 Oiij. Dissolve the potassa in the water; add the 
 iodine gradually, stirring until the solution be- 
 comes colourless, and continue the additions until 
 the liquid remains slightly coloured from excess 
 of iodine. Evaporate to dryness, stirring in the 
 charcoal towards the close. Piub to powder, and 
 heat to dull redness in an ii'on crucible, keeping 
 up the temperature for 15 minutes. When cool, 
 dissolve out the saline matter with pure water, 
 filter the solution, evaporate and set aside to 
 crystallize. By evaporating and crystallizing as 
 before, an additional quantity of crystals maj' be 
 obtained. Virtues, — those of iodine. 
 
 PoTASSiE Mu'rias, Sal Bigesti'vus vel Sal fe- 
 hrif'ugua Syl'vii, JIuriate of Potass, Spir'itus 
 satis mari'ni coagula'tus. Bitter and refrigerant. 
 
 PoTAss/E Mu'rias Hypeuoxygena'tus, Po- 
 tassa Chloras, P. oxymu'rias, Oxymu'riate or 
 hyperoxyma'riate of potass. Chlorate of potas'sa, 
 Eachlo'rate of potass, Alcali vegetah'ile sali'to- 
 dephlogistica'tum, Ohlorure'tum potas'sa oxyda'- 
 tum, Halo'i'cbtm oxygena'tum, Oxyge'no-Chloru- 
 re'tum potas'sii, Protochlo'rate of jiotaa'sivm, Kali 
 chlo'ricnm, Chloras Ka'Ucus depura'tus, (F.) Chlo- 
 rate de potasse. It has been regarded as anti- 
 neuropathic, and as an alterative purifier of the 
 li!ood and humours. It is of doubtful eiEcacy. 
 Dose, 3 to 6 grains or more. 
 
 PoTAS's^E NiTRAS, Nitrate of Potass, Nitriim, 
 Sal nitrum, Nitre, Saltpetre, Sal petrm, Salse'do 
 mucrum, Sanguin'ea, Berenie" iuni, Ilalini'trum, 
 Protoni'trate of Potas'sium, Nitrate of protox'ide 
 of Potassium, Kali ni'tricum, Nitras ka'liciim, 
 Nitras lixiv'icB, (F.) Nitrate de potasse. Ob- 
 tained from the pvitrefaction of animal matters, 
 in contact with calcareous or alkaline earths, by 
 elixiviation ; adding, if necessary, wood-ashes to 
 supply the alkaline basis. It is formed, in an 
 impure state, by nature, in warm climates. 
 
 It is diuretic and refrigerant, and, in large 
 doses, purgative j externally, cooling and deter- 
 gent. Dose, gr. x to ^ss. In largo doses it is 
 an acrid poison. 
 
 Potass^ Nitras Fusds Sulpha'tis Paucii/lo 
 MlXTliS, Sid pj^unel'lcB, Cryatal'lus minera'lis, 
 Nitras potas'sa cum sid'phure fusus, Nitriim. tahu- 
 la'tum. Lapis Prunel'lm, Sore-throat salt, 3Iin'e- 
 ral crystal, Anod'yvur,i mincra'le. Nitrate of 
 potass, mixed with a little sulphate of potass and 
 run into moulds. Its properties are those of 
 nitre. 
 
 Potass-E Os'alAS, Superox'alate of Protox'ide 
 of Potas'sium, Ox'alas Acid'idum Potas'sa seu 
 Potas'sa acid'ulns seu ba'sicus, Siipierox' alas ka'- 
 lienm, S. Potassa, H ypcroxalas Potassa, Sal Ace- 
 t'lscl'la, Oxa'liam, Kali oxal'icum acid'nlum, Ox'- 
 tdas suhpota.s'sie.us. Oxalate of Potass, Suit of 
 Sorrel. Prepared from the juice of wood sorrel. 
 ]t is refrigerant, and is used to make lemonade, 
 
 PoTAssyE OxALAS AciDULUjf, Potass, Oxalate 
 •>f — p. Oxymurias, P. murias hyperoxj'gcnatus — 
 p. Protohydriodas, P. hydriodus — p. PuriB fusa; 
 
 hydras, Potassa fusa — p. et Sodse tartras, Soda, 
 
 tartrate of. 
 
 Potass.e Subcar'bonas, p. Car'bonas (Ph. 
 U. S.), Subcar'bonas Kali, Car'bonas Potassa, 
 Kali 2jrapara'ti(m, Sal Herba'rum, Calca'reona 
 Tartar, Sal Planta'rum, Subcarbonate of Potass, 
 Sal Tar'tari, Sal Absin'thii, Mephite of Potass, 
 &o. (See Potash.) A filtered solution of the im- 
 pure subcarbonate, Potas'sa car'bonas impu'rns 
 (Ph. U. S.) Pearl-ash (see Potash,) evaporated to 
 dryness. This deliquescent salt is given in the 
 same cases as the potassso earbonas, than which 
 it is more caustic and disagreeable. 
 
 The Parisian codex has a Subcar'bonas Potas'sa 
 ex tar'taro combus'lo, vulgo Sal Tartari or Salt of 
 Tartar — it is the Potassa earbonas purua. Pure 
 Carbonate of Potassa, Ph. U. S. ; a Subcarbonaa 
 Potassa ex defl a gran' tibus simul tar'trate acid'ulo 
 et Nitrate Potassa paratus, vulgo Nitrum ex tar- 
 taro fi.xum ; and a Subcarbonas piotassa ex dejia- 
 gran'te cum, Carbo'nibua Nitra'te Potassa para- 
 tus, vulgo Nitrum fxum. They are all used like 
 the preceding. 
 
 PoTASSyE Subcarbonas Impurus, Potash of 
 commerce. 
 
 PotasSjS Sulphas, Kali vitriola'tum. Sulphas 
 Kali, Kali suljyhu'ricum, Lixiv'ia vitriola/ta, Ni- 
 trum vitriolatum Schroederi, Sal Sapien'tia, Sol 
 Tar'tari Svlphura'timi, Specif 'icum Paracel'si, 
 Spi'ritus vitrioli coagula'tus Mynsichti, Proto~ 
 sulph'a.te of Potas'sium, Al'kali vegeta'bile vitri- 
 olatum, Sal de duobus, Arca'mim duplica'tum, 
 Nitrum vitriola'tum, Tar'tarum vitriolatum, Pu- 
 uace'a Dueis Holsa'tia, Panace'a duplica'ia, Sal 
 Polyehres'tus, Sulphate of Potass, (F.) Sulfate de 
 potasse. (The salt, that remains after the disiii- 
 lation of nitric acid, dissolved; the excess of acid 
 saturated with subcarbonate of potass and crys- 
 tallized.) Purgative and diuretic. Dose, Jss to 
 3J as a laxative. In a large dose it has proved 
 an irritant poison. 
 
 Potass^ Sulphas cum Sul'phure; Sal Poly- 
 ehres'tus Glase'ri, Lixiv'ia Vitriola'ta Sulphu'rea. 
 (Formed by deflagrating nitrate of potass with 
 sublimed sulphur.) Same virtues as the last. 
 Dose, gr. xv to xxx. 
 
 PotasSjE SuLPHURB'TUSr, Potas'sii Sulphure'- 
 tum, P. teraulphure'tum. Kali sulphuretum, Hepar 
 Snlph'uris sali'mnn, H. sulphu'ris vulga're, Sul- 
 phure'tmn lixiv'ia, S. ka'licum, Hepar Sulphuria, 
 lArer of Sulpihur, Sulphur et of Potass, (F.) Sul- 
 fure de potasse, Sulfure de potassium sulfatr, 
 Foie de Soufre. (Sulphur, ^j, Potassa curb. ^i]. 
 Rub them together, and place the mixture in a 
 covered crucible upon the fire until they unite ) 
 It has been emplo3'ed in affections of the chest, 
 as an expectorant, in the dose of from ^ss to ^j, 
 largelj' diluted ; but it is chiefly used as a batU 
 or wash in cases of itch, tinea capitis, and other 
 cutaneous affections. 
 
 PoTASSyE Superoxalas, PotasssG oxalas. 
 
 PotasSjE Supersul'phas, p. Biaulphaa, Sal 
 cnix'um, Supersulphate of Potass, Sal febrif'u- 
 gus of Lem'ery, Acid Suljihate of Potass, J>is;il- 
 phate of Potass, Super-protosulphatc of Potas'~ 
 slum, (F.) Bisnlfate, de Potasse. (The salt re- 
 maining after the distillation of nitric acid, dis- 
 solved, strained, and crystallized.) It is refiifre- 
 raiit and purgative. Dose, "^ss to ^ij. 
 
 PoTASByE SuPERTAR'rnA.s Impu'rus, Tar'lorus 
 rrudus, Tar'tarum, Lajiia vinij Magneti'nus, Pe- 
 dagrn, Tartar, (P.) 'J'artre cm, T. brut. It is 
 called, also, %irtarvm rubrum and Bed Argol, 
 when obtained from red wines; Tartarum album 
 or White Anjol, when from white wines. Tarter 
 is the saline deposit from wines as they become 
 aged; which attaches itself to the sides of the 
 casks and bottles in which they arc kept. It 
 
POTASSE 
 
 707 
 
 POTENTILLA 
 
 consists of a considerable quantity of acidulous 
 tartrate of potass, tartrate of lime, silica, alumen, 
 oxyd of iron, manganese, and a red colouring 
 matter, if the wine be red. It is chiefly used for 
 the preparation of cream of tartar. 
 
 PotasSjE Supbrtar'tras, Crystal'U Tar'tari, 
 Tartras Aeid'ulns Potasses purus, Snpertar' trate 
 of Protox'ide of Potas'sium, Potas'scB Bitar'tras 
 (Ph. U. S.), p. tartras ac"ida, Bitartrate or Sti- 
 pertartrate of Potass, Hypertartras Potassce, Tar- 
 tras superpotas'sicu-9, T. suh2')otas' siciis, Crystals 
 of Tartar, Cremor Tar'tari, Cream of Tartar 
 (when in powder,) Supertar' irate of Potass, (F.) 
 Tartrate acide de potasse, Creme de Tartre. (The 
 tartar of wine purified.) It requires 120 parts of 
 water at 60° to dissolve it. It is mildly purga- 
 tive, refrigerant and diuretic. Dissolved in water, 
 with a small quantity of white wine, some sugar 
 and lemon-peel, it forms an- agreeable beverage 
 in febrile diseases, under the name of imperial. 
 Dose, as a diuretic, ^j to ^ij; as a purgative, ^ss 
 to gj. 
 
 Potass^ Tartras, Kali tarfanza'tum, Al'cali 
 fixum tartarisatum, Tar'tarum solu'hile, Tartarus 
 tartariza'tus, Lixiv'ia Tartarisa'ta, Sal Pan- 
 ehrea'tum, Tartras Kaliims, T. lixiv'ia, Sal vege- 
 tah'ilis. Alkali vegetab'ile tartarizatum. Tartrate 
 of Potass, Soluble Tartar. (F.) Tartrate de Po- 
 tasse. {Potasses carbon. ,^xvj ; Potasses Bitar- 
 trat. in pulv. subtiliss. Ibiij, vel q. s., aqiim hulli- 
 entis, cong. Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in 
 the water, add the bitartrate to saturation, and 
 boil; filter, evaporate till a pellicle forms, and 
 set aside to crystallize. Pour off the liquid ; 
 dry the crystals on bibulous paper, and keep in 
 closely-stopped bottles. — Ph. U. S.) A saline 
 cathartic in the dose of .^ij to ^j. 
 
 PoTASSJi; Tartras Acida, P. supertartras — p. 
 Tartras acidulus purus, P. supertartras-^ p. Tar- 
 tras s tibialis seu stibiosus, Antimonium tartariza- 
 tum. 
 
 POTASSE, ACETATE BE, Potassas acetas 
 — p. Bisulphate de, Potassse supersulphas— ^p. 
 Caustique, Potassa fusa — p. d la Ghaxix, Potassa 
 cum calce — p. Chlorate de, Potassee murias hy- 
 peroxygenatus — p. JJi/driodate de, Potassaa hy- 
 driodas — p. Liquide, Liquor potassse — p. Nitrate 
 de, Potass03 nitras — p. Preparee avec la cJiaiix, 
 Potassa cum calce — p. et de Sonde, tartrate de, 
 Soda, tartrate of — p. Sulfate de, Potassse sulphas, 
 p. Sulfure de, Potassse sulphuretum — p. Tartrate 
 de, Potassaj tartras — p. Tartrate, acide de, Po- 
 tassffi supertartras. 
 
 70TAS'SllBR0'MlT>\JM,Pofas's(Bhjdrohro'- 
 mas, (F.) Bromure de Potassium, Bromide of potas- 
 sium. (Bromin, ^ij ; Ferri fili, gj ; Potass, car- 
 bon, ^ij and ^j, vel q. s. ; Aq. destillat., Oiv. Add 
 the iron filings and bromine to a pint and a half 
 of the water ,• stirring for half an hour. Apply a 
 gentle heat, and when the liquor assumes a 
 greenish colour, add gradually the carbonate of 
 potassa, dissolved in Oiss of the water, until it 
 ceases to cause a precipitate. Continue the heat 
 for half an hour, and filter. "Wash the precipi- 
 tate with the remaining water, boiling hot, and 
 filter. Mix the liquors and crystallize by evapo- 
 ration. Ph. U. S.) Virtues: — those of iodide 
 of iron. 
 
 PoTASsii Cyanidum, P. Cyanuretum. 
 
 PoTAs'sil Cvanure'tum, p. Cyan'idum, Cya- 
 niiret of Potassium, Hydroey'anaie of Potassa, 
 {Potassii Ferrocyanur., in pulv. ^viij; Potass. 
 Oarbonai., ex siceat., ^iij. Mix intimately and 
 throw into a deep iron crucible, heated to red- 
 ness ; keep up the heat till effervescence ceases, 
 and the fused mass concretes, of a pure white 
 colour, upon a warm glass rod dipped into it; 
 then pour out the liquid carefully into a shallow 
 
 dish, to solidify, stopping before the salt becomes 
 contaminated with the precipitated iron. Break 
 up the mass whilst warm, and preserve in well- 
 stopped bottles. Ph. U. S.) Used in the same 
 cases as the hydrocyanic acid. Dose, a quarter 
 of a grain. 
 
 PoTASSii Decto-carbonas, Potassse carbonas. 
 
 POTASSII Ferrocyaxur^e'tum, p. Ferrocyan'- 
 idum, Ferroey' anide or Ferroeyan' uret of Potas- 
 sium, Ferrocy'anate of Potassa, Ferroprnssiate of 
 Potassa, Prussiate of Potassa, (F.) Protocyanure 
 jaune de fer et de potassizim, Cyanure de fer et de 
 potassium. The yellow double cyanuret of po- 
 tassium and iron, the salt from which the cyanu- 
 ret of potassium is obtained by calcination. It is 
 not much used in medicine. It has been advised 
 as an astringent in the colliquative sweats of 
 phthisis, in leucorrhcea, &c. ; but it does not 
 seem to be possessed of much activity. Dose, 10 
 or 15 grains every four or five hours. 
 
 PoTASSii Hydrargyro-iodiduw, Potasses lodo- 
 hydrar'gyras. Hydrargyrum biiodatum cum halio 
 iodato, Kalium iodatum hydrargyratum, lodhy- 
 drar'gyrate of Potassium, Hydrargyro-iodide of 
 Potassium. This salt is made by the combination 
 of iodide of piotassium with red iodide of mercury. 
 Its properties are similar to those of the iodides 
 of mercury, but in a less degree. 
 
 PoTASSii loDiDUir, Potassai hydriodas — p. lo- 
 duretum, Potassse hydriodas — p. Oxygeno-chlo- 
 ruretum, Potassse murias hyperoxj'genatus — p. 
 Protoxidi hydriodas, Potassa3 hydriodas — p. Sul- 
 phuretum, Potassse sulphuretum — p. Tersulphu- 
 retum, Potassse sulphuretum. 
 
 POTASSIUM. Same etymon as potash. The 
 metallic base of potassa. 
 
 POTASSIUM, BROMURE DE, see Bromine 
 — p. Cyanuret of, Potassii cyanuretum — p. Ferro- 
 cyanide of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. Ferro- 
 cyanuret of, Potassii Ferrocj'anuretum — p. lodido 
 of, Potassa3 hydriodas — p. lodohydrargyrate of, 
 Potassii hydrargyro-iodidum — pi. lodure de, Po- 
 tassse hydriodas — p. Oxide of. Potass — p. Proto- 
 arsenite of, Arsenite of protoxide of potassium — p. 
 Protochlorate of, Potassae murias hyperoxygena- 
 tus — p. Protonitrate of, Potassse nitras — p. Pro- 
 toxide of, Potass — p. Protoxide of, nitrate of, Pii- 
 tassse nitras — p. Protoxide of, superoxalate of. 
 Potass, oxalate of — p. Protoxide of, supertartrate 
 of, Potassse supertartras — p. Protosulphate of, 
 Potassas sulphas — p. Sulfure de, sulfate, Potassse 
 sulphuretum — p. Sulphuret of, Potassas sulphu- 
 retum — p. Superprotosulphate of, Potassas super- 
 sulphas. 
 
 POTATO, Solanum tuberosum— p. Fly, Lytta 
 vittata — p. Hog, Convolvulus panduratus — p. 
 Spanish, Convolvulus batatas — p. Sweet, Convol- 
 vulus batatas — p. Vine, wild. Convolvulus pan- 
 duratus — p. Wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 POTBELLY, Physconia. 
 
 POTELEE, Hyoseyamus. 
 
 POTENTIA, Force. 
 
 Poten'tia seu Potes'tas Coeun'di, Capability 
 of copulation. 
 
 Potentia Generan'di. The power of procre- 
 ation. 
 
 PoTENTiA Irritans, Stimulus. 
 
 POTEN'TIAL, Potentia' lis; from putens, 'able.' 
 An epithet for remedies which, although energe- 
 tic, do not act till some time after their applica.- 
 tion. The caustic alkalies, for instance, are 
 called Potential cauteries in contradistinction i« 
 the hot iron, which is termed actual. 
 
 POTENTILLA, P. reptans. 
 
 Potentil'la Anseri'na, P. argenti'na seu itn- 
 po'lita seu neglec'ta, Argenti'na vulga'ris, Fro- 
 ga'ria anseri'na, Argentine, Chenobos'con, Ar 
 genta'ria, Anseri'na, Silver Weed, Wild "Tansy, 
 
POTERIUM 
 
 708 
 
 POUEPIER 
 
 (F.) Argentine, Potentille. The leares are mildly 
 astringent and tonic. 
 
 PoTENTiLLA Argentina, P. anserina — p. Im- 
 polita, P. anserina — p. Neglecta, P. anserina. 
 
 POTBNTILLA Norteg"ica, Norway Oinque-foil, 
 an indigenous plant, is possessed of similar pro- 
 perties. 
 
 PoTENTiLLA Palttsteis, Comarum palustre. 
 Potentil'la Reptans, Pentaphyl'lum, Fracfa'- 
 riu 2}entap7tyl'lum, Potentil'la, Quinque/o'lium, 
 Q. inajus, Common cinquefoil, (F.) Qaintefenille. 
 The roots are possessed of astringent properties. 
 POTENTILLA ToRMENTiLLA, TormentiUa. 
 POTERIUM SANGUISORBA, Pimpinella 
 saxifraga. 
 
 POTESTAS COEUNDI, Potentia coeundi— p. 
 Generandi, Potentia generandi. 
 POTEX, Anus. 
 
 POTHOS FCETIDA, Dracontium foetidum— p. 
 Putorii, Dracontium foetidum. 
 POTIMOS, Potable. 
 
 POTIO, Drink, Haustus, Potion — p. Calcis 
 carbonatis, Mistura crette — p. Effervescens anti- 
 effiotica, Potion of Riverius — p. Leniens, Loocb 
 ex ovo — p. Oleosa, Looch ex ovo — p. Picea, see 
 Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 POTION (F.), Potio; from poto, '1 drink.' 
 A liquid medicine, from 4 to 8 ounces or more in 
 quantity, the composition of which varies, and 
 which is administered in divided doses. It cor- 
 responds to the English mixture. 
 
 POTION PEGTORALE, Looch ex ovo. 
 Potion of Rive'hius. A mixture of Lemon 
 Jnice and Suhcarhonate of Potass, — generally 
 given in a state of effervescence. It is the Potio 
 ejferves'cene anti-emet' ica dicta Rive'rii, of the 
 Parisian codex. The name in the codex indi- 
 cates its use. 
 
 P0TI0:N^IS DESIDERIUM, Thirst. 
 POTIRON, Cucurbita pepo. 
 POTIUNCULA, Haustus. 
 P.->TOPARAN(EA, Delirium tremens. 
 P tTOS, Potable. 
 
 P .ITOTROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens. 
 P PTT'S DISEASE, Vertebral disease. 
 POTUS, Drink — p. Hippocraticus, Claret. 
 POU, Pediculus. 
 PGUCE, Pollex, see Digitus. 
 POMCHED, Encysted. 
 
 PO'IBRE, Powder, Pulvis — p. Ahsorbante et 
 anti-a'ide, p. Pulvis de magnesia compositus — p. 
 d'Alm-^ composee, Pulvis sulphatis aluminse com- 
 positus — p. Antiarthritique amere, Pulvis de 
 amaria compositus — p. Antiasthmatique, Pulvis 
 de sulj hure et scilla — p. A ntimoniale composee ou 
 de Ja-^es, Antimonial powder — p. Aromatique, 
 Pulvis cinnamomi compositus — p. d'Asarum com- 
 j>08e<: dite aternutatoire, Pulvis asari compositus 
 — p. B9lsamique, Pulvis myrrhae compositus — p. 
 de Birchmann, Pulvis de aro compositus — p. de 
 Jilanchement, Calcis chloridum — p. de Cannelle 
 '■omyosee, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus — p. Ca- 
 thartique, Pulvis scammonea; compositus — p. de 
 CK^'fre, see Cladonia rangiferrina — p. du Comte 
 de Palme, Magnesias carbonas — p. Cornachine, 
 ]*ulvis eornachini — p. de Come bnilee avec opium, 
 I'ulvis eornu usti cum opio — p. de Craie comjw- 
 K^e avtc opium, see Pulvis cretae compositus cum 
 opro — p. de Bower, Pulvis ipecacuanha} compo- 
 situs—/). de Dupinjtreit, Powder of Dupuytren — 
 — p. Qazifere laxative. Powders, Seidlitz — p. Ga- 
 zi/ere simple. Powders, soda — p. de Gomme 
 udragant composee, Pulvis tragacauthae compo- 
 situs — p. de Gomme gutte, Pulvis e gummi gutta 
 — p. Hydragogue, Pulvis e gummi gutta — p. Tnci- 
 u've, Pulvia de sulphure et scilia — ^j. d'lpecacii- 
 uuJta et opium, Pulvis ipecacuanhas compositus — 
 V- de Jalap composie, Pulvis jalupac compositus 
 
 — p. de Kino composee, Pulvis kino compositus — 
 p. de Perard, Pulvis de senna, scammonio et 
 lignis — p. do Quercetantis, Pulvis e gummi gutta 
 — p, de Saint Ange, Pulvis asari compositus — p. 
 de Savon vegetale, Pulvis gummosus alkalinus — p. 
 de Scammonee composee, Pulvis scammoneaa com- 
 positus — p. de Sedlitz, Powders, Seidlitz — p. de 
 Sine composee, Pulvis sennae conip. — p. de Seti- 
 tinelli, Magnesise carbonas — p. Styptique, Pulvis 
 sulphatis aluminae compositus. 
 
 POVDRE SUBTIL BE BELCROIX. A 
 fashionable depilatory " for removing superfluous 
 hair in less than ten minutes." It is said to con- 
 sist of Quicklime and SulpJiuret of Arsenic, with 
 some vegetable powder. — Paris. 
 
 POUBRE TEMPERANTE DE STAHL, 
 Pulvis de Sulphate potassae compositus — p. de 
 Tennant, Calcis chloridum — p. de Valentini, Mag- 
 nesise carbonas—^. Vermifuge mercurieUe, Pulvis 
 e sulphureto hydrargyro uigro et scammonio — />, 
 Vermifuge sans mercure, Pulvis ex helminthocorto 
 compositus. 
 
 POUGUES, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 alkaline waters are in the department of Nievre, 
 France. They contain carbonic acid, carbonates 
 of soda, lime, and magnesia; chloride of sodium 
 alumina, and silica, with protoxide of iron. 
 POULAIN, B»bo. 
 
 POULET, VIN DE (P.), Pullet Wine. A 
 disgusting preparation, made by infusing the ex- 
 crement of the pullet in white wine. According 
 to Nysten, it is employed by the vulgar in France 
 in a number of diseases, and especially in falls^ 
 contusions, &c. 
 POULIOT, Mentha pulegium. 
 POULS, Pulse — p. Abdominal, Pulsus inferior 
 — p. des Adultes, Pulse, natural — -j). Agite, Pulsu? 
 fortis — p. Bas, Pulse, low — p. Capital, Pulse, 
 nasal — p. Combine, Pulse, complex — p.Compliquc, 
 Pulse, complex — p. Compose, Pulse, complex — p. 
 Concentre. Pulse, contracted — p. Defaillant, Pul- 
 sus deficiens — p. Deprime, Pulse, depressed — //. 
 de la Diarrhea, Pulse, intestinal — m. Bur, Pulse, 
 hard — p. Eleve, Pulse, ardent — j^- Embarrassc, 
 Pulsus intricatus — p. de I'Estomac, Pulse, sto- 
 machal — p. Etroit, Pulsus strictus — p. de VEj- 
 pectorafion, Pulse, pectoral — p. Faille, Pulse, 
 feeble — p. du Foie, Pulse, hepatic — jy. Grand, 
 Pulse, large — p. Insensible, Pulsus deficiens — p. 
 Intercadent, Pulse, intermittent — p. des Intestins, 
 Pulse, intestinal — p. Languissant, Pulse, languid 
 — p. Lent, Pulse, slow — p. de la Matrice, Pulsus 
 uterinus — p. Moderi, Pulse, natural — ^:>. Mou, 
 Pulse, soft — p. de Nez, Pulse, nasal — p. Ondoy. 
 ant. Pulse, undulating — pi. Ondulant, Pulse, un- 
 dulating — p. Palpitant, Pulse, tremulous — ;». 
 Parfait, Pulse, natural — p. Petit, Pulse, small — 
 p. Plein, Pulse, full — p. Precipite, Pulse, frequent 
 — p. Profond, Pulse, deep — p>. Prompt, Pulse, 
 sharp — p. Rare, Pulse, slow — p. Rtbondissaiii, 
 Pulsus dicrotus — p. Redouble, Pulsus dicrotns — 
 p. des Regies, Pulsus uterinus — p. Roide, Puisne, 
 tense — p. Serrafile, Pulsus serrinus — p. Serre, 
 Pulse, contracted — p. de la Sueur, Pulsus sudo- 
 ralis — p. Tardif, Pulse, slow — p. Tendu, Pulse, 
 tense — p. Tremblanf, Pulse, tremulous — p. de. 
 I' Urine, Pulsus urinalis — p. Vehement, Pulsus for- 
 tis — p. Ventral, Pulsus inferior — p. Vide, Pulsus 
 vacuus — p>. F;/, Pulse, sharp — -p. Tiff, Pulse, sharp. 
 POULTICE, see Cataplasm. 
 POUNCE, Sandarac. 
 
 POUND, Libra, Litra, Xirpa, Lat. Pondo, Ba- 
 ge'dia (of twelve oz.), Barda'din, (F.) Livre, 
 from ponderc, *to weigh.' A weight, consisting 
 of twelve ounces Troy, — sixteen ounces avoirdu- 
 poise. See AVeights and Measures. 
 POUR PIER CULTIVE, Portulaca. 
 
POURPRE 
 
 ro9 
 
 PRiECORDIA 
 
 POURPRE BLANC, Miliary fever. 
 
 POURRITURE, Putrefaction— _p. d'HSpital, 
 Hospital gangrene. 
 
 POUS, Pes. 
 
 POUSSE, Pursiness. 
 
 POUSSE E, Lichen. 
 
 POUSSIERE TUBERCULEUSE (¥.), 'Tu- 
 berculous Dust.' A name given by MM. Rilliet 
 and Barthez to fine white or yellow minute points 
 of tuberculous matter occurring in myriads, so as 
 to be likened to dust. 
 
 POWDER, Pulvis. 
 
 Powder op jSIthio'pia, Guy's. A once cele- 
 brated anthelmintic, which consisted of pure 
 rasped tin, mercury, and sulphur, triturated to- 
 gether. 
 
 Powder op Aloes, Compound, Pulvis aloes 
 eompositus, Pulvis sulphatis aluminse compositus 
 
 — p. of Aloes with canella, Pulvis aloes cum ca- 
 nella — p. Antimonial, Chenevix's, Antimonial 
 powder — p. Aromatic, Pulvis aromaticus. 
 
 Powder, Arsenical, of Come, CSme's powder 
 
 — a caustic — is formed of arsenious acid, gr. x; 
 red sulphuret of mercury, gr. xl ; powdered ani- 
 mal charcoal, gr. X. It is made into a paste with 
 mucilage. 
 
 Powder of Arum, compound, Pulvis de aro 
 eompositus — p. of Asarabacca, compound, Pulvis 
 asari compositus — p. of Bladder-wrack, yellow, 
 Pulvis querciis marine — p. Bleaching, Calcis 
 chloridum — p. Gamboge, Pulvis e gummi gutta — 
 p. Cardinal del Lugo's, Cinchona — p. of Chalk, 
 compound, Pulvis cretse eompositus — p. of Chalk 
 with opium, compound, Pulvis cretse compositus 
 cum opio — p. of Cinnamon, compound, Pulvis 
 cinnamomi compositus — p. Come's, Powder arse- 
 nical of Come — p. of Contrayerva, compound, 
 Pulvis eontrayervas compositus — p. Countess's, 
 Cinchona — p. Countess of Kent's, Cantianus pul- 
 vis — p. Cyprus, Hibiscus abelmoschus — p. Do- 
 ver's, Pulvis ipecacuanhas compositus. 
 
 Powder op Dupuytrbn (Caustic;) (F.) Pou- 
 dre de Dupuytren, formed of 1 part of arsenious 
 acid and 200 parts of mild chloride of mercury. 
 A mild and manageable caustic for causing an 
 eschar on exposed surfaces, and in lupus, &c. 
 
 Powder, Earl op Warwick's, Pulvis corna- 
 ehini — p. of Ethiopia, Powder of ^Ethiopia. 
 
 Powder op Faynard. A celebrated powder 
 for arresting hemorrhage, said to be nothing 
 more than the charcoal of beech wood finely pul- 
 verized. 
 
 Powder, Fever, Schwaxberg's, Antimonial 
 powder. 
 
 Powder-Folder. In Pharmacy, an apparatus 
 by which papers containing powders are folded 
 of the desired length. 
 
 Powder, Ginger-beer, see Amomum zingiber 
 — p. Gout, Duke of Portland's, Pulvis Ducis Port- 
 landiae— p. of Burnt hartshorn with opium, Pul- 
 vis cornu cervi cum opio — p. Ipecacuanha com- 
 pound, Pulvis ipecacuanhae compositus — p. of 
 Jalap, compound, Pulvis jalapse compositus — p. 
 James's, factitious, Antimonial powder — p. Je- 
 suit's, Cinchona — p. of Kino, compound, Pulvis 
 kino compositus — p. of Lemonade, see Lemonade 
 ■ — p. of Magnesia, compound, Pulvis de magne- 
 siS. compositus — p. of the Marquis, Marchionis 
 pulvis — p. Mead's, against the bite of a Mad dog, 
 Pulvis antilyssus — p. Myrrh, compound, Pulvis 
 myrrhas compositus — p. Portland, Pulvis Ducis 
 Portlandiae — p. of the three Sanders, see Dia- 
 trium — p. Scammony and aloes, Pulvis scammo- 
 nii cum aloe — p. Scammony compound, Pulvis 
 scammonice compositus — p. of Senna, compound, 
 Pulvis sennae compositus^p. Sneezing, see Vera- 
 trum album — p. Spruce beer, see Spruce beer — 
 
 p. Tennant's, Calcis chloridum — p. Tooth, Denti- 
 fricium — p. Tragacanth, compound, Pulvis traga- 
 canthse compositus. 
 
 Powder, Vien'na, is composed of equal parts 
 of quicklime and potassa cum calce. In using 
 it, it is made into a paste — Vienna paste, (F.) 
 Caustique de Vienne — with spirits of wine, and is 
 applied on the diseased part, previously circum- 
 scribed by a hole cut in a sticking plaster. 
 
 To be left on from 10 to 20 minutes, according 
 to the depth of the eschar required. Used iii 
 cases of lupous ulceration. 
 
 By fusing the potass and lime, and raising the 
 heat so as to cause ebullition, the caustic may be 
 run into cylinders : — when it is called Caustique- 
 Filhos, Cans' ticum Viennen'se fusum Filhos, from 
 the name of the author of the process. 
 
 Powders, Castillon, so called from the name 
 of the physician who first proposed them. They 
 are formed oi sago, in powder; salep, in powder; 
 tragacanth, in powder, each, four parts ; pre- 
 pared oyster-shells, one part, cochineal, half a 
 part, divided into powders of one drachm each ; 
 one of which is given three or four times a day aa 
 a demulcent in diarrhoea and dysentery. 
 
 Powders, Soda, Pul'veres effervescen'tes, (F.) 
 Poudres gazi/eres simples. (Soda carb. ^^^j "^ 
 each blue paper; tartaric acid, gr. xxv in each 
 •!cH?e paper; for half a pint of water.) A pleasant, 
 cooling drink; taken during the efiervescence. 
 
 Seidlitz Powders, (F.) Poudres gazi/eres laxa- 
 tives ou Poudres de Seidlitz, contain one or two 
 drachms of tartrate of potassa and soda, added 
 to the alkali in the blue paper. 
 
 POWER, Faculty— p. Inherent, Irritability— 
 p. Tonic, Irritability. 
 
 POX, Syphilis, Variola — p. Chicken, Varicella 
 — p. Doctor, Syphilidiater — p. French, Sj'philis 
 — p. Grease, see Grease — p. Noddle, Syphiloma- 
 nia — p. Small, Variola — p. Swine, see Varicella — 
 p. Water, see Varicella. 
 
 POZZUOLI, MINERAL WATERS OF. Poz- 
 zuoli is in the neighbourhood of Naples. The 
 springs are, 1. Acqua della pietra. Temp. 91° Fah. 
 2. Acqua di Cavalcanti, Temp. 100°. A. di sub- 
 veni homini, Temp. 102°; A. del cantarello, Termp. 
 86 to 89°; and that of the Temple of Serapis in 
 Pozzuoli, Temp. 102 to 107°. The last contains 
 carbonic acid, carbonates of lime, magnesia, alu- 
 mina, and iron, carbonate of soda, chloride of 
 sodium, sulphate of lime, and silica. 
 
 PRACTICE OF PHYSIC, Therapeutics. 
 
 PRACTITIONER, GENERAL, Surgeon apo- 
 thecary — p. Irregular, see Irregular — p. Regular, 
 see Regular — p. Routine, Routinist. 
 
 PR^BIUM, Dose. 
 
 PR^CAUTIO, Prophylaxis. 
 
 PR^CIPITANS MAGNUM, Sepia. 
 
 PR^CIPITATUM ALBUM, Hydrargyrum 
 prsecipitatum. 
 
 PR^CIPITATUS RUBER, Hydrargyri ni- 
 trico-oxydum. 
 
 PR^CISIO PR^PUTII, Circumcision. 
 
 PR^COCIA, Prunus Armeniaca. 
 
 PRECOCITY, Prseotia. 
 
 PR^COGNITIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PRjECORD'IA, from prcB, 'before,' and cor, 
 ' the heart.' The diaphragm ; also, the thoracic 
 viscera, and the epigastrium. 
 
 Pr^icor'dial or Precordial Region, Re'gio 
 prcBcordiaca seu prcBcordia'lis, is the epigastric 
 region. Also, and more properly, the region of 
 the heart. A line drawn from the inferior mar 
 gins of the third ribs across the sternum, passes 
 over the valves of the pulmonary artery a littlo 
 to the left of the mesial line, and those of tho 
 aorta are behind them, but about half an inch 
 lower down. A vertical line, coinciding with thd 
 
PR^CORDIUM 
 
 710 
 
 rREGNANCT 
 
 left margin of the sternum, has about one-third, 
 of the heart, comprising the upper portion of the 
 right ventricle, on the right, — and two-thirds, 
 comprising the lower portion of the right ventri- 
 de and the whole of the left, on the left. This 
 is the prascordial region. 
 
 PRiECORDIUM, Fossefte du ccenr— p. Pedis, 
 Metatarsus. 
 
 PRiECOX MATURITAS, Preeotia. 
 
 PR^CUSTODIA, Prophylaxis. 
 
 PRiEDICTIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PR.EDISPOSITIO, Predisposition. 
 
 PRiEDIVINATIO, Mantia. 
 
 PRiEDOMIN'IUM; from pra, 'before,' and 
 dominus, ' a lord.' Predominance of one thing 
 over another. 
 
 Prjedomin'ium Aqtj^. A predominance of 
 watery fluid, — Tenu'itas aquo'sa. 
 
 Pr^domixidm San'guinis Arterio'si. a pre- 
 dominance of arterial blood, Arterios'itas san'- 
 guinis. 
 
 Pr^domin'ium-San'guinis Veno'si, Vertos'itas 
 San'gninis. Predominance of venous blood. 
 
 PR^FOCATIO, Orthopnoea, Suffocation — p. 
 raucium, Angone — p. Matricis, Angone — p. Ute- 
 rina, Angone. 
 
 PR^FOCATION, Strangulatio uterina. 
 
 PR^^GNANS, Pregnant. 
 
 PR^GNAS. Pregnant. 
 
 PR^GNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 PR^GNATUS, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 PR^GNAX, Pregnant. 
 
 PRxSlGUSTATIO, Avant-gont. 
 
 PR^HENSIO, Prehensio. 
 
 PR^LIN'GUA. The anterior part or tip of 
 the tongue. 
 
 PRjSILIUM, Coition, Press, Tourniquet — p. 
 Arteriale, Tourniquet. 
 
 PR^LUMBARIS, Prelumbar. 
 
 PR^NOTIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PRJiNUNTIATIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PR^PARATIO, Preparation— p. Chyli, Chy- 
 lification. 
 
 PR^PARATUM, Preparation. 
 
 PR^POTEN'TIA, from pra, ' before,' and pa- 
 tens, ' powerful.' Great power or strength. 
 
 Pr^poten'tia Viri'lis. Great, or too great 
 procreative power on the part of the male. 
 
 PR^POTIO, Propotismos. 
 
 PR^PUTIALIS, Preputial. 
 
 PR^PUTIUM, Prepuce. 
 
 PR^SAGIUM, Mantia. 
 
 PRiESCIENTIA, Prognosis. 
 
 PR^SCITIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PR^,SCRTPTIO, Prescription. 
 
 PRiESEPIOLUM, Alveolus. 
 
 PRiESEPIUM, Alveolus. 
 
 PR^SERVATIO, Prophylaxis. 
 
 PRJ3SERVATIVUM, Amuletum. 
 
 PR^^SERVATO'RIA INDICA'TIO. A pre- 
 servative indication ; one proper for preventing 
 the development of disease. 
 
 PR^SERVATORIUS, Prophylactic. 
 
 PR^SPINALIS, Prespinal. 
 
 PR^TIBIALIvS, Pretibial. 
 
 PRAIRIE BUSH, STINKING, Ptelea trifo- 
 liata — p. Pines, Liatris. 
 
 PRASINUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 }'RASINUS, Porraceous. 
 
 PRASI'TES, from prasium, 'horehound.' 
 Wine in which the leaves of horehound have 
 been infused. 
 
 PRASIUM, Marrubium. 
 
 PRASUM, Allium Prasum. 
 
 PRAXIS, Action. 
 
 Praxis Med'ica. The practical exercise of 
 the healing art. 
 
 PRECIPITATE, RED, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 
 oxydum — p. White, Hydrargyrum prsecipita- 
 tum. 
 
 PRECIPITA'TION, Praeipita'tio, (F.) Pre- 
 cipi'ie, from prmcq}itm-e, (prcB, 'before,' and ca- 
 put, ' the head,') ' to throw headlong.' The ac- 
 tion by which a body abandons a liquid in which 
 it is dissolved, and becomes deposited at the bot- 
 tom of the vessel. The matter, so thrown down 
 or precipitated, is called a precipitate. 
 
 PRECIPITATION BE LA MATRICE, Pro- 
 cidentia ut«ri. 
 
 PRECIPITE BLANC, Hydrargyrum praci- 
 pitatum. 
 
 PRECORDIAL, Prfficordial. 
 
 PRECUR'SORY, Prcecurso'riiis ; from prcB, 
 'before,' and curro, ciirsum, 'I run.' That which 
 precedes. 
 
 Precur'sort or Premon'itory Signs or Symp- 
 toms, (F.) Siynes precurseurs, S. a.vant covreurs, 
 are those which indicate an approaching disease. 
 
 PREDISPONENT CAUSES, see Causes, pre- 
 disponent. 
 
 PREDISPOSIT"ION, Prcedispos{t"io, Semin'- 
 ia inorbo' rum (Gaxthms) ; from ^jj-fg, 'before,' and 
 disponere, 'to dispose.' (Y.) Imminence morbide. 
 That constitution or condition of the body, which 
 disposes it to the action of disease under the ap- 
 plication of an exciting cause. Thus, in heredi- 
 tary diseases, the conformation is such, that but 
 a slight exciting cause may be required to pro- 
 duce them. When the disease arises solely from 
 the predisposition, or under the additional influ- 
 ence of an extremely slight exciting cause, it is, 
 by some, termed a dispiosition. 
 
 PREDOR'SAL, Pradorsa'lis, from pros, 'be- 
 fore,' and dorsum, 'the back.' 
 
 Pr^dorsal Region of the vertebral column is 
 the anterior surface of the dorsal region. 
 
 PRE-BOBSO-ATLOlBIEN, Longus colli. 
 
 PRE-BORSO-CERVICAL, Longus colli. 
 
 PREG'NANCY, Prcegna'tio, Pragna'tus, Im- 
 prcsgna'tio, Ingravida'tio, Ingravida'tiun, from 
 pircB, ' before,' and genere, ' to beget.' Bj/sterocije'- 
 sis, Gravid' itas, G. uteri' na, En'cymon,Cije'sis, En- 
 cye'sis, En'cysis, Enci/mo'sia, Ct/opho' ria, Gesta'- 
 tion, Fceta'tioii, Vtero-gesta'tion ; (F.) Grossesse. 
 The state of a female who has within her a fecun- 
 dated germ, which gradually becomes developed in 
 or out of the uterus. When placed in the cavity of 
 the uterus, — by virtue of the vital principle which 
 animates it, it becomes attached to the inner sur- 
 face of that viscus, and obtains from it indirectly 
 the nutriment necessary for its gradual develop- 
 ment, during the space of ten lunar months or 
 two hundred and eighty days — the ordinary tertn 
 or duration oi gestation, sXihongh the period may 
 be protracted to 300 days or upwards, — at the 
 expiration of which parturition occurs. Preg- 
 nancy is commonly limited to a single fcetus : at 
 times, the uterus contains two or three. — See Re- 
 production. Occasionally, one or two moles — the 
 degenerated products of conception — alone occu- 
 py the uterus : — at other times, a foetus likewise 
 exists. In certain cases, and owing to accidental 
 circumstances, the fecundated ovum remains in 
 the ovarium, or is arrested in the Fallopian tube. 
 Pregnancy has, accordingly, been distinguished 
 into, 1. Natural or uterine, when the fa?tus is 
 carried in the cavity of the womb : and, 2. Pre- 
 ternatural or extra-uterine, Exfata'tion, Concep'- 
 tio vitio'sa, Paracye'sia seu Eccyc'sis, Evthystero- 
 cye'sis, EcJithysterocye'sis, Bysto'cia, Byscye'nis 
 seu Gravid'itas extra-uteri'na, (F.) Grossesse-con- 
 tre-nature, — when it occurs in the ovarium, tube, 
 or cavity of the abdomen. 
 
 During pregnancy, the female experiences re- 
 markable changes in the condition of her organa 
 
PREaNANCY 
 
 711 
 
 PRENANTHES 
 
 and functions. The genital apparatus is, of 
 course, most affected. The uterus changes its 
 shape, situation, size, and texture. The usual 
 signs of pregnancy are, — suppression of the cata- 
 mcnia ; the abdomen gradually enlarging and 
 forming a hard tumour; the umbilicus prominent 
 in the latter months ; the breasts increasing in 
 size ; the areola round the nipple becoming darker 
 and the follicles more developed ; kyestein in the 
 urine from an early period ; a bluish tint of the 
 vagina after the fourth week ; about the fifth 
 month, the evidence by hallottement, and the pla- 
 cental souffle and sound of the foetal heart heard 
 on auscultation ; the motion of the foetus per- 
 ceptible, and the neck of the uterus diminishing 
 in length at the advanced periods. 
 
 Preg!*ancv, Abdom'inal, Eccye'sis ahdomina'- 
 lis, Cosliocye'sis, Gravid'itas abdoniina'lis, (F.) 
 Grossesse abdominale. That in which the ovum 
 has escaped into the cavity of the abdomen. 
 
 Phegnancy, Afce'tal, Pregnancy loithout a 
 fcetus, (F.) Grossesse afoetale, G. sans foetus. 
 Pregnancy produced by a false or degenerate 
 conception, or any other affection, which has 
 given place to unusual development of the uterus. 
 Madame Boivin includes in this class, sarco-hys- 
 terie, hydro-hysterie, gazo-hysteric, and hemato- 
 hystei'ic pregnancies. 
 
 PREG>fANCY, BlGEJi'lNAL, (F.) Grossesse bige- 
 tninale, Double pregnancy. Pregnancy in which 
 there are twins in utero. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Complex, (F.) Grossesse eom- 
 plexe, G. inter-extra uterine, is when the womb, 
 besides a fostus, contains much water, hydatids, 
 a mole, <fcc. 
 
 Pregnancy, Compound, Polybreph'ia, Poly- 
 cye'sia. Poly eye' sis, (F.) Grossesse composee, is 
 when there are two or three foetuses in the cavity 
 of the uterus. 
 
 Pregnancy, Double, Pregnancy, bigeminal — 
 p. Duration of, see Pregnancy — p. Extra-uterine, 
 "see Pregnancy. 
 
 Preg'nancy, False, Gravid'itas spuria, (F.) 
 Grossesse fauase ou apparente, Pseudocye'sis. 
 Authors have called thus different affections of 
 a more or less serious character, which resemble 
 pregnancy ; so as, at tim'es, to impose upon the 
 best-informed practitioners. These diseases may 
 be seated in the uterus or its dependencies, in 
 the intestines or some other part of the abdomen. 
 They may be ; — a mole, hydatids, water, blood, 
 or polypus distending the parietes of the uterus ; 
 — chronic enlargement of the uterus; develop- 
 ment of tumours, &o., in its substance; — scirrhus ; 
 dropsy of the ovaria; ascites; tympanites, &c. 
 
 Pregnancy, Fcetal, (F.) Grossesse fcetale. 
 Pregnancy in which there is a fcetus, or more 
 than one, in the uterus or out of it. Madame 
 Boivin puts in this class — the solitary, bigeminal, 
 trigeminal, and sarco-foetal pregnancies, which 
 form the first ord^r; and the tubal, ovarial, and 
 abdominal, which constitute the second. 
 
 Pregnancy, Gazo-hyster'ic, (F.) Grossesse 
 Gazo-hysierique. Afoetal pregnancy, caused by 
 development of air or gas in the cavity of the 
 womb. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, H^mato-hysteric, (F.) Grossesse 
 Tiemato-hysterique. Afcetal pregnancy, caused 
 by accumulation of blood in the uterus. — Madame 
 Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Hydro-hysteric, (F.) Grossesse 
 hydro-hysterique. Afoetal pregnancy, occasioned 
 by the secretion and accumulation of serous fluid 
 in the uterus. 
 
 Pregnancy, Interstit"ial, Gravid'itas in 
 vteri substan'tid, Gravid'itas interstitia'lis. The 
 development of the embryo in the proper sub- 
 Stance of the uterus. The case generally termi- 
 
 nates fatally at an early period of gestation; the 
 thin external paries of the uterus being ruptured, 
 and the ovum passing into the abdominal cavity. 
 
 Pregnancy, Morbid, Paravyc'sis, Dysio'cio, 
 Dyscye'sis. The progress of pregnancy disturbed 
 or endangered by the supervention of general or 
 local disorder. — Good. 
 
 Pregnancy, Ova'rian, (F.) Grossesse ovaridinK 
 ou de I'ovaire, Eccye'sis ova'ria, Oariocy-'sis, 
 O'dcye'sis, Gravid'itas extra-uteri' i^a in oi'a'rio. 
 Pregnancy in which the foetus is developed in the 
 interior of the ovary. 
 
 Pregnancy, Plea of. A plea, which a woman, 
 capitally convicted, may set up in arrest of exe- 
 cution until she is delivered. See Jury of Ma- 
 trons, and De ventre inspiciendo. 
 
 Pregnancy, Pretend'ed. The criminal act 
 of a female, who, not having been delivered, pre- 
 sents an infant as having been born of her. (F.} 
 Supposition de part. (This tei'm, in French, 
 likewise includes the case of a female, who, hav- 
 ing been delivered of a dead child, substitutes foi 
 it a living child which is not hers.) 
 
 Pregnancy, Sarco-fcetal, (F.) Grossesse sar- 
 co-fcetale. Pregnancy in which there are one or 
 more foetuses, and one or more moles. — Madame 
 Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Sarco-Hysteeic, (F.) Grossesse 
 sarco-hysterique. Afoetal pregnancy formed bj' 
 moles, hydatids, or a false conception. — Madame 
 Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Sol'itary, (F.) Grossesse solitaire 
 ou simple. Pregnancy in which there is a single 
 foetus. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Trigem'inal, (F.) Grossesse tri- 
 geminale ou triple. Pregnancy in which there 
 are three foetuses in the cavity of the uterus. — 
 Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Tubal, (F.) Grossesse tubairc, 
 Eccye'sis tubu'lis. Pregnancy where the fcetus 
 remains and is developed in the Fallopian tube. 
 
 Pregnancy, Uterine, see Pregnancy. 
 
 Pregnancy, Utero- abdom'inal, (F.) Grossesse 
 utevo-abdominale. Pregnancy consisting of two 
 foetuses; one in the uterus — the other in the ab- 
 dominal cavity. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Utero-ova'rial, (F.) Grossesse 
 utero-ovarienne. Pregnancy with two foetuses, 
 one in the womb, the other in the ovary. 
 
 Pregnancy, Utero-tubal, (F.) Grossesse utt- 
 ro-tubaire. Pregnancy in which there is at the 
 same time a fcetus in the womb and another in 
 the Fallopian tube. 
 
 PREGNANT, Pragnans, Prcegnas, Prmgna:>', 
 Encnr'pos, Grav'ida, Plena mu'lier, Incinc'ta, 
 Gravid, Breeding, (F.) Enceinte. One in a state 
 of pregnancy; — one with child. 
 
 PREHENSIO, Catalepsy, Epilepsy. 
 
 PREHEN'SION, Prehen'sio, from preheiiderc, 
 ' to lay hold of.' 
 
 Prehension of Food is the act of carrying it 
 to the mouth, and introducing it into that cavity. 
 It is, also, called Assump'tio, Proslep' sis, Pros'- 
 phora. \ 
 
 PRJ&LE, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 
 PRELOMBAIRE, Prelumbar. 
 
 PRELOMBO-PUBIEN, Psoas parvus—/), 
 TrocJitntin, Psoas magnus. 
 
 PRELUM, Press — p. Arteriale, Tourniquet. 
 
 PRELUM'BAR, Prailumba'ris, (F.) Prelom 
 baire, from prai, 'before,' and Inmbi, 'the loins.' 
 That which is placed before the loins. The pre- 
 lumbar surface of the spinal column is the ante- 
 rior surface of the lumbar portion. 
 
 PREMONITORY, see Precursory. 
 
 PRENAN'THES, Gall of the Earth, Dewin 
 Snakeroot, Lion's Foot. There are many specie* 
 
PRENDRE 
 
 ri2 
 
 PRESCRIPTION 
 
 of this indigenous plant, whose root and milky 
 juice are very bitter. They are used in popular 
 practice in dysentery; and in the form of cata- 
 plasm to bites of serpents. 
 
 Prenanthes Serpentahia, Nabalus albus. 
 
 PRENDRE INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate. 
 
 PREPARA'TION, Prapara'tio, from prce, 
 'before/ and parare, paratum, 'to get ready.' 
 The act of making ready any substance whatever 
 that has to be employed for any purpose. 
 
 Also, the product of any pharmaceutical ope- 
 ration ; — Prapara'tum. 
 
 xiny part of the human body, preserved for the 
 uses of the anatomist, is so called. 
 
 PREP'UCE, PrcBpu'thim, perhaps from vpos, 
 and TcoaQri, ' the foreskin.' Epago'gium, Posthe, 
 I'ella, Pos'thium, Pu'tium, Foreskin. The pro- 
 longation of the integuments of the penis, which 
 covers the glans. The prepuce is composed of 
 two membranous layers : one external or cuta- 
 neous ; the other internal or mucous, separated 
 by areolar membrane. The mucous membrane 
 lines the inner surface of the cutaneous layer till 
 beyond the glans, when it is reflected over the 
 latter; forming, behind the corona, a small cul- 
 de-sac above the corpora cavernosa, which is in- 
 t-errupted by a triangular duplicature of the mu- 
 cous membrane, called the. franum , fixed in the 
 furrow at the inferior part of the glans, and ter- 
 minating at a little distance from the orifice of 
 the urethra. The clitoris is covered by a semi- 
 lunar fold formed by a continuation of the skin 
 of the labia. It is called PrcBpu'tium clitor'idia. 
 
 PREPU'TIAL, PrcBputia'lis ; same etymon. 
 Belonging or relating to the prepuce; — as the 
 ' preputial secretion,' — or that which takes place 
 from the lining of the prepuce covering the glans. 
 
 PRESBYODOCHIUM, Gerocomium. 
 
 PRESBYON'OSI; from 57p£cr/3uj, 'old,' and 
 roaos, ' disease.' Diseases of old age. 
 
 PRESBYOPIA, Presbytia. 
 
 PRESBYSPHACELUS, Gangrene of old 
 people. 
 
 PRESBYT'IA, Preshyo'pia, Amhlyo'pia prox- 
 iiiw'rum, Visus seni'lis, Pres'hynpy, (P.) Vue 
 Inngue ; from -rpscrfivi, ' an old person.' A very 
 high degree is termed Hypierpreshyt' ia. A con- 
 dition of vision, common in old persons, which 
 consists in the circumstance of near objects being 
 confusedly seen, whilst those at a greater dis- 
 tance are clearly distinguished. It is supposed 
 to depend generally on diminution of the convex- 
 ity of the cornea; whence results an alteration in 
 the convergency of the rays, so that they form a 
 focus behind the retina. This defect is remedied 
 by the use of convex glasses, which augment the 
 convergence of the luminous rays. It is, also, 
 called Lo»ff-eic/hted>iess, Parop'sia longin'qua, 
 Dyao'pia proximo' rum. 
 
 PRESCRIP'TION, Prascrip'tio, Anag'raphe, 
 from prcB, ' before,' and scrihere, ' to write.' For'- 
 rinila med'ica, PrcBScrip'tio med'ica, Recep'tiiin, 
 (F.) Formule, Ordonnance. The formula which 
 the physician writes for the composition of medi- 
 cine adapted to any case of disease. A prescrip- 
 tion should be as simple as possible, and should 
 bear upon its face the evidence of the objects to 
 be fulfilled by it. No article should form part 
 of it, unless adapted for serving some useful pur- 
 pose. A compound prescription has been divided 
 into four parts :— the huaiB or principal ingredient 
 ■>f the prescription ; the ad'juvana, or that which 
 !s designed to promote the action of the former; 
 the cnr'r-igcnn, or that intended to correct its ope- 
 ration, or obviate any unpleasant symptom which 
 il may be apt to produce; and the coimtit'ucnt, 
 ifQ-ip'ieiit, or substance which gives to the other 
 
 ingredients consistence or form. All these are 
 seen in the following formula for cathartic pills : 
 
 Aloes 5J Basis. 
 
 Hyd. Chlorid. mit. gr. x Adjuuam. 
 
 Olei Carui gtt. v Corrigena. 
 
 Syrupi q. s Coiiatituens. 
 
 M. et fiant. PilulaB xx. See Symbol. 
 
 It is obvious, however, that most prescriptions 
 are more simple than this. The basis, for exam- 
 ple, may require neither adjuvant, corrigent, nor 
 constituent. 
 
 Dr. Paris has given the following synopsis of 
 the principles of medicinal combination, lamato- 
 taxtolog"ia, lamatvsyntaxiolog" ia, which may 
 serve as an instructive guide to the prescriber : — 
 
 OBJECT I. 
 
 TO PROMOTE THE ACTION OF THE BASIS. 
 
 A. By combining the several different forms or 
 preparations of the same auhstance. B. By com- 
 bining the basis with substances which are of the 
 same nature ; i. e., which are individually capa- 
 ble of producing the same effects, with less ener- 
 gy than when in combination with each other. 
 C. By combining the basis with substances of a 
 different nature, and which do not exert any che- 
 mical influence upon it, but are found by expe- 
 rience, or inferred by analogy, to be capable of 
 rendering the stomach or system more suscepti- 
 ble of its action. 
 
 OBJECT II. 
 
 TO CORRECT THE OPERATION OF THE BASIS BT OE- 
 VIATINQ ANY UNPLEASANT EFFECTS IT MIGHT 
 BE LIKELY TO OCCASION, AND WHICH WOULD 
 PERVERT ITS INTENDED ACTION, AND DEFEAT 
 THE OBJECT OF ITS EXHIBITION. 
 
 A. By chymicully neutralizing or mecTianically 
 separating the offending ingredient. B. By add- 
 ing some substance calculated to guard the sto- 
 mach or system against its deleterious effects. 
 
 OBJECT III. 
 
 TO OBTAIN THE JOINT OPERATION OF TWO OR MORE 
 MEDICINES. 
 
 A. By uniting those medicines which are cal- 
 culated to produce the same ultimate results, but 
 by modes of operation totally different. B. By 
 combining medicines which have entirely differ- 
 ent powers ; and which are required to obviate 
 different symptoms, or to answer different indi- 
 cations. 
 
 OBJECT IV. 
 
 TO OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY, NOT AF- 
 FORDED BY ANY SINGLE SDESTANCE. 
 
 A. By combining medicines which excite dif- 
 ferent actions in the stomach and system, in con- 
 sequence of which neie or modified results are 
 produced. B. By combining substances which 
 have the property of acting chymically upon each 
 other ; tho results of which are : — a. The forma- 
 tion of new compounds; h. The decomposition 
 of the original ingredients, and the development 
 of the more active elements. C. By comlDining 
 substances, between which no other change is 
 induced than a diminution or increase in the so- 
 lubility of the principles in which their medicinal 
 virtues reside, a. By the intervention of sub- 
 stances that act chymically. h. By tho addition 
 of ingredients whose operation is entirely me- 
 chanical. 
 
 OBJECT V. 
 
 TO AFFORD AN ELIGIBLE FORM. 
 
 Of. By which the efficacy of the remedy is en- 
 hanced, h. By which its aspect or Jlavour It 
 
PKESENTATION 
 
 ns 
 
 PRIMULA 
 
 rendered more agreeable, or its mode of adminis- 
 tration more convenient, c. By which it is pre- 
 served from the spontaneous decomposition to 
 which it is liable. 
 
 [The vocabulary in the author's " Medical Stu- 
 dent," Philad. 1844, will aid the student, not only 
 in translating, but in writing his prescriptions 
 more 8olitoS\ 
 
 PRESENTA'TION, from (Lat.) ^)-<Bse)is, (prce, 
 'before,' and ens, 'being.') The part of a foetus 
 which is ie\t presenting, on examination ^e?- vagi- 
 nam. When the head presents, and especially 
 the vertex, or the feet, knees, or breec^i, the pre- 
 sentation is said to be natural: when any other 
 part, preternatural, and the labour is styled per- 
 verse or preternatural, Parodyn'ia perver'sa, Dys- 
 t/j'cia perver'sa. Cross-birth, (F.) Accouchement 
 (mitre nature. When any part besides the head, 
 feet, knees, or breech presents, the operation of 
 turning becomes necessary. See Parturition. 
 PRE^SIS, Swelling. 
 PRESLE, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 PRESMA, Swelling. 
 
 PRESPI'NAL, PrcBspina'lis, from prcs, 'be- 
 fore,' and spina, ' the spine.' That which is 
 situate before the spine. The prespinal surface 
 of the vertebral column is the anterior surface. 
 
 PRESS, Prce'lium, Prm'lium, Presso'rium, Pi- 
 ester, Pieste'rion, (F.) Pressoir, Presse. An in- 
 strument for sulijecting matters to considerable 
 pressure, for the purpose of separating the liquid 
 from the solid portion. 
 
 Press op Herophilus, Torcular Herophili. 
 PRESSE-ART^RE. An instrument invented 
 by Deschamps for the immediate compression of 
 wrteries. It is composed of a plate six or seven 
 lines long, and three broad, and of a rod or stem 
 two inches long, placed perpendicularly above 
 the plate and riveted. At each extremity of the 
 plate is a hole, through which each of the ends 
 of the ligature, to be placed upon the artery, is 
 passed. The ligature is then to be tightened by 
 drawing the ends, and fixing them to the perpen- 
 dicular rod. This presse-artere or serre-artere, 
 surrounded with charpie, remains in the wound, 
 until there is no longer danger of hemorrhage. 
 The ligature is then cut, and the instrument 
 withdrawn. It is an unnecessary instrument. 
 
 PRESSE-URETHRE, Jugum Penis. A kind 
 of forceps of elastic iron, the branches of which, 
 padded, may be approximated or separated by 
 means of a screw. The penis is introduced be- 
 tween the branches, one of them being applied 
 to the urethra, and the screw is tightened so as 
 to exercise a degree of pressure sufiSeient to bring 
 the parietes of the canal in contact. This instru- 
 ment is sometimes used in incontinence of urine, 
 to prevent the constant discharge of that fluid. 
 PRESSIO. Pressure. 
 
 PRESS ION ABD03IINALE, Pressure, ab- 
 dominal. 
 
 PRESSOIR, Press— p. d'Eerophile, Torcular 
 Herophili. 
 
 PRESSORIUM, Press. 
 
 PRESSURE, Pres'aio, from premo, pressum, 
 ' I press.' The action of pressing. 
 
 Pressure, Abdoji'inal, (F. ) Pression abdomi- 
 nale. A mode of examination by means of which 
 the sensibility, size, suppleness, or hardness of 
 any morbid abdominal viscus may be compared, 
 in these respects, with its healthy condition. 
 Bichat proposed, with the view of exploring the 
 state of the thoracic organs, to exert a pressure 
 from below upwards on the abdominal organs, so 
 as to crowd them upon the diaphragm, and thus 
 to diminish the dimensions of the cavity of the 
 chest, noticing to what esteut respiration was 
 
 affected by this action. No great information 
 can of course be derived from it. 
 
 PRETENDED DISEASES, Feigned disea^^es. 
 
 PRBTIB'IAL, PrcBtibia'lis, from prcB, 'befoK;,' 
 and tibia, ' the tibia.' That which is situate be- 
 fore the tibia; as the ilio-pretibial and ischio- 
 pretibial muscles. 
 
 PREVEN'TIVE, ROYAL, from prmvenire, 
 (prcp, and venire,) 'to come before.' An empi- 
 rical preparation, used as a prophylactic against 
 the venereal virus. It is a solution of acetate of 
 lead, — the Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 PREVER'TEBRAL APONEURO'SIS. The 
 aponeurosis which covers the muscles of the pre- 
 vertebral region. 
 
 Previ4rtebral Artery. A ramus of the me- 
 ningeal branch, and sometimes even of the trunk, 
 of the pharyngeal artery, which is distributed to 
 the prevertebral region. 
 
 Prevertebral Muscles, see Cervical region, 
 antei-ior — p. Region, Cervical region, anterior. 
 
 PRIAPEIA, Nicotiana rustiea. 
 
 PRIAPIS'COS. Same etymon as the next. 
 Name of a piece of wood which forms part of the 
 scamnum Hippocraticum. Paulus of j3ilgina calls 
 thus a tent of linen shaped like a penis. 
 
 PRIAPIS'MUS, Tenti'go, T. Penis, Pri'apism, 
 Horn-colic (vulg.), Enta'sia Priapis'mus, Rhopa- 
 lis'mus, Satyri'asis, Styma, Stysis, from Tlpia-n-oSf 
 Priapus, 'the male organ.' Constant and dis- 
 tressing erection, without any voluptuous idea or 
 desire for venery. It is often symptomatic; and 
 sometimes the immediate result of morbific causes, 
 — of the action of cantharides, for example. The 
 application of cold liquids to the penis, and the 
 internal use of opium and camphor, are the means 
 usually had recourse to for its removal. 
 
 PRIAPITIS, Phallitis. 
 
 PRIA'PUS, Mutun'nus. In ancient mythology 
 the deity who presided over gardens and the parts 
 of generation, so called propter deformitatem et 
 membri virilis magnitudinem. 
 
 Priapus, Penis — p. Cervi, see Cervus — p. Ceti, 
 Leviathian penis. 
 
 PRICKING, Sax. ppiccian, (D.) prick en, 
 (F.) Picotement. A variety of pain, compared to 
 that which pointed bodies would occasion. 
 
 PRIDE OF CHINA, Melia azedarach— p. of 
 India, Melia azedarach — p. Tree, Melia azeda- 
 
 PRIEST-PHYSICIANS,.see Asclepiadse. 
 
 PRIEST'S PINTLE, Arum macnlatum. 
 
 PRIMA CELLA COLI, Csecum. 
 
 PRIMiE VI^. The first passages. The sto- 
 mach and intestinal canal: — the lacteals being 
 the seoun'dce vi'ce or second passages. See Ways, 
 digestive. 
 
 PRIMARY_^ CELL, see Cell. 
 
 PRIMEVERE, Primula veris. 
 
 PRIMIP'ARA, Primipartu' riens, from primus, 
 'first,' and parere, 'to bring forth.' A name 
 given to a female who brings forth for the first 
 time. 
 
 PRIMIPARTURIENS, Primipara. 
 
 PRIMI-STERNAL, Primi-sterna'lis, from pri- 
 mus, 'the first,' and sternum, 'the sternum.' M. 
 BSclard has called os primi-stcrnal or elavi-stcr- 
 nal, the bony portion of the sternum. 
 
 PRIMIT"I^. The first waters, or the loatem 
 discharged before the extrusion of the foetus. 
 
 PRIMITIVE BAND, see Nerve fibres — p. 
 Streak, Groove, primitive. 
 
 PRIMORDIAL CELL, see CelL 
 
 PRIMORDIUM, Arche. 
 
 PRIMROSE, EVENING, (Enothera biennis 
 — p. Tree, (Enothera biennis. 
 
 PRIMULA OFFICINALIS, P. veris— p. V*. 
 riabilis, P. veris. 
 
PKINCEPS 
 
 714 
 
 PROBASCAXTIUM 
 
 Prim'ola Veris, p. officina'h's sen varinh'Uis, 
 from pHm'idtis, 'the beginning.' So called, be- 
 cause it flowers in the beginning of the spring. 
 Veritas' culum, Paral'ysis, Herha paralys'eoa seu 
 -2)ai-ali/t'icci, the Ooicslip, Paigil or Peagle, (F.) 
 Primevere. J-'unnVy, Primulaoeae. Sex. Syst. Ven- 
 tandria Monogynia. The flowers have been con- 
 sidered to be mildly tonic, antispasmodic, and 
 anodyne. 
 
 Primula Vulga'ris. The leaves and roots of 
 this plant have been used as sternutatories. 
 
 PPlINCEPS, Rectum. 
 
 PrincepS Cervi'cis (Artery), Cervical Artery. 
 A branch of the occipital artery, which descends 
 between the splenius and complexus muscles, and 
 "laay be followed down to the lower part of the 
 neck. 
 
 Princeps Pol'ltcis (Arteria), Arte'ri'a magna 
 pul'lieis. When the two collateral arteries of the 
 ttiumb take origin from a common trunk — the 
 trunk is the Princejjs pollicis. 
 
 PRINCIPE CRYSTALLIZABLE BE BE- 
 ROSNE, Narcotine. 
 
 PRINCIPES niMEBIATS, Principles, im- 
 mediate. 
 
 PRINCIPIUM, Arehe, Element —p. Acidifi- 
 cans, Oxygen — p. Adstringens, Tannin — p. Byr- 
 podepsicum, Tannin — p. Coriaoeum, Tannin — p. 
 Ilydrogeneticum, Hydrogen — p. Hydroticum, 
 Hydrogen — p. Osygenans, Oxygen — p. Salivale, 
 see Saliva — p. Scytodepsicum, Tannin — p. Uri- 
 nosum, Urea. 
 
 PRIX'CIPLE, COL'OURING, OP THE 
 BLOOD. A name, given to the immediate prin- 
 ciple in animals, to which the blood owes its red 
 colour. It is solid, inodorous, and insipid. When 
 recently separated from blood, it has a purple- 
 red colour. When distilled, it furnishes, amongst 
 other products, a purple oil. It is insoluble in 
 water ; but, if diluted with that liquid, acquires 
 a vinous-red hue. It communicates a red colour 
 to the albumen of the blood, and aiFords, on ana- 
 lysis, iron, to which the colour has been ascribed. 
 See Hsemaphaein, and Haematin. 
 
 Principle, Digestive, Pepsin — p. Vital, see 
 Vital principle. 
 
 PRINCIPLES, IMME'DIATE, (F.) Principea 
 immediats, llateriaux immediats. A name given 
 to a considerable number of substances, composed 
 of at least three elements, and which are obtained 
 from animals and vegetables without alteration, 
 by simple processes, and, in some measure, im- 
 rnedio.tely . 
 
 Principles, Immediate, op Animals, Proxi- 
 mate pjrinciples, Organic Elements, Compounds 
 of Organization. These are divided into acid 
 principles, fatty principles, and principles which 
 are neither fat nor acid. The first include the 
 vric, rosacic, purpuric, allantoic, caseic, butyric, 
 Ac. The fatty principles are: — stearin, elain, 
 cholesterin, &c. ; and the last division includes 
 the most important compounds of organization : 
 — Jihrin, gelatin, albumen, casein, osmazome, &c. 
 
 Principles, Proximate, P. immediate. 
 
 PRINOS, P. verticilla'tus, Alean'na major lati- 
 fo'lia denta'ta, Aquifo'lium fo'liis decid'uis, Pri- 
 vos Grono'vii, Prinoa padifolius, Black Alder, 
 Virginia Winterberry, Whorled Winterberry, 
 Fevcrbush, (F.) Apalachine d feuilles de Prnnier. 
 Ord. Aquifoliaeeae. Sex. Syst. Ilexandria Mono- 
 gynia. The bark of this common shrub of the 
 United States is astringent, bitter, and pungent. 
 The berries are, likewise, bitter. The bark has 
 been used as a substitute for the cinchona, in in- 
 Ipfmittents, and as a tonic. 
 PEiif0.s Qronovii, Prinos. 
 
 Prinos L^TlGA'Trs, Smooth Winti -herry. 7:a- 
 
 digenous : has the same properties as 
 Prinos Papifolii s, Prinos. 
 PRIOX, Saw. 
 
 PRIOXO'DES, from irpiwv, ' a saw,' and ewos, 
 'shape.' Serra'ted. Applied to the sutures of 
 the head. 
 
 PRIOR AXXULA'RIS, Interos'seus qnariiis 
 of Winslow. An internal interosseous muscle, 
 which arises from the outside of the metacarpal 
 bone of the ring-finger, and is inserted into the 
 outside of the tendon on the back of the ring- 
 finger. Its use is to draw the ring-finger out- 
 wards. 
 
 PRIOR IN'DICIS, Exten'sor tnr'tii interno'- 
 dii in'diois, (F.) Sotts-metacarjjo-loteri-pjJialan- 
 gien. It arises from the outer or radial side of 
 the metacarpal bone of the fore finger, and is in- 
 serted into the outside of the tendon on the back 
 of the fore-finger. Action : — to draw the finger 
 outwards, towards the thumb. 
 
 Prior Indicis Pedis, Adductor In'dicis pedis. 
 An external, interosseous muscle of the foot, 
 which arises from the contiguous sides of the 
 metatarsal bones of the great and fore toes, and 
 is inserted into the inside of the root of the first 
 bone of the fore- toe. Action : — to pull the fore- 
 toe inwards. 
 
 Prior Medii, Prior medii digiti. 
 
 Prior Me'dii Dig"iti, Prior Medii, Second 
 interos' seons of Douglas. An external, interos- 
 seous muscle of the hand, which arises from the 
 corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones of 
 the fore and middle fingers, and is inserted into 
 the outside of the tendon on the back of the 
 middle finger. Action : — to draw the middle 
 finger outwards. 
 
 Prior Medii Digiti Pedis, Adductor viedii di- 
 giti pedis. An internal, interosseous muscle of 
 the foot, which arises from the inside of the me- 
 tatarsal bone of the middle toe, and is inserted 
 into the inside of the root of the first bone of tKe 
 middle toe. Use : — to pull the middle toe inwards, 
 or towards the inner side of the foot. 
 
 Prior Min'imi Digiti, Adduc'tor min'imi dig"- 
 iti. An internal, interosseous muscle of the foot, 
 which originates from the inside of the metatar- 
 sal bone of the little toe, and is inserted into the 
 inside of the root of the first bone of the little 
 toe. Action : — to pull the little toe inwards. 
 
 Prior Tertii Digiti Pedis, Addnc'ior lertii 
 dig"ifi pedis. An internal, interosseous muscle 
 of the foot, which arises from the inner and un- 
 der part of the metatarsal bone of the third of 
 the small toes, and is inserted into the inside of 
 the root of the first bene of the third of the small 
 toes. Action: — to pull the third of the small 
 toes inwards. 
 
 PRISIS, Brygmus, Trepanning. 
 
 PRISMA, Scobs. 
 
 PRISMUS, Brvsmus, Trepanning. 
 
 PRIVATE PARTS, Genital organs. 
 
 PRIVET, Ligustrum vulgare. 
 
 PRIVITIES, Genital organs. 
 
 PRIVY, Ligustrum vulgare — p. Members, Ge- 
 nital organs — p. Parts, Genital organs. 
 
 PRO, T-po, 'before.' A common prefix to words, 
 as in Procatarctic, Prostate, <tc. 
 
 PROAGOREUSIS, Prognosis. 
 
 PROBAXG, Betruso'rium ex bale'na. A long 
 slender rod of whalebone, with a piece of sponge 
 at its extremity, intended to push down extrane- 
 ous bodies, arrested in the a}sophagus, into the 
 stomach. A similar instrument is called by J. L. 
 Petit, Repoussoir d'aretes. 
 
 PROBARBIUM. Gencias. 
 
 PROBASCANIl'M. Amuletum. 
 
 PROBASCANTIUM, Amuletum. 
 
PROBE 
 
 715 
 
 PROCTOREHAGIA 
 
 PROBE, Catheterize, Specillum — p. Ej'ed, see 
 Specillum. 
 
 PROBIXG-, see Melosis. 
 
 PROBOLE, Processus. 
 
 PROCARDIUM, Scrobiculus cordis. 
 
 PRO CEDE, Process. 
 
 PROCEDURE, Procede. 
 
 PROCEPHALI. Capitones. 
 
 PROCERUS NASI, Pyramidalis nasi. 
 
 PROCES CILIAIRES, Ciliary processes. 
 
 PROCESS, Apopliysis, Processus. 
 
 Proc"ess, Ratio, (F.) Procede, from procedere, 
 to march forwards. Procedure, — method of per- 
 forming any operation, chemical, pharmaceutical, 
 or surgical. 
 
 Process, Cdneiforw, Basilary process — p. 
 Modelling, see Modelling Process — p. of Rau, 
 see Malleus — p. Vertical superior longitudinal, 
 Falx cerebri. 
 
 PROCES ' SUS. A process ; same etymon ; 
 Projectu'ra, Prob'ole. An apophysis or eminence 
 of a bone; see Apophysis; Also, any part ■which 
 seems prolonged beyond others witli which it is 
 in connexion ; as the Ciliary processes. 
 
 Processus Anconeus, Olecranon — p. Annu- 
 laris, Pons Varolii — p. Belenoides, see Belenoid 
 — p. Caudatus, Lobulus caudatus — p. a Cerebello 
 ad meduUam oblongatam. Corpora restiformia — 
 p. Cerebelli ad pontem. Peduncles of the cere- 
 bellum — p. Cerebelli ad testes, Peduncles of the 
 eerebellum — p. Cerebri lateralis, Cornu ammonis 
 
 — p. Ciliares, Ciliary processes — p. Clavatus, see 
 Funiculi graciles — ■ p. Cochleariformis, see Tym- 
 panum — p. Cuneiformis ossis occipitis, Basilary 
 process — p. Enteroidei cerebri, Convolutions 
 (cerebral) — p. Falciformis cerebelli, Falx cere- 
 belli — p. Falciformis durse matris, Falx cerebri — 
 p. Gracilis of Rau, see Malleus — p. Laterales 
 uteri, Tubie Fallopianaj — p. Mamillares, Papillae 
 of the kidney. Olfactory nerves — p. Mamillares 
 cerebri, Mamillary tubercles— p. Olivaris, Olivary 
 Process — p. Orbicularis cerebri, Infundibulum of 
 the brain — p. Papillares, Olfactory nerves — p. 
 Papillarum, Olfactory nerves — p. Rachidianus, 
 Medulla spinalis — p. Sterni xiphoideus. Xiphoid. 
 
 Proces'sus Ter'etes, Eminen'ticB seu Fascic'- 
 tiJi ter'etes. Two slightly convex bodies forming 
 the anterior wall or floor of the fourth ventricle 
 of the brain. They are separated by a longitu- 
 dinal groove, which is continuous, inferiorly, with 
 the sulcus longitudinalis posterior of the spinal 
 cord. They are crossed transversely by several 
 white and gray fasciculi — liitem transver'scB, stria 
 inedulla'res — the origin of the auditory nerves. 
 
 Processus ad Testes, see Valvula A''ieussenii 
 
 — p. Transversus durae matris. Tentorium — p. 
 Uvifer, Uvula — p. Ventriculi, Duodenum — p. 
 Xiphoides, Xiphoid cartilage — p. Xipho-sternalis, 
 Xiphoid cartilage — p. " Zygomaticus, Zygomatic 
 process. 
 
 PROCHEILA, Antelabia. 
 
 PROCHEILIDION, Proeheilon. 
 
 PROCHEI'LON, Proeheilid'ion, Praia' hiim, 
 Antiln'hium. The extreme projecting part or 
 margin of the lips. 
 
 PROCHEUMA, Parenchyma. 
 
 PROCFDENGE BE L'(EIL, Exophthalmia. 
 
 PROCIDENTIA, Prolapsus — p. Ani, Procto- 
 cele — p. Intestini recti. Proctocele — p. Iridis, Sta- 
 phyloma of the Iris — p. Oculi, Exophthalmia — 
 p. Sedis, Proctocele — p. Uteri, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 PROCNEME, Tibia. 
 
 PROCNEMIUM, Tibia. 
 
 PROCCE'LIUS, Procoe'his, from Trpo, 'before,' 
 and KoiXia, ' belly.' One who has a large pendu- 
 lous abdomen. 
 
 PROCCELUS, Procoelius. 
 
 PROCON'DTLUS, TpoKovivU;, from Trpo, 'to- 
 fore,' and Koviv\os, 'a knot.' The first joint of 
 the fingers; the second being called kovi5uAos; and 
 the third fiiTaKoviv\os. 
 
 PROCREATIO, Generation — p. Sanguinis. 
 Hsematosis. 
 
 PROCREATION, Fecundation, Generation. 
 
 PROC'TAGRA, from TrpwKTo;, 'anus,' and aypa, 
 ' seizure.' Gout in the rectum. Proctalgia. 
 
 PROCTAL'GIA, Proc'tica simplex, Proc'ta- 
 gra, Dolor ani, Proctodyn'ia, from TtpwKTog, 'the 
 anus.' and a\yoi, 'pain.' Pain in the 'anus : ge- 
 nerally symptomatic of disease, as of hemorrhoids, 
 scirrhus, &c. 
 
 Proctalgia, Clunesia — p. Httmorrhoidalis, 
 Hffimorrhois — p. Inflammatoria, Rectitis — p. 
 Intertriginosa, Chafing — p. Rheumatica, Proc- 
 torrheuma. 
 
 PROCTATRE'SIA, Imperfora'iio ani, from 
 wpoxrof, 'the anus,' and aTprjaa, ' imperforation.' 
 Imperforate state of the anus. 
 
 PROC'TICA. Pain or derangement about the 
 anus, without primary inflammation. A genus in 
 the class Cceliaca, order Entericn, of Good. 
 
 Proctica Exajjia, Proctocele — ■ p. Marisca, 
 Hcemorrhois — p. Simplex, Proctalgia — p. Tenes- 
 mus, Tenesmus. 
 
 PROCTISIS, Proctitis. 
 
 PROCTI'TIS, Proc'tisis, ArcTii'tis, Clune'sia, 
 Ci/sso'tis, from ttowktos, ' the anus.' Inflammation 
 of the anus and rectum. Rectitis. 
 
 Proctitis Gangr.enosa, Proctocace. 
 
 PROCTOC'ACE, Proctitis gangrmno'sa, from 
 TtpaiKTos, ' the anus,' and icaKos, ' evil.' A disease 
 of the rectum, so called by Fuehs, which, accord- 
 ing to him, is common in Peru, in the neighbour- 
 hood of Quito and Lima, on the Honduras and 
 Mosquito coasts, in Brazil, and on the Gold coast, 
 &c. It is called by the Portuguese, Bicho, and 
 Bicho di Culo ; by the people of Quito, 3Ial de\ 
 Valle, from its prevalence in the valleys : and ii 
 Africa, Bitios de Kis. It is an adynamic, in flam, 
 matory condition, frequently ending in gangrene. 
 It has been attributed to bad food, and the us. 
 of spices. 
 
 PROCTOCE'LE, from vpwKTos, 'the anus,' and 
 Kn^tj, 'hernia.' Prolap'sus Ani, Proctojiij'ma^ 
 Proctopto'sis, Procto'sis, Hedroce'le, ArcLecpto' 
 ma, Archecpto'ma, Archopto'ma, ArcJieoce'le, Ar- 
 chopto'sis, Exa'nia, Hcemor'rhois p,roce'dens. Ha- 
 mor'rhois ah exa'nia, Prociden'tia J.ni, P. intes. 
 ti'ni recti, P. sedis, Ecto'jna Ani, Sedea procid'ua, 
 Falling doion of the Fundament, Coming down of 
 the Body, (F.) Chute du rectum, C. du Fondement, 
 Renversement du rectum. Inrei-sion and prolapse 
 of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation 
 of the sphincter with more or less swelling. In 
 the treatment, the applijation of cold water and 
 astringent lotions mu",t be recommended: and 
 if other means fail, one of the radii of skin, which 
 converge at the anus, may be snipped off. On 
 cicatrizing, the verge of the anus will be con- 
 tracted, and the cure probably complete. In the 
 way of palliation, the parts may be retained by 
 an appropriate bandage. 
 
 PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
 
 PROCTODYNIA, Proctalgia. 
 
 PROCTON'CUS, from TzpwK-og, 'anus,' and 
 oyKOi, 'swelling.' Swelling of the anus. 
 
 PROCTOPARAL'YSIS, Proctople'gia, Pnral'- 
 ysis IiitLsti'ni Jtecti. Paralysis of the musclet 
 of the rectum. 
 
 PROCTOPLEGIA, Proctoparalvsis. 
 
 PROCTOPTOMA, Proctocele. 
 
 PROCTOPTOSIS, Proctocele. 
 ' PROCTORRHAGIA, Hjemorrhoidal flax. 
 
proctorrheum; 
 
 716 
 
 PROLAPSUS 
 
 PROCTORRHEU'MA, from TtpoiKTo;, 'anus/ 
 and Qtvfia, 'defluxion.' Rheumatism of'the anus. 
 
 PROCTORRHCE'A, from rrpu/cror, 'the anus,' 
 and p£(i), ' I flow.' A discharge of blood or slime 
 from the anus. See H^morrhois. 
 
 PROCTOS, Anus. 
 
 PROCTOSIS, Proctocele. 
 
 PROCTOSPASMUS, Tenesmus. 
 
 PROCTOSTENOSIS ORGANICA, Stricture 
 of the rectum. 
 
 PROCTOTOREU'SIS, from rrpco/cro;, 'anus,' 
 and Topviiv, 'to perforate.' Perforation of a closed 
 anus. 
 
 PROCTUS, Anus. 
 
 PROCURATIO ABORTOS. The promotion 
 of abortion. 
 
 PROD'ROMUS, from rpo, ' before,' and Spoi^o!, 
 ' course.' Sta'dium opportunita'tis seu prodromo' - 
 rum; in contagious diseases, Sta'dium laten'tis 
 oonta'gii. The period immediately preceding an 
 attack of disease; in which the precursory signs 
 occur. 
 
 PROD'UCT, from produco, ' I produce.' (F.) 
 Prodtdt. The result sought to be attained by 
 any pharmaceutical operation. 
 
 ■pRODUCTIO, Prolapsus— p. Uvulae h pituita, 
 Btaphyloedema. 
 
 PRODUC'TIOISr, Produc'tio ; same etymon. 
 This word is used, especially by the French, 
 synonymously with prolongation. The mesentery 
 is, in this sense, a production of the peritoneum. 
 _ PR OD UOTION AOGIDENTELLE. An ac- 
 cidental or adventitious structure. 
 
 PRODUCTIVITAS, Fecundity. 
 
 PRODUIT, Product. 
 
 PROEGUMENiE CAUS^, Causes, predispo- 
 nent. 
 
 PRCELIUM, Press, Tourniquet. 
 
 PROEM'INENT, Proem'inens, from ^ro, 'for- 
 wards,' and eminere, 'to project.' Some anato- 
 mists call the 7th cervical vertebra the proeminent 
 vertebra, on account of the length of its spinous 
 process, which passes the level of that of the 
 neighbouring vertebrse. 
 
 PRffiO'TIA, ProVotes, vpuiiorrig, or irpoioTri^, 
 from irpcat, ' early.' ' Precocity.' PrcBcox matu'- 
 ritas, Preco'cious matu'rity. Premature develop- 
 ment of sexual organization or power. — Good. 
 _ PROFLUVII CORTEX, Nerium antidysente- 
 rieum. 
 
 PROFLU'VIUM, Discharge, Fluxus, Polyr- 
 rhce'a. Flux; from projluo, 'I run down. A term 
 under which some nosologists have comprised all 
 morbid discharges or fluxes : — others, increased 
 excretions attended by fever. 
 
 Propluvium Alvi, Diarrhoea — p. Genitale mu- 
 liebre, Menses — p. Mucosum urethra. Gonorrhoea 
 — p. Muliebre, Leucorrhoea, Menses — p. Sangu- 
 inis, Hsemorrhagia — p. Sanguinis e Renibus, Ne- 
 phrorrhagia — p. Sanguinis ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia 
 — p. Sanguinis ex IJtero, Metrorrhagia — p. Se- 
 niinis, Pollution — p. Ventris, Diarrhoea. 
 
 PROFUN'DUS, {pro, and fundus, 'base.') 
 Altus, ' having a deep base.' A name given to 
 diflFerent parts, which are seated profoundly as 
 regards others. 
 
 Profunda Artb'ria Fem'oris, A. vasta poste'- 
 rior seu muscula'ria fem'oris, Artere-grande mus- 
 cidaire de la cuisse. (Ch.) This large branch 
 hrises commonly from the posterior part of the 
 crural, between the pubis and lesser trochanter. 
 It descends deeply, situate before the adductors ; 
 passes through the third adductor above the 
 opening in it for the trunk of the femoral : and 
 terminates in the short portion of the biceps. 
 The miwcularis profunda gives off, 1. The external 
 circumjlex : 2. The internal circumflex: and, 3. 
 The three joer/branies. 
 
 Profunda Arte'ria Hu'meri, P. supe'rior, 
 Arte'ria spira'lis, (F.) Artere humirale profonde, 
 A. collaterale externe. Grand musculaire du bras, 
 (Ch.) Its origin is variable. AVhen it arises from 
 the brachial artery, it is given ofi' opposite the 
 groove of the humerus destined for the radial 
 nerve, and descends backwards between the three 
 portions of the triceps, accompanied by the nerve; 
 giving branches to that muscle and to the hume- 
 rus. When it reaches the posterior part of the 
 bone, it divides into two branches, which are dis- 
 tributed to the triceps, supinator longus, &c. 
 
 Profunda Arteria Inferior vel Minor is 
 often a branch of the last; but, commonly, is 
 given off from the brachial, near the middle of 
 the arm. It gives off branches to the muscles, 
 <tc., about the inner side of the os humeri. It 
 is, also, called large communicating ulnar or "pro- 
 fundo-ulnar. 
 
 Profunda Arteria Penis. Chaussier has 
 given this name to the cav'ernous ar'tery, which 
 arises from the artery of the penis, furnished by 
 the internal pudio. 
 
 Profunda Arteria Superior, Profunda hu- 
 meri. 
 
 Certain muscles are distinguished by the names 
 profound or deep-seated, and superficial. Thus, 
 we speak of the svperficial and deep-seated mus- 
 cles of the neck, &c. ; the Flexor profundus per- 
 forans, <tc. 
 
 PROFUSIO, Hajmorrhagia. 
 
 Profusio AqujE. The discharge or breaking 
 of the waters at birth. 
 
 Profusio Sanguinis, Hsemorrhagia — p. Se- 
 minis. Ejaculation^ p. Subcutanea, Purpura 
 simplex. 
 
 PROGAS'TOR, from ^po, 'before,' and yaaT>)p, 
 'belly.' One who has a pendulous belly. 
 
 PROGENIES, Epigone. 
 
 PROGENY, Epigone. 
 
 PROGLOS'SIS, from Trpo, 'before,' and yXotrcra, 
 ' the tongue ;' Apex lingucB. The extremity or 
 tip of the tongue. 
 
 PROG'NATHOUS, from vpo, 'before,' and 
 yvaQoi, 'the jaw.' Having a projecting jaw. A 
 term applied to the form of the head in which 
 there is a prolongation or forward extension of 
 the jaws, as in the negro. 
 
 PROGNO'SIS, Pro'dgoreu'sis, ProrrJie'sis, 
 PrcBcognit"io, Prognos'tice, Prceno'tio, Pranun- 
 tia'tio, PrcBScien'tia, PrcBScit"io, Pronce'a, Proph'- 
 asis, Pradic'tio, (F.) Prognostic, Pronostic. from 
 irpo, ' before,' and yvuiais, ' knowledge.' A judg- 
 ment formed by the physician regarding the fu- 
 ture progress and termination of any disease. 
 
 Prognosis, General. The opinion formed 
 of a disease in the abstract. Thus, we say, the 
 General prognosis of CynancJie tonsillaris is 
 favourable; — of Phthisis ^/''-dmonalis, unfavour- 
 able, Ac. 
 
 Prognosis, Particular. The opinion formed 
 of any particular case of disease. The particular 
 prognosis of one case of typhus, for example, may 
 be favourable, whilst that of another may be un- 
 favourable. 
 
 Prognosis ex LinguI, Glossomantia, 
 
 PROGNOSTIC, Prognosis. 
 
 PROGNOSTICS, Prognosis. 
 
 PROGRESSIO, Augmentation. 
 
 PROGRESSUS, Augmentation. 
 
 PROIOTES. Praotia. 
 
 PROJECTURA, Process. 
 
 PROLABIUM, Prochcilon. 
 
 PROLAP'SUS, trom prolabor, prolapsus, (pro, 
 and labor, lapsus, 'to slide,') 'I slip down.' Pro~ 
 ciden 'tia, Delap'sio, Delap'sus, Hypor'rhysii, 
 Propto'ma, Propto'sis, Produc'tio, Propenden'tia, 
 
PROLECTATIO 
 
 nr 
 
 PROPOLIS 
 
 Promlnen'tia, Ptosis, Casus, (F.) Chute; a pro- 
 trusion ; a falling down. A genus of diseases in 
 the class Locales and order EctoiricB of Cullen, 
 distinguished by the falling down of a part 
 through the orifice with which it is naturally 
 connected. 
 
 Prolapsus Ani, Proctocele — p. Bulbi oculi, 
 Exophthalmia — p. Corneee, Staphyloma of the 
 cornea — p. Iridis, Ptosis iridis — p. Linguae, Glos- 
 Bocele, Paraglossa — p. (Esophagi, Pharyngocele 
 — p. Palpebree, .Blepharoptosis — p. Pharyngis, 
 Pharyngocele — p. Umbilici, Exomphalus. 
 
 Prolapsus U'teri, Exomc'tra, Metropto' sis, 
 Metropropto'sis, Orthysteropto' sis, Orthysteropto' - 
 wa, Falling down of the womb, JSdopto'sis u'teri, 
 JTysteropto'sis, Hysteroce'le nuda, Prociden'tia 
 it'teri, (F.) Abaissenient de la matrice, Chute de 
 la matrice, Deseente de la matrice, Precipitation 
 de la matrice. Some use the term, ' Procidentia 
 Uteri' for a minor degree of the affection than 
 prolapsus; — Relaxatio uteri expressing the slight- 
 est state of all. A falling down of the uterus, 
 owing to relaxation of the parts about the utero- 
 vaginal region. In the treatment, the horizontal 
 posture must be insisted upon ; the injection of 
 astringent substances per vayinam be advised; 
 and if the affection be not remedied by these 
 means, a pessary may be employed as a pallia- 
 tive, or the operation of Episioraphy be per- 
 formed. 
 
 Prolapsus Uvuljb, Staphyloedema. 
 
 Prolapsus Vagi'n^, Hysteropto'sis Vagi'ncB, 
 Prolapsus jEdoptosis Yaginm, Coleopto'sis, Col- 
 popto'sis, Elytropto' sis — Protrusion of the upper 
 part of the vagina into the lower. This, like the 
 descent of the uterus, may be relaxation, proci- 
 dentia, prolapsus, or complete inversion. 
 
 Prolapsus Vesicae, Esocyste. 
 
 PROLECTA'TIO ; from pro, and legere, lec- 
 tum, 'to gather.' Action of separating the finer 
 parts of a body from the grosser. 
 
 PROLEP'TICS, Prolep)'tice, from Trpo, 'before,' 
 and ^afifiavto, ' I seize hold of.' A term proposed 
 by Dr. Laycock to signify the art and science of 
 predicting in medicine. 
 
 PROLEPTICUS, Anticipating. 
 
 PROLES, Epigone. 
 
 PROL'ICIBB, Prolicid'ium ; from proles, 'off- 
 spring,' and cadere, 'to kill.' Destruction of 
 offspring : a term, which includes foeticide as 
 Tirell as infanticide. 
 
 PROLIP'IC, Prolif'icus; from proles, 'off- 
 spring,' and facio, 'I make.' That which has 
 the faculty of engendering. Applied to man, and 
 animals, and to their sperm or seed ; as well as 
 to remedies, which, by strengthening the genital 
 organs, increase the secretion of sperm. 
 
 PROLIG"EROUS, Pro'liger, P)-ohy'erus, 
 fi:om proles, ' offspring,' and gero, ' I carry.' That 
 which is connected with carrying the offspring. 
 
 Proligerous Disc or Layer, Eiscui prolig"- 
 enis, Discus vitellinus, Stratum prolig"erum, Go- 
 nostro'ma, (P.) Bisque proligere. A granular 
 layer, situate generally towards the most promi- 
 nent part of the ovarian vesicle, in the centre of 
 ■which the true ovum or ovule exists. — Von Baer. 
 
 PROLONGEMENT RACHIDIEN, Medulla 
 spinalis — p. Sous-occipital, Basilary process. 
 
 PROMALACTE'RIUil, from ^po, 'before,' 
 and naXaacu), ' I soften.' The room, in the an- 
 cient gymnnsium, in which the body was softened 
 and anointed. One of the operations in bathing. 
 
 PROMAjSTUS, see Digitus, PoUex. 
 
 PROMETOPIDIA, Frontal bandages. 
 
 PROMETO'PIS, Prometopid'ion, from irgo, 
 'before,' and ncr^-ov, 'the forehead.' The skin 
 of the forehead. 
 
 PROMINENTIA, Prolapsus, Protuberance — 
 p. Annularis Cerebri, Pons Varolii — p. Corneac, 
 Ceratocele — p. Ossis Continua, Apophysis. 
 
 PROMINENTIA ALBICANTES, Mammil- 
 lary tubercles — p. Semiovales Medullis Oblonga- 
 tse. Corpora olivaria. 
 
 PROMONTORIUM, Promontory — p. Faciei, 
 Nasus — p. Ossis Saeri, see Sacrum. 
 
 PR0M'0NT0RY,Promo)!fo'rj»)H,(fromj9roand 
 mons, montis, 'a mountain,') seu Tuber seu Tule- 
 ros'itas Tym'piani. A small projection at the in- 
 ner paries of the cavity of the tympanum, which 
 corresponds to the external seala of the cochlea, 
 and especially to the outer side of the vestibule. 
 
 Promontory op the SACRUjf, see Sacrum. 
 
 PRONATEUR CARRE, Pronator radii qua- 
 dratus — p. Grand ou rond, Pronator radii teres — 
 p. Petit, Pronator radii quadratus. 
 
 PRONA'TION, Prona'tio, from promts, 'in- 
 clined forwards.' Anatomists understand, by 
 pronation, the motion by which the inferior ex- 
 tremity of the radius passes before the ulna, and 
 thus causes the hand to execute a kind of rotation 
 from without inwards. 
 
 PRONA'TOR. That which produces the mo- 
 tion of pronation. This name has been given to 
 two of the muscles of the forearm. 
 
 Pronator Obliquus, P. radii teres — p. Qua- 
 dratus, P. radii quadratus. 
 
 Pronator Ra'dii Quadra'tus, P. quadratus, 
 Quadratus ra'dii, P. quadratus seu transvers' us 
 (Winslow), Pronator radii brevis seu quadratus 
 (Cowper,) (F.) Cuhito-radial (Ch.), Petit pu carri 
 pronateur. This muscle is situate at the ante- 
 rior, inferior, and profound part of the forearm. 
 It is flat and square, and is attached, within, to 
 the inferior quarter of the anterior surface of the 
 ulna; and, without, to the inferior quarter of the 
 anterior surface of the radius. It produces the 
 motion of pronation. 
 
 Pronator Radii Teres, P. teres sive obli'quvs 
 (Winslow), (F.) EpitrocMo-radial (Ch.), Grand 
 ou rond pronateiir. A muscle seated at the upper 
 and anterior part of the forearm. It is long, fiat, 
 and larger above than below. It is attached, 
 above, to the inner tuberosity of the humerus and 
 to the coronoid process of the ulna. From thence 
 it passes obliquely downwards and outwards, and 
 terminates at the middle of the outer surface of 
 the radius. It causes the radius to turn on the 
 ulna, to produce the motion of pronation. It 
 can, also, bend the forearm on the arm^ and con- 
 versely. 
 
 Pronator Teres, P. radii teres. 
 
 PRONAUS, Vestibulum. 
 
 PRONERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Tendon. 
 
 PRONCEA, Prognosis. 
 
 PRONOSTIC, Prognosis. 
 
 PROPENDENTIA. Prolapsus. 
 
 PROP'ERTIES, physical, of the TIS- 
 SUES. These are flexibility, extensibility and 
 elasticity, racornissement and imbibition. 
 
 Properties, Vital. Those which depend upon 
 organization, as contractu' ity. 
 
 PROPHASIS, Prognosis. 
 
 PROPHYLACTIC, Prophylac'tinis, Biaphy- 
 lac'tic, Biasos'tic, Synteret'icus, PrcBservato'rius, 
 from TTpo, and ^uXao-o-oj, 'I defend.' A preserv- 
 ative. 
 
 PROPHYLAX'IS, Prophylace, PropTiylac'tice, 
 Syntere'sis. Same etj'raon. Prcsserva'tio, Pr/e- 
 can'iio, Prcecusto'dia. Preservative or preventive 
 treatment. 
 
 PROP'OLIS, from -rrpo, 'before,' and ttoKi^, 
 'city:' literally, 'that which is before the city.* 
 Ceranthe'mvs, Commo'sis, Bee-bread. A red, re- 
 sinous matter, with which the bees cover the bow 
 
PROPOMA 
 
 718 
 
 PROSTRATION 
 
 torn of the hive. Its fume has heen esteemed 
 antiasthmatic. 
 
 PROP'OMA, from Trpo, 'before,' and -rrona, 'a 
 drink.' Ancient name of a medicine, composed 
 of seven parts of Jioney and four of toine. It was 
 drunk before a meal. — Paulus of ^gina. 
 
 PROPORTIO, Symmetry. 
 
 PROPOSITUM, Intention. 
 
 PRGPOTIS'MGS. Same etymon. Preepo'tio. 
 An ancient name for medicines vphich ivere given 
 to the patients before purging them, and, in some 
 sort, to prepare them. 
 
 PROPRIUS AURIS EXTERNiE, Retrahens 
 auris. 
 
 PROPTOMA, Prolapsus. 
 
 Propto'ma Auricula'rum, ParcBsthe'sis andi'- 
 tfis flaeca, Flap Ear. Lobe of the ear broad, 
 loose, and pendent from birth. — Good. 
 
 Proptoma Scroti, Rachosis. 
 
 PROPTOSIS, Prolapsus— p. Palpebrse, Ble- 
 pharoptosis — p. Uvulae, Staphyloedema, 
 
 PROPTYSIS, Expectoration. 
 
 PRORA, Occiput. 
 
 PRORRHESIS, Prognosis. 
 
 PRORUPTIO SANGUINIS, Hajmorrhagia, 
 
 PROS, Ttpog. In composition, this prefix gene- 
 rally signifies 'in addition to,' 'over and above,' 
 ' besides.' 
 
 PROSARTIIROSIS, Diarthrosis. 
 
 PROSBOLE. Impression, 
 
 PROSCHYSIS, Affusion. 
 
 PROSCOLLESIS, Adherence, Agglutination. 
 
 PROSEOTEUR, Dissector. 
 
 PROSECTIO, Anatomy. 
 
 PROSECTOR, Dissector. 
 
 PROSLEPSIS, Prehension. 
 
 PROSODOS, Aditus. 
 
 PROSOPALGIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
 
 PROSOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses. 
 
 PROSOPANTRI'TIS, from prosopantra, the 
 frontal sinuses, and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the frontal sinuses. 
 
 PROSOPARALYSIS, Palsy, Bell's. 
 
 PROSO'PIS DULCIS. A tree of rather large 
 size, native of Peru. The fruit — Pacay — is 
 a pod, from 20 to 24 inches long, contain- 
 ing black seeds imbedded in a white, soft, flaky 
 substance ; which last is eaten by the Limenos 
 with pleasure. — Tschudi. 
 
 PROSOPODYNIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
 
 PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA, from -poo-wTrov, 
 ' the face,' ivi, ' with difficulty,' and fiop-prj, ' shape.' 
 Malformation or atrophy of the face, — as where 
 the process of nutrition suffers from diminished 
 nervous influence. 
 
 PROSOPOLOGIA, Physiognomy. 
 
 PROSOPOMANTIA, Physiognomy. 
 
 PROSOPON, Face. 
 
 PROSOPORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis' mm faciei, 
 from lipoaiinrov, 'face,' and piv/ia, ' defluxion,' 
 'rheumatism.' Rheumatism affecting the face. 
 
 PROSOPOSIS, Phvsiognomy. 
 
 PROSOPOSPASMUS, Canine Laugh. 
 
 PROS0POSTERN0DYMIA,seeCephalosoma- 
 todymia. 
 
 PROSPERITAS VALETUDINIS, Sanitas. 
 
 PROSPHORA, Prehension. 
 
 PROS'PHYSIS, Adnaicen'tia, Coalif'io, 'ad- 
 hesion, adbcrenee, connexion,' from rpo;, and 
 fvw, ' I grow.' In a more limited sense, this 
 word means morbid adhesion of the eyelids, 
 cither between themselves, or with the globe of 
 the eye; Anlnjlohleph'aron. 
 
 PROS'TASIS, zpoaTaaa, (zpo, and araaig, 'sta- 
 tion,') 'superiority, preponderance;' same ety- 
 mon 0,1 Prostate. A predominance or abundance 
 nf oxcremenliiwris humour. — Hippocr, 
 
 PROSTATA, Prostate — p. Bartholini, Cow- 
 per's glands in the female — p. Muliebris, Cow- 
 per's glands in the female. 
 
 PROSTATA, Prostate. 
 
 PROSTATAL, Prostatic. 
 
 PROSTATAL'GIA, from wpoorara, ' the pros- 
 tate,' and aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain in the prostate. 
 
 PROSTATAUXE, Prostatoparectasis. 
 
 PPiOSTATE, irpoaraTa, from npo, 'before,' and ic- 
 Tnnh 'I stand.' — Pros'tata, P. gland' ula, Pros' tata, 
 P. glandido'scB, Paras'tata adeno'ides seu glaiidti- 
 lo'sa, Adstans, Paras' tatm, P. gland'iilcB, Prus'ta- 
 t(B adenoi'des, Testis minor, Corjjvs glandido' sum 
 seu glando'sum, C. adeniforme, C. gland I forme, 
 C. glandulo'sum, C. adenoi'des, Assisten'tes glav- 
 didcB, Ads'tites glandulosi ; the Prostate gland, 
 A glandular, cordiform body, of the size of a 
 chestnut, situate before the neck of the bladder, 
 behind the symphysis pubis, and surrounding the 
 first portion of the urethra. Its excretory out- 
 lets, to the number of 10 or 12, open into the part 
 of the urethra that traverses it, and pour into it 
 a whitish viscid humour, intended to lubricate the 
 interior of the urethra, and to serve as a vehicle 
 for the sperm in its ejaculation. 
 
 PROSTATELCO'SIS, from rpoarara, 'pros- 
 tate,' and 'cXkos, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the 
 prostate. ^ 
 
 PROSTATES INFERIEURES, Cowper'a 
 glands — p. Petites, Cowper's glands. 
 
 PROSTAT'IC, Prostat'icus, Pros'tatal. That 
 which relates to the prostate. Winslow h.ns 
 named — Stiperior Prostatic Muscles — ligaments 
 which pass from the pubis to the lateral parts of 
 the prostate. He, also, calls — Inferior jnostaxic 
 muscles — the fleshy fibres, which, from the lateral 
 parts of the urethra, near its membranous por- 
 tion, pass to be inserted into the pubis. 
 
 Prostatic Bisec'tor. An instrument em- 
 ployed by Dr. Stevens, of New York, in the bi- 
 lateral operation of lithotomy. In form it resem- 
 bles a large olive, with a beak at the extremity, 
 with cutting edges at the sides parallel to its 
 longest axis, and with a straight handle. 
 
 Prostatic Liquor, Liquor prostat'icus. The 
 fluid secreted by the prostate, which mixes with 
 sperm during emission. 
 
 Prostatic Portion of the Urethra. The 
 part of the canal of the urethra included by the 
 prostate : it is about 15 lines long. 
 
 Prostatic Sinus, see Sinus, prostatic. 
 
 PROSTATICUS SUPERIOR, Compressor 
 prostatce. 
 
 PROSTATI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Pros'tata, from 
 ■n-podTara, ' the prostate,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the prostate. 
 
 PROSTATOCELE, Prostatoncus. 
 
 PROSTATON'CUS, Prostatoce'le, Tumor j)ro.-'- 
 fatee, from npoarara, ' the prostate,' and oyKo;, ' a 
 tumour.' Swelling of the prostate. 
 
 PROSTATOPARECTASIS, from Trpoirrnr.,, 
 'prostate,' and TrapcKTuvtiv, 'to extend.' En- 
 largement of the prostate ; also, induration of the 
 same, Prostatosdr'rhus, Prostatanx'e. 
 
 PROSTATOSCIRRHUS, see Prostatoparec- 
 
 PROSTERNID'IUM, from Ttpo, 'before,' and 
 aripvov, ' the sternum.' Any agent applied to the 
 anterior part of the chest; a plaster to the brea.»t. 
 
 PROSTHESIS, Prothesis. 
 
 PROSTHETA, Subdita. 
 
 PROSTHIUM, Penis. 
 
 PROSTOM'IA, Commiesu'ra lahio'rum.; (P.) 
 T;pn, 'before,' and aropa, 'mouth.' The commis- 
 sure of the lips. 
 
 PROSTRA'TION, Prostra'tio vi'rivm-, (F.) 
 Prostration des forces, Abattement. Great de- 
 
PROTEA 
 
 719 
 
 PKUNUM 
 
 pression of strength. Almost total loss of power 
 over the muscles of locomotion. 
 
 PRO'TEA MELIFE'RA. A South African 
 plant, Nat. Ord. Proteacese, whose involucra 
 and flowers, at the time of inflorescence, are 
 ^lled with a sweet watery liquid, which contains 
 a great deal of honey. By inspissation it forms a 
 delicious syrup — Syru'pus Pro'tecB, wMch is much 
 used in pulmonary affections. 
 
 Protea Lepidocarpox, and some othar Pro- 
 tece, supply the same kind of juice. 
 
 PRO'TEAIf, Pro'teiform, Frotei/orm'is, froiE 
 Proteus, who could assume various shapes. As- 
 suming different shapes. 
 
 PROTEIFORMIS, Protean. 
 
 Proteiform'is Morbus. A disease which as- 
 sumes various characters. 
 
 PRO'TEIN, Protelne, Protei'na : from irpurEtiw, 
 ' I take first rank.' A product of the decomposi- 
 tion of albumen, &e., by potassa. 'When animal 
 albumen, fibrin or casein is dissolved in a mode- 
 rately strong solution of caustic potassa, and the 
 solution is exposed for some time to a high tem- 
 perature, these substances are decomposed. The 
 addition of acetic acid causes, in all three, the 
 separation of a gelatinous translucent precipitate 
 which has exactly the same characters and com- 
 position. This is protein. — Mulder. 
 
 Protein is the basis of animal and vegetable 
 fibrin, albumen, and casein, and of gluten, which 
 have been, consequently, classed under the '' pro- 
 teinaceous alimentary principle," by Dr. Pereira. 
 
 PROTEINACEOUS, Proteinous. 
 
 PRO'TEINOUS, Proteina'ceous, Proteino'sus, 
 (F.) Proteiqne. Of, or belonging to protein ; — 
 as. " a proteinous alimentary principle." 
 
 PROTEIQUE, Proteinous. 
 
 PROTENSIONES GLANDULARES, Mam- 
 millarv eminences. 
 
 PROTH'ESIS, Pros'thesis, Adjunc'fio, Adjec'- 
 tio, App'if!i"tio, ' addition, application ;' from vpog, 
 'in addition to,' and Ti}rii_it, 'I put.' That part 
 of surgery whose object is to add to the human 
 body some artificial part, in place of one that may 
 be wanting, as a wooden leg, an artificial eye, &o. 
 
 PROTMESrS, Umbilicus, Kidney. 
 
 PROTOGALA, Colostrum. 
 
 PROTOIATROS, Arehiater. 
 
 PROTOMEDICUS, Arehiater. 
 
 PROTOMUS, Dissector. 
 
 PROTOPATHIA, Idiopathia. 
 
 PRO'TOPHYTE, ProtojyJi'yton, from Tzpiorog, 
 'first,' and <1>vtov, 'a plant.' A vegetable produc- 
 tion at the foot of the scale; as a cryptogamous 
 plant, — a fungus. 
 
 PROTOSPOROS, Os uteri. 
 
 PROTOZO'ON, from nptoTog, 'first,' and ^i^ov, 
 ' an animal.' An animal low in the scale ; — a-s a 
 monad. 
 
 PROTRUSION, Prolapsus. 
 
 PROTU'BERANCE, Protuheran'tia, Extuhe- 
 ra'tio, Promiiien'tia, Ejccreseen'tia, Extuheran'tia, 
 from pro, 'before,' and tuber, 'a projection.' 
 (F.) Bosw. A name given to rough, unequal 
 protuberances, seen at the surface of certain or- 
 gans ; the parietal protuberances, occipital pro- 
 tuherancen, annular protuberances, Ac. 
 
 Protuberance, Annular, Pons Varolii — p. 
 Cerebral, ?.Iedulla oblongata, Pons Varolii — p. 
 Cylinrlriiide, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 PROTUBERANTIA, Eminence— p. Annularis 
 Willisii, Pons Varolii — p. Cylindrica, Cornu 
 amrannis. 
 
 PROTRUSOR, Detrusor urinae. 
 
 PROULIMATE'SIS. A word employed by 
 Fore?tus for hernia of the stomach. 
 
 PROUNE; PruHMs domestica. 
 
 PROVENTRIC'ULUS, Bullus glandulo' sun, 
 Infiindibu'lum, Second stomach; from npo, 'be- 
 fore,' and ventriculus, 'the stomach.' A bulbous 
 expansion at the termination of the oesophagus, 
 immediately above the gizzard of birds, tlie walla 
 of which are thickly studded with a layer of 
 glands or follicles which secrete a digestive fluid. 
 
 PROVERBS, MED'ICAL. A proverbial ex- 
 pression frequently contains sound sense in its 
 directions. In medicine, the greatest collection 
 is in the Regimen of Health of the School of Sa-. 
 lernvm, composed in the 11th century, by John 
 of Milan. Yet, although good sense is often in- 
 culcated, we frequently meet with the reverse. 
 
 Most of the proverbs are hygienic. The fo? • 
 lowing are a few. 
 
 1. Qu' apres la soupe f n er'upe d'excelle'^t "i^ 
 Tire tin ecu ds la poche du medecin. 
 
 2. Surge quiJitd, prande nc^d, ■'oepa quintS do^ruA 
 
 nond, nee est morti vitu prona. 
 
 3. Kunquam recte corpus exerceH ""iVj^ x»% k*- 
 
 neque animum sine corpora poise. 
 
 4. Viande lien machee est a demi dig&ree. 
 
 5. Optimum condimentum fames. 
 Appetite is the best sauce. 
 
 6. Plures occidit gula quam gladius. 
 
 7. Early to bed and early to rise, 
 
 Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wi?e. 
 
 8. One man's meat's another man's poison. 
 
 9. An ounce of prevention is better than apoun^ 
 
 of cure. 
 
 PROVERSIO, Anteversion. 
 
 PROVINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cha- 
 lybeate springs in the department of Seine el 
 Marne, France, which contain carbonic acid and 
 iron. 
 
 PROVOCATORIUS, Intercalary. 
 
 PROX'IMAD, see Proximal aspect. 
 
 Prox'imal, from proximus, 'next.' Proxi- 
 mate; nearest; next. 
 
 Prgximal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
 trunk, in the course of an extremity. — Barclay. 
 Proximad is used by the same writer adverbially 
 to signifv 'towards the trunk.' 
 
 PRUNA, Anthrax. 
 
 PRUNE, Prunum. 
 
 Prone Juice Expectora'tion or Sputa. The 
 sputa resembling prune juice, which occur in the 
 third or purulent stage of pneumonia. 
 
 PRUNELLA, Angina pectoris, AphthiB, Cy- 
 nanche. Pupil. 
 
 Prunel'la, p. vulga'ris seu officitm'lis, Bru- 
 nel'la, Consol' ida minor, Sym'phytum minus. Self- 
 heal, Heal-all, Bugle, (F.) Prnnelle, Brunelle ;~ 
 Family, Labiate. Sex. Syet. Didyuamia Gyni- 
 nospermia. This plant has been recommended 
 as an astringent, in hemorrhages and fluxes; and. 
 also, in gargles against aphthEe, and in inflam- 
 mation of the fauces. 
 
 PRUNELLA SAL, Potassae nitras fusus sul 
 phatis paiTcillo mixtus. 
 
 PRUNELLE, Prunella, Pupil. 
 
 PRUNELLIER, Prunus spinosa. 
 
 PRUNELLOE, Prunum Brignolense. 
 
 PRUNEOLA SYLVESTRIS, Prunus spinos.-v. 
 
 PRUNES, see Prunum — p. Pulp of, Pruni 
 Pulpa. 
 
 PRUNI PULPA, Pulp of prunes. Take of 
 prunes a sufiicient quantity, soften them in (he 
 vapour of boiling water, and having separated 
 the stones, beat the remainder in a marble mortar 
 and press through a hair-sieve. — Ph. U. S. 
 
 PRUNIER, Prunus domestica — p. Sauvage, 
 Prunus spinosa. 
 
 PRUNUM. A Phim, i Prune. Three sorts 
 
PRUNUS 
 
 '20 
 
 PSELLISMUS 
 
 of plums have been usually ranked amongst the 
 articles of the materia medica. 1. The Frunum 
 Brignolen'se ; the Brignole plum or Prunel'loe ; 
 from Brignole in Provence. It is of a reddish- 
 yellow colour; and has a very grateful, sweet, 
 subacid taste. 2. The Pruniim Gal'licum, Pru- 
 fuim (Ph. U. S.), the French Prune; and 3. The 
 Prunum Damasce'num or Damson, BraVylon. 
 All these possess the same general qualities as 
 the other summer fruits. They are emollient and 
 laxative, 
 
 Prunum Stellatum, Averrhoa carambola. 
 PRUNUS ACACIA, Prunus padus. 
 Prunus Armeniaca, Armeni'aca vulga'ris sen 
 epiroti'ca. The A'j^ricot, Apricock, Bericoc'ce, 
 pipiKuKKrj, Prcecoc'ia, (F.) Abricot. Famili/, Rosa- 
 cese. <Se.-r. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. The 
 apricot, Melum Armeniacum, when ripe, is easily 
 digested, and considered as a great delicacy. 
 
 Prunus A'vium, P. cer'asus seu sylcent'ria seu 
 mncropliyl'la, Black Cherry Tree, Cer'asus A'vi- 
 vm seu nigra seu dulcis, (F.) Merisier. The 
 fruit is eaten ; and a gum exudes from the tree, 
 tlie properties of which are similar to those of gum 
 Arabic. 
 
 Prunus Capulin, (S.) CapuUes, grows in the 
 open fields of Peru ; and is cultivated in gardens in 
 the towns. The fruit is acid, and not often eaten: 
 hat on account of its agreeable odour it is used in 
 making PitcAerog de flores ; or with odoriferous 
 flowers to perfume linen. ■ — Tschudi. 
 
 Prunus Cer'asus, Cfer'asMs ae"icZa seu horten'- 
 »''s seu vulga'ris seu rubra. The Bed Cherry 
 Tree; (F.) Cerisier. The fruit Cer'asum, Cera'- 
 sion, has a pleasant, acidulous sweet flavour. It 
 is wholesome. See Prunus avium. 
 
 Prunus Domes'tica. The Plum or Bami>on 
 tree, Coccyme'lea, Proline, (F.) Prunier ordinaire. 
 The damson, when perfectly ripe, affords a whole- 
 Bome fruit for pies, tarts, &c. It is gently laxa- 
 tive. See Prunum. 
 
 Prunus Hortensis, P. cerasus. 
 Prunus Insi'tia. The Bullaee Plum Tree. 
 The fruit of this tree is used like the damson. 
 
 Prunus Lauro-Cer'asus, Cer'asus lauro-cera- 
 sua, Padus lauro-cerasus. Poison Laurel, Cherry 
 Laurel, Common Laurel, Lauro-eer'asus, (F.) Lau- 
 rier-cerise, L. amandier. The leaves have a bit- 
 ter, styptic taste, with the flavour of bitter al- 
 monds. The flowers have a similar flavour. The 
 powdered leaves, applied to the nostrils, excite 
 sneezing. The flavour of the leaves has given 
 occasion to their being emploj'ed in tarts, cus- 
 tards, &c. ; but in large quantities they are poi- 
 sonous. The poisonous principle is the prussic 
 acid. The distilled water, called Laurel-water, 
 is poisonous. (See Poisons, Table of.) 
 Prunus Macrophylla, P. avium. 
 Prunus Padus, Padus, P. a'vium, Cer'asus 
 Padus, Cer'asus racemo'sus sylres'tris. Wild clus- 
 ter or Bird Cherry Tree, (F.) Cerisier d grnppes, 
 Bois puant. The bark of the tree has a fragrant 
 smell, and a bitter sub-Lstringent taste, somewhat 
 similar to that of bitter almonds. It has been 
 recommended in intermittents, <tc. in the form of 
 decoction. The berries have been used in dysen- 
 •■•ery. 
 
 Prunus Sebistina, Sebastina. 
 Prunus Spino'sa. The Sloe Tree, P. sylves'- 
 tris seu Aca'cia, Agriococeime'lea, Agru'na, Ar/ru- 
 ve'la, (P.; Prunellier, Prunier saurage. The 
 fruit — the sloe- — -is sometimes employed in gargles, 
 and was formerly much used in hemorrhage, 
 owing to its astringent properties. The Aca'cia 
 nostras seu German'ica seu vulga'ris, Prune'ola 
 tnlves'tris, Succus acacicB nostrrt'tis, S. AcacicB 
 UermaniccB inspissa'tus is obtained from this. 
 Prunus Stlvestris, P. Avium, P. Spinosa. 
 Prunus Virgi.via'na. Ctr'asue sero'lina, C. 
 
 Virginia' na. Wild Cherry Tree, (F.) Cerisier de 
 Virginie. The bark of this tree has been found 
 useful in intermittents. The leaves are poisonous 
 to certain animals, and the berries intoxicate dif- 
 ferent kinds of birds. The Indians use the bark 
 in the cure of syphilis. It is bitter and astrin- 
 gent, and possesses some aromatic warmth, and, 
 likewise, a narcotic quality. It is stimulant and 
 tonic. The leaves contain prussic acid. The 
 distilled oil of the bark is very nearly identical 
 with that of the bitter almond. A strong decoc- 
 tion of the bark is anthelmintic. 
 Prunus Vulgaris, P. Padus. 
 PRURIG"INOUS, Prurigino'sus; same ety- 
 mon as the next. Relating, or belonging to, or 
 resembling prurigo. 
 
 PRURI'GO, Pruri'tus, Chris'ma ; froTO prurin, 
 ' I itch.' The word is often used synonymously 
 with itching. Willan and Bateman use the terui 
 for a genus of cutaneous diseases, the character- 
 istic symptoms of which are a severe itching 
 accompanied by an eruption of papulfe of nearly 
 the same colour as the adjoining cuticle ; Cnesmox. 
 Scabies papuliform'is, Exor'mia pruri'go. It 
 affects the whole surface of the skin, under three 
 varieties of form ; — the P. mitis, P. formi'cans, 
 P. seni'lis, &c. as well as some parts of the body, 
 as the P. jiod'icis, and P.puderi'di mulie'bris seu 
 Puden'dagra 2)ru'riens. 
 
 Prurigo, Heat — p. Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 PBUBIT, Itching. 
 
 PRURITUS, Gargle, Itching, Prurigo. 
 
 PRUSSIAN BLUE, Ferrum Zpot'icum, F. Bo- 
 rus'sicum, F. Cyanogena'tum, F. oxydida'tum hy- 
 drocyan'icum, Ferri Ferrocy'anas, F. Ferrocya- 
 nure'tum, Borus'sias Ferri, Caru'leum Borus'si- 
 cum, G. Berolinen'se, Prussias Ferri, Ilydrocy'- 
 anas Ferri, Ferri Cyanure'tum, Ferri pereyon'i- 
 dum, Trito-hydro-ferrocy'anate of iron, Ferrocy- 
 anuret of iron, Ferro-prus'siote of iron, (F.) Btett 
 de Prusse. In the Pharmacopceia of the United 
 States, the pure salt — Ferri ferrocyanuretum — is 
 directed to be made as follows : Ferri Sulph.^iv, 
 acid sulph. f^iiiss, acid nitric, f^vj or q. s.. po- 
 tassii ferrocyanuret. ,^ivss, aquce, Oij. Dissolve 
 the sulphate in a pint of water, and having add- 
 ed the sulphuric acid, boil the solution. Pour 
 into it the nitric acid, in small portions, boiling 
 the liquid for a minute or two after each addi- 
 tion, until it no longer produces a dark colour: 
 then allow the liquid to cool. Dissolve the ferro- 
 cyanuret of potassium in the remainder of the 
 water, and add this solution gradually to the first 
 liquid, agitating the mixture after each addition; 
 then pour it upon a filter. Wash the precipitate 
 with boiling water until the washings pass taste- 
 less. Lastlj', dry and rub into powder. This 
 salt is chiefly used in the preparation of the hy- 
 drocyanic acid and the cyanuret of mercury. It 
 has been advised in the treatment of intermit- 
 tents, and in epilepsy and scrophulosis. Exter- 
 nally, it has been applied to ill-conditioned ulcers. 
 (Zi to ^j, of cerate.) Dose, four to six grains. 
 
 PSALIDIUM, Fornix. 
 
 PSALIS, Fornix. Scissors. 
 
 PSALTERIUM, Lvra. 
 
 PSAMMA, see Gravel. 
 
 PSAMMIS'MUS, Ammis'mns, Gnmmis'mus, 
 from ^a/i/iof, ' sand.' Arena'tin. The application 
 of sand to any part of the body for the cure of 
 disease. — Paulus. 
 
 PSAMMODES, Sabulous, 
 
 PSAMMUS. see Gravel. 
 
 PSELLIS'MUS, i^£>Xi£r/,of, from t/.£X>i^w, 'I 
 stutter.' Imperfect or depraved state of the arti- 
 culation. A genus in the class Pnciimatica, order 
 Phonica, of Good. 
 
 PsEi.LisMus Nasitas, Rbinophonia — p. Rho- 
 tacismus, Rotacism. 
 
PSELOTES 
 
 721 
 
 PSOITIS 
 
 P3ELL0TES, Balbuties. 
 
 PSETJDACACIA ODORATA, Robinia pseu- 
 dacaeia. 
 
 PS'E'DBAC'O'E, Pseudacoi'a, Pseudecoi'a,frova. 
 ipeviris, 'false,' and a/coi?, ' audition.' Paeudacu'sis. 
 Palse hearing. 
 
 PSEUDACORUS, Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 PSEUDvESTHE'SIA, Sensus perver'sus, from 
 4'evSrj?i 'false,' and aiaS^avoiiai, 'I feel.' Parapsia 
 illnno'ria, Pseudo'phe, Paeudaph'ia. Depraved 
 feeling. Imaginary sense of touch or general' 
 feeling in organs that have no existence. Com- 
 laon to those who have suffered amputation ; and 
 in hypochondriacs and the insane. 
 
 PSEUD ALEI MORBI, Feigned diseases. 
 
 PSEUDANGUSTURINUM, Brucine. 
 
 PSEUDAPHE, Pseudassthesia, 
 
 PSEUDARTHRO'SIS, Psendarticula'tio, 
 Psexidartic'ulua, Articula'tio notha seu artificia'- 
 lis, from xliEvhn, 'false,' and apSpov, 'a joint.' A 
 false joint or articulation. 
 
 PSEUDARTICULATIO, Pseudarthrosis. 
 
 PSETJDECOIA, Pseudacoe. ' 
 
 PSEUDENCEPH'ALUS, Paraceph'alua, from 
 xlivSris, ' false,' and cyKtrftaXov, ' the encephalon.' 
 A monster, whose cranium is open in its whole 
 extent, from befoi-e to behind, its base supporting 
 a vascular tumour. — G. St. Ililaire. 
 
 PSEUDO, False — p. Asthma, Dyspnoea. 
 
 PSEUDOBLEP'SIA, Pseudoblepsia, Paeudo- 
 rn'sia, Suffu'aio oc'uli, from il'cvirjs, 'false,' and 
 fiXcxpiff ' sight.' Paeudops'ia, Parop'aia illuso'ria, 
 Suffn'sio, Phantaa'ma, False ahjht. A generic 
 name,, used by Cullen for perversion of vision. 
 See Metamorphopsia. 
 
 PSEUD OBLEPSIS, Paropsis. 
 
 PSEUDOCARCDSrOMA LABII, Cancer aqua- 
 tieus. 
 
 PSEUDOCROUP, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 PSEUDOCYESIS, Pregnancy, false— p. Cye- 
 sis molaris, Mole. 
 
 PSEUDOENCEPHALITIS, Hydrencephaloid 
 disease. 
 
 PSEUDO-FEVER, Irritation, morbid. 
 
 PSEUDOGEU'SIA, Paeudogen'sia, Paendo- 
 gfvs'tia, from i^£U(5?;s, 'false,' and ytucis, ^ taste.' 
 HnUnciiia'tio cptstDa. False taste. 
 
 PSEUDOGEUSTIA, Pseudogeusia. 
 
 PSEUDOHELMINTHES, Ectozoa. 
 
 PSEUDOLI'EjN", Paevdoaplen. Glands situate 
 in the neighbom-hood of the spleen ; probably, 
 lymphatic glands. 
 
 * PSEUDOMECHOACANA. Convolvulus pan- 
 duratus. 
 
 PSEUDOMEDICUS, Charlatan. 
 
 PSEUDOMELANOTIC FORMATIONS, see 
 Anthracosis — p. 3Iemhrane, Membrane, false. 
 
 PsEUDOMELANOTic Menixx, Membrane, false — 
 p. Metamorphosis polyposa. Polypus. 
 
 PSEUDOMEMBRANA, Membrane, false. 
 
 PSEUDONARCISSUS, Narcissus pseudonar- 
 cissus. 
 
 PSEUDOPERIPNEUMONIA,Peripneumonia 
 notha. 
 
 PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS VENTRICULI RE- 
 SOLUTIVA ET COLLIQUATIVA, Gastroma- 
 lacia. 
 
 _ PSEUDOPHTHI'SIS. False phthisis. Ema- 
 ciation occasioned by other cause than organic 
 lesion of the lungs. 
 
 PSEUDOPLAS'MATA, from 4,cvhvi, 'false,' 
 and TT^aaao), ' I form.' A term applied to malig- 
 nant heterologous tumours. — Vogel. 
 
 PSEUDOPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia— p. Po- 
 4.Q 
 
 lypi, see Polypi — p. Pyretbrum, Achillea ptar- 
 mica — p. Spleen, Pseudolien. 
 
 PSEUDOPNEUMONIA, Peripneumonia no- 
 tha. 
 
 PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia no- 
 tha. 
 
 PSEUDOPSIA, Pseudoblepsia. 
 
 PSEUDORASIS, Pseudoblepsia. 
 
 PSEUDOREX'IA, Paeudorex'ia, from ^tv^rn, 
 'false,' and ope^i;, 'appetite.' False appetite. 
 
 PSEUDO-RHONCHUS, from -^svi,,?, 'false,' 
 and poyxo;, ' rattle.' A sound heard during re- 
 spiration, which appears to be produced, like the 
 ordinary rhonehi, in the air-tubes, but is exterior 
 to them — as in the case of pleural 2Jacudorhoiichi. 
 See Rattle, and Rale. 
 
 PSEUDOS'MIA, PseudoapTire'aia, Paevdoa- 
 phre'aia, irova x^tuhrj?, 'false,' and oafii?, 'smell.' 
 False sense of smell. 
 
 PSEUDOPHRESIA, Pseudosmia. 
 
 PSEUDOSYPHILIS, Syphilis pseudosyphilis, 
 
 PSEUDOTHANATOS, Asphyxia. 
 
 PSEUDOYARIOLiE, Varicella. 
 
 PSEUDYMEN, Membrane, false. 
 
 PSID'IUM POMIF'ERUM. The Aj^ple Gna. 
 va, Giiava, Guayava. This plant and P. Pyrif- 
 ermn bear fruits ; those of the former like apples, 
 — of the latter like pears. The apple kind has 
 an acid flavour, the other is sweet. Of the inner 
 pulp of either, the natives of the Indies make 
 jellies ; and, of the outer rind, tarts, marmalades, 
 &c. They are somewhat astringent; this qua- 
 litj', indeed, exists in every part of the tree, and 
 abundantly in the leaf-buds, which are occasion- 
 ally boiled with barley and liquorice as an excel- 
 lent drink in diarrhoea. A simple decoction of 
 the leaves is said to be useful in the itch, and 
 most cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 PSILOSIS, Depilation. 
 
 PSILOTHRUM, Bryonia alba. Depilatory. 
 
 PSIMMYTHON, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 PSOA, Dysodia. 
 
 PSOJil, PaoicB, Psym, Lumhi, 'the loins,' Alop'- 
 ecea, Nephroma' tr as, Neivrome' trea. The psoSB 
 muscles. 
 
 PSOAS MAGNUS, Psoas seu himha'ria inter'- 
 nns, Pre-Iombo-trochantin, Pre-lombo-trochnn^ 
 tiiiien (Ch.), Femur moven'tium sexfiis. A mus- 
 cle, seated on the lateral parts of the lumbar por- 
 tion of the vertebral column ; and passing down 
 to the superior and anterior part of the thigh. It 
 is long, fusiform, and attached, above, to the 
 body and transverse processes of the first four 
 lumbar vertebra;, and last dorsal. Below, it ter- 
 minates, by a very thick tendon, common to it 
 and the iliacus muscle, — which is inserted into 
 the top of the lesser trochanter. This musel* 
 bends the thigh upon the pelvis, and carries it iu 
 rotation outwards. It may, also, bend the pelvis 
 on the thigh, and the loins on the pelvis. It acts 
 considerably in station and progression. 
 
 Psoas Parvus, Pre-lombo-pubien, (Ch.) A 
 muscle situate anteriorly to the last. It is long, 
 thin, flat, and narrow ; and is attached, above, to 
 the body of the last dorsal vertebra, and below, 
 to the linea ileo-pectinea, by means of a slender 
 tendon, which furnishes two expansions — one to 
 the Iliac aponeuroais, and the other to the pelvis. 
 This muscle bends the vertebral column on tha 
 pelvis; and, reciprocally, the pelvis on the ver- 
 tebral column. 
 
 PSODYMUS, Gastrodidymus. 
 
 PSOI^, PsoEe. 
 
 PSOJTE, Psoitis. 
 
 PSOi'TIS, Inflamma'tio mua'ctdi Paoas, Lm*. 
 ia'go inflammato'ria apaamod'ica, (F.) Pio'iie, /i»» 
 
PSOLE 
 
 722 
 
 PSYLLIUM 
 
 Jfammation du muscle Psoas. From t^.oai, 'the 
 loins,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the psoas muscles and of the parts 
 situate before the lumbar vertebrae : accompanied, 
 from its commencement, by considerable fever, 
 Tiolent pains in the part afi"ected and in the thigh 
 of the same side, which remains commonly half 
 bent. Psoitis may terminate by suppuration, and 
 form lumbar abscess. 
 
 PSOLE, -^taSri, 'the male organ.' Also, the 
 gllans when uncovered. 
 
 PSOLON, Membrosus. 
 
 PSOLON'CUS, from \l,w\r), and oyKo^, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Swelling of the glans, or of the penis 
 generally. 
 
 PSOLUS, from \' uX??. One who has the glans 
 nncovered. One who has been circumcised. 
 
 PSOPHOMETER, Stethoscope. 
 
 PSOPHOS, ipo(po;, 'a noise.' A loud noise; a 
 hollow sound. 
 
 PSORA, from <P(oo), 'I touch, I feel.' Sca'Mes, 
 PMyais Scabies, Eepye'sis Scabies, Scabiola, Itch, 
 Scratch, Scotch fiddle, (F.) Gale, Mai Saint-Main, 
 liogne. A contagious eruption of very minute 
 pimples — pustular, vesicular, papular, intermixed, 
 and alternating, itching intolerably and termina- 
 ting in scabs. It seems to be connected with an 
 insect of the genus Acarus ; — the Ac'arus s«u 
 Sarcop'tes seu Sarcop'tus sen Phthi'ritim seu Chey- 
 le'tus Scabiei, Ac'arus Ciro, Itch-insect, (F.) Ciron. 
 The itch occupies, particularly, the spaces between 
 the fingers, the back of the hands, wrists, elbows, 
 axillas, groins, hams, <fec., and rarely afi"ects the 
 face. The best applications, for its cure, are,— 
 the Unffuentum Sulphuris or Ung. Sidph. comp. 
 night and morning ; hut the unpleasant smell of 
 the sulphur has given occasion to the use of other 
 means; — as the White Hellebore, Potass in deli- 
 quescence. Muriate of Ammonia, Snlphuric Acid, 
 &c. The repugnance to the smell of sulphur 
 ought not, however, to be regarded ; especially 
 as, in the course of four or five days, it will, in 
 almost all cases, produce a perfect cure. 
 
 Psora Agria, Psoriasis inveterata — p. Lepro- 
 ga. Psoriasis — p. Squamosa, Psoriasis. 
 
 PSORA'LEA GLANDULO'SA, Alvaquil'la. 
 Family, Leguminosa?. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia De- 
 candria. A shrub, used in Chili as a vulnerary. 
 
 Psora'leA PentAPHYL'la, Psora'lia, Contra- 
 yer'va nova, Mex'ican Contrayer'va. The root is 
 little, if at all, inferior to the contrayerva in its 
 medical properties ; which, by the by, are unim- 
 portant. 
 
 PSORALIA, Psoralea pentaphylla. 
 
 PSORENTERIA, Cholera. 
 
 PSORI'ASIS, formerly, the state of being af- 
 fected with \lu>pa. Lepido'sis psori'asis, Serpe'do, 
 Serpi'gn, Impeti'go (of some), Sca'bies sic'ca, S. 
 feri'na. Psora lepro'sa, P. gqnamo'sa, Scaly Tet- 
 ter, Dry Scale, Dry Scall, (F.) Dartre squnmeuse 
 licheno'ide, D. ecailleuse, Gratelle, Gale miliare, 
 G. canine ou scche. A cutaneous aff"ection, con- 
 sisting of patches of rough, armorphous scales; 
 continuous, or of indeterminate outline ; skin 
 often chappy. Psoriasis occurs under a consi- 
 derable variety of forms. The surface, under the 
 *c;iles, is more tender and irritable than in lepra, i 
 which psoriasis, in some respects, resembles. Dr. j 
 Willan has given names to eleven varieties of 
 Dsoriasis : the chief of which are the Psorinnis 
 gutta'ta, P. diffu'sa (one form of which is the 
 Hnher's Itch and Grocer's Itch, and another, the 
 Washerwoman's Scall), the P. gyra'ta, and P. 
 tutetera'ta seu Psora a'gria. The treatment of 
 pa&riasis must be antiphlogistic, with the internal 
 nee of the fixed alkalies, sulphur, &c. The irri- 
 
 table kinds do better without any local applies* 
 tion. The more local and less inflammatory are 
 ameliorated by emollient and soothing applica- 
 tions ; or by slightly stimulating means, sea- 
 bathing, the Ung. hydrarg. nitrico-oxyd., Ung. 
 oxidi zinci, <S;c. 
 
 PSO'RICUS. That which has the nature of 
 itch. A medicine for curing the itch. 
 
 PSOROPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi — p. 
 Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infan- 
 ■ tum). 
 
 PSY^, Psose. 
 
 PSYCHAGOGA, Psychagogica. 
 PSYCHAGO'GICA, Psychago'ga, from ^^.vxv, 
 'life,' 'soul,' and ayw, 'I lead.' Medicines which 
 resuscitate, when life seems extinct; as in syn- 
 cope and apoplexy. 
 PSYCHE, Anima. 
 
 PSYCHIATRI'A, from Mxri, 'mind,' and 
 larptia, 'healing.' Treatment of diseases of the 
 mind. 
 
 PSY'CHICAL, Psy'chicns, from ipvxv, 'mind.' 
 That which relates to the mind or mental endow- 
 ments. Psychological is not unfrequently used 
 with the like signification. 
 
 PSYCHOLOGICAL, see Psychical. 
 PSYCHOL'OGY, Psycholog"ia, from ^Ivxv, 
 'mind,' and ^oyos, 'discourse.' A treatise on the 
 intellectual and moral faculties. Also, the intel- 
 lectual and moral faculties or sphere. 
 
 PSYCHONOSOL'OGY, Psychonosolog"ia, from 
 4'vX'J> 'mind,' voaos, 'disease,' and Xoyoy, 'a de- 
 scription.' The doctrine of, or a treatise on, dis- 
 eases of the mind. 
 PSYCHOPATHIES, Psychoses. 
 PSYCHOR'AGES, Agoni'zans, Moribun'dut, 
 Mor'ibund, from ^'vxv, 'mind,' and payjj, 'rup- 
 ture.' Dying. In Articulo Mortis. 3Ioribund 
 means, also, one who is dying. 
 PSYCHORAGIA, Agony, Death. 
 PSYCHORRHAGIA, Agony, Death. 
 PSYCHOS, Cold. 
 
 PSYCHO'SES, from 'pvxv) 'mind.' Neuroses 
 of the intellect. Diseases of the mind. Psy- 
 chop'athies. 
 
 PSYCHOTICA, Analeptica. 
 PSYCnOTRIA, Analeptica— p. Emetica, Ipe- 
 cacuanha. 
 
 PSYCHOTROPHUM, Betoniea officinalis. 
 PSYCHROLU'SIA, Psychrolu'tron, from x^v- 
 Xpo?' 'cold,' and Xovoi, 'I wash.' A cold bath. 
 
 PSYCHROPHOB'IA, from ■^vxpo';, 'cold,' and 
 (popog, ' fear.' Dread of cold, especially of cold 
 water. Impressibility to cold. 
 PSYCHTICA, Refrigerants. 
 
 PSYDRA'CIA, quasi, xpvKpa 'vSpaxia, 'cold 
 drops.' The ancients sometimes used this term 
 for piirnples ; at others, for vesicles. Willan ar.d 
 Batem.an define Psydracium to be, a small pus- 
 tule, often irregularly circumscribed, producing 
 but a slight elevation of the cuticle, and ternsi- 
 nating in a laminated scab. Many of the psy- 
 draeia usually appear together, and become con- 
 fluent; and, after the discharge of pus, they ponr 
 out a thin, watery humour; which frequently 
 forms an irregular incrustation. Frank limits 
 the term to a psoriform eruption, which diflcrji 
 from itch in not originating from an insect, and 
 is not eontngious; — perhiips the lichen. Ah 
 thors have differed regarding its acceptation. 
 PsvDUAciA Acne, Acne. 
 PSYLLIUM, Plantago psyllium — p. Erectnm, 
 Plantago psyllium. 
 
PTARMICA 
 
 723 
 
 PTERYGOID 
 
 PTARMICA, Achillea ptarmica — p. Montana, 
 Arnica montana. 
 
 PTARMICUM, Errhine, Sternutatory. 
 
 PTARMOS, Sneezing. 
 
 PTELEA, Ulmus. 
 
 PTERIS, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 Pteris Aquili'na, 'Eaghs' Wings,' so called 
 from its leaves. Pter'ia, Thehjp'teris, Filix Nym- 
 pkm'a seu fe'mina, Asple'nium aquili'mim, Com- 
 mon Brake or Female Fern; Eagle Fern, Bracken, 
 (F.) Fougere femelle, La grande Fougere. Nat. 
 Ord. Filices. The root is considered to be an- 
 thelmintic ; and as efficacious as that of the male 
 fern in cases of tapeworm. 
 
 Pteris Palustris, Asplenium filix foemina. 
 
 PTERNA, Caleaneum. 
 
 PTERXIUM, Caleaneum. 
 
 PTERNOBATES, Galcigradus. 
 
 PTEROCARPUS ERINACEA, see Kino— p. 
 Marsupium, see Kino — p. Sandalinus, P. Santa- 
 linus. 
 
 Pterocar'pus Santali'nus, p. SandaU'nus, 
 San'talum, seu San'dalum Rubrum, Bed Sanders 
 or Saunders Tree, (F.) Santal rouge. Famihj, 
 Leguminosffi. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Deeandria. 
 Red Saunders wood, San'talum (Ph. U. S.,) Lig- 
 num sandali'num is used only as a colouring mat- 
 ter : it gives to rectified spirit a fine deep red. 
 The juice of this tree, like that of P. Draco, af- 
 fords a species of Dragon's Blood. 
 
 PTEROS'PORA ANDROMEDEA, Scaly Dra- 
 gon claio, Dragon root, Fever root, Albany beecli- 
 d'rop. An indigenous plant, Nat. Ord. Mono- 
 tropeas, Sex. Syst. Deeandria Monogynia : — found 
 in the state of New York, which blossoms in July. 
 The root has been regarded as an anthelmintic, 
 diuretic, eramenagogue, &c. : but it is not used. 
 
 PTERYG'ION, Pteryg'ium, Ala, from Trrcpnf, 
 *a wing.' A small wing. Onyx, Pyo'sis, Unguis, 
 (P.) Drapeau, Onglet. A varicose excrescence 
 of the conjunctiva, of a triangular shape, and 
 commonly occurring at the inner angle of the 
 eye; whence it extends over the cornea. Some- 
 times two or three pterygia occur on the same 
 eye, and cover the whole cornea with a thick 
 veil, which totally prevents vision. According to 
 Scarpa, the ancients gave the name Pannic'ulus 
 to this last complication. If the pterygion can- 
 not be dispelled by means of discutient collyria, 
 it must be removed by the scissors. 
 
 PTERYGIUM, Pterygion, Scapula— p. Digiti, 
 Paronychia — p. Lardaceum, Pinguecula — p. JPin- 
 gue, Pinguecula. 
 
 PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE, Ptery- 
 goideus internus — p. Colli-maxillaire, Pterygoid- 
 eus externus — p. Maxillaire, grand, Pterygoideus 
 internus — p. Maxillaire, petit, Pterygoideus ex- 
 ternus — p. Palatine canal, Pterygoid canal — p. 
 Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis — p. Staphy- 
 linus, Circumflexus. 
 
 PTER'YG0-PAL'ATINE,P<ej-y-7o-Pa?a(i'««s. 
 That which belongs to the pterygoid process and 
 palate. 
 
 Pterygo-Palatine Artery or Superior pha- 
 ryngeal is a very small artery, and is given off by 
 the internal maxillary at the bottom of the zygo- 
 matic fossa: after having passed through the 
 pterygo-palatine canal, it is distributed to the 
 superior part of the pharj-nx, the sphenoid bone, 
 and the Eustachian tube. 
 
 Pterygo-Palatine Canal. A small canal, 
 formed by the internal ala of the pterygoid pro- 
 cess, and the palate bone. It gives passage to 
 the vessels of the same name. 
 
 PTERYGO-STAPHYLINUS INTERNUS, 
 Levator palati — p. Syndesmo-staphyli-pTiaryngien, 
 Constrictor pharyngis. 
 
 PTERYGODES, Alatus, 
 
 PTER'YGOID, PterygoVdes, Pterygoideus, Alt- 
 for' mis ; from nrcpv^, "a wing,' and ti&oi, 'form.' 
 A name given to two processes at the inferior sur- 
 face of the sphenoid bone ; the two laminae which 
 form them having been compared to wings. 
 These aloe or loings or processes, — Proces'sus ali- 
 form'es, — have been distinguished, according to 
 their position, into internal and external. 
 
 Pterygoid Artery, Vid'ian Artery, Ram'idus 
 DuctOiS Pterygo'idei, Arte'ria pharynge'a supre'ma, 
 arises from the internal maxillary artery, at the 
 bottom of the zygomatic fossa, and enters the 
 pterygoid canal with the nerve of tbe same name, 
 to proceed to be distributed on the Eustachian 
 tube and velum palati. The name, pterygoid 
 arteries, is likewise given to the branches, which 
 the internal maxillary and some of its divisions, 
 as the meningea media, and posterior temporalis 
 profunda, furnish to the pterygoid muscles, be- 
 hind the neck of the lower jaw. 
 
 Pterygoid Bone, Sphenoid. 
 
 Pterygoid Canal, Vid'ian canal. Ductus pte- 
 rygo'ideus, Cana'lis Vidia'nus, (F.) Oondvit ptery- 
 go'idien ou Vidien, Pterygo-p)alatine canal, is a 
 narrow channel, which traverses, in a direction 
 from before to behind, the base of the pterygoid 
 process, and gives passage to the pterygoid nerve. 
 The foramina of the sphenoid, which terminate 
 the canals, have the same epithets applied to 
 them. 
 
 Pterygoid Fossa, Fossa Pterygo'idea, (F.) 
 Fosse pterygo'idienne ou pterygo'ide, is the de- 
 pression which separates the two laminae or alas 
 of the pterygoid process. 
 
 Pterygoid Mus'cles, Ala'res mus'culi. Ali- 
 form' es mus'cuU, are two in number. 1. The 
 Pterygoideus externus, P. minor, (F.) Pterygo- 
 colli-maxillaire. Petit Pterygo-maxillaire (Ch.) 
 Petit pterygo'idien, Pterygo'idien extenie, is a 
 thick, short muscle, which arises, by short apo- 
 neuroses, from the outer surface of the external 
 ala of the pterygoid process, and from the outer 
 surface of the great ala of the sphenoid bone : 
 and is inserted at the anterior part of the neck 
 of the lower jaw-bone, and the corresponding part 
 of the inter-articular fibro-cartilage. This muscle 
 draws the condyle of the lower jaw and the inter- 
 articular ligament forwards. It carries the chin 
 forwards, and to the opposite side. If the two 
 external pterygoids act together, the jaw is car- 
 ried directly forwards. 2. The Pterygoideus in- 
 ternus, P. major, Masse'ter intern'us, Latens in. 
 Ore, (F.) Grand Pterygo-maxillaire, Pterygo- 
 anguli-maxillaire, Grand Pterygo'idien ou Ptery- 
 go'idien interne. A thick, quadrilateral muscle, 
 which is attached by short and very strong apo- 
 neuroses ; above, to the pterygoid fossa, whence 
 it proceeds downwards, backwards, and outwards, 
 to be inserted into the inner surface of the ramus 
 of the lower jaw, near its angle. This muscle 
 raises the lower jaw, and carries it a little for- 
 wards. It also performs the grinding motion. 
 
 Pterygoid Nerves. These are two in num- 
 ber. I. The Pterygoid or Vid'ian Nerve. It 
 arises from the posterior part of the spheno- 
 palatine ganglion ; traverses the Vidian canal of 
 the sphenoid ; and, beyond, divides into two fila- 
 rtients. 1. A superior or cranial, Nervus superji- 
 cia'lis sive petro'sus, which ascends into the cra- 
 nium, and enters the hiatus of Fallopius to unite 
 with the facial nerve. 2. An inferior or carotid, 
 Nervus profundus sive ??(cyor, which traverses the 
 carotid canal, and unites with the ascending 
 branches of tie superior cervical ganglion of the 
 trisplanchnic. il The Pterygoid Nerve, pro- 
 perly so called, Nervus musculi pterygo'idei, is 
 given off by the inferior maxillary biaiich of tho 
 5 th pair. 
 
PTERTGOlDlEN 
 
 724 
 
 PUDffilLIA 
 
 PTERYGOTDIEN GRAND ov INTERNE, 
 Pterygoideus intemus — p. Externe, Pterygoideus 
 extemus — p. Petit, Pterygoideus externus. 
 
 PTERYGO'MA. Same etymon. A wing; a 
 projecting or pendulous body. A swelling of the 
 vulva, which prevents coition. — M. A. Severinus. 
 
 PTERYX, Ala. 
 
 PTILOSIS, Deplumatio, Madarosis. 
 
 PTISAN A, Tisane — p. Communis, Decoctum 
 hordei compositum — p. Hippocratica, Decoctum 
 hordei. 
 
 PTISSANA, Tisane. 
 
 PTOCHIA'TER, Ptochia'irus, same etymon as 
 the next. A physician to the poor, or to an esta- 
 blishment for the poor. 
 
 PTOCHIATRI'A, from vTOixo;, 'poor,' and 
 laTpsta, ' healing.' Practice amongst the poor. 
 Also, an institution for the treatment of the dis- 
 eases of the poor. 
 
 PTOCHOCOMI'UM, from t:tu>xos, 'a poor per- 
 son,' and KOfitij}, ' I take care of;' Ptochodoclii'um, 
 Ptochotrophe' um. An almshouse. ' 
 
 PTOCHODOCHIUM, Ptoehocomium. 
 
 PTOCHOTROPHEUM, Ptochocominm. 
 
 PTOMA, Cadaver. 
 
 PTOSIS, Prolapsus — p. Bulbi oculi, Exoph- 
 thalmia.. 
 
 Ptosis Ir'idis, Iridoce'le, Uer'nia Ir'idis, Tri- 
 dopto'sis, Prolap'auB Iridis, from Trraai;, ' a fall- 
 ing.' A prolapsus of the iris through a wound 
 of the cornea. It is known by a blackish tubercle, 
 which projects a little from the cornea in various 
 forms. 
 
 Ptosis Palpebk^e, Blepharoptosis. 
 
 PTYALAGOGUE, Sialogogue. 
 
 PTYALIN, see Saliva. 
 
 PTYALISM, Salivation. 
 
 PTYALISME 3IERCURIEL, Salivation, 
 mercurial. 
 
 PTYALISMUS, Salivation— p. Acutus melli- 
 tus, see Salivation — p. Acutus sympatheticus, see 
 Salivation — p. Hydrargyratus, Salivation, mercu- 
 rial — p. Iners, Slavering — p. Mercnrialis, Saliva- 
 tion, mercurial — p. Pyrosicus, Pyrosis. 
 
 PTYALOGOGUE, Sialogogue. 
 
 PTYALON, Saliva. 
 
 PTYASMAGOGUE, Expectorant, Sialogogue. 
 
 PTYELON, Saliva, Sputum. 
 
 PTYSIS, Exspuition. 
 
 PTYSMA, Saliva. 
 
 PTYSMAGOGUE, Sialogogue. 
 
 PTYSMATIS'CHESIS, Ptyamatoa'chesis, from 
 KTvayia, 'sputum,' and lax^i-v, 'to retain,' Sup- 
 pression of pulmonary expectoration. 
 
 PTYSMATOSCHESIS, Ptysmatischesis. 
 
 PV ANT EUR, Dysodia. 
 
 PUBENS, Ephebus. 
 
 PUBER, Ephebus. 
 
 PU'BEBAL ; same etymon as Puberty. Re- 
 lating or appertaining to the age of puberty — as 
 'a, puberal disease.' 
 
 PUBERE, Ephebus. 
 
 PUBERTAS, Ephebia. 
 
 PU'BERTY, Puhertas, Hele, Pubes, Aphro- 
 dia'ia, Ephebi'a, Ephe'bia, Ephe'botes, Ephebo'- 
 vi/ne, Pitbes'cence, from pubescere, 'to begin to 
 have hair on the chin and sexual organs.' The 
 period of life at which young people of both sexes 
 are pubes'cent or nubile. According to the civil 
 law, puberty occurs at 12 years in females, and 
 T4 in males. The period varies somewhat in dif- 
 ferent climates, and in different individuals of 
 the same climate. 
 
 PUBES, Epia'chion, Epicten'ion, Cteia, Pecten; 
 the Pubic region. Same etymon. The middle 
 pan of the hypogastric region ; so called, because 
 it is covered with hair, in both sexes, at the 
 
 period of puberty. The hair is also called Puhe»_ 
 Lanv'go seu Pill^ Pudendo'rum Planta'rium j 
 and, of old, pubertaa signified the same. 
 
 Pdbes, Puberty. 
 
 PUBESCENCE, Puberty. 
 
 PUBESCENT, see Puberty. 
 
 PUBI^US, Pubic. 
 
 PUBIC, Pu'bicm, Pu'bicua, Pubice'ua, (F.) 
 Pubien. That which belongs to or concerns the 
 pubis. 
 
 Pubic Arch or Arch of the Puh'a, (P.) Arcade 
 pnbietme. The arch at the anterior part of the 
 inferior circumference of the pelvis. It is more 
 expanded in the female than in the male; to cor- 
 respond with the additional functions which she 
 has to execute. 
 
 Pubic Aeticula'tiox, or Sym'pliyaia Pubis, 
 results from the junction of the ossa pubis. The 
 medium of union is cartilage. 
 
 Pubic Lig'amejtts arc two very solid, fibrous 
 fasciae, situate before and beneath the symphj'sis 
 pubis, which they strengthen. The one is called 
 the anterior pubic ligament ; the other the infe- 
 rior or aubpubic. 
 
 Pubic Region, Re'gio Pubis. The region of 
 the pubes. 
 
 PUBIEN, Pubic. 
 
 PUBIO- COCCYG IE N- ANNUL AIRE, 
 Pubio-coccyge'ua annida'ria. Dumas gave this 
 name to the levator ani and ischio-coccygeus, 
 which he considers a single muscle. 
 
 PUBIO-COCGYGIEN-ANNULAIRE, Leva- 
 tor Ani — p. Femoral, Pectinalis — p. Femoralis, 
 Adductor longus femoris — p. Ombilical, Pyra- 
 midalis abdominis — p. Prostaticus, Compressor 
 prostatas — p. Sova-omhilical, Pyramidalis abdo- 
 minis — p. Sternal, Rectus abdominis — p. Ure- 
 thral, see Compressor Urethra?. 
 
 PUBIS, OS, Episei'on, Epiai'on, Epia'chion, 
 Share Bone, Bar-bone, Oa Pec'tinia. The ante- 
 rior part of the os innominatum ; so called be- 
 cause it corresponds to the genital organs and 
 pubic region. The angle of the pubis is formed 
 by the union of the body and rami of each side. 
 
 PUB'LIC^ PARTES. Those organs are so 
 called, the object of whose functions is the nutri- 
 tion of all the others. Such are the digestive 
 and respiratory organs. 
 
 PUCCOON, Sanguinaria Canadensis — p. Red, 
 Sanguinaria Canadensis — p. Yellow, Hydrastis 
 Canadensis. 
 
 PUCE, Pulex imtans — p. 3Ialigne, see An- 
 thrax — p. Penetrante, Ghique. 
 
 PUCELAGE, Virginity. 
 
 PUCELLE, Virgin. 
 
 PUDDING-GRASS, Mentha puleginm. 
 
 PUDENDA, Genital organs. 
 
 Pudenda Virorum, Pudibilia. 
 
 PUDEND'AGRA. A hybrid word ; from pu- 
 denda, (pudere, 'to be ashamed,') 'the genital 
 organs,' and the Greek aypa, 'a seizure.' Accord- 
 ing to some, this term means pain in the genital 
 parts : Polor pudendo'rum, Men'tulagra, jEd^ro- 
 dyn'ia ; according to others, it is synonymous 
 with syphilis. 
 
 PuDENDAGRA Pruriens, Prurigo pudendi mu- 
 liebris. 
 
 PUDEN'DAL HER'NIA. Hernia, which de- 
 scends between the vagina and ramus ischii, and 
 forms an oblong tumour in the labium; traceable 
 in the pelvis, as far as the os uteri. 
 
 PUDENDALIS LONGUS INFERIOR, see 
 Sciatic nerve, lesser. 
 
 PUDENDUM, FEMALE, Vulva— p. Mulicbre, 
 Vulva. 
 
 PUDENDUS, Pudic. 
 
 PUDIBIL'IA ; from j^ndere, ' to be ashamed. 
 
PUDIO 
 
 725 
 
 PULMONARIA 
 
 Tho male genital organs; Genita'UaViri,Viril'ia, 
 Pensil'ia, Instrumen'ta, Puden'da viro'rum, Pon- 
 
 PUDIC, Pudi'cim, Puden'dus, (F.) Honteux. 
 Bame etymon. That which causes shame. A 
 name given to the genital organs as well as to 
 different other parts. 
 
 PuDic Arteries are distributed to the organs 
 of generation. They are, — 1. The internal I'udic, 
 Arterta Pudi'ca, A. jn'-den'da oommu'nts, (F.) 
 Artere honteiise interne, A. Soits-jmbieiine (Ch.), 
 Gen'ital Ar'tery. It is furnished by the hypo- 
 gastric, and divides into two branches ; the one 
 — the inferior or 'perineal — which gives off the 
 inferior hemorrhoidal and the artery of the sep- 
 tum ; and the other — the superior, (F.) Ischiope- 
 nienne — which furnishes the transverse perineal 
 artery, and divides into two branches ; the artery 
 of the corpus cavernosum, and the dorsalis penis. 
 This latter, in the female, has the name Dorsa'lis 
 Glitor'idis. 2. The external Pudic Arteries, (F.) 
 Arteres scrotales ou vuloaires (Ch.), A. honteuses 
 externes, which are two in number. The one is 
 superficial or subcutaneous, and the other deep- 
 seated or subaponeurotic. They are given off 
 from the femoral artery, or some one of its 
 branches ; and are distributed to the external 
 parts of generation. 
 
 Pudic Nerve, (F.) Nerf honteux, Nerf ischio- 
 penien ou Ischio-clitorien (Ch.), is a branch fur- 
 nished by the sacral plexus, which is distributed 
 to the genital organs ; and especially, to the penis 
 in man, and the clitoris in the female. 
 
 PU'ERILE, Pueri'lis, from piier, 'a child,' 
 (F.) Respiration puerile, R. exagerie, R. supple- 
 mentaire, R. hypervesiculaire. A term applied 
 to the respiration when it is heard loud through 
 the stethoscope, as in healthy children. 
 
 PUERILITAS, Dementia of the aged. 
 
 PUERITIA, see Age. 
 
 PUER'PERA, fiov3. puer, 'a child,' axii parere, 
 ' to bring forth.' T'okas, Lochos, Enix'a, Lecho, 
 a lying-in woman, (F.) Femme en Oouche, Ac- 
 couchee. A female in child-bed. One recently 
 delivered. 
 
 PUER'PERAL, Puerpera' lis ; froia puerpera. 
 Relating to parturition and its consequences. 
 
 Puerperal Convulsions, Eclampsia gravida- 
 rum et parturientium. 
 
 Puee'peral Fever. Any fever occurring 
 during the puerperal state — Febris puerpera' rum, 
 Lechop'yra, Lochioccelii'tis, Lochiop'yra, Child- 
 led fever. Most commonly restricted to a ma- 
 lignant variety of peritonitis. 
 
 PUERPERIUM, Child-bed state. 
 
 PUERPEROUS, Parturient. 
 
 PUFF, VEILED, see Cavernous respiration. 
 
 PUFF-BALL, Lycoperdon, Leontodon taraxa- 
 cum. 
 
 PUF'FINESS, from (D.) poffen, 'to blow:' 
 Infia'tio, Suffia'tio; Tumefac'tio mollis, (F.) Bouf- 
 fissure, Boursouflure. A soft intumescence, with- 
 out redness, which may be partial or general, and 
 be produced by accumulation of serous fluid, ex- 
 travasation of blood, effusion of air into the sub- 
 cutaneous areolar tissue, &c. Puffiness is most 
 frequently seen in the face and legs ; and some- 
 times appears around a wound. 
 
 PUGIL'LUS, Drax, Dra'chion, from pugnus, 
 'the fist.' Dragma, Dragmis, (F.) Pineee. The 
 quantity of any substance, which may be taken 
 with the end of two or three fingers. The eighth 
 part of a handful. 
 
 PUISSANCE DU 310 ULE INTERIEVR, 
 Plastic force. 
 
 PUKE, Emetic. 
 
 PUKEWEED, Lobelia inflata. 
 
 PUKING, Vomiting, Regurgitation. 
 
 PULEGIUM, Mentha pulegium^ — p. Cervinum, 
 Mentha cervina. 
 
 PULEX IRRI'TANS. The common flea, (F.) 
 Puce. A parasitic insect found on the bodies of 
 man and animals. 
 
 PuLEX Penetrans, Chiqve. 
 
 PULICARIA DYSENTERICA, Inula dysen- 
 terica. 
 
 PULICA'RIS, Pulicula'ris, from pulex, ' g, 
 gnat.' An epithet given to cutaneous eruptions 
 resembling gnat-bites; — and, also, to diseases in 
 which such eruptions occur. 
 
 Pulicaris Herba, Plantago psyllium. 
 
 PULLNA, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 Bohemian springs contain sulphates of soda and 
 magnesia, and chloride of magnesium. 
 
 PULMO, Pulmo'nes, by transposition of the 
 letter I from pleumon, TrXeviioiv ; Pneumon, Pleu- 
 mon, Spir amen' turn an'ima, Ergaste'rion spiir'itils, 
 FlabeU'um et ventila'brum cordis, the Lung. The 
 essential organ of respiration, which is double, 
 and occupies the two sides of the chest. The 
 lungs, which are of a spongy, soft, flexible, com- 
 pressible, and dilatable structure, fill exactly the 
 two cavities of the thorax, and are separated from 
 each other by the mediastinum and the heart. 
 The right lung, which is shorter and broader 
 than the left, is divided, by two oblique fissures, 
 into three unequal lobes, Lobi seu AJapidmo'num. 
 The left has only two lobes, and consequently 
 only one fissure. At the internal surface of those 
 organs, which is slightly concave, there is, about 
 the middle, a pedicle, formed by the bronchia and 
 pulmonary vessels, and called, by anatomists, the 
 root of the lungs, (F.) Racine des Poumons. Es- 
 sentially, the lungs are composed of prolongations 
 and ramifications of the bronchia, and of the pul- 
 monary arteries and veins, — the divisions of which 
 are supported by a fine, areolar tissue. 
 
 When the surface of the lungs is examined in a 
 clear light, we may see, even through the pleura, 
 that their parenchyma is formed by the aggrega- 
 tion of a multitude of small vesicles, of an irregu- 
 larly spheroid or ovoid shape, full of air, and 
 separated by white and opake septa. These ve- 
 sicles are called Air-cells, Spiramen'ta seu Spi- 
 ram'itia seu Cell'ulm Pulmo'num. Along the par- 
 titions or septa is deposited, in greater or less 
 quantity, black pulmonary matter, (F.) 3fa- 
 ti^re pulmonaire noire, as it has been called, 
 which seems to be natural. Sometimes it is seen 
 in points; at others, in spots. The colour of the 
 lungs varies according to age and other circum- 
 stances. In youth, it is more red; and after- 
 wards, grayish or bluish ; often, as if marbled. 
 The pleura pulmonalis is their investing mem- 
 brane. The air is carried to the lungs by means 
 of the trachea and bronchia. The black venous 
 blood, which requires oxygenation, is conveyed to 
 them from the heart, by the pulmonary artery; 
 and when it has undergone this change, it is 
 returned to the heart by the pulmonary veins. 
 The blood-vessels inservient to the nutrition of 
 the lungs are the bronchial arteries and veins. 
 The pulmonary lymphatics are very numerous. 
 Some are superficial ; others, deep-seated. They 
 pass, for the most part, into the bronchial gan- 
 glions or glands. The nerves are furnished by 
 the pulmonary plexus. 
 
 PUL3I0NAIRE DES FRANgAIS, Hiera- 
 cium murorum. 
 
 PULMONA'RIA, P. officina'lis, P. 3Iacu'laH„, 
 P. 3Iaculo' sa, Lungwort, Spotted Lungwort, Jeru'- 
 salem Cowslip, Jerusalem Sage, Spotted Comfrcy, 
 (F.) Sauge de Jerusalem. Family, Boraginese. 
 .S'ea;. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. The leavea 
 of this plant have been used as demulcents and 
 pectorals; partly from their resemblance to lungs, 
 
PULMONARY 
 
 726 
 
 PULSE 
 
 and, partly, because they have a slightly mu- ' 
 cilaginous taste. The plant is not worthy of no- 
 tice. 
 
 PuLMONAKiA, Pneumonia — p. Arborea, Lichen 
 pulmonarius — p. Gallica, Hieracium murorum — 
 p. Officinalis, Pulmonaria. 
 
 PUL'MONARY, Pulmona'ris, Puhnon a'lis. 
 That which relates or belongs to the lungs. A 
 name given to various parts. 
 
 PuLMONAiiY Artery, Arte'ria pulmona'ris, 
 Vena arterio'sa, arises from the upper and left 
 part of the right ventricle of the heart; whence 
 it passes obliquely upwards and to the left side; 
 dividing into two trunks, opposite the second 
 dorsal vertebra — one passing to each lung. At 
 its origin, it is furnished with three sigmoid or 
 semilunar valves. It carries the blood to the 
 lungs for aeration. 
 
 Pulmonary Matter, Black, see Pulmo. 
 
 Pulmonary Plexus, Plexus pulmona'ris. A 
 considerable nervous network, situate behind the 
 bronchia, which is formed by the filaments of the 
 pneumogastric nerve or par vagum, and by other 
 filaments from the inferior cervical ganglion and 
 the first thoracic ganglia. This plexus forms a 
 kind of areolar web, with numerous meshes of 
 different sizes, in which vessels are lodged, sur- 
 rounded by much areolar tissue. This plexus 
 sends filaments to the bronchia, which they ac- 
 company to their extremities. 
 
 Pulmonary Veins, VencB pnlmona'res, Arte'- 
 rioe veno'scB. These arise in the lungs from the 
 final terminations of the arteries of the same 
 name ; collect in ramusculi and rami of greater 
 and greater size, and ultimately unite in four 
 trunks; two of which issue from each lung to 
 open into the left auricle of the heart. The pul- 
 monary veins have the same structure as the 
 other veins of the body ; from which they differ, 
 in containing arterial blood, as the pulmonary 
 artery differs from the others in conveying venous 
 blood. They carry the blood back to the heart 
 
 PULMONES TARTARIZATI, Lithiasis pul- 
 monum. 
 
 PULMONIA, Phthisis pulmonalis. Pneumonia. 
 
 PULMON'IC, Pulmon'icus, Pneumon'ieus, Pul- 
 mona'rius, Pnenmon'ic. One affected with phthisis 
 — one labouring under diseases of the lungs. Any 
 thing relating or belonging to the lungs. A me- 
 dicine for the lungs. 
 
 PULP, Pulpa, Piilpa'men, Sarz. The soft and 
 parenchymatous parts of vegetables reduced to a 
 paste by the operation of pulping. 
 
 Pulp of the Tooth, Dental pulp. 
 
 PULPA CASSIA, see Cassia fistula— p. Den- 
 tis, Dental pulp — p. Pruni, see Pruni pulpa — p. 
 Prunorum sylvestrium condita, Conserva pruni 
 sylvestris — p. Tamarind!, see Tamarindi pulpa. 
 
 Pulpa Testis, Paren'chi/ma testis. The pa- 
 renchyma of the testis. 
 
 PULPAMEN, Pulp. 
 
 PULPE BENT AIRE, Dental pulp. 
 
 PULPEZIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 PULPING, Pulpa'tion, Pid'pa'tio. An opera- 
 tion — the object of which is to reduce certain 
 vegetable substances to a pulp. For this pur- 
 pose, they are bruised in a mortar, and then 
 passed through a hair sieve, by the aid of a 
 wooden spatula, called a Pulper, (F.) Pnlpoire. 
 
 PULPOIliE, see Pulping. 
 
 PULQUE, see Agave Americana. 
 
 PULS EX OVIS et LACTE, Oogala. 
 
 PULSATILLA NIGRICANS, Anemone pra- 
 tensis — p. Pratensis, Anemone pratensis — p. Vul- 
 garis, Anemone pulsatillai 
 
 PULSATILLE NOIRE, Anemone pratensis 
 — p. des Pres, Anemone pratensis. 
 
 PULSATIO, Pulsation— p. Cordis, Palpitation. 
 
 PULSA'TION, Pulsa'tio, Sphygmos, Sphyais, 
 Pede'sis, Pedeth'mos, (F.) Battement. The beat- 
 ing of the heart and arteries. Also, the beating 
 felt in an inflamed part. 
 
 PULSATIVUS, Throbbing. 
 
 PULSATORY, Throbbing. 
 
 PULSE, from 2}vlso, 'I beat;' Pvhns, Pulsa'- 
 tio, Pnlsus cordis et urteria'rum. Ictus cordis et 
 arteria'runi, Incur 'sus arteria'rum, Sphygmos, 
 Sphygma, Diasphyx'is, (F.) Poids. Beating of 
 the arteries, produced by the afiiux of the blood 
 propelled by the heart in its contractions. For 
 the sake of convenience, we choose the radial 
 artery at the wrist to detect the precise character 
 of the pulse. These characters relate to the 
 number of pulsations in a given time; to their 
 degrees of quickness ; hardness and strength ; to 
 the equality or inequality either of the pulsations 
 themselves or of their intervals ; to the develop- 
 ment or fulness of the artery, and to the different 
 impressions it may produce on the finger. 
 
 The following estimates have been made of the 
 pulse at various ages : 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Numher of Beats per minute, according to 
 
 Heberden. 
 
 In the embryo 
 
 At birth 
 
 One month ... 
 
 One year 
 
 Two years. .. . 
 Three years. .. 
 Seven years . . 
 Twelve years. 
 
 Puberty 
 
 Adult age 
 
 Old age 
 
 130 to 140 
 
 120 
 120 to 108 
 108 to 90 
 90 to 80 
 
 72 
 
 70 
 
 SOMMERINQ. 
 
 120 
 110 
 90 
 
 150 
 Do. 
 
 115 to 130 
 
 100 to 115 
 
 90 to 100 
 
 85 to 90 
 
 80 to 85 
 70 to 75 
 50 to G5 
 
 It does not appear that the pulse of the aged 
 is less frequent, but the contrary. In general it 
 is more frequent in females and in irritable per- 
 sons, than in males and those of an opposite tem- 
 perament. In the healthy state, the pulse, be- 
 sides having the proper number of pulsations, is 
 neither hard nor unusually soft ; it is moderately 
 developed ; of a medium strength ; and perfectly 
 equal, both as regards the pulsations and their 
 intervals In diseases it wanders, more or less, 
 
 from these physiological conditions. The diffe- 
 rent characters of the pulse that have been re- 
 corded, are remarkably numerous. In a diction- 
 ary, it is necessary to detail them, although many 
 of them are not now regarded, and some are ri- 
 diculous. 
 
 Pulse, Ardent, Pulsus ardens, (F.) Povh ar- 
 dent, Pouls elere. One which seems to raise itself 
 to a point in order to strike the finger. 
 
 Pulse, Cap'kizant, Pidsus Capri' zans, P. i&r- 
 
PULSE 
 
 727 
 
 PULSE 
 
 eadts'sans, P. gazelV arts, P. fusa'lis, Goatleap 
 pulse, (F.) Pauls caprisant. One which seems to 
 leap, as it ■veere; an imperfect dilatation of the 
 artery being succeeded by a fuller and a stronger 
 one. 
 
 Pulse, Complex, (F.) Pauls combinS ou com- 
 pose, P. complique. A pulse which has the cha- 
 racter of several critical pulses united. 
 
 PoLSE, Contract'ed, (F.) Pauls serve, P. con- 
 centre. One whose pulsations are narrow, deep, 
 and slightly hard. 
 
 Pdlse, Convul'sive, Pulsus convulsi'vns, (F.) 
 Pauls canvulsif. That which is unequally fre- 
 quent or unequally hard ; in short, which resem- 
 bles the irregular pulsations of a muscular fibre 
 in a state of convulsion. 
 
 Pulse, Crit'ical, Pulsus crit'icus. A pulse 
 which, after having possessed the characters of 
 irritation, becomes free, open, soft, <fcc. 
 
 Pulse, Decurtate, Pulsus myurus: see, also, 
 Myurus. 
 
 Pulse, Deep, Pulsus profun'dus, (F.) Pauls 
 profond. One which cannot be felt without diffi- 
 culty, and without strong pressure by the finger. 
 
 Pulse, Defic"ient, Pulsus defi.c" iens, P. Flick- 
 ering, Pulsus an'nuens et circum'nuens, (F.) Pauls 
 defaillant, P. insensible. One which seems, every 
 Instant, about to cease. 
 
 Pulse, Depressed, Pulsus depressus, (F.) 
 Pauls deprime. That which is deep and weak. 
 
 Pulse, Devel'oped, (F.) Pauls developpe. 
 That which is broad, full, strong, and frequent. 
 
 Pulse, Dicrot'ic, Pulsus Bi'cratus, P. hi'cro- 
 tus, P. intestina'lis, P. bife'riens, P. mallea'ris, 
 P. interci'sus, (F.) P. dicrote, P. rebondissant, P. 
 redaubU. That in which the finger is struck 
 twice at each pulsation ; once lightly, the other 
 time more strongly. 
 
 Pulse, Equal, Pulsus csqiia'lis. That in 
 which the pulsations resemble each other, and 
 return at equal intervals. 
 
 Pulse, Febrile, Pidsus febri'lis. One very 
 frequent. 
 
 Pulse, Feeble, Weak, Pulsus deb'ilis, (F.) 
 Pauls faible. One which strikes the finger feebly. 
 
 Pulse, Fil'iform, P. thready. One which re- 
 sembles a thread slightly vibrating. 
 
 Pulse, Flickering, Pulse, deficient. 
 
 Pulse, Form'icant, Pulsus formi'cans, (F.) 
 Paula formicant. One which resembles, by being 
 small and scarcely perceptible, the motion of an 
 ant. 
 
 Pulse, Frequent, (F.) P. agite, P. pricipite. 
 One which strikes morfi frequently than usual in 
 a given time. 
 
 Pulse, Full, Ptdstis plenus, (F.) Pouls plein. 
 One which gives the notion of great repletion in 
 the vessel. 
 
 Pulse, Goat-leap, P. Caprizant. 
 
 Pulse, Gut'tural, Pidsus gntturn'lis, (F.) 
 Pouls guttural. A pulse which has been sup- 
 posed to indicate the termination of afi"ections 
 of the throat. 
 
 Pulse, Hard, Pulsus durus, (F.) Poids dur. 
 That in which the pulp of the finger seems to 
 yield to the pulsation. 
 
 Pulse, Hectic, Pulsus hec'ticus. The weak, 
 frequent pulse observed in hectic fever. 
 
 Pulse, Hemorrhoid'al, (F.) Poids des He- 
 morrhoides. A critical pulse, announcing the 
 appearance of the hemorrhoidal flux. It is de- 
 seriljed as unequal; — the pulsations not being 
 alike in force, and still less the intervals. 
 
 Pulse, Hepat'ic, (F.) Pauls du Foie. A pulse 
 imagined- to indicate aiiections of the liver. It is 
 not worthy of description. 
 
 Pulse, Inferior, (F.) Pauls inferieur, P. ab- 
 daminal, P. ventral. One supposed to announce 
 evacuations below the diaphragm. 
 
 Pulse, Intercur'rent, Ptdsua intercur'rent 
 seu inter' cidens. One in which a superfluous 
 pulsation seems to occur from time to time. 
 
 Pulse, Intermittent, (F. ) Pauls iniercadcnt. 
 One in which the pulsations fail from time to 
 time. 
 
 Pulse, Intes'tinal, (F.) Pauls des ir.teativs, 
 P. de la diarrhee. A critical pulse, presumed to 
 announce an evacuation by the intestines. 
 
 Pulse, In'tricATE, Pulsus intrica'tns, (F.) 
 Pouls enibarrassee. That which is but little de- 
 veloped and unequally slow. 
 
 Pulse, Irreg'ular, Pulsus anarma'Us. Ono 
 whose pulsations are unequal, and return at un- 
 equal intervals. 
 
 Pulse of Irrita'tion, Pulsus ab irritatio'ne 
 seu nervi'nus seu acrit'icus. One which is fre- 
 quent, hard, and contracted. 
 
 Pulse, Jarring, P. vibrating — p. Jerking, 
 Pulse, sharp. 
 
 Pulse, Languid, (F.) Pauls languissant. A 
 slow and feeble pulse. 
 
 Pulse, Large, Pulsus crassus, P.magnus, (F.) 
 Paids grand, P. large. That which is large and 
 full. 
 
 Pulse, Long. One which strikes the finger to 
 a great extent in length. 
 
 Pulse, Low, Pulsus hu'milis, (F.) Poids bas. 
 One in which the pulsations are scarcely percep- 
 tible. 
 
 Pulse, Nasal, (F.) Paids nasaJ, P. cajntal, 
 P. du Nez. One supposed to announce the end 
 of an irritation in the nasal fossaj. 
 
 Pulse, Nat'ural, (F.) Pouls naturel des 
 adultes, P. par/ait, P. des adultes, P. madere. 
 One that is equal and regular in strength and 
 frequency ; compressible, and devoid of hardness. 
 
 Pulse, Organic, (F.) Paids arganique. One 
 which indicates the afi'ected organ, or the organ 
 bj' which an evacuation will take place. 
 
 Pulse, Pec'toral, (F.) Paids de I' cxp)ectora- 
 tion. A critical pulse, announcing the termina- 
 tion of some pulmonary irritation. 
 
 Pulse, Quick. One which strikes sharply, 
 but not forcibly, against the finger. 
 
 Pulse, Reg'ular, Pulsus norma'lis aut regu- 
 la'ris. One whose pulsations are equal, and suc- 
 ceed each other at equal intervals. 
 
 Pulse, Resist'ing, (F.) Pauls resistant. One 
 a little tense, a little hard. 
 
 Pulse, Sharp, (F.) Pouls prompt, P. rite, P. 
 vif. One which strikes the finger sharply, ra- 
 pidly. When to a greater extent, it is called a 
 jerking pulse. 
 
 Pulse, Sharp-tailed, Pulsus myurus : see 
 Myurus. 
 
 Pulse, Simple, Pulsus simplex. A critical 
 pulse, indicating an evacuation by one organ 
 only. 
 
 Pulse, Slow, Pulsus tardus, P. i-arus, (F.) 
 Pouls leiH, P. tardif, P. rare. One which strikes 
 the finger slowly. 
 
 Pulse, QkajAj, Pidsus parvus, (F.) Pauls petit. 
 One whose pulsations are slender and weak. 
 
 Pulse, Soft, Pulsus mollis, (F.) Pouls mou. 
 One which yields under the finger. 
 
 Pulse, Stom'achal, (F.) Pauls stamaeal, P. 
 de I'estamac. One supposed to announce an eva- 
 cuation by the stomach. 
 
 Pulse, Strong, Pulsus fortis, (F.) Pauls fort, 
 P. vehement. One which strikes the finger 
 strongly. 
 
 Pulse, Supe'rior, Pulsus Superior, (F.) Poxdt 
 superieur. A critical pulse, supervening on irri- 
 tation of organs situate above the diaphragm. 
 
 Pulse, Supple, Pulsus elas'ticus, (F.) PouU 
 soiijile. One in which the pulsations have strength 
 without hardness. 
 
 Pulse of Sweat, Pidsus Sudara'lis, (F.) Pout* 
 
PULSELESS ' 
 
 728 
 
 PULVIS 
 
 Sudoral, P. de la siteur, A critical pulse, indi- 
 cating an approacliing perspiration. 
 
 Pulse, Tense, P. Cordy, Pulsus temua, (P.) 
 PohIs tendu, P. roide. One in which the artery 
 resembles a cord fix>d at its two extremities. 
 When resembling a wire, it is called wiri/. 
 
 Pdlse, Thready, P. filiform. 
 
 Pulse, Trem'ulous, Pulsus trem'idus, (F.) 
 Fouls tremhlant, P. palpitant. One in which 
 each pulsation oscillates. 
 
 Pulse, Un'dulating, Pulsus fluctuo'sus, P. 
 fiuena, P. in'cidens Sola'ni, (F.) Pauls ondulant, 
 P. ondoyant. One which resembles, in its move- 
 ments, those of the waves. 
 
 Pulse, Une'qual, Pidsus inaqua'lis, (F.) 
 Pouls inegal. One whose pulsations are not 
 alike, or return at unequal intervals. 
 
 Pulse, U'hinal, Pulsus urina'lis, (F.) Poula 
 del' Urine. A critical pulse, fancied to denote 
 an approaching evacuation of urine. 
 
 Pulse, U'teeine, Pidsus uteri' nus, (F.) Pouls 
 Uterine, P. de la Matrice, P. des Regies. One 
 which indicates the flow of the menses, or the 
 occurrence of metrorrhagia. 
 
 Pulse, Venous, Pulsus venarum. 
 
 Pulse, Vbrmic'ular. That which imitates 
 the movement of a worm. 
 
 Pulse, Vi'brating, Jarring Pulse. One in 
 which the artery seems to vibrate like a musical 
 string. 
 
 Pulse, "Wirt, see Pulse, tense. 
 
 PULSELESS, Asphyc'toe, Devoid of pulsation. 
 
 PULSELESSNESS, Asphyxia. 
 
 PULSIF'IC, Pulsif'icus; from pulsus, 'pulse.' 
 That which causes or excites pulsation. 
 
 PULSILE'GIUM, Pulsilo'gium, Pulsim'eter, 
 from pidsus, ' the pulse,' and lego, ' I tell.' 
 Sphygmom' eter, Sphygmoscop'ium. Any instru- 
 ment for measuring the quickness or force of the 
 pulse. 
 
 PULSIM ANTI'A ; from pulsus and fiavTtia, 
 ' divination.' The art of predicting or prognosti- 
 cating by the pulse. 
 
 PULSIMETER, Pulsilegium. 
 
 PULSUS, Pulse— p. Acriticus, Pulse of irrita- 
 tion — p. Squalls, Pulse, equal — p. Annuens et 
 circumnuens. Pulse, deficient — p. Anormalis, 
 Pulse, irregular — p. Bicrotus, Pulse, dicrotic — p. 
 Eiferiens, P. dicrotus — p. Caprizans, Pulse, ca- 
 prizant — p. Crassus, Pulse, large — p. Debilis, 
 Pulse, feeble — p. Deficiens, Pulse, deficient — p. 
 Dicrotus, Pulse, dicrotic — p. Dorcadissans, Pulse, 
 caprizant — p. Durus, Pulse, hard — p. Elasticus, 
 Pulse, supple — p. Fluctuosus, Pulse, undulating — 
 p. Fluens, Pulse, undulating — p. Formicans, For- 
 laicant, and Pulse, formicant — p. Fortis, Pulse, 
 strong — p. Fusalis, Pulse, caprizant — p. Gazel- 
 lans. Pulse, caprizant — p. Heterochronicus, see 
 lleteroehronicus — p. Humilis, Pulse, Low — p. In- 
 cidens Solani, Pulse, undulating — p. Intercidens, 
 Pulse, intercurrent— p. Mallearis, Pulse, dicrotic 
 — p. Intercisus, Pulse, dicrotic — p. Intercurrens, 
 Pulse, intercurrent — p. Intestinalis, Pulse, dicro- 
 tic — p. Intricatus, Pulse, intricate — p. Magnus, 
 Pulse, large — p. Mollis, Pulse, soft. 
 
 Pulsus Myu'rus, Pulse, decurtnte; P. aharp- 
 tailed, (F.) Poxds myure. One which goes on 
 diminishing. See Myurus. 
 
 Pulsus Nertinus, Pulse of irritation — p. Nor- 
 malis. Pulse, regular — p. Parvus, Pulse, small — 
 ].i. Plenus, Pulse, full — p. Rarus, Pulse, slow. 
 
 Pul'suS Serri'nus, (F.) Pauls serrin, P. ser- 
 ratile. One which strikes, sometimes strongly, 
 ut others feebly, and recalls the idea of a saw. 
 
 Pulsus Striatus, (F.) Pauls etroit. One that 
 l»rrikes the finger to a small extent in breadth. 
 Pui^sus SuPCRALis, Pulse of sweat — p. Tardus, 
 
 Pulse, slow — p. Urinalis, Pulse, urinal — p. Ut<s 
 
 rinus. Pulse, uterine. 
 
 Pulsus Vac'uus, (F.) Poxds vide. One which 
 gives the idea of emptiness of the artery. 
 
 Pulsus VENA'RUJf, Venous Pulse, Plilehopa'lia. 
 
 A pulsation occasionally noticed in the jugular 
 veins. It is owing to some of the blood of the 
 right ventricle reflowing into the right auricle, 
 and communicating an impulse to the venous 
 blood arriving in the auricle through the descend- 
 ing cava. It is often a sign of impediment to the 
 flow of blood along the pulmonary artery. 
 
 PULTATIO, Atheroma. 
 
 PULTICE, Cataplasm. 
 
 PULTICULA, Bouillie. 
 
 PULVERES EFFERVESCENTES, Powders, 
 soda. 
 
 PULVERI'ZABLE, Pul'verable. Capable of 
 being reduced to powder. 
 
 PULVERIZA'TION, Pulverisa'tio, Pulvera'^ 
 tio, (F.) Pulverisation, frova pidvis, 'dust;' Coni- 
 osto'sis. The operation of dividing substances, 
 so as to reduce them to powder. 
 
 Most drugs are reduced to powder by persons 
 who make it a special business, and who are 
 called drug-grinders. This is done on a large 
 scale in drug mills ; and the implements used are 
 the grinding mill and the stamping mill. In the 
 shop of the apothecary, pulverization is effected 
 by the pestle and mortar, and the sieve. 
 
 Where substances require the addition of other 
 bodies to facilitate their reduction to powder,^ 
 as where camphor needs a few drops of alcohol — 
 the process is caWeA pidverization by mediation. 
 
 PULVILLUS, Pad, Bourdonnet — p. e Lina- 
 mentis confectus, Bourdonnet — p. Rotundus, 
 ]iourdo?inet, 
 
 PULVI'NAR, Pulvina'rium. A pillow. 
 
 PuLviNAR HuMULi, see Humulus lupulus. 
 
 PuLViNAR Medica'tum scu Medicisa'le, Sac'- 
 eidus medicina' lis. A medicated pillow ; as of 
 hops. 
 
 PuLviNAR Partujt, Pad — p. Ventriculi, Pan- 
 
 PULVINULUS, Pad. 
 
 PULVIS, Conis, (F.) Poudre. A substance, 
 reduced into small particles by pulverization. 
 Simple powders are those of a single substance ; 
 compound, those which result from a mixture of 
 several different powders. An impalpable poicder 
 is one which is so fine that it can scarcely be felt 
 under the finger. A compound powder was, 
 formerly, called Spe'cies, (F.) Espece. 
 
 PuLvis Absorbens, p. de magnesia compos. — 
 p. Adspersorius, Catapasma — p. Alexiterius, P. 
 contrayervse comp. — p. Alexiterius, P. ipecacu- 
 anhas eompositus — p. Algarothi, Algaroth. 
 
 PuLVis Aloes Compos'itus, Compound poicder 
 of Aloes, Pxdvis Aloes cxim Guai'aeo, P. aloet'icus 
 cxim Guaiaco. (Aloes spieat. ext. ^i&s, guaiac. 
 gum. res. ^j, pxdv. cinnam. comp. ^ss. Rub the 
 aloes and guaiacum separately, then mix the 
 whole. Ph. L.) Cathartic, stomachic, and sudo- 
 rific. Dose, gr. x to ^j- 
 
 PuLvis Aloes cum Canel'la, PidHs aloes et 
 canellcB, (Ph. U. S.,) Potrder of Aloes icith Canella, 
 Species Hi'era pierce, Hicra picra, Pulvis Aloet'- 
 icus. (Aloes Ibj. canell. ^iij. Rub separately 
 into a powder, and mix. Ph. U. S.) A warm 
 cathartic. Dose, gr. x. to Qj. 
 
 Pulvis Aloes cdm Guaiaco, P. A. eomposi- 
 tus — p. Aloeticus, P. aloes cum canella — p. Alo- 
 eticus, Hiera picra — p. Aluminosus, P. sulphatis 
 aluminas eompositus — p. Aluminis eompositus, P. 
 sulphatis aluminsB eompositus — p. Aluminis kino- 
 satus, see P. sulphatis alumina; eompositus. 
 
 Pulvis de Ama'ris Compos'itus, Pulvis anti- 
 arthrit'icus ama'rus, (F.) Poudre aniiarthritiqut 
 
PULVIS 
 
 729 
 
 PtJLVIS 
 
 ani^re. (Bad, gentian., aristolocTi. rotund., aa p. 
 3, Jlor. centaur, min. p. 4, fol. ehamcBdr., chamcB- 
 plth. manipul. — f. pulvis, Ph. P.) In gouty af- 
 fections, dyspepsia, <&c. Dose, gr. xx. 
 
 Pulvis Angelicus, Algaroth — p. Anodynus, 
 P. ipecacuanha comp. — p. Antiacidus, P. cretse 
 eompositus — p. Antiacidus, P. de magnesia 
 lompos. — p. Antiarthriticus aniarus, P. de ama- 
 ris compositus — p. Antiarthriticus purgans, P. de 
 eennS,, scammonea et lignis — p. Autiasthmaticus, 
 P. de sulphure et scilla. 
 
 Pulvis Antilys'sus, Head's Powder against 
 the bite of a mad dog. It consisted of ash-coloured 
 I'verworf in powder, with an equal quantity of 
 hlack fcpper ; a drachm and a half of the two 
 forming a dose for an adult. 
 
 Pulvis Antimonialis, Antimonial powder. 
 
 Pulvis de Arc Compos'itus, Compound Pow- 
 der of Arum, (F.) Poudre de Birchmann, {Pad. 
 ari, acori veri, pimpinell. saxifrag. aa 40 p. ocul. 
 cancror. ppt. 12 p., cinnam. 1 p., potassa sulph. 
 6 p., ammonicB muriat. 2 p. — f. pulv. Ph. P.) 
 Sternutatory. 
 
 Pulvis Aromaticus, P. einnamomi compositus. 
 
 Pulvis As 'ari Compos'itus, P. stemutato'- 
 rius, P. errhi'nus, P. capita'lia Sancti An'geli, P. 
 cephal'iciis, Cephalic snuff ; Compound powder of 
 Asarahac' ea, (F.) Poudre d'asarum comp)osee dite 
 etemutatoire, P. de Saint-Ange. [Folior. asar. 
 Europ. p. tres., ybZ. origan, majorana, flor. lavand. 
 ajnc, sing. p. 1. Rub into powder. Ph. L.) Ster- 
 nutatory. 
 
 Pulvis Auri, see Gold — p. e. Bolo compositus 
 cum opio, P. cretae compositus cum opio — p. e. 
 Bolo compositus sine opio, see P. cretse composi- 
 tus — p. Carabogiaj compositus, P. e. gummi gutta 
 — p. Capitalis Sancti Angeli, Pulvis asari compo- 
 situs — p. Carbonatis calcis compositus, P. cretse 
 compositus — p. Cardiacus, P. contrayerva comp. 
 — p. Carthusianorum, Antimonii sulphuretum ru- 
 brum — p. Cathartieus, P. scammonete comp. — p. 
 Cephalicus, P. asari compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Cinnamo'mi Compos'itus, Compound 
 Powder of Cin'namon, Pidvis seu Spe'cies Impe- 
 rato'ris, P. vitcB Imperato'ris, P. Diaro'maton, 
 Species diacinnamo'mi, S. latifican'tes Rhazis, 
 Tra'gea aromat'ica, Species Diam'brcB sine odo- 
 ra'tis, Species aromat'iccB, Pulvis aromaticus (Ph. 
 U. S.), Aromatic powder, (F.) Poudre de canelle 
 composee ou aromatique. (Cinnam., zingib. aa 
 ^^ij, cardam., myrist. aa ^j. Rub to a fine powder. 
 Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and carminative. Dose, 
 gr. X to 9j. 
 
 Pulvis Cobbii seu Tunquinen'sis. The fa- 
 mous Tonquin powder, introduced into England 
 by a Jlr. Cobb. It was composed of 16 grains 
 of musk, and 48 grains of cinnabar; and was 
 mixed in a gill of arrack. It was formerly re- 
 garded as a specific in hydrophobia. 
 
 Pulvis Comitis Warwicensis, P. Cornachini 
 — p. Comitissse, Cinchona, 
 
 Pulvis Comtrayer'v^ Compos'itus, Lapis 
 ccntrayervcs, Contrayerva balls. Compound Powder 
 of Gontrayer'va, Pidvis cardi'acus, P. alexite'rius, 
 P. Mantua'nus. (Contrayerv. rad. eontrit. ^v, 
 test. prap. Ibiss. Mix. Ph. L.) Stimulant and 
 sudorific. Dose, gr. xv to ^ss. 
 
 Pulvis Cornachi'ni, Biaceltates'son Paraeelsi, 
 Earl of Warioick's Powder, Pulvis Ox'ydi Stib'ii 
 compos'itus, Pidvis Com'itis Warwicen'sis, Pulvis 
 de Tribus, Cer'berus Triceps, Pulvis Scammo'nii 
 antimonia'lis,(¥.) Poudre Cornachine. [Scammon. 
 Alep., potass, supertart., antim. diaph. aa p. se. f. 
 pulvis. Ph. P.) Cathartic. Used chiefly in cu- 
 taneous diseases. Dose, ^ss to ^j. 
 
 Pulvis Corxu Usti Cum O'pio, Pulvis opia'tus. 
 Powder of Burnt Hartshorn with opium, (F.) 
 Poudre de come brulee avec I' opium. ( Opii duri 
 
 cont. 5J, corn. ust. pra-p. §j, cocco\ . cont. ^j- 
 Mix. Ph. L.) Ten grains contain one of opium. 
 Anodyne. 
 
 Pulvis Cretaceus, P. cretaa eompositus. 
 
 Pulvis Cret.b Compos'itus, P. Carbona'tit 
 Calcis compositus. Compound Powder of chalk, P. 
 creta'ceus, Spje'cies e Scordio sine ojiio, Biascor' - 
 dium, Pulris antac"idus, P. terres'tris, Species 
 Diacre'ta, (with Bole Armeniac in place of chalk 
 
 — the Pidvis e Bolo compositus sine opio,) (F.) 
 Poudre de crate comp)osee. [CretcE ppt. Ibss, cni- 
 na7n. eort, ^iv, tormentill. rad., acacicB gum., sing 
 '^i\},2n2}.long.fruct.'^\\. Reduce separately to 
 a fine powder, and mix. Ph. L.) Antacid, sto- 
 machic, absorbent. Dose, gr. xx to ^ij. 
 
 Pulvis Cret^ Compos'itus cum O'pio, Com^ 
 pound Powder of Chalk with opium, Pulvis e 
 Gretd compositus cum opio (with Bole Armeniae 
 instead of chalk — Pidvis e Bolo compositus cum 
 opio,) Species e Scordio cum 02)io, (F.) Poudre de 
 craie comjyosee avec Vopiurn. {Pulv. cref. c. ^vjss, 
 opii duri cont. ^iv. Mix. Ph. L.) Contains one 
 grain of opium in 40. Anodyne and absorbent. 
 Dose, 9j to 9ij. 
 
 Pulvis Diaphoreticus, P. ipecacuanhEE comp. 
 — p. Diapnoicus, P. ipecacuanhas comp. — p. Dia- 
 romaton, P. einnamomi compositus — p. Diasensc 
 P. sennee compos. — p. Diaturpethi compositus, P. 
 jalapse compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Ducis Portlan'di^, Buke of Port- 
 land's Gout Powder. {Rad. aristoloch., gentiancB, 
 summit, chamcedr., centaur, min. aa p. se.) Dose^ 
 3ss to 5J. 
 
 Pulvis Emmenagogus, P. myrrhse compositus 
 
 — p. Epilepticus Marchionum, P. de magnesia 
 compositus — p. Errhinus, P. asari compositus — 
 p. Galactopceus, P. de magnesia compos. 
 
 Pulvis e Gummi Gutta, P. Cambo'gice compo- 
 situs, P. hydrago'gus. Gamboge Powder, (F.) Pou- 
 dre hydragogue ou de gomme gutte, P. de Querce- 
 ta'nus. {Rad. jalap. 24 p., rad. mechoacan. 12 
 p., cinnam., rhei. aa 8 p., gum. cambog. 3. p., f<>'. 
 soldanellce sice. 6 p., semin. anisi 12 p., fiat pulvis. 
 Ph. P.) A drastic cathartic. In anasarca and 
 in worms. Dose, gr. xv to xxx. 
 
 Pulvis Gummo'sus Alkali'nus, Sapo vegeta'- 
 bilis, (F.) Poudre de savon vegetal. {Guaiac. 
 pulv. 32. p., potass, carb. 4 p. Make into a 
 powder. Ph. P.) Antacid. 
 
 Pulvis ex Helminthocort'o Compos'itus, P. 
 vermif'ugus absque mercu'rio, (F.) Poudre vermi- 
 fuge sans mercure, {Fuc. helminthocort., sem. 
 contra., siimmiiat. absinth., tanaceii, fol. scordii, 
 senncB, rhei. aa p. SB, fiat pulvis. Ph. P.) Dose, 
 
 Bj to 3J- 
 
 Pulvis Htdragogus, P. e gummi gutta — p. 
 Hydrargyri cinereus, see Hydrargyri oxydum 
 cinereum — p. Hypnoticus, Hydrargyri sulphu- 
 retum nigrum — p. Imperatoris, P. einnamomi 
 compositus — p. Incisivus, P. de sulphure et scill^ 
 — p. Pro infantibus, P. de magnesia compos. — p. 
 Infantum, P. de magnesia, compos. — p. Infantum 
 antacidus, P. de magnesia compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Ipecacuan'h^ Compos'itus, P. alexi- 
 te'rius, P. anod'ynus, P. diajyhoret' icus, P. diup- 
 no'icus, P. sudorif'icus Bove'ri, Compound powder 
 of Ipecacuanha, P. IpecacuanhoB ct Opii (Ph. U. 
 S.), Bover's Powder, (F.) Poudre de Bover ou 
 d'ipecacuanha et d'opium, P. de Boicer. {Tpeca~ 
 cuanh. pulv., opii pxdv., sing ^jj potasses sulphat, 
 §j. Mix.) Diaphoretic. Dose, gr. v to gr. xij. 
 
 Pulvis Ipecacuanha et Opii, P. ipecacuanhse 
 compos. 
 
 Pulvis Jalap'a Compos'itus, P. Biatmpe'thi 
 compositus, ComjMund powder of Jalap, PulvU 
 laxans, P. Purgans, P. Inxati'vvs vegetab'ilis, P. 
 laxans cum sale, P. Jalap' ce sali'nus, P. j. tartar - 
 icus, Spe'cies Biajaloiice, (F.) Poudre de jalofi 
 
PULVIS 
 
 730 
 
 PUXCTIO 
 
 compoaie. (Piilv. jalap. 5j, potass, hitart. §ij. 
 Mix.) Cathartic. Dose, yj to ^ij- 
 
 PuLVis Jalaps Salinus, P. jalapEe composi- 
 tus — p. Jalapas tartaricus, P. jalapag compositus 
 
 — p. de JalapS, et scammonio compositus, P. 
 ecammoneae comp. — p. Jamesii, Antimonial pow- 
 der — p. Jesuiticus, Cinchona — p. Joannis de Vigo, 
 Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 Pdlvis Kino Compos'itus, Compound Poioder 
 of kino, (F.) Poudre de kino composee. (Kino 
 3xv, cort. cinnam. ^iv, opii duri ^j. Rub each 
 to powder, and mix. Ph. L.) Astringent. Dose, 
 gr. V to xs. 
 
 PuLvis Laxans, p. jalapae compositus — p. 
 Laxans cum sale, P. jalapse compositus — p. Lax- 
 ativus vegetabilis, P. jalapa) compositus. 
 
 PuLvis DE Magne'sia Cosipos'itus, p. Galac- 
 tojxie'us, P. Nutri'.cum, P. Infan'tum, P. Infantum 
 antac"idus, P. pro Infan'tihua, P. antiac"idus, P. 
 ahsor'hens, P. epilep'ticiis Marchio'num, Compound 
 powder of Magne'sia, (P.) Poudre absorhante et 
 anti-acide. (Magnesia, sacchar. aa p. ae. Mix. 
 Ph. P.) 
 
 PuLvis Mantuantts, p. contrayervse comp. — 
 p. Marchionis, Marchionis Pulvis — p. Mercurialis 
 cinereus, Hydrargyri oxidum cinereum — p. ad 
 Mucum pulmonalem liberius ciendum, P. de sul- 
 phure et scilla. 
 
 PcLvis Myrrhje CoMPOs'iTns, P. e Myrrhd 
 compositus, Comp)ound Myrrh Powder, Pulvis ad 
 ul'cera tend' inum, P. Emmenago'gus, (F.) Poudre 
 Balsamique, [Myrrha, sabintB, rutcR, castor. Puss. 
 58- §j-) A stimulant, antispasmodic, and emme- 
 nagogue. Dose, gr. xv to xl. 
 
 Pulvis Nutricum, P. de magnesia compositus 
 
 — p. Opiatus, P. cornu usti cum opio — p. Oxydi 
 stibii compositus, P. cornachini — p. Parturiens, 
 Ergot — p. de Phosphate calcis et stibii composi- 
 tus, Antimonial powder — p. Principis, Hydrargyri 
 nitrico-oxydvim — p. Purgans, P. jalapas compo- 
 situs — p. Quercetanus, Hydrargyri submurias. 
 
 Pdlvis Quercus Mari'n^, Powder of Yellow 
 Bladder -Wrack. (The wrack in fruit, dried, 
 cleaned, exposed to a red heat in a crucible, with 
 a perforated lid, and then reduced to powder. 
 Ph. D.) Virtues dependent on iodine: used, con- 
 sequently, in bronchocele, &c. Dose, gr. x to xl. 
 See Fucus vesiculosus. 
 
 Pulvis Scammo'ne^ Compos'itus, Compound 
 Powder of Scammony, Pulvis e Scammonio com- 
 positus, Pulvis Scammonii, Pulvis de Jalapd et 
 Scammo'nio compositus dictus Cathar'ticus, (F. ) 
 Poudre cathartique ou Poudre de Scammonee com- 
 posee. (Scammon., ext. jalap, dur., sing., ^ij, 
 zingih. rad. ^ss. Rub separately to powder and 
 mix. Ph. L.) Cathartic. Dose, gr. viij to gr. xv. 
 
 Pulvis Scammo'nii cum Aloe, P. e Scammonio 
 cum Aloe, Scammony and Aloes Poioder. (Scam- 
 mon. ^vj, ext. jalap, dur., aloes Socotr. aa ^iss, 
 zing. 3SS.) Cathartic. Dose, gr. x to xv. 
 
 Pulvis Scammonii Antimonialis, P. corna- 
 chini. 
 
 Pulvis Senn^ Compos'itus, Compound poioder 
 of Senna, Pulvis e Send compositus, P. e Senna 
 compositus, Pulvis Diase'nm, (F.) Poudre de sene 
 composie. (Sennm folior., potass, supertart. sing. 
 ^\},scammon. §ss, rad. zingib. ^ij. Ph. L.) Ca- 
 thartic, hydragogue. Dose, ^j to ^j- 
 
 Pulvis de SennI, Scammo'nio et Lignis Com- 
 pos'itus dictus Antiarthrit'icus Purgans, (F.) 
 Poudre de Perard. (Gum Arab., potass, auper- 
 iart., fol. senna, china, aa 4 p., scammon., rad. 
 tarsapar., china, guaiae. lign. aa 2 p., fiat pulvis. 
 Ph. P.) Purgative. Used to obviate gout. Dose, 
 
 Pulvis Stanni, see Tin — p. Sternutatorius, P. 
 wari compositus — p. Stibiatus, Antimonial pow- 
 
 der — p. Stypticus, P. Sulphatis aluminae com- 
 positus — p. Sudorificus, P. ipecacuanha; comp.— 
 p. Sudorificus Doveri, P. Ipecacuanha; compo- 
 situs. 
 
 Pulvis Sdlpha'tis Alu'mix^ Compos'itus, 
 P. alumino'stis, P. nlu'minis kinosa'tus, Pulvis 
 styp'ticua, Pulvis aluminis compositus, Alu'men 
 kinosa'tnm. Compound Alum Powder, (F.) Poudre 
 styptique ou d'alun composee. (Sulphatia alumi- 
 na, p. iv, kino, p. 1. Ph. E.) Astringent. In 
 intestinal hemorrhage and diarrhoea. Dose,, gr. 
 X to XV. 
 
 Pulvis de Sul'phuee et Scilla, P. Anti- 
 asthmat'icus, P. Incisi'vus, P. ad mucum pulmo- 
 na'lem libe'rius cien'dum, (F.) Poudre incisive ou 
 anti-asthmatique. (Sacchar. alb. p. 3, sulphur, 
 lot. p. 2, scilla. siccat. p. j. Ph. P.) Dose, gr. 
 V to ^ss- 
 
 Pulvis de Sulpha'te Potas's^ CoMPOs'iTrs, 
 P.tem'perana Stah'lii, (IP.) Poudre temperante de 
 Stahl. (Potaaa. sulpih., P. nitrat. aa 9 p., hydrarg. 
 sidph. rubr. 2 p. Mix. Ph. P.) As an anti- 
 phlogistic, and in acidity of the first passages. 
 Dose, 9j to 9ij. 
 
 Pulvis e Sulphure'to Hydear'gyri Nigro 
 ET Scammo'nio, dictus Vermif'ugus Mercuria'- 
 LIS, (F.) Poudre vermifuge mercurielle. (Pule, 
 cornachin., hydrarg. sidphuret. nigr. recent. pra;p., 
 aa p. se. Mix. Ph. P.) Dose, ^j to ^ss. 
 
 Pulvis Sympatheticus, Sympathetic powder 
 — p. Temperans Stahlii, P. de sulphate potassse 
 compositus — p. Terrestris, P. cretse compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Tragacan'th^e Compos'itus, Sjieciea 
 Diatragacan'tha frig"ida, Pulvis e Trogacan'thd 
 compositus, Compiound Poioder of Tragacanth, 
 (F.) Poudre de gomrne adragant composee. ( Tra- 
 gacanth. contus., acacia gumvii cont., amyli, sing. 
 "^iss, sacch.purif.^n^. Ph. L.) Demulcent. In 
 coughs, Ac. Dose, '^ss to ^iij. 
 
 Pulvis de Tribus, P. cornachini — p. Tunqui- 
 nensis, P. Cobbii — p. ad Uleera tendinum, P. 
 myrrhse compositus — p. Vermifugus absque mer- 
 curio, Pulvis ex helminthocorto comp. — p. Ver- 
 mifugus mercurialis, P. e sulphureto hydrargyri 
 nigro et scammonio — p. Vitse Imperatoris, P. cin- 
 namomi compositus. 
 
 PUMEX, Lapis pu'micis. Pumice, (F.) Pierre 
 Ponce. This was formerly employed as a desic- 
 cative and dentifrice. 
 
 PUMICE, Pumex. 
 
 PUMILIO, Nanus. 
 
 PUMILUS, see Nanus. 
 
 PUMP, BREAST, Antlia lactea— p. Stomach, 
 Antlia gastriea. 
 
 PUNA, Veto, Soroecp, Soroche, Marco, (S.) 
 A sickness common in the elevated districts of 
 South America and elsewhere, which attacks 
 those unaccustomed to breathe the rarefied atmo- 
 sphere. It strongly resembles sea-sickness, with 
 a most acute and depressing throbbing in the 
 head. It does not often afiect the respiration 
 considerably. 
 
 PUN A I SB, Ciraex. 
 
 PUNAISIE, Ozana. 
 
 PUNCH, Rhi'zagra, from pungere, 'to prick.' 
 Repulso'rium, CF.) Pcpoussoir. A surgical instru- 
 ment used for extracting the stumps of teeth. 
 See Lever. 
 
 Also, an agreeable alcoholic drink, made of 
 spirit, wine, sugar, lemon-juice, and water. Milk 
 is sometimes substituted in part for the water : it 
 then forms Milk Punch. 
 
 PUNCTA OSSIFICATIONIS, Ossification, 
 points of. 
 
 PUNCTiE MUCOSA, see Acne. 
 
 PUNCTICULA, Petechia;. 
 
 PUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncture— p. Nervi, 
 Neuronygme. 
 
PUNCTUM 
 
 731 
 
 PURPURA 
 
 PUNCTUM, Stitch. 
 
 PuNCTUM Au'reum, Punc'tura aurea. Por- 
 merly, when an intestinal hernia was reduced by 
 an incision made through the integuments down 
 to the upper part of the spermatic vessels, a 
 golden wire was fixed and twisted, so as to pre- 
 vent the descent of any thing down the tunica 
 vaginalis. Hence the term. 
 
 PuNCTUM Sa'liens, P. sanguiu'eiim sa'Uens, 
 GloVulua sanguin'eus, Punctiis ruher sa'liens. 
 The first moving point which makes its appear- 
 ance after the fecundation of the germ. It has 
 been generally, but erroneously, applied to the 
 heart of the embryo. 
 
 PUNCTURA, Paracentesis — p. Aurea, Punc- 
 tum aureum. 
 
 PUNCTURE, Punctu'ra, Punc'tio, Cente'sis, 
 Pnracente'sia, Nyxis, from pungere, ' to prick ;' 
 Tresis Punctura, (F.) Piqure. A wound made 
 by a pointed instrument, as a sword, bayonet, 
 needle, thorn, &e. A puncture is, generally, of 
 trifling consequence ; but, sometimes, it becomes 
 important from the parts implicated, and the 
 after consequences. 
 
 PUNCT'URING. Same etymon. Compunc'- 
 tio, Paracente'sis, (F.) Ponction. The operation 
 of opening, by means of a trocar, lancet, <&c., any 
 natural or accidental cavity, with the view of 
 evacuating any fluid, eifused or accumulated 
 therein. Paracentesis is a sort of puncturing. 
 
 FUNCTUS RUBER SALIENS, Punctum 
 saliens. 
 
 PUNGENT, (F.) Pongitif. Pain is said to be 
 pungent, when it seems as if a pointed instrument 
 were forced into the suifering part. 
 
 PU'NICA GRANA'TUM. 1\xq Pomegranate, 
 lihoa, Rhoea, Grana'tum, 3Ialograna'tum, (F.) 
 Grenadier : Family, Myrtoidefe. Sex. Syst. Ico- 
 sandria Monogynia. The rind of the fruit, called 
 JIalicho'rium, Malacorium, or Malicorium ; and 
 the flowers — called Balaustine flotcers — are used 
 in medicine. They have been employed both in- 
 ternally and externally as astringents. The seeds 
 are called Coeco'nes, kokkwvcs. The portion, how- 
 ever, of the plant, that has attained most cele- 
 brity, is the bark of the root, Grana'ti Kadi'cis 
 Cortex, which appears to be very eflBcacious in 
 tasnia. It is given in decoction, {Granat. rad. 
 cort. ^ij; Aqum Oij, boiled to Oiss.) Dose, f^ij, 
 every half hour. Three or four doses are usually 
 suflacient to expel the worm. 
 
 The bark contains a peculiar matter called 
 Grenadin. 
 
 PUNK, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 PUOGENIA, Pyogenia. 
 
 PUPIL, Pnpiil'la, Pu'pida, Piipil'io, Vis'io, 
 Opsis, Core, Cora, Rhox, Fenes'tra seu Nigrum 
 seu Fora'men Oc'uli, Prunel'la, Lumen ; Glene, 
 Sight of the eye, (F.) Pupille, Prunelle. The 
 aperture of the iris, through which the rays of 
 light pass that have to impress the image of an 
 object on the retina. This aperture can be di- 
 lated or contracted so as to allow a greater or 
 smaller quantity of luminous rays to penetrate. 
 The pupil, in man, is round, and by it the ante- 
 rior and posterior chambers of the eye commu- 
 nicate with each other. In the foetus, during the 
 first six months of gestation, it is closed by the 
 pupillary membrane. 
 
 PoPiL, Closure of thr, Synezizis. 
 
 Pupil, Pinhole. A condition of the pupil in 
 typhus, in which it is so contracted as to resem- 
 ble a pinhole. It indicates a dangerous form of 
 brain affection. 
 
 PUPILLE VELUM, Pupillary membrane. 
 
 PUPILLARIS HERBA, Lapsana. 
 
 PU'PILLARY, Puinlla'ria. That which be- 
 longs to the pupil. 
 
 Pupillary Membrane, Memhrasna PiipiUa'' 
 ris, Pupil'lcB velum, Membra'na Wachendoijia'na, 
 The central aperture of the iris is closed, in the 
 foetus, during a certain period of gestation, by a 
 very thin membrane. It disappears in the seventh 
 month. 
 
 PUPPET ROOT, Veratrum viride. 
 
 PUPPIS OS, Frontal bone. 
 
 PUPULA, Pupil. 
 
 PU'PULiE, A'pices digito'rum. The pulps or 
 extremities of the fingers. 
 
 PURBLIND, Myopic. 
 
 PURBLINDNESS, Myopia. 
 
 PURGAMENT, Purgative. 
 
 PURGAMENTA, Excrement — p. Alba, Leu- 
 corrhoea — p. Infantis, Meconium — p. Puerperii, 
 Lochia — p. Uteri, Lochia. 
 
 PURGANS MEDICAMENTUM, Cathartic. 
 
 PURGATIO, Catharsis — p. Alvi, Catharsis— 
 p. Muliebris alba, Leucorrhoea — p. Puerperii, 
 Lochia. 
 
 PURGATION, Catharsis. 
 
 PURGATIONES, Menses — p. Menstruse, 
 Menses. 
 
 PURGATIONS, Menses. 
 
 PUR'GATIVE, Purgati'vus, Purgnns, Moch'- 
 lieiis, Catoret'icus, Catoter'icus, Cathar'tic, Pvr'- 
 gament, Purge, (F.) Purgatif, from purgare, 'to 
 cleanse. A medicine which operates more pow- 
 erfully on the bowels than a laxative, stimulating 
 the muscular coat, and exciting increased secre- 
 tion from the mucous coat. 
 
 PURGE, Purgative — p. Root, Euphorbia co- 
 rollata. 
 
 PURGING, Diarrhoea. 
 
 PURIF'ICANS, Puri/'inis, from purifcare, 
 * to make pure or clean.' Purifying: hence: — 
 
 PuRiFicANTiAj Medicincs that cleanse or pu- 
 rify the blood. 
 
 PURIFICUS, Purificans. 
 
 PU'RIFORM, Puriform'is; from _pHS, and /or- 
 ma. Having the appearance of pus. 
 
 PURL. A medicated malt liquor, in which 
 wormwood and aromatics are infused. 
 
 PURO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis. 
 
 PURO-MUCOUS, Puro-muco'sus, from pus, 
 puris, and mucus. Having the character or ap- 
 pearance of pus and mucus. 
 
 PURPLES, Purpura ha^morrhagica. 
 
 PUR'PURA, Por'phyra, 'a purple colour.' 
 This word has been employed in many senses. 
 It generally means, livid spots on the skin from 
 exti-avasated blood, with languor and loss of 
 muscular strength, pains in the limbs. — {F.) 
 Pourpre. 
 
 In Purpura SurPLEX, Porphyra simplex, Pe- 
 techia: sine fehre, Pelio'sis, Phwnig'miis Petechia' - 
 lis, Profu'sio suhcuta'nea, Pete'chial Scurvy, the 
 spots are numerous, but small and flea-bite- 
 shaped ; chiefly on the breast, arms, and legs ; 
 with paleness of countenance. At times', the af- 
 fection is accompanied by severe pains in the ex- 
 tremities, constituting Pelio'sis rheumat'ica. 
 
 In Purpura H^morrhag"ica, Porp)hyra hce- 
 morrhagica, Stomac'ace universalis, Hamorrhagia 
 universa'lis, Petechiano'sis, Morbus maculo'sus 
 hcBmorrhag" icus Werlhof'ii, Pelio'sis hcsmor- 
 rhag"ica, Scorbu'tus, Schorbu'tus, Ucemorrhce'a 
 petechia'lis, Hmmatospil'ia, Land Scurvy, Pur- 
 ples, (F.) Scorbut, S. de Terre, Maladie de Werl- 
 hof, Hemacelinose, Peliosi ^'emorrhagique — the 
 spots are circular, and of different sizes ; often in 
 stripes or patches, irregularly scattered over the 
 thighs, arms, and trunk; with occasional haemor- 
 rhage from the mouth, nostrils, or viscera, ind 
 great debility and depression of spirits. 
 
 In Purpura Nau'tica, Pnrphyra nautica, 
 Scorbu'tus, Pechytyrbe, Gingibra'ehium, Gingipe'» 
 
PURPURIC 
 
 732 
 
 PTCNANTHEMUM 
 
 dium, Scelotyr'he, Stomac'aee, Scorbu'fus nau'ti- 
 cus or Sea scurvy, (F.) Scorhut, there are spots of 
 different hues, intermixed with the livid, princi- 
 pally at the roots of the hair; the teeth are 
 loose ; the gums are spongy and bleeding ; the 
 breath is fetid, and the debility universal and ex- 
 treme. This odours chiefly at sea, after exposure 
 to a moist, cold, foul atmosphere; with long use 
 of one kind of food and of stagnant water. 
 
 All these varieties of purpura resemble each 
 other considerably. In the first two, however, 
 there seems, at times, to be some excitement, 
 which has led to the employment of purgatives, 
 and even of bleeding, with advantage. They 
 are dependent upon a peculiar diathesis, which 
 has been termed Scorhu'tic Cachex'ia, Lues Scor- 
 bu'tica, and Caeochi/m'ia Scorbu'tica. Generally 
 speaking, the use of the mineral acids will be in- 
 dicated ; and, in sea scurvy, vegetable acids must 
 be regarded as the best antiscorbutics. Nitre is, 
 also, a good antiscorbutic, and in cases of great 
 prostration it may be united with Peruvian bark 
 or turpentine. Tamarinds and cream of tartar, 
 made into drink, are also serviceable. But the 
 great remedy is change from low to cheerful spi- 
 rits ; from filth to cleanliness ; and from a cold 
 and damp, to a temperate and dry climate, with 
 change of food, and especially the use of green 
 vegetables. 
 
 The general principles of management are the 
 same in sea, as in land scurvy. 
 
 Purpura, Scarlatina — p. Alba benigna et ma- 
 ligna. Miliary fever — p. Maligna, Petechia — p. 
 Miliaris, Miliary fever — p. Puerperarum, Miliary 
 fever — p. Urticata, Urticaria. 
 
 PURPURIC URINE, see Porphyruria. 
 
 PURPURINE, see Porphyruria. 
 
 PURPURISSUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
 rubrum. 
 
 PURRING TREMOR, Fremissement eataire. 
 
 PURSE, Scrotum — p. Shepherd's, Thlaspi 
 bursa. 
 
 PUR'SINESS, DyspncB'a pinguedino'sa, (F.) 
 Pousse. Dyspnoea accompanied with oppressive 
 fatness. The word is, also, applied to dyspnoea 
 of every kind. One so affected is said to he pursy 
 or short-ioinded. 
 
 PURSLAIN, Portulaca — p. Milk, Euphorbia 
 corollata — p. Speedwell, Veronica peregrina — p. 
 Water, Veronica becCabunga. 
 
 PURSY, see Pursiness. 
 
 PURULENCE, Pus, Suppuration. 
 
 PURULENCY, Pus, Suppuration. 
 
 PU'RULENT, Purulen'tus, Em'pyos, Pyo'des, 
 Py'icus. That which has the character of pus or 
 consists of pus ; as purulent matter, a purulent 
 collection, &c. 
 
 PuruIjEnt Deposit, Pus. 
 
 PURULENTIA, Suppuration. 
 
 PURVAIN, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 PUS, Humor purulen'tus, Pyon, Pyono'ma, 
 Matter, Pu'rtdent depos'it, Ptt'ruleiice, Pu'rulency. 
 A secretion from inflamed textures, and especially 
 from the areolar membrane. It is, almost always, 
 of the same nature, whatever may be the part it 
 proceeds from. Pus of a good quality, — laudable 
 pus. Pus bomim seu laudab'ile seu nutriti' vum seu 
 verum, (F.) Pus louable, — is of a yellowish-white 
 colour, opake, inodorous, and of a creamy ap- 
 pearance. Heat, acids, and alcohol coagulate it. 
 When analyzed by Schwilgu6, it aff'orded albu- 
 men and water, a particular extractive substance, 
 and a small quantity of soda, phosphate of lime, 
 and other salts. Normal pus consists essentially 
 of two distinct parts, pus corpuscles or p)ua globules, 
 and a colourless, aqueous fluid, liquor puris, in 
 which the corpuscles are suspended. A variety 
 
 of the pus corpuscles is described by M. Lebert 
 under the name pyoid. 
 
 Pus BoNUM, see Pus — p. Corpuscles, see Pua 
 
 — p. Corrosivum, Sanies — p. Globules, see I'us 
 
 — p. Laudabile, see Pus — p. Louable, see Pus — 
 p. Malignum, Ichor — p. Malignum, Sanies — p. 
 Nutritivum, see Pus — p. Verum, see Pus. 
 
 PUSILLA'TUM, Pusula'tum, from pusillns, 
 ' small.' A coarse powder. 
 
 PUSILLUS, Nanus. 
 
 PUSTULA, Pustule — p. Ardens, Eczema— p. 
 Oris, Aphthae — p. Gangrtenosa, see Anthrax — p. 
 Livida Esthoniaj, see Anthrax. 
 
 PustuLjE Sicc^e, Lichen. 
 
 PUSTULAR, Pustulous, Piistula'ris, Pusttdo'- 
 sus. Of or belonging to pustules. Affected with 
 pustules. 
 
 PUSTULA'TION, Pustula'tio, from puntula, 
 ' a pustule.' The formation of pustules. 
 
 PUSTULE, Pus'tula, from pus. Ecpye'sis, 
 Ecthy'ma, Benaih, Bube, Eptanas'tasis. An ele- 
 vation of the cuticle, with an inflamed base, con- 
 taining pus. Willan and Bateman reckon four 
 varieties of pustules : Phlyza' cium, Psydra'cium, 
 Achor, and Favus. The variolous pustule is often 
 called, by the French, Grain; by us. Pock. 
 
 PUSTULE 3fALIGNE, see Anthrax. 
 
 PUSTULOUS, Pustular. 
 
 PUSULATUM, Pusillatum. 
 
 PUTIUM, Prepuce. 
 
 PUTREDO, Hospital Gangrene, Putrefaction. 
 
 VVTREFAC'TIO'N, PHtre/ac'tio,Putrescen'tia, 
 Sepsis, Sap'rotes, Putrid fermenta' tion, Putre- 
 factive fermentation, from piiiris, jnitre, 'rotten,' 
 and facere, ' to make.' A decomposition, expe- 
 rienced by animal substances, when deprived of 
 life, and placed under particular circumstances. 
 The presence of water is indispensable. The 
 temperature most favourable to it, is from 60° to 
 90° of Fahrenheit. The most common products 
 of putrefaction are, water, carbonic acid, acetic 
 acid, ammonia, carburetted hydrogen, and a semi- 
 putrid substance, which is volatilized, and has an 
 infected odour. It has been supposed that some- 
 thing like putrefaction may occur in the living 
 body, as in ease of putrid fever. To this condi- 
 tion, Piorry has given the name Typhohce'mia, 
 conceiving it to be owing to alteration of the 
 blood by putrid animal matters. Putrefaction 
 signifies the state of becoming putrid : whilst Pu- 
 tridity, Putre'do, Putrid'itas, Pu'tridness, (F.) 
 Pourriture, is the state of rottenness. 
 
 PUTRESCENT, Hyposaprus — p. Poison, see 
 Poison. 
 
 PUTRESCENTIA, Putrefaction — p. Uteri 
 gravidi, Hystero-malaeia. 
 
 PUTRID, Pu'tridus, Sapros, (F.) Putride, from 
 putrere, ' to rot.' An epithet for some aflTections, 
 in which the matters excreted and the transpira- 
 tion itself exhale a smell of putridity. It is par- 
 ticularly applied to typhus. 
 
 PUTRIDITAS, see Putrefaction. 
 
 PUTRIDITY, see Putrefaction. 
 
 PUTRILA'GO, Putror, (F.) Putrilage. Samo 
 etymon. The pultaceous matter or slough, which 
 forms in certain gangrenous and other ulcers, 
 and is thrown off. 
 
 PUTROR, Putrilage. 
 
 PUTZOCHILL, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 PYiE'MIA, Pyohaimia. 
 
 PYARTH'RUM, from nvov, 'pus,' and apBpov, 
 'joint.' A suppurated joint. 
 
 PYCNAN'THEMUM INCA'NUM, Common 
 Mountain Mint, Wild Basil. An indiijenous plant 
 of the mint/am)7y — Labiatue — which flowers in 
 August. It has the aromatic properties of the 
 mints. 
 
PTCNICMASTICA 
 
 '33 
 
 PYRAMID 
 
 Pi-CNAx'themum Linifo'lium, Virginia Thyme, 
 has like virtues. 
 PYCNICMASTICA, Incrassantia. 
 PYCNOSIS, Inspissatio. 
 PYCNOTICA, Incrassantia. 
 PYEC'CHYSIS, from tvov, 'pus,' and eKx^yi?, 
 ' effusion.' An effusion of pus. 
 
 PYELI'TIS, from TzveXog, ' pelvis,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the pelvis 
 and ealices of the kidney. 
 
 PYELOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
 PYELONEPHRI'TIS, from rrveXo?, 'pelvis,' 
 vsiipog, 'kidney,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the kidney, and of the pelvis and 
 ealices. 
 
 PYELOS, Pelvis. 
 PYEMESIS, Pyoemesis. 
 PYESIS, Suppuration. 
 PYETIA, Colostrum. 
 PYGE, Nates. 
 PYGM^US, Pygmy. 
 PYGME, Fist, Forearm. 
 P YGMEE, Pygmy. 
 
 PYGMY, Pigmy, Pypmce'iiH, (F.) Pygmee, from 
 KVYinn, 'the fist; as big as the fist.' A dwarf. 
 The Pygmsei wctc a fabulous nation of dwarfs in 
 the extreme pai>ts of India; or, according to 
 others, in Ethiopia. 
 
 PYGODID'YMUS, Did'ymus symphyoperina'- 
 vs, Pygop'agei, from 5n.'y»7, 'the nates,' and iiiv- 
 fiog, 'a twin.' A monstrosity, in which twins are 
 united by the sacrum and coccyx. 
 PYGOPAGES, Pygodidymus. 
 PYIGUS, Purulent. 
 PYLE, Porta. 
 
 PYLEMPHRAX'IS, from -v\v, 'porta,' 'a 
 gate,' and tjx<ppa^ii, ' obstruction.' Obstruction of 
 the vena portse. 
 
 PYLOR'IC, Pylor'iciw. Same etymon as py- 
 lorus. That which relates to the pylorus. An 
 epithet given to different parts. 
 
 Pyloric Artery, Arte'ria Corona'ria dextra, 
 (F.) Petite artere gastrique droite, arises from the 
 hepatic, and is distributed to the pylorus and to 
 the lesser curvature of the stomach, anastomosing, 
 particularly, with the A. coronaria ventriculi and 
 A. gastro-epiploica dextra. 
 
 Pyloric Vein follows the same distribution as 
 the artery. 
 
 PYLO'RUS, Jan'itor, Porfona'rium, from ttoXj?, 
 'a gate,' und ovpog, 'a guardian.' Os'fium ven- 
 tric'uli duodena'le seu pylor'icum seu dextrum seu 
 infe'rius, Orific"iiim dextrum seu inferius seu 
 Egres'aus seu Osinfe'riua ?.&\\.An'nidus senSpJiinc- 
 ter ventri' culi, Ostia'riui!, Hostin'rius, (F.) Pylore. 
 The lower or right orifice of the stomach — Orifice 
 intestinal (Ch.) — is called Pylorus, because it 
 closes the entrance into the intestinal canal, and 
 is furnished with a circular, flattened, fibro-mu- 
 cous ring, which occasions the total closure of 
 the stomach during digestion in that organ. This 
 ring has been called the Vahe of the Pylorus, 
 Sphincter Pylo'ri, Pylo'rus propria sic dictus, (F.) 
 Valvide du pylore. It is a fold of the mucous 
 and muscular membranes of the stomach ; and 
 is the Pyloric muscle of some authors. 
 PYOBLEiSrXICUS, Mucopurulent. 
 PYOBLENNORRHCE'A, from ruor, 'pus,' 
 0'\zvva, ' mucus,' and /)£M, ' I flow.' A discharge 
 of puriform mucus. 
 
 PYOCENO'SIS, from wov, 'pus,' and kivwcl^, 
 'evacuation.' Evacuation of pus. 
 
 PYOCHEZ'IA, Diarrhoe'a purnlen'ta, from 
 trvov, ' pus,' and ;^£^c<), ' I go to stool.' Discharge 
 of pus by stool. Purulent diarrhcea. 
 
 PYOCCE'LIA, Asci'tee purulen'tua, from -nvov, 
 
 'pus, and KotAio, ' the belly.' Pus ^n the abdo- 
 minal cavity. 
 
 PYOCYSTIS, Vomica. 
 PYODES, Purulent. 
 
 PYCEDE'MA, from tvov, 'pus,' and oiSviia, 
 'swelling.' Tumefaction of the surface owing 
 to effusion of pus. 
 
 PYOEM'ESIS, Pyem'esis, Ynm'itus pxirulentua, 
 from n-uov, 'pus,' and eixtcts, 'the act of vomiting.' 
 Vomiting of pus. 
 
 PYOGENESIS, Pyogenia. 
 
 PYOGEN'IA, Puogen'ia, Pyogen'esis, Pyopoe'- 
 sis, from ttvov, 'pus,' and yivcirtg, 'generation.' 
 Generation of pus. The theory or mechanism of 
 the formation of pus. Some have believed that 
 pus is formed by the arterial system, and is de- 
 posited, by way of excretion, in the inflamed 
 parts ; others, that it is formed by the destruction 
 of solid parts. These opinions are, however, in- 
 admissible ; and pus is now regarded as mainly 
 the product of a particular secretion in the dis- 
 eased part. 
 
 ProGENiA CoRROSiTA, Ulceration — p. Simplex, 
 Suppuration. 
 
 PYOGEN'IC, Pyogen'icvs. Same etymon. 
 Having relation to the formation of pus. 
 
 PYOHJi'MIA, Pya'mia, from ttvov, ' pus,' and 
 'aifia, ' blood.' Alteration of the blood by pus. 
 
 PYOID CORPUSCLES or GLOBULES, see 
 Pus. 
 
 PYOME'TR A, P. pnrulen'ta, from ttvov, ' pus,' 
 and pivrpa, ' womb.' A collection of pus in tha 
 uterus. 
 
 Pyometra Purtjlenta, Pyometra. 
 PYON, Pus. 
 
 PYONEPERITE, see Nephritis. 
 PYONOMA, Pus. 
 PYOOTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea. 
 PYOPERICAR'DIA, Pyopericar'divm, from 
 TTVOV, ' pus,' TTtpi, ' about,' and Kapiia, ' the heart.' 
 A collection of pus in the pericardium. 
 
 PYOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon — p. Neonato- 
 rum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infantum). 
 PYOPLEURITE, Empyema. 
 PYOPOESIS, Pyogenia. 
 
 PYOP'TYSIS, from ttvov, 'pus,' and rrrvu, 'I 
 spit.' Spitting of pus. 
 
 PYORRHAG"IA, from ttuov, 'pus,' tmd payn, 
 ' violent rupture.' A sudden discharge of a large 
 collection of matter. 
 
 PYORRHCE'A, from ttvov, 'pus,' and pru, 'I 
 flow.' A discharge of pus. 
 
 Pyorrhosa Alvina, Pyoehezia — p. Aurium, 
 Otirrhoea — p. Nasalis, O'zcena — p. Palpebras, 
 Blepharopyorrhoea — p. Urinalis, Pyuria — p. Vi- 
 arum lacrymalium, Dacryopyon-hosa. 
 
 PYOSIS, Hypopyon, Pterygion, Suppuration 
 — p. Pectoris, Empyema. 
 
 PYOTHORAX VERUS, Empyema. 
 PYOTORRHEE, Otorrhcea. 
 PYOTURIA, Pyuria. 
 PYR, Fever. 
 
 PYRA, Anthrax — p. Crustumina, Crustnmina- 
 tum — p. Crustumeriua, Crustuminatum. 
 
 PYR'AMID, Pyr'amis, Eminen'tia pyranuda'- 
 lis tyrn'pani, from vvp, 'flame,' which has a coni- 
 cal appearance. (?) A small bony projection in 
 the cavity of the tympanum, which is excavated, 
 to lodge the muscle of the stapes. Also, the 
 Centre-pin of the trephine. Also, a small, ob- 
 tusely pointed eminence of the inferior vermiform 
 process of the cerebellum. 
 
 Pyramid, see Calumba — p. of Malacarne, Ver- 
 miform process, inferior. 
 
P YRAMIDAL 
 
 734 
 
 PYROSIS 
 
 PYRAMIDAL BE U ABDOMEN, Pyrami- 
 dalis abdominis — p. de la Cuisse, Pyramidalis — 
 J), du Nez, Pyramidalis nasi — p. Stapedien, Sta- 
 pedius. 
 
 PYRAMIDALE, (OS,) Cuneiform, (bone.) 
 . PYRAMIDA'LIS ABDOM'INIS, Mm'culus 
 Fallo'ijii vel siiccentiiria'tua vel auxilia'rhia, (F.) 
 Pubio-ombilical, Puhio-soua-umbilical, (Ch.,) Py- 
 ramidal de V abdomen. A small, fleshy, pyrami- 
 dal fasciculus, whose existence is not constant; 
 and which is inserted, by its base, into the upper 
 part of the pubis, and terminates, by its summit, 
 at the inferior part of the linea alba. When it 
 contracts, it stretches the linea alba. 
 
 Pyramida'lis, p. Fem'oris, Ili'aeiis exfer'nus, 
 Pyriform'ts, Piriformis, Primus et siqierior quad- 
 rigem'inns, (F.) Sacro-trochanterien (Ch.), Py- 
 ramidal de la cuisse. A flat, triangular muscle, 
 situate at the posterior part of the pelvis. By its 
 base, it is attached to tlie anterior surface of the 
 sacrum ; to the corresponding surface of the great 
 sacro-sciatic ligament and to th# posterior part 
 of the ilium. It terminates by a tendon, which 
 is attached to the inner surface of the great tro- 
 chanter. This muscle is a rotator of the thigh 
 outwards, or of the pelvis in an opposite direction. 
 
 Pyramidalis Femoris, Pyramidalis. 
 
 Pyramida'lis Nasi, Proc"erus nasi, Nasiim 
 dila'tans, (F.) Pronto nasal (Ch.), Pyramidal du 
 nez. A thin, triangular muscle, which has its 
 summit upwards. Above, it is continuous with 
 the occipito-frontalis. It descends vertically be- 
 fore the root of the nose, on which it terminates; 
 becoming confounded with the transversalis. 
 This muscle wrinkles the skin of the root of the 
 nose transversely, and stretches that which covers 
 the tip. 
 
 PYRAMIDES, Corpora pyramidalia. 
 
 PYRAMTIDES ANTERIEURES, Corpora 
 pyramidalia — p. Ferreini, Ferrein, pyramids of 
 — p. Malpighianse, Papillae of the kidney — p. Pos- 
 terieures du eervelet, Corpora restiformia. 
 
 PYRAMIDS OF MALPIGHI, Papillae of the 
 kidney — p. Posterior, Corpora restiformia — p. 
 of Wistar, Sphenoidal cornua. 
 
 PYRAMIS, Penis, Pyramid— p. CochleEe, Mo- 
 diolus — ^p. Trigona, see Temporal bone. 
 
 PYRC^A, Incendium. 
 
 PYREC'TICA, 'febrile;' from Trvptro?, 'fever.' 
 Fevers : the first order in the class Hmmatica of 
 Good. 
 
 PYRENOIDES, Odontoid. 
 
 PYRETHRE, Anthemis pyrethrum. 
 
 PYRETHRUM, Anthemis pyrethrum, Urtica 
 — p. Parthenium, Matricaria parthenium — p. Syl- 
 vestre, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 PYRETICO'SIS, from -rvp, 'fire,' mptTo;, 
 'fever;' Jforhus febri'lis. A febrile a^ection. 
 
 PYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
 
 PYRETOGRAPH'IA, from nvperog, 'fever,' 
 and ypa'prj, 'a description.' A description of 
 fever. 
 
 PYRBTOL'OGY, Pyretolo(j"ia, from Trvpero;, 
 'fever,' and Aoyo?, ' a discourse.' Pyrol'or/y. A 
 treatise on fevers. A title sometimes given to a 
 monograph on fever. 
 
 PYRETOS, Fever. 
 
 PYRETOTYPOSIS, Intermittent. 
 
 PYREX'IA, Pyrex'is. Same etymon as the 
 next. Fever. The febrile condition. Also, a 
 l>aroxysra of fever — Paroxysmua febri'lis. 
 
 PYREX'IJ3, from rtvp, ' fire.' Febrile diseases. 
 The first class of Cullen's Nosology. 
 
 PYRI MARTIALES, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
 
 PYRIA, Fomentation, Vaporarium. 
 
 PYRIATERIUM, Vaporarium. 
 
 PYRICAUSTUM, Burn. 
 
 PYRIFORMIS, Pyramidalis. 
 
 PYRIPH'LEGES, ■nvpKp'Xtyni, from wp, ' fire, 
 and (p\tyhi, ' I burn.' One who has a burning 
 fever. 
 
 PYRITES, IRON, Ferri sulphuretum. 
 
 PYRMONT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 celebrated mineral spring, on the Weser, in West- 
 phalia, four leagues from Hamelet. The waters 
 are tonic, and contain chlorides of sodium and 
 magnesium, sulphates of soda and magnesia, and 
 carbonates of iron, lime, and magnesia dissolved 
 in carbonic acid, with' some resinous principles. 
 It is a highly carbonated chalybeate. 
 
 ARTiric"iAL Pyrmont Water may be formed 
 of Epsom salt, gr. xv ; common salt, gr. v ; mag- 
 nesia, gr. x; iron-filings, gr. v; water, Oiij. Im- 
 pregnated with the gas from marble-powder and 
 sulphnrio acid, aa 3^ij. 
 
 PYRCENUS, Spiritus rectifieatus. 
 
 PYR'OLA, P.rotundifo'lia, Round-leaved Win- 
 fergreen. Order, Pyrolacese. This plant was once 
 used as a gentle astringent and tonic. 
 
 Pyr'ola Macula'ta, Spotted Pipsis'sewo, 
 Spotted Wintergreen, Whiteleaf', White Pipsisse- 
 wa. King cure, Ground holly. Rheumatism weed, 
 &c., has similar properties. 
 
 Pyrola Umbella'ta, Chitnaph'ila vel Chi- 
 moph'ila ximbella'ta, 0. Corymbo'sa, Ground-hoUy, 
 Pipsissewa, Wintergreen, Rheumatism weed,Herije 
 a pisser (Canada). This common American plant 
 is allied to the uva ursi, in botanical as well as 
 medical qualities. It is tonic and diiiretie. Tbo 
 bruised leavep irritate the skin. From the de- 
 coction or infusion an agreeable beverage may 
 be formed by adding sugar, ginger to flavour it, 
 and yeast to produce fermentation. Under the 
 name Pipsis'sewa Beer it has been used in scro- 
 fulous affections. 
 
 PYROLEUM OSSIUM RECTIFICATUM. 
 Oleum animale Dippelii. 
 
 PYROLIG'NEOUS ACID, Ac>'idvm py- 
 roace'tieum, A. pyroligno' sum seu pyroxyl'ietim, 
 A. ligni pyro-oleo'sum, A. ace'ticum empyreu- 
 mat'icum, A. lig'neum, Pyrolig'nic acid, (F.) 
 Acide pyrolignexix, Vinaigre de bois. An acid, 
 obtained by distillation, from wood, coal, &<'., 
 which was once believed to be of a peculiar cha- 
 racter. It is now known to be formed of acetie 
 acid and an empyreumatic oil, from which it may 
 be freed ; and, in this state, is sold in commerce 
 for Acetiim distillatum. It is used for similar 
 purposes as distilled vinegar, and for preserving 
 animal substances. It has also been used as an 
 antiseptic in gangrene and sphacelus, and to foul 
 ulcers ; wherever indeed creasote is indicated. — 
 The dose of the impure p3'roligneous acid inter- 
 nally is from five to thirty drops, three or four 
 times ii day. 
 
 PYROMA'NIA, Incen' diary monoma'nia, from 
 TTvp, ' fire,' and mania. Insanity, with an irre- 
 sistible desire to destroy by fire. 
 
 PYROPII'AGUS, lyniv'orus, from irvp, 'fire.' 
 and 0«y(<), 'I eat.' One who eats fire. A juggler, 
 who eats bodies in a state of ignition. 
 
 PYROS, Tritieum. 
 
 PYRO'SIS, from irvp, 'fire,' 'the act of bun;-. 
 ing.' Ptyalis'mus pyros'icus, Limo'sis cardinl'gia 
 sputato'ria, Ardor stom'achi, A. ventric'idi, Car- 
 dial'gia sjiutatoria, Pyrosis Suec"ica, Apoccno'sia 
 vom'itus pyrosis, Dyspepsia pyrosis, Cniamorcg'- 
 mia, Ebullit"io stom'achi, Orex'is (of some), Wa- 
 terbrash, Waterqualm, Black-water, (F.) Ardew 
 de Vestomac, Fcr chand, Gremason, Soda, Gor- 
 gosact. This affection consists of a hot sensation 
 in the stomach, with eructations cf an acrid, 
 burning liquid, that causes a distressing sensa- 
 
PYROSOPHIA 
 
 735 
 
 QUANDROS 
 
 tion in the parts over which it passes. Attention 
 to diet, and the use of bitter absorbents, will 
 usually relieve, when the disease is functional. 
 Occasionally, it is symptomatic of organic disease 
 of the stomach. 
 
 Pyrosis also signified, of old, inflammation, 
 gangrene, and a burn. 
 
 Pyrosis Sdecica, Pyrosis. 
 
 PYROSOPHIA, Chymistry. 
 
 PYROTECHNIA, Chymistry. 
 
 PYROTECHN Y, Pyrotech'ne, from rrup, ' fire,' 
 and Ttxvrir 'art.' Art of making fire-works, &c. 
 Also, chymistry. M. Percy has used the term 
 Pyrotechnie Ohinirgicale for the art of applying 
 fire or the actual cautery in surgery. 
 
 PYROTHONIDE, from rup, ' fire,' and oOovr,, 
 'linen.' Liquor pyro-oleo'sua e lin'teo para'tus. 
 A kind of pyrogenous or empyreumatic oil, pro- 
 duced by the combustion of textures of hemp, 
 linen, or cotton in a copper vessel. The brown 
 product is acid. Its medical properties probably 
 resemble those of creasote. Diluted with three 
 or four times its weight of water, it has been used 
 as a gargle in cynanche tonsillaris, but is not 
 flow employed. 
 
 It is said, also, to be a popular remedy for 
 t-oothach and skin diseases. When prepared from 
 rags, it is called Mag oil; when from paper, Pa- 
 per oil. 
 
 PYROTICDS, Caustic. 
 
 PYRUS CYDO'NIA, Cydo'nia malifor'mis seu 
 vulga'ris, Sorhus Cydo'nia, Oydo'nia, Coto'nia, 
 Quince Tree, (F.) Coignasaier. Family, Rosacese. 
 Sex. Syst. Icosandria Pentagynia. The fruit is 
 termed Cydo'niuni malum, Malum canum, JIfalum 
 coto'iieum, Melum cydo'nixim, Quince, (F.) Coign. 
 
 Quince-seeds — Cydo'nium (Ph. U. S. 1851) — are 
 sometimes used in decoction as a demulcent. Th« 
 fruit makes a pleasant preserve. 
 
 Pyrus Domestica, Sorbus domestica. 
 
 PyR0S Malus, Malus, M. dasyphyl'la seu com- 
 mu'nis seu aylves'tris, Sorhus malus, ilelea, the 
 Apple Tree, (F.) Pommier. The apple — CF.) 
 Pomme — is an agreeable fruit when ripe. When 
 unripe, it disagrees, especially with those of weak 
 digestive powers. The same may be said of the 
 pear, (F.) Poire; the fruit of the Pyrus commii'- 
 nis, Apios, P. Sorbus, P. Sati'va, (F.) Poirier. 
 
 Apple Brandy is a spirituous liquor obtained 
 from the juice of the apple, and much used in the 
 United States. 
 
 PYTIA, Colostrum. 
 
 PYTISMA, Sputum, Sperm. 
 
 PYUL'CON, from ttvov, 'pus,' and 's\kw, 'I 
 extract.' (F.) •Tire-pus. A surgical instrument 
 for extracting pus from any cavity. Many pyulca 
 have been employed, all of which act as exhausting 
 syringes. 
 
 PYU'RIA, Pyotu'ria, Pyorrhoe'a urina'lis, from. 
 TTVOV, 'pvis,' and ovpov, 'urine.' Discharge of pu- 
 rulent urine : a symptom which occurs in many 
 diseases ; particularly in cases of renal calculi, 
 and in organic affections of the bladder. It re- 
 ceives various epithets, according to the part 
 whence the pus proceeds : — as Pyuria urethra'iis, 
 P. rena'lis, and P. vesica'lis. 
 
 Pyuria Chylosa, Chyluria — p. Lactea, Chy- 
 luria — p. Mucosa, Cystirrhcea — p. Serosa, Cys- 
 tirrhcea — p. Viscida, Cystirrhcea. 
 
 PYXIS, -tfij. A box ; a pill-box. Also, on 
 emollient ointment. — Aetius, and Paulus. 
 
 Pyxis, Boite, see Cotyloid. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Q., see Abbreviation. 
 
 QUABEBE, Piper cubeba. 
 
 QUACK, Charlatan. 
 
 QUACK-MEDICINE, Arcanum. 
 
 QUACKSALVER, Charlatan. 
 
 QUADPiANS, Quarfa pars librcB. A quarter 
 of a pound. Three ounces (Troy). 
 
 QUADRANTAL, Amphora. 
 
 QUADRATUS, Depressor labii inferioris — q. 
 Dorsi, Q. lumborum. 
 
 Quadra'tus Fem'oris, Quadratus, from qua- 
 dra, ' a square.' Quartxis quadrigem'inus quad- 
 ratus, (F.) Tuber-ischio-trochanterien ( Ch. ), /»- 
 chio-sous-trochanterien, Carre de la Cuisse. A 
 muscle situate at the posterior and upper part of 
 the thigh. It is thin, flat, and quadrilateral, 
 and is attached to the outer part of the tuberosity 
 of the ischium ; whence it proceeds transversely 
 to the inferior part of the posterior margin of the 
 great trochanter. It rotates the limb, turning 
 the toe outwards. 
 
 Quadratus GbNjE, Platysma myoides — q. Ra- 
 dii, Pronator radii quadratus. 
 
 Quadratus Lumbo'rum, Quadratus seu Lum- 
 ba'ris extern us, Flectens par lumbo'rum, Quadra'- 
 tus dorsi, (F.) Ilio-costal, (Ch.) Eio-lombi-costal, 
 Carre des lombes. A flat, somewhat thick, irre- 
 gularly quadrilateral muscle, situate in the loins, 
 at the sides of the vertebral column. It is at- 
 tached, below, to the crista ilii and ilio-lumbar 
 ligament; and above, to the inferior margin of 
 the last rib ; and besides, to the base of the trans- 
 
 verse processes of the last four lumbar vertebrae. 
 This muscle inclines the loins to its sidej de- 
 presses the last rib, and is thus a muscle of respi- 
 ration. It can also raise the hip. 
 
 QUADRIGEM'INA TUBER'CULA, Eminen'- 
 ti(B Quadrigem'ineB seu Bigem'ince, Optic Lobes, 
 Optic Ganglia, Pons Syl'vii, Cor'p>ora quadri- 
 gem'ina. Abates et Testes, Cor^2>ora higem'ina, (F.) 
 Tubercles quadrijumeaux, Eminences bigeminles. 
 Four medullary tubercles, situate at the posterior 
 surface of the tuber annulare. They are white, 
 externally; gray, internally; oblong: rounded; 
 connected by pairs, and separated by two grooves, 
 which divide them crucially. Of these tubercles 
 — the superior, called nates, Tuber'cula anterio'ra, 
 Glu'tia, are larger and more prominent than the 
 lower, called testes, Tuber'cula posterio'ra. The 
 pineal gland corresponds exactly to the point 
 of intersection of the two furrows that separate 
 them. 
 
 QUADRIGEMINUS PRIMUS ET SUPE- 
 RIOR, Pyramidalis — q. Quadratus quartus, Qufi- 
 dratus femoris — q. Secundus et tertius, Isehio- 
 trochanterianus. 
 
 QUADROON, see Mulatto— q. Black, see Ma- 
 latto. 
 
 QUAFADIL, Melanthium Virginicum. 
 
 QUAHOIL, Cacao. 
 
 QUAIL, Tetrao coturnix. 
 
 QUAMASH, EASTERN, Scilla esculsnta. 
 
 QUANDROS. Ancient name for a precious 
 stone, believed to exist in the brain of the vul 
 
QUASANTIXE 
 
 736 
 
 QUINIA 
 
 tare ; and to wTiich was attributed the property 
 of augmenting the secretion of milk, and pre- 
 eerving from deadly accidents. No such stone 
 exists. 
 
 QUAR'AK'TINE, Quar'enfine, Quarentaine, 
 from (I.) Quarauii'na, itself from quaranta,' forty .' 
 (P.) Quarantaine. The time during which tra- 
 vellers, returning from a country where the plague 
 or any other pestilential disease exists, are com- 
 pelled to remain on board ship or in a lazaretto. 
 They, as well as the ship, are said ' to perform 
 quarantine.' Quarantine is sometimes extended 
 beyond forty days, whilst its duration is fre- 
 quently much less. It is sometimes enforced by 
 land ; for example, when contagious diseases re- 
 quire the establishment of cordons sanitaires, and 
 when persons are desirous of leaving infected dis- 
 tricts. During quarantine, no communication is 
 allowed between the travellers and the inhabit- 
 ants of the country. Quarantine is a great im- 
 pediment to commerce; and is, doubtless, very 
 frequently enforced when there is but little dan- 
 ger of contagion. The evils, however, that might 
 arise from the introduction of a widely-spreading 
 contagious disease, are so disastrous, as to induce 
 legislators to maintain these laws in perhaps an 
 unnecessary degree of rigour. 
 
 QUARTAN, ' of or belonging to the fourth.' 
 Quarts' na Fehris, An'etus Quarta'nus, Tctartce'ns, 
 Qaartan Ague, (F.) Quarte. An intermittent, the 
 paroxysms of which recur every fourth day, 
 leaving between them two daj's' interval. AVe 
 speak also of the Quartan Tjjpe, A Double Quar- 
 tan is one in which one paroxysm occurs on the 
 third and another on the second day, so that 
 there is only one day of apyrexia and two of 
 paroxysms in succession ; — the paroxysms of 
 every fourth day resembling each other. A Tri- 
 ple Quartan is one in which there is a paroxysm 
 every day; and on every three days the paroxysms 
 correspond. A redouh'ling or repeating quartan, 
 (F.) Fievre quarte doublee, is one in which there 
 are two paroxysms every fourth day. See Inter- 
 mittent. 
 
 QUARTANUS REMITTEXS, Tetartophia. 
 
 QUARTA'RIUS. An ancient measure, equal 
 t) one-fourth of the sextarius. See Weights and 
 Measures. 
 
 QUARTE, Quartan. 
 
 QUARTERON, see Mulatto — q. Black, see 
 Mulatto. 
 
 QUARTIO, Astragalus. 
 
 QUARTI-STERNAL, Quadristerna'lis. The 
 fourth osseous portion of the sternum, correspond- 
 ing to the fourth intercostal space. — Beclard. 
 
 QUASSATIO, Conquassation. 
 
 QUASSATURA, Conquassation. 
 
 QUAS'SIA, Quassia ama'ra, Quassy, Quassia 
 excel'sa, Picra'nti excel'sa, Febrif'ugum lignum, 
 Lofty Bitterwood Tree, Bitter-ash, (F.) Quassie. 
 A West India tree, from which is obtained the 
 Lignum Quassia, Quassia, (Ph. U. S.) It is an 
 intensely durable bitter, without astringency ; 
 and has been employed as a tonic and stomachic. 
 It is generally given in the form of infusion. The 
 bitter principle is called Quaasin. 
 
 -QaASSiA Simarod'ba, Simarouha, Simaruba, 
 S. officina'lis, Euon'ymus, Bitter Simaruba, Moun- 
 taiti Damson. The bark of the Simarouba is 
 bitter, and not unpleasant. Both water and al- 
 cohol extract its virtues. It is not astringent. 
 It is exhibited wherever a simple tonic is required. 
 
 QUASSIN, see Quassia. 
 
 QUATERNIO, Astragalus. 
 
 QUATRE EPICES, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 QUATRIO, Astragalus. 
 
 QUEASINESS, Nausea. 
 
 QUEEN'S DELIGHT, Stillingia — q. of the 
 Meadows, Spiraea ulmaria — q. Root, Stillingia. 
 QUERCINI HERBA, Lichen plieatus. 
 QUERCULA MINOR, Teucrium chamsedrys. 
 QUERCUS ALBA, the White Oak; QtiERcrs 
 RoBUR, the Common Oak; Q. Tincto'ria, the 
 Black Oak; Q. RUBRA monta'ka, the Red Oah 
 or Spanish Oak ; Family, Amentaceae ; Sex. Syst, 
 Monoecia Polyandria; (F.) Ch^ne. The bark of 
 all these varieties is, probably, alike in medicinal 
 properties. It is powerfully astringent and tonic, 
 and has been used internally in intermittents, and 
 externally in decoction, as an astringent wash, 
 where such is indicated. 
 
 Acorns, Oeces, Niices Qnercuo, (F.) Glands, 
 were at one time much used as food : and a de- 
 coction of them was once recommended in dys- 
 enterj' and diarrhosa, in glandular obstruction?, 
 &c. A pessary made of them has been advised 
 in immoderate flow of the menses. They are not 
 now used. 
 
 QuERCus Infecto'ria. a tree of Asia Minor, 
 which affords Turkey Galls, Nut Galls, Galla- 
 Tur'ciccB, G. Querci'noB, G. Tincto' ricB, Kux Galla., 
 Galla max'ima orbicula'ta, Cicis, Cassenoles, Gal- 
 la, Galls, Gall-nut, (F.) Noix de Galle. The iint- 
 gall — Galla (Ph. U. S.) — is a morbid protuberance 
 or tubercle, produced by the puncture of the Di- 
 pilo'lepis GallcB Tincto'rim or Cynips Quercdx 
 folii. It is powerfully astringent and tonic, and 
 has been employed in diarrhoea, intestinal hemor- 
 rhage, and intermittents : but is chiefly used, 
 externally, in gargles and injections. The pow- 
 der, made into an ointment with lard, is used in 
 piles. 
 
 QuERcrs Coccifera, see Kermes — q. Marina, 
 Fucus vesiculosus — q. Suber, sec Suber. 
 
 QUEUE DE CHEVAL, Cauda equina, see 
 Medulla spinalis — q. de la Moelle epiniere, Cauda 
 equina — q. de Pourcenu, Peucedanum. 
 
 QUICK-IN-THE-HAND, Impatiens. 
 
 QUICKEN TREE, Sorbus acupnria. 
 
 QUICK'ENING, from Sax. cnirenr. • " <^-'Ve 
 alive.' The period of gestation when ii .li>u 
 
 of the foetus first becomes perceptible. This usu- 
 ally occurs about the eighteenth week, and was 
 at one time erroneously believed to mark the 
 time at which the fcetus becomes alive — Animu'- 
 tio fo'tits. It need scarcely be said, that it pos- 
 sesses the principle of life from the moment of 
 the union of the materials furnished by the sexes 
 at a fecundating copulation. When the motion 
 is felt, the female is said to be 'quick with child.' 
 
 QUICKENS, Triticum repens. 
 
 QUICKLIME. Calx viva. 
 
 QUICKSILVER, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 QUIES, Acinesia. 
 
 QUINA, Quinine — q. Quina, Cinchona. 
 
 QUIN^ ACETAS, SULPHAS, Ac, see Qm- 
 nise Acetas, <te. 
 
 QUINCE, see Pyrus cydonia — q. Tree, Pyrus 
 cydonia. 
 
 QUINIA, Quinine — q. Acetate of, Quiniae acetas 
 — q. Amorphous, see Quinia, extract of — q. Arsen- 
 iate of, Quinite arsenias — q. and Cinchonia, tannate 
 of, Quinias et Cinchonia; tannas — q. Arscnite of, 
 Quinise arsenis — q. Citrate of, Quinias citras. 
 
 QuiNiA, Extract of, Qni'nia sulphas impu'nis. 
 A preparation which consists in evaporating the 
 liquor poured off the crystals of sulphate of quinia, 
 to the consistence of a pilular mass. 
 
 It has the properties of sulphate of quinia, and 
 its active principle appears to be amorphous 
 quinia. Twenty-four grains will generally arrest 
 ague. 
 
 Quinia, Ferrocyanate of, Quinire fcrrocyanaa 
 — q. Ilydriodate of, Quinia; hydriodas — q. Im- 
 pure sulphate of, Quinia, extract of — q. lodhy- 
 
QUINIiE 
 
 rsr 
 
 QUININE 
 
 drate of, Quinise hydriodas — q. Iodide of, Quinia> 
 hydriodas — q. Iodide of,Iodhydrate of, see Quinias 
 hydriodas — q. loduret of, Quinias hydriodas — q. 
 and Iron, Hydriodate of, see Quinia, Iodide of 
 lodhydrate of — q. Lactate of, Quinias lactas — q. 
 and Mercury, protochloride of, Hydrargyri et 
 Quiniae Protoehloridum — q. Muriate of, Quinias 
 inurias — q. Nitrate of, Quinite nitras — q. Phos- 
 phate of, Quinite phosphas — q. Sulphate of, Qui- 
 nine, sulphate of. 
 
 QUI'NI^ ACE'TAS, Chi' mum ace'ticvw, Ace'- 
 tan Chi'nii seu Ghini'ni sen chi'nicus seu Qiii'iiicB 
 seu QidncB seu Quhn'ni seu Krni'ni, Quina ace'- 
 lica, Acetate of Qui'm'a or of Quuiine. Prepared 
 by saturating Quinia with diluted acetic acid. 
 Has the properties of the other salts of Quinia, 
 
 QuiNi.« Ausen'ias, Quini'ncB seu Qui'nicB Ar- 
 sen'ias, C'hini'num Arseinco'sum seu Arsenic" icum, 
 Arseninte of Quinia or of Quina or of Quinine. 
 Formed by the union of arsenic acid and qninia. 
 Employed as an antiperiodic in the dose of from 
 three quarters of a grain to a gi-ain and a half in 
 the twenty-four hours. 
 
 QciNivE Ar'senis, Q. Diar'scnis, Ar'senite of 
 Qni'nia. A salt resulting from the double de- 
 composition of arsenite of potassa and sidpJiate 
 of quinia. It has been used in chronic cutaneous 
 diseases ; and as an antiperiodic in ague, neu- 
 ralgia, &c. Dose, one-third of a grain, three times 
 a da.j. 
 
 QuinIjB Citras, Quinia seu Chini'ni citras, 
 Citras chi'nicus seu qui'nicus, C'hi'nium seu C'hi- 
 ni'num Ci'tricum, Citrate of Quinia, of Quina, or 
 of Quinine. Formed from the union of citric 
 acid and quinia. It has the same properties as 
 the sulphate. 
 
 QuiNi.E ET CiNCHONi.E Tannas, Okini'nvm seu 
 Chi'nium tan'nicum, Tannate of Quinia and Cin- 
 cho'nia. This salt has the same properties as the 
 salt* of quinia in general. 
 
 QuixijE Diarsexis, Quinias Arsenis. 
 
 QuinIjE Ferrocy'anas, Chi'mnm fcrrocfiano- 
 geyia'tum seu fei-rohi/droci/an'icu.rn, Ferrocy'anate 
 or hydrociianoferrcde of Quinia or of Quinine. 
 This salt is obtained by the decomposition of sid- 
 phate of quinia by means of a solution of fcrro- 
 ci/anuret of potassium. It has all the properties 
 of sulphate of quinia, and, according to some, in 
 a superior degree. 
 
 Qdin!^ Hydri'odas, Chini'mtm hydriod'icum, 
 Hydriodate or lodhydrate of Quinia ; called, also, 
 Jodure'tum seu lod'idum Qui'nicB, Jod'urct or 
 J'odide of Qui'nia, (F.) Hydriodate ou lodhydrate 
 di Quinine, lodure de Quinine. This is formed 
 by precipitating sulphate of quinia by means of 
 iodide of potassium. Given in scrofulous affec- 
 tions; half a grain to a grain, three times a day, 
 to a child. 
 
 An iodide and a hiniodide have been formed ; 
 the latter made by mixing double the quantity of 
 the iodide of potassium with the sulphate of quinia. 
 
 An loniDE OP Iodhy'drate op Qui'nia, (F.) 
 lodure d' lodhydrate de Quinine, is prepared by 
 pouring into an acid solution of qninia a solution 
 of iodide of iron, containing a slight excess of 
 i>Jine. The precipitate is treated with boiling 
 alcohol : the liquor filtered, and crystals sufl'ered 
 to form. The salt possesses all the properties of 
 the other salts of quinia. Under the name, Hy- 
 driodate of Iron and Quinia, a preparation has 
 been introduced by Mr. Battley. It is possessed 
 of tonic and antiperiodic virtues. 
 
 Quinia Iodidum, Quinias hydriodas — q. lodii- 
 retum, Quinice hydriodas. 
 
 Quints Lactas, Quince lactas, CMni'nvm lac'- 
 ti<:um, Lactate of Qui'nia or of Quinine. Made 
 by the action of lactic acid on quinia. Used in 
 the same cases as the. other salts of ouinia. 
 47 
 
 Qui'ni.g Ml''rias, Chi'nium muriat'icnm sea 
 sali'tum seu hydrochlo'ricum, Ifu'riaa chi'nicui. 
 Muriate of Quinia or of Quinine. May be pre- 
 pared by dissolving quinia in dilute muriatic acid. 
 Given as an antiperiodic. Dose, half a grain to 
 a grain. 
 
 QriNi^ Nitras, Chi'nium seu Chini'num iii'- 
 tricum. Nitrate of Quinia or of Quinine. Maybe 
 formed by the addition of nitric acid to quinia. 
 Its properties are those of the sulphate of quinia. 
 
 QuiNiyE Phosphas, Chi'nium seu Chini'num 
 phosphor' icum, Phosp)hate of Quinia or of Qui- 
 nine ; may be prepared by the addition of dilute 
 2)hosphorio acid to quinia. It is thought by many 
 to he next to the sulphate of quinia in its remedial 
 powers. 
 
 QuiNi.E Sulphas, Quinine, sulphate of. 
 
 QuiNl.li; Yaleria'nas, Chini'num sen Chi'nium 
 Vahrian'icum, Valerianate of Quinia, of Quina. 
 or of Quinine; may be formed by the union of 
 valerianic acid with quinia. It has the projJer- 
 ties of the salts of quinia. 
 
 QUININE, Qui'nia, Quina, Kini'num, Chini'- 
 num, Quinina. An alkaline, uncr.ystallizable sub- 
 stance ; under the form of a porous, whitish mass : 
 almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and 
 ether. It forms, with acids, salts that are in gen- 
 eral soluble. It is obtained from different cin- 
 chonas, but chiefly from the yellow, and is the 
 active principle of those valuable drugs. 
 
 Quinine, Acetate op, Quinia acetas — q. Ar- 
 seniate of, QuiniiB arsenias — q. Arsenite of. Qui- 
 nine arsenis — q. Citrate of, QuiniiB citras — q. 
 Ferroeyanate of, Quinias fcrrocyanas — q. Hydri- 
 odate de, Quiniaj hydriodas — q. lodhydrate de, 
 Quinise hydriodas — q. Iodide of, Quiniae hydrio- 
 das — q. lodure de, Quinice hydriodas -^9'. lodure 
 d' lodhydrate de, Quinia, iodide of lodhydrate of— 
 q. Lactate of, Quiniaj lactas — q. Muriate of, Qui- 
 nias murias — q. Nitrate of, Quinias nitras — q. 
 Phosphate of, Quinite phosphas. 
 
 Quinine. Qihna or Quinia, Sulphate op, Qui- 
 NIJ5 sou Qvi'ncR seu Quini'ncB Sulphas, Quince 
 Disul'phas, Chi'nium seu Chini'num Suljihu'ri- 
 cum, (F.) Sulfate de Qm'nine — the salt usually' 
 employed in medicine — occurs in needles of a 
 pearlj-- and satiny appearance. It is employed 
 with great success in the treatment of intermit- 
 tents ; and is available in many cases, where tlie 
 bark in substance could not be retained, or would 
 be injurious. Dose, as atonic from 5 to 10 grains 
 in the 2-1 hours. As an antiperiodic it may be 
 carried much farther. Its action, in a large dose. 
 is decidedly sedative. It is obtained, by treating 
 the Tollow bark with sulphuric acid. The follow- 
 ing form is adopted in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States,- — CincJion. far. in pulv. crass. Ibiv ; 
 Acid, mnriat. f^iij ; Calcis, in pulv. ^v; Aqucp, 
 cong. v; Acid. Sulphur., Alcohol; Carhon. ani- 
 mal, aa q. s. Boil the bark in one-third of the 
 water mixed with the one-third of the muriatic 
 acid, and strain through linen. Boil the residue 
 twice successively with the same quantity of acid 
 and water as before, and strain. Mix the decoc- 
 tions, and, while the liquor is hot, gradually add 
 the lime, previously mixed with two pints of 
 water, stirring constantly, until the quinia is com- 
 pletely precipitated. Wash the precipitate with 
 distilled water, and having pressed and dried it, 
 digest it in boiling alcohol. Pour off the liquor 
 and repeat the digestion several times, until the 
 alcohol is no longer remlertd bitter. Mix tho 
 liquors, and distil off the alcohol, until a brown 
 viscid mass remains. Upon this substance, re- 
 moved from the vessel, pour about half a gallon 
 of distilled water, and having heated the mixture 
 to the boiling point, add as much sulphuric acid 
 as may be necessary to dissclve the impure aliili. 
 
QUININISM 
 
 738 
 
 RACHITIS 
 
 Then add an ounce and a half of animal charcoal ; 
 boil for two minutes; filter the liquor while hot, 
 and set it aside to crystallize. Should the liquor, 
 before filtration, be entirely neutral, acidulate it 
 very slightly with sulphuric acid. Should it, on 
 the contrary, change the colour of litmus paper 
 to a bright red, add more animal charcoal. Sep- 
 arate the crystals from the liquor, dissolve them 
 in boiling water slightly acidulated with sulphu- 
 ric acid, add a little animal charcoal, filter and 
 set aside to crystallize. Wrap the crystals in 
 bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. The 
 mother-waters may be made to yield an additional 
 quantity of sulphate of quinia by precipitatin; 
 
 qninta ; from quintus, 'a fifth.' A fever whose 
 paroxysms return only every five days inelns- 
 ively ; and between which there are, consequently, 
 three days of apyrexia. 
 
 QUINTE, (F.) This word is used synony-- 
 mously with '[jaro^ysra or fit, when speaking of 
 cough, — as uve Qiiiiite de Toux — 'a fit of cough- 
 ing.' Also, the influenza. 
 
 QUTNTEFEUILLE, Potentilla reptans. 
 
 QUINTERON, see Mulatto — q. black, see 
 Mulatto. 
 
 QUINTE S, see Pertussis. 
 
 QUINTES'SENCE, QuintnEssen'tia. A name 
 formerly given to alcohol, impregnated with the 
 
 the quinia with solution of ammonia, and treating ! principles of some drug. It was, consequently, 
 
 the pjrecipitated alkali with water, sulphuric acid, 
 and animal charcoal, as before. 
 
 Quinine, Tannate of, Quiniae et cinchonise 
 tannas — q. Valerianate of, Quiniae valerianas. 
 
 QUINI'^NISM, Quininis'miis, Quinism, Cin'- 
 choninm. The aggregate of encephalic or neuro- 
 pathic phenomenainduced by over-doses of quinia. 
 
 QUINOIDINE. Chinioidine. 
 
 QUINQUEFOLIUM,Potentillareptans— Quin- 
 quefolium majus, Potentilla reptans. 
 
 QUINQUINA, Cinchona — q. Aromotiqne, Cro- 
 ton cascarilla — q. Bicolor, Cinchonas Caribaess 
 cortex — q. Fanx de Virginie, Cusparia febrifuga 
 —q. Gris de Loxa, Cinchonse lancifolise cortex — 
 q. Jaime, Cinchonfe eordifolise cortex — q. Orange, 
 Cinchonse lancifolias cortex — q. Piton, Cinchonse 
 Cdribsese cortex — q. Rouge, Cinchonse oblongifo- 
 lisB cortex. 
 
 QUINSET, Cynanche tonsillaris — q. Nervous, 
 Angone — q. Wolf, Lycanche. 
 
 QUINTAI^j Fehris quinta'na, F. pemptm'a, F. 
 
 often synonymous with Alcohol'ic tincture. The 
 most volatile principles of bodies were, also, 
 called Qiiinteii'sences. 
 
 QUINTI'STERNAL. The fifth osseous por- 
 tion of the sternum. It corresponds to the y'^h 
 and 6th intercostal spaces, 
 
 QUINUA, Chenopodium quinoa. 
 
 QUOTID'IAN, Quotidia'nus, Ephe'merus, — it- 
 self from quotidie, 'daily.' That which takes 
 place CYerj day. 
 
 Quotid'ian Fever, Fehris quotidia'na sen he- 
 mere'nia. seu hemer'ina, Q. ague, An'elus quotidi- 
 a'nus, C'athe'merus, Cathemer'inus, Methemer'inoa, 
 Amphemer'inos, Amphimer' imts, Amj^lie' merits, Fe- 
 hris awphe'mera seu meth enter' ina seu metheme'- 
 ria, Quotidia'nus, (F.) Fievre quotidienne, is an 
 intermittent, the paroxysms of which recur every 
 day. 
 
 A simple, doithle, or trij)le quotidian, is a quo- 
 tidian, which has one, two, or three paroxysms in 
 the' 24 hours. 
 
 K. 
 
 K is placed at the commencement of a pre- 
 eeription, as a contraction of Rec"ipe. (See Ab- 
 breviation.) Originally, it was the sign H. of 
 Jupiter, and was placed at the top of a formula, 
 to propitiate the king of the gods, that the com- 
 pound misht act favourably. 
 
 RABDOIDES. (SUTURA,) Sagittal suture. 
 
 RABID, Rah'idus, (F.) Rahique, Rahieiqne, 
 from rabies, ' canine madness.' That which be- 
 longs to hydrophobia; as rahid virus, &c. 
 
 RABl/jIQUE, Rabid. 
 
 TtABIES CANINA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 RABIQUE, Rabid. 
 
 R AC ABOUT, Amylvm querneum. A name 
 ■given by the Arabs to the starch prepared from 
 :an edible acorn obtained from Quercus Ilex, but, 
 according to Plagge. the so called Rncahout of 
 the Arabs, sold in Paris, is a compound of pnta- 
 -toe starch, chocolate, and aromatics, — as vanilla. 
 
 RACCOON BERRY, Podophyllum montanum. 
 
 RACE, from radice, abl. of radix, 'root,' breed. 
 The union or aggregate of individuals whose con- 
 formation or particular condition differs percep- 
 tibly from those of neighbouring varieties. In 
 the human species, several races are designated. 
 i>ee Homo. 
 
 RACEMEUX, Racemosus. 
 
 IIACEMO'SUS, Rne"emous, Rac"emose, (F.) 
 ttaef-mnvx. In clusters, like grapes. 
 
 RACE'MUS. A cluster — as of grapes. 
 
 RACHAMEL'CA, from Hcbr. CHI {rccliem) 
 ■'the womb,' and "ho {molech,) 'a king:' Reeha- 
 
 mal'ca. A peculiar formative principle, supposed, 
 by Dolseus, to exist in the uterus. 
 
 RACHE, Porrigo. 
 
 RACHI^I, Rachiaei. 
 
 RACHIALGIA, Colic, metallic, Rbachiodynia, 
 Vertebral disease — r. Mesenterica, Tabes mesen- 
 terica — r. Pictoniensium, Colic, metallic — r. Pie- 
 tonum, Colic, metallic. ^ ^ 
 
 RACHIALGIE MESENTERIQUE, Tabes 
 mesenterica. 
 
 RACHIALGITIS. Rhachialgitis. 
 
 RACHIDIAN ARTERIES, Spinal arteries— r. 
 Bulb, see Medulla oblongata — r. Canal, Vertebral 
 
 RACHTOPHYMA, Rachiphyma. 
 
 RACHIPHY'MA, Rhachipjiy'ma, RachiopTiy. 
 ma, Tumor Dorsi, from '/)°X'^' '^^^ spine.' and 
 cpvi^a, 'a tumour.' A tumour on the spine or on 
 the back. 
 
 RACHTS, Vertebral column. 
 
 RACHIS'AGRA, Rhachis'agra, Rhach'iagro^ 
 Rh<ich'eiigra, Rhachid'agra, Rhachi'tis spina'/i', 
 from 'fX'i' 't^<^ spine,' and aypa, 'a seizure.' A 
 gouty or rheumatic affection of the spine. 
 
 RACHITvE, RhachitiB. 
 
 RACHIT'IC, Rachit'iciis, Rhachit'icus, (T.) 
 Rarhitique. Same etymon as the next. Re. 
 lating or appertaining to, or aff'eeted with rickets. 
 Weak, feeble in the joints; defective in develop- 
 ment. 
 
 RACIII'TIS, Rhachi'tis, from 'rax'^, 'the 
 spine,' and itis, a sufiix denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the spine. Also, Cyrto'sie Rq.'~ 
 
BACHITI^ME 
 
 739 
 
 RADICAL 
 
 ehia, Cyrton'osxis, 3Iorbus Ang'licus, Osfeomala' cia 
 Infan'tum, Tabes pectoreci; Innutritio ossium, Spina 
 nodo'sa, Raehitis'mus, English disease, Rickets ; 
 from 'pa^is, 'the spine.' (F.) Rachitisme, Nouure. 
 A disease characterized by crookedness of the 
 long bones; swelling of their extremities; crooked 
 spine; prominent abdomen; large head; and often 
 precocity of intellect. It is accompanied by lean- 
 ness, general debility, indigestion; and frequently 
 induces atrophy and hectic. Rickets occurs, par- 
 ticularly, during the first years of existence, in 
 weakly children, born of rickety or scrofulous 
 parents ; brought up in damp or confined situa- 
 tions ; who are badly nourished, and do not take 
 sufficient exercise. The progress and termination 
 of the disease are very variable. Some children 
 gradually recover their health : others become 
 more and more deformed, and ultimately die of 
 consumption, dropsy, or other organic disease. 
 The treatment is almost wholly hygienic. Pure 
 air; a healthy situation ; nourishing diet; exer- 
 cise; sea or common cold bathing, and tonics, 
 aflford the best prospect of success. 
 
 Rachitis Adultorom, Mollities ossium. 
 
 RACHITISME, Rachitis. 
 
 RACHO'SIS, Rhacho'sis, Rako'sis, from 'pa^oio, 
 or 'paKooi, ' I wrinkle.' A relaxation of the scro- 
 tum. Propto'ma sou lax'itas Scroti, Scrotum 
 pen'dxdum. An excoriation of the relaxed scro- 
 tum. — Dictionaries. 
 
 RACINE A BEOQUET, Geranium moscha- 
 tum — )'. de Bengal, Cassumuniar — r. de Charcis, 
 Dorstenia contrayerva — r. de Draeke, Dorstenia 
 tontrayerva — r. des Philippines, Dorstenia con- 
 trayerva — r. de Safran, Curcuma longa — r. de 
 Saint Esprit, Angelica — r. Salivaire, Anthemis 
 pyrethrum — r. de Turheth, Convolvulus turpe- 
 thura. 
 
 RACINE S DU CERVELET, Corpora resti- 
 formia. 
 
 R AC LURES DES BOYAUX, Ramenta in- 
 testinorum. 
 
 RACORNISSEMENT, (F.) from se racornir, 
 'to shrivel in the fire as leather does.' Cor'nifi- 
 cation. A physical property, possessed by ani- 
 mal substances, which consists in a kind of con- 
 tractility, accompanied with sudden corrugation 
 and curling. It is produced by heat, and by 
 chemical agents, especially by the strong mineral 
 acids. 
 
 RADCLIFFE'S ELIXIR, see Tinctura aloes 
 composita. 
 
 RADESYGE, Radzyge. 
 
 RADEZYGE, Radzyge. 
 
 RADIAD, see Radial aspect. 
 
 RA'DIAL, Radia'lis, from radius, a bone of 
 the forearm. That which relates to the radius. 
 
 RADIAL ANTERIEUR, Palmaris magnus. 
 
 Radial Artery, A. extern'a Cu'hiti. It arises 
 from the brachial, at the upper and anterior part 
 of the forearm ; descends on the outer side as far 
 as the lower part of the radius, and proceeds 
 downwards and backwards towards the superior 
 extremity of the space which separates the first 
 two metacarpal bones. It then buries itself in 
 the palm of the hand, where it forms the jt^o- 
 foxmd or radial palmar arch. The radial artery 
 gives off the recurrent radial, several radio-mus- 
 oular branches, the transverse palmar radio-carpal 
 artery, the external superficial artery of the palm 
 of the hand, the external dorsal of tJie thumb, the 
 dorscdis carpi, dorsal interosseous artery of the 
 index, &c. 
 
 Radial Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
 an which the radius is situated. — Barclay. Ra- 
 diad is used by the same writer, adverbially, to 
 -eignify ' towards the radial aspect.' 
 
 RADIAL EXTERNE PREIflER, see Ra- 
 dialis — r. Externe second, see Radialis — r. Grand, 
 see Radialis. 
 
 Radial Nerve, Radio-digital (Ch.), Spiral 
 Nerve, Spiral mnscidar N., Musctdo-spiral nerve, 
 arises from the four inferior branches of the bra- 
 chial plexus. It is, at first, situate behind the 
 other nerves of the plexus. It then becomes en- 
 gaged between the three portions of the triceps 
 brachialis, passes behind the humerus, and de- 
 scends between the supinator longus and bra- 
 chialus internus, as far as opposite the upper ex- 
 tremity of the radius. In its course it gives nu- 
 merous filaments to the triceps, supinator longus, 
 extensor carpi radialis longior, and to the inte- 
 guments. Opposite the upper extremity of the 
 radius it divides into two branches; — the ono 
 posterior, which turns backwards into the sub- 
 stance of the supinator brevis, and when it has 
 reached the space between the two layers of 
 muscles on the posterior surface of the forearm, 
 divides into a great number of filaments, whicli 
 are distributed to those muscles, and to the inte- 
 guments of the hand. The other branch is anie- 
 rior: it descends before the supinator brevis and 
 the radius; until, near the inferior third of that 
 bone, it engages itself between the tendons of tbo 
 supinator longus and extensor carpi radialis lon- 
 gior ; and, becoming afterwards subcutaneous, 
 divides into two branches, whose filaments are 
 distributed to the integuments of the thumb, 
 index, middle finger, to the outside of the ring 
 finger, and to the first interosseous muscle of tho 
 back of the hand. 
 
 RADIAL PETIT, see Radialis. 
 
 Radial Veins, Deep-Seated, follow the sair.- 
 course as the radial arterv. 
 
 RADIA'LIS EXTER'NUS BRE'VIOR, Ex- 
 ten' sor Carpi Radialis Bre'vior, Radialis secuii ' 
 dus, (F.) Second radial cxtcrne. Petit radial^ 
 Epicondylo-sus-metaearpien, (Ch.) An extensor 
 muscle of the wrist, situate beneath the extensor 
 carpi radialis longior. It is attached, above, to 
 the external tuberosity of the humerus, and ter- 
 minates below, by a long tendon, inserted into 
 the posterior part of the upper extremity of the 
 third bone of the metacarpus. It has the same 
 uses as the next muscle. 
 
 Radia'lis Exter'nus Lon'gior, Extensor 
 Carpi Radia'lis Lon'gior, Radialis externus pri~ 
 rnus, (F.) Premier radial externe, Grand radial, 
 Humero sus-metacaypien, (Ch.) It is seated a,t; 
 the outer part of the forearm; is thin, but thicker 
 on the outside than on the inside. It is attached, 
 above, to the inferior part of the outer edge, and 
 to the corresponding tuberosity, of the humerus ; 
 and terminates, below, by a long tendon, which 
 is attached to the superior extreinity of the second 
 bone of the metacarpus. It extends the hand on 
 the forearm. 
 
 Radialis Externus Bretior, see Radialis^— 
 r. Externus primus, see Radialis — r. Extensor 
 longior, see Radialis — r. Internus, Palmaris ma<:- 
 nus — r. Secundus, see Radialis. 
 
 RAD'IATED, Radia'tus, from radius, 'a ray;' 
 (F.) Rayonne. That which is arranged in ray?' : 
 in lines, diverging from a common centre. An 
 epithet given to several ligaments, &c., as to 
 those which unite the ribs to the sternum ; thoto 
 which unite the tibia and fibula at their inferior 
 extremity, &c. 
 
 Radiated Substance of the Kidney, seo 
 Kidney. ' 
 
 RAD'ICAL, Radica'lis, from radix, 'a root.' 
 A radical cure, enra radica'lis, is one in which 
 the disease is destroyed, as it were, from the root. 
 It is used in opposition to palliative cure. 
 
 Radical Moisture, Humidum radioale 
 
KADICES 
 
 740 
 
 BALE 
 
 Radical Vessels, Yas'cular Bad' ides, (F.) 
 Badteules vasculairea, are the small vessels that 
 take their origin in the tissues, and by their 
 union form larger vessels. 
 
 RADICES OSSIS HYOIDEI, Cornua ossis 
 hyoidei. 
 
 RADICIS'ECA, from radix, radicis, 'a root,' 
 and gecare, 'to cut.' One employed in collecting 
 and preparing plants was formerly so called. 
 RADICULA, Raphanus hortensis. 
 BADICULES YASCULAIEES, Radical ves- 
 sels. 
 
 RADII CILIARES, Ciliary processes. 
 Radii Feontis. The folds or wrinkles of the 
 forehead. 
 
 RADIO-CARPAL, Eadio-earpia'nus. That 
 •which relates to the radius and carpus. 
 
 Radio-Carpal Aeticulat^ion is the torist joint, 
 or articulation of the os scaphoides, os semilunare, 
 and OS cuneiforme of the carpus with the inferior 
 surface of the radius, and the fibro-cartilage, situ- 
 ate below the ulna. It is strengthened by lateral, 
 anterior, and posterior ligaments. 
 
 Radio-Caepal Teaksverse Palmar Artery, 
 CF.) Artere Badio -cai-pienne- transver sale -pal - 
 maire. A transverse branch, given off by the 
 radial artery, opposite the lower edge of the pro- 
 nator quadratus, which sends several branches to 
 the anterior or palmar surface of the carpus. 
 
 BADIO-CUTANE {NERF,) see Cutaneous— 
 r. Phalangettien du pouce, Flexor longus pollicis 
 manus. 
 
 RADIOLUS, Sound. 
 
 RADIO-MUS'CULAR, Badio-mvsciila'ris. A 
 name given to the branches sent off from the ra- 
 dial artery to the muscles of the forearm in the 
 first part of its course ; as well as to the nervous 
 filaments which the radial nerve sends to the 
 same muscles. 
 
 BADIS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 RADISH, Raphanus hortensis — r. "Water, Nas- 
 turtium amphibium. 
 
 RADIUS, 'a spoke:' — so called from its shape. 
 Cercis, Foc"ile minvs seu superius, Canna minor, 
 Os adoubita'le, Additamen'tum ulnm, Manu'hriuin 
 mavils, Parape'chyon, Arun'do hra'chii minor, 
 (F.) Os du Rayon. A long, prismatic bone, the 
 upper and lesser extremity of which is called the 
 head. This is supported by a cervix or neck. 
 At the part where the neck is confounded with 
 the body of the bone is the tvhercle or bicipital 
 tnlerosity or eminence for the insertion of the 
 biceps. The radius is articulated, above, with 
 the OS humeri and with the lesser sigmoid cavity 
 of the ulna : below, with the scaphoides, semilu- 
 nare, and the head of the ulna. Its inferior ex- 
 tremity, which is larger than the superior, is flat- 
 tened before and behind : is irregularly quadri- 
 lateral ; and has, below, a double facette to be 
 articulated with the first two bones of the carpus. 
 On the outer side is the styloid process ; and, on 
 the inner, a concave facette, which joins the ulna. 
 I'ehind, are grooves for the passage of the exten- 
 sor tendons. The radius is developed from three 
 points of ossification ; one for the body, and one 
 i'l.T each extremity. 
 
 RADIUS, COL DU, Collum radii. 
 RA'DIX, Rhiza. A root: also, the male organ. 
 Riidix, Root or fang of a tooth, is the part con- 
 tained in the alveolus. The radix or root of the 
 nail is the portion hidden under the skin, &c. 
 Surgeons give the name to the prolongations, 
 sont by scirrhous, cancerous, or other tumours 
 juto the neighbouring parts. 
 
 Five Aperient Roofs, Qiiinqrie radi'ces apc- 
 rien'tes, were, of old, asparagus, butchers' broom, 
 fi;nnel, parsley, and smallage. 
 
 Five Lfxscr Aperient Roots, Quinque radi'ces 
 
 aperien 'tea mino 'res, — were caper, dandelioD; 
 eryngo, madder, and rest-harrow. 
 
 Radix Asclepiadis Crispa, see Gomphocar- 
 pus crispus — r. Braziliensis, Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Radix Cordis, Basis Cordis. The base of th* 
 heart. 
 
 Radix Indica Lopezia^'A, Lopez radix — r- 
 Linguae, see Tongue — r. Lopeziana, Lopez radix 
 — r. Ninsi, Slum ninsi — r. Rubra, Rubia — r. Ser- 
 pentum, see Ophiorrhiza mungos — r. Unguis, 
 Nail, root of — r. Ventris, Umbilicus. 
 RADULA, Raspatorium. 
 
 RADZYGE, Badzyyin, Badesyc/e, Badezyge, 
 Thm'ria, properly Theria, from Byjpiov, ('eXkos.) 
 ' a malignant ulcer.' Lepra borea'lis seu Norve- 
 gica, JSlorwe'gian Lep'rony. A name given, in 
 Norway, to a disease, bearing considerable ana- 
 logy to the yaws. Some have esteemed it a spe- 
 cies of lepra or elephantiasis. 
 
 Another form — the Spedahhe, or Spedalskhed 
 — of Norway, appears to be :: variety of elephan- 
 tiasis Grascorum. 
 
 RAGE, Ira, Furor brevis, Orge, Thymos, (F.) 
 Colere. Violent passion, characterized by con- 
 traction of the muscles of the face, violence in 
 every movement, extreme irritation of the ner- 
 vous system, acceleration of the blood's motion, 
 and redness and swelling of the face. 
 Rage, Rhage. 
 BAGE, Hydrophobia, 
 
 RAGWEED, Ambrosia elatior — r. Great, Am- 
 brosia trifida. 
 
 RAGWORT, Senecio Jaeobfea. 
 BAIDEUB CADAVEBIQUE, Rigor mortis. 
 BAIFORT, Raphanus hortensis — r. Sauvage, 
 Cochlearia armoracia, 
 
 RAINBOW-WORM, Herpes iris. , 
 RAINURE, Groove — r. Digastrique, Mastoid 
 groove. 
 
 RAISIN, see Vitis vinifera — r. d'Ameriqne, 
 Phytolacca decandra — r. de Bois, Vacciniuui 
 myrtillus — r. d'Ours, Arbutus uva ursi — r. de 
 Renard, Paris. 
 
 BAISINIEBE (F.) A name given to a small 
 granular, brownish or blackish tumour, which 
 forms occasionally at the surface of the eorncti,. 
 in consequence of ulcers or accidental wounds oi 
 that membrane. — Nysten. 
 
 RAISINS, Uv83 passre, see Vitus vinifera — o. 
 de Corinthe, see Vitus Corinthiaca. 
 BAISON, Reason. 
 
 RAKASIRA. An American balsam ; of a 
 brownish or brownish-red colour; semi-transpa-« 
 rent; brittle; softening and becoming tenacious 
 by heat ; inodorous when cold, but exhaling a. 
 very agreeable smell when heated ; and possessing 
 a balsamic and slightly bitter taste. The precibo 
 vegetable that furnishes it is not known. It has 
 been used chiefly as a balsam in gonorrhoea and 
 urinary aifeetions. 
 RAKIA, see Spirit. 
 RAKOSIS, Rachosis. 
 
 BALE, Battle, Blionchus, RJiencJitis, BJien-vi.', 
 from (D.) Ratel; Bhoncns, Cerchnns, Bhogmox, 
 (F.) B/ile. Noise produced by the air in passing 
 through mucus, of wliich the lungs arc unable t'.> 
 free themselves. This condition is chiefly obser- 
 ved at the approach of death, and is comuionly 
 called, " the rattles." 
 
 The term BO.le has been given to difl'ercnt 
 sounds during respiration, caused by the air 
 passing through fluid contained in the bronchi, 
 or areolffi of the pulmonary tissue ; which ai'e 
 perceived by the stethoscope. 
 
 RALE BBONCIIIQUE SEC, R&le sonore—r. 
 Bronchiqne humidc, R. mvqucux — r. Cavernevx, 
 Gurgling — r. Ciivernideux, see Gurgling — r. Cr6- 
 
SALE 
 
 m 
 
 RANUNCULUS 
 
 pitant, Rhonchus crep'itans, see Crepitant — r. c. ' 
 Eedtix, see Crepitant. 
 
 RALE 3IUQUEUX, Rhon'cMs muco'sus, Mu- 
 cous Rattle, R. hronchique humide. The sound 
 produced by the passage of air through mucus ac- 
 cumulated in the larger bronchi or trachea, or 
 through softened tubercular matter. This rale 
 occurs in catarrh, and in softened tubercle. 
 When carried to a very high degree, it consti- 
 tutes gurgling, (F.) Gargouillement. The siib- 
 crep'itant rhonchus, (F.) Rdle sous-crepitant, is 
 produced by the bubbling of air through liquid 
 of variable consistence in the minute bronchial 
 tubes. When heard at the base of both lungs, it 
 is a sign of capillary bronchitis. When heard at 
 one base only, it is generally connected with tu- 
 berculosis higher up. 
 
 RALE SIBILANT, Rhon'chus sib'Hus seu sih'- 
 ilans, Sih'ilant Rattle. A slight, though pro- 
 longed, whistling sound, occurring either at the 
 commencement of inspiration, or of expiration, 
 owing to the presence of mucus, thin and viscid, 
 but not abundant, which obstructs, more or less 
 completely, the smaller bronchial ramifications. 
 It is seated in the small tubes, and occurs in 
 the first stage of bronchitis. The clicking and 
 whistling varieties differ, in the former being 
 short, the latter prolonged. The former is a 
 quick sharp sibilus or whistle, which ceases al- 
 most instantaneously; the latter a prolonged 
 sibulus, of less sharpness, lasting almost the 
 whole time of the movement which it accompa- 
 nies. To these may be added the hissing vari- 
 ety, the name sufficiently indicating its character. 
 
 RALE SONORE, Rale hronchique sec, R. ron- 
 flant, Rhonchus sono'rus, Sono'rous Rattle. A 
 sound resembling at times the snoring — (F.) Ron- 
 Jlement — of a person asleep ; at others the sound 
 of the bass string of an instrument when rubbed 
 with the finger, and not unfrequently the cooing 
 — (F.) Roucoulement — of a dove. It seems to be 
 caused by a contraction of the bronchial tubes, 
 and is characteristic of chronic catarrh. 
 
 RALE SOUS-CREPITANT, see R&le mu- 
 queux. 
 
 RALE VESICULAIRE, see Crepitation. 
 
 RAMEAU, Ramus. 
 
 EAMEN'TA INTESTINO'RUM, (F.) Ra- 
 idures des Boyaux. The shreds or scrapings, as it 
 were, of the mucous membrane of the bowels, 
 often discharged in malignant dysentery. The 
 evacuation in which these are contained has been 
 termed Diachore'ma xysmato'des. 
 
 RAMENTUM, Fragment, Scobs. 
 
 RAMEX, Hernia — r. Varicosus, Varicocele. 
 
 RAMIFICA'TION, Ramifica'tio, from ramus, 
 * a branch,' and y?o, 'to become.' A division of 
 arteries, veins, or nerves into branches. Also, a 
 branch itself. 
 
 RAMILLE, Ramusculus. 
 
 RAMOLLISSEMENT, Mollities— r. du Cer- 
 veau, Mollities cerebri — r. du Cveur, Cardiomala- 
 eia — r. de I'Estomac, Gastromalacia — r. du Foie, 
 Hepatomalacia — r. Gris, see Hepatization — r. de 
 la 3foelle epiniere, Mollities medullee spinalis — 
 r. Rouge, see Hepatization — r. de I'Intestin, En- 
 tero-malaoia — r. des 0«, Mollities ossium. 
 
 RAMPANT, (F.) ramper, 'to climb.' Repens. 
 Reptans. That which creeps or drags on the 
 earth. The French Bandage rampant has the 
 folds arranged spirally around the part, leaving 
 intervals between them. It is a retentive ban- 
 dage, but is easily displaced, and, therefore, not 
 employed. 
 
 RAMPES DU LIMAQON, Scalte of the 
 cochlea. 
 
 RAMPHOS, Rostrum, 
 RAMULUS, Ramusculus. 
 RAMUNCULUS, Ramusculus. 
 RAMUS, Clados, a branch, (F.) Rameau. A 
 division of an artery, vein, or nerve. Also, tho 
 male organ. 
 
 Ramus iTurior Septim^ Conjugationis, Fa- 
 cial nerve. 
 
 RAMUS 'CULUS, Ram'ulus, Ramun' cuius, 
 Sur' cuius, Cladis'cos, diminutive of ramus. A 
 division of a ramus. (F.) Ramuscule, Ramille. 
 
 RANA ESCULEN'TA, (F.) Grenouille. This 
 frog and the bull-frog, Rana Tauri'na — are eaten 
 as a delicacy. They are nutritious, and easily 
 digested. 
 
 Rana, Ranula. 
 
 RANGE, Rancid. 
 
 RANCID, Ran'cidus, Sapros, (F.) Ranee, from 
 rancere, ' to be stale.' An epithet given to fatty 
 bodies, which have become acrid from age or the 
 contact of air. Mild ointments may thus become 
 very irritating, and unfit for the purposes for 
 which they were originally intended. 
 
 RANINE, Rani'na ; from Rana, 'a frog.' 
 The termination of the lingual artery is so called ; 
 that is, the portion of the artery which advances 
 horizontally between the genio-glossus and lin- 
 gualis muscles as far as the point of the tongue. 
 The ranine vein follows the same course as the 
 artery, and opens into the internal jugular or in- 
 to the superior thyroid. 
 
 RAN'ULA, from Rana, 'a frog,' so called from 
 its resemblance ; Dyspha' gia Ranula, Emphrag'- 
 ma saliva're. Frog Ihngtie, Ba'trachos, Batra'- 
 chium, Hydroglos'sa, Hypoglossis, Eypoglossum, 
 Hypoglot'tis, Hypoglos' sixm, Rana, (F.) Grenouil- 
 lette. A small, soft, fluctuating, and semi-trans- 
 parent tumour, which forms under the tongue, 
 owing to the accumulation of saliva in Wharton's 
 duct. In order to give exit to the accumulated 
 fluid, and to establish a permanent opening for 
 the discharge of the saliva, the cyst may be punc- 
 tued, and the opening maintained by a minute 
 cylinder, with a button at each extremity, as has 
 been recommended by Dupuytren; or a portion of 
 the cyst may be removed by the scissors, and the 
 mouth be frequently washed by any astringent 
 lotion. Sometimes, the salivary duct is found 
 plugged by a small calculus. 
 
 Ranula Lapidea, see Calculi, salivary. 
 
 RANUN' CULUS, (F.) RenoncuU. Family 
 Ranunculacese. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygy- 
 nia. A genus of plants, most of the species of 
 which, when taken internally, act as acrid poi- 
 sons. See Poison. They are, also, acrid and 
 vesicant, when applied to the skin, and have ac- 
 cordingly been often used as counter-irritants. 
 The following species answer to this description. 
 
 Ranunculus Abortivus, Small Jloioered Croio- 
 foot, GhicJcen-pepper. 
 
 Ranunculus Acris, R. praten'sis seu Stevenii 
 seu ru'fulus seu sylvat'icus seu Sic'ulus, Upright 
 Meadow Crowfoot, Butter Cups, Yellow-tveed, 
 Blister-weed, Pilewort, Burwort, Meadow-bloom, 
 Yellows, (F.) Bouton d'or. 
 
 Ranunculus Albus, Anemone nemorosa. 
 
 Ranunculus Aquaticus, R. sceleratus. 
 
 Ranunculus Bulbo'sus, R. Imtus, Ranuncu- 
 lus (Ph. U. S.), Bulbous-rooted Crowfoot, (F.) 
 Renoncule bidbeuse. Bassinet. 
 
 Ranunculus Digitatus, R. sceleratus. 
 
 Ranunculus Declinatus, R. flammula. 
 
 Ranunculus Fica'ria, Chelido'nitim minus, 
 Scrophula'ria minor, Fica'ria ranunculoV des^ 
 seu verna seu commu'nis, Chelido'nia rotnndifo'lia 
 minor, Cur'suma hmmorrhoida'lis herha, Ranut^. 
 
RAPA 
 
 742 
 
 EASTETA 
 
 cuius verniw seupreecox ^gole'thron, Lesser celan- 
 dine, Pilewort, (F.) Petite Ghelidoine, Petite Ec- 
 laire, Ficaire. The leaves and root have been 
 used medicinally; — the leaves as an antiscorbu- 
 tic: the root as a cataplasm in piles. 
 
 ilANUNCULtrs Flam' MTTLA, E. declina'tus, Flam'- 
 mula, Surrec'ta alba, Smaller Water Crowfoot, 
 Lesser Speartoort, (F.) Petite Douve. 
 
 Ranunculus Illyricus. 
 
 Ranunculus Lingua. 
 
 Ranunculus L^etus, R. bulbosus — r. Nemo- 
 rosus, Anemone nemorosa — r. Palustris, R. sce- 
 leratus — r. Pratensis, R. acris. 
 
 Ranunculus Pennsylvanictjs, Bristly Crow- 
 foot. 
 
 Ranunculus PrjECOX, R. flcaria. 
 
 Ranunculus Pubes'cens. Grows in ditches 
 and marshes in South Africa. The expressed juice 
 is used by the Cape Colonists in cancerous ulcers. 
 
 Ranunculus Rufulus, R. acris. 
 
 Ranunculus Scelera'tus, B. Pahis'tris seu 
 vmhella'tus seu digita'tus seu aquat'icus, Bisus 
 A'pium, Hecato'nia palus'tris, Marsh Crowfoot. 
 
 Ranunculus Siculus, R. acris — r. Stevenii, 
 R. acris — r. Vernus, R. ficaria — r. Virginianus, 
 Lobelia syphilitica. — r. Umbellatus, R. seelera- 
 tus. 
 
 RAPA NAPUS, Brassiea rapa — r. Rotunda, 
 Brassica rapa. 
 
 RAPE, Brassiea napus, Stuprum. 
 
 RAPHANB'DON, from /ja^avij, ' a radish, like 
 a radish.' Bhaphanedon. A transverse fracture 
 of along bone, leaving no splinters; — what has 
 been called, in France, Fracture en rave. 
 
 RAPHA'NIA, Convul'sio Baphania,Bhapha'- 
 nia, Morhns si^asmod' icus malig'niis sen papula' - 
 i-is, M. Silesiacus, Eelamp'sia typho'des, Sync'- 
 loniw Bajihania. Linnaeus gives this name to a 
 convulsive disease, not uncommon in Germany 
 and Sweden, and which has been attributed to 
 the seeds of the Baph'anus Bapihanis'trum seu 
 sylves'tris, Baphanis'trum seg"etum seu arvense, 
 Bajnstrum, being mixed with the corn. The con- 
 vulsions are seated in the limbs, and are attended 
 •with acute pain. See Convulsio cerealis. 
 
 Raphania Maiztica, Pellagra. 
 
 RAPHANIS, Raphanus hortensis — r. Magna, 
 Cochlearia armoracia. 
 
 RHAPHANISTRUM ARVENSE, see Ra- 
 phania. 
 
 RAPHANUS, R. hortensis. 
 
 Raph'anus Horten'sis, Baphanus, B. sati'vus 
 seu niger, Baph'anis, Bhaph'anus, Badic'ula, 
 Bhaphys, Baphys, Bhaps, Bapiys, liadish, (F.) 
 Eaifort, Badis. Family, Cruciferse, Sex. Syst. 
 Tetradynamia Siliquosa. The root of this plant 
 is a common esculent. It has, also, been given 
 as a diuretic in calculous aflfections. The juice, 
 made into a syrup, is exhibited to relieve hoarse- 
 ness. Radishes have long been celebrated as an- 
 ti-scorbutics. 
 
 Raphanus Marinus, Cochlearia armoracia — 
 r. Raphanistrum, see Raphania — r. Rusticanus, 
 Cochlearia armoracia — r. Sylvestris, see Rapha- 
 nia. 
 
 RAPHE, Bhaphe, 'a suture.' A name given to 
 prominent lines resembling a raised stitch. Such 
 is the raphe or tramis which divides the scrotum 
 into two parts, and which extends from the ante- 
 rior part of the anus to the extremity of the pe- 
 nis. The name Baphe seu Litiea Media'na seu 
 Sutu'ra cor'poris callo'si exter'na seu chorda lon- 
 yitudina'lis, is, also, given to two prominent lines 
 which are longitudinal and parallel, and are 
 soen at thi apper surface of the corpus callosum, 
 extending from the anterior to the posterior ex- 
 tremity of that commissure. 
 
 RAPHEX, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 RAPHIANKIS'TRON, from f>a(piov, 'a needle,' 
 and ayKicrpov, 'a hook.' An instrument em- 
 ployed in the formation of artificial pupil. 
 
 RAPHION, Needle. 
 
 RAPHIS, Needle. 
 
 RAPHYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RAPISTRUM, see Raphania. 
 
 BAPPOBT (F.), Bela'tio, Benuncia'tio. A 
 deposition made by a ph3'sieian or surgeon to 
 prove the condition of a person, the nature of a 
 disease, the existence or non-existence of preg- 
 nancy, sudden or violent death, itc. Formerly, 
 there were the Bapports dennnciatifs, made at the 
 desire of the injured or their friends, and intended 
 to point out to the judges the details of the crime 
 or misdemeanor, — the Bapiports provisoires, the 
 object of which was to oVjtain provisions for the 
 injured individual, both as regarded food and 
 medicine, and to defray the expenses of prosecu- 
 tion; — and Bcqiports mixtes, or those which were 
 both denonciatifs and provisoires. At present, 
 reports or depositions are generally divided into 
 judiciary, or those which serve to throw light on 
 the subject matter of any civil or criminal cause; 
 and administrative, which afford information on 
 subjects relating to any branch of the public ad- 
 ministration, as on the nuisance, or otherwise, of 
 certain establishments, the character of any epi- 
 demic, &c. 
 
 BAPPOBT, Eructation. 
 
 RAPTUS POST-TERGANEUS, Opisthotonos. 
 
 RAPUM MAJUS, Brassica rapa. 
 
 RAPUNTIUM SYPHILITICUM, Lobelia sy- 
 philitica. 
 
 BAPUBE, Rasura. 
 
 RAPYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 BAQUETTE, Cactus opuntia. 
 
 RAREFA'CIENS, Barifa'eiens, Araot'icm, 
 (F.) Earefiant from rarus, 'rare,' and /aeere, 'to 
 make.' Medicines were so termed, which were 
 supposed to be possessed of the power of giving 
 more bulk or extension to the blood or other 
 humours. 
 
 BABEFIANT, Rarefaciens. 
 
 RARIFACIENS, Rarefaciens. 
 
 RA'RITAS, (F.) Burets. Rarity; scantiness; 
 fewness. 
 
 Raritas Den'tium. a large space between the 
 teeth, which appear to be, and may be, too few. 
 
 RASCATIO, Excreation. 
 
 RASCETA, Carpus, Malleolus— r. Pedis, Tar- 
 sus. 
 
 RASCHA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
 ■' RASETA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
 
 RASETTA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
 
 RASH, Exanthem — r. Fever, Scarlatina — r. 
 Lichenous, Lichen — r. Mulberry, see Typhus — r. 
 Nettle, Urticaria — r. Rose, Roseola — r. Summer, 
 Lichen tropicus — r. Tooth, Strophulus. 
 
 BASOIB, Razor. 
 
 RASORISM. The Italian medical doctrine 
 of contro-stimulus, of which Rasori was tho 
 founder. 
 
 RASORIUM, Raspatorium. 
 
 RASPATO'RIUM, Baso'rium, Bat'iila, Scat- 
 prum raso'rium. Xyster, Xyste'rium, Xystrum, 
 Bad'ula, Bunci'na, Buncin'uln, Scalprum, (F. ) 
 Engine, Grattoir. An instrument used for rasp- 
 ing bones, to detach the periosteum, — either in 
 certain surgical operations, or for anatomical pur- 
 poses. 
 
 RASPBERRY, Rubus idteus— r. Ground, Hy. 
 drastis Cnnadensis- — r. Wild, Rubus strigosus. 
 
 RASSETA PEDIS, Tarsus. 
 
 RASTETA, Carpus, MaUeolus. 
 
RASURA 
 
 743 
 
 RECLINATION 
 
 RASU'RA, Xyama, Xysmos, (F.) Rapiire, from 
 radere^ rasum, 'to scrape.' A rasure, or scratch, 
 or erosion. Also, the rasping or shaving of any 
 substance ; as Hasu'rce Cornu Oervi, Hartshorn 
 shavings. 
 
 Rasura, Scobs. 
 
 RATAFI'A. A liquor prepared by imparting 
 to ardent spirits the flavour of various kinds of 
 fruits, adding sugar. 
 
 RATANHT, Krameria ratanhia — r. of the An- 
 tilles, Erameria ixina. 
 
 BATE, Spleen. 
 
 RATELEUX, Spleneticus. 
 
 R ATELIER, see Dentier. 
 
 RATIO, Rationa'litas, from reor, ratns, *to 
 think.' A reason, a cause, an explanation, a 
 mode or manner; as Ratio symptom' alum, an ex- 
 planation of the symptoms, — Ratio meden'di, 
 Gentis curatio'nis, Via eurandi; the mode or 
 manner of cure. 
 
 Ratio, Reason — r. Medendi, see Ratio — r. 
 Symptomatum, see Ratio. 
 
 RAT'TONAL, Rationa'lis. That which is 
 conformable to reason. This epithet is often op- 
 posed to empirical ; as rational treatment. The 
 French, also, say Signes rationales, in opposition 
 to Signes sensihles. See Organic. 
 
 RATIOJfALITAS, Ratio. 
 
 RATSBANE, Arsenious acid. 
 
 RATTLE, Rdle. 
 
 RATTLES, THE, see Rale. 
 
 RATTLEBUSH, Sophora tinctoria. 
 
 RATTLESNAKE, Crotalus horridus— r. Leaf, 
 Goodyera pubescens — r. Plantain, Goodyera pu- 
 bescens — r. Root, Nabalus albus, Polygala senega, 
 Trillium latifolium — r. Weed, Hieracium venosum. 
 
 RATTLESNAKE'S MASTER, Agave Virgi- 
 nica, Liatris scariosa, Nabalus albus. 
 
 RATTLEWEED, Acteea raeemosa. 
 
 RATULA, Raspatorium. 
 
 RAUCE'DO, Rau'citas, Parapho'nia ravca, 
 Asper'itas Arte'ricB as'percB, Vox rauca, Bran- 
 chiis, Hoarseness, (F.) Enrouement, Raiieite. A 
 change in the voice, which loses its smoothness 
 and becomes low and obscure. It is a common 
 symptom in diseases of the larynx and trachea. 
 
 Raucedo Catareha'lis. Hoarseness from 
 eold. 
 
 RAUCITx\S, Raucedo. 
 
 i?^C^C/r J, Raucedo. 
 
 RAUCOUS, Raucus. Hoarse ; as a raucous 
 voice — Vox rauca seu raucis'ona. 
 
 RA VE, Brassiea rapa. 
 
 RA YONNE, Radiated. 
 
 RAYONS SOUS-IRIENS, Ciliary processes. 
 
 RAZOR, Culter Tonsor'ius, Machm'ris, Norac'- 
 vla, Xyrum, Xyrus, (P.) Rasoir, from radere, 
 rasum, ' to shave.' An instrument for shaving. 
 Used in surgery to remove hairs, where they 
 would interfere with any operation. 
 
 REACHING, Vomiturition. 
 
 REACTION, Reac'tio, from re, 'again,' and 
 agere, actum, 'to act.' An action of resistance 
 to a power applied. A species of vital move- 
 ment or excitement, tending to prevent or de- 
 stroy the effects of any noxious power applied to 
 the animal economy, and which, by some, has 
 been attributed to the vis medicatrix naturm. 
 It is certainly dependent on the organic instinc- 
 tive actions of the frame. It is the state of acti- 
 vity which succeeds the action on the nervous 
 system of certain morbific influences. 
 
 REAL'GAR, Realgal, Arlada, Arladar, Auri- 
 jnymen'tum ruhrum, Arsen'ieum ruhrum facti"- 
 tiwn, Ahesal, Sandara'cha GrcBco'rum, Red Sul- 
 
 phuref of Mercury. A violent poison. Seo 
 Poison. 
 
 REASON, Ra'tio, Logos, (F.) Raiwn. Same 
 etymon as Ratio. The faculty or property of the 
 mind by means of which man perceives the dis- 
 tinction between right and wrong, in physics as 
 well as in morals. Reason is a just conclusion 
 resulting from the comparison of two ideas, by 
 virtue of which we form a judgment. 
 
 REBOLEA, Mummy. 
 
 REBONA, Mummy. 
 
 REBOUTEUR, Renoueur. 
 
 RECEIVER, Amjndla, (F.) Ballon, Reci;uent. 
 In pharmacy, a wide-necked globular vessel, tho 
 neck of which widens gradually outwards, to 
 receive the tapering beak of the retort in distilla- 
 tion. Like the retort, the receiver may be j^lai^ 
 or tubulated. 
 
 A quilled receiver is one that has a tapering 
 tube from its lower surface, which is inserted into 
 a graduated bottle through a cork joint, when it 
 is desirable to know accurately the amount of 
 fluid that has passed over. 
 
 RECEPTACULA DUR^ MATRIS, Sinuses 
 of the dnra mater. 
 
 RECEPTAC'ULUM CHYLI, 'receptacle of 
 the chyle;' R. Pecquet'i seu Pecquetia'num, Bi- 
 verso'rium Chyli, Stagnum chyli, Sac'culus chy'- 
 lifer seu ro'rifer, Saccus lac'teus, Al'veus ampul- 
 lo'sus seu ampulles'cens, Vtric'uliis lacteus, Ve- 
 sic'ula chyli, Ampul'la chylif'era seu chyli, Gis- 
 ter'na lumba'ris, C. Chyli, Ghylocys'tis, Chylodo- 
 chi'um, Lat'ices lactei. Lumbar cistern. Reservoir 
 of Pecquet, (F.) Reservoir du chyle, R. de Pec- 
 quet, Citerne lomhaire. A considerable dilatation 
 of the thoracic duct, in front of the lumbar region 
 of the vertebral column. It is the commence- 
 ment of the duct. 
 
 Receptac'ulum Cotux'nii. a triangular 
 space, formed by a separation of the two lamina; 
 of the dura mater of the internal ear, near the 
 middle of the posterior surface of the pars pe- 
 trosa of the temporal bone, where the aquseduc- 
 tus vestibuli terminates. It is always filled with 
 the Fluid of Cotugno. 
 
 RECEPTAC0LUM Pecqceti, R. Chyli — r. Sella? 
 equinifi lateribus appositum, Cavernous sinus. 
 
 RECEPTIVITY, Receptiv'itas, (F.) Recepti- 
 vite, from reeipere, receptum, ' to receive.' A 
 word used by Tissot to express the susceptibility 
 of certain organs to receive morbific impressions. 
 
 RECEPTUM, Prescription. 
 
 RECESSIO. Paroxysm. 
 
 RECESSUS, Abscess, Sinus — r. Sulciformis, 
 see Fovea vestibuli. 
 
 RECHAMALCA, Racharaelca. 
 
 RECHUTE, see Relapse. 
 
 RECIDIVA MORBI, Relapse. 
 
 RECIBIVE, see Relapse. 
 
 RECIPE, (L.) {re, and capere, 'to take.') 
 A Latin word which signifies 'take,' (F.) Prenez, 
 and with which prescriptions are commenced. 
 It is, often, represented by R, R, and wns for- 
 merly by il, the symbol of Jove. See Abbrevia- 
 tion. 
 
 RECIPIENT, Receiver. 
 
 RECIPROCATION, VIBRATIONS OF, see 
 Sound. 
 
 RECLINATIO, Reclination— r. Palpebrarum, 
 Ectropion. 
 
 RECLINA'TION, Reclina'tio, from reclinare, 
 {re, and clinare, 'to bend,') 'to bend back.' A 
 mode of operating for the cataract, which con 
 sists in applying the needle in a certain manne» 
 to the anterior surface of the cataract and de- ' 
 pressing it into the vitreous humour, in such a 
 way, that the front surface of the cataract is tha 
 upper one and its back gurface the lower one. 
 
RECLUSOR 
 
 744 
 
 RECTUS 
 
 RECLUSOR PALPEBRARUM, Levator pal- 
 jebrse superioris. 
 
 RECOMPOSITION, Metasynchrisis. 
 
 RECONVALESCENTIA, Convalescence. 
 
 RECORD ATIO, Memory. 
 
 RECORD ATUS, Memory. 
 
 RECORPORATIVUS, Metasyncritic. 
 
 RECOVERY, Restanratio. 
 
 RECREATIO, Restauratio. 
 
 RECREMENT, Recremen'tum, from re, and 
 r.ernere, cretum, ' to sift.' A humour, Tvliieh, after 
 having been separated from the blood, is again 
 returned to it ; such as the saliva, the secretion 
 of serous membranes, &(i. Such fluid is said to 
 t)e recrementitial, (F.) Hicrementeux, Mecremen- 
 
 RECREMENTA VESICAE, Urine. 
 
 RECREMEN'TO-EXCREMENTIT"IAL. 
 Applied to secreted fluids, as the saliva, bile, &c., 
 which are in part reabsorbed and in part excreted. 
 
 RECREMENTUM, Recrement. 
 
 RECRUDESCEN'TIA, Palmcote'sis, Recrti- 
 dea'cenee, from re, 'again,' and crudus, 'raw.' 
 An increase of a disease after a temporary re- 
 mission. 
 
 RECTAL, Recta'lis. Appertaining, or relating 
 to, the recturq, — as 'rectal tube.' See Tube, 
 rectal. 
 
 RECTIFICA'TION, Reetijica'tio, from rectnm 
 faeere, ' to make right.' An operation by which 
 certain liquids are purified by distilling them 
 either singly or after admixture with other sub- 
 stances. 
 
 RBCTFTIS. A hybrid word, from rectum, 
 and itis, denoting inflammation ; properly archi- 
 tk, or proctitis. Inflammation of the rectum. 
 Proctitis, ProetaV gia inflammato'ria. 
 
 RECTOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the rectum. 
 
 RECTO-VAG"INAL, Recto-vagina'lis. That 
 which relates or belongs to the rectum or vagina. 
 
 Recto-vaginal Fistula is owing to a preter- 
 natural communication between the rectum and 
 vagina, through the above septum. 
 
 Recto-vaginal Septum, (F.) Cloison recto- 
 r.aginale, is formed by the junction — back to 
 back — (or by what the French term adossement) 
 of the rectum and vagina. It separates these 
 two canals from each other. 
 
 RECTO- VES'ICAL, Recto-vesica'lis. Having 
 relation to the rectum and bladder; as the "recto- 
 vesical fold or pouch" of the peritoneum, between 
 the rectum and bladder. 
 
 RECTUM; so called from a notion that it is 
 straight. It is not so. Intesti'nuvi Rectum, 
 Apeuthys'menos, Euthyen'teron, Longaon, Longas, 
 Longanon, Archos, Cys'saros, Princeps, Monoco'- 
 lon (?). The third and last portion of the great 
 intestine. It forms the continuation of the sig- 
 moid flexure of the colon, occupies the posterior 
 part of the pelvis, and extends from the left side 
 of the sacro-vertebral articulation to the coccyx, 
 before which it opens outwards by the orifice 
 called the anus. It is cylindrical, but saccated, 
 as it were, at its inferior portion, where it is con- 
 sequently larger, and is attached to the sacrum 
 by the mesorectum. Like the other portions of 
 the cansil it is formed of three membranes. To- 
 wards the lower extremity, some parallel and 
 longitudinal wrinkles are observable on its inner 
 surface : these are the Columns, Colum'nm car'- 
 nem of the Rectum or of Morgagni, (P.) Colonncs 
 iln rectum ou de Morgagni. They are merely 
 Folds of the mucous memlsrane, between which is 
 a number of Lacunrg. The arteries of the rectum 
 HFC Eumerous. They proceed from the inferior 
 mesenteric, hypogastric, and internal pudic, and 
 are called hemorrhoidal. The veins open, partly 
 
 into the hypogastric vein, partly into the infentr 
 mesenteric. The nerves proceed from the sciatic 
 and hypogastric plexuses. The rectum receives 
 the fsocal matters, as they pass from the colon, 
 which serves as a reservoir. 
 
 RECTUS ABDOMINIS, (F.) Puhio-sterval, 
 Sterno-pnhien (Ch.), Droit de I'abdomen. A long 
 flat muscle, situate at the anterior part of the 
 abdomen, and separated from that of the opposite 
 side by the linea alba. It is attached, above, to 
 the cartilages of the last three true ribs; and, 
 below, to the pubis by a very strong tendon, the 
 outer edge of which is continuous with the fascia 
 transversalis. This muscle is enclosed in an 
 aponeurotic sheath; and, in its course, has. three 
 or four transverse aponeurotic intersections. It 
 bends the chest on the pelvis, and conversely. 
 
 Rectus Anterior Brevis, Rectus capitis in- 
 ternus minor — r. Anterior longus, R. capitis in- 
 ternns major — r. Capitis anticus longus, R. c. 
 internus major. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Inteknus Major, R, intemua 
 major, R. anterior longiis. Rectus capitis anti'cus 
 longus, (F. ) Trachelo-hasilaire, Grand droit an- 
 terieur de la tete. This muscle is long in pro- 
 portion to its breadth, flat, and broader above 
 than below. It is situate at the anterior and 
 lateral part of the neck, and arises from the 
 transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, 
 and sixth cervical vertebrsae. It is inserted into 
 the»basilary process of the occipital bone. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Internus Minor, R, internus 
 minor, Ren'uens, An'nuens, R, anterior brevis, 
 (F.) Petit trachelo-hasilaire, Petit droit anterieur 
 de la tete. This is situate deeper than the last. 
 It is thin, flattened, irregularly quadrilateral, 
 and passes from the anterior surface of the body 
 of the first vertebra, near the origin of the trans- 
 verse process, to be inserted into the basilary 
 process. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Latera'lis, R. lateralis Fal- 
 lo'pii, Transversa' lis anti'cus primus. Rectus late- 
 ralis, (F.) Trachelo-atloido-hasilaire, Atlo'ido- 
 sous-occipital (Ch.), Droit lateral de la tete. 
 There is a muscle of this name on each side of 
 the head. It is flat, quadrilateral, and passes 
 from the transverse process of the atlas to the 
 occiput, behind the jugular fossa. It inclines the 
 head to one side. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Posti'cus Major, R. Ifajor, 
 R. Capitis posti'cus minor (Albinus), Spini-a.c- 
 o'ido-occipita'lis, (F.) Axo'ido-occipitale (Ch.), 
 Grand droit posterieur de la tete. A flat, trian- 
 gular muscle, situate at the posterior and superior 
 part of the neck. It extends from the spinous 
 process of the second cervical vertebra to the 
 external surface of the lower semicircular ridge 
 of the occipital bone. This muscle extends the 
 head, inclines it to one side, and causes it to ex- 
 perience a rotary motion, which directs the face 
 to its side. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Posti'cus Minor, R. minot, 
 (F.) Ttiber- atln'ido- occipital, Atlo'ido- occipital 
 (Ch.), Petit droit posterieicr de la tete. A flat, 
 triangular muscle, situate beneath the last, which 
 passes from the posterior arch of the atlas to the 
 occipital bone. It extends the head. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Posticus Minor, R. c. p, 
 major — r. Cruris, R. femoris. 
 
 Rectus Externus Oculi, Abductor oculi, Tn- 
 dignahun'dus, Indignato'rius, Iracun'dus, Oc'u- 
 lum movens secnn'dus, Orbito-ejetus-scleroticieu, 
 All the recti muscles of the eye, four in number, 
 arise from the bottom of the orbit, and are in- 
 serted into the sclerotic coat of the eye. The 
 Rectus externus, (F.) Droit cxterne. Irascible ou 
 Ahducleur, is divided, at its posterior extremity, 
 into two portions, one of which is attached to the 
 
REGUBITORIUM 
 
 745 
 
 REGIMEN 
 
 euter part of the foramen opticum, and the other 
 to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Rectus Fem'oris, Rectus sive Grac"ilis ante- 
 rior, Rectus cruris, (F.) liio-rotulien. Droit ante- 
 rieur de la cuirse. A straight muscle, seated at 
 the anterior part of the thigh. It extends from 
 the anterior and inferior spine of the ilium and 
 the cotyloid cavity of the patella. This muscle 
 extends the leg upon the thigh, and conversely. 
 It can, also, bend the thigh upon the pelvis or 
 carry the pelvis forward. 
 
 Rectus Inferior Oculi, Depres'sor oculi, Tim'- 
 idus, Dep'rimens, Hu'milis, Oc'ulum movens quar- 
 tns, (F.) Sovs-optico-spheno-scleroticien, Droit in- 
 ferieur ou abaisseur de I'oeil, Jfuscle hunible, 
 arises below the optic foramen, from the sphenoid 
 bone. It depresses the eye. 
 
 Rectus Internus Oc'uli, Addu'cens oculi, Bi- 
 hito'rius, Oculi adductor, Oculum movens primus, 
 (F.) Orbito-intus-scleroticien, Droit interne de 
 Voeil ou adducteur ou buveur. It arises from the 
 sphenoid at the inferior part of the foramen opti- 
 cum. It turns the eye towards the nose. 
 
 Rectus Superior Oculi, Attol'lens ocxdi, At- 
 tol'lena oc'ulum,, Leva'tor oculi, Superbus, Eleva'- 
 tor octdi, Oculum movens tertius, (F.) Sus-optico- 
 tpheno-scleroticien. Droit superieur ou elevateur 
 de I'oeil, Dedaigneur, is attached to the circum- 
 ference of the foramen opticum. 
 
 All the recti muscles are concerned in the 
 voluntary motions of the eye. The oblique mus- 
 cles have been supposed by Sir C. Bell to execute 
 the involuntary. [?] 
 
 Rectus Irferior Femoris, Gracilis — r. In- 
 ternus major, R. capitis internus major — r. In- 
 ternus minor, R. capitis internus minor — r. La- 
 teralis, R. capitis lateralis — r. Lateralis Fallopii, 
 R. capitis lateralis — r. Major, R. capitis posticus 
 major — r. Minor, R. capitis posticus minor. 
 
 REGUBITORIUM, Anaclinterium. 
 
 RECUPERATION, Restauratio. 
 
 RECU'PERATIVE, Recu'peratory, from reeii- 
 peratio, ' recovery.' Restorative. Recovering. 
 Belonging to recovery. 
 
 RECUR'RENT, Recur'rens, from recurrere, 
 (re, and c«)-/-e)-e), ' to run back.' A name given 
 to several arterial and nervous branches, which 
 seem to re-ascend towards the origin of the trunk 
 whence they emanate. 
 
 Recurrent Arteries. This name has been 
 given to several arteries of the forearm, and to 
 one of the leg. In i\ie forearm, there are, 1. The 
 Radial recurrent, Artere recurrente de I'epicon- 
 dyle (Ch.), which arises from the superior part 
 of the radial, and ascends between the supinator 
 longus, s. brevis, and the brachialis internus. 2. 
 The anterior cubital recurrent, A. recurrente de 
 I'epitrochlee (Ch.), which arises from the upper 
 and inner part of the cubital, and ascends be- 
 tween the pronator teres and brachialis internus. 
 3. The posterior cubital recui-rent, which arises 
 from the preceding' artery, or from the cubital 
 itself, and ascends between the olecranon and in- 
 ternal tuberosity of the humerus. 4. The poste- 
 rior radial recurrent, A. recurrente olecranienne 
 (Ch.). It arises from the posterior interosseous, 
 and ascends between the posterior cubital and 
 anconeus muscles. In the leg, — the Arteria re- 
 cnrrens tibia'lis, A. recurrente du genou (Ch.), is 
 furnished by the anterior tibial, and ascends to 
 the tibialis anticus muscle. 
 
 Recurrent Bandages are formed by convo- 
 lutions of the bandages, which make a kind of 
 cap for the part — as the head — to which they 
 are applied. 
 
 RECURVATIO, see Hump, 
 
 JIECUTITUS, Apella. 
 
 ItE^BEAN, Abrus precatorius. 
 
 REDBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi, Gaultheria, 
 Panax quinquefolium — r. Bitter, Cornus Florida 
 
 RED HEAD, Asclepias Carassavica — r. Root, 
 Celastrus, Sanguinaria Canadensis — r. Swamp, 
 Vaccinum oxycoccos. 
 
 REDIMICULUM, Diadema. 
 
 REDINGOTES ANGLAISES, see Condom. 
 
 REDINTEGRATIO, Regeneration, Restau- 
 ratio. 
 
 REDIVIA, Paronychia. 
 
 REDON^DANGE, Plethora. 
 
 i?£'X>0£/5Z£:j/£j.VT,Exacerbation,Paroxysm. 
 
 REDS, Menses. 
 
 REDUCTIO, Taxis — r. Praputii Impedita, 
 Phimosis. 
 
 REDUCTION, Reduc'tio, Reposif'io, Resti- 
 tu'tio, Diap'lasis, Diaplas'mus, Syntax'is, from 
 re, and ducere, ductum, ' to lead.' A surgical 
 operation, the object of which is to restore dis- 
 placed parts to their original situation. Thug, 
 we say the reduction of a luxation, when the 
 displaced parts are again brought to their proper 
 relative situation. The reduction of a hernia is 
 the restoration of the protruded parts to the ca- 
 vity of the abdomen. This is, also, called Taxis, 
 
 In pharmacy, the process of restoring oxides, 
 chlorides, sulphurets, &c., to the metallic state. 
 
 REDUNDANTIA, Plethora. 
 
 REDUVIA, Paronychia. 
 
 REED MACE, Typha latifolia. 
 
 REFECTIO, Restauratio. 
 
 REFECTIVA, Analeptica. 
 
 REFECTUS, Restauratio. 
 
 REFICIENTIA, Analeptica. 
 
 REFLECTION, Duplicature. 
 
 REFLECTOR EPIGLOT'TIDIS. A muscle, 
 which arises from the arytenoid cartilage and in- 
 ner part of the thyroid, and is inserted into the 
 lateral edges of the epiglottis. 
 
 REFLEX SYSTEM OF NERVES, see 
 
 REFLBXIO PALPEBRARUM, Ectropion. 
 
 REFRACTION, Refrac'tio, Photocampi'ais, 
 Dia'clasis, from re, and frango, '1 break.' The 
 change of direction which rays of light experience 
 when they pass obliquely from one medium into 
 another of different density. If the light passes 
 from a rarer to a denser medium, it approaches 
 the perpendicular raised at the point of immer- 
 sion. The contrary occurs, when it goes from a 
 denser to a rarer medium. The theory of lenses, 
 telescopes, and of the eye, rests entirely on this 
 property of light. 
 
 REFRAICHISSANTS, Refrigerants. 
 
 REFRIGERANT, see Alembic. 
 
 REFRIG"ERANTS, Refrigeran'tia, Psyeh'ti- 
 ca, Antither'ma, Frigefacien'tia, (F.) Refraichis- 
 sans, Refrigeratifs, from re, a,nd frigere, ' to cool.' 
 Medicines which depress the morbid temperature 
 of the body. The chief reputed refrigerants are 
 the Potassae Nitras(?), the Sodse Boras (?), but 
 chiefly the abstraction of caloric by ice and ice- 
 drinks, cold water, cold lemonades, soda-water, 
 and effervescing draughts internally; and exter- 
 nally, cool air, cold water, evaporating lotions, 
 and frigorific mixtures. 
 
 REFRIGERA TIES, Refrigerants. 
 
 REFRIGERATOR, see Alembic. 
 
 REGENERATIO, Reproduction. 
 
 REGBNERA'TION, Regenera'tio, Palingen'e- 
 sis. Redintegra'tio, from re, and generare, 'to 
 beget.' Reproduction of a part of the body, 
 which has been destroyed. 
 
 REG"IMEN, from regere, 'to govern.' The 
 rational and methodical use of food, and of every 
 thing essential to life ; both in a state of health 
 and disease. It is often restricted, in its meaa« 
 
RBGINA 
 
 7*6 
 
 REJUSSIOX 
 
 ?ng, to Diet. It is sometimes used synonymously 
 with hygiene. 
 
 REGINA PRATI, Spiraea ulmaria. 
 
 REtilO, Region. 
 
 Regio Auricdlakis. The region of the ear. 
 
 Regio Bucca'lis. The region of the cheeks. 
 
 Regio Cardiaca, Epigastric region. 
 
 Regio Cbrvica'lis. The region of the neck. 
 The cervical region. 
 
 Regio Epigastrica, Epigastrium. 
 
 Regio Facia'lis. The facial region. 
 
 Regio Frontalis. The frontal region. 
 
 Regio Gastrica, Umbilical region — r. Hypo- 
 pastriea, see Hypogastrium — r. Hypochondriaca, 
 llypochondre — -r. Iliaca, Iliac region — r. Ingui- 
 nalis, Inguinal region — r. Ischiadica, Ischiadic 
 region — r. Jugalis, Jugal region — r. Lumbalis, 
 Lumbi — r. Mentalis, Mental region — r. Mesogas- 
 trica, Umbilical region — r. Nasalis, Nasal region 
 — r. Nuch«, Nuchal region — r. Nuehalis, Nuchal 
 region — r. Occipitalis, Occiput — r. Occipitalis in- 
 ferior, Nuchal region — r. Perinsei, Perina3um — 
 r. Prsecordiaca, Prsecordial region — r. Pubis, 
 Pubic region — r. Stomachalis, Epigastric region 
 — r. Stomachica, Epigastric region — r. Tempora- 
 lis, Temple — r. Umbilicalis, Umbilical region. 
 
 RE'GION, Re'gio. Same etymon. Anatomists 
 Lave called regions, determinate spaces on the 
 surface of the body or of different organs. Thus, 
 the abdomen has been divided into several ; to 
 vrhich different names have been given. See 
 Abdomen, Epigastrium, Hypochondrium, Hypo- 
 gastrium. 
 
 REGION OMBILICALE, Umbilical region. 
 
 REGIONAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy. 
 
 REGLES, Menses — r. Devies, Menstruation, 
 vicarious — r. Difficiles, Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 REGLISSE, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 REGLUTINATIO, DecoUement. 
 
 REGNE ANIMAL, see Animal. 
 
 REG'ULAR, Regula'ris, from regiila, 'a rule.' 
 According to rule. Applied to the types of a 
 disease, and to the pulse, when according to 
 rule. 
 
 Regular Practit"ioner. One who practises 
 his profession according to the rules established 
 by law or custom. 
 
 REGULUS ANTIMONII, Antimonium. 
 
 REGURGITA'TION, Regurgita'tio. The act 
 by which a canal or reservoir frees itself, without 
 effort, from substances accumulated in it. Usu- 
 ally, it is applied to the pnkivg or 2'>088et.!ng of 
 infants ; and to the rising of solids or fluids into 
 the mouth in the adult, — from re, and gorge, 'the 
 throat.' What is called " vomiting at pleasure" 
 is regurgitation. 
 
 The substances brought into the mouth by re- 
 gurgitation, the French call Renvois, 
 
 REIN, Kidney. 
 
 REINE BES PRES, Spirroa ulmaria. 
 
 REINERZ, MINERAL WATERS OP. Rein- 
 erz is a small town in Silesia, three German miles 
 from Glatz. The waters are acidulous chaly- 
 beates. The principal springs are the tepid 
 drinking spring, the cold spring, and three bath- 
 ing springs. 
 
 REINFORCE'MENT, FASCICULUS OF, F. 
 Cunea'tHS. A band of fibres from the corpus in- 
 iiowinatum, or lateral part of the antero-lateral 
 column of the medulla, which is continued up 
 behind and around the corpus olivare, is lined on 
 its inner or central surface with cineritious sub- 
 ptance, enlarges as it ascends, passes over the 
 upper surface of the pons Varolii, and is expanded 
 into the optic thalamus. It thus forms, in its 
 cours*, the anterior piirics of the fourth ventricle, 
 and is brought into view by brushing away the 
 
 fulereuhim cincreum or gray matter of the ven- 
 tricle. The band has received these names owing 
 to its constantly increasing as it <)seeuds, and be- 
 ing mixed up with gray matter on its inner face, 
 from which it seems to derive new fibres. 
 
 REINS, Kidneys, Lumbi. 
 
 REJEC'TIO, Anago'ge, from re, and Jacere, 
 'to cast.' Every excretion by the mouth; spit- 
 ting, expectoration, regurgitation, or vomiting. 
 
 Rejectio Sanguinis e Pulmonibus, Hemop- 
 tysis. 
 
 REJUVENES'CENCE, Rejuvenef<cen'tia, from 
 re, 'again, and jHvenescens, 'growing young;' 
 (juvenis, 'a youth'). A renewal of youth. The 
 state of being young again. The assumption of 
 the characteristics of youth by the aged. 
 
 RELA CHEilENT, Relaxation. 
 
 PlELAPSE, Hypot'rope, Epis'trop>lie, Hypos'- 
 trojyhe, Morhi recidi'va, Hypotro2)i<Js' m\is, from 
 re, 'again,' and labor, 'I fall down.' The return 
 of a disease, during, or shortly after, convales- 
 cence. The French use Rechnte in this sense ; 
 and Recidive {Aforbus recidi'vus) for the return 
 of a complaint, at a greater or less period after 
 the complete restoration of health. 
 
 The terms Relapsing fever, Short fever. Five- 
 day fever, Seven-day fever, Bil'ions Remitl'eiit 
 fever. Remitting Icteric fever, and Mild Yellow 
 fever, have been given to a form of continued 
 fever, which has occasionally appeared epidemi- 
 cally, as in Edinburgh, in 1843 and 1847, and 
 was generally attended with icteric symptoms. 
 The main phenomena disappeared at about the 
 end of a week ; but in many cases a relapse oc- 
 curred about the end of a fortnight. Few died 
 of the affection. 
 
 RELAPSING FEVER, see Relapse. 
 
 RELATIO, Rapport. 
 
 RELATION. FUNCTIONS OF, see Function. 
 
 RELAX'ANT, Laxans, Blalact'icnm, Chalas'- 
 ticum, Paret'icum, (F.) Relachant, from re, and 
 laxare, 'to loose.' A medicine which diminishes 
 the tension of organs. Mucilaginous and fatty 
 substances are relaxants. 
 
 RELAXANTIA, Emollients. 
 
 RELAXATIO CORDIS ET ARTERIARUM, 
 Diastole. 
 
 RELAXA'TION, Relaxa'tio. Same etymon. 
 Chala'sis, Chalas'mos, {¥.) RelacJiement. In Phy- 
 siology, relaxation is opposed to contraction. In 
 Pathology, it means great looseness of a part. 
 
 RELEVEUR BE L'ANUS, Levator ani — 
 r. de la Levre inferieitre. Levator labii inferioris 
 — r, du Menton, Levator labii inferioris — r. de 
 r Omoplate, Levator scapulae — r. de la Prostate, 
 Levator prostatae — r. de I'Ureihre, Levator ure- 
 thras. 
 
 RELIQUAT, (F.) The remnant or remains 
 of a disease. 
 
 REMAK FIBRES, see Fibres, Remak. 
 
 REMA^NSIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhoea. 
 
 REMEDE, Clyster, Medicament — r. du Ca- 
 puchin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici — r. de Btirand, 
 Liquor anodynus terebinthinatus — r. du JJue 
 d'Antin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici. 
 
 REMEDIAL, Medicinal. 
 
 REMEDIATE, Medicinal 
 
 REMEDILESS, Incurable. 
 
 REMEDIUM, Juvans, Medicament — r. Den- 
 tifricium, Dentifrice. 
 
 REMEDY, Medicament— r. English, Cinchona. 
 
 REMISSIO, Decline, Remission — r. Cordis et 
 Arteriarum, Diastole — r. Morbi, Remission — r. 
 Virium, Atony. 
 
 REMIS'SION, Remis'sio, Epan'esis, An'eeia, 
 Submis'sio, Ap>h'esi8, En'dosis, Remis'sio, Meio'- 
 sis, from remittere, {re, and mittere, ' to send'). 
 
REMITTEES 
 
 747^ 
 
 EEPKODUCTION 
 
 ' to relax. In a more extensive signification, a 
 temporary diminution of the symptoms of a dis- 
 ease, either acute or chronic, Remis'sio morhi. 
 Diminution in the febrile symptoms, such as 
 occurs in a remittent fever, between the exacer- 
 bations. 
 
 REMITTENS ICTERODES, Fever, yellow. 
 
 REMIT'TENT, Remit'tens. Same etymon. 
 Any disease which presents remissions. 
 
 Remittent of Children, Eever, infantile re- 
 mittent. 
 
 Remittent Fever, Fehris remit'tens, Epart'e- 
 tus, Exac"€rhating, paroxysmal, sub-continual, 
 cndem'ic, endem'ial or endem'ical fever, (F.) Eie- 
 vre remittente, is one which strikingly exacerbates 
 and remits, but without intermission. The ordi- 
 nary bilious fever of the United States is a simple 
 remittent — Epanetus initis, (F.) Fievre remittente 
 simple. 
 
 Remittent Fever, Bilious, Remittent fever, 
 see Relapse. 
 
 Remitting Icteric Fever, see Relapse. 
 
 REM'ORA, from remorari, (re, and mora, 'de- 
 lay,) 'to arrest.' The name of two surgical in- 
 struments, intended to retain parts in situ. The 
 one was used, formerlj', in castration, to prevent 
 the intestines from protruding at the inguinal 
 ring; the other, called Eemora Eilda'ni, (F.) 
 Arret d'Hildan, Echene' is, was employed to 
 maintain fractures and luxations reduced. It is 
 not now used. 
 
 Remoea Aratri, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 REN, Kidney. 
 
 RENAL, Rena'lis, from Ren, 'the kidney.' 
 That which relates to the kidney. 
 
 Renal Arteries, Emidg" ent Arteries, are very 
 large and short, and commonly two in number — 
 one to each kidney. They arise from the sides 
 of the abdominal aorta, forming with it a right 
 angle. The left is commonly a little more ante- 
 , rior and elevated than the right. After a short 
 course, they arrive at the fissure of the kidney, 
 where they divide, before entering it, into three 
 or four very considerable branches. 
 
 Renal Capsule, Capsule, renal — r. Nerve, see 
 Splanchnic Nerves. 
 
 Renal Plex'uses, Emulgent Plexuses. These 
 are two: — one on each side. They proceed from 
 fasciculi of the solar and coeliac plexuses; from 
 the outer side of the semilunar ganglion and the 
 linal expansion of the small splanchnic nerves. 
 These plexuses begin by three or four ganglions, 
 situate at the commencement of the renal artery; 
 and they give off from their circumference many 
 fine, straight filaments, which do not anastomose, 
 and which enter the kidney with the divisions 
 of the renal artery. These, divisions they ac- 
 company. 
 
 Renal Veins, Emulgent Veins. These are 
 very large. Their roots follow the same course 
 as the arteries in the substance of the kidney. 
 In the fissure or pelvic portion of the kidney, 
 they unite into a single trunk, which passes 
 transversely inwards, and opens at the side of the 
 vena cava descendens. 
 
 RENCHUS, Snoring, Stertor. 
 
 REN'CULUS, Renic'ulus, Ren'ulus, diminutive 
 of Ren, 'a kidney.'' A small kidney. A lobe of 
 the kidney. 
 
 RENES SUCCENTURIATI, Capsules, renal. 
 
 RENICULUS, Renculus. 
 
 RENIFORM, Nephroid. 
 
 RENNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther- 
 mal salines in the department of Aube, France, 
 
 containing carbonic acid and chloride of magne- 
 sium. Temperature 103 to 121°, of Fahr. 
 
 RENNET, Runnet, from (G.) gerinnen, 'to 
 coagulate.' (?) When the fourth stomach or ^60- 
 masus of the calf is salted and dried, it possesses 
 the property of coagulating millc, when a portion 
 of it is soaked in water, and the infusion — Ren- 
 net — is added to milk. 
 
 Rennet AVhey, see Serum lactis. 
 
 RENNSEL^^RIA, Leptaudra Yirginica. 
 
 REX^O^''0 ULE, Ranunculus— r. Bulheuse, Ra- 
 nunculus bnlbosus. 
 
 RENOUEE, Polygonum aviculure. 
 
 RENOUEUR, (F.) Rchoutenr, Rhabaieur. A 
 hone-doctor: — a bone-setter. One who makes a 
 trade of reducing fractures and dislocations. 
 
 RENOVATIO, Anaueosis. 
 
 RENUENS, Rectus capitis internus minor. 
 
 RENULUS, Renculus. 
 
 RENUM ATONIA, Nephratonia — r. Paraly. 
 sis, Nephratonia. 
 
 RENUNCIATIO, Rapj>ort. 
 
 RENVERSEMENT BE LA LANGUE, Pa- 
 raglossa — r. de la Ilatrice, Uterus, inversion of 
 the— n des Paupieres, Ectropion — r. du Rectum, 
 Proctocele — r. de la Vessie, Exocyste, Exstrophia 
 of t"he bladder. 
 
 RENVOIS, see Regurgitation. 
 
 REPANDATIO, Lordosis. 
 
 REPARATION, Restauratio. 
 
 REPAR'ATIVE, Repar'atonj. Having the 
 power of restoring or repairing. 
 
 REPELLENTIA, Repellents. 
 
 REPEL'LENTS, Repellen'tia, Eepcrcutien'tio, 
 Apocrus'tica, Repercus' sivcs, (F.) Repercussifs, 
 from, re, a.nd 23ellere, 'to drive.' Medicines which, 
 when applied to a tumefied part, cause the fluids, 
 that render it tumid, to recede, as it were, from 
 it. Astringents, cold water, ice, &c., are repel- 
 lents.^ 
 
 REPERCUSSTFS. Repellents. 
 
 REPERCUSSIO, Contra-fissura. Repercussion, 
 
 REPERCUS'SION, Rcjiercus'sio, Anac'lasis, 
 from re, pe;', and quatere, 'to shake or batter.' 
 Disappearance of a tumour or cutaneous eruption, 
 in consequence of the application of a repellent. 
 The action of a repellent remedy. The French 
 writers use the term Delitescence, Delitescen'tia, 
 for the sudden disappearance of a tumour, in- 
 flammation, eruptive disease, or purulent collec- 
 tion, without the disease occurring in any other 
 part of the body: in this respect delitescence dif- 
 fers from metastasis : Eelitescence of an inflam- 
 mation or 'sudden disappearnce' is distinguished 
 by certain French pathologists from Resolut-on, 
 Repercussion also means Ballottement. 
 
 REPERCUSSIVES, Repellents. 
 
 REPERCUTIENTIA, Repellents. 
 
 REPLETION, Fulness, Plethora, 
 
 REP LI LONGITUDINAL DE LA ME- 
 NINGE, Falx cerebri. 
 
 REPOSITIO, Anaplasis, Reduction, Taxis. 
 
 REPOUSSOIR, Punch— r. d' Aretes, Probang. 
 
 REPRIMENS, Episoheticus. 
 
 n^V'R.0I>\JC'T110TS,Reprodttc'tio,Regeneratio, 
 from re, and producere, [pro, and ducere.) The 
 function by which living bodies produce bodies 
 similar to themselves. See Generation. As a 
 general remark, it will be found true, that the 
 larger animals are uniparous ; and the smaller, 
 which are more exposed to destruction, multipa- 
 rous. The mammalia being of the same natural 
 class as man, it may be useful to compare them 
 in this respect. 
 
REPRODUCTION 
 
 .748 
 
 RES 
 
 COMPARATIVE TABLE OP REPRODUCTION IN THE CLASS MAMMALIA. 
 
 Species. 
 
 Primates, 
 Man 
 
 Monkeys (large) 
 
 Do. (long tailed) 
 
 Camizora. 
 
 Boar 
 
 Badger 
 
 Hed'iehQg 
 
 Ferret 
 
 Olter 
 
 Pole-cat, 
 
 Marten, 
 
 Weasel, and | 
 
 Ermine, 
 
 Didelphus, 
 
 Opossui 
 
 Philar 
 
 Lion 
 
 Tiger, ) 
 
 Leopard ( 
 
 Lvnx 
 
 Wild Cat 
 
 Wolf 
 
 Dog, in the most , 
 natural state, ' 
 
 Fox 
 
 Jackall 
 
 Isatis 
 
 Phoca 
 
 Iphiis, "i 
 •sum, and > 
 inder, ) 
 
 Rodentia, 
 
 Squirrel 
 
 Flying Squirrel. 
 
 Ondatra 
 
 Beaver 
 
 Hare 
 
 Rabbit 
 
 Rat 
 
 Mouse 
 
 Marmot . .. . 
 Guinea Pig. 
 Dormouse . . 
 
 Edentata. 
 Armadilla 
 
 Ruminantia. 
 
 Camel 
 
 Dromedary 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Beef. 
 
 Lama 
 
 Reindeer 
 
 Buck and Doe 
 
 Roebuck 
 
 Saiga (Antelope) 
 
 Chamois and WildGoat 
 
 Goat 
 
 Musimon 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Solipedes. 
 
 Horse 
 
 Ass 
 
 Zebra 
 
 Pachydermata. 
 
 Hog 
 
 Elephant 
 
 Rhinoceros 
 
 Hippopotamus ... 
 Morse 
 
 Age capable of en- 
 gendering. 
 
 14 years 
 3 years 
 2 years 
 
 2 years 
 
 1 year 
 11 months 
 
 before 1 year 
 
 2 years 
 Do. 
 
 before 1 year 
 2 years 
 
 10 months 
 
 1 year 
 
 1 year 
 
 1 year 
 
 6 months 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 5 to 6 weeks 
 1 year 
 
 4 years 
 
 Do. 
 3 years 
 
 2 years 
 
 3 years 
 2 years 
 li year 
 
 Do. 
 1 year 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 1^ year 
 1 year 
 
 2J years 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 9 months or 1 year 
 16 years (?) 
 5 years (?) 
 
 Duration of gesta- 
 tion. 
 
 9 months 
 7 months 
 6 months 
 
 112 days 
 
 1 rao. and 10 days 
 
 Do. 
 
 3 months 
 
 56 davs 
 
 3 to 4 months 
 
 3 months 
 
 9 weeks 
 56 days 
 73 days 
 
 63 days 
 
 2 months 
 
 Do. 
 63 days 
 
 3 months (?) 
 
 45 days 
 
 4 months 
 
 30 days 
 
 Do. 
 5 or 6 weeks 
 1 month 
 6 weeks 
 3 weeks 
 
 11 months or 1 y'r 
 
 Do. 
 
 9 months 
 
 Do. 
 
 8 months 
 
 Do. 
 5 months 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 290 days 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 4 months 
 ' to 11 months 
 
 9 months 
 
 Number of j'oung at 
 each birth. 
 
 Period of cessation of 
 the function. 
 
 1 to 3 
 
 to 3 ; 
 Do. ). 
 Do. S 
 
 1 to 4 
 3 to 4 
 3 to 5 
 5 to 9 twice a year 
 3 to 4 
 
 3 to 6 
 
 4 to 6 
 3 to 4 
 
 3 to 4 
 
 4 to 6 
 
 5 to 9 
 
 3 to 6 
 Do. 
 
 5 to 8 
 
 6 to 7 
 2 to 3 
 
 3 to 4 twice a year 
 
 3 to 4 
 
 3 to 5 
 
 2 to 3 
 
 ( 2 to 4 several ) 
 
 \ times a year j 
 
 4 to 8 do. 
 
 5 to 6 do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 2 to 4 
 
 5 to 8 times a year 
 
 3 to 5 
 
 4 times a year 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 to 2 
 
 Do. 
 
 1 
 
 1 to2 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1, 2, and 3 
 
 Do. 
 
 1 to 2 
 
 Do. 
 
 1 to2 
 'Do. 
 Do. 
 
 10 to 00 
 2 or 2 
 1 or 2 (?) 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 At a somewhat ad- 
 vanced age. 
 
 25 to 30 years. 
 20 to 25 years. 
 
 Produces during life. 
 
 8 to 10 years. 
 
 10 years. (?) 
 
 20 to 25 years. 
 Do. 
 
 9 years. 
 15 to 20 years. 
 
 15 years. 
 
 10 or 12 years. 
 
 Produces during life. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Lives 6 years. 
 
 Lives 8 years. 
 
 Lives 8 or 9 years. 
 Produces during life. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 7 to 8 years. (?) 
 
 40 to 50 years. 
 Do. 
 
 15 to 18 years. 
 9 years. 
 
 12 years. 
 Lives 16 years. 
 Lives 25 or 30 years. 
 Lives 12 or 15 years. 
 Lives 15 or 20 years. 
 Lives 18 or 20 years. 
 
 7 years. 
 
 8 or 10 years. 
 8 years. 
 
 25 or 30 years. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 15 years. 
 Lives 70 years. (?) 
 Lives 60 years. (?) 
 
 REPULSORIUM, Punch. 
 
 REPURGA'TIO, Anacntlmr'sis, from re, and 
 ■purgare, 'to cleanse.' According to Castelli — 
 purgation by transpiration or by expectoration. 
 Medicines producing this effect are called Rejnir- 
 yayi'tia. 
 
 REQUIES, Acinesia. 
 
 REQUIETIO, Acinesia. 
 
 RES CONTRA-NATU'RAM. 'Things against 
 
 nature,' (F.) Ohosee contre-nature, are those things 
 which tend to destroy man ; — as disease, and 
 every thing connected with it. 
 
 Re9 Gulinaria, Culinary art — r. Medica, Me- 
 dicina. 
 
 Res Natura'les, (F.) Choaea nafiirellea. Those 
 things, which, by their union, were conceived to 
 constitute the nature of man ; such as the ele- 
 ments, temperaments, humours, spirits, &c. 
 
EESEAU 
 
 U9 
 
 KESPIRA'TION 
 
 Res NOX Xatura'les, (F.) Chases non-natu- 
 reUes. Those things which, anciently, formed 
 the matter of hygiene. See Non-naturals. 
 
 Res Venerea, Coition — r. Vestiaria, Vestitus. 
 
 liESEAU, Rete — r. Admirable, Rete mirabile 
 — r. Merveilleux, Rete mirabile. 
 
 RESECTIO, Resection — r. Articulorum, see 
 Resection. 
 
 RESECTION, Eesec'tio, from resecare, {re, 
 and secare,) 'to cut oif.' A name, given, espe- 
 cially by the French surgeons, to operations in 
 \vhieh the carious extremities of long bones, or 
 the unconsolidated extremities of fractured bones 
 forming irregular joints, are removed with the saw 
 --Resectio articulo' rum, Decajiita'tio articulo'rum. 
 
 RESECTI02\, see Amputation. 
 
 RESEDA CRISPATA— r. luteola— r. Lanceo- 
 lata — r. luteola. 
 
 Rese'da lute'ola, E. lanceola'ta seu crispa'ta, 
 Lute'ola, Weld, Dyer's Weed. A European plant 
 naturalized in the United States, which was at 
 one time used as a diaphoretic and diuretic. 
 
 RESERANS, Aperient. 
 
 RESERVE AIR. see RespiratioB. 
 
 EESERVOIR BE LA BILE, Gall-bladder 
 
 — r. du Chyle, Receptaculum chyli — r. des Lar- 
 v-o.s. Lachrymal sac — r. of Pecquet, Receptaculum 
 chyli — r. de Pecquet, Receptaculum chyli — r. of 
 tiie Thymus, see Thj'mus. 
 
 RESIDENTIA, Sediment. 
 
 RESIDUAL AIR, see Respiration. 
 
 RESIMUS, Camus. 
 
 RESIN, Eesi'na, Eheti'ne. A vegetable pro- 
 duct, commonly dry and concrete, more or less 
 brittle, inodorous or slightly odorous, insipid, or 
 of an acrid warm taste ; of a smooth, glassy frac- 
 ture, heavier than water, inflammable, insoluble 
 in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and yolk of an 
 egg, and negatively electrifiable by friction. Many 
 resins are used in medicine ; the greater part are 
 purgative and irritating. Some act like acrid 
 poisons. 
 
 Resix, Catenxe, Caoutchouc — r. of the Spruce 
 fir, see Pinus abies. 
 
 RESINA, Resin — r. Abietis, Pinus Abies, 
 Pinus picea — r. Abietis humida, Pinus abies 
 
 — r. Abietis sicca, see Pinus abies — r. Alba, 
 see Pinus sylvestris — r. Alba humida, see Pinus 
 Abies — r. Cayennensis, Caoutchouc — r. Copal, Co- 
 pal — r. Elastica, Caoutchouc — r. Flava, see Pinus 
 sylvestris — r. Fluida Canadensis, see Pinus bal- 
 samea — r. Juniperi, Sandarac — r. Laricis, see Pi- 
 nus larix — r. Lentiscina, see Pistachia lentiscus 
 
 — r. Liquida pini balsametB, see Pinus balsamea 
 
 — r. Liquidi pini laricis, see Pinus larix — r. Ni- 
 gra, Colophonia — r. Pini, see Pinus sylvestris — r. 
 Pini empyreumatica liquida, see Pinus sylvestris 
 
 — r. Pini abietis sponte concreta, see Pinus abies 
 
 — r. StrobUina, see Pinus balsamea, and Pinus 
 mughos — r. Terebinthi, see Pistachia terebinthus. 
 
 RESIN-A.'TUM, Bhetino'ton. An epithet for 
 wine impregnated with resin, and used bj"- the 
 ancients as a stomachic. 
 
 EESINE DE GAT AC, see Guaiacum— r. Go- 
 vt'trt, see Bursera gummifera — r. de Lierre, see 
 Iledera helix. 
 
 RESINOCE'RUM, Ehethwce'ron, from pnnvr,' 
 'resin,' and Knpo;, 'wax,' A mixture of resin and 
 wax. — Galen. 
 
 RESOLUTIO, Resolution— r. Membrorum, Pa- 
 ralysis. 
 
 RESOLrTio MoRBr. The resolution or disap- 
 pearance of a disease; especially when without 
 any critical evacuation. 
 
 Resolutio et DiabrSSis Ventrictjli, Gastro- 
 malacia — r. Nervorum, Paralysis — r. Ventriculi 
 antopeptica, Gastromalacia — r. Virium, Dialysis. 
 
 RESOLU'TION, Eesolu'tio, Dlseua'sio, from 
 
 resolvere, {re and solvere, 'to loosen.') RemovaJ 
 or disappearance, as of a disease. Resolution i3 
 one of the terminations of inflammation, in which 
 the inflamed part returns gradually, and without 
 suppuration, to the healthy condition. 
 
 EESOL UTION DES 3IEMBEES, Paralysis. 
 RESOLVENTIA, Discutients. 
 RES'ONANCE, (F.) Eetentissement, Eeson- 
 nance, Eesonnement, from re, 'again,' and sono, 
 'I sound.' 'A return of sound.' A resounding ; 
 a reverberation of sounds. A thrilling of the 
 voice more loud than natural ; or its existence in 
 a part where it is not heard in health, — as de- 
 tected by auscultation. A thickened and hard- 
 ened state of the lungs, caused either by a mawi 
 of crude tubercles, or by inflammation, is gene- 
 rally considered to produce this phenomenon, by 
 rendering the lung a better conductor of the 
 murmur of the voice in the bronchi. Hence the 
 origin of the term BronchoiMony, from ppovx^s, 
 'bronchus,' and (pwvrj, 'the voice;' (P.) Voij; 
 bro»chique, Voix tuhaire, V. hourdonnante. 
 Resonance, Vibrations of, see Sound. 
 RESONITUS, Contra-fissura. 
 RES'ONANT, Ees'o^ians, Ecs'omis, (F.) Ee- 
 tentissaut, i?esoHH««f, Resounding, see Resonance. 
 EESONNANCE, Resonance. 
 EESONNEMENT, Resonance. 
 RESORBENS, Absorbent. 
 RESORPTIO, Absorption, Resorption— r. Cn- 
 tanea, see Absorption — r. Cutis, see Absorption. 
 RESORP'TION, Resorp'tio, from resorhere, {re, 
 'again,' and sorbere,) 'to absorb again.' Absorp- 
 tion of a fluid which has been previously depos- 
 ited in a part by the exhalants, — as of pus, blood, 
 se#um, &e. 
 
 RES'PIRABLE, Eespirab'Uis. Same ety- 
 mon as Respiration. Capable of being breathed. 
 Adapted for respiration. 
 
 RESPIRAMEN, Respiration. 
 RESPIRAMENTUM. Respiration. 
 RESPIRATIO, Respiration — r. Abolita, Ap- 
 noea — r. Brevis, Dyspnoea — r. Difiicilis, Dyspnoea 
 — r. Stertens, Stertor — ^r. Stertuosa, Stertor. 
 
 RESPIRA'TION, Eespira'tio, Anap'noe, from 
 respiro, {re, and epnro,) 'I take breath.' Anap- 
 neu'sis, Pneu'sis spira'tio, Eespira'men, Eespira- 
 mentnm, Eespira'tus, Eespir'itus, Spir'itus. A 
 function proper to animals, the object of which 
 is, to place the materials of the blood — the mix- 
 ture of the venous blood with lymph and chyle — 
 in contact with atmospheric air, in order thsit it 
 may acquire the vivifying qualities that belong to 
 arterial blood. The organs for executing this 
 function are, in the mammalia, birds, and rep- 
 tiles, the lungs. In man, the respiration consists 
 of mechanical and chymical phenomena. The 
 mechanical are Inspiration and Expiration. The 
 evident chj'mical phenomena consist in the form- 
 ation of a certain quantity of carbonic acid, the 
 absorption of a part of the oxygen of the air, and 
 the (flsengagement of a quantity of water in the 
 state of vapour. In the healthy condition the 
 respiration is easy, gentle, regular, and without 
 noise. In man, the respirations are generally 
 about 35 per minute in the first year of life ; 25 
 during the second; 20 at puberty; and 18 in tho 
 adult age. 
 
 The air of respiration has been divided into, 
 first, the residual air or that which cannot be ex- 
 pelled from the lungs but remains after a full and 
 forcible expiration, estimated at 120 cubic inches: 
 secondly, the supplementary or reserve air or that 
 which can be expelled by a forcible expiration, 
 after an ordinary outbreathing, valued at 130 cu- 
 bic inches: thirdly, the breath, tidal or breathing 
 air, valued at 26 cubic inches : and fourthly, tho 
 complementary or complemented air, or that wMcU 
 
RESPmATION 
 
 750 
 
 RETIA TJTERI 
 
 can be inbaled after an ordinary inspiration, which 
 amounts to 100 cubic inches. This estimate gives 
 250 cubic inches as the average volume of air 
 tvhich the chest contains after an ordinary expi- 
 ration. 
 
 RESPIRATION BRONCHIQUE, see Mur- 
 mur, respiratory — r. Exugeree, see Puerile — r. 
 Jlypervesiciilaire, see Puerile. 
 
 Respiration, Jerking, {F.)R. eaccadee. When 
 the murmur of inspiration, in place of being con- 
 tinuous, is interrupted as by starts, it is called 
 'jerking.' It is a concomitant of incipient pleu- 
 risy, pleurodynia, spasmodic asthma, and tuber- 
 culosis of the lung with corresponding pleuritic 
 adhesion. — Walshe. 
 
 Respiration of the Cells, Murmur, respira- 
 tory — r. Metallic, Tintement metollique — r. Nidle, 
 see Murmur, respiratory — r. Proof, Docimasia 
 pulmonum — r. Rticrile, see Puerile — r. Rdpeuse, 
 see Murmur, respiratory — r. Rude, see Murmur, 
 respiratory- — r. Silencieuse, see Murmur, respira- 
 tory — r. Saccadee, R. jerking — r. Sonffl.anie, Mur- 
 mur, respiratory — r. Supplementaire, see Puerile 
 — r. Tubal, see Murmur, respiratory. 
 
 RESPIRA'TOR, same etymon. Various in- 
 struments, under this name, have been devised 
 for the purpose of tempering the air before it 
 reaches the lungs in winter. One of the best is 
 lihat of Jeffrey, which is made of several layers 
 «f fine wire tissue. 
 
 RESPIRATORIUM VEoSTTRIS, Diaphragm. 
 
 RESPIRATORIUS, Respiratory. 
 
 RES'PIRATORT, Respirato'rius, same ety- 
 mon. Appertaining to respiration. An epithet 
 applied to the murmur heard by auscultation in 
 a healthy adult, during inspiration and expira- 
 tion. It marks the entrance of the air into the 
 cells, and its passage out of them. See Murmur. 
 
 Respiratory, External, Nerve, see Thoracic 
 nerves — r. Internal, nerves. Diaphragmatic 
 Nerves — r. Nerve of the face. Facial Nerve — r. 
 Superior, nerve. Spinal Nerve. 
 
 Respiratory Tract, Tructiw respirato'rius. 
 The middle column of the spinal marrow, de- 
 scribed by Sir Charles Bell as that whence the 
 respiratory nerves originate. See Nerves. 
 
 RESPIRATUS, Respiration. 
 
 RESPIRITUS, Respiration. 
 
 RESSERRE. { VENTRE.) Constipation. 
 
 RESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 RESTAGNATIO, Eructation. 
 
 RESTAURANS, Corroborant. 
 
 RESTAURA'TIO, Refec'tio, Refee'his, Ana- 
 lep'sis, Ano.trep'sis, Anacom'ide, Analte'sis, Anac- 
 te'sis, Apocalas'tasis. Restoration of strength, 
 after disease or great fatigue; Epnnortho'sis, Re- 
 crea'tio, Redhitegra'tio, Restaura'iio virimn. Re- 
 turn of the organs to their normal condition. 
 Reoov'eri/, Recupera'tion, Repara'tion. 
 
 Restauratio ViRiu^r, see Restauratio. 
 
 REST HARROW, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 RESTIFORM'IS, from j-es^w, 'a rope,' and /or- 
 ma, 'shape.' Shaped like a rope, as the 'Corpora 
 restiformia.' 
 
 Restiformts Processus, Coracoid. 
 
 RESTITUTIO, Reduction— r. Orfranica, Morio- 
 plastice — r. Partium deperditarnm, Morioplastice. 
 
 RESTLESSNESS, Agitation. 
 
 RESTORATION, Restauratio. 
 
 RESTORATIVE, Corroborative. 
 
 RESTRICTIO INTESTINI RECTI vel ANI, 
 Stricture of the rectum. 
 
 RESUMPTI'VUS, Reaumpto'riits ,- from re, 
 'again,' and numere, 'to take.' Causing to re- 
 fume. Rc&nmpiti'oum. Any agent calculated to 
 restore flesh and strength to one who has been 
 rtduoed. 
 
 RESUMPTORIUS, Resumptivus. 
 RESURRECTION-MAN, Resurrectionist. 
 
 RESURRECTIONIST, Resurrection-mau, 
 Body snatcJicr : from re, and surgere, 'to arise.' 
 An individual who violates the sanctuary of the 
 grave to obtain subjects for dissection. 
 
 RESUSCITA'TION, Remscita'Ho, from resii.v- 
 cita're, [re, and suscitare, sursum citare scu ciere,) 
 'to move up,' 'to stir up anew.' Revivijiea'tion. 
 The restoration of persons, apparently dead, to 
 life. See Asphyxia and SuflFocation. 
 
 RETCHING, Vomiturition. 
 
 RETE, Plexus — r. Malpighii, Corpus muco- 
 sum. 
 
 Rete, Retic'ulum ; 'a net;' Diet' yon, (F.) Re- 
 seau. A name given to the interlacing and 
 decussation of blood-Tessels, lymphatics, fibres, 
 and nerves when they form a kind of network. 
 
 Rete has also been applied to the epiploon. — 
 Castelli. 
 
 Rete Ma.tus, Epiploon, gastro-colic. 
 
 Rete Mirab'ile, (F.) Reseau admirable, R. 
 merveilleux. A name given to the ramiiications 
 and anastomoses of the internal carotid and ver- 
 tebral arteries at the base of the brain. 
 
 Rete Mirabile vel Rete Vasculo'sum Mal- 
 pig'hii is the plexus formed on the cells of the 
 lungs by the minute ramifications of the pulmo- 
 nary artery. 
 
 PlEte Mucosum, Corpus mucosum. 
 
 Rete sen Rete Vasculo'sum Testis. An 
 irregular plexus or network, formed by the com- 
 munication of the Vaaa recta at the upper and 
 back part of the testicle. These Vasa recta are 
 sent out at the back part of the testicle, from the 
 convoluted seminal tubes. The Rete Vascul'i- 
 sum testis sends out from twelve to eighteen 
 straight tubes, called Vasa efferentia, which con- 
 vey the semen from the testes to the epididymis. 
 
 RETENTIO, Retention — r. Aerea, Dyspnoea 
 — r. Alvina, Constipation — r. Bilis, Ischocholia, 
 
 Retentio Fluxus H^morrhoidalis. Sup- 
 pression of the hsemorrhoidal flux. 
 
 Retentio Foetus, Dystocia — r. Lactis, Isehoga- 
 lactia — r. Lochiorum, Ischiolochia — r. Mensium, 
 see Amenorrhoea — r. Spermatis, Ischospermia — 
 r. Sudoi-is, Hydroschesis. 
 
 RETEN'TION, Reten'tio, Apolep'sia, Apohp'- 
 sia, from retinere, (re, and tenere,) 'to hold back.' 
 Accumulation of a solid or liquid substance, in 
 canals intended for its excretion, or in a reser- 
 voir, intended to contain it for a short period. 
 
 Retention op Urine; Parxt'ria Retentio' ni8 
 vesica'lis, Ischu'ria vesica'lis, Retentio Uri'iicB, 
 (F.) Retention d'nrine. A disease in which the 
 urine accumulated in the bladder cannot be evac- 
 uated; or, at least, cannot be passed without 
 extreme diifieulty. In the former case, the re- 
 tention is said to be complete ; in the latter, iu- 
 complete. Many writers have distinguished three 
 degrees of this affection, to which they have given 
 the names Dysury, Strangury, and Ischury. Re- 
 tention of urine may depend upon loss of oon- 
 stractility, paralysis of the bladder, &c., or on 
 some obstacle to the passing of the urine, as in 
 cases of pressure of the womb on the bladder, of 
 tumours in its vicinity, foreign bodies in its cavity, 
 inflnramation of the urethra, swelling of the pros- 
 tate, stricture, &e. The pain is extremely violent, 
 and the bladder may be found distended above 
 the pubis. The treatment consists in introducing 
 the catheter, or puncturing the bladder, and in 
 combating the cause, which has produced the re- 
 tention, by particular means adapted to each catc. 
 
 RETENTISSANT, Resonant. 
 
 RETENTISSEMENT, Resonance— r. Auto- 
 phonique, see Autophonia. 
 
 RETIA UTERI, see Uterue. 
 
RETICULAR 
 
 r61 
 
 EilTROYEliSION 
 
 RETICULAR, Re'tiform, Eeticula'n's, Ret'- 
 iniis, Amphihlestroi'des, Dycto'i'des, Rett/or'mis, 
 from rete, ' a net.' That which resembles a net. 
 An epithet applied to many structures in the 
 body. 
 
 Retictjlar Body, Corpus mucosum — r. Sub- 
 stance, Cellular tissue. 
 
 RETICULARIA OFFICINALIS, Lichen pul- 
 monarius. 
 
 RETICULUM: diminutive of rete, 'a net.' 
 The Bonnet or Honeycomb bag — the second sto- 
 mach of the ruminant animal. See also, Epiploon, 
 and Rete. 
 
 Reticpltjm Cutaneum, Rete mucosum — r. 
 Mucosum, Rete mucosum. 
 
 RETIFORM, Reticular. 
 
 RET'IlSTi^, from rete, 'a net:' Tu'nica ret'ina 
 seu reticiila' ris seu retifor'mis seu in'tima oc'uli, 
 Involu'crum reti compara'tum, Yerricula'ris mem- 
 bra' na, Amphihlestroi'des memhrana. A soft, 
 pulpy, grayish, semi-transparent, very thin mem- 
 brane ; extending from the optic nerve to the 
 crystalline, embracing the vitreous humour, and 
 lining the choroid; without, however, adhering 
 to either of those parts. It terminates by a de- 
 fined edge — margo denta'tus — at the posterior 
 extremities of the ciliary processes. It is consti- 
 tuted, according to most anatomists, by the ex- 
 pansion of the optic nerve. The retina appears to 
 be formed of two laminae ; so joined together, that 
 it is almost impossible to separate them. The 
 one — the innermost — is medullary, and pulpy; 
 the other — the outer — is stronger, and fibro-vas- 
 cular. The retina is the essential organ of vision ; 
 on it the images of objects are impressed. Both 
 it and the optic nerve are devoid of general sen- 
 sibility. They may be punctured or lacerated 
 without pain being experienced. The nerve of 
 general sensibility distributed to the eye is the 
 fifth pair. 
 
 RETINA CULA, see Retinaculum — r. Mor- 
 gagnii, see Frtena of the valve of Bauhin. 
 
 RETINACULUM, from retinere, {re, and te- 
 nere,) 'to hold back.' A surgical instrument, 
 formerly used in the operation of castration ; and 
 in that of hernia, to prevent the intestines from 
 falling into the scrotum. — Scultet. Retinacnla 
 are also band-like extensions of a cellulo-mem- 
 branous structure, which seem to suspend the 
 ovum in the Follicle of De Graaf. They appear 
 to correspond to the chalazas of the egg of the 
 bird. 
 
 RETiyACULUM, Bride. 
 
 ReTINAC'uLUM Ten'dINUM pERONEO'unM, Ya- 
 gi'na r.ialleola'ris extem'a. The ligamentous 
 sheatbs that retain in situ at the outer ankle the 
 tendons of the peroneal muscles. 
 
 RETINI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Ret'inas, Amphi- 
 blestroidi'tis, DictyVtis, from retina and itis, a 
 suffix denoting inflammation, — a term of hybrid 
 formation. Inflammation of the retina; an un- 
 common affection, except as an accompaniment 
 of other forms of ophthalmia. 
 
 RETINOS'COPY, Retinoscop'in, from retina, 
 and oKOTnoi, ' I view.' Examination of the retina. 
 
 RETINUS, Reticular. 
 
 RETORT', Retor'ta, Batia, Cornu, Cornu'ta, 
 Cornes'ta, Cornumiisa, (F.) Gornue, from rctorqveo, 
 [re, and torqueo, fortiim,) '1 bend back.' A ves- 
 sel, commonly of glass or earthenware, employed 
 in distillation. It may be plain, or have a ttibu- 
 lure for admitting substances whilst the distilla- 
 tion is going on. In the latter case, it is said to 
 be tn'biilated, (F.) Cormie tubulee. 
 
 RETRACTION, Retrac'tio, from retrahere, 
 (re and trahere,) 'to draw back.' State of a 
 part, when drawn towards the centre of the body 
 Oi- backwa,rds; — as retraction of the testicles. 
 
 Sometimes it is used synonymously with short- 
 ening or drawing up; as in retraction of the 
 thigh. 
 
 RETRACTION BE LA 3IATRICE, Retro- 
 versio uteri. 
 
 RETRACTOR ANGULI ORIS, Buccinator. 
 RET'RAHENS AXi'KlQ, Poste'rior Auris, Tri- 
 cauda'lis, Triceps Auris, Retrahens Auric' ida, R. 
 Auriciilam, Secun'dtts propria' rum Aurio'ulm, Bi- 
 cauda'lis, Dep'rimens Auric'ulcB, Proprius Ann's 
 externa, (F.) 3[astdido-conchinien, Mastoidn-orl- 
 culaire (Ch.), Anricidaire pjosterieiir. It consists 
 of one or more small fasciculi or fleshy, thin, 
 somewhat irregular fibres, situated behind ti:o 
 ear. These are attached to the mastoid process, 
 and pass horizontally forwards, to terminate a: 
 the convexity formed by the concha of the e;ir. 
 If this muscle had any use, it would carry thu 
 ear backwards. 
 
 RETRECISSE3IENT, Arctatio, Stricture. 
 RETRIMENTA VESICiE, Urine. 
 RETRIMENTUM, Excrement. 
 RETROCES'SION, Retraces' sio, Retraces' sat, 
 Retrogres'sus, from retrocedere, {retro, 'back- 
 wards,' and cedere, ' to give place.') The act of 
 going back. A disappearance or metastasis of a 
 tumour, eruption, &c., from the outer part of the 
 body to the inner. 
 
 RETROCESSUS, Retrocession. 
 RETROFLEXIO UTERI, Retroversio uteri. 
 RETROGRESSUS, Retrocession. 
 RETROPHARYNGE ' AL, RetrapTiarynge 'xis, 
 from retro, 'backwards,' and pharynx, 'the pha- 
 rynx. Relating to parts behind the pharynx,— 
 as 'retropharyngeal abscess,' — an abscess behind 
 the pharynx. 
 
 RETROPULSION DE LA MATRIGE, Re- 
 troversio uteri. 
 
 RETROVACCINA'TION; from retro, 'back- 
 wards,' and vaccination. Vaccination with matter 
 obtained from the cow, after inoculating the ani- 
 mal with vaccine matter from the human subject. 
 RETROVER'SIO U'TERI, Retroversion of the 
 Uterus, jEdopto'sis Uteri retraver'sa, Retrofiex'io 
 Uteri, Anapod'isis seu Anapodis'mus Uteri, (F. ) 
 Retroversion, Retraction, Obliquite ou Retropul- 
 sion de la Matrice. A change in the position of 
 the uterus, so that the fundus of the organ ia 
 turned towards the concavity of the sacrum, 
 whilst the neck is directed towards the sym- 
 physis pubis. This displacement is commonly 
 attended with constipation, tenesmus, and reten- 
 tion of urine. Its usual period of occurrence is 
 between the third and fourth months of preg-- 
 nancy; before the uterus has escaped above the 
 superior aperture of the pelvis. In the treat- 
 ment, the catheter must be regularly used twice 
 a day, until the uterus, by its growth, rises above 
 the pelvis. The catheter should be small, fiat, 
 and curved considerably more than commir'n, iu 
 consequence of the distorted course of the ure- 
 thra. The bowels must be kept open ; and abso- 
 lute rest, in a recumbent posture, be enjoined. 
 Should it be impracticable to draw off the urino, 
 attempts must be made to replace the uterus. 
 The woman being on her hands and knees, tie 
 fore and middle fingers of the accoucheur's left 
 hand are to be passed up the rectum to the fundus 
 uteri ; which they must elevate, whilst the cervix 
 uteri is carefully depressed by two fingers of iho 
 right hand in the vagina. Should the fingers 
 employed to elevate the fundus not be long eEOujih 
 to efiect this object, a piece of whalebone may be 
 substituted, having a small piece of sponge nt- 
 tached to one extremity as a pad. 
 
 RETROVERSION JDE LA MATRICE, Ep- 
 troversio uteri. 
 
KEUNIO 
 
 752 
 
 RHENXIS 
 
 REUNIO, Synthesis — r. Partium separatarum, 
 Bee Synthesis — r. per Primam intentionem, see 
 Intention — r. per Secundam intentionem, see In- 
 tention — r. Vasorum, Anastomosis. 
 
 REUNION PRIMITIVE, see Intention — r. 
 Secondaire, see Intention. 
 
 REVASSERIE, Incoherence j see Somnium. 
 
 REVE, Somnium. 
 
 RE VEIL, see Sleep — r. en Sureaut, see Sleep. 
 
 EEVELLENT, Derivative. 
 . BEVEP.Y, Aphelxia. 
 
 REVWIFICATION, Resuscitation. 
 
 REVULSIF, Derivative. 
 
 REVUL'SION, Revul'sio, from re, and relieve, 
 ' to pluck ;' Antis'pasis. The act of turning the 
 principle of a disease from the organ in which it 
 seems to have taken its seat. Rubefacients, vesi- 
 catories, bleeding in the foot, &c., are often used 
 for this purpose. See Derivation. 
 
 REVULSIVE, Derivative — r. Bleeding, see 
 Bloodletting. 
 
 RBVULSORIUS, Derivative. 
 
 REX METALLORUM. Aurum. 
 
 REYNOLDS'S SPECIFIC, see Vinum colchici. 
 
 RHA, Rheum. 
 
 RHABARBARUM, Rheum — r. Album, Con- 
 volvulus mechoaehan — r. Antiquorum, Rheum 
 Rhaponticum — r. Dioscoridis, Rheum Rhaponti- 
 eum — r. Monachorum, Rumox patientia — r. Ni- 
 grum, Convolvulus jalapa — r. Pauperum, Thalic- 
 tron — r. Sibericum, Rheum — r.Tartaricum Rheum 
 — r. Turcicum, Rheum. 
 
 RHABARBE, Rheum — r. Blanche, Convol- 
 vulus mechoacan — r, des Moines, Rumex Al- 
 pinus. 
 
 RHABDOIDES (SUTURA), Sagittal suture. 
 
 RHABILLEUR, Renovenr. 
 
 RHACHET^, Rhachitfe. 
 
 RHACHETRUM, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 RHACHI^I, Rhachitffi. 
 
 RHACHIAGRA, Rachisagra. 
 
 RHACHIALGIA, Racbialgia, Rhachiodynia, 
 Spinal irritation. 
 
 RHACniALGITIS, Spinal irritation, Myelitis. 
 
 RHACHIDAGRA, Rachisagra, Rachialgia, 
 Rhachiod,ynia. 
 
 RHACHIOCYPHOSIS, Gibbositas. 
 
 RHACHIODYN'IA; from paxiu 'the vertebral 
 column,' and o^wv, 'pain;' lthuchial'gi(t. Pain 
 in the vertebral column. 
 
 RHACHIOMYELITIS, Myelitis. 
 
 RHACHIOPLEGIA, Paraplegia. 
 
 RHACHIOSCOLIOMA, Scoliosis. 
 
 RHACHIOSCOLIOSIS, Scoliosis. 
 
 RHACHIOSTROPHO'SIS; from paxa, 'the 
 vertebral column,' and crpeipu), '1 turn :' Contor'- 
 tio colum'nm vertebra'lis. Deviation of the verte- 
 bral column. 
 
 RHACHIOT'OMUS, Rhachiot'omum; from 
 pa-)(^ii, 'the vertebral column,' and to/^t;, 'inci- 
 eion.' An instrument for opening the vertebral 
 column. 
 
 RHACHIPARALYSIS, Paraplegia. 
 
 RHACHIPHYMA, Rachiphyma. 
 
 RHACHIRRHEUMA, Lumbago. 
 
 RKACHIS, Vertebral column"— r. Nasi, see 
 Nasus. 
 
 RHACHISAGRA, Rachisagra. 
 
 RHACIII'TiE, from paxts, 'the vertebral 
 column;' Rhachia'i, Rachi't<p,, Rhache'tas, or 
 Rnchia'i. The muscles of the spine. 
 
 RIIACHTTES, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 RIIACHITICUS, Rachiticus. 
 
 RIIACHITIS, Rachitis— r. Adultorum, MolH- 
 ttes ossium — r. Spinalis, Raeliisagra. 
 
 RKAUHITISMUS, Rachitis. 
 
 RHACHOSIS, Rachosis. 
 
 RHACHUS, Rhacus, Rhagus ; from pvootiv, '\/f 
 tear.' A wrinkle. A laceration of the skin. A 
 lacerated ulcer — ulcus lac"erum. 
 
 RHACUS, Rhachus, Wrinkle. 
 
 RH^BOCRANIA, Torticollis. 
 
 RHAG'ADES, payah^, Rhaga'dia; from pijy- 
 vv/xi, ' to break or rend ;' Sci'ssti'ra., Finsn'rai, 
 FimcE. Ruptures, chaps, or narrow and long 
 ulcers, which form near the origin of mucous 
 membranes, especially around the anus, and 
 which are generally owing to the syphilitic virus. 
 
 Rhagades, see Fissure. 
 
 RHAGE, Rage; payrj. Same etymon. A -suf- 
 fix denoting violent rupture or discharge, as in 
 HemoTrhage, Monorrhagia, &c. 
 
 Rhage, Fissure. 
 
 RHAGES, UvEe passaB. 
 
 RHAGODEITIS, Uveitis. 
 
 RHAGOi'DES, Rhago'des, Ehagoideus, Rha- 
 gicns, from pa^, ' a grape.' Grape-like ; as Tu- 
 nica Rhagoides : the uvea. Also, the choroid 
 coat of the eye. 
 
 RHAGUS, Rhachus, Wrinkle. 
 
 RHAMNUS, Rhamnus cathar'tiem, Spina cer- 
 vi'na seu doilies'tica, Rhamnua sohiti'vus, Spiria 
 infecto'ria, Gervispi'na, Buckthorn, Purging buck- 
 thorn, (F.) Nerprun pnrgatif. Family, Rham- 
 noideae. Sex. Si/sf. Pentandria Monogynia. The 
 berries — Rhamni BacccB — have a faint and dis- 
 agreeable odour; and bitterish, nauseous taste. 
 They are cathartic, and are apt to excite griping, 
 which must be obviated by the use of diluents. 
 
 Rhamnus Alatek'nus, R. Ilispan'icus, Alater'- 
 niis I'lti/o'lius, Common alaternus, (F.) Alatcrne. 
 The leaves have been used as detergents and as- 
 tringents, in the form of gargle especially. 
 
 Rhamnus Fran'gula. The Black Alder, 
 Frangula Alniis, Alnva Nigra, (F.) Anne noir, 
 Bourdane, Bourgene. All the parts of this tree, 
 as well as of the common alder, are astringent 
 and bitter. The bark is most so. The inner, 
 yellow bark of the trunk or root acts as a ca- 
 thartic. It has also been employed as an anthel- 
 mintic. 
 
 Rhamnus Hispanicus, R. alaternu? — r. .Tujuba, 
 see Jujube — r. Lotus, see Jujube — r. Ziziphus, see 
 Juiube. 
 
 RIIANTER, Canthus, (greater.) 
 
 RHAPHANBDON, Raphanedon. 
 
 RHAPHANIA, Raphania. 
 
 RHAPHANIS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPHANUS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPHE, Raphe, Suture. 
 
 RHAPHOSYMPH'YSIS; from pa^,?,, 'suture,' 
 and (7u/j0t)<T(f, ' union.' Union by suture, — as of' 
 the bones of the cranium. 
 
 RHAPHYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPONTICUM, Rheum Rhaponticum — r. 
 Vulgare, Centaurea centaurium. 
 
 RHAPONTIQUE, Rheum rhaponticum. 
 
 RHAPS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHATANIA, Krameria ratanhia. 
 
 RHAX, see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 RHEGE. Cramp, Contusion, Laceration. 
 
 RHEGMA, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration, 
 Rhexis — r. Ligamentare, Apospasma. 
 
 RHEGMUS, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration. 
 
 RHEMBASMUS, Somnambulism. 
 
 RIIEMBE, Rhemhns; from pcfipeiv, 'to wander 
 about.' Irregularity in the return of febrile pa- 
 roxj'sms. 
 
 RHEMBUS. Rhembc. 
 
 RHENCnUS. Rattle, Snoring. 
 
 RHENXIS, Rattle, Snoring. 
 
RHEON 
 
 r53 
 
 BHEUMATISM 
 
 EHEON, Rhenm. 
 
 RHETINE, Resin. 
 
 EHETINOCEROF, Resinatum. 
 
 RHETINOTON, Resinatum. 
 
 RHEUM, (pronounced room,) Bheu'ma, (F.) 
 lihuine; from ptw, 'to flow.' Any thin watery 
 discharge from the mucous membranes or skin ; 
 as the thin discharge from the air passages arising 
 from cold. 
 
 Rheum, Salt. A popular name in the United 
 States, like ' tetter/ for various cutaneous affec- 
 tions of the eczematous and herpetic forms more 
 especially. It is at times applied to a kind of 
 chronic psoriasis; and likewise to cutaneous af- 
 fections in those who immerse the hands in me- 
 tallic or acid solutions. Webster defines it "a 
 vague and indefinite popular name, applied to 
 almost all the non-febrile cutaneous eruptions 
 which are common among adults, except ring- 
 worm and itch." 
 
 Rhe'um, Rhabar'harum, Sheon, Rha, lihceum, 
 Lap'athum orienta'le, L. Chinen'se, Rhabar'harum 
 ve'rum, R. Tartar'icum, R. Siher'icum, R. Tur'- 
 cicum, Rhubarb, (F.) Rhabarbe. Family, Poly- 
 gonese. Sex. Syst. Enneandria Trigynia. The 
 root — Rheiim — is the part used in medicine. Its 
 odour is aromatic, peculiar, and rather nauseous ; 
 taste, somewhat aromatic, subaerid, bitterish, and 
 astringent. It colours the saliva and the urine 
 yellow. It is easily pulverized, and forms a pow- 
 der of a bright buff-yellow colour. Both water 
 and spirit extract its virtues. Rhubarb root is 
 purgative, stomachic and astringent. (?) It is 
 chiefly used for the properties first mentioned. 
 Externally, the powder is sometimes sprinkled 
 over ulcers, to assist their granulation. Dose, ^j 
 to ^ss of the powder. In a smaller dose, it is 
 stomachic. 
 
 jSTumerous species of Rheum, Rh. palmatum, 
 Rh. wndulatum, and Rh. compactum, have purga- 
 tive roots. 
 
 The rhubarbs most used in the United States 
 are the Chineoe or India Rhubarb — Rheum Si- 
 tieu'sevel In'dicum ; the Russian, TurJcey, or Bu- 
 charian Rh)ibarb — Rheum Ras'sicum vel Tur'ci- 
 cum ; and European Rhubarb. 
 
 Rheum Compactum, Rheum — r. Indicum, see 
 Rheum — r. Palmatum, Rheum. 
 
 Rheum Rhapojt'ticum, Rhzipon'tie Rhubarb ; 
 Rhapon' ileum, Rhabar'barun Dioseor'idis, R. 
 Antiquo'rtim, (F.) Rhapontique, Rhaponfic. The 
 root of this seems to have been the rhubarb of 
 the ao'.ients. It is more astringent than that of 
 the rheum palmatum, and less pa.-gative ; for the 
 latter purpose, two or three draohms being re- 
 quired for a dose. French, Rhajiontie, or Kriviea 
 Rhubarb, is obtained from this species, as well as 
 from Rh. nndulatum, and Rh. com.paetum. 
 
 Rheum Russicum, see Rheum — r. Sinense, see 
 Rheum — r. Turcicum,. see Rheum — r. Undulatum, 
 «ee Rheum. 
 
 RIIEUMA, Catarrh, Diarrhcea, Rheum, Rheu- 
 natism. Also, inflammation of a fibrous tissue, 
 lis in rheumatism and gout. — Fuchs. 
 
 Rheuma Catarrhale, Bronchitis, (chronic) 
 — r, Epidemicum, Bronchitis, chronic. Catarrh, 
 epidemic — r. Pectoris, Catarrh — r. Uteri, Leu- 
 .-•orrhoea. 
 
 RHEUMAPYRA, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMARTHRITIS, see Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMARTHROSIS, see Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMATALGIA, Rheumatism, chronic— r. 
 Arthritica, see Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RUEUMAT'IC, Rheumat'icus, Rheumatis'mal, 
 (F.) Rhumatismale, Rhumatique. Belonging to 
 rheumatism; as rheumatic fever. Also, applied 
 to one affected with rheumatism; (F.) Rhuma- 
 tisant, 
 
 48 
 
 Rheumat'iC Diath'esis, Biath'esia rheuina^- 
 ica. The special condition of the body that gives 
 occasion to rheumatism. It may exist without 
 presenting the usual phenomena in the joints : 
 whilst the heart may be seriously affected. 
 
 RHEU'MATISM, Catarrhce'a; from paijia, 'a, 
 defluxion, catarrh.' Dolor Rheumat'icus et ar- 
 thrit'icus, (HofEman,) Rheumato'sis, 3fyoso'tis, 
 Rheuma, Myodyn'ia, (F.) Rhtnnatisme. A kind 
 of shifting phlegmasia, sometimes seated in the 
 muscles, sometimes in the parts surrounding the 
 joints; and at others, within them. Hence the 
 names Ifuscrdar, Articular, and Synovial, which 
 have been applied to it. The disease may be 
 acute, or chronic. 
 
 Rheumatism of the Abdomen, Coeliorrheuma. 
 
 Rheumatism, Acute, Rheumatis'mus acu'tvs, 
 Rh. articulo'rumacu'tiis, Rh. universa'lis febri'lis, 
 Arthro' sia acuta, Rheumcitismus, Rh. injlammato' - 
 rius sen hypersthen' icua, Rheumat'ie Fever, Rheu- 
 matop'yra, Rheumap'yra, Febris rheumat'ica in- 
 Jiammato'ria, Syn'ocha rheumat'ica, Ifyoao'tie, 
 Myi'tis, Cauma rheumatis'mus, Arthri'tis rheuma- 
 tismiis, Arthro-rheumatis'miis, Synovi'tis rheuma- 
 tisma'lis, Hcemo- arthri'tis, (F. ) Rhumatisme 
 aigue, Fievre rhumatismale, usually comes on 
 with the ordinary symptoms of fever ; soon after 
 which, or simultaneously, or even before the ap- 
 pearance of febrile signs, excruciating pains are 
 felt in different parts of the body, particularly in 
 the larger joints, which are more or less red and 
 swollen ; the pain shifting from one to the other, 
 at times with great rapidity. The disease rarely 
 terminates in less than six weeks, during the 
 greater part of which period the febrile symptoms 
 remain severe ; and what is peculiar to the dis- 
 ease, the skin may be covered daily with a pro- 
 fuse perspiration, although it feels extremely hot, 
 and the pulse appears in no way modified by it. 
 It is one of the essential symptoms of the affec- 
 tion, and consequently affords no relief. The 
 only danger to be apprehended from acute rheu- 
 'matism, notwithstanding the apparent severity 
 of the symptoms, is the translation or extension 
 of the disease {metastatic rheu'matism) to some 
 internal part, especially to the heart. This ten- 
 dency must always be borne in mind. Acute 
 rheumatism seldom terminates in chronic ; the;- 
 who are liable to the former are rarely so to the 
 latter, and conversely. The disease will gene- 
 rally run its course in spite of treatment. The 
 usual antiphlogistic plan had better be pursued 
 during the first days of the disease. Blood-let- 
 ting may be employed, if the vigour of the pa- 
 tient and of the disease seem to require it; but. 
 although the blood is generally bufiy, bleeding 
 does not usually seem to afford much relief. Tbe- 
 bowels must be kept open ; effervescent draughts 
 be administered, and opium be given in full doses 
 to allay pain. This is, generally, all that is ne- 
 cessary during the first week; after which, ad- 
 vantage will usually be obtained from the exhi 
 bition of the sulphate of quinia with sulphuric 
 acid. It does not augment the excitement, and 
 will be found proper in almost all cases. Rheu- 
 matic inflammation is very different from other 
 varieties, and this may account for the anomaly. 
 After a few weeKs, the disease usually goes off, 
 but leaves the patient very liable to a recurrence 
 on slight exposures or errors of diet : at times, 
 acute rheumatism of the joints puts on the ap- 
 pearance of gout, and seems to be a complicatiou 
 of the two affections. It is then called Gouty or 
 Arthrit'ic rheumatism or Rheumatic gout, Rheii- 
 matal'gia nrthrit'iea, Rheumarthro' sis, Rheun.nr- 
 thri'tia, Arthri'tis rheumat'ica seujttveni'lis. 
 
 Rheumatism of the Arm, Brachiorrheun>«— 
 r. Arthritic, see Rheumatism, acute --r. of tL* 
 
RHEUMATISMAL 
 
 754 
 
 RHINOERAPHT 
 
 Bladder, Cystorrheuma — r. of the Bowels, Ente- 
 rorrheuma. 
 
 Rheumatism, Cap'stilar, Rheum n lis' mus cap- 
 Bula'ris. Rheumatism seated in the lining mem- 
 brane of the joints and bursse of the tendons. 
 The parts most liable to its attacks are the feet 
 and hands, where it is generally easily recognised 
 by the enlargement of the joints ; but the pecu- 
 liar characters of the disease are, perhaps, most 
 strikingly seen when it attacks the knee. 
 
 Rheumatism op the Chest, Pleurodynia. 
 
 Rheumatism, Chronic, Arthro'nia chron'icn, 
 RJieumatismiis chronicus seu no7ifehri'lis, R. vul- 
 ga'ris seu invetera'tus seu hahitua'lis seu frig"i- 
 dua, Rheumatal'gia, Rheumatodyn'ia, Arthrodyn' - 
 ia, Arthritis arthrodynia , (F.) Rhumatisme chro- 
 niqne, Rhumatalgie, is attended with pains in the 
 hips, shoulders, knees, and other large joints. 
 These are, sometimes, confined to one joint; at 
 others, shift from one to another, without occa- 
 sioning inflammation, or fever. In this manner, 
 the complaint often continues for a great length 
 of time, and then goes off. There is no danger 
 attendant upon it; but the patient may become 
 lame, and is always liable to painful recurrences. 
 jSTeither variety generally terminates in suppura- 
 tion ; but effusion of coagulable lymph is apt to 
 occur, so as to occasion permanent thickening of 
 the parts. The great preventive of chronic rheu- 
 matism, and one of the most valuable curative 
 agents, is flannel, worn next the skin. The 
 whole class of rubefacients may, also, be used 
 with advantage. The warm bath, especially the 
 natural warm bath, the temperature of which 
 does not vary, is perhaps the most successful 
 remedy of all. 
 
 Rheumatism op the Extremities, Acrorrheu- 
 ma — r. of the Face, Prosoporrheuma — r. Gouty, 
 see Rheumatism, acute — r. of the Heart, Cardior- 
 rheuma — r. Lead, see Lead rheumatism — r. of the 
 Leg, Scelorrheuma — r. of a Limb, Merorrheuma 
 — r. Local, Merorrheuma — r. of the Loins, Lum- 
 bago — r. Metastatic, see Rh. acute — r. of the 
 Neck, Torticollis — r. Partial, Merorrheuma. 
 
 Rheumatism, Preabdom'inal, (F.) Rhumatis- 
 me pre-ahdominal. Piheumatism of the muscles 
 of the anterior and lateral portions of the abdo- 
 men ; supposed by MM. Genest and Requin to 
 be the same as the nervous affection of the peri- 
 toneum of Gooch. 
 
 Rheumatism of the Skin, see Dermalgia — r. 
 Topical, Merorrheuma — r. of the Uterus, Me- 
 trorrheuma. 
 
 Rheumatism, Visceral. Rheumatism affect- 
 ing the muscular or fibrous tissues of the viscera. 
 
 Rheumatism Weed, Pyrola maculata, P. um- 
 bellate. 
 
 RHEUMATISMAL, Rheumatic. 
 
 RIIEUMATISMUS, Abdominis, Coeliorrheu- 
 ma — r. Acutus, Rheumatism, acute — r. Arti- 
 culorum acutus, Rhovimatism, acute — r. Bra- 
 chii, Brachiorrheuma — r. Cancrosus, Neuralgia 
 faciei — r. Cervicis, Torticollis — r. Colli, Torti- 
 collis — r. Cordis, Cardiorrheuma — r. Cruris, Sce- 
 lorrheuma — r. Dorsalis, Lumbago — r. Extremi- 
 tatuin, Acrorrheuma — r. Faciei, Prosoporrheu- 
 ma — r. Febrilis, Dengue — r. Inflammatorius seu 
 liypersthenicus, Rheumatismus acutus — r. lutcs- 
 tinorum, Enterorrheuma — r. Intestinorum cum 
 ulcere, Dysentery — r. Larvatus, Neuralgia faciei 
 — r. Localis, Merorrheuma — r. Membrorum sin- 
 jTulorum, Merorrheuma — r. Non febrilis, Rheu- 
 iLiatism, acute --r. Partialis, Mcrorrheunia — r. 
 Pectoris, Pleurodynia — r. Phlegoionodcs, Slyosi- 
 tis — r. Spuria'^ nervosus. Neuralgia— r. Univer- 
 nalis febrilis. Rheumatism, acute — r. Uteri, Me- 
 irorrheurcj -r. Vesicae uriuariaD, Cystorrbeuma 
 
 r. Vulgaris seu inveteratus seu habitualis seu fri- 
 gidus. Rheumatism, chronic. 
 
 RHEUMATODYNIA, Rheumatism, chronic. 
 
 RHEUMATOPHTHAL'MIA, i?AcMCTo^3ArAaZ'. 
 mia; from pcvjxa, 'rheumatism,' and o(pda\itta, 
 ' inflammation of the eyes.' Rheumatic oph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 RHEUMATOPYRA, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMATOSIS, Rheumatism. 
 
 RHEUMOPHTHALMIA, Rheumatophthal- 
 mia, Sclerotitis. 
 
 RHEXIS, Rhetjma, Birup'tio, Rup'tio, Rup- 
 tu'ra, Riiptfure. Rupture of a vessel or organ. 
 Spontaneous opening of an abscess. 
 
 Rhexis Oc'uli. Bursting of the eye from any 
 cause; spontaneous or excited. 
 
 RIIICNO'SIS, from piKvoapiat, 'to become wrin- 
 kled;' Cutis corniga'tio. Wrinkling of the skin 
 from extenuation of the body ; opposed to cKTaais, 
 or distension from repletion. 
 
 RHIGOS, Rigor. 
 
 RHIN, Nasus. 
 
 RIIINAL'GIA, Rhinodyn'ia, from ptv, 'the 
 nose,' and ayXoj, ' pain.' Pain in the nose. 
 
 Rhinal'gia ab Intrc'sis. Pain in the nose 
 from foreign bodies. 
 
 Rhinal'gia A''ermino'sa. Pain in the nose 
 from worms. _ 
 
 RHINAN'CnONE, Rhinan'gia, Rhinoategno' - 
 sis; from g-iv, 'the nose,' and ayxofv, 'narrow- 
 ness.' Contraction of the nose. Snuffles. 
 
 RHINANGIA, Rhinanchone, Snuffles 
 
 RHINCHOS, Rostrum. 
 
 RHINENCEPHALIA, Cvclopia. 
 
 RHINEN'CHYSIS, Rhiitenchys'ia, *Vom ptv, 
 'the nose,' cv, 'in,' and x^'^f 'I pour.' An infu- 
 sion or injection, made into the nostril , with a 
 syringe called Rhinen'chites. 
 
 RHINES, Nares. 
 
 RHINI'TIS, Nasi' tie, from piv, pjvof, 'the 
 nose,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the nose. Coryza. 
 
 Rhinitis Ulcerosa, Ozsena. 
 
 RHINOBLENNORRHCEA, Rhinorrhoea. 
 
 RHINOC'ACE, Cory'za scarlatina' aa ; from 
 piv, 'the nose,' and /caxos, 'evil.' The offensive 
 discharge from the nose, and other symptoms in- 
 dicating a morbid condition of the Schneideriau 
 membrane that accompany the worst forms of 
 scarlatina. 
 
 RHINOCATARRHUS, Coryza. 
 
 RHINOCNES'MUS, from piv, 'the nose,' and 
 Kvriajxoi, ' itching.' Itching of the nose. 
 
 RHINODYNIA, Rhinalgia. 
 
 RHINOPHO'NIA, from piv, 'the nose,' and 
 fwvr;, ' the voice.' A nasal voice, called, also, 
 Di/spho'nia immodula' ta nasa'lia, Parapho'nia 
 naaalis, Paraphonia res'nnans, Psellis'miis na'si- 
 tas, Ifycteropho' uia, Na'sitas, Vox nain'lis, Pn- 
 rala'lia nusa'lis. Speaking through the nose. 
 
 RHINOPLAS'TIC, Rhinoplas'tica (ars), from 
 piv, 'the nose,' and TrXao-o-u, 'I form.' An epithet 
 applied to the operation for forming a new nose. 
 The Taliacotinn operation, so called because de- 
 scribed by Tagliacozzi. It consists in bringing 
 down a portion of flesh from the forehead, and 
 causing it to adhere to the anterior part of tho 
 remains of the nose. 
 
 RIIINOP'TIA, from piv, 'the nose,' and ot- 
 TOjiai, 'I see.' The act of seeing over the rose. 
 Squinting over the nose. 
 
 RHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. 
 
 RHINOR'RHAPHY, Rhinorrhaph'in, from 
 piv, 'nose,' and /)o0i;, 'a suture.' An opcratfon 
 for the removal of epicanthis, which consists in 
 pinching up a longitudinal fold of the skin, in- 
 cluding this fold in two elliptical incisions, remo- 
 
RHmOREHCEA 
 
 755 
 
 RHUS 
 
 ving it, and bringing together the edges of the 
 wound by harelip suture. 
 
 RHINORRHCE'A, RMnohlennorrhce' a, from 
 piv, pivoi, 'the nose/ and pew, 'I flow.' A dis- 
 charge of limpid mucus from the nose without 
 any inflammatory symptom. A gleet from the 
 nose. 
 
 RHINO'SIS, from ^ivog, 'a skin, leather,' or 
 from piKvos, 'rugous.' The state of looseness and 
 excess of skin observed in phthisis. — Vogel. 
 
 RHINOSTEGNOSIS, Rhinanchone. 
 
 RHIPTASMOS, Jactation. 
 
 RHIPTOLUSIA, Affusion. 
 
 Bins, Nasus. 
 
 RHIZA, Radix. 
 
 RHIZAGRA, Punch. 
 
 RHIZO'MA, Rhizome, from pt^a, 'a root.' The 
 part of the root of a plant, which consists of wood 
 or flesh, as in the carrot. 
 
 RHIZOPH'AGUS, from pi^a, 'a root,' and 
 ipayui, ' I eat.' One who lives on roots. 
 
 RHIZOTOMIST, see Simpks. 
 
 RHIZOTOMUS, Apothecary. 
 
 RHOA, Punica granatum. 
 
 RHODELiE'ON, Oleum rosa' rum. Oil of roses, 
 or oil impregnated with roses. 
 
 RHO'DIA, Rhodi'ola ro'sea, Rosea, Rosewort, 
 (F.) Rhodiole. Sex. Si/st. Dioecia Octandria. The 
 root, Roseroot, when dry, has a very pleasant 
 emell, and is slightly astringent. It is not used. 
 
 RHO'DINUS, Rho'dius, Rosa'cen^, Ro'seus, 
 Roxa'tus. Rosy. Formed of, or containing, roses. 
 
 RHODIOLA ROSEA, Rhodia, 
 
 RHODIOLE, Rhodia. 
 
 RHODITES VINUM. "Wine in which roses 
 have been macerated. 
 
 RHO'DIUM LIGNUM, Rhodium ov Rosewood. 
 The wood or root of a tree supposed to be Ge- 
 nis'ta Canarien'sis of Linnasus. (F.) Roia de 
 rose, Bois de Chypre. Family, Leguminosse. 
 Sex. Si/st. Diadelphia Deeandria. The essential 
 oil is a perfume, and possesses cordial and tonic 
 virtues. Its smell is attractive to fish, rats, &c. 
 
 RHODIUS, Rhodinus. 
 
 RHODODAPHNIS. Nerium oleander. 
 
 RHODODEN'DRON CHRTSAN'THEMUM, 
 R. chrysan'thum seu au'reum seu officina'le, the 
 Olean'der, Rose-bay, Yellow rhododendrum, 3Ioun- 
 tain Laurel, (F.) Bosage, R. chrysanthe. Nat. 
 Ord. Ericaceae. Sex. Syst. Deeandria Monogy- 
 nia. This plant has been recommended in rheu- 
 matism, gout, and syphilis. In an overdose, it 
 produces acro-nareotic symptoms. 
 
 Rhododen'dronMax'imum, Great Laurel, Ame- 
 rican Rose-bay. An indigenous shrub. Order, 
 Ericaceae, which flowers in July. It is stimulant 
 and astringent, and has been used by the Indians 
 in gout and rheumatism. 
 
 RHODOME'LA PALMA'TA, Didse, Sac'cha- 
 rine Fiicus. One of the Algje, eaten in large 
 quantities throughout the maritime countries of 
 the north of Europe, and in the Grecian Archi- 
 pelago. 
 ' RHODOMELI, Mel rosjE. 
 
 RHODON, Rosa centifolia. 
 
 RHODOSACCHARUM, Confectio rosae gal- 
 liete. 
 
 RHODOSTACTON, Mel rosae. 
 
 RHODOSTAGMA, Aqua rosae. 
 
 RHQ5A, Punica granatum. 
 
 RHCEAS, Papaver rhoeas. 
 
 RHOEBDESIS, Absorption. 
 
 RHCEUM, Rheum. 
 
 RHOGMOS, Rattle. 
 
 RIIOI'TES, poiTns, a wine impregnated with 
 the pomegranate ; from poeg. Pomegranates, — 
 Dioscorides. A confection, made by boiling the 
 
 juice of the pomegranate in honey. — Paulus of 
 
 ^gina. 
 
 RHOMBOiDEUS, from popPo;, 'a rhombus,' 
 whose sides are equal, with two obtuse and two 
 acute angles. Rhomboideus major and minor, 
 RhomboV des, Cervici-dorso-sca2)ulaire. A muscle 
 situate at the pos'erior inferior part of the neck, 
 and at the posterior part of the back. It has a 
 rhomboidal shape, and is attached, by its inner 
 edge, to the posterior cervical ligament, and to 
 the spinous processes of the last cervical verte- 
 bra, and of the first four or five dorsal. By its 
 outer edge, it is attached to the spinal or poste- 
 rior edge of the scapula. It is divided into two 
 fasciculi, constituting the Rhomboideus major and 
 minor, the latter being situate higher than the 
 other. This muscle draws the scapula backwards 
 and upwards, and impresses upon it a rotatory 
 motion, which brings its inferior angle nearer to 
 the spine ; and, consequently, depresses the an- 
 terior angle and the shoulder. 
 
 RHOMBOS, popPoi. A bandage mentioned by 
 Galen, so called on account of its rhomboidal 
 shape. 
 
 'RHO^ CH Ah, Rhoneha' I is, from ronchus, 'rat- 
 tle.' Relating or appertaining to rhonchus : — 
 as 'rhonchal fluctuation,' the fremitus that occurs 
 through the influence of respiration as an attend- 
 ant on cavernous rhonchi. — Walshe. 
 
 RHONCHUS, Rattle, Snoring, Stertor— r. Ca- 
 vernous, see Gurgling — r. Cavernulous, see Gur- 
 gling — r. Crepitans, RCde crepitant — r. Crepitans 
 Redux, see Crepitant — r. Mucous, see Rale mn- 
 queux—r. Sibilans, see Rale crepitant — r. Sibilus, 
 Rale sibilant — r. Sonorus, Rale sonore — r. Sub- 
 crepitant, see Rale muqueux. 
 
 RHOPALISMUS, Priapismns. 
 
 RHOPALOSIS, Plica, Pupil, Uvea. 
 
 RHOPE, Congestion. 
 
 RHOTACISMUS, Rotacism. 
 
 RHUBARB, Rheum — r. Chinese, see Rheum 
 — r. French, Rheum Rhapontieum — r. India, 
 see Rheum — r. Krimea, Rheum Rhapontieum 
 ■ — r. Monk's, Rumex Alpinus, Rumex patientia — 
 r. Poor man's, Thalictron — r. Rhapontic, Rheum 
 Rhapontieum — r. Russia, see Rheum — r. Turkey. 
 see Rheum — r. Wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 RHUBARBE FAUSSE, Thalictron — »-. d<^a 
 Panvres, Thalictron. 
 
 RHUE, Ruta. 
 
 RHUiMATALGIE. Rheumatism, chronic 
 
 R H UMA TIQ UE, Rb eumatic. 
 
 RHUMA TISANT, Rheumatic. 
 
 RHUMATISMALE, Rheumatic. 
 
 RHUMATISME, Rheumatism — r. Aigu, 
 Rheumatism, acute — r. Chronique, Rheumatism, 
 chronic — r. Preabdomrinale, Rheumatism, prae- 
 abdominal — r. de l' Uterus, Metrorrheuma. 
 
 RHUME, Rheum — r. de Cerveau, Coryza — 
 r. de Poitrine, Catarrh. 
 
 RHUS CORIA'RIA, Sumach, Shumack, Rhus 
 Glabrum, Adu'rion, Elm-leaved Sumach, (F.) 
 Sumac des Corroyeurs. Family, Terebinthacea;. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia, This is the 
 only species of the genus rhus that is innocent. 
 Both the leaves and berries have been used as 
 astringents and tonics. 
 
 Rhus Glabrtjm, Rh. coriarLa. 
 
 Rhus Radi'cans, Rhus vemix, Poison vine 
 {America). This plant is poisonous (see Poisons. 
 Table of), and is extremely acrid, when applied 
 to the skin, producing erysipelas and vesications, 
 and has been used, like the next variety, in pa- 
 ralysis and other nervous afiections, 
 
 Rhus Sylvestris, Myrica gale. 
 
 Rhus Toxicoden'dron, Toxicoden' dr-on. Poison 
 Oak {America), (F.) Sumac venSnenx. This plant 
 has been used in paralytic affections and cutauo< 
 
RHTPAEIA 
 
 756 
 
 RINGWORM 
 
 Otts eruptions. It is poisonous, like the last. 
 Dose, gr. ss to gr. iv. 
 
 Rhus Vernix, Rh. radicans. 
 
 RHYPARIA, Rupia, Sordes primarum viarum. 
 
 RHYPOS, Sordes. 
 
 RHYPTICA, Detergents. 
 
 RHYPTICUS, Abstergent. 
 
 RHYSIS, Flux. 
 
 RHYSMUS, Rhythm. 
 
 RHYSSEMA, AVrinkle. 
 
 RHYTHM, Bhythmus, RTiysmiis, 'measured 
 movement.' The order or proportion, as regards 
 time, which reigns between the different move- 
 ments of an organ — as of the heart ; — or of the 
 organism in health and disease. Thus, rhythm 
 is applied to the diurnal variations of the pulse ; 
 and to the paroxysmal movements of an inter- 
 mittent. 
 
 RHYTHMICAL, Periodical. 
 
 RHYTHMicAii Contractions of Muscles, are 
 those that succeed one another after regular in- 
 tervals. 
 
 RHYTHMUS, Rhythm. 
 
 RHYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis. 
 
 RIB, Costa — r. False, see Costa — r. Floating, 
 see Costa — r. Sternal, see Costa — r. True, see 
 Costa. 
 
 RIBES NIGRUM, R. oVidnm, Grossnla'ria 
 nigra, Cassis. The Black currant, (F.) Groseil- 
 lier noir. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. 
 The berries have been recommended in sore- 
 throat, as diuretics. The leaves have been ad- 
 vised for the same purpose. They are chiefly 
 used as preserves. 
 
 RiBEs Olidum, R. nigrum — r. Officinale, R. 
 rubrum. 
 
 RiBEs Rubrum, R. officina'le seu vtilga're, 
 Grossnla'ria non spino'sa seu rubra, the Red cw- 
 1-ant, (F.) GroseilUer rouge ; of which the White 
 is only a variety. It is cultivated, and affords 
 an agreeable fruit. It possesses the qualities of 
 the subacid fruits in general, and makes an ex- 
 cellent preserve. 
 
 RiBES VuLGARE, R. rubrum. 
 
 RIBS, NECK OF THE, Collum eostarum — 
 r. Short, see Costa. 
 
 RICE, Oryza — r. Disease, Cholera — r. Ground, 
 see Oryza — r. Jelly, see Oryza. 
 
 Rice Water, see Oryza. The evacuations of 
 cholera have been termed — from their resem- 
 blance to rice-water — ' rice-toater discharges;' 
 and in India, 'congee discharges;' — congee in 
 Hindoostanee meaning 'rice-water.' 
 
 Rice, Wild, Zizania aquatica. 
 
 RICHARDSONIA, see Ipecacuanha. 
 
 RiCHLEAF, Collinsonia Canadensis. 
 
 RICHWEED, Acteea racemosa. Ambrosia tri- 
 Cda, Collinsonia Canadensis, Pilea pumila. 
 
 RICIN, Ricinus communis. 
 
 RICINOIDES, Jatropha curcas. 
 
 RICINUS COMMU'NIS. The Castor oil 
 plant, Catapu'tia major, Ricinus vnlga'ris seu 
 vir'idis, Raima Christi, Faba purga'trix, Cerua, 
 Kerua, Cici, (F.) Ricin, Five piirgatif. Fa- 
 mily, Euphorbiaceae. Sex. Syst. Mon'oecia Mona- 
 delphia. Castor-oil seeds, whence the oil is ob- 
 tained, are inodorous; taste acrid and slightly 
 sweetish. One or two seeds — Sem'ina Cata2m'tim 
 niajoris seu Ric"ini vnlga'ris — will act as a ca- 
 thartic ; but the oil is alone used. It is obtained 
 by bruising the castor-seeds, previously deeorti- 
 eated, and then expressing the oil without the 
 application of heat. Recently-drawn castor oil. 
 Oleum dp herva, 0. hervi'num, Alker'va, Oleum 
 Ric"ini, 0. Cic"'innm, 0. Palmce liq'uidum, 0. 
 tie Raima Ckristi, (F.) Iluile de Ricin, is inodor- 
 -•us and nearly insipid. It is cathartic, operating 
 fpeedily, and may be used in all cases where 
 
 powerfully stimulating purgatives would be ia« 
 jurious. Dose, fgj to f^iss. Hufeland recom- 
 mends that a drop of croton oil shall be ad- 
 ded to an ounce of the oil of poppy, and that 
 the mixture shall be called O'leum Ric"ini Offi- 
 cina'le. 
 
 At the Cape of Good Hope the oil is obtained 
 from Ricinus liv'idus. 
 
 A variety of Ricinus at Cape Verd is employed 
 by the inhabitants to increase the secretion of 
 milk. It is applied in the form of poultice, made 
 with the green leaves, to the mammae, or of a 
 strong decoction, with which the mammae and 
 the external parts of generation are washed. 
 
 Ricinus Lividus, see Ricinus communis — r. 
 Major, Jatropha curcas — r. Minor, Jatropha ma- 
 nihot — r. Viride, R, communis — r. Vulgaris, R. 
 communis. 
 
 RICKETS, Rachitis. 
 
 RICKETY, Rachiticus. 
 
 RICTUS LUPINUS, see Harelip. 
 
 RIBE^ Wrinkle. 
 
 RIBF, Wrinkled. 
 
 RIDING (of Bones). Ossinm euperposit"io, 
 (F.) Chevauchement. Displacement of the frag- 
 ments of a bone, chiefly produced by the contrac- 
 tion of muscles, which occasions shortening of 
 the limb; the fractured extremities riding over 
 each other, instead of being end to end. 
 
 RIGIDITAS, Rigidity. 
 
 RiGiDiTAS Aeticulc'rum, Ancylo'sis spu'ria. 
 Stiffness of the joints. False ancylosis. 
 
 RIGIDITY, Rigid' itas, from rigere, 'to stiffen.' 
 Great stiffness of fibre, or want of suppleness. 
 The stiffness of the dead body, (F.) Roideur ca- 
 davSriqne, is one of the most certain signs of the 
 cessation of life. 
 
 RI'GOR, Rhigos, Algor, Coldness, Cheim'ia, 
 (F.) Frisson. Same etymon. Sensation of cold, 
 with involuntary shivering of the whole body : — 
 a symptom of fever. A slighter degree, and at 
 times full rigor, is occasionally termed a chill, 
 frigus ten'ue, perfrigera'tio. 
 
 Rigor Artuum, Contractura — r. Cadaverosus, 
 Rigor mortis — r. Corporis mortui. Rigor mortis 
 — r. Emortualis, Rigor mortis — r. Maxillae infe 
 rioris. Trismus. 
 
 Rigor Mortis, R. cor'poris mor'tui, R. cada- 
 vero'sus, R. emortua'lis, Necronarce'ma, (F.) i?oi'- 
 deur ou Raideur cadaveriqiie. ' Stiffness of 
 death.' Death stiffening. The rigidity of limbs 
 that occurs on dissolution. 
 
 Rigor Nervorum, Tetanus — r. Nervosus, Te- 
 tanus. 
 
 RIMA, Schisma, Schiza, A fissure, a cleft ; as 
 Rima, or Ri'mida Olot'tidis seu Baryn'gis, ' the 
 opening of the glottis.' Rima vuIvcb, R. magna, 
 Intro'ilus, Sinus vnlvee, Scapha, Scaphvs seu Fis- 
 su'ra magna seu Scissn'ra vzdvcB, Schiza, ' the 
 opening of the vulva.' See Vulva. 
 
 Rima Canalis Orbitarii, Suborbitar fissure — 
 r. ad Infundibulum, Vulva cerebri — r. Laryngis, 
 Rima glottidis — r. Magna, Vulva, see Rima — r. 
 Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fissure, transverse, 
 of the brain. 
 
 RIM^, Rhagades. 
 
 RIMULA GLOTTIDIS, Rima glottidis — r. 
 Laryngis, Rima glottidis. 
 
 RINjSUS, Compressor naris. 
 
 RINCHOS, Rostrum. 
 
 RING, Sax. hpms, pins. Germ. Ring, Cricos, 
 (F.) A7ineau. A name given to natural, circular, 
 or roundish apertures, with muscular or aponeu- 
 rotic parietes, which serve for the passage of 
 some vessel or canal: — as the umbilical ring, 
 inguinal ring, &c. 
 
 RINGWORM, Herpes circinatus — r. of the 
 
EIRE 
 
 757 
 
 ROSA 
 
 Scalp, Porrigo scutulata — r. Ulcerative, Herpes 
 exedens — r. Vesicular, Herpes praeputii. 
 
 EIRE ou RIS, Risus — r. Canin, Canine laugh 
 — r. Moqueur, Canine laugh — r. Sardonien, Ca- 
 nine laugh, Risus sardonicus — r. Sardonique, 
 Canine laugh. 
 
 RISAGON, Cassumuniar. 
 
 RISIGALLUM, Orpiment. 
 
 RISING, see Regurgitation — r. of the Lights, 
 Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 Rising or Eleva'tion op the Pulse, Pulstla 
 eleva'tio. The pulse is said to rise, when it be- 
 comes more full and frequent, as occurs in the 
 exacerbation of acute diseases. 
 
 RISO'RIUS NOVUS. Santorini gives this 
 name to a portion of the platysma myoides, 
 which passes from the cheek towards the com- 
 missure of the lips. 
 
 RISSIGALLUM, Orpiment. 
 
 RISUS, from ridere, riaum, ' to laugh.' Gelus, 
 Laughing, Laughter, Laugh, (F.) Rire ou Ris. 
 An involuntary movement of the muscles of the 
 face, and of the lips in particular, accompanied 
 with a sonorous and interrupted respiration, com- 
 monly indicating mirth and satisfaction. 
 
 Risus Apium, Ranunculus seeleratus — r. Ca- 
 ninus, Canine laugh — r. Involuntarius, Canine 
 laugh — r. Sardonicus, Canine laugh — r. Spasti- 
 cus. Canine laugh. 
 
 RITA-CRISTINA. A celebrated double mon- 
 ster, born in Sardinia, in 1829. It lived to be 
 nearly nine months old. Two distinct bodies 
 were united at the pelvis. Below, the monster 
 was single. 
 
 RIVER WEED, Conferva rivalis. 
 
 RIZ, Oryza. r 
 
 ROAN TREE, Sorbus aeuparia. 
 
 ROB, Roob, Rohub, Rohob, Rohab, (F.) Extrait 
 des fi-uits. This word, of Arabic extraction, 
 means the juice of any fruit thickened to the 
 consistence of honey by evaporation, before it 
 has fermented. The juice of the grape, boiled to 
 this consistence, was called Sajia, and, when not 
 quite so thick, Defru'tum. 
 
 Rob Cynosbatos, Confectio rosse caninae — r. 
 6x Moris, Diamorion — r. Nucum, Diacaryon. 
 
 ROBIN RUN-AWAY, Glechoma hederacea, 
 
 ROBIN'IA AMA'RA, Family, Leguminosse. 
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Deeandria. The roots of 
 the Robinia amara of Cochin China are bitter, 
 and have been recommended, especially in that 
 country, in diarrhoea and dyspepsia. 
 
 Robinia Psecdo-Aca'cI'I, Pseudaca'cia odo- 
 ra'ta. False Aca'cia, Black Locust, Locust-tree ; 
 native of America. The flowers are said to pos- 
 sess antispasmodic properties. 
 
 ROBORANS, Corroborant. 
 
 ROBORANTIA, Tonics. 
 
 ROBUB, Rob. 
 
 ROCCELLA, Lichen roccella — r. Tinctoria, 
 Lichen roccella. 
 
 ROCHE'S EMBROCATION FOR HOOPING- 
 COUGH. An empirical preparation, composed 
 of ol. oliv. ^xvj, ol. succin. ^viij, ol. caryoph., 
 q. s. to scent it strongly. 
 
 ROCHER, see Temporal bone. 
 
 ROCHETTA ALEXANDRINA, Soda. 
 ROCKET, GARDEN, Brassica eruca— r. Ro- 
 man, Brassica eruca. 
 
 ROCK ROSE, Helianthemum Canadense, H. 
 Corymbosum. 
 
 ROCOU, Terra Orleana. 
 
 RODSCHIEDIA BURSA PASTORIS,Thlaspi 
 bursa. 
 EOGNE, Psora. 
 ROHAB, Rob. 
 
 ROHENA BARK, Swietenia. 
 ROHOB, Rob. 
 
 ROHUN, see Strychnos nux vomica. 
 ROIDEUR OADAVERIQUE, Rigor mortis. 
 ROISDORFF, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Alkaline waters in Germany, which contain car- 
 bonic acid and carbonate of soda. 
 ROLLER, Bandage, Fascia. 
 R02IARIN, Rosmarinus — r. Sauvage, Ledum 
 sylvestre. 
 
 ROME, (CLIMATE OF.) The climate of 
 Rome, as regards its physical qualities, is con- 
 sidered to be one of the best in Italy. It is pe- 
 culiarly still ] and, hence, has been esteemed 
 favorable as a winter climate in pulmonary dis- 
 eases, and for invalids generally, as it admits of 
 their taking exercise in the open air at a lower 
 temperature than they otherwise could do. In 
 the early stages of consumption, Sir James Clark 
 generally found the climate favourable. 
 ROMPEURE, Hernia. 
 
 RONCE, Rubus id£eus — r. Bleue, Rubus cse- 
 sius — r. de Montague, Rubus chamsemorus — r. 
 Noire, Rubus fruticosus. 
 
 RONCHUS, Snoring, Stertor. 
 RONE, Round — r. Grand, Teres major — r. 
 Petit, Teres minor. 
 
 RONFLEMENT, Snoring, Stertor, see Rattle 
 — r. de Diable, Bruit de Eiable. 
 ROOB, Rob. 
 
 ROOF OF THE MOUTH, Palate. 
 ROOT, Radix — r. Ague, Aletris farinosa — r. 
 Bitter, Apocynum androssemifolium — r. Canada, 
 Asclepias tuberosa — r. Red, Celastrus — r. Rough, 
 Liatris — r. of Scarcity, Beta hybrida — r. Squaw, 
 Actcea racemosa — r. Sweet, Acorus calamus — r. 
 Unicorn, Aletris farinosa — r. Yellow, Xanthoriza 
 apiifolia — r. Yellow, Jefi"ersonia Bartoni. 
 ROPE BARK, Dirca palustris. 
 ROQUETTE, Brassica eruca. Soda. 
 RORELLA, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 RORIF'EROUS, Ror'ifer, (F.) Rorifh-e, from 
 ros, 'dew,' andyerro, 'to carry.' An epithet given 
 to vessels which povur exhaled fluids on the sur- 
 face of organs. 
 
 Roriferous Duct, Thoracic duet. 
 ROS, Sperm — r. Calabrinus, Fraxinus ornus — 
 r. Solis, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 
 ROSA, R. centifolia — r. Afzeliana, R. canina. 
 Rosa Alba, R. usitatis'sima, R. leucan'tka. 
 The White Rose, (V.) Rosier blanc. Family, Ro- 
 sacese. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. The 
 flowers of this species possess similar but inferior 
 qualities to the damask. 
 
 Rosa Armata, R. canina — r. Austriaca, R. 
 Gallica — r. Calycina, R. canina. 
 
 Rosa Cani'na, R. sylves'tris seu sentico'sa seu 
 Sioartzia'na seu Afzelia'na seu arma'ta seu caly- 
 ci'na seu rubra vulga'ris, Oynor'rhodon, Caniru'- 
 bus, Cani'nus Sentis, Cynocyt'isus, Cynospas'tum, 
 Cynos'batos, Dog Rose, Wild Briar, Hip Tree, 
 (F.) Rose du chien, Eglantier de chien, E. sau- 
 vagi. The fruit of this variety, called Heps or 
 Hips, has a sourish taste, and is formed into a 
 conserve. See Confectio cynosbati. It is seldom 
 employed, except to give form to more active 
 remedies; as to pills, boluses, linctuses, &c. 
 
 Rosa Centifo'lia ; Hecatomphyl'la, Lamask 
 Rose, Rosa Eamasce'na, R. Pal'lida, (F.) Rosier 
 d cent feuilles, Rhodon, Rosa. The petals of this 
 rose have an extremely fragrant odour, and sub- 
 acidulous taste. They are laxative ,• but are 
 scarcely used for any purposes except for the 
 distillation of rose water. Oil of Roses, Oleum 
 RoscB, and the formation of a syrup. 
 Rosa Damascena, R. centifolia. 
 Rosa Gal'lica, R. Austriaca, Rosa rubra, Red 
 Rose, (F.) Rosier de Provine. The petals of this 
 variety are astringent; and are used in iufusioOf 
 conserve, &c. 
 
EOS AGE 
 
 758 
 
 EOUGOU 
 
 Rosa Lettcantha, R. alba — ^r. Pallida, R. cen- 
 tifolia — r. Rubra, R. Gallica — r. Rubra vulgaris, 
 R. canina — r. Saltans, Essera — r. Senticosa, R. 
 canina — r. Swartziana, R. canina — r. Sylvestris, 
 R. canina — r. Usatitissima, R. alba. 
 
 It OS AGE, Roseola. 
 
 ROSACEUS, Rhodinus. 
 
 ROSAGE, Rhododendron chrysanthemum. 
 
 ROSAGO, Nerium oleander. 
 
 ROSALIA, Scarlatina. 
 
 EOSx\LI^, Scarlatina. 
 
 R.03ATUS, Rhodinus. 
 
 ROSE, Erysipelas — r. Christmas, Helleborus 
 Diger — r. Corn, Papaver rhoeas — r. Damask, Rosa 
 centifolia — r. Dog, Rosa canina — r. Dog, conserve 
 or confection of, Confectio rosse caninse — r. dv, 
 chien, Rosa canina — r. Rash, Roseola — r. Red, 
 ^osa Gallica — r. Rock, Helianthemum Corym- 
 bosum — r. Spots, Spots, red — r. White, Rosa alba. 
 
 ROSEA, Rhodia. 
 
 ROSEBALM, SCARLET, Monarda coceinea. 
 
 ROSEBAY, AMERICAN, Rhododendron 
 maximum, 
 
 ROSE DROP, Gutta rosea. 
 
 ROSELLINA, Roseolae. 
 
 ROSEMARY, Rosmarinus — r. Marsh, Statice 
 limonium, and S. Caroliniana — r. Wild, Erioce- 
 phalus umbellulatus. 
 
 ROSENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Rosenheim is 34 miles S. E. from Miinich, in 
 Bavaria. The waters contain sulphuretted hy- 
 drogen, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, chlo- 
 rides of calcium and magnesium, carbonate of 
 soda, and oxide of iron. They are used as tonics. 
 
 ROSE'OLA, Exanthe'sis Roseola, Rose Rash, 
 (F.) Roseole, Eruption anomale, Rosace, Fievre 
 rouge. Efflorescence eri/sij)elateitse. An efflores- 
 cence in blushing patches, gradually deepening 
 to a rose-colour, mostly circular or oval j often 
 alternately fading and reviving; sometimes, with 
 a colourless nucleus ; and chiefiy on the cheeks, 
 neck, or arms, li is frequently found, as a 
 Bympcom, in dentition, dyspepsia, rheumatism, 
 &c., and is of no consequence. See Roseola, 
 Rubeola, and Scarlatina. 
 
 Roseola Acnosa, Gutta rosea. 
 
 Roseola ^sti'ta. The affection which pre- 
 rails in summer. The eruption is of a darker 
 colour, and is attended with more itching. 
 
 Roseola Anndla'ta. Characterized by patches 
 in the form of rose-coloured rays, with central 
 areas of the colour of the skin. 
 
 Roseola Ficosa, Sycosis — r. Variolosa, Ro- 
 geolae. 
 
 ROSE'OLA, Roseola, Roselli'na, False mea- 
 eles, French, measles, (F.) Roseole, Fausse rongeole. 
 This name is also given by some to an acute ex- 
 anthem, midway between measles and scarlatina, 
 and which belongs to neither one nor the other, 
 as it affords no protection against either. It is, 
 also, termed RubeolcB by some. An eruption 
 which often precedes that of small-pox is termed 
 Roseola Variola' sa. 
 
 ROSEOLE, Roseola, Roseolse. 
 
 ROSE PINK, Chironia angularis. 
 
 ROSES, MILK OF. A cosmetic wash, formed, 
 according to one method, of svbcarbonate of po- 
 tass, gr. vj ; oil of almonds, ^j ; essence of berga- 
 fitof, 3ij; aquce rosea, §iij; orange flower water, 
 !^ij. Mix. 
 
 ROSE US, Rhodinus. 
 
 ROSEWOOD, Rhodium lignum. 
 ROSEWORT, Rhodia. 
 
 ROSIER BLANC, Rosa alba — r. cl Cent 
 jeuillea, R. centifolia — r. de Provins, Rosa Gal- 
 lica 
 
 ROSIN, BLACK, Colophonia — r. Brown, Co- 
 lopbonia — r. Weed, Silphium terebinthaceum — 
 
 r. White, see Pinus sylvestris — r. Yellow, see 
 Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 ROSIO STOMACHI, Cardialgia — r. Ventri- 
 culi, Cardialgia. 
 
 ROSMARINUM, Rosmarinus. 
 ROSMARI'NUS, R. officina'lis sen latifo'lius 
 seu horten'sis, Alchachil, Libano'tis corona'ria, 
 Bendrolib' anus, Rosemary , (F.)Rowarin. Famihj, 
 Labiatje. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. The 
 tops of this plant, Rosmarinus, (Ph. U. S.) Herha 
 Anthos, have a fragrant, grateful smell; and an 
 aromatic, warm, bitterish taste, which is depend- 
 ent upon an essential oil, combined with camphor. 
 Rosemary has been recommended in nervous 
 headachs, in the form of infusion. It is now 
 rarely used, except for its odour. The flower is 
 called Anthos, av^S■os. Its oil — Oleum Rosmarini 
 — is ofiBcinal. From two to six or ten drops are 
 given in nervous complaints, rubbed up with 
 sugar. 
 
 Rosmarinus Hortbnsis, Rosmarinus — r. Lati- 
 folius, Rosmarinus — r. Officinalis, Rosmarinus — 
 r. Stsechadis facie, Teucrium creticum — r. Syl- 
 vestris, Ledum sylvestre. 
 
 ROSSALIA, Scarlatina — r. Squamosa, Scarla- 
 tina. 
 
 ROSSIG'NOL. A name given, in France, to 
 an affection to which pressmen are subject. It 
 is a sprain, followed by tumefaction of the radio- 
 carpal joint. 
 
 ROSSOLIO, see Spirit. 
 
 ROSTRUM, Rhinchos, Rinchoa, Ramphos, 'a 
 beak.' (F.) Bee. A name given to several old 
 forceps, ou account of their resemblance to the 
 beaks of different birds. The principal were the 
 Rostrum corvi'num, anati'num, psittaci'num, vuU 
 turi'num, cyg'neum vel olori'num, grui'num, laeer^ 
 ti'num, &c. 
 
 Rostrum Externum, Olecranon — r. Porcinum, 
 Acromion — r. Posterius, Olecranon — r. Sphenoi- 
 dale, Azyges processus. 
 
 ROSY BUSH, Spiraja tomentosa — r. Drop, 
 Gutta rosea — r. AVhelk, Gutta rosea. 
 
 ROT, Eructation. 
 
 ROT, Grinders', Asthma, grinders'. 
 
 ROT'ACISM, Rotacism'us, Rhotaeis'mus, PseU 
 lis'mus rhotaeis'mus, (F.) Grasseyement. A vi- 
 cious pronunciation of the Greek, P, Rau, com- 
 mon in the northern parts of England; especially 
 near Newcastle. 
 
 ROTACISMUS, Grasseyement. 
 
 ROTA'TOR, from rota, ' a wheel.' A name 
 given to several muscles that turn the parts to 
 which they are attached upon their axes; — such 
 as, the oblique muscles of the eye, the pronators, 
 supinators, &c. 
 
 Rotator, Trochanter. 
 
 ROTATO'RES DORSI. Eleven smull mus- 
 cles on each side of the dorsal vertobrfe, which 
 arise from the point or upper edge of each trans- 
 verse process, and pass to the lower edge of the 
 arch of the vertebra above, as far as the base of 
 the transverse process. Their action is to rotate 
 the individual vertebrse on each other. 
 
 Rotatores Femoris, Obturatores — r. Oculi, 
 Oblique muscles of the eye. 
 
 ROTULA, Patella, Trochiscos — r. Genu, Pa- 
 tella. 
 
 ROTULAD, see Rotular aspect. 
 
 ROT'ULAR; from rotula, -the patella.' Re- 
 lating or appertaining to the patella. 
 
 Rot'ular Aspect. An aspect towards tho 
 side on which the rotula is situated. — Barclay. 
 Rot'idad is used by the same writer, adverbially, 
 to signify ' towards the rotular aspect.' 
 
 ROTULE, Patella. 
 
 ROTUNDUS, Round. 
 
 ROUCOU, Terra Orleana. 
 
ROUEN 
 
 759 
 
 RUB US 
 
 ROUEN, MINERAL "WATERS OF. This 
 water, known under the name, Eau des fontaines 
 de la JIareguerie, is cold, and contains carbonate 
 of iron, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, chloride 
 of calcium, &c. It is tonic. 
 
 ROUGE, Colcothar — r. d'Angleterre, Colco- 
 thar. ^ 
 
 ROUGEOLE, Rubeola — r. Faueae, Roseolce. 
 
 ROUGEURS, Flush. 
 
 ROUGH ROOT, Liatris, 
 
 ROUILLE, Rubiginous. 
 
 ROUND, Teres, Rotun'diw, (F.) Rond. Ana- 
 tomists have given this name to many organs 
 whose fibres are collected in round fasciculi. See 
 Teres. 
 
 Round Foramen, Fora'men rotund' um. A 
 foramen of the sphenoid bone, a little behind the 
 foramen lacerum superius, which gives passage 
 to the second -branch of the fifth pair of nerves, 
 called superior maxillary. 
 
 RoUx\D Heart, Thaspium atropurpureum. 
 
 RouNB Ligaments op the Uterus, Ligamen'ta 
 rotund'a U'teri, (F.) Cordons sus-p>uhiens (Ch.), 
 Cordons vasculaires, Ligaments ronds de I'uterus. 
 Two cords, which arise from the lateral and su- 
 perior parts of the uterus, whence they proceed 
 towards the abdominal rings, which they pass 
 through, and terminate by vanishing in the areo- 
 lar tissue of the groins, mons veneris, and labia 
 majora. These cords are whitish, flattened, and 
 narrower in the middle than at the extremities. 
 According to Mr. Rainey, they are composed 
 chiefly of the striped muscular fibre. 
 
 ROUTINE PRACTITIONER, Routinist. 
 
 ROUTINIST, pronounced routeen' ist ; (F.) 
 Routinier ; from (F.) routine; 'a regular habit or 
 practice, unvaried by circumstances.' One who 
 practises in such an unvaried manner : — a rou- 
 tine practitioner. 
 
 RUBBER, INDIAN, Caoutchouc. 
 
 RUBBING SOUNDS, Bruit de Frottement. 
 
 RUBE'DO, Rubor, Redness; from rubere, 
 'to be red.' A diflFused, but not spotted, redness 
 on any part of the skin ; like that which arises 
 from blushing. Blushing. 
 
 RUBEFA'CIENT, EretMs'ma, Erethis'ticHm, 
 Rubefa'ciens, from ruber, 'red,' and /a'f(o, ' I 
 make.' (F.) Rubeflant. That which produces 
 redness. A medicine which causes redness of 
 the skin. The action is called Rube/action. 
 
 RUBEFIANT, Rubefacient. 
 
 RUBE'OLA, Rubeola vulga'ris, from rubere, 
 ' to be red.' Rose'olm, Exanthe'sis Rubeola, Ve- 
 tera'na, Blac'cia, Bovil'lm, Morbil'li, Scarlati'na 
 2}U8tulo'sa, S. ililia'ris, Febris morbillo'sa, Ty- 
 pJius morbillosus, Phcenicis'mus, Ecphy'mata, Ilea- 
 eles; (F.) Rougeole, Fievre m.orbilleuse. One of 
 the major exanthemata; generally affl'ecting indi- 
 viduals but once, and produced by specific conta- 
 gion. The rash usually appears on the fourth, 
 but sometimes on the third, fifth, or sixth day of 
 a febrile disorder ; and, after a continuance of 
 four days, gradually declines with the fever. 
 The disease generally commences from ten to 
 fourteen days after the contagion has been re- 
 ceived. The eruption first shows itself in dis- 
 tinct, red, and nearly circular spots, somewhat 
 less than the ordinary areolfe of flea-bites. As 
 these increase in number, they coalesce; forming 
 small patches of an irregular figure, but approach- 
 ing nearest to that of semicircles or crescents. 
 These patches are intermixed with single, circu- 
 lar dots and with interstices of the natural colour 
 of the skin. On the face they are slightly raised, 
 so as to give the sensation of inequality of surface 
 10 the finger passed over the cuticle. The disap- 
 pearance of the eruption is followed by desqua- 
 mation of the cuticle. Measles is not dangerous 
 
 of itself; but it is liable to induce pneumonia in 
 winter, and dysentery in summer, which are, at 
 times, very fatal. These are apt to come on at 
 the time of, or soon after, the disappearance of 
 the eruption. When thoy supervene, they must 
 be treated as idiopathic affections. It demands 
 a general antiphlogistic treatment. Willan has 
 pointed out a kind of Rubeola sptj'ria, which 
 he calls Rubeola sine Catar'rho. In this the 
 rash runs its regular course, with little fever or 
 catarrhal affection ; affording no certain security 
 against the common or regular disease. He also 
 gives the name, Rubeola Nigra or Black Mea- 
 sles, to an unusual appearance of the measles 
 about the seventh or eighth day, when the rash 
 becomes suddenly livid, with a mixture of yellow. 
 It is devoid of inconvenience or danger ; and is 
 removed in a week or ten days by the mineral 
 acids and tonics. 
 
 RUBEOLA, Roseolse. 
 
 RU'BIA, R. Tincto'rum seu peregri'na seu syl- 
 ves'tris, Erythrod' anum. Rubra major, Radix 
 rubra, Dyer's Madder, Iladder, (F.) Garance. 
 Family, Rubiacese. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mo- 
 nogynia. The roots of this plant have a bitterish, 
 somewhat austere, taste, and a slight, not agree- 
 able, smell. They were formerly considered de- 
 obstruent, detergent, and diuretic. 
 
 RUBIG"INOUS, Ruhigino'sus, from rubigo, 
 'rust.' (F.) Ronille. Rusty. Having the colour 
 of rust. An epithet given to the sputa in certa.in 
 eases of pneumonia. 
 
 RUBINUS VERUS, Anthrax. 
 
 RUBOR, Rubedo. 
 
 RUBRI'CA FABRI'LIS. A red, heavy, 
 earthy matter, formerly employed for making 
 drying plasters; Hard Ruddle, Red Chalk. 
 
 "Rubrica Sinop'ioa. a heavy, compact, red- 
 dish earth : formerly used in diarrhoea. 
 
 RUBRIN, Haematiu. 
 
 RUBUS AFFINIS, R. fruticosus. 
 
 RuBUS Arc'ticus. The Shrubby Strawbei-ry, 
 Baccas Norland'icas. Family, Rosacea. Sex. 
 Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. The fruit is recom- 
 mended by Linnteus as possessing antiseptic, re- 
 frigerant, and antiscorbutic equalities. 
 
 RuBus Batus, R. Ceesius. 
 
 RuBUS C^'SIUS, R. batus; the Dewberry plant, 
 (F.) Ronce bleue. The fruit resembles the black- 
 berry in appearance and properties. The bark 
 of the root of R. Trivia'lis, American Dewberry, 
 is astringent. 
 
 RuBUS Chamjemo'rus ; the Cloudberry Tree, 
 Chamcsmo'rus, C. Norwegiea, Chamadrys, Cloud- 
 berries, Knot-berries, (F.) Ronce de Montague. 
 The ripe fruit is sometimes prepared like a jam, 
 and used in fevers, &c., to allay thirst. It has 
 been much extolled as an antiscorbutic. 
 
 RuBus Frambcesianus, R. Idaeus. 
 
 RuBUS Frutico'sus, R. affi'nis seu panicula'- 
 tus seu 71 iger seu vulga'ris; the Common Bram- 
 ble, which affords Blackberries, (F.) Ronce noire. 
 The berries are eaten as a summer fruit, of which 
 they form a poor variety. The bark of the root 
 of the Rubus villo'sus, American Blachberry, 
 High or standing blackberry, Hairy American 
 Bramble, is astringent, and has been used in tho 
 last stages of dysentery, and in cholera infantum 
 
 BuBUS Idje'vs, R. fraynboesia'nus, Batos ; the 
 Raspberry, (F.) Framboise, Ronce. The fruit of 
 the best varieties is extremely agreeable ; and is 
 much used. It was, formerly, called Batinou 
 moron. 
 
 Rubus Niger, R. fruticosus — r. Paniculatu!-, 
 R. fruticosus. 
 
 RuBUS Strigo'sus, Wild red raspberry, ofth« 
 United States. The leav<v are often used as t 
 mild astringent. 
 
RUCTAMEN 
 
 760 
 
 RUTA 
 
 Rtjbus Trivialis, see Rubus caesius — r. Vil- 
 losus, see Rubus fruticosus — r. Vulgaris, R. fru- 
 ticosus. 
 
 RUCTAMEN, Eructation. 
 
 RUCTATIO, Eructation. 
 
 RUCTUATIO, Eructation. 
 
 RUCTUOSITAS, see Eructation. 
 
 RUCTUS, Eructation — r. Acidus, Oxyregmia 
 — r. Nidorosus, Cnissoregmia. 
 
 RUDDLE, HARD, Rubrica fabrilis. 
 
 RUDOLPHIA FRONDOSA, Butea frondosa. 
 
 RUE, Ruta — r. Common, Ruta — r. de Chevre, 
 Galega officinalis — r. Goat's, Galega officinalis — 
 r. Goat's, Virginia, Galega Virginiana — r. Mea- 
 dow, Thalictron — r. des 3Iuraillea, Asplenium 
 ruta muraria — r. dea Pres, Thalictron — r. Sau- 
 vage, Ruta. 
 
 RUFT, Eructation. 
 
 RUGA, Wrinkle. 
 
 BUGINE, Raspatorium. 
 
 liUGISSEMENT, Rugitus. 
 
 RUGI'TUS, Brycheth'mos, from rxigire, rvgi- 
 tiim, ' to roar.' (F.) Hugissement. A Latin word, 
 which ordinarily expresses the roaring of the lion: 
 and which is used, by some medical writers, to 
 designate a particular species of borborygmus 
 compared to it. 
 
 RUGOSE, Wrinkled. 
 
 RUGOUS, Wrinkled. 
 
 RUM, Tafia, Molas'ses Spirit. A spirit dis- 
 tilled from sugar, or molasses. See Spirit. 
 
 RUMA, Mamma. 
 
 RUMEN, Hypogastrium. 
 
 RUMEX ACETO'SA, B. tuhero'sus seu inter- 
 me'dius, Lap'athum pratense, Common Sorrel, 
 Ox'alis Aceto'sa, Aeetosa vulga'ris seu praten'sis, 
 Anax'yris, A. arven'sis, Sorrel, Sour doch, Aee- 
 tosa nostras, (F.) Oseille. Family, Polygonese. 
 Sex. Syst. Hexandria Trigynia. The leaves are 
 sour, and are used in cookery, and also as a re- 
 frigerant. 
 
 RuMEX Acu'tus; Sharp-pointed Wild doch, 
 Oxylap' athum, Lap'athum, L. sylves'tre seu acu'- 
 tiim, Jiumex, B. paludo'sus seu piiail'lus, Lap'a- 
 thos, (F.) Patience sauvage. The decoction of 
 the root has long been used in cutaneous affec- 
 tions. It is, sometimes, employed for the cure 
 of the itch. 
 
 RuMEX ^TNENSis, R. scutatus. 
 
 RuMEX Alpi'nus, Aceto'sa Alpi'na. The sys- 
 tematic name of the plant that affords the Monk's 
 Bhubarh, (F.) Bhabarbe des Moinea. See Rumex 
 patientia. 
 
 RuMEX Aquaticus, Rumex hydrolapathum — 
 r. Britannica, Rumex hydrolapathum — r. Con- 
 ftrtus, R. patientia — r. Digynus, Oxyria reniformis 
 — r. Glaucus, R. scutatus — r. Hastatus, R. scuta- 
 tus — r. Hastifolius, R. scutatus. 
 
 Rumex Hydrolap'athum, Water-Bock, Hy- 
 drolapathum, Bumex aquat'icus, Herha Britan'- 
 nica, Bumex Britan'nica, Lap' athum aquat'icum, 
 (F.) Parelle, Patience d'eau. The leaves of this 
 plant are subacid, and said to be laxative. The 
 r6ot has been used as a tonic, astringent, and 
 antiscorbutic. It has also been employed exter- 
 nally in some cutaneous affections. 
 Rumex Intermedius, R. aeetosa. 
 Rumex Obtusifo'lius, Lap'athum sylvestre. 
 Blunt-leaved Bock. The root of this, as well as 
 of B. crispus, has similar virtues to that of the 
 other species. 
 
 Rumex Oxyotus, R. scutatus — r. Paludosus, 
 R. acutus. 
 
 RujrEX Patien'tia, B. confer'tus, Lajy'athum 
 horien'se, Bliabar'barum monacho'rum, Illppolnp'- 
 tithum, Patien'tia, Garden Patience, Honk's Bhu- 
 hitrb, (F. ) Patience. This root, which is sup- 
 f <ised to jossess the virtues of rhubarb, but in an 
 
 inferior degree, is, according to Linnaeus, obtainec» 
 from the Bumex patientia; according to Murray, 
 from the Bumex alpi'nus. 
 
 Rumex Pusillus, R. acutus. 
 
 Rumex Sanguin'eus. The root of the bloody 
 dock has an austere and astringent taste ; and 
 has been employed in dysentery. It is called, 
 also, Lap'athum sanguin'eum, (F.) Oseille ou Pa- 
 tience Bouge, Sangdragon. 
 
 Rumex Scuta'tus, B. glaucus seu hastifo'lins 
 seu ^tnen'sis seu oxyotus seu hasta'tus, French 
 Sorrel, Aceto'sa rotundifo'lia seu Boma'na seu 
 Botundifolia horten'sis seu scuta' ta, Lap'athum 
 scuta'tum seu rotundifo'lia, Boman or Garden 
 Sorrel, (jtreen Sauce, (F.) Oseille boucher, Oseilln 
 ronde. Petite 0. Virtues the same as those of 
 the common sorrel. 
 
 Rumex Tuberosus, R. aeetosa. 
 
 PtUMINA'TION, Bumina'fio, from ruma or 
 rumen, 'the gullet.' Merycis'mus. A function 
 peculiar to ruminating animals, by which they 
 chew a second time the food they have swal 
 lowed. An analogous phenomenon is sometime? 
 seen in man. 
 
 RUMP, Croupion — r. Bone, Coccyx. 
 
 RUNCINA, Raspatorium. 
 
 RUNCINULA, Raspatorium, 
 
 RUNNET, Rennet. 
 
 RUNNING, Cursus, (F.) Course. A succession 
 of leaps, executed with rapidity, to transport th» 
 body quickly from one place to another. 
 
 RUNUNCULA, Raspatorium. 
 
 RUPES, Lips of the Vulva. 
 
 RU'PIA, Ulcus aton'icum, Ecphly'sis Bhy'pia, 
 Bhypa'ria, from pvrrof, 'filth.' An eruption of 
 large flattish blebs, which contain a fluid — at first 
 serous, afterwards puriform, and often bloody, 
 which rapidly concretes into crusts, at the base 
 of which are ulcers of variable depths. 
 
 It requires the use of tonics internally, and of 
 stimulating ointments externally. 
 
 RUPTIBILITAS, Fragilitas. 
 
 RUPTIO, Rhexis. 
 
 RUPTORIUM, Cauterium— r. Commune, Po- 
 tassa fusa. 
 
 RUPTURA, Ecrexis, Hernia, Laceration, 
 Rhexis — r. Cornese, Ceratorrhexis — r. Herniosa, 
 Hernia — r. Ovarii, Oariorrhexis — r. Uteri, Uterus, 
 rupture of the — r. Vaginse, Colporrhexis. 
 
 RUPTURE, Hernia, Rhexis — »•. du Goeur, 
 Cardiorrhexis — r. of the Groin, Bubonocele — r. 
 de la Matrice, Uterus, rupture of the — r. Wort, 
 Herniaria glabra. 
 
 RUPTURED, see Hernial. 
 
 RUSCUS, B. aculea'tus, Bruscus, Oxymyr'~ 
 rhine, Oxymyr'sine, 3/yrtacan 'tha, Catan 'gelos, 
 Myacan'tha, Sco'pia re'gia. Wild Myrtle, Centro- 
 myrine, Butcher's Broom, (F.) Petit houx, Fragon. 
 Family, Smilacese. Sex. Syst. Dioecia Monadel- 
 phia. The root has been recommended as an 
 aperient and diuretic. 
 
 Ruscus AcuLEATUs, Ruscus. 
 
 Ruscus Hypoglos'sum ; Uvula'ria, Hypoglos- 
 sum, Bislin'gua, Bonifa'cia, Laurua Alexandn' na 
 angustifo'lia, (F.) Laurier Alexandrin. Formerly 
 used against relaxed uvula. 
 
 RUSH, SWEET, Acorus calamus, Juncus odo- 
 ratus. 
 
 RUSMA, see Orpiraent. 
 
 RUSPINI'S STYPTIC, see Styptic, Ruspini's. 
 
 Ruspi'ni's Tincture for the Teeth. An em- 
 pirical preparation, composed of Florentine orria 
 Sviij, cloves ^j, rectified spirit Oij, ambergris Qj. 
 
 RUT, Heat. 
 
 RUTA, Buta graveolena seu horten'sis seu al'- 
 tera, Connnon Bue, Peg'anum, Besa'sa, (F.) Bue, 
 Bhne, Bue sauvage. Family, Rutaeew. Sex. 
 Syst. Decandria Monogynia. .The plant has 4 
 
EUTABULUM 
 
 761 
 
 SACCHARUM 
 
 strong, ungrateful odour, and bitter pungent 
 taste. It is acrid, so as to blister the skin. Its 
 properties are reputed to be tonic, stimulant, an- 
 tispasmodic, and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. xv 
 to 9ij. 
 
 Oleum EutcB, distilled Oil of Bue, is antispas- 
 modic ; and, externally, rubefacient. Dose, gtt. 
 ij to vj. 
 
 RuTA Altera, Ruta — r. Capraria, Galega ofiS- 
 cinalis — r. Graveolens, Ruta — r. Hortensis, Ruta 
 — r. Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria, 
 
 RUTABULUM, Penis. 
 
 RUTA'CEUM, from JRuta, 'rue,' Vinegar of 
 rue. 
 
 RUTIDOMA, see Rutidosis. 
 
 RUTIDO'SIS, Bytido'sis, Bhytido'sis, from 
 fUTtSoot, ' I wrinkle.' The act of wrinkling ; as 
 
 Butido'ma means a shrivelled or wrinkled body, 
 A destrugtion or atrophy of the eye. Corruga- 
 tion and subsidence of the cornea. 
 
 RUYSCHIA'NA TU'NICA, (F.) Lame oil 
 Memhrane Buyschienne. According to Ruysch, 
 and the greater part of his disciples, the choroid 
 coat of the eye is formed of two laminae. His 
 son gave to the inner the name Tunica BuyscM- 
 a'na or Memhra'na Buyschia'na seu Biiysch'ii. 
 
 Tu'nica Oellulo'sa Buyschia'na is the areolar 
 substance under the peritoneal covering of the 
 stomach. It is not numbered among the coats 
 of that organ. 
 
 RYE, Secale — r. Horned, Ergot — r. Sparred, 
 Ergot. 
 
 RYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis. 
 
 RYTIS, Wrinkle. 
 
 s. 
 
 S. A. &c., see Abbreviation. 
 
 SABADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla, see Vera- 
 trina. 
 
 SABADILLIN, see Veratrina. 
 
 SABATILLA, Veratrum sabadilla. 
 
 SABBATIA, Chironia angularis — s. Angularis, 
 Chironia angularis. 
 
 SABINA, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 SABINE, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 SABLE, Ifaculo'sus, ' sanded.' Having the 
 appearance as if strewed with sand. The terms 
 sable and piquetS are sometimes applied to the 
 brain, when a slice of it exhibits red points as if 
 it had been strewed with red sand. Such is the 
 case in cerebral hyperasmia. 
 
 SABOT BE v£NUS J AVNE, Cypripedium 
 luteum. 
 
 SABUCUS, Sambueus. 
 
 SAB'ULOUS, Sabulo'sus, Areno'sus, Psammo'- 
 des. The sandy deposit often seen in the urine. 
 
 SABULUM CONARII, see Pineal gland. 
 
 SABURA, Saburra. 
 
 SABUR'RA, Sabu'ra, Sordes. This word sig- 
 nifies, by derivation, coarse sand, or ballast. In 
 its common acceptation, it means foulness of the 
 stomach, as it is sometimes called ; — vitiated mat- 
 ters supposed to be retained and accumulated in 
 the stomach — the result of imperfect digestion — 
 and which have been sometimes considered as a 
 morbid product of the mucous secretion of that 
 organ, or of the biliary secretion ; at others, as a 
 residuum from alimentary substances badly di- 
 gested. The Sahurral state, Collu'vies gas'trica, 
 Grudita'tes ventric' idi, Gastris'mus, (P.) Embarras 
 gastrique, Etat saburrcd, is an accumulation of 
 saburrae, (P.) Saburres gastriques, in the stomach, 
 which the Humourists considered to be the cause 
 of a number of diseases. 
 
 Saburra Verminosa, Helminthiasis. 
 
 SABURRATIO, Arenatio. 
 
 SABURRES GASTBIQUES, see Saburra. 
 
 SAC HERNTAIEE, Hernial sac. 
 
 SACCATUS, Encysted. 
 
 SACCHAR, Saccharum. 
 
 SACCHARINA, SaceharoUs. 
 
 SACCHABOLES (¥.), Sacchari'na, from sac- 
 cJiarum, ' sugar.' A name given by MM. Henry 
 and Guibourt to medicines which have sugar or 
 honey for excipient, or for predominant principle. 
 M. Beral so calls an exact mixture of pulverized 
 sugar with other substances also in powder, but 
 in less quantity. 
 
 SACC'KAB.OM''ET'EB.,{F.)Saccharomhi-e,Plse- 
 sirop, from saccharum, ' sugar,' and fierpov, ' mea- 
 sure.' A hydrometer adapted for determining the 
 density of syrups. 
 
 SACCHAROMYCES, Torula cerevisite. 
 
 SACCHARORRHCEA, Glycyrrhoea — s. Cuta- 
 nea, Sudor dulcis. 
 
 Saccharorrhce'a Lac'tea, Galactorrhoe'a sae- 
 chara'ta. A secretion of unusually sweet milk. 
 
 Saccharorrhcea Pulmona'lis, Sputum duke 
 seu sacchara'tum. The copious expectoration of 
 unusually sweet matter from the lungs. 
 
 Saccharorrhcea Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 SACCHARUM, Sacchar. Prom Arabic, or 
 rather Sanscrit, Sa-kar, 'white earth;' Suchar, 
 Succhar, Sutter, Zuchar, Zu'caro, As'sakur, Ti- 
 gala, Zac'charum, Zozar, Zu'charum, Zuc'carvm, 
 Zuchra, Mel arundina' cextm, Sugar, (F.) Sucre, 
 The produce of the juice of the Sac'charmn offi,- 
 cina'rum vel officinale of Linnaeus, Cal'amus lu'- 
 dicus, Cal'amus Sacchari'nus, Sugar Cane, (F.) 
 Canne d Sucre, Cannamelle ; Arun'do saccha- 
 rif'era of Sloane. Family, Graminete. Sex. 
 Syst. Triandria Digynia) and also of the beet, 
 maple, <fcc. 
 
 True Sugars are those with which alcoholio 
 fermentation may he effected, by the addition of 
 yeast and water. They are : — 
 
 Species. Varieties. 
 
 ^ f Hard sugar of the cane, maple, beet, 
 
 I chestnut, &c. 
 
 „ f Liquid sugar, sugair of malt, of the 
 
 ( sweet potato, molasses, honey, <fee. 
 
 „ f Hard sugar of the grape, ripe fruits, 
 
 \ starch, diabetes, &c. 
 
 4 Hard sugar of the mushroom. 
 
 Imperfect sugars are those in which alcoholio 
 fermentation cannot be effected by means of yeast 
 and water. 
 Species. Varieties. 
 
 1 Manna. 
 
 2 Sugar of Milk. 
 
 3.. Sugar of jelly or glue. 
 
 4 Liquorice. 
 
 5 Picromel. 
 
 Sugar is prepared from the expressed juice o* 
 the sugar-cane, boiled with the addition of quick- 
 lime or common vegetable alkali. It is used, ic 
 pharmacy, for the preparation of syrups, con- 
 serves, lozenges, &c. It is very nutritious, and 
 is employed as an aliment, and as a demulcejj* 
 
SACCHARURE 
 
 762 
 
 SACROCOCCYGEAL 
 
 and antiseptic. Dissolved in small quantities in 
 water, as in tea, it is apt to disagree with dys- 
 peptics ; an evil which does not always occur 
 when the same substance is taken more largely. 
 
 Saccharum Acer'nuji, S. Canaden'se, Maple 
 Sugar, is often used as a demulcent. 
 
 Sac'charum Album, S. puriJica'Unn, SaccTia- 
 rmn (Ph. U. S.), White Sugar, Eefi'necl Sugar, 
 Sal Indus, is the Loaf Sugar. Bouhle-rejined 
 Sugar has been called Taharzet. 
 
 Saccharum Can'didum, S. candum sen cantum 
 sou canthum, AVplienic, Nahot, Sugar candy, (F.) 
 Sucre Candi, is the crystallized juice of the cane. 
 
 Saccharum Candum, S. Candidum — s. Cantum, 
 S. Candidum — s. Canthum, S. Candidum — s. 
 Commune, Saccharum non-purificatum. 
 
 Saccharum Hordea'tum, Barley Sugar, Pe- 
 nides, Penid'ium, Sac'charum penul'ium, is a va- 
 riety of sugar candy. 
 
 Saccharum Lactis, Sugar of milk. 
 
 Saccharum Non-Purifica'tum, ITmcova'do, 
 raw or brown or vnoist sugar, is the S. commu'ne, 
 
 5. rubrum, 3Iel canna, or coarse sugar. 
 Saccharum Officinarum, see Saccharum — s. 
 
 Penidium, Hordeatum — s. Rosaceum, Confectio 
 rosse gallica3 — s. Saturni, Plumbi superaeetas. 
 
 SA COHAR URE, from saccharum, ' sugar.' A 
 medicine resulting from the intimate union of 
 Bugar with the medicinal principles of alcohol or 
 ethereal tinctures. — Beral. 
 
 SACCULATED, Encysted. 
 
 SACCULATUS, Encysted. 
 
 SACCULI ADIPOSI, Fatty vesicles— s. Cha- 
 licophori, see Lacunae of Bone — s. Laryngei, Ven- 
 tricles of the larynx. 
 
 Sac'culi Medicina'les. Bags containing me- 
 dicinal substances. 
 
 Sacculi Medullares, see Medullary mem- 
 brane. 
 
 SAC'CULUS, diminutive of saccus, 'a little 
 eac' This name has been given to two sacs 
 formed by the membranous vestibule, which open 
 into each other, and contain the otolithes and 
 otoconies : one of these is termed the sacculus 
 vestib'idi, the other sacculus. See Semicircular 
 canals. 
 
 Sacculus, Marsupion — s. Cephalicus, Cucu- 
 pha — s. Chylifer seu rorifer, Receptaculum chyli 
 — s. Cordis, Pericardium — s. Ellipticus, see Semi- 
 circular canals. 
 
 Sac'culus Laryn'gis. a eaeeal pouch, of 
 variable size, formed by the mucous membrane 
 in the ventricles of the larynx. — Hilton. 
 
 Sacculus Medicinalis, Pulvinar medicatum 
 
 — s. Sphericus, see Semicircular canals — s. Ves- 
 tibuli. Semicircular canals. 
 
 SACCUS, Sac — s. Coli, Csecum — s. Cordis, 
 Pericardium — s. Herniosus, Hernial sac — s. Epi- 
 ploicus. Epiploon — s. Intestini crassi. Caecum — 
 
 6. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal sac — s. Lacrumalis, 
 Lachrymal sac — s. Lacteus, Receptaculum chyli 
 
 — s. Mucosus, see Bursae mucosae — s. Pleura;, 
 Pleura — s. Venarum cavarum. Sinus dexter cordis 
 — s. Venarum pulmonalium, Sisns pulmonalis. 
 
 SACER, Sacral — s. Ignis, Herpes zoster — s. 
 Morbus, Epilepsy — s. Musculus, Transversalis 
 dorsi. 
 
 SACERDOTIS PENIS, Arum maculatum. 
 
 SACHET (F.), Sac'culus, 'a bag.' A small 
 bag containing perfumes to be placed among 
 clothes to communicate to them an agreeable 
 odour. The following is a formula for tlie pow- 
 der they contain. Powde'^ed cloves and powdered 
 cassia, each one oun'*.' , powdered orris root, an 
 ounce and a half; poiedcred yellow snndul icood, 
 one drachm ; oito of roses, twenty-four drops ; oil 
 of lavender, oil of herganiot, each one drachm; 
 musk, six grains. A scent-bag. 
 
 SACK. A wine used by our ancestors ; Vin see. 
 Probably Sherry. 
 
 Sajk, Saccus, Secluao' rium ; Sax. J'ac. A bag 
 or po jch. 
 
 Sack, Her'nial, Saceus hernio'sus, (F.) S'lf 
 herniaire. An envelope or pouch, formed by the 
 serous membrane of the cavity, whence a viscus 
 has escaped. We distingiiish, in a hernial sac, 
 its orifice or the opening by which it communi- 
 cates with the great cavity lined by the serous 
 membrane : its cervix or neck, (F.) Collet, the 
 narrow portion on the outside of the orifice, 
 where strangulation sometimes occurs : the body, 
 (F.) Corps, which is the round prominent part; 
 and the fundus or bottom, — the part opposite to 
 the orifice. 
 
 Sack Posset; from sacli, 'the wing,' and pos- 
 set. A posset made of sack, milk and other in- 
 gredients. 
 
 Sack, Serous. The shut cavity formed by 
 any serous membrane, as by the pleura or perito- 
 neum. 
 
 SACRAD, see Sacral. 
 
 SACRA FISTULA, Vertebral column. 
 
 SACRAL, Sacer, (F.) Sacre. That which be- 
 longs or relates to the sacrum. A name given to 
 several parts. 
 
 Sacral Arteries are distinguished into 1. 
 The anterior or middle sacral. Median Artery of 
 the Sacrum -of Chaussier, which arises from the 
 posterior part of the abdominal aorta, in front of 
 the 4th lumbar vertebra. It descends, in a ser- 
 pentine manner, upon the sacro-vertebral articu- 
 lation, and on the anterior surface of the sacrum. 
 It furnishes many lateral branches, which unite 
 with the lateral sacral arteries, and enter the an- 
 terior sacral foramina, to be distributed to the 
 membranes of the marrow, &c. 2. The lateral 
 sacral arteries, which are two in number; one on 
 each side. They arise from the hypogastric, from 
 the ilio-lumbar, or from the gluteal; and descend 
 before the anterior sacral foramina, anastomosing 
 in an arched manner, towards the coccyx, with 
 the middle sacral. They give off external and 
 jwsterior branches, which enter the sacral fora- 
 mina ; and internal branches, which are distri- 
 buted to the pyramidalis, sacrum, <tc. 
 
 Sacral Aspect. An aspect towards the region 
 where the sacrum is situated. — Barclay. Sacrad 
 is used by the same writer adverbially to signify 
 'towards the sacral aspect.' 
 
 Sacral Extremities. The lower limbs. 
 
 Sacral Grooves, (F.) Gouttieres sacrees. Two 
 longitudinal excavations, slightly marked, at the 
 posterior surface of the sacrum ; which appear to 
 terminate the vertebral grooves or gutters. 
 
 Sacral Nerves, (F.) Nerfs sacres, are gene- 
 rally six in number. They arise from the termi- 
 nation of the spinal marrow. The first, united 
 with the great cord which descends from the 
 lumbar plexus, concurs with the three others in 
 the formation of the sacral or sciatic plexus. The 
 third and fourth, with branches of the great 
 sympathetic, form the hypogastric plexus. The 
 fifth and sixth {coceyge'al nerve) are distributed 
 to the ischio-coccygeus muscle, and to the sphinc- 
 ter and levator ani. 
 
 Sacral Plexus, Sciat'ic plexus, — the sacral 
 portion of the crural plexus of Chaussier, con- 
 stituted as just mentioned, is situate in front of 
 the pyramidalis. It gives off, backwards, two 
 branches, called the pndic, (F.) honteux, and the 
 lesser sciatic. It terminates in the great sciatic 
 nerve. ^ 
 
 SA CRE. Sacral. 
 
 SACROCOCCYGE'AL, Sacro-coccigem. Re- 
 lating to the sacrum and coccyx. 
 
 Sacrococcyge'al Articula'tion is that of 
 
SACEOCOSTALIS 
 
 763 
 
 SACRUM 
 
 the lower extremity of the sacrum with the su- 
 perior facette of the coccyx. It is closed by two 
 ligaments; — an anterior and a posterior sacro- 
 coccygeal, 
 
 SACROCOSTALIS, Sacro-lumbalis— s. Fimo- 
 ral, GrlutEeus ma] or. 
 
 SACROCOXAL'GIA, from sacrum, 'the os 
 sacrum,' coxa, 'the hip,' and aXyog, 'pain;' a 
 hybrid term. Some authors have called thus a 
 rheumatic aflfection of the sacro-iliae symphysis. 
 
 SACROiL'IAC, Sacro-ili'acus. That which 
 relates to the sacrum and ilium. 
 
 Sacroiliac Articula'tiox, Sym'physis, or 
 Synchondro'sis, Ilio-sacral articula' tion, sym- 
 physis or synchondrosis, is the union of two sur- 
 faces ; — two inclined planes, broader above than 
 below ; one formed by the sacrum, the other by 
 the ilium. Both surfaces are incrusted by an 
 articular cartilage. The bands which strengthen 
 them are the two saero-sciatic ligaments, the 
 sacrospinal, a sncro-iliac ligament, and some ir- 
 regular fibres. The sacro-iliac ligament is a very 
 thick assemblage of short, dense, irregular fibres, 
 occupying the space which the sacrum and ilium 
 leave between them, behind their articular sur- 
 face. Some authors have termed some irregular 
 fibres, situate in front of the sacro-iliae articula- 
 tion, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments, in opposition 
 to the preceding fasciae, which they call posterior 
 sacro-iliac. 
 
 SACROISCHIATICUS, Sacro-sciatic. 
 
 SA OR OL 0MB AIRE, Sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 SACROLUMBAR, Saero-lumba'lis, Sacro-lom- 
 haire. That which belongs to the sacrum and 
 loins. 
 
 SacrolumbAR, Sacro-lumha'Us, Sacro-lumha' - 
 ris 3Inscle, Sacro-costa'lis, Dorso-trache'lian por- 
 tion of the Sacrospinal of Cha,uss\er, (F.) Lomho- 
 costo-trachilien, Sacro-Lombaire, is seated at the 
 posterior part of the trunk ; is thick and triangu- 
 lar below ; flat and thin in the remainder, and 
 terminates in a point at its upper extremity. It 
 is attached to the posterior surface of the sacrum; 
 to the corresponding portion of the crista ilii; to 
 the extremities of the transverse processes of the 
 lumbar vertebra3 ; to the angles of the eleven in- 
 ferior ribs; to the tuberosity of the first, and the 
 posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of 
 the last five cervical vertebrte. The sacro-lum- 
 balis straightens the vertebral column when bent 
 forwards, and maintains it straight. By means 
 of its insertion into the ribs, it can elevate or de- 
 press these bones, according as it contracts from 
 above to below, or from below to above. It acts, 
 consequently, sometimes as an inspiratory, at 
 others as an expiratory muscle. 
 
 From six or eight of the lower ribs arises an 
 equal number of fleshy portions, which terminate 
 at the inner side of this muscle, and are called 
 Jhts'culi Accessor'ii vel Additamen'tvm ad Sacro- 
 lumba'lem, (F.) Accessoires du Sacro-lombaire, 
 
 From the upper part of the sacro-lumbalis, a 
 fleshy slip, called Cervica'lis descen'dens, Oervi- 
 calis descendens Diemerbroeeh'ii, Transversa' lis 
 collatera'lis colli, Aecesso'riua ad Sacro-lumba- 
 lem, (F.) Transversaire grele, runs up, to be fixed 
 to the transverse processes of the fourth, fifth, 
 and sixth cervical vertebrae, by three distinct 
 tendons. These last parts, though separated by 
 some anatomists, belong to the sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 SACROSCIAT'IC, Sacro-isehiat' icua. That 
 which belongs to the sacrum and ischium. 
 
 Sacrosciatio Ligaments are two ligaments, 
 which assist in securing the sacro-iliae articula- 
 tion. The great or posterior sacro-sciatic liga- 
 ment extends from the crista ilii and the sides 
 of the sacrum and coccyx to the tuberosity of the 
 ischium. The less or anterior sacrosciatio liga- 
 
 ment arises from the same point, and terminates 
 in the spine of the ischium. 
 
 SACROSPINAL, Dorso-trachelian portion of 
 the sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 SACROSPINA'LIS. That which relates to 
 the sacrum and spine. Under this name, Chaus- 
 sier describes the sacro-lumbalis, longissimus 
 dorsi, transversalis, transverso-spinalis, and in- 
 tertransversalis. He divides it into three por- 
 tions. ^ 
 
 SA OR OTRO GHANTERIEN, Pyramidalis. 
 
 SACROVERT'EBRAL, Sacro-vertebra'Hs. 
 That which relates to the sacrum and the ver- 
 tebras. 
 
 Sacrovertebral Articulation is the junc- 
 tion of the last vertebrse of the loins with the 
 sacrum. The angle which these two bones form 
 at the anterior part has been called the Prom'on- 
 tory of the Sacrum, or the Sacro-vertebral Angle. 
 
 Sacrovertebral Ligament is a strong liga- 
 ment, which passes from the anterior part of each 
 of the transverse processes of the last lumbar 
 vertebra to be attached to the base of the sacrum. 
 Its use is to maintain the articulation of those 
 two bones in situ. 
 
 SACRUM, Os sacrum, Os basila're, Os Alagas, 
 Os latum, Os clun'ium, Ver'tebra magna, Alba- 
 giazi, Hi'eron ost'eon, Clunisy Subver'tebra, Suh- 
 ver'tebrum, Vet'ula; from sacer, 'sacred;' be- 
 cause it contributes to protect the genital organs, 
 which were considered sacred, or because it was 
 offered in sacrifice. The bone, which forms the 
 posterior part of the pelvis, and is a continuation 
 of the vertebral column. The sacrum is symme- 
 trical and triangular, situate at the posterior part 
 of the pelvis, and concave anteriorly. It has, — 
 1. A pelvic or anterior surface, which corresponds 
 to the pelvic cavity, and has four transverse fur- 
 rows, that point out the parts where the primitive 
 portions of the bone were separated from each 
 other. On each side there are four foramina, 
 called anterior sacral; these are oblique, and 
 decrease in size, from above downwards. Through 
 these pass the anterior branches of the sacral 
 nerves. 2. A spinal or p/osterior surface, which 
 is convex, rough, and covered by muscles. Upon 
 the median line are four horizontal, tubercular 
 eminences, forming a continuation of the spinous 
 processes of the vertebrae ; and below, a triangu- 
 lar notch, where the sacral canal terminates. On 
 each side of the surface are four foramina, called 
 posterior sacral, which are smaller than the an- 
 terior, and give passage to the posterior branches 
 of the sacral nerves. 3. The vertebral surface or 
 base. Its greatest extent is transversely. It is 
 articulated with the last lumbar vertebra. On it 
 is seen the orifice of the sacral canal, of a trian- 
 gular shape, which decreases in width from above 
 downward; terminates the vertebral canal; is 
 lined by a prolongation of the cerebral mem- 
 branes; contains the fasciculi of the sacral nerves; 
 communicates, externally, by the sacral foramina; 
 and terminates at the triangular notch on the 
 posterior surface of the bone. At the sides of the 
 upper orifice of the sacral canal are two articular 
 processes, which receive the articular processes 
 of the last lumbar vertebra. The projection formed 
 by the union of the base of the sacrum with the 
 last lumbar vertebra, is called the Prom'ontory, 
 Promonto' rium Ossis Sacri, Great Angle ../ the 
 Sacrum, or Sacro-vertebral Angle, i. A coccygeal 
 face or apex, (F.) Face eoccygienne ou Sommn, 
 which is very narrow, and is articulated with tho 
 coccyx. 5. Two lateral margins, which have, 
 above, a broad, oblique surface, articulated with 
 the ilium. 
 
 The sacrum is developed by 30 to 36 points ol 
 ossification. 
 
SADDLE 
 
 764 
 
 SAINT PARDAUX 
 
 SADDLE, TURKISH, Sella Turcica, 
 S^PES, Sepes. 
 
 SAFFLOW, Carthamus tinctorius. 
 SAFFLOWER, Carthamus tinctorms. 
 SAFFRON, Crocus — s. Bastard, Carthamus 
 tinctorius — s. Dyers', Carthamus tinctorius — s. 
 Flower, Carthamus tinctorius — s. Meadow, Col- 
 chicum autumnale. 
 
 SAFBAN BATARD, Carthamus tinctorius, 
 Colchicum autumnale — «. dea Indes, Curcuma 
 longa — 8. de Mars aperitif, Ferri subcarbonas — 
 s. de Mars astringent, Colcothar — s. dea Pres, 
 Colchicum autumnale — s. Bacine de, Curcuma 
 longa. 
 
 SAFRANUM, Carthamus tinctorius. 
 SAFRE, Smalt. 
 SAGA, Sago. 
 
 SAGAPE'NUM, Sag'apin, Serapi'non, (F.) 
 Gomme seraphique. A gum-resin, supposed to 
 be obtained from the Fer'ula Per'sjaa. Family, 
 Umbelliferse. Sex. SyH. Pentandria Digynia. 
 Its odour is fetid and alliaceous; taste pungent, 
 bitterish, nauseous. It is in small, agglutinated 
 masses of a yellow colour ; tenacious ; breaking 
 with a horny fracture. It is a reputed antispas- 
 modic and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. x to ^ss. 
 SAGAPIN, Sagapenum. 
 
 SAGE, Salvia — s. Indian, Eupatorium perfo- 
 liatum — s. Jerusalein, Pulmonaria — s. Tree, Lan- 
 tana — s. Wild, Salvia Africana. 
 SAGE-FEMME, Midwife. ^ 
 SAGENA, Epiploon. 
 
 SAG ESSE DES CHIRUBGIENS, Sisym- 
 brium Sophia. 
 
 SAGIMEN VITRI, Soda, subcarbonate of. 
 SAGIT'TAL, Sagitta'Us, Sagitta'tus, from 
 eagitta, ' an arrow.' 
 
 Sagittal Furrow, Sagittal Groove, (F.) Goiit- 
 tilre sagittate, is a channel on the median line of 
 the inner surface of the skull-cap. It is exca- 
 vated in the os frontis, in the two parietal and 
 occipital bones, and extends from the crista galli 
 to the internal occipital protuberance. It lodges 
 the longitudinal sinus, which has been called the 
 sagittal sinus. 
 
 Sagittal Suture, Oleics' a sufu'ra, 0. Raphe, 
 Sutura Vii-ga'ta, S.juga'lis, S. Rabddi'des, BTiab- 
 doi'des, Rhabdo'des, Rhabdo'ideus sen Biparieta'- 
 lis. The suture which unites the two parietal 
 bones, and which extends, from before to behind, 
 on the median line, from the coronal suture to 
 the lambdoidal. It is so called, from sagitta, ' an 
 arrow,' because it seems to meet the coronal su- 
 ture as an arrow meets the string of a bow. 
 
 SAGITTA'RIA VARIAB'ILIS, Arrotchead, 
 Arrotoleaf, Wapata of Oregon ; Nat. Ord. Alis- 
 maceae ; esculent, yielding fecula like arrow-root. 
 The roots are cooling and sub-astringent, and are 
 at times applied to the feet in cases of yaws and 
 dropsical swellings of the legs. The leaves are 
 applied to the breasts to dispel milk. 
 
 SAGITTA ' RIUM ALEXIPHAR ' MACUM, 
 Malac'ccB radix, Canna In'dica, Arim'do Indica. 
 A root cultivated in the West Indies, and sup- 
 posed to be a remedy for wounds by poisoned 
 arrows. 
 
 SAGITTATUS, Sagittal. 
 
 SAGO, Sagus, Saga, Sngu, Segtt, Am'ylum pal- 
 ma'ceum, (F.) Sagou, Sague. A fecula, obtained 
 from the pith of the Sagus rnmph'ii, Cycas circi- 
 fia'lis, 0. revola'ta, &c., growing in the Moluccas, 
 Philippine Isles, (fee, and which is brought to us 
 in small grains. The same substance is, also, 
 obtained from the West Indies, but it is inferior 
 lo that from the East. By boiling in water or 
 milk, sago becomes soft and transparent, and 
 forms an agreeable and nutritious food in febrile, 
 
 calculous, and other disorders. It is made pala* 
 table by sugar, lemon-juice, or wine, where the 
 last is not contra-indicated. 
 
 To make sago into a proper mucilage for the 
 sick, a tablespoonful of it should be macerated 
 in a pint of water for two hours, and then boiled 
 for fifteen minutes, stirring assiduously. Care 
 must be taken, that the grains are perfectly dis- 
 solved by long boiling and constant stirring. 
 
 Sago posset is made by putting sago, §ij, into 
 water, Oij ; boiling until the mucilage is formed: 
 then rubbing sugar, ^ss, on the rind of a lemon, 
 and putting it with tincture of ginger, f^j, into 
 sherry, Oss ; adding this mixture to the mucilage, 
 and boiling for five minutes. — It is a good resto- 
 rative. 
 
 Sago, French, see Solanum tuberosum, and 
 Arrow-root, common — s. Portland Island, see 
 Arum maculatum. 
 SAGOU, Sago. 
 SAGU, Sago. 
 
 SAGUE, Sago — s. Petit, see Solanum tube- 
 rosum. 
 
 SAGUS, Sago — s. Rumphii, see Sago. 
 SAHARA, Insomnia. 
 
 SAIGNEE, Blood-letting— «. SpoUativc, Spo- 
 liativa phlebotomia. 
 
 SAIGNEMENT BU NEZ, Epistaxis. 
 SAILORS, DISEASES, &c., OF. Sailors, by 
 nature of their occupation, are liable to many 
 diseases. Several of these may, however, be 
 warded off by proper attention to cleanliness and 
 ventilation. 
 
 SAIN BO IS, Daphne gnidium — s. Boux, 
 Adeps prffiparatus. 
 
 SAINT AMAND, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Sulphuretted waters, in the department of Du 
 Nord, France. They contain carbonic and sul- 
 phohydric acids. The Boue or deposit contains 
 sulphohydric acid, and salts of iron and magne- 
 sia. Temperature, 64° to 82° Fahr. 
 
 SAINT AUGUSTINE, CLIMATE OF. This 
 sea-port of Florida is a frequent retreat during 
 the winter season for the valetudinarian from the 
 more northern parts of the United States. The 
 climate is certainly comparatively mild and equa- 
 ble ; but it is liable to frequent north-east storms. 
 There are only a few days, however, in winter, 
 in which the invalid cannot take exercise in the 
 open air. Tampa Bay, and Pensacola, in Florida, 
 and Mobile, in Alabama, which are sometimes 
 visited by the consumptive, are less liable to the 
 storms in question. 
 
 SAINT CHARLES'S ROOT, Carlo Sancto 
 (Radix). 
 
 SAINT CROIX, Santa Cruz. 
 SAINT JAMES'S WORT, Senecio Jacobaea. 
 SAINT JOHN'S DANCE, see Mani^ dancing 
 — St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum. 
 SAINT KITTS, see West Indies. 
 SAINT LEONARD'S, CLIMATE OF. This 
 place, which is situate about a mile to the west- 
 ward of Hastings, in Sussex, England, is less shel- 
 tered than it, and is therefore a less favourable 
 retreat, during the winter months, for the phthi- 
 sical valetudinarian. 
 
 SAINT MYON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Some cold, acidulous waters at Saint Mj'on, near 
 Riom, in the department of Puy-de-Dome. They 
 contain free carbonic acid, subcarbonate of sod.o, 
 chloride of sodium, and carbonate and sulphate 
 of lime. 
 
 SAINT NECTAIRE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Springs in the department of Puy-de-Dome, 
 France. Tiiej' contain carbonic acid, bicarbonate 
 of soda, and chloride of sodium. Temperature, 
 75° to 103° Fahr. 
 SAINT PARDAUX, MINERAL WATERS 
 
SAIXT SAUVEUR 
 
 r65 
 
 SALIVA 
 
 OF. Chalybeate springs in the department of 
 Allier, France. They contain carbonic acid and 
 iron. 
 
 SAINT SAUVEUR, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Sulphurous waters in the department of 
 Hautes-Pyren6es, France. Temperature, 76° to 
 93° Fahr. 
 
 SAINT VINCENT'S, see "West Indies. 
 
 SAINT VITUS'S DANCE, Chorea, see Ma- 
 nia, dancing — s. Vitus's Dance of the Voice, 
 Balbuties. 
 
 SAIRE, Essera. 
 
 SAL, Salt — s. Absinthii, Potassse subcarbonas, 
 see Potash — s. Acetosellas, Potass, oxalate of — 
 s. Acetosus ammoniacalis, Liquor Hmmoniee ace- 
 tatis — s. Acidum benzoes, Benjamin — s. Albus, 
 Soda, muriate of — s. Alembroth, Alembroth salt 
 — s. Alkali, Soda, subcarbonateof — s. Alkalinus 
 fixus fossilis. Soda — s. Amarum, Magnesise sul- 
 phas — s. Ammoniac, volatile, Ammoniee carbo- 
 nas — s. Ammoniacum, Ammonias murias — s. 
 Ammoniacum martiale, Ferrum ammoniatum — 
 B. Ammoniacum secretum Glauberi, Ammonise 
 sulphas — s. Ammoniacum tartareum, Ammonias 
 tartras — s. Ammoniacum vegetabile. Liquor am- 
 dioniae aeetatis — s. Ammoniacus nitrosus, Am- 
 aionia? nitras — s. Ammonise, Ammonite murias 
 
 — s. Anglieanum, Magnesise sulphas — s. Anti- 
 epileptieus of "Weissman, Cuprum ammoniatum 
 
 — s. Antimonii, Antimonium tartarizatum — s. 
 Ammoniacum, Ammonite murias — s. Artis, Alem- 
 broth salt — s. Asphaltitis, Bit noben — s. Cathar- 
 ticus amarus, Magnesise sulphas — s. Catharticus 
 Glauberi, Soda, sulphate of — s. Communis, Soda, 
 muriate of — s. Cornu, cervi, volatile. Ammonite 
 carbonas — s. Culinaris, Soda, muriate of — s. Di- 
 gestivus Sylvii, Potosste murias — s. Diureticus, 
 Potassae acetas — s. de Duobus, Potassas sulphas 
 
 — s. Ebsdamense, Magnesite sulphas — s. Enix- 
 um. Potassse supersulphas — s. Epsomensis, Mag- 
 nesise sulphas — s. Essentiale Benzoes, Benjamin 
 — s. Febrifugus of Lemery, Potassse supersulphas 
 — 3. Febrifugus Sylvii, Potassse murias — s. Fon- 
 tium. Soda, muriate of — s. Fossilis, Soda, muriate 
 of — s. Fijliginis, Ammonite carbonas — s. Gemmae, 
 Soda, muriate of — s. Herbarum, Potassse subcar- 
 bonas — s. Indus, Saccharum album — s. Lixivi- 
 osum, see Lixivium — s. Lucidum, Soda, muriate 
 of — s. Marinus, Soda, muriate of — s. Martis, 
 Ferri sulphas — s. Martis muriaticum sublima- 
 tum, Ferrum ammoniatum — s. Mirabile perlatum. 
 Soda, phosphate of — s. Mirabilis Glauberi, Soda, 
 sulphate of — s. Muriaticum baroticum, Baryta, 
 muriate of — s. Nitrum, Potassas nitras — s. Os- 
 sium, Ammonise carbonas — s. Panchrestum, Po- 
 tassse tartras — s. Petrte, Potasste nitras — s. Tar- 
 tarum, Potassse subcarbonas — s. Plumbi, Plumbi 
 superacetas — s. Polychrestus, Potasste sulphas — 
 s. Polych»estus Glaseri, Potassas sulphas cum 
 sulphure — s. Polychrestum Seignetti, Soda, tar- 
 trate of — s. Prunellse, Potasste nitras fusus sul- 
 phatis paucillo mixtus — s. Rupellensis, Soda, tar- 
 trate of — s. Sapientiae, Alembroth salt, Potasste 
 sulphas — s. 'Saturni, Plumbi superacetas — s. 
 Scientite, Alembroth salt — s. Secretus Glauberi, 
 Ammonite sulphas — -s. Sedativus Hombergi, Bo- 
 racic acid — s. Sedlieensis, Magnesite sulphas — 
 P. Seignetti, Soda, tartrate of — s. Sennerti, Po- 
 tassse acetas — s. Seydsehutzense, Magnesise sul- 
 phas — s. Sodse, Soda, subcarbonate of — s. So- 
 domenus. Bit noben — s. Sueeini, Succinic acid 
 — S. Tartari, Potassse subcarbonas, see Potash — 
 B. Tartari essentiale. Tartaric acid — s. Tartari 
 Bulphuratum. Potasste sulphas — s. Urints, Mi- 
 crocosmicum Sal — s. Urinosum, LTrea — s. A''ege- 
 tabilis, Potasste tartras — s. Vitse, Alembroth salt 
 — s. Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas — s. Vitrioli narcoti- 
 cum^ Boracic acid — s. Volatile, Ammonise car- 
 
 bonas, Spiritus ammonise aromaticus — s. Vola- 
 tile Benzoes, Benjamin — s. Volatile boracis, Bo- 
 racic acid — s. Volatile oleosum Sylvii, Spiritu.s 
 ammonise aromaticus — s. Volatile succini. Suc- 
 cinic acid — s. Volatilis salis ammoniaci. Am- 
 moniac carbonas — s. Vomitorium vitrioli, Zinci 
 sulphas. 
 
 SALAAM CONVULSION, see Convulsion, 
 Salaam. 
 
 SALAB. Salep. 
 
 SALACITAS, Satyriasis — s. Vulvae, Nym, 
 phomania. 
 
 SALAD, CORN, Valeriana dentata. 
 
 SALAP, Salep. 
 
 SALCOMBE, (CLIMATE OF.) A small place 
 — the Montpelier of Huxham — which is one o{ 
 the warmest spots on the S. W. coast of England, 
 and, therefore, in this respect adapted for tha 
 phthisical invalid as a winter retreat. 
 
 SALEP, Scdoop' (so pronounced.) Salah, Sa- 
 lop. The prepared bulb of the Orchis mas'cida 
 and other species of Orchis. The salep of Cach- 
 mere is from a species of Euloj^h'ia. Salep is in 
 small, irregular, hard masses. In its composition 
 in relation to water, it is closely analogous to 
 tragacanth. It is possessed of similar virtues 
 with sago, tapioca, &c. The mucilage is prepared 
 by dissolving the powdered salep in hot water, 
 with assiduous stirring, and adding to the solu- 
 tion sugar and milk. 
 
 SALER'NUM, (SCHOOL OF.) An ancient 
 school of medicine at Salerno in Italy. It was 
 established by Charlemagne, in 802 ; and was the 
 first Christian university at which medicine was 
 taught. It was much celebrated, especially in 
 the 12th century. The work on hygiene, " De 
 Conservanda Valetndine," which bears its name, 
 has passed through several editions in various 
 languages. It is supposed to have been written 
 by John of Milan, in 1100, and is in Leonine 
 verses. 
 
 SALICARIA, Lythrum salicaria. 
 
 SALICINE, see Salix. 
 
 SALICORNIA ARABICA, &e., see Soda. 
 
 SALINE', Sali'nus, Salina'cius, Sulinac"'idiia, 
 SaU'tus, Scdsits, Hali'nns, Halmy'rus, Halico'des, 
 Sali'nons, from sal. That which contains a salt, 
 or has the properties of a salt. 
 
 Saline Draught or Mixture. This may be 
 made as follows : — Potass, carbon. Qj, acid, citric. 
 vel tartar, gr. xv, vel succ. lirnon. recent, ^ss, 
 aqum f^viij, syrup, cvjusvis Jj. M. Given in di- 
 vided doses as a febrifuge. 
 
 Saline Effervescing Draught or Mixture 
 is made by adding a due proportion of either of 
 the acids above mentioned, or of lemon-juice, to 
 the proper proportion of the carbonate of soda or 
 potassa. About 25 grains of the acid saturate .30 
 grains of the carbonate. See Powders, soda. 
 
 SALINOUS, Saline. 
 
 SALIS AMMONIACI FLORES, Ammonise 
 carbonas. 
 
 SALITIO, Leap. 
 
 SALITUS, Saline. 
 
 SALIUM, Saliva. 
 SALIUNCA, Valeriana Celtiea. 
 SALI'VA, Si'alo)), Si'elon, Sialo'ma, Ptysviu, 
 Pty'alon, Pty'elon, Sa'littm, Sputa'vien, Sputa- 
 men'tuvi, Sputum, Spittle. An inodorous, insipid, 
 transparent, slightly viscid fluid ; secreted by the 
 parotid, submaxillary and sublingual glands, and 
 poured into the mouth by the ducts of Steno, 
 Wharton and Rivinus ; the use of which is to mix 
 with the alimentary bolus, and to serve in the 
 process of digestion. It is composed, according 
 to Berzelius, of 992.2 parts of water, 2.9 of a par- 
 ticular animal matter, soluble in water, and in- 
 soluble in alcohol, pty'alin, princiv'ium »ali»o'li. 
 
SALR^JE 
 
 766 
 
 SALT 
 
 niate'rfa siali'na, of 1.4 of mucus, 1.7 of chlorides 
 of potassium and sodium, 0.9 of lactate of soda 
 aud animal matter, and 0.2 of soda. 
 
 SALIVA FLUXUS CIBO YISO, see Saliva- 
 tion. 
 
 SALIVATRE, Salivary. 
 
 SALIVAL, Salivary. 
 
 SALIVANS, Sialagogue. 
 
 SALTVANT, Sialagogue. 
 
 S ALIVARIS, Salivary — s. Herba, Anthemis 
 pyrethrum. 
 
 SAL'IVAPlT, Saliva'Hus, Saliva'ris, Salivo'- 
 sua, Sali'val, Sali'vous, from saliva, (F.) Salivaire. 
 That which belongs to the saliva. 
 
 Salivary Calculi, see Calculi, salivary. 
 
 Salivary Fis'tul^, Si<dosyrin'rje8, are such 
 as depend upon an accidental opening into the ex- 
 cretory ducts of the salivary glands. Fistulas are 
 most commonly met with in the duct of Steno. 
 
 Salivary Glands, Secreting organs of the 
 saliva, Salival glands, are situate symmetrically, 
 to the number of four, on each side of the face. 
 Their form is very irregular, and their extent 
 varies according to individuals. Their excretory 
 ducts — Ductus Saliva' rii, (F.) Ganaux ou Con- 
 duits scdivnires, carry the saliva directly into the 
 mouth, without pouring it into any intermediate 
 reservoir, as happens in the case of some of the 
 other glands. The salivary glands have been 
 distinguished into, — 1. The parotid; 2. The suh- 
 mrtxillary ; 3. The sublingual ; and 4. The {ntra- 
 lingual or lingual, seated at the inferior surface 
 of the tongue, where the mucous membrane forms 
 A fringed fold. 
 
 SALIVATIO, Salivation— s. Mercurialis, Sali- 
 vation, mercurial. 
 
 SALIVA'TIOX, Saliva'tio, Saliva'tio cal'ida, 
 Epiph'ora pjti/alis'mua, Sialis'mns, Sputum Oris, 
 Sial'achv-s, Sielismos, Sialorrhce'a, Sicdoze'mia, 
 Ptyalis'mus, Pty'alism, Flvxus sali'vcB, (F. ) 
 Flux de Bouclie, Flux salivaire. A super- 
 abundant secretion of saliva ; occasioned either 
 locally, by the use of irritating masticatories, or 
 under the influence of some cause which acts on 
 the whole economy, and especially of mercurial 
 preparations. In this last case it is accompanied 
 by a coppery taste in the mouth, by swelling of 
 the gums, and sometimes by looseness of the 
 teeth. Salivation may usually be diminished by 
 the use of astringents, laxatives, &c. 
 
 Ptyalismus acu'tus sympathet'icus, Saliva fluxns 
 cibo visa. Mouth icatering, the increased flow of 
 saliva produced by the sight, smell, or thought of 
 agreeable food, is a species of ptyalism, as well as 
 the Ptyalismus acutiis melli'tus. Apoceno'sis pty- 
 alis'mus mellitus, or Sweet spittle. In this the 
 saliva has a sweet or mucilaginous tnste. 
 
 Salivation', Mercu'rial, Saliva'tio mercu- 
 ria'lis, Sialoze'mia mercurialis, Ptyalis'mus mer- 
 curia'lis, P. hyd rargyra' tus , fF.) Ptyalisme mer- 
 curiel, Salivation mercurielle. Salivation pro- 
 duced by mercury. The stomatitis that accom- 
 panies* it is termed mercurial, Hydrar' gyro-ato- 
 mati'tia, (F.) Stomatite mercurielle. 
 
 SALIVATION 3IERCURIELLE, Salivation, 
 mercurial. 
 
 SALIVATUM, Sialagogue. 
 
 SALIVOSUS, Salivary. 
 
 SALIVOUS, Salivarv. 
 
 SALIX. The Willow, Ptea, (F.) Saide. A 
 genus of plants in the Linnaean system. 
 
 Salix Frag"ilts, »S'. pen'dula seu decip'i'ens 
 l<eu amygdnli'na seu peraicifo'lia seu Pusselia'na 
 «eu pippoph' aefol! a seu Trevira'nii, or Crack wil- 
 low (Ph. D.) Salix Alba, .S'. caru'lea seu virtcl- 
 li'na, or White willow (Ph. D. and Ph. TJ. S.) Sa- 
 lix Latifo'lia, or broad-leaved willow. Salix 
 Ca'prea, S. sphacela'ta seu tomento'sa, or Great 
 
 round-leaved willow (Ph. L.) Salix Pestah'- 
 DRiA seu Hermaphroditi'ca. Salix Hc'milis, 
 Low bush willow. Speckled willow. Salix Vitc- 
 li'na, Salix Erioceph'ala. The bark of each 
 of these has a slightly aromatic odour, and a bit- 
 ter astringent taste, which is nearly the same in 
 all the species. It is tonic and astringent, and 
 has been used in intermittents, and in cases of 
 dyspepsia, worms, &c. The active principle has 
 been separated, and called Sal'icine. It is like 
 the quinia in medicinal efiicacy. Dose, ^j to 5J 
 of the powder. Dose of Salicine from 4 to 6 
 grains. 
 
 Salix .SIgyptiaca, Calaf. 
 
 SALLOW, Lurid. 
 
 SALIMIAC, Ammoniae murias. 
 
 SALOOP, Salep. 
 
 SALPETRA, Soda, nitrate of. 
 
 SALPIXGEMPHRAX'IS, from caUiy^, 'the 
 Eustachian tube,' and tiifpa^i;, 'obstruction. Ob- 
 struction of the Eustachian tube; — a cause hf 
 deafness. 
 
 SALPINGI'TIS, from aa^^riy^, 'a tube,' and 
 itis, ' denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of 
 the Eustachian tube. 
 
 SALPIIS'GOCYE'SIS, Paracye'eia luha'ria, 
 Crravid'itas tuha'ria, from aa\T!iy^, 'a tube or 
 trumpet,' and Kvncis, 'pregnancy.' Tubal preg- 
 nancy. — See Pregnancy. 
 
 SALPINGOMALLJEEN, Tensor tympani — 
 s. Staphylinus internus, Levator palati. 
 
 SALPIXGOPHARTXG^'US, from craXriyf, 
 'a trumpet,' and ipaovy^, 'the pharynx.' Val- 
 salva and Douglas have given this name to a 
 bundle of fibres, which passes from the Eustachian 
 tube to the pharynx. 
 
 SAL PIN GO ST-4PHY LINUS, Circumflex 
 muscle. 
 
 SALPINGOSTENOCHO'EIA, from ca\7riy^, 
 ' a tube,' crrtvof, ' narrow,' and %upa, ' space.' 
 Narrowness or stricture of the Eustachian tube. 
 
 SALPINX, Tuba. 
 
 SALSAFI, Tragopogon. 
 
 SALSAMENTUM CRUDUM, OmotaTichos. 
 
 SALSAPARILLA GERMANICA,. Sarsapa^ 
 rUla Germanica. 
 
 SALSEDO MUCRUM, Potassas nitras. 
 
 SALSEPAREILLE, Smilax sarsaparilla — ». 
 d'Allemagne, Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
 
 SALSILAGO, Muria. 
 
 SALSOLA DECUMEENS, S. Kali. 
 
 Salso'la Kali, (S". Eecnm'bena, Kali soda, 
 Prichly Saltwort, Kali spino'aum eochlea'tum. 
 Tragus sive Tragum ilatthi'oU. This plant, aa 
 well as the Salaola sati'va and the Salsola sodn 
 seu longifo'lia. Kali iner'mis seu soda, Herba vitri, 
 produces the alkaline salt, commonly called Ba- 
 rilla, Soda, or Kelp. 
 
 Salsola Longifolia, S. Kali — s. Sativ.a, Ac, 
 see S. Kali, and Soda — s. Soda, see S. Kali. 
 
 SALSUGINOSUS, Halmyrodes. 
 
 SALSUS, Saline. 
 
 SALT, Sal, Hal, Hals, 'aX;, (F.) Set. A name 
 formerly given to a considerable number of sub- 
 stances of very different nature. At present, cby- 
 niists apply the term Salts exclusively to the com- 
 bination of an acid with one or more bases. Neu- 
 tral salts are those in which the acid and ba?e 
 reciprocally saturate each other. Acid salts or 
 supcrsalts, (F.) Snr-sels, are those in which tlio 
 acid predominates over the base. Alkaline na/ts 
 or siibaalls, (F.) Sous-sels, those in which the ba.'e 
 is, on the contrary, predominant. The different 
 denominations of the salts are compounded, 1. Of 
 the name of the acid ; the termination of which 
 is changed into ite, when the name of the acid \a 
 
SALTANS 
 
 76? 
 
 SANABILIS 
 
 in ons ; — ate, -when it is in ic. Thus the salts 
 formed by the sulphurous acid are sulphites; 
 those by the sulphuric, sulphates. 2. This name 
 is followed up by that of the oxyd, that enters 
 into the composition of the salt. Thus, the sul- 
 phate of protoxyd of iron is a combination of 
 sulphuric acid with the protoxyd of that metal. 
 Frequently, to shorten the name, the word oxyd 
 is suppressed; and proto, deuto, trito, &q., put 
 before the acid: — as pirotosulphate of iron. Sim- 
 ple salts are those resulting from the combina- 
 tion of an acid with a single base : double salts 
 with two different bases : triple with three, &c. 
 A haloid salt is one constituted after the type of 
 common salt, or which contains a metal and a 
 salt-radical, as chlorine, iodine, &e. An oxysnlt 
 is formed from the combination of an acid with 
 an oxide. 
 
 When salt is used in an abstract sense, it means 
 the chloride of sodium. 
 
 Salt Aperient, of Frederick, Soda, sulphate 
 of — s. Baker's, Ammonise carbonas — s. of Barilla, 
 Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Bay, Soda, muriate of 
 — s. Bitter purging, Magnesise sulphas — s. Com- 
 mon, Soda, muriate of — s. Epsom, Magnesise sul- 
 phas — s. Glauber's, Soda, sulphate of — s. Glau- 
 ber's, Lymington, see Soda, sulphate of — s. Bo- 
 chelle. Soda, tartrate of — s. Eoek, Soda, muriate 
 of — s. Sea, Soda, muriate of — s. Secondary, Neu- 
 tral salt — s. Seignette's, Soda, tartrate of — s. 
 Smelling, Ammonias carbonas — s. of Soda, Soda, 
 subcarbonate of — s. Sore-throat, Potassse nitras 
 fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus — s. of Tartar, see 
 Potassffi subcarbonas, and Potash — s. Tasteless 
 purging. Soda, phosphate of — s. of Urine, Am- 
 monia carbonas — s. White, Soda, muriate of — s. 
 of Woodsoot, Ammonia} carbonas — s. of Worm- 
 wood, see Potash. 
 
 SALTANS ROSA, Urticaria. 
 
 SALTATIO, Dancing— s. Sancti Viti, Chorea. 
 
 SALTERTON. A village about four miles to 
 the eastward of Exmouth, England, frequented 
 as a winter abode by invalids. It is in a small, 
 open valley on the seashore, and is well protected 
 from winds, particularly the northerly. 
 
 SALTISH, Ilalmyrodes. 
 
 SALTPETRE, Potassse nitras. 
 
 SALT US, Leap, Vulva — s. Tendinum, Subsul- 
 tus tendinum. 
 
 SALTWORT, PRICKLY, Salsola kali. 
 
 SALUBRIOUS, Salutary. 
 
 SALUBRIOUSNESS, Salubrity. 
 
 SALUBRIS, Salutary. 
 
 SALU'BRITY, Salu'britas, Salu'hriousness, 
 (F.) Saluhrite, from salus, 'health.' Any thing 
 which contributes to the health of individuals or 
 of communities. Situations differ materially from 
 each other in this respect; and the cause of the 
 difference is often an interesting topic of inquiry. 
 
 SALUS, Sanitas. 
 
 SALUTAIRE, Salutary. 
 
 SAL'UTARY, Peries'ticos, Saluta'ris, Salu'- 
 her, Salu'hris, Hygiei'nns, Hygiasticus, Hygie'- 
 rus, Salu'brins, (F.) Salutaire. Same etymon. 
 Healthy. That which is favourable to health. 
 Some diseases have been considered salutary; 
 but this is doubtful. 
 
 SALUTIF'EROUS, SaXu'tifer ,- from ealm, 
 'health,' and fero, 'I bear.' Bringing health; 
 health bearing. 
 
 SALVATEL'LA; same etymon, (?) Vena sal- 
 vatel'la, is situate on the back of the hand, near 
 its inner margin. It begins on the posterior sur- 
 face of the fingers and dorsal surface of the hand, 
 by a plexus, formed of a number of radicles, fre- 
 quently anastomosing with each other ; it then 
 ascends to the inner part of the forearm, where it 
 takes the name — posterior cubital. The ancients 
 
 recommended this vein to be opened in certain 
 diseases, as in melancholic and hypochondriacal 
 affections ; and they attributed to such abstraction 
 of blood considerable efficacy in the cure of dis- 
 ease : hence its name. 
 
 SALVE, BLISTERING, Unguentum lyttce— 
 s. Eye, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri — s. Eye, 
 Singleton's, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrieo-oxydl 
 — s. Healing, Cerate of calamine. 
 
 SAL'VIA, S. ojftcina'lis seu horten'sis seu vid- 
 ga'ris seu minor, Elelis' phacos, (F.) Sauge, Petite 
 Sauge, The d'Europe, The de France. Family, 
 Labiatse. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. Sage 
 has a peculiar, aromatic odour, and a warm, aro- 
 matic, bitterish taste. Its virtues depend upon 
 an essential oil. It is tonic, stimulant, and f:ar- 
 minative. In the form of a weak infusion, it is 
 occasionally used as a diluent, and as a wash for 
 sore mouth. Dose, gr. xv to xxx or more. 
 
 Salvia Africa'na, Wild Sage, a South jifri- 
 can species, has the same medical properties aa 
 Salvia, 
 
 Salvia Colorata, Salvia. 
 
 Salvia Hormi'nuit, Hormi'num, S. colora'ta, 
 Hormi'mnn colora'tuni seu sativum, (F.) Sauge- 
 hormin, of the Pharmacopoeias, is used in similar 
 cases. 
 
 Salvia Hortbnsis, Salvia — s. Minor, Salvia — 
 s. Officinalis, Salvia. 
 
 Salvia Scla'rea, Sdarea, Gallit'richurj}, 
 ^thio'2}is, Biser' mas, Colus Jovis, Common Clary, 
 (F.) Sauge sclaree, Grande sauge, Orvale ou Toute- 
 honne. The leaves have been recommended as 
 corroborants and anti-spasmodics. 
 
 Salvia Vit^, Asplenium ruta muraria — s. 
 Vulgaris, Salvia, 
 
 SAMBU'CUS, Sabu'ciis, Sambucus nigra, S. 
 vulga'ris, S. Arbo'rea, Acte, Iii/e'lix lignum; the 
 Elder, (F.) Sureau commun. Family, Capparifo- 
 liaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia — (Tho 
 flower and bark were formerly called Cano' pum.) 
 The flowers, berries, and bark of the elder have 
 been used in medicine. The flowers have been 
 reputed diaphoretic and discutient: the berries, 
 aperient and sudorific: the bark, purgative, and, 
 in small doses, deobstruent. The flowers are 
 sometimes used in fomentations, and to form a 
 cooling ointment. 
 
 Sambccus Arborea, Sambucus — s. Chamse- 
 acte, S. ebulus. 
 
 Sambucds Eb'ultjs, Ebulus, Chamaac'te, Od'- 
 ocos, Sambucus Chamceac'te seu He'lion, Sambu^- 
 cus hu'milis seu Herba'cea, Dwarf-elder, Dane- 
 ivort, (F.) Hieble. The root, interior bark, leaves, 
 flowers, berries, (BacccB seu Grana Actes,) and 
 seeds have all been given in moderate doses aa 
 resolvents and deobstruents ; and in large dosea 
 as hydragogues. The berries of Sambuctis Caiia- 
 den'sis, the Common Elder of America, are mado 
 officinal in the American Pharmaeopoeia. 
 
 Sambucus Helxon, Sambucus ebulus — s. Her- 
 bacea, S. ebulus — s. Humilis, S. ebulus — s. Nigra, 
 Sambucus — s. Vulgaris, Sambucus. 
 
 SAMI TERRA, Sa'mian Earth. An argilla- 
 ceous earth, found in the island of Samos, to 
 which were ascribed virtues similar to those of 
 the Terra Lemnii. — Galen, Dioscorides. 
 
 SAMIUS LAPIS. A stone found in the Isle 
 of Samos, which the ancients believed to be as- 
 tringent and refrigerant. 
 
 SAMPHIRE, Crithmum maritimum. 
 
 SAMPSON, BLACK, Echinacea purpureiu 
 
 SAMPSUCHUS, Thymus mastichina. 
 
 SAMPSUCUS, Origanum majoraua. 
 
 SAMPSYCH'INON, Sampsu'chinum. Anoint- 
 ment composed oi aan-i-vxov; which was perhapd 
 marjoram.— Dioscorides. 
 
 SANABILIS, Curable. 
 
SANABLE 
 
 768 
 
 SANITAS 
 
 SATs^ABLE, Curable. 
 SANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum. 
 SANATIO, Curation, Cure. 
 
 SANATIVE, Curative. 
 
 SAN GIULIANO, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 At the foot of the mountain San Giuliano, a 
 league and a half from Pisa, are several mineral 
 springs; temperature from 84° to 107° Fahr. 
 
 The spring, Pozzetto, contains carbonic acid, 
 sulphates of soda, lime, and magnesia; chlorides 
 of sodium and magnesium ; carbonates of lime 
 and magnesia; argil and sUica. — SantL 
 
 SAND, see Gravel. 
 
 SANDALUM C^RULEUM, Guilandina mo- 
 ringa — s. Rubrum, Pterocarpus santalinus. 
 
 SAN'DARAC, Sandara'cha, Gum Ju'niper, Gum 
 SnndaracJt, Pounce, Gummi Junip'eri, Sandara' - 
 f«, Veniix sicca, Resina Junip'eri. A name 
 given, by the Arabs, to an odorous resin, that 
 flows from the Thuya aphyl'la. Family, Coni- 
 ferae. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. It is 
 stimulant, like all the resins; but is very little 
 used. 
 
 SANDARACHA GR^CORUM, Realgar. 
 
 SAND-BLIND. A defect of vision, in which 
 small particles seem to fly before the eyes. See 
 Metamorphopsia. 
 
 SANDERS, see Saunders. 
 
 SANDIVER, see Vitrum. 
 
 SANDIX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 
 SANDYX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 
 SANG, Blood — s. Arteriel, Arterial blood — s. 
 Dragon, Rumex sanguineus — s. Dragon, see Ca- 
 lamus rotang — s. Globules du, Globules of the 
 blood — s. Perte de, Hsemorrhagia. 
 
 SANGAREE'. Wine and water, sweetened 
 and spiced. 
 
 SANGLOT, Sob. 
 
 SANG SUE. Hirudo. 
 
 SANGUIDUCTUS DUR^ MATRIS, Sinuses 
 of the dura mater. 
 
 S ANGUIFICATIO, Hsematosis — s. Debilior, 
 lIvphEematosis. 
 
 SANGUIFLUXUS, Hsemorrhagia — s. Uteri- 
 nus. Metrorrhagia. 
 
 SANGUIMOTION, Circulation. 
 
 SANGUIMOTORY, Circulatory. 
 
 SANGUIN, {Vaisseau,) Blood-vessel. 
 
 SANGUINALIS CORRIGIOLA, Polygonum 
 nviculare. 
 
 SANGUINA'RIA, S. Canaden'sis seu aeau'Us, 
 Bloodroot, Bloodwort, Piiccoon, Red Puccoon, Red 
 Root, Indian Paint, Tur'meric. Nat. Ord. Papa- 
 veracese. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. A 
 North American plant, the rhizoma and seeds of 
 which are used in medicine. They are emetic. 
 Dose of the powder, 8 to 20 grains. They are 
 laid to reduce the velocity of the pulse, like 
 digitalis. 
 
 Sanguinaria, Polygonum avieulare. 
 
 SANGUINE, Sanguin'eus, Sanguino'sus, HcB- 
 wat'icus, Hcp.mato'des, Hmmate'rus, Hmmati'nus, 
 Hanio'des, HmmoVdes, Sanguineotis ; (F.) San- 
 guin. Bloody, blood-like ; having the colour of 
 blood, as 'a sanguine countenance.' Relating to, 
 or containing blood — as ' sanguine temperament.' 
 Plethoric. 
 
 SANGUINEA, Potassse nitras. 
 
 SANGUINBNESS, Plethora. 
 
 SANGUINEOUS, Plethoric, Sanguine. 
 
 SANGUINEUS, Sanguine. 
 
 SANGUINIS ABSORPTIO, Iltemorrhophesis 
 — s. Congestio, Congestion — s. Dissolutio, Hsema- 
 teclysis^ — s. Fluor, Haemoptysis — s. Fluor VesiciB, 
 I'ystorrhagia — s. Ictus, Apoplexy — s. Missio, 
 Hlood-letting — s. Profluvium copiosum, Hajmor- 
 rbagia — s. Profluvium es Ore, Stomatorrhagia — 
 B, Stagnatio, Ha:mostasis. 
 
 SANGUIN'OLENT, Sanguinolen'tiis,{rom san- 
 guis, ' blood.' Tinged with blood. An epithet 
 applied, particularly, to the sputa when so tinged, 
 Bloody. 
 
 SANGUINOSUS, Sanguine. 
 SANGUIPUR'GIUM, from sanguis, 'blood,' 
 and purgare, 'to cleanse.' Purgation of the 
 blood. A name given by some authors to mild 
 fevers, from an idea that they purged the blood 
 of noxious matters. 
 
 SANGUIS, Blood, Sperm— s. Concretus, Coa- 
 gulum — s. Draconis, see Calamus rotang — s. Ilirci 
 siccatus, see Blood — s. Menstruus, see Menses — 
 s. in Urina, Hsematuria. 
 
 SANGUISOR'BA CANADEN'SIS, Canada 
 Burnett. A tall indigenous plant — family, Ro- 
 saceae — with white, sometimes purple, flowers, 
 which appear from August to October. It has 
 the same virtues as 
 
 Sanguisor'ba Officina'lis, S. car'nea seu 
 rubra, Ital'ian Pim'pinel, Pimpinel'la ItaV- 
 ica seu officina'lis, (F.) Pimprenelle noire. It 
 was formerly used as an astringent a,nd tonic, in 
 hemorrhages, dysentery, Ac. 
 
 SANGUISUGA, Hirudo. 
 
 SANGUISU'GUM. A barbarous term, to de- 
 note too great an accumulation of blood in the 
 heart. — Bonetus. 
 
 SANICLE, Sanicula, S. Marilandica — s. Ame- 
 rican, Heuchera cortusa — s. de Jlfariland, Sani- 
 cula Marilandica — s. Yorkshire, Pinguicola vul- 
 garis. 
 
 SANICULA, S. EuropcB'a seu officina'rum, 
 Astran'tia diapensia, Cauca'lis Sanic'ula, Cucnl- 
 la'ta, Bodeca'theon, Sym'phytuni petra'um, Sa~ 
 nic'ula mas, Biapen'sia, B. cortu'sa, San'iclc, 
 (F.) Toute-saine. Family, Umbelliferte. Sex. 
 Syst. Pentandria Digynia. This herb was for- 
 merly used as a mild astringent. It is bitterish, 
 and somewhat austere. 
 
 Sanicula, Saxifraga granula — s. Eboracensi?, 
 Pinguicola vulgaris — s. Europaea, Sanicula. 
 
 Sanic'ula Marilan'dica, San'ide, Ma'rylavd 
 Sanicle, Black Snnkeroot, (F.) Sanicle de JiJari- 
 land. This indigenous plant grows in marshes, 
 or low and shaded ground. It is possessed of 
 tonic virtues ; and the powdered root is employed 
 in popular practice as a favourite remedy in in- 
 termittent fever. It has been recommended, 
 also, in chorea. 
 
 Sanicula Montana, Pinguicola vulgaris — s. 
 OfBcinarum, Sanicula. 
 
 SANIDO'DES,<S'a?Ho'<fes, 'resembling aboard,' 
 from cavif, gen. aavibos, 'a board,' and ti^os, 're- 
 semblance.' One whose thorax is narrow, and, 
 as it were, contracted. 
 
 SANIE, Sanies. 
 
 SA'NIES, Ichor, Tabum, Vii-us, Pus mah'g'- 
 num, P.corrosi'vum, (F.) Sanie. A thin, serous 
 fluid, presenting some of the qualities of pus and 
 blood, and commonly exhaled at the surface of 
 iilcGrs> 
 
 SANIODES. Sanidodes. 
 
 SANIOSUS, Ichorous. 
 
 SANIOUS, Ichorous. 
 
 SAN'ITARY, San'atory, Healing. (F.) Sanl- 
 taire. That which relates to health, and espe- 
 cially to public health; as Stablissement sanitairc; 
 police sanitaire. 
 
 SANITA'llIUM, Sanato'rium; from sanitas, 
 ' health.' .A retreat selected for valetudinarians, 
 in consequence of its salubritj'. Also, an estab- 
 lishment for the treatment of the sick. 
 
 SAN'ITAS, Hygie'a, Hyge'a, Jlygian'sis, Hy- 
 gi'asis, Integ'ritas, Prosper'itas Valetu'dinis, Sa- 
 ins, Hygiei'a, Valetu'do, Valitu'do, Valctndo 
 bona seu secun'da seu com'moda, HygeVa, Euzo- 
 bdyna'mia, Health, (F.) Santi, from sanua, 
 
SAISriTT 
 
 769 
 
 SAPO 
 
 'sound.' Healtli has been defined, — a state, in 
 which all the functions are exerted with regula- 
 rity and harmony. A person may, however, be 
 in health, although certain functions are not per- 
 formed. A blind man, for example, has health 
 when all his functions, except sight, proceed with 
 regularity. Sanity is often used for soundness 
 of mind. 
 
 Sanitas, Cure. 
 SANITY, Sanitas. 
 SANKIRA, Smilax China. 
 SANS PAIEE, ( Yeine,) Azygos vein. 
 SANTA CRUZ, (CLIMATE OF.) This West 
 India island is frequently selected as a winter re- 
 treat for the phthisical valetudinarian from the 
 United States ; but it does not seem entitled to 
 any preference, in such cases, over the other isl- 
 ands of the West Indies, whilst its general salu- 
 brity is said to be less than that of many. 
 
 SANTAL BLANC, Santalum album — s. 
 Bonge, Pterocarpus aantalinus. 
 
 SANTALUM, see Pterocarpus santalinus. 
 San'talum Album, S. cit'rimim seu pal'lidum 
 Beu myrtifo'liiun, Sir'ncm myrtifo'lium, Yellow 
 Saunders, (F.) Santal hlanc. Sex. Syst. Teti'an- 
 dria Monogynia. The virtues of the wood of the 
 white saunders reside in a volatile oil and resi- 
 nous principle. The odour is fragrant, .and re- 
 sembles a mixture of ambergris and roses. It 
 has been used as a stimulant and sudorific, but it 
 is not now employed. The saunders woods are 
 called, collectively, in French, Santaux. 
 
 Santalum Myrtipolium, S. album — s. Ru- 
 brum, Pterocarpus santalinus. 
 SANTE, Sanitas. 
 
 SANTONICUM, Artemisia santonicum. 
 SAN'TONINE, San'tonin, Cinin. A peculiar 
 crystalline substance obtained from Artemisia 
 Santonica. It possesses the anthelmintic pro- 
 perties of the plant. Dose, five or six grains. 
 
 SANTORI'NI, FISSURES OF, (F.) Incisures 
 ou Seissures de Santorini. Clefts at the upper 
 and back part of the fibro-eartilaguious portion 
 of the external ear. 
 
 Santorini, Tu'bercles of. Small cartilagi- 
 nous projections at the top of the arytenoid car- 
 tilages, which support the ligaments of the glottis. 
 See Corniculum Laryngis. 
 SANVE, Sinapis. 
 
 SAP, Sax. )"cepe, (G.) Saft, Arhorum Succus 
 seu Lympha, _(F.) Seve. The circulating fluid of 
 the vegetable, which corresponds to the blood of 
 the animal. 
 
 SAP A, see Rob. 
 
 SAPHA'DA. Paracelsus has given this name 
 to reddish scales adherent to the hair in some 
 eruptions of the hairy scalp. 
 SAPHiENA, Saphena. 
 
 SAPHE'NA, Saphce'na, from carpri;, 'manifest,' 
 ' evident.' (F.) Saphene. A name given to two 
 subcutaneous veins of the lower limb. These 
 are : 1. The Great Saphena Vein, Saphena 
 interna, Tibio-malleolar, (Ch..,) CF.) Grande Veine 
 Saphene ou Saphene interne. Its radicles occupy 
 the inner part of the great toe, and form a trans- 
 verse arch on the back of the foot, which unites 
 with the saphena externa, and receives at its 
 convex part, which is turned forwards, a number 
 of branches coming from the toes. These radi- 
 cles, when united, ascend before the inner ankle, 
 and form a trunk, the size of which is farther 
 increased by several branches that proceed from 
 the region of the tarsus, and that of the meta- 
 tarsus. This trunk ascends vertically at the 
 inner part of the leg ; passes behind the inner 
 condyle of the femur; proceeds along the inner 
 part of the thigh ; receives other subcutaneous 
 veins, such as the abdominal subcutaneous, the 
 49 
 
 external pudic, &c., and passes through the in- 
 ferior opening of the crural canal to empty itself 
 into the femoral vein. 2. The Lesser Vena 
 Saphena or Saphena externa; the Peroneo- 
 malleolar Vein of Chaussier, (F.) Petite Veine 
 Sa2:thhie ou Saphene externe, commences by seve- 
 ral roots, which are spread over the dorsum and 
 outer side of the foot, and embrace the outer 
 ankle. Behind this, they unite into a single 
 trunk, which ascends obliquely, approaching the 
 tendo Achillis, and proceeds vertically towards 
 the ham to open into the popliteal vein. 
 SAPHENE, Saphena. 
 
 SAPHE'NOUS, Sapheno'sns; from Saphi-ne. 
 Of or belonging to the saphena. 
 
 Saphenous Nerves are two in number, and 
 are branches of the crural or femoral nerve. 
 They are the short saphenous — nervus cutaneous 
 internus; and the long saphenous, — nervus cuta- 
 neous interntis longvs. 
 
 The external saphenous, formed by the union 
 of the communicans poplitei and communieans 
 peronei, passes down the leg by the side of the 
 external saphenous vein of the foot. 
 
 SAPID, Sa'2>orous, Sap'idus, (F.) Savoureux. 
 Possessed of sapidity. Having the power of 
 afiecting the organs of taste. 
 
 SAPID'ITY, Sap'idness, Saporos'ify, Sapor, 
 (F.) Sapidite, from sapere, 'to taste.' The 
 quality of bodies that gives them taste. 
 SAPIN COJ/MUN, Pinus picea. 
 SAPIN'DUS, S. Sapona'ria, Sapona'ria, Soap 
 Tree, (F.) Saronnier comnnin. The name of the 
 plant that affords the Soap Nuts, Sapona'rice 
 Nu'cula, Bac'ccB Bermuden'ses, Soap-berries, A 
 spherical fruit about the size of a cherry, the 
 cortical part of which is j'ellow, glossy, and so 
 transparent as to show the spherical black nut 
 that rattles within, and includes a white kernel. 
 The cortical part of this fruit, which has similar 
 effects with soap in washing, has been 1-eeom- 
 mended in chlorosis, and as a stomachic and 
 deobstruent. 
 
 SAPO, Soap, Sax. )"ape, Smegma, (F.) Saron. 
 A product obtained by treating fatty bodies with 
 caustic alkalies dissolved in water. In the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the United States, it means Soap 
 made with soda and olive oil. 
 
 Yellow Soap is formed of turpentine, oil, an(L 
 alkali. 
 
 Castile Soap, being made of fine olive oil, ia 
 generally used internally. The yellow and soft 
 soaps are the most stimulating; and are, conse- 
 quently, best adapted for particular cutaneous 
 eruptions. 
 
 Internally, soap is purgative and diuretic ; ex- 
 ternally, it is detergent and stimulant. Soapy 
 water is used with the greatest success, in eases 
 of poisoning by acids. It is mostly applied ex- 
 ternally to bruises and sprains. In Pharmacy, 
 it is used to favour the solution of resins. 
 
 Sapo Ac"idus, Acid Soaj:), is a combination of 
 a fixed oil with an acid. 
 
 Sapo Ammoniacalis, Linimentnm ammonios 
 fortius — s. Ammoniae oleaceus, Linimentum am- 
 moniaa fortius — s. Amygdalinus, Sapo medieina- 
 lis — s. Cacaotinus, Sapo coconeus — s. Calcarius, 
 ■Linimentum aquse calcis — s. Castiliensis, see 
 Sap Medicinalis. 
 
 Sapo Coco'neus, Soap of Cocoa-Nut Oil, S. 
 cacaoti'ntis, (F.) Savon de cacoa, has been much 
 used in Germany in herpetic affections. 
 
 Sapo Durus, S. Hispanicus — s. Hispanicuii. 
 see S. medicinalis. 
 
 Sapo Kaltcus, S. Mollis. 
 
 Sapo Liq'uidus, Ligm'd Soap, Lotio sapima'- 
 cea, is a cosmetic which is composed of olive oxl 
 
SAP ON AIRE 
 
 770 
 
 SARCOLOGIA 
 
 ^iv, o?, fartmi per deh'qnium ^ss. Rub togetlier, 
 aud add aqua rosarum ^xij. 
 
 Sapo Medicina'lis, Medic" inal Soap, Sapo 
 amygdaW iiufi, (£.) Savon medicinal, is made with 
 oil of sweet almonds and half its weight of caus- 
 tic alkali, or, like the Saiio Hiepani'cua seu Gaa- 
 tllien'sis, Spanish or Oaatile soap, Sapo durus, 
 (F.) Savon dur, of olive oil and soda. 
 
 Sato Mollis, Common or Soft Soap, S. vir'idis, 
 S. nl'yer, S. ka'licus, (F.) Savon mou, Savon noir, 
 is made of potass and oil or tallow. The Sapo 
 vulgaris, or ' common soap' of the Pharm. U. S. 
 is made with soda and animal oil. 
 
 Sapo Niger, Black Soap, Melanosmeg'ma, is a 
 composition of train oil and an alkali : and Green 
 Soap, Sapo vir'idis, of hempseed, linseed, or rape 
 oil, with an alkali. See Sapo mollis. 
 
 Sapo Vegstabilis, Pulvis gummosus alkali- 
 nus — s. Viridis, Sapo mollis — s. Vulgaris, see 
 Sapo mollis. 
 
 SAPONA'CEOUS; Sapona'ceus ; from Sapto, 
 ' soap.' Soapy. Containing soap, as Linimen- 
 tiim saponaceim. Soap liniment. 
 
 SAP ON AIRE, Saponaria. 
 
 SAPONA'RIA, from Sapo, ' soap.' Soap-wort, 
 Bruise-wort, Stru'thium, Lana'ria, Lychnis syl- 
 ves'tris, Ihix'um.a, Bootia vulga'ris Lychnis offici- 
 na'Hs, (F.) Saponaire. Fainily, Carj'ophyllea3. 
 Sex. Syst. Decandria Digynia. A decoction of 
 the leaves of this plant has been recommended 
 in scrofula, cancer, old syphilis, cutaneous erup- 
 tions, jaundice, visceral obstructions, &a. It is 
 hardly ever used. 
 
 Saponaria, Sapindus saponaria. 
 
 SAPONARLE NUCULE, see Sapindus sapo- 
 naria. 
 
 SAPO'NEA, from Sapo, 'soap.' A pectoral 
 medicine, prepared with sweetened syrup of vio- 
 lets, and oil of sweet almonds. 
 
 SAPON'ULES, Sapon'uli, (P.) Savonvles. 
 Same etymon. Combinations of volatile or es- 
 sential oils with different bases. 
 
 Acid Saponules are combinations of such oils 
 ■with different acids. 
 
 SAPOR, Sapidity, Savour. 
 
 SAPOROSITY, Sapidity. 
 
 SAPOROUS, Sapid. 
 
 SAPO'TA, Achras Sapota sen aiistra'lis seu 
 Zapota, Sapota akhras. El nispero. Oval-fruited 
 Sapota, (F.) Sapotier, Sapotillier, Sa2)otilla. Fam. 
 Sapotese. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Digynia. A tree 
 which grows in the Antilles, and particularly at 
 St. Domingo. Its fruit is much esteemed. It 
 resembles the marmalade of quinces; and hence 
 has been called natural marmalade. The seeds 
 make an emulsion, which has been given in 
 nephritic affections. The bark has been recom- 
 mended as a febrifuge. 
 
 Sapota alchras, Sapota. 
 
 SAPOTIER, Sapota. 
 
 SAPOTILLA, Sapota. 
 
 SAPOTILLIER, Sapota, 
 
 SAPROPYRA, Typhus gravior. 
 
 SAPROS, Putrid, Rancid. 
 
 SAPROS'TOMUS, from aa^po?, 'foul, of a bad 
 odour,' and Gvona, 'mouth' Oae who has an 
 offensive breath. 
 
 SAPROTES, Putrefaction. 
 
 SAR'APUS, Sarapotis. One who has a large 
 foot ; whose toes are largely separated, or whose 
 feet arc much asunder in walking; from aatpoi, 
 ' I grin,' and tows, ' the foot.' See Kyllosis. 
 _ SARATO'GA, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 Saratoga springs in New York are ten miles 
 Dorth-cast from Ballston. They contain the 
 fcamc iugrcdients as those of the latter place; 
 Slid are much fretjuented by visiters from every 
 
 part of the United States. The following analy- 
 sis has been given of the Congress spring. In a 
 wine gallon — gaseous contents: carbonic acid, 
 311 cubic inches ; atmospheric air, 7. Solid con- 
 tents. Chloride of sodium, gr. 385 ; iodide of 
 sodium, gr. 3.5 ; bicarbonate of soda, gr. 8.982; 
 bicarbonate of magnesia, 95.788; carbonate of 
 lime, 98.098; carbonate of iron, 5.075; silica, 
 1.6 ; bromide of potassium, a trace. Total gr. 
 597.943.— Steel. 
 
 The Walton or Iodine sp>ring contains chloride 
 of sodium, carbonate of magnesia, and iodide of 
 sodium. 
 
 SARCEPIPLOCELE. Sarcoepiplocele. 
 
 SARCEPIP LOM PIIALOCELE, Sarcoepi- 
 plomphacele. 
 
 SARCEPIPLOMPHALUS, Sarcoepiplompha- 
 lus. 
 
 SARCIDIUM, Caruncle. 
 
 SARCINA, Foetus. 
 
 Sar'cina Ventric'tjli, Sarcina, 'a pact, a 
 woolpack.' A microscopic crj'ptogamous plant 
 found in the fluid of waterbrash. 
 
 SARCION, Caruncle. 
 
 SARCITES, Anasarca — s. Flatuosus, Em- 
 physema. 
 
 SARCITIS, Myositis. 
 
 SARCOCE'LE, Hernia carno'sa, Scirrhus Tes- 
 tic'uli, from (rap|, 'flesh,' and KrjXrj, 'a tumour;' 
 Sarco'ma scroti, (F.) Hemic charnue. Scirrhus 
 or cancer of the testicle. This disease afteeta 
 adults particularly; and appears most commonly 
 after an inflammatory swelling of the testicle. 
 Sometimes it is dependent upon a blow ; at 
 others, it makes its appearance without any ap- 
 preciable cause. It is well known by a hard, 
 heavy, ovoid or spherical swelling of the testicle, 
 which is, at first, slightly, or not at all painful, 
 and merely causes an unpleasant traction on the 
 spermatic cord. There is no heat or change of 
 colour of the skin ; the spermatic cord is swollen, 
 and participates in the afi"ection ; very painful 
 shootings occur ; the lymphatic glands of the 
 abdomen become swollen, and form a tumour, 
 which may, at times, be felt through the abdo- 
 men ; and the patient, at length, dies with every 
 sign of the cancerous diathesis. The prognosis 
 is very unfavourable. The only means, indeed, 
 that can save life is the extirpation of the testicle. 
 
 SARCOCOL'LA, (F.) Colle-ehair, from capl, 
 'flesh,' and Ko'S.Xa, 'glue.' A resino*is matter, ob- 
 tained from Penm'a Sarcocol'la, P. mucrona'tn, 
 and other species of Pencca. An African shrub, 
 which has been so called from a belief that it 
 facilitates the consolidation of flesh. It is in the 
 form of small, oblong, semitransparent globules, 
 of a yellowish or reddish blue, and smells like 
 aniseed. It was once employed as an astringent 
 and detergent. 
 
 SARCODES, Carneous. 
 
 SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE, Sarcepiploce'Ie, from 
 (jap^, 'flesh,' nrnrXoov, 'the epiploon,' and Kn'>"i, 
 ' a tumour.' Epiplocele, complicated with sar- 
 coma or sarcocele. 
 
 SARCOE P I P L M'PHALUS, Sarcepiplom'- 
 phalus, Sarcepiplomphaloce'le, from crap^, ' flesh,' 
 ETTirrXoov, 'the epiploon,' and op^a'Xos, 'the navel.' 
 Umbilical hernia, formed by scirrhous epipiooa 
 or complicated with sarcoma. 
 
 SARCOIIYDROCELE, Ilydro-sarcocele. 
 
 SARCOLEM'MA, Sarcoh'ma, from rrnp^, 
 'flesh,' and Xr/i/in, 'a coat.' The sheath which 
 surrounds the fibrils of muscle that form a fibre. 
 It is quite distinct from the areolar membrane 
 that binds tlie fibres into fasciculi. — Bowman. 
 See Pervnii>^nim. 
 
 SARCOLOGIA, Myology. 
 
SARCOLOGY 
 
 771 
 
 SATYRIASIS 
 
 SARCOL'OGl', Sarcolog"ia, from aapl, 'flesh,' 
 and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' The part of anatomy 
 which treats of the soft parts. It comprises mj^- 
 ology, angiology, neurology, and splanchnology. 
 SARCO'MA, Einphy'ma Sarcoma, Sarcom'a- 
 tous tumour, Sareo'sin, Porriis, Sarcophy'ia, Eesar- 
 co'ma, Exsarco'ma, Tumor car'nens, Excrescen'tia 
 carno'aa, Pol'i/pna carno'sus, from <rap|, 'flesh.' 
 Any species of exereseence having a fleshy con- 
 sistence. 
 
 Sarcoma, CARcnroMATOiJS, Scirrhus — s. Cer- 
 cosis, see Cercosis — s. Epulis, Epulis — s. Mas- 
 toid, Mammary sarcoma — s. Medullare, see En- 
 cepbaloid — s. Medullary Eneephaloid, Hasma- 
 todes fungus — s. Pulpy, Hrematodes fungus — s. 
 Scroti, Sarcocele. 
 
 Sarcoma, Common Vascular or Organized 
 of Abernethy, Empliy'ma Sarcoma Vasculo'sum, 
 is vascular throughout: texture simple: when 
 bulky, napped on the surface with arborescent 
 veins. Found over the body and limbs generally. 
 SARCOMATEUX, Sarcomatous. 
 SARCOMATODES, Sarcomatous. 
 SARCOMATOSUS, Sarcomatous. 
 SARCOM'ATOUS, Sarcomata' sus, Sarcoma- 
 to'des, (F.) Sarcomafenx. Belonging to, or having 
 the characters of sarcoma. 
 
 SARCOMPHALUM, Sarcomphalus. 
 SARCOM'PHALTJS, Sarcom'phnlum, from 
 vap^, 'flesh,' and on<lia\o;, 'the navel.' A scir- 
 rhous or fleshy tumour, developed at the navel. 
 SARCOMYCES, Sarcospongus. 
 SARCOPHAGUS, Carnivorous, Catheretic. 
 SARCOPHYIA, Excrescence, Sarcoma. 
 SAB COP TE, Acarus. 
 SARCOPTES SCABIEI, see Psora. 
 SARCOPYO'DES, from (rap^, 'flesh,' rn'ov, 
 'pus,' and £i5o;, 'resemblance.' Having the ap- 
 pearance of pus mix^d with flesh. An epithet 
 given to certain excreted matters, and particu- 
 larly to the sputa of those labouring under con- 
 sumption. 
 
 SARCO'SIS, from cap^, 'flesh.' The formation 
 of flesh. Also, sarcoma. 
 
 Sarco'sis Bdlbi, ExopJithal'mia fungo'sa seu 
 8nrcsm.at' ica. A fleshy growth from the lobe of 
 the ".ye. 
 
 SiKCOSis Uteri, Metrauxe. 
 SARCOSPOXG'US, Sarcomy'ces, from aap?,, 
 'flesh,' and a-oyyog, 'fungus.' A fleshy fungus. 
 SARCOSTOSIS, Osteo-sarcoma. 
 SARCOTIC, Incarnans. 
 
 SARCOUS, from <xapl 'flesh.' Of, or belong- 
 ing to, flesh or muscle — as ' sarcous tissue.' 
 
 Sarcous Elements, Prim' Hive par'tichs. The 
 elementary particles, which, by their union, form 
 the mass of muscular fibre. — Bowman. 
 
 SARDIASIS, Canine laugh, Risus sardonicus. 
 SARDONIASIS, Canine laugh, Risus sardo- 
 nicus. 
 
 SARE, Essera. 
 
 SARRASIN, Polygonum fagopyrum. 
 SARRETE, Trismus infantum. 
 SARRIETTE, Satureia hortensis— s. de Crete, 
 Satureia capitata. 
 
 SARSA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 _ SARSAPARILLA, Smilax S.— s. False, Ara- 
 lia nudicaulis. 
 
 Sarsaparil'la German'ica, Gramen major, 
 O. ruhrurn, Salsapnril' In Germanica, Cnrex Are- 
 na'ria, (F.) Zaiche, L. des Sables, Salsepareille 
 d^AUemagne. Family, Cyperoideas. Sex. Syst. 
 Moncecia Triandria. A plant, which grows plen- 
 tifully on the sea-coasts of Europe. It has been 
 recommended in some mucous affections of the 
 trachea, iu rheumatism, gout, &c. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, Indian, Hemidesmus Indicus. 
 
 SARTAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 SARTO'RIUS, from sartor, 'a tailor,' because 
 used in crossing the legs. Suto'rius, Lomjis'si- 
 mus Fem'oris, Fascia'lis, F. Longus seu sulo'riiw, 
 (F.) Il'io-cresti-tibial, Ilio-piretibial (Ch.), Coutu- 
 rier. A muscle, situate at the anterior part of 
 the thigh. It is long, small, and flattened, and 
 extends, obliquely, from the anterior and superioi 
 spine of the ilium to the superior and inner part 
 of the tibia. This muscle can, also, bend the pel- 
 vis on the thigh, and conversely. 
 
 SARX, Flesh, Pulp. 
 
 SARZA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 SASSAFRAS, Laurus sassafras — s. Medulla, 
 see Laurus sassafras — s. Radieis cortex, see Lau- 
 rus sassafras — s. Swamp, Magnolia glauca. 
 
 SAT'ELLITE, Satellea. That which guards. 
 That which is placed near. 
 
 Satellite Veins are those that accompany 
 arteries. 
 
 SATHE. Penis. 
 
 SATIES, Satiety. 
 
 SATIETAS, Plesmone. 
 
 SATI'ETY, Sati'etas, Satu'ritas, Sa'ties, Sa- 
 tura'tio, Pletlios, Plesmone, from satiare (itself 
 from satis, 'enough'), ' to give enough.' Disgust 
 for food ; commonly produced by repletion. 
 
 SATIX, Lunaria rediviva. 
 
 SATURAXS, Absorbent (medicine). 
 
 SATURATIO, Satiety, Saturation. 
 
 SATURA'TION,' ^'a<»r«'<io, from satis, 
 ' enough.' The state of a compound in which ita 
 elements are combined in such proportions that 
 a fresh quantity of either cannot be added with- 
 out producing excess. 
 
 SATUREI'A CAPITA'TA, CiViated Sa'vory, 
 Thymus, Thymus sylves'lris seu capita' tus. Thy- 
 mus Cret'icvs, Cuni'la, ( F. ) Sarriette de Crete. 
 Possesses similar properties to thyme. 
 
 Saturei'a Horten'sis, Satureia, S. sati'va, 
 Cuni'la sativa Plin'ii, Thymbra, Summer Sa'- 
 vory, (F. ) Sarriette. Family, Labiatse. Sex. 
 Syst. Didynamia G3-mnospermia. An aromatic 
 plant, cultivated for culinary purposes. It has 
 been used, as an excitant, in anorexia, anaphro- 
 disia, &c. 
 
 Satureia Origanoides, Cunila mariana — s. 
 Sativa, S. hortensis. 
 
 SATURITAS, Satietv. 
 
 SATURNI DULCEDO, Plumbi superacetas. 
 
 SAT'URNIXE, Saturni'nus, from saturnus, 
 'lead.' Containing or caused by lead. 
 
 Sat'urnine Breath. The peculiar odour of 
 the breath in one labouriug under Saturnismus. 
 
 SATURNISM'US, Intoxica'tio seu Cachex'ia 
 saturni'na, from, saturnus, 'lead.' Poisoning by 
 lead; lead-poisoning; saturnine cachexy. 
 
 SATURN US, Plumbum. 
 
 SATYRI'ASIS, from Ya-vpog, 'a Satyr;' be- 
 cause the Satyrs are said to have been greatly 
 addicted to venery. Satyrias'mua,'Satyris'mua, 
 Priapis'mus, Sal<ic"itas, Brachu'na, Aras'con, 
 Satyri'asis furens, Lngne'sis Salac"itas, Lagnesia 
 furor masculi'niis, Lagne'a, Lagni'a, Lagno'sia, 
 Lasciv'in, Lasciv'itas, Tenti'go vere'tri. An irre- 
 sistible desire, in man, to have frequent con- 
 nexion with females, accompanied by the powef 
 of doing so without exhaustion. The causes are 
 commonly obscure. Sometimes, the abuse ot 
 aphrodisiacs has occasioned it. The principal 
 symptoms are ; — almost constant erection : irro-- 
 sistible and almost insatiable desire for venery; 
 frequent nocturnal pollutions. Cold lotions; the 
 cold bath; a mild diet; active exercise, <tc., aro 
 the only means that can be adopted for its t^- 
 moval. 
 
 Satyriasis Furens, Satyriasis. 
 
SATYRIASMUS 
 
 772 
 
 SCALE 
 
 SATYRIASMUS, Satyriasis. 
 SATYRIOiST, Orchis mascula. 
 SATYRISMUS, Satyriasis. 
 SATYRIUM, Goodyera pubescens. 
 
 SAUCE-ALONE, Alliaria. 
 
 SAUCE, GREEN, Rumex scutatus. 
 
 SAUER KRAUT (G.), ' sour cabbage,' (F.) 
 C hou-croute. A culinary preparation, made with 
 chopped cabbage, left to attain an incipient state 
 of acetous fermentation. It is reputed by the 
 Germans to be salubrious, easy of digestion, and 
 eminently antiscorbutic. 
 
 SATJGE, Salvia — s. des Bois, Teucrium scor- 
 dium — s. Grande, Salvia sclarea — s. Hormin, 
 Salvia horminum — s. de Jerusalem, Pulmonaria 
 — s. Petite, Salvia — s. Sclaree, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 SAULE, Salix. 
 
 SAUMUBE, Muria. 
 
 SAUNDERS, RED, Pterocarpus santalinus— 
 s. Tree, Pterocarpus santalinus — s. Yellow, San- 
 talum album. 
 
 SAURA, Lizard. 
 
 SAURU'RUS CER'NUUS, Lizard's Tail. In- 
 digenous ; Order, Saururaceifi ; flowering in June. 
 It has been used in lumbago. 
 
 SAUSAGE POISON, Allantotoxicum. 
 
 SA UT, Leap. 
 
 SAVVE-VIE, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 SAVEUR, Savour. 
 
 SAVINE, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 SA VINIER, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 SAVON, Sapo — s. Ammoniacal, Linimentum 
 ammonise fortius — s. Cacao, Sapo coconeus — s. 
 Oalcaire, Linimentum aquae calcis — s. Dur, Sapo 
 durus — s. Medicinal, Sapo medicinalis — s. Mou, 
 Sapo mollis — s. Nuir, Sapo mollis. 
 
 SAVONNIER COMMUN, Sapindus sapo- 
 naria. 
 
 SA VONULE, Saponulus. 
 
 SAVONULUS, Saponulus. 
 
 SAVORY, CILIATED, Satureia capitata — s. 
 Summer, Satureia hortensis. 
 
 SA'VOUR, Sapor, Taste, (F.) Saveur. Quality 
 of bodies, by which they act upon the sense of 
 taste. Chymists, at times, avail themselves of 
 this quality to analyze an unknown substance. 
 
 SA VO UBEUX, Savoury. 
 
 SA'VOURY, Sap'idus, (F.) Savoureux. An 
 epithet given to bodies that have taste ; and 
 particularly to those that excite a very agreeable 
 impression on the organ of taste. 
 
 SAVOYAN, Galium verum. 
 
 Sa!w, Prion, Serra, (Da.) Sawe, (Sax.)rn5a, 
 (F.) Scie. A surgical instrument, made like a 
 common saw ; and used for sawing the bones in 
 amputations, or for removing exostoses, &c. Saws 
 of different sizes and shapes are used in surgery. 
 The crown of the trepan is nothing more than a 
 si^ecies of circular saw. 
 
 Saw, Aifputa'tion, Serra amputato'ria. The 
 saw used in amputation. 
 
 Saw, Hev's. An instrument used by Mr. Hey, 
 of Leeds, in fractures of the cranium. It consists 
 of a long handle, to which a small saw with a 
 convex or straight edge is attached, and by which 
 a piece of bone of any shape may be removed. 
 With the trephine, the saw must always be cir- 
 cular. 
 
 SAW PALMETTO, Chama3rops serratula— a. 
 Wort, Liatris. 
 
 SAXIFRAGA, Pimpinella saxifraga — s. An- 
 glica, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
 Saxif'raga Crassifo'lia. Famihj, Saxifra- 
 ijesB. Sex. Si/St. Decandria Digynia. The root 
 of this species of saxifrjige has been extolled by 
 Pallas, as pre-eminently antiseptic. 
 
 Sa-TcfkaGa Granula'ta, S. alba, Sanic'ula, 
 
 Sedum, White sax'ifrage, (F.) Saxifrage granulie. 
 Recommended as diuretic and litliont..iptic; but 
 not used. 
 
 Saxifraga Rubra, Spiraea filipendula — s. 
 Vulgaris, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
 SAXIFRAGE, BURNET, Pimpinella saxifraga 
 — s. Oranulee, Saxifraga granulata — s. Meadow, 
 Peucedanum silaus — s. White, Saxifraga gra- 
 nulata. 
 
 SAXIFRAGUS, Lithontriptic. 
 
 SAXON'ICUS PULVIS. A powder, prepared 
 with the roots of the wild and cultivated ange- 
 lica; the asclepias vincetoxicum, kc It was 
 considered formerly as an antidote. 
 
 SCAB, from. Sca'bies, and scaSere, 'to dig.' An 
 incrustation, which forms upon a sore, owing to 
 the concretion of the fluid discharged from it. 
 An eschar. 
 
 SCABBY or SCABBED. Covered or diseased 
 with scabs. 
 
 SCABIES, Psora — s. Agria, Lichen — s. Ca- 
 pitis, Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo .scutulata — s. 
 Capitis favosa, Porrigo favosa — s. Fera, Ec- 
 thyma. 
 
 Sca'bies Feei'na, Itch of animals, Mancje. A 
 cutaneous disease, which affects almost all do- 
 mestic animals, but especially the horse, sheep, 
 dog, and cow. It is said to have been transmitted 
 to man ,• but this is questionable. 
 
 Scabies Feeina, Psoriasis — s. Papuliformis, 
 Prurigo — s. Sicca, Lichen, Psoriasis — s. Venerea 
 contagiosa, Seherlievo. 
 
 SO ABIE USE ORDINAIRE, Scabiosa. 
 
 SCABIOLA, Scabies. 
 
 SCABIO'SA, S. arven'sis, Tri'chera arven'sis, 
 Field Sca'bioiis, (F.) Scubiexise 07'dinaire. Fa- 
 mily, Dipsacese. Sex. S^st. Tetrandria Monogy- 
 nia. The plant is bitter and sub-astringent, and 
 was formerly used in the cure of leprous affec- 
 tions and diseased lungs. 
 
 Scabiosa Arvensis, Scabiosa — s. Carduifolia, 
 Echinops. 
 
 Scabiosa Succi'sa, Suecisa, S. praten'sis,Aste- 
 roeejih'aliia suecisa, Morsus Diab'oli, Devil's bit, 
 (F.) Ilors du Diable, has similar properties. 
 
 SCABIOUS, Erigeron Philadelphicum — s. 
 Field, Scabiosa — s. Sweet, Erigeron. heterophyl- 
 lum. 
 
 SCABISH, CEnothera biennis. 
 
 SCABRITIES, Lichen. 
 
 SCALA, ' a ladder.' A machine formerly used 
 for reducing dislocations of the humerus. 
 
 ScALiE OF THE Coch'lea, Gyri seu Ductus spi- 
 ra'les seu Cana'lcs cochlecB, ( F. ) Rampes ou 
 Echelles du Limaron — are the cavities in the 
 cochlea, separated from each other by the spiral 
 sej)tum. The one — Scala inter' na seu poste'rior 
 seu inferior coch'lecB, S. tym'2:>ani — would com- 
 municate with the cavitas tympani by the fenes- 
 tra rotunda, were it not for the membrane tliat 
 closes it. The other — Scala exier'na seu antc'- 
 rior seu snp)erior coch'lem, S. vestib'uli — opens 
 into the cavity of the vestibule. The sealiB com- 
 municate with each other by an opening at the 
 top of the partition. 
 
 Scala Anterior Cochlejb, see Scala — a. 
 Clausa, see Scala — s. Externa cochleae, sec Scala 
 — s. Inferior cochlete, see Scala— s. Interior coch- 
 leae, see Scala — s. Posterior cochlea?, see Scala 
 — s. Superior cochleae, see Scala — s. Tympani, 
 see Cochlea, and Scala — s. Vestibuli, see Coch- 
 lea, and Scala. 
 
 SCALE, Sax. fcale, from fcj'lan, 'to divide, 
 separate;' (G.) Schale, ' shell, peel ;' schalen, 
 'to shell, to peel.' Squama, Lcpis, (F.) Escaille, 
 Ecaille. An opake and thickened lamina of 
 cuticle; commonly produced by some degree of 
 
SCALENE 
 
 773 
 
 SCAPHOID 
 
 inflammation of tlie true skiu, over which it is 
 formed. 
 
 Scale, Dry, Psoriasis. 
 
 SCALENE ANTERIEUR, Scalenus anticus 
 — g. Post&riew, Scalenus posticus. 
 
 SCALE'NUS, 'irregular or unequal.' Geo- 
 meters employ this word to designate a triangle 
 whose three sides are unequal. Anatomists have 
 given the name to two muscles. 1. Scalenus 
 Anti'cus, Portion of the Costo-trachelian (Ch.), 
 (F.) Scalene anterieur, is situate at the internal 
 and inferior parts of the neck. It is long and 
 triangular ; and is inserted, below, at the upper 
 surface of the first rib; and, above, at the ante- 
 rior tubercle of the transverse processes of the 
 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebras. This 
 muscle bends the neck, and draws it to its side. 
 It can also raise the first rib. 2. Scalenus Pos- 
 Tl'cus, (F.) Scalene posterienr, Portion of the 
 Oosto-trachelian (Ch.), is situate behind the last. 
 It is, also, long and triangular ; but more bulky 
 than the S. anticus. It is attached, below, to the 
 outer surface of the first two ribs ; and terminates, 
 above, at the summit of the transverse processes 
 of the last six vertebra of the neck. This mus- 
 cle bends the neck laterallj', and can elevate the 
 first two ribs. Some anatomists, as Albinus and 
 Sommering, have described five scaleni muscles 
 on each side, and have called them Scalenus prior, 
 S. min'imus, S. latera'lis, S. me'dius, S.posti'ciis. 
 Riolan and Chaussier only describe one scalenus 
 muscle on each side. Cowper and Douglas, and 
 the generality of the English anatomists, admit 
 three, >S'. anti'cus, me'dius, und posti'cus ; or, ^Jr^- 
 mus, seeuu'dus, and ter'tius ; Winslow, Boyer, and 
 many of the French anatomists, — two, as above 
 described. 
 
 SCALING — same etymon as Scale — in dentis- 
 try, is an operation, wliich consists in removing 
 the tartar from the teeth. 
 
 SCALL, Impetigo — s. Asbestos, see Eczema of 
 the hairy scalp — s. Dry, Psoriasis — s. Honey- 
 comb, Porrigo favosa — s. Milky, Porrigo larvalis 
 — s. Running, Impetigo — s. Ptunning, Eczema — 
 S. Washerwoman's, Psoriasis difl'usa.. 
 
 SCALLED HEAD, Porrigo scutulata. . 
 
 SCALP, Teut. S c h e 1 p e , ' a shell.' The in- 
 teguments covering the head. The hairy scalp 
 is called, also, Capillit"ium, Tricho'ton, (F.) Che- 
 velnre. 
 
 SCALPEL, Scalpel' lum, Scalpel'lus, Culter, 
 Inciso'rium, Smi'leon; from sealpo, 'I rasp, I 
 cut.' A cutting instrument, formed of a blade 
 of well-tempered steel, very sharp, of variable 
 shape and size, and fixed solidly in a handle. Its 
 use is to divide the soft parts in operations, dis- 
 section, <fee. 
 
 SCALPELLUM, Scalpel— s. Lentieulare, Pha- 
 copis. 
 
 SCALPELLUS, Bisfouri, Scalpel. 
 
 SCALPEUM, Bistouri. 
 
 SCALPPtUM, Raspatorium — s. Chirurgicum, 
 Lancet. 
 
 Scalpruji Denta'riujt, Lima denta'ria, A 
 tooth-file. A file used by the dentist. 
 
 Scalprum Pi,ASORiujr, Raspatorium. 
 
 SCALY, Squamous. 
 
 Scaly Diseases or SquaMjE, Lepido'ses, form 
 the second order in Willan and Bateman's system 
 of cutaneous diseases. 
 
 SCAMMA, Fossa. 
 
 SCA3I3I0NEE B'ALEP, Convolvulus seam- 
 monia. 
 
 SCAMMONIUM, see Convolvulus seammonia 
 ■^s. Syriacum, Convolvulus seammonia. 
 
 SCAMMONY, Convolvulus seammonia — s. of 
 Montpellier, Cynanchum Monspeliacum. 
 
 SCAMN0X HIPPOC'RATIS, Bath-on Hippo, 
 cruti'on of Galen, (F.) Banc d'Hippocrate. A 
 machine invented by Hippocrates for reducing 
 fractures. It was a sort of bed, six feet long, on 
 which the patient was fixed. Straps were at- 
 tached above and below the fracture or luxation, 
 and extension and counter-extension were effected 
 by a winch. It is described in Galen, Oribasius, 
 Scultetus, &o. See Bathron. 
 
 SCANDIX, S. cerefolium. 
 
 ScANDix BuLBOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocas- 
 tanum. 
 
 ScANDix Cerefo'lium, Scandia; Scandt/x, 
 Pecten Ven'eris, Cerefolium, Baucus Seprin'ius, 
 Chmrophyl'lum, Ch. Sati'vum seu Cerefo'lium, 
 Anthris'cus cerefolium, Chmrefo'lium, Chervil, 
 (F.) Cerfeuil. Family, UmbelliferEe. Sex. Syat. 
 Pentandria Digynia. A culinary herb, which is 
 slightly aromatic and grateful. It is said to be 
 gently aperient and diuretic. 
 
 ScANDix Odora'ta, Sweet Cic"ely. Properties 
 the same as the other. Also, ChEerophyllum 
 odoratum. 
 
 SCANDULARIUS MUSCULUS, Parathenar, 
 Transversus pedis. 
 
 SCANDYX, Scandix cerefolium. 
 
 SC APHA, Scaphus, ' a skiff or cock-boat,' from 
 oKa-RTiii, 'I make hollow.' The excavation or 
 cavity of the external ear, between the helix and 
 anthelix. The meatus auditorius externus. The 
 rima vulvffi. Also the name of a bandage for the 
 head, mentioned by Galen, and called, "likewise, 
 Tholus Biocle'ns. 
 
 SCAPHIA, Nates. 
 
 SCAPHION, Cranium, Papaver (Capsule). 
 
 SCA'PHIUM OCULA'RE, Pelvis Ocula'ris, 
 Eye-glass, (P.) Bassin oculaire. Condole oculaire, 
 (Eilliere. A small porcelain, glass or metallic 
 vessel, used for applying lotions to the eye. 
 
 SCAPHO - CARPO - SUPER- PHALANGEUS 
 POLLICIS, Abductor pollieis brevis. 
 
 SCAPHOID, Scaphoi'des, from <TKa(f>v, 'a skiff,' 
 and £(<5oj, ' form.' A name given to several parts. 
 
 Scaphoid Fossa, Fossa Scaphoi'des, (F.) En- 
 foncement Scapho'ide. A small cavity at the 
 upper part of the internal ala of the pterygoid 
 process, in which the peristaphylinus internus is 
 attached. 
 
 Scaphoid Bone of the Hand, 0? Scaphoides 
 Mantis, Os navictda're, Os cymhifor'me. Boat-like 
 lone, (F.) Scapho'ide de la main. The first bone 
 of the first row of the carpus. The upper sur- 
 face is convex, and articulated with the radius. 
 The under and outer surfaces are also convex, — 
 to be articulated with the trapezium and trape- 
 zoides. Between the upper and under cartilagi- 
 nous surfaces there is a rough fossa for the inser- 
 tion of the capsular ligament. The anterior and 
 inner surface has an oval cavity, where it is arti- 
 culated with the OS magnum, which gives namo 
 to the bone. There is a, process on the outer end 
 of the bone, for the attachment of part of the an- 
 terior transverse ligament of the wrist. 
 
 Scaphoid Bone of the Foot, Os Scaphoides 
 Pedis, Os vavieula're, Os cymhifor'me, Boat-likt, 
 hone, (F.) Scapho'ide du Pied. This bone is si- 
 tuate at the forepart of the astragalus and inner 
 part of the foot. The posterior surface forms a 
 cavity, somewhat like that of a boat, for receiving 
 the head of the astragalus. There is a promi- 
 nence at the inner side of the bone, for the inser- 
 tion of tendons, muscles, and strong ligaments. 
 The forepart of the bone is convex, and divided 
 into three articular surfaces for articulation with 
 the ossa cuneiformia. Between the os naviculare 
 and astragalus, the foot has its principal lateral 
 and rotary motions ; although each of the orhef 
 
SCAPHOIDE 
 
 in 
 
 SCAELATINA 
 
 joints of the tarsus contribntes a little. Part of 
 the tibialis posticus is inserted into it. 
 
 SOAPHOlDE BE LA MAIN, Os seaphoides 
 manHs — s. du Pied. Os seaphoides pedis. 
 
 SCAPHOiDO-ASTRAG'ALAN, Seaphoido- 
 astragala'nus. That which relates to the sca- 
 phoid bone and astragalus. The articulation of 
 these bones is so called; and the ligament which 
 strengthens it is termed the Scaphoido-astragalan 
 ligament. 
 
 SCAPHOIDO-CUBOID, Scaphoido-cuboidce'- 
 1IS. That which relates to the scaphoid and cu- 
 boid bones. The articulation of those bones is 
 80 called. 
 
 SCAPHULA, Navicularis fossa. 
 
 SCAPHUS, Auditory canal, external, Ptima 
 vulvas, Scapha. 
 
 SCAP'ULA, Scap'ulum, Plata, Omopla'ta, Ho- 
 rnop>lata, Scop>'txda, Epino'tion, Latitn'do hu'meri, 
 Omop'late, Os latum hu'meri, Scutum tTiora'cis 
 seu cordis, Spath'ula, Pteryg'ium, Chelo'nium, 
 Spat'ula; the Blade-hone, the Shoulder-blade, 
 (F.) Omoplate. An irregular, broad, flat bone, 
 of a triangular shape, situate at the posterior part 
 of the shoulder. It has, 1. A posterior or dorsal 
 surface or Dorsum, Testu'do seap'ula, divided 
 transversely into two parts, by a triangular pro- 
 cess, called Spine of the Scapula; which termi- 
 nates by a considerable eminence, called Acro- 
 mion. Above the spine, is the Fossa supira-spi- 
 nata ; below it, the P. infra-spinata. 2. An an- 
 terior or costal surface, or venter, forming the 
 Fossa subscapularis. 3. A supjerior or cervical 
 edge, which is thin, and terminates, anteriorly, by 
 a strong, curved apophysis, called the coracoid 
 process. 4. A posterior or vertebral edge, called, 
 also, the base. 5. An outer or axillari/ or infe- 
 rior edge, having a thick, truncated angle, in 
 which is the glenoid cavity. AVith this is articu- 
 lated the head of the humerus. The glenoid 
 cavity is separated from the body of the bone by 
 a narrower part, called the cervix or neck. The 
 edges or margins are, also, called costcB. The 
 scapula has three angles — an inferior, superior, 
 and anterior. 
 
 Scapula, Humerus. 
 
 ScAPULJE Nasi, Partes latera'les nasi. The 
 lateral parts of the nose. 
 
 SCAPULAL'GIA,- from scapula, 'the shoul- 
 der-blade,' and a^yos, 'pain.' Arthralgia of the 
 shoulder-joint. 
 
 SCAP'ULAR, Scap'xdary, Scapula' ris, from 
 scapula, ' the shoulder-blade.' That which re- 
 lates or belongs to the scapula. 
 
 Scapular Aponeuro'sis. A broad, thin apo- 
 neurosis, with decussating fibres ; which is at- 
 tached, above, to the spine of the scapula; below, 
 to a crest between the teres major and infra-spi- 
 natus; within, to the spinal edge of the scapula; 
 and which, at its middle, unites with the thin 
 aponeurosis that covers a part of the external 
 surface of the deltoid. 
 
 Scapular Arteries. These are several. 
 n. The Superior scapular. Superficial scapular 
 of Sommering, Dorsa'lis scapulcB superior, Trans- 
 versa'lis scapula, T. Hu'meri. This arises from 
 the subclavian ; and often from the inferior thy- 
 roid, or from a trunk common to it and the ^;os- 
 terior scapular or transverse scapular or cervical. 
 It passes behind the clavicle, above the superior 
 I'.dge of the scapula, and buries itself between the 
 dorsal surface of that bone and the muscles in- 
 serted into it. b. The inferior scapular or com- 
 mon scapular or internal scapular or subscapular 
 tirtety, A. Thorac"ica axilla'ris vel ala'ris, is of 
 considerable size. It arises from the inferior part 
 of the axillary artery, behind the brachial plexus 
 - -gives ofi severa' branches to the armpit, and 
 
 divides into two branches : — the one, Scapula' rig 
 interna, and the smaller of the two, is distribu- 
 ted, almost entirely, to the serratus major anli- 
 cus, and latissimus dorsi ; the other, the larger 
 of the two, the Dorsa'lis Scapt'ulce inferior vel 
 Circumflex' a Scapulu'ris, which distributes its 
 branches to the subscapular and supra-spinal, 
 and infra-spinal regions. 
 
 Scapular Notch, see Notch, scapular. 
 Scapular Veins follow the same course as the 
 arteries, which thev accompany. 
 SCAPULARE, .Scapulary. 
 
 SCAP'ULARY, Scapula're, Fascia Scopula'- 
 ris, from scapula. A broad, linen bandage, divi- 
 ded into two tails for three quarters of its length, 
 the undivided extremity of which is attached to 
 the posterior and middle part of a bandage car- 
 ried round the body; the tails passing over the 
 shoulders; and being attached to the anterior 
 part of the body bandage, to prevent it from 
 slipping down. 
 
 SCAP'ULO-IIU'MERAL. An epithet given 
 to the shoulder-joint. It is an orbicular articula- 
 tion, resulting from the reception of the head of 
 the humerus into the glenoid cavity of the sca- 
 pula. To keep the bones in connexion, there 
 are : 1. A very strong, conoidal capsular liga- 
 ment; passing from the circumference of the gle- 
 noid cavity around the neck of the humerus. 2. 
 A fibro-cartilaginous ring, called the glenoid liga- 
 ment, and a synovial capsule. 
 
 SCAPUL0-HU3IFRAL, Teres major— «.^»- 
 mero-oleeranien, Triceps extensor cubiti — s. Hy- 
 o'idien, Omohyoideus — s. Radial, Biceps flexor 
 cubiti — s. Trochiterien, qrand, Infra-spinatus. 
 
 SCAPUS, Penis, see JSair. 
 
 SCAR, Cicatrix. 
 
 Scar, Seam. To mark with a cicatrix or 
 seam. 
 
 SCARABiEO'LUS HEMISPH^RICUS, Coc- 
 cus cacti. 
 
 SCAR'BOROUGH, MINERAL "WATERS OF. 
 Scarborough Spa. A celebrated English chaly- 
 beate, at Scarborough, in Yorkshire. One of the 
 springs is a simple, carbonated chalybeate, like 
 that of Tunbridge : the other has an admixture 
 of purging salt. Scarborough, having the addi- 
 tional advantage of sea-bathing, is much fre- 
 quented by invalids. 
 
 SCARDAMYG'MUS, Scardamyx'is, (F.) dig- 
 nernent, from aKapia/jivaauv, 'to wink.' Winking, 
 nictation. 
 
 SCARIFICA'TION, Scarifca' tio (Galen,) 
 Amyx'is, Schasis, Catacas'mus, Catachas'mus, 
 Amyg'mus, Schasmus, Encharax'is, from oKapKpaO' 
 jxai, ' to make a slight scratch.' The act of sca- 
 rifj'ing. Also, a small incision, Am'yche, made 
 into the skin with a lancet, bistoury, or scarifica- 
 tor, for different therapeutical purposes, — as to 
 draw blood, or to discharge some efi'used fluid. 
 When the scarifications are very superficial, and 
 do not go farther than the skin, they are termed 
 by the French, Mouchetures. 
 
 SCARIFICA'TOR, Scarificato'rium, Schaste'- 
 rium. An instrument for making scarifications. 
 It consists of a small brass box, of a cubical 
 shape, in which 10 or 12 lancet points turn upon 
 a common pivot. By means of a spring, all these 
 blades can be made to issue at once, and make 
 as manv scarifications. 
 
 SCARIFICATORIUM, Scarificator. 
 
 SCARIOLA, Cichorium endivia, Lactuca sca- 
 riola. 
 
 SCARIOLE, Cichorium endivia. 
 
 SCARLATA, Scarlatina. 
 
 SCARLATI'NA, from scarlatto (I.), 'a deep 
 red.' Scarlatn, Enanihe'sis Rosa'lia, Rosa'lia, 
 lioasa'lia, R. squamo'sa, Rosa'licB, Rube'ola, of 
 
SCARLATINOUS 
 
 r75 
 
 SCHIZATPtlCHIA 
 
 gome, Morhil'li ig'nei, M. confluen'tei, Morhna 
 scarlaihw'sus, Febris scarlatina' sa, Gut'Utris mor- 
 hns epidem'icus Forest'i, Pur'pura, Typhus scar- 
 lati'nus, Febris rubra, Scarlet Fever, Jiash-fever, 
 Porphyris'mus, Porphyrin' ma, (F.) Fievre range, 
 F. pourpree. The characteristic symptoms of 
 scarlatina are : — a scarlet flush, appearing about 
 the second day of fever on the face, neek, and 
 fauces ; and progressively spreading over the 
 body; terminating about the 7th day. Two great 
 varieties may be reckoned; — the S. simplex, S. 
 febris, S. beniij'na, S. sine angi'nd, in which the 
 fever is moderate and terminates with the efflo- 
 rescence ; prostration of strength being trifling, 
 and the contagious property slight; — and the /S. 
 Angino'sa, S. Paristhmit'ica, S. Cynanch'ica, S. 
 mit"ior, in which the fever is severe ; the throat 
 ulcerated; the eruption later in its appearance, 
 and less extensive ; often changing to a livid 
 hue; the fever being highly contagious. Scarla- 
 ti'na malig'na, S. gra'vior, has been reckoned a 
 variety of this, in its worst degree. It agrees 
 ■with the Cynancho maligna of Cullen. 
 
 Scarlatina belongs to the 3/aJor exanthemata, 
 and is a disease, chiefly, of children. The eruption 
 differs from that of measles.in being an efflorescence 
 not raised above the cuticle. Measles, too, is at- 
 tended with catarrhal symptoms, whilst the com- 
 plication, in scarlatina, is cynanche. The treat- 
 ment of simple scarlatina need not be much. It 
 must be antiphlogistic. If the throat be very 
 much ulcerated, acid gargles and counter-irri- 
 tants must be employed ; and if the affection be- 
 come manifestly typhoid, and the sore throat of 
 a malignant character, the case must be treated 
 like typhus gravior ; with antiseptic gargles of 
 bark, acid, &c. Anasarca sometimes supervenes 
 on scarlatina, and requires attention Purgatives 
 are here demanded as well as the use of sorbefa- 
 cients, such as mercury and squill, &c. 
 
 ScARLATis"A Angisosa, See Scarlatina — s. Be- 
 nigna, see Scarlatina — s. Cynanchica, see Scar- 
 latina — s. Febris, see Scarlatina — s. Gravior, see 
 Scarlatina — s. Miliaris, Rubeola — s. Mitior, see 
 Scarlatina — s. Paristhmitica, see Scarlatina — s. 
 Pustulosa, Rubeola — s. Rheumatica, Dengue — 
 s. sine Angina, see Scarlatina — s. Urticata, Urti- 
 caria. 
 
 SCARLATI'NOUS, Searlati'nal, Scarlatino'- 
 SMS. Relating or appertaining to scarlatina. 
 
 SCARLET BERRY, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 SCARLET FEVER, Scarlatina. 
 
 SCATACRASIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 SCATACRATIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 SCELAL'GIA, from ckz^oi;, 'the leg,' and 
 cXyof, 'pain.' Pain of the leg. 
 
 vScELALGiA Antica, Neuralgia femoro-pretibi- 
 alis — s. Postica, Neuralgia femoro-poplitea — s. 
 Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 SCELETEU'SIS. Mummification. Also, the 
 mode of making a skeleton, Skeletopoe'a, Syn- 
 
 SCELETOLOGIA, Skeletology, 
 
 SCELETON, Skeleton. 
 
 SCELETOPCEA, Sceleteusis. 
 
 SCELETUM, Skeleton— s. Artificiale, see Ske- 
 leton — s. Naturale, see Skeleton. 
 
 SCELONCUS, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 SCELORPiHEU'MA, Pheumatis'mus cruris, 
 from (jKsXos, ' the leg,' and gevfia, ' deflusion, 
 rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the leg. 
 
 SCELOS, Leg. 
 
 SCELOTYRBE, Chorea, Porphyra natitica — 
 s. Febrilis, see Subsultus tendinum — s. Festinans, 
 Paralvsis agitans — s. Tarantismus, Chorea. 
 
 SCEPAliNON, Amnios, Aseia. 
 
 SCEPASTERIUM, Couvreche/. 
 
 SCEPASTRUM, Couvrechcf. 
 
 SCEPTRUM, Penis. 
 
 SCHASIS. Scarification. 
 
 SCHASMUS, Scarification. 
 
 SCHASTERION, Fleam, Lancet, Scarificator. 
 
 SCIIEBA ARABUM, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 SCHERBET', Sherbet', Serbet', Tscherbet', Sor- 
 be'thum, Sorhct'tum, Sorbe'ium. A drink prepared 
 by the Turks, Persians, &c., with sugar and the 
 juice of acid fruits. 
 
 SCHERLIEVO, Mai di Scherlievo, Mai di 
 Breno, Mai di Fiume, Margaretizza, Morbus Cro- 
 atus, Frambce.'sia Plyr'ica, 31. fluminien'sis, Fal- 
 eadina, Malo di Scarlievo, Scabies venerea con- 
 tagio'sa. A name given to a particular form of 
 syphilis, observed in Illyria. It is said to be 
 capable of being communicated without imme- 
 diate contact; and, that its principal symptoms 
 are:- — pains in the bbnes, ulceration of the fauces, 
 pustules, and fungous growths in different parts 
 of the bodv. 
 
 SCHERO'MA. A dryness of the eye from the 
 want of lachrymal secretion. — Dictionaries. 
 
 SCHIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea. 
 
 SCHIDAKE'DON, Schidace'dum, Schindace'- 
 dum, Schindal'amua, Schindal'mus, from o-ki^uj, 
 ' I cleave.' A longitudinal fracture of a bone. — 
 Galen. 
 
 SCIIINDACEDUM, Schidakedon. 
 
 SCHINDALAMUS, Schidakedon,Schindylesi3. 
 
 SCHINDALESIS, Schindylesis. 
 
 SCHINDALMUS, Schidakedon, Schindylesis. 
 
 SCHINDYLE'SIS, Schindale'sis, Schindal'a- 
 7)1118, Schindal'mus. An articulation of bones — 
 by furrowing, as it were; as in that of the vomer, 
 which constitutes, in part, the septum narium. 
 Also, the act of splitting into small pieces; from 
 e-x^ivSv'Xeit), '1 split into small pieces. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 SCHINEL^'ON, from trxtvoj, 'the mastic 
 tree,' and tXaiov, 'oil;' Oleum lentis' cimim,. Oil 
 of mastic. — Dioseorides. 
 
 SCHINOCEPHALUS, Scillocephalus. 
 
 SCHINOS, Scilla. 
 
 SCHINZNACH or HAPSBURG, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. These springs are situate three 
 leagues from Baden, and are amongst the most 
 celebrated bathing-places in Switzerland. The 
 waters are of the saline sulphurous kind; and 
 have a high reputation in cutaneous and rheu- 
 matic affections, visceral obstructions, and glan- 
 dular enlargements. They contain sulphate of 
 lime, sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, chlo- 
 ride of magnesium, sulphate of magnesia, sul- 
 phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, and oxide of 
 iron ; sulphohydric acid, and carbonic acid gases. 
 
 SCHISMA,' Fissure, Rima. 
 
 SCHISTOCEPH'ALUS, from .r^KTrof, 'cleft, 
 separated,' and K£(pa\Tj, 'head.' A monster having 
 some part of the head cleft or fissured. — Gurlt. 
 
 SCHISTOCOR'MUS, from axc(rros, 'cleft, sepa- 
 rated,' and Kopfxos, 'trunk.' A monster having 
 some part of the trunk cleft or fissured. — Gurlt. 
 
 SCHISTOJiI'ELUS, from cxi<^-os, 'cleft, sepa- 
 rated, and licXo;, 'a limb.' A monster whoso 
 limbs are fissured. 
 
 SCHISTORRHACHIS, Hydrorachis. 
 
 SCHISTOSO'MUS, from (rxicro;, 'cleft,' ana 
 cwna, ' body.' A malformation of the abdomen, 
 in which the fissure and eventration extend over 
 the entire length of the abdomen ; the lower ex 
 tremities being al)sent, or very little developed, 
 so that the body appears as if truncated infe- 
 riorly. — Vogel. 
 
 SCniZA,'Rima, Rima vulvas. 
 
 SCIIIZATRICH'IA. Trichoa'cMsia, ScJiiso- 
 
SCHLANGENBAD 
 
 (76 
 
 SCINCUS 
 
 trich'ia, from (rx^^a, ' a eleffc,' ' a split,' and Opi^, 
 ' a hair.' The splitting of the hairs at their ex- 
 tremities. — J. P. Frank. 
 
 SCHLANGENBAD, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Schlangenbad is a much-frequented water- 
 ing-place in Germany. The waters contain a 
 little carbonic acid, and carbonate of soda. Tem- 
 perature 86° Fahrenheit. 
 
 SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE, Pituitarj' 
 membrane. 
 
 SCHCENANTHUS, Juncus odoratus. 
 
 SCHOLA, School. 
 
 SCHOLLERA OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium oxy- 
 eoccos. 
 
 ^SCHOOL, ^cAoZa. A place of education. (F.) 
 Ikole. In Europe the large Medical Schools are 
 usually attached to the universities. In England, 
 however, there has been np medical school of 
 celebrity at either of the universities of Oxford 
 or Cambridge ; owing greatly to their provincial 
 situation. Of late, two schools have existed in 
 London, attached to the London University — 
 University College and King's College. Excel- 
 lent private schools have, however, long existed 
 in that metropolis. The medical schools of Eu- 
 rope which have been most celebrated, are those 
 of Edinburgh, Leyden, Berlin, Halle, Tubingen, 
 Paris, Montpellier, Bologna, Padua, Pavia, and 
 Pisa. In the United States, the medical schools 
 are numerous ,• at this time not fewer than 30 or 
 40. Those most numerously attended, are the 
 medical department of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, Jeiferson Medical College of Philadel- 
 phia, the University of the City of New York, 
 and the Louisville Medical Institute. 
 
 SCIIOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. The waters of this New Jersey 
 Spring are chalybeate. According to Dr. McNe- 
 viu, they contain extractive, chloride of sodium, 
 chloride of calcium, chloride of magnesium, car- 
 bonate of lime, sulphate of lime, carbonate of 
 mao-nesia, silex, and carbonate, and oxide of iron. 
 
 SCHORBUTUS, Purpura. 
 
 SCHOUSB^A COCCINEA, Cacoucia cocci- 
 nea. 
 
 SCHWALBACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Schwalbach is a town of, Germany, seated on the 
 Aa, 32 miles west of Frankfort. The waters con- 
 tain chloride of sodium, carbonates of lime and 
 magnesia, iron, sulphate of lime, carbonic acid, 
 oxygen, &c. Employed as a tonic. 
 
 SCHWANN, WHITE SUBSTANCE OF, see 
 Substance, white, of Schwann. 
 ^ SCHWENDECK, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters are about 5 leagues from Miinich, 
 in Bavaria. They contain carbonic acid; carbo- 
 nate and sulphate of lime, chloride of calcium; 
 chloride of magnesium; carbonate of soda, and 
 oxide of iron, and are much used for cutaneous 
 Sififections. 
 
 SCIAT'IC, Tschiat'ic, Ischiat'icits, Sciat'icns, 
 from laxiov, 'the haunch.' A word formed by 
 contraction from ischiatic, which latter is still 
 used. See Ischiatic. 
 
 Sciatic Nerve, Great, Nervna i.icJu'ad'icns, 
 Great fem'oro-popli'te'al, (Ch.) (F.) Grand nerf 
 sclatiqiie, ought to be esteemed a continuation of 
 the sacral plexus. It issues from the pelvis be- 
 tween the pyramidalis and superior gemellus ; 
 descends along the posterior part of the thigh; 
 and after having given branches to the gemini, 
 quadi-atus, obturator externus, glutieus maximus, 
 semi-membranosus, semi-tendinosus, biceps and 
 ttiird abductor muscles, it divides, about the in- 
 ferior third of the thigh, into two branches; the 
 one, named the external jjopliteal ; the other, the 
 internal. 
 
 Sciatic Nerve, Lesser, Inferior glu'teal 
 branch of the sacral plexus, Leaser fern' oro-pjojAi- 
 te'al nerve, (Ch.) (F.) Nerf petit sciatiqtie, which 
 seems especially formed by the 2d and 3d sacral, 
 is given off from the lower part of the plexus, and 
 escapes from the pelvis beneath the pyramidalis 
 muscle. It gives branches — nervi cuta'nei clu'- 
 nium inferio'res — to the glutasus maximus; a 
 sciatic branch or infra-pelric eiitaneona or peri- 
 neal cutaneoua, Pudenda' lis longua infe'rior, which 
 passes under the tuberosity of the ischium, and 
 furnishes filaments to the glutseus maximus, and 
 to the muscles of the perinasum, urethra, penis, 
 scrotum, &c. ; and a posterior femoral cutaneoua 
 branch — middle jyosterior cutaneous nerve — the 
 filaments of which traverse the femoral aponeu- 
 rosis, to be distributed on the skin of the poste- 
 rior part of the thigh. The principal branch of 
 the lesser sciatic nerve divides, near the ham, 
 into two or three filaments, which descend under 
 the integuments almost as far as the inferior part 
 of the leg. 
 
 Sciatic Notch, Great, Sciatic Fora'men, In- 
 ciau'ra ischiad'ica major, (F.) Grande eckancrure 
 sciatique ou grand trou sciatique, is a large notch 
 at the posterior edge of each os innominatum, 
 below the posterior and inferior iliac spine, which 
 is converted into a foramen by the sacrum and 
 sacro-sciatic ligaments. The lesser sciatic notch, 
 Incisu'ra ischiad'ica minor, Luna Albi'ni, (F.) 
 Petite echancrure isehiatiqne, is much smaller 
 than the last, from which it is separated by the 
 sciatic spine. It gives passage to the tendon of 
 the obturator internus, and to the internal pudic 
 vessels and nerves. 
 
 Sciatic Region, Ischiadic region. 
 Sciatic Spine, Spine of the Ischium, <S);n(0!'a 
 Proc"ess of the Ischium, is a short, flat, pyramidal 
 eminence on the os innominatum, above the pre- 
 ceding foramen ; which gives insertion to the 
 lesser sacro-sciatic ligament. 
 
 SCIATICA, Neuralgia femoro-poplitiiea. 
 SO [A TIQ UE, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaja. - 
 SGIE, Saw. 
 
 SCIENTIA HERMETICA, Alchymy— s. Me- 
 dendi, Medicina — s. Medica, Medieina. 
 
 SCIERO'PIA, from cKuoog, 'shady,' and ui^, 
 'the eye.' A defect of vision, in which all ob- 
 jects have a darker hue than natural. 
 
 SCILLA, Scilla viarit'ima, Sci/lla, Ascliil, 
 Schinos, Oc'ulus Typ)ho'nis, Ornithorj'alum ma- 
 rit'irnnm seu squil'la, Stella'ris scilla, Sqiiilla, 
 Squill or sea onion, Eye of Typilion, (F.) Ognon 
 marin. Faniili/, Liliacete. Sex. Si/st. Hexandria 
 Monogynia. Native of Spain, Austria, &c. The 
 bulb or root of the squill has a bitter, nauseous 
 taste, and is extremely acrid; inflaming the skin 
 when rubbed on it. Its acrimony, on which its 
 virtues depend, is destroyed by heat, drying, and 
 keeping. It is extracted by vinegar, spirit, and 
 water. In large doses, squill is emetic and pur- 
 gative; in small doses, diuretic and expectorant. 
 Its active principle has been called sciUitinc. 
 Dose, gr. j to v of the dried root, united or not 
 with metcury. 
 
 Scilla Esculen'ta, Phalan'gium e-iculen'tum, . 
 Eastern Qiianiaah, Viild Hy'acinth; indigenous; 
 flowering in May. An article of diet amongst 
 the Western Indians. It is made into bread and 
 poultices for inflamed breasts. 
 
 SCILLOCEPK'ALUS, Schinoceph'alna, from 
 crKtWa, 'a bulbous-rooted plant, the squill,' and 
 Ktipa\ii> 'head.' One who has a large bulbiform 
 head. 
 
 SCINCUS, (TKiyKos or cKiyyo;. A species of 
 Sauriis or Lacer'ta, common in Egypt, and much 
 extolled by the ancients, as alexipharmic and 
 a^jhrodisiae. 
 
SCINTILLA 
 
 777 
 
 SCLEROTICOXYXIS 
 
 SCINTIL'LA VEN'ERIS, 'a relic of Venus.' 
 A name given, by Paracelsus, to the impotence 
 and loss of power in the limbs, produced by 
 syphilis. 
 
 S CI M ' A C H Y, Shioma'cMa, Sldamachia ; 
 from cKia, ' a shade,' and iia^rj, 'a fight.' An 
 exercise with the ancients, which consisted in a 
 mock encounter at boxing and jumping with 
 one's own shadow. 
 
 SO [BE HE, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS, see Scleriasis. 
 
 SCIRRHOCELE, Oreheocele scirrhosa. 
 
 SCIRRHOGAS'TRTA, (F.) Squirrogastrie ; 
 Scirrhus ventric'uli ; from cKi^pos, 'hard,' and 
 yaarrig, ' stomach.' Scirrhus of the stomach. 
 
 SCIR'RHOID, ScirrlwVdes, Scirrho'des, from 
 aKippa;, 'scirrhus,' and iiio;, 'resemblance. Re- 
 sembling scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOMA, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOPHTH AL' MIA, Scirrlwplithal'mus, 
 from aKigpog, 'scirrhus,' and o^S-aXfjos, 'the eye,' 
 Cancer oc'uli. Cancer of the eye. 
 
 SCIURHOPHTHALJIIA PALPEBRARUM, SCO Scle- 
 
 riasis. 
 
 SCIRRHOSARCA NEONATORUM, Indura- 
 tion of the cellular tissue. 
 
 SCIRRHOSIS, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOUS, Scirrho'sus/ same etymon as 
 scirrhus. Of or belonging to scirrhus. 
 
 Scirrhous Sarco'ma op Ab'ernetht, Em- 
 pliy'ma sarco'ma scirrho'sum. Hard, rigid, vas- 
 cular infarction of glandular follicles ; indolent, 
 insentient, glabrous; sometimes shrinking and 
 becoming more indurated. Found in glandulous 
 structures. 
 
 SCIRRHUS, Squirrhus, Seirrho'ma, Scirrho'- 
 fis, Cancer scirrho'sus, Carcino'ma simplex, C. 
 fiiro'sum, Indura'tio malig'na, Schirrus, Sclerus, 
 Carcinom'atous sarco'ma. Hard cancer, Fibrous 
 cancer; from axtppog, 'hard,' 'indurated;' (F.) 
 Squirre, Sehirre, Skirre. A disease, so called 
 from the hardness that characterizes it. It is a 
 state of induration, of a peculiar kind, afi"eeting 
 glandular structures generally, but capable of 
 occurring in other textures. It usually precedes 
 carcinoma, of which it may, indeed, be considered 
 as the first stage. Scirrhus must not be con- 
 founded with the induration which succeeds in- 
 flammation, although the two states are often 
 complicated, and may stand, occasionally, in the 
 relation of cause and effect to each other. Scir- 
 rhus is ordinarily accompanied by violent shoot- 
 ing pains. It is also irregular on its surface ; 
 and when cut into has a bluish or grayish white 
 colour. When the surgeon is satisfied of the ex- 
 istence of scirrhus, he had better remove it at 
 once. No other treatment seems to possess much 
 advantage. 
 
 Galen uses the term Scirrho'sis for a livid ex- 
 crescence caused by inflammation. 
 
 Scirrhus et Carcinoma Ventriculi, see Gas- 
 trostenosis cardiaea et pylorica — s. Hepatis, He- 
 patoscirrhus — s. Intestinorum, Enteropathia can- 
 cerosa — s. Palpebrarum, see Scleriasis — s. Tes- 
 ticuli, Sarcocele — s. Uteri, Metroscu-rhus — s. 
 Ventrieuli, Gastroseirrhus. 
 
 SCISSrPARITE, see Generation. 
 
 SCISSORS, For/ex, Forpex, Psalis, Tomis, 
 (F.) Ciseaux. A well-known instrument in com- 
 mon use, and often employed in surgery. Scis- 
 sors are composed of two cutting blades, crossing- 
 each other and moving upon an axis. They are 
 straight or curved. Sometimes the curve is on 
 the flat side, when they are called, in France, 
 Ciseaux d cuiller ; at others, on their edges. 
 The scissors, bent so that the blades make an 
 
 obtuse angle with the handles, are also mucli 
 used. They are called in France Ciseaux coudes. 
 Scissors are used for dividing soft, loose, isola- 
 ted parts, which it would be difiicult to reach and 
 to cut with the bistoury. They are employed, 
 likewise, in the operation for harelip, and for re- 
 moving warts, fungous excrescences, <fec. 
 
 SCISSURA, Fissure — s. Vulvse, see Eima. 
 
 SCISSUR^, Rhagades. 
 
 SCISSURE DE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid—* 
 s. Grand mediane da Cervelet, Valley — s. de Sati- 
 torini, Santoriui, fissure of. 
 
 SCLAREA, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 SCLEREMA, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 SCLERE2IE, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 SCLEREMIA, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 SCLEREMUS, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 SCLERENCEPIIA'LIA, Indura'tio cer'ebri, 
 from OKXripog, 'hard,' and cyxeipaXov, 'the brain.' 
 (F.) Endurcissement du cerceau. Induration of 
 the brain. 
 
 SCLERIA, Scleriasis. 
 
 SCLERI'ASIS, Sclero'ma, Sclero'sis, Scle'ria, 
 Sclerijs'mus, Seph'irns, from aKXr/pos, 'hard.' Any 
 kind of hardness or induration. Sometimes hard- 
 ness of the eyelids, Callo'sitas palpehra'rum, Scir- 
 rhohlcpharoit'cus, ScirrhophthaV m ia palpehra'- 
 rum, Scirrhiis palp>chra'rum ; at others, hardness 
 of the genital organs of the female; probably 
 synonymous with scirrhus. — Galen. Paulus. 
 Hardness of bones, Fragil'itas Os'sium. 
 
 SCLERITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 SCLERODERMA, Induration of the cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 SCLERODES, Sclerotic. 
 
 SCLEROMA, Induration of the cellular tissue, 
 Scleriasis. 
 
 SCLEROMENINX, Dura mater. 
 
 SCLERONYXIS, Scleroticonyxis. 
 
 SCLEROPIITHALMIA, Hordeolmn. 
 
 SCLEROS, Hard. 
 
 SCLEROSARCO'MA, from cKlnpog, 'hard,' and 
 aapKwua, ' a fleshy tumour.' A haixl, fleshy tu- 
 mour, seated on the gums, and resembling a 
 cock's comb. 
 
 SCLEROSIS, Induration of the cellular tissue, 
 Scleriasis. 
 
 SCLEROSTENOSIS CUTANEA, Induration 
 of the cellular tissue. 
 
 SCLEROT'IC, Sclerotica, from cKXrjpow, *I 
 harden.' Cornea opa'ca, Sclero'des, Tunica dura 
 sen alhugin'ea seu dn'rior et crass'ior seu ex'tima 
 sen alba seu can'dida seu innomina'ta oc'uli, 
 Sclero'tis, (F.) Sclerotiqne. A hard, resisting, 
 opake membrane, of a pearly white colour and 
 fibrous nature, which covers nearly the posterior 
 four-fifths of the globe of the eye, and has the form 
 of a sphere truncated before. It is strengthened by 
 the expansion of the muscles of the eye, to which 
 expansion many anatomists have given the name 
 Tu'nica albugin'ea. It forms the tchite of the 
 eye, Albu'men, Album oc'idi, Lon'ehades, Loij'- 
 ades, Loeh'ades, Leu'cades. The sclerotic is pe- 
 netrated posteriorly by a round opening, for the 
 passage of the optic nerve; and, anteriorly, it 
 has a much larger opening, into which the trans- 
 parent cornea is received. There are, besides, 
 many small oblong apertures in it for the passage 
 of nerves and vessels, proceeding to the interior 
 of the eye. In the foetus, the sclerotic may bo 
 separated into two very distinct laminas. 
 
 SCLEROTICA CERATOIDES, Cornea. 
 
 SCLEROTICITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 SCLEROTICONYX'IS, Sderonyx'is, Sclerotf* 
 nyx'is, from trxAijpos-, 'hard,' and vv^i<;, 'punctuf 
 
SCLEROTICUS 
 
 778 
 
 SCROFULA 
 
 ing.' Perforation of the sclerotica in the opera- 
 tion for cataract by depression. 
 
 SCLEROTICUS, Indurans. 
 
 SCLEROTIQUE, Sclerotic. 
 
 SCLBROTIS, Sclerotic. 
 
 SCLEROTI'TIS, Injiamma'tio Selerot'iccB, Len- 
 ci'tis, Lonchadi'tis, Logndi'tis, Svleri'tis, Sclero- 
 citi'tis, Rhcumat'ic ophthal'mia, Ophthal' niia ar- 
 thrit'ica, from sclerotica, and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the sclerotic coat 
 of the eye. 
 
 SCLEROTIUM CLAVUS, see Ergot. 
 
 SCLERUNTICUS, Indurans. 
 
 SCLERUS, Induration, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCLERYNTICUS, Indurans. 
 
 SCLERYS'MA, from cK\>]pog, 'hard.' Indura- 
 tion ; also, induration of the liver. 
 
 SCLERYSMUS, Scleriasis. 
 
 SCLIRUS. Scirrhus. 
 
 SCLOPETA'RIUS, from sdopetum, 'a. gun.' 
 Relating to a gun. Hence, Aqua sclopeta'ria, a 
 water for gunshot wounds. Vul'nera sclojyeta'ria, 
 gunshot wounds, &o. 
 
 SCLOPETOPLAG^, Wounds, gunshot. 
 
 SCOBS, Prisma, Xysma, Ramen'tam, Jlasu'ra. 
 A shaving, also, an alkali; and the scoria of any 
 metal. 
 
 SCCENANTHUM, Juneus odoratus. 
 
 SCOLECESIS, Helminthiasis. 
 
 SCOLECIASIS, Helminthirisis. 
 
 SCOLEX, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
 
 SCOLIOMA, Scoliosis. 
 
 SCOLIO'SIS, Scolio'ma, Rhacliio-ncolio'wa, 
 from aKo\iog, ' crooked.' A distortion of the spine 
 to one side. See Ilump. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRA, Asplenium scolopendrium. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRIA, Asplenium ceterach, and 
 A. scolopendrium. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRIUM LINGUA, Asplenium 
 scolopendrium — s. Officinarum, Asplenium sco- 
 lopendrium — s. Phjdlitis, Asplenium scolopen- 
 drium — s. Ruta muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria 
 — s. Vulgare, Asplenium scolopendrium. 
 
 SCOLOPOMACHiE'RION, from cKo\o~a^, 'the 
 woodcock,' and fia'x^aipa, 'a knife;' so called be- 
 cause it is bent a little at the extremity like a 
 woodcock's bill. A sort of blunt-pointed bistoury. 
 — Scultetus. 
 
 SCOLYMUS SATIVUS, Cynara seolymus. 
 
 SCOOP, Teut. Schoepe, CoMca're, (F.) 
 Curette. A surgical instrument of the shape of 
 a spoon, which is used for the extraction of cer- 
 tain foreign bodies. The scoop is often employed 
 to extract balls impacted in the soft parts; to re- 
 move calculi from the urinary bladder in lithoto- 
 my, &c. A small scoop is sometimes used to 
 extract foreign bodies from the meatus auditorius 
 externus, nasal fossse, &o. 
 
 SCOPA REGIA, Ruscus. 
 
 SCOPARIUS, see Spartium scoparium. 
 
 SCOPE, aKOTrri, Scop'ia, Scojios, from aKo-mw, 
 ' I look around.' A common sufiix to words 
 meaning 'view, inspection,' as eranioscqpy, ste- 
 ihoscopy, &e. 
 
 SCOPOLINA ATROPOIDES, Hyoscyamus 
 fcopolia. 
 
 SCOPTULA, Scopula. 
 
 SCOPULA, Brush. 
 
 SCOR, Excrement. 
 
 SCORACRATI'A, Scoracra'sia, Scatacra'sia, 
 Seaiacrati'a, Oopracrati'a, Copracra'sta, Inconti- 
 nen'tia Alvi, from oKwp, 'excrement,' and oKpaaia, 
 'want of control.' Want of power to retain the 
 fsBCi;?. Involuntary evacuation of the faeces. 
 
 tSCORBVT, Porphyra nautica. Purpura ha3- 
 inorrhagic.a — a. des Alpes, Pellagra — «. de Terre, 
 Purpura hajmorrhagica. 
 
 SCORBU'TIC, Scorlu'ticns. That waicli be- 
 longs to scurvy. One affected with scurvy. 
 
 SCORBUTUS, Purpura— s. Alpinus, Pellagra 
 — s. Kauticus, Porphyra nautica — s. Oris, Cancer 
 aquatieus. 
 
 SCORDINEMA, Carebaria, Pandiculation. 
 
 SCORDINISMUS, Carebaria, Pandiculation. 
 
 SCORDIUM, Teucrium scordium. 
 
 SCORDON, Allium. 
 
 SCORITII, Sulphur. 
 
 SCORODON, Allium. 
 
 SCORPIODEX'IS, from cKooTrioi, 'the scor- 
 pion,' and iv^ii, 'bite:' — more properly, Sconpi- 
 ostig'ma ; from cKopmwv, and uTiy^a, ' puncture.' 
 The sting of the scorpion. 
 
 SCOR'PION, Scor'pio, Scorpius, from uKop-ioui, 
 'I puncture.' A genus of insects having a sting 
 at the extremity of their tail, with which they 
 make dangerous wounds. An Oil of Scmyion 
 was once made from them, which is not now used. 
 
 SCORPIOSTIGMA, Scorpiodexis. 
 
 SCORPIUS, Scorpion. 
 
 SCORTUM, Scrotum. 
 
 SCORZONE'PvA, S. hu'milis sen lana'ta sen 
 nervo'sa, Et-corzoiie'i^a, Vipera'ria, Serpenta'ria 
 IJispan'ica, OJ/ic"inal viper's grass, Vipe.r's grass. 
 Goat's grass. Family, Cichoracea3. Sex. Syst. 
 Syngenesia Polygamia. The roots have been 
 used as alexipharmics, and in hypochondriacal 
 disorders and obstructions of the viscera. The 
 root of the Scorzonera llispan'ica is esculent, but 
 inefficacious as a drug. 
 
 SCOTAS'MA, Seoto'ma, Scoto'dia, Scoto'sis, 
 Scotos ; from oKorog, 'darkness.' Obscurity of 
 vision, darkness, Suffu'sio ra'dians. Also Sco- 
 todinia. 
 
 SCOTCH FIDDLE, Psora. 
 
 SCOTODIA, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTODIN'IA, Scoto'vui, JJinus Seoto'ma, Sco- 
 todi'ne, Tenehrico'sa verti'go, Scotos, Scotas'ma, 
 Scoto'sis, Seot'omy, from gkotos, 'darkness,' and 
 (5iy£u, ' I turn round.' Giddiness, with impaired 
 sight, often succeeded by headach. See Vertigo. 
 
 SCOTOMA, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTOMY, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTOS, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTOSIS, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTT'S ACID BATH, Nitro-wvriatic add 
 hath. A bath of dilute aqua regia, employed by 
 Dr. Scott, of India, as a remedy in hepatic dis- 
 eases. Three pints by measure of muriatic acid, 
 and two of nitric acid, are mixed to form the 
 aqua regia. In preparing this for use, a pint of 
 it is mixed with an equal quantity of water. 
 The acid bath consists of three ounces of this 
 dilute acid to every gallon of water. 
 
 SCRATCH, Psora. 
 
 SCREATUS, Excreation. 
 
 SCRIPTULUM, Scruple. 
 
 SCRIPULUM, Scruple. 
 
 SCRIPULUS, Scruple. 
 
 SCRIVENER'S CRAMP, Cramp, writers'. 
 
 SCROBIC'ULUS, Scrohic'ulum, (F.) Fossette. 
 A little ditch or furrow; diminutive of scrohs, 
 ' a ditch.' 
 
 Sckobic'tiltts Cordis, Anticar'dinm, Procar'- 
 dlum, (F.) Fossette du ccein; Avant-ea^iir, Anti- 
 ca"ur. The pit of the stomach. The depression 
 at the anterior part of the abdomen, below the 
 xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 Sct?oBTCiTLus VARiOLiE, Pockmark. 
 
 SCROFPiE, Scrofula. 
 
 SCROF'ULA, Scrn2)h'tda, ScropVidcB ; from 
 scrofa, 'a sow;' because swine were presumed to 
 be subject to a similar complaint. Scroplndo'sis, 
 ]\[orhu8 scrophuto'sus, Yit"ium scrophiilo'sum, 
 Cacochym'ia seu Cachex'ia sen Dyscra'tia aoro- 
 phulo'sa, Padatroph'ia glundulo'sa, StrumHf 
 
SCROFULAIRE 
 
 779 
 
 SEA AIR 
 
 Clicerns, Coirns, Tabes Glandidn'ris, Adeno'sia 
 sciofulo'sa, ScroffcB, Chrceas, King's evil, The 
 Evil, Ci-ueh (Scottice), (F.) Scropliules, Scro/ules, 
 Striimes, JEcroueUes, Hiimeurs froides, Tubercules 
 des (jlandes lym2'>hatiques, 3Ial du Hoi. A state 
 of the system characterized by indolent, glandu- 
 lar tumours, chiefly in the neck; suppurating 
 slowly and imperfectly, and healing with diffi- 
 culty; the disease ordinarily occurring in those 
 of a sanguine temperament, with thick upper lip, 
 &o. The tumours, after suppuration, degenerate 
 into ulcers; which, in process of time, cicatrize, 
 leaving scars. The internal organs are apt to be 
 attacked in those disposed to scrofula; hence 
 they are often the subjects of phthisis and me- 
 senteric affections. Scrofula is hereditary; and 
 is frequently excited by insufficient or improper 
 regimen, and by a close, confined air during the 
 first years of existence. The best treatment is : — 
 to strengthen the system by animal diet ; pure 
 air, and exercise, cold bathing, or sea-water 
 bathing, &c. 
 
 Scrofula Abdohinalis Interna, Physconia 
 strumosa. 
 
 SCROFULAIRE, Serophularia nodosa — s. 
 Aquatiqiie. Serophularia aquatica. 
 
 SCROFULARIA, Serophularia. 
 
 SCROFVLEUX, Scrofulous. 
 
 SCROF'ULOUS, ScropJuilo'siis, ScropTiida'rius, 
 Strumous, Striimo'sus, (F.) Scrofuleux, Striimeux. 
 Suffering from, or relating to, scrofula. 
 
 SCROPHULA, Scrofula— s. Mesenterica, Tabes 
 mesentei-ica — s. Moluccana, Frambcesia. 
 
 SCROPHULiE, Scrofula— s. GonorrhoicEe, Go- 
 norrhoea impura. 
 
 SCROPHULARIA, S. Nodosa. 
 
 Scrophula'ria Aquat'ica, Beton'ica aquat'- 
 ica, Fica'ria, Ferra'ria, Castran'gida, Greater 
 Water Figxoort, Water Bet'ony, (F.) Scrofulaire 
 vquatique. The leaves are celebrated as correc- 
 tors of the bad flavour of senna. They were at 
 one time regarded as eminently antiscrofulous, 
 stomachic, and carminative. 
 
 ScROPHULARiA FcETiDA, Scrophularla nodosa 
 — s. Lanceolata, S. Nodosa — s. Marilandica, S. 
 Nodosa — s. Minor, Ranunculus fiearia. 
 
 Scrophula'ria Nodosa, Figwort, Kennelwoi-t, 
 Holmesiceed, Heal-all, Scrojihula'ria foi'tida seu 
 vnlga'ris seu lanceola'ta, seu Marilan'dica, Mil- 
 lemor'liia, Scrophula'ria, (F.) Scrofulaire, Herbe 
 aux ecrouelles. The root and leaves of this plant 
 have been celebrated, both as an internal and ex- 
 ternal remedy, against inflammations, piles, scro- 
 fulous tumours, ulcers, &g. 
 
 Scrophularia Vulgaris, Serophularia nodosa. 
 
 SCROPHULARIUS, Scrofulous. 
 
 SCROPHULES, Scrofula — s. Ifesenteriques, 
 Tabesj mesenterica. 
 
 SCROPIIULOSIS, Scrofula. 
 
 SGROPHULOSUS, Scrofulous. 
 
 SCROTAL, Scrota'lis; from scrotum. Relating 
 to the scrotum, — as Hernia scrota'lis, scrotal 
 hernia. 
 
 Scrotal Nerve, see Genito- crural Nerve. 
 
 SCROTOCE'LE. A hybrid term ; from (L.) 
 scrotum, and kt]\i-i, 'a tumour.' Hernia Scrota'lis, 
 Scrotal her'nia. Inguinal hernia, descending 
 into the scrotum ; Oscheocele. 
 
 SCROTUM, from scorteus, scorteum, 'made of 
 leather.' (?) OscTie, Os'cheus, Os'chus, Os'cheon, 
 Och'eus, Perin, Scortum, Marsu'jjium, Bur'sula, 
 Bursa tes'tium seu viri'lis, Cap'ulus, (?) Orchas, 
 Os'cus, Follic' idus genita'lis, Her'nia, the Purse, 
 the Cod, (F.) Les bourses. The integuments 
 ■which cover the testes. These are nothing more 
 than a prolongation of the skin of the inner 
 part of the thighs, perinJ^nm, and penis. The 
 Bkia is remarkable for i'^ brown colour, for the 
 
 numerous rag£e, especially when the scrotum Is 
 contracted; for the great number of sebaceous 
 follicles it contains; and for the long and few 
 hairs which issue from it in the adult. The scro- 
 tum is divided into two equal parts by a raphe, 
 which extends from, the anus to the root of the 
 penis. Its organization is similar to that of the 
 skin of other parts of the body, except that the 
 chorion is thinner. 
 
 ScROTUJi Cordis, Pericardium — s. Pendulum, 
 Rhachosis. 
 
 SCRUPLE, Bioh'olon, Gramma'riuin, Scru'- 
 pulus, Scru'jndum, Scrijj'tidiis, Scrip' ulum, Scrip'- 
 ulus. A weight of twenty grains, Troy ; twenty- 
 four grains, Poids de marc. 
 
 SCUDAMORE'S MIXTURE, see Mixture 
 Scudamore's. 
 
 SCULL, Cranium — s. Cap, Calvaria. 
 
 SCURF, Sax. fcurT, Teut. S c h o r f t ; Fur'- 
 fura. Small exfoliations of the cuticle are so 
 called. 
 
 SCURFY, Furfuraceous. 
 
 SCURVY OF THE ALPS, Pellagra— s. Grass, 
 Sisyrinchium Bermudianum — s. Land, Purpura 
 hsemorrhagiea— s. Petechial, Purpura simplex — 
 s. Sea, Porphj-ra nautiea — -s. Grass, common, 
 Cochlearia officinalis — s. Grass, lemon, Cochlea- 
 ria officinalis — s. Grass, wild, Cochlearia eoro- 
 nopus. 
 
 SCUTELLA, Cup. 
 
 SCUTELLA'RIA GALERICULA'TA, Cassida 
 grdaricula'ta, Tertiana'ria, Skull-cap, (F.) Cas- 
 side hleue. Family, PersonesB. ^S'eJ:-. Syst. Didj'- 
 namia Angiospermia. This plant has a bitter 
 taste and a garlic smell. It has been esteemed 
 especially serviceable in tertian ague. 
 
 Scutella'ria Lateriflo'ra, Skull-cpp, Mad- 
 weed, Hoodwort, Blue Pimp'ernel. An indigenous 
 plant, which grows in all parts of the United 
 States in moist places. It was at one time es- 
 teemed a preventive of hydrophobia, but is pro- 
 bably possessed of little virtue of any kind. 
 
 Scutellaria Integrifo'lia, — another indi- 
 genous variety, — is an intense bitter. 
 
 SCUTICULA DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
 langes of the fingers. 
 
 StUTULiE DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
 lana:es of the fingers. 
 
 S'CUTUM, Thyroid cartilage — s. Cordis, Sca- 
 pula, Sternum — s. Genu, Patella — s. Pectoris, 
 Thorax. 
 
 ScuTusr Stojiace'icum. A large plaster, ap- 
 plied to the breast or stomach. 
 
 Scutum Thoracis, Scapula. 
 
 SCYB'ALA, plural of cKvliaXov, 'dung.' Ente 
 rol'ithus Scyb'alum, Excremcnta Alvi siccio'ra. 
 Faces indura'tm. Hard fecal matters discharged 
 in round lumps. 
 
 SCYLLA, Scilla. 
 
 SCYPHOPHORUS PYXIDATUS, Lichen 
 pyxidatus. 
 
 SCYPHUS AUDITORIUS, Infundibulum of 
 the cochlea — s. Cerebri, Infundibulum of tha 
 brain — s. Vieussenii, Infundibulum of the cochlea. 
 
 SCYROS, Callosity. 
 
 SCYTALIDES DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
 langes of the fingers. 
 
 SCYTHICA, (RADIX,) Glyeyrrhiza. 
 
 SCYTHROPASMUS, from cKvBpog, 'gloomy;' 
 cKvdpaTaZtiv, ' to look gloomy ;' Vu-'Mis tet'ricns ei 
 mast us. A gloomy, depressed countenance, of 
 bad augury in serious diseases. 
 
 SCYTITIS, Cytitis. 
 
 SCYTODEPSiUM, Tannin. 
 
 SEA AIR. The air in the neighbourhoocl of 
 the sea contains saline particles commingled with 
 it, which render it a valuable change for scrofu- 
 lous and debilitated individuals. The sea and 
 
SEA-SICKNESS 
 
 rso 
 
 SEDLITZ 
 
 Sta-coast are usually, also, more equable in their 
 temperature than places inland. 
 
 SEA SICKXESS, Nausea marina — s. "Water, 
 Bee Wat-er, Sea. 
 
 SEAL, GOLDEX, Hydrastis Canadensis — s. 
 Solomon's, Convallaria polygonatum. 
 
 SEAM, Cicatrix. 
 
 SEARCHING, Sounding; from (F.) chercTier, 
 'to seek.' The operation of ascertaining, by the 
 introduction of a metallic instrument, whether a 
 patient has a stone in the bladder. 
 
 SEASONING, Acclimation — s. Fever, Fever, 
 stranger's. 
 
 SEA.T, Anus — s. Bone, Ischion, 
 
 SEBACE, Sebaceous. 
 
 SEBA'CEOUS, Seba'ceus, (F.) S^haci; from 
 eehiim, 'suet.' That which has the nature of suet. 
 
 Sebaceous Flux, Stearrhrea. 
 
 Sebaceous or Sebip'arous Glands, Selaceoua 
 Fol'licleg, Sebaceous Crypts, FoUic'uli aeba'eei, 
 Crypto, seba'cecB, Oil Glands, Mil'iary <jland.s, are 
 Braall hollow organs, of a rounded or pyriform 
 shape, seated in the substance of the skin, and 
 opening on its surface by a small, excretory duct; 
 furnishing a yellow, unctuous humour. Smegma 
 cuta'neuiu, Sebum cuta'neum, having someanalogj' 
 with suet, which is destined to lubricate the sur- 
 face of the body. Follicles of a similar nature 
 exist around the corona glandis of the male, and 
 under the skin of the labia majora and nymphse 
 of females. They secrete a sebaceous matter, 
 which emits a peculiar odour; and hence, after 
 the name of one who described them, have been 
 called Gland'ulcB odori/'erce Tyso'ni, G. Tyso'ni, 
 Tyson's f/lands. 
 
 SEBESTE'NA, Cordia myxa seu seheste'na sen 
 Africa' na seu domes'tica seu ohli'qua, Sebeste'na 
 officina'lis, Sebea'ten, Sehsten, Myxa, Cornve san- 
 gnin'ea, Prnnus sehesti'na, Smooth-leaved Cor'- 
 dia, Ansyr'ian pilum, (F.) Sebestier myxa. The 
 dark, black fruit of the Sebestina possesses gluti- 
 nous and aperient qualities, and is exhibited, in 
 decoction, in various diseases of the chest. 
 
 SEBESTIER 31 YXA, Sebestena. 
 
 SEBIPAROUS, see Sebaceous. 
 
 SEBOKKHAGIA, Stearrhcea. 
 
 SEBORRHCEA, Stearrhoea. 
 
 SEBSTEN, Sebestina. 
 
 SEBUM, Pinguedo, Sevum — s. Cutaneum, see 
 Sebaceous glands. 
 
 SECA'LE, S. cerea'le seu harba'tum. The JRye 
 plant. (F.) Sei'jle. Rye is chiefly used as an 
 article of diet, particularly in the northern parts 
 of Europe, where a spirit is also extracted from 
 it. The grain is disposed to aeescency : and 
 hence its internal use at first generally produces 
 a laxative effect. 
 
 Secale BARBATUJr, Seeale — s. Cornutum, Er- 
 got — s. Luxurians, Ergot. 
 
 SECALIS MATER, Ergot. 
 
 KECERXEXT, Secreting. 
 
 SECERXIXG, Secreting— s. Substance, of the 
 kidney, see Kidney. 
 
 SECESSIO FiECUM, Defecation. 
 
 SECESSUS NIGER, Melsena. 
 
 SECllE, Se])ia. 
 
 SECLUSORIUM, Sac. 
 
 SEC'OXDARY, from secundus, 'the second.' 
 eomething that acts subordinately to another; 
 as the secondary sympfoyns of a disease; that is, 
 those which supervene on the primary. 
 
 SECOXniNES, Secundines. 
 
 SECRETA. Same etymon as Secretion. Things 
 «r matters secreted or separated from the blood. 
 
 SECPiE 'TING, Secreto'rius, Secer'ning, Se'- 
 crrnUiit. Exeer'ncnt. Same etymon as Secretion. 
 That which sei-retes, — as a secreting organ. 
 
 SECRETIO, Secretion— s. Lactis, Galactosis— 
 s. Lotii, Uropoesis — s. Urinse, Uropoesis — s. Yi- 
 caria, see Vicarious. 
 
 SECRE'TIOX, Secre'tio, Apoc'risis ; from se~ 
 cernere, 'to separate.' An organic function, which 
 is chiefly executed in the glands, and consists in 
 an elaboration or separation of the materials of 
 the blood, at the very extremities of the arterial 
 system, or rather of the vascular secretory sys- 
 tem; and which differs in each organ according 
 to its particular structure; hence the formation 
 of different fluids; — bile, saliva, urine, milk, <tc. 
 The secretions are of three kinds : — exhalant, Jul- 
 licidar. and glandular. 
 
 SECRETORIUS, Secreting. 
 
 SECT, METHODICAL, Methodists. 
 
 S]?C'TIO, Section, The act of cutting. A di- 
 vision. 
 
 Sectio Alta, see Lithotomy — s. Anatomiea, 
 Dissection — s. Cadaveris, Autopsia cadaveriea — 
 E. Cadaveris legalis, Autopsia cadaveriea — s. Cfe- 
 sarea, Csesarean section — s. Franconiana, see 
 Lithotomy — s. Hypogastriea, see Lithotomj^ — s. 
 Lateralis, see Lithotomj' — s. Legalis, Obductio — 
 s. Mariana, see Lithotomy — s. Xympharum, 
 Xymphotomy — s. Piectovesicalis, see Lithotomy 
 — s. Renalis, Nephrotomy — s. Tendinum, Teno- 
 tomy — s. Vagino-vesicalis, Colpoeystotomia — s. 
 Vesicalis, Lithotomy. 
 
 SECTIOX, Sectio — s. Sigatiltian, Symphyse- 
 otomv. 
 
 SECUND^, Secundines. 
 
 SECUXDIX^, Secundines. 
 
 SEC'UXDIXES, Hys'tera, Deufer'ion, After- 
 birth, Secun'dcB, Secundi'ncB, (F.) Arriere-faix, 
 SecondAnes, Delivre. All that remains in the 
 uterus after the birth of the chUd, — viz., the p^la- 
 centa, a portion of the umbilical cord, and the 
 membranes of the ovum. These are commonly 
 not expelled till some time after the birth of the 
 foetus: hence their name. See Uelivrance. 
 
 SECUXDUS PROPRIORUM AURICrLiE, 
 Retrahens auris. 
 
 SEDAXTIA, Sedatives. 
 
 SED'ATIVES, Sedati'va, Pouon'ta, Sedan'tia, 
 Adec'ta, Catastal'tiea, I/epirimen'iia, (F.) Cal- 
 niants, Tempjerants, from sedo, 'I settle or as- 
 suage.' Medicines which directly depress the 
 vital forces, and which are consequently employed 
 whenever it is necessary to diminish preternatu- 
 rally increased action. The chief reputed seda- 
 tives are : Acidum Hydrocyanicum. Acidum Hy- 
 dro-sulphurieum, Tabacum, Missio Sanguinis, and 
 certain gases by inhalation, as azote, carbonic 
 acid. (?) carburetted and sulphuretted hvdrogen. 
 
 SEDEM ATTOLLEXS, Levator ani.' 
 
 SEDES, Anus, Excrement — s. Cruenta?, Dy- 
 senterj', Hsematochezia — s. Lactescentes, Coelia<j 
 flux — s. Proeidua, Proctocele. 
 
 SEDHEE, Bangue. 
 
 SED'IJIEXT, Sedimen'tnm, Lemma, Beaiden'- 
 tia. Same etymon. (F.) Depot. A deposit formed 
 by the precipitation of some one or more of the 
 substances held in solution or suspension by a 
 liquid. That which is formed in urine, at the 
 time of cooling, has been called Hypos'tasis, Hy- 
 poste'ma, Kesiden'tia, Subsiden'tia, (F.) I)ep6t de 
 I'nrine. This sediment or deposit varies in dif- 
 ferent states of the S3-stcm. In calculous affec- 
 tions, it is one of the most important objects of 
 attention. 
 
 SEDIMENTUM, Sediment — s. Urinje lateri- 
 cium, see Lateritious — s. Urinoe intyroides, see 
 Furfurnceous. 
 
 SEDITIA. Nates. 
 
 SEDLITZ, MINERAL "WATERS OF, Scid- 
 litz, SeidachUtz or Seydschutz icater. Springs iD 
 Bohemia, near Prague, which are simple salines. 
 
SEDON 
 
 781 
 
 SEMICEPHALTJS 
 
 They contain a large quantity of sulphate of 
 magnesia, a little sulphate of soda and sulphate 
 of lime, carbonic acid, carbonates of lime and 
 magnesia, and a resinous matter.(?) They are 
 employed as purgatives in a multitude of dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Sedlitz Powders may be formed of Soda tar- 
 tarizata ^ij, SodcB carbon, ^ij, in one paper; 
 Acid tartaric, gr. xxxv, in another. For half a 
 pint of water. 
 
 SEDON BlfULANT, Sedum— ». Reprise, 
 Sedum telephium. 
 
 SEDUM, Sedum acre seu glacia'le seu minns 
 seu vermicula're, Rlec"ehra, Hellec"ehra, Ulec'- 
 ehrum Vermieula're,Vermicula'ris, Pinter mura'le, 
 Sempervi'vum acre, Wall pepper, Stone crop, 
 Biting Stone crop, Small Jlouseleek, Aei'cTiryson, 
 jEo'nion, (F. ) Joubarbe acre. Orpin brMant, Ver- 
 miculaire brttlante, Sedan brdlant. Family, Cras- 
 sulaceee. Sex. Syst. Decandria Pentagynia. In 
 . its recent state it is very acrid, and jjroves both 
 emetic and cathartic. Externally, in the form of 
 cataplasm, it produces vesications and erosions. 
 It has been recommended in cancerous and ma- 
 lignant ulcers. 
 
 Sedum, Saxifraga granulata — s. Glaciale, Se- 
 dum — s. Minus, Sedum — s. Majus, Sempervivum 
 tectorum — s. Minus, Sedum. 
 
 Sedum Tele'phium, S. telepho'ides, Faba crassa, 
 Cras'stda, 0. Major, Illec" ebra major, Tele'jMum, 
 Faba'ria cras'sula, Faha crassa, Anacamp'seros, 
 A. al'bicans seu triphyll'a seu vulga'ris. Orpine, 
 (F.) Sedan reprise. Grand orpin, Feve ipaisse, 
 Joubarbe des vignes, &(i. Formerly used as a 
 cataplasm in cuts, hemorrhoids, corns, whitlows, 
 &c. 
 
 Sedum Telephoides, S. Telephium — s. Vermi- 
 culare, Sedum. 
 
 SEED, Sperm. 
 
 SEGMENTA CARTILAGINEA, see Trachea. 
 
 SEGNIT"IA, Segnit"ies, from segnis, ' slug- 
 gish.' Sluggishness or torpor in the exercise of 
 a function : — as Segnities Alvi, Torpor of the 
 bowels : Sesnities Virium, Languoi-. 
 
 SEGNITIES, Segnitia. 
 
 SEGRAT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near 
 Pithiviers, in Gatinais, in the French department 
 of Loiret, there is a chalybeate spring, which has 
 some reputation. 
 
 SEGU, Sago. 
 
 SEIDLITZ, Sedlitz, 
 
 SEIDSCHUTZ, Sedlitz. 
 
 SEIGLE, Secale— s. Ergofee, Ergot. 
 
 SEIN, Uterus, see Mamma. 
 
 SEIRIASIS, Coup de Soleil. 
 
 SEIZURES, HIDDEN, see Seizures. 
 
 SEKISKAYAVODKA, see Spirit. 
 
 SEL, Salt — 8. Admirable de Lemery, Magnesise 
 Bulphas — s. Admirable perle. Soda, phosphate of 
 — s. de Cuisine, Soda, muriate of — s. de DSrosne, 
 Narcotine — s, d'Egra, Magnesia sulphas — s. 3Ia- 
 rin, Soda, muriate of — s. d' Opium, Narcotine — s. 
 de Saturne-, Plumbi superacetas — s. de Verre, see 
 Vitrum — «. Volatil d' Angleterre, Ammoniae car- 
 bonas. 
 
 SELAGO, Camphorosma Monspeliaca, Lyco- 
 podium selago. 
 
 SELENE, Moon, see Nail. 
 
 SELENIASIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 SELENIASMUS, Somnambulism. 
 
 SELENOBLETUS, Lunatic. 
 . SELENOGAMIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 SELERY, Apium graveolens. 
 
 SBLFABUSE, Masturbation. 
 
 SELF-HEAL, Prunella. 
 
 SELF-LIM'ITED. An epithet applied to dis- 
 eases which appear to run a definite course, but 
 
 little modified by treatment, — small-pox, fo? 
 example- 
 
 SELF-POLLUTION, Masturbation. 
 
 SELI'BRA, Semili'bra, Sembella, half a pound. 
 Six ounces, Troy; eight, Avoirdupois. 
 
 SELINI'TES, trtAiviT);;. Wine impregnated 
 with the seeds of the ciXivov or smallage. — Dios- 
 corides. 
 
 SELINUM ANGELICA, Angelica Sylvestria 
 
 — s. Galbanum, Bubon galbanum — s. Impera- 
 toria, Imperatoria — s. Opoponax, Pastinaca opo- 
 ponax — s. Oreoselinum, Athamanta aureoseli- 
 num — s. Ostruthium, Imperatoria — s. Pastinaca, 
 Pastinaca sativa — s. Peucedanum, Peucedanum 
 
 — s. Pubescens, Angelica sylvestris — s. Sylves- 
 tre, Angelica sylvestris. 
 
 SELLA, S, Turcica — s. Equina, S. Turcica — 
 s. Familiarica, Lasanum — s. Obstetrieia, Diphrua 
 — s. Sphenoidalis, S. Turcica. 
 
 Sella Tur'cica, Ephip'pium, Fossa Pitui^ 
 ta'ria, Sella, S. equi'na seu sphenoida'lis, 
 Turkish Saddle, (F.) Selle Tureiqne ou du 
 Turc. A depression at the upper surface of 
 the sphenoid bone, which is bounded, anteriorly 
 and posteriorly, by the clinoid processes; and 
 lodges the pituitary gland. It is so called from 
 its resemblanee to a Turkish saddle. 
 
 Sella Turcica, Pituitaria fossa. 
 
 SELLE TURCIQUE, Sella Turcica — s. du 
 Tare, Sella Turcica. 
 
 SELS NEUTRES, Neutral salts. 
 
 SELTZ or SELTZER, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Cold, acidulous springs, the source of which 
 is at Seltz, nine leagues from Strasburg, and in 
 the Department of the Bas-Rhin. They contain 
 carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda, chloride 
 of sodium, and much carbonic acid. They are 
 refrigerant, tonic, diuretic, and aperient. 
 
 Artificial Seltzer Water may be made 
 from muriat. acid. gr. xxxv, water Oj, lohite mar- 
 ble gr. iij. Stop up till dissolved. Add carbonate 
 of Magnesia, gr. v, and, after some time, subcar^ 
 bonate of soda, gr. xxxij. Close it till used. 
 
 SEMBELLA, Selibra. 
 
 SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM, Avicennia 
 tomentosa. 
 
 SEMEIOG'RAPHY, Semeiograph'ia, Semio- 
 graphy, Semiogra'phia, from ctjuuov, ' a symp- 
 tom,' and ypa(pri, ' a description.' A description 
 of symptoms or signs of disease. 
 
 SEMBIOL'OGY, Sem^eiot'ice, Semiology, Se- 
 miotiee, Phanomenolog"ia, from ariixtiov, ' a sj^mp- 
 tom,' and }.oyo;, 'a discourse.' (F.) Semeiotiqiie. 
 The branch of pathology whose object is the doc- 
 trine of the symptoms or signs of disease. 
 
 SEMEION BOETHEMATICUM, Indication. 
 
 SEMEIOSIS, Semeiology. 
 
 SE3fEI0TIQUE, Semeiology. 
 
 SEMEN, Sperm — s. Badian, Illicium anisa- 
 tum — s. Cinse, Artemisia santonica — s. Contra, 
 Artemisia santonica — s. Contra vermes, Artemi- 
 sia santonica — s. Masculinum seu virile seu geni- 
 tale. Sperm — s. Muliebre, Sperm (of the female) 
 — s. Sanctum, Artemisia santonica — s. Zedoarise, 
 Artemisia santonica. 
 
 SEMENCE, Sperm. 
 
 SEMENTINA, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 SEMI, from 'rmiav, ' half.' Semi or demi, in 
 composition, universally signifies ' half;' both in 
 French and English, 
 
 SEMIAN'IMIS, Semimor'tum, Sem'inex, *Se- 
 mivi'vus ; from semi, 'half,' and animus, 'soul.' 
 Half-living. Half-dead. 
 
 SEMI-BULB OF THE FEMALE, Bulbui 
 vestibuli. 
 
 SEMICANALICULUS, Sulcus. 
 
 SEMICANALIS, Sulcus. 
 
 SEMIGEPHALUS, Hemieephalui. 
 
SEMICIRCULI 
 
 782 
 
 SEMISPINALIS 
 
 SEMICTRCULI OSSEI, Semicircular canals. 
 SEMICIR'CULAR, Semicircida'ris. That 
 which represents the half of a circle. 
 
 Semicircolae Canals, Cana'lee seu Ductus 
 eemicircuW rea seu tuhaform'ea seu circula'res, 
 Semicir'culi os'sei, Funes seu Oanalic'uli semi- 
 onnula'res labyrin'thi, (F.) Canaux demicircu- 
 laires, are seated in the pars petrosa of the tem- 
 poral bone, and open into the vestibule, behind 
 which they are situate. They are three in num- 
 ber, of which one is suj)erior or vertical, cana'lis 
 semicircida'ris vertica'lis supe'rior; another poste- 
 rior or oblique, cana'lis semicircida'ris vertica'lis 
 paste' rior, and the third exterior or horizontal, 
 caualis semicircida'ris horizonta'lis. Their pa- 
 rietes are formed of a bony, compact, hard plate. 
 Their uses in audition are not known : at their 
 termination they have the elliptical arrangements 
 called ampid'lm ; and by both extremities they 
 open into the vestibule, in the sac at its superior 
 part — the iSric'c>du8Ellip'ticiis,Al'veus sen Utric'- 
 ulus commu'nis, Utricle, Sinus or Alveiis ufriculo'- 
 S'ls, Saccultis cestibuli or 3fedian sinus. In front 
 of the S. ellipticus, nearer the cochlea, and oppo- 
 site the foramen ovale, is the Sac'cidus spher'icus 
 or sacculns. 
 
 SEMICIRCULUS EXSCULPTUS, Hiatus 
 diaphragmatis aorticus. 
 SEMICON'GIUS. Half a gallon, or four pints. 
 SEMICU'BIUM, Semicupium, Inses'sio, In- 
 ces'sio, Encathis'rn.a, Excathis'ma, (F.) Demibain, 
 from semi, ' half,' and evbare, ' to lie down.' A 
 half-bath, or such as receives only the hips or 
 extremities. 
 
 SEMICUPIUM, Bath, half, Semi-cubium— Se- 
 mi-fibulEeus, Peronteus brevis — Semi-interosseus 
 indicis, Abductor indicis — Semi-interosseus pol- 
 licis, Opponens pollicis. 
 SEMILIBRA, Selibra. 
 
 SEMILLA DEL GUACHARO. Various kinds 
 of hard and dry fruits, found in the stomachs of 
 the young Guacharoes, a sort of nocturnal bird. 
 The fruits are a celebrated South American 
 remedy in ague. 
 
 BEMILU'NAR, Semilnna'ris, (F.) Bemi-lu- 
 naire ou Semi-lttnaire, from semi, 'half,' and luna, 
 'the moon.' Having the shape of a half-moon. 
 
 Semilunar Cart'ilages, Semilunar fibro-car- 
 tilages, Sigmoid car'tilages, Cartilag"ines sig- 
 tno'idecB seu semiluna'res, are two fibro-cartilages, 
 which exist between the condyles of the os femo- 
 ris and the articular surfaces of the tibia. The 
 innermost, which is longer from before to behind 
 than transversely, is nearly semicircular. The 
 outermost forms almost an entire circle; an ar- 
 rangement, in both cases, corresponding to the 
 different surfaces of the tibia. They are thicker 
 at their outer circumference, which is convex, 
 tlian at the inner, which is concave and very 
 thin. Both are inserted, before and behind, into 
 the spine of the tibia, by means of fibrous fascia;. 
 Semilunar Ganglion, — Ganglion abdomina'le 
 ECU splanch' nicwn seu transver'sum seu sola're, 
 G. aurr&nal, (Ch.), belongs to the great sympa- 
 thetic. These ganglia present considerable va- 
 riety, a,nd are deeply situate in the abdomen, 
 above and behind tl:e supra-renal capsules. They 
 correspond, posteriorly, to the pillars of the dia- 
 phragm and the aorta. They have the shape of 
 a crescent reversed, often surrounded by other 
 ganglia of a smaller size. From their periphery 
 the numerous filaments proceed, which go to the 
 formation of tlie solar plexus. 
 
 Semilunar Notch oftiir Sternum, Fourcheite 
 — f?. Valves, Sigmoid valves — s. Masculatus, 
 Knnucli. 
 FEMILUNULA UNGUIUM, sec Nail. 
 6EMI-MAS, Eunuch. 
 
 SEMIMASCULUS, Eunuch. 
 SEMIMEMBRANEUS, Semimembranosus. 
 SEMIMEMBRANO 'S US, Semimewbra'neu», 
 (F.) Ischio-popliti- femoral, Ischio -popliti-tibial^, 
 (Ch.) Demimembraneux. A muscle situate at the 
 posterior part of the thigh. It is flat, thin, nar- 
 row, and aponeurotic in its upper third ; broader 
 and fleshy in the middle, and tendinous below. 
 It is attached above to the tuberosity of the is- 
 chium; and below — by a tendon, which has three 
 divisions — to the outer condyle of the femur, and 
 to the posterior and inner part of the internal 
 tuberosfty of the tibia. This muscle is a rotator 
 inwards, and a flexor of the leg. It can also bend 
 the thigh upon ttie leg. In standing it maintains 
 the pelvis in position, and can even draw it down- 
 wards. 
 
 SEMIMORTUUS, Semianimis. 
 SEMINA CATAPUTIiE MAJORIS, see Rici- 
 nus communis. 
 
 Se'mina Frig'ida Majo'ra. The greater cold 
 seeds. The ancients gave this name to the emul- 
 sive seeds of the cucumber, melon, gourd, and 
 water-melon. 
 
 Semina Frigida Minora. The lesser cold seeda. 
 The ancients gave this name to the seeds of the 
 lettuce, purslane, endive, and cichory. 
 
 Semina Ricini Vulgaris, see Ricinus commu- 
 nis. 
 
 SEMINAL, Spermatic — s. Filaments, Sperma- 
 tozoa — s. Fluid, Sperm — s. Granules, see Granule. 
 SEMINALE MEMBRUM, Penis. 
 SEMINALIS, Spermatic. 
 SEMINERVOSUS, Semi-tendinosus. 
 SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis oris. 
 SEMIPESTIS, Typhus. 
 SEMINEX, Semianimis. 
 SEMINIA MORBORUM, Predisposition. 
 SEMINIF'EROUS, from semen, 'sperm,' and 
 fero, ' I carry.' Spermatoph'orous. An epithet 
 given to the vessels which secrete and convey the 
 seminal fluid. 
 
 SEMINIUM, Sperm. - 
 SEMIOGRAPHY, Semeiography. 
 SEMIOLOGY, Semeiology. 
 SEMIOTICE, Semeiotice— s. Faciei, Physi- 
 ognomy. 
 
 SEMIPLEGIA, Hemiplegia. 
 SEMISEXTUM, Hemiecton. 
 SEMISICIL'ICUS. A weight of one drachm 
 or three scruples. — Rhodius. 
 SEMISIDERATIO, Hemiplegia. 
 SEMISIDERATUS, see Hemiplegia. 
 SEMISOMNIS, Coma. 
 SEMISOPITUS, Coma. 
 SEMISOPORUS, Coma. 
 
 SEMISPEC'ULUM. An instrument used for 
 dilating the incision made into the neck of the 
 bladder in the operation of lithotomy. — Fabriciua 
 Ilildanus. 
 
 SEMISPINA'LIS COLLI, Semispiua'tus colli, 
 Artie' ulo-spina'lis, Transrer'no-spinalix L'ldli, Spi- 
 nalis cervi'cis. Spinalis Colli, Transrersa'lis Colli, 
 Transversospinal, (F.) Demi-epiiieiur ou trana- 
 versoire-epineux du con. This niiisplc arises from 
 the transverse processes of the six ujiiiermost 
 dorsal vertebrfE, by an equal numlicr of distinct 
 tendons, which run obliquely under the com- 
 plexus, and is inserted in the spinous processes 
 of all the cervical vertebrae, except tlie first and 
 last. Its action is, to extend the nocli obliquely 
 backwards and to one side. 
 
 SrMISPINALIS DorSI, Semi-spi)i<dis crteriiua, 
 Transcer'so-Hpinalia dorsi, Senii-spina'tiis, (Rio- 
 Ian), Transversospinal, (F. ) l)emi-<iiinciix du 
 do-1, Transversa i re-cpineiu- du dos. This muscJ« 
 arises from the transverse processes of the se- 
 I venth, eighth, ninth, and tenth dorsal vertebrae, 
 
SEMISPIN-ATUS 
 
 783 
 
 SENSE 
 
 by as many distinct tendons, TThieh soon grow 
 fleshy; and then again become tendinous, and 
 ere inserted into the spinous processes of the 
 sixth or seventh uppermost dorsal, and two low- 
 est cervical vertebra?, by as many tendons. Its 
 cction is, to extend the spine obliquely back- 
 wards. 
 
 Semispinalis Externus, Semi-spinalis dorsi — 
 p. Internus, Transversalis dorsi — s. Spinatus, 
 Lonffissimus dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi. 
 
 SEMISPmATUS COLLI, Semispinalis colli. 
 
 SEMIS'SIS, Semis. The half of a pound,- 
 ounee, drachm, <fcc. 
 
 SEMITENDINO'SUS, Semi-nervo'sus, (F.) /»- 
 cJiio-ereti-tibial, iRcMo-pretihial, (Ch.) Vemiten- 
 dineiix. This muscle is situate at the posterior 
 part of the thigh. It extends obliquely, down- 
 wards and inwards, from the tuberosity of the 
 ischium — to which it is attached by a flat tendon, 
 common to it and the biceps — as far as the pos- 
 terior and inner part of the tibia, to which it is 
 attached by means of another round tendon. 
 Its fibres are commonly interrupted by an apo- 
 neurosis. Its uses are the same as those of the 
 Bemimembranosus. 
 
 SEMITERTIANA, Hemitritsea — s. Tierce, 
 liemitritaja. 
 
 SEMIUNCIA, Hemiuneion. 
 
 SEMIVIR, Eunuch. 
 
 SEMIVIVUS, Semianimis. 
 
 SEM'OLA, BULLOCK'S, a farinaceous ar- 
 ticle of diet, which is recommended as highly 
 nutritious and easily digestible, consequently well 
 adapted for infants and invalids, is said to consist 
 of the gluten of wheat, with a small proportion 
 of starch. Semola and Semolina resemble each 
 other greatly. They appear, indeed, to be iden- 
 tical. 
 
 SEMOLI'NA, Manna croiqy. This may be 
 made by grinding wheat in an apparatus, sepa- 
 rating the flour from the middlings, dressing the 
 latter four diiferent times in a bolting mill, and 
 sifting through parchment sieves, until the pro- 
 duct is perfectly freed from bran. In Poland it 
 is called Craeoio groats. 
 
 Semolina is generally imported into England 
 from the Baltic, and in Russia is said to be ma- 
 nufactured from buckwheat. It has a granular 
 form like some kinds of oatmeal, a dingy white 
 colour, a farinaceous, somewhat insipid, taste, 
 and is well adapted for the diet of children affect- 
 ed with derangement of the bowels. A recent 
 analysis makes it consist of the gluten of wheat 
 with a certain proportion of the starch, part of 
 the latter having been removed. 
 
 SEMPERVIVUM ACRE, Sedum. 
 
 Sempervivdm Tecto'ruji, S. majus, House- 
 Leek, Sedum Majus seu Teeto'rnm, A'izoon, Beia- 
 kala/eu, BupTithalmus, Barha Jovis, Sengreen, 
 Agriosiii'ara, Andrachahara, Clirysosper'mum, 
 (F.) Jonharhe des toits. The leaves have a mild, 
 subacid austerity, and are often applied to bruises 
 and old ulcers. 
 
 SEMU^SfCIA, Hemiuneion. 
 
 SENA. Cassia senna. 
 
 SENE, Cassia senna — s. d'Amerique, Cassia 
 Marilandiea — s. Fatix, Colutea arborescens. 
 
 SENEBIERA CORON.OPUS, Cochlearia co- 
 ronopus. 
 
 SENE'CTO, S. vulga'ris, En'g"erum, Corfalon, 
 Erigeron, Groundsel, Fireweed, (F.) Senc(}on corn- 
 man. Fdmily, Corymbifei-ae. Sex. Syst. Synge- 
 nesia Poi3'gamia Superflua. A common plant in 
 Kurope; frequently applied, bruised, to inflam- 
 mations and ulcers, as refrigerant and anti-scor- 
 butic. 
 
 Senecio Hieracifolius, Erechthites hieraci- 
 follaa. 
 
 Senecio Jacob.e'a, Jacobw'a, Sf. James' Wort, 
 Rngu-ort, (Y.) JacoMc. The leaves hav>? a rough- 
 ish, bitter, subacid, and extremely nauseous taste» 
 A decoction has been used in dysentery. A poul- 
 tice of the leaves has been recommended in rheu- 
 matic affections; und a decoction of the root 
 has often been employed in cases of wounds and 
 bruises. 
 
 SENEgON COMMUN, Senecio. 
 
 SENECTA, Seneetus. 
 
 Senec'ta An'guium. The cast skin of a ser- 
 pent. A decoction of it is said to cure deafness! 
 
 Senecta Deceepita, Decrepitude — s. Extre- 
 ma. Decrepitude — s. Summa, Decrepitude — s. 
 Ultima, Decrepitude. 
 
 SENEC'TUS, Senec'ta, from senei-e, ' to be old.' 
 Geras, Se'nium, jEtas seni'lis seu provec'ta seu 
 mala, Old age, Senil'ity, (F.) Viellesse. The last 
 period of life, commencing, according to some, 
 at 60 years of age, but varying according to nu- 
 merous circumstances. It is characterized by 
 progressive diminution of the physical and moral 
 faculties. 
 
 Senectus Ultima, Decrepitude. 
 
 SENEGA, Polygala senega. 
 
 SEN'EGrAL, GUM, Gnmmi Senegalen'se sen 
 Sen'eca seu Sen'ega seu Sen'ica. The exudation 
 from the Aca'cia seu IHmo'sa Senegal — Family, 
 Leguminosse, Sex. Syst. Polygamia Monoecia — 
 which grows in the country of Africa through 
 which the river Senegal runs. It is in loose or 
 single drops, much larger than gum Arabic, or 
 the gum which exudes from the cherry tree ; and 
 is much more difBcult of solution than the former. 
 
 SENEGINE, see Polygala senega. 
 
 SENEKA, Polygala senega. 
 
 SENEVE, Sinapis. 
 
 SENGREEN, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 SENILE, Seni'lis, from senere, ' to be old.' 
 Relating or belonging to old age : — as 'senile de- 
 lirium ;' dotage. 
 
 SENILITY, Senectus. 
 
 SENNA, Cassia senna — s. Alexandrina, Cassia 
 senna — s. American, Cassia Marilandiea — s. Blad- 
 der, Colutea arborescens — s. Essence of, prepared, 
 Selway's, see Infusum sennas compositum — s. 
 Germaniea, Colutea — s. Italica, Cassia senna — s. 
 Prairie, Cassia chamgeerista — s. Wild, Cassia cha- 
 mEeerista, Cassia Marilandiea. 
 
 SENS, Sense. 
 
 SENSA'TION, Sensa'tio, from sentire, sensvnif 
 'to iQoi;' JEsthe'ma. The consciousness or cog- 
 nizance by the brain of an impression caused by 
 an external body on the organs of the senses. (F.) 
 Sentiment. It is not necessarily, however, confined 
 to bodies external to us ; for we can receive an im- 
 pression by touching any part of our own body. The 
 body which communicates the impressions needs 
 but to be external to the part impressed. Sensa- 
 tions are divided into external, internal and mor- 
 bid. The external are communicated by the five 
 organs of the senses. The internal are such as 
 occur within the body, and arise from some alter- 
 ation in the function of the pnrt, for the time 
 being. Hunger and thirst are internal sensa- 
 tions, as well as all the natural wants. Jforbid 
 sensations may be either internal or external. 
 Objec'tive sensations are produced by impressirn? 
 on the peripheral nerves ; as in vision, audition, 
 &c. Subjective sensations, such as originate cen- 
 trically, or in the encephalou, — as tinnitus 
 aurium. 
 
 SENSATIONAL, Sentient. 
 
 SENSE, Sensns, Sen'sio, yEstJie'sis, (F.) Sena. 
 Same etymon as Sensation. A faculty, possessed 
 by animals, of appreciating impressions from ex- 
 ternal objects. The senses are hve in number: 
 sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Of these. 
 
SENSIBILITAS 
 
 784 
 
 SEPTUM 
 
 the first two and the last administer more to the 
 intellect; and, hence, have been called by some, 
 the intellectual senses : the other two seem more 
 destined for the nutrition of the body : and, 
 heuce, have been termed corporeal or nutritive 
 senses. Other senses have been suggested — as 
 the intense sensation experienced during the ve- 
 nereal act; a sense of heat and cold; a muscular 
 sense, a common sense or coensesthesis, &c. 
 
 Sexses, Nervous System of the, Medulla 
 oblongata. 
 
 SENSIBILITAS, Sensibility— s. Anomala, see 
 Irritable — s. Aucta, see Irritable — s. Morbosa, 
 see Irritable. 
 
 SENSIBIL'ITY, SensihiV Has. Same etymon 
 as Sensation; JEsthe'ma. The faculty of receiv- 
 ing impressions, and having the consciousness of 
 them. Bichat defines it as the property possessed 
 by living bodies, of receiving impressions, whe- 
 ther the individual be conscious of them or not. 
 In the former case, where conscious, he calls the 
 sensibility animal : in the latter, where not, he 
 terms it organic. This last is common to vege- 
 tables and animals, and presides over nutrition, 
 absorption, exhalation, secretion, &c. The other 
 does not exist in vegetables : it is the origin of 
 the sensations — olfaction, vision, gustation, audi- 
 tion, thirst, hunger, pain, &c. There are few 
 parts of the animal body, but what are sensible 
 ■ — if not in health — in disease. The free extre- 
 mities of the hair and nails, and the epidermis, 
 are not so. See Insensibility. 
 
 SENSIFEROUS, Sentient. 
 
 SENSIO, Sense. 
 
 SEISrSITORIUM, Sensorium. 
 
 SENSORI-VOLIT"IONAL. A term applied 
 to nervous fibres which pass to and from the ce- 
 rcbro-spinal axis, and are respectively concerned 
 in sensation and volition. 
 
 SENSO'RIAL, Sentient. 
 
 Sensorial Power, according to Dr. Wilson 
 Philip, is composed of the two functions of sen- 
 sation and volition. Dr. Darwin included in it 
 the power of muscular contraction ; but it ought 
 not to be extended to acts in which there is not 
 consciousness. 
 
 SENSO'RIUM, Senso'rinm commu'ne, Or'ganon 
 senso'rium internum, Sensiio'rivm, Empo' rium spi- 
 rituuin, u3Sstliete'rion, Sen'sory. The common 
 centre of sensations. 
 
 SENSORY, Sensorium, Sentient. 
 . Sensory Gang'lia. A name given by Dr. 
 Carpenter to a series of ganglionic masses at the 
 base of the brain, which are in direct communi- 
 cation with the nerves of sensation — as the olfac- 
 tory, optic, auditory and gustatory. 
 
 Sensory Nerves, Nerves of sensation, are so 
 called in contradistinction to Motor nerves. There 
 are general sensory nerves — as those connected 
 with the .posterior part of the spinal marrow, and 
 the fifth pair; and special sensory, as those of the 
 senses. 
 
 SENSUS iEGRITUDINIS, Indisposition— s. 
 Osmometricus, Olfaction — s. Perversus, Pseudces- 
 thesia. 
 
 SEN'TIENT, Sen'tiens, Sen'sory, lde'dg"enous, 
 Senso'rial, Sensa' tional, Sensif erous. Feeling, 
 causing feeling. 
 
 Sentient Extremities op Nerves are their 
 minute terminations in the organs. 
 
 :^ENTIMENT, see Sensation. 
 
 SEPARATO'RIUM, from separo, '1 separate.' 
 A surgical instrument, for separating the pericra- 
 nidm from the skull. 
 
 A Sep'aratory, Vitrum Hypoclep'ticum, is a 
 pharmaceutical vessel for separating fluids of dif- 
 ferent densities frova. each other. 
 
 SEPEDOGENESIS, Sepedonogenesis, 
 
 SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS, Sepedogen'esis, from 
 anT^ebij)v, ' putrescency,' and yivcais, 'generation.' 
 A septic disposition or tendency; such as is met 
 with in typhus gravior. 
 
 SEPBS, Sa'pes, 'A hedge,' 'a row:' as Sepes 
 seu Se'ries seu Pecten den'tium : — a row of teeth. 
 
 Sepes Dentidm, See Sepes. 
 
 SBPHIRUS, Scleriasis. 
 
 SE'PIA, *S'. ofjicina'lis, Se'pium, Cuttle-Fish, 
 (F.) SeeJie. The osseous part of the cuttle-fish — 
 PrcBcip'itans mag'num — has been used as an ab- 
 sorbent, and is often added to tooth-powders. 
 
 SEPLASIA'RIUS. A name formerly given to 
 one who sold perfumes, ointments, &c. It is 
 derived from Se2}lasia, the name of a public place 
 at Capua, where such preparations were fre- 
 quently sold. A druggist. 
 
 SEPSICHYMIA, Septochymia. 
 
 SEPSIS, Putrefaction. 
 
 SEPT^'MIA; from (rrnrro;, 'rotten,' and 'aiua, 
 'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood pro- 
 duced by septic or putrid matters. 
 
 SEPTANA FEBRIS, Fever septan. 
 
 SEP'TENARY, Septena'rius, (F.) SejMnaire, 
 from septera, ' seven.' ' Consisting of seven.' 
 The septenary years of the old believers in cri- 
 tical periods were times at which, it was sup- 
 posed, important changes might be expected to 
 take place. The grand climacteric was fixed at 
 63, and it was considered that if a person passed 
 that age, he had well-founded expectations that 
 his life might be protracted to 90. 
 
 SEPTENNIAD, Climacteric, (years.) 
 
 SEPTFOIL, UPRIGHT, Tormentilla. 
 
 SEPTIC, Sep'ticus, Septus, from ctjttciv, ' to 
 rot,' arjTrros, 'rotten.' That which produces pu- 
 trefaction. A substance which corrodes and dis- 
 organizes the soft parts without causing much 
 pain. 
 
 Septic Poison, see Poison. 
 
 SEPTICEMIA, Septcemia. 
 
 SEPTIMESTRIS FOETUS, see Foetus septi- 
 mestris. 
 
 SEPTINERVIA, Plantago. 
 
 SEPTOCHYM'IA, Sepsichym'ias from ati^^n, 
 'putrefaction,' and Xvjxos, 'juice.' Putrefaction 
 or putrescency of the humours. 
 
 SEPTOPYRA, Typhus gravior. 
 
 SEPT'ULUM; diminutive of sejitum, 'a. parti- 
 tion.' A division between small spaces or cavi- 
 ties — as the se2)tula or fibrous cords given off by 
 the mediastinum testis to be inserted into the in- 
 ner surface of the tunica albuginea. 
 
 SEPTUM, (F.) Cloison. A part intended to 
 separate two cavities from each other, or to di- 
 vide a principal cavity into several secondary 
 cavities. 
 
 These septa are numerous in the human body. 
 The chief are the following : — 
 
 Septum Cerebelli, Falx cerebelli — s. Cerebri, 
 Falx cerebri — s. Cochleee auditoriffi, Lamina spi- 
 ralis. 
 
 Septum Cordis, Septum me'dium cordis. The 
 partition which separates the two ventricles of 
 the heart. 
 
 Septum Encephali, Tentorium. 
 
 Septum Lu'cidum sen pclluci'dum seu fen'ite ct 
 pellucidum seu medium seu Spec'ulum Incidum 
 seu Lapis sptecida'ris seu Ilediasti'num seu Dia- 
 phragma ventriculo' rum latern'lium cer'ehri, Spe- 
 culum, (F.) Septum median, (Ch.) Cloison trans- 
 parente. The soft portion or medullary sub- 
 stance, which separ.ites the two lateral ventricles 
 of the brain from each other. This septum is 
 composed of two laminaj; between which a small 
 cavity exists, filled by a serous fluid, and called 
 the Fossa of Syl'vius, 5th ventricle of Cuvier, Sinu» 
 of the median septum, (Ch.) T^he brothers Wen- 
 
SEPTUM 
 
 735 
 
 SERUM 
 
 zol are of opinion that this cavity is lined by a 
 peculiar membrane. 
 
 SEPTUM MEDIAN, S. lucidum— s. Median 
 du cervelet, Falx eerebelli — s. Medium cerebri, S. 
 • lucidum. 
 
 Septum Na'bium, Interseptum seu Di^sepimen'- 
 titin seu Interfi'nium seu Discri'men seu Imbrex 
 seu Diaphrac/'ma na'rium, (F.) Cloiaon des Posses 
 iiasales. The partition between the nares. It is 
 formed by the vomer, the perpendicular plate of 
 tile ethmoid bone, and a cartilage of a triangular 
 shape. These parts are lined by the pituitary 
 membrane, which receives a considerable number 
 of nerves and vessels. 
 
 Septum Nasi, see Nares. 
 
 Septum Parvum Occipitale, Fals eerebelli — 
 E. Pectiniforme, see Cavernous bodies — s. Pellu- 
 cidum, S. Lucidum — s. Scalae, Lamina spiralis — 
 s. Staphylin, Velum pendulum palati — s. Tenue 
 et pellucidum, S. lucidum — s. Thoracis, Medias- 
 tinum — s. r)-a)i«!/e)-«e, Tentorium — s. Transver- 
 sum. Diaphragm — s. Vestibuli nervoso-membra- 
 naceum, see Labyrinth. 
 
 SEPTUS, Septieus. 
 
 SEPUM, Sevum. 
 
 SEQUES'TRUM, from sequestra, ' I separate.' 
 The portion of bone, in necrosis, which is dead, 
 and separated from the living bone ; acting, whilst 
 retained, as an extraneous body. When the se- 
 questrum is superficial and small, it is called 
 Ej:/olia'twn. 
 
 SERAPEUM, Syrup. 
 
 SERAPINON, Sagapenum. 
 
 SERAPIUM. Syrup. 
 
 SERBET. Soherbet. 
 
 SER'ICUM, Silk; from ^e;-es— the Thibetans 
 probably — from whom it was first obtained. 
 (F.) Suie. The thread spun by the Bomhyx 
 Mori or Silkworm. Silk is used by surgeons for 
 ligatures, &c. 
 
 Sericuh Anglicum, see Sparadrapum adhsesi- 
 vum. 
 
 SERIES PENTIUM, see Sepes. 
 
 SERIEUX, Serious. 
 
 SERfXGUE, Syringe. 
 
 SEPi-IOLA, Cichoriura intybus. 
 
 SE'RIOUS, (F.) Serieux, Grave. A term ap- 
 plied to a disease, Pyspathi'a, Ilorhns gravis, and 
 to a symptom that is attended with danger. 
 
 SERIS, Ciehorium intybus. 
 
 SERMOUNTAIN, Laserpitium album. 
 
 SERO-COLITIS, see Colitis. 
 
 SERO-CYSTIC, Sero-cyst'icus. An epithet to 
 tumours of the female breast, which consist, in 
 the first stage, of one or more membranous cysts, 
 produced perhaps by dilatation of portions of the 
 lactiferous tubes. 
 
 SERO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis. 
 
 SER'OLIN, from serum, ' whey.' A fatty mat- 
 ter detected in the blood by Boudet, Lecanu, 
 Sanson, and others. 
 
 SEROSITE, Serum. 
 
 SEROSITY, Serum. 
 
 SEROUS, Sero'siis, (F.) Sereux. Thin ; watery. 
 'Relating to the most watery portion of animal 
 fluids, or to membranes that secrete them. See 
 Serum. 
 
 Serous Layer, see Taehe emhryonnaire. 
 
 Serous Membranes, Membranes, serous. 
 
 SERPEDO, Psoriasis. 
 
 SERPENT, Serpens, Anguis, Ophis ; from 
 serpo, ' I creep.' A snake. 
 
 Snake Broth was, at one time, recommended 
 as a restorative. 
 
 Many serpents are venomous : and the bites of 
 some fatal. See Poisons, Table of. 
 
 SERPENTAIRE NOIRE, Actaa racemosa. 
 
 SERPENTARIA, Aristolochia serpentaria — 
 50 
 
 s. Gallorum, Arum dracunculus — s. Hispanica, 
 Scorzonera — s. Minor, Arum maculatum — s. Ni- 
 gra, Aetata racemosa. 
 
 SERPENTARIA BRAZILIENSIS RADIX, 
 Caincje radix. 
 
 SERPENTIN, see Alembic. 
 
 SERPENTINE, Ophites. 
 
 SERPENTINUS, Ophites. 
 
 SERPES, Herpes. 
 
 SERPIG"INOUS, from serpere, 'to creep.' 
 An epithet given to certain affections, which 
 creep, as it were, from one part to another, — 
 'Serpiginous erysipelas,' (F.) Erysipele serpigi- 
 neux. 
 
 SERPIGO, Herpes circinatus, Lichen pso- 
 riasis. 
 
 SERPILLUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 SERPOLET, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 SERPULLUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 SERPYLLUM, Thymus serpyllum — s. Citra- 
 tum, see Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 SERRA, Saw — s. Amputatoria, Saw, amputa- 
 tion — s. Versatilis, Trepan. 
 
 SERRAT'ULA AMA'RA, Family, Cynaroce- 
 phalea3. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia aequa- 
 lis. A species of Sawwort, recommended in 
 ague. 
 
 Serratula Behen, Centaurea behcn. 
 
 SERRATUS ANTICUS MINOR, Pectoralis 
 minor — s. Major, Serratus magnus. 
 
 Serra'tus Magnus. So called from its ser- 
 rated appearance ; from serra, ' a saw.' Serratus 
 major anti'cus, Serratus major, (F.) Costobasi- 
 scapulaire, Costo-scapulnire, (Ch.,) Grand dentele. 
 A very broad (especially anteriorly,) thin, flat, 
 irregularly quadrilateral muscle, situate at the 
 sides of the thorax. It is attached, before, to 
 the external surface of the first 8 or 9 ribs, by as 
 many distinct digitations ; and, behind, to the 
 spinal edge of the scapula. The superior fibres 
 are almost horizontal ; the lower become gradu- 
 ally more and more oblique upwards and back- 
 wards. This muscle carries the scapula forwards, 
 and causes it to execute a movement of rotation, 
 which directs its inferior angle forwards, and the 
 anterior upwards. When the shoulder is fixed, 
 it raises the ribs. 
 
 Serratus Posti'cus Inferior, (F.) Dorso- 
 lombo-eostal, Lombo-costal, (Ch.,) Petit dentele 
 posterieur et inferieur. A broader and thinner 
 muscle than the following, but nearly of the 
 same shape. It is situate obliquely at the lower 
 part of the back ,• and extends from the spinous 
 processes of the last two or three dorsal verte- 
 brtB, and the first two or three lumbar, to the 
 inferior margin of the last four false ribs. This 
 muscle depresses the ribs, and thus concui-s in 
 expiration. It is an antagonist to the next. 
 
 Serratus Posti'cus Supe'rioe, (F.) Cervici- 
 dorso-costal, Dorso-costal, (Ch.) Petit dentele su- 
 perieur. A flat, thin, quadrilateral muscle : 
 situate obliquely at the posterior inferior part of 
 the neck, and the superior part of the back. It 
 passes from the jiosterior cervical ligament, the 
 spinous process of the last cervical vertebra; 
 from the spinous processes of the first two or 
 three dorsal, to the second, third, fourth, and 
 fifth ribs ; into which it is inserted by as many 
 digitations. It raises the ribs, and is, conse- 
 quently, an inspiratory muscle. 
 
 SERTULA CAMPANA, Trifolium melilotus. 
 SERUM, Sperm. 
 
 Serum, 'whey.' Orrhos, Oros, Seros'ity, (F.) 
 Serosite. The most watery portion of animal 
 fluids, exhaled by serous membranes. It is a 
 constituent part of blood, milk, &c. 
 
 Serum of the ' Blood, Ha'mydor, Orr'io$, 
 Ichor saii'guivis, (F.) Serum du Sang,, is tl)9 
 
SERUM 
 
 786 
 
 SEVUM 
 
 Hqnid which separates from the blood, when 
 coagulated at rest. It is of a greenish-yellow 
 colour ; viscid, slightly coagulable by heat, acids, 
 and alcohol. It is composed of water ; chloride 
 of sodium ; certain phosphates; and albumen, 
 constantly united to soda, almost in a sapona- 
 ceous combination. 
 
 The fluid which exudes from the albumen of 
 the serum of the blood, when coagulated by heat, 
 is by some called seroiity. 
 
 StRUMBU SANG, S. of the blood. 
 
 Serum Lactis, Aqua lantis ; Serum of 
 Milk, Whey, (F.) Sernm du lait. Petit lait. 
 That part of milk, from which the butter and 
 caseous matter have been separated. It is a 
 transparent, citrine-coloured liquid, containing 
 sugar of milk, mucilage, acetic acid, phosphate 
 of lime, and some other saline substances. It 
 is used as a slightly nutritious diluent and refri- 
 gerant. 
 
 Serum Lactis Hoffmak'ni, (F.) Petit-lait 
 d'Hoffmann, is a name given to the liquid re- 
 gjlting from treating with boiling water milk 
 which has been evaporated to an almost solid 
 consistence. It is not much used. 
 
 Rennet Whey is made thus : mille 2 pints : 
 r '.nnet ^ss, infused in a little hot water; mix and 
 keep in a gentle heat for some hours, then strain. 
 — Gray. 
 
 Serum op Serous Membranes, Serum mem- 
 hranarum serosa' rum, Water of Dropsy, (F.) 
 SSrum des membranes sereuses, JSau des hydro- 
 jjiques. It resembles the serum of the blood, — 
 especially in cases of hydrocele. The water of 
 hydrothorax and ascites contains much less al- 
 bumen : — sometimes enough to coagulate on the 
 application of heat: at others, not. 
 
 SERVICE, MOUNTAIN, Sorbus acuparia — 
 g Tree, Sorbus domestica. 
 
 SERVIETTE EN CARRE, Couvrechef 
 
 SES'AMOID, Sesamo'i'des, Sesamo'des, Sesa- 
 nwideus, from ariaaiAtj, *a grain of sesamum,' and 
 tiiog, ' resemblance.' 
 
 Sesamoid Bones, Osea seu Ossic'ula sesamo'i- 
 &ea, are small bones, situate in the substance of 
 t«ndons, near certain joints. Their number is 
 various. They are commonly more in the male 
 than female. Two are constantly met with be- 
 neath the metatarso-phalangal articulations of 
 ithe great toe. Sometimes, the articulations of 
 other bones of the metartarsus with the pha- 
 ^angea of the toes have them likewise. In the 
 hand there are two before the metacarpo-pha- 
 langal joint of the thumb. At times, they are 
 met with in the other metacarpo-phalangal arti- 
 culations. Occasionally, two exist behind the 
 condyles of the femur, in the tendons of the 
 .gastroenemii muscles. A considerable os sesa- 
 moideum is also met with in the tendon of the 
 peronaeus longus. These bones are commonly 
 round, and flattened only on one surface, which 
 is inerusted with cartilage. Their size is very 
 variable, according to the joints in which they 
 exist. Traces of sesamoid bones are not ob- 
 served in infants : in them, they are replaced by 
 rmall, cartilaginous concretions. They are de- 
 veloped by a single point of ossification : and 
 .are, like the patella (which is a true sesamoid 
 r>one,) composed of much cellular substance, 
 covered by a thin layer of compact tissue. The 
 i<ee of these bones is, — to allow the tendon to be 
 inserted into the lever at a greater angle ; and 
 thus enable the power to act more advanta- 
 pvousl}-. ' 
 
 Riolan has given the name Ossa scsnmo'idea to 
 t\''0 bony points sometimes met with ; — the one 
 attho outer side of the carotid canal of the tem- 
 
 poral hone ; and the other at the edge of the 
 cavernous sinus, at the side of the internal caro- 
 tid artery. 
 
 SESAMUM, see Sesamum orientale. 
 
 Ses'asium Orienta'le, <S^. edu'le seu oleif'erum, 
 Benne, Oily Grain. The seeds of this African 
 plant are cultivated in Greorgia and South Caro- 
 lina, where the negroes use them with Indian corn 
 as an article of food. They yield a larger propor- 
 tion of oil than any other vegetable ; one hundred 
 weight producing ninety pounds of oil, which is, 
 at least, equal to Florence oil. 
 
 Benne oil, Oleum Ses'ami, is used in the South- 
 ern States as a laxative. The leaves — Sesa- 
 mum (Ph. U. S.) — afford, by infusion, an excel- 
 lent mucilage. 
 
 SESCUN'CIA, Sesquiun'cia, Semiol'ion. An 
 ounce and a half. See Sesqui. 
 
 SESELI, Laserpitium siler — s. ^gopodium, 
 Ligusticum podagraria — s. Annuum, S. tortuo- 
 sum — s. Carum, Carum — s. Carvi, Carum — s. 
 Creticum, Tordylum ofiBcinale — s. Foeniculifo- 
 lium, Sison ammi — s. Graveolens, Apium grave- 
 olens — s. Meum, ^thusa meum — s. Patens, S. 
 tortuosum — s. Pratense, Peucedanum silaus — ». 
 des Pres, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
 Ses'eli Tortuo'sum, Seseli Ifassilien'se seii 
 an'nuum seu patens, (Enan'the stria' la rig"ida, 
 JIartwort of Marseilles. The seeds have a warm 
 taste; and a greater degree of pungency than 
 those of Laserpitium siler, which is the Seseli of 
 the Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 SESQUI. This word, joined with any num- 
 ber," weight, measure, &e., signifies one and a 
 half; as sesquiyrainim, ' a grain and half.' 
 
 SESQUIUNCIA, Sescuncia. 
 
 SETA EQUI'NA, 'a horse's hair.' Hairworm, 
 Helmin'thns Gor'dii. A kind of worm, found in 
 stagnant water, from 4 to 6 inches long, and 
 twisted into various knots and contortions; co- 
 lour pale-brown, with dark extremities. It is 
 common in the intestines of the Laplanders; 
 cavising the Col'iea Lappon'ica, in which the gri- 
 pings are, at times, exceedingly severe. 
 
 SETA'CEUM, Seto, Seton, from seta, 'a bristle.' 
 A long strip of fine linen or cotton twist, passed 
 through the skin and areolar membrane, to keep 
 up an issue ; or through suppurating cavities, 
 between the fragments of fractured bones, Ac, 
 to fulfil certain indications. The term is, also, 
 applied to the issue so established. The opera- 
 tion is simple. It consists in laying hold of a 
 fold of skin, and passing a seton-needle through 
 it, with the thread attached. Every day a fresh 
 portion of the thread is drawn through the sore. 
 Setons are established in many diseases; — in 
 obstinate ophthalmipe, cephalalgias ; epilepsy, 
 thoracic and abdominal affections, &c. ; but they 
 are not as much used as formerly. 
 
 SETARIA ROCCELLA, Lichen roccella. 
 
 SETFAST, see Furunculus. 
 
 SETO, Setaceum. 
 
 SETON, Setaceum. 
 
 SETTERWORT, Helleborus foetidns. 
 
 SEVADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla. 
 
 SEVATIO, Steatoma. 
 
 SJiVE, Sap. 
 
 SEVRAGE, Weaning. 
 
 SEVUM, Pingucdo. 
 
 SEVUJf, Sebum, Scpum, Stcar, Adeps oi-il'li, 
 Seviim vervcci'tiiim. Suet, mutton suet; Pui- 
 guedo. 
 
 Sr.voM PrtF.para'tum, Sevum (Ph. U. S.), — 
 Oiu'l'li Se>:um Prcepara'tum, Prepared Suei, 
 (F.) Graisse dc Mouton, Suif, is formed by 
 cutting suet in pieces; melting over a slow fire, 
 and straining through linen. It is emollieat, 
 
SEX 
 
 787 
 
 SIBBENS 
 
 and 13 sometimes boiled in milk (§ij to Oj), 
 and is used in diarrhoea and dysentery. Its 
 principal employment is in the formation of 
 plasters. 
 
 Sevujt Yekvecixuit, Sevuin. 
 SEX, Sexm, Genos, Physis. The physical dif- 
 ference between male and female in animals and 
 vegetables; — as the Male sex, Sexiis po'tior sen 
 for'tior seu vtri'lis ; and the Female sex, 
 Sexiis seq'uior, S. mulie'hris, Alter Sexus, ' The 
 Sex.' 
 
 SEXTANS, Sextapars librm. The sixth part 
 of a pound. — Galen. 
 
 SEXTA'RIUS. An ancient measure for li- 
 quid and solid substances. See Weights and 
 Measures. 
 
 SEX'TDLA, Hexagium, 'e^ayiov. The sixth 
 part of an ounce. 
 
 SEX'UAL, Sexxia'lis, from sextis, 'sex.' That 
 which relates to the sex ; which characterizes the 
 sex. 
 
 Sexual Diseases, Morhi sexua'lea, are the dis- 
 eases of the genital organs ; as Sexual Func- 
 tions are the genital functions. 
 
 Sexual Intercourse, Coition — s. Organs, 
 Genital organs. 
 
 SEXUS, Sex — s. Alter, see Sex — s. Fortior, 
 see Sex — s. Muliebris, see Sex — s. Potior, see 
 Sex — s. Sequior, see Sex — s. Virilis, see Sex. 
 SEYDSCHUTZ WATER, Sedlitz water. 
 SHALLOT, Echalotte. 
 
 SHAMPOO'IXG, Massing, (F.) Massage, 
 Massement. A Hindoo process, which consists 
 in pressing the body of the bather in a peculiar 
 manner: cracking the various joints, and em- 
 ploying blows and friction. 
 
 ' Kneading' consists in pressing alternately 
 upon a part of the body to arouse the muscles to 
 more energetic action. It is employed at times 
 in dyspepsia. 
 
 SHAMROCK, IXDIAN, Trillium latifolium— 
 s. Water, Menyanthes verna. 
 SHANKER. Chancre. 
 
 SHAROX SPRINGS, NEW YORK. These 
 springs, which are situate about 10 or 12 miles 
 south of Canajoharie, N. Y., and 45 miles west 
 of Albany, are much frequented. They contain, 
 according to the analysis of Dr. Chilton, sulphate 
 of magnesia, sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, 
 chloride of magnesium, sulphohydrate of sodium, 
 sulphohydrate of calcium, vegetable extractive 
 matter, and free sulphohydric acid gas. Their 
 temperature is 48° Fahr. 
 SHEATH. Vagina. 
 SHEEP POISON, Kalmia latifolia, 
 SHELLBARK. see Hickory. 
 SHELL FLOWER, Trillium latifolium — s. 
 Liquid, see Calcis murias — s. Membrane, Mem- 
 brana testas. 
 
 SHEPHERD'S PURSE, Thlaspi bursa. 
 SHERBET, Scherbet — s. Orange, see Syrupus 
 aurantii. 
 
 SHERMAN'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm 
 lozenges. Sherman's. 
 
 SHERRY, Sack, see Wine. 
 SHIELD. WATER, Nelumbium luteum. 
 SHIN, O'erea, Crista tib'i'cB. The spine or 
 anterior part of the tibia or leg. It is, also, called 
 Ant)cne'y?iio». and Crea. 
 
 SHINGLES, Herpes zoster. 
 SHIP FEVER, see Typhus. 
 SHOCK, see Concussion. 
 
 SHORT, Sax. j-eeojit;, from pcijian, 'to cut, to 
 shear,' shored, sJior'd, short, (F. ) Court. A word 
 used, by anatomists, in opposition to long/ and 
 to distinguish parts from each other that have 
 otherwise the same name. 
 
 Shoet Bones, for example, axe those in which 
 
 the three dimensions — length, breadth, and thick- 
 ness — are nearly alike ; such are the vertebrae, 
 bones of the carpus, tarsus, &c. 
 Short Ribs, see Costa. 
 SHORTSIGHTED, Myopic. 
 SHORTSIGHTEDNESS, Myopia. 
 SHORTWINDED, Pursy. 
 SHOTBUSH, Aralia spinosa. 
 SHOULDER-BLADE, Scapula. 
 SHOVEL PICKEREL WEED, Unisema del- 
 tlfolia — s. Pond, Unisema deltlfoiia. 
 SHOW, see Parturition. 
 SHOW-CHOO, see Spirit. 
 SHOWER-BATH, see Bath. 
 SHRUB, perhaps, from Arabic, sharah, 'syrup.' 
 A compound of spirits, lemon-juice, and sugar. 
 
 Shrub, Sweet, Calycanthus — s. Sweet-scented, 
 Calvcanthus. 
 
 SHUD'DERING, Frem'iius, Phryag'ma, from 
 (G.) Schauder, Schauer, {¥.) Fremissement, 
 Tressaillement. A peculiar sensation, felt either 
 externally or internally ; and which seems to be 
 the result of a spasmodic movement of the parts 
 in which it occurs. A slight feeling of cold 
 sometimes accompanies it. It is, at times, the 
 result of a moral cause, and is often the precur- 
 sor of shivering. 
 
 SHUMAC, Rhus eoriaria. 
 SIAGANTRI'TIS, from Biaywv, 'the jaw,' 
 avrpov, ' a cavity,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the lining membrane of 
 the antrum of Highmore. 
 SIAGON, Maxillary bone. 
 SIAGO'NAGRA, from aiayuv, 'the jaw,' and 
 aypa, ' a seizure.' Arthri' t is maxilla' ris. A gouty 
 or rheumatic affection of the joint of the lower 
 jaw. 
 
 SIALACHUS, Salivation. 
 
 SIAL'AGOGUE, Sialago'gus, Sial'ogogue,Pty- 
 al'agogue, Ptyas'magugue, SaU'vans, Saliva'tum, 
 Sialocinet'icus, Apojjhlegmat' isans 2>er os, (F.) 
 Salivanf; from (7ia\ov, 'saliva,' and aydi, 'I ex- 
 pel.' That which provokes the secretion of saliva. 
 Pj'rethrum and mercury are sialogogues. Siala- 
 gogues may be of two kinds, — those which act 
 through the circulation, and those which act im- 
 mediately on the salivary organs. Mercury be- 
 longs to the former, — pyrethrum to the latter- 
 class. The chief sialagogues are armoraci, cala- 
 mus, mezereum, pyrethrum, tabaeum, and zin- 
 giber. 
 
 SIAL'ICA, from cnaXov, 'saliva.' Medicines, 
 which affect the salivary glands. — Pereir.a. 
 SIALISMUS, Salivation. 
 SIALOCINETICUS, Sialagogue. 
 SIALOLITHI, Calculi, salivary, 
 SIALOLOG"IA, from ataXov, 'saliva,' and 
 Xoyo;, ' a discourse.' A treatise on saliva. 
 SIALOMA, Saliva. 
 SIALON, Saliva. 
 SIALORRHCEA, Salivation. 
 SIALOS'CHESIS, from (riaAov, 'saliva,' and 
 o-^ftrtf, 'retention.' Retention or suppression of 
 the saliva. 
 
 SIALOSYRINGES, Salivary fistulse. 
 SIALOZEMIA, Salivation — s. Mercuriali«, 
 Salivation, mercurial. 
 
 SIAMESE TWINS, see Twins, Siamese. 
 SIBARE, Phrenitis. 
 
 SIBBENS, Sivvens, Framhce'sia Sco'tica. Aii 
 infectious disease in the mountainous parts of 
 Scotland, viewed to be of the venereal kinvi. 
 Siioin, in the Keltic, means raspberry ; and it ih 
 said that, in this affection, fungi appear like rasp- 
 berries. From siioin, the inhabitants have mado 
 sievin, sihben, sibhens, and sivvens. By some, 
 this affection is regarded as a complication of tbo 
 
SIBILANT 
 
 788 
 
 SILE]S"E 
 
 venereal and itch. In the Orkneys, sibhena 
 means itch. — Jamieson. 
 
 SIBILANT, Sib'ilus, Sib' Hans, from sibilo, ' I 
 Kiss or whistle.' Making a hissing or whistling 
 sound. See Rale sibilant. 
 
 SIBILISMUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium. 
 • SIBILUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium. 
 . SICCAN'TIA, from siccare, 'to dry.' Xeran'- 
 tiea, (F.) Siecatifs. Drying medicines. — Galen. 
 
 SiccANTiA, Desiccativa. 
 
 SICGATIFS, Siccantia. 
 
 SICCATIO, Drying. 
 
 SICCHA'SIA, aiK'xaaia, ' disgust.' A distress- 
 ing disgust for food ; such as is experienced by 
 ivomen with child. 
 
 SICIL'ICUM. A Roman weight of about two 
 drachms. 
 
 SICK, Sax. feoe, ^ger, ^gro'tus, Nos'eros, 
 Noso'des, Jacens, Laborio' sua, Lahorans, (F.) Ma- 
 lade. Labouring under disease. Such is its accep- 
 tation in old English, and generally in the United 
 States. In England, it most commonly means, — 
 affected with disorder of the stomach or nausea. 
 
 A sick person, uSger, JEgro'tus, (F.) Malade, 
 who is under the charge of a physician is said to 
 be a patient, or the patient of the physician. At 
 times, but rarely, patient is used for a sick per- 
 son in the abstract. 
 
 Sick Stomach, Milk sickness. 
 
 SICKLY, Morbo'sus, Yaletudina'rius, Adyn'- 
 atos, JVosac'eros, Noso'des, ilorbose, (F.) Maludif, 
 One who is subject to be sick, or is in feeble 
 health. 
 
 SICKNESS, Disease — s. Falling, Epilepsy — 
 6. River, Milk sickness — s. of the Stomach, Vo- 
 miting — s. Swamp, Milk sickness. 
 
 SICLIUM, Sicilicum. 
 
 SICUA, Cupping-glass. 
 
 SICULA, Beta, Penis. 
 
 SICYEDON, Cauledon. 
 
 SIDA ABUTILON, Abutilon cordatum. 
 
 SIDE, PAIN IN THE, Pleurodynia. 
 
 SIDERA'TIO, Sydera'tio, Sidera'tion, from 
 eidua, 'a star;' because the condition was thought 
 to be produced by the influence of the stars. The 
 Btate of one struck suddenly, without apparent 
 cause, and as if by the influence of the stars or 
 planets — Planet-atrucJc. The ancients comprised, 
 imder this name, difi'erent morbid conditions, 
 «5uch as paralysis, apoplexy, and gangrene. 
 
 SiDERATio, Apoplexy, Asphyxia, Phrenitis — 
 s. Ossis, Spina ventosa. 
 
 SIDERATION, Astrobolismos, Sideratio. 
 
 SIDERION, Ferramentum. 
 
 SIDERITES, Magnet. 
 
 SIDERITIS, Magnet, Teucrium chamsepitys. 
 
 SIDEROS, Ferrum. 
 
 SIDEROXYLON, Chrysophyllum cainito. 
 
 SIDHEE, see Gunjah. 
 
 SIDMOUTH (CLIMATE OF). Sidmouth is 
 in Devonshire, England, on the sea-beach, at 
 the mouth of the Sid. It is much frequented by 
 invalids, both during the summer and winter. 
 The climate is, however, damp, and subject to 
 eea-fogs. 
 
 SIEOE, Anus. 
 
 SIELISMOS, Salivation. 
 
 SIELON, Saliva. 
 
 SIEVE, see Cribration — s. Drum, see Cribra- 
 tion. 
 
 SIFFLEMENT (F.), from sifflcr, • to whistle.' 
 Whistling. 
 
 STEELE MEN T MOB ULE, Chant dea artlrea, 
 limit musical, 'modulated whistling, or music of 
 the arteries.' A kind of sound heard on auscul- 
 tation, resembling, at times, the humming of cer- 
 Ut,ia uiseets. 
 
 The sound is chiefly met with in those Isibour- 
 ing under chlorosis. 
 
 SIGAULTIAN SECTION, Symphyseotomy. 
 
 SIGE, Taciturnity. 
 
 SIGH, Suspirium. 
 
 SIGHT, Vision — s. Askew, Dysopia lateralis 
 — s. False, Metamorphopsia, Pseudoblepsia — s. 
 Feebleness of. Amblyopia. 
 
 SIGILLUM SALAMONIS, Convallaria poly- 
 gonatum — s. Virginitatis, Hymen. 
 
 SIGMATOID, Sigmoid. 
 
 SIGMOID, Siymoid'al, Sig'matoid, Sigmo'i'dea, 
 Sigmo'des, Sigmo'i'deua. That which has the 
 form of the Greek S or C j from sigma, and u6os, 
 'resemblance.' 
 
 Sigmoid Cabtilages, Semilunar cartib.ges. 
 
 Sigmoid Cavities or Fossae of the Ulna, (F.) 
 Cavites on Fosses sigmo'ides, are two notches at 
 the upper part of that bone, — one for the recep- 
 tion of the hnmerus ; the other for that of the 
 radius. 
 
 Sigmoid Flexure of the Colon, Flexu'ra 
 sigmo'i'dea, is a turn the colon takes immediately 
 before its termination in the rectum. 
 
 Sigmoid or Semilunar Valves, Yalvula Sig- 
 mo'i'dea, Proces'sus Sigmo'i'des, (F.) Valvules sig- 
 mo'idea ou eemilunaires, are three valvular folds, 
 at the commencement of the pulmonary artery 
 and aorta. These valves have the form of a 
 crescent, when applied against the parietes of 
 the vessel. When the blood is sent from the 
 ventricles by their contraction, the valves are 
 applied against the sides of the vessel ; but, dur- 
 ing the diastole of the ventricle, they are de- 
 pressed, and prevent the blood from returning to 
 the heart. At the middle of the convexity of 
 each valve is a small, hard, triangular granulura, 
 called Corpus' culmn seu Glob'ulua Aran'tii, which 
 completely closes up the passage. It is, also, 
 called Cofpusculum Morgagn'ii, and C. Sesamoi'- 
 deum, (F.) Globule d'Arantius. 
 
 SIGN, Signum, Semi'on, (F.) Sigrte. - Any 
 present or past circumstance, afforded by the ex- 
 amination of a patient, or of matters concerning 
 him, whence a conclusion may be drawn regard- 
 ing the nature and seat of his disease. The phe- 
 nomena which precede the disease are called an- 
 amnes'tie or commem'orative eigns ; — those which 
 accompany it are termed diagnos'tic, if they 
 reveal the nature or seat of the disease, — pro- 
 gnos'tio, when they indicate its probable duration 
 and termination. 
 
 SIGNA ASSIDENTIA, see Assidens. 
 
 SIG'NATURE, Signatu'ra, Signa'tio, froa 
 signum, 'a sign;' Ejyisphagism'os. This term 
 was applied in the Eastern countries, in the 
 middle ages, to mystic characters of good or bad 
 augury, with which it was pretended that every 
 one was marked by the star under which he was 
 born. 
 
 Signatures op Plants meant certain peculia- 
 rities in their external formation or colour, which 
 indicated that they were adapted for particular 
 diseases : — as in the case of the Lungwort, Lirer- 
 loort, <fec. 
 
 SIGNES AVANT-COUREURS, Precursory 
 signs — s. Prieurseura, Precursory signs. 
 
 SIGNUM, see Parturition — s. Charaeteristi- 
 cum, see Pathognomonic — s. Conjunctum, see 
 Pathognomonic — s. Diacriticum, see Diacritica 
 sigma — s. Morbi essentiale, see Pathognomonic. 
 
 SILACH, Silac. An Arabic word, used to 
 designate thickening of the eyelids, Crassit"ica 
 Palpebra'rum ; and, also. Alopecia. — Forestus, 
 Stephanus. 
 
 SILENCE, see Murmur, respiratory. 
 SILENE CRASSIFOLIA, Cucubalus behen— 
 
SILER 
 
 789 
 
 SINUS 
 
 8. Inflata, Cucubalus behen — s. Thorei, Cucuba- 
 lus behen. 
 
 Sile'ne Virgin'ica, Ground Pink, Wild Pink, 
 Catch Fly. The root has been employed, in de- 
 coction, as an efiBcaeious anthelmintic. 
 
 SILER LANCIFOLIUM, Laserpitium siler 
 
 — s. Montanum, Laserpitium siler. 
 SIL'IQUA, Cera'tion ; the carat. A weight 
 
 of about four grains. A pod. 
 
 SiLiQUA Arabica, Tamarindus — s. Araci aro- 
 matici, see Vanilla — s. Banillse, see Vanilla — s. 
 Dulcis, Ceratonium siliqua — s. Vanigliaj, see Va- 
 nUla — s. Vanillise, see Vanilla. 
 
 SILIQUASTRUMPLINII,Capsieumannuum. 
 
 SILK, Sericum — s. Weed, Aselepias Sullivan- 
 tii, Aselepias tuberosa — s. Weed, common, Asele- 
 pias Syriaca — s. Worm, see SSricum. 
 
 SLLLON, Sulcus — s. Horizontal de la veine 
 ombilicale, see Liver — s. Transversale, see Liver 
 
 — s. de la Veine cave inferieur, see Liver — «. de 
 la Veine porte, see Liver. 
 
 SILO, Camus. 
 
 SILPHIUM, Laserpitium. 
 
 Sil'phi0M Peefolia'tum, Ciq) Plant, Turjjen- 
 tine Srm Floicer, and 
 
 Silph'ium Terebinthina'ceum, Pra'irie Bur- 
 dock, Rosin Weed ; Nat. Order, Compositae ; in- 
 digenous in Ohio and Michigan, and flowering 
 from July to September ; yield a fragrant gum, 
 which is esteemed stimulant and antispasmodic. 
 
 SILUS, Camus. 
 
 SILVER, Argentum — s. Ammonio-chloride of, 
 see Argentum — s. Chloride of, see Argentum — 
 s. Chloruret of, see Argentum — s. Cyanide of, see 
 Argentum — s. Cyanuret of, see Argentum — s. 
 Iodide of, see Argentum — s. loduret of, see Ar- 
 gentum — s. Leaf, Magnolia macrophylla — s. Mu- 
 riate of, see Argentum — s. Nitrate of, Argenti 
 nitras — s. Oxide of, see Argentum — s. and Am- 
 monia, Chloride of, see Argentum — s. and Am- 
 monia, Chloruret of, see Argentum. 
 
 SILYBUM, Carduus marianus — s. Maculatum, 
 Carduus marianus — s. Marianum, Carduus ma- 
 rianus. 
 
 SIMAROUBA, Quassia simarouba — s. Bitter, 
 Quassia simarouba — s. Faux, Malpighia mourella. 
 
 SIMARUBA, Quassia simarouba. 
 
 SiMARUBA Cedrok. A South American tree, 
 the seeds of which — cedron seeds — have been 
 used as an antidote for snake-bites. They have, 
 also, been proposed in mental diseases and in 
 epilepsy. The scrapings of the wood have been 
 used as a substitute for sulphate of quinia. 
 
 SiMARUBA Officinalis, Quassia simarouba. 
 
 SIMILATIO, Assimilation. 
 
 SIMITIUM, Plumbi subearbonas. 
 
 SIMO, Camus. 
 
 SIMONEA FOLLICULORUM, Acarus folli- 
 culorum. 
 
 SIMOTRACHELUS, Bysauchen. 
 
 SIMPLES. Medicinal herbs. One skilled in 
 simples is called a Simph'st, a Rliizot' omist. 
 
 SIMPLIST, see Simples. 
 
 SIMULATED DISEASES, Feigned diseases. 
 
 SIMULATI MORBI, Feigned diseases. 
 
 SIMUS, Camus. 
 
 SINA LEVANTICA, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 SINAPELjE'ON, from atva-m, 'mustard,' and 
 t\iiiov, ' oil.' Oil impregnated with mustard. 
 
 SINAPI, Sinapis. 
 
 SINA'PIS, Sina]Di8 nigra seu cer'nua seu Olive- 
 ria'na. Bras' sica nigra, Napiis, Eru'ca, Sina'pe, 
 Sina'23i, Na'pium, Najjy, Common Black 3Justard, 
 (F.) Moutarde noire, Senei'e, Sanve. Family, 
 Cruciferce. Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliqu.isa. 
 The seeds are inodorous, when entire; but, when 
 bruised, the odour is very pungent; taste bitterish 
 and acrid. They yield their virtues to water, and 
 
 afford a bland oil by expression. The seeds are 
 stimulant, diuretic, emetic, and rubefacient. They 
 are sometimes recommended to be swallowed 
 whole, in dyspepsia, torpor of the bowels, <fcc. 
 Externally, they are applied in the form of cata- 
 plasm. See Sinapism. 
 
 Sinapis Alba, S. foHo'sa, Bonannia officina'lis, 
 White Mustard, Nnpus Lencosina'pis, is also used 
 medicinally. It is somewhat less pungent than 
 the black. The distilled oil — Oleum Sinapiis — is 
 a powerful stimulant and rubefacient. 
 
 Whitehead's Essence of Ulustard consists of oil 
 of turpentine, camphor, and a portion of spirit of 
 Rosemary : to which is added a small quantity 
 of flour of mustard. It is a celebrated embroca- 
 tion for rheumatism, <fec. 
 
 Whitehead's Essence of Mustard Pills consist 
 of yelloio resin and balsam of tolu enough to 
 make into pills. 
 
 Mustard Whey is made by taking bruised mus- 
 tard seeds ^ss, and milk Oj. Boil together until 
 the milk is curdled, and strain. 
 
 This whey is used in dropsy. 
 
 Sinapis Arven'sis, *S'. Timoria'na, Charlock, 
 Wild Mustard, has the seeds sometimes substi- 
 tuted for black mustard. 
 
 Sinapis Cer'nua, Sinapis — s. Eruca, Brassica 
 eruca — s. Foliosa, S. alba — s. Oliveriana, Sinapis 
 — s. Tamoriana, S. arvensis — s. Tuberosa, Bras- 
 sica rapa. 
 
 SINAPISIS, Bole Armenian. 
 
 SIN'APISM, Sinapis'mus, from (rtvairi, 'mus- 
 tard.' A cataplasm, of which mustard forms the 
 basis, which is used for exciting redness, and 
 acting as a counter-irritant. It is prepared by 
 mixing flour of mustard and vinegar together to 
 the due consistence. See Cataplasma sinapis. 
 
 SIN'CIPUT, Sincip'ital Region, Bregma, Syn'- 
 ciput, 3Iesocra'nium, Mesoc'runum, Hemicejiha- 
 Ice'um, Hemieephal'ium, Hemieeph'alum ; the top 
 of the head. The French use it synonymously 
 with vertex. By some it is applied to the frontal 
 region or fore-part of the cranium. The parietal 
 bones have been called sincipital bones, Ossa sin- 
 cip'itis, (F.) Os dii sinciput. 
 
 SINDON, aivhav, very fine linen. A small 
 piece of rag, or a round pledget, supported by a 
 thread at its middle, and introduced into the 
 opening in the cranium made by the trephine. 
 
 SINEW, Tendon. 
 
 SINGLETON'S GOLDEN OINTMENT is 
 formed of sulphuret of arsenic (realgar,) and lard 
 or spermaceti ointment. 
 
 SINGULT'OUS, Lygmo'des, Lygo'des, Lyngo'- 
 des, Lynggo'des ; from Singultus, 'hiccough.' Re- 
 lating to or afi'ected with hiccough. 
 
 SINGULT'US, Lynx, Lygmus, Spasmolyg'mus, 
 Clonus singul'tus, Pneiisis singul'tus. Hiccough, 
 Hiccup, (F.) Hoquet. A noise made by the sud- 
 den and involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, 
 and the simultaneous contraction of the glottis, 
 which arrests the air in the trachea. It is a 
 symptom of many morbid conditions, and espe- 
 cially of gangrene, but occurs, frequently, in per- 
 sons otherwise in good health. 
 
 SIN'ISTRAD, from sinister, ' to the left hand.' 
 A term used by Dr. Barclay, adverbially, to sig- 
 nify 'towards the sinistral aspect.' See Mesial. 
 
 SINISTRAL ASPECT, see Mesial. 
 
 SINUEUX, Sinuous. 
 
 SINUOSITAS, Sinus. 
 - SIN'UOUS, Sinuo'sus, (P.) Sinuevjc, from sinww, 
 'a bay or curve.' An epithet given to certain 
 ulcers, and especially to certain fistulae, which 
 are tortuous. 
 
 SINUS, Sinuo'sitas, Colpos, Ahscon'sio, Eury- 
 cho'ria, Reces'sus, (F.) Golfe. Any cavity, the 
 interior of which is more expanded than the en- 
 
SINUS 
 
 790 
 
 SINUS 
 
 trance. In this sense, anatomists have applied 
 the term to cavities in certain bones of the head 
 and face. It has been, also, applied to certain 
 venous canals, into which a number of vessels 
 empty themselves ; such as the sinuses of the 
 dura mater and of the spine j the sinus of the vena 
 porta; uterine sinuses, Ac. ; — and to the bosom. 
 
 In surgery, it means a long, narrow, hollow 
 track, leading from some abscess, diseased bone, 
 &c., (F.) Clapier. 
 
 Sinuses of bones form part of the nasal cavities. 
 They are the frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary, &c. 
 The name has also Ijeen given, occasionally, to 
 the ethmoid and mastoid cells. 
 
 Sinus Acusticus, Auditory canal, internal — 
 s. Ampullaceus, Cavitas elliptica — s. Aortici, Si- 
 nuses of Valsalva — s. Arteriosus, S. pulmonalis — 
 s. Basilar, Sinus transversus — a. Caverneux, Caver- 
 nous sinus — s. Cavernosi uteri, Sinus uterini — s. 
 Cavernosus, Cavernous sinus — s. Cerebri, Ven- 
 tricles of the brain — a. Choro'idien, S. quartus — 
 g. Circular, of Ridley, Sinus coronarius — s. Cir- 
 cularis, S. coronarius — a. Coronaire du cceur, see 
 Cardiac veins. 
 
 Sinus Corona'rius, Sinus circula'ris, S. ctrcu- 
 la'ris Ridleyi, Circular sinus of Ridley, Cor'onary 
 sinus. A venous canal, which surrounds, in a 
 more or less regular manner, the pituitary fossa 
 and gland, emptying itself into the corresponding 
 cavernous sinus by each of its extremities. 
 
 Sinus, Coronary, Sinus coronarius — s. Coro- 
 nary of the heart. Sinus coronary, venous. 
 
 Sinus Coronary, Venous, Coronary sinus of 
 the heart. A name given, on account of its great 
 size, to that portion of the great coronary vein 
 which embraces the left auriculo-ventricular fur- 
 row. 
 
 Sinus Coxje, see Cotyloid — s. Droit, S. quartus. 
 
 Sinus Dexter Cordis, Simis vena'rum cava'- 
 rum, S. veno'sus, Saccus vena'rum cava'rum. The 
 right auricle of the heart : — A'trium cordis dex- 
 trum. See Auricula. 
 
 Sinuses of the Dura Mater, Sinus seu Fis'- 
 tuIcB seu Cavita'tes seu Ventrie'uU seu Tu'buli 
 seu Sanguiduc'tua seu Beceptac'ula Dur<B matris, 
 are formed by a separation of the layers of the 
 dura mater, which acts as a substitute for the 
 outer membrane of veins. Bichat admits only 
 four great sinuses, of which all the others seem 
 to be dependencies; — the two lateral sinuses, the 
 straight sinus, and the longitudinal sinus. To 
 the lateral sinuses belong, — the petrous sinuses, 
 superior and inferior; the transverse sinus; the 
 cavernous sinuses; the coronary sinus, and the 
 occipital sinuses. To the straight sinus belongs 
 the inferior longitudinal. The longitudinal sinus, 
 properly so called, has no sinus under its depend- 
 ence. 
 
 Sinus Falciformis Inferior, S. longitudinal, 
 inferior — s. Falciformis superior, S. longitudinal, 
 superior — s. Fourth, Torcular Herophili — s. Genee 
 pituitarius. Antrum of Highmore — s. of the Jugu- 
 lar vein, see Jugular veins — s. Lacrymalis, La- 
 . chrymal sac. 
 
 Sinuses of the Larynx, Ventricles of the 
 larynx. 
 
 Sinuses, Lat'eeAL, Sinus transver'si, S. magni, 
 S. latera'les, (F.) Sinus lateraux. Each of these 
 Binuses, distinguished into right and left, begins 
 at the torcula'" Herophili, or confluence of the 
 Binuses, and terminates at the sinus of the jugular 
 
 SINUS LATERAUX, Sinuses, lateral. 
 
 Sinuses, Longitu'dinal, S. Longitudina'les. 
 
 These are two in number. 1. Superior Longi- 
 
 lUDlNAL Sinus, S. f ale if or' mis auperior, S. trian- 
 
 ■ gula'ris, Sinua median, (Ch.) A long, triangular 
 
 canal ; convex above, concave below ; which oc- 
 
 cupies the whole of the upper edge of the falx 
 cerebrL It is broad behind, and much narrower 
 before, where it commences by a cul-de-sac, at 
 the cristi galli of the ethmoid bone. It passes 
 along the frontal or coronal crest, sagittal suture, 
 and the vertical groove of the occipital bone. It 
 receives several veins from the dura mater; and 
 all those that are spread over the convex and 
 plain surfaces of the two hemispheres of the 
 brain. It discharges itself into the upper part 
 of the torcular Herophili. 2. Inferior Longi- 
 tudinal Sinus, Sums falcifor'mis inferior. Vena 
 falcis cer'ebri. This is much nanower than the 
 last, and occupies the inferior edge of the falx 
 cerebri, from its anterior third to the tentorium 
 cerebelli, where it terminates, commonly by two 
 branches, in the straight sinus. 
 
 Sinus Magni, Sinuses, lateral — s. Maxillary, 
 Antrum of Highmore — s. Median, Sinus longi- 
 tudinal superior — s. Median, see Semicircular 
 canals — s. Muliebris, Vagina. 
 
 Sinus, Occip'ital, Sinus occipita'lis. These 
 sinuses commence at the sides of the foramen 
 magnum ossis occipitis, and ascend — becoming 
 broader and nearer each other — into the sub- 
 stance of the falx cerebelli, where they frequently 
 unite. Each opens into the inferior part of the 
 torcular Herophili. They receive the veins of 
 the falx cerebelli, of the dura mater which lines 
 the fossse cerebelli, and of the posterior part of 
 the cerebellum. Ilaller and Sommering have 
 given them the name oi posterior occipital sinuses, 
 to distinguish them from the transverse sinus, 
 which they have called anterior occipital sinus. 
 
 Sinus Occipitalis Anterior, Sinns transver- 
 sus — s. Ophthalmic, see Cavernous sinus — s. Per- 
 pendicularis, S. quartus — s. Pituitarii frontis. 
 Frontal sinuses — s. Pocularis, see Ejaculatory 
 ducts — s. Polymorphus, Cavernous sinus— s. Por- 
 tarum, see Liver. 
 
 Sinus, Prostat'ic, Sinus prostat'icus. A fossa 
 on each side of the verumontanum, in which are 
 seen the numerous openings of the ducts of the 
 prostate. 
 
 Sinus Pudendi, Vagina — s. Pudoris, Vagina, 
 Vulva. 
 
 Sinus Pulmonales, Sinuses of Valsalva. 
 
 Sinus Pulmona'lis, S.sinis'ter cordis, A'trium 
 cordis sinia'trum, S. vena'rum pidmona'lium, S. 
 arterio' sus, Saccus vena'rum pidmona'lium. The 
 left auricle of the heart. See Auricula. 
 
 Sinus of the Pulmonary Veins, Auricle, left. 
 
 Sinus Quartus, S. perpendicnla'ris, (F.) Sinua 
 choro'idien (Ch.), Sinus droit. Straight sinus. This 
 sinus — triangular throughout; wide posteriorly; 
 narrower anteriorlj'; slightly oblique downwards 
 and backwards — passes along the base of the falx 
 cerebri, from the termination of the inferior lon- 
 gitudinal sinus to the torcular Herophili. It re- 
 ceives the inferior longitudinal sinus, the veins 
 of the lateral ventricles or vence Galeni, the supe- 
 rior cerebellous veins, <fec. 
 
 Sinus Renum, Pelvis of the kidney — s. Rhom- 
 boideus, see Ventricles of the brain — s. of the 
 Septum lucidum. Ventricle, fifth — s. Sinister cor- 
 dis, S. pulmonalis — s. Sphenoidalis, Cavernous 
 sinus — s. Straight, S. quartus — s. Superciliares, 
 Frontal sinuses — s. Terminalis, Circulus venosus 
 — s. Transversi, Sinuses, lateral. 
 
 Sinus TrANSVER'suS, S. occipita'lis ante'rior, 
 Bas'ilar sinus. This sinus lies transversely at 
 the anterior part of the basilary process of the 
 occipital bone. It forms a communication be- 
 tween the two petrous sinuses, and the cavernous 
 sinus of one side, and those of the other. Its 
 breadth is commonly very great. It is situate 
 between two layers of the dura mater, and pre- 
 sents, internally, a kind of cavernous tissue. 
 
SIPEERI 
 
 191 
 
 SIUM 
 
 SiNTJS Triangularis, S. longitudinal, superior 
 — s. Urogenitalis, Urogenital sinus. 
 
 Sinus Uteei'xi, Sinus cavenio'si U'tcri, U'te- 
 rine sinuses. A name given to cavities, formed 
 by the uterine veins in the substance of the uterine 
 parietes. They are very large during pregnancy. 
 
 Sinus Utriculosus, see Semicircular canals — 
 e. (leg Vaisseaux seminiferes, Corpus Highmori." 
 
 Sinuses of Valsal'va are three depressions 
 in the aorta — Sinus aor'tici — and pulmonary ar- 
 tery — Sinus 2>ulmona'les — immediately opposite 
 the semilunar valves. Their use is to leave the 
 edges of the valves free, so that thej' can be 
 caught by the refluent blood. Where the aorta 
 is about to send off the first of its large branches, 
 iit the top of the thorax, it is of great size, and 
 has been called the Large sinus of Valsalva. 
 
 Sinus of the Vena Cava, Auricle, right — s. 
 Venarum cavarum, S. dexter cordis — s. Venarum 
 pulmonalium, S. pulmonalis — s. Venosus, S. dex- 
 ter cordis. 
 
 Si'nuses, Yer'tebral, (F.) iS'/n«s vertehranx. 
 Two great venous sinuses, different from those of 
 the dura mater, which extend the whole length 
 of the vertebral canal, from the occipital foramen 
 to the end of the sacrum, behind the bodies of the 
 vertebras, before the dura mater, and at the sides 
 of the posterior vertebral ligament. At their in- 
 ner side they communicate with each other by 
 means of branches, which form true transverse 
 sinuses. They are situate at the middle of the 
 body of each vertebra, passing under the posterior 
 vertebral ligament. They receive, at their mid- 
 dle part, the veins that arise in the spongy tissue 
 of the vertebrae. By their external side, the ver- 
 tebral sinuses communicate with the posterior 
 branches of the vertebral, intercostal, and lum- 
 bar veins. At their posterior side they receive 
 the veins, which creep on the prolongation of the 
 dura mater that envelops the marrow. 
 
 Sinus VulyjE, Rima vulvae. 
 
 SIPEERI, Bebeeru, 
 
 SIPEERINB, see Bebeeru. 
 
 SIPHAR, Peritoneum. 
 
 SIPHILIS, Syphilis. 
 
 SIPHITA, Somnambulism — s. Parva, Chorea. 
 
 SIPHO, Siphon— s. Urinte, Diabetes. 
 
 SIPHON, Sipho, aiipwv, 'a tube.' A bent tube, 
 whose limbs are of unequal length, employed in 
 pharmacy for transferring liquids from one vessel 
 to another. With this view, the shorter limb is 
 plunged into the fluid ; and air is sucked from 
 the extremity of the lower limb. The pressure 
 of the atmosphere forces the fluid through the 
 tube; and the flow will continue as long as the 
 extremity of the longer limb is below the level 
 of the fluid in which the shorter limb is immersed. 
 
 An exhausting syringe is, at times, attached to 
 the longer extremity of the siphon by means of 
 which the air can be drawn from it. 
 
 Siphon, Plunging. An instrument, used in 
 pharmacy for obtaining a specimen, — at times, a 
 measured specimen, — of any liquid. With this 
 view, the instrument is immersed into liquid, and 
 allowed to remain there until full. The opening 
 at the top is then closed with the thumb ; and 
 the contents, thus removed, are allowed to flow 
 out by removing the thumb and permitting the 
 entrance of air. It is a form of the pipette. 
 
 SIPHONIA CAHUCHU, see Caoutchouc — s. 
 Elastica, see Caoutchouc. 
 
 SIPHUNCULUS, Syringe. 
 
 SIRA, Orpiment. 
 
 SIRENS, Symmeles. 
 
 SIRIASTS, Coup de Soleil, Insolation, Phre- 
 nitis — s. ^gvptiaca. Coup de Soleil. 
 
 SIRIUM MYRTIFOLIUM, Santalum album. 
 
 SIRIUS, Canicula. 
 
 STROP BE CAPILLAIRE, see Adiantum 
 capillus veneris — s. de Coralline, see CoraUina 
 Corsicana. 
 
 SIRUP, Syrnp. 
 
 SISON AMMI, ^iJiii'snamnii, Cuid'iam tenui- 
 folium, Pimpinella laterifo'lia, Scs'eli fceniculi- 
 fo'lium. Family, Unibelliferffi. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
 tandria Digynia. The plant that aflbrds the 
 Amnd verum of the shops; (F.) Ammi de-i Bou- 
 tiques. The seeds — Semen Am' mios cretici sea 
 veri — were once used as a carminative. 
 
 SisoN Amo'mum, (F.) Amome faux, is consi- 
 dered to be excitant and diuretic. It is the_^eW 
 honewort. 
 
 SisoN Anisum, Pimpinella anisum — s. Poda- 
 graria, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 
 SISTENS, Epischeticus. 
 
 SISYMBRIUM ALLIARIA, Alliaria— s. Bar- 
 barea. Erysimum barbarea — s. Erucastrum, Bras- 
 siea eruca — s. Menthastrum, Mentha aquatica. 
 
 Sisym'brium Nastur'tium, Nasturtium aquat'- 
 icum sen officina'le, Laver odora'tum, Cratcves'- 
 sium, Cressi, Cardami'ne fonfa'na sen nastur'tium, 
 Water Cress, (F.) Cresson de fontaine. Famihj, 
 Cruciferae. Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. 
 Water-cresses are commonly used in salad. They 
 have obtained a place in the materia medica for 
 their antiscorbutic qualities. 
 
 Sisymbrium Officinale, Erysimum — s. Par- 
 viflorum, S. sophia. 
 
 Sisymbrium So'phia, S. parviflo'rum. Herb 
 Sophia, Sophia Chirurgo'rnm, Flix or Flux -weed, 
 (P.) Sagesse dee Chirurgiens. It was once re- 
 puted to be anthelmintic, and valuable in hyste- 
 rical affections. It is not used. 
 
 Other species of Nasturtium, as N. Palus'trE, 
 Harsh water-cress ; and N. ampihih'ium, Water- 
 radish, possess eimtlar virtues with Nasturtium 
 ofiieinale. 
 
 SISYRIN'CHIUM BERMUDIA'NUM, Blue- 
 eyed grass, Lily grass, Physic grass, Scurvy grass; 
 indigenous; Order, Iridaceas ; flowering from 
 June to August. Used as a cathartic by the 
 Thompsonians. A decoction of the root is acrid 
 and cathartic. 
 
 SITICULOSUS, Dipsodes, see Alterative. 
 
 SITIENS, Dipsodes. 
 
 SITIS, Thirst — s. Intensa, Polydipsia — s. 
 Morbosa, Polvdipsia. 
 
 SITKA, MINERAL WATERS OF. See Arch- 
 angel, New, mineral waters of. 
 
 SITOS, Aliment. 
 
 SITUS ANOMALUS seu PERVERSUS IN- 
 TESTINORUM, Splanchnectopia — s. Mutatus, 
 see Monster. 
 
 SITZBATH, see Bath, half. 
 
 SIUM, Slum nodijlo'rum seu angustifu'Uum seu 
 Ber'ula seu erec'tum seu inei'sum, A'pium sium, 
 Ber'ula angusti/o'lia, Ber'ula, Creeping Wafer- 
 parsnep, (E .) Berle nodiflore. Family, Umbelli- 
 ferffi. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. It is sti- 
 mulant, and supposed to be diuretic and lithon- 
 triptie. It is, sometimes, employed in cutaneous 
 eruptions. 
 
 Sium Angustifolium, S. nodiflorum — s. Apiuni,- 
 Apium graveolens — s. Berula, S. nodiflorum — s. 
 Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocastanum — s. Car- 
 vi, Carum — s. Erectum, S. nodiflorum — s. Grave, 
 olens, Apium graveolens — s. Incisum, S. nodi- 
 florum. 
 
 Sium Latifo'lium is the common Water-pnr- 
 snep of the United States. It is said to be poi- 
 sonous. 
 
 Sium Ninsl The plant whose root is called 
 Radix Ninsi, Ninzin, Nindsin. This root waj 
 long supposed to be the same as ginseng, and if 
 possesses similar, though weaker properties. 
 
 Sium Silaus, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
SIWENS 
 
 792 
 
 SMILAX 
 
 SiTTM Sis'arum, Skirret, is used as a salad in 
 Europe ; and has been supposed a useful diet in 
 ehest affections. 
 
 SiuM VuLGAKE, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 SIVVENS, Sibbens. 
 SKELETIA, Emaciation. 
 
 SKELETOL'OGY, SceletoIog"ia, (F.) Squelet- 
 t<ilogie, irora tjKiXeTo;, 'a skeleton,' and Aoyoy, 'a 
 discourse.' A treatise on the solid parts of the 
 body. This part of anatomy comprehends Oste- 
 ology and Syndesmology. 
 
 SKEL'ETON, Scel'etum., from cKt\tToi, Ca- 
 dav'er exsieca'tiim; (F.) Sqiielette, Sceleton, a 
 dried body ; from crxeXXw, ' I dry.' The aggre- 
 gate of the hard parts of the body, or the bones. 
 A skeleton is found in almost all animals, al- 
 though it may not always be formed in the same 
 manner. In some, as in the Crustacea and tes- 
 tacea, it is wholly or partly external, Exo-sheleton, 
 Dermo-skeleton. In others, as in birds, the mam- 
 malia, <fcc., it is internal, Endo-slceleton, Neuro- 
 skeleton. It serves as a support for other organs. 
 On it the general shape of the body and of its 
 various parts is greatly dependent. When the 
 bones are united by their natural ligaments, the 
 skeleton is said to he natural, Scel'etumnatura'le; 
 ■when articulated by means of wires, artificial, 
 Scel'etxim artificia'le. 
 
 SKELETOPCE'IA, - Sceletopoe'a, Sceleteu'sis, 
 from cKE^zTos, ' a skeleton,' and Tzotiu), ' I make.' 
 The part of practical anatomy which treats of 
 the preparation of bones, and the construction 
 of skeletons. Eones are prepared to exhibit their 
 conformation, structure, chymieal composition, 
 mode of development, and changes; the different 
 cavities formed by the union ; and to demonstrate 
 their connexions, relations, modes of union, &c. 
 SKEVISCH, Erigeron Philadelphieum. 
 SKEVISH, FLEABANE, Erigeron Philadel- 
 phieum. 
 
 SKIX, Cutis. 
 
 SKIN-BOUXD DISEASE, Induration of the 
 cellular tissue. 
 
 SKIOMACHIA, Sciomachy. 
 SKIRPvET, Slum sisarum. 
 SKIESE, Scirrhus. 
 SKOKE, Phytolacca decandra. 
 SKOLEMORA FERjSTAMBUCEXSIS, Geof- 
 frsea vermifuga. 
 
 SKUE-SIGHT, Dysopia lateralis. 
 SKULL, Cranium. 
 
 SKULL-CAP, Calvaria,Scutellariagalericulata. 
 SKUNK-CABBAGE, Dracontium foetidum. 
 SKUNK-WEED, Dracontium foetidum. 
 SLATE, IRISH, Hibernicus lapis. 
 SLATERS, Onisci aselli. 
 SLATKAIA TRAVA, see Spirit. 
 SLAVERING, from saliva. Ptyalis'mus iners, 
 Driv'elliiig, (F.) Bave. Involuntary flow of sa- 
 liva, from sluggishness of deglutition, without in- 
 creased secretion. It is seen in the infant, the 
 aged, and the idiot. 
 
 SLEEP, Sax. plep; Somnus, Sompnns, Sopor, 
 Dormil"io, Hypnos, (F.) Soynmeil. Temporary 
 interruption of our relations with external objects. 
 A repose of the organs of sense, intellectual facul- 
 ties, and voluntary motion. 
 
 The act of /(uitting this condition is called 
 <iwaking. {¥.) JEvigihttion, Reveil. Sometimes this 
 is progressive and natural; at others, sudden and 
 starting ; (F.) Reveil en snrsant, — as in nightmare, 
 affections of the heart, hypochondriasis, »fec. 
 
 Sleep, Magnet'ic, Hypno'sis hiomngnei'ica, is 
 th'i sleep induced by the so called animal mag- 
 netism. See Magnetism, animal. 
 
 Sleep. Nervots. see Magnetism, animal. 
 3LEEPLESSNESS, Insomnia. 
 
 SLEEP-WALKING, Somnambulism. 
 SLIACS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Sliacs 
 is a favourite bathing-place in Hungary, a few 
 miles from Neusohl. Some of the waters are 
 cold; others, thermal: the former are carbonated 
 chalybeates; the latter are much used in the 
 same cases as thermal springs in general. 
 
 SLING, (G.) Schlinge, Mitel'la, Jh't'rinm. 
 A bandage employed to keep the forearm bent on 
 the arm, in cases of injury done to those parts, 
 in fracture of the clavicle, injury of the hands, 
 &c. A handkerchief is often sufficient for this 
 purpose. It must be folded diagonally, and be 
 tied, by the extremities, round the neck. The 
 French surgeons have used many varieties of 
 Echarpes or slings; as the Grande echarpe,Eeliurpe 
 woyenne, Petite echarpe, Echarpie de J. L. Pe- 
 tit, &c. 
 
 SLIPPERS, Impatiens. 
 
 SLIT AND TAIL BANDAGE, Invaginated 
 bandage. 
 
 SLOE-TREE, Prunus spinosa. 
 SLOUGH, Eschar. 
 SLOWS, Milk-sickness. 
 SLUG, Limax — s. Sea, Biche de Mer. 
 SLUMBER, Somnolency. 
 SMALLAGE, Apium graveolens. 
 SMALL-POX, Variola— s. Modified, Varioloid. 
 SMALT, Protox'ide of Cobalt, Snaltnm, Safre, 
 Azur, Blue Starch. This oxyd has been given in 
 rheumatism, in the dose of ten to twenty grains. 
 A larger quantity excites vomiting. 
 
 SMARAG'DUS, (F.) Emeraude. The emerald. 
 It was formerly regarded as a tonic. 
 
 SMARTWEED, Polygonum punctatum. 
 SMECTICA, Detergents. 
 SMECTIS, Cimolia terra. 
 SMECTRIS, Cimolia terra. 
 SMEGMA, aiivyfa, from ajiTi^tiv, 'to wipe, to 
 rub off.' Soap, grease, a salve, a liniment. Also, 
 the secretion from the sebaceous follicles of the 
 skin. 
 
 SjfEGMA Aeticclaee, Synovia — s. Cutaneum, 
 see Sebaceous glands. 
 
 Smegma PrjEPd'tii. The fatty secretion from 
 the sebaceous follicles of the glans penis. 
 SMEGMATORRHCEA, Stearrhoea. 
 SMEGMORRHCEA, Steanhoea. 
 SMELL, SENSE OF, Olfaction. 
 SMELLING, Olfaction. 
 
 SMELLOME'S OINTMENT FOR THE 
 EYES, Ceratum resin«. 
 
 SMILAX, Taxus baccata — s. Aspera Chinen- 
 sis, Smilax China — s. Aspera Peruviana, Smilax 
 sarsaparilla — s. Canellsefolia, S. pseudo-China. 
 
 Smilax China, Smilax as'pera Chinen'sis. 
 Family, Smilace». Sex. Syst. Dioecia Hexandria. 
 The root — China, Ch. orienta'lis sen po7)dero'sa 
 seu vera, Sankira, Gauqnnra, China rout, (F.) 
 Sqnine, Esqnine. Formerly much used in cuta,- 
 neous and venereal affections. 
 
 Smilax Glauca, S. sarsaparilla — s. Hedersefo- 
 lia, S. pseudo-China — s. Indica Spinosa, Smilax 
 pseudo-China — s. Officinalis, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 Smilax Pseudo-China, Smilax In'dica spino'- 
 sa seu canellctfo'lia seu hedercpfo'lia, China occi- 
 dentn'lis, China spn'ria nodo'sa, American or 
 West India China. In scrofulous disorders, the 
 root has been often preferred to the oriental kind. 
 In other cases, it possesses similar virtues. 
 
 Smilax Sadsaparil'la, .S'. njficiua'lis seu glau- 
 ca, Sarsapari/'la, Surtajyaril'la, Smilax as'pera 
 Penivia'na, Sarza, Sarsa, Carivillan'di, Jva Pe- 
 can'ga, Macaputli, Zarsa, Zarzdpnril'la, (F.) Sal- 
 separeille. The root of the Sarsaparilla is inodor- 
 ous; taste bitterish, feeulaeeous, and fibrous; of 
 a dark colour externally; white within. It ha 
 
SMILE 
 
 793 
 
 SODA 
 
 possessed of diuretic and demulcent properties, 
 and has been often employed in the sequela) of 
 syphilis ; when, after a mercurial course, noc- 
 turnal pains, ulceration, &o., continue. It has, 
 , also, been advised in scrofula, chronic rheuma- 
 tism, &c. ; but its efficacy is, to say the least of 
 it, a matter of doubt Dose, ^j to 3J of the 
 powder. _ 
 
 SMILE, er/ztX;?. A curved, two-edged bistoury. 
 A knife. 
 
 SMILEOX, Scalpel. 
 
 SMYRXA, Myrrha. 
 
 SMTRNISMOS, Embalming. 
 
 SMTR'NIUM OLUSA'TRUM, Illpposeli'nnm, 
 Smyr' Ilium, Macero'na, ifacedonis'inm, Herha 
 Alexandri'na, Gri'elum, Agrioseli'num, Alexan'- 
 ders, Ahanders. A plant formerly cultivated for 
 culinary purposes. The seeds are bitter and aro- 
 matic, and the roots more powerfully bitter. 
 They have been recommended as resolvents, diu- 
 retics, emmenagogues, &c. 
 
 SNAGREL, Aristolochia serpentaria. 
 
 SNAIL, Limax — s. Shell, Cochlea. 
 
 SNAKEHEAD, Chelone glabra. 
 
 SNAKEROOT, Garuleum bipinnatum — s. 
 Birthwort, Aristolochia serpentaria — s. Black, 
 ActEea racemosa, Sanieula Marilandioa — s. 
 Button, Eryngium aquatieum, Liatris spicata 
 
 — s. Canada, Asarum Canadense — s. Dewitt, 
 Prenauthes — s. Evergreen, Polygala paucifolia 
 
 — s. Heart, Asarum Canadense — s. Virginiana, 
 Aristolochia serpentaria — s. White, Eupatorium 
 ageratoides. 
 
 SNAKEWEED, Aristolochia serpentaria, He- 
 lenium autumnale. Polygonum bistorta — s. Ame- 
 rican, Cicuta masculata. 
 
 SNEEZING, from Sax. niefan, (G.) Niesen, 
 Clonus Sternuta'tio, Sternuta'tio, Sternutamen' - 
 *um, Sfeniumen'tum, Ptarmos, (F.) Eternuement. 
 A convulsive motion of the expiratory muscles, 
 by which the air is driven rapidly, and rushes 
 sonorously, through the nasal fossce, carrying 
 with it the mucus and foreign bodies, which ad- 
 here to the pituitary membrane, an4 have occa- 
 sioned the movement. 
 
 SNEEZEWORT, Achillea ptarmica, Helenium 
 autumnale. 
 
 SNORING, Rhenchus, Rhenxis, Rnnchus, Rhon- 
 cJiua, Stertor, Reiichus, {'F.) Ronflement, from(G.) 
 Scharnen. Noise made in the posterior part 
 of the mouth and nasal foss£e during the move- 
 ments of inspiration, particularly in sleep, both 
 when the person is in health, and in disease, as 
 in apoplexy. In certain affections of the chest — 
 in some cases of pulmonary catarrh — a kind of 
 snoring may be distinctly heard by applying the 
 ear or the stethoscope to the chest. 
 
 SNOT, Nasal mucus. 
 
 SNOUT, Nasus. 
 
 SNOW, Sax. rnail, Nix, Chion, (F.) Neige. 
 Water in a solid state, which falls from the at- 
 mosphere in white flakes. It is used externally 
 as a tonic and diseutient. 
 
 SNOWBALL, Cephalanthus oecidentalis. 
 
 SNOWBERRY, Symphoricarpus rac'emosus. 
 
 SNUFF, CEPHALIC, Pnlvis asari compositus. 
 
 SNUFFLES, Teut. Snuffeln, Grave' do ne- 
 oi>nto'rum, Rhinan'(jia, Rhinanch'oiie. Breathing 
 hard through the nose, often owing to accumula- 
 tion of the mucous secretions, — an aflfeetion to 
 which infants are liable, and which is relieved by 
 oiling the interior of the nostrils. 
 
 SOAP, Sapo — s. Acid, see Sapo — s. Berries, 
 Sapindus saponaria — s. Black, see Sapo — s. Cas- 
 tile, Sapo duras — s. of the Cocoa-nut oil, see 
 Sapo — s. Common or soft, see Sapo — s. Liquid, 
 Bee Sapo — s. Medicinal, see Sapo — s. Spanish, 
 Sapo durus — s. Yellow, see Sapo. 
 
 SOAPWORT, Saponaria. 
 
 SOB, from Sax. reofian, 'to grieve;' (F.) San~ 
 (/lot. A spasmodic, sudden, and momentary 
 contraction of the diaphragm, immediately fol- 
 lowed by relaxation, by which the little air, that 
 the contraction has caused to enter the chest, is 
 driven out with noise. It is an evidence of cor- 
 poreal or mental suffering. 
 
 SOBOLES, Epigone. 
 
 SOBRIETAS, Temperance. 
 
 SOCIA PAROTIDIS, see Parotid. 
 
 SOCI'ETY, Soci'etas,(E.) Societe,{TOva sociare, 
 ' to associate.' An association for the promotioa 
 of some common object. 
 
 Societies, Medical. Associations of medical 
 gentlemen for the promotion of science have been 
 numerous, and productive of valuable results. 
 In the United States, societies exist in many of 
 the states, possessing the power of examining 
 into the qualifications of every one who may be 
 desirous of practising within their particular ju- 
 risdiction. In some of the states, however, the 
 qualified and unqualified are permitted to exer- 
 cise their profession with equal privileges and 
 immunities. 
 
 Amongst the medical associations that have 
 issued from time to time useful transactions or 
 publications, are the following : Ix America, — 
 The Massachusetts 3fedical Society; the Phy- 
 sico-medical, and Medical Societies of the State 
 of New York; the College of Physicians of 
 Philadelphia, and the American Medical As- 
 sociation. Ik Europe, — The Association of 
 Felloics and Licentiates of the King's and 
 Queen's College of Physicians of Ireland ; the 
 Medico-Chirurgical and Phrenological Societies 
 of Edinburgh ; the College of Physicians, the 
 Medico-Chirurgical, the Medical and the Sijden- 
 ham Societies of London; the Associated Ajjothe- 
 caries and Surgeon Apothecaries of England and 
 Wales, and the Provincial Medical and Surgical 
 Association ; the Royal Academy of Surgery, the 
 Royal Society of Medicine, the Societe Mcdictile 
 d' Emulation, the Societe de Medecine, the Roynl 
 Academy of Medicine, and the Societe Jledicale 
 d' Observation, of Paris ; the 3fedico-Chirurgical 
 Academy of Vienna; the Medical Societies of 
 Berlin and Copenhagen, &c., &c. In Asia. — 
 The Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta. 
 
 Valuable medical essays are likewise contained 
 in the published Transactions of the Americna 
 Philosophical Society ; of the Royal Societies of 
 London, Edinburgh, Gottingen, <fce. ; of the Royal 
 Academy of Sciences of Paris; the Imperial 
 Society of Sciences of St. Petersburg ; the Royal 
 Academy of Sciences of Turin; the Academicc 
 Itnperialis Leopoldina Natures Ouriosorum, &c. 
 
 SOCORDIA, Hallucination. 
 
 SODA. An Arabic word. Protox'ide of so- 
 dium, (F.) Sonde, is obtained by adding caustic 
 lime to a solution of carbonate of soda. The 
 soda in solution may be obtained by evaporation 
 as hydrate of soda. Its action is like that of 
 potassa; but it is not officinal. 
 
 Soda impu'ra, Baril'la, Barig'lia, Baril'lor, 
 Soda Hispan'ica, Ana'tron, Natron, Ana'ton, 
 Nitrnm Antiquo'rum, Kelp, Aphroni'trum, Sal 
 alkali' iius fixiis fos'silis, Car'bonas SodcB im'pu- 
 rus, Subcar'bonas SodcB impu'ra, Anachron. The 
 mineral alkali is obtained from several sources ; 
 — naturally, in Egypt: artificially, from the in- 
 cineration of marine plants ; and from the de- 
 composition of sulphate of soda, ic. It is prin- 
 cipally, however, derived from plants growing cfu 
 the sea-coast; — as the Salso'la sati'va, S. soda, 
 S. tragus, Salicor'nin herha' era, Salicornia Arab' ■ 
 ica, &c. The Barillc ashes are from the ashoff 
 
SODA 
 
 794 
 
 SODA 
 
 of the Salicor'nia EuropcB'a: the Kelp, Sonde de 
 Varecq, from the Fuciis vesiculo'sus and other 
 varieties ; — the TurJcey Barilla, Iioq)tette, Ceiidre 
 dn Levant, Rochet'ta Alexandri'na, from the 3Ie- 
 s^mhryan'themum Cop'ticxim ; — the Al'icant Ba- 
 rilln, Soda Alicanii'na, S. Alonen'sis, from the 
 Mesemhryan'themum iiodijlo' rum ; — and the Car- 
 thage'na Barilla, from the Salicor'nia and Sal- 
 sv'la. 
 
 Impure subcarbonate of soda, (F.) Sonde du 
 commerce, consists of subcarbonate of soda, pot- 
 ash, chloride of sodium, clay and other earthy 
 substances. It is chiefly used for preparing the 
 pure subcarbonate. 
 
 Soda, Cardialgia, Cephalalgia, Pyrosis. 
 
 Soda Aceta'ta, Sodce Ace'tas, Ac"etafe of 
 Soda, Terra folia' ta minera'Us, (F. ) Acetate de 
 sonde. This salt is used in similar cases with the 
 acetate of potass. 
 
 Soda Aerata, Sodae carbonas — s. Alonensis, 
 Soda — s. Biborate of, Borax — s. Bicarbonate of. 
 Sodas carbonas — s. Borate of, Borax — s. Borax- 
 ata, Borax. 
 
 Soda, Car'bonate of, Sodce Car'honas, Car- 
 honas Na'tricuni, Soda Aera'ta, SodcB Bicar'- 
 honas, Bicar'bonate of Soda, Carbonate of jtro- 
 tox'ide of So'dium, (F.) Carbonate de Sonde, 
 S. effervescente, S. aeree, S. Crayeuse. {Soda 
 eubcarb, H)j, aquce destill. Oiij. Dissolve the 
 subcarbonate of soda, and pass carbonic acid 
 through the solution ; set it aside to crystallize.) 
 Its use is the same as the subcarbonate, than 
 ■which it is less caustic, and better adapted for 
 efl'ervescing draughts. 
 
 Soda Cau'stica, Protox'ide of So'dium, Caus- 
 tic Soda, (F.) Soude eaustique, S. d la Chaux, 
 Sonde pure. The impure subcarbonate, treated 
 by quicklime, and consequently deprived of its 
 carbonic acid. It may be used as a caustic, like 
 the Potassa ftisa, and is even preferable to it, as 
 it docs not deliquesce and run. 
 
 Soda, Chloride or, <S'. Ghlorina'ta, Sodce Chlo'- 
 ridum, Chlo'rinated Soda, Natrum Oxymuriat'- 
 ictim, Sodce Chlornre'tnm, Oxymu'riate of Soda, 
 (F.) Chlorure de Sonde, Chlorure d' oxide de So- 
 dium. This salt is used as a disinfecting agent ; 
 both to remove offensive smells in chambers, and 
 to alter the condition of fetid ulcers. See Liquor 
 Sodae Chlorinatse. 
 
 Soda, Chlorinated, Soda, chloride of — s. 
 Hispanica, Soda — s. Hydrochlorate of, Soda, 
 muriate of. 
 
 Soda, Hyposulph'ite of, Sodce hypondph'is, 
 (F.) Ryposulfite de Soude. This salt has been 
 lately extolled in chronic cutaneous, and scrofu- 
 lous affections. It is given in syrup. 
 
 Soda, Lithate op. Urate of soda — s. Mephite 
 of, Soda, subcarbonate of. 
 
 Soda, Mu'riate of, Sodce murias. Soda mu- 
 ria'ta, S. nmriat'ica, Al'kali mincra'le sali'num, 
 Sal commn'nia, Sal eulina'ris, Sal fon'tium, Sal 
 gemmae, Sal mari'nus, Natron muria'tum, Sal 
 albus, Natrnm mnriat'icum. Common salt, Sea 
 salt, Hydrochlo'rinaa Na'tricus, Salfos'silis, Sal 
 lu'cidum, Muria, Roch salt. Bay salt, White salt, 
 Quadrichlo' ruret of Sodium, Hydrochlo' rate of pro- 
 tox'ide of Sodium, Hydrochlo'rate of Soda, Clilo- 
 rure'tum So'dii, So'dii Chlo'ridum, Chloride of So- 
 dium, (F.) Chlorttre de Sodium, Sel niarin, Sel de 
 Cuisine. In an impure st^ate, this salt is one of 
 the most abundant of natural productions. It 
 is SL,luble in 3 parts of water, and is tonic, pur- 
 gative, and anthelmintic. Externall}', stimulant. 
 It is a well-known and useful culinary substance. 
 Soda, Nitrate op, Sodm Nitras, Natron ni'- 
 tricum, Al'kali minera'le nitra'tum, Nitrnm Cu'- 
 cicam, Nitrate of protox'ide of Sodium, Protoni'- 
 
 trate of Sodium, Nitrnm Bhomhoida'le, Nitrae 
 Natricum, Salpje'tra, Cubic Nitre. Its virtues are 
 similar to those of the nitrate of potass, for 
 which it has been substituted. 
 
 Soda, Oxymuriate op, Soda, chloride of. 
 Soda, Phosphate of, S. Fhosphora'ta, Sodce 
 phos'phas, Subjjhosphate of pirotox'ide of Sodium, 
 Phosphas Nu' tricum, Natrum Oxyphosphoro' dee, 
 Suhprotophosphate of Sodium, Subphos'phate of 
 Soda, Sal mirah'ile 2}ei'io.'tum, Triba'sic phos- 
 phate of Soda, Alkali mi)iera'le phosjihora'tum, 
 Tasteless purging salt, (F.) Phosphate de Sonde, 
 Sel admirable pierle. (Bone burnt to whiteness 
 and powdered, ibx ; Sulphuric acid, tbvj ; Cur- 
 boriate of soda, q. s. Mix the bone with the 
 acid in a covered vessel, add a gallon of water, 
 and stir. Digest for three daj^s, occasionally 
 adding a little water to that lost by evaporation, 
 and frequently stirring the mixture. Pour in 
 now a gallon of boiling water, and strain through 
 linen, gradually adding more boiling water, until 
 the liquor passes nearly tasteless. Set the strained 
 liquor by, that the dregs may subside ; from which 
 pour off the clear solution, and boil down to a gal- 
 lon. To this solution, poured off from the dregs 
 and heated in an iron vessel, add by degrees the 
 carbonate of soda previously dissolved in hot 
 water, until effervescence ceases, and the phos- 
 phoric acid is completely neutralized; then filter 
 the liquor, and set it aside to crystallize. Having 
 removed the crystals, add, if necessary, a small 
 quantity of carbonate of soda to the liquor, so as 
 to render it slightly alkaline ; then alternately 
 evaporate and crystallize so long as crystals are 
 produced. Lastly, preserve the crystals in a well 
 stopped bottle. — Ph. U. S.) Cathartic, in the dose 
 of from ^ss to ^j. 
 
 Soda, Phosphate of, tribasic, S. Phosphate 
 of. 
 
 Soda, Subcarb'onatb of, Sodce Subcarbonas, 
 Sodce Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Subcarbonate of pro- 
 tox'ide of Sodium, Memphite of Soda, Natron 
 prmpara'tum, Scd Sodas, Salt of Soda, Flos Salis, 
 Sagi'men Vitri, Salt of Baril'la, Sal cd'kali, Car- 
 bonas Sodce of some, (F.) Sous-carbonate de Soude. 
 The impure subcarbonate, dissolved in water; 
 the solution filtered and crystallized. Soluble in 
 two parts of water at 60°. It is much used as 
 an antacid; and also as a deobstruent in scrofu- 
 lous and other affections. Dose, gr. x to ^ss. 
 
 The dried Subcar'bonate of Soda, Sodce S>ib- 
 car'bonas exsiccata, Sodce carbonas exsicca'tus, 
 (Ph. U. S.) Carbonas Sodce sieca'tum, (F.) Sous- 
 carbonate de Soude desseche, is employed as an 
 antacid and lithontriptic. Dose, gr. x to xv. 
 
 Soda, Subphosphate of, S. phosphate of. 
 
 Soda, Sulphate op, Sodoe Sulphas, Natron 
 vitriola'tum, Sal cathar'ticus Glaube'ri, Al'cali 
 minera'le sulphu'ricum, Natrum eulph)i'ricum, 
 Soda vitriola'ta. Sulphas na'tricus, Sal mirab'- 
 ilis Glaube'ri, Ape'rient Salt of Frederick, Glau- 
 ber's Scdts, (F.) Sulfate de Soude. Obtained from 
 the salt that remains after the distillation of mu- 
 riatic acid ; the superabundant acid being satu- 
 rated with subcarbonate of soda. It is soluble in 
 three parts of water at 60° ; is purgative, and, 
 in small doses, diuretic. Dose, ^vj to ^s. 
 
 The Lymington Glauber's Salts is a Sulp7iate 
 of Magnesia and Soda, and is obtained from the 
 mother liquor of sea-water, or by dissolving Ep- 
 som salt in a solution of Glauber's salt. 
 
 Soda, Tartrate of. Tartrate of potass and 
 Soda, Soda Tartariza'ta, Tar'tarized Soda, Sal 
 Rupellen'sis, Rochelle Salt, Sal Pohjchres'tum 
 Seignet'ti, S. Seignetti, Seigtiette's Salt, Natron 
 tartariza'tum, Turtris jjotas'sce et Sodce, Sodce et 
 Potas'sce Tartras (Ph. U. S.), Sodce potassio-tar- 
 tras, Tartras Potas'sce et SudcB, T'artrate de po- 
 
SODII 
 
 795 
 
 SOLDIER'S WEED 
 
 tae?e et de Sonde. {Sodas carl. Bbi; potass, hifart. 
 in pulv. ^xvj, Aq. bullient. Ov. Dissolve the 
 carbonate in water ; and add, gradually, the 
 bitartrate. Filter the solution and crystallize. 
 Ph. U. S.) It is a gentle cathartic. Dose, ^ss 
 
 Soda, Urate of, Urate of Soda — s. Vitrio- 
 lata, S. sulphate of — s. Water, Acidulous water, 
 simple. 
 
 SoD^ AcETAS, Soda, acetate of — s. Biboras) 
 Borax — s. Bicarbonas, Soda, carbonate of — s- 
 Boras, Borax — s. Boras alcalescens, Borax — s- 
 Boras supersaturus, Borax — s. Carbonas, Soda 
 
 — s. Carbonas, Soda, subearbonate of — s. Car- 
 bonas exsiccatus, see Soda, subearbonate of — s. 
 Carbonas impurus. Soda — s. Chloras, Soda, chlo- 
 rate of — s. Hyposulphis, Hyposulphite of soda 
 — s. Murias, Soda, muriate of — s. Nitras, Soda, 
 nitrate of — s. Phosphas, Soda, phosphate of — s. 
 et Potassse tartras, Soda, tartrate of — s. Potassio- 
 tartras Soda, tartrate of — s. Subboras, Borax — 
 s. Subcarbonas impura, Soda. 
 
 SODII AURO-TERCHLORIDUM, see Gold 
 
 — s. Chloridum, Soda, muriate of — s. Chlorure- 
 tum. Soda, muriate of. 
 
 SO'DIUM, Na'trium, Natro'niurh. The metal- 
 lie basis of soda. 
 
 SoDiusr, Carbonate or Protoxide of, Sodse 
 carbonas — s. Chloride of. Soda, muriate of — s. 
 Chlorure de, Soda, muriate of — s. Chlorure d' Ox- 
 ide de, Soda, chloride of — s. Protonitrate of, 
 Soda, nitrate of — s. Protoxide of, Soda — s. Pro- 
 toxide of, hydrochlorate of, Soda, muriate of — s. 
 Protoxide of, nitrate of. Soda, nitrate of — s. Pro- 
 toxide of, phosphate of, Soda, phosphate of — s. 
 Protoxide of, subcai'bonate of. Soda, subearbonate 
 of — s. Quadri-chloruret of, Soda, muriate of — 
 s. Subborate of protoxide of, Borax — s. Subproto- 
 borate of. Borax — s. Subprotophosphate of, Soda, 
 phosphate of. 
 
 SODOMA GALLORUM, Syphilis. 
 
 SODOMIA, Bu^srery. 
 
 SODOMY, Buggery. 
 
 SOFTENING, Mollities. 
 
 SOI-POUR-SOI, Homoeozygy. 
 
 SOIE, Sericum. 
 
 SOIF, Thirst — s. Excessive, Polydipsia. 
 
 SOL, Gold. 
 
 SOL -LUNAR, Sol-hnm'ris; from sol, 'the 
 sun,' and lana, 'the moon.' An epithet applied 
 to a fancied influence exerted by the sun and 
 moon on man in a state of health and disease. 
 
 SOLAMEN INTESTINORUM, Pimpinella 
 anisum — s. Scabiosorum, Fumaria, 
 
 SOL'ANOID, SolanoV des ; from, solaniim, 'the 
 potato,' and eiiog, ' resemblance.' Resembling a 
 potato ; polato-like. An epithet applied to a 
 form of cancer, which appears to be intermediate 
 between scirrhus and encephaloid, increasing 
 more rapidly than the former, yet approaching 
 it in firmness. 
 
 SOLA'NUM, S. nigrum seu viilga're seu vid.ga'- 
 tum, Common Nightshade, Garden Nightshade, 
 (F.) 3forelle d fruit noir. Family, Solaneae. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. A narcotic 
 poison. The Huile de Morelle is made, by ma- 
 cerating in oil, for several days, the leaves and 
 fruit of this plant. The oil is anodyne and dis- 
 cutient. 
 
 SoLANUM Dulcama'ra, Dulcamara, Z>. flexuo'- 
 ea, Solatium Scaridens, Glycipi'cros, Ama'ra dulcis, 
 Solaniim ligno'aum, 'ZTpv)(yoi of Theophrastus, 
 Bittersweet, Woody Nightshade, Bittersioeet Night- 
 shade, Bittersweet Vine, Nightshade Vine, Violet 
 hloom, (F.) Bouce-ainere, Morelle grimpante. The 
 taste of the stalks is bitter, followed by sweet- 
 
 ness: hence its name. It has been vised in many 
 diseases, as a diuretic and sudorilie, especially in 
 chronic rheumatism, humoral asthma, dropsy, 
 various skin diseases, scrofula, and jaundice. 
 Dose, in powder, Qj to gj. 
 
 SoLANUM Esculenthm, S. tuberosum — s. Foe- 
 tidum. Datura stramonium — s. Furiosuni, Atropa 
 belladonna — s. llumboldtii, S. Lycopersicum — 
 s. Lethale, Atropa belladonna — s. Lignosum, S. 
 dulcamara. 
 
 SoLANUM Lycoper'sicum; Lycoper'sicon escu- 
 lent'um, Lycoper'sicum jwmum nmo'ris, S. Hum- 
 hold' tii seu pjseudolycoper' sicum. Malum lycoper'- 
 sicum, Love-apj}l.e plant. The fruit of this, called 
 Toma'ta or Love-apple, (F.) Pomine d' Amour, is 
 much eaten in the United States ; and, with the 
 French, Spaniards, Portuguese, Ac, forms an es- 
 teemed sauce. 
 
 SoLANUM Magnum Virginianum^Rubrdm, Phy- 
 tolacca decandra — s. Maniacum, Atropa bella- 
 donna. Datura stramonium — s. Melanocerasus, 
 Atropa belladonna. 
 
 SoLANUM Melon'gena, Blelongena, Egg-plant, 
 Mud Apple plant ; (F.) Aubergine. A native of 
 Asia, Africa, and America. Its oblong, egg- 
 shaped fruit, Ponum Melon'gentB, 3Iahmi insa'- 
 niun, is prepared in soups and sauces in those 
 countries, like the tomata. 
 
 Solanuji Nigrum, Solanum. 
 
 SoLANUM Niv'eum. a South African plant, 
 the leaves of which, applied to foul ulcers, cleanse 
 them. The fresh juice of the berries and leaves, 
 made into an ointment with lard or fat, is used 
 by the farmers for the same pvirpose. 
 
 Solanum Parmenterii, S. tuberosum — s. 
 Pseudolycopersicum, S. Lycopersicum — s. Qua- 
 drifolium, Paris — s. Racemosum Americanum, 
 Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 Solanum Sanctum ; Palestine Nightshade. 
 The fruit of this is gloljular, and is much eaten 
 in the countries where it is a native. 
 
 Solanum Scandens, S. Dulcamara. 
 
 Solanum Tuberos'um, Bata'bas, Solavvm ea- 
 culen'tum seu Parmente'rii, Lycoper'sicum tnbero'- 
 sum, Papas America'nus, Pappus Americu'nvSf 
 America'num Tubero'sum, Batta'ta Virginia'na; 
 the Pota'to, (F.) Poinme de Terre. A native of 
 Peru. A nutritious and wholesome vegetable; 
 one of the most useful, indeed, that exists. One 
 hundred pounds of potatoes aflFord ten pounds of 
 starch, which is equal to arrow-root, as a nutrient 
 and demulcent. It is called Potato Flour, P. 
 Starch, French Sago, Petit Sague, Common Arroip- 
 root, &o. 
 
 Solanum Urens, Capsicum annuum — s. Vesi- 
 carium, Physalis — s. Vulgare, Solauum. 
 
 SOLAR, Sola'ris, from sol, 'the sun.' Relating 
 to the sun ; having rays like the sun. 
 
 Solar Plexus, Plexus sola'ris, Centrum com- 
 mu'ne, Cer'ebrum abdomina'le. A collection of 
 ganglions and filaments, interweaving and anas- 
 tomosing with each other repeatedly, and belong-- 
 ing to the system of the great sympathetic. This 
 vast plexus, lying on the vertebral column, the 
 aorta, and the pillars of the diaphragm, has a 
 very irregular shape. The ganglions and fila- 
 ments composing it are soft, reddish, and almost 
 all issue from the semilunar ganglions. It re- 
 ceives, also, branches from the pneumogastric. 
 It seems to be chiefly intended for the aorta, and 
 accompanies all its branches; furnishing many 
 secondary plexuses, which are called the infra- 
 diaphragmatic, coeliac, superior mesenteric, in- 
 ferior mesenteric, renal or emulgent, spermatic, 
 &o. 
 
 SOLDANELLA, Convolvulus soldaneUa. 
 
 SOLDIER'S WEED, Matico. 
 
SOLE 
 
 796 
 
 SOLUTION 
 
 SOLE, Solum, Solea, JBasis oor'poris, Ichnus, 
 Superfi.c"ies 2>^'^nta'ris pedis, Peti'na, Vestig"ium, 
 Pe'dion, Peza, Pehna, Planta'ris svperficies pedis, 
 Fa'cies conca'va seu infe'rior seu Planum seu 
 Concavum seu Pars inferior seu Planit"ies seu 
 Planta seu Vola pedis, (F.) Plante du Pied. The 
 sole of the foot ; the under surface of the foot. 
 
 SOLEAj Sole — s. Ipecacuanha, see Ipecacu- 
 anha. 
 
 SOLE AIRE, Soleus. 
 
 SOLEN, Cradle, see Vertehral column. 
 
 SOLENA'RIUM, from cu>\r,v, 'a canal.' An 
 instrument of surgery, representing a kind of 
 gutter, in the cavity of ■v^hich the penis was 
 placed, like a limb in a cradle. — Galen. The 
 word Solen itself — o-uXjji/, Cana'lis — was used, in 
 antiquity, for a grooved channel, in which a frac- 
 tured limb was placed. 
 
 SOLEN OSTEMMA ARGEL, Gynanchum 
 oleasfolium. 
 
 SOLE 'US, Gastrocne'miiia inter'nus, Tihiocal- 
 canien, (Ch.;) (F.) Soleaire, from solea, 'a sole 
 of a shoe.' A muscle situate at the posterior part 
 of the leg. It is broad, flat, and almost oval ; 
 and is attached, above, to the posterior edge of 
 the fibula, to the oblique line on the posterior 
 surface, and to the inner edge of the tibia. It 
 terminates, below, by a large tendon, which unites 
 to that of the gastrocnemius externus, to form the 
 tendo Achillis. This muscle extends the foot on 
 the leg, and conversely. 
 
 SOLID, Sol'idus, Ste'reos. A body whose in- 
 tegrant molecules are so united by the force of 
 cohesion, that they will not separate by their own 
 weight. The solids, in the human body, are the 
 bones, cartilages, tendons, muscles, ligaments, 
 arteries, veins, nerves, membranes, skin, &c. The 
 anatomy, or rather study of the solids, is called 
 Stereol'ogy, from nTcpeog, 'solid,' and \oyos, 'a 
 discourse.' 
 
 SOLIDAGO, see Solidago virgaurea — s. Sara- 
 eenica, S. virgaurea. 
 
 Solida'go Rig"ida, Rigid Goldenrod, Bones' 
 styptic ; indigenous ; of the Composite family, 
 flowering in August and September; is astringent 
 and tonic. 
 
 Solida'go Virgau'rba, S. vulga'ris seu Sara- 
 ccn'ica, Virga aiirea, Herha do'rea, Cony'za coma 
 aurea, Sym'phytum Petrm'uTn, Elichry' sum, Con- 
 sol'ida seu Saracen'ica, Golden rod. Nat. Ord. 
 Compositse Corymbifer^. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia 
 superflua. (F.) Verge d'or. The leaves oi Soli- 
 da'go odo'ra — Solida'go (Ph. U. S.) — and the 
 flowers have been recommended as aperients and 
 tonics, in urinary diseases, and in internal hemor- 
 rhage. 
 
 Solidago Vulgaris, S. virgaurea. 
 
 SOL'IDISM, Patholog"ia solida'ris. The doc- 
 trine of those physicians who refer all diseases to 
 alterations of the solid parts of the body. To the 
 believers in this doctrine, the appellation Sol'id- 
 ists has been given. The solidists think that the 
 solids alone are endowed with vital properties ; 
 that they alone can receive the impression of 
 morbific agents, and be the seat of pathological 
 phenomena, Solidism has been the prevalent 
 doctrine. It is scarcely necessary to say, that in 
 alt our investigations, the condition of both solids 
 and fluids must be regarded. 
 
 SOLIUM, Baignoire, Taenia solium — s. Pedis, 
 Metatarsus. 
 
 SOLUBIL'ITY, Solubil'itas, from solvere, so- 
 luttim, ' to dissolve.' That property of a body by 
 virtue of which it can be dissolved in a men- 
 struum. 
 
 TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITT OF SOME StrBSTANCEg 
 IN WATER. 
 
 NAMES OF SALTS. 
 
 jlcids. 
 
 Benzoic 
 
 Citrio 
 
 Oxalic 
 
 Tartaric 
 
 Salts. 
 Acetate of Potassa. 
 Soda.... 
 
 Bitartiate of Potassa... 
 
 Borate of Soda 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia 
 
 Magnesia. 
 
 Potassa... 
 
 Soda 
 
 Chlorate of Potassa . 
 Soda . .. • 
 
 Chloride of Lime 
 
 Magnpsiiim 
 
 Potassium. . 
 
 Sodium . . . . 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia. 
 
 Nitrate of Potassa 
 
 Soda 
 
 Phosphate of Soda 
 
 Sulphate of Ammonia , 
 
 Copper . . . 
 
 Iron 
 
 Maenesia ■ 
 
 — Potassa 
 
 — Soda... 
 
 Supersulphate of Potassa 
 
 Tartrate of Potassa 
 
 Potassa and Soda 
 
 Antimony & Potassa 
 
 Solubility ir 
 
 100 1 
 
 parts water. | 
 
 at 60° 
 
 at212- 
 
 0.208 
 
 4.17 
 
 133 
 
 200 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 very soluble 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 1.5 
 
 33 
 
 8.4 
 
 16.8 
 
 50 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 ti 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 200 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 35.42 
 
 36.16 
 
 33 
 
 100 
 
 14.25 
 
 100 
 
 33 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 IflO 
 
 100 
 
 133 
 
 6.25 
 
 20 
 
 37 
 
 125 
 
 5.0 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 0.6 
 
 33 
 
 SOLUM, Sole. 
 
 SOLUTE, Solution. 
 
 SOLUTIO, Solution — s. Alexiteria Gaubiana, 
 see Disinfection — s. Ammonire subcarbonatis, 
 Liquor ammonias subcarbonatis — s. Arsenicali.?, 
 Liquor arsenicalis — s. Arsenicata, Liquor arseni- 
 calis — s. Arsenitis kalicse. Liquor arsenicalis — s. 
 Calcis, Liquor calcis — s. Camphorae aetherea, 
 Tinctura aetherea camphorata — s. Camphorae 
 oleosa, Linimentum camphorae — s. Continui, So- 
 lution of continuity — s. Ferri nitratis, Liquor 
 Ferri nitratis — s. Guaiaci gummosa, Mistura 
 guaiaci — s. Muriatis barytae, Baryta, muriate of 
 
 — s. Muriatis calcis, see Calcis murias — s. Muri- 
 atis ferrici aetherea, Tinctura seu alcohol sulfu- 
 rico-eethereus ferri — s. Muriatis hydrargyri oxy- 
 genati, Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — s. Potas- 
 sii iodidi iodureta, Liquor iodini compositus — s, 
 Resinae guaiaci aquosa, Mistura guaiaci — s. Sub- 
 carbonatis ammoniaci spirituosa, SpLritus ammo- 
 nite. 
 
 SoLUTio Sulpha'tis Cupri Compos'ita, Aqvn 
 vitriol'ica cceru'lea, Sydenham's Styptic Water. 
 (Sidph. cvpri, §iij, alum., acid, sulph., aa ^ij, 
 aqnce, §viij : dissolve, and filter.) A styptic, and, 
 largely diluted, an astringent collyriuni. 
 
 SOLU'TION, Solu'tio, Lysis, (F.) Diasohilion, 
 An operation which consists in dissolving a solid 
 body in a menstruum. Likewise, the product of 
 such operation — Solu'tum, (F.) SolntS. It means, 
 also, with many, the termination of a disease: — 
 with others, a termination accompanied bj' critical 
 signs ; — and, with others, again, it is synonymous 
 with crisis. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Ammonia, Liquor 
 ammonite acetatis — s. of Acetate of morphia. 
 Liquor morphias acetatis — s. Alkaline, see Fuli- 
 gokali — s. of Alkaline iron, Liquor ferri alkalini 
 
 — s. of Alum, compound, Liquor aluminis com- 
 positus — s. of Ammoniated copper, Liquor cupri 
 ammoniati — s. Arsenical, Liquor arsenicalis — a. 
 of Charcoal, concentrated, see Tinctura catechu 
 
SOLUTIVUS 
 
 797 
 
 SONDE 
 
 — 8. of CHorinatcd soda, Liquor sodae chlorinatse 
 — s. of Citrate of magnesia, see Magnesise citras 
 — 8. of Citrate of potassa. Liquor potassse citratis 
 — s. of Continuitj', see Continuity — s. of Corrosive 
 sublimate. Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — s. 
 Donovan's, see Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of 
 
 — s. Fowler's, Liquor arsenicalis — s. of Hydrio- 
 date of potass, Liquor potassag hydriodatis — s. 
 of Iodide of iron. Liquor ferri iodidi — s. of Iodine, 
 compound. Liquor iodini eompositus — s. of Iron, 
 nitrated, see Tinetura ferri muriatis — s. Labar- 
 raque's Eaii de Jnvelle — s. of Lime, Liquor calcis 
 
 — s. Lugol's, Liquor iodini eompositus — s. of 
 Magnesia, condensed. Magnesia, fluid — s. of 
 Monro, Liquor of Monro — s. of Nitrate of iron, 
 Liquor ferri nitratis — s. of Oxymuriate of mer- 
 cury, Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — s. Plenck's, 
 see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — s. de Potasse, 
 Liquor potassae — s. of Potassa, Liquor potassse — 
 E. of Sesquinitrate of iron. Liquor ferri nitratis — s. 
 of Subaeetate of Lead, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
 — s. of Subaeetate of lead, diluted, Liquor plumbi 
 subacetatis dilutus — s. of Subearbonate of potass. 
 Liquor potassae subcarbonatis — s. of Sulphate of 
 morphia, Liquor morphias sulphatis — s. of Tartar- 
 ized antimony, Vinum antimonii tartarizati — s. of 
 Ternitrate of sesquioxide of iron, Liquor ferri ni- 
 tis — s. of Van Swieten, Liquor hydrargyri oxy- 
 muriatis. 
 
 SOLUTIVUS, Laxative. 
 SOLUTUM, Solution. 
 
 SOLVENS, Solvent — s. Minerale, Liquor ar- 
 senicalis. 
 
 SOLVENT, Solvens, (F.) Fondant, from solvere, 
 ' to dissolve.' A medicine supposed to possess 
 the property of dissolving or removing obstruc- 
 tions and extraneous substances. Thus we have 
 solvents of the stone in the bladder, &c. See 
 Dissolventia. 
 
 Solvent, Mixeral, Liquor arsenicalis. 
 SOMA, Body, Corpus. 
 SOMACETICS, Gymnastics. 
 SOMAT'IC, Somat'icus ; from caifia, 'the body.' 
 That which concerns the body : — as somatic death, 
 or death of the body, in contradistinction to 
 molecular death or the death of a part. 
 
 SOMATODYM'IA, from uu>^a, ouinaro;, 'the 
 body,' and ivM, ' I enter into.' A double mon- 
 strosity in which the trunks are united. Of this, 
 there are several varieties ; — Vertehrodym'ia, 
 where the union is by the vertebrae ; Ischiodym' ia, 
 by the ossa ischii; Sternodym'ia, by the sternum; 
 Siqyra.oriqihalodym'ia, (F.) Sus-omphalodymie, by 
 the super-umbilical regions ; Snpra et infra-om- 
 2>halodymia, by the superior and inferior um- 
 bilical regions; and Sfemo-ompJialodym'ia, where 
 the union is by both the sternal and the umbili- 
 cal regions. — Crnveilhier. 
 
 SOMATOL'OGY, Somatolog"ia, from cwna, 
 ' the body,' and \0y05, ' a discourse.' A treatise 
 on the human body. Anatomy. 
 SOMATOTOMY, Anatomy. 
 SOMMEIL, Sleep. 
 
 SOMNAMBULATION, Somnambulism. 
 SOMNAM'BULISM, Snmnamhula'tio, Hypno- 
 hctte'sis, Hypnohata'sis, Hypnohati'a, Jihembas'- 
 rnus. Lunutis'mus, Hypnoner'gia, Selenoga'mia, 
 Ny<:tohate'sis, Autonyctohati' n , Seleni'asis, Selen- 
 io.s'mus, Somnamhidis'nins, Nyctoh'asis, Noctam- 
 hida'tio, Noctamhxdis'mus, Nyctoha'dia, Nyctoha'- 
 ita, Stpli'itu, Syph'itn, Paroni'ria am'bulans, 
 , Noctisur'gi'nm, Oneirodyn'ia acti'va, So-mno-vigil, 
 Somnambida'tion, Sleep-walliing, from sommts, 
 'sleep,' and amhulare, 'to walk.' A condition of 
 the brain which occasions the individual to exe- 
 cute, during sleep, some of those actions that 
 commonly take place when awake. It has been 
 Imagined that the somnambulist is guided solely 
 
 by his internal senses ; but there are many facts 
 which induce the belief that the external senses 
 are not always entirely suspended. The causes 
 of somnambulism are very obscure ; and the prin- 
 cipal indication of treatment is, — so to arrange 
 the bed-chamber of the somnambulist, that he 
 cannotget out of it during sleep; and to avoid sup- 
 pers, as well as all bodily and mental excitement. 
 
 Somnambulism, Magnet'ic Mesmeric, or Arti- 
 Flc"lAL, Somnambulis'mus artificia'lis, Cataph'ora 
 magnet' tea, Hyp'notism, Somnip)'atliy, is that pe- 
 culiar condition, into which individuals have been 
 thrown by the Animal Magnetizer. It has oc- 
 curred only in those of weak nervous tempera- 
 ment; in hysterical females, &c. 
 
 S M nam BULISMUS, Somnambulism— s. 
 Artificialis, Somnambulism, magnetic. 
 
 SOMNAM'BULIST, Somnam'hidus, BypnoV- 
 ates, Noetain'bidus, Lunat'icus, Noctam'bido, Som- 
 nam'bulo. A sleep-walker. 
 
 SOMNAMBULIS'TIC. Relating or apper- 
 taining to somnambulism, — as the ' somnambu- 
 lis'tic state.' 
 
 SOMNAMBULO, Somnambulist. 
 
 SOMNIA'TIO, from somnium, ' a dream.' The 
 act of dreaming. 
 
 SoMNiATio MoRBOSA, Oncironosus — s. in Statu 
 Vigili, Hallucination. 
 
 SOMNIF'EROUS, Som'nifer, Sopor'ifer, Eyp. 
 not'icu^, Hypnop>oe'us, Soporati'vus, Sojiorif'ic, 
 Soporif'erons. A medicine which causes sleep. 
 
 SOMNIL'OQUIST; same etymon as the next 
 One who talks in his sleep. 
 
 SOMNILO'QUIUM, Somniloqnis'mus, Somnil'- 
 oqtdsm, from somniis, ' sleep,' and loquor, ' I 
 speak.' Talking in the sleep. 
 
 SOMNOPATHY, Somnambulism, magnetic. 
 
 SOM'NIUM, Enyp'nion, Insom'ninm, a Dream, 
 (F.) Eeve, Songe. A confused assemblage, or 
 accidental and involuntary combination of ideas 
 and images, which present themselves to the 
 mind during sleep. Dr. S. Mitchell, of New York, 
 used the word Somnium to signify the state be- 
 tween sleeping and waking, in which persona 
 perform acts of which they are unconscious. 
 
 For 'waking dreams,' see Hallucination. 
 
 Those distressing dreams which occur during 
 a state of half sleep, are called, by the French, 
 Eevasseries, 
 
 SOMNO-VIGIL, Somnambulism. 
 
 SOM'NOLENCY, Somnolen'tia, HypncsstJie'sis, 
 Hyp>no' dia,Dormita' tio, Heav'iness, Cams Lethar'- 
 gu8 Catajih'ora, Cataphora, Coma Somnolen' turn , 
 Caro'sis, Slumber, (F.) Assoupissement. Sleepi- 
 ness. Also a state intermediate between sleeping 
 and waking. It is often a symptom of disease. 
 
 SOMNUS, Sleep. 
 
 SOMPNUS, Sleep. 
 
 SON, Furfur, Sound. 
 
 SONCHUS, S. Olera'eeiis, Hiera'cium olera'- 
 ceum, Cicer'bita, Sow Thistle, (F.) Laiteron doux. 
 Family, CichoraccK. Most of the species of Son- 
 chus abound with a milky juice, which is very 
 bitter, and said to possess diuretic virtu°=. 
 
 SoNCHUS FLORiDANrs, Mulgedium Florida- 
 num. 
 
 SONDE, Sound, Specillum — s. Cannlee, Di- 
 rector 
 
 SONDE D'ANEL. A very fine stylet of sil- 
 ver, awl-shaped at one end. It is used for pro- 
 bing the lachrymal passages through the punc- 
 tum lacrymale. 
 
 SONDE DE BELLOC. An instrument in- 
 vented by Belloc for plugging the nasal fossae, 
 in cases of hemorrhage. It consists of a curved 
 silver canula, open it both ends, and furnished 
 with a button. The instrument is passed through 
 the nares to the throat; and a plug is atta 
 
SONDE 
 
 798 
 
 SORE 
 
 to the button, so that, when the instrument is 
 drawn forwards through the nose, the posterior 
 nostril is stopped. 
 
 SOiVBE BRIS^E, (F.)- Eyed probe. A long, 
 straight stylet, composed of two parts, which may 
 he screwed to each other; blunt at one end, and 
 furnished at the other with an eye, so that it may 
 be used either as a probe for punctured wounds, 
 or for a seton needle. 
 
 SONDE A OONDUCTEUR, (F.) A modifi- 
 cation of the ordinary catheter ; — to facilitate the 
 changing of catheters, without the fear of making 
 false passages. It is a common catheter, open at 
 its beak. The Stylet or Mandrin is one half 
 longer than that of the ordinary catheter. To 
 use the instrument, the stylet is pushed into the 
 cavity of the bladder through the catheter. The 
 latter is then withdrawn by slipping it over the 
 stylet, which is kept in its place, and serves as a 
 guide to a fresh catheter. 
 
 SONDE A DARD, see Lithotomy (high ope- 
 ration.) 
 
 SONDE DE LAFOREST. A small, crooked 
 canula, used for probing the nasal duet from be- 
 low upwards, and for throwing injections into it. 
 SONDE on PINCE DE HUNTER. A cy- 
 lindrical silver canula; of the size of a common 
 catheter ; open at both extremities, and contain- 
 ing a wire of iron, one of the ends of which is 
 split into two parts ; each being terminated by a 
 small silver scoop, and separating from each Other 
 by virtue of their elasticity, when pushed out of 
 the canula, and again approximating when drawn 
 in. It has been used for laying hold of small 
 calculi in the urethra. 
 
 SONDE DE VARECQ, Soda, 
 SONGE, Somnium. 
 
 SONITUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium — s. 
 Fluidi, Ilygrecheraa — s. Hepaticus, Hepat^che- 
 ma — s. Intestinalis, Enterechema — s. Stoma- 
 chicus, Gasterechema. 
 
 SONOROUS RHONCHUS, Rale sonore. 
 SONUS, Sound — s. Vocis, Accent. 
 SOOJA, see Dolichos. 
 
 SOOJIE, EASTER'S, a farinaceous article 
 of diet, is said to consist of wheat flour sweetened 
 with sugar. 
 
 SOOL, Gastroperiodynia. 
 SOOT, Fuligo — s. Tea, see Fuligokali — s. 
 Wart, Cnncer, chimney-sweeper's. 
 
 SOPHIA, Si;-ymbrium sophia — 3. Chirurgo- 
 rum, Sisj'mbrium sophia. 
 
 SOPHISTICATION, Falsification. 
 SOPHO'RA HEPTAPIIYL'LA, Anticholer'- 
 ica. Familji, Leguminosse. Sex. Si/st. Decan- 
 dria Monogynia. The root and seeds of this 
 shrub are intensely bitter, and are said to have 
 been found useful in cholera, colic, dysentery, <fec. 
 SOPHORA Tincto'riA, Baptis'ia tiiicto'ria, 
 Podali/r'ia Tiiicto'ria, Iiidi(jof'ern, Wild In- 
 digo, Indifjo Weed, Broom, Jndir/o Broom, Horse- 
 Jly Weed, Yellow Broom, Clover Broom, Rattle 
 Bush, Yellow Indiffo. An American plant, the 
 taste of whose root is unpleasant, sub-acrid, and 
 nauseous — very similar to ipecacuanha. In a 
 large dose, the bark of the root acts both as an 
 emetic and cathartic. It has been considered 
 antiseptic and febrifuge, and has been used, in 
 the form of fomentation or cataplasm, in phage- 
 denic and gangrenous ulcers. A liniment, pre- 
 pared by simmering the cortical part of the root 
 in cream, has been found an effioaeious applica- 
 Mon to sore nipples nnd to ulcerated breasts. 
 
 Baptis'ia Leucan'llia, Tall tchite false Indigo, 
 an indigenous plant, has the same properties. 
 SOPHRONISTiE BENTES, see Dentition. 
 
 SOPHRONISTERESDENTES, see Dentition. 
 
 SOPHROSYNE, Temperance. 
 
 SOPIENS, Paregoric. 
 
 SOPIO, Opium. 
 
 SOPOR. A profound sleep, from which the 
 person can be roused with difficulty. It is a 
 symptom in many of the neuroses. 
 
 Sopor Caroticus, Carus. 
 
 SOPORARIiE ARTERI^, Carotids. 
 
 SOPORATIVUS, Somniferous. 
 
 SOPORIFEROUS, Somniferous. 
 
 SOPORIFIC, Somniferous. 
 
 SO'POROUS, So'2iorus, from sopor, 'sleep.' 
 Sleepy : causing sleep. 
 
 SORA, Essera. 
 
 SORB TREE, Sorbus domestica, 
 
 SORBASTRELLA, Pimpinella saxifraga. 
 
 SORBEFA'CIENT, Sorbe/a'ciens, from gor~ 
 here, ' to suck in,' and facere, ' to make.' A 
 remedy that promotes absorption. 
 
 The following are the chief sorbefacients : — 
 Acida Vegetabilia; Alkalia; Ammoniacum; Bro- 
 minum; Galbanum ; Hydrargyri Prasparata ; lo- 
 dinum ; Liquor Calcii chloridi ; Spongia usta ; 
 Compression, (methodical;) Friction; Mental 
 Sorbefacients, (Imagination, Emotions.) 
 
 SORBETHUM, Sherbet. 
 
 SORBETTUM, Sherbet. 
 
 SORBETUM, Sherbet. 
 
 SORRIER DES OISELEURS, Sorbus acu- 
 paria. 
 
 SORBITIO, Jus. 
 
 SoRBiTio Carnis seu Ex Carne. Bro>h or 
 soup made of meat. 
 
 SORBITUM, Jus. 
 
 SORBUM, see Sorbus domestica. 
 
 SORBUS, Cratasgus aria, S. domestica. 
 
 SoRBDS Acupa'ria, scu Aucvjja'ria, Mes'pilut, 
 31. acupa'ria, Moitutain Service, 3fountaia Ash, 
 QuicJcen tree. Roan tree, (F.) Sorbier des Oise- 
 lenrs. The berries of this tree are employed for 
 similar purposes as the last. 
 
 Sorbus Alpina, Crataegus aria — s. Aria, Ct!»- 
 ta\gus aria — s. Aueuparia, S. acuparia — s. Cydo- 
 nia, Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 Sorbus Domest'ica, Sorbus, Pyrus domes'tien, 
 Ifes'pilus domes'tica, Oie, Service or Sorb Tree, 
 (F.) Cormier. Family, Rosaeeae. Sex. Syst. 
 Icosandria Trigynia. The fruit of this tree, Sor- 
 bum, is astringent, and has been recommended in 
 diarrhoea and dysentery. It is given in the form 
 of rob. A kind of cider is made from it, and also 
 brandy. 
 
 Sorbus Malus, Pyrus mains. 
 
 SORDES, RJiypos. A dirty-looking sanies, 
 discharged from ulcers. Also, accumulations of 
 the secretions of the mouth, on the teeth in ady- 
 namic fevers more especially, and of foul matteri 
 in the stomach — Sordes prim' arum ma'rum,Rhy- 
 pa'ria. The French call an ulcer, exhibiting 
 such an appearance, sordid. Also dirt of any 
 kind. 
 
 SoRBES, Ichor, Saburra — s. Acidaj, Acidities 
 — s. Aurium, Cerumen — s. Primarum viarum, 
 Embarras gastriqtie, see Sordes — s. Ventris, E.v- 
 crement. 
 
 SORDICUL^ AURIUM, Cerumen. 
 
 SORE, Ulcer. 
 
 Sore, Bay. A disease which Mosely considers 
 to be a true cancer. It is endemic in the Bay 
 of Honduras. 
 
 Sore - Mouth, Stomatitis — s. Clergyman's, 
 Pharyngitis, follicular — s. Gangrenous, Cancer 
 aquaticus — s. Inflammatory, Cynanche tonsil 
 laris — s. Putrid, Cynanche maligna — s. Throat, 
 Cynanche — s. Throat, tubercular, Pharyngitis, 
 follicular — s Throat, ulcerous, Cynanche oaa- 
 ligna. 
 
SORENESS 
 
 799 
 
 SPAGYRISTS 
 
 SOREiSTESS, from Teut. seer, (G.) Sehr, 
 'very,' Sax. )"ap, Pairqi'sis acris teneritu'do. 
 Painful uneasiness or tenderness, local or gene- 
 ral, on being touched with a pressure that does 
 not usually excite distressing feeling. Often, a 
 febrile symptom. Also, the tenderness of a 
 ■wound, ulcer, &o. 
 
 SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum. 
 
 SOPtOCCO, Puna; 
 
 SOROCHE, Puna. 
 
 SORORIA'TIO. The period at which the 
 breasts of the female become developed. The act 
 of becoming thus developed. A young maiden, 
 whose mammae begin to show, was formerly 
 called sororiixns viri/o. — Plautus. 
 
 SORREL, COMMON, Rumex acetosa — s. 
 French, Rumex scutatus — s. Garden, Rumex 
 ecutatus — s. Mountain, Oxalis acetosella, Oxy- 
 ria reniformis — s. Salt of, Potass, oxalate of — s. 
 Roman, Rumex scutatus — s. Tree, Andromeda 
 arborea — s. AVhite, Oxalis acetosella — s. Welsh, 
 Oxj'ria reniformis. 
 
 SOSTRUM, improperly Sofrum; from cra^eiv, 
 'to save.' A reward given to one who saves the 
 life of another. A physician's fee or honoi-aruiiii. 
 
 SOTERIA DOCTRINA, Medicina. 
 
 SOTERI^ AQU^, Waters, mineral. 
 
 SOTIREL'LA. Ancient name of a medicine 
 composed of opium, several narcotics, nutmeg, 
 eaffron, camphor and soot. It was used in cer- 
 tain diseases of the teeth. 
 
 SOTRUM, Sostrum. 
 
 ^'0 UBRESA UT, Subsultns tendinum. 
 
 SOUCHERLOON, Bit noben. 
 
 SOUCHET DES INDES, Curcuma longa — 
 », Odorant, Cyperus longus — s. liond, Cyperus 
 rotundns. 
 
 SOUCr, Calendula officinalis, Panophobia — 
 8. des Champs, Calendula arvensis — s. Ordinaire, 
 Calendula otHeinalis. 
 
 SOUDE, Soda — s. AcSjnte de, Soda, acetate 
 of — s. Acre, Sodse carbonas — s. Borate de. Bo- 
 rax — s. Borate sursature de. Borax — s. Carhouate 
 de, Sodaj carbonas — s. Caustique, Soda caustica 
 -— e. a la Chau.v, Soda Caustica—.?. Chlorure de. 
 Soda, chloride of — • s. du Commerce, Soda — s. 
 Grayeuse, Soda^ carbonas — «. Ejfervescente, Sodee 
 carbonas — s. Hjiposulfite de. Soda, hj'posulphite 
 of — s. Phosphate de, Soda, phosphate of — s. ct de 
 Potnsse, Tartrate de. Soda, tartrate of — s. Pure, 
 Soda caustica — s. Soushorate de. Borax — s. Sous- 
 earhonat-e de. Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Sulfate 
 de, Soda, sulphate of. 
 
 SOUFFLE, see Murmur, respiratory — s. Am- 
 phorique, see Cavernous respiration — s. ILetal- 
 Uque, see Cavernous respiration — s. Placentaire, 
 Brtiit jdacentaire — s. Tubaire, see Murmur, re- 
 spiratory — .9. Uteri)!, Brnit placentaire — s. Voile, 
 see Cavernous respiration. 
 
 SOUFliE, Sulphur — s. Todure de, Sulphuris 
 iodidum — s. Sublime, Sulphur sublimatum. 
 
 SOUND, Spccill'um, Stylus, E.rplorato'rium, 
 Radi'olus, (F.) Sonde. An instrument used by 
 surgeons to discover whether there be a stone in 
 the bladder. It is usually made of highly po- 
 lished steel, and is shaped like the- catheter. The 
 operation is termed sounding. 
 
 The French Sonde has, however, a more ex- 
 tensive signification. It means different instru- 
 laents introdut-ed into cavities of certain organs, 
 or into wounds, fistulas, &c., to investigate their 
 condition, or to fulfil some therapeutical indica- 
 tion. See Sonde. 
 
 Sound, Sonus, Echos, Noise, (F.) Son, Bruit. 
 The sensation produced on the auditory nerve by 
 the vibrations of a sonorous body. Sounds may 
 be propagated in three modes. 1. By reciproca'- 
 tiirti or con' sonance, as when a sounding body, of 
 
 a definite pitch, produces a musical tone when. 
 another body of the same pitch is sounded near 
 it. 2. Biy res'onauce, as when a sounding body 
 is placed in connection with another, one or more 
 of whose parts may be thrown into reciprocal vi- 
 bration ; and 3. By conduc'tion, as where the vi- 
 brations are transmitted through fluid, liquid, or 
 solid media. 
 
 Sound, Catheterize, S. Auricular, Apyromele — 
 s. Bellows, friction, rasp, saw, lancet, &c., see 
 Bruit — s. Crumpling, pulmonary, Froissemcht 
 pulmonaire — s. Laryngeal, Larj^ngeche. 
 SOUNDING, Searching, see Sound. 
 SOUNDNESS OF MIND, Sanity. 
 SO UP IB, Sigh. 
 
 SOUR BERRY, see Oxycantha Galeni, Vaeci- 
 nium oxycoccos — s. Dock, boreal, Oxyria reni- 
 formis — s. Leaf, Andromeda arborea — s. Tree 
 Andromeda arborea — s. Wood, Andromeda ar- 
 borea. 
 
 SOURCIL, Supercilium. 
 
 SOURGILIER, Corrugator supercilii, Super- 
 ciliary. 
 
 SOURBS MUETS, see Mutitas surdorutn. 
 SOUR IS, Nictation. 
 
 SO US- A CR OMIO-CLA VT-HUMERAL, Del- 
 toid — s. Atlo'idien, Subatloidajus — s. Axoidien, 
 Subaxoidasus — s. Clavier, Subclavius — s. Costuux, 
 Intercostal — s. Cutane, Subcutaneous — s. Epi~ 
 neux, Infra-spinatus — s. Lingual, Sub-lingual — s. 
 Maxillaire, Submaxillary — s. Maxillo- Labial, 
 Depressor anguli oris — s. 3/ental, Submental — ,«. 
 3Ietacarpio-hiteri-p)halangien, Prior annularis — k. 
 Optico-sj^heno-scleroticien, Rectus inferior oculi — 
 s. Orhilaire, Suborbitar — s. Pubio-coccygien, Le- 
 vator ani — .9. Pubio-creti-tibial, Gracilis — s. Pii~ 
 bio-pretibial, Gracilis — s. Pubio-trochanterien-ex- 
 terne. Obturator externus — s. Pubio-trochantirieu- 
 interne, Obturator internus — s. Scapulaire, Sub- 
 scapularis — s. Scapulo-trocMnien, Subscapularia 
 — s. Sels, see Salt. 
 
 SOUTHERNWOOD, Artemisia abrotanum — 
 s. Field, Artemisia campestris — s. Maritime, Ar- 
 temisia maritima — s. Tartarian, Artemisia santo- 
 nica. 
 
 SOWBREAD, Arthanita, Cyclamen. 
 SOWENS, Flummery. 
 SOY, see Dolichos soja. 
 SOYMIDA, Swietenia febrifuga. 
 SPA, MINERAL WATERS OF. A town 
 seven leagues southeast of Liege, where there 
 are several springs, possessing a sharp acidulous 
 taste ; containing much carbonic acid, carbonates 
 of iron, lime, and magnesia; carbonate of soda, 
 and chloride of sodium. The water is much used 
 as a tonic. 
 
 Spa AVater, Artificial. Soda subcarb., gr. 
 vij ; magnesioB carbon., Qj ; limaf. fcrri., gr. iij ; 
 Bodii chlorid., gr. j ; aqua, Oiij. Impregnate 
 with gas from marble powder and sulph. acid., 
 ail Qx. 
 
 SPACE, INTERPEDUNCULAR, Tarlni por.s 
 — s. Perforated, anterior. Locus perforatus anti- 
 cus — s. Perforated, posterior, Tarini pons. 
 SPADO, Castratus, Eunuch, Spasm. 
 SPAGYRIA, Cbymistry. 
 
 SPAG"YRISTS, from cTraw, ' I separate,' ajxl 
 ayupoi, 'I assemble;' because they reduced com- 
 pounds into elements, and formed the latter inUt 
 compounds (?). A sect of physicians, who pre- 
 tended to account for the changes ihat occur in 
 the human body in health and disease, in the sarac 
 manner as the chymists of their day explained 
 those of the inorganic kingdom. — 3ledici'na Pa- 
 raceleis'tica seu Spiagyr'ica, was likewise calieii 
 Hermet'ica, because it was believed that tho 
 
SPANJEMIA 
 
 800 
 
 SPASME 
 
 means of cure adopted in it had been found in 
 the books of Hermes. 
 
 SPAiST^'MIA, from o-n-avof, 'poor,' and 'atjia, 
 'blood.' Poverty of the blood. Diminution in 
 the quantity of fibrin and red corpuscles of the 
 blood, — as where bleeding has been carried be- 
 yond certain limits. — Simon. 
 
 SPAX^'MIC, SpancB'miciim (remedium), Dys- 
 plas'ticmn, Plastilyt'icum et erethilyt'icnm, Hcb- 
 riiatolyt'ieum, Dyscrasiacum. Same etymon as 
 the last. Relating to spansemia. 
 
 A medicine whose protracted use is said to 
 impoverish the blood, — as iodine, bromine, &c. 
 SPANDARAPUM, Sparadrapum. 
 SPANISH FLY, Cantharis. 
 SPANOPO'GON, from airavo;, 'rare,' and ttu- 
 y-j)v. ' beard.' One who has lost his beard, or has 
 a thin beard. 
 
 The Greeks called those who had little beard, 
 or who had lost it, Spanopogo'nes. 
 SPARADRAPA, Sparadrapum. 
 SPARADEAPIEB. The name of a machine 
 fir spreading sparadraps. A Plaster machine. 
 It consists of a table, with two raised pieces, mo- 
 vable, and furnished with points, by which the 
 cloth can be stretched, and of a lamina or blade 
 of metal to extend the plaster over it. 
 
 SPARADRA'PUM, Sparadra'pa, Spiaradra- 
 pus, Tela emplan'tica, Spandara'pum, (F.) Sjm- 
 rodrap. Any adhesive plaster spread upon linen 
 or paper. The chief sparadraps are the follow- 
 ing: — 
 
 Sparadrapum Adh^esi' vum, Adhe'aive Plaster. 
 A spread plaster of the Empdastrum adhcesivmn. 
 It is also called Stra.j)pinrj. 
 
 English Court Plaster is a Sparadrap, (F.) 
 T'ltjetas agglutinatif, T. gomme, Tiiffetas d'An- 
 glete)-re ; Ser'icum An'glicum, Emplas'trmn An- 
 gilriim, E. Angliaa'num, E. Adliasi'vum Wood- 
 stock' ii, E. Ichthyocol'lcB tela indue' turn, E. Glu- 
 tino'sum, Tela Ichthyocol'lcB glu'tinans, Isinglass 
 Plaster. It is made by stretching black silk, and 
 brushing it over with a solution of isinglass^], 
 in 2}>'0f^ spArit §xij, to which tinct. benzoin gij, 
 are added. When dry, this is repeated five times; 
 after this, two coats are given it of a solution of 
 tr^reh. ChicB 5iv, in tinct. hem. gvj, which render 
 it less liable to crack. 
 
 Liston's Isinglass Plaster is made by spreading 
 several coats of strong solution of isinglass in 
 weak spirit over oiled silk, or, still better, over 
 animal membrane previously prepared for the 
 purpose from the peritoneal coat of the caecum of 
 the ox. 
 
 SpARABRAPUir PRO FoxTic'uLTS, Issue Plaster, 
 is sometimes made of sinip)le diachylon, ftiij ; Biir- 
 gnndy pitch and sarcocolla, each §iv; common 
 turpentine, §j. Spread upon linen and polished 
 with a moistened calendering glass rubber. 
 
 Sparadrapum sen Tela Galteri, Defensive 
 Plaster, (F.) Toile de Gantier. This is made of 
 olive oil, Ibss; suet, §iv; tcax, §X ,• litharge, 
 common turpentine, thus, and mastich, aa ^ij ; 
 lr,le armeniac, flour, aa §j. Pour it, while 
 liquid, upon cloth, and spread. Used for issues 
 and to keep on dressings. 
 
 Sparadra'pum Vesicato'rium. Several sub- 
 stances have been introduced as substitutes for 
 blistering plaster, (see Emplastrum Lyttas,) under 
 the names. Tela vesicato'ria, Blistering Tissue, 
 <tc., and other forms of which are the Taffetas 
 vesicant, Papjier epispiastique, Gharta vesicato'ria. 
 Taffetas epispiastique. They are made of an 
 ethereal or alcoholic extract of cantharidcs, or of 
 canthcridin, mixed with wax and spread, in a 
 very fine layer, on silk or paper previously oiled 
 or waxed They ajc efficient agents. 
 
 Sparadrapum Vir'ide, Com Plaster. This 
 may be made of yelloio wax, Ibij ; Burgundy 
 pitch, ^xij ; common turpentine, ^vj ; verdigris, 
 §iij ; spread on cloth and polished. 
 
 Kennedy's Corn Plaster is made of yellow wax, 
 B) j ; Venice turpentine, "^ly, verdigris, "^i. 
 
 SPARADRAPUS, Sparadrapum. 
 
 SPARAGMA, Laceration. 
 
 SPARAGMOS. Spasm. 
 
 SPARAGUS, Asparagus. 
 
 SPARAL'LIL'M, Clyster vteri'nvs. An injec- 
 tion into the vagina. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 SPAREDIA. A ligature covered with the 
 white of egg. — Paracelsus. 
 
 SPARGA'NIUM RAMO'SUM, Great Bur- 
 reed. Indigenous; O/'rfer, Typhaceaj; flowering 
 in July and August. The roots are subastrin- 
 gent, but esculent; yielding a fine fecula, simi- 
 lar to salep. They are sometimes made into a 
 poultice for inflamed mammae. 
 
 SPAR'GANON, Spar'gannm, from aiTapyo:, 'I 
 swathe, ' I wrap.' ' Swathing clothes ;' a kind 
 of bandage, with which children were formerly 
 surrounded. — Foesius. Also, a fascia. 
 
 SPARGANO'SIS, Spargo'sis, Intvmescen'tia 
 lac'tea mamma'vum, Mastodyn'ia polyg'ala, from 
 airapyao), ' I am ready to burst.' Extreme disten- 
 tion of the breasts b}' milk. Sparganosis also 
 means the wrapping of a child in swathing clothes. 
 
 Sparganosis Puerperarum, Phlegmatia do- 
 lens. 
 
 SPARGANUM, Sparganon. 
 
 SPARROWGRASS, Asparagus. 
 
 SPARSUS, Sporadic. 
 
 SPAR'TIITM JUX'CEUM, Spanish broom. 
 A small European shrub, cultivated in the gar- 
 dens of the United States, on account of its yel- 
 low flowers. The seeds are diuretic and tonic, 
 in small doses ; emetic and cathartic in large. 
 They have been used in dropsy — 10 or 15 grains 
 three times a day. 
 
 Spartium Scopa'rium, Cyt'isus scopa'ritts, Ge- 
 nis'ta, G. scopa'rin, Genis'ta hirsu'ta, Broom, Cy- 
 tiso-genista, (F.) Genet a halai. Family, Legu- 
 minosae. Sex. Si/st. Diadelphia Decandria. B>-oom 
 Tops, Spnrtii Vacumina, Scopa'rius, Ph. U. S.,) 
 have a bitter taste, and are possessed of diuretic 
 properties. They have been used in dropsies. 
 Dose, of the powder, ^j to ^j- All the genistas 
 have similar virtues. A decoction of genista, 
 along with the cauterization of the pustules under 
 the tongue, has been recommended in hydro- 
 phobia. 
 
 Spartium Tixctorium, Genista tinctoria. 
 
 SPASM, Spasmus, Sparag'mos, Synol'ce, Spado, 
 from (Ts-ao), ' I draw.' The Greeks gave this name 
 to all kinds of convulsions. It is now usually 
 applied to involuntary muscular contractions : 
 and these, again, have been divided into tonie 
 spasm, Paroton'ia, which consists in permanent 
 rigidity and immobility of the muscles that are 
 the seat of it (see Tetanus); and clonic spasm, 
 which consists in alternate contractions and re- 
 laxations (see Convulsion). 
 
 Cullen has a class, <S}>f(sHu' — the neurospiasmi 
 of Fuchs. 
 I Spasm, Cloxic, Convulsion — s. Cynic, see Ca- 
 nine laugh — s. of the Glottis, Asthma thymicum 
 ■ -S. of the Larynx, Asthma thymicum — s. with 
 Rigidity, Tetanus. 
 
 Spasm, AVniTERs'. Involuntary spasms of the 
 muscles of the thumb and index finger, observed, 
 at times, in those who are much accustomed to 
 writing. See Cramp, writers'. 
 SPASMATICUS, Spasmoticus. 
 SPASMATODES, Spasmoticus. 
 SPASME, DE LA GLOTTE ET DU THO- 
 
SPASM! 
 
 801 
 
 SPERM 
 
 RAX, Asthma thymicum — s. de la Vessie, Cys- 
 tospasmus. 
 
 SPASMI, see Spasm. 
 RPASMODES, Convulsive, 
 SPASMODIC, Spasmoticus. 
 SPASMOL'OGYi Spasmolog" ia, from cT^aaiios, 
 'spasm, and Xoyog, 'a treatise.' A treatise on 
 spasms. 
 
 SPASMOLYGMUS, Singultus. 
 SPASMOT'ICUS, Spiismat'iciis, Spasmato'des, 
 Spas'ticus, Spastic, Spasmod'ic. Any thing re- 
 lating to spasm. Also, an antispasmodic. 
 
 Morbt constrieto'rii, 31. spasmot'ici, &c., are 
 diseases aeeompanied with spasm. 
 
 SPASMUS, Convulsion, Spasm — s. Aurium, 
 Otalgia — s. Caninus, see Canine laugh — s. Cloni- 
 cus, Convulsion — s. Cynicus, see Canine laugh — 
 s. Facialis, Tic — s. Glottidis, Asthma thymicum 
 ' — s. Linguae, Glossospasmus — s. Maxilla3 inferio- 
 ris. Trismus — s. Muscularis, Cramp — s. Musculo- 
 rum Faciei, Canine laugh — s. Universalis, Syn- 
 clonus — s. Ventriculi, see Cardialgia — s. Vesicaj, 
 Cystospasmus. 
 
 SPAS'NIA, same etymon as Spasm. A term, 
 used by Mercurialis, to designate the lancinating 
 pain produced, at times, in the chest by violent 
 tits of coughing. 
 
 SPASTIC. Spasmoticus, Tonic spasm. 
 SPASTICUM, Tetanic. 
 SPATHA, Hypaleiptron. 
 
 SPATHES'TER, from tr-acu, 'I draw.' (?) A 
 surgical instrument, used for drawing the prepuce 
 over the glans, when too short. — P. Amman. 
 SPATHOMELE, Spatula. 
 SPATHULA, Scapula, Spatula — s. Foetida, 
 Iris foetidissima. 
 
 SPATHYEMA FCETIDA, Dracontium fceti- 
 dum. 
 
 SPAT'ILE, craTL\ri, 'human excrement.' A 
 liquid fecal evacuation. Excrement. — Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 SPATIUM ORIS, Mouth— s. Trigonum, Lyra. 
 SPAT'ULA, Spath'tda, diminutive of SpatJia, 
 a-aa^ri, ' a broad-sword.' Spatliame'le, Sjiecill'uni 
 latum. An instrument used for spreading plas- 
 ters, stirring ointments, holding down the tongue, 
 &c. Also, the scapula. 
 
 Spatula pro Ore, Glossospatha. 
 SPEARWORT. Ranunculus flammula. 
 SPEAUTER, Zinc. 
 
 SPECIES, Powders, compound — s. Aromatica3, 
 Pulvis cinnamomi eompositus — s. Diacinnamo- 
 mi, Pulvis cinnamomi eompositus — s. Diacretse, 
 Pulvis cretas compos.- — -s. Diajalapse, Pulvis ja- 
 lapa3 eompositus — s. Diamhraj sine odoratis, Pul- 
 vis cinnamomi eompositus — s. Diatragacanthse 
 i'rigida;, Pulvis tragacanthae eompositus — s. Hieraj 
 piora, Pulvis aloes cum canella — s. La;tificantes 
 Rhazis, Pulvis cinnamomi eompositus — s. e Scor- 
 dio cum opio, Pulvis creta3 eompositus cum opio 
 — s. e Scordio sine opio, Pulvis cretge eompositus. 
 SPECIF'IC, Specif 'ieus, from sj^ecies, ' a form 
 or fashion,' and facere, ' to make.' A substance 
 to which is attributed the property of removing, 
 directly, one disease rather than any other. Pro- 
 bably no such remedy exists. Mercury in syphi- 
 lis, and svlpJtur in the itch, have been regarded 
 as the strongest examples. 
 
 Specific of Herrenschwanb. A once cele- 
 brated German vermifuge. It is said to have 
 consisted of 10 grains of Gamboge, with 20 of 
 Carbonate of Fotassa. It is afiirmed, that mer- 
 cury and arsenic have also been found in it. — 
 Paris. 
 
 SPECIFICUM PARACELSI, Potassse sul- 
 phas. 
 
 SPECIL'LUM, Mele, Stylus, Explorato'rium, 
 from specio, 'I examine/ Speda'rion, a probe, 
 51 
 
 (F.) Stylet, Sonde. A surgical instrument, em- 
 ployed for examining wounds, fistulas, and for 
 passing setons, <fec. It is usually formed of sil- 
 ver; and is terminated, at one end, by an olive- 
 shaped button. The eyed probe has an aperture 
 at the other extremity. 
 
 Specillum, Everriculum, Hypaleiptron, Sound 
 — s. Auricularium, Apyromele — s. Cereum, Bou- 
 gie — s.. Escavatum, Stylus excavatus- — s. Latum, 
 Spatula — s. Minus, Melotis. 
 SPECLARION, Specillum. 
 SPECTACLES, from spectare, 'to behold;' 
 Conspicil'la, (F.) Besides, Lunettes ordinaires, 
 Conserves. Glasses to assist the sight: arranged 
 so as to be adapted to both eyes. These glasses 
 are more or less concave or convex, according as 
 the sight is more or less short, (myopic,) or long, 
 [presbyopic.) When the glass is adapted to one 
 eye, it is called an Eyeglass, Conspicil'lutn, Per- 
 spicil'hun, Vitrum ocula're. 
 
 SPECULA'RIS LAPIS. A transparent mine- 
 ral, but of what nature is not clear, which was 
 formerly employed in epilepsy. In old times it 
 was used for glass. — Pliny. 
 
 SPECULUM, Catop'ter, Catop'tron, Biop'tron. 
 In Latin, 'a mirror;' from specio, 'I see.' In 
 surgery, it means different instruments for dila- 
 ting cavities, and facilitating their examination. 
 See Dilator. There are various instruments of 
 this kind, — the S. Ani, S. Auris, S. Vaginm, 
 [Colpeuryn'ter, Elytreurynter,) S. Ilatri'cis, S. 
 Oculi, S. Oris ((F.) Baillon,) S. Guttwis, S." 
 Vesica. 
 
 Speculum Citrinum, Orpiment — s. Indicum, 
 Ferri limatura — s. Lucidum, Septum lucidum — s. 
 Oris, Glossocatochus — s. Veneris, Achillea mille- 
 folium. 
 
 SPECUS, Vulva — s. Cordis, Ventricle of the 
 Heart — s. Pro medulla spinali, see Vertebral co- 
 lumn — s. Vertebralis, see Vertebral column. 
 SPEDALSKE, see Radzyge. 
 SPEDALSKHED, see Radzyge. 
 SPEECH, Voice, articulated. 
 SPEECHLESSNESS. Mutitas. 
 SPEEDIMAN'S PILLS, see Pilulse aloes et 
 myrrhse. 
 
 SPEEDWELL, BROOKLIME, Veronica bec- 
 cabunga — s. Female, Antirhinum elatiue — s. Offi- 
 cinal, Veronica — s. Purslain, Veronica peregrin* 
 — s. Water, Veronica beccabunga. 
 SPELTRUM, Zincum. 
 SPERAGUS, Asparagus. 
 
 SPERM, from o-irtipoj, 'I sow.' Spermat'ie 
 fluid or liquor, Sem'inal fluid, Seed, Semen, S^ 
 viri'le seu masculi'num seu genita'le, Semin'iiim, 
 Genita'le, Medul'la;, Rytis'ma, Bos, Sanguis, Se- 
 rum, Humor gen ita' lis seu semina'lia seu vene'- 
 reus, Uri'na genita'li^, Genitu'ra, Sperma, S. 
 viri'le, Spermi'xim, Tho're, Tho'rus, Lac maris, 
 Lagne'a, Lagni'a, Lagneu'ma, Germen, Male's 
 milk, Prop'agatory or genital liquor, Vita'le vi- 
 rus. Vital or quickening venoni, (F.) Semence, Flu- 
 ule seminal. A whitish, viscid fluid, of a peculiar 
 smell, secreted by the testicles, whence it is car- 
 ried by the vasa deferentia to the vesiculse semi- 
 nales, to be thrown into the vagina, during co- 
 ition, through the ejaculatory ducts and the ure- 
 thra. It is the fecundating fluid, and must come 
 into actual contact with the germ of the female. 
 The Aura sem'inis, Gonau'ra, is incapable of ef- 
 fecting fecundation. The semen, at the time of 
 emission, is composed of two different fluids ; the 
 one liquid and transparent, which is considered 
 to be the secretion of the prostate, — the other, 
 white, and as thick as mucilage; the product of 
 the testicular secretion. The sperm contains, ac- 
 cording to Vauquelin, 900 parts of water, OO of 
 animal mucilage, 10 of soda, and 30 of calcareous 
 
SPERMA 
 
 802 
 
 SPERMATOPCEIA 
 
 pTiospIiate. The animal matter is peculiar, and 
 l>y some termed spermatin. 
 
 Microscopic observations show that it contains 
 gpermatozu'a, or more properly spermatozo'ids ; 
 for their animalcular nature is not demonstrated. 
 They are produced in cells — sjierm-cells — and 
 have probably no more title to be considered ani- 
 malcular, than the cilia of the ciliated epithelium. 
 By careful examination, other minute, round, 
 granulated bodies may almost always be de- 
 tected, which are in all cases much less nume- 
 rous than the spermatozoa. These bodies are the 
 seminal granules, gran'ula sem'inh. Pure sperm, 
 in its most perfect state, consists principally of 
 speimatozoids and seminal granules; both of 
 which are enveloped in a small quantity of fluid, 
 iiqvov sem'inis. 
 
 It has been imagined, but erroneously, that 
 during coition there is a secretion of female sperm 
 — Semen muUe'bre, Thelyg'onnm. The increased 
 .accretion that takes place is chiefly from the 
 glands of Duverney. 
 
 Sperm also means spermaceti. 
 
 Sperm Cell, see Sperm. 
 
 SPERMA, Sperm — s. Mereurii, Hydrargyrus 
 acetatus. 
 
 Sperjia Rana'rttm, SpcrnVola seu Sperni'olum 
 geu Sperm i'ola seu Speriiii'ohim rana' nun. Frog's 
 spawn. Once used in medicine. 
 
 SPERMACETI, Cetaceum— s. Whale, see Ce- 
 toceum. 
 
 SPERMACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 SPERMATACRASIA, Spermatorrhcea. 
 
 SPERMATACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 SPERMAT'IC, Sjyermat'icua, Semina'lin, Sera'- 
 inal. That which relates to the sperm. A name 
 given to different parts connected with the organs 
 of generation. 
 
 Spermatic Arteries, A. Spermat'iccB, A. prce- 
 paran'tes, (F.) Arteres teeticulaires, A. de I'ovaire 
 (Ch.), are two in number — one on each side — and 
 arise from the sides of the aorta, sometimes from 
 the renal arteries. They descend, almost verti- 
 cally, at the sides of the vertebral column, and 
 are distributed difierently in the two sexes. In 
 man, the spermatic artery, situate at the side of 
 the vas deferens, issues by the abdominal ring ; 
 gives numerous ramifications to the spermatic 
 chord, and divides into two fasciculi of branches, 
 one of which goes to the testicle, — the other to 
 the epididymis. In the female, the spermatic 
 artery, ova'rian artery, dips into the pelvis, and 
 passes to the ovarium, Fallopian tube, and round 
 ligament. 
 
 Spermatic Chord, Testicular Chord, Funic' - 
 ulus Spermaticus, Corpus varico'sum, (F.) Cordon 
 i^permatique ou iesticulaire. The vascular and 
 nervous chord, by which the testicle is suspended. 
 It is composed of the spermatic artery and veins; 
 of other small vessels; of lymphatics; of ncr- 
 Tous filaments from the spermatic plexus, and 
 from the genito-crural branch of the lumbo-ab- 
 dominal plexus; of the vas deferens, and, very 
 often, of a fibro-cellular chord, which unites the 
 peritoneum to the upper part of the tunica vagi- 
 nalis, and in which encysted hydrocele of the 
 tpermatic chord occurs. All these parts are uni- 
 ted together by a very lax, areolar tissue, and 
 surrounded by coats, which, reckoning from with- 
 out, arc : — 1. The skin and areolar membrane. 
 2. A fibro-cellular membrane, formed by the faa- 
 cia superfioialis. 3. A very thin liiyor, formed by 
 fibres of the cremnstcr muscle, united archwise 
 before, and often also behind, the chord. 4. The 
 proper sheath of the spermatic vessels, or the tu- 
 bular prolongation furnished by the fnrcia trans- 
 •v'jrfcalis to the chord, on a level with the superior 
 orifice of the inguinal canaL The spermatic 
 
 chord is commonly shorter on the right side than 
 on the left; and of a different size in different 
 individuals. It ascends, almost vertically, from 
 the superior margin of the testicle as far as tbo 
 lower orifice of the inguinal canal; passes through 
 this canal and enters the abdomen, crossing Ih-j 
 epigastric arterj'. Here it forms an evident el- 
 bow, directing its course backward. At this 
 part, also, the organs composing it separate from 
 each other : — the vas deferens descending into 
 the pelvis to pass behind the bladder ; — the blood- 
 vessels and lymphatics ascending towards the 
 lumbar region, itc. 
 
 Spermatic Fluid, Sperm. 
 
 Spermatic Ganglion. A large ganglion, 
 formed by branches from the hypogastric gang- 
 lion, and from the spermatic plexus. It supplies 
 the fundus uteri. Besides these ganglia, I)r. 
 Robt. Lee describes ves'ieal and vag"inal (janylia, 
 and anterior and posterior snhperitone' al ganglia 
 and plexuses, which communicate with the pre- 
 ceding, and constitute an extensive nervous rete 
 over the entire uterus. 
 
 Spermatic Liquor, Liquor, Sperm. 
 
 Spermatic Passages or "Ways, Via Sperma- 
 liccB, are the canals concerned in the excretion 
 of semen. 
 
 Spermatic Plexuses of nerves, Plexua testicti- 
 lares, are two in number, and are furnished by 
 the renal plexuses. Their filaments, called Sper- 
 matic nerves, follow the arteries of the same name 
 to the testicle in man; and to the ovary and Fal- 
 lopian tube in the female, — ova'rian nerves. They 
 cannot be traced into the substance of these 
 organs. 
 
 Spermatic Veins are two or three in number, 
 on each side. They accompany the spermatic 
 artery, and open — those of the right, into the 
 vena cava inferior; those of the left, into the 
 corresponding renal vein. These veins form, 
 above the testicle, a kind of venous network, 
 called, by some, the Spermatic Plexus ; and an- 
 other plexus before the psoas muscle, called the 
 Corpus pa mpini forme. 
 
 SPERMATIN, see Sperm. 
 
 SPERMATIS'MUS, Emis'sio sem'inis, from 
 aircpiia, ' sperm.' The emission of sperm. 
 
 SPERMATOCE'LE, Hernia semina'lis scroti, 
 Oscheoce'le semina'lis, Gonoce'le, from cncpita, 
 'sperm,' and k»;X)7, 'a tumour.' The ancients 
 gave this name to certain swellings of the testi- 
 cle which were regarded as produced by an ac- 
 cumulation of sperm in the organ. Also, vari- 
 cocele. 
 
 SPERMATOCLEMMA, see Pollution. 
 
 SPERMATOCLEPSIS, see Pollution. 
 
 SPERMATOCYSTIDORRnAG"IA, Caufor- 
 rJiag"ia ejaculato'ria, JJceinatu'ria ejacidato'ria, 
 H. semina'lis, from cTipfna, a-cpixctTOi, ' sperm,' 
 Kvaris, 'bladder,' and pnyij, 'a breaking forth.' 
 A discharge of blood from the urethra, or the act 
 of eiaculation of sperm. 
 
 SPERMATODES, Gonoides. 
 
 SPERM ATOGON'IA, Spermogon'in, Spcrma- 
 topce'ia, Sjjermalopoc'sis, Spermi'vm, from ancpfta, 
 ' sperm,' and yivvau), ' to beget.' The preparatiou 
 or secretion of sperm. 
 
 SPERMATOII), Gonoides. 
 
 SPERMATOLEPSIS, see Pollution. 
 
 FPERMATOLIPSIS, see Pollution. 
 
 SPEIi MA TOL ' OG Y, Spcrmatolog "ia, from 
 arrtfipa, ' spcini,' and Xoyosj ' a discourse.' A trea- 
 tise on syiorm. 
 
 SPERMATOPH'OROUS, Scmini/'urous, from 
 a-ntnpa, 'sperm,' and (jiipw, 'I carrj'.' Sperm- 
 bearing. The cells or granules in the spcnn 
 have been so called. 
 
 £PERMATOP(EL\, Spermatogonia. 
 
SPERMATOPOESIS 
 
 803 
 
 ePHENOIDES 
 
 SPERMATOPOESIS, Spermatogonia. 
 
 SPERMATOPOETIC, Spermatopoeus. 
 
 SPERMATOPCE'US, Spermatopoet' icus, Sper- 
 matopoiet'icns, Spermatopoet' ic, Gonepae'us, Gone- 
 poiet'icus, Gonopoiet'icus, from cnrep/ta, 'sperm,' 
 and i70[£ii;, 'to make.' Food, to which has been 
 attributed the property of augmenting the secre- 
 tion of semen ; and, consequently, of exciting the 
 venereal act. Very succulent and very nutritious 
 substances have been so considered. 
 
 SPERMATORRHCE'A, Spermorrhce'a, Sper- 
 macra'sia, Spermatoze' mia, Spermatacra'sia, Go- 
 nacra'sia, Gonacrati'a, Spermatacrati'a, Gonor- 
 rhm'a vera, (P.) Flux de Sperme, Pollutions, Per- 
 tes siminales ; from CT:tp\ia, ' sperm,' and ptta, ' I 
 flow.' An emission of sperm, without copulation. 
 See Gonorrhoea, and Pollution. 
 
 Spermatorrhcea Atonica, Gonorrhoea laxo- 
 mm. 
 
 SPERMATOS'CHESIS, from (rrreppia, 'sperm,' 
 and (Tx^oii, ' retention.' Retention or suppression 
 of the spermatic secretion. 
 
 SPERMATOZEMIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 SPERMATOZO'A, Zoosper'mata, from o-rr^pf/a, 
 ' sperm,' and ^uov, ' animal.' Zoospermes, Sper- 
 matozo'dires, Spermatozo''ids, Animal' cula semina' - 
 Ua seu spermat'ica, Vermic'uli spermat'ici, Semi- 
 nal filaments, Spermatic or seminal animalcules (?). 
 Reputed animalcules seen in the sperm; by most 
 physiologists supposed to be the formative agents 
 in generation. See Sperm. 
 
 SPERMATOZO AIRES, Spermatozoa. 
 
 SPERMATOZOIDS, Spermatozoa. 
 
 SPERMIOLUM RAXARUM, Sperma rana- 
 rum. 
 
 SPERMIUM, Sperm, Spermatogonia. 
 
 SPERMOBOLE, see Ejaculation, Spermatis- 
 mus. 
 
 SPERMOEDIA CLAVUS, Ergot. 
 
 SPERMOGONIA, Spermatogonia. 
 
 SPERMORRHCEA. Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 SPERNIOLUM RANARUM, Sperma rana- 
 rum. 
 
 SPEWING, Vomiting. 
 
 SPHACELATION, Mortification. 
 
 SPHACELE, Sphacelus — s. de la Boucke, 
 Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 SPHACELIA SE6ETUM, see Ergot. 
 
 SPHACELISMUS, Sphacelus — s. Cerebri, 
 Phrenitis. 
 
 SPHACELUS, GangrcB'na Sphacelus, Spha- 
 celis'mus, Cold mortification, (F.) Sphacele, Gan- 
 grlne froide, from o-^a^oj, 'I slay.' This word is 
 used, by some, synonymously with gangrene ; by 
 others, with gangrene when it occupies the whole 
 substance of a limb. Commonly, it means the 
 disorganized portion, in cases of mortification, 
 anthraconeoro'sis, which must be thrown off — or 
 is, in other words, totally dead. The foul disor- 
 ganized portion of an ulcer — called the slough — 
 must be considered a kind of sphacelus. 
 
 Sphacelus was formerly used to denote excessive 
 pain ; and for agitation from excessive pain, or 
 violent emotion. 
 
 Sphacelus Cereahs, Ergotism — s. Nosoco- 
 mialis, Hospital gangrene. 
 
 SPHjERA, Pila — s. Marina, Pila marina — s. 
 Tbalassia, Pila marina. 
 
 SPH^RANTHUS INDICUS, Adaca. 
 
 SPHiERIDION, Pikila. 
 
 SPH^RION, Globule, Pilula. 
 
 SPHyEROCEPHALA ELATIOR, Echinops. 
 
 SPHiEROCOCCUS CRISPUS, Fucus crispus 
 — s. Helminthochortus, Corallina Corsicana — s. 
 ]jichenoides, Fucus amylaceus. 
 
 SPHiERUL^ SANGUINIS, Globules of the 
 blood. 
 
 SPHAGE, Throat. 
 
 SPHENDONE, Funda. 
 
 SPHENOID, SphenoVdes, Spheno'des, Sphe- 
 noideus, Spheno'ida'lis, from <j(pT]v, 'a wedge,' and 
 Clio;, ' resemblance.' Wedge-shaped. Hence, 
 
 Sphenoid Bone, Sphenoides os, Os hasila're sen 
 cuneifor'me sen cu'neo compara' turn sen s2:)henoida' - 
 le seu multifor'me seu az'ygos seu pajyilla're seu 
 polymor'phon seu paxilla' re seu baxilla're seu 
 almfor'me seu sphecoV des seu vespifor'me seu in- 
 conjuga'tum, Pter'ygoid hone. An azygous bone, 
 situate on the median line, and at the base of the 
 cranium. It articulates with all the other bones 
 of that cavity ; supports them, and strengthens 
 their union. Its form is singular, and resembles 
 a bat with its wings extended. It has, 1. An 
 inferior or guttural surface, on which is situate 
 the crista, that joins the vomer ; a channel, whie'i 
 concurs in forming the pterygo-palatine foramfu ; 
 the pterygoid process; the pterygoid fossa; the 
 scaphoid depression; the Vidian or pterygoid 
 canal; the foramina — ovale, spinale, &c. 2. A 
 superior or cerebral surface, on which are : — the 
 clinoid processes; the pituitary fossa ; the forii- 
 mina (ovale, rotundum, and spinale); the Apo- 
 physis of Ingrassias or lesser wing: the foramen 
 opticum, &c. 3. An occipital or posterior surface, 
 which is articulated with the basilary process of 
 the occipital bone. 4. An anterior or orhitnr- 
 nasal surface; having, anteriorly, a crista to 
 unite with the ethmoid bone ; and, on each side, 
 a round aperture, which leads into two cavities 
 in the substance of the bone, separated by ;i 
 middle septum, and called the sjihenoidal sinusee. 
 5. Two zygomato-temporal or external sarfaccK, 
 which correspond to the temporal and zygomatic 
 fossee. 
 
 Some divide the sphenoid into hody or middle 
 portion; and ate, which are four in number, an<i 
 are subdivided into great ( Temporal Platen or 
 Wings) and little (Apojyhyses of Ingrassias). The 
 Sphenoid suture surrounds the bone. 
 
 Sphenoid, Spinous Process of the. Sphenoid 
 spine. 
 
 SPHENOID'AL, Sphenoida'lis. That which 
 belongs or relates to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Sphenoida'liA Cor'nuA, (F.) Cornets sphino- 
 'idaux, Cornets de Bertin; Ossic'ula Bertr'ni, 
 Ossa triangiila'ria, Pyr'amids of Wistar. Two 
 small, thin, and curved bones, situate between 
 the sphenoid and ethmoid, with which they are 
 confounded in the adult. They have the shape 
 of a hollow pyramid, with the base turned back- 
 wards ; and are developed by a single point of 
 ossification. They are articulated with the sphe- 
 noid, ethmoid, palate bone, and vomer. 
 
 Sphenoidal or Supe'rior Or'bitary Fissure, 
 Fora'men lac"erum supe'rius, (F.) Fente speno'i- 
 dale, is a large fissure, situate between the great 
 and little ala of the sphenoid. It is seen at the 
 upper and back part of the orbit between which 
 and the cranium it is a means of communication. 
 
 Sphenoidal Spine, (F.) Epine sphenoidal. 
 Spinous Process of the Sphenoid; — 1. A project- 
 ing crista at the inferior surface of the sphenoici- 
 bone, for articulation with the vomer. 2. A tri- 
 angular process, Apophyse sous-temporale (Ch.), 
 met with near the posterior margin of the same 
 bone, behind the foramen spinale. At the point 
 of the spinous process, a styloid process is fre- 
 quently met with. 
 
 SPHENOIDES, Cuneiform, Sphenoid — s. 0> 
 Sphenoid bone. 
 
 SPHENOMAX'ILLART, Spheno-vmxilla'rii 
 That which relates to the sphenoid and maxillary* 
 bones. 
 
 Sphenomaxillart Fissure, Inferior or'bUoff 
 
SPHENO-ORBITAR 
 
 804 
 
 SPICEBUSH 
 
 Fissure, (F.) Fente spheno-maxilhiire oil orhitaire 
 inferieure ; called, also, Fora'men lac"erum in- 
 fe'rius, F. sjiheno-maxilla're, is situate at the 
 posterior part of the angle formed by the union 
 of the internal and inferior parietes of the orbit. 
 It is constituted, above, by the sphenoid bone ; 
 below, by the superior maxillary and palate bones ; 
 and, before, by the malar bone. It is narrower 
 at the middle than at the extremities, and forms 
 a communication between the orbitar cavity and 
 the zj'gomatic fossa. 
 
 Sphenomaxillaky Fossa is a name given by 
 isome anatomists, to a depression at the union of 
 ■the sphenomaxillary and pterygom axillary fis- 
 sures. 
 
 SPHENO-OR'BITAR. A name given, by Be- 
 alard to the anterior part of the body of the 
 •sphenoid bone, which is developed by a variable 
 tiumber of points of ossification. 
 
 Q'2'im:S0VXL'ATl'S^,Splienopalati'nu8. That 
 which relates to the sphenoid and palate bones. 
 
 Sphen'OPALATine Artery, Large lateral nasal 
 A.., is the termination of the internal maxillary. 
 It enters at the posterior part of the superior 
 meatus of the nose, through the spheno-palatine 
 foramen, and spreads its numerous branches on 
 the pituitary membrane covering the septum, the 
 cornua, and the meatus. 
 
 Sphenopalatine Fora'men is a round aper- 
 ture, formed by the vertical portion of the os pa- 
 lati and the sphenoid. It establishes a commu- 
 nication between the nasal fossts and the zygo- 
 matic fossa. 
 
 Sphenopalatine Ganglion, Ganglion of 3Iec- 
 hcl, Sphenoid' al G. (Ch.) A small, nervous, cor- 
 diform, or triangular ganglion, of variable size, 
 situate without the foramen sph«no-palatinum, 
 in the pterygomaxillary fissure. It seems sus- 
 pended by several nervous filaments to the trunk 
 of the superior maxillary nerve, and gives off 
 interval or sp'henop)alatine filaments, inferior or 
 palatine filaments, and a, posterior filament, which 
 is the Vidian ov pterygoid nerve. 
 
 ?^PSE^;oPA'L\TiVE'NEnYES, Lat'eralnasalnerves, 
 arise from the ganglion — just described — at its 
 inner part, and enter the nasal fossas by the sphe- 
 nopalatine foramen. They are five or six in num- 
 ber, and distribute their filaments to the outer 
 ar.d inner parietes of the nasal fossa. One of 
 the most remarkable branches is the Naso-pa- 
 latine. 
 
 SPHEXOPALATINUS, Levator palati. 
 
 SPHENOPARI'ETAL, Spheno -parieta'- 
 lis. That which belongs or relates to the sphe- 
 noid and parietal bones. 
 
 Sphenoparietal Suture is formed by the ar- 
 ticulation of the extremity of the greater ala of 
 the sphenoid with the anterior and inferior angle 
 of the parietal bone. 
 
 SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS, Circum- 
 flexus — s. Salpingostaphylinus, Circumflex — s. 
 S(tlpinr/o-mallien, Laxator tympani. 
 
 SPHEXOSIS, see Wedged. 
 
 SPHENOSTAPHYLINUS, Levator palati. 
 
 SPHENOTEMP' ORAL, Spheno -tenujora' lis. 
 That which belongs to the sphenoid and tempo- 
 ral bones. 
 
 Sphenotemporal Suture is the suture at the 
 articulation of the great alfe of the sphenoid bone 
 with vhe squamous portion of the temporal. Be- 
 clard gives the name sj)henotempioral to the pos- 
 terior part of the body of the sphenoid, which is 
 developed by distinct points of ossification. 
 
 SPIIEX,'Wasp. 
 
 SPHINCTER, Constric'tor, Musc'ulus constric- 
 t'l'rius, from crr/xyj/u, 'I constrict.' A name given 
 t" several annular muscles, which constrict or 
 close certain uatural openings. 
 66 
 
 Sphincter Ani, Annula'ris Ani. Many ana^ 
 tomists have described two sphincter muscles of 
 the anus: — 1. The S. exter'nus, Asp>idi8'eos, S. 
 ctita'neus, Coccygio-cutane-spthincter, Orhrcida'ris 
 Recti, Constric'tor Ani, Coccygio-anal, (Ch.) It 
 is situate around the anus ; is elliptical from be- 
 fore to behind ; flattened, and pierced at its mid- 
 dle. Its fibres describe concentric arcs, which 
 are attached, behind, to the extremity of the coc- 
 cyx, by a dense, areolar substance; and are con- 
 founded, anteriorly, with the bulbo-cavernosi and 
 transversi perinsei muscles. This muscle con- 
 tracts and closes the anus. 2. The inner or in- 
 ternal Sphincter Ani, Sphincter intestina'lis of 
 Winslow, is by many anatomists considered as 
 the termination of the circular fibres of the rec- 
 tum. It is annular, and situate around the infe- 
 rior extremity of the rectum, to the extent of 
 about a finger's breadth. It has the same uses 
 as the other. 
 
 Sphincter Gvzje, Constrictores pharyngis — 
 s. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of — s. Intestinalis, Sphinc- 
 ter ani internus — s. Labiorum, Orbicularis oris — 
 s. Oculi, Orbicularis palpebrarvim — s. Palpebra- 
 rum, Orbicularis palpebrarum — s. Pylori, see Py- 
 lorus — s. Vaginae, Constrictores cunni — s. Ven- 
 triculi. Pylorus. 
 
 Sphincter Vesi'c^, Sphincter of the Madder. 
 Some anatomists have given this name to whitish, 
 elastic, and circular fibres, which surround the 
 neck of the bladder, but do not constitute a par- 
 ticular muscle. Morgagni has given the name 
 Pseudo-Sphincter to the anterior fibres of the 
 levator ani, which pass beneath the neck of the 
 bladder, and, by their contraction, close that 
 opening. See Compressor urethrse. 
 
 SPHONDYLIUM, Heracleum spondylium. 
 
 SPHONGUS, Spongia. 
 
 SPHRAGIDONYCHARGOCOME ' TA, from 
 c^payif, 'a seal,' ovvf, 'the nail,' apyo;, 'white.' 
 or perhaps apyvpos, ' silver,' and ko/<£w, 'I adorn.' 
 A charlatan v. ho adorned his fingers to the very 
 nails with rings. — Aristophanes, Hippocrates. 
 
 SPHYGMA, Pulse. 
 
 SPHYG'MICA ARS, Sp)hygmic art, from u<{,vy- 
 fiog, 'the pulse.' The art of judging by the pulse, 
 in health or disease. 
 
 Sphygmica Doctrina, Sphygmologia. 
 
 SPHYGMICUS, Throbbing. 
 
 SPHYGMOCEPHALIIS, Crotaphe. 
 
 SPHYGMODES, Throbbing. 
 
 SPHYGMOLOG"IA, Sphyg'mica Doctri'na, 
 from cripvyitog, ' the pulse,' and Aoyoj, 'a descrip- 
 tion.' The doctrine of the pulse. 
 
 SPHYGMOMETER, Pulsilegium. 
 
 SPHYGMOS, Pulsation, Pulse. 
 
 SPHYGMOSCOPIUM, Pulsilegium. 
 
 SPHYRA, Malleolus. 
 
 SPHYXIS, Pulsation. 
 
 SPIC, Lavendula. 
 ^SPICA, Fas'cia repens, the Sjn'ca bandage, (F.) 
 Fpi. A bandage so called in consequence of its 
 somewhat resembling a spil-e of barley. The 
 turns of the bandage cross like the letter V; — 
 each leaving a third of the roller uncovered. It 
 is distinguished into ascending and descending. 
 It may be applied over various parts of the body, 
 and in a different manner in each case ; thus, there 
 is the Spica seu Fascia ingnina'lis, Spica ingni- 
 na'lis duplex, the spica for the shouldei", and an- 
 other for the thumb. 
 
 Spica, Lavendula. 
 
 Spica Alpina, Valeriana Celtica — s. Celtiea, 
 Valeriana Celtica — s. Indica, Nardus Indica — s. 
 Nardi, Nardus Indica. 
 
 SPICEBERRY, Gaultheria, Laurus Benzoin. 
 
 SPICEBUSH, Laurus Benzoin. 
 
SPICES 
 
 805 
 
 SPINAL 
 
 SPICES, FOUR, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 SPICEWOOD, Laurus Benzoin. 
 
 SPICILLUM, SpeciUum. 
 
 SPIDER, see Aranete tela. 
 
 SPIDERWORT, Liliago, Tradescantia Vir- 
 ginica. 
 
 SPIGELIA, S. Marilandica. 
 
 Spige'lia Marilan'dica, AntTiel'mia, Spige'lia 
 Lonic"era, Loinc"era Marilan'dica, Peren'nial 
 Wo7->ngrass or Indian Pink, Caroli'na Pink, Star- 
 iloom, Wormroot. Nat. Ord. Gentianese. Class, 
 Pentandria. Order, Monogj'nia, Indigenous. The 
 root — Spigelia (Ph. U. S.) — is celebrated as an 
 ani.helmintie, particularly in cases of lumbrici. 
 
 It is, also, asserted to have been found service- 
 able in remittent fever. It is a narcotico-acrid. 
 Dose, gr. x to Jss. 
 
 SPIGNEL, ^thusa meum. 
 
 SPIKENARD, Conyza squarrosa, Nardus In- 
 dica — s. American, Aralia racemosa — s. Small, 
 Aralia nudicaulis — s. Tree, Aralia spinosa. 
 
 SPILANTHES ACMELLA, Spilanthus ac- 
 mella. 
 
 SPILAN'THUS ACMEL'LA, S, cilia'ta seu 
 jiinhria'ta, Spilan'thes acmel'la, Bidens acmella, 
 Aehmella, Acmella, A. Mauritiana, Verbesi'na 
 acmella, Balm-leaved Spilanthw. Family, Co- 
 rymbiferee. Sex. Si/st. Syngenesia Polygamia 
 Eequalis. This plant possesses a glutinous, bitter 
 taste, and fragrant smell. The herb and seed 
 are said to be diuretic and emmenagogue. They 
 have been used in dropsies, jaundice, fluor albus, 
 and calculous complaints ; given in infusion. 
 
 Spilanthus, Balm-leaved, Spilanthus acmel- 
 la — s. Ciliata, S. acmella — s. Eimbriata, S. ac- 
 mella. 
 
 Spilanth'us Olera'ceuS, Spear-leaved Spi- 
 lanthus, (F.) Cresson de Para. A tincture of the 
 plant has been recommended in toothach. 
 
 SPILI, see Neevus. 
 
 SPILOMA, see Nsevus. 
 
 SPILOSIS, Epichrosis — s. Ephelis, Ephelides 
 S. Poliosis, Poliosis. 
 
 SPILSBURY'S ANTISCORBUTIC DROPS. 
 An empirical preparation, formed of hydrarg. 
 oxymur., rad. gentian., cort. aurant. sice, aa ^ij ; 
 antimon. crud., santal. rubr. aa ^j > spiritus vini 
 recti/., aqua, aa ^viij. 
 
 SPINA, 'a thorn j' Spine, (F.) Epine. A pro- 
 cess on the surface of a bone, which has been 
 compared to the spines or thorns on certain vege- 
 tables. The chief processes of this name are : — 
 the nasal spine, the spine of the scapula, the spine 
 of the ischium, the foitr iliac sjyines, the palatine 
 spine, the maxillary, the sp)henoid, Ac. The spine 
 of the back is the collection of vertebrae constitu- 
 ting the vertebral column. 
 
 Spina, Penis — s. Acida, Oxycantha Galeni — 
 s. ^gyptiaca, see Acacise gummi — s. Alba, 
 Carduus marianus, Mespilus oxycantha, Ono- 
 pordum acanthium — s. Bifida, Hj'drorachis — 
 8. Cervina, Rhamnus — s. Domestiea, Rhamnus 
 — 8. Dorsi, Vertebral column, see Nasus — s. Dorsi 
 introrsum Flexa, Lordosis — s. Ferrea, Pin — s. 
 Helmontii, Aiguillon — s. Hirci, Astragalus verus 
 — s. Infectoria, Rhamnus — s. Nodosa, Rachitis. 
 
 Spina Vento'sa, Spines ventos'itas, Tere'do, 
 Fungus Artic'uli, Ostarthroc' ace. Tumor fungo'sus 
 artic'uli, Lu'2}ia junctn'rcB, Hyperspon'gia, Flatus 
 spina, Arthroc' ace, Pcedarthroc'ace, White Swell- 
 ing (of some,) Sidera'tio Ossis, Cancer Ossis, Gan- 
 grm'na Ossis, Exosto'sis. A term of no definite 
 meaning, as is obvious from these various words 
 having been considered its synonymes. By some, 
 it is defined to be — a disease of the osseous sys- 
 tem, in which the texture of the bone dilates, 
 seeming to be distended with air, and constitu- 
 ting a variety of osteo-sarcoma. By others, it is 
 
 considered to be a tumour arising from an internal 
 caries of a bone; occurring most frequently m the 
 carpus or tarsus. The term itself is a translation 
 from the Arabic of Rhazes. See, also, Hydrai'- 
 thrus, and Mollities Ossium. 
 
 Spina Vertebralis, Vertebral column. 
 
 SPINACH, Spinacia. 
 
 SPINACHIA, Spinacia. 
 
 SPINA'CIA, Spina'chia, Spina'cia olera'cea, 
 Spin'age, Spinach, (F.) Ejnnard. Family, Atri- 
 plieea3. ;S'ej;. Syst. Direcia Pentandria. A plant 
 which resembles the cabbage in its dietetic powers. 
 The leaves boiled, with the addition of oil, form 
 a good emollient cataplasm. It has been used in 
 phthisical complaints ; but its medicinal proper, 
 ties, if it have any, are not now regarded. 
 
 Spinacia Olbracea, Spinacia. 
 
 SPINiB, Spinous processes — s. Ventositas 
 Spina ventosa. 
 
 SPINAGE, Spinacia. 
 ^SPINAL, Spina'lis, Spino'sus, Spina'tus, (F.) 
 Epiniere, from spina, 'the spine.' That which 
 relates to the vertebral column. 
 
 Spinal Arteries are two in number, viz : 1. 
 The posterior spinal, Artere niediane p>osterieure 
 du liaehis, (Ch.) It arises from the vertebral, 
 near the corpora pyramidalia, and descends on 
 the posterior surface of the spinal marrow, dis- 
 tributing its ramifications to it. 2. The anterior 
 spinal artery, A. mediane anteriewe, (Ch.,) is 
 larger than the last, and arises, also, from tho 
 vertebral. It descends, in a serpentine manner, 
 upon the anterior surface of the marrow,- fur- 
 nishes ramuseuli to it, and unites with that of 
 the opposite side, opposite the foramen magnum 
 occipitis. A very tortuous branch arises from 
 this union, which descends as far as the inferior 
 extremity of the marrow, to which it sends nume- 
 rous divisions. 
 
 The term Spinal Arteries ov Bach inian Arte- 
 ries is also given, in the abstract, to all the arte- 
 ries of the spinal marrow and vertebral canal. 
 The same may be said of the veins and nerves. 
 
 Spinal Cord, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 Spinal Foram'ina, (F.) 2Vous rachidiens, in 
 the abstract, are the foramina formed by every 
 two contiguous vertebras, through which the spi- 
 nal nerves issue. See Vertebral. The term Fo- 
 ra'men Sjnna'le is especially applied, however, 
 to a small foramen, in front of the spinous pro- 
 cess of the sphenoid bone, through which the 
 middle artery of the dura mater enters the cra- 
 nium. It is, likewise, called Foramen spheno-spii- 
 no'sum, (F.) Trou Spheno-epitieux ou ^je<ii rond, 
 Trou epineux. 
 
 Spinal Irrita'tion, Bhachialgi'tis, Bhachial'- 
 gia, Neural'gia spina'lis, Notal'gia.. A modern 
 pathological view, which refers most nervous dis- 
 eases to irritation of the spinal cord. This irri- 
 tation is presumed to be indicated by tenderness 
 on pressure over the spinous process of one or 
 more vertebra;, or over the nerves proceeding 
 from the cord and distributed to the parts at the 
 sides of the spine. Such tenderness, however, 
 by no means indicates the pathological eonditiou 
 in question, as it is often met with in those en- 
 joying perfect health. The treatment advised is 
 cupping and counter-irritation on each side of 
 the spine, which may be beneficial in such dis- 
 eases, no matter what part of the frame may be 
 in a morbid state, by exciting a new and revel - 
 lent impression on a very sensible portion of tho 
 cutaneous surface. 
 
 Spinal Nerve, Ac'cessory of the Par vagnni 
 or 8th pair, Accessory nerve of Willis, Spinal Ac- 
 cessory, Spino-cranio-trap)ezien, Supierior res'pira- 
 tory N., Eleventh pair of ence2'>halic nerves, Tra~ 
 chelo-doreal (Ch.), arises from the medulla ppU 
 
SPINALES 
 
 806 
 
 SPIRIT 
 
 nalis, -witliin the vertebral canal, between the an- 
 terior and posterior roots of the cervical nerves 
 at a greater or less distance from the cranium. 
 The roots unite to form the nerve, which ascends 
 into the cranium through the foramen magnum 
 of the occipital bone, and issues by the foramen 
 laeerum posterius, crossing the sterno-cleido-mas- 
 toideus, to which it gives filaments, and losing 
 itself entirely on the trapezius muscle. The pneu- 
 mogastric and spinal accessory nerves together — 
 nervus vagus cum aecesso'rio — resemble the spinal 
 nerves; the former, with its ganglion, being the 
 posterior root ; the latter, the anterior. 
 
 Spinal Nerves, Vertebral nerves — s. Prolon- 
 gation, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 Spinal System of Nerves, see Nerves. 
 
 SPINALES COLLI MINORES, Interspinales 
 colli — s. et Transversales lumborum, Transver- 
 salis dorsi. 
 
 SPINALIS CERVICIS, Semi-spinalis colli — 
 8. Colli, Semi-spinalis colli. 
 
 Spinalis Dorsi, Grand epineux du dos, Spina- 
 lis Dorsi major. Winslow calls thus some fleshy 
 fasciculi, which are situate on the lateral surfaces 
 of the spinous processes ; from the third dorsal 
 vertebra to the first or second lumbar; and which 
 form part of the transverso-spinalis of most au- 
 thors. The same anatomist calls — Spina' lis Dorsi 
 minor, Petit ejiineux du dos — some small, fleshy 
 fibres, situate on each side of the interspinal liga- 
 ment. They are short, flat, and pass from one 
 spinous process to the other. Like the preceding, 
 they form part of the transverso-spinalis. All 
 these fleshy fasciculi strengthen the vertebral 
 column. 
 
 SPINATI, Interspinales colli. 
 
 SPINATUS, Spinal. 
 
 SPINDLE TREE, Euonymus Americanus. 
 
 SPINE, Vertebral column — s. Curvature of 
 tie, Gibbositas — s. Htemal, Sternum — s. Neural, 
 Spinous process. 
 
 SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALIS, Rectus ca- 
 pitis posticus major — s. Axo'ido-tracheli-atloidien, 
 Obliquus inferior capitis. 
 
 SPINITIS, Myelitis. 
 
 SPINO-DORSITIS, Myelitis. 
 
 SPINOLA, see Hydrorachis. 
 
 SPINOSUS, Spinal. 
 
 SPINOUS, Spino'sus, (F.) Epineux. Having 
 the shape of a spine or thorn. 
 
 Spinous Proc"esses or Apoph^yses of the 
 Ver'tehrcB, Acan'thcB, Spinas, CynoV ophoi, Neural 
 Spines of Mr. Owen, (F.) ApopTxyses epineuses, 
 are situate at the posterior part of each vertebra, 
 and afford attachment to the muscles, whose office 
 it is to extend the spine. See Vertebra. 
 
 SPIRAC'ULA, (F.) Spiracules, from spiro, 'I 
 breathe.' Respiratory pores of the skin. 
 
 SPIR-S CEREBRI, Convolutions, cerebral. 
 
 SPIRiEA DENUDATA, S. ulmaria. 
 
 Spir^'a Filipen'dula, Filipendula, Saxif- 
 raga rubra, Dropioort, (F.) Filip>endule. Family, 
 Rosacea. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Pentagynia. The 
 root of this plant is said to possess astringent and 
 lithontriptic virtues. 
 
 Spib^a Tomentosa, Hardhack, Red meadow- 
 aweet, Steepde hush. Rosy hush, White leaf. This 
 indigenous species, which is abundant in the 
 northern States of the Union, is tonic and astrin- 
 gent; and is usually administered either in the 
 form of extract or decoction, {Spiraea ^ss; aqua 
 Oj.) 
 
 Spir^a Irifoliata, Gillenia trifoliata. 
 
 SpiRjEA Ulma'ria, S. denuda'ta, Ulmaria, U. 
 pahis'tris, Regi'na Prati, Barha capra, ileadow 
 Hwcet, Queen of the Meadows, Bar'bula capri'na, 
 (F.) Ulmaire, Reine dea Pris. The leaves have 
 
 been recommended as mild astringents: — the 
 flowers as antispasmodics and diaphoretics. 
 
 SPIRAMENTA PULMONUM, see Pulmo. 
 
 SPIRAMENTUM ANIM^, Pulmo. 
 
 SPIRAMINA PALPEBRARUM, Lachrymal 
 puncta — s. Pulmonum, see Pulmo. 
 
 SPIRATIO, Respiration. 
 
 SPIRIT, Spir'itus; from spirare, 'to exhale;' 
 (F.) Esprit, A name given to every liquid pro- 
 duct of distillation. Spirits were formerly distin- 
 guished into — infammable, acid, and alkaline ; 
 and consequently a number of substances were 
 crowded together, which often resembled each 
 other in no other property than in being volatile. 
 The term is now confined to alcoholic liquors, of 
 which the following are the chief: 
 
 Ay-rack. Distilled from coarse palm sugar,- 
 named jaggery, fermented with the bark of the 
 Mimosa lencophlea ; also from rice and the fer- 
 mented juice of the Palm ; made in India. Ita 
 varieties are : — 
 
 1. Mahicah Arrack. Made in India from the 
 flowers of the Madhuca tree, Bassia hutyraceo. 
 
 2. Tuba. Made from palm wine, in the Phi- 
 lippine Islands. 
 
 Araka. Distilled, by the Tartars, from koii- 
 mis, fermented mares' milk. 
 
 Araki. Distilled from dates, by the Egyptians. 
 
 Arika. A variety of koumis, distilled from fer- 
 mented mares' milk, in Tartary and Iceland. 
 
 Brandy. Distilled from wine, figs, peaches, per- 
 simmon, apple, mulberries, and sometimes other 
 fruits, in Europe, Asia, North and South Ame- 
 rica, wherever wine is made. The best brandy 
 is that of Cognac; the next, that of Bordeaux 
 and Rochelle. The varieties are — 
 
 1. Aguardiente, (S.) In Peru, the common 
 brandy obtained from grapes is the Aguardiente 
 de Pisco, so called, because shipped at the port 
 of Pisco. Another kind, much dearer, and of 
 excellent flavour, is made from Muscatel grapes, 
 and is called Aguardiente de Italia. It is some- 
 times seen in the United States. 
 
 2. Lau. Made from rice, in Siam. 
 
 3. Rakia. Made in Dalmatia from the husks 
 of grapes mixed with aromaties. 
 
 4. Rossolio. Made at Dantzic, from a com- 
 pound of brandy, rossolis, and other plants. 
 
 6. Troster. Made on the Rhine, from the 
 husks of grapes, fermented with barley and rye. 
 
 6. Sekis-kayavodka. Made from the lees of 
 wine and fruit at Scio. 
 
 Geneva Hollands, [genievre, French for juni- 
 per.) Distilled from malted barley and rye, rec- 
 tified on juniper berries, in Holland. Its variety 
 is — 
 
 Gin. Made in England, from malted barley, 
 rye, potatoes ; rectified with turpentine. 
 
 Goldwasser. Distilled at Dantzic, from wheat, 
 barley, and rye, rectified with aniseed, cinnamon, 
 and other spices. 
 
 Kirschwasser. Distilled from the Malacheb 
 cherry, in Switzerland. 
 
 Maraschino. Distilled from the Macarska 
 cherry, at Zara, the capital of Dalmatia. 
 
 Rutn, (supposed to be derived from the termi- 
 nal syllable of the word sacchariim : but the abo- 
 riginal Americans call this liquor Rum.) Dis- 
 tilled, in the West Indies and South America, from 
 cane-sugar and molasses, and in North America 
 from maple-sugar. Its variety is — 
 
 Slatkaia trava. Made in Kamtschatka, from 
 a sweet grass. 
 
 Shoio-choo. Distilled, in China, from the lees 
 of mandarin, a Avine made from boiled rice. 
 
 Whisky, (supposed to be derived from vaque, 
 the first two syllables of usguebagh, the original 
 name in Ireland.) Distilled, in Scotland and Ire- 
 
SPIRITS 
 
 8or 
 
 SPIRITUS 
 
 land, from malted and raw barley, rye, oats, and 
 potatoes ; and in the south of France, from sloes. 
 la Ireland it was called buil-ceaun, or madness 
 i,( the head. The best Scotch whisky is Glenlivct, 
 the best Irish, jEiinishowen, 
 
 Y-icer-a. Distilled, in the Sandwich Islands, 
 from the root of the Tee-root, baked, pounded, 
 and fermented. 
 
 To these may be added an intoxicating liquor 
 made by the AfFghanistans, from ewes' milk ; 
 and that made in Kamtschatka, from a species 
 of mushroom, named muehumer. 
 
 Spirit of Aniseed, Spiritus anisi — s. Bathing, 
 Freeman's, see Linimentum saponis compos. — 
 s. Bathing, Jackson's, see Linimentum saponis 
 compos. — s. Bezoardic of Bussius, see Bussii spi- 
 ritus Bezoarticus — s. Bone, Liquor volatilis cornu 
 cervi — s. of Burrhus, Burrhi spiritus matricalis — 
 s. of Carraway, Spiritus carui — s. of Ether, aro- 
 matic, Spiritus setheris aromaticus — s. Fuming, 
 of Beguin, Ammonite sulphuretum — s. Fuming, 
 of Boyle, Ammonias sulphuretum — s. of Harts- 
 horn, Liquor cornu cervi — s. of Horseradish, 
 compound, Spiritus armoracise eompositus — s. of 
 Lavender, Spiritus lavandulse — s. of Lavender, 
 compound, Spiritus lavandulse eompositus — s. of 
 Mindererus, Liquor ammonise acetatis — s. of Ni- 
 tre, sweet, Spiritus aetheris nitrici — s. of Nitric 
 ether, Spiritus aetheris nitrici — s. of Pennyroyal, 
 Spiritus pulegii — s. of Peppermint, Spiritus men- 
 thse piperitas — s. Proof, Spiritus tenuior — s. of 
 Salt, Muriaticum acidum — s. of Scurvygrass, 
 golden, see Spiritus armoraciae eompositus — -s. of 
 Spearmint, Spiritus menthje viridis — s. of Sul- 
 phuric ether, Spiritus ^theris sulphurici — s. of 
 Sulphuric ether, compound, Spiritus aetheris sul- 
 phurici eompositus — s. of Turpentine, Oleum tere- 
 binthinse rectificatum — s. Verdigris, Aeeticum 
 acidum — s. of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid — s. of Wine 
 and camphor, Spiritus camphorae. 
 
 SPIRITS, ANIMAL, Nervous fluid. 
 
 SPIRITUOUS, Alcoholic. 
 
 SPIRITUS, Breath, Life, Respiration, Spirit 
 
 — s. jEthereus nitrosus, Spiritus aetheris nitrici 
 
 — s. ^thereus vitriolicus, Spiritus aetheris sul- 
 phurici. 
 
 SpIR'ITUS ^THERIS AROMAT'lCtlS, j^tliel' Sul- 
 
 phu'rtcus cicm alcoho'le aromat' icns, Elix'ir vi- 
 trio'li dulee, Sweet Elix'ir of Vit'riol, Viga'ni's 
 Elixir of Vitriol, Aromat'ic Spirit of Ether. 
 ( (Jinnam. cort. contus. ^'ij- cardam. sem. eontus. 
 qIss. pi'^jeris longi fruet. eont., zingih. rad. con- 
 cis., sing. 3j- spiritus cBtheris suljjhuric. Oj. Ma- 
 cerate, for 14 days, in a stopped glass vessel and 
 strain. Ph. L.) It is used as a stimulant in 
 nervous affections. Dose, f ^ss to f Jj. 
 
 Spiritus ^theeis Nit'rici, Sp. ^Etheris ni- 
 tro'si, Sp. nitri duleis, Sp. uEthe'reus nitro'siis, 
 Sweet Spirit of Nitre, Nitre drojys, JEther nit-ri- 
 czis alcoolisa'tus, Spirit of Nitric Ether. (Ni- 
 trate of Potassa, in coarse powder, Ibij, Sulphuric 
 acid, Ibiss ,• Alcohol, Oixss ; Diluted Alcohol, Oj ; 
 Carbonate of Potassa, ^j. Mix the nitrate of 
 potassa and the alcohol in a large glass retort, 
 and having gradually poured in the acid, digest 
 with a gentle heat for two hours ; then raise the 
 heat, and distil a gallon. To the distilled liquor 
 add the diluted alcohol and carbonate of potassa, 
 and again distil a gallon. — Ph. U. S.) It is re- 
 frigerant, diuretic, antispasmodic, and diaphore- 
 tic. Dose, gtt. XXV to fg'j. Specific gravity, 
 
 Spiritus jEtheris Sulphu'rici, yEther Sul- 
 phuricus cum Alcoho'le, Liquor jEthe'reus Sul- 
 phuricus, Spiritui VitrioU duleis, Spiritus ^the- 
 ris vitriol'ici. Liquor Sulphuricus alcoolisa'tus. 
 Spirit of Sulphuric Ether, {^ther. sulphuric. 
 Ossj sp. rec. Oj. Mix. Fk. L.) Stimulant, 
 
 diaphoretic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, 
 f 3ss to f 5iij. 
 
 Spiritus jEtheris Sulphurici Compos'itus, 
 (Ph. U. S. 1842). Sp>. aitheris vitriol'ici eomposi- 
 tus, Spiritus JE'theris eompositus (Ph. U. S. 1851), 
 Liquor anod'ynus Iloffmavni, Compound Spirit 
 of Sulphuric Ether, Hoffmann's Anodyne Liqvor. 
 {yEther Sulphuric. Oss ; Alcohol, j ; 01. ^ther. 
 fgiij. Ph. U. S. Ph. L.) Mix. A stimulant 
 and antispasmodic. Specific gravity, 0.81G. 
 
 Spiritus ^theris Viteiolici "Compositus, 
 Spiritus Eetheris sulphuric, comp. 
 
 Spiritus Ammo'ni^e, Al'lmli ammoni'acnm 
 sinrituo'sum, Al'cohol ammonia' turn, Sp. salis ain- 
 moni'aci, Ammoni'aca alcoholisa'ta. Liquor an/- 
 mo'nii vino'sus, L. ammonicB spirituo'sus, Jjixiv'- 
 iuni aynmoniaca'le vino'sum, Spiritus sails a»i- 
 moni'aci vino'sus seu duleis seu didcifica'tv-'i, 
 Solu'tio suhcarhona'tis ammoni'aci spirit uo'sv, 
 (F.) Esprit d'ammoniaque. (Amnion, muriat. in 
 pulv. subtilissim., ecffci's, aa tt)j ; alcohol, f^xx : 
 aqucB, i^ix. The water is employed to slake 
 the lime; the muriate of ammonia is then well 
 mixed with it, and by means of heat, the ammo- 
 nia is made to pass into the distilled water con- 
 tained in a quart bottle. Ph. U. S.) Stimulant 
 and antispasmodic. Dose, f^ss to f ^j. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonia Aromat'icus, 'Alcohol am- 
 monia' turn aromaticum, Aromatic ammonia'ted Al- 
 cohol, Sal volat'ile Drops, S2nritus salis volat'ilis 
 oleo'sus, Sp. volatilis aromaticus, Sal volatile oleo- 
 sum Sylvii, Sp. ammonicB compos'itus, Tinctu'ra 
 aromatica ammoniata. Liquor oleo'sus Sylvii, 
 Lixiv'ium ammoniaca'le aromaticum. (Ammon. 
 muriat. ^v; Potass, carh. 5viij, cinnam. cont., 
 caryophyll. cont.aa ^'j j Limon. cort. ^iv ; alco- 
 hol., aqucB aa, Ov. M. Distil Ovijss. Stimulant. 
 Dose, fgss to f^j. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonijs Compositus, Spiritus aro- 
 maticus. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonia Fce'tidus, ^S^. volat'ilin 
 foetidus. Fit Drops, Al'cohol ammonia'tuvi fceti- 
 dum, Tinctu'ra asafcetidce ammoniata. Fetid Spirit 
 of Ammonia. (Sp. ammonics Oij, asafoetidcB §ij. 
 Macerate for 12 hours, and distil Oiss. Ph. X.; 
 Stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose, f,^ss to fg'j. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonia Succina'tus, Succinati-d 
 Sjiirit of Ammonia, Common Eau de Luce, Am- 
 moni'acum succina'tum. Aqua Lu'eice, Liquor ex 
 Ammonia et Oleo Suc'cini, Liquor ex'citans, Spi- 
 ritus Ammonice cum Suc'cino, Sp. Salis Ammoni'- 
 aci lactes'cens seu lacteus. (Mastieh. giij, sp. 
 rect. f 3ix, ol. lavand, gtt. xiv, ol. succin. gtt. iv 
 liq. amnion, f^x. Macerate the mastieh in the 
 alcohol, and pour off the clear tincture : add the 
 rest and shake. Ph. L.) Stimulant and anti- 
 spasmodic. Dose, gtt. X to f 5ss, or fgj. 
 
 Spiritus Animales, see Nervous fluid. 
 
 Spieitus Ani'si, Spiritus Anisi compos'itus, 
 Aqua anisi for' tis, Aqua Sem'inum Aniai comjw- 
 sita, Spirit of An'iseed, (F.) Esprit d'anis. (Anini 
 sem. cont. Riss, S2xirit tenuior. cong., aqua quod 
 satis sit ad prohibendum empyreuma. Ph. L.) 
 Carminative. Dose, f gss to f ^ss. In the com- 
 pound spirit, angelica is usually an ingredient. 
 
 Spiritus Anthos, Spiritus rosmarini. 
 
 Spiritus ARjiORA'ciiE Compos'itus, Sp. Raph'- 
 ani compositus. Aqua ]ia2}hani eomj^osita, Com- 
 2)ound S2nrit of Horseradish, (F.) Es2}rit de rui- 
 fort com230se. (Armorae. rad. recent, conci?,, 
 aiirant. cort. exsicc, sing. Ibj, myrist. nuc. connis. 
 5ss, spirit, ten. cong. aqua: q. s. ad prohibendum 
 empyreuma. Ph. L.) Stimulant and antiscor- 
 butic. (?) Dose, fgj, to f giv. 
 
 The Golden Spirit of Scurvy grass — an om-- 
 pirical preparation — is formed by adding gavi- 
 boye 5^'i'.i.' to one gallon of the sp. ai'moracim 
 compositui. 
 
SPIKITUS 
 
 808 
 
 SPIRITUS 
 
 Greenou(/h'a Tincture for the teeth, is formed of 
 amygd. amar. ^ij, Ug. Bresil., cassia bacc., aa 
 Siv, irid. Florent. ^ij, coceinell., sal. acetosellcB, 
 alum, aa 5J, sp. vin. rect. Oij, sp. armoracia comp. 
 fgss. 
 
 Spiritus Beguinis, Ammonife sulphuretum — 
 S. Bellidis, see Osmitopsis asteriscoides. 
 
 Spiritds Camph'or^, Sp. camphora'tus, Sp. 
 vino'sHS camphoratus, Tinctu'ra Camphorce, (Ph. 
 U. S.) Spirit of Wine and Camp>hor, Spirit of 
 Campjhor, (F.) Esprit de Gamjihre, Alcool cccmpJtre, 
 Eau de Vie camphree. {Camphor, giv, alcohol. 
 Oij. Dissolve.) Stimulant, anodyne and discu- 
 tient. Used only externally. 
 
 Spiritds Car'ui, Sp. Gari Carui, Spirit of 
 Gar'raway, Aqua Sem'inum Garuifortis, A. Sem'- 
 mum Garui, Strong Garui Waters, (F.) Esprit de 
 Carvi. ( Garui sent. cont. Ibiss, sp. tenuior. Cong., 
 aqucB q. s. Distil a gallon. Fh. L.) Carmina- 
 tive. Dose, fgj to f§ss. 
 
 Spiritus Cinnamo'mi, Sp. Lauri Cinnamomi, 
 Spirit of Gin'namon, Aqua Cinnamomi fortis. 
 Aqua Ginnam. spirituo'sa. Strong Cinnamon Wa- 
 ter, (F.) Esprit de Cannelle. {Gort. cinnam. Qv, 
 «p. rect. Oivss.) Stimulant and carminative. 
 Dose, f 5J to f^ss. 
 
 Spiritds Col'chici Amiionia'tds, Ammoniated 
 Spirit of Golchicum. (Sem. colchic. cont. ^ij, sp. 
 ammon. aromat. Oj. Ph. L.) Narcotic, cathar- 
 tic, and diuretic. Used in gout, rheumatism, and 
 dropsy. Dose, from gtt. xxx to f^j- 
 
 Spiritus Coenu Cervi, Liquor C. C. — s. Fu- 
 mans Begnini, Ammonise sulphui-etum — s. Geni- 
 talis, Aura seminis. 
 
 Spiritds Jdnip'eri Compos'itus, Compound 
 Spirit of Juniper, Aqua Junip'eri composita, (F.) 
 Esprit de genievre compose. ( 01. junip. Jiss, 01. 
 carui, 01. fcenicul., aa Jx ; Alcohol dibit, cong. 
 Solve. Ph. U.S.) Stimulant and diuretic. Dose, 
 f^j to f§ss. 
 
 Spiritus Lauri Cinnamomi, Spiritus cinna- 
 momi. 
 
 Spiritus Lavan'ddl^, ^S^). Lavandula spica, 
 Spirit of Lav'ender, Sp. Lavand. simpl., Laven- 
 der Water, (F.) Esprit de Lavande. {Lavand. 
 recent. B&ij, Alcohol, cong., aqua Oij. -Distil a 
 gallon.) Usually made by adding the oil to 
 rectified spirit. Used as a perfume chiefly. 
 
 Spiritds LAVANDULiE Compos'itds, Tinctu'ra 
 Lavandula composita. Red Hartshorn, Lavender 
 drops. Compound Spirit of Lavender, (F.) Esprit 
 de Lavande compose. {Sp. Lavand. Oiij, sp. ros- 
 marin. Oj, cinnam. contus. §j, myristic. cont. gss. 
 caryophyll. cont. ^ij, santaii cone. ^iij. Mace- 
 rate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Stimu- 
 lant. Dose, gtt. xl to f^ij. 
 
 Spiritds Lethalis, Carbonic acid — s. Lum- 
 brieorum, Liquor volatilis cornu cervi. 
 
 Spiritds Mentha Piperi't^, Spirit of Pep- 
 permint, Aqua Mentha piperit'idis spirituo'sa, 
 Sp. Mentha piperit'idis (F.) Esprit de Menthe 
 poivree. {Olei menth. pip. ^vjss, sp. rectif. 
 Oivss, aqua, q. s. distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Car- 
 minative and stimulant. Dose, f^ss to fgiij. 
 
 Spiritds Mentha Sativ^, Spiritus menthse 
 viridis. 
 
 Spiritds Menth>e Vir'idis, Spearmint, Spi- 
 ritus mentha sati'vce. Aqua Mentha vulga'ris 
 spirituo'sa, (F.) Esprit de Menthe verte. {Olei 
 Menth. virid. ^viss, sp. rectif. Oivss, aq. q. s. 
 Distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Like the last in pro- 
 perties and dose. 
 
 Spiritus Millepedabdm, Liquor cornu cervi. 
 
 Spiritus Mtris'tic^e, Spiritus Myristica Mos- 
 
 clia'ta, Sp. Nucis Moscliata, Aqua Nucis Moh- 
 
 chat(B, Nutmeg Water, Aqua Kephrit'ica, (F.) 
 
 Esprit de Muscade. {Myrist. cont. ^ij, Alcohol, 
 dil. cong., aqua Oj. Distil a gallon.) Cordial 
 and carminative. Dose, f ^j to f Ji"^- 
 
 Spiritus Myrti PimentjB, Spiritus pimentas 
 — s. Nitri acidus. Nitric acid — s. Nitri dulcis, 
 Spiritus setheris nitrici — s. Nitri duplex. Nitric 
 acid — s. Nitri fumans. Nitric acid — s. Nitri 
 Glauberi, Nitric acid — s. Nitri simples, see Ni- 
 tric acid — s. Nitri vulgaris, see Nitric acid — s. 
 Nucis moschatfe, Spiritus myristiese — s. Oph- 
 thalmicus Mindereri, Liquor ammonias acetatis. 
 
 Spiritus Pimen'TjE, Sjd. Myrti Pimenta, Spi- 
 ritus Pimento, Spirit of Pimento, Aqua Miruh'- 
 His. {01. Piment. f. ^ij, Alcohol, dilut. cong. 
 Solve. Ph. U. S.) Cordial and carminative. Dose, 
 f 35 to f giv. 
 
 Spiritus Pule'gii, Spirit of Pennyroyal, Aqua 
 Pulegii spirituo'sa. Spirituous Pennyroyal Water, 
 (F.) Esprit de Pouliot. {Olei pulegii Qvij, sp. 
 rect. Oivss, aqua, q. s. Distil a gallon. Ph. 
 L.) Same as spirit of spearmint in properties 
 and dose. 
 
 Spiritus Pyro-aceticus, Acetone. 
 Spiritus Rectifica'tus, Sp. Vini rectifcatus, 
 (Enostag'ma, CEnela'um, Pyrve'nus, Sp. Viyio'- 
 siis rectificatus, Al'cohol, A. Vini, Spnrit of Wine, 
 (F.) Esprit de Vin rectifie. Rectified spirit is 
 much used in Pharmacy to dissolve resinous and 
 other substances. It is seldom exhibited inter- 
 nally; although it exists in the diluted state in 
 all vinous and spirituous liquors. Externally, it 
 is employed as a discutient. — S. g., according to 
 the London Pharmacopoeia, 0.838 ; according to 
 that of Dublin, 0.840 ,• of Edinburgh and United 
 States, 0.835, (see Alcohol,) and of Paris, 0.819 
 to 0.827. 
 
 Spiritus Rector, Aroma — s. Raphani eom- 
 positus, Spiritus arraoracias compositus. 
 
 Spiritus Rosmari'ni, Sp. Rosmarini offiei- 
 na'lis. Spirit of Rosemary, Spiritus Anthos, Hun- 
 gary Water, (P.) Esprit de Romarin. {01. ros- 
 marini ^iv, Alcohol, cong. Solve. Ph. U. S.) 
 Stimulant. Dose, f^j to f^iy. 
 
 Spiritus Salis Acidus sen Fumans, Muria- 
 ticum acidum — s. Salis ammoniaci, Spiritus 
 ammonite — s. Salis ammoniaci aquosus. Liquor 
 ammoniaj — s. Salis ammoniaci lactescens seu 
 lacteus, Spiritus ammoniae succinatus — s. Salis 
 ammoniaci sulphuratus, AmmoniEe sulphuretum 
 — s. Salis Glauberi, Muriaticum acidum — s. Salis 
 mariui, Muriaticum acidum — s. Salis marini 
 coagulatus, Potassse murias — s. Salis volatilis 
 oleosus, Spiritus ammonise aromaticus — s. Sul- 
 phurico-aBthereus camphoratus, Tinctura aetherea 
 composita — s. Sulphurico-aethereus martialis, 
 Tinctura seu Alcohol sulphurico-aethereus ferri 
 
 — s. Sulphuris, Sulphurous acid — s. Sulphuris 
 per campanam, Sulphurous acid — s. Sulphuris 
 volatilis, Ammoniee sulphuretum — s. Sulphuro- 
 sus volatilis, Sulphurous acid. 
 
 Spiritds Tesu'ior, Alcohol dilu'tum, Spiritus 
 vino'sus tenu'ior. Proof Spirit (F.) Esptrit de vin 
 delaye. Generally made for pharmaceutical pur- 
 poses, by mixing equal parts of rectified spirit 
 and Tvater. S. g. Loud. 0.920; Edinb. and 
 United States, 0.935. It is emplo^yed in the 
 same cases as those in vphich the alcohol is used : 
 
 — chiefl}', as a solvent of vegetable matters, in 
 the form of tinctures, 
 
 Spikttus Veneris, Aceticum acidum — s. Vini 
 rectificatus, Spiritus rectificatus — s. Vinosus cam- 
 phoratus, Spiritus camphoriB — s. Vinosus tenuior, 
 Spiritus tenuior — s. Vitalis, Nervous fluid — ?. 
 Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid — s. Vitrioli acidus Vog- 
 leri, Sulpburieum acidum dilutum — s. Vitrioli 
 coagulatus My nsichtijPotnssffi sulphas — s. Vitrioli 
 dulcis, Spiritus letheris sulphuric! — s. Vitrioli 
 phlogisticatus, Sulphurous acid — s. Volatilis 
 
SPIROID CANAL 
 
 809 
 
 SPLENIC 
 
 aromatlcus, Spiritus ammoniEe aromaticus — s. 
 Volatilis foetidus, Spiritus ammonise foetidus. 
 
 SPIROID CANAL, Aquaeductus Fallopii. 
 
 SPIKOM'ETER; badly compounded from 
 spiro, ' I breathe,' and fitrpov, 'a. measure :' — pro- 
 perly Anapnom'eter, Pneusom'eter, Pneumom'eter, 
 Pneumatom'eter. Any instrument for measuring 
 the quantity of air concerned in respiration, and, 
 consequently, the capacity of the lungs. 
 
 SPIROPTERA HOMINIS, see Worms. 
 
 SPISSANTIA, Incrassantia. 
 
 SPIT, Sputum. 
 
 SPIT'AL, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 village of Spital is situate on the south side of 
 .the Tweed, near Tweedmouth. The springs there 
 contain chloride of calcium, sulphate of soda, sul- 
 phate and carbonate of lime. They act as saline 
 cathartics. 
 
 SPITH'AMA, Doralis, A measure of twelve 
 fingers' breadth. 
 
 SPITTING, Exspuition. 
 
 SPITTLE, Saliva— s. Sweet, see Salivation. 
 
 SPLANCHNA, Entrails. 
 
 SPLANCHNECTOP'IA, Splanchnodias'taais, 
 Sitxjts perver' sus seu anom'alua intestino'rum; from 
 CT:\ay)(yov, ' an intestine,' ck, ' out of,' and ronos, 
 ' place.' Misplacement or ectopia of the intes- 
 tines. 
 
 SPLANCHNELMINTHA, Worms. 
 
 SPLANCHNEURYS'MA, from aTr^ayxvov, 'an 
 intestine,' and mpwoj, ' 1 dilate.' Morbid dilata- 
 tion of the intestines. 
 
 SPLANCHNIC, Splaneh'nicus, Vis'ceral, from 
 o-^Xayxvov, 'viscus.' Relating or belonging to the 
 viscera. 
 
 Splanchnic Cav'ities are the three great ca- 
 vities of the body; — those of the cranium, chest, 
 and abdomen. 
 
 Splanchnic Nerves belong to the great sym- 
 pathetic, and are two in number on each side. 
 They are distinguished into : — 1. The great 
 splanchnic nerve, (F.) Grand surrenal (Ch.), 
 Its roots — four or five in number, come from the 
 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and sometimes the 10th, tho- 
 racic ganglia. They descend inward?, on the 
 sides of the vertebral column, beneath the pleura, 
 and unite into a single trunk, which enters the 
 abdomen through a separation of the fleshy fibres 
 of the pillars of the diaphragm ; passes behind 
 the stomach, and divides into several branches, 
 which pass into the semilunar ganglion. 2. The 
 lesser splanchnic nerve, Renal nerve, (F.) Splanch- 
 nique accessoire of Walther, Petit surrenal, (Ch.,) 
 is composed of two distinct branches, proceeding 
 from the 10th and 11th thoracic ganglion, which 
 unite on the 12th dorsal vertebra into a cord, that 
 pierces the diaphragm singly ; enters the abdo- 
 men, and divides into two branches, one of which 
 anastomoses with the greater splanchnic nerve, 
 whilst the other sends its filaments to the renal 
 and solar plexuses. 
 
 SPLANCH'NICA. Medicines adapted to dis- 
 eases of the bowels. Also, the 2d order of the 
 class Caliaea of Good ; defined, — diseases aflfect- 
 ing the eoUatitious viscera, and characterized by 
 disquiet or diseased action in the organs auxiliary 
 to the digestive process, without primary inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 SPLANCHNODIASTASIS, Splanchnectopia. 
 
 SPLANCHNOD'YNE, from cTrXayxvov, 'a vis- 
 cus,' and o&uvt], ' pain.' Pain in the bowels. 
 
 SPLANCHNOGRAPHIA, Splanchnography. 
 
 SPLANCHNOG'RAPHY, Sjilanehnogra'phia, 
 from (77rXa)/;^vov, ' a viscus,' and \oyog, ' a descrip- 
 tion.' The pai't of anatomy which treats of the 
 viscera. 
 
 SPLANCHNGLITHI'ASIS,- from cr^Uyxvov, 
 ' a viscus,' and \tOoi, ' a stone.' The formation 
 of a calculous concretion in any viscus. 
 
 SPLANCHNOL'OGY, Splanchnolog" ia, from 
 c-aXayxvov, ' a viscus,' and \oyoi, ' a discourse.' A 
 treatise on the viscera: — also, Splanchnography. 
 
 SPLANCHNOPATHI'A, from cnXayxvov, 'a 
 viscus,' and iraS-oj, ' sufi'ering.' A disease of the 
 intestines. 
 
 SPLANCHNOSCLERO'SIS, from cir'Xayxvov, 
 ' a viscus,' and aK\r]pos, ' hard.' Induration of a 
 viscus. 
 
 SPLANCHNOT'OMY, Splanchnotom ' ia, 
 Splanehnot'ome, from (nrXayxvov, '& viscus,' and 
 Ttjivhi, ' I cut.' Dissection or anatomy of the 
 viscera. 
 
 SPLAYFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
 
 SPLEEN, Lien, Hepar sinis'trum seu adulte- 
 ri'num, (F.) Rate. A soft, spongy, parenchyma- 
 tous organ ; of a more or less deep violet red, 
 situate deeply in the left hypoehondrium, below 
 the diaphragm, above the colon, between the great 
 tuberosity of the stomach and the cartilages of 
 the false ribs, and above and anterior to the kid- 
 ney. Its ordinary length is 4^ inches ; its thick- 
 ness 2-^ ; and its weight 8 ounces. Its parench j-ma, 
 which is bathed in blood, contains a multitude of 
 grayish, soft, and semi-transparent gi-anulations 
 — spilenic corpuscles or Malpighian bodies of the 
 spleen. It is covered by a serous membrane, 
 furnished by the peritoneum; and by a proper 
 coat, of a fibrous nature, which is intimately united 
 with it, and transmits into its interior delicate, 
 solid, and very elastic prolongations — trahecidce. 
 At its inner edge is a fissure, by which the 
 vessels and nerves enter the organ. The func 
 tions of the spleen are unknown. One of the 
 latest opinions is, that it belongs to the lymphatio 
 system ; and acts as a diverticulum to the vas- 
 cular system. 
 
 Spleen, Hypochondriasis •^- s. Malpighian bo- 
 dies of the, see Spleen — s. Supernumerarj', Lien- 
 culus. 
 
 SPLEENWORT, Asplenium, A. filix foemina, 
 Asplenium scolopendrium — s. Bush, Comptonia 
 asplenifolia. 
 
 SPLENAL'GIA, Neural'gia lie'nis, Sple'nica, 
 Splenodyn'ia, from cirXriv, 'the spleen,' and aXyos, 
 ' pain.' Pain in the spleen. 
 
 Splenalgia Bengalensis, see Cachexia, sple* 
 nic — s. Phlegmonodea, Splenitis — s. Subinflam- 
 matoria chronica, Splenoncus. 
 
 SPLENATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia Lie'nis, from 
 (!-!z\riv, ' spleen,' and atrophia, 'atrophy.' Wasting 
 or atrophy of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENAUXE, Splenoncus. 
 
 SPLENECTAMA, Splenoparectama. 
 
 SPLENECTASIS, Splenoparectama. 
 
 SPLENECTOM'IA, Splenec'tome, from 17^7?^, 
 'the spleen,' «, 'out of,' and repivu), 'I cut.' Ex- 
 tirpation of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENECTOP'IA, Disloca'tio lie'nis seu sple- 
 nis ; from o-irXr/v, 'the spleen,' and ikto-kos, 'out 
 of place.' Dislocation of the spleen. Not a com- 
 mon occurrence. 
 
 SPLENEMPHRAX'IS, Splenophrax'ia, from 
 crr\Tiv, 'the spleen,' and enippaaaoi, '1 obstruct' 
 Obstruction of the spleen. — Vogel. See Splenon- 
 cus. 
 
 SPLENES. Hvpochondriasis. 
 
 SPLENET'ICUS; Sple'-iieus, Splenit'icus, Lie- 
 no' sus, (F.) Ratileux. That which relates to the 
 spleen : one labouring under diseased spleen. A 
 medicine adapted for diseases of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENIC, Sple'nicus, Sple'nius, from o-jtXi/v, 
 ' the spleen.' That which relates to the spleeiu 
 
SPLENICA 
 
 810 
 
 SPONDTLOPAXniA 
 
 Splenic Artery. It arises from the coeliac ; 
 oud passes from right to left, forming many 
 windings along the upper edge of the pancreas, 
 which lodges it in a special groove. It reaches 
 the fissure of the spleen, and divides into several 
 hranches that enter the organ. In its course it 
 furnishes the pancreatic, left gastro-epiploic, and 
 the vasa brevia. 
 
 Splexic Cachexia, see Cachexia splenica — s. 
 Corpuscles, see Spleen. 
 
 Splenic Plexus is a nervous'network, which 
 proceeds from the coeliac plexus, and aeeompa- 
 iiies the splenic artery, sending secondary plex- 
 uses to each division. 
 
 Splexic Vein arises from the spleen, and ac- 
 companies the splenic artery ; proceeding from 
 left to right, to unite with the superior mesenteric 
 vein, and to form, with it, the abdominal vena 
 porta. In its course, it receives veins correspond- 
 ing to the vasa hrevia, the right and left gastro- 
 epiploic, the duodenal, pancreatic, coronaria ven- 
 triculi, and inferior mesenteric veins. 
 
 SPLENICA, Splenalgia. Also, medicines which 
 affect the spleen. — Pereira. 
 
 SPLENICUS, Spleneticus, Splenic. 
 
 SPLENIOLA, Compress. 
 
 SPLENIS TUMOR, Ague cake. 
 
 SPLEmSATION; Splenization. 
 
 SPLENISCUS, Compress. 
 
 SPLEXITICUS, Splenic. 
 
 SPLENI'TIS, from cn:\r,v, 'the spleen,' and 
 ilis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 Sjdeen. Emprea'ma splenitis, Infamma'fio lie'iiis, 
 I. splenis, SplenaV gia pMegmono' dea, (F.) Inflam- 
 mation de la Mate. A rare disease, characterized 
 by local pain, swelling, and heat, which sometimes 
 terminates by suppuration. It must be treated 
 like other inflammations. 
 
 SPLENIUM, Compress — s. Corporis Callosi, 
 see Corpus callosum — s. Crnciatum, Croix de 
 Malta. 
 
 SPLE'NIUS, S. Cajy'itis, S. Colli, (F.) Cerviao- 
 dorso-mnsto'idien et durso-trachelien, Cervico-mas- 
 toidien (Ch.), Posterior mastoid muscle. So called 
 from its resemblance to the spleen of certain ani- 
 mals. A muscle situate at the posterior part of 
 the neck, and upper part of the back. It is much 
 broader above than below, where it terminates in 
 a point. It is attached, by its inner edge, to the 
 spinous processes of the first five dorsal vertebrae; 
 to that of the 7th cervical, and to the inferior part 
 of the posterior cervical ligament. By its upper 
 extremitj', it is attached to the transverse pro- 
 cesses of the first two cervical vertebrae, to the 
 mastoid process, and to the posterior surface of 
 the occipital bone. Some have considered this 
 muscle to be formed of two portions, which they 
 have called Splenius colli, and Splenitis cap'itis. 
 The splenius extends the head, inclines it, and 
 rotates it. If the splenii of each side act together, 
 they extend the head. 
 
 SPLENIZA'TION, Splenizatio, (P.) SpUnisa- 
 tion, from utAjjv, 'the spleen.' A term applied to 
 the state of the lung in the first or second stage 
 of pneumonia in which its tissue resembles that 
 of the spleen. _ 
 
 SPLENOCE'LE, ^er'nia liena'lis, from (tttXtiv, 
 'the sjjleen,' anAxriXr), 'a tumour.' Herniaformed 
 by the spleen. 
 
 SPLENODYNIA, Splenalgia. 
 
 SPLENOG'RAPHY, SplenograpVin, from 
 o-irX/ji', 'the spleen,' and ypatpj], 'a description.' A 
 description of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENOH^'MIA, (F.) Spl^nohemie, from 
 a-Kijv, 'ttic spleen,' and 'ai/ia, 'blood.' Conges- 
 tion or hyperoemia of the spleen, a common phe- 
 nomenon in many diseases, especially in typhoid 
 sad intermittent fevers. 
 
 SPLENDID, Splenoi'des, Sphno'des, from 
 iT-\riv, 'spleen,' and noos, 'resemblance.' Spleen- 
 like. Having the appearance of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENOL'OGY, Splenolor/'ia, from c-rrXriv, 
 'the spleen,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' A treatise 
 on the spleen. 
 
 SPLENONCIE, Splenoncus. 
 
 S'Pli'ET^0'S'C\j'S>,Meyalos2-)l'-'nia,JTypertrop'h.'i'X 
 seu Stipernutrit"io spilenis seu lie'nis, Intnmescen'- 
 tia seu Infarc'tris seu Physco'nia lienis, SplenaV - 
 gia sulinflammato' ria chron'ica, Sp>lenemp}irax' is, 
 Splenavx'e, Hypersplenotroph'ia, Lien ingenn, 
 (F.) Splenoncie. Hyjiertrophie de la Rote; from 
 avXrjv, 'the spleen,' and oyKoi, 'a tumour.' Tu- 
 mefaction of the spleen. See Ague cake. 
 
 SPLENOPAEEC'TAMA, Splenec'tana, Sple- 
 noparec' tasis, Splenec' tusis, from (tttAtji', 'the 
 spleen,' and TraptKrana, 'excessive volume.' Ex- 
 cessive enlargement of the spileen. — Ploucquet. 
 
 SPLENOPARECTASIS, Splenoparectama. 
 
 SPLENOPHRAXIA, Splenemphraxis. 
 
 SPLENORRHAG"IA,from cnXnv, 'the spleen,' 
 and payrj, 'rupture.' Hemorrhage from the spleen. 
 
 SPLENOSCIR'RHUS,from aK)<,jv, 'the spleen,' 
 and c-Kippos, 'hardness.' Scirrhus or cancer of the 
 spleen. 
 
 SPLENOT'OMT, Splenotom'ia, Splenot' owe, 
 from orXr/i/, 'the spleen,' and tcjivu), 'I cut.' Dis- 
 section of the spleen. 
 
 SPLINT, Teut. Splinter, from splijten, 
 'to split;' Hastel'la, Ass'vla, Asser'culum, Plag'- 
 ula, Narthex, Fer'ula, (F.) Attelle, Eelisse. A 
 flexible and resisting lamina of wood, used in the 
 treatment of fractures, to keep the fragments in 
 apposition, and prevent their displacement. 
 Splints are made of iron, wood, bark of trees, 
 leather, gutta percha, pasteboard, &c. They are 
 generally padded, and are fixed by a roller or by 
 tapes, according to circumstances. 
 
 SPLINTER, (F.) Esquille. Same etymon. 
 This term is sometimes applied to a small portion 
 of wood, which occasionally enters the skin, and 
 gives occasion to much irritation until it is re- 
 moved, — Acu'leus lig'neus, (F.) Echarde. 
 
 It is also applied to fragments that separate 
 from a fractured or diseased bone. 
 
 SPLITROCK, Heuchera cortusa. 
 
 SPODIUM GR^CORUM, Album grajcum. 
 
 SPOLIARIUM, Apodyterium. 
 
 SPO'LIATH'E, Spoliati'va, from npolio, ' I 
 take away.' Phlehotom'ia spoliati'va, (F.) Saignee 
 spoliative. Blood-letting, used for the purpose 
 of diminishing the mass of blood. 
 
 SPOLIATORIUM, Apodyterium. 
 
 SPONDTLAL'GIA, Spondylodijn'ia, from 
 atrov^v'Kog, 'a vertebra,' and a\yos, 'pain.' Pain 
 in the vertebrae. Cacorrhachitis. See Vertebral 
 Disease. 
 
 SPONDYLARTHRI'TIS, from Groviv\o?, 'a 
 vertebra,' apdpov, 'a joint.' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Gouty or rheumatic inflammation 
 of the spinal column. 
 
 SPONDYLARTHROCACE, Vertebral disease. 
 
 SPONDYLI. Vertebrse. 
 
 SPONDYLIS, Coccyx. 
 
 SPONDYLI'TIS, Inflamma'tio ver'tehra, from 
 ciTovSuXos, and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the vertebrae. 
 
 SPONDYLIUM, Coccyx, Heracleum spondy- 
 lium. 
 
 SPONDYLOCACE. Vertebral disease. 
 
 SPONDYLODYNIA, Spondylalgia. 
 
 SPONDYLOPATHI'A, from crovMos, ' s. ver- 
 tebra,' and naOos, ' a disease.' A disease of the 
 vertebral column. 
 
SPONDTLOPYOSIS 
 
 811 
 
 SPUTUM 
 
 SPONDYLOPYOSIS, Vertebral disease. 
 SPOND'YLUS, a-rrovivXos. A vertebra; and, 
 especially, the two large cervical vertebrae. Also, 
 the vertex. 
 
 SPONGE, BASTARD, Alcyonium. 
 SPONGI. The tumefied glands of the neck. 
 SPON'GIA, Spongos, Sphongus, Spongia offi- 
 cinrt'lis, Spou'gia Mari'na, Sponge, (F.) Eponge. 
 An organized marine substance, of the great class 
 of Zoophytes, met with in many seas, but espe- 
 cially in the Mediterranean and Arabian. It is 
 supple, elastic, porous, and capable of absorbing 
 fluids in which it may be placed, and of thus in- 
 creasing in size. It is employed in surgery, for 
 cleansing or washing; for absorbing acrid dis- 
 charges from ulcers ; suppressing hemorrhage 
 when the mouth of the vessel can be compressed 
 by it, and for forming tents for dilating wounds ; 
 in which case, the sponge is immersed in melting 
 ■wax, and cooled before being used. It is then 
 called Prepared Sponge or Sponge Tent. 
 
 iSpoNGiA AssA, S. Usta — s. Cynosbati, Bedegar. 
 Spongia Usta, S. Assa, Qarho spon'gicB, Burnt 
 Sponge, contains cai-bonate and phosphate of lime, 
 carbonate of soda, charcoal, and iodine. It is 
 used in bronchocele, scrofulous affections, and 
 herpetic eruptions; audits good effects seem to 
 be dependent upon iodine. It is made by cutting 
 sponge into pieces, and heating it, that any ex- 
 traneous matter may be separated ; burning it in 
 a close iron vessel until it becomes black and 
 friable, and, lastly, rubbing it into very fine 
 powder. — Ph. U. S. 
 
 SPON'GIA LAPIS. A name given to small 
 •friable stones found in sponge. They were for- 
 merl.y esteemed lithontriptic. 
 SPONGIODES, Spongoid. 
 
 SPONGIOLE, Spongiohim : from cnroyyiov, 'a. 
 small sponge.' The soft succulent extremity of the 
 fibrils or true roots of a plant, by which it absorbs 
 or sucks up fluid. Similar spongioles have been 
 supposed to exist at the terminations of the 
 absorbents in animals. 
 
 SPON'GION. Ancient name of an epithem 
 made of goats' dung : and also of a malagma, 
 which was considered capable of absorbing the 
 serum in dropsies, like a sponge. — Paulus, Gor- 
 rsens. 
 
 SPONGIOSUM (OS), Ethmoid bone. 
 SPONGIOSUS, Spongoid. 
 
 SPONGOID, Spongo'ides, Spovgio'des, Spon- 
 gio'sus, from o-Ti-oyyia, ' sponge,' and ti^o?, 'resem- 
 blance.' Resembling sponge. Of the nature of 
 sponge. 
 
 Spongoid Inflammation, Hcematodes fungus. 
 Spongoid Tissue, (P.) Tissu spongo'ide. An 
 adventitious spongy tissue, found in cases of 
 rickets. — Guerin. 
 SPONGOS, Tonsil. 
 
 SPONSA SOLIS, Calendula officinalis. 
 SPONTA'NEOUS, Sponta'nens, from sponfe, 
 ' voluntarily.' That which occurs of itself, or 
 without any manifest external cause. Evacua- 
 tions are termed spontaneous, which are not pro- 
 duced by medicine. Sponta'neous las'situde is 
 that which is not the result of fatigue. Diseases 
 are also spontaneous which supervene without 
 apparent cause. Sponta'neous Aiuvuta'tion is the 
 separation of a limb from the foetus in utero. 
 
 Spontaneous Evolution, see Evolution — s. 
 Version, Evolution, spontaneous. 
 
 SPONTEPARITJS, Generation, spontaneous. 
 SPOONWOOD, Kalmia latifolia, Tilia. 
 SPORAD'IC, Spor'ades, Sjyorad'iei, Morhi dis- 
 per'si, Morii sparsi, from annpnv, 'to spread.' 
 Diseases are so called which supervene indiffer- 
 ently in every season and situation, from acci- 
 
 dental causes, and independently of any epidemic 
 or contagious influence. 
 
 SPORE, Spor'ule, Sporum, Spor'ulum, from 
 oTTTEtpu), ' I sow.' The reproductive body in cryp- 
 togamous plants, which is analogous to the seeii 
 of phanerogamous plants. 
 
 SPORID'IUM; same etymon. The reproduc- 
 tive body in algaceous plants, which resembles 
 the spore of other plants. 
 SPORULE, Spore. 
 
 SPORUM, Spore. i 
 
 SPOTS, GERMINAL, see Molecule. 
 Spots, Red, (F.) Taches rouges, Ease spots. 
 Small red spots which appear in typhoid fever, 
 from the 8th to the 15th day of the disease. They 
 are most frequently seen on the loiver and middle 
 portions of the chest, and upper part of the ab- 
 domen. 
 
 Spots, Rose, Spots, red. 
 
 SPRAIN, corrupted from strain : — Suhluxa'~ 
 tw, Distor'tio, Dias'troj)he, Diastrem'ma, Luxa'- 
 ■tio imper/ec'ta, Exarthre'ma, Exarthro'sis, Strem- 
 ma, Thlasma Strewma ; a wrench, {¥.} Eetorse, 
 Entorse, Foulure. A violent straining or twisting 
 of the soft parts surrounding the joints. Accor- 
 ding to the degree of the sprain, the fibrous parts 
 of the joint may be simply stretched, or they 
 may be r-uptured. This affection, which has been 
 regarded as incomplete luxation, occurs, particu- 
 larly, in the ginglymoid joints ; — as in the foot, 
 wrist, knee, &c. The violence causes an afflux 
 of blood; the serum of the blood is poured out, 
 and often the blood itself, owing to the rupture 
 of vessels ; and inflammation arises, which ends 
 in resolution or induration. Local, antiphlogistic 
 applications ore required, with perfect rest ; and, 
 when the inflammatory action has subsided, cold 
 pumping and friction, with the application of a 
 plaster and bandage, will afford support till the 
 parts affected recover their due tone. 
 
 SPRAT, YELLOW-BILLED, Clupea thryssa. 
 SPRUCE BEER, White Spruce Beer. A beer 
 made as follows : To 10 g.allons of water, add 6 
 pounds of sugar, and 4 oz. of essence of spruce. 
 Add yeast, and bottle, when ready. It is grate- 
 ful and antiscorbutic. 
 
 Spruce Beer Powders may be formed of 
 lohite sugar, ^j, and Qij > sodcB snhcarh., gr. xxvj ; 
 essence of sijruce, gr. x, in each blue paper; and 
 acid of tartar, ^ss in each white paper. For half 
 a pint of water. 
 
 SPUITIO, Exspuition. 
 
 SPUMA ARGENTI, Plumbi oxydura serei- 
 vitreum — s. Cerevisiaj, Yest — s. Trium draconum, 
 Antimonium muriatum. 
 SPUMEUX, Frothy. 
 SPUMOSUS, Frothy. 
 SPUNK, Boletus igniarius. 
 SPUR, Sax. fpu)i, (F.) .^peron des Arteres. 
 The angle at which the arteries leave a cavity or 
 trunk. 
 
 Spur, Ergot. 
 
 SPURGE, CAPER, Euphorbia lathyris--s. 
 Cypress, Euphorbia Cyparissias — s. Flax, Dnphno 
 gnidium — s. Flowering, large, Euphorbia corol- 
 lata — s. Garden, Euphorbia lathyris — s. Greater, 
 Euphorbia palustris — s. Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia 
 ipecacuanha — s. Laurel, Daphne laureola — s. 
 Marsh, Euphorbia palustris — s. Olive, Cneorum 
 trieoccum — s. Olive, Daphne mezereum — s. Sea, 
 Euphorbia paralias. 
 
 SPUTA, PRUNE JUICE, see Prune Juice. 
 SPUTAMEN, Saliva, Sputum. 
 SPUTAMENTUM, Saliva, Sputum. 
 SPUTATIO, Exspuition. 
 SPUTATION, Exspuition. 
 SPUTUM, Plural, Spyta, Ap>ochrein'ma,Chrein- 
 ma, Emptys'ma, Sputa'men, Pty'elong Pytia'nn, 
 
SQUALLING 
 
 812 
 
 STAPHISAIGBE 
 
 Spit, from spuere, sputum, 'to spit.' (F.) OracJiat. 
 The secretions ejected from the mouth in the act 
 of spitting. It is composed of saliva, and of the 
 mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of the 
 nasal fossse and fauces, and often by the mem- 
 brane of the larynx and bronchia. The sputa 
 are, sometimes, called eriiginous, when of a green- 
 ish-yellow colour; gummy, when they resemble 
 a thick solution of gumj frothy, (F.) mousseux, 
 when covered with froth ; rubiginous, (F.) riibi- 
 giiieujc ou rouilles, when of a reddish-yellow; and 
 streaked, (F.) stries, when mixed with lines of 
 blood. Also, saliva. 
 
 SpuTusr Crubntum, Haemoptysis — s. Dulce, 
 Saccharorrhoea pulmonalis — s. Oris, Salivation — 
 s. Saccharatum, Saccharorrhoea pulmonalis — s. 
 Sanguinis, Hasmoptysis. 
 
 SQUALLING, Vagitus. 
 
 SQUAMA, Scale, Table. 
 
 SQUAMiE, Scaly diseases. 
 
 SQUAMARIA, Plumbago Europaea. 
 
 SQtJAMEUX, Squamous. 
 
 SQUAMIFORMIS, Squamous. 
 
 SQUAMOUS, Squamo'sus, Lepido'i'des, Lepi- 
 du'des, Squamifor'mis, Scaly; from squama, 'a 
 ecale.' That which relates to or resembles a scale. 
 
 Squamous Portion of the temporal bone, (F.) 
 Portion squameuse ou ecaillcuse du Temporal, is 
 the upper part of the temporal, so called from a 
 fancied resemblance to a scale. 
 
 Squamous Suture, Sutu'ra squamo'sa, S. men- 
 do'sa seu lepidoei'des seu lepido'des, Sutu'ra cra'- 
 nii squamo'sa, (F.) Suture squameuse ou ecail- 
 leuse. The suture which unites the squamous 
 portion of the temporal bone to the parietal. 
 
 Certain scaly cutaneous affections are also 
 Ciilled squamous, (F.) sqtiameux. See Scale. 
 
 SQUAP.B STALK, Monarda eoccinea. 
 
 SQUAW-MINT, Hedeoma. 
 
 SQUAW-ROOT, Acteea racemosa, Caulophyl- 
 lum thalietroides. 
 
 SQUAW-WEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
 
 SQUEAMISHNESS, Fastidium cibi. 
 
 SQUEAZINESS, Nausea, 
 
 SQUELETTE, Skeleton. 
 
 SQUELETTOLOGIE, Skeletology. 
 
 SQUILL, Scilla, — s. Vinegar of, Acetum scillffi. 
 
 SQUILLA, Scilla. 
 
 SQUINANGIE, Cynanche, Cynanche tonsil- 
 aris. 
 
 SQUINANCY,COMMON,Cynanchetonsillaris. 
 
 SQUINANTHIA, Cynanche. 
 
 SQUINANTHUS, Juncus odoratus. 
 
 SQUINE, Smilax China. 
 
 SQUINSY, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 SQUINT-EYJED, see Strabismus. 
 
 SQUINTER, see Strabismus. 
 
 SQUINTING, Strabismus, 
 
 SQUIRRE, Scirrhus. 
 
 SQUIRREL CORN, Dicentra Canadensis. 
 
 SQUIRROGASTRIE, Scirrhogastria. 
 
 SQUIRRUS, Scirrhus. 
 
 SQUIRT, Syringe. 
 
 STACHELBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Stachelberg Springs are far down in the valley 
 of the Linth, in Switzerland. The waters are 
 sulphureous, and are much visited by gouty and 
 rheumatic invalids. 
 
 STACHYS FCETIDA, Galeopsis, 
 
 STACTE, Myrrha, 
 
 STADE, Stage. 
 
 STADIUM, Period, Stage. 
 
 Sta'dium Acmes seu Sta'seos. The period of 
 the height of a disease. 
 
 STA'Di0!>r Annihilatio'nis seu Convalescen'- 
 TiyE seu Reconvalescentijs. The period of 
 tficovery from disease. 
 
 Stadium Augmen'ti seu Incremen'ti Morbi. 
 The perlovi or stage of increase of a disease. 
 
 Stadium Caloris, Stage, (hot) — s, Convales- 
 centiffi, S. annihilationis. 
 
 Stadidm Decremen'ti. The period or stage 
 of decrease of a disease. 
 
 Stadium Frigoris, Stage, (cold) — s. Inere- 
 menti Morbi, S. Augment! morbi — s. Latentis Con- 
 tagii, Prodromus — s. Opportunitatis, Prodromus 
 — s. Prodromorum, Prodromus — s. Reconvales- 
 centia;, S. Annihilationis. 
 
 STAFF, (D.) Staf. An instrument of great 
 importance in lithotomy, — being the director for 
 the gorget or knife. It is made of steel ; and the 
 handle is flat and rough, in order that it may be 
 more securely held. The groove is on its convex 
 surface. 
 
 STAFF TREE, CLIMBING, Celastrus scan- 
 dens. 
 
 STAFFA, Stapes. 
 STAG'S PIZZLE, see Cervus. 
 STAGE, Sta'dium, (F.) Estage, Mage, Stade. 
 The period or degree of a disease; especially the 
 period of an intermittent : — as the cold stage, — 
 sta'dium fri'goris — hot stage, &o. 
 STAGGERWEED, Delphinium. 
 STA'GIUM. The sixth part of an ounce. 
 STAGMA, from ora^o), 'I distil;' Stcdag'ma. 
 Any distilled liquid or liquor. 
 Stagma, Gutta, 
 
 STAGNA'TION, Stagna'tio, from stagnare, 
 'to form a pond.' Accumulation and retardation 
 of fluids in any part of the body. 
 
 STAGNUM CHYLI, Receptaculum chyli. 
 STAHLIAN. One who follows the doctrine 
 of Stahl. 
 
 STAHL'IANISM. The doctrine of Stahl, 
 which considered every vital action under the 
 direction and presidency of the soul. See Animist. 
 STALAGMA, Stagma. 
 
 STALAGMI'TIS GAMBOGIOI'DES, S. Cam- 
 ho'gia. Gamboge was long ascribed to this fancied 
 Ceylonese plant. It is now known, that the nam^ 
 was given by Murray to specimens of two distJn** 
 trees of different genera. See Cambogia. 
 STALAGMOS, Distillation. 
 STALTICUS, Incarnans. 
 STAMMERING, Balbuties— s. of the Finger* 
 Cramp, writers'. 
 
 STAMPING MILL, see Pulverization. 
 STANGOS, Tin. 
 
 STANNI MURIAS. Tin, muriate of— s. Oxy 
 dull murias, Tin, muriate of — s. Pulvis, see Tin 
 STANNIOLUM, Tinfoil. 
 
 STANNUM, Tin — s. Cinereum, Bismuth— 3 
 Foliatum, Tinfoil — s. Glaciale, Bismuth — s. Gra 
 nulatum, see Tin — s. Indicum, Zincum. 
 STAPEDIEN, Stapedius. 
 STAPE'DIUS, Stapes, (F.) Sfapidren, Pyra- 
 midal-stapedien. A muscle of the middle ear, 
 which draws the stapes obliquely upwards. 
 ^STAPES, Stapha, Staffa, 'a stirrup.' (F.( 
 Etrier. The innermost of the small bones of tha 
 ear, so called because it resembles a stirrup. It 
 is situate horizontally in the cavity of the tympa- 
 num. Its head, which is directed outwards, is 
 articulated with the os orbiculare. Its base face:) 
 inwards, and is applied to the fenestra ovali,---, 
 which it closes imperfectly, and to the membrano 
 of which it is united. Its branches are one iiute- 
 rior, and the other ^)os<crjor. They are curved ; 
 and the space between them is parabolic. Su/~ 
 geons have given the name Stapes to a bandago 
 used in bleeding from the foot; which forms a 
 figure of 8 around the ankles. 
 STAPHA, Stapes. 
 
 STAPHIS, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 STAPHISAGRIA, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 STAPHISAIGBE, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
STAPHTL^MATOMA 
 
 813 
 
 STATURE 
 
 STAPHYL/EMATO'MA, from crTa<j,v\v, 'the 
 nvula,' and hcBmotoma. A tumour formed by ef- 
 fusion of blood beneath the mucous membrane 
 of the uvula. 
 
 vSTAPHYLAGRA, Staphylepartes. 
 
 STAPHYLE, Uvula, see Vitis vinifera, 
 
 STAPHYLEPAR'TES, from ara^vXri, 'the 
 uvula,' and t-rraipi), 'I lift up.' Staph' ylagra. An 
 instrument for laying hold of, and removing the 
 uvula. — Paulus. 
 
 STAPHYLINI, see Azygos muscle — s. Medii, 
 see Azygos muscle. 
 
 STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pha- 
 ryngeus. 
 ' STAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circumflexus. 
 
 STAPHYLIS, Nipple. 
 
 STAPHYLITIS, Uvulitis. 
 
 STAPHYLIUM, Nipple. 
 
 STAPHYLODIALYSIS, Cionis, Staphyloe- 
 dema. 
 
 STAPHYLCEDE'MA, Ancji'na uvuJa'ris, Bt/s- 
 plia'gia uvulo'sa, Hypostaph'j/le, flypostaphyli'tis, 
 Staphylodial'y sis, Prolapsus seu Propto' sis u'vvIcb, 
 Octsiis u'vulcB, 'Hinias, Hiinanto'mu, Himanto'sis, 
 Staphylon'cns, Stapliylon'cia,OEde.'ma u'viil(B,Pro- 
 duc'tio uvtiIcB d pitui'ta, U'i>ula decid'ua seu re- 
 laxa'ta, Oras'pedon. Relaxation and tumefaction 
 of the uvula, which, either from inflammation or 
 infiltration, hangs down so as to occasion difficult 
 deglutition, cough, &c. Scarification, astringent 
 gargles, and, if necessary, excision, constitute the 
 treatment. 
 
 STAPHYLO'MA, from craipvXr!, 'a grape.' 
 ITva'tio, Myoceph'alon. 3/y'ioceph' ahim, Parop'sis 
 Stnpliylo'ma, StapJiylo'sis, Polyrjro'ma. A name 
 given to different tumours of the anterior surface 
 of the globe of the eye. 
 
 Staphyloma Conicum, Staphyloma of the cor- 
 nea — s. Pellucidum conicum, Staphyloma of the 
 oornea. 
 
 Staphyloma of the Cornea, Sugar-loaf Cor- 
 nea, Con'ical Cornea, Con'ical hydrophthal'mia, 
 Sta'phylo' ma con'icum, S. pellu'cidum con'icum, 
 Conophtlial'mia, Prolap'sus cor'necB, Ceraton'cvs, 
 ffypercerato'sis, Hypercer' asis, is an uneqvial, 
 embossed, bluish or whitish, round or conical 
 tumour; of variable size; formed by the projec- 
 tion of the transparent cornea, which is some- 
 times extenuated and distended, at others thick- 
 ened. 
 
 Staphyloma op the Iris is the disease de- 
 scribed by Scarpa under the name Procidentia 
 Iridis. It is hernia of the iris, through an acci- 
 dental opening of the cornea. Also, iridauxesis. 
 
 Staphyloma op the Sclbrot'ic differs from 
 the last, in the prominence existing on a part of 
 the eye covered bj' the sclerotic, which is much 
 thinner. 
 
 Staphyloma JJy'em, Iridauxesis. 
 
 STAPHYLOXCIA, Staphytedema. 
 
 STAPHYLONCUS, Staphyloedema. 
 
 ST APHYLOPL AS ' TIC, StaphylopJas ' iievs, 
 from (7Tacl>v'Sn, ' the uvula,' and i:\aoao), ' I form.' 
 An epithet applied to the operation for replacing 
 the sofc palate, when it has been lost. 
 
 STAPHYLOR'RAPHY, Velosynth'esis, ■ Sta- 
 phylorrha'phia, Kionorrha'phia, Cionorrhaph.'ia, 
 Uranor' rjiaplie, Uranorrha' johia, Uraniscorrha' - 
 pJiia, Uraniscoi-'rhaphe, from. (TTa(j>vX7], 'the uvu- 
 la,' and paip-n, 'a suture.' The operation for uni- 
 ting a cleft palate. It consists in paring the edges 
 of the cleft ; passing ligatures through them, and 
 bringing them together. 
 
 STAPHYLOSIS, Staphyloma. 
 
 STAPHYLOT'OMY, Staphylotom'ia, from oTa- 
 (pvXrjt 'the uvula,' and rofiij, 'incision.' Amputa- 
 tion of the uvula. 
 
 STAR-APPLE, BROAD-LEAVED, Chryso- 
 phyllum cainito — s. Blazing, Aletris farinosa — s. 
 Bloom, Spigelia Marilandica — s. Grass, Aletris 
 farinosa, Hypoxys erecta — s. Knap-weed, Cen- 
 taurea calcitrappa — s. Stroke, Coup-de-soleil 
 — s. Wort, Aletris farinosa — s. Wort, golden, 
 Bubonium. 
 
 STARBECK SPA. A chalybeate spring at 
 Harrogate. 
 
 STARCH, Amylum— s. Blue, Smalt. 
 
 Starch, Iodide op, lod'idvm seu lodm-e'tum 
 Am'yli, Am'ylum ioda'tiim, (F.) lodure d'Amidon; 
 prepared by triturating iodine and starch, is said 
 to have the eutrophic effects of iodine ; but, by 
 some, is esteemed inert. Dose, four to six 
 grains. 
 
 Starch, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum — s. 
 Sugar, Glucose. 
 
 STARKEY'S PILLS, see Pilulse ex helleboro 
 et myrrha. 
 
 STASE, Stasis. 
 
 STASIS, orao-tf, from oTaw, ' I stop,' (F.) Stnse. 
 This word has nearly the same signification as 
 stagnation. Stagnation, however, sometimes in- 
 cludes a morbid condition of the fluids, — Stasis 
 never. 
 
 Stasis, Station. 
 
 STATIC. An epithet applied to the physical 
 phenomena presented by organized bodies in 
 contradistinction to the organic or vital. 
 
 STAT'ICA SEPTI NA'RIUM, Appen'dix cv- 
 ta'nea sejM na'rium. The cutaneous appendage 
 to the septum narium. 
 
 STAT'ICE CAROLINIA'NA of the United 
 States, Amer'icaii T'hrift,MaTsli Rose' mary, Marsh 
 Root, Seaside Thrift, Inhroot, Sea Lavender, is 
 considered to be a mere variety of the statice li- 
 monium. 
 
 Stat'ice Limo'nium, S. 3Iarit'imum, Behen rv- 
 li-itm, Limo'nium, L. majns seu vxdga're, Behen, Sea 
 Lav'ender, Red Behen, Behmen Ackmar, Marsh 
 Rosemary, Lavender Thrift, (F.) Behen rouge. 
 Family, Plumbaginea. Sex. Syst. Pentandria 
 Pentagynia, The roots have been esteemed as- 
 tringent, tonic, and eminently antiseptic. 
 
 Statice Maritimum, S. limonium — s. Vulgare, 
 S. limonium. 
 
 STA'TION, Sta'tio, Stasis, Status, from stare, 
 «to stand.' The act of standing. 
 
 STA'TIONARY, Stationa'rins, from stare, ' to 
 stand.' A name given by Sydenham and StoU 
 to certain diseases, which depend upon a particu- 
 lar state of the atmosphere; and which prevail 
 in a district for a certain number of years, and 
 then give waj' to others. 
 
 STATIS'TICS, MEDICAL, Vital Statistics, 
 Biostat'ics, (F.) Statistiqne medicate. That part 
 of medicine which relates to details — medico-sta- 
 tistical — connected with the mortality, salubrity, 
 &c., of different countries and situations. 
 
 It has, also, been used in a wider sense to sig- 
 nify the same as Numerical method, (F.) Methods 
 numerique; which is applied to the S3'stemization 
 of medical facts, or to the use of numbers in tho 
 investigation of disease. 
 
 Statistics, Vital, Statistics, medical. 
 
 STATURE, Statu'ra, Meg'ethos, MagnUn no 
 cor'poris, from sto, statum, ' I stand.' The height 
 of the human figure. The following table exhibiw 
 the results of several admeasurements, with the 
 heights of some of the monkey species, oa th* 
 authority of Mi-. Lawrence. 
 
STATUS 
 
 814 
 
 STEREOTICA 
 
 STATURE. 
 Feet. In. 
 
 An Englishman, 
 
 4i 
 
 to 
 
 An EnglishwomaB,. 
 
 00 
 4 
 
 to 
 
 00 
 
 European male skeleton, 5 8 
 
 Do. 5 5 
 
 A Negro at the Lunatic Hospital, Liver- \ r -i q^ 
 
 pool, J "■ 
 
 Another from Virginia 5 5J 
 
 Another from the Gold Coast, 5 8 
 
 Another, 5 00 
 
 Negro skeleton, 4 11 
 
 Another, 5 7i 
 
 A Lascar, 5 4 
 
 Tenns de Medici, 5 00 
 
 Tyson's Ch\ml^Anse(S>miaT)•oglod7/tes) 2 2 
 
 Mr. Ahel's Orang Otang, 2 7 
 
 Camper's I)o. less than 30 
 
 Mr. White's Monkey, 2 2 
 
 STATUS. Acme — s. Cruditatis, Crudity — s. 
 Erethitieus, Nervous diathesis — s. Gastricus, Em- 
 harras ffastriqae — s. Nervosus, Nervous diathesis 
 ■ — s. Sthenieus, Sthenia — s. Verminosus, Ilel- 
 minthinsis. 
 
 STAVESACRE, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 STAXIS, Apostajc'is. A slight epistaxis or 
 nasal hemorrhage. — Hippocrates. 
 
 STEAM-DOCTOR. A term applied to one 
 who treats all or most diseases by steam. 
 STEAR. Pinguedo, Sevum. 
 STEARIN, see Pinguedo. 
 STEARINUM CETACEUM, Cetaceum. 
 STEARRHCE'A, Steatorrhce'a, Stlorrhre'a, 
 Seborr}iog"in, Siiieymatorrhce'a, Smegnwrrha'a, 
 Seha'ceona Flux, from areap, ' suet,' and pzm, ' I 
 flow.' Augmentation of secretion from the seba- 
 ceous follicles of the skin. 
 STEATITES, Polysarcia. 
 
 STEATOCE'LE, from areap, 'suet,' and fcr/X/?, 
 'a tumour.' A tumour formed by a collection of 
 Bteatomatous matter in the scrotum. 
 
 STEATO'MA, Tumor lar'deus, from ureap, 
 ' suet.' Seva'tio, Sleato'sis, Emphi/'nia enci/n'tis 
 efeaioma. An encysted tumour, whose contents 
 are similar to fat. 
 
 STEATOP'TGA, from crzap, 'fat,' and Truy;?, 
 'buttocks.' Bnttoi-^-hump. Eat buttocks ; such 
 as exist in the Hottentot females. 
 STEATORRHEA, Stearrhosa. 
 STEATO'SIS, Steatoma. 
 
 SteATo'siS CoTi'DlS, Begenera'ti'ondipo'sa cordis, 
 Cardielhniob'po'sis and Card iojni/olipo' sis (Pior- 
 ry), Futfy heart. Unusual deposition of fat on 
 the heart : — by some presumed to be occasionally 
 a true adipous degeneration of the substance of 
 the heart, which is probably incorrect- 
 
 STEATOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Aearus 
 Folliculorum. 
 
 STEEL, Cbulvbs. 
 
 STEEPLE-BUSH, Spirwa tomentosa. 
 STEEP».'S OPODELDOCH, see Opodeldoch, 
 Steer's. 
 
 STEGANOP'ODES, ^Ttyavoirohi. Planip'edes. 
 They who have flat feet, or are web-footed, from 
 trrcyaifO',, 'covered,' and roi;;, 'foot.' 
 
 STEGNO'SIS, Steno'sis, Consfipa'tio, Stipn'tin, 
 Condhrisa'tio, Ohstruc'tio, from crcyvou}, 'I con- 
 strict.' Constriction or narrowness of the pores 
 and vessels. Stricture. Constip.ation. Suppression 
 of the evacuations. See Arctatio. 
 STEGNOTICA, Astringents. 
 bTElROSLS, Sterilitas. 
 
 STELENGIS, Stridor dentiura. ^ 
 STELLA, Fas'cia steUa'ta, (F.) Ftoile. A ban- 
 dage, improperly compared to a star, because it 
 is crossed like the letter X. This bandage is ap- 
 plied upon one or both shoulders. In the first 
 case, it is called simple / in the second, double. 
 It was employed in cases of fractures of the ster- 
 num, clavicle, and scapula; in luxations of the 
 humerus, &c. 
 
 Stella Terr^e, Plantaso coronopus. 
 STELLARIA MEDIA, Alsine media— s. Scil- 
 la, Seilla. 
 
 STELLATA RUPINA, Centaurea calcitrapa, 
 STELOCHITIS. OsteoooUa. 
 STENAGMUS, Suspirium. 
 STENAXIS, Suspirium. 
 STENIA, Sthenia. 
 STENICUS. Active. 
 STENOBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
 STENOCARDIA, Angina pectoris, Cardioste- 
 nosis. 
 
 STENOCHO'RIA, StevocJiori'asis. Angustia. 
 Employed by some for contraction of the vagina. 
 Stenochoria Intestini PiEcti. Stricture of the 
 rectum — s. (Esophagi, Dysphagia constricta. 
 
 STENOMYCTE'RIA, from arcvoi, 'narrow,' 
 and jjvKTnp, 'nose.' Contraction of the nahal 
 passages. 
 
 STENOSIS, Stegnosis. 
 STENOSTEGNOSIS, Stenostenosis. 
 STENOSTENO'SIS, Stenostegno'sis, from Stc- 
 no, and (yrEvwo-tj, 'contraction.' Ohstruc'tio duc- 
 tus Stenonia'na. Narrowness or contraction of 
 the duct of Steno. 
 
 STENOSTOM'IA, from artvog, 'narrow,' and 
 cTopa, 'mouth.' Contraction of the mouth. 
 
 STENOTHORA'CES, from crevo;, 'narrow.' 
 and 5a)/>a(, ' the chest.' They who have narrow 
 chests. 
 
 STENTOROPHO'NUS, from SrcrrMp, Stejitor, 
 a Greek in the army before Troy; and tpwvrj^ 
 ' voice.' One who has a strong voice. 
 STEPHANE, Crown. 
 
 STEPHENS, MRS., REMEDY FOR THE 
 STONE. This consisted of lime, prepared by 
 calcining the shells of eggs and snails, made info 
 pills with soap. A decoction was, also, adminis- 
 tered, consisting of chamomile, fennel, parsley, 
 and burdock, with a portion of Alicant soap. It-a 
 virtues were dependent upon the lime and the 
 tonic properties of the decoction. Hales, Hartley. 
 Kirkpatrick, Lobb, and others, wrote in favour 
 of this nostrum ; and it was ultimately bought by 
 the British parliament for £5000. 
 STERA, Uterus. 
 
 STERCORA'CEOUS, Stercora'rius, Diacho- 
 ret'icus, Ster'coral, from sterols, ' dung.' Fecal, 
 Fceccd, (F.) Stercoraire, Stercoral. 
 
 The French use the term Fistules stercorairet 
 for those which are kept up by the constant pas- 
 sage of fecal or stercora'ceovs matter. The name 
 Stercoraires is sometimes given, in derision, U) 
 those physicians who are fond of purging their 
 patients : d posteriori has been similarly used. 
 STERCORAIRE, Stercoraeeous. 
 STBRCUS, Excrement, Fimus — s. Anscrie, 
 Fimus anseris — s. Cauinum album. Allium Grae- 
 cuni — s. Diaboli, Asafoetida — s. Equinon castrati, 
 Fimus. 
 
 Stercus Huua'num, Homerda. Human ex- 
 crement. 
 
 Stkrchs Lacert;e, Crocodilia. 
 STEREOCYST'IS, from oTtpcog, 'hard,' and 
 KxinTig, ' cyst.' A hard steatoma. 
 STEREOS, Solid. 
 STEREOT'ICA, from artpcoi, ' hard.' Fortul- 
 
STERILE 
 
 815 
 
 STETHOMETER 
 
 tons lesions or deformities affecting the hard 
 parts. The 2d order, class Tychica of Good. 
 
 STER'ILE, Ster'ilis, A'gonos, Aph'orus, ApJi- 
 w'icus, AblMt'es, Infecun'dus, (F.) Sterile. Same 
 etymon as Sterilitas. Notprodueingfruit: infecund. 
 
 "STERILIS, Sterile. 
 
 STERIL'ITAS, Agon'ia, Steiro'sis, Stiro'sis, 
 Agenne'sia, Agenue'sis, Infecun'cUtas, SteriVity, 
 Acye'sig, Bar'renness, Ltfecun'dity, Aplio'ria, 
 Atcc'iiiu, Atoc'ia, from crsppoi, or cTtpto;, 'hard, 
 barren.' Quality of that which is barren. Ste- 
 rility may be absolute or relative. The former 
 depends upon some vicious conformation of the 
 genital organs, apparent or concealed, and occa- 
 sionally admits of cure. Sterility is relative when 
 a female does not conceive with one individual, 
 but does with another. Sterility in females is 
 often dependent upon a condition of the uterus 
 characterized by membranous menstruation. 
 
 STERNAD, see Sternal. 
 
 STERNAL, Steriia'lis, from sternum, 'the 
 breast bone.' Relating or appertaining to the 
 eternum or breast bone. 
 
 SxEitNAL Aspect. The aspect of the body 
 where the sternum is situate. — Barclay. Sternad 
 is used by the sam.e writer adverbially to signify 
 towards the sternal aspect. 
 
 STERNALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
 
 STERNO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Sterno-clavicula'- 
 ris. That which relates to the sternum and clavicle. 
 
 Sterno- CLAVic'uLAR Articula'tion is the 
 union of the inner extremity of the clavicle with 
 a round faeette at each side of the superior ex- 
 tremity of the sternum. In this articulation 
 there are, besides the inerusting cartilages, two 
 radiated sienio-clavicular, (F.) Sterno-clavicii- 
 lairea raymxnies ; one anterior, and one posterior 
 — an inter-clameidar ligament, extending between 
 the two clavicles, and two synovial capsules, se- 
 parated by an inter-articular Jibro-cai-tilage. The 
 costo-clavicular ligament may also be considered 
 to belong to this articulation. 
 
 STEli NO- CLA VIO- MA STOW I EN, Sterno- 
 deido-mastoideus — s. Cleido-hyoideus, Sterno- 
 hyoideus. 
 
 STERNO-CLEIDO BRACHIALIS, Pectoralis 
 major. 
 
 STERNO-CLEIDO - MASTOIDEUS, Stemo- 
 fRUStoideas, Oleido-manto'ideita, Mastoideus, Mas- 
 Undetis anterior, Nuta'tor cap'itis ; (F.) Sterno- 
 clavio-masto'idien, Sterno-masto'idien ; from oTEp- 
 vov, ' the sternum,' Kktiq, ' the clavicle,' and fiatj- 
 Tos, 'the mastoid process.' A muscle situate at 
 the anterior and lateral part of the neck. It is 
 long and flattened : simple, above : and divided 
 into two portions below; where it is inserted into 
 the anterior and superior part of the sternum, 
 and the inner quarter of the clavicle. Above, it 
 terminates at the mastoid process, which it em- 
 braces, at the neighbouring part of the temporal 
 bone, and at the outer third of the upper curved 
 line of the occipital bone. It carries the head 
 forward ; inclines, and rotates it to one side. 
 When both contract^ they bend the head directly 
 forwards. 
 
 STERNO-COSTAL, Triangularis sterni — s. 
 Costo-clavio-Iiiuneral, Pectoralis major — s. Dynia, 
 see Somatodynia — s. Humeral, Pectoralis major. 
 
 STERNO-HYOiDEUS, Sterno-cleido-hyoide- 
 t/-9, Sterno-hyo'ides, Ilyoides primus ; from arspvov, 
 'the sternum,' and 'vouirig, 'the os hyoides.' A 
 muscle situate at the anterior part of the neck ; 
 inserted, above, at the inferior edge of the body 
 of the hyoid bone; below, into the upper part 
 of the posterior surface of the sternum f — at the 
 posterior part of the sterno-clavicular articula- 
 tion, and sometimes into the cartilage of the first 
 lib. It depresses the os hyoides. 
 
 STERNO - MASTOlDIEN, Sterno - cleido - 
 mastoideus — s. Pubien, Rectus abdominis. 
 
 STERNO-THYROiDEUS, Sterno -tJiyroider, 
 Bron'ehius. A muscle, situate at the anterior 
 part of the neck. It is attached, above, to tha 
 oblique line seen on the outer surface of the thy- 
 roid cartilage ; and terminates, below, at the up- 
 per part of the posterior surface of the sternum, 
 and the cartilage of the second rib. When it 
 contracts, it depresses the thyroid cartilage and 
 OS hyoides, by the medium of the thyro-hyoid 
 membrane. 
 
 STERNODYNIA SYNCOPALIS, Angina 
 pectoris — s. Syncoptica et Palpitans, Angina pec- 
 toris. 
 
 STERNO-OMPHALODYMIA, see Somato- 
 d3'mia. 
 
 STERNUM, Sternon, from orreppoi, 'solid:' 
 Pectus, Os asser seu pec'toris seu xiphoides seu 
 gladioli seu ensifor'me. Scutum cordis, Brea>it 
 Bone, HcEmal Spine of Owen. An azygous sym- 
 metrical bone, situate at the fore-part of the chei^t. 
 It is flat: broad above ,• narrower in the middle ; 
 and terminates, below, by a pointed cartilage — 
 the xiphoid. It has an anterior or cutaneous sur- 
 face, a. posterior or mediastinal — a superior or 
 clavicidar extremity, and an inferior or abdomi- 
 nal. It is articulated with the clavicles and the 
 seven upper ribs on each side, by means of their 
 cartilages. According to Beclard, it is formed 
 of six principal bones, which he names, from 
 their position, 1. Primi-sternal or clavi-sternai : 
 2. Duo-sternal: 3. Tri-sternal : 4. Quarti-sier- 
 nal : 5. Quinti-sternal : 6. Ultimi-sternal or enai- 
 sternal, 
 
 STERNUMENTUM, Sneezing. 
 
 STERNUTAMENTORIA, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 STERNUTAMENTUM, Sneezing. 
 
 STERNUTATIO, Sneezing. 
 
 STERN UT A TOIRE, Sternutatory. 
 
 STER'NUTATORY, Stemutato' rius, from ster. 
 iiutare, 'to sneeze.' Sternutamen'tum, Errhi'mtm, 
 Ptar'micum, Anarrhi'num, (P.) Sternutatoire. A 
 substance which provokes sneezing; as tobacco, 
 &C.' — See Errhine. 
 
 STERTEUR, Stertor. 
 
 STERTOR, Ronchus or Bhonchm, Rendius, 
 Rhencus, (F.) Sterteur, Ronflement, from stertcre, 
 ' to snore.' The deep snoring which accompanies 
 inspiration in some diseases, particularly in apo- 
 plexy. Such respiration is said to be ster'ioroua; 
 Resjiira'tio stertno'sa seu stertens seu sterioro'aa. 
 
 STERTOROUS, see Stertor. 
 
 STETH^'MIA, Hyperm'mia Piilmo'nvm sea 
 Pec'toris, Conges' tio Pulmontim seu Pectoris, (F.) 
 Hyperemie des Poumons, Congestion dea Poumons. 
 Hypersemia of the lungs. Congestion or accu- 
 mulation of blood in the pulmonary vessels. 
 
 STETHOCATHARSIS, Expectoration. 
 
 STETHOCHYSIS, Hydrothorax. 
 
 STETHODESMIS, Corset. 
 
 STETHODESMIUM, Corset 
 
 STETHODESMUS, Corset. 
 
 STETIIO-M'ETER, from tyrndog, 'the chest,' 
 and fiirpov, 'measure.' An instrument, proposed 
 by Dr. Pvichard Quain, for measuring the extent 
 of movement of the walls of the chest, as a means 
 of diagnosis in thoracic diseases. It consists of 
 a flat case, not unlike a watch-case, having on its 
 upper surface a graduated dial and index, which 
 is acted on by a simple mechanism. A silk cord, 
 long enough to surround onc-balf the chesr, 
 passes through an aperture in the case. The dial 
 is graduated into fifty equal parts, each of which 
 represents the l-200th of an inch. In using the 
 instrument, the dial is placed firmly against the 
 spine, and the point of the tape over the sternuiK, 
 or at any other spot according to the part t-o b« 
 
STETHOPARALYSIS 
 
 816 
 
 STIZOLOBIUM 
 
 examinecl. The extension of the string, as indi- 
 cated by the dial, shows the amount of elasticity 
 of the parietes of the thorax. 
 
 STETHOPARAL'YSIS, Paral'ysia nervo'rnm 
 rhora'cis, pkrenicorum, &c.; from (TTT/dog, 'the 
 chest,' and ^rapaXvais, 'paralysis.' Palsy of the 
 muscles of the chest. 
 
 STETHORPuHEUMA, Pleurodynia. 
 STETH'OSCOPE, Stethoscoji'ium, StetJios'co- 
 2jn.'in, Echoscop'ium, Psopliom'eter, Thoi-acoscop'- 
 iiim, from (7ti]%;, ' the chest/ and aKoirtia, ' I exa- 
 mine.' An instrument invented by Laennec, of 
 Paris, for exploring the chest. The stethoscope, 
 sometimes called Pectoriloque, is a cylinder of 
 wood, from four inches to a foot long; pierced 
 through and through by a longitudinal canal 
 about a quarter of an inch in diameter. The 
 longer are generally composed of two portions, 
 that fit together by means of a screw, one of 
 ■which is hollowed at the extremity, in the shape 
 of a funnel. These two portions being screwed 
 to each other, the physician lays hold of the in- 
 strument, as he would of a pea, puts the funnel- 
 shaped extremity on the chest of the patient, and 
 applies his ear to the other. To explore the pul- 
 sations of the heart, the funnel is plugged up by 
 a piece of the same kind of wood accurately 
 adapted to it, and pierced by a canal of the same 
 width as that in the body of the instrument. 
 Stethoscopes are sometimes flexible, like the 
 flexible ear-trumpet. 
 
 This mode of examining affections of the chest, 
 Stcth' o8copij , Stethoscopi'ia, &c., is what Laennec 
 terms Auscultation mediate, Ilediate Ausadtation. 
 
 STETHOSCOPIA, see Auscultation, and Ste- 
 thoscope. 
 
 STETHUS, Thorax. 
 
 STEW, Stove. 
 
 STHENI'A, Steni'a, Diath'esis sthen'ica, Sta- 
 •>.■« sthen'ictis, Via aucta, from (x^tvo;, ' strength,' 
 •power.' Excess of strength; excitement of the 
 vrganie actions. A word used, especially by the 
 Brunonians, as well as Asthenia, — its antitheton. 
 Sthenic or dynamic diseases are such as depend 
 •^pon excessive excitement. 
 
 STHEI-TICUS, Active. 
 
 STHENOPYRA, Synocha. 
 
 vSTIBI. Antimonium. 
 
 STIBIALIS, Antimoninl. 
 
 STIBIATUS TARTRIS LIXIVIA, Antimo- 
 3»ium tartarizatum. 
 
 STIBII BUTYRUM, Antimonium muriatum 
 
 — s. Deuto-murias sublimatus, Antimonium mu- 
 riatum — s. et Potasste deuto-tartras, Antimonium 
 turtarizatum — s. Ilydrosulphuretum rubrum, An- 
 timonii sulphuretum rubrum — s. Osidum acido 
 aauriatico oxygenato paratum, Algaroth — s. Oxi- 
 dum album mediante nitro confectum, Antimo- 
 nium diaphoreticum — s. Oxidum prsecipitando 
 paratum, Algaroth — s. Oxodes album, Antimo- 
 ■nium diaphoreticum — s. Oxodes sulphuretum, 
 Antimonii sulphuretum prascipitatum — s. Oxydi 
 gulphurati hydro-sulphuretum luteum, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum prfccipitatum — s. Oxydulati sulphu- 
 Vetum, Antimonii sulphuretum praicipitatum — s. 
 Ox.ydulum vitreatum, Antimonii vitrum — s. Oxy- 
 dum semivitreum, Antimonii vitrum — s. Oxydum 
 Eulphuratum, Oxydum stibii sulphuratum — s. 
 Bubhydrosulphas, Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum 
 
 — s. Submurias prsecipitando paratum, Algaroth 
 
 — s. Sulphurati hydrosulphuretum rubrum, An- 
 timonii sulphuretum rubrum — s. Sulphuretum 
 nigrum, Antimonium — s. Vitrum, Antimonii 
 vitniin. 
 
 STIBIOSUM HYDROSULPHURETUM 
 CUM SULPHURE, Antimonii sulphuretum prae- 
 cipitaturc — s. Oxidum, Antimonium diaphore- 
 ticau.- 
 
 STIBIUM, Antimonium. 
 
 STICHAS ARABICA, Lavendula stcechas. 
 
 STICKWORT, Agrimony. 
 
 STICTA PULMONACEA, Lichen pulmo- 
 narius. 
 
 STIFF JOINT, MUSCULAR, Contractura, 
 
 Stiff Joints, Milk sickness. 
 
 STIFFNECK, Torticollis. 
 
 STIftMA, Cicatricula. 
 
 STIGMATA, see Necvus. The breathing pores 
 of insects are so called. 
 
 Stig'mata Ovakio'rtjm, Cicatri'ces Ovario'ntm. 
 The cicatrices left in the ovary after the escape 
 of ova. 
 
 STILBOMA, Cosmetic. 
 
 STILL, Alembic. 
 
 STILLA, Gutta. 
 
 STILLATIO SANGUINIS E NARIBUS, 
 Epistaxis. 
 
 STILLICID'IUM, Suhstil'lum, from sliUare, 
 ' to drop.' This term is often used synonymously 
 with Stranr/uri/. It means the flow of any fluid 
 — particularly the urine — drop by drop. Also a 
 kind of embrocation, Stillicid'ium supra partem, 
 effected by dropping a liquid upon a part. 
 
 Stillicidium Lacrymarum, Epiphora — s. Na- 
 rium, Coryza — s. Sanguinis e naribus, Epis- 
 taxis — s. Supra partem, sec Stillicidium. 
 
 STILLIN'GIA, S. sylvat'ica, Queen's Root, 
 Queen's delight, Yaw root, Mar'cory, Cochup hat. 
 An indigenous plant, which grows in pine bar- 
 rens, from Virginia to Florida. Sex. Syst. Mo- 
 noecia Monadelphia. Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceaj. 
 The root is said to be used in syphilis, obstinate 
 cutaneous affections, &c., like sarsaparilla. 
 
 STIMATO'SIS, Stijmatosis, Hcpmorrhay"ia 
 Penis, Stymatorrhag"ia, PhaJlorrhaf/'ia, Catdor- 
 rhag"ia, from cTvjia, ' priapism,' itself from (ttvciv, 
 'to erect.' Hemorrhage from the male organ, 
 accompanied or not with priapism. 
 
 STIMMI, Antimonium. 
 
 STIM'ULANT, Stim'vdans, Ex'citans, Rcci'- 
 tant, In'vitans, Incenti'vum, Irri'tans, Inci'taut, 
 Hypersthen'ie, from stivmlare, 'to goad.' A me- 
 dicine which has the power of exciting the orga- 
 nic action of the different systems of the econo- 
 my. Some stimulants are diffusible, — that is, 
 have a prompt but temporary action ; others are 
 permanent or persistent. The action of stimu- 
 lants is called ^Jtimida'tion, Stimvla't-io, Incita'lio. 
 
 The chief stimulants are the following: ^ther 
 Sulphuricus, Ammonia, Asafoetida, Brucia, Cam- 
 phora, Capsicum, Castoreum, Cinnamomum, Co- 
 paiba, Cubeba, Guaiacum, Hydrargyri Prapa- 
 rata, lodinum, Nux Vomica, Olea Essentialisi, 
 Opium (in small dose), Piper, Sinapis, Strychnia, 
 Zingiber, — Alcohol, Caloric, Electricity, Mental 
 Emotions, (the Impetuous.) 
 
 STIM'ULUS, 'a goad.' Incitamen'tum, Irri- 
 ta'men, Irritamen'txim, Poten'tia Irri'tans. Any 
 thing which excites the animal economy. 
 
 STINK POKE,Dracontium foetidum— s.Weed, 
 Chenopodium anthelminticum, Datura stramo- 
 nium, Polanisia graveolens. 
 STIPATIO, Stegnosis. 
 
 Stipatio Trl^; Ckli.ulo's^ Infaxt'um. In- 
 duration of the cellular tissue of children. 
 STIROSIS, Sterilitas. 
 
 STITCH, same root as stieh, ^Lr-j-cician, (G.) 
 s t e c k e n, (F.) Point, (L.) Punctum; (from pvn- 
 gere, jmnctuni, 'to prick or sting.') An acute lan- 
 cinating pain, like that produced by the puncture 
 of a sharp needle. 
 
 Stitch, Common, Suture, common — s. Royal, 
 Suture, common — s. in the Side, Pleurodynia. 
 , STIZOLOBIUM, Dolichos pruriens. 
 
STLEXGIS 
 
 8ir 
 
 STOMATITIS 
 
 STLEXGIS, Stridor dentium. 
 STOB^'A RUBRICAU'LIS. A South Afri- 
 can i^lant, Nat. Orel, compositee. A tincture of 
 Ihe bruised roots is diuretic, and of great service 
 In gravel. 
 
 STOCHEION, Element. 
 
 STOCKING, LACED, (F.) Bas lassL A ban- 
 dage used by surgeons, whicli consists of a stock- 
 ing made of firm cloth or dog-skin, admitting of 
 being tightly laced anteriorly. It is employed in 
 varices and ulcers of the legs. 
 
 STCECHAS ARABICA, Lavendula stoeehas. 
 STOMA, Mouth. 
 
 STOMAC'AOE, Stomatoc'ace, Stomal'gia, La- 
 brifud'cium, Cheiloc'ace, Uloc'ace, Cheilomala'cia, 
 Stomatono'ma, Stomatonecro' sis, from aro^a, ' the 
 mouth,' and xaKos, ' evil :' Cancer Oris, Canker. 
 Foetor of the mouth with a bloody discharge 
 fi'om the gums. (F.) Cancer aquatique ; see 
 Cancer Aquations. Also, Scurvy. 
 
 Stomacace, Porphyra nautica — s. Gangrseno- 
 6um, Cancer aquaticus — s. Universale, Purpura 
 hsemorrhagica. 
 
 STOMACAL, Stomachal. 
 STOMACALGIA, Cardialgia. 
 STOMACH, Stom'achtw, Ventric'ulus, Nedys, 
 Anocce'lia, Garter, (F. ) Estomac, from arojia, 'a 
 mouch.' One of the principal organs of diges- 
 tion. It is a musculo-membranous reservoir; con- 
 tinuous, on the one side, with the oesophagus ; on 
 the other, with the duodenum. It is situate be- 
 neath the diaphragm, between the liver and the 
 spleen ; and occupies the epigastrium and a part 
 of the left hypochondrium. In it the food is 
 converted into chyme. When viewed externally, 
 the stomach has, 1. An anterior face, which looks 
 4 little upwards. 2. An inferior face, directed 
 downwards. 3. An inferior or colic margin, 
 which is conves and extensive, and is called the 
 yreater curvature, (F.) Grand courbnre. It gives 
 origin to the omentum majus. 4. A superior or 
 diapliraymatic margin, which is shorter, con- 
 Gave, and is called the lesser curvature, (F.) Petit 
 eoiirbure. The lesser omentum is attached to 
 this. 5. A left or cesophageal orifice, called, also, 
 the cardia, Os ventric'uU or upper orifice. 6. A 
 right or intestinal, or inferior orifice, called the 
 j>ylorus. 7. A considerable dilatation, situate to 
 the left of the cardia and greater curvature — 
 the great tulierosity of the stomach; and, 8. A 
 less extensive dilatation, situate to the right of 
 the greater curvature, — ihe lesser tuberosity or 
 lesser cul-de-sac, Antrum Pylo'ri. The inner sur- 
 face of the stomach is of a reddish-white colour, 
 and has a marbled appearance. It is constantly 
 covered by thick mucus, and is lined by a mu- 
 cous membrane, which presents numerous wrin- 
 kles. The parietes of the stomach consist of 
 three membranes in superposition. The outer- 
 most is serous, and is an extension of the perito- 
 neum ; the middle coat is muscula.r, — some of 
 its fibres running longitudinally : others, trans- 
 versely, and others obliquely; the innermost mem- 
 brane is of a mucous nature, Crusfa villo'sa ven- 
 tric'uU, Gastro-mycod' eris, but not exactly a con- 
 tinuation of the membrane that lines the oesopha- 
 gus. The mucous and muscular membranes form, 
 at the pylorus, a valve, called the Pyloric valve. 
 These three coats are united by a dense, close, 
 areolar membrane ; and, between the mucous and 
 muscular coats, along the two curvatures especi- 
 ally, is a quantity of muciparous glands, called 
 Glands of Brnnner. The arteries of the stomach 
 are very numerous, and proceed from the coro- 
 naria ventriculi, the pyloric, splenic, and right 
 and left gastro-epiploic. The veins have the 
 same name, and pursue the same course as the 
 arteries. They pour their blood into the trunk 
 52 
 
 of the vena porta. Its lymphatic vessels are 
 very numerous, and pass into ganglia, situate 
 along the two curvatures. The nerves of the 
 stomach proceed from the pneumogastric, and 
 three divisions of the coeliac plexus. 
 
 Stomach Cell, see Favulus — s. Disease, Li- 
 mosis — s. First, Ingluvies. 
 
 Stomach Pump, Gastren'chyta, Antli'a gas'- 
 trica. A useful instrument for conveying fluids 
 to the stomach, when deglutition is impracticable, 
 and for pumping out the contents of that organ. 
 It consists of a forcing syringe, to the bottom 
 and nozzle of which flexible tubes can be at- 
 tached. When the object is to force fluids into 
 the stomach, the stomach-tube must be attached 
 to the nozzle, and passed down the throat, — the 
 tube connected with the bottom of the syringe 
 being placed in the fluid to be injected. To 
 empty the stomach, the stomach-tube must bo 
 attached to the bottom of the instrument. This 
 instrument has been of great service where poi- 
 sons have been taken. The antidote, when any 
 exists, and is at hand, should be administered 
 immediately prior to its use. 
 
 The stomach pump was first employed in 
 America by Dr. Physick, in the year 1812. 
 
 Stomach, Second, Proventriculus — s. Sick, 
 Milk sickness — s. Third, Ventriculus callosus — 
 s. Tube, see Tube, oesophageal. 
 
 STOM'ACHAL, Stomach'ic, Stomach' ical, Car- 
 di'acus. Stomach' icus, Stomacha'lis, Viscera'lis, 
 (F.) Stomacal, Stomachique. That which belongs 
 to the stomach; that which is good for the sto- 
 mach ; which strengthens the stomach, A me- 
 dicine that gives tone to the stomach. 
 
 STOMACHALGIA, Cardialgia, 
 
 STOMACHI RESOLUTIO, Dyspepsia. 
 
 STOMACHIC, Stomachal. 
 
 STOMACHICAL, Stomachal. 
 
 STOMACHIQUE Stomachal. 
 
 STOM'ACHUS, from cToyia, 'mouth.' This 
 word has been used in several different accepta- 
 tions ; for example, for the oesophagus, for the 
 cardiac orifice of the stomach, (see Cardia,) and 
 for the stomach itself. Hippocrates calls the neck 
 of the bladder aronaxos Kvartois; and the neck of 
 the uterus ri?? jjtTjTpai crona^o;. 
 
 STOMAL'GIA, Stomatal'gia, Stomatodyn'ia, 
 from nTOfia, 'mouth,' and oKyoi, 'pain.' Pain in 
 the mouth ; Stomac'ace. 
 
 STOMAPYRA, Aphthae — s. Aphtha, Aphthae. 
 
 STOMATALGIA, Stomalgia. 
 
 STOMAT'IC, Stomat^icus, from crojia, 'mouth.' 
 A medicine used in diseases, <Sbc., of the mouth. 
 Dentifrices, masticatories, &c., are stomatics. 
 
 STOMATITE APHTHEUSE, Stomatitis, 
 aphthous — s. Charbonneuse, Cancer aquaticus — 
 8. Couenneuse, Stomatitis, pseudo-membranous — 
 8. Cremeuse pultacee, AphthcB — s. Eolliculeiiec, 
 Stomatitis, aphthous — s. Gangreneitse, Cancer 
 aquaticus — s. Mercurielle, see Salivation, mercu- 
 rial — s. Ulcereuse, Stomatitis, aphthous. 
 
 STOMATI'TIS, from cTOfxa, 'the mouth,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. (F.) Inflammation 
 de la Bouche ; Inflammation of the mouth. 
 
 Stomatitis, Aphthous, iS*. follic'ular, S. nl'- 
 cerous, Empihly'sis Aphtha, A. Adulto'rum, (F.) 
 Sfomatite, S. aphthevse, S. folliculeuse, S. ul- 
 cereuse. An inflammation of the follicles of the 
 mouth, constituting the aphtha} of the adult, 
 which is generally accompanied by cephalic, gas- 
 tric, and general disturbance. It may be either 
 deserete or confluent, and requires general and 
 local treatment, adapted to the case. 
 
 Stomatitis, Erythem'atous. Simple inflam- 
 mation of the mouth. 
 
STOMATITIS 
 
 818 
 
 STRANGALIDES 
 
 Stomatitis, Exsudativa, Aphthje — s. Follicu- 
 lar, S. aphthous — s. Gangrenous, Cancer aqua- 
 ticus. 
 
 Stomatitis, Mercu'rial, Hydrargyrostom' - 
 atis, Hydrargyrostomuti'tia, Stomati'tia mercuria' - 
 lis. Inflammation of the mouth induced by mer- 
 cury. 
 
 Stomatitis of Nursing-women appears to be 
 a variety of S. aphthous. 
 
 Stomatitis, Pseudomem'branous, (F.) Stoma- 
 tite couenneitie, Diphtherite huccale, Pseudo- 
 membranous inflammation of the mouth ; — in its 
 worst form, Stomatyphus, (F.) Feyarite. Inflam- 
 mation of the mouth accompanied by the exuda- 
 tion of a false membrane, — a disease which is 
 rarely seen except in large foundling establish- 
 ments. 
 
 Stomatitis, Ulcerous, S. aphthous — s. Ve- 
 siculosa infantum, Aphthse. 
 
 STOMATOCACE, Stomacace. 
 
 STOMATODYNIA, Stomalgia. 
 
 S TO M A T 0-GAS'T RIG, Sto'mato-gas'tricus, 
 from (jTOfia, ' the mouth,' and yaarnp, the stomach.' 
 Appertaining to the mouth and stomach, — as the 
 stomato-gastric ganglia of the lower animals. 
 
 STOMATOMALACIA PUTRIDA, Cancer 
 aquations. 
 
 STOMATONECROSIS, Cancer aquations, Sto- 
 macace. 
 
 STOMATONOMA, Stomacace. 
 
 STOMATOPA'NUS, from oro^a, ' the mouth,' 
 and iravos, 'a glandular tumour.' Stomatopihy' ma 
 glandulosum, Panus Fau'cixim. Tumefaction of 
 the glands of the mouth. 
 
 STOMATOPHY'MA, from irro^a, 'the mouth,' 
 and fvjia, ' a swelling.' A swelling in the mouth. 
 
 Stomatophyma Glandulosum, Stomatopanus. 
 
 STOMATOPLAS'TIC, Stomatojylas'ticus; from 
 aTona, ' the mouth,' and xAao-o-u, ' I form. The 
 operation of forming a mouth, where the aperture 
 has been contracted from any cause. 
 
 STOMATORRHAG"IA, Stomaforrhoe'a, Ha- 
 morrhag"ia oris, H. fau'cinm, San'guinis proflii'- 
 vium ex Ore, HcemorrhoV dea Oris, Stomato'sis, 
 Stomorrhag" ia, (F.) Hemorrhagie huccale, from 
 oTojia, ' the mouth,' and priyvv^i, ' I break out.' 
 Hemorrhage from the mouth. 
 
 Stomatorrhagia Alveolorum, Phatnorrha- 
 gia — s. Gingivarum, Ulorrhagia. 
 
 STOMATORRHCEA, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 STOMATOSGOPE, from arojia, ' mouth,' and 
 (j-<oT£u, 'I view.' Any instrument for keeping 
 the mouth open, so as to permit the parts within 
 to be inspected ; Speculum oris. 
 
 STOMATOSEPSIS, Cancer aquaticus. ' 
 
 STOMATOSIS, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 STOMATOSPASMUS, Trismus. 
 
 STOMATYPHUS, Stomatitis, pseudomembra- 
 nous. 
 
 STOMOMANICON, Platysma myoides. 
 
 STOMORRHAGIA, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 STONE IN THE BLADDER, Calculi, vesical 
 • — s. Binder, OsteocoUa — s. Crop, Sedum — s. 
 Crop, biting, Sedum — s. Mint, Cunila mariana 
 — s. Pock, Acne — s. Root, Collinsonia Cana- 
 densis. 
 
 STONES, THE, Testes. 
 
 STOOL, Dejectio. 
 
 Stool, "Calomel, see Calomel. 
 
 STORAX, Styrax — s. Liquida, Liquidambar 
 Btyraciflua. 
 
 STOREY'S WORM CAKES. An empirical 
 preparation, formed o{ calomel "^hjalaj). Jj, zin- 
 yib. ^iji sacch. ^j, cinnah. antlm. q. s. to colour 
 ttiera ; syrup, aimpl. q. s. to make into cakes. 
 
 STORKBILL, Geranium maeulatum. 
 
 STOVE, Old French Estuve, Stupha; a 
 
 Steio, JEatiia'rium, (F.) Etiive. A limited space, 
 warmed artificially, and in which the air is slowly 
 renewed. It is used for drying various substances, 
 as plants, extracts, conserves, &c., or for taking 
 vapour baths. In this case, the stew or stove is 
 said to be icet or humid ; in the opposite case, it 
 is'said to be dry, (P.) seche. The latter, which is 
 used by the Turks, is the Lacon'icum or Calida'~ 
 rium of the Ptomans. The former is their Tepi- 
 da'rium or Vapora'rium. These kinds of baths 
 greatly excite the cutaneous transpiration; and 
 are valuable agents in rheumatic and other afi'ec- 
 tions. 
 
 STRABI, see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABILISMOS, Strabismus. 
 
 STRABIS'MUS, Strabilis'mos, Paroj^'sia Stra- 
 bismus, from crpa^os, 'twisted,' 'one who squints;' 
 Strabos'itas, Loxophthal' mva, Diator'aio, Lus'citas, 
 Illo'sis, Ilo'sis, Helo'sis, Squinting, Goggle Eye, 
 (F.) Strahisme, V»e louche, Louehement. Want 
 of concordance of the optic axes. It may be 
 dependent upon natural or acquired inequality in 
 the action of the motor muscles of the eye ; on 
 a convulsive state of one of those muscles ; a 
 difference in the sensibility of the two eyes; or a 
 cerebral affection. In the treatment, if the dis- 
 ease seem to depend upon an excess of strength 
 in one of the motor muscles, we must endeavour 
 to give tone to that which is too weak, by placing 
 before the eye a mask having a small aperture 
 on the side to which it is necessary to direct the 
 pupil ; or by wearing glasses, provided with a 
 piece of looking-glass, on the side to which the 
 eye is vitiously turned; so that the reflection 
 may be inconvenient, and occasion the organ to 
 be turned in an opposite direction ; or by putting 
 a black patch on the angle opposite to that to 
 which the eye is turned. If owing to weakness, 
 the organ must be strengthened by being ex- 
 erted alone, and by leaving the other at rest. 
 If the disease be symptomatic of cerebral attei-- 
 tion, attention must, of course, be directed to the 
 latter. 
 
 Strabismus may be single or affect one eye only , 
 or double, and it may be convergent or divergent. 
 
 Those affected with Strabismus are called 
 Strabi, Strabo'nes, Strabo'ni, Strebli, Illi,Squint'- 
 ers, Squint-eyed ; in French, Louches, Bigles. 
 
 Strabismus, Convergent, see Strabismus — 
 s. Divergent, see Strabismus — s. Double, see 
 Strabismus — s. Single, see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABONES, see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABONI, see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABOSITAS, Strabismus. 
 
 STRABOT'OMY, Strabotom'ia, from arpafioi, 
 'one who squints,' and ropr;, 'incision.' The 
 operation for the removal of squinting by the 
 division of the muscle or muscles that distort the 
 eye-ball. 
 
 STRAIN, Sprain. 
 
 Strain, colare, (F.) conler, from crpayyciv, 
 stringere, (F.) estreindre, 'to constrict or squeeze.' 
 To pass decoctions, infusions, <S;c., forcibly through 
 linen ; also, to exert an effort. This is accom- 
 plished by fixing firmly the parts where the mus- 
 cles to be exerted originate, in order that their 
 full power may be developed. 
 
 STRAINING, Nisus. 
 
 STRAITS OF THE PELVIS, see Pelvis. 
 
 STIiAJfOLVE, Datura stramonium. 
 
 STRAMONIA. Datura stramonium. 
 
 STRAMONIUM, Datura stramonium— s. Foe- 
 tidum, Datura stramonium — s. Majus album, Da- 
 tura stramonium —s. Spinosum, Datura stramo- 
 nium — p. Vul2:atum, Datura stramonium. 
 
 STRANG.\L'IDES, from (TTpayyvcu), 'I tor- 
 ment.' Small, hard tumours, which form in the 
 breast, when the milk does not find issue. 
 
STRANGALION 
 
 819 
 
 STROPHULE 
 
 STRANGALION, Tubercle. 
 
 STRANGALIS, Tubercle. 
 
 STRANGALISMUS, Strangulation. 
 
 STRANGERS' FEVER, see Fever, strangers'. 
 
 STR A.NGULATIO, Orthopncea, Strangulation 
 — s. Uvsrina, Angone. 
 
 STRANGULA'TION, Strangula'tio, Pnix, 
 Pnig'mos, Strangalis'mus, ( F. ) Etranglement, 
 Strangulation. State of a part too closely con- 
 stricted. Thus we say that there is strangulation 
 of an intestinal hernia, when the opening that 
 gives passage to the portion of protruded intes- 
 tine contracts, so as to intercept the continuity 
 of the digestive canal. In Legal Medicine, it 
 means the forcible obstruction of the air pas- 
 sages, by a ligature or by the hand, for criminal 
 purposes. See Suffocation. 
 
 STRANGULATOR, see Lycoides. 
 
 STRANGURIA, Enuresis— s. Cruenta, Cystor- 
 rhagia. 
 
 STRANGURIE, Strangury — s. Menstrtielle, 
 Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 STRANGU'RIOUS; same etymon as the next. 
 Affected with, or of the nature of, strangury. 
 
 STRAN'GURY, Strangu'ria, Paru'ria 'stilla- 
 ti'tia, from arpayytiv, ' to squeeze,' and ovpov, 
 'urine:' Dysu'ria, Uri'ncB Stillicid'ium vel Sub- 
 stil'luni, (F.) Strangurie. Extreme difficulty in 
 evacuating the urine, which issues only drop by 
 drop, and is accompanied with heat, pain, tenes- 
 mus at the neck of the bladder, &e. See Ischuria, 
 and Retention. 
 
 STRATHPEPFER, MINERAL "WATERS 
 OF. A sulphuretted water, at Strathpeffer, a few 
 iuiles west from Dingwall, in Ross-shire, Scot- 
 land. It contains sulphate of soda, sulphate of 
 lime, chloride of sodium, sulphate of magnesia, 
 and sulpho-hydric acid. 
 
 STRATIOTES, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 STRATUM BACILLATUM, see Tunica Ja- 
 cobi — s. Malpighii, Corpus mucosum — s. Pig- 
 raenti, see Choroid — s. Proligerum, Proligerous 
 disc. 
 
 STRAWBERRY, Fragaria*— s. Bush, Euony- 
 mus Americanus — s. Shrubby, Rubus arcticus — 
 s. Tree, Euonymus Americanus — s.Wild, Fragaria 
 Virginiana. 
 
 STREAK, PRIMITIVE, Groove, primitive. 
 
 STREATHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Streatham is a village near London. The waters 
 are saline and cathartic. 
 
 STREBLI, see Strabismus. 
 
 STREBLOSIS, Luxation. 
 
 STREMMA, Luxation, Sprain. 
 
 STREPITO'SUS MORBUS. 'Noisy disease.' 
 A kind of flatulent disease, said by Sorbait to be 
 not uncommon in the Austrian Alps, in which 
 emphysematous tumours form on different parts 
 of the body, — accompanied by sonorous excre- 
 tion of gas by the mouth and anus. 
 
 STREPITUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 STRETCHING, Pandiculation. 
 
 STRI^, Vibices — s. Ciliares, Ciliary processes 
 — s. Cornese, Tenia semicircularis — s. Longitudi- 
 nales Lancisii, see Corpus callosum — s. Medul- 
 lares, see Processus teretes — s. Retinas subjects 
 ligamento ciliari. Halo signatus — s. Semilunares, 
 Tajnia semicircularis — s. Terminales, Tasnia semi- 
 circularis — s. Transversas Willisii, see Corpus cal- 
 losum. 
 
 STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Mus- 
 cular fibre. 
 
 STRIATUS, Gannele, Grooved, see Corpora 
 striata. 
 
 STRIBILIGO, Efflorescence. 
 
 STRICTURA, Stricture — s. Ani, Stricture of 
 the rectum -^s. Intestini recti. Stricture of the 
 rectum — s. Intestini recti spasmodica. Stricture 
 of the rectum, spasmodic — s. (Esophagi callosa. 
 
 Dysphagia constricta — s. (Esophagi spasmodic.i, 
 CEsophagismus — s. Pharyngis seu oesophagi vera, 
 Dysphagia constricta — s. Prseputii, Phimosis — 
 s. Urethrse, Urethrostenosis — s. Ventriculi, Stric- . 
 ture of the stomach. 
 
 STRICTURE, Strietu'ra, from stringere, stria- 
 tum, *to tie hard.' Coarcta'tio, Stegno'sis, (F.) 
 Retrecissement. A diminution or contracted con- 
 dition of some tube or duct, as the oesophagus, 
 rectum, urethra, &c. This must be dilated by 
 appropriate bougies. Strictures maj', also, occur 
 in the intestines : they are unmanageable, with 
 the exception of those of the rectum, which admit 
 of topical applications. 
 
 Stricture op the ffisoPHAGUS, Dysphagia 
 constricta — s. of the Pharynx, D3'sphagia con- 
 stricta. 
 
 Stricture of the RECTUir, Spasmod'ic, Strie- 
 tu'ra Intesti'ni Recti spasmod'ica, Ohstruc'tio Recti, 
 spas'tica. An affection occurring in the nervous 
 especially, which subsides spontaneously, after a 
 longer or shorter continuance. 
 
 Stricture of the rectum, Strietu'ra Ani seu In- 
 testi'ni Recti, Archosiegno'ma, Rectosteno'sis, Eu- 
 tliyenterosteno'ma, Archostegno'sis, Arcliosteno' sis, 
 Proctoencli'sis, Angusta'tio et Restric'tio intestini 
 recti vel ayii, Stenocho' ria intesti'ni recti, Procto- 
 steno'sis organ'ica, occurs also organically, and is 
 a very serious affection ; being generally depend- 
 ent upon scirrhus. 
 
 Stricture op the STOSfACH, Gctstrosteno'sis, 
 Coarcta'tio seu Strietu'ra ventric'uli. See Gas- 
 trostenosis eardiaca, <fec. 
 
 Stricture op the Urethra, Urethrostenosii/ 
 — s. of the Urinary bladder, Cystostenochoria — 
 s. Vesicas urinarise, Cystostenochoria. 
 
 STRIDOR DENTIUM, Brygmus. 
 
 STRIGA CARTILAGINOSA CORDIS, Isth- 
 mus of the fossa ovalis. 
 
 STRIGIL, Strig'ilis, Stlen'gis, Stelen'gis. A 
 flesh-brush. Also, an instrument, anciently used 
 in the baths, for scraping off the sweat. 
 
 STRIPED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Muscu- 
 lar fibre. 
 
 STROBILITI'TES, from cTpo&i.\o;, stro'hilus, 
 'a cone of the pine.' Wine impregnated with 
 the cones of the pine. 
 
 STROEMIA, Cadaba. 
 
 STROKE, APOPLECTIC. An apopleetio 
 seizure. 
 
 Stroke, Back, op the Heart, Impulse, dia- 
 stolic. 
 
 Stroke, Paralyt'ic. A sudden attack of en- 
 cephalo-spinal paralysis. 
 
 STROMA, Strag'ulum, Stramen' turn ; from 
 argiavvviji, cTpuivvvfjn, 'to spread out; to cover.* 
 The bed or foundation-texture of an organ, — as 
 the stroma of the ovary. Applied, also, to the 
 bed or base of any deposit — as the 'amorphous 
 stroma' of scrofulous deposits. 
 
 STROMBULCUS, Forceps (bullet.) 
 
 STRONGLE, Strongylus— s. Geant, Strongylus 
 
 STRON'GYLUS, from (7rpoyy«Xof, 'round.' 
 Hippocrates, Chabert, and others, mean the As'- 
 caris lumhricoV des by this term. The Strongylus 
 Gigas, (F.) Strongle, S. giant, is, however, dis- 
 tinct. It has an obtuse, flat head ; mouth sur- 
 rounded with six flattish papillse: the whole bursa 
 of the male truncated : the tail of the fernale 
 rounded. It is sometimes met with, — five inches, 
 a foot, a foot and a half, and even three feet long, 
 — and from two lines to half an inch in diameter. 
 It is occasionally found in the human kidney j 
 rarely in other viscera, and still more rarely in 
 the intestinal tube. 
 
 Strongylus, Teres. 
 
 STROPHOS, Tormina. 
 
 STROPHULE, Strophulous. 
 
STROPHULUS 
 
 820 
 
 STRTCHNOS 
 
 STROPH'ULUS, Licheni'asis stroph'ulus, 
 EhullWio, Exanthe'ma strophulus, Exor' mia 
 strophulus, Red Gum, Red Gown, Tooth Rush, 
 White Gum, Milk-spots, (F.) Strophule, Feux de 
 dents. It consists of an eruption of red, or some- 
 times whitish pimples; occurring in early infancy, 
 chiefly about the face, neck, and arms, surrounded 
 by a reddish halo ; or interrupted by irregular 
 patches of cutaneous blush. All the varieties 
 under this genus arise in consequence of the ex- 
 treme vascularity and irritability of the skin at 
 this period of life, when the constitution is liable 
 to be disturbed by irritation, either in the ali- 
 mentary canal, gums or other parts. None of 
 these eruptions are of any importance, and no 
 medical treatment is usually necessary. If the 
 stomach seem at all disordered, a little rhubarb 
 and magnesia may be administered occasionally. 
 Willan and Bateman reckon five species, — Stro- 
 phulus intertinc'tus, Red guvi or goion; S. al'hidus 
 or lohite gum; S. confer' tus or rank red gum, 
 Tooth rash; S. volat'icus or Erythe'ma volat'icum, 
 and S. can'didus. 
 
 Strophulus Syltestris, Ignis sylvaticus — s. 
 Volaticus, Ignis sylvaticus. 
 STROPHUS, Tormina. 
 STRUCTIO, Structura. 
 
 STRUC'TUPviLj same etymon as the next. 
 Of, or belonging to, structure. 
 
 STRUCTURE, Structu'ra, Struc'tio, Confor- 
 ma'tio, Cataseeu'e, from struere, structum, 'to 
 build.' The arrangement of the different tissues 
 or organic elements of which animals and vege- 
 tables are composed. 
 
 STRUMA, Bronchocele, Scrofula. 
 Struma Adipo'sa, Ohes'itas colli. Fatty neck. 
 Prominence of the neck from obesity. 
 STRVMES, Scrofula. 
 STRVMEUX, Scrofulous. 
 STRUMOSIS CEREBRI, Encephalophymata 
 — s. Pulmonum, Tubercles of the lungs. 
 STRUMOSUS, Scrofulous. 
 STRUMOUS, Scrofulous. 
 STRUT HIOPH'AGUS, from argovSiiov, 'a 
 young ostrich,, and ipaya, ' I eat.' Struthiopha- 
 gous tribes still exist in some parts of Africa. 
 STRUTHIUM, Saponaria. 
 STRUVB'S LOTION FOR HOOPING- 
 COUGH, see Lotion, Struve's, for hooping-cough. 
 STRYCHNIA, Strychni'na, Strych'nine,Slrych- 
 iii'num, Strych'nium, Vauqueline. An alkaline 
 principle : solid, crystalline, inodorous, bitter, and 
 excessively poisonous, which has been discovered 
 in the Strychnos mix vomica. {Nucis vomiccB. 
 rasur. Ibiv; calcis pulv. ^^J! <'-'^'>^d- muriat. f5iijj 
 alcohol., acid, sulphuric, dil., liquor. ammonicB, 
 carhon. animal, purif., aquas, aa q. s. Digest the 
 nux vomica in two gallons of water, acidulated 
 with a fluidounce of muriatic acid, for 24 hours : 
 then boil for two hours, and strain with expres- 
 sion through a strong linen bag. Boil the resi- 
 duum twice successively in the same quantity of 
 acidulated water, each time straining as before. 
 Mix the decoctions, and evaporate to the consist- 
 ency of thin syrup; then add the lime previously 
 mixed with a pint of water, and boil for ten mi- 
 nutes, frequently stirring. Pour the mixture into 
 u, double linen bag, and having washed the pre- 
 cipitate well with water, press, dry, and powder 
 it Treat the powder repeatedly with boiling 
 uicohol, until deprived of its bitterness ; mix the 
 liquors, and distil off the alcohol by means of a 
 water-bath. Mix the residue with water, and 
 having applied heat, drop in sufficient diluted sul- 
 phuric acid to neutralize and dissolve the strych- 
 nia; then add purified animal charcoal ; boil for 
 a. few minutes, filtei, evaporate, and crystallize. 
 Dissolve the crystals in water, and add sufificient 
 
 solution of ammonia to precipitate the strychnia. 
 Lastly, dry the precipitate on bibulous paper. 
 Ph. U. S.) The medical action of strychnia on 
 man and animals is exactly like that of the alco- 
 holic extract of nux vomica. It is, however, 
 more active. An eighth of a grain is sufficient to 
 kill a large dog; and a quarter of a grain pro- 
 duces marked effects on the human body, wbei? 
 in health. It has been given in paralysis and 
 other cases like the nux vomica. Dose, one 
 twelfth to one eighth of a grain. 
 
 Strychnia, Acetate of, Stryehnise acetas — 
 s. Hydriodate of, Strychnite hydriodas — s. lodate 
 of. Strychnia^ iodas — s. Iodide of, Stryehnise hy. 
 driodas. 
 
 Strych'nia, I'odide of Iodhydrate of, (F.) 
 lodure d'lodhydrate de Strychnine, is made hj' a 
 solution of ioduretted iodide of potassium into a 
 solution of a salt of strychnia ; treating the pre- 
 cipitate with boiling alcohol, and crystallizing. 
 Used in the same cases as strychnia. Dose, a 
 sixth of a grain. 
 
 Strychnia, Nitrate of, Strychnife nitras — s. 
 Sulphate of, Stryehnise sulphas. 
 
 Strychnia and Zinc, Double Iodide of, 
 double Iodide of Zinc and Strychnia. 
 
 STRYCH'NIA ACE'TAS, Strych'nium sen 
 Strychni'num ace'ticum, Ace'tas strych'nii seu 
 strych'nicus, Ac"etate of Strychnia or Strychnine 
 This salt is formed by the direct combination of 
 strychnia with acetic acid. It is given in the 
 same cases as pure strychnia. 
 
 Strych'nia Hydri'odas, S. iodhy'dras, 
 Strych'nium hydroiod'icum, Hydri'odas seu lod 
 hy'dras strych'nicus, Hydri'odate or Iodide oj 
 Strychnia, is prepared by mixing a solution of 
 iodide of potassium with a concentrated solution 
 of acetate of strychnia. 
 
 Strych'nia I'odas, Strychni'nml'odas, Strych- 
 ni'na loda'ta, Strych'nium seu Strychni'num lod'- 
 icum, I'odas Strych'nii seu Strych'nicus, I'odaie 
 of Strych'nia or Strychnine. This salt may be 
 formed by adding a concentrated solution of 
 iodic acid to strychnia ; treating with boiling 
 alcohol; filtering, and leaving it to spontaneous 
 evaporation. 
 
 Strychnia Nitras, Strych'nium ni'tricum, Ni- 
 trate of Strychnia or Strychnine. Used in th« 
 same cases as strychnia. 
 
 Strych'nia Sulphas, Strych'nium sid^ohti'ri- 
 cum. Sulphate of Strychnia or Strychnine. Has 
 the same properties. 
 
 STRYCHNINA, Strychnia. 
 STRYCHNINE, Strychnia. 
 STRYCHNINUM, Strychnia. 
 STRYCHNIUM, Strychnia — s. Aceticum, 
 Stryehnise acetas — s. Nitricum, Strychniae nitras 
 — s. Sulphuricum, Stryehnise sulphas. 
 
 STRYCHNOS, Solanum dulcamara — s. Guia- 
 nensis, see Curare — s. Ignatii, Ignatia amara. 
 
 Strychnos Nux Vom'ica, N'ux Vomica, Ni:x 
 lletel'la, Caniram, Koochla tree. Family, Strj'cb- 
 noidese. i^ea;. /S'2/*^ Pentandria Monogynia. (F.^ 
 Vomiquier. A tree of the family Strychno'iden, 
 which grows in India, and the seeds of which 
 have been long sold in the shops, under the 
 names, Nux Vomica, Vomic nut. Poison nut, 
 Bachelors' buttons, &e., (F.) Noix vomique. For 
 a long time, these seeds were used only for poi- 
 soning rats; but of late years, an alcoholic ex- 
 tract has been prepared from them, which bos 
 been administered in paral.ytic affections, in small 
 doses. Dose of the Alcoholic Extract, Extrac'tvnx 
 nucis vom'icm sjniituo'snm, E. nucis vomiccB resi- 
 no'sum, E. n. v. ahohol'icum, (F.) Extrait alco- 
 holique de noix vomique, one or two grains. It 
 produces a kind of tetanic convulsion in the pa- 
 ralyzed parts, when given to the requisite extent. 
 It has, also, been administered in chronic diar- 
 
STRYPHNA 
 
 821 
 
 STYLO-MASTOID 
 
 rliosa and dysentery. The following is the for- 
 mula for the preparation of the Extrac'tum Nu- 
 cis Vom'ic^ of the Pharm. U. S. Take of Nux 
 vordica, R)j ; Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Ex- 
 pose the Nux Vomica to steam till it is softened ; 
 then, having sliced and dried it, grind it into 
 powder. Introduce it into an apparatus for dis- 
 placement, and pour alcohol upon it graduallj', 
 until the liquid passes without bitterness. Distil 
 oflf the greater part of the alcohol from the filtered 
 liquor, and evaporate the residue to the proper 
 consistence. 
 
 The bark is \he false angustura or false cuspa- 
 ria hark; Bohun. 
 
 The wood of Strychnoa cohtbri'na, an Indian 
 tree, contains strychnia. It was formerly consi- 
 dered a specific against the bites of venomous 
 animals; and was recommended by Boerhaave 
 in intermittents. It is the Lignum Colubri'num, 
 (F.) Bois de Couleuvre. 
 Strychnos Toxicaria, see Curare. 
 STRYPHNA, Astringents. 
 STRYPHNOS, Acerb. 
 STUDIOSUS MEDICIISr^, Philiatros. 
 STUDIUM INANE, Aphelxia otiosa. 
 STUDY, BROWN, Aphelxia otiosa. 
 STUFFING, Cynanche trachealis. 
 STULTITIA, Fatuitas. 
 
 STUMP, (G.) Stumpf, (D.) Stomp, 'a 
 atump ;' also, ' blunt.' (F.) Iloignon. The part 
 remaining from which a limb or other part has 
 been amputated or removed in any manner. 
 
 STUNNED. Old French, Estonne, (L.) atto- 
 nitm, 'astonished.' (F.) JEtonne. An epithet, 
 applied to one who, in consequence of a fall or 
 other accident, has received such a concussion 
 of the brain as to deprive him, for a time, of his 
 mental manifestations. 
 
 STUPA, Stupha, Stuppa, Stupei'on. Tow, used 
 In certain surgical apparatuses and dressings. 
 Also, a Stiqie, that is, cloth or tow used in fo- 
 mentations. A flannel or other article wrung out 
 of hot water, plain or medicated, applied to a 
 part, is a stupe. The act of applying such stupe 
 is called stuping. 
 STUPE, Stupa. 
 
 STUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics. 
 STUPEFACTIFS, Narcotics. 
 STUPEFACTIO, Narcosis. 
 STUPEFIANTS, Narcotics. 
 STUPEION, Stupa. 
 STUPEUB. Stupor. 
 STUPHA, Stove, Stupa, 
 STUPIA, Tin. 
 
 STUPIDITAS, Idiotism, Imbecility. 
 STUPING, see Stupe. 
 
 STUPOR, Eeplex'is, Ecplex'ia, Consterna'tio, 
 (F.) Stupeur, from stupere, 'to be stupified.' 
 Diminished activity of the intellectual faculties ; 
 often amounting to lethargy. It occurs in many 
 affections, especially in the neuroses. 
 
 Stupor, Narcosis — s. Artuum, Obdormitio — s. 
 Dentium, Hsemodia — s. Formicans, Formication 
 — s. Mentis, Fatuitas — s. Vigilans, Catalepsy. 
 STUPPA, Stupa. 
 STUPRATION, Stuprum. 
 
 STUPRUM, Bape, Stupra'tion, (¥.) Deflora- 
 tion, Viol. Forcible and illicit enjoyment of a 
 married or unmarried female. When committed 
 upon the latter, which is most commonly the 
 case, it is also called, Deflora'tion, Deflora'tio, 
 Devirgina'tio, Vitia'tio, Ap>ant}iis'mus, &c. In 
 judging whether rape has been committed under 
 such circumstances, the state of the genital or- 
 gans ; the age of the individual ; and the possibi- 
 lity of accidents and diseases of the parts, will 
 bave to be considered. It will be necessary, also, 
 
 to be acquainted with the evidences of virginity ; 
 and to determine, — if signs of virginity no longer 
 exist, — whether its loss be attributable to copu- 
 lation, or to the introduction into the vagina of 
 any other body than the male organ, <i;c. Becent 
 defloioering can, of course, be much more readily 
 distinguished than that which has taken place 
 some time. 
 
 STUTTERING, Balbuties. 
 STYAN, Hordeolum. 
 STYE, Hordeolum. 
 
 STYMATES. M. J. Cloquet has proposed 
 this word, or Stigmates, from ariyna, 'a mark,' 
 to designate the marks, in form of cicatrices, 
 which remain on the peritoneum after the oblite- 
 ration of the neck of the hernial sac. They are, 
 commonly, radiated folds, of a whitish appear- 
 ance, more or less thick, and of a fibrous or fibro- 
 cartilaginous nature. 
 STYLET, Speeillum. 
 STYLI, Styloid processes. 
 STYLIFORM, Styloid. 
 
 STYLO - CERATOIDES, Stylo-hyoideus — s. 
 Cerato-hyoideus, Stylo-hyoideus. 
 
 STYLO-CHONDRO-HYOiDEUS. A name 
 given, by Douglas and Albinus, to a fleshy fasci- 
 culus which the stylo-hyoid muscle sometimes 
 presents, and which is attached to the lesser 
 cornu of the os hyoides. It is the same fascicu- 
 lus which Santorini calls Stijlo-hyoV des novus, 
 Stylo-hyoideus alter. 
 
 STYLO-GLOSSUS. A muscle situate at the 
 anterior and superior part of the neck. It is nar- 
 row behind, much broader before; is attached 
 to the styloid process of the temporal bone, and 
 to the stylo-maxillary ligament; and is inserted 
 into the side of the tongue. It raises the base of 
 the tongue and carries it backwards. 
 
 STYLO-HYOIDEUS, Stylo-hyoidien, Stylo- 
 cer'afo-hyoideus, Stylo-ceratoVdes, Stylo-hyoides 
 major. A muscle, situate at the superior, ante- 
 rior, and lateral part of the neck. It is thin and 
 narrow, — especially posteriorly: anteriorly, it 
 opens to give passage to the tendon of the digas- 
 tricus. It is attached to the styloid process of 
 the temporal bone, and to the body of the os 
 hyoides. It raises the os hyoides, and carries it 
 backwards. 
 
 Stylo-hyoid Ligament is a fibrous, flattened 
 cord, which passes from the styloid process to the 
 lesser cornu of the os hyoides. 
 
 Stylo-hyoid Nerve is the second branch 
 given off by the facial nerve. 
 
 STYLOID, Sty'liform, StyloVdes, GrapMoV- 
 des, Crrapho'i'des, Graphio'des, Graphidoi'des, 
 Belono'des, from rruXof, 'a style,' 'a peg,' 'a pin,' 
 and siiog, ' shape.' Shaped like a peg or pin. 
 Styloid Cornua, see Hyoides os. 
 Styloid Proc"esses, Pencil-like Processes, 
 Proces'sus Beloides seu Belemno'ides seu BelonoV- 
 des seu Graphioides seu Grapho'i' des, Styli, are, 
 1. A long and slender process of the temporal 
 bone, to which are attached the stylo-glossus, 
 stylo-pharyngeus, and stylo-hyoideus muscles, 
 and the stylo-hyoid and stylo-maxillary liga- 
 ments. 2. Two slender and pyramidal processes 
 at the inferior extremities of the radius and ulna. 
 STYLO-MASTOID, Stylo -mastoidex^. That 
 which relates to the styloid and mastoid j.ro- 
 cesses. 
 
 Stylo-mastoid Artery arises from the poste- 
 rior auricular, and, in some subjects, from the 
 occipital. It enters the stylo-mastoid foramen ^ 
 passes along the aqueduct of Fallopius, and 
 spreads its ramifications on the mucous mem- 
 brane of the tympanum, and in the mastoid cells, 
 and semi-circular canals; and terminates bv anae- 
 
STTLO-MAXILLART 
 
 822 
 
 SUBCLAVIAN 
 
 tomosing ■with a branch of the Arteria meningcBa 
 media, which enters by the Hiatus Fallopii. 
 Murray has given the name — Stylo-maatoid — to 
 the posterior auricular artery itself. 
 
 Stylo-mastoid Fora'men, Foramen Stylo-vias- 
 toideum or I\ Aqumduc'tus Fallo'pii, (F.) Trou 
 anonyme, is situate at the inferior surface of the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone, between 
 the styloid and mastoid processes. It terminates 
 the aqueduct of Fallopius, and gives passage to 
 the facial nerve. 
 
 STYLO- MAX'IL LARY, Stylo-maxilla'ris. 
 That which relates to the styloid processes and 
 jaw. 
 
 The Stylo-Maxillart Ligament is a liga- 
 mentous, flat cord, extending between the styloid 
 process and the angle of the jaw. 
 
 STYLO -PHARYNGEUS, (F.) Stylo -thyro- 
 pharyngien. A muscle, situate at the anterior 
 and lateral part of the neck. It is slender ; thin 
 above; attached to the styloid process of the 
 temporal bone, and terminates in the parietes of 
 the pharynx, as well as at the posterior margin 
 of the thyroid cartilage. It raises the pharynx 
 and carries it backwards. Professor Chaussier 
 has united, under the name Stylo-pharyngien, 
 the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx, the 
 stylo-pharyngeus, and palato-pharyngeus. 
 
 STYLOPH'ORUM DIPHYL'LUM, Meconop'- 
 eis diphyl'la, Cel'andine Poppy, Horn Poppy, 
 Bruise root. An indigenous plant, of the family 
 Papaveraceae, growing from western Pennsylva 
 nia to "Wisconsin, which flowers from May to Au- 
 gust. The juice is fetid and narcotic. Infused 
 in wine, it has been given internally in gravel ; 
 and has been applied externally to contusions, &o. 
 
 STYLO-THYRO-PHARYNGIEN, Stylo- 
 pharyngeus. 
 
 STYLUS, Sound. 
 
 Stylus Excava'tus, Specil'lum excava'tum. 
 A hollow sound. 
 
 STYMA, Erection, Priapismus. 
 
 STYMATOSIS, Stimatosis. 
 
 STYM'MATA, from arvft/ia, 'that which con- 
 Etricts or thickens.' The most solid ointments. 
 Also, the ingredients proper for increasing their 
 consistence. 
 
 STYPSIS, Astriction, Constipation. 
 
 STYPTERIA, Alumen, Styptics. 
 
 STYPTIC, EATON'S. A name first given to 
 Helvetius's Styptic, when introduced into Great 
 Britain. It is now usually made of calcined 
 green vitriol, ^j; proof spirit, tinged with a little 
 oak bark, Oij. 
 
 Styptic, Helvetius's, see Ferrumtartarizatum. 
 
 Styptic, Ruspini's, Liquor Stypt'icus Ruspini. 
 A nostrum, said to consist of gallic acid, a small 
 quantity of sulphate of zinc and op>i%im, dissolved 
 in a mixture of alcohol and rose-water, which has 
 had much reputation as an internal and external 
 astringent. * 
 
 Styptics, Contrahen'tia, Constricti'va Medica- 
 men'ta, Conatringen'tia, Anastal'tica, Siy]iie'ria, 
 from trrvnij), ' I constringe.' Sometimes used sy- 
 nonymously with astringent, but generally ap- 
 plied to a substance employed to arrest hemor- 
 rhage, — EncB'mon. A mechanical styptic is one 
 that arrests the flow of blood, by being applied 
 immediately to the mouth of the bleeding vessel, 
 or by inducing a coagulum, mechanically, in 
 it. A chymical styptic is one which coagu- 
 lates, chymically, the blood around a bleeding 
 orifice. 
 
 STYRAC'INUM O'LEUM. Oil obtained by 
 boiling storax in good olive oil. 
 
 STYRAX, from crvpa^, ' a reed,' in which it 
 
 was preserved. A resin, obtained from the Sty- 
 rax officina'lis and S. calami'ta. It is the solid 
 storax; — officinal storax. There are two kinds 
 of storax met with : 1. The Red Storax, Gum 
 Storax, Thus Judmo'rum, Styrax rubra, Styra'cis 
 bal'samiim, Balsamum styracia officinalis, which 
 is obtained by incision from the Styrax offieina'lis, 
 and, perhaps, from the Liquidam'bar oricnta' lis. 
 The purest is in tears ; but it has lost some of its 
 smell in drying. 2. Common Storax, Styrax ca- 
 lami'ta. That which has been received in reeds 
 or vessels, and has had saw-dust added immedi- 
 ately to thicken it. The odour of storax is fra- 
 grant ; the taste aromatic. It is considered, like 
 the other balsams, to be stimulant and expecto- 
 rant, but is rarely used long. 
 
 Pu'rified Storax, S.cola'ta, S. purifica'ta,\s 
 prepared hj dissolving storax in alcohol ; strain- 
 ing the solution ; then distilling off the alcohol 
 with a gentle heat, until the storax acquires thi"' 
 proper consistence. — Ph. U. S. Dose, gr. i 
 
 to XXX. 
 
 Styrax Alba, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — s. 
 Benzoin, see Benjamin — s. Calamita, see Styrai 
 — s. Liquida, Liquidambar styraciflua — s. Offici- 
 nalis, see Styrax. 
 
 STYSIS, Erection, Priapismus. 
 
 SUAVEOLENS, Beneolens. 
 
 SUB. A common Latin prefix, signifying 
 'beneath.' 
 
 SUBAC'TIO, Chiro'sis, Oheirosis. The ope- 
 ration of making plasters, extracts, &c., with thi 
 hand, or with the pestle and mortar. 
 
 SUBAFFECTIO, Hydropathia. 
 
 SUBAGITATRIX, Tribade. 
 
 SUB-ATLOIDEUS, Tnfra-atloideus, (F.) Souo^ 
 atlo'idien. That which is situate beneath the 
 atlas or first cervical vertebra. Chaussier has 
 given this name to the second pair of cervical 
 nerves. 
 
 SUB-AXOiDEUS, Infra -axoid ens, (F.) Sous- 
 axo'idien. That which is below the axis or ver- 
 tebra dentata, Chaussier has given this name to 
 the third pair of cervical nerves. 
 
 SUBBORAS NATRICUM, Borax. 
 
 SUBCARTILAGINEUM, Hypochondre. 
 
 SUBCLA'VIAN, Subcla'vius, Suhclavicula'ris, 
 from sub, ' under,' and clavia, ' the clavicle.' 
 That which is under the clavicle. 
 
 Subclavian Arteries, (F.) Artires sous-ela- 
 vilres, are situate at the vipper part of the chest, 
 and the lateral and lower parts of the neck. 
 The right arises at the corresponding side of the 
 trachea, and comes off from the arteria innomi- 
 nata or brachio-cephalic trunk. The left leaves 
 the aorta at the end of the arch. Both extend 
 as far as the superior surface of the first rib, in 
 the space between the scaleni muscles, beyond 
 which they take the name axillary arteries. 
 The subclavian arteries run, for some distance, 
 without sending off any branch. In the neigh- 
 bourhood of the first rib, however, they give off, 
 
 1. Uptoards, the vertebral and inferior thyroideal. 
 
 2. Boiomvards, the internal mammary and supe- 
 rior intercostal. 3. Outwards, the transverse cer- 
 vical or posterior scapidar, the superior scapular, 
 and the ^30«?en'or cervical or profunda. 
 
 Subclavian or Subclavius Muscle, Snbcla- 
 via'nus, (F.) Costo-claviculaire (Ch.), Sons-cla- 
 vier, is situate at the superior and anterior part 
 of the chest. It is attached, by its inner extre- 
 mity, to the superior surface of the cartilage of 
 the first rib ; and by its superior margin and 
 outer extremity to the inferior surface of the 
 clavicle. This muscle depresses the clavicle, and 
 carries it forward. When the shoulder is fixed, 
 it can raise the first rib. 
 
 Subclavian Veins, (F.) Veines aoua-claviirea, 
 
SUBCLAVICULA 
 
 823 
 
 SUBMENTAL 
 
 are continuations of the axillary, and extend from 
 the inferior extremity of the scalenus anticus, in 
 front of which they pass, to the vena cava supe- 
 rior, which they form by their union. The right 
 jsubclavian vein is very short; the left, longer 
 and broader. These veins receive the mouths of 
 the internal and external jugulars, vertebral and 
 superior intercostal. The left subclavian receives 
 two veins more than the right, — the left internal 
 mammary and left inferior thyroid. The thora- 
 cic duct opens into the left subclavian : — the cor- 
 responding great lymphatic vessel into the right. 
 
 SUBCLAVICULA, from sub, 'under,' and 
 clavicula, ' the clavicle.' The first rib. 
 
 SUBCLAVICULARIS, Subclavian. 
 
 SUBCLAVIUS, Subclavian muscle. 
 
 SUBCRUEN'TUS, 'somewhat bloody;' from 
 8W&, and ci-uentus, 'bloody;' Ht/phce'mos. That 
 which has the colour and nature of blood. An 
 epithet given to certain excreted substances, which 
 are mixed with blood, or have the appearance of 
 blood. 
 
 SUBCRUR^L see Crurjeus. 
 
 SUBGUTA'NEOUS, Subcitta'neus, from sub, 
 'under,' and cutis, 'the skin;' Intercuta'neus, (F.) 
 Sous-eutane. That which is placed immediately 
 under the skin. 
 
 SuBCUTANEUs CoLLi, Superficialis colli — s. 
 Malse (Nervus), Orbitar nerve. 
 
 SUBDELIRIUM, Typhomania. 
 
 SUB'DITA, SubditWia, from subdere, 'to put 
 under;' Pros' theta. Medicines introduced into 
 some one of the natural apertures; — as supposi- 
 tories, pessaries, <fec. 
 
 SUBDITITIA, Subdita. 
 
 SUBDUCTIO, Dejection. 
 
 SUBER, Oork : — the bark of the Querctts Sube7- 
 or CorJc Tree. (F.) Liege. Family, Amentacea3. 
 Sex. Si/st. Monoecia Polyandria.. Cork, when 
 burnt, is applied as a mechanical styptic to 
 bleeding piles, &c. Surgeons use it for making 
 tents ; and it has been recommended to be worn 
 as an amulet to suppress the secretion of milk ! 
 
 SUBETH, Coma. 
 
 SUBFRONTA'LIS SUTU'RA. A suture re- 
 sulting from the articulation of the os frontis 
 with the nasal process of the superior maxillary 
 bone, and the proper bones of the nose. 
 
 SUBGRONDATION, Depression. 
 
 SUBHUMBRATIO, Catomismos. 
 
 SUBIGATOR, Trihade. 
 
 SUBINFLAM MATIO, Subinflammation — s. 
 Hepatis, Hepatitis, chronic. 
 
 SUBINFLAMMA'T ION, Subinflamma Hio, 
 from sub, 'under,' and inflammafio. Infiamma- 
 tiun'ctda, Hypophlegma' sia. A mild degree of 
 inflammation, so slight as hardly to deserve the 
 name inflammation. Broussais understood by^ the 
 term, an augmentation in the vital phenomena 
 of the vessels that convey white blood. Lym- 
 phatic engorgements, scrofula, herpes, and cancer 
 he considered subinflammations. 
 
 SUBINTRAN'TES FEBRES, from sub, 
 'under,' and intrare, 'to enter.' Conununican'tes 
 fehres. Fevers primarily intermittent, whose 
 paroxysms approximate, so that one paroxysm 
 begins before that which preceded it has gone 
 through its stages. — L. Bellini. 
 
 SUBJECTIVE SENSATIONS, see Sensation. 
 
 SUBJEE, Bangue. 
 
 SUBLIGACULUM, Truss, 
 
 SUBLIGATURA. Truss. 
 
 SUBLIMAMENTUM, En^orema. 
 
 SUBLIMATE, CORROSIVE, Hydrargyri 
 oxymurias. 
 
 SUBLIMA' TION, Sublima 'tic, Ifeteoris'mus, 
 Hypso'sis, from sublimo, ' I raise up.' An opera- 
 tion by which dry and solid matters are volatilized 
 
 and condensed at the upper part of a subliming 
 apparatus. Calomel, sal ammoniac, &c., are com- 
 monly obtained by sublimation. The product of 
 sublimation is a Sub'limate SiMima'tum, (F.) Sub- 
 lime. 
 
 SUBLIMATUS CORROSIVUS, Hydrargyri 
 oxymurias. 
 
 SUBLIME^. Sublimis. 
 
 SUBLIME, Enseorema, Sublimate — s. Corro- 
 sif, Hydrargyri oxymurias. 
 
 SUBLI'MIS, (F.) Sublime, 'high, elevated, 
 superficial.' Anatomists have given the name 
 sublimis to certain muscles, which are situate 
 more superficially than their kindred muscles. 
 These last they have called profundi. Of the 
 former, the flexor sublimis digitorum is an ex- 
 ample. 
 
 The French use the term 'respiration sublime' 
 for the respiration which is accompanied by con- 
 siderable elevation of the ribs, and with separa- 
 tion of the alse nasi at the time of inspiration. 
 
 SUBLINGUA, Uvula. 
 
 SUBLIN'GUAL, SuUingua'lis, (F.) Souslin. 
 glial, from st(b, 'under,' and lingua, 'the tongue.' 
 That which is seated under the tongue. 
 
 Sublingual Aktery, with some, is the Lin- 
 gual. With others, it is a branch given off by 
 the lingual opposite the genio-glossus muscle, 
 which is distributed particularly to the sublingual 
 gland, to the mylo-hyoid, and genio-glossus mus- 
 cles, &G. 
 
 Sublingual Gland, Glan'dula sublingua'lis, 
 G. Bartholinia'na, G. Rivinia'na, is seated in the 
 substance of the inferior paries of the mouth, be- 
 neath the anterior part of the tongue. It is 
 smaller than the submaxillary, of which it fre- 
 quently seems to be only a prolongation. It is 
 oblong, flattened, amygdaloid, and is covered by 
 the mucous membrane of the mouth, beneath 
 which it projects. This gland has 10 or 12 ex- 
 cretory ducts — Ductus liivinia'ni seu Walthe- 
 ria'ni- — some of which open beneath the frajnum 
 lingua, joining Wharton's duct, whilst others 
 pierce the mucous membrane of the mouth sepa- 
 rately. It has the same structure as the parotid. 
 
 SUBLINGUIUM, Uvula. 
 
 SUBLINGUUM, Epiglottis. 
 
 SUBLOB'ULAR, Sublobula'ris; from sub, 
 'under,' and lobus, 'a lobe.' That which is 
 placed under a lobe. 
 
 SuBLOBULAR Veins OF THE LiVER. The veina 
 in which the intra-lobular veins terminate. By 
 their union, the sublobular veins form the hepatic 
 veins. 
 
 SUBLUXATIO, Sprain. 
 
 SUBMAXILLARY, Subm axilla' r is, Infra- 
 maxilla'ris, (F.) Sous-maxillaire, from sub, 
 'under,' and maxilla, 'the jaw.' That which is 
 seated beneath the jaw. 
 
 Submaxillary Ganglion is a small nervous 
 ganglion, situate opposite the gland. It seems 
 to be formed by the superior branch of the Vidian 
 nerve, and communicates with the lingual nerve 
 of the inferior maxillary. Its filaments form a 
 plexus which penetrates the submaxillary gland. 
 
 Submaxillary Gland, Max'illary Gland, Hy- 
 pognath'aden, is a salivary gland, less than tlie 
 parotid, seated at the inner side of the ramus and 
 body of the inferior maxillarj' bone, in the trian- 
 gular space between the two bellies of the digas- 
 trieus. Irregularly ovoid, and flattened on three 
 surfaces, it has the same aspect and organization 
 as the other salivary glands. Its excretory duct 
 is called Wharton's Duct, and terminates at the 
 side of the frrenum lingua;, by a % ery small orifice. 
 It is also called Ductus inferior. 
 
 SUBMEN'TAL, Submenta'lis, (F.) Soiisrie'iial, 
 
StTBMERSION 
 
 824 
 
 SUBSULTUS 
 
 from suh, 'under,' and mentum, 'the chin.' Situ- 
 ate under the chin. 
 
 Submental Artery is furnished by the facial, 
 near the base of the jaw. It passes forwards 
 along the attachment of the mylo-hyoideus, to 
 which it furnishes branches that cross it to anas- 
 tomose with those of the sublingual. Near the 
 median line it bifurcates, to be distributed to the 
 chin and muscles of the infra-hyoid region. 
 
 Submental Vein, which accompanies the ar- 
 tery, opens into the labial. 
 
 SUBMER'SIOjST, Submer'sio, from sub, 'under,' 
 and mergere, merstim, ' to plunge.' The act of 
 plunging, or being entirely plunged, in a liquid. 
 
 Asphyx'ia by submersiort, Drowning, Asphyxia 
 Immerso'rum, is not owing to a certain quantity 
 of liquid being introduced into the alimentary or 
 air-passages ; but simply to the interception of 
 air, and of the respiratory phenomena. It is a 
 case of suffocation, the signs of which, on dis- 
 section, are equivocal, without circumstantial 
 evidence. 
 
 SUBMISSIO, Remission— s. Cordis, Systole. 
 
 SUBMU'COUS, Submuco'sus; from sub, 
 'under/ and mucus. Under a mucous mem- 
 brane, — - as the ' submucous areolar tissue.' 
 
 SUBMURIAS AMMONIACO-HYDRARGY- 
 RICUS, Hydrargyrum prsecipitatum. 
 
 SUBMUS'CULAR, Submuscula'ris ; from sub, 
 'under,' and museuhis, 'a, muscle.' Seated be- 
 neath muscles or a muscular layer. 
 
 SUBOCCIP'ITAL, Suboceipita'Us; from sub, 
 'under,' and occiput. That which is situated 
 under the occiput. 
 
 Suboccip'ital Nerve, Occipital nerve. 
 
 SUBOR'BITAR, Suborbita'rius, Infra-or'bitar, 
 Infra-orbita'lis, Infra-orhita' rius, (F.) Sous-orbi- 
 taire, from sub, 'under,' and orbita, 'the orbit.' 
 That which is seated beneath the orbitar cavity. 
 
 Suborbitar Artery, Infra-orbitar, A., pro- 
 ceeds from the internal maxillary, from which it 
 separates near the anterior and superior part of 
 the zygomatic fossa. It enters the infra-orbitar 
 canal, and passes through it, giving branches to 
 the anterior and superior dental canal ; issues by 
 the foramen infra-orbitarium ; and divides, in the 
 fossa canina, into a number of branches, which 
 lose themselves in the neighbouring parts. The 
 infra-orbitar vein follows the same course. 
 
 Suborbitar Canal, Infra-orbitar Canal, (F.) 
 Canal ou Conduit sous-orbitaire, is a small canal, 
 which runs obliquely through the substance of 
 the inferior paries of the orbit. It begins, behind, 
 by a simple gutter, and divides, anteriorly, into 
 two branches, one of which descends into the 
 anterior paries of the maxillary sinus, whilst the 
 other passes out, in the canine fossa, by an ori- 
 fice, called Foramen-infra-orbitarium, (F.) Trou 
 sous-orbitaire. The infra-orbitar artery and nerve 
 pass along it. 
 
 Suborbitar Fissure, Infra-orbitar Fissure, 
 Hima cana'lis orbita'rii, Fissti'ra infra- orbita'lis. 
 A fissure in the superior maxillary bone ; the su- 
 perior commencement of the suborbitar canal, 
 
 Suborbitar Fossa, Canine fossa. 
 
 i?UB0RBlTAR Nbrves, Infra-orbitar Nerves, 
 seem to terminate the superior maxillary. They 
 issue from the infra-orbitar canal by the foramen 
 of the same name, and spread out in a radiated 
 manner in the fossa canina, to divide into superior 
 or pal/jebrai filaments, inferior or labial, internal 
 ijf nasal, and external or buccal. 
 
 SUBPERITONE'AL, Subperitonea'lis ; from 
 (•>/''. ' under,' and' peritoneum. That which lies 
 under the peritoneum. 
 
 Subperitoneal Aponeurosis, Fascia, subpe- 
 ritoneal — s. Gauglia, see Spermatic ganglion. 
 SUBPLACENTA, Decidua membraua. 
 
 STJBPOPLIT^US, Poplitaeus muscle. 
 
 SUBPUBIC ARCH, Arcus subpu'bicua. A 
 strong arch of the superior pelvic aponeurosis, 
 which completes the posterior orifice of the ob- 
 turator or subpubic canal. 
 
 Subpubic Membrane, Obturator membrane. 
 
 SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS, Abductor brevis 
 — s. Prostaticus, Compressor prostatse. 
 
 SUBPUTRIS, Hyposaprus. 
 
 SUBSCAP'ULAR, Subscapnla'ris, (F.) Sons- 
 scapulaire, Sous-scapulo-trochinien, from snb, 
 'under,' and scapida, 'the shoulder-blade.' That 
 which is beneath the scapula. 
 
 Subscapular Fossa, Fossa Subseapvla 'vis. 
 A considerable excavation at the anterior surface 
 or venter of the scapula, in which the subscapu- 
 laris is seated. 
 
 Subscapular Muscle, Subscapnla'ris Muscle, 
 Immer'sus, Infra-scapida'ris, (F.) Soiis-scapnlo- 
 trochinien (Ch.), Porte-feuille, Muscle sotis-scapu- 
 laire. A muscle situate in the above-mentioned 
 fossa. It is flat, broad, and triangular ; is at- 
 tached, by its base, to the subseapulary fossa and 
 to the anterior lip of the edge of the spine of the 
 scapula, and is inserted into the lesser tuberosity 
 of the humerus. It carries the arm in rotation 
 inwards. It can also depress it, and bring it to- 
 wards the body. 
 
 Subscap'ular Nerves are two in number. 
 One arises from the brachial plexus above the 
 clavicle ; the other from the posterior aspect of 
 the plexus within the axilla. They are distri- 
 buted to the subscapularis muscle. 
 
 SUBSE'ROUS, Subsero'sus; from s^ih, 'under,' 
 and serous. Under a serous membrane, — as the 
 'subserous areolar tissue.' 
 
 SUBSIDENTIA, Sediment. 
 
 SUBSTANCE FBI AIL LEE BES DENTS, 
 Enamel of the teeth — s. Horny, see Tooth. 
 
 SUBSTANCE, HYALINE, Cytoblastema— s. 
 Intercellular, Cytoblastema — s. Vitree dea Dents, 
 Enamel of the teeth. 
 
 Substance, White, of Schwann. A hollow 
 cylinder within the tubular nervous fibre, which 
 differs in composition and refracting power from 
 the matter that occupies the centre of the tube. 
 
 SUBSTANTIA ADAMANTINA PENTIUM, 
 Enamel — s. Filamentosa dentium. Enamel — s. 
 Hyalina, Cytoblastema — s. Ossea dentium, see 
 Tooth — s. Ostoidea, see Tooth. 
 
 Substant'ia Perfora'ta Me'dia. When the 
 pia mater has been removed from the space be- 
 tween the crura cerebri termed the intercru'ral 
 or interpedunc'ular, the surface appears cribriform 
 from the perforations of the numerous minute 
 vessels which penetrate it. This is the siibstan'tia 
 perfora'ta me'dia of Vicq d'Azyr. 
 
 Substantia Pulposa Dentis, Dental pulp — s, 
 Rhomboidea, Corpus dentatum — s. Spongiosa 
 Urethrse, Corpus spongiosum urethras — s. Vitrea 
 dentium, Enamel of the teeth — s. Vitrea, Cyto- 
 blastema. 
 
 SUB'STANTIVE, Substanti'vus; from substare, 
 (sub and stare,) 'to stand under or subsist.' An 
 epithet applied by Dr. Paris to aliments which 
 are nutritious, in contradistinction to adjective 
 aliments, which are themselves not possessed of 
 nutritive virtues, but impart to the digestive or- 
 gans greater energy, so as to enable them to ex- 
 tract more nutriment from the substantive ali- 
 ments. Meat, for example, is a substantive 
 aliment: the condiment, as mustard, eaten with 
 it, nn adjective aliment. 
 
 SUBSTILLUM. Stillieidium, 
 
 SUBSULTIO, Palpitation. 
 
 SUBSUL'TUS TEN'DINUM, Saltus tcn'dU 
 num, Clonus subsultus, Subs}dtus, Carpholog"ia 
 spasmod' ica, Myopul'mus, Twitching of the Ten- 
 
SUBSURDITAS 
 
 825 
 
 SUDAMINA 
 
 dona, (F.) Souhreaaut, from snhsilire, suhsultmn, 
 (sub and satire,) 'to make short leaps.' Twitch- 
 ing, communicated to the tendons by the invo- 
 luntary and instantaneous contraction of the 
 muscular fibres. It is more observable .at the 
 wrist than elsewhere ; and is an evidence of great 
 cerebral irritability, and debility, when it occurs 
 at an advanced period of fever. 
 
 The muscular agitations or twitchings observed 
 in febrile diseases, especially of children, have 
 been termed Convulsihil'itas, Sclerotyr'befelri'lis, 
 and Trritahil' itas morbo'sa. ^ 
 
 SUBSURDITAS, Deafness. 
 
 SUB'UBERES, from sub, 'under,' and nbera, 
 'the breasts.' Infan'tes sugen'tes, SucMng chil- 
 dren. Infants at the breast, in contradistinction 
 to the E.ru'beres, a-aoyoKaKToi, or those which have 
 been weaned. 
 
 SUBUN'GUIAL, Suhun'guical, (F.) Sous-wi- 
 gSale, from sub, 'under,' SLndunguis,' a. nail.' Be- 
 longing to parts under the nail; — as subunguial 
 exostosis, (F.) Exostose sotis-ungeale, an exostosis 
 under the nail of the great toe especially. 
 
 SUBVERSIO STOMACHI, Vomiturition. 
 
 SUBVERTEBRA, Sacrum. 
 
 SUBVERTEBRUM, Sacrum. 
 
 SUBVOLA, Hypothenar. 
 
 SVC, Succus — s. de Citron, see Citrus medica 
 — s. Gastrique, Gastric juice — s. Medidlaire, 
 Marrow — s. dv, Limon, see Citrus medica. 
 
 SUCCA'GO, from succus, 'juice.' The inspis- 
 sated juice of plants; robs, jellies, &c. 
 
 SUCCEDA'NEUM, Succida' neum, Suhstitu'- 
 tum, Antiballom' enum, Sxirroga'tuni, Antembal- 
 Jom'eimm, Quid j)^'o <J>'0, from succedere, (sub, 
 and cedere), ' to go under, to come in place of 
 another.' An epithet for medicines that may be 
 substituted for others possessing similar pro- 
 perties. 
 
 SUCCENTURIA'TUS, from succenturinre (snb, 
 and centuria), 'to supply a soldier to fill a va- 
 cancy ;' and hence, ' to substitute or put in the 
 room of.' That which is a substitute for another; 
 ?s Renes succenturiati, Ventriculus succenturia- 
 tits, &c. 
 
 SUCCHAR, Saccharum. 
 
 SUCCIDANEUM, Succedaneum. 
 
 SUCCIN, Succinum. 
 
 SUCCINCTURA, Dinphragm. 
 
 SUCCmCTUS, Diaphragm. 
 
 SUCCINI RESINA, Musk, artificial. 
 
 SUCCIN'IC ACID, Ac"idum Suc'cini, A. Sue 
 cin'icum, Acor Suecin'eus, Sal Succini, Sal volat'- 
 ile Succini, has been considered antispasmodic 
 and diaphoretic, in the dose of from five to twenty 
 grains. 
 
 SUCCINUM, Elec'trvm, Ambra, Ambram,Am- 
 par, Bereni'ce, Amber, Yellow Amber, (F.) Succin, 
 Ambre janne. This substance, which is found on 
 the shores of the Baltic, is composed of a resinous 
 matter, of essential oil, and an acid sui generis. 
 It is inodorous, except when heated or rubbed ; 
 insipid ; in fragments of a pale golden-yellow co- 
 lour ; transparent, and has a shining lustre. S.g. 
 1.08 ; insoluble in water, and slightly acted on 
 by alcohol. It is used for affording its essential 
 oil — the O'leum or Bal'samum Suc'cini, (F.) Huile 
 de Succin. This oil possesses stimulant, antispas- 
 modic, diuretic, and rubefacient properties. 
 
 The O'leum Suc'cini recfifica'tum, Bectified Oil 
 of Amber, is made as follows : — Oil of Amber, Oj ; 
 water, Ovj. Mix in a glass retort, and distil until 
 Oiv of the water have passed with the oil into the 
 receiver ; separate the oil from the water, and 
 keep it in well-stopped bottles. — (Ph. U. S.) 
 
 The White amber, Leucelec'trum, (F.) Ambre 
 blanc, is a variety. 
 
 Succinum Cineeeum, Ambergris — s. Griseum, 
 Ambergris. 
 
 SUCGION, Sucking. 
 
 SUCCISA, Scabiosa succisa — s. Pratensis, S. 
 succisa. 
 
 SUCCOLATA, Chocolate. 
 SUCCORY, WILD, Cichorium intybus, Chi- 
 ronia angularis. 
 
 SUC'CUBUS, from sub, and culare, 'to lie.' 
 Some authors have used this word synonymously 
 with nightmare. Others mean by it a female 
 phantom, with which a man in his sleep may be- 
 lieve he has intercourse ; — as Incubus has been 
 applied to the male phantom, with which a female 
 may dream she is similarly situate. 
 
 SUCCUS, Chylus, Opos, Opis'ma, Chylis'ma, 
 Ecchylo'ma, Apothlim'ma, Juice, (F.) Sue. The 
 fluid obtained by pressing plants, flesh, &c. ; suc- 
 cus expres'sus. It is, also, applied to certain ani- 
 mal fluids, as S. Oastricus, &c. 
 
 Succus AcacijE Germanics Inspissatus, see 
 Prunus spinosa — s. Acaciae nostratis, see Prunus 
 spinosa — s. Arborum, Sap — s. Cicutse spissatus, 
 Extractum eonii — s. Cyrenaicus, Laserpitium. 
 
 Succus Enter'icus, S. Intestina'lis, Jntes'tinal 
 Juice. The fluid secreted from the lining mem- 
 brane of the small intestines. 
 
 Succus Expressus, Apothlimma — s. Gastri- 
 cus, Gastric juice — s. Glycyrrhizse, Extractum 
 glycyrrhizEe — s. Hypocistidis, see Cytinus — s. 
 Intestinalis, Succus entericus — s. Japonicus, Ca- 
 techu — s. Limonis, see Citrus medica — s. Liqui- 
 ritise, Extractum glycyrrhizse — s. Nerveus, Ner- 
 vous fluid — s. Nutritius, Chyle — s. Orni concre- 
 tus, see Fraxinus ornus — s. Pancreaticus, see 
 Pancreas — s. Spissatus Aconiti Napelli, Extrac- 
 tum aconiti — s. Spissatus atropaj belladonnas, 
 Extractum belladonuEe — s. Spissatus conii ma- 
 culati, Extractum cieuta3 — s. Spissatus hyoscy- 
 ami nigri, Extractum hyoscyami — s. Spissatus 
 lactucse sativffi, Extractum lactucee. 
 
 SUCCUS'SION, Hippocrat'ic Succiis'sion, Suc- 
 cus'sio, from suecutio (sub, and quatio), 'I shake 
 from beneath.' A mode of ascertaining the ex- 
 istence of a fluid in the thorax, (jl uctnation by 
 succussion,) by giving the body one or more slight 
 shakes. 
 
 Succussion, Ballottement. 
 
 SUCHOR, Saccharum. 
 
 SUCKING, Suc'tio, Suctus, Athelx'is, Bdalsis, 
 3fyze'sis, (P.) Succion, from sugere, suctum, 'to 
 suck.' The act of drawing liquid into the mouth, 
 by forming a vacuum with the tongue acting as 
 a piston, during inspiration. 
 
 Sucking Bottle. A bottle so formed, that, 
 when filled with milk, it can be sucked from in- 
 stead of the breast. 
 
 Sucking Child, Lactens. A suckling. 
 
 SUCKLE,iyac*are, yaXaKTorpo^Eii', ri5j?0ti£ii',(P.) 
 Allaiter ou Alaiter. To give suck. To nurse, 
 
 SUCKLING, Lactation, Sucking child. 
 
 SUCRE, Saccharum — s. Candi, Saccharum 
 candidum — s. de Lait, Sugar of milk — s. de Sa- 
 turne, Plumbi superacetas. 
 
 SUCTIO, Exsuctio, Sucking, 
 
 SUCTION POWER. The force exerted on 
 the blood in the veins, by the active dilatation 
 of the heart. See Derivation. 
 
 SUCTO'RIA, from sugo, 'I suck.' Animals 
 provided with mouths for sucking. Also, organs 
 for sucking or adhesion, — hence termed swctona^ 
 — as ' suctorial oscula.' 
 
 SUCTORIAL, see Suctoria. 
 
 SUCTUS, Sucking. 
 
 SUDAM'INA, Hydro' ata, Hidro'ta, Pap'ulai 
 sudora'les, Suffersu'rcB, Alha'sef, Planta noc- 
 tis, Boa, from sudor, 'sweat,' Small vesiclea. 
 
SUDARIUM 
 
 826 
 
 SUGAR 
 
 which appear upon the skin, especially in the 
 summer time, in hot countries, and in dis- 
 eases attended with much sweating. It is a mi- 
 liary eruption. See Miliary fever. 
 
 SuDAMiNA, Desudatio, JEchauhouliires, Lichen 
 tropicus. 
 
 SUDARIUM, Achicolum. 
 
 SUDATION, Hidrosis. 
 
 SUDATORIA, Hidrosis — s. Maligna, see Su- 
 dor Anglicus. 
 
 SUDATORIUM, Achicolum. 
 
 SUDOR, Hidros, (F.) Sneur^ 'sweat.' The 
 product of cutaneous transpiration, when visible 
 on the surface of tlie body. It is colourless ; of 
 an odour more or less strong and variable; and of 
 a saline taste. It is composed, according to Ber- 
 selius, of Water, lactic acid, lactate of soda united 
 \rith a little animal matter, chloride of sodium, 
 and a little chloride of potassium, an atom of 
 earthy phosphate, and some oxyd of iron. 
 
 Sudor, Miliary fever. 
 
 Sudor An'glicus, Hidron'osos, Hidrop'yra, 
 Hidropyr'etos, Febris sudato'ria, Milia'ris suda- 
 to'ria, Sudor milia'ris, Morhus siidatorius, Eplierti'- 
 era malig'na, E. sudatoria, E. Britan'nica, Pestis 
 Sritannica, Sudato'ria malig'na, E. An' gliea pes' - 
 tilens, Sweating Siclcness, Sweating Fever, (F.) 
 Suette, S. Miliare, S. epidemique, Sueur Anglaise. 
 A very severe epidemic disease, characterized by 
 profuse sweating, which appeared in England in 
 1486 ; and recurred, at different times, until about 
 the middle of the 16th century. It was accom- 
 panied with coldness, excessive prostration of 
 strength, palpitation, frequency and inequality 
 of the pulse, Ac, and terminated favourably or 
 unfavourably in the course of 24 hours. The 
 French have given the name Suette de Picar- 
 DIE, Suette des Pieards, Fievre suante ; Miliaris 
 sudatoria. Sudor Picard'icus, to an epidemic dis- 
 ease, which has appeared several times in that 
 province; the principal symptoms of which were 
 profuse sweats and a miliary eruption. The dis- 
 ease recurred in 1821, and has been described, at 
 length, by M. Rayer, who considers it to consist 
 of a simultaneous state of inflammation of various 
 tissues ; and proposes to class it with variola, 
 scarlatina, and measles. 
 
 Sudor Colliquativus, S. Profusus. 
 
 Sudor Cruen'tus, S. sanguin'ens, Hcsmatidro'- 
 sie, Hamathidro'sis, Epidro'sis cruen'ta, HcBmor- 
 rhug"ia per Cutem, (F.) Hematidrose, Sueur de 
 Sang ; Sweating of blood, Bloody stceai, Hem'- 
 orrhage from the shin. Cutaneous perspiration 
 intermixed with blood : — a very uncommon af- 
 fection. 
 
 Sudor Dulcis, SaccharorrJice'a cuta'nea, Ej)hi- 
 dro'sis sacchara'ta. A discharge of saccharine 
 matter by perspiration. 
 
 Sudor Localis, M'eridrosis — s. Miliaris, Mili- 
 ary fever. Sudor Anglicus — s. Partialis, Meridrosis. 
 
 Sudor Perpu'sus, *S'. CoUiquati'vus. A pro- 
 fuse or immoderate sweat. 
 
 Sudor Sanguineus, Sudor cruentus — s. Uni- 
 yersalis, Panhidrosis. 
 
 SUDORIFER, Sudoriferous, Sudorific. 
 
 SUDORIF'EROUS, Sudor'ifer, Hydroph'orxts, 
 from sudor, ' sweat,' and fero, ' I carry.' That 
 which carries sweat, as the sudoriferous ducts or 
 glands. 
 
 SUDORIF'IC, Sudrjrif'icum, Sudor'ifer, Hi- 
 drot'icum, Hydrote'rium, Hydrotop)oe'um, Hidro- 
 jjoet'icum, from sudor, 'sweat,' and facio, 'I 
 make.' A medicine which provokes sweating. 
 See Diaphoretic. 
 
 Four Sudorific Woods, Quat'uor Ugna sudo- 
 nfica, were, formerly, guaiacum, pterfumed cherry, 
 tarsaparilla, and sassafras. 
 
 SUDORIPAROUS, see Perspiration. 
 
 SUDORIS NULLITAS, Anidrosis— s. Pri- 
 Vatio, Anidrosis — s. Suppressio, Isehidrosis. 
 
 SUET, Sevum. 
 
 SUETTE, Sudor Anglicus — ». Epidemique, 
 Sudor Anglicus — -s. Miliaire, Sudor Anglicus — 
 e. de Picardie, Sudor picardicus-^s. des Pieards, 
 Sudor picardicus. 
 
 SUEUR, Sudor — s. Anglaise, Sudor Anglicua 
 — s. d' E.Tp)ression, Expression, sweat of — s, de 
 Sang, Diapedesis, Sudor cruentus. 
 
 SUFFERSUR^, Sudamina. 
 
 SUFFIMEN, Suffimentum. , 
 
 SUFFIMENT'UM, Hypocapnis'ma, Svffi'men, 
 Thymi'ama, Suffi'tus, Suffumiga'tio, Svffumiga'- 
 tion, [V.) Parfuni. A perfume; sulfumige; fumi- 
 gation. 
 
 SUFFITIO, Fumigation. 
 
 SUFFITUS, Fumigation, Sufamentum. 
 
 SUFFLATIO, Puffiness. 
 
 SUFFOCATIO, Suffocation, Orthopnoea— s. 
 Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis^ — s. Hj'sterica, 
 Angone — s. Stridula, Cynanche trachealis — s. 
 Uterina, Angone. 
 
 SUFFOCA'TION, Suffoca'tio, Prmfoca'tio, 
 Apopmix'is, Asphyx'ia, Melana'ma, from «ii6, 
 'under,' and focus, 'a fire-place.' Death, or 
 suspended animation from impeded resijiration, 
 whether caused by the inhalation of noxious gases, 
 drowning, hanging, strangling, or smothering. The 
 principal morbid appearances in such cases are : 
 — the lungs of a deep-blue colour, with the blood 
 estravasated in the air-cells ; right auricle and 
 ventricle filled with dark blood, as well as the 
 neighbouring veins; lividity of the countenance, 
 turgescence, and, perhaps, rupture of the vessels 
 of the brain. 
 
 Treatment of suspended animation by suffocation 
 in general. 'The patient must be conveyed into 
 a room not too warm. Blood-letting must ba 
 used, if at all, with caution ; — friction must ba 
 employed with salt, or warm flannels ; stimulating 
 fluids, in a dilute state, be poured into the sto- 
 mach by means of a tube, and attempts be made 
 to inflate the lungs. Laryngotomy, if necessary 
 
 Suffocation, Pnigopho'bia, (F.) Etouffement, 
 is used for threatened suffocation, as strangling 
 is. It means the state of dyspnoea and oppres- 
 sion experienced when a sufiicient quantity of air 
 does not enter the lungs, or when the chemica' 
 phenomena of respiration are imperfectly exe- 
 cuted ; as in eases of asthma. 
 
 SUFFOCATION UTERINE, Hysteria. 
 
 SUFFRAGO, Poples. 
 
 SUFFUMIGATION, Sufiimentum. 
 
 SUFFUMIGE. Sufiimentum. 
 
 SUFFUMIGIUM, Fumigation. 
 
 SUFFUMINATIO, Fumigation. 
 
 SUFFUSIO, Pseudoblepsia — s. Auriginosi 
 Icterus — s. Bills, Icterus — s. Colorans, Chromof • 
 sia. — s. Dimidians, Hemiopia — s. Exclarans, Oxy- 
 opia — s. Fellis, Icterus — s. Lentis crystallina_. 
 Cataract — s. Metamorphosis, Metamorphopsia — ■ 
 s. Multiplicans, see Diplopia — s. Myodes, Meta- 
 morphopsia — s. Nigra, Amaurosis — s. Oeuli, Ca- 
 taract, Pseudoblepsia — s. Oculorum, Metamor- 
 phopsia — s. Radians, Scotasma — s. Sanguinis, 
 Ecchymoma. 
 
 SUGAR, Sacchnrum — s. Barley, Penidium — 
 s. Candy, Saccharuin candidum — s. Cane, see 
 Saccharum — s Diabetic, Glucose — s. Fruit, Glu- 
 cose — s. Grape, Glucose — s. Honey, Glucose — 
 s. of Lead, Plumbi superacetas. 
 
 Sugar of Milk, Sac'charum lactis, Galac'to- 
 sac'chnrum, Lactine, (F.) Sucre de Lait, is ob- 
 tained from whey by evaporation and crystalli- 
 zation- It possesses the demulcent properties of 
 the sugars. 
 
SUGARBEIIRY 
 
 827 
 
 SULPHURIC 
 
 Sugar, Pine, see Arrowroot — s. Starch, Glu- 
 cose. 
 
 Sugars, Variotts, see Saccharum. 
 
 SUGARBERRY, Celtis occidentalis. 
 
 SUGGILXiA'TION, SmjUla'tio, Livor, Sugilla- 
 tioUf (Ede'ma. cruentum; a hrttise; from suffillare, 
 ' to give a black eye.' By most authors used 
 synonymously with ecchymosis and ecchymoma. 
 It is, also, applied to the spots, or eechymoses 
 which occur in consequence of intrinsic causes, — 
 in disease and in incipient putrefaction. It is 
 common in dead bodies. To this last case it is, 
 indeed, restricted by some medico-legal writers ; 
 and an interesting question sometimes arises : — 
 Whether the appearance have been induced be- 
 fore death or afterwards ? Whether it be a case 
 of ecchymosis or of sticfgillation ? In the former, 
 the extravasated blood will usually be coagulated; 
 not so in the latter. It is often, however, di£B- 
 cult to form a correct judgment without reference 
 to the history of the case. 
 
 SUGGRUN'DIUM, perhaps from siiggredi, 
 ' to go under.' The eave of a house. 
 
 SuGGRUNDiuir OcuLi, Superciliary arch — s. 
 Superciliorum, Frontal protuberance. 
 
 SUICIDA, Autochir. 
 
 SUICIDAL INSANITY, Suicide. 
 
 SU'ICIDE, Sidci'dium : from sni ccedes, 'mur- 
 der of one's self.' The act of killing one's self. 
 Autochi' ria, Autocton'ia, Idiocton'ia, Autophon'ia. 
 Suicide is very frequently the result of disease 
 of the mind; the individual seeming, at times, to 
 be irresistibly impelled to self-destruction. — Me- 
 lancho'lia Suicid'ium, M. autochi'ria, /Suici'dal 
 Insanity. Also, one who commits self-murder. 
 
 SUIE, Fuligo. 
 
 SUIF, Sevum. 
 
 SUITES DE COUCHES, Lochia. 
 
 SULCATUS, Cannele, Grooved. 
 
 SULCULUS LABII SUPERIORIS, Lacuna 
 Labii superioris. 
 
 SULCUS, Semicana'lis, Semicanalic'ulits, A 
 furrow. A groove. (F.) SiUon. Anatomists 
 Lave given this name to grooves on the surface 
 of bones and other organs. 
 
 French writers on anatomy often use the term 
 Sillons for the grooves which lodge the arteries 
 and creep on the surface of bones ; whilst those 
 that receive veins are called goiittilres, ' gutters.' 
 Also, the vulva. 
 
 Sulcus Antero-posteeioe Jecoris, see Liver 
 — s. Labii superioris, Lacuna Labii superioris. 
 
 Sulcus, Lat'eral, ante'rior, of the Spinal 
 Marrow. A mere trace on the marrow, marked 
 only by the attachment of the filaments of the 
 anterior roots of the spinal nerves. 
 
 Sulcus, Lateral, posterior, of the Spinal 
 Marrow, corresponds with the attachment of the 
 posterior roots of the spinal nerves. 
 
 Sulcus Trans versalis, see Liver — s. Umbi- 
 
 lic£llis SGG ijlVftT*. 
 
 SULFATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammonige 
 sulphas. 
 
 SULFIDU]^ CARBONII, Carbonis sulphure- 
 tum. 
 
 SULFUR, Sulphur. 
 
 SULFURE BE CARBON, Carbonis sulphu- 
 retum. 
 
 SULPHAS ALUMINARIS, Alumen— s. Am- 
 moniacse Cupratus, Cuprum ammoniatum — s. 
 Cadmicus, Cadmii Sulphas — s. Kalico-alumini- 
 cum, Alumen — s. Natricus, Soda, sulphate of — s. 
 Zincicum, Zinci sulphas. 
 
 SULPHUR, Sulfur, Scorith, Thei'on, Thion, 
 Averieh, Terra folia' ta, Fumtis cit'rinus, Aq'uila, 
 Brimstone, (F.) Soufre. The Native Sulphur is 
 called Rock Sulphur, Sulphur vivum, &o. Sul- 
 phur, as we meet with it, is in rolls, Sulphur in 
 
 rot'idis, S. rotun'dum, Roll Brimstone. It is a 
 volcanic production, and is obtained, in large 
 quantities, from Solfatara, in Italy. Roll Sulphur 
 is impure sulphur, melted, and run into moulds. 
 It is unpleasantly odorous, when heated or rub- 
 bed ; insipid ; solid, and brittle. S. g. 1.99. 
 Fusible at 226°; volatiliisable by heat, and con- 
 densing unchanged. 
 
 Sulphur AnTImoniatcm, Antimonii sulphure- 
 tum prseclpitatum — s. Carburet of, Carbonis sul- 
 phuretum — s. Chloratum, Sulphur, Chloride of. 
 
 Sulphur, Chloride of, Snl'phun's Chlo'ridum, 
 Sul'phuris Dichlo'ridnm, Dichlo'ride of Sidphnr, 
 Protochlo'ride of Sulphur, IJyp)ochlo'ride of Sul- 
 phur, Subchlo'ride of Sulphur, Sulphur chlora'- 
 tum, Hi/poch lore' turn snJphuro'sum, Bisulph' nret 
 of Chlorine, Chlorum hypersulphnra'tum, is ob- 
 tained by passing dry chlorine gas over washed 
 and dried flowers of sulphur, until they are for 
 the most part dissolved, and distilling the de- 
 canted fluid from the excess of dissolved sulphur. 
 One drachm of the liquid to an ounce of lard has 
 been used in lepra, psoriasis, and other chronic 
 cutaneous diseases. Ten drops, dissolved in 
 ether, have been given in adynamic fever. 
 
 Sulphur, Dichloride of, Sulphur, chloride 
 of— s. Hypoehloride of. Sulphur, chloride of — s. 
 lodatum, Sulphuris iodidum — s. Iodide of, Sul- 
 phuris iodidum — s. loduret of, Sulphuris iodidum 
 ^- s. Liver of, Potassse sulphuretum. 
 
 Sulphur Lotum, Sulphur suhtima'tum lotiim. 
 Washed Sulphur, Ifagiste'rium Sulj>h'uris, Sul- 
 phuris Flores loti, is prepared by pouring boil- 
 ing water on sublimed sulphur, so as to wash 
 away any acid it may contain, and then drying it. 
 
 Sulphur Pr^cipita'tum, Lac Sulph'uris, Milk 
 of Sulphur, Precip'itated Suljihur, (F.) Creme de 
 Soufre, is prepared by boiling sublimed sulphur 
 and lime together, and adding muriatic acid to 
 precipitate the sulphur. 
 
 Sulphur, Protochloride of. Sulphur, chlo- 
 ride of — s. Subchloride of. Sulphur, chloride of. 
 
 Sulphur Sublima'tum, Sulphur, (Ph. U. S.) 
 Sublimed Sidphur, Flowers of Sulphur, (F.) 
 Soufre sublime, Flevrs de Soufre, is the sulphur 
 of commerce, sublimed in close vessels. 
 
 Sulphur is possessed of stimulant, laxative, 
 and diaphoretic properties. As a laxative, it is 
 used in hemorrhoidal and other affections. In the 
 itch, applied externally and taken internally, it 
 has been considered as a specific (?), and it is a 
 valuable remedy in most cutaneous affections that 
 are local. Dose, ^[ss to 3;ij. 
 
 The faeces or dregs, left in the purification or 
 sublimation of sulphur, are called Horse Brim- 
 stone, Dregs oj Sulphur vivum. Sulphur caballi'- 
 num, S. vivum, Sulphuris vivi recremen'ta. They 
 are very impure, and are only used externally. 
 
 Sulphur, Vegetable, Lycopodium — s. Wort, 
 Peucedanum. 
 
 SULPHURATUS, Sulphureous, Sulphurated. 
 
 SULPHU'REOUS, Sulphuro'sus, Sulphu'rius, 
 Sulphura'tus, Sulph'uretted. Possessing the pro- 
 perties of, or relating to, or containing sulphur. 
 
 SULPHURETTED, Sulphureous— s. Hydro- 
 gen, see Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
 
 SULPHURETUM AMMONIAC^, Ammoniaa 
 sulphuretum — s. Ammoniae hydrogenatum, Liquor 
 fumans Boylii — s. Kalicum, Potassje sulphuretum 
 — s. Lixiviae, Potassae sulphuretum. 
 
 SULPH'URIC ACID, Ac"idum. Sulplu'ricum 
 vel Sidfuricum, Oleum Vitrio'li, Spir'it.us Vitri- 
 oli, S.v.fortis,Acidum vitriol'icum, Oil of Vitriol, 
 Spirit of Vitriol, Vitriol'ic Acid, Acidum Vitrioli 
 dephlogistica' turn, Acor Sidphuris, (F. ) Acide 
 Sulpihurique ou Sidfurique. Sulphuric acid is 
 inodorous ; has a strong acid taste, and is corro • 
 sive. S. g. 1.845 (Ph. U. S.) It is escharotio, 
 
SULPHURIS 
 
 828 
 
 SUPERFGECUNDATIO 
 
 stimulant, and rubefacient. Mixed with lard, it is 
 sometimes used in local pains, and certain cuta- 
 neous aifections. 
 
 Sulphuric Acit), Anon At'ic, Ac"{dum Sulphu'- 
 rtcum Aromat'icum, A, vitriol'icum aromat'icum, 
 A. vitnolieum alcoho'le aromaticum, Elixir vitri- 
 o'li, E. V. aromaticum, E. vitrioli 3Iynsich'ti, E. 
 vitrioli Edinhurgen'sium, E. vitrioli cum tinctu'rd 
 aromaticd, E. vitrioli dulce seu acido-aromat' i- 
 cum, Alcohol cum aromat'ibus aidphurica'tus, 
 Tinctu'ra acidi sidphurici, is formed of suljyhurio 
 acid, f^iijss; ginger, bruised, ^j ; cinnamon, 
 bruised, ^iss; Alcohol, Oij. — Ph. U. S. Dose, 
 
 gtt. X to XXX. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, Dilu'ted, Ae"idum Sidphu'- 
 ricuni Dilu'tum, Aeidum vitriol' i cum dilutum. 
 Elixir of Vitriol, Elixir vitrio'li, Spir'itus vitri- 
 o'li ac"idu8 Vogle'ri, (F.) Acide aulfurique de- 
 laye, is formed, according to the Pharmacopoeia 
 of the United States, by adding aq. destillat. 
 f^xij, to acid, sulph. f^j. It is tonic, astringent, 
 and refrigerant. Dose, gtt. x to xx, largely di- 
 luted. When used as a gargle, half a drachm 
 may be added to §vj of water. 
 
 Very dilute sulphuric acid was formerly termed 
 Phlegma vitrioli. 
 
 SULPHURIS CHLORIDUM, Sulphur, chlo- 
 ride of — s. Dichloridum, Sulphur, chloride of. 
 
 Sulph'uris Io'didum, ^S". lodure' turn, Sidphur 
 loda'tum, loduret or I'odide of Sulpihur, (F.) Sou- 
 fre lodure, lodure de Soufre. It is thus directed 
 to be prepared in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 U. S. [lodin. §iv ; sulphur, ^j.) Rub the iodine 
 and sulphur together in a glass, porcelain, or 
 marble mortar, until they are thoroughly mixed. 
 Put the mixture into a matrass, close the orifice 
 loosely, and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken 
 the mass without melting it. When the colour 
 has become uniformly dark throughout, increase 
 the heat so as to melt the iodide ; then incline 
 the matrass in different directions, in order to re- 
 turn into the mass any portions of iodine which 
 may have condensed on the inner surface of the 
 vessel : lastly, allow the matrass to cool, break 
 it, and put the iodide into bottles, which are to 
 be well stopped. 
 
 SULPHURIUS, Sulphureous. 
 SULPHUROSUS, Sulphureous. 
 SULPHUROUS, Sulphureous. 
 Sul'phurous Acid, Ac'idum sulphuros'icum, 
 A. sulph'uris volat'ile, A. Sulphuro'sum vel Sul- 
 furosum, Spir'itus sulphuris, Spiritus sulphuro'- 
 SU8 volat'ilis, Sp. sulphuris per campa'nam, Sp. 
 vitrio'li pMogistica'tus, Gas sulphuris, (F.) Acide 
 Sulfureux, Air Acide Vitriolique. Obtained by 
 treating mercury with concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, or by burning sulphur. It is sometimes 
 used in the gaseous, — at othei-s, in the liquid 
 state. Sulphurous acid gas is used to disinfect 
 cloths, confined air, letters coming from infected 
 places, &a. It is also exhibited, with great suc- 
 cess, in the form of fumigation, in the treatment 
 of certain chronic cutaneoous affections, and of 
 eciatic and rheumatic pains in general. If re- 
 spired pure, it acts in the manner of violent irri- 
 tants ; and is not long in producing death. 
 
 SULTZMALT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Sultzmalt is a village in the department of the 
 Upper Pthine ; where are several sources of cold, 
 acidulous waters, which seem to contain carbonic 
 acid, subearbonate of soda, subcarbonate of lime, 
 sulphate of lime, and a little bitumen. They are 
 refrigerant, aperient, and alterative. 
 
 S'lrjIAO DES CORROYEURS, Rhus coria- 
 ria — s. VenSneux, Rhus toxicodendron. 
 SUMACH, Rhus coriaria. 
 
 SUMBUL. The name of a root, Sum'bvli ra- 
 dix, Jatamanai, Musk root, presumed to belong 
 
 to the UmbelliferEe family, much employed in 
 Russia and Germany against cholera. Its exact 
 botanical history is not determined. It contains 
 a strongly odorous principle like that of musk; 
 and is regarded as an antispasmodic. 
 SUMBULI RADIX, Sumbul root. 
 SUMEN, Hypogastrium. 
 
 SUMMER COMPLAINT. A popular name 
 in the United States, for diarrhoea occurring in 
 summer. It is often, also, made to include dj'- 
 sentery and cholera infantum. With some it 
 means cholera infantum only. 
 
 Summer Diseases, see Estival — s. Rash, Li- 
 chen tropicus. 
 
 SUMMIT AS CUTIS, Epidermis. 
 SUMMU8 HUMERUS, Acromion. 
 SUNBURN, Ephelides — s. Dew, Drosera ro- 
 tundifolia — s. Flower, false, Helenium autumnale 
 — s. Flower, swamp, Helenium autumnale — s. 
 Flower, tickweed. Coreopsis trichosperma — s. 
 Flower, turpentine, Silphium perfoliatum — s. 
 Pain, see Hemicrania — s. Rash, Lichen — s. 
 Stroke, Coup de Soleil — s. Egyptian, Coup de 
 Soleil. 
 
 SUPELLECTILE DIOGENIS, Palm. 
 SUPELLEX ANATOMICA, Museum anato- 
 micum — s. Diogenis, Palm. 
 
 SUPER. A common Latin prefix; in compo- 
 sition, signifying ' above.' 
 
 SUPERBUS, Rectus superior oculi. 
 SUPERCHLORIDUM FORMYLICUM, 
 Chloroform. 
 
 SUPERCILIARIS, Corrugator supercilii. 
 SUPERCIL'IARY, Supercilia'ris, from super, 
 ' above,' and cilium, ' the edge of the eyelid.' 
 That which relates to the supercilia or eyebrows. 
 (F.) Sourcilier ou Sureilier. 
 
 Supercil'iabt Arches, Superciliart/ Ridges, 
 Arcus supercilia'res, Sugyrun' dia oculo'rum, (F.) 
 Arcades sourcilih-es, are two slightly projecting 
 apophyses, situate at the anterior surface of the 
 OS frontis, above the superior margin of the or- 
 bits. They are separated by the nasal hosse, and 
 covered by the superciliaris muscle, to which 
 they give attachment. 
 
 Superciliary Ridges, Superciliary arches. 
 SUPERCIL'IUM, Ojyhrys, Oph'rya, Vallum, 
 (F.) Sourcil. Same etymon. The ej'ebrows are 
 two arched eminences, — convex above, and more 
 or less prominent, according to the individual, — 
 which lie on the superciliary arch of the os fron- 
 tis, above the eyelids, and extend from the sides 
 of the root of the nose to the temple. Their in- 
 ner extremity or head is more prominent than 
 the outer or tail. The eyebrows are covered 
 with short and stiff hairs, which are directed, ob- 
 liquely, from within outwards, and are, com- 
 monly, of the colour of the hair. The skin in 
 which these hairs are implanted, rests on the or- 
 bicularis palpebrarum, frontalis, and aupercilin- 
 ris muscles, which move the eyebrows in differ- 
 ent directions. The eyebrows serve as an orna- 
 ment to the countenance; and by covering the 
 eye defend it from the impression of too strong 
 a light. They direct the perspiration also from 
 the eye. 
 
 Supercilitjm Acetab'uli. The edge of the 
 cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum. 
 
 SUPERCONCEPTION, see Superfoetation. 
 SUPEREVACUATIO, Hypererisis. 
 SUPERFECUNDATION, see Superfoetation. 
 SUPERFICIA'LIS COLLI, Subcuta'ncus 
 Colli. A nerve formed by communicating 
 branches from the second and third cervical 
 nerves. It is distributed to the superficial parts 
 of the neck. 
 SUPERFICIES PLANTARIS PEDIS, Sole. 
 SUPERF(ECUNDATIO, Superfoetation. 
 
SUPEEFCETATIO 
 
 829 
 
 SUPRA-PUBIAN 
 
 SUPERPCETATIO, Superfoetation. 
 
 SUPERFCETA'TION, Snperfceta' tio, Epieye'- 
 tis, Hypereye'sis, Superimprmona' tio, Epig'one, 
 Svpierfoecunda 'tio, Siiperfeeunda'tion, Superim- 
 pregna'tion, from sttper, ' upon,' and fcetare, ' to 
 bring forth young.' Conception of a foetus — epi- 
 tye'ma — in a uterus which already contains one. 
 Ihe impregnation of a female already pregnant. 
 The possibility of this has been denied ; but there 
 Is abundant evidence to show, that it is possible 
 at a very early period of pregnancy. Twin cases 
 may be of this kind of siqierconception. 
 
 SUPERGEMINALIS, Epididymis. 
 
 SUPERGENUALIS, Patella. 
 
 SUPERHUMERALE, Epomis. 
 
 SUPERIMPR^GNATIO, Superfoetation. 
 
 SUPERIOR AURIS, Attollens aurem— s. Ro- 
 tundus clitoridis, Ischio-cavernous. 
 
 SUPERLABIA, Clitoris. 
 
 SUPERLIGAMEN, Epidesmus. 
 
 SUPERLIGULA, Epiglottis. 
 
 SUPERNUTRITIO LIENIS, Splenoncus— s. 
 Splenis, Splenoncus. 
 
 SUPEROXALAS KALICUM, Potass, oxa- 
 late of. 
 
 SUPERPURGATIO, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 SUPERSCAPULARIS, Supraspinatus— s. In- 
 ferior, Infra-spinatus. 
 
 SUPINATEUB COURT ou PETIT, Supi- 
 nator radii brevis — s. Grand ou long, Supinator 
 radii longus. 
 
 SUPINA'TION, Supina'tio, from supimts, 'ly- 
 ing on the back.' The movement in which the 
 forearm and hand are carried outwards, so that 
 the anterior surface of the latter becomes superior. 
 
 In Pathology, Supination, Siipinatio, Hyptias'- 
 tna, Hyptias'mus, means the horizontal position 
 on the back, with the head thrown back, and the 
 legs and arms extended. It is often a sign of 
 great weakness in disease. 
 
 SUPINA'TOR. Same etymon. That which 
 produces supination. A name given to two mus- 
 cles of the forearm. 
 
 Supinator Brevis seu Minor, Supinator radii 
 brevis — s. Longus seu major, Supinator radii 
 longus. 
 
 Supinator Radii Brevis, ^S*. brevis seu minor, 
 (F.) Epicondylo-radial (Ch.), Sttpinateiir court 
 ou petit supinateur, A muscle, seated at the 
 outer and back part of the forearm. It is flat- 
 tened, triangular, and curved upon itself, in such 
 a manner that it embraces the superior extremity 
 of the radius. It is attached, on the one hand, 
 to the external tuberosity of the humerus, and to 
 a small portion of the posterior surface of the 
 ulna, and is inserted into the upper third of the 
 outer and upper surfaces of the radius. It pro- 
 duces, by contracting, the motion of supina- 
 tion. 
 
 Supinator Radii Longus, S. longus sive major, 
 Bra' chio-7-adia' lis, (F.) Humero-sus-radial (Ch.), 
 Long ou grand supinateur, is seated at the ante- 
 rior and outer part of the forearm. It arises from 
 the inferior part of the outer edge of the os 
 humeri, and from the external intermuscular 
 aponeurosis; and is inserted, by a long tendon, 
 into the outer edge of the radius, near the base 
 of the styloid process. It causes the supination 
 of the forearm, which it can likewise bend on the 
 arm. 
 
 SUPPEDAXEA, Hypopodia. 
 
 SUPPLANTALIA, Hypopodia. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTA EPIPLOICA, Epiploic ap- 
 pendages. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY AIR, see Respiration. 
 
 SUPPORTER, ABDOMINAL, Belt, Russian 
 — s. Utero- Abdominal, see Belt, Russian. 
 
 SUPPOSITION DE PART, Pregnancy, pre- 
 tended. 
 
 SUPPOSITORIUM, Suppository — s. Uteri- 
 num, Pessary. 
 
 SUPPOS'ITORY, Supposito'rium, Hyp>otTi'~ 
 eton, Bacil'lus, Balanis'mus, Bal'anus, Gluns, 
 from siipponere, {sub, and ponere, ' to put,') ' to 
 put under.' Any solid medicine, in the form of a 
 cone or cylinder, intended to be introduced into 
 the rectum ,• — either for the purpose of favouring 
 intestinal evacuations, or to act as an anodj'ne. 
 Purgative suppositories are made of soap, aloes, 
 or any other irritating substance. 
 
 SUPPRESSIO ALVI, Constipation — s. Lo- 
 chiorum, Ischolochia — s. Lotii, Ischuria — s. Men- 
 sium, Amenorrhoea — s. Menstruationis, Amen- 
 orrhoea — s. Sudoris, Ischidrosis. 
 
 SUPPRESSION BU FLUX MENSTRU- 
 EL, Amenorrhoea — s. de Part, see Parturition — 
 s. d' Urine, Ischuria. 
 
 SUPPURANS, Suppurative. 
 
 SUPPURA'TION, Suppura'tio, Eppye'ma, Pv- 
 rulen'tia, Pyo'sis, Pye'sis, Diapye'ma, Diapyc'- 
 sis, Pyogen'ia simplex, Pu'ridence, Pu'rulency, 
 (F.) Aboutissement. Formation or secretion of 
 pus, (see, also Pyogenia,) from srib, 'under,' and 
 pus. It is a frequent termination of inflamma- 
 tion, and may occur in almost any of the tissues. 
 This termination is announced by slight chills, 
 by remission of the pain, which, from being lan- 
 cinating, becomes heavy ; by a sense of weight 
 in the part, and, when the collection of pus 
 can be easily felt, by fluctuation. When pus is 
 thus formed in the areolar membrane, and is col- 
 lected in one or more cavities, it constitutes an 
 abscess. If it be formed from a surface exposed 
 to the air, it is an ulcer : and such ulcers we are 
 in the habit of establishing artificially in certain 
 cases of disease. 
 
 SUP'PURATIVE, Suppu'rans, Suppiirati'vus, 
 Biapye'ticus, Ecpyo'ticus, Ecpyiscon'tus. That 
 which facilitates suppuration. Suppuratives are, 
 generally, vesicants mixed with lard. 
 
 SUPRA. A common Latin prefix : in compo- 
 sition, signifying * above.' 
 
 SUPRA-COSTA'LES, Levato'res Costa'rum, 
 (F.) Sur-costaux, from supra, 'above,' and costa, 
 ' a rib.' A name given to twelve small, fleshy 
 fasciculi, which are flattened, triangular, and with 
 radiating fibres. They pass from the transverse 
 processes of the dorsal vertebras to the superior 
 margin of the rib beneath. Spigelius, Cowper, 
 Boyer, Chaussier, and others consider them to 
 form part of the intercostales externi. 
 
 SUPRA-OMPHALODYMIA, see Somatody- 
 mia — s. et Infra-omphalodymia, see Somatody- 
 mia. 
 
 SUPRA-OR'BITAR, Supra-orbita' lis, Svpra- 
 orbita'rius, (F. ) Sus-orbitaire,fxov!i supra, 'above,' 
 and orbita, ' the orbit.' That which is situate 
 above the orbit. 
 
 Supra-Or'bitar Fora'men, Fora'men Supra- 
 orbita' riiim, F. orbitarium svpe'rius, (F.) Trou 
 sus-orbitaire ou orbitaire superieur, is a foramen 
 or notch completed by a ligament at the inner 
 third of the orbitar arch. It gives passage to the 
 supra-orbitar or superciliary artery, a branch of 
 the ophthalmic, which ascends the forehead, and 
 is distributed thereto. 
 
 SUPRA-PU'BIAN, Supra-2mbic, Supra-pn- 
 bia'nus, from svpra, and pubes. That which is 
 seated above the pubis. 
 
 Supra-Pubian Nerve, (P.) Nerf sus-pubien, 
 is the internal ramus of the inguino-cutaneous 
 branch of the first lumbar nerve. It is the genito- 
 crural branch of Bichat. It descends almost ver- 
 tically bp-fore the psoas muscle; and, near the 
 crural arch, divide." into two branches. One of 
 
SUPRA-RENAL 
 
 830 
 
 SUS-CARPIEN 
 
 ttiese accompanies the spermatic cord, and is 
 distributed to the cremaster, scrotum, and inte- 
 guments on the inner part of the thigh. The 
 other issues from the pelvis with the femoral fila- 
 ments ; traverses the aponeurosis of the thigh, 
 and is distributed to the integuments of the upper 
 and anterior part of the limb. 
 
 SUPRA-RE'NAL, Supra-rena'lis, (F.) Surre- 
 nal, from supra, ' above,' and ren, ' the kidney.' 
 Seated above the kidney — as the supra-renal cap- 
 sule. 
 
 SUPR^-SCAPULAR; Supra-scapnla'ris; from 
 supra, 'above,' and scapula. Seated above the 
 scapula ; — as 
 
 StTPRA-scAPTJLAR Nerve. This arises from 
 the fifth cervical; passes through the supra-sca- 
 pular notch, and is distributed to the supra-spi- 
 natus and infra-spinatus muscles. 
 
 SUPRA-SCAPULARIS, Supra-scapular, and 
 Supraspinatus muscle. 
 
 SUPRA- SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis 
 oris. 
 
 SUPRA-SPINA'TUS, Supra-spino'sus, (F.) 
 Sur-6j}i'nenx, Sus-epineux, from supra, and spina. 
 That which is seated above the spine. 
 
 StiPRA-SPlNATA Fossa, (F.) Fosse sns-epineuse, 
 is a triangular depression above the spine of the 
 scapula. ' 
 
 Supra-Spinatus Muscle, Super-scapula' ris, 
 Sitpra-scapularis, ( F. ) Sus - spina - scapula - tro- 
 chUerien, Petit sus-scapulo-trochiterien (Ch.), is 
 situate in the fossa supra-spinata. It is elon- 
 gated, thick, and triangulai, and is attached, on 
 the one hand, to the two inner thirds of the fossa 
 supra-spinata ; and terminates, on the other, at 
 the anterior part of the great tuberosity of the 
 humerus. This muscle raises the arm. 
 
 Supra -Spino'sa Ligamen'ta, Supra -spinal 
 lig'aments, are two in number. 1. The Dorso- 
 lumho-supra-spinal ligament, (F.) Ligament sur- 
 epineux dorso-lomhaire, extending above the spi- 
 nous processes of the dorsal and lumbar vertebrte 
 from the 7th cervical as far as the median crista 
 of the sacrum. 2. Cervieal-supra-tpinal ligament, 
 (F.) Ligament-sur-epineux cervical, which ex- 
 tends above all the cervical spinous processes, 
 and is attached, above, to the outer occipital pro- 
 tuberance. 
 
 SUE, Supra. A French prefix, signifying 
 * above.' 
 
 SURA, Gastrocne'me, Gastrocne'mia, Gastroc- 
 ne'mium; calf of the leg, (F.) Mollet, Gras de 
 Jamhe. The projection, formed at the posterior 
 part of the leg by the gastrocnemii muscles. 
 Also, the fibula. 
 
 SURCILIER, Corrugator supercilii, Superci- 
 liary. 
 
 SUROOSTAUX, Supracostales. 
 
 SURCULI FELLEI, Fori biliarii, 
 
 SURCULUS, Ramusculus. 
 
 SURDENT (¥.), supra, 'above,' and dens, 'a 
 t*)0th.' When a milk-tooth does not fall out at 
 the period of the second dentition, but is merely 
 ♦breed to one side by the new tooth, it is called a 
 aurdent. 
 
 SURDITAS, Cophosis, Deafness. 
 
 SURDITE, Cophosis, Deafness. 
 
 SURDOMUTITAS, Deaf-dumbness. 
 
 SURE ATI COJfjrUA'', Sambucus. 
 
 SURELLE, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 SUREPTNEUX, Supra-spinatus. • 
 
 SUR-EXCITATION, see Excitement, and Su- 
 per-excitation. 
 
 SURFEIT, Coliea erapulosa. 
 
 SURGEON, Chirur'geon ; old French, Surgien, 
 Chiro'nax, Chirur'gus, Vul'nerum med'icus, Chei- 
 ria'ter, Ohiria'ter, Pdtrus, ( F.) Chirurgien, from 
 'j(^ctp, ' the hand,' and cpyov, ' work.* One who prac- 
 
 tises surgery. The surgeon, says Celsus, ought 
 to be young, or, at all events, not advanced in 
 life. His hand must be steady, expert, and never 
 tremulous: he must use the rigbt or left with 
 equal facility : his sight must be clear and pene- 
 trating : his mind intrepid; and although un- 
 moved when he proceeds to operate, he must not 
 be in haste, nor cut less than is necessary, but 
 finish his operation, as if the cries of the patient 
 made no impression upon him. 
 
 In the middle ages, the Universities of Italy 
 and Spain sent out educated surgeons, as well as 
 physicians, under the name chirurgi-pihysici. 
 
 SURGEON-APOTH'ECARY. One who unites 
 the practice of surgery with that of the apothe- 
 cary. A general practitioner. 
 
 SURGEON-DENTIST, Dentist. 
 
 SUR'GEONCY. The office of a surgeon. 
 
 SUR'GERY, Chirur'gia, Chiriatri'a,Cheirix'i», 
 Ghi'risis, Chirix'is, Ckiris'mus, Metacheirix'is, 
 Metachi'risis, lletachiris'mus, Tracta'tio mnnua'- 
 ria, Medici' na operati'va, Medici' yia ef'ficax, (F.) 
 Chirurgie. The part of the healing art which 
 relates to external diseases ; their treatment ; 
 and, especially, to the manual operations adapted 
 for their cure. Also, the ofiice of a surgeon. 
 
 Surgery, Anaplastic, Morioplastice — s. Au- 
 toplastic, Morioplastice — s. Dental, Dentistry. 
 
 Surgery, Mil'itary, (F.) Chirurgie militaire, 
 is that which relates to the operations to be per- 
 formed on the field of battle, or subsequently ; — 
 with the attention to be paid to the wounded, &e. 
 
 Surgery, Op'erative, is termed Aciur'gia, 
 Acur'gia, and Acidur'gia, (F.) Medecine operu- 
 toire. 
 
 Surgery, Plastic, Morioplastice. 
 
 SUR'GICAL, Chirur'gicus, (F.) Chirurgical, 
 Chirurgique. That which relates to surgery ; as 
 surgical anatomy, surgical operations, surgical 
 instruments, <fec. 
 
 SURG /EX, Surgeon. 
 
 SURIN AMINE, see Geofi'rsea Surinamensis. 
 
 SUR-IRRITATIOX, see Irritation. 
 
 SUROXYGEXESES. A name given by 
 Baumes to diseases attributed by him to super- 
 abundance of oxygen. 
 
 SURE E A U, Epidermis. 
 
 SURRECTA ALBA, Ranunculus flammula. 
 
 SUR-REXAL, Supra-renal. 
 
 SURROGATUM, Succedaneum. 
 
 SURSELS, see Salt 
 
 SUR TO UTS LIGA3IEXTEUX DE LA 00- 
 LOXXE VERTEBRALE, Vertebral ligaments. 
 
 SURVMPE (S.) A disease to which the tra- 
 veller in the Cordilleras is liable. It consists of 
 a violent inflammation of the eyes, caused by the 
 reflection of the bright rays of the sun. The eyes 
 become highly inflamed, and the lids swell and 
 bleed. The pain is intense, and frequently in- 
 duces delirium. — Tschudi. 
 
 SUR VIE, Survivorship. 
 
 SURVI'VORSHIP, (F.) Survie, from super- 
 vivere, (super, and vivere,) (F.) survivre, 'to livo 
 longer.' In legal medicine, this word means the 
 probability that any individual has survived 
 others in an accident, which has been fatal to all. 
 This is often an important question, connected 
 with the inheritance of property, and on which 
 physiology can rarely afford more than presump- 
 tive grounds for conclusion. 
 
 SUS, Supra. A French prefix, signifying 
 * above.' ^ 
 
 SUS- A OR OMTO-HUiVERAL, Deltoid. 
 
 SUS-CARPIEX; from sus, (F.) 'above,' and 
 co?7;e, 'the wrist.' Above the wrist. An epithet 
 given by Chaussier to the dorsal artery of the 
 wrist — Artere sus-carpienne — a branch of the 
 ladial. 
 
SUS-tPINEUX 
 
 831 
 
 SUTURE 
 
 SUS-EPINEUX, Supra-spinatus— s. MaxUlo- 
 lahial, Levator anguli oris — s. Maxillo-lahial, 
 grand, Levator labii superioris aljsque nasi — s. 
 Maxillo-lahial moyen, Levator labii superioris 
 proprius — - s. 3Iaxillo-nasal, Compressor naris — 
 «. Omphalodymie, see Somatodymia — s. Optico- 
 epheno-scleroticien, Rectus superior oculi — s. Or- 
 bi'taire, Supra-orbitar — s. Phalangien du pouce, 
 Abductor pollicis brevis — s. Puhio-femoral, Pec- 
 tinalis — s. Seapxdo-troehiterien, le plus petit, 
 Teres minor — s. Scnpxdo-trochiterien, petit, Su- 
 pra-spinatus — s. Spino-scapido-trochiterien, Su- 
 pra-spinatus. 
 
 SUSCEPTIBIL'ITY, Facm suscipiens, (sub 
 or SKS, and capio, ' I take/) * easily taking, or 
 undertaking.' Sensibility, in its most enlarged 
 acceptation. Impressibility. This term, with the 
 epithet nervous, is sometimes used for that in- 
 crease in the moral sensibility which is particu- 
 larly observed in nervous aifections. 
 
 SUSCEPTIO INTESTINORUM, Intussuscep- 
 tion. 
 
 SUSPENDICULUM, Cremaster. 
 SUSPENSA, Enfsorema. 
 SUSPENSOIRE, Suspensory. 
 SUSPENSORIUM, Suspensory— s. Testis, 
 Cremaster. 
 
 SUSPEN'SORT, Suspenso' rius, from suspen- 
 dere, (sub or sus, 'under,' smd pevdere, 'to hang,') 
 * to hang under.' (E.) Suspensoire. That which 
 sustains or suspends. 
 
 Suspensory Bandage, Suspe7iso'rium,is a ban- 
 dage intended to support the scrotum, in cases 
 of disease of the testicle or of scrotal hernia. It 
 consists of a kind of bag, fixed above to a cinc- 
 ture, and retained below by strings passing be- 
 tween the thighs, and fixed to the cincture be- 
 hind. 
 
 SrsPENSOHT Ligament op the Liveh, Ziga- 
 men'tiim suspenso' rium he'pntis, Perpendic' rdum 
 he'patis, is a triangular duplicature of the perito- 
 neum, between the inferior surftiee of the dia- 
 phragm and the upper surface of the liver, which 
 Is continuous with the great falx of the umbilical 
 vein. 
 
 Suspensory Ligament op the Penis is a fibro- 
 cellular fascia, of a triangular shape, which ex- 
 tends from the anterior part of the symphysis 
 pubis to the corpus cavernosum, which it sustains. 
 A similar ligament belongs to the clitoris. 
 
 SUSPENSUM, Enasorema— s. Urin^, Enceo- 
 rema. 
 
 SUSPIRATION, Suspirium. 
 SUSPIRATUS, Suspirium. 
 SUSPIRITUS, Suspirium. 
 
 SUSPIR'IUM, Sus2nra'tio, Suspira'tus, Sus- 
 tnr'itus, from sub or sus, 'under,' and spiro, 'I 
 breathe j' Mygm-us, Mych'mus, Mychthis'mus, Ste- 
 nag'mus, Stenax'ia, Sigh, Suspira'tion, (F.) Soii- 
 pir, A short breathing. A slow, voluntary 
 contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal 
 muscles, the effect of which is to restore the due 
 relation between the circulation and respiration, 
 or to free ourselves from an inconvenient sense 
 of weight felt in the chest, when we are much 
 depressed,— a weight, which appears to be chiefly 
 dependent on* the functions of the heart being 
 disturbed through the moral influence. The sigh 
 differs from the sob : — the latter being involun- 
 tary and spasmodic. Sighing, occurring in fevers 
 to a great extent, indicates considerable depres- 
 sion. When accompanied with a vocal sound, it 
 constitutes a groan. 
 
 Suspip.iUM (jARDiActTM, Angina pectoris. 
 SUSTENTACULUM, Aliment. 
 _ SUSTENTATOR CLITORIDIS, Erector clito- 
 ridis — s. Penis, Erector penis. 
 SUSURRATION, Whispering. 
 
 SUSURRUS, Bourdonnement : — s. Aurium, 
 Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 SUTELA, Suture. 
 
 SUTERBERRY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum. 
 
 SUTORIUS, Saitorius. 
 
 SUTTER, Saccharum. 
 
 SUTURA ABDOMINALIS, Gastroraphy — 
 s. Areualis, Coronal suture — s. Eiparietalis, Sa- 
 gittal suture — s. Clavata, Suture, quilled — s. 
 Corporis callosi externa, see Raphe — ■ s. Cranii 
 squamosa. Squamous suture — s. Dentata, see 
 Suture — s. Frontoparietalis, Coronal suture — s. 
 Jugalis, Sagittal suture — s. Lambdoidalis, Lamb- 
 daid suture — s. Limbosa, see Suture — s. Lepi- 
 doides, Squamous suture — s. Mendosa, Squa- 
 mous suture — s. Notha, see Suture — s. Obeltea, 
 Sagittal suture — s. Ossium Spuria, Harmony — 
 s. Prora3, Lambdoid suture — s. Punctata, Suture, 
 common — s. Puppis, Coronal suture — s. Rhab- 
 doides. Sagittal suture — s. Serrata, see Suture, 
 Sagittal suture — s. Vera, see Suture. 
 
 SUTURAL, Sutura'lis / same etymon as the 
 next. Relating to a suture. 
 
 SUTURE, Sutu'ra, Sute'la, Arme, Ehaplie, 
 from suere, sutum, 'to stitch;' Dove-tail joint, (P.) 
 Engrenure. A kind of immovable articulation, 
 in which the bones unite by means of serrated 
 edges, which are, as it were, dove-tailed into each 
 other. The articulations of the greater part of 
 the bones of the scull are of this kind. The 
 coronal, lambdoidal, and sagittal sutures are 
 called true sutures, the two temporal are called 
 false sutures, suturce nothee. 
 
 A dentated sttture — Sutu'ra denta'ta — is one 
 in which the processes are long and dentiform, 
 as in the interparietal suture. In a serrated 
 suture — sutu'ra seu syntax' is serra'ta — the in- 
 dentations and processes are small and fine, like 
 the teeth of a saw, as in the suture between the 
 two portions of the frontal bone. In the sutu'ra 
 limbo'sa there is along with the dentated mar- 
 gins a degree of bevelling of one, so that one 
 bone rests on the other, as in the occipito-parie- 
 tal suture. 
 
 Suture, in Surgery, Eha'pthe, means an opera- 
 tion which consists in stitching the lips of a wound 
 to procure their union. The suture was, at one 
 time, largely employed; but, in modern times, 
 its use has been wisely restricted. There are few 
 wounds in which the edges may not be brought 
 together by adhesive plaster appropriately ap- 
 plied. This kind of union, by adhesive plaster 
 simply, has been absurdly termed Suttira sicca 
 or dry suture, in opposition to the Sutura cruenta 
 or suture properly so called. The suture is gene- 
 rally performed with waxed thread and straight 
 or curved needles, according to the arrangement 
 of parts. 
 
 The chief sutures are the interrupted suture, 
 the quilled suture, the glover's suture, and the 
 tioisted suture. 1. The Interrup'ted Suture, 
 (F.) Suture d points se2)ares. Suture entrecoupee, 
 is performed by passing a needle, armed with a 
 ligature, through the lips of the wound previ- 
 ously brought into contact; and then tying the 
 extremities of the thread. The other stitches 
 are made in the same manner. They are sepa- 
 rate or interrupted. It is the suture most com- 
 monly used. 2. The Quilled Suture, Sutura 
 clava'ta, (F.) Suture encJievillee ou emjjlumee ou 
 empennee, Compound Suture, is merely the inter- 
 rupted suture, with this difference, that the liga- 
 tures are not tied over the face of the wound, but 
 over two quills or rolls of plaster, or bougies, 
 which are laid along the sides of the wound. It 
 is used by some surgeons, on account of there 
 being less danger of the stitches tearing out. It 
 is not much employed. 3. The Glover's So- 
 
SWAB 
 
 832 
 
 SYCOSIS 
 
 TUEE, Contin' uecl Suture, Uninterrup' ted Suture, 
 (F.) Suture de Pelletier, Suture en aurget, is exe- 
 puted by introducing the needle iirst into one lip 
 of the wound from within outwards, then into 
 the other in the same way ; and, in this manner, 
 sewing up the whole extent of the wound. It 
 has been chiefly used in wounds of the intestinal 
 canal. It is now rarely employed except for 
 stitching up dead bodies. The common stitch or 
 suture, Sutura puneta'ta, (F.) Suture d points 
 passes, has been used in similar cases. 4. The 
 Rov-AL Stitch or Suture is the name of an old 
 operation for the cure of bubonocele. It con- 
 sisted in putting a ligature under the hernial sac, 
 dose to the abdominal ring, and then tying that 
 part of the sac, so as to render it impervious by 
 the adhesive inflammation thus excited. 5. The 
 Tv/iSTED Suture, (F.) Suture entortillee, is em- 
 ployed, chiefly, to unite wounds of the cheeks 
 and of the free edges of the lips. To perform it, 
 a pin or needle is passed through the edges of 
 the wound, so as to keep them accurately in 
 contact. A piece of thread is then wound accu- 
 rately around the pin, from one side of the divi- 
 sion to the other, in the form of the figure co. 
 The number of pins and sutures must, of course, 
 correspond with the extent of the wound. This 
 is the suture used in cases of harelip. 6. The 
 SUTURE A ANSE, of Le Dran, has only been 
 employed in cases of wounds of the intestines. 
 For this purpose, the edges of the wound are 
 brought together, and as many needles, with un- 
 waxed threads, used as there are to be stitches. 
 Each stitch is then made by passing a needle 
 through the edges ; and all the ligatures which 
 belong to one side of the wound are tied toge- 
 ther, and twisted so as to form a thread, which is 
 fixed externally. 
 
 Suture, Coiipound, Suture, quilled — s. Con- 
 tinued, Suture, glover's — s. Ecailleuse, Squa- 
 mous suture — s. Empennee, Suture, quilled — s. 
 Emplumee, Suture, quilled — s. EncJievillee, Su- 
 ture, quilled — s. Entortillee, Suture, twisted — s. 
 Entrecoupee, Suture, interrupted — s. False, Har- 
 mony — s. Occipiitale, Lambdoid suture — s. Oc- 
 cipito-parietal, Lambdoid suture — s. de Pelletier, 
 Suture, glover's — s. d Points passes, Suture, 
 common — s. d Points separes. Suture, interrupted 
 — s. Sagittal, see Sagittal suture — s. Squameuse, 
 Squamous suture — s. en Surgef, Suture, glover's 
 — s. Superficial, Harmony — s. Uninterrupted, see 
 Suture, glover's. 
 
 SWAIS, from Sax. rpebban, ' to clean with a 
 mop.' A piece of sponge or rag tied to a rod of 
 whalebone or wood, for cleansing the mouth of 
 the sick, or applying remedial agents to deep- 
 seated parts. 
 
 SWADDLING CLOTHES, Swathing clothes. 
 SWAGBELLY, Physconia. 
 SWALLOW, Hirundo — s. Wort, Asclepias 
 vinoetoxicum — s. Wort, orange, Asclepias tube- 
 rosa — Wort, tuberous-rooted, Asclepias tuberosa 
 — s. Wort, white, Asclepias vinoetoxicum. 
 SWALLOW'S NEST, Nidus hirundinis. 
 SWAMP CABBAGE, Dracontium foetidum — 
 s. Dogwood, Petela trifoliata — s. Sickness, Milk 
 sickness — s. Wood, Cephalanthus occidentalis, 
 Dirca palusins. 
 
 SWATHING CLOTHES, Swaddling Clothes, 
 Jncnnab'ula, Fascia, Panni, from Sax. y DeSan, 
 •w bind.' (F.) Maillot. The kind of clothing 
 or bandaging formerly applied to children dur- 
 ing the first year of life. It is now, properly, 
 laid aside, and every freedom allowed to muscu- 
 lar exertion. 
 
 SV/EAT, Sudor — s. Bloody, Sudor cruentus — 
 «. Glands, see Perspiration — s. Boot, Polemo- 
 ulum reptans — s. Scab, Crusta genu equinte. 
 
 SWEATING, Hidrosis— s. Bath, Achicolum— 
 s. of Blood, see Diapedesis, and Sudor cruentus— 
 s. House, Achicolum — s. Plant, Eupatorium per- 
 foliatum — s. Room, Achicolum — s. Sickness, Su 
 dor Anglicus. 
 
 Sweating Sickness, Malwah. A disease 
 which appears to be allied to the worst form of 
 cholera, and to bear a close relation to malignant 
 congestive fever. As its name imports, it occurs 
 in Malwah in India. 
 
 SWEET BITTER, Triostcum— s. Bush, Comp- 
 tonia asplenifolia — s. Fern, Comptonia aspleni- 
 folia — s. Flag, Acorus calamus — s. Pod, Cerato- 
 nium siliqua — s. Root, Aralia nudicaulis. 
 
 SWELLING, Epanaste'ma, Exar'ma, Exoede'- 
 sis, Presis, Prcsma, Oncus, Extumcfac'tio, Tumor, 
 Tumefae'tio, (F.) Enflure, Gonflement, from Sax, 
 j-pellan, (D.) swellen (G.) schwellen, 'to 
 swell.' Morbid increase of bulk in the whole, or 
 a part, of the body. See Tumour. 
 
 Swelling, White, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 SWERTIA CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayitii 
 — s. Difformis, see Calumba — s. Frasera, see 
 Calumba — s. Lutea, Gentiana lutea. 
 
 SWIETE'NIA FEBRIF'UGA, S. So'mida, 
 Soym'ida, S. Fehrif'uga, Feh'ri/uge Swiete'nia, 
 {'¥.) Mahogan febrifuge. Family, MeWa.a&^id. Sex. 
 Si/st. Decandria Monogynia. The bark of this 
 tree, which is a native of the East Indies, and 
 called there llohena Bark, has an aromatic odour 
 and bitter taste. It is tonic and stomachic, and 
 has been used in tntermittents, and in diseases 
 where bitter tonics are indicated. Dose, Qj to 
 ^ij of the powder. 
 
 Swiete'nia Mahog'ani, Cedrus Ilalwg'ani, 
 3faJiogani/ Tree, grows in the West Indies and 
 tropical America, and is possessed of similar pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Swietenia Somida, S. Febrifuga. 
 
 SWIMBLADDER, Airbladder. 
 
 SWIMMING, Natation — s. Bladder, Airblad- 
 der — s. of the Head, Vertigo. 
 
 SWOON, Svncope. 
 
 SWOONING, Syncope. 
 
 SYALADENI"riS, Inflamma'tio glandula'. 
 rum saliva'lium, from cnaXov, ' saliva, a6r;v, ' a 
 gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the salivary glands. 
 
 SYCAMINOS, Morus nigra. 
 
 SYCAMINUM, see Morus nigra. 
 
 SYCE, Fieus, Ficus carica. 
 
 SYCEA, Ficus. 
 
 SYCEPH'ALUS, from aw, 'with,' and KcipaXn, 
 ' head.' A monster having two heads united to- 
 gether. 
 
 SY'CION, avKtov, from cvkov, ' a fig.' A decoc- 
 tion of dried figs. 
 
 SY'CIOS ANGULA'TUS. One-seeded star 
 cucumber, Wild Bry'ony. The roots and seeds 
 of this indigenous plant. Order Cucurbitaceae, 
 are bitter, purgative and diuretic. It is used hi 
 dropsy in the same cases as bryony. 
 
 SYCI'TES, from avKov, 'a fig.' Wine, in which 
 figs have been infused. 
 
 SvciTES, Catorchites. 
 
 SYCOMA, Ficus. 
 
 SYCO'SIS. Same etymon. A tumour of the 
 shape of a fig. Also, a fungous ulcer. A horny 
 excrescence about the eyelids. Dr. Bateman 
 defines it : — an eruption of inflamed but not very 
 hard tubercles occurring on the bearded portion 
 of the face and on the scalp, in adults ,• and 
 usually clustering together in irregular patches ; 
 — Phyma Sycosis, Rose'ola fico'sa. Of this he 
 has given two species: 1. Sycosis Menti, S. barbm, 
 Men' tagra, Menti'go, Varus Men'tagra, Chimcelk, 
 Barber's Itch, (F.) Dartre puatuleuic Pienta</re i 
 
SYCUM 
 
 833 
 
 SYMPHYSEOTOMY 
 
 and, 2. Si/eoais Capil'U, S. Capillh'u. The 
 treatment, in both cases, resembles that for por- 
 rigo favosa. 
 Sycosis, Ficus. 
 SYGUM, Ficiis. 
 SYDERATIO, Sideratio. 
 SYLLEPSIS, Conception. 
 
 SYLLEPSIOLOG"IA, from av\\r,^ig, 'con- 
 ception,' and Xoyoi, ' a description.' The doc- 
 trine of conception. 
 
 SYM, SYN, uvv, 'with, together,' like the cum, 
 con, col, cor, &c., of the Latins. A common 
 prefix. Before h, p, ph, p-i, and m, — si/m, or 
 a-yn, is changed into s7/m or xym, (com;) before 
 c, eh, g, k, and x, into syn or xyn, cvy, |uy, (con ;) 
 before I into syl or xyl, (col ;) before ;• into syr or 
 xyr (cor;) and before s into sy or xy, and sys, (co 
 and cos. 
 
 SYMBLEPHARON, Ankyloblepharon. 
 SYMBLEPHARO'SIS, Concre'tio palpehra'- 
 rum cum hulbo oc'uli, from ovv, 'with,' and 
 /3X£(ia/)ov, ' an eyelid.' A preternatural adhesion 
 between the eyelids ; and especially between the 
 upper eyelid and globe of the eye. 
 Si'MBLEPHATtosis, Ankyloblepharon. 
 SYMBOL, Sym'holum, Okorac'ter, (F.) Carac- 
 iKre, from o-ii/j/3uAAa) {aw, 'with,' and /SuXXw, 'I 
 throw'), ' I compare.' A sign or representation 
 of something else. 
 
 The following are the symbols used in pre- 
 ncriptions : 
 
 JJ, Recipe. See R. 
 gr., Granum, a grain. 
 J3; Scrupulus sen serupulum, a scruple. 
 ^, Drachma, a drachm. 
 i^, Uneia, an ounce, 
 lb. Libra, a pound. 
 TTl, Minimum, a miniva. 
 f.^, Fluidrachma, a fluidraehm. 
 f^, Fluidimcia, a fluidounce. 
 0, Octarixis, a pint. 
 C, Congius, a gallon. 
 SYMBOLE, Commissure. 
 SYMBOLEUSIS, Consultation. 
 SYMBOLISMUS, Sympathy. 
 SYMBOLIZATIO, Sympathy. 
 SYMBOLOGICA, Symptomatology. 
 SYMBOLUM, Sympathy. 
 SYM'MELES, from cw, 'with, and fteXo^, 'an 
 extremity.' Mon'opus. A genus of monsters whose 
 extremities are joined together: Sirens. — L G. 
 St. Hilaire. 
 
 SYMMETRIA, Symmetry'. 
 S Y M M E T ' R I C A L, Symmet'n'ctis, crvftfisTpog, 
 from cvv, ' with,' and jicrpuv, ' to measure.' An 
 ep"thct given to those parts of the body, which, 
 if =eated on the median line, may be divided into 
 two equal, and perfectly like halves ; or which — 
 if situate, the one to the right, the other to the 
 left of this line — have a similar conformation, 
 and a perfectl}' analogous arrangement. 
 Symmetrical Diseases, see Symmetry. 
 SYM'METRY, Symmet'ria, Commen'sum, 3Tem- 
 hro'rum Om'nium Comiieten'tia, Propor'tio. The 
 regularity in form, observed in many parts, situ- 
 ate on the median line ; and, also, the resemblance 
 which exists between many organs that are situ- 
 ate on each side of the median line. Bichat first 
 noticed that this symmetry was confined to the 
 organs of animal life ; as the head, brain, spine, 
 organs of sense, locomotion, Ac. 
 
 It has been afiirmed — and there is evidence in 
 favour of the assertion — to be a law of the ani- 
 mal economy, that, when uninfluenced by dis- 
 turbing agents, all general or constitutional dis- 
 eases afiFect equally and similarly the correspond- 
 53 
 
 ing parts of the two sides of the body. Thix lias 
 been called the Symmetry of Dineanes ; and t*s9 
 resulting diseases are said to he symmetrictd. 
 
 SYMMETRY OF DISEASES, see Symmetry. 
 
 SYMPARATERESIS, Observation. 
 
 SYMPASMA, Catapasma. 
 
 SYMPATHESIS, Sympathy. 
 
 SYMPATHET'IC, Symimth'icvs, SympatJieti- 
 ens, (F.) Sympathique, from a-vv, 'with,' and iraSas, 
 ' suffering.' That which depends on sympathy. 
 S.ympathetic afiections of an organ are those 
 morbid phenomena that supervene without any 
 morbific cause acting directly on it, and by the 
 reaction of another organ primarily afi'ected. 
 Thus, itching of the nose is a sympathetic affec- 
 tion, produced by irritation in the intestinal 
 canal. 
 
 The epithet symp)athet\e is, also, given to dif- 
 ferent nerves. See Trisplanchnic, Pneumogas- 
 trie, and Facial. 
 
 Sympathetic, Great, Trisplanchnic nerve — s. 
 Middle, Pneumogastric. 
 
 Sympathetic Powdep., Pulvis sympathet'icus 
 of Sir Kenelm Digiby, was composed of calcined 
 sulphate of iron, prepared in a particular manner. 
 It was long supposed to be able to cure a wound, 
 if applied to the weapon that inflicted it; or even 
 to a portion of the bloody clothes. It is proper 
 to remark, however, that the wound itself was 
 carefully excluded from the air, and from all irri- 
 tation. 
 
 SYMPATHETICUS MINOR, Facial nerve. 
 
 SYMPATHETISMUS, Sympathy. 
 
 SYMPATHIA, Consent of parts. 
 
 SYMPATHICUS, Sympathetic. 
 . ^'FJ/Pyir/T'/Qf/JS', Sympathetic. 
 
 SYM'PATHY, Sympathi'a, Sympathe'sis, Com- 
 pas'sio, Consensria, Sym2}athetis' intis, Xympathi' a, 
 Conflux'io, Conspira'tio, Commer'cium, Consor'- 
 tium, Jlomoiopathi'a, Homoeth'nia, Adelphix'is, 
 Symholis'mus, Symholiza'tio, Syrd'bolum. The con- 
 nexion that exists between the action of two or 
 more organs, more or less distant from each 
 other; so that the affection of the first is trans- 
 mitted, secondarily, to the others, or to one of 
 the others, by means unknown. A knowledge 
 of the particular sympathies between difi"erent 
 organs throws light on the etiology of diseases, 
 their seat, and the particular organ towards which 
 our therapeutical means should be du-ected. See 
 Irritation. 
 
 SYMPEPSIS, Coction. 
 
 SYMPEXIS, Concretion. 
 
 SYMPHORA, Congestion. 
 
 SYMPHOREMA, Congestion. 
 
 SYMPHORESIS, Congestion. 
 
 SYMPHORICAR'PUS RACEMO'SUS, Snow- 
 berry, An indigenous plant. Order Caprifoliaceas, 
 Tribe Lonicerai, v.-hose berries are large, bright 
 white, and remain till winter; flowering from 
 June to September. The root is tonic and as- 
 tringent, and has been used in ague; and by the 
 Indians in syphilis. 
 
 SYMPHYIA. Symphysis. 
 
 SYMPHYOCEPH'ALUS, Metop'ages, CepTxa- 
 lop'ages, from avjxipvT];, ' united together,' and 
 Kz(pa\ri, 'head.' A monstrosity in which twins 
 are united by the head. 
 
 SYMPHYSEOT'OMY, Symphysot'omy, Syn- 
 chondrot'omy, Symphyseotom'ia, Symphysiotojn'm, 
 from cvfitpvais, and te/jvco, 'I cut.' The operation 
 or section of the Symphysis, Sigaultian operation, 
 Sigaidtian section. This operation is performed 
 with the view of augmenting the diameter of the 
 pelvis, in order to facilitate delivery in certain 
 cases of faulty conformation of that cavity, with 
 wedging of the head of the child therein. To 
 perform the operation, fF.) Df.sy-irpl'yser, the f©- 
 
SYMPHTSIA 
 
 834 
 
 SYNCOPE 
 
 male is placed on her back; the pubes i? sbaved; 
 and, with a strong scalpel, the soft parts are di- 
 vided on the median line. The articulation is 
 then cut. As soon as the fibrous parts, ■which 
 hold the hones together, are divided, they sepa- 
 rate to a certain distance from each other; and 
 the delivery may be accomplished. The knife, 
 with which the operation is performed, is called, 
 by the French, Coitteau symphysien. 
 
 SYMPHYS'IA, from avjjitpvci?, 'a growing to- 
 gether.' A malformation consisting in the union 
 of parts that are usually divided. — Breschet. 
 SYMPHYSIOTOMIA, Symphyseotomy. 
 SYM'PHYSIS, Symphy'ia, Coahscen'tia, Co- 
 al'iiut, from av)x(j>vii> (aw, 'with,' and (j>vij>, 'I 
 grow'), ' I unite together.' A union of bones. 
 The bond of such union. The aggregate of 
 means used for retaining bones in situ in the 
 articulations. The name symphysis has, how- 
 ever, been more particularly appropriated to cer- 
 tain articulations; as to the symphysis pubis, 
 gacro-iliac symphysis, &c. See Monster. 
 
 Symphysis, Coalescence, Commissure, Inser- 
 tion — s. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis — s. Liga- 
 mentosa, Syndesmosis — s. Ossium muscularis, 
 Syssarcosis — ^s. Pubis, Pubic articulation. 
 SYMPHYSOTOMY, Symphyseotomy. 
 SYMPHYTOS, Hereditary. 
 SYM'PHYTUM. Same etymon. Symphytum 
 officina'le seu album seu Bohe'rnicnm, Oonsol'ida 
 ■Miijnr, Comfrey, Alum, Alus, (F.) Grande Con- 
 soude. Family, Boraginese. Sex. Syst. Pentan- 
 dria Monogynia. The roots of this European 
 plant are very mucilaginous, and are employed 
 as emollients. They are used in decoction in 
 hemoptysis, dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, &c. 
 
 Symphytum, Solidago virgaurea — s. Album, 
 Symphytum — s. Bohemicum, Symphytum — s. 
 Minimum, Bellis — s. Minus, Prunella — s. Offi- 
 cinale, Symphytum. 
 
 Syhphy'TUM Petr.e'um, Coris Monspelien'sis, 
 Montpel'lier Coris. An intensely bitter and nau- 
 seous plant, which is said to have been useful in 
 syphilis. See, also, Sanicula. 
 
 SYMPLOCARP'US ANGUSTISPATHA, 
 Dracontium angustispatha — s. Foetida, Dracon- 
 tium foetidum. 
 
 SYMPOD'IA, Monopod'ia, from aw, 'together,' 
 and TTouf, Txoios, 'a foot.' A monstrosity in 
 which there is coalescence of the lower extre- 
 mities. 
 
 SYMPTOM, Sympto'ma, Ac'cidens, Casus, from 
 cvv, 'with,' and -nTuyiia, 'a fall,' from jriTrro), 'I 
 fall.' Any change, perceptible to the senses, in 
 any organ or function, which is connected with 
 morbific infiueuce. It is by the aggregate and 
 Buccession of symptoms that a disease is detected. 
 The term symptom^! of symptoms has been used 
 for the effects which result from the symptoms 
 of a disease ; but which effects are not essentially 
 connected with the disease itself. Thus, the de- 
 bility arising from the frequency of evacuations 
 in dysentery is a symptom of symptoms. See 
 
 ^ SYMPTOMA T UR PIT UD INI S, Nympho- 
 mania. 
 
 SYMPTOMAT'IC, Symptomnf ieus. Thatwhich 
 is a symptom of some other afi"ection. Thus we 
 Fpeak of a symptomatic disease, in opposition to 
 one that is idiopathic. 
 
 S Y M P T M AT L'OG-Y, Symptomntolor/"ia, 
 Symb'd(iff"icri, from av^nrTwfia, 'a symptom,' and 
 Aoyof, 'a treatise.' The branch of patliology, the 
 object of which is the knowledge of symptoms. 
 
 SYMPTO'SIS, from aw, 'with,' and ffiTrru, 'I 
 fall ' TJepressi^m or collapse, emaciation or atro- 
 j by, either of the whole body or of a part. 
 
 SYNiEREMA, Corrugation. 
 SYN^TION, Concausa. 
 
 SYNANCHE, Cynanche, Cynanche tonsillaria. 
 SYNANCIE, Cynanche. 
 SYNAPHYMENITIS, see Ophthalmia, 
 SYNAPTASE, see Amygdalin. 
 SYNARTHRODIA, Synarthrosis. 
 SYNARTHRO'DIAL, Synartlirodia'lis, from 
 aw, 'with,' and ajj&^wan, 'articulation.' That 
 which belongs to synarthrosis ; as Synarthrodial 
 articidation. 
 
 SYNARTHRO'SIS, Synarthro'dia, Abarticti- 
 la'tio, Coarticula'tio. An immovable articulation. 
 Synarthrosis includes three species : Suture, Har- 
 mony, and Gomphosis, 
 
 SYNATHROESIS, Congestion. 
 SYNATHROISMUS, Congestion. 
 SYNCAN'THUS, from aw, 'with,' and KavBog, 
 'the corner of the eye.' A morbid adhesion be- 
 tween the globe of the eye and the orbit. 
 
 SYNCHONBRO'SIS, Sym'physis seu Cop'ula 
 seu Conncx'io cartilagiii'ea, Choitdrosyndesm' us, 
 from aw, ' with,' and x°'^^P°^' ' ^ cartilage.' 
 LTnion or articulation of bones by means of car- 
 tilage : — as the articulations of the ribs with the 
 sternum, by means of their cartilages of prolon- 
 gation. 
 
 SYNCHONDROTOMY, Symphyseotomy. 
 SYNCHRONIUS, Synchronous. 
 SYN'CHRONOUS, Syn'chronus, Synchron'ius, 
 Tsoch'ronoxts, from aw, 'with,' and y(povog, 'time.' 
 That which occurs at the same time. Thus the 
 pulsations of an artery may be synchronous with 
 those of the heart. 
 
 SYNCHRONUS, Synchronous. 
 SYNCHYSIS, Confusion. 
 SYNCIPUT, Sinciput. 
 SYNCLONESIS, Synclonus. 
 SYN'CLONUS, Synclone'sis, from avyKXovto), 
 (aw, ' with,' and kXoveo), ' I shake,') ' I shake to- 
 gether.' Clon'ici tiniversa'les, Clonus, (Young.) 
 Tremulous, simultaneous, and chronic agitation 
 of various muscles, especially when excited by 
 the will. Also, general spasm, spas'mus univer- 
 sa'lis. See Tremor, Chorea, <fec. 
 
 Synclonus Ballismus, Paralysis agitans — s, 
 Beriberia, Beriberi — s. Chorea, Chorea — s. Ra- 
 phania, Raphania — s. Saltans, Chorea — s. Tre- 
 mor, Tremor. 
 
 SYNCOMIS'TUS, from avyKoiii^w, (aw, and 
 Ko/xi^u),) 'I bring together.' Autopj'yros, Punis 
 domes'ticus, secundarius, ciba'rius, confusa'neus. 
 Bread of the whole wheat or of the unsifted meal. 
 Household bread. Also, a cataplasm made of the 
 same. 
 
 SYN'COPAL, Syncopa'lis, Syncop'ticus, Syn- 
 cop'tus. Same etymon as Syncope ; as Syn'copal 
 Fever, Febris Syncojm'lis. A pernicious inter- 
 mittent, characterized by repeated attacks of 
 syncope. 
 
 SYN'COPE, from avyKOTTTui, '1 fall down.' 
 An'imi de/ec'tio, Animi deli'quium,Lc)'popsych'ia, 
 Lipopsych'ia, Apsych'ia, Ajisyx'ia, Lipsis An'imi, 
 Asphyx'ia, Apop)sych'ia, Lipothym'ia, Leipothym'- 
 ia, Fclips'is, Sn'bitns animi casus, Su^oon, Swoon- 
 ing, Fainting, Fainting fit, Faintness, Exolu'tion, 
 ( F. ) Evanouissement, Defaillanee, Pamoison. 
 Complete and, commonly, sudden loss of sensa- 
 tion and motion, with considerable diminution, 
 or entire suspension of the pulsations of the 
 heart and the respiratory movements. Syncope 
 is, commonly, an affection of no consequence; 
 but, sometimes, it is an index of diseased heart. 
 Placing the patient in the horizontal posture; 
 sprinkling cold water over the face, and the ap- 
 plieatiou of volatile substances to the nose, are 
 
SYNCOPTICUS 
 
 835 
 
 SYNOVIAL 
 
 all that will be required during the fit. See As- 
 phyxia, and Suffocation. 
 
 An approach to this condition is termed /a uit- 
 ishness. 
 
 Syncope Angina, Angina pectoris — s. Angi- 
 nosa, Angina pectoris. 
 
 SYNCOPTICUS, Syncopal. 
 
 SYNCOPTUS, Syncopal. 
 
 SYNCRITICA, Astringents. 
 
 SYNDACTYLUS, Asehistodactylus. 
 
 SYNDESMI'TIS, see Ophthalmia. Also, in- 
 flammation of articular ligaments; Inflamma'tio 
 lif/ameiito'riim. 
 
 SYNDESMOG'RAPHY, Syndesmograph'ia, 
 from avvleanoi, 'a ligament,' and ypaiprj, 'a de- 
 scription.' A description of the ligaments. The 
 part of anatomy which describes the ligaments. 
 
 SYNDESMOL'OGY, SijndesmoJog" ia, from 
 mivScaiio;, 'a ligament,' and ^oyoi, 'a treatise, 
 discourse.' A treatise on the ligaments. 
 
 SYNDES'MO-PHARYNGEUS. A fasciculus 
 of the constrictor pharyngis superior. 
 
 SYNDESMOS, Ligament. 
 
 SYNDESMO'SIS, Synneuro'sis, St/nymen'esis, 
 Connex'io seu Sym'physis ligamento' sa, Commis'- 
 su'ra ner'vea, Connerva'tio, Colliga'tio, from cvv- 
 Rtajxaq, ' ligament.' The articulation of tv^o or 
 more bones by means of ligament; — as of the 
 radius with the ulna. 
 
 SYNDESMOT'OMY, Syndesmatoni'ia, from 
 avvhajio?, 'ligament,' and TCfivoi, 'I cut or dis- 
 sect.' Dissection of the ligaments. 
 
 SYNDESMUS, Bandage, Ligament. 
 
 SYN'DROMB, from aw, 'with,' and hpofio^, *a 
 course.' Concur'nus, Concourse. A name given 
 by the Empirical Sect to the union of symptoms 
 ■which takes place in diseases. Syndrome pleiho'- 
 rica, for example, meant the union of symptoms 
 produced by plethora. 
 
 SYNDYASMUS, Coition. 
 
 SYNECHES, see Continued fever. 
 
 SYNECHI'A, from aw, 'with,' and txtiv, 'to 
 have,' or 'to hold.' Adhesion between the iris 
 and transparent cornea, or between the iris and 
 crystalline lens. The former case is called Syne- 
 chia ante'rior: the latter, S. poste'rior. 
 
 SYNENERGIA, Synergy. 
 
 SYNERGIA, Synergy. 
 
 SYNERGTE, Synergy, 
 
 SYN'ERGY, Synergi'a, Synenergi'a, (F.) Sy- 
 nergie; from cruv, 'with,' and spyov, 'work.' A 
 correlation or concourse of action between dififer- 
 eut jrgans in health; and, according to some, in 
 di'^ease. 
 
 SYn'eSIS, Intellect. 
 
 SYNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis. 
 
 SYNEZI'ZIS, Synize'sis, Considen'tia, from 
 (rov, 'with,' and ^zvyvvuv, 'to join.' Parop'sis 
 Synizesis, Cali'go d Synizeai, Caligo Pupil'lcE, 
 Imper/ora'tio pupillcB, Closure or occlu'sion or 
 oblttera'tion of the Pupil, Phthisis Piipil'lcB, 
 Amyo'sis. This disease is sometimes faulty con- 
 formation, depending upon the continued exist- 
 ence of the membrana pupillaris, or the absence 
 of the pupil. It is, in other words, congenital. 
 At other times, it is owing to accident, and su- 
 pervenes on violent ophthalmia, or on the opera- 
 tion for cataract. They who are affected with 
 synezizis are completely blind; — the iris having 
 no central aperture. In certain cases, a remedy 
 may be obtained by making an opening in the 
 iris, which may supply the place of the pupil, 
 and through which the rays of light may reach 
 the retina. This operation is called the operation 
 for artificial pupil. 
 BYNGENES, Hereditary. 
 
 SYNGENICITS. Congenital. 
 SYN HYMENESIS, Synymenesis. 
 SYNIMBNESIS, Synymenesis. 
 SYNIZESIS, Considentia, Synezisis. 
 SYNNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis. 
 SYN'OCHA, from avvix<^, {aw, and sxo>, 'I 
 have or hold,') 'I continue.' In fi am' matory Fe- 
 ver, Dynam'ic Fever, Angiop'yrn, Sthenop'yra, 
 Febris causo'des, F. caumato'des, Fehris deu'rens, 
 F. ardens, Febris contin'ua sanguin'ea, Febris 
 contin'ua non putris, Syn'ochua (Vogel), Fehris 
 acmas'tiea, Synochus impu'tris (Galen,) Fehris 
 acu'ta, F. acu'ta sanguin'ea, F. con'tinens, F. 
 continens non pu'trida, F. angioten'ica, F. stheni- 
 ca, F. sanguin'ea, Homot'onos, F. inflammato'ria, 
 Ene'cia cauma, Enecia, F. ton'ica, Phlogop'yrus, 
 Cauma, Calentwa continua, (F.) Fievre ardente, 
 F. continente inflammatoire, F. sanguine, F. ir- 
 ritative, F. angeiotenique, F. inflammatoire, Gas- 
 tro-enterite intense. General inflammation. A 
 species of continued fever, characterized by in- 
 creased heat ; and by quick, strong, and hard 
 pulse ; urine high-coloured ; disturbance of mind 
 slight. It requires, of course, the most active 
 treatment. 
 
 Synocha Rhetimatica, Ptheumatism, acute — s. 
 Vaccina, Vaccina. 
 
 SYN'OCHAL, Synoeha'lis; same etymon. Re- 
 lating to, or having the characters of, synocha. 
 
 SYN'OCHUS, Ene'cia syn'ochus, Febris lenta, 
 (Linnaeus,) same etymon. Continued fever, com- 
 pounded of synocha and typhus: — in its com- 
 mencement often resembling the former; in its 
 progress, the latter : Ifixed fever. Common con- 
 tinued fever, Syn'ochoid fever. See Continued 
 fever, Fever, and Typhus. 
 
 Synochus, Synocha — s. Biliosa, Fever, gastric. 
 Fever, bilious — s. Catarrhalis, Influenza — s. Icte- 
 rodes, Fever, yellow — s. Imputris, Synocha — s. 
 Miliaria, Miliary fever — s. Varicella, Varicella. 
 
 SYNOLCE, Spasm. 
 
 SYNONIA, Synovia. 
 
 SYNOSTEOG'RAPHY, ;S'y?!OS«eo^m'j9^?'a, from 
 aw, 'with,' oartov, a 'bone,' and Ypa(pb>, 'I de- 
 scribe.' The part of anatomy which describes 
 the joints. 
 
 SYNOSTEOL'OGY, Synosteolog"ia, from aw, 
 'with,' oarcov, 'a bone,' and Xoyos, 'a treatise.' A 
 treatise on the joints. 
 
 SYNOSTEO'SIS, Synosfo'sis, from aw, 'with,' 
 and narecj, 'a bone. Union by means of bone. 
 
 SYNOSTEOT'OMY, Synosteotom'ia, from aw, 
 'with,' oarcov, 'a bone,' and tcjivuv, 'to cut.' 
 Dissection of the joints. 
 
 SYNOSTOSIS, Synosteosis. 
 
 SYNO'VIA, from aw, 'with,' and wov, 'an 
 egg.' 3/ucila'go, Un'guen articula're, Syno'nia, 
 Axun'gia articnla'ris, Unguen'tum seu Smegma 
 articida're, 3/ucila'go articulo'runi senjunctura'- 
 rum, Humor articnla'ris, Hydrarthrua, ffum.orse\l 
 Hu'midum nati'vum seu Gluten articulo'runi (F.) 
 Synovie. A fluid resembling the white of egg, 
 which is exhaled by the synovial membranes 
 surrounding the moveable articulations. Tho 
 synovia has been found, on analysis, to consist 
 of water, a little albumen, soda, chloride of so- 
 dium, phosphate of lime, and — Fourcroy fancied 
 — uric acid. Its use is to lubricate the joints, and 
 the sheaths in which tendons play. 
 
 SYNO'VIAL, Synovia'lis. That which relates 
 to the synovia. 
 
 Synovial Glands, Havers's Glands, Gland'ulee 
 artictda'res, G. Synovia'les, G. Haversia'nce, are 
 the secretory fringes, which float in the interioi 
 of the synovial capsules (see Capsules.) They 
 do not seem to be glandular. They have besn 
 
SYNOVITIS 
 
 836 
 
 SYRINGE 
 
 called Syno'vial Jtm'hricB, (F.) Franges synovi- 
 ales. 
 
 SYNOVI'TIS; from Synovia, and itis, a ter- 
 tQination denotiag inflammation. A term, badly 
 compounded, applied at times to inflammation 
 of the synovial membrane. 
 
 Synovitis Eheumatismalis, Rheumatism, 
 (acute.) 
 
 SYN'TASIS, (TvvTacxig, from awTeivw, {<rvv, and 
 Tui'U), '1 stretch/) 'I strain.' Tension of parts: 
 hence cvvTariKa, are medicines which render parts 
 tense. Syntex'is, on the other hand, means Ool/i- 
 qua'tio, or wasting of the body; from avv-ijKu), 
 ' 1 melt together.' 
 
 SYNTAXIS, Articulation, Reduction, Taxis — 
 S. Serrata, see Suture. 
 
 SYNTECOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
 
 SYNTEGTYCOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
 
 SYNTENO'SIS, from aw, 'with,' and tsvojv, 
 ' a tendon.' A species of articulation in which 
 two bones are joined by means of tendon; as the 
 sesamoid bones with the toes, the rotula with the 
 tibia, &c. 
 
 SYNTERESIS, Prophylaxis. 
 
 SYNTERETICUS, Prophylactic. 
 
 SYNTEXIS, Colliquation, Consumption. 
 
 SYNTHENA. A term employed by Paracel- 
 sus to designate a species of epilepsy, accompanied 
 by cardialgia and tormina. 
 
 SYN'THESIS, Beu'nio, 'composition or 
 putting together,' from aw, and TtSniit, ' I place.' 
 A surgical operation, which consists in uniting 
 pvrts that are divided ; and approximating such 
 as are separated or distant from each other, JRe- 
 11,'nio 2>f(r'«tM»i separata'rum, Syn'thesis of con- 
 tinu'ity, means the union of the edges of a wound, 
 or the approximation of the extremities of a frac- 
 tured bone. Synthesis of contiyu'ity is the reduc- 
 tion of displaced organs ; as in cases of hernia 
 and luxations. 
 
 Synthesis, Composition. 
 
 SYNTHETIS'MUS, same etymon. The ag- 
 gregate of operations and means for reducing a 
 lractu;e, and maintaining it reduced: — compris- 
 iQg ertension, counter-extension, coaptation, and 
 bandrging. 
 
 SYNTRIMMA, Contritio. 
 
 SYl^rXRIPSIS, Contritio. 
 
 SYNTROPHOS, Connutritus. 
 
 SYNULOSIS, Cicatrization. 
 
 SYNULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 SYXUSIA, Coition. 
 
 SY]S.YMWR'E,^l'&,Syn'hyme'nesis,Synime'nesis, 
 from aw, ' with,' and 'v/jltiv, ' a membrane.' Union 
 of bones by membrane, as in the case of the 
 bones of the head in the foetus. 
 
 Synymenesis, Syndesmosis. 
 
 SYPHAR, Peritoneum. 
 
 SYPHILIDES, Syijhili'da, (F.) Dermo-sypM- 
 lides, Dermatosiea veroleiises. Same etymon as 
 Syphilis. The cutaneous eruptions that accom- 
 pany constitutional syphilis are so denominated 
 by the French writers. 
 
 'SYPHILIDIA'TER, Syiihilidia'trua, from Sy- 
 philis, and larpog, ' a physician.' A pox doctor. 
 One who occupies himself in treating syphilis. 
 
 SYPHILID OMANI A, Syphilomania. 
 
 SYPHYLIPHO'BIA; from Syphilis and ^oiiog, 
 'dread/ A morbid dread of syphilis, giving rise 
 to fancied symptoms of the disease : a form of hy- 
 p;>chondriasis. 
 
 SYPH'ILIS, Morhus GaVlicuB, Siphilis, Sy- 
 philis'mus, Cachex'ia venerea, Cachochym'ia Ve- 
 tie'rea, Malum vene'reum, Mor'hua Ital'icus, M. 
 ITispan'icus, Pudeii'dagra, Lues, Me'vium, Lues 
 vens'-^efl, Lues syphilis, Morhus aphrodis' ins, Sy- 
 
 pihiUs venerea, S. maligna, Morhus NeapoUta'nnt, 
 Morhus In'dieus, Patursa, Basilis'cus, Bocb, Sod'- 
 oma GaUo'rum; Venereal, Venereal Disease, Pox, 
 French Pox; (F.) Verole, Maladie venerienne, 
 Mai de Naples, Mai Frani^ais, Maladie de Venus, 
 The etymology of syphilis is unknown. Soiae 
 consider it to proceed from avs, 'a hog;' and 
 others, from ai.(l>oi, — formed, by contraction, from 
 aLTtakog, 'shameful,' 'dirty,' &c. It is an infec- 
 tious disease, communicable by coition, or by the 
 contact of parts that are only lined with a thin 
 epidermis; as the lips, nipple, &c. It generally 
 makes its first appearance by a chancre, followed 
 sooner or later by a bubo. The chancre is a pri~ 
 mary symptom or sore; but there are others 
 which are secondary or constitutional. These 
 are: — ulcers in the throat; copper- coloured 
 blotches on the skin; pains in the bones, nodes, 
 &c. : the last are sometimes termed tertiary phe- 
 nomena. The origin of syphilis is not known. 
 It is believed to have been introduced into 
 Europe from America, at the end of the 15th 
 century [?]. Its progress is extremely variable, 
 as well as its duration, which is often unlimited, 
 if left to itself. Mercury may be esteemed the 
 best remedy, but the disease admits of cure with- 
 out it. Almost every antisyphilitic composition, 
 whose use is attended with success, probably con- 
 tains mercury united with diaphoretics or other 
 medicines. It is generally sufficient to keep the 
 mouth sore for a fortnight for the cure of chancre : 
 for venereal sore throat, and other recent consti- 
 tutional symptoms, eight or ten weeks wUl be 
 required ; and, of course, a longer time, if these 
 symptoms have persisted longer. Sometimes, 
 after mercury has been given for a time, the 
 symptoms continue stationary ; and do not yield 
 until the mercury has been discontinued, and 
 tonics and eutrophics have been administered. 
 The preparations of iodine have been much used, 
 of late, in the revellent treatment of this disease. 
 
 Syphilis Indica, Framboesia. 
 
 Syphilis Pseudo-Syphilis, Lues Syphilo'des, 
 Pseudo-syphilis. A term given to ulcers or other 
 affections that resemble syphilis, but are inde- 
 terminate in their character, — the symptoms 
 being irregular in their appearance, and usually 
 yielding spontaneously, or under the use of tonics, 
 change of air, &c. The condition has not been 
 at all well defined. The Sivvcns, Itadesyge, &c., 
 have been referred to this head. 
 
 SYPHILISMUS, Syphilis. 
 
 SYPHILOG'RAPHER, from syphilis, and 
 ypa<p(a, 'I describe.' A writer on syphilis. 
 
 SYPH'ILOID, Syphiloi'des; froui syphilis, 
 and tidos, ' resemblance.' Resembling syphilis, — 
 as ' a syph iloid aff'ection.' 
 
 SYPHILOM A'NIA, Syi^hilidowa 'nia, — vul- 
 garly. Noddle Pox. A mania, with which some 
 persons are affected, so that they subject them- 
 selves to antivenereal treatment, under the notioa 
 that they are atfected with syphilis. 
 
 SYPlilTA, Somnambulism. 
 
 SYPHOAURICULARIS, Otenchytcs. 
 
 SYPHON, see Siphon. 
 
 SYRIGMOPHO'NIA, from avpiyjiog, 'whist- 
 ling,' and ^lavn, ' voice.' A piping state of the 
 voice. 
 
 SYRIGMUS, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 SYRINGA, Eustachian Tube, Fistula, Syringe, 
 Trachea. 
 
 Symxga Clysjiatica, Syringe, (Clyster.) 
 
 Syrin'ga Vulga'ris, Lilac vulga'ris. Common 
 Lilac. The lea-\-%s and fruit arc bitter and some- 
 what acrid, and have been used as a tonic and 
 antiperiodic. 
 
 SYRINGE, Syr'inx, Syrin'ga, Sipho Siphun'- 
 cuius. Squirt, (F.) Seringue, from avpiy^, 'a pipe.' 
 
SYRINGICIIS 
 
 ssr 
 
 SYRUPUS 
 
 A familiar apparatus through which auy liquor 
 is squirted. 
 
 Viirious forms of syringe are used in medicine 
 and surgery. 
 
 Syringe, Clyster, Syrin'ga cli/smat'ica, Cly- 
 santU'um, (F.) diisopompe. A syringe for ad- 
 ministering clysters. 
 
 Syringe, Cupping, Antlia sanguisuga. 
 
 SYRINGICUS, Fistulous. 
 
 SYRINGI'TIS EUSTA'CHII, Inflammation 
 of the Eustachian tube. 
 
 SYRINGMOS, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 SYRINGODES, Fistulous. 
 
 SYBINGOTOME, Syringot'omus, Syringot'- 
 omum, from o-upiyf, 'a pipe,' 'a fistula,' and ti/xvciv, 
 ' to cut.' A surgical instrument, formerly used 
 in the operation for fistula in ano. It is a bis- 
 touri, concave at its edge, and terminated by a 
 long, flexible, probe-pointed stylet. This stylet 
 or probe was first introduced by the external 
 opening of the fistula into the rectum, whence it 
 was drawn externally through the anus, carrying 
 with it the cutting edge of the instrument, which 
 divided the intermediate parts. The operation 
 for fistula in ano has been called Syrinqotomy. 
 
 SYRINGOT'OMY, Syrmgotom'ia. Same ety- 
 mon as the last. The operation for fistula in ano 
 by incision. 
 
 SYRINX, Eustachian tube. Fistula, Syringe, 
 Trachea — s. Iliera, Vertebral column. 
 
 SYRMAIS'MOS, from avp/jai^w, ' I evacuate.' 
 A gentle evacuation by vomiting or stool. 
 
 SYROP, Syrup — s. d'Ail, Syrupus allii — s. 
 d'Armoise eomjoose, Syrupus aromaticus — s. de 
 Chieoree compose, Syrupus de cichorio compositus 
 ■ — s. des Cinq raeines, Syrupus e quinque radici- 
 bus — s. de Cuiainier, Syrupus de sarsaparilla et 
 sennS, compositus — ■s. d' Ether, Syrujpus cum 
 sethere sulphurico paratus — s. de Gingemhre, Sy- 
 rupus zingiberis — s. de Guimauve, Syrupus althseaj 
 ■ — s. de Longue vie, Mellitum de mercuriali com- 
 positum — s. de Ilercure, Syrupus de mercurio 
 mediante gummi — s. de 3Iitres, Syrupus mori — s. 
 de Nerprun, Syrupus rhamni — s. de Pavots 
 iZaiics, Syrupus papaveris — s. de Pommes com- 
 2}ose, see Syrupus sennse — s. de Quinquina uvea 
 le Vin, Syrupus de kina kina cum vino — s. de 
 Roses j}dles, Syrupus rosse — s. de Roses rouges, 
 Syrupus rosce — s. de Vinaigre, S. aeeti. 
 
 SYPi,UP, Sirup, Syr'upus, Serapi'um, Serape'- 
 nm, (F.) Syvop) ; derived, according to some, from 
 trupu, 'I draw,' and otto?, 'juice;' but more pro- 
 bably, from the Arabic Siruph, Sirah, or Schctrah, 
 which signifies ' a potion.' A saturated solution 
 of sugar in water, either simply, or united with 
 some vegetable or other principle. Syrups, in 
 general, require two pounds of sugar to the pint, 
 and they are judged to be sufiieiently boiled when 
 a portion, taken up in a spoon, flows like oil. 
 In the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, 
 it is directed, that syrups, whose density is not 
 precisely determined by the process, should have 
 the s. g. 1.261, when boiling, and of about 1.319 
 at ordinary temperatures. Syrups should be kept 
 in small bottles in a cool place. They are chiefly 
 used to render medicines palatable. See Syrupus 
 simplex. 
 
 Syrup, see Syrupus — s. of Almonds, Syrupus 
 amygdaias — s. Antiscorbutic, Syrupus antiscorbu- 
 ticus — s. of Buckthorn, Syrupus rhamni — s. of 
 Capillaire, common, Syrupus simplex — s. of Cin- 
 chona with wine, Syrupus de kina kina cum vino 
 — s. of Citric acid, Syrupus acidi citrici — s. of 
 Clove July flower, Syrupus caryophylli rubri — 
 s. of Clove pinks, Sj'rupus Caryophylli rubri — 
 s. of Ether, Syrupus cum £Ethere sulphurico pa- 
 ratus — s. of Five roots, Syrupus e quinque radi- 
 cibus — s. of Garlic, Syrupus allii — s. of Ginger, 
 
 Syrupus zingiberis — s. of Gum Arabic, Sj'rupua 
 acacifE — s. Hive, Syrupus scilla3 compositus — s. 
 of Honey, Mellitum simplex — s. of Iodide of iron, 
 Liquor Ferri iodidi — s. of Ipecacuanha, Syrupus 
 ipeeacuanhse • — s. of Lemon, Syrupus limonis — 
 s. of Marshmallows, Syrupus althajK — s. of Mea- 
 dow saffron, Syrupus colchici autumnalis — s. of 
 Mugwort, compound, Syi-upus aromaticus — s. of 
 Mulberries, Syrupus mori — s. of Orange juice, seo 
 Syrupus aurantii — s. of Orange peel, Syrupus 
 aromaticus — s. of Orgeat, Syrupus amj'gdal^ — 
 s. of Poppies, Syrupus papaveris — s. of Poppy, 
 red, Syrupus rhoeados — s. of Rhatany, Syrupus 
 kramerise — s. of Rhubarb, Syrupus rhej — s. of 
 Rhubarb, aromatic, Syrupus rhei aromaticus — s. 
 of Rhubarb, spiced, Syrupus rhej aromaticus — 
 s. of Safl'i'OD, Syrupus croci — s. of Squills, Syru- 
 pus scilla3 — s. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scillt-e 
 compositus — s. of Succory, compound, Syrupus 
 de cichorio compositus — s. of Tolu, Syrupus tolu- 
 tanus — s. of Vinegar, Syrupus aceti — s. of Vio- 
 lets, Syrupus violfe — s. of Wild cherry bark, Sy- 
 rupus Pruni Virginiante. 
 
 SYRUPUS, S. simplex. 
 
 Syrupus Aca'ci^, Syrup of Gum Arabic, (Aca- 
 cia gij, Saeehar. ^xv, Aq. f^viij. Dissolve tho 
 gum in the water; add the sugar, and strain. 
 Ph. U. S.) A good pectoral syrup. Dose, f^j to 
 
 Syrupus Ace'ti, S. Ac"idi Aeeto'si, Syrup of 
 Vinegar, (F.) Syrop de Vinaigre. [Aceti Oiiss, 
 sacch. pjurif. Ibiiiss. Boil to form a syrup. Ph. 
 E.) It is refrigerant and antiseptic. Dose, fgj 
 to f^ij. 
 
 Syrupus Acidi Acetosi, S. aceti. 
 
 Syrupus Ac"idi Cit'rici, Syrup of Citric Acid. 
 [Acid, citric, pulv. ^ij ; 01. Limon. VC\j.y ; Syrup. 
 Oij. Rub the acid and oil with an ounce of the 
 syrup; add the rest of the syrup, and dissolve 
 with a gentle heat. Ph. U. S.) Virtues the same 
 as those of the Syrupus Limonis. 
 
 Syrupus cum ^'thbre Sulphu'rico Para- 
 tus, Syrup of Ether, (F.) Sirop d'ether. (Very 
 pure sugar, 1000 p.; distilled water, 500 p.; dis- 
 solve in the cold, and strain ; add sulphuric ether, 
 48 p. Shake for five or six days, and draw off 
 the limpid syrup. Ph. L.) Properties like those 
 of ether. 
 
 Syrupus Al'lii, Syrup of Garlic, (F.) Syrop 
 d'ail. (Allii recent, eoncis. §vj, acet. destillaU 
 Oj, sacchar. Ibij. Macerate the garlic in the vi- 
 negar, in a glass vessel, for four days ; then ex- 
 press the liquor and set it by, that the dregs may 
 subside ; lastly, add the sugar to the clear liquor, 
 and proceed in the manner directed for syrup. 
 Ph. U. S.) Use, same as that of garlic. Dose, 
 f^j to f,^iv. 
 
 Syrupus Alth^'jj, Syrup of Ilarshmalloio, 
 Syrupus ex Altha'd, S. de Althmd, S. Althcea 
 officina'lis, (F.) Syrop de Gui')hz,^ve. (AltJiwoB 
 rad. recent, cont. tbss, sacch. pur. Ibij, aquca Oiv: 
 Boil the root in the water to one-half, and press 
 out the liquor; when cold, defecate; add the su- 
 gar, and boil. Ph. L.) Emollient and demul- 
 cent. Dose, f^j to fgiij- 
 
 Syrupus Amomi Zingiberis, S. zingiberis. 
 
 Syrupus Aiiyg'dal^, Syrup of Almonds, Sy- 
 rup of Orgeat, Orgeat. (Amygdal. dulc. Ibj, 
 aniygdal. amar. ^iv, aqua, Oiij, sacchar. R)vj. 
 Blanch the almonds, and rub them in a mortar 
 to a very fine paste, adding, during the tritura- 
 tion, three fluidounces of the water, and a pound 
 of the sugar. Mix tlie paste thoroughly with the 
 remainder of the water; strain with strong ex- 
 pression ; add the remainder of the sugar to the 
 strained liquor, and dissolve it with the aid of a 
 gentle heat. Strain the syrup through fine linen, 
 and having allowed it to cool, put it jjito boUlss 
 
STRUPUS 
 
 838 
 
 STRUPUS 
 
 which miist he well stopped, and kept in a coal 
 place. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 SyrtjPus Anticausoticus, see Antieausodic. 
 
 SyrfpuS Antiscorbu'ticcs, <S'. de Armora'cid 
 covipositus, Antiecorhu'tic Syrxi^i. ( Leaves of 
 cochlearia, huckhean, icater-cresses, horse-radish 
 root and hitter oranges, each R)j, cinnamon, ^iss. 
 Cut, and pour on white icine Ibiv. Macerate for 
 two daj's ; distil over Oj in a sand-bath ,• add to 
 this of sugar, ibij, and form a syrup. Again, 
 take what remains ia the cucurbit: pass it 
 through cloth ; let it rest; decant, and add s^ffjrar 
 Rij ; make into a syrup, and clarify with wliite 
 of egg. Mix it with the first while yet warm. 
 Ph. P.) Antiscorbutic, alterative, tonic, stoma- 
 chic, &c. Dose, f^ij to f^ij. 
 
 Steupus Ap.Omat'icus, S. de Artemis'id com- 
 positiw, CoinpoKnd Syrup of Jlxigwort, (F.) Syrop 
 d'armoise comjiose. [7'ops of artemisin vulgaris, 
 in flower, .^vj, inula root, ligusticum levisticum, 
 Had fennel, each ^ss, pennyroyal, catmint, savine 
 leaves, each §vi, marjoram, hyssop, piyrethrum, 
 rue, basil, each ^iij, aniseed and cinnamon, each 
 SJix ; bruise and macerate in hydromel Ibxviij ; 
 distil over Oss ; add to this a pound of sugar. 
 Again, take the liquid that remains in the cucur- 
 bit, strain it gently ; and add sugar 9iiy. Then 
 mix the two. Ph. P.) Tonic, emmenagogue, &c. 
 
 SyRCPrs DE Armoracia Compositus, S. anti- 
 scorbuticus — s. de Artemisia compositus, S. anti- 
 scorbuticus — s. Asparagi, see Asparagus. 
 
 Syrupus Auran'tii, S. Aurantio'rum, S. Citri 
 Aurantii, S. Cor'ticis Aurantii, S. Aurantii Cor- 
 ticis (Ph. U. S.), ;S'. e Cortic"ibus Aurantio'rum, 
 S. de Cortice Aurantio'rum, Syrup of Orange 
 peel. (^Aurant. cort. eont. ^ijj aq. ferv. Oj, sacch. 
 ftijss. Macerate the peel in the water for twelve 
 hours. Add the sugar. Ph. U. S.) Stomachic. 
 Dose, f^j to f 5ij. 
 
 A Syrup of Orange Juice, Orange Sherbet, Sy- 
 rupus e succo Aurantiorum, may be made by add- 
 ing ichite sugar ftij to ft)j of the juice of oranges, 
 strained and clarified. 
 
 Syrupus Balsamicus, S. toltitanus. 
 
 Syrcpus Caryophyl'li Ecbri, S. Dianthi 
 GarynphyUi, Syrup of Clove July flower, Syrup 
 of Clove Pinks, Syrujnis infusio'nis forum cary- 
 ophyllo'ruin. (Petalorura dianth., caryoph. re- 
 cent, unguibus resectis ibj, aqua bull. Oiv, sacch. 
 purif. Itjvij. Ph. E.) Aromatic. 
 
 Syrupus Cassi.e Sexx.e, S. sennee. 
 
 Syrupus de Cicho'rio Compos'itus, S. de 
 Jiheo, Compound Syrup of Succory, (F.) Syrop de 
 chicoree compose. (Poot of succory §vj, leaves 
 of succory gix, leaves of fumitory and scolopen- 
 drinm, each ^iij, Alkekengi berries ^ij. Boil in 
 water Oxiv to Oxij : pass through cloth, and dis- 
 solve in ichite sugar Ibv. Boil till it has the con- 
 sistence of syrup. Again, take water Oviij, rhit- 
 harh ^v}, yellow sanders and cinnamon, each ^^ss. 
 Infuse for twenty-four hours : pass through linen, 
 and add the preceding syrup. Ph. P.) It is 
 laxative and stomachic. Dose, f3j to f^ss. 
 
 Syrupus Cinchoxjs cum Yi^o, S. de kina kinS, 
 Dum vino. 
 
 Syrupus Cixcho'xi^, Syrup of Cincho'nia. 
 {Simple syrup one pound; sulpjhate of cinchonia 
 nine grains. Mix.) Six spoonfuls are commonly 
 Buffieient to arrest an intermittent. 
 
 Syrupus Citri Aurantii, S. aromaticus. 
 
 Syrupus Col'chici Autumna'lis, S. Colchici, 
 Syru]} of Meadow Saffron. (Pad. colch. autumn, 
 recent, ^j, acidi acetosi f^xvi, sacch. pur. ^xxvj. 
 Macerate the root in the vinegar for twe days, 
 occasionally shaking the vessel; then strain, with 
 gentle expression, T^ me strained fluid add the 
 Bugar, and boil to a syrup. Ph. E.) Diuretic, 
 antiarthritic. Dose, f^j to f^ss, or more. 
 
 Syrupus Corticis Aurantii, S. aromaticu? — 
 s. Citri medicuB, S. limonum — s. e Succo citro- 
 num, S. limonum. 
 
 Syrupus Croci, Syrup of Saffron. [Croci 
 stigmat. ^], aqucB fervent. Oj, sacch. purif. Ibiiss. 
 Ph. L.) Cardiac. Chiefly used for colouring. 
 
 Syrupus Diacodion, Diacodion — s. Dianthi 
 Caryophylli, S. caryophylli rubri. 
 
 Syrupus Emeti'x^, Syrup of Em' etine. (Sim- 
 ple syrupW}, emetine 16 gr.) In small doses, ex- 
 pectorant; and in large, emetic. 
 
 Syrupus Empyreumaticus, Melasses — s. Ferri 
 iodidi. Liquor Ferri iodidi — s. Hydrargyri, Syru- 
 pus de mercurio mediante gummi — s. Infusionis 
 florum caryophyllorum, Syrupus caryophylli rabrL 
 
 Syrupus Ipecacuax'h^, Syrup of Ipecacuan- 
 ha. [Tpjecac. in pulv. crass. 5J, alcohol, dilut. Oj, 
 sacchar. Ibiiss, aqua q. s. Macerate the ipecacu- 
 anha in the alcohol for 14 days, and filter. Eva- 
 porate the filtered liquor to 6 fluidounces, again 
 filter, and add sufficient water to make the liquid 
 measure a pint; add the sugar, and evaporate by 
 a water-bath to a proper consistence. Ph. U. S,) 
 It may also be prepared by displacement. 
 
 Syrupus de Jalap' a, Syrup of Jalap. [Pulv. 
 JalapxeJ^x, sem. coriandr.,fcenicul. dulc. aa ^ss ; 
 aqum f5xijss, sacch. ^xxv. Ph. P.) Cathartic 
 Dose, fjij to f^ss for children. 
 
 Syrupus de Kina Kina cum Vino, ^S". Cincho' 
 na cum vino, Syrapi of Cinchona with wine, (F.) 
 Syrop de quinquina avecle vin. (Cort. cinchona 
 officinalis §ij, ext. cinchona 3^'j) ^'*'"* ^^^^^ ( Vin- 
 Lunel. vel cujusvis ei similis,) Oj, alcohol (s. g. 
 .985, to .015.) f,^j, sacchar. alb. Ibiss. Bruise 
 the cinchona; gradually add the alcohol, so as 
 to form a soft mass ; pour on the wine ; macerate 
 for two days, and strain. Dissolve the extract, 
 add the sugar, and make a syrup. Ph. P.) Dose, 
 fgss to fgj. 
 
 Syrupus Krame'ri^, Syrup of Rhatany. [Ext. 
 Kramer, ^ij, aqua Oj, sacchar. Ibijss. Dissolve 
 the extract in the water, and filter; then add the 
 sugar, and form into syrup. Ph. U. S. It may 
 also be made by displacement from Kramer, in 
 pulv. crass, Tbj, sacchar. Ibiiss; aq. q. s.) An 
 adjunct to astringent mixtures ; or given in diar- 
 rhoea, a tea-spoonful to a child. 
 
 Syrupus Lijionis, S. Limonum — s. Succi limo- 
 nis, S. limonum. 
 
 Syrupus Limo'num, <S'. limonis, (Ph. U. S.) S. 
 citri med'ica, S.e succo citro'niim, S. e succo limo'- 
 num, S. succi limo'nis. Syrup of Lemon, Lemon 
 Syrup. [Limon. succ. colat. Oj, sacchar. B>ij.) 
 Cooling, antiseptic. 
 
 Syrupus e Meconio, S. papaveris — s. de 
 Melle, Mellitum simplex. 
 
 Syrupus de Mercu'rio Median'te Gummi, 
 3Iercu' ri us gummo'susPlenck' a, Syrupus Hydrar'- 
 gyri, (F.) Syrop de mercure ou Mercure gommeux 
 de Plenck. [Hydrargyri j^ur. ^j, p. gum. aca- 
 cia, 3i'j> syi'vp diacod. §ss. Kub together till 
 the mercury is extinguished. Ph. P.) Possesses 
 the properties of the blue pUl. Dose, gr. ij to 
 viij, or more. 
 
 Syrupus Mori, S. e succo moro'rum, S. succi 
 mori. Syrup of Jful'berries, (F.) Syrop de m&res, 
 [Jlori succ. colat. Oj, sacchar. purif. "Sijj. Ph. Z.) 
 Gratefully refrigerant. 
 
 Syrupus e Succo Mororum, S. mori. 
 
 Syrupus MoRpn'i.« Aceta'tis, Syrup of ace- 
 tate of morjjhia. [Syrup, one pint, acetate of 
 morp)hia, gr. iv.) Dose, two tea-spoonfuls, as an 
 opiate. It is about the strength of the same 
 quantity of syrup of poppies. 
 
 Syrupus Morfhije Sclpha'tis is made in the 
 same way. 
 
 Syrupus Xiger, Melasses. 
 
 Syeupus Papat'eris, S. pa2)averis somniferi^ 
 
STEUPUS 
 
 839 
 
 STRUPTJS 
 
 S. papaveris alhi, S. e meco'nio, S. de meconio, 
 Siaco' (lion, Si/rup of poppies, (P.) Syrop de pa- 
 vots blaiics ou diacode. [Pojiav. capsid. exsiccat. 
 et contus. exemptis seminibus, ^xiv, sacch. pur. 
 \hi}, aq. feive7}t. cong. ijss. Macerate the cap- 
 sules in water for 12 hours ; boil to a gallon, and 
 express strongly. Boil the liquor to Oij ; and 
 strain while hot. Defecate by rest, and boil to 
 Oj, adding the sugar so as form a syrup. Ph. L.) 
 One ounce contains about one grain of opium. 
 Anodyne and demulcent. 
 
 The Dublin college has a Struptts Opii, called 
 Common Syrup of Poppies, which is made by dis- 
 solving 18 grains of the Watery Extract of Opium 
 in 18 ounces of boiling water. Properties, those 
 of opium and syrup. 
 
 Syrupus de Papavere Erratico,'S. rhoeados 
 — s. de Pomis compositus, see S. sennse. 
 
 Syrdpds Prote^, see Protea mellifera. Syru'- 
 pus Pruni Virginia'nce, Syrup of Wild cherry 
 bark. (Pruni Virginia, in pulr. crass, ^v, sac- 
 char. Ibij, Aqum q. s. Moisten the bark with 
 water; let it stand for 24 hours; transfer it to a 
 percolator; pour water gradually upon it, until a 
 pint of filtered liquor has passed. Add the sugar 
 in a bottle, and dissolve by agitation. Ph. U. S., 
 1851.) Dose, as a demulcent expectorant, f^j 
 to f^iij. 
 
 Syrupus Qui'nIjE, Syrup of Qninia. [Simpile 
 syrup, 2 pints, sulphate of quinia, 64 grains.) Six 
 spoonfuls are commonly suflB.cient to arrest an in- 
 termittent. 
 
 Syrupus e Quinque Radi'cibus, Syrup of five 
 roots, (F.) Syrop des cinq racines. [Bad. apii, 
 fienicidi, apii petroselini, aa ^y. Infuse for 24 
 hours in boiling water Oiiss, and strain. Bad. 
 anparag., rnsci aculeati, aa ^v, aqua, Ovij. Boil 
 and reduce to half; adding, towards the end, the 
 residue of the preceding infusion. Boil again for 
 some minutes ; strain, and add u-Jiite sugar, Ibvj. 
 Ph. P.) Aperient and diuretic. Used in obstruc- 
 tions of the liver, spleen, and mesentery ; and in 
 dropsy, &c. Dose, f ^ss to f 5J, or more. 
 
 Syrupus RnAsrsi, S. Bhamni cathar'tiei, S. de 
 Spina, cervi'nd, S. spiincB cervi'nm, Syrup of Buck- 
 thorn, (F.) Syrop de nerpirun. [Bhamn. bacear. 
 Bucc. recent. Oiv, zingih. rad. concis., pimentce 
 baec. contrit., aa ^ss, sacch. jiurif. Ibiiiss. Defe- 
 cate the juice for .3 days, and strain. To a pint 
 of this, add the ginger and pimento; macerate for 
 4 hours, and strain ; boil what remains to Oiss. 
 Mix the liquors and add sugar, so as to form a 
 s.yrup. Ph. L.) Cathartic, but apt to gripe. Dose, 
 f Jiv to f^^ij. 
 
 Syrupus Rhej, Syrup of Bhubarb. {Bhei, in 
 pulv. crass, ^ij; Alcohol, Oss ; Aqum Oiss; sac- 
 char. Ibij. Jilx the alcohol and water; pour f^iv 
 on the rhubarb, mixed with an equal bulk of sand, 
 and allow the whole to stand four hours ; put the 
 mass into a percolater, and gradually pour on the 
 remainder of the alcohol and water. By means 
 of a water-bath, evaporate to f^xiij; add the 
 sugar, and make a syrup. Ph. U. S.) Dose to 
 a child, as a laxative, one or two teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Syrupus PuHej Aromat'icus, Aromatic Syrup 
 of Bhubarb, Spiced Syrup of Bhubarb. {BheJ, 
 cont. ^iiss; C'aryophyl. cont., Cinnam. cont. aa 
 §ss; Jfyrist. cont. ^iy. Alcohol, dilut. Oij; Syrzip 
 Ovj. Macerate the rhubarb and aromatics in the 
 diluted alcohol for 14 days, and strain ; then, by 
 means of a water-bath, evaporate the liquor to a 
 pint, and while still hot, mix with the syrup pre- 
 viously heated. Ph. U. S.) It may also be made 
 by the process of displacement. 
 
 The aromatic syrup of rhubarb is a gentle car- 
 minative cathartic. Dose to a child, f ^j ; to an 
 adult, f Jj. 
 
 Syrupus de Rheo, Syrupus de Cichorio com- 
 positus. 
 
 Syrupus Rhce'ados, S. de papav'ere errat'icn, 
 S. papaveris erratici. Syrup of Bed Poppy, (F.) 
 Syrop de coquelicot. [Bhcead. petal, recent, ibj, 
 aq. fervent, f ^xviij, sacch. pnrif. Ibiiss. To the 
 water, heated in a water-bath, add the petals. 
 Remove the vessel; macerate for 12 hours; ex- 
 press ; defecate, and add sugar to form a syrup. 
 Ph. L.) Chiefly used to give colour. 
 
 A factitious syrup is often made of aloes, dis- 
 solved in simple syrup. 
 
 Syrupus Rosje, Syrupus rosa'rum soluti'vus, 
 S. e i-osis siccis, S. roscB centifo'lim, S. rosa'ceus 
 soluti'vus. Syrup of Boses, (F.) Syrop de roses 
 p)dles. [BoscB centif. petal, exsicc. ^vij, sacch. 
 purif. ibvj, aq. fervent. Oiv. Macerate the petals 
 for 12 hours. Evaporate the strained liquor to 
 tbiiss. Add the sugar. Ph. L.) Gently laxative. 
 Dose, f^ij to f ^iss, or more. 
 
 Syrupus Ros^ Gal'licje, Syrup of Bed Boses, 
 (F.) Syroj:) de roses rouges. (Boscs Gallic, petal. 
 exsicc. ^vij, aqum bull. Ov, sacch. purif. Ibvj ; 
 prepared like the last. Ph. E.) Mildly astrin- 
 gent. Added to stomachic infusions. 
 
 Syrupus Sacchari, S. Simplex. 
 
 Syrupus Sarsaparil'LjE, Syrup of Say-sapa- 
 7-illa. (Bad. Sarsap. cont. Ibj, aqum buJlient. 
 cong., sacch. piurif. ibj. Macerate the root for 24 
 hours; boil to Oiv. Strain while hot; add the 
 sugar, and boil. Ph. L.) Used in the same casps 
 as the root. Dose, f ^j to f^i^j and more. 
 
 Syrupus de Sarsaparil'la et Senxa Com- 
 POS'lTUS, Compound Syrvp of Sarsaparilla and 
 Senna, (F.) Syrop de Cuisinier. (Bad. Sarsap. 
 concis. Ibij. Infuse for 24 hours in warm xcater 
 Oxij ; boil for a quarter of an hour; pass with 
 expression, and boil again the residuum in Ox of 
 water. Reduce this to Ovj, and repeat the ope- 
 ration 2 or 3 times. Mix all the liquors and boil 
 them together with /7o?ce)-s of borage, ichite roses, 
 senna leaves and aniseed, each §ij; reduce to half, 
 pass, and add Aoiie?/ Ibij. Boil to a syrup. Ph.P.) 
 It is considered to be alterant, depurative, and 
 sudorific. Dose, f^ss to f^ij- 
 
 A similar syrup, under the name Syrupus 
 Sarsaparil'LjE Compos'itus, Compound Syrup 
 of Sarsaparilla, is directed in the Pharmacopoeia 
 of the United States. (Sarsaparill. cont. Ibij ; 
 Lign. guaiac. rasur. ^iij ; Bosm centifol., Sennm, 
 Glycyrrhiz. cont. aa gij; 01. Sassafras, 01. Anisi, 
 aa m. v. ; 01. Gatdtherim m. iij ; Alcohol, dilut. 
 Ox. ; Sacchar. Ibviij. Macerate the sarsaparilla, 
 guaiacum wood, roses, senna, and liquorice root 
 in the diluted alcohol for 14 days ; express and 
 filter. Evaporate the tincture in a warm bath to 
 four pints ; filter, add the sugar, and form into 
 syrup. Lastly, having rubbed the oils with a 
 small quantity of the syrup, mix them thoroughly 
 with the remainder. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 It may also be made by the process of dis- 
 placement. 
 
 Syrupus de Scammo'nio, Syrup of Scam'mony. 
 (Pulv. Scammon. ^ss, sacch. alb. ^iv. alcohol. 
 (s. g. .985 to .915) f^viij. Heat the mixture 
 moderately : then set fire to the alcohol with a 
 lighted taper; agitate constantly, until the flame 
 is extinguished. Sufi"er it to cool : pass through 
 cloth, and add Syrup of Violets, f^iv. Ph. P.) 
 3J contains 18 grains of scammony. Dose, f 5J 
 to f^ss. 
 
 Syrupus Scill^e, S. sciUtt'icus, S. scillm ma- 
 rit'imm, Syrup of Squills. (Acet. scillm. Oj, sacch, 
 fliij.) Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic. Used 
 in the same cases as the oxymel. 
 
 Syrupus SciLLyE CoifPOs'iTus, 3Tei SctUm 
 Compositnm, Compound Honey of Squill, Coth^ 
 pound Syrup of Squill, Hive Syrnp. (Scilla 
 
SYRUPUS 
 
 840 
 
 SYZYGIUM 
 
 cont. ; Senef/cB cont. aa §iy; Ant.im. et Potassm 
 Tart. gr. xlviij ; Aqum Oiv ; Sacchar. ftiiiss. 
 Pour thg water upon the squills and seneka, and, 
 having boiled to one-half, strain and add the 
 sugar. Then evaporate to three pints, and while 
 the syrup is still hot, dissolve in it the tartrate 
 of antimony and potassa.) 
 
 It may also be made by the process of dis- 
 placement. Ph. U. S. 
 
 It is often given as an emetic in cases of croup, 
 and in catarrh, especially in children. Dose, to 
 infants, 10 drops to a drachm, repeated every 15 
 minutes, if vomiting be desirable. 
 
 Syrupus Se's'egje, Syrvp of Seneka. {Senega 
 cont. ^iv; Aqva Oj ; Sacchar. Ihj. Boil the wa- 
 ter with the seneka to one-half, and strain; then 
 add the sugar, and form into S3'rup. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 It may also be formed by the process of dis- 
 placement. Ph. U. S. 
 
 This is a favourite stimulant expectorant (?) 
 with many practitioners. Dose, f ^j or f ^ij- 
 
 Syrdpus Sexst^, S. cassicB sennm, Syrup of 
 Senna, {Sennm ^ij, sem. fosnicid. cont. ^], eacch. 
 jnir. §xv, aqua buUient. Oj. Macerate the senna 
 leaves and fennel-seeds with a gentle heat for an 
 hour. Strain ; add the sugar, and make into a 
 syrup. Ph. U. S.) Cathartic. Dose, f^ij to 
 f ^iss, or more. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has a Syrupus de Senna of 
 a compound character, called Syriqnis de i^omis 
 compos' itus, (F.) Syrop de pommes compiose. It 
 contains, also, borage, bugloss, &c. Dose, f^ss 
 to fgij. 
 
 Syrupus SnrPLEX, Syrupus (Ph. U. S.), S. 
 Sac'chari, Sac'charnm clarijica'tum, Liqua'rium, 
 Simple Syrup, Syrup, Common syrvp of captillaire. 
 {Sacch. punf. B)iiss, aquce Oj. Dissolve the sugar; 
 set aside for 24 hours ; remove the scum, and pour 
 off the clear liquid.) Used to cover nauseous 
 tastes, &c. 
 
 Syrupus de Spina Ceevina, Syrupus rhamni 
 — s. de Stoechade communis, see Lavendula. 
 
 Syrupus Toluta'nus, S. Toluta'ni, S. toluif- 
 ercB hal'eami, S. halsam'icus, BnJsam'ic syrup, 
 Syrup of tolu. {Tinct. Tolut. f^iss; Aqua Oj ; 
 Sacchar. Ibiiss. Mix the tincture with the sugar 
 la coarse powder; expose it on a shallow dish to 
 a gentle heat, until the alcohol has evaporated ; 
 pour the water upon it; heat gradually until the 
 sugar is dissolved, and strain. Ph. U. S.) Use — - 
 to give flavour. 
 
 Syrupus Vi'oLjE, S. viola odora'ta, S. viola'- 
 rum, S. e succo viola'rum, Syrup of Violets. {Flor. 
 recent, viol, odorat. ftiij, aq. hull. Oviij, sacch. pur. 
 Bjxv. Macerate, in a covered vessel, for 24 hours; 
 pass, without expression, through linen ; add the 
 sugar so as to form a syrup. Ph. E.) Very 
 gently laxative. Dose, f^j to f§ij. 
 
 Syrupus e Succo Violardm, S. violee. 
 
 SyPvUPUS Zixgib'eris, S. amo'mi zingiheris, Sy- 
 fiip of Ginger, (F.) Syrop) de gingemhre. {Tinct. 
 Ztngih. f^iv; Aqua Oiv; Sacchar. Itjx. Mix the 
 tincture with four pounds of the sugar in coarse 
 powder; and expose it in a shallow dish to a 
 gentle heat until the alcohol has evaporated. 
 Add the rest of the sugar, and then the water in 
 R covered vessel; heat graduallj' until the sugar is 
 dissolved, and strain. Ph.. U.S.) To the strained 
 liquor add the sugar, and form a syrup. 
 
 N. B. The Parisian Codex contained a few 
 vUx't compound syrups besides those enume- 
 
 rated; amongst these is a Syrup of calf's lungs, 
 Syrupus e pulmon' ihus vituli'nis, (F.) Syrop de 
 mou de veau, as an expectorant. 
 
 These syrups are made according to the usual 
 rule, and possess the virtues of the substances 
 after which they are named. 
 
 SYSPA'SIA, from cvcr7ra<ji, {cvv, and ciraoi, '1 
 draw,') ' I contract.' Clonic spasm, with dimi- 
 nished sensibility and inability of utterance. A 
 genus in Good's Nosology, which includes con- 
 vulsion, epilepsy, and hysteria. 
 
 Syspasia Convulsio, Convulsion — s. Epilep- 
 sia, Epilepsy — s. Hysteria, Hysteria. 
 
 SYSSARCO'SIS, from aw, 'with,' and aap^, 
 'flesh.' Connnissu'ra ossinm car'nea, Symp)h'ysis 
 ossium muscula'ris, Connex'io ossium corno'sa, (Jar- 
 na'tio, Concarna'tio. Union of bones by means 
 of muscles; such as the union of the os hyoides 
 with the lower jaw, of the scapula with the ribs, &c. 
 
 SYSTALCIS, Systole. 
 
 SYSTAL'TIC, Systal'ticns, Peristal' tic ; from 
 cvareWij}, {cvv, and cTiXXia,) 'I contract.' A sys- 
 taltic motion in a part is one in which there is 
 alternate contraction and dilatation. See Systole. 
 
 SYSTAT'IC.4, from (rwiarrini, {aw, and laTtjfit, 
 ' I place,') ' I associate.' Diseases aiFecting seve- 
 ral or all of the sensorial powers simultaneously; 
 irritation or inertness of mind, extending to the 
 muscles, or external senses; or of the muscles, 
 or external senses, extending to the mind; — the 
 4th order, class Neurotica, of Good. 
 
 SYSTEM, Syste'ma, from aw, ' together,' and 
 larrini, '1 place.' This word, taken in a good 
 sense, means the collection and arrangement of 
 different matters having an analogy to each other, 
 or working towards the same end. In natural 
 history, it means a methodical arrangement of 
 beings for the purpose of facilitating their study. 
 System is, however, sometimes used in an unfa- 
 vourable sense in physical science, and often 
 means, — a purely gratuitous supposition, by 
 which the march of nature is attempted to be 
 universally explained, and to which every thing 
 is made to bend. In anatomy, system is an as- 
 semblage of organs, composed of the same tissues, 
 and intended for similar functions ; for instance, 
 the nervous system, muscular system, i'C. 
 
 SYS'TEMATISM. A method, according to 
 which ever}^ fact of a science is collected around 
 an opinion, true or false. One who reduces things 
 to such a method is called a Sys'tematist. 
 
 SYS'TEMATIST, see Systematism. 
 
 SYSTEMATOL'OGY, Systematolog"ia, from 
 avarriiia, ' sj'stem,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The 
 doctrine or a treatise of systems. 
 
 SYSTEME VASCULAIPE A SANG NOIR, 
 see Vascular — s. Vascidaire d sang rouge, see 
 Vascular. 
 
 SYSTEMIC. Belonging to the general sys- 
 tem — as 'systemic circulation' in contradistinc- 
 tion to the ' j)ulmonic.' 
 
 SYS'TOLE. Same etymon as Systaltic; Sys- 
 tal'sis, Constric'tio. Contrac'tioscxx Angustn'tio seu 
 Suhmissio seu dlica'tio cordis. The movement 
 of constriction or contraction of the heart, to give 
 impulse to the blood, or to cause its progression. 
 It is opposed to the Diastole of the organ. 
 
 SYS'TOLIC, Systol'icus ; same etymon. Re- 
 lating to the systole of the heart, — as 'systo'io 
 murmur.' 
 
 SYZYGIUM NERVORUM, Par nervoruia. 
 
841 
 
 TABES 
 
 T. 
 
 T Ba^jdage, T. fas'cia, Fas'cia T. formis seu 
 Heliodo'ri, Cru'cial Bandage. A bandage shaped 
 like the letter T. It consists of a strip of linen, 
 of variable length and breadth, the middle of 
 ■which is attached, at right angles, to the extre- 
 mity of another strip, also of variable length and 
 breadth. When two such strips are attached, at 
 a distance from each other, the bandage is called 
 a double T. This bandage is used, principally, 
 for supporting the dressings after the operation 
 for fistula in ano, in diseases of the perinEeum, 
 groin, anus, &c. 
 
 T Fascia, T Bandage. 
 
 TAB AC, Jficotiana tabacum — t. des Savoyards, 
 Arnica montana — t. des Vosges, Arnica montana. 
 
 TABACUM, Nicotiana tabacum. 
 
 TABARZET, Saccharum album. 
 
 TAB'ASHEER, Tahaschir, Tahax'ir. A sub- 
 Stance found in the knots of the bamboo, in the 
 East Indies, as a consequence of a morbid condi- 
 tion of the part. It is distinguished for its great 
 proportion of silicic acid, in combination with a 
 small quantity of mineral and vegetable matters ; 
 as well as for its slight refractive property. It 
 has been used in obstruction of the bowels. The 
 sweet juice of the bamboo stalks has also been 
 called Tabasheer. 
 
 TABEFACTION", Emaciation. " 
 
 TABEFY, Emaciate. 
 
 TABEL'LA, Tab'ula, Tabida'him, Lozan'ga, 
 Lozan'gia, Mor'snlus, Iforsel'his, a lozenge; Tes- 
 eel'la, (F.) Tablette, 'a, small table.' A solid 
 medicine, composed of a powder, sugar, and mu- 
 cilage ; and generally shaped like a disk. See 
 Pastil, and Troch. 
 
 Tabella, Table. 
 
 TABELLiE ABSORBENTES, T. de Mag- 
 nesia. 
 
 Tabella Ac"idi Oxal'ici, T. ad sitem, Lo- 
 zenges of Oxalic Acid. [Acid, oxalic. ^, saech. 
 alb. 3^ss, ol. limonis, gtt. xviij vel gtt. xij. Make 
 into lozenges with mucilage of gum tragacanth. 
 Ph. P.) Lozenges are made in the same way 
 •with the citric and tartaric acids. They are re- 
 frigerant. 
 
 Tabella de Alth.e'a, Lozenges of Marsli- 
 malloros. (Bad. althcBCB, pulv., ^iss, saeehar. alb. 
 pulv. ,^ ivss ; f. massa. Ph. P.) Demulcent; ex- 
 pectorant. 
 
 Tabellj]; Antdionia'les Kuxcke'lii, Talella 
 de stib'ii sidphiire'to, Lozenges of Sulph'nret of 
 Ant'imon}/, ilor'suU aniimonia'les, 3f. stibii, if. 
 stibia'ti, Trochis'ci stibiati. [Amygdal. dulc. ^], 
 sacch. Ibss, sem. cardan)., cinnam. jjulv., sidjih. 
 anlim, prapar., aa §j ; fiant tabella;. Ph. P. 
 Each to weigh 10 grains.) Recommended in 
 cutaneous diseases, blennorrhagia, arthritic pains, 
 &c. Dose, 4 or more. 
 
 Tabellj3 ad Ardoreh Ventriculi, Troehisci 
 carbonatis calcis — t. Cardialgicse, Troehisci car- 
 bonatis calcis. 
 
 Tabell.e de Cat'echu et Magne'sia, Lo- 
 zenges of Catechu and 3Iagnesia, (F.) Tablettes de 
 cachou et de magnesie. (P. catech. ^vj, p. magn.es. 
 5iv, p. cinnam. ^iij, saceJi. alb. Ibss, g. trngao. 
 gT. xij, aq. cinnam. q. s. ut f. massa. Ph. P. 
 Each to weigh 12 gr.) Antacid, absorbent, and 
 stomachic. Dose, 5 to 10 lozenges. 
 
 TabelLyE Cincho'n^, T. de kind l-ind, Bark 
 Lozenges. (Ext. cinchon. sice, ^ss, sacch. ^iv, 
 tin nam. ^ss, mucilag. g. trag. q. s. ut f. massa. 
 Ph. P.) Tonic. 
 
 Tabell.e de Citro b: D-4.oi5THA.MG> T. d« 
 
 Scammonio et Senna. 
 
 TabelLyE de Perro, SteeZ lou-^ng-s, Tahida 
 martia'les, T. instauran'tes, T. antiehlorof'iece. 
 (Ferri Umat. porphyriz. ^ss, p. cinnam. ^j, p. 
 sacch. ^v, g. trag. et aq. cinnam. q. s,, tit fiat 
 massa. Each lozenge to weigh 12 gr. Ph. P.) 
 Tonic, stomachic. Dose, v to x. 
 
 Aromatic lozenges of steel. These consist of 
 sulphate of iron, with a small proportion of the 
 Tincture of Canfharides. 
 
 Tabella deKina Kina, T. cinchonse. 
 
 TabelLvE de Magnesia, T. absorben'tes, Mag- 
 nesia lozenges. (Magnes. ^j, sacchar. alb, ^iv, 
 mucil. g. tragac. q. s. Ph. P.) Absorbent and 
 antacid. 
 
 ^ Tabell.e de Rheo, Rhubarb lozenges. (P. rhej 
 gss, sacch. ^v, mucilag. gum. tragac. q. s. j f. 
 massa. Each to contain 12 grains. Ph. P.) 
 Stomachic and laxative. 
 
 Tabell.e de Scamsig'nio et Senna Compos'- 
 IT.E, Compound lozenges of scammony and senna, 
 T. de citro et diacar'thamo. (Scammon. ^'U' 
 Senna 3'^^^' ^^y'- o'^s?. caryoph. ^j, corticia 
 limon. confect. ^j, sacch. ^vj ; f. massa. Ph. P.) 
 Purgative. Dose, ^ij to ^vj, or more. 
 
 Tabell.e ad Sitem, T. aeidi oxalici — t. ad 
 Sodam, Troehisci carbonatis calcis — t. de Stibii 
 sulphurcto, T. antimoniales Kunckelii. 
 
 TABELLiE DE Sttl'phure Sur'pLiCES, Simple 
 sulphur lozenges. (Sulphur lot. ^ss, sacch. 5iv, 
 mne. g. tragac. cum aqua rosa praspar. q. s. Ph, 
 P.) Expectorant, demulcent, &c. Used in dis- 
 eases of the chest, and in cutaneous affections. 
 Dose, a lozenge. 
 
 Tabell-E de Sulph'urb Compos'itjE, Com- 
 piound sulphur lozenges. (,S'«?jjA. lot. ^ij, acid, 
 benzoic, gr. xij, rad. irid.p. qSS, ol. anisi, gtt. 
 viij, sacch. .^vss, g. trag. q. s. Ph. P.) Aperient, 
 expectorant, and stimulant. (?) Dose, 4 a dav. 
 
 TABERN.i MEDICA, Pharma copolium. ' 
 
 TABES, Maras'mus Tabes, Tabum, Tab'idness, 
 from tabere, 'to consume;' Te'Icedon, Atroph'ia, 
 Decline. Emaciation of the whole body, with 
 general languor, hectic fever, and, for the most 
 part, depressed spirits. 
 
 Tabes, Atrophy, Phthisis — t. Coxaria, Ischio- 
 phtbisis — t. Diabetica, Diabetes mellitus — t. Di- 
 uretica.. Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 Tabes Dorsa'lis, T. Dorsna'lis, Maras'mus 
 tabes dorsa'lis, Phthisis no'tias seu dorsa'lis seu 
 sicca, 3/yelophthi'sis, Myelatro2}h'ia, Tabes ossis 
 sacri. By this term is meant a wasting of the 
 body, attended at first with a pain in the back or 
 loins, and afterwards in the neck or head, — 
 caused, it has been conceived, by too early or toe 
 frequent addiction to venery. 
 
 Tabes Glandularis, T. mesenterica, Scrofula 
 — t. Ischiadica, Ischiophthisis — t. Lactea, Atro- 
 phia lactantium, see Galactia. 
 
 Tabes Mesenter'ica, Atroph'ia mesenter'ica, 
 Atroph'ia Infant'um, A. glandula' ris, A. infanti'- 
 lis, A. dorsi, Parabys'ma mesenter' icum, Ma'cies 
 Infan'tum, Pcedatroph'ia, Tabes glandula'ris, T. 
 Scrofulo'sa, Scrofula, mesenterica, Bachial'gia 
 mesenterica, Miielop)hthi'sis sicca, Eebris hec'ticd 
 infan'tum, Phthisis mesara'ica, Physco'nia me- 
 senterica, Mesenter i'tis, Mesenier'-ic Pisease, (P.^ 
 Carreau, Chartre, Scrofules ou Ecrouelles mesen- 
 teriqiies, Etisie mesenterique, liachicdgie mesente- 
 rique. Atrophic mesenterique, Physeonic mesentt- 
 rique, Entero-meseiiterite, Tubercles des gangliuiut 
 mescnteriq^ues, Phthisic mesentiriq^ue. An 0D« 
 
TABESCERE 
 
 842 
 
 TAENIA 
 
 g<irgement and tubercular degeneration of the 
 mesenteric glands, followed by emaciation and 
 general disorder of the nutritive functions. The 
 disease is often owing to inflammation or irrita- 
 tion of the lining membrane of the intestines, 
 giving occasion to enlargement of the glands of 
 the mesentery, — as injury to the upper or lower 
 extremities causes inflammation, and enlargement 
 of the lymphatic glands of the axilla and groin. 
 It occurs, particularly, in children of a scrofulous 
 diathesis ; and in those who are weaned too early, 
 or fed on indigestible substances. Diarrhoea, 
 emaciation, anorexia, or immoderate appetite ; 
 hardness and swelling of the abdomen ; and, to- 
 wards the end, hectic fever, are the chief symp- 
 toms of this affection ; the prognosis of which is 
 usually unfavourable. On opening the bodies of 
 those who die of the disease, the mesenteric 
 glands are found disorganized, tubercular, or in 
 a more or less advanced state of suppuration. 
 The treatment is the same as in scrophulosis. 
 Frictions may be added over the abdomen and 
 spine ; and mercury, in small doses, so as to ex- 
 cite a new action in the system. The food must 
 be easy of digestion, and the bowels be kept 
 soluble. 
 
 Tabes ^utricum. Atrophia lactantium, see 
 Galactia — t. Ossis sacri. Tabes dorsalis — t. Pec- 
 torea, Rachitis — t. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmona- 
 lis — t. Scrofulosa, T. mesenteriea — t. Senum, Ma- 
 rasmus senilis. 
 
 TABESCERE, Emaciate. 
 
 TABID, Tab'idus, (F.) Tahide. Same etymon 
 as Tabes. Relating or appertaining to tabes. 
 Wasted by disease. 
 
 TABIDNESS, Tabes. 
 
 TABLE, Tab'ula, Tahell'a, Tahula'tum, Lam'- 
 ina, Paries, Squama. A name given to the 
 plates of compact tissue, which form the bones 
 of the cranium. Of these, one is external; the 
 other internal, and called Tab'ula vi'trea, on ac- 
 count of its brittleness. 
 
 TABLES BE MORTALITE, Mortality, 
 bills of. 
 
 TABLET, Trochiscus. 
 
 TABLETTE, Tabella. 
 
 TABLE TIES BE GACHOU ET BE MAG- 
 NESTE, Tabellaj de catechu et magnesia. 
 
 TABLIEll, Ventrale cutaneum. 
 
 TABOURET, Thlaspi bursa. 
 
 TABULA, Tabella, Table. 
 
 Tabclje Antichlorotic^, Tabellte de ferro — 
 t. Instaurantes, Tabellaj de ferro — t. Martiales, 
 TabelL-e de ferro. 
 
 TABULATUM, Tabella, Table. 
 
 TABUM, Ichor, Sanies, Tabes. 
 
 TAC, Influenza. 
 
 TACAMAHACA, Eagara octandra — t, Ca- 
 ragna, Caranna. 
 
 TACHE, Macula. 
 
 TACHE EMBRYONNAIRE, 'Embryonic 
 spot;' Cu'mulus, Ger'minal cu'mulus, Cu'mulns 
 qerminati'vus seu 2^>'olig"eru8, A'rea (jerminati'va, 
 J)[a'cleu8 cicatric'ulcB seu blastoderm' atis. A name 
 given by M. Coste to a spot seen on the blasto- 
 derma about the end of the first week, from 
 ■which the development of the embryo proceeds. 
 
 According to Bischoff, the blastodermic vesicle 
 consists here of a double laj'er — the upper one 
 the serous or animal ; the lower, the mucous or 
 vegetative; and between these is afterwards 
 formed the vascular layer. 
 
 TACHE GERMINATIVE, see Molecule — «. 
 de Natbsanee, Naevus. 
 
 TACHBNCAUSIS, Combustion, human. 
 
 TAOHES HEPATIQUES, Chbasma. 
 
 TACHES LAITEUSES, Plaq^uea laileuaes, 
 
 'milky spots or patches.' "White spots occasion- 
 ally seen on the heart, and regarded by many 
 pathologists as the results of previous pericarditis, 
 
 TACHES BE ROUSSURE, EpheUdea — t. 
 Rouges, Spots, Red. 
 
 TACHYIA'TER, TacJiyiatrus. Same etymon 
 as the next. One who cures speedily. 
 
 TACHYIATRI'A, from Tu^t-'f, 'quick,' and 
 la-pua, ' healing.' The art of curing quickly. 
 
 TACH'YTOMT, Tacky tom'ia, from rax«S, 
 'quick,' and TOj^r], 'incision.' The art of cutting 
 or operating rapidly. 
 
 TACITUR'NITT, Tacitur'nitas,S;ge, 'silence, 
 from tacere, 'to be silent.' 'State of a person 
 who does not speak.' Morbid taciturnity some- 
 times exists as a symptom of the neuroses, espe- 
 cially of melancholy. 
 
 TACT, Tactus, from tangerc, facfitm, 'to touch.' 
 A modification of the sense of touch. Passive 
 judgment by the cutaneous nerves regarding bo- 
 dies exterior to the skin. Tact is passive : Touch, 
 active. 
 
 TACTILE, Tac'tilis; sl^me etymon. Relating 
 or appertaining to touch. 
 
 TACTION, Touch. 
 
 TACTUS, Tact, Toucn— t. Dolorificus, Hapto- 
 dysphoria. 
 
 T.^DA, BcBs, Sai;. A term used for a medi- 
 cine employed under the form of fumigation, pes- 
 sary, or troch. 
 
 TyE'jSTIA, Te'nia, Fas'cia, from raivia, 'a fillet, 
 a riband.' See Bandage. Also a genus of intes- 
 tinal worms, characterized by an elongated, flat- 
 tened, and articulated body, with four suctorial 
 oseula on the head- Of this genus, two only in- 
 habit the human body — the Tcenia lata, (see Bo- 
 thriocephalus latus,) and Tcenia solium. 
 
 T^xiA AcEPHALA, Bothriocephalus latus — t. ct 
 Anneaux courts, Bothriocephalus latus — t. & An- 
 neaux longs, Tffinia solium — t. Articulos dcmit- 
 tens, Taenia solium — t. Cucurbitina, Tasnia solium 
 — t. Dentata, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Grisea, 
 Bothriocephalus latus — t. Hippocampi, Corpora 
 fimbriata — t. Humana armata, Tsenia solium — t. 
 Humana inermis, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Ily- 
 datigena. Hydatid — t. Lata, Bothriocephalus 
 latus — t. d Longues articulations, TaBnia solium — 
 t. Membranacea, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Ner- 
 vosa Halleri, Ganglion of Gasser — t. Non arme, 
 Bothriocephalus latus — t. Osculis lateralibus ge- 
 minis, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Osculis laterali- 
 bus solitariis, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Osculis 
 marginalibus solitariis, Tfenia solium — t. Osculis 
 superficialibus, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Prima, 
 Bothriocephalus latus — t. Sans epine, Taenia so- 
 lium — t. Secunda, Tosnia solium. 
 
 TAENIA Semicircula'ris, T. striata, Gem'inum 
 centrum semicircida're, Limbus jjoste'rior cor'po- 
 ris stria'ti, StricB cor' nea seu semiluna'res seu 
 termina'les, Franulum novum. Fascia semicircu- 
 la'ris, (F.) Bandeleite des eminences pyrifomea 
 (Ch.), Bandelette, B. demicirculaire, Lnine cornSe. 
 A medullary, grayish, semitransparent layer, situ- 
 ate in the groove that separates the thalamus op- 
 ticus from the corpus striatum in the lateral ven- 
 tricle. 
 
 TvENIA So'LIUJr, T. os'culis marginal' ihns soli- 
 ta'riis, Teenia cucurbiti'na, TcBuia huma'na ar- 
 ma'ta, Hal'ysis solium, Vermis cucurhiti'nus, 
 Lumbri'cus latus, Tenia sans epine, Tcenia arti- 
 culos demit'tens, So'linm, T. secunda, Tenia H 
 longues articulations. Tenia a anneaux- longs, Yer 
 solitaire, Y. cucurbitain. Long Toiie Worm, has 
 an almost hemispherical, discrete head : an ob- 
 tuse beak ; the ne<,k full anteriorly* : all the joints 
 slightly obtuse, the anterior very short ; the next 
 almost square, and the rest oblong; the marginal 
 
T^NIJS 
 
 843 
 
 TAP3AE FA 
 
 foramina vaguely alternatecl. The tajnia solium 
 is commonly a few feet long: sometimes its 
 length is enormous. It is said to have been met 
 Tfith 600 feet long. It principally inhabits the 
 small intestines, and is not common. The oil of 
 turpentine, in some form, largely exhibited, is 
 perhaps the best remedy. 
 
 TyExiA Striata, T. semicircularis — t. Tarini, 
 Lamina cornea — t. Tenella, Bothriocephalus latus 
 — t. Vulgaris, Bothriocephalus latus. 
 
 T^NI^ COLI, see Colon. 
 
 TjE'NIAFUGE, TcBniaf'vgum, from tcetvia, 
 and fugo, '1 drive oflV A remedy calculated to 
 expel tasnia. 
 
 T^ENIOLA, Bandelette. Used by Gerber for 
 a simple, band-like, or flat fibre, Filum tcBiiia- 
 forme, seen under the microscope. 
 
 TAFFETAS AGGLUTINATIF, Sparadra- 
 pum adhajsivum — t. d' Angleterre, see Sparadra- 
 pum adho3sivum — t. Fpispastique, Sparadrapum 
 vesicatorium — t. Gomme, see Sparadrapum ad- 
 hajsivum — t. Vesicant, Sparadrapum vesicato- 
 rium. 
 
 TAFIA, Rum. 
 
 TAILLADE, Incision, see Entaille. 
 
 TAILLE, Lithotomy — t. Hypogasfn'qve, Hy- 
 pogastric operation of lithotomy, see Lithotomy 
 — t. Par le rectum, see Lithotomy — t. Postenenre, 
 see Lithotomy- — t. Becto-vesicale, see Lithotomy 
 ■ — t. Sus-puhienne, see Lithotomy. 
 
 TAKAMAHAKA, Fagara octandra. 
 
 TAL. A word formerly employed for alkali. 
 It also meant the dung of the peacock. 
 
 TALC EARTH, Magnesia. 
 
 TALCUM NEPHRITICUM, Nephreticus 
 lapis. 
 
 TALEN'TUM, Tn\avTov. An ancient weight 
 equal to 5-4 pounds, 2 oz., 5 dr., and 24 grains 
 Poids de 3[arc. See Weights and Measures. 
 
 TALEOLUS, Malleolus. 
 
 TALIACOTIAN OPERATIOlSr, Rhinoplastic. 
 
 TALINUM UMBELLATUM, see Mistura. 
 
 TALIPES, Kyllosis (Clubfoot) — t. Equinus, 
 see Kyllosis — t. Valgus, see Kyllosis — t. Varus, 
 ■ see Kyllosis. 
 
 TALON, see Caleaneum. 
 
 TALPA, ' a mole.' Tojihia' ria, Tuphia'ria, 
 Talpa'ria, Testu'do, (F.) Taupe. A tumour situ- 
 ate on the head, which has been supposed to 
 burrow like a mole. 
 
 TALPARIA, Talpa. 
 
 TALUS. Astragalus, Malleolus, see Caleaneum. 
 
 TAMARA CONGA, Averrhoa carambola, 
 
 TAMAR.EA ZECLA, Tamarindus. 
 
 TA3IARIN, Tamarindus. 
 
 TAMARIN'DI PULPA, Pulp of tamarinds, 
 (Tamarinds, q. s. Digest them with a small 
 quantity of water, until they become of a uniform 
 consistence; then separate the seeds and fila- 
 ments, by pressing through a hair-sieve. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 TAMARINDS, PULP OF, Tamarindi pulpa. 
 
 TAMARIN'DUS, T. In'dica, Thamarindus, 
 Oxiphcenicon, Sil'iqua Arah'ioa, Balampul'li, 
 TamarcB' a zecla, Oxyphoeni'cia, Aca'cia Indica, 
 Tamarind tree, (F.) Tamarin. Family, Legu- 
 minos£e. Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia. The pulp 
 of the tamarind with the seeds connected by nu- 
 merous tough strings, is exported from the West 
 Indies, preserved in syrup, — Tamarindus, (Ph. 
 U. S.) It is refrigerant and laxative. Tamarind 
 vihey is made by boiling ^ij of the pulp "with Ibiss 
 of milk. When strained, it is used as a diluent 
 in fever. 
 
 TAMARISCUS, Tamarix GalHca. 
 
 TAM'ARIX, T. Gal'lica, T. Pentan'dra, Ta- 
 maris'cus. The Tamarisk tree. Family, Portu- 
 lacese. Sex. Si/et. Pentaudria Pentagynia. The 
 
 bark, wood, and leaves were formerly employerl 
 medicinally; — the former for its aperient and 
 corroborant virtues, in obstructions of the liver; 
 the latter in icterus, heemoptysis, and some cu- 
 taneous afl'ections. 
 
 TAMBOUR, CAVITE BU, Tjnnpanum. 
 
 TAMPA BAY, see Saint Augustine. 
 
 TAMPON, see Plugging. 
 
 TAiVP OA'NEiVENT, Plugging. 
 
 TANACE'TUM, T. vxdga're,Tana'sia,Atliana'- 
 sia, Parthe'nium was. Tansy, (F.) l\inaisie vxd- 
 gaire. Family, Corymbiferas. Sex. Syst. Syn- 
 genesia Polygamia. The leaves and flowers of 
 tansy have a peculiar, strong odour, and warm, 
 bitter taste. They are tonic, deobstruent(?), and 
 anthelmintic. Dose, ^ss to ^j- l^ie infusion is 
 usually drunk as tea. 
 
 Tanace'tum Balsami'ta, Balsami'ta mas seu 
 vulga'ris, B. suaveolens, B. major, Tanacetum Tior- 
 ten'se, Costus Jiorto'rum, Mentha Boma'na seu 
 Saracen'ica, Costmary, Alecost, Cock-mint, (F.) 
 Mentli.e coq, Herhe au coq. Grand Baume. A fra- 
 grant-smelling herb, somewhat resembling mint, 
 and formerly much esteemed as a corroborant, 
 carminative, and emmenagogue. 
 
 Tanacetum Hortense, T. balsamita. 
 
 Tanace'tum Multiflg'rum. A South African 
 plant, which is used as a tonic, antispasmodic 
 and anthelmintic. It is given in flatulenc}', gout, 
 amenorrhcea and dropsy : but is especially pre- 
 scribed in cases of ascarides lumbricoides and 
 other entozoa. It is administered in the form of 
 powder or infusion; the latter acting also, as a 
 diaphoretic and diuretic. It is used likewise as 
 a resolvent and anodyne fomentation. 
 
 TANAISIE VULGAIRE, Tanacetum. 
 
 TANASIA, Tanacetum. 
 
 TANGE, rayyj;, 'rancidity.' A putrescent 
 tumour. 
 
 TANINUM, Tanninum. 
 
 TANNIC ACID, Tannin. 
 
 TANNICUM PURUM, Tannin. 
 
 TANNIN, from (F.) tanner, 'to tan.' Tan'. 
 nictim purum, Tanni'num, Tani'num, Princip'inm 
 adsiringens seu Scytodep'sicum seu Byrsodep'- 
 sicum seu Coria'ceum, Scytodep'sium, Acidum 
 Tnn'nieum, A. Quercitan'nicum, Tannic acidf 
 (F.) Acide tannique. A principle obtained from 
 oak bark and other astringent vegetables, so 
 called from its forming the principal agent in the 
 process of tanning. Pure tannin, obtained from 
 galls, by the action of ether, (see Ph. U. S.) has 
 been eraploj'ed as an excellent and powerful 
 astringent. Dose, two grains repeated several 
 times a day. 
 
 TANSY, Tanacetum — t. Wild, Potentilla an- 
 serina. 
 
 TAPER, HIGH, Verbaseum nigrum. 
 
 TAPE'TUM, Ta'pestry, Tapie'tum cTioro'idea. 
 A shining spot, on the outside of the optic nerve, 
 in the eyes of certain animals, which is owing to 
 the absence of the pigmentum nigrum, occasion- 
 ing the reileetion of a portion of the rays from the 
 membrana Ruyschiana. Its use appears to be, 
 by reflecting the rays, to cause a double impres- 
 sion on the retina, and thus add to the intensity 
 of vision. 
 
 Tapetum, see Corpus Callosum. 
 
 Tapetum Alve'oli, Memhra'na exter'na den'- 
 tium. The outer membrane of the teeth. Tho 
 lining membrane or periosteum of the alveoli. 
 
 TAPEWORM, BROAD, Bothriocephalus latua 
 — t. Long, Taenia solium. 
 
 TAPIOCA, see Jatropha manihot — t. l-earl, 
 see Jatropha manihot. 
 
 TAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbaseum nigruia. 
 
 TAPSARIA, Decoctum hordei. 
 
TAR 
 
 844 
 
 TABTRE BRUT 
 
 TAR, see Plnus sylvestris — t. Barbadoes, Pe- 
 troleum — t. Mineral, Pissasphaltum. 
 
 TAR'ACHE, Tarax'is, Tarag'ma, Taraghniis, 
 'disorder.' A disorder of sight, which arises 
 from a blow, compression of the eye, or the action 
 of dust, smoke or other external cause. By some, 
 It is understood to signify mild or incipient oph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 "tagaxi rns Koi\ias, ' disturbance of the belly.'* 
 Diarrhoea. » 
 
 TARAGMA, Taraehe. 
 
 TARAGMIJS, Taraehe. 
 
 TARAGON, Artemisia draeunculus. 
 
 TARANTALISMUS, Tarantismus. 
 
 TARANTISM'US, Tarentis'wns, Tarantalis'- 
 miis, Diiioma'nia, Ghore'a Sancti Valenti'nr, 
 Taren'tniism, Tar'antism. A feigned or imagin- 
 ary disease in Apulia, characterized by excessive 
 avidity for dancing at the sound of instruments, 
 and which was ascribed, by the vulgar, to the 
 bite of the tarantula. A sort of tarantismus, con- 
 sidered peculiar to Africa, and believed to be 
 spontaneous, has been called Tarentismus Tan- 
 gita'niiSy Janon-tarentisme, 
 
 TARAN'TULA, from Tarentum or Tarento, 
 a town of Italy where it abounds ; Taren'tula, 
 (F.) Tarentule. A species of spider — the Ara'nea 
 Tarentula of Linnasus, Lyco'sa Tarentula of La- 
 treille, whose bite has been looked upon as dan- 
 gerous. Music has been thought to cure it. 
 
 TARASCON, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cha- 
 lybeate springs in the department of Arriege, 
 France. They contain iron and carbonic acid. 
 
 TARAXACUM, Leontodon taraxacum — t. 
 Dens leonis, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 TARAXIS, Taraehe, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 TARCHON SYLVESTRIS, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 TARENTISMUS, Tarantismus — t. Tangi- 
 tanus, Tarantismus. 
 
 TARENTULA, Tarantula. 
 
 TARENTULISM, Tarantismus. 
 
 TARGAR, Juniperus communis. 
 
 TARI. Palm or cocoa wine, from which sugar 
 was obtained, called Jagre. It was once used as 
 a tonic. 
 
 TARI'NI PONS, Tnterpedun'cnlar space, Pos- 
 terior p)erforated space, Locus perfora' tus ■posti'- 
 cus. A cineritious substance, between the cor- 
 pora albicantia-, which assists in forming the bot- 
 tom of the third ventricle. 
 
 TARO, Arum esoulentum. 
 
 TARQUETTE, Horniaria glabra. 
 
 TAPtSAL, Tar'seus, That which relates to the 
 tarsus. 
 
 Tarsal Articdlations result from the union 
 of the bones of the tarsus with each other. 
 
 TAR'SEA LATA (LIGAMENTA). Three 
 ligaments, described by Winslow as stretching 
 from the edge of the orbit to that of the tarsi, 
 with which, he thought, they formed a complete 
 layer of the eyelids. Zinn could not trace the 
 ligaments all the way to the tarsi; whilst Haller 
 doubted altogether their ligamentous texture, ahd 
 Zeis regards them as merely areolar substance. 
 TARSEUS, Tarsal. 
 
 TARSO-METATARSAL, Tarso-metntar' seus. 
 That which relates to tarsus and metatarsus. 
 
 Tarso-Mijtatarsal Articulations are those 
 between the bones of the second row of tlie tarsus 
 and the metatarsal bones. The term Tarso-me- 
 tnfnrsal is likewise applied to ligaments connected 
 with these joints, some of which are dorsal, and 
 others plnntar. 
 
 TA KSO-META TARSI-PHALANGTEN D U 
 I OVOE^ Adductor poUicis pedis — t. PJialanr/ien 
 du pi nice, Flexor brovis pollicis pedis — t. Sous- 
 ^lialanyien di., petit orteil, Flexor brevis minimi 
 
 digiti pedis — t. Sotis-phctlangettien du premier or- 
 teil. Flexor brevis pollicis pedis. 
 
 TARSOPHY'MA, from Tarsus, and ^vjxa, 'a 
 tumour.' A swelling of the tarsus. 
 
 TARSOR'RHAPHY, Tarsorraph'ia, from tar. 
 sus, 'the tarsal cartilage,' and pa(pr!, 'suture.' 
 An operation for diminishing the size of the 
 opening between the eyelids, when it is enlarged 
 by surrounding cicatrices. 
 
 TARSOT'OMY, Tarsotom'ia, from tarsus, and 
 TO[iri, ' incision.' The section or removal of the 
 tarsal cartilages. 
 
 TARSUS, Planta prima pedis, Rasse'ta seu 
 Rasce'ta pedis, Pe'dium, Cavic'idcB pedis nodus. 
 
 1. The posterior part of the foot. The tarsus 
 consists of 7 bones, arranged transversely in two 
 rows, between which amputation is sometimes 
 performed. The first or Tibial row, (F.) Pre- 
 miere rangee, R. jambiere, consists of the astra- 
 galus and OS calcis ; the second ox metatarsal, (F.) 
 eeconde rangee, R. metatarsi enne, of the sca- 
 phoides, cuboides, and three ossa cuneiformia, 
 
 2. The Tarsi, Tarsal cartilages. Tarsal fibro-car- 
 tilages, Orchoi, Crepid'ines seu Coro'nm seu Che- 
 IcB seu Un'gulcB Palpebra'rum, Tharsi, are two 
 small cartilaginous layers, seated in the substance 
 of the free edge of each eyelid. The upper is 
 larger and broader than the lower. Both com- 
 mence at the bifurcated extremity of the tendon 
 of the orbicularis palpebrarum, and pass to the 
 opposite commissure of the eyelids. They are 
 broader in the middle than at their extremities. 
 
 TARTAR, Antimonium tartarizatum (impro- 
 perly), Potassaj supertartras impurus — t. Cal- 
 careous, Potassa3 subcarbonas — t. Crystals of, 
 Potassaj supertartras — t. Emetic, Antimonium 
 tartarizatum — t. Soluble, Potassae tartras, see 
 Potash. 
 
 TARTA'REI MORBI. A term employed by 
 Para.eelsus to designate certain diseases which he 
 attributed to tartar. 
 
 TARTAR I CRYSTALLI, Potassse super- 
 tartras. 
 
 TARTAR'IC ACID, Ac"idum tartar'iciim, A. 
 tartaro'snm, Acor tartar 'iciis, Acidum tar'tari 
 essentia'le, Tarta'reous acid, Sal tartari essen- 
 tiale. {PotasscB bitart. R)iiss, aq. destillat. ferv., 
 cong. iij, cretm ppt. Ibj, acidi sidpJi. Ibj. Boil the 
 bitartrate with two gallons of the water, and gra- 
 dually add the prepared chalk, until no more 
 bubbles appear; let the tartrate of lime subside; 
 then pour off the fluid and wash the tartrate of 
 lime with distilled water, until it is. tasteless. 
 Pour upon it the sulphuric acid, diluted with a 
 gallon of boiling distilled water ; and set the 
 mixture aside for 24 hours, occasionally stirring 
 i*. Filter and evaporate to crystallize. Ph. L.) 
 It is refrigerant and antiseptic, but is chiefly 
 used-for making effervescent draughts with soda. 
 
 TARTARUM, Potassos supertartras impurus — 
 t. Vitriolatum, Potassa3 sulphas. 
 
 TARTARUS AMMONIA, Ammonife tartras 
 — t. Chalybeatus, Ferrum tartarizatum — t. Cru- 
 dus, Potassaj supertartras impurus — t. Dentium, 
 Odontolithos — t. Eraeticus, Antimonium tartari- 
 zatum — t. Kalicoferricus, Ferrum tartarizatum — 
 t. Kalinus, Potassa; tartras— t. Lixivite, Potass£B 
 tartras — t. Martialis, Ferrum tartarizatum — t. 
 Potassas fcrruginosus, Ferrum tartarizatum — t. 
 Subpotassicus, Potasses supertartras — t. Superpo- 
 tassicus, Potassae supertartras — t. Tartarizatus, 
 Potassa) tartras. 
 
 TARTRATE D'AiniONIAQUE, Ammonise 
 tartras. 
 
 TARTRE BRUT, Potass* supertartras impu- 
 rus — t. Oni, Potassfe supertartras impurus — t. dea 
 Bents, Odontolithos — t. Emetique, Antimonium 
 
TARTRUM 
 
 845 
 
 TELEPHIUM 
 
 tartarizatum — t. Stibii, Antimonium tartariza- 
 tum. 
 
 TARTRUM SOLUBILE, Potassse tartras. 
 
 TASIS, Extension, Tension. 
 
 TASTE, Gustus, Geusis, Geitma, Geuthmos, (F.) 
 Gout. One of the five external senses, which in- 
 structs us of the savours of bodies, and of which 
 the tono-ue is the principal organ. 
 
 Gustation, Gustatio, is the exercise of this fa- 
 culty. In disease, the taste frequently becomes 
 variously vitiated. The nerves of taste are pro- 
 bably the lingual branch of the fifth pair and the 
 glosso-pharyngeal. 
 
 Taste, Savour. 
 
 TAUPE, Talpa. 
 
 TAUROCOL'LA, from ravpo?, 'a bull,' and 
 KoWa, ' glue.' Glue made of the ears and genitals 
 of the bull. It was formerly much esteemed. 
 
 TAURUS, Penis, Perineum. 
 
 TAXIS, 'arrangement;' from raaab), 'J. order,' 
 *I arrange;' lie2)osit"io, lieduc'tio, Syntax'is. A 
 methodical pressure exerted by the hand on a 
 hernial tumour, for the purpose of reducing it. 
 This operation is generally easy in herniaj that 
 are free from adhesions, of small size, and with a 
 large opening into the sac ; but it is very difiicult 
 and frequently impracticable in those that are 
 adherent or strangulated. To perform the taxis, 
 the patient should be put in the horizontal pos- 
 ture, and in one in which the parietes of the ab- 
 domen are relaxed. The manual procedure va- 
 ries in each species of hernia. In all cases, too 
 strong pressure of the parts must be avoided ; as 
 inflammation and gangrene might be induced. 
 The displaced organs must be pushed into the 
 abdomen, according to the direction of the axis 
 of the hernial sac. The reduction is sometimes 
 favoured by blood-letting ad deliquiiwi ; the 
 warm bath ; warm fomentations ; tobacco ; emol- 
 lient glysters ; and, at times, by cold applications, 
 as ice, Ac. In a case of strangulated hernia, 
 should the taxis fail, an operation becomes ne- 
 cessary. 
 
 TAXUS BACCA'TA. The Yeio tree, Smilax, 
 Sniilas, Thym'cdos, (F.) If. Family, Coniferse. 
 Sex. Syst. Dioecia Mouadelphia. The ancients 
 believed the yew to be poisonous; but the fruit 
 may be eaten without inconvenience. The leaves 
 have been often recommended in epilepsy. The 
 resin, obtained from the bark, has been called 
 albir. 
 
 TA YE. Caligo. 
 
 TAYLOR'S REMEDY FOR DEAFNESS, 
 see Allium. 
 
 TEA, Thea — t. Apple, see Apple tea — t. Ba- 
 hama, Lantana camara — t. Beef, see Beef tea — 
 t. Berried, Gaultheria — t. Berry, Gaultheria — t. 
 Blaukenheim, see Galeopsis grandiflora — t. Bra- 
 zil, Lantana pseudothea — t. Bushman's, Methj's- 
 cophyllum glaucum — t. Caffre, Helichrysum nu- 
 difolium — t. Chicken, see Chicken tea — t. Flax- 
 seed, Infusum Lini compositum — t. Ginger, Infu- 
 sum Zingiberis — t. Hottentots', Helichrysum 
 serpyllifolium — t. Labrador, Ledum latifolium — 
 t. Lemon-peel, see Citrus medica — t. Marsh, Le- 
 dum palustre — t. Mexico, Chenopodium ambro- 
 sioides — t. Mountain, Gaultheria — t. Mutton, see 
 Mutton tea — t. New Jersey, Celastrus — t. Oswego, 
 Monarda coccinea — t. Redberry, Gaultheria — t. 
 Slippery elm, Infusum Lini compositum — t. Soot, 
 see Fuligokali — t. South sea. Ilex vomitoria — t. 
 Spanish, Chenopodium amlsrosioides — t. Veal, 
 gee Veal tea. 
 
 TEAR, Sa.x.Zeatf, Lac'ryma, Laeh'ryma, Lac'- 
 rima, Lac'riima, Dacry, Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon, 
 Humor lacryma'Us, Eyedroj), (F.) Larme. An ex- 
 crementitious humour, secreted by the lachrymal 
 gland, and poured between the globe of the eye, 
 
 and the eyelids, to facilitate the motions of those 
 parts. The tears are saline, inodorous, and co- 
 lourless. They turn the syrup of violets green ; 
 and contain chloride of sodium, ■nith excess of 
 base, phosphates of lime and soda, and albumen. 
 
 TEARS, DEERS', Bezoar of the deer. 
 
 TEASEL, CULTIVATED, Dipsacus sylves- 
 tris. 
 
 TEAT, Nipple. 
 
 TEAZEL, Eupatoritim perfoliatum. 
 
 TECEDON, Phthisis. 
 
 TECNOCTONIA, Infanticide. 
 
 TECOLITHOS, Judseus (lapis.) 
 
 TECO'MA RADI'CANS, Bigno'nia radi'cana, 
 Trumpet floioer. Trumpet creeper, Virgin'ia creep- 
 er. Indigenous; the orange and scarlet flowers 
 appearing in July. Order, Bignoniacese. The 
 leaves are acrid. 
 
 TECTARIA CALAHUALA, see Calagualse 
 radix — t. Ferruginea, see Calaguala; radix. 
 
 TEETH, see Tooth — t. Eye, Canine teeth— t. 
 Jaw, Molar teeth — t. Milk, see Dentition — t. Neck 
 of the, CoUum dentium — t. Vitreous substance 
 of the. Enamel of the teeth. 
 
 TEETHING, Dentition. 
 
 TEGIMEN, Integument. 
 
 TEGMEN, Integument. 
 
 TEGULA HIBERNICA. Hibernicus lapis. 
 
 TEGUMEN, Integument. 
 
 TEGUMENT, Integument. 
 
 TEGUMEN'TARY. Relating or appertaining 
 to the integumetit. 
 
 TEGUMEN'TUM, Integument — t. Auris, see 
 Tympanum — t. Ventriculorum cerebri. Centre, 
 oval, of the brain. 
 
 TEIGNE, Pityriasis, Porrigo, Porrigo lupinosa 
 — t. Annidaire, Porrigo scutulata — t. en Anneau, 
 Porrigo scutulata — t. Faveuse, Porrigo favosa — 
 t. Furfaraeee, Porrigo furfurans — t. Nummulaire, 
 Porrigo scutulata. 
 
 TEINESMOS, Tenesmus. 
 
 TEINODYN'IA ; from rzivuv, ' to extend,' and 
 o&vvr], 'pain.' Pain of the sinews or tendons. 
 
 TEINOPHLOGO'SIS; from teivziv, 'to ex- 
 tend,' and (pXoywai?, 'inflammation.' Inflamma- 
 tion of the sinews or tendons. ^ 
 
 TEINTURE, Tincture— <. Etlierie, iEthereal 
 — t. Eubefiante, Tinctura cantharidis. 
 
 TEKEDON, Tabes. 
 
 TELA, Texture, Tissue — t. Aeeidentalis Me- 
 dullaris, Encephaloid — t. Cellulosa, Cellular tis- 
 sue — t. Emplastica, Sparadrapum — t. Erectilis, 
 Erectile tissue — t. Galteri, Sparadrapum Galteri 
 — t. Hippocratis crihrosa, Cellular tissue — t. Hy- 
 menochondroides, Tissue, cartilaginous — t. Hy- 
 menochondrodes, Tissue, cartilaginous — t. Ich- 
 thyocollse glutinans, see Sparadrapum adhsesi- 
 vum — t. Inodularis, Tissue, inodular — t. Orga- 
 nica, Ilistos — t. Vesicatoria, Sparadrapum vesi- 
 catorium. 
 
 TELAMON, Habena, 
 
 TELAMO'NES, tcXoixidvc;, 'bandages.' Char- 
 pie, used for wounds; or linen, employed for 
 bandages. 
 
 TELANGECTASIS, Telangiectasia. 
 
 TELANGIECTA'SIA, Telangiec'tasis, Telan- 
 gec'tasis, Angieotelecta'sia, HcBmatotelangio'sis, 
 Hasmotelaugio' sis, Angiecta' sia, Anastomo' sis 
 aneurysmat'ica ; from reXog, 'far,' ayytiov, 'ves- 
 sel,' and cKTaiTig, 'dilatation.' Dilatation of ves- 
 sels. Na3vus maternus. Aneurism by anasto- 
 mosis. According to some, fungus hajmatodes. 
 See Hajmatodes fungus. 
 
 Telangiectasia Oculi, Cirsophthalmus. 
 
 TELEPH'IUM, Ulcufi felephinm. The ancients 
 gave this name to any ulcer of a very bad kind, 
 and difficult to cure, Vocause the ■i^ound, which 
 
TELLURISMUS 
 
 TEMP OR 
 
 Achilles inflicted on. Telephus, degenerated into 
 a similar ulcer. 
 
 Telephium, Sedum telephium. 
 
 TELLURISMUS, Magnetism, animal. 
 
 TELUJI, Penis. 
 
 TEMPE, Temple. 
 
 TEM'PERAMENT, Temperamen'tum, Temper- 
 atu'ra, Tempera' tio, Tempe'ries ; originally from 
 tempus, 'time,' the great tempei-er ; Complex'io, 
 Crasis, Eucra'sia. A name given to the remark- 
 able differences that exist between individuals, in 
 consequence of the variety of relations and pro- 
 portions between the constituent parts of the 
 hody. Thus, of old, it was supposed that, ac- 
 cording to the predominance of any one of the 
 four humours then generally admitted, — blood, 
 lymph, bile, 'and atrabilis or black bile, — the ma- 
 nifestations of the functions were tempered or 
 modified so as to give rise to a sanguine, lympha- 
 tic, choleric, or atrabilious or melancholic predo- 
 minance or temperament. The idea of the exist- 
 ence of certain of these humours has been ba- 
 nished ; yet the influence of some, as of the blood, 
 lymph, and bile, is still admitted by many. Too 
 much influence has, doubtless, been assigned to 
 temperament in the sense in which it was for- 
 merly and still is genei-ally understood, although 
 there can be no question that difference of orga- 
 nization occasions a difference in the activity of 
 organs. 
 
 TEjiPERAMEjfT, Bilious, Choleric temperament. 
 
 TEM'PERANCE, Sophros'yne, NephaV iotes, 
 Sobri'etas, Sohri'ety. Moderation, opposed to 
 gluttony and drunkenness. The advantage of 
 temperance, in a hygienic point of view, requires 
 Xio comment. 
 
 TEMPERANTS, Sedatives. 
 
 TEMPERATIO, Temperament. 
 
 TEMPERATURA, Temperament. 
 
 TEMPERIES, Temperament. 
 
 TEMPLE, Tempus, Re'gio Temporalis, Crot'- 
 aphus, (F.) Tempe. A depression, on each side 
 of the head, between the forehead and eye ante- 
 riorly, and the ear posteriorly. The temples, dis- 
 tinguished into right and left, correspond to the 
 temporal fossa on each side. The word is said 
 to be from the Latin tempus, 'time,' because in 
 this part the hair first begins to turn white, and 
 to indicate age. 
 
 TEMPORAL, Tewpora'lis. That which re- 
 lates to the temples. 
 
 Temporal Aponeuro'sis is a very strong apo- 
 neurosis, of a bluish, shining colour, which is at- 
 tached to the whole of the curved line of the 
 temporal bone ; to the posterior edge of the malar 
 bouvi; to the superior margin of the zygomatic 
 arch ; and forms an envelope for the temporal 
 muscle. 
 
 Temporal Arteries, Crot'aphite Arteries, are 
 several : — 1. The Temporal Artery, properly so 
 called, arises from the outer side of the superior 
 part of the external carotid. It ascends between 
 the ramus of the jaw, the meatus auditorius ex- 
 ternus, and the parotid gland, which covers it as 
 far as the zygomatic arch. Above this it becomes 
 subcutaneous; and, when it has attained the 
 middle of the temporal region, it divides into two 
 branches ; the one anterior — A. tempora'Us fron- 
 la'lis seu inter'na seu nnte'rior; the other poste- 
 rior — the A. temporalis occipita'lis seu exter'na 
 seu supe'rior. Tlie temporal artery, before its 
 division, gives off, 1. Branches to the parotid ; to 
 the joint of the lower jaw; to the meatus audi- 
 torius, and to the mnsseter. 2. The transverse 
 arttry of the face. 3. The middle temporal, which 
 ftrises beneath the cheek-bone, and traverses the 
 temporal aponeurosis, immediately beneath that 
 boce II. The Deep-seated Tem'porals. A. tem- 
 
 pora'les profun'dcB. These are two in number. 
 They .irise from the internal maxillary, and have 
 been distinguished, from their position, into an- 
 terior and 2}osterior. They send their principal 
 divisions to the temporal muscle. 
 
 Temporal Bone, Os tem'poris seu tempora'le 
 seu areua'le seu arma'le seu parieta'le inferiua 
 seu crotaphit'icum seu memen'to mori seu mendo'- 
 simi seu crot'aphus, is seated at the lateral and 
 inferior part of the cranium, of which it forms 
 part; and contains, within it, the special organs 
 of audition. It is usually divided into three 
 portions : — 1. The squamous, Pars squamo'sa, Os 
 lepidoV des seu squamo' sum seu squamifor'me, (F.) 
 Portion Scailleuse ou squameuse. 2. The mastoid 
 portion, and, 3. The Petrous portion, Petrous 
 Proc"ess, Pars petro'sa, Pyr'amis trigo'na, Os 
 lapidciim seu lapido'sum seu saxeum sen jjetro'sum 
 seu litho'ides seu durum seu prmruptas rupi assi- 
 mila'tum seu nervale, Pars pyramidalis ossis tem- 
 pori, (F.) Portion pierreuse, Rocher, Os petreux, 
 Apophyse pyramidale, A. p)etree. 
 
 It hAS, first, an auricidar or external face, on 
 which is a surface that makes part of the tempo- 
 ral fossa; ihSi zygomatic process ; the glenoid ca- 
 vity ; the fissure of G laser / the meatus audi- 
 torius externus ; the mastoid process j- the digas- 
 tric groove; the canalis caroticus / the jugular 
 fossa; the styloid process / the stylo-mastoid fo- 
 ramen, &c. 2. A cerebral or internal surface, 
 which corresponds to the cavity of the cranium, 
 and on which is the Pars petrosa, the hiatus Fal- 
 lopii, the meatus auditorius internus, the fissure 
 of the aqucsductus vestibuli, a portion of the gut- 
 ter for the lateral sinus, &c. 3. A circumference, 
 on which is observed the orifice of the bony pior- 
 tion of the Eustachian tube and the acqucsductus 
 cochlecB, &c. The temporal bone is articulated 
 with the sphenoid, occipital, parietal, malar, and 
 inferior maxillary bones. It is developed from 
 five points of ossification. 
 
 Temporal Fossa is an excavation, observed 
 at each side of the head. It is filled by the mus- 
 cle whose name it bears, and is formed by the 
 temporal and sphenoid, below; by the parietal 
 and frontal bones, above ; is separated, by a 
 transverse crista, from the zygomatic fossa; and 
 completed, before, by the cheek-bone. 
 
 Temporal Muscle, Tempora'Us, Crotaphi'tes, 
 (F.) Arcadi-temporo maxillaire, Teniporo-maxil- 
 laire (Ch.), is a broad, flattened, triangular mus- 
 cle, which fills the temporal fossa. Its fibres are 
 attached to the temporal aponeurosis and fossa ; 
 and all converge into a strong tendon, which 
 passes under the zygomatic arch, and is inserted 
 into the eoronoid process of the lower jaw. This 
 muscle raises the lower jaw, and applies the teeth 
 against each other. 
 
 Temporal Nerves. These are distinguished 
 into the superficial temporal, furnished by the 
 inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair, behind 
 the condyle of the jaw; and the temporalcs pro- 
 fundi, — anterior and posterior, — furnished by 
 the same nerve, at its exit from the cranium. 
 Sommering has given the name temporal to the 
 divisions sent by the facial nerve to the temporal 
 regions. 
 
 Temporal Veius were formerly called uEtoi 
 or Aatoi Phlebes, Aq'uilce VencB. 
 
 TEMPORO-AURICULAIRE, Attollens au- 
 rem. 
 
 TEM'PORO-FA'CIAL, Tem'poro-facia'Hs. Be- 
 longing to the temple and face. 
 
 Temporo-pacial Nerve, A^€rt!ws temporo-faci- 
 a'lis. A branch of the facial nerve distributed 
 to the face and temple. 
 
 TEMP OEO-MAXILL AIRE, Temporal 
 muscle. 
 
TEMPORO 
 
 Sir 
 
 TENT 
 
 TEMPOEO-MAX'ILLARY, Te.m'pnro-mnxil- 
 la'ris. That which belongs to the temporal bone 
 and lower jaw. 
 
 Temporo-maxillaey Akticulation or joint 
 of the lower jaw, is seated between the glenoid 
 cavity and transverse process of the temporal 
 Ijone on the one hand, and the condyle of the 
 lower jaw on the other. Two thin cartilages 
 cover the surfaces of these bones. The one is 
 common to the transverse process and the por- 
 tion of the glenoid cavity, anterior to the fissure 
 of Glaser; the other belongs to the condyle. 
 This articulation is furnished with an inter-arti- 
 cular fibro-cartilage, two synovial capsules, and 
 two lateral ligaments : — the one internal, and 
 the other external. 
 
 Temporo-maxillary Nerves of Bichat are 
 the divisions of the facial nerve, distributed to 
 the temporal and maxillary regions. 
 
 TEMPUS, Temple — t. Intercalare, Apyrexia, 
 Intermission. 
 
 TEMULENCE, Temulentia. 
 
 TEMULEN'TIA, Ebri'etas, Ehrios'itas, Me- 
 tJii/s'mns, Tem'ulence, Tem'idcncy, Inehrin'tion, 
 Tiitoxiea'tion, Drunk' enness : — from wine, QEno- 
 j-ihlyg"ia, (Enoplilyx'is, Vinolen'tia, Vi'nolence, 
 (F.) Ivresse. Plater gave this name to delirium; 
 Ettmuller, to an apoplectic condition, depending 
 upon drunkenness ; the Apo2}lex'ia Temulen'ta 
 or dtad drunkenness. Commonly, Temulentia is 
 used synonymously with drunkenness, Ifcthe ; 
 and h often employed in the description of dis- 
 eases to indicate a state resembling drunkenness. 
 Mnnia e Timtilentid is the same as Delirium Tre- 
 mens. 
 
 TENACULA, Bone-nippers — t. Volsella, For- 
 ceps (lithotomy). 
 
 TENACULUM, from teneo, 'I hold.' A kind 
 of fine hook attached to a handle which is thrust 
 through the parietes of a blood vessel to draw it 
 out and enable it to be tied. 
 
 Tenaculum, Assalini's. An ingenious instru- 
 ment, invented by Assalini. It consists of a for- 
 ceps, or double tenaculum, the points of which 
 are fine, sharp, and bifurcated, so as to be readily 
 received into each other when the instrument is 
 closed on the artery, which it is by a spring. It 
 is of great use when the surgeon has no assistant 
 at hand. The instrument is figured in S. Coop- 
 er's " First Lines." 
 
 TENAILLE INCISIVE, Bone-nippers. 
 
 TENASMUS, Tenesmus. 
 
 TENDON, Tendo, Protierva'fio, from ruvo), ' 1 
 stretch.' Tenon, a Sinew. A fibrous cord, more 
 or less round, long, or flattened ; of a white, pearl 
 colour, and composed of very close parallel fibres. 
 The tendons are attached to the bones, by one 
 extremity; by the other, they receive the inser- 
 tions of the fleshy fibres : sometimes they afford 
 attachment to fleshy fibres at both ends ; ■ — ^as in 
 the digastric muscle. The tendons must be con- 
 sidered as so many cords, for transmitting the 
 motion of muscles to the bones or levers. 
 
 TENDON D'ACHILLE, Achillis tendo. 
 
 Tendon, Cordiform, of the Diaphragm, Cen- 
 tre, phrenic. 
 
 TENDONS, TWITCHING OF THE, Sub- 
 sultus tendinum. 
 
 TENEOTOMIA, Tenotomy. 
 
 TENESME, Tenesmus — f. de VCEsophage, 
 (Esophagismus — t. Vesical, Bradysuria. 
 
 TENES'MUS, Teines'mos, Tenas'mus, from 
 Tfivoj, 'I stretch.' Pmc'tica Tenesmus, Procto- 
 fpan'miis, Obstipa'tio Tenesmus, Tinag'miis, (P.) 
 Tenesme, Epreintcs. Frequent, vain, and painful 
 desires to go to stool ; — one of the chief symp- 
 
 toms of inflammation of the lining membrano of 
 the digestive tube, as of dj'sentery. 
 
 Tenesmus Vesica, Bradysuria — t. Vesicas 
 mueosus, Cystirrhcea. 
 
 TENETTES, Forceps (craniotomy). 
 
 TENIA, Tffinia. 
 
 TENNESSEE', MINERAL "WATERS -OF, 
 On the waters of the French Broad River, in this 
 state, is a large, clear, thermal spring. The heat 
 is so great that, on first going into the water, it 
 is almost insupportable. 
 
 TENON, Tendon. 
 
 TENONT'AGRA, from Ttvu>v, 'tendon,' and 
 aypa, ' seizure.' A variety of gout, which affects 
 the tendinous parts of muscles, or the tendinous 
 ligaments which strengthen certain articulations. 
 
 TENONTOTOMIA, Tenotomy. 
 
 TENONTOTRO'TI, from t£vu>v, 'tendon,' and 
 TiTpiji(TK-ji, ' I wound.' They who are wounded in 
 the tendons. — Galen. 
 
 TENOT'OMY, Tenotom'ia, Teneotom'ia, Te- 
 noniom' ia, Sec'tio seu Dissec'tio ten'dinum, from 
 TS.VMV, '& tendon,' and roiirj, incision.' The ope- 
 ration of dividing a tendon, often practised for 
 the removal of loxarthrus, or deviation of the 
 joints — as in club-foot. ^ 
 
 TENSE UR DE L'APONEVROSE FE MO- 
 RALE, Fascia lata muscle. 
 
 TEN' SI ON, Ten'sio, Tensu'ra, Tasis, Diat'- 
 asis, Entonia, (Enton'ia is, also, used for over- 
 tension,) Conten'sio, Disten'sio^ from tendere, 'to 
 stretch.' State of a part, which is stretched, 
 when its textures are distended by the afBux 
 of fluids, or the accumulation of gas; or when 
 its fibres are drawn, as it were, in an opposite 
 direction, and are, consequently, more resisting 
 than usual. 
 
 TENSOR CHOROIDE^, Ciliary muscle — t. 
 Palati, Cireumflexus musculus. 
 
 Tensor Tarsi. A small muscle, belonging to 
 the inner commissure of the eyelids, well de- 
 scribed by Professor Horner, of Philadelphia, and 
 hence termed Muscle of Horner. It is about three 
 lines broad and six long; arises from the poste- 
 rior flat surface of the os unguis, near its junction 
 with the ethmoid bone, and passes forwards and 
 outwards, lying on the posterior face of the lach- 
 rymal duets. As it approaches the commissure 
 of the lids, it splits into two nearly equal parts, 
 each of which is appropriated to a duet, and in- 
 serted along its course, almost to the punctum 
 lacrymale. Its chief office seems to be, to influ- 
 ence the position of the puneta lacrymale, and 
 to regulate the course of the tears through the 
 lachrymal ducts. 
 
 Tensor Tym'pani, Inter'mia Auris, Internus 
 Mai' lei, (F.) Salpingo-malleen. A small muscle, 
 which arises from the petrous portion of the tem- 
 poral bone, and the cartilage of the Eixstachian 
 tube, and terminates by a tendon, which is re- 
 flected over the processus coehleaforinis, and is 
 inserted into the apophysis of the hanf^le of tho 
 malleus. 
 
 Tensor Vagina Femoris, Fascia lata muscle. 
 TENSURA, Tension. 
 TENSUS, Penis. 
 
 TENT, Tenta, Turun'da, and its diminutive, 
 Turun'dula, Penic'ulus, Penicil'lns, Penicil'lum, 
 Motos, Lemnis'cHS, (F.) Tente, MecJie, from fen- 
 tare, 'to try or explore.' In surgery, tents aro 
 small rolls of lint, of a cylindrical or pyramidal 
 shape, which are introduced into wounds and 
 deep ulcers, to prevent them from closing before 
 they are filled up from the bottom. Tents are 
 sometimes, also, made of prepared sponge, gen- 
 tian root, etc. They are not so much used a* 
 they formerly were. 
 
TEXTACULARl. > 
 
 8,^8 
 
 TERRA 
 
 fENTACULARIA.FilariahominibVotolii^lis. 
 TiSNTACULUM CEREBELLI, Ten^oriuoi. 
 i:SIsrTA'MEN MED'ICUM. 'A medical trial.' 
 Ail examination in medicine, in the Prussian 
 universities, which is conducted both in writing 
 and viod voce before the Dean of the Medical 
 Faculty. 
 
 TENTE, Tent — t. du Cervelet, Tentorium. 
 TENTIGO VENEREA, Nymphomania — t. 
 Veretri, Satyriasis. 
 
 TENTIPEL'LUM, from fenclo, ' I stretch,' and 
 pellis, 'the skin.' Ancient name of a cosmetic, 
 with which, it was pretended, wrinkles could be 
 effaced. 
 
 TENTO'RIUM, T. cereheVlo snper-exten' sum, 
 T. cerehelli, Tentae'ulum cerehelli, Sejitum trans- 
 verse (Ch.), Transverse septum, Septum enccp)^' ali, 
 Intersep'ta liorizonta'Ua Paccliio'ni, Proces'sus 
 transver'sus dura matris. Lateral Processes of the 
 Dura Hater, Diaphrag'ma cer'ehri, (E.) Tente du 
 cervelet, Plancher du Cerveau, from tender e, ten- 
 turn, ' to stretch.' A process of the dura mater, 
 which separates the cerebrum from the cerebel- 
 lum. It extends from the internal horizontal 
 spine of the occipital bone, directly forwards to 
 the sella Turcica of the sphenoid. 
 TE^'TOEIUJt Cerebelli, Tentorium. 
 TENTUM, Penis. 
 
 TENTAVORT, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 TENUIS MATER, Pia mater. 
 TENUITAS AQUOSA, PreJominiura aquse. 
 TEPHROSIA VIRGINIANA, Galega Virgi- 
 niana. 
 
 TEPID ARIUM, see Stove. 
 TEPLITZ, Toplitz. 
 TERAS, Monster. 
 
 TERATOG"ENY, Terafogen'ia, from rt^ai, 
 rcparog, 'a, monster,' and yivea-i;, 'generation.' 
 The formation of monsters. 
 
 TERATOL'OGY, Teratolog"ia, from Tzpag, rep- 
 arog, ' a monster,' and 'Soyog, ' a discourse.' A 
 description, or the doctrine of monsters. 
 TERATOSIS, see Monster. 
 TERCERON, see Mulatto — t. Black, see Mu- 
 latto. 
 
 TERBBELLA, Trepan. 
 
 TEREBENTHINE, Terebinthina— i. de Bor- 
 deaux, see Piuus sylvestris — t. de Ohio, see Pis- 
 tacia terebinthus — t. de Copahu, Copaiba — t. Com- 
 mune, see Pinus sylvestris — t. d'Egypte, see Amy- 
 ris opobalsamum — t. de Gilead, see Amyris opo- 
 balsamum — t. du Grand Caire, see Amyris opo- 
 balsamum — t. de Jndee, see Amyris opobalsamum 
 — t. de MeJeze, see Pinus larix. 
 
 TEREBIN'THINA, from -cfi/^ivSo?, or r^pt^ty- 
 Soj, 'the turpentine tree.' Tur'pentine, Botin, 
 Alhotim, Altillhat, Brutino, (F.) Terebenthine. A 
 substance, of the consistence of honey, which 
 flows from many trees of the terebinth aoea3 and 
 coniferae families. It is viscid; shining; more 
 or less transparent; inflammable; of a warm, 
 pungent taste; strong smell; and is entirely 
 composed of resin and essential oil, without ben- 
 zoic acid. It is soluble in alcohol. See Turpen- 
 tine, Pinus palustris and Pinus sylvestris. All 
 the turpentines are stimulant, diuretic, and ca- 
 thartic. 
 
 Terebinthixa Arsentoratensis, see Pinus 
 picea — t. Balsamoa, see Pinus balsamea— t. Ca- 
 nadensis, see Pinus balsamea — t. Chia, see Pis- 
 tacia terebinthus — t. Communis, see Pinus syl- 
 vestris — t. Cypria, see Pistacia terebinthus — t. 
 Empyreumatiea, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Larici- 
 na, see Pinus larix — t. Veneta, see Pinus larix — 
 t. Vera, see Pistacia terebinthus — t. A''ulgaris, sec 
 PiDus sylvestris — t. de Venise, see Piuus larix. 
 
 ^'EKEEINTHUB, Terminthus— t. Gummifera, 
 rurscra gummifera — t. Lentiscus, Pistacia Icn- 
 tiscus — t. Vulgaris, Pistacia terebinthus. 
 TEREBRA, Trepan. 
 TEREBRATIO, Trepanning. 
 TEREDO OSSIUM, Caries, Spina ventosa. 
 TERES, Stron'cjylus, Cylindroi'des, ' long and 
 round.' An epithet given to many organs, the 
 fibres of which are collected into round fasciculi. 
 Teres Ligajien'tum, (F. ) Ligament rand. 
 This name is given to the round ligament in the 
 cotyloid cavitj' of the os innominatum, which 
 is attached to the head of the bone, and to the 
 bottom of the cavity. It is, also, given to a 
 small fibrous fascia,"which extends from the co- 
 ronoid process of the ulna to below the bicipital 
 tubercle of the radius. 
 
 Teres Major, (F.) Anguli-scapulo-'humiral, 
 Scap)xdo-humeral (Ch.), Grand rond, is situate at 
 the inferior and posterior part of the shoulder. 
 It is attached, on the one hand, to the outer sur- 
 face of the scapula; to the corresponding part of 
 its axillary margin; and, on the other, to the 
 posterior margin of the bicipital groove of the 
 humerus. It carries the arm backwards and 
 inwards, and carries it, also, inwards in rotation. 
 When it acts with the longissimus dorsi and pec- 
 toralis major, it applies the arm against the late- 
 ral part of the chest, and keeps it forcibly there. 
 Teres Minor, (F.) Le plus petit sus-scapulo- 
 trochiterien, (Ch.) Petit rond, Margini-sus-scU' 
 pulo-trochiterien, Nonus hu'meri Placenti'ni, is 
 situate at the posterior and inferior part of the 
 shoulder; it is narrow and flattened, from above 
 to below, in its inner half; and, from before to 
 behind, in the outer. It is attached, on the one 
 part, to the outer surface of the scapula, near its 
 inferior angle; and, on the other, to the inferior 
 part of the great tuberosity of the humerus. It 
 depresses the arm, and causes it to turn on its 
 axis from within outwards. It also carries it 
 backwards. 
 
 TERESIS, Observation. 
 TERETRITTM, Trepan. 
 TERETRON, Trepan. 
 TERGAL, Dorsal. 
 TER GEMINI, Trigemini. 
 TERGXJM, Dorsum, Vertebral column. 
 TERMINALIA, see Myrobalanus. 
 TERMINOLOGY, Nomenclature. 
 TERMIN'THUS, Terebin'ihus, from rcpi^ivbog, 
 'the turpentine tree.' Phyma Anthrax, Termin- 
 thus. Berry or Fungous carbuncle. The ancients 
 gave this name to a tumour, surmounted by a 
 black pustule, and resembling the fruit of the 
 turpentine tree. 
 
 TERirixTHUs, Pistacia terebinthus. 
 TERMINUS SUPERIOR ASPER^ ARTE- 
 RliE, Larynx. 
 
 TERMONOLOGY, Nomenclature. 
 TERMS, Menses. 
 
 TERRA ABSORBENS MINERALIS, Magne- 
 site carbonas — t. Aluminis, Argilla pura — t. Ama.- 
 ra aerata, Magnesi;e carbonas — t. Amara sulphu- 
 rica, MagnesitB sulphas — t. Bolaris, Argilla pura 
 — t. Foliata, Sulphur — t. Foliata mincralis, Soda 
 acetata — t. Foliata tartari, Potassse acetas — t. 
 Fornacum, see Bricks — t. Fullonica, Cimolia 
 purpurescens — t. Japonica, Catechu, Nauclea 
 gambir. 
 
 Terra Lem'nia, Argilla bolus favn, Lem'nian 
 Earth, Ijemj^'nias. A name given by the ancients 
 to a solid, reddish, astringent, substance, pre- 
 pared with the pulp of the fruit of the Baobab, 
 an African tree, according to Prosper Alpinus. 
 It seems, however, to be an argillaceous earth. It 
 has been employed as an astringent. 
 
TERKAPIN 
 
 849 
 
 TETANUS 
 
 TeehA Livon'ica. a terra sigiUa'ta or sealed 
 *arth from Li\'onia, redder than that from Silesia, 
 dind very astringent. 
 
 Terra Merita, Cureuma longa. 
 
 Terra JSfocERiA'NA. A whitish, soft, and as- 
 tringent earth, found in the environs of Nocera, 
 in Italy. 
 
 Terra Orlea'nA, Pigmen'tnm urucn, Uriicu, 
 (F.) Rocou, Boucou, BieJiet. A pigmental matter 
 obtained from the seeds of Bixa ^Orleana seu 
 Orella'na seu America'na, Orella'na, Orlea'na. 
 In Jamaica, it is recommended in dysentery, and 
 is considered to possess astringent and stomachic 
 qualities. It is called, according to its shape. 
 Flag, Roll, or Egg Annotto. 
 
 Spanuh Annotto, Bixa, is in small, oblong 
 cakes. It is chiefly employed as a colouring 
 matter. 
 
 Terra Os'sea, Ifate'ria ossea. Bony matter. 
 The earthy portion of bones. 
 
 Terra Ponderosa, Baryta— t. Ponderosa mu- 
 riata. Baryta, muriate of — t. Ponderosa salita, 
 Baryta, muriate of — t. Saponaria, Cimolia pur- 
 purescens. 
 
 Terra Portugal'lica, Barros, Bucaros. A 
 reddish, astringent, styptic earth, obtained from 
 Portugal. 
 
 Terra Sigilla'ta, Sealed Earth. A bole or 
 earthy matter, made into little cakes or flat 
 masses, and stamped with certain impressions, 
 as with the head of the Grand Seignior. To 
 these belong the Terra Silesiaca, Terra Lemnia, 
 T. Turcica. See Bolus alba. 
 
 Terra Silesiaca, see Terra sigillata — t. Tal- 
 cosa oxyanthracodes, Magnesiie carbonas — t. 
 Turcica, see Terra sigillata. 
 
 Terra Uri'n^. The earthy deposit in the 
 urine. 
 
 Terra Vitrioli Dulcis, Colcothar. 
 
 TERRAPIN, Emys palustris. 
 
 TERRE BOLAIRE, Bolus— f. A^oi'.r, Bunium 
 bulbocastanum — t.Pesante, Baryta — t. SigiUee, 
 Bolus alba. 
 
 TERRETTE, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 TERTIAN FEVER, Fehris tertia'va, An'etns 
 tertianus, I'ritce'v.s, Tertian Ague, ( F. ) Fievre 
 tierce. An intermittent, whose paroxyms recur 
 every third day, or every 48 hours. The mildest, 
 and the vaoit pernicious, intermittents belong to 
 this head. As a general rule, it is the most ma- 
 nageable form of ague. 
 
 TERTIANABIA. Scutellaria galericulata, 
 
 TESSARA, Cuboid. 
 
 TESSELLA, Tabella. 
 
 TEST, DANIEL'S, see Doeimasia pulmonum 
 — t. Hydrostatic, see Doeimasia pulmonum — t. 
 Plouequet's, see Doeimasia pulmonum — t. Static, 
 see Doeimasia pulmonum. 
 
 TESTA, see Ostrea. 
 
 Testa Pr^para'ta, Prepared Oyster-shell. 
 Oyster-shell, freed from extraneous matter,washed 
 with boiling water, reduced to powder, and pre- 
 pared in the same manner as Greta prseparata. 
 
 TESTA'CEOUS, from testa, 'a shell.' A pow- 
 der, consisting of burnt shells. These contain 
 cai'bonate of lime chiefly, and hence the term 
 has been applied to cretaceous substances. See 
 Greta. 
 
 TEST^ FORNACE^, Bricks— t. Ostrese, see 
 Ostrea. 
 
 TESTES. The Testicles. Vulgarly, the Stones. 
 A name, also, given to the inferior tubercles of 
 the corpora quadrigemina, to distinguish them 
 from the superior, called Nates. 
 
 Testes Cerebri, see Quadrigemina corpora, 
 
 TES'TICLE, Testis, T. viri'lis, Testie'ulus, 
 Orchis, Pomum amo'ris, Did'ymus, Her'nia, Gem'- 
 ini (pi.). Gemelli d^].). Ovum, (P.) Testietde, from 
 61 
 
 testis, 'a witness;' because the testicles are evV 
 denees of virility. The name of two glandular 
 organs, contained in the scrotum, whose oiSce is 
 to secrete sperm. The substance of the testicle 
 consists of numerous conical, flattened lobules — 
 lob'uli testis — whose bases are directed towards 
 the surface of the organ, and the apices towards 
 the corpus llighmorianum. They are formed of 
 a gray and sottish substance, composed of tor- 
 tuous canals, called Tu'hnli seminif ' eri vel Yasa 
 semina'lia, folded on each other, and of extreme 
 fineness ; the number of which, according to the 
 estimate of Monro, is 62,500, and the total length 
 5,208 feet. All these canals, uniting in their 
 course, pass through the corpus Highmorianum, 
 concur in forming the epididymis, and give origin 
 to the vas deferens. The testicles are covered, 
 immediately, by a fibrous membrane, of an opake 
 white colour, and very tough, called Tu'nica Al- 
 hugin'ea, or, simply, Alhugin'ea, Perifea'tis, of 
 which the corpus Highmorianum is only an en- 
 largement. Over this, again, is the tunica vagi- 
 nalis, the second envelope of the testis. 
 
 Testicle, Swelled, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 TESTICONDUS, Crypsorchis. 
 
 TESTICULE, Testicle. 
 
 TESTICULIIS, Testicle — t. Aceessorius, Epi- 
 didvmis — t. Caninus, Orchis mascula. 
 
 TESTIMONIUM MATURITA'TIS. ' Evi- 
 dence of fitness.' A certificate of complete edu- 
 cation, required, in the Prussian universities, of a 
 candidate, before he can be admitted to examina- 
 tion for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 TESTIS FEMINEUS, Ovary — t. Irritable, 
 Orchidalgia — t. Minor, Prostate — t. Muliebris, 
 Ovary — t. Virilis, Testicle. 
 
 TESTUDINATIO CRANII, Gamarosis. 
 
 TESTU'DO, Chelo'ne, (F.) Tortue. A genus 
 of reptiles, including the turtle, the flesh of which 
 is much esteemed as an article of diet. 
 
 Also, an encysted tumour, which has been sup- 
 posed to resemble the shell of a turtle; Emphy'- 
 ■ma encys'iis gang'lion. See Talpa. 
 
 Testudo Cerebri, Fornix — t. Scapulae, see 
 Scapula. 
 
 TETAN'IG, Tetan'icum, Spas'ticum, Conmdsi'- 
 vum, Convxd'sive, from Ttivu>, ' I stretch.' A re- 
 medy, which acts on the nerves, and, through 
 them, on the muscles, occasioning, in large doses, 
 convulsion^. The chief agents of this class are 
 Nuv Vomica, Strychnia, Brucia, Arnica, and 
 Toxicodendron. 
 
 Also, an epithet for a tonic convulsion. 
 
 TETANOMATA, Tetanothra. 
 
 TETANO'THRA, Tetanom'ata, Ervgato'ria, 
 from Tsravog, ' free from wrinkles.' Medicines 
 which remove wrinkles. — Gorrseus. 
 
 TETANOS, Tetanus. 
 
 TET'ANUS, from tei^m, 'I stretch.' Spasm 
 with rigidity, Convul'sio In'dica, Holoton'ia, Ho- 
 loton'icxis, Holotet'anus, Tet'anns vniversa'lia, Ri- 
 gor nervo'sus seu nervo'rum, Exten'sio seu I)is- 
 ten'sio, Enta'sia tetanus, Cat'ochiis cervi'nus, Cat- 
 ochus holoton'icns, (F.) Tetanos. A disease which 
 consists in a permanent contraction of all the 
 muscles or merely of some, without alternations 
 of relaxation. It is characterized by closure of 
 the jaws; difiiculty or impracticability of deglu- 
 tition ; rigidity and immobility of the limbs and 
 trunk, which is sometimes curved forwards {Em- 
 prosthot'onos), sometimes backwards {Opisthot'- 
 onos), and sometimes to one side (Pleurothot'o- 
 nos). When tetanus is confined to the muscles 
 of the jaws, it is called Trismus. It is a most 
 formidable affection. The means of treatment 
 are : — copious and repeated blood-let'ing; bath- 
 ing, cold and warm ; powerful dos^j of opiofii^ 
 
TETART^IJS 
 
 850 
 
 THALAMUS 
 
 and other narcotics. In Tranmaf'ic Tefanvs, or 
 that which supervenes on a ■wound, every extra- 
 neous matter must, of course, be removed from 
 the wound, and soothing applications be made 
 to it. 
 
 Tetanus Anticus, Emprosthotonos — t. Dolo- 
 rificus, Cramp — t. Dorsalis, Opisthotonos — t. 
 Lateralis, Pleurothotonos — t. Maxillse inferioris, 
 Trismus — t. Posterganeus, Opisthotonos — t. 
 Posticus, Opisthotonos — t. Universalis, see Te- 
 tanus. 
 
 TETART^US, Quartan. 
 
 TETAPtTOPHI'A, from Ttrapro?, 'the fourth,' 
 and 010), 'I arise.' Quarta'nua remit'tens. A 
 quartan, in which the intermission is inordinately 
 short or imperfect. 
 
 TBTE, Caput, Head — *, de Venn, Elephanti- 
 asis of the Greeks. 
 
 TETRADRACH'MON, from rtrpa?, 'four,' and 
 ipaxM, ' a drachm.' A weight of four drachms 
 or half an ounce. 
 
 TETRAGONUS, Platysma myoides. 
 , TETRAHIT LON&IFLORUM, Galeop- 
 Eis grandiflora. 
 
 TETRAMY'RON, from rerpa;, 'four,' and /jv- 
 pov, ' an ointment.' An ointment of four ingre- 
 dients. — Galen. 
 
 TETRANGURIA, Cucurbita eitruUus. 
 
 TETRAA'THE'RA PICHU'RIM, Faba Pi- 
 cJiurim, F. Peehu'rei. The seeds of this Brazilian 
 plant have been used in diarrhcea, dysentery, 
 flatulent colic, &c. Dose, ^ij. 
 
 TETRA'O COTUR'XIX, Coturnix, the Quail, 
 (F.) Caille. The quail is an esteemed article of 
 diet. The Greek name is oprv^; and the places, 
 called Orfi/fjia, are named after it. The excre- 
 ments of the quail were formerly extolled in epi- 
 lepsy, and the fat in specks of the eye. 
 
 'tETRAPHAR'MACUM, from rcrpag, 'four,' 
 and (papjiaKov, ' a medicine.' A medicine consist- 
 ing of four ingredients. 
 
 TETRAS'CELUS, from rtrpa, 'four,' and aKzM, 
 ' leg.' A monster having four legs. — Gurlt. 
 
 TETROB'OLO^f. The weight of four oboli, 
 or two scruples. — Gorrseus. 
 
 TETROROS, Astragalus. 
 
 TETTER, Herpes — t. Cmsted, Impetigo — t. 
 Honeycomb, Porrigo favosa — t. Humid, Eczema 
 impetigo — t. Milky, Porrigo larvalis — t. Pustu- 
 lar, Impetigo — t. Running, Impetigo — t. Scaly, 
 Psoriasis. 
 
 TETTERWORT, Chelidonium majus. 
 
 TEUCRIUM J^GTPTIAGUM, T. capitatum 
 — t. Belium, T. capitatum. 
 
 Tet.tcriuji Capita'tum, Poley Mountain of 
 Ilontpel'lier, T. Bel'iwn seu ^gypti'acum, Po'- 
 lium Capita'tnm, is, generally, substituted for the 
 last. The c mmon Poley JTovntain is the Teu- 
 erium monta'num; and the Golden Poley foun- 
 tain, the Teiicrium Po'lium, Po'lion. 
 
 Teu'crium Cham^'drys, T. offieina'le, Cha- 
 fnmdrys, C. minor repens, C. vulga'ria, Qucr'cula 
 minor seu Calamandri'na, Trissa'go, Chamm'- 
 drops, Trixa'go, Common German'der, Creeping 
 Germander, Small Germander, English Treacle, (F. ) 
 Petit r.hene, Germandree officinale. Family, Labi- 
 atfe. iS'e.r. Syst. Didynamia Gymnospcrmia. This 
 is possessed of aromatic and bitter properties. 
 The doFe of the dried powder is from ^ss to ^j. 
 
 TEUcnirJU Cham^p'ityS, Chamcppntys, Artliet'- 
 ira. Ar'hretica, Ajit'ga, A. Chamas})'itys, Bn'gnla 
 ChamcB'pitys, Ahiga, CJiamcsmo'rus, Jva arthrit'- 
 ira, Huloc'yron. lo' nia, Sideri'tis, CommonGround- 
 pinn, IF.) Petite Tvette. Properties like the last. 
 Tli>; tops or lejvps have been recommended as \ 
 
 aperients and tonics ; especially in female ob- 
 structions, and in paralytic disorders. 
 
 TECCRitrjf Cret'icum, T. Jiyssopifo'lium seu 
 Roamarinifo' Hum, Posmari'nus etce'chadia facie, 
 Poley-mountoin of Candy, Po'lium Cret'icinn. 
 The tops and whole herb enter into the old com- 
 pounds, Mitliridote and Theriaca. It has a mo- 
 derately aromatic smell; and a nauseous, bitter 
 taste, and is placed among the aperients and cor- 
 roborants. 
 
 TEUCRirjf Flayum has similar properties to 
 T. chamaedrys. 
 
 Teucrium HYSsopiFOLiujr, T. Creticum. 
 
 Teucrium Iva, Chama'pitya nwscha'ta, Tva 
 moscha'ta Ilonspelien'sium, Iva, Ghamapityg an- 
 thyl'lus, French Gro7indpine, (F.) Ivette mttsquee. 
 It has similar virtues to T. Chamtepitys, but is 
 weaker. 
 
 Teucrium Maritimum, T. Mamm. 
 
 Teucrium Marum, T. marit'imvm, Marum Sy- 
 ■riacum, Marum Cret'icnm, Mnjora'na Syriaca, 
 Marum verum, M. Cortu'si, Chamce'drys inca'na 
 marit'ima seu marum, Marum germander, Syrian 
 lierh mastich. Cot thyme, Orig'anum Syriaexim, 
 (F.) Marum on Germandree ma.ritime, Herhe aiix 
 chats. A very aromatic plant, of a camphorated 
 smell; formerly much used in medicine as a tonic, 
 antigpasmodic, emmenagogue, &c. 
 
 Teucrium Officinale, T. chamssdrys — t. Pa- 
 lustre, T. scordium — t. Pyramidale, Ajuga — t. 
 Rosmarinifolium, T. Creticum. 
 
 Teucrium Scor'dium, T. palus'tre, Wafer Ger- 
 mander, Scordium, Trissa'go palus'tris, ChamcB- 
 drys pahistris seu scor'dium, Al'liiim red'oleiis, 
 (F.) Germandree Scorndone, Sauge des hois, Ger- 
 mandree aquatique. The leaves have a garlicky 
 smell, and bitterish, slightly pungent taste. It 
 has the tonic properties of the other Teucria. 
 
 TEXTUM INTERLOBULARE, Interlobular 
 tissue. 
 
 TEXTURA, Texture — t. Organica, Histos. 
 
 TEX'TURAL. Same etymon as Texture. Re- 
 lating or appertaining to a texture. 
 
 TEXTURE, Textu'ra, Textus, from texere, tex- 
 tum, ' to weave.' Tela, Hypjha, Hyphe. The par- 
 ticular arrangement of the tissues that constitute 
 an organ. 
 
 TEXTUS, Texture, Tissue— t. Cellulosus, Cellu- 
 lar tissue — t. Desmosus, Desmoid tissue — t. Ner- 
 vorum, Plexus nervorum — t. Organicus, Cellular 
 tissue — t. Papillaris, Corpus papillare — t. Paren- 
 chYmalis, Cellular tissue. 
 
 THiBRIA, Radzyge. 
 
 THAL'AMUS, ^'a\apog, (F.) Couche. 'A room 
 or chamber; a bed.' The place at which a nerve 
 originates, or has been considered to originate. 
 
 Thal'ami Neryo'rum Optico'rum seu Op'tici, 
 Eminen'ticB magnce cer'ebri. Ganglia cerebri pos- 
 ti'ca. Crura medul'lcB oblonga'tas (of some), Stri- 
 a'ta cor'pora super'na poeterio'ra, Collic'uli ner- 
 vo'rum optico'rum, Op>tic thal'ami, Posterior cer'- 
 ebral gan'glion, (F.) Couches des nerfs oculnires, 
 (Ch.) Couches des nerfs optiques, Couches optiques. 
 Two rounded and irregular surfaces, which are 
 seen exposed in the lateral ventricles of the brain, 
 and in the third ventricle, the inferior surface of 
 which presents two projections, called Corpora 
 genicula'ta, that furnish several filaments to the 
 optic nerves. The name was given from a belief 
 that the optic nerves originate from them. They, 
 however, arise more posteriorly, and adhere merely 
 to the inner margin of those bodies. Gall consi- 
 ders, that the thalami act as ganglions to the 
 nerves ; and. hence, he calls them Grand ganglion 
 cerebral inferieur. The}' are, also, called Poste- 
 rior ganglion of the cerebrum. From the thalami 
 and corpora striata fibres proceed upwards to con- 
 stitute the convolutions of the brain, and the 
 
THALICTRON 
 
 851 
 
 THEORY 
 
 Tarious bands that connect the difTerent parts of 
 the brain together. The upper and inner parts 
 of the thalami are so closely connected as to form 
 one continued surface, called Commissu'ra mollis. 
 The posterior parts turn downwards and out- 
 wards ; after which they are elongated to form 
 the two white cords, termed Tractns op'tici. 
 
 Thalamus Regalis, Pericardium. 
 
 THALIC'TROIs^, Thalictrum, T. magnum,^ sen 
 flavum seajlaves'cens seu praten'se seu ni'gricans 
 geu rugo'sum seu vagina'tn.m, Jifeadoiv-rue, Poor 
 Man's jRhubarb, lihabar'barum }}au'23eni>n, (F.) 
 Pigamon jaundtre, Hue des pres, Fausse-Rhu- 
 harbe, Rhabarbe des pauvres. Family, Ranuncu- 
 lacese. Sex. Si/.it. Polyandria Polygynia. The 
 root resembles rhubarb in its properties. 
 
 THALICTRUM ANEMONOI'DES, Meadow 
 Rue, Rue-leaved Anem'ony ; an indigenous plant, 
 flowering in April and May. 
 
 THAMARIXDUS, Tamarindus. 
 
 THANASIMUS, Mortal. 
 
 THANATOLES, Mortal. 
 
 THAN'ATOID, ThanatoVdes ; from Oavaroi, 
 'death,' and u5oi, 'resemblance.' Resembling 
 death. Apparently dead. 
 
 THANATOL'OGY, Thanatolog"ia, Thnesco- 
 log"ia, from Qavaroq, 'death,' and Aoyof, 'a dis- 
 course.' A description, or the doctrine, of death. 
 
 THANATOS, Death. 
 
 THAP'SIA, from the island Thapsus. The 
 deadly carrot, Thapsia aacle'pias. Family, Um- 
 belliferte. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The 
 root operates violently, both upwards and down- 
 wards. It is not used. 
 
 THAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 THARSI, see Tarsus. 
 
 THASPIUM ATROPURPU'REUM, Th. cor- 
 da'tum, Round heart. The flowers, which appear 
 in June, are of a dark purple. 
 
 Thas'pium Baebino'de, Meadow Parsnep. An 
 indigenous plant, of the Northern and Western 
 States, — Order, Umbelliferse, — which flowers in 
 June. Flowers, yellow. 
 
 Both plants have been esteemed vulnerary, 
 antisyphilitic, and diaphoretic j and as antidotes 
 to the bite of a rattlesnake. 
 
 Thaspium Cordatum, Th. atropurpurbum. 
 
 THE, Thea — *. des Apialaches, Ilex vomitoria 
 — t. de France, Salvia — t. d'Europe, Salvia vero- 
 Dica — *. de la Mer du sud, Ilex vomitoria — t. du 
 Mexique, Chenopodium ambrosioides — t. de Si- 
 mon Pauli, Myrica gale — (. Suisse, Falltranck. 
 
 TEfEA, Chaa, Tea, (F.) The. There are two 
 principal species of tea-plant; the Thea Bohe'a, 
 and Thea vir'idis ; the black tea, and the green. 
 Family, Hesperidese. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mo- 
 nogynia. In commerce, many kinds of tea are 
 met with. Several of the differences between 
 these appear to result from the age at which the 
 leaves have been collected, and the mode of their 
 desiccation. 
 
 Tea-drinking was introduced into Europe about 
 the year 1666 ; since which time its use has become 
 almost universal; and, in spite of the assertions of 
 medical terrorists, it is, except in particular idio- 
 gyncraeies, entirely harmless. 
 
 By an analogical transference, very common 
 in language, the word Tea has been used almost 
 synonymously with infusion, as Beef tea, Mint 
 tea, &c. 
 
 Thea Germanic!, Veronica. 
 
 THEBE'SIUS, VEINS OF. A name given to 
 supposititious branches of the coronary veins, 
 ■which Christopher Adam Thebesius, a G-erman 
 anatomist, described as opening into the heart 
 by small depressions observable in the right 
 auricle j and which have been called Foram'ina 
 
 Thehe'sii. No such veins can be deaonstrated. 
 The valve, at the orifice of the coronary vein, 
 in the right ventricle, is called Valvula Thebe'sii, 
 Y. Guiffartia'na, V. vena maqna. 
 
 THECA, Case, Vagina, Sheath — t. Cerebri, 
 Cranium — t. Cordis, Pericardium — t. Vertebralis, 
 see Vertebra] canal. 
 
 THEION, Sulphur. 
 
 THEIOPEG^E, Water, mineral (sulphureous.) 
 
 THEIOTHERil^, Waters, mineral, sulphu. 
 reous. 
 
 THELASIS, Lactation. 
 
 THELASMUS, Lactation. 
 
 THELASTRIA, Nurse. 
 
 THELE, Nipple, Papilla. 
 
 THELI'TIS, from ©^At;, 'the female nipple,' 
 'the female breast,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the nipple. 
 
 THELON'CUS, Mastoncus. 
 
 THELOS, Mamma. 
 
 THELYGON'IA, from ^jjXof, 'pertaining to 
 the female sex,' and yovn, 'generation.' The part 
 taken by the female in the act of generation. 
 Also, nymphomania. 
 
 THELYGONUM, Sperm (of the female.) 
 
 THELYPTERIS, Pteris aquUina. 
 
 THENAD, Thenal. 
 
 THENAL, Thenar; same etymon as thenar. 
 Relating or appertaining to the thenar. 
 
 Thenal Aspect. An aspect towards the sido 
 on which the thenar is situated. — Barclay. The- 
 nad is used, adverbially, by the same writer, to 
 signify ' towards the thenal aspect.' 
 
 THENAR, 5£i/ap, from ^ivu}, 'I strike.' The 
 palm of the hand, or sole of the foot. 
 
 Thenar, Flexor brevis pollicis manus. Palm. 
 
 Thenar or Thenal Em'inence is the projec- 
 tion at the anterior and outer part of the hand, 
 formed by the abductor brevis, opponens, and 
 flexor brevis pollieles. 
 
 Thenar or Thenal Muscle. Riolan and 
 Winslow give this name to the fleshy mass, 
 formed of the abductor brevis, opponens pollicis 
 and the anterior part of the flexor brevis pollicis 
 In the foot, Winslow gives the name Thend 
 muscle to the abductor and flexor brevis pollicii 
 pedis. 
 
 THEOBROMA CACAO, Cacao. 
 
 THEOMANIA, Demonomania. 
 
 THEOPLEGIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 THEOPLEXIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 THEORET'ICAL, Theoret'icus, Theo'rieut,, 
 from 3-tMpEa), ' I contemplate.' (F.) Theoretiqut . 
 Theorique. That which is confined to theory, v' 
 is connected with it. An epithet also applied t'» 
 a sect of physicians, who founded their doctrine 
 chiefly on reasoning. 
 
 THEJ3RIA, Theory. 
 
 THEORIQ UE, Theoretical. 
 
 THE'ORY, Theo'ria, from Sttopeu, 'I contem- 
 plate.' The speculative part of a science. Th« 
 connexion established in the mind between a 
 general fact, or the least possible number of gene- 
 ral facts, and all the particular facts dependent 
 thereon: for example, the motions of the heavenly 
 bodies, and the most important natural pheno- 
 mena are connected with a single fact, previously 
 known by observation; viz. that the force of gra- 
 vity acts inversely according to the square of the 
 distance. This constitutes the theory of univer- 
 sal gravitation. Theory must not be confoundeu 
 with system. Theory regards nature as it is, and 
 is a rigid deduction from facts. System is too 
 often the creature of the imagination, to which 
 nature is made to bend. 
 
 Theory of Medicine, Institutes of Ifedicine, 
 Theoretical Medicine, is that part of the scienoa 
 
 / 
 
THEIOTHERM^ 
 
 852 
 
 THIRST 
 
 ■which attempts philosophically to account for 
 the various phenomena that present themselres 
 during health as well as in disease. It is the 
 philosophy of Medicine. The Institutes of Medi- 
 cine are generally considered to comprise Phy- 
 siology and its applications to Patholog}', Hy- 
 giene, and Therapeutics. By some, it is con- 
 sidered to include General Pathology and Gene- 
 ral Therapeutics. 
 
 THEIOTHEPtMJE, Waters, mineral, sulphu- 
 reous. 
 
 TIIERAPEIA, Curation, Therapeutics. 
 
 THE RAPE USIS, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERAPEUTA, Therapeutist. 
 
 THERAPEUTICE, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERAPEU'TICS, Therapeu'tice, Therapeu'- 
 sia, Thera2')en'sis, latrotech' nice, Practice of Phy- 
 sic, Therapei'a, Tlierapi'a, Carato'riu Meth'odus, 
 Methodus Meden'di, from ^cpa-nivui, 'I wait upon, 
 I alleviate, I attend upon the sick.' (F.) Thera- 
 peutiqiie. That part of medicine, the object of 
 which is the treatment of disease. With others, 
 the department which comprises an explanation 
 of the modus operandi of medicines. 
 
 THERAPEUTIQUE, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERAPEU'TIST, Therapeu'ta. Same ety- 
 mon. One who jjractises therapeutics. A prac- 
 titioner of medicine. To be a good therapeutist, 
 a man must be well versed in every department 
 of medicine, and be capable of observing and rea- 
 soning well. He may be a good observer, and 
 yet a bad reasoner. He cannot practise well un- 
 less he is both. Hence, the comparatively small 
 number of good therapeutists. 
 
 THERAPIA, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERIA, Radzyge. 
 
 THERIAC, Theriaca — t. of Antipater, Anti- 
 patri theriaca. 
 
 THERIACA, SvptaKa, The'riac, from ^);p, 'a 
 ferocious or venomous animal,' and aKso/iat, ' I 
 cure.' Treacle. (F.) Theriaque. A medicine, 
 believed to be capable of curing or preventing 
 the effects of the bite of a venomous animal. In 
 this sense it is chiefly used by writers. Theriac 
 and Theriacal have been used adjectively for 
 medicinal. 
 
 Theriaca Androm'achi, Venice Treacle, is an 
 ancient alexipharmic electuary; consisting of a 
 farrago of 61 different ingredients, which pos- 
 sessed the most opposite properties. It was in- 
 vented by Andromachus of Crete, and prepared 
 by order of iST ero. It has received various modi- 
 fications; and, to the discredit of the Faeulte de 
 Medecine of Paris, has held its place in their 
 Codes, with even an additional number of ingre- 
 dients. The Electua'rium Opia'tum polyjyhar'- 
 inacuni of the Codex has contained ncid ingre- 
 dients, 5: astrinf/ent, 5; bitter, 22; indigenous aro- 
 matics, 10 ; umbelliferous aromntics, 7; balsams 
 and resinous substances, 8; fetid ingredients, 6; 
 narcotics, 1; earthy substances, 1; gummy or amy- 
 laceous, 4; saccharine, 3; total 72! and one of 
 these the flesh of the viper ! A little more than 
 a grain of opium is contained in each drachm of 
 the compound. 
 
 Theria'^a Celestis, Tinctura opii — t. Com- 
 munis, Melasses — t. Edinensis, Confectio opii. 
 
 Theriaca Germano'rum. An extract or rob, 
 prepared from juniper berries. Used as a sto- 
 machic. 
 
 Theriaca Londinen'sis, Cataplasma Cymi'ni. 
 A caJarj^asm of cumin seed, hay berries, german- 
 de" anakeroot, cloves, ho7iey, and sometimes opium, 
 or syrup of poppies. 
 
 Theriaca Rusticorum, Allium. 
 THERTAQUE, Theriaca. 
 
 THERIAKI, Id Turkey, opium-eaters, or they 
 
 who* indulge largely in the use of opium, are bo 
 called. 
 
 THERIATRICA, Veterinary art. 
 
 THERIODES, Ferine. 
 
 THERIO'MA, Therion, from ^rjp, 'a venomous 
 animal.' Any extremely malignant ulcer. Some- 
 times confined to ulcers of the lungs. 
 
 THERIOX, Therioma. 
 
 THERIOTOMY, Zootomy. 
 
 THERMA, Heat— t. Emphytum, Animal heat 
 
 THERM.-E, ^cfjiai, Ther'mata. Warm bathj 
 or springs. See Waters (mineral.) 
 
 Therms FabarItE, Pfeffers Mineral Waters 
 of — t. Piperinae, Pfeffers, Mineral Waters of — t. 
 Plumbarise, Plombieres, Mineral Waters of. 
 
 THERMAL, Therma'lis; from ^epf^v, 'heat,' 
 &£pnos, ' hot.' Relating or appertaining to heat- 
 Hot, warm. As 'a thermal mineral water.' 
 
 THERMANTICA, Calefacients. 
 
 THERMASMA, Fomentation. 
 
 THERMATA, Thermae. 
 
 THERMUM EMPHYTUM, Animal heat, Eio- 
 lychnium. 
 
 THESIS, eeats, from nerj,!,, 'to place.' 'A 
 position or proposition.' iJisputa'tio, Inung'ural 
 Disserta'tion. The name usually given to the 
 essay composed by a candidate for graduation in 
 medicine, which he is at times required to defend 
 publicly. Often, however, it is a mere form, 
 giving useless labour and trouble to the student, 
 inasmuch as it is executed as a task, and never 
 afterwards regarded by the preceptor or by others. 
 Sandifort, Haller, Smellie, and Stoll, have pub- 
 lished collections of these. 
 
 Also, a suffix denoting 'arrangement;' hence 
 Diathesis. 
 
 THEVE'TIA A'HOUAT, Ahouai. The kernels 
 of the nut of this Brazilian tree are said to be a 
 violent poison. At the Antilles, its nuts are 
 called Noix de Serpent ; and they are used against 
 the bites of serpents. 
 
 THIGH, Sax. Seoh, Femur, Femen, Orus, Me- 
 rus, Me'rium, (F.) Cuisse. The part of the lower 
 limb which extends from the pelvis to the leg. 
 The thigh is larger at its superior than inferior 
 part, and has the form of an inverted and trun- 
 cated cone, slightly depressed from within out- 
 wards. Above, it is bounded, anteriorly, by the 
 groin; externally, by the hip; behind, by the fold 
 of the nates ; and within, by the perineal region. 
 Beloic, it is bounded, anteriorly, by the promi- 
 nence of the knee; posteriorly, by the ham. It 
 is formed of a considerable number of muscles, 
 blood-vessels, lymphatics, nerves, Ac; and is 
 covered by a strong aponeurosis. 
 
 THIGHBONE, Femur— t. Neck of the, Collum 
 femoris. 
 
 THION, Sulphur. 
 
 THIRST, Sax. »ypr^> (!>•) Dorst, Sitis, 
 Dipaa, Potio'nis dcside'rium, (F.) Soif. A simple 
 desire or an absolute want for liquids. Physio- 
 logists are not entirely agreed regarding the seat 
 of thirst; some place it in the fauces; others in 
 the stomach. Its immediate cause is not known. 
 It has been attributed to a dry condition nf the 
 nervous papillte of the pharynx, produced by 
 suppression of the salivary and mucous secre- 
 tions. This is probably true; but, again, it is 
 owing to the wants of the system, — a supply of 
 fluid being required to compensate the numerous 
 losses that are constantly taking place. Thirst 
 is an internal sensation, — an instinctive loaut — 
 arising from organization, and inexplicable. It 
 is an urgent symptom in many diseasss, particu- 
 larly in those of vascular excitement. 
 
 Thirst, Excessive, Polydipsia— t. Morbid 
 Dipsosis. 
 
THIESTY 
 
 853 
 
 THORACODIDYMUS 
 
 THIRSTY, Dlpsodes. 
 
 THISTLE, BLESSED, Centaurea benedicta 
 
 — t. Cotton, Onopordiuin acaiithium — t. Grlobe, 
 Eohinops — t. Holy, Centaurea benedieta — t. La- 
 dies', Carduus Marianus — t. Milk, common, Car- 
 duus Marianus — t. Pine, Atractylus gummifera 
 
 — t. Sow, Sunchus oleraceus — t. Star, Centaurea 
 calcitrapa — t. Yellow, Argemone Mexicana. 
 
 THLADIAS, Eunuch 
 
 THLASIAS, Eunuch. 
 
 THLASIS, Contusion — t. Depressio, Depres- 
 sion. 
 
 TIILASMA, Contusion — t. Concussio, Concus- 
 sion — t. Stremma, Sprain. 
 
 THLASPI, Pennycress. Family, Crucifera3. 
 Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Two species 
 of thlaspi are directed, in some pharmacopoeias, 
 for medical use: — the Thlaspi arven'se or Treacle 
 mustard, and the Thlaspi campes'tre seu liirsu'tum 
 seu vulga'tiits, Lepid'ium campes'tre, Lep'ia cam- 
 pcs'tris, Ibe'ris campes'tris, llith'rtdate mustard. 
 The pharmaceutical properties of both kinds re- 
 semble those of common mustard. 
 
 Thlaspi Bursa, Th. bursa'tum, Capsell'a bursa 
 pasto'ris, Ibe'ris bursa pastoris, Nastur'tium bursa 
 piastoris, Rodschie'dia bursa 2>asto'ris, Bursa pas- 
 to'ris, (F.) Bourse d berger, Bourse a pasteur, Ta- 
 bouret, Shepherd's purse. A common European 
 plant, introduced into this country. It is slightly 
 astringent, but is little used. 
 
 Thlaspi Bursatum, Thlaspi bursa — th. Na- 
 sturtium, Lepidium sativum — th. Sativum, Lepi- 
 dium sativum. 
 
 THLIBIAS, Eunuch. 
 
 THLIPSENCEPH'ALUS, from eXiv^isr, 'com- 
 pression,' and eyK£(pa\os, 'the encephalon.' A 
 monster in whom the skull is open, not merely in 
 the frontal and parietal, but also in the occipital 
 regions — a distinct fontanelle not existing. 
 
 THLIP'SIS, ^Xit/ztf, Compres'sio. Compres- 
 sion, and especially constriction of vessels by an 
 xternal cause. Oppression. 
 
 THXESCOLOGIA, Thanatology. 
 
 THOLUS, Aehicolum — t. Diocleus, Scapha. 
 
 THOMPSO'NIAN. One who practises or be- 
 lieves in Thompsonianism. 
 
 THOMPSO'NIANISM, Thomp'sonism. A fan- 
 ciful doctrine, of which a person of the name of 
 Thompson, of ISTew York, is the founder. One 
 of its leading principles is, that the human body 
 is composed of four elements (?), earth, air, fire 
 and water; and one of its apothegms, — that 
 metals and minerals are in the earth, and, being 
 extracted from the depths of the earth, have a 
 tendency to carry all down into the earth who 
 use them; that the tendency of all vegetables is 
 to spring up from the earth, and therefore to up- 
 hold mankind from the grave. 
 
 The Thompsonians are Botanic Physicians. 
 
 THORACENTE'SIS, Paracente'sis Thora'cis, 
 from Siiipa^, ' the thorax,' and Kcvrncn?, ' perfora- 
 tion.' Tapping the thorax. Perforation of the 
 thorax. 
 
 THORACHIQUE, Thoracic. 
 
 THORACIC, Thorac"icu8, from thorax, 'the 
 chest;' (F.) Thoracique ou Thorachique. That 
 what relates or belongs to the chest; as Thoracic 
 vis'cera, <fcc, 
 
 Thokacig Inferior Artert, Arte'ria Tho- 
 rae"ica Ejcter'na Infe'rior vel Longa, A. mam- 
 ma'ria externa, A. Thoracica inferior, (F.) Deux- 
 Qme des Thoraciques (Ch.), arises from the axil- 
 lary, a little below the preceding, and descends 
 vertically over the lateral part of the thorax, and 
 the serratus major anticus. It afterwards bends 
 inwards ; becomes subcutaneous, and divides into 
 several branches, which embrace the breast. It 
 ^ves numerous ramifications to the pectoralia 
 
 major, serratus anticus, intercostals, ganglions of 
 the axilla, mamma, &c. 
 
 Thoracic Superior Artery, Arte'ria Thora- 
 cica Exter'na Superior, (F.) Artere thorctcique su- 
 perieure, Premiere des Thoraciques (Ch.), arises 
 from the axillary artery or from the acromial; 
 and descends forwards between the pectoralis 
 major and P. minor, to which it distributes itself 
 by a great number of branches. In some sub- 
 jects, there are two or three Arteria thoracicce 
 externcB sujjeriores. 
 
 Thoracic Duct, Ductus thorac"icus seu chy'li- 
 fer seu chyli seu lac'teus seu ro'rifer seu Pecquet i 
 seu Pecquet ia' mis. Vena alba thora'cis, Alveua 
 ampulles'cens, Distributo'ria laetea thoracica, Duc- 
 tus thoracicus paste' rior seu vertebra.'lis, Galax'ia, 
 Duct of Pecquet, Alimen'tary Duct, (P.) Canal OU 
 Conduit Thoracique, is the duct in which the 
 lymphatics of the lower limbs, abdomen, left su- 
 perior extremity, left side of the head, neck, and 
 thorax terminate. It begins at the recepitaculum 
 chyli, which is formed by the union of five or six 
 large lymphatic trunks, — themselves formed from, 
 the union of all the absorbent plexuses of the 
 abdomen. The duct ascends into the chest 
 through the pillars of the diaphragm, and by the 
 side of the aorta and vena azygos. It contracts 
 in dimension, as far as the 6th dorsal vertebra, 
 when it inclines towards the left hand; ascends 
 behind the arch of the aorta; passes behind the 
 left internal jugular vein, and opens at the poste- 
 rior part of the subclavian vein of the same side. 
 Its embouchure is furnished with two valves, 
 which prevent the blood from passing from tho 
 vein into the duct. 
 
 Thoracic Ldibs are the upper limbs ; so called 
 because they are articulated with the lateral and 
 upper parts of the chest. 
 
 Thoracic, Long or Inferior, Mammary infe- 
 rior external artery. 
 
 Thoracic Nerves. The short or anterior tho- 
 racic nerves are two in number. They arise from 
 the brachial plexus, and divide into an anterior 
 and a posterior branch : — the former distributed 
 to the pectoralis major muscle; the latter uniting 
 with a branch of the other to form a loop, from 
 which numerous branches are given off to the 
 pectoralis major and p. minor. 
 
 The long thorac"ic nerve, Poste'rior thorac"ic, 
 External respiratory of Sir Charles Bell, is along 
 branch, which arises from the fourth and fifth 
 cervical nerves, immediately after their escape 
 from the intervertebral foramina, and joasses 
 downwards to be distributed upon the serratus 
 magnus muscle. 
 
 Thoracic Regions are the difi'erent regions of 
 the chest. Thus we say, anterior, lateral, and 
 superior thoracic, &c. 
 
 THORACICA, Pectorals. 
 
 THORACICS, FIRST OF THE, Mammary 
 superior external artery. 
 
 THORACIQUE, Thoracic. 
 
 THORACOCENTE'SIS, from $o,pa^, 'the 
 chest,' and KtvTnais, 'puncture.' Paracente'sis 
 thora'cis. Puncture of the chest to evacuate con- 
 tained fluid — as in empyema. 
 
 THORACOCYSTIS, Thoracystis. 
 
 THOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS, Did'ymua 
 sym'phyo-ihoracogas'trius, Xy2:)hodid' ymus : from 
 ■Suipaf, ' the chest,' yaoT?;p, ' the bellj'",' and Siivjius, 
 ' a twin.' A monstrosity in which twins are uni- 
 ted by the chest and abdomen. — Gurlt. 
 
 THORACO-FACIAL, Platysma myoides — <. 
 Maxillo-facial, Platysma myoides. 
 
 THORACODID'YMUS, from 5a.paf, 'the "best,' 
 and iiSvrjos, 'a twin.' A monstrosity in which 
 twins are united by the thorax. — GuriL 
 
 / 
 
THORACODYIs^E 
 
 854 
 
 THYMUS 
 
 TirOEACODYJTE, Pleurodynia. 
 
 THORACOPATIU'A, from Swpa^, 'the cbest,' 
 and vados, ' disease.' Disease or suffering in the 
 chest. 
 
 THOP.ACOSCOPIA, see Auscultation. 
 
 THORACOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope. 
 
 THORACYST'IS, Thoracoojstis, from Qi^pa^, 
 'the chest/ and Kvang, 'a bladder.' Encysted 
 dropsy of the chest. Hydatids in the chest. 
 
 THORAX, doipa^, 'a, cuirass, a coat of mail.' 
 CitJi'arus, Venter Die'dina, Pectus, Stethw), Scutum 
 pee'toris, the Breast, the Chest, Bir, Chehjs, Cas- 
 ta, (F.) Pottrine. One of the splanchnic cavities ; 
 bounded, posteriorly, by the vertebrae ; laterally, 
 by the ribs and scapula; anteriorly, by the ster- 
 num; above, by the clavicle; and below, by the 
 diaphragm. It is destined to lodge and protect 
 the chief organs of respiration and circulation — 
 the lungs and the heart. 
 
 Thorax, Corset. 
 
 THORE, Sperm. 
 
 THORN apple, Datura stramonium— t. Red, 
 Datura Sanguinea. 
 
 THOROUGHSTEM, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 TH0R0UGHA\^AX, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 THOROUGHWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 THOROW-WAX, Bupleurura rotundifolium. 
 
 THORULUS STRAMINEUS, Fanon. 
 
 THREADWORM, Dracunculus— t. Long, Tri- 
 chocephalus. 
 
 THREPSIS, Assimilation, Nutrition. 
 
 THREPSOL'OGY, Threpsolorfia, from V%J.(f, 
 'nutrition,' and Aoyof, 'a description.' The doc- 
 trine of, or a treatise on, the nutrition of organ- 
 ized bodies. 
 
 THREPTICE, Assimilation, 
 
 THRIDACE, Lactucarium. 
 
 THRIDAX, Lettuce. 
 
 THRIFT, LAVENDER, Statiee limonium— t. 
 American, Statiee Caroliniana — t. Sea-side, Sta- 
 tiee Garoliniana. 
 
 TURIN, Capillus, Hair. 
 
 THPlOAT, SpoCe, bpoca, Jugulum, Interstit"- 
 iura Jugula' re, Guttur, SjiJiage. The anterior part 
 of the neck. (F.) Gorge. Also, the Fauces, (F.) 
 Gosler. 
 
 THROATROOT, Geum Virginianum, Liatris. 
 
 THROATWORT, Campanula trachelium. 
 
 THE, ORBING, Pulsati'vus, Sphyrjinicus, 
 Sphygmo' des, Pul'satory. A throhhing pain, (F.) 
 Houleur puhative, is a kind of pain which is, or 
 seems to be, augmented by the pulsation of ar- 
 teries. 
 
 THROE, Agony, Pains, labour. 
 
 THROMBI LAGTEI, Infarctus mammee 
 laeteus. 
 
 THROMBOCYS'TIS, from SpopPog, 'a clot,' 
 and KvoTig, 'a cyst.' The cyst occasionally sur- 
 rounding a clot of blood — as in encephalic he- 
 morrhage. 
 
 THROMBOSIS, Coagulation, Thrombus. 
 
 THROMBUS, Opofxfio;, 'a clot,' from Tpt(j>uv, 
 'to coagulate;' Thromho'sis, Trumhus, Ilmmuto'- 
 ma. A small, hard, round, bluish tumour ; formed 
 by an effusion of blood in the vicinity of a vein 
 •which has been opened in the operation of blood- 
 letting. The thrombus is most commonly owing 
 to the opening in the vein and that of the skin 
 not corresponding; to excessive smallness of the 
 cutaneous orifice ; or to small, fatty granules, 
 which jirevent the discharge of the blood. Com- 
 presses, dipped in saltwater; camphorated spirit, 
 and slight compression, usually disperse it. See 
 Blood. 
 
 Thrombus Neonatorum, Cephalsematoma. 
 
 THROTTLE, Trachea. 
 
 THROW, Agony, Pains, labour. 
 
 THROWORT, Leonurus cardiaca. 
 
 THRUSH, Aphthaj — t. Milk, AphthjB— t. 
 AVhite, Aphthae. 
 
 THRYPSI3, Comminution. 
 
 THUJA OCCIDENTALIS, Thuya occiden- 
 talis. 
 
 THUREA, Juniperus lycia — t. Virga, Junipe- 
 rus lycia. 
 
 THUS, see Pinus abies — t.Foemininum, seePi- 
 nus abies — t. Judeeorum, Croton cascarilla, Sty- 
 rax, Thymiama — t. Libanotos, Juniperus Ij'cia — 
 t. Masculum, .luniperus lycia — t. Verum, Junipe- 
 rus lycia — t. Vulgare, see Pinus abies. 
 
 THUYA APHYLLA, see Sandarac. 
 
 Thu'ya seu Thuja Occidenta'lis, T. ohtn'sa, 
 Cuprea' sus Arbor Vita, Arbor Vita, Tree of 
 Life. Nat. Family, Conifera;. The leaves and 
 W9od were formerly in high repute as resolvents, 
 sudorifics, and expectorants, and were given in 
 phthisical affections, intermittent fevers, and 
 dropsies. The expressed juice has been applied 
 to condylomata. The arrangement of the medul- 
 lary matter of the cerebellum, termed Arbor 
 VitcB, is also called Thuya. 
 
 TliYLACIITIS, Gutta rosea. 
 
 THYM, Thymus. 
 
 THYMA, Thymion. 
 
 THYMALOS, Taxus baccata. 
 
 THYMASTHMA, Asthma thymicum. 
 
 THYMBPuA, Satureia hortensis — t. Hispanica, 
 Thymus mastichina. 
 
 THYME, CAT,Teucrium Marum— t. Common, 
 Thymus — t. Lemon, see Thymus serpyllum — t. 
 Mother of, Thymus serpyllum — t. Virginia, 
 Pycnanthemum linifolium — t. Wild, Thymus ser- 
 pyllum. 
 
 THYMELjSIA, Daphne gnidium — t. Laureola, 
 Daphne laureola — t. Mezereum, Daphne meze- 
 reum — t. Monspeliaca, Daphne gnidium. 
 
 THYMELCO'SIS, from ^^o?, 'thymus,' and 
 'c\kos, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the thymus gland. 
 
 THYMI'AMA, Ovixtapa, 'a perfume;' Mush- 
 wood,. Thus Jadao' rum, (F.) Narcaphte. A bark 
 from Syria, Cilicia, &c., supposed to be the pro- 
 duct of the liquid storax tree. It has an agree- 
 able, balsamic smell ; approaching that of liquid 
 storax. 
 
 THYMiAjrA, Fumieation, SufBmentum. 
 
 THYMIASIOTECHNIA, Thymiatechny. 
 
 THYMIASIS, Fumigation. 
 
 THYMIATECH'NY, Thymiatech'nia, Thymt. 
 asiotech'nia, Curafumigato'ria, from Ovfuaua, 'an 
 odour,' and Tfxyn, 'art.' The ari of employing 
 perfumes in medicine. 
 
 THYM'ION, Thyma, Thymus, Porrum, Porrus, 
 Verru'ca rhagoVdca, Verru'ca miiwr, from Bvfio;, 
 ' thj'me.' A small wart on the skin, resembling 
 a bud of thyme. 
 
 THYMIOSIS, Framboesia — t. Indica, Fram- 
 boesia. 
 
 THYMI'TES. Wine impregnated with thyme, 
 
 TIIYMI'TIS, from ^u/ios, 'thymus,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 thj'mus gland. 
 
 THYMOPATHI'A, PsychopntJii'a, from ^v/jo;, 
 'the mind,' and ttoBos, 'affection.' A disease of 
 the mind. 
 
 THYMOS, Rage. 
 
 THYMOXAL'ME, from Svp,o<, 'thyme,' ofuf, 
 'acid,' and 'aXs, 'salt.' A compound of thyme, 
 vinegar, and salt. 
 
 THYMUS, Sv/iog, Ghind'uln Thymus, Corpus 
 Thymiamum seu Thy'micum, Glnn'dium, Thymus 
 gland. Corpus incomprehensiV He of Jos. Frank. 
 An organ, the uses of which are totally unknown. 
 
THTEA 
 
 855 
 
 THYROID 
 
 and which is seated in the upper separation of 
 the anterior mediastinum. The thymus has the 
 appearance of a glandular hody. It is oblong; 
 bilobate ; soft, and very variable in size and co- 
 lour. In the foetus, it is very large, and contains 
 in a central cavity — reservoir of the thymus — a 
 milky fluid; but it gradually disappears, and in 
 old age is scarcely discernible. The arteries, 
 called thymic, are from the inferior thyroid, inter- 
 nal mammary, bronchial, and mediastinal. The 
 veins have the same arrangement. It receives 
 some nervous filaments from the pneumogastric 
 Qerves, the phrenic, and the inferior cervical 
 ganglia. 
 
 Thtmus, T. vulga'ris seu temufo'lius seu hor- 
 ten'sis, Common Thyme, (F.) Thym, T. ordinaire. 
 Family, Labiatse. Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymno- 
 spermia. This herb has an agreeable, aromatic 
 smell ; and a warm, pungent taste. It is reputed 
 to be resolvent, emmenagogue, tonic, and stoma- 
 chic. It is not much used. 
 
 Thymus, Satureia capitata, Thymion — t. Cala- 
 minthus, Melissa ealamintha — t. Capitatus, Satu- 
 reia capitata — t. Ciliatus, T. mastiehina — t. Cre- 
 ticus, Satureia capitata — t. Hortensis, Thymus — 
 t. Includens, T. serpyllum. 
 
 Thymus Mastich'ina, T. cilia'tus, Common 
 herb Ifastich, JIarum vuJga're, Samp'suchus, Cli- 
 nopo'dia, Mastich'ina Gallo'rum, Thymhra Ilis- 
 pan'ica, Jaca In'dica. A low, shrubby, Spanish 
 plant, used as an errhine. It has a smell like 
 mastich. Its virtues resemble those of the Marum 
 Syriacum ; but it is said to be less powerful. 
 
 Thymus Moltiflorus, Melissa nepeta — t. Ne- 
 peta, Melissa nepeta. 
 
 Thymus Serpyl'lum, T. inclu'dens, Mother of 
 Thyme, Wild Thyme, Her'pylos, Herpyl'los, Ser- 
 pyl'lum, Serpid'lum, Serpil'lum, Gila'rmn, Ser- 
 pyl'lum vulgn're minus, (F.) Serpolet. This plant 
 has the same sensible properties as the garden 
 thyme ; but has a milder, and rather more grate- 
 ful flavour. Lemon Thyme, the Serpyllum citra'- 
 tum, is merely a variety of the Thymus Serpyllum. 
 It is very pungent ; and has a particularly grate- 
 ful odour, approaching that of lemons. 
 
 Thymus Sylvaticus, Clinopodium vulgare — 
 th. Sylvestris, Satureia capitata — th. Tenuifo- 
 lius, Thymus. 
 
 THYRA, 0upa, 'a gate, folding-door.' In com- 
 position, Thyreo and Thyro, ^vpcos, ' a shield re- 
 sembling a folding-door,' mean the thyroid car- 
 tilage. 
 
 THYREMPHRAXIS, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYREO, Thyro, in composition, relate to the 
 thyroid cartilage or gland. 
 
 THYREO ADENITIS, Thyreoitis. 
 
 T H Y R E 0-A RY T'E N 1 D, Thyro-arytenoi- 
 deus, or Thyro-aryteno'ides. That which relates 
 to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. 
 
 Thyreo-arytexoid Ligaments, Inferior Liga- 
 ments of the Larynx, Lips of the Glottis, Vocal 
 Cords, are two ligaments about two lines broad, 
 formed of elastic and parallel fibres, which are 
 contained in a duplicature of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the larynx. They extend horizontally 
 from the anterior projection at the base of each 
 arytenoid cartilage to the middle of the angle of 
 union of the thyroid cartilage. They are the 
 essential organs of voice. See Glottis. 
 
 THYREO-ARYTEXOrD MuSCLES, ThYREO-ARY- 
 
 TENoiDEi, are thin muscles, which arise from the 
 middle and inferior part of the posterior surface 
 of the thyroid cartilage; whence they proceed 
 backwards and outwards, to be inserted into the 
 outer part of the base of the arytenoid cartilage. 
 They give the necessary tension to the ligaments 
 of the glottis, in the production of the voice. 
 
 Santorini has given the name Thyreo-arytendl- 
 deus obliquus to a portion of the arytenoideut 
 muscle. 
 
 T H Y R E 0-E P I G L T'T I C, Thyreo-epiglot- 
 tideus, Thyrepiglott'icus. Sabatier and Santorini 
 have given this name to the outer portion of the 
 thyro-arytenoid muscle ; because it passes from 
 the thyroid cartilage to the anterior part of the 
 epiglottis. 
 
 THYREO-HYOID, Thyro-hyoideus, Thyro- 
 hyo'ides, Hyodeothyreo'des. That which belongs 
 or relates to the thyroid cartilage and os hyoides. 
 
 Thyreo-hyoid or Hyo-thyroid Membrane 
 is a very broad, yellowish, fibrous membrane, 
 thicker at the middle than at the extremities, 
 which is attached above to the posterior surface 
 of the body and great cornu of the os hyoides ; 
 and, below, to the whole superior edge of the 
 thyroid cartilage. 
 
 THYREO-HYOIDEUS or Hyo -thyreoid eua 
 Muscle is situate at the anterior and superior 
 part of the neck. It is attached to the ciblique 
 line on the anterior surface of the thyroid car- 
 tilage ; to the inferior edge of the body of the os 
 hyoides, and to the anterior portion of its great 
 cornu. It approximates the thyroid cartilage 
 and os hyoides to each other, by raising the car- 
 tilage, and with it the whole larynx: or, it can 
 depress the os hyoides. 
 
 T H Y R E O-PHARYNGEUS, Thyro-Pharyn- 
 geus. 
 
 THYREOID, Thyroid. 
 
 THYREOIDEUS, Thyroideal, 
 
 THYREOI'TIS, Thyreoadeni'tis, Angi'na thy- 
 reo'idea, from ^vQtos, ' a shield,' and itis, denot- 
 ing inflammation. Inflammation of the thyroid 
 gland. 
 
 THYREOXCUS, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYREOPHRAXIA, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYREPIGLOTTICUS, Thyreoepiglottie. 
 
 THYRO, see Thyreo. 
 
 THYRO-ARYTENOID, Thyreo-arytenoid. 
 
 THYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS, see Crico- 
 pharyngeal. 
 
 THYRO-HYOIDEUS, Thyreo-hyoid. 
 
 THYRO-PHARYNGEUS, Thyreo-pharyngeus. 
 Valsalva, Morgagni, Santorini, and Winslow have 
 given this name to the portion of the constrictor 
 pharyngis inferior, which is attached to the thy- 
 roid cartilage. 
 
 Thyro-Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis, 
 see Crico-pharyngeal. 
 
 THYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS, Pa- 
 lato-pharyngeus. 
 
 THYROCELE, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYROID, Thy'reoid, ThyroVdes, from ^vpa, 
 ' a gate or folding-door,' or from 5vpco;, ' a shield,' 
 and uioi, ' form.' That which has the shape of a 
 folding-door. 
 
 Thyroid Car'tilage, Cartila'go Scutifor'mis, 
 C. Scuta' lis, 0. Glypea'lis, Coopertorium, C. Pel- 
 ta'lis seu pelta'tus, Scutum., Ada'mi Morsus Os, 
 is the largest of the cartilages of the larj'nx, at 
 the anterior part of which it is situate. It is 
 larger transversely than vertically; broader above 
 than below; and seems formed by the junction 
 of the two quadrilateral plates, which produce, 
 by their union, an angle tftat projects forwards. 
 Its two posterior margins terminate above, and 
 on each side, by an ensiform prolongation, called 
 the greater cornu of the thyroid cartilage ; and, 
 below, by a less prominent eminence, the lesser 
 cornu, which is articulated with the cricoid. 
 
 Thyroid Gland, Corpus Thyreo'ideum, Glan'. 
 dula Thyredidea, (F.) Gland ou Corps Thyro'idt,, 
 is an organ, the uses of which are not known. It 
 covers the anterior and inferior nart of the iarjux. 
 
THYEOIDEAL 
 
 856 
 
 TIBIALIS 
 
 as well as the first rings of the trachea, and seems 
 to be composed of two lobes, flattened from before 
 to behind, which are united by a transverse pro- 
 longation of the same nature as themselves, called 
 the Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland. The tissue of 
 the thyroid is soft, spongy, and of a brownish 
 colour; but its intimate structure is unknown. 
 It is formed of several distinct lobules ; collected 
 in lobes of greater or less size. These are com- 
 posed of granulations, some of which contain a 
 yellowish or milky fluid. The thyroid gland re- 
 ceives four large arteries, called Thyroidcal, as 
 well as corresponding veins. Its nerves proceed 
 from the pneumogastric, and from the cervical 
 ganglia. No escretory duct has ever been found 
 in it. Its uses are not known. 
 
 THYROIDEAL, Thyroideus, Thyreoideu8,{'F,) 
 Thyroidien. That which concerns the thyroid 
 gland or cartilage. 
 
 Thyroideal Arteries are two on each side. 
 1. The suxierior Thyroideal, superior laryngeal, 
 superior guttural, arises from the anterior part of 
 the external carotid, and proceeds to the upper 
 part of the thyroid gland, after having given off 
 a laryngeal branch and a erieo-thyroid, 2. The 
 inferior Thyroideal, infe'rior gut'tural, much 
 larger than the last, arises from the upper part 
 of the subclavian. It passes, in a serpentine 
 manner, to the inferior part of the thyroid gland, 
 to which it is distributed, after having given a 
 number of branches to the neighbouring parts, 
 among which is the cervicalis aseendens. 
 
 Thyroideal Veins are, 1. A superior thyroi- 
 deal, and several middle thyroideal, which open 
 into the internal jugular vein. 2. An inferior 
 thyroideal, much larger than the preceding, whose 
 branches form — by anastomosing with those of 
 the opposite side, in front of the trachea — a 
 very remarkable venous plexus, which J. Cloquet 
 calls the infra-thyroideal plexus. The inferior 
 thyroideal veins open, — the left into the corre- 
 sponding subclavian ; — the right, into the vena 
 cava superior. 
 
 THYROIDIEN, Thyroideal. 
 
 THYROPHRAXIA, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYRSUS, Penis. 
 
 TIBI-PERONEO-TARSIEN, Peronajus 
 longus. 
 
 TIB'IA. A Latin word, which signifies a 7?M<e 
 or pipe. Cneme, Proene'me, Procne'mium, Fo'cile 
 viajus, Arun'do major, Canna major, Canna major 
 seu domes'tiea cruris. The largest bone of the 
 leg. A long, irregular, and triangular bone, 
 situate on the inner side of the fibula. It has, 1. 
 A Superior or femoral extremity, which is very 
 large, rounded, and has two eminences at the 
 sides, called Tuberos'ities of the Tibia, or Tibial 
 tuberosities. The outermost is articulated with 
 the fibula. On its head are two articular, oval, 
 concave surfaces, separated by a process, called 
 Spine of the tibia, which are articulated with the 
 condyles of the Os femoris. 2. An inferior or 
 tarsal extremity, having an articular surface be- 
 neath, which joins the astragalus; within, a tri- 
 angular eminence, which forms the malleolus in- 
 ternus ; and, on the outside, a triangular surface, 
 which articulates with the fibula. 3. The body 
 <ir shaft of the tibia hat three faces, separated by 
 three angles, the anterior of which is the most 
 prominent, and is called the spine or crista of the 
 tibia or tibial spine. It is the shin. The tibia is 
 articulated with the femur, fibula, and astragalus. 
 It is developed by three points of ossification, 
 ifue for the body, and one for each extremity. 
 
 TiBTA Minima, Fibula. 
 
 TIBIvEUS, Tibial. 
 
 TIB'IAL, Tibia'lis, Tibiee'us, (F.) Tibial, Jam- 
 bUr That which relates to the tibia or to the leg. 
 
 Tibial Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Aponivrose Jam- 
 biere, surrounds the muscles of the leg. It is con- 
 tinuous, above, with the femoral aponeurosis, and 
 arises, also, from the head of the fibula, and from 
 several fibrous expansions which detach them- 
 selves from the tendons of the triceps, sartoi-ius, 
 gracilis, and semitendinosus. Thence it descends 
 around the leg, attaching itself to the whole ex- 
 tent of the anterior and inner edges of the tibia. 
 It sends, below, an expansion, which passes be- 
 fore the tendo Achillis, and is continuous with 
 the anterior annular ligament of the tarsus. It 
 is attached, also, to the sheath of the peronei 
 muscles. 
 
 Tibial Arteries are two in number. 1. The 
 Tibia'lis Antl'ca, which arises from the popliteal 
 artery, before its bifurcation; passes immediately 
 through the opening in the upper part of the in- 
 terosseous ligament, and reaches the anterior part 
 of the leg; when it turns downwards, and de- 
 scends obliquely, between the extensor communis 
 digitorum pedis and the tibialis anticus, anterior 
 to the interosseous ligament; glides under the 
 anterior annular ligament of the tarsus, and takes 
 the name Dorsalls tarsi. Amongst the numerous 
 branches, given off by the tibialis antica, may be 
 distinguished — the Tibialis recur'rens, A. mul- 
 leola'ris interna, and A. malleolarls externa. 2. 
 The Tibialis posti'ca, arises from the bifurcation 
 of the popliteal artery ; and, slightly tortuous, 
 descends between the two planes of the posterior 
 muscles of the leg; until it arrives under the 
 arch of the calcaneum, where it divides into two 
 branches — the Plantar arteries. 
 
 TIBIAD, see Tibial aspect. 
 
 TIB'IAL ASPECT. An aspect towards the 
 the side on which the tibia is situated. — Barclay. 
 Tibiad is used adverbially by the same writer, to 
 signify, ' towards the tibial aspect.' 
 
 Tibial Nerves are two in number. 1. The 
 anterior tibial verve, Pretibio-susplantaire, (Ch.) 
 One of the two branches in which the external 
 popliteal terminates. It accompanies the arteria 
 tibialis antica. 2. The posterior tibial nerve, 
 Branche tibiale du nerf fenioro-ptopjlitee, (Ch.) is 
 the internal ptopiliteal. 
 
 Tibial Veins, Anterior and Posterior, h.ave 
 the same arrangement as the arteries which they 
 accompany. 
 
 TIBIA'LIS ANTI'CUS, Cate'-nm mus'crdus, 
 (F.) Tibio-sns-nietatarsien, Tlblo-sustarslen, (Cb.) 
 Jambicr anterienr. A muscle situate at the an- 
 terior part of the leg. Above, it has the shape 
 of a triangular prism ; below, it is slender and 
 tendinous. It is attached, above, to the anterior 
 part of the external tuberosity of the tibia; to 
 the superior half of the outer surface of that 
 bone; and to the anterior surface of the interos- 
 seous ligament. Below, its tendon terminates at 
 the base of the first cuneiform bone, and at the 
 posterior extremity of the first metatarsal bone. 
 This muscle bends the foot on the leg, and directs 
 its point inwards, at the same time that it raises 
 its inner edge. It can, also, bend the leg on the 
 foot, and prevent it from falling backwards in 
 standing. 
 
 Tibialis Gracilis, Plantar muscle. 
 
 Tibialis Posti'cus, (F.) Tibio-tarsien, Tibio- 
 sous-tarslen, (Cli.) Jambier poslerieur. This mus- 
 cle is situate at the posterior and deep part of the 
 leg. It is thicker above than below ; and if at- 
 tached, above, to the posterior surface of the 
 fibula; to the posterior surface of the tibia, »nd 
 to the interosseous ligament. Its tendon termi- 
 nates, below, at the tuberosity on the inferior 
 extremity of the os scaphoides. This muscle ex- 
 tends the foot on the leg; at the same time rais- 
 
TIB 10- CAL CANIEN 
 
 857 
 
 TIXCTURA 
 
 ing its inner edge. It, likewise, extends tlie leg 
 on the foot. 
 
 TIBIO-CALOANIEX, Soleus— f. Phnlanget- 
 tieu, Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus 
 pcrforans — t. Sous-tarsien, Tibialis posticus — t. 
 Siis-metatarsien, Tibialis anticus — t. Sus-tarsien, 
 Tibialis anticus. 
 
 TIB'IO-TARSAL, Tihio-tar'seus, (F.) Tibio- 
 tarsienne. What relates to the tibia and tarsus. 
 
 Tibio-Taksal Articula'tion is the articula- 
 tion of the foot Tvith the leg. It is formed by 
 the tibia and the astragalus; and is strengthened 
 by lateral, and by anterior and posterior liga- 
 ments. 
 
 TIDIO-TARSIEN; Tibialis posticus. 
 
 lie. Twitching, VeUication. A local and habi- 
 tual convulsive motion of certain muscles; and, 
 especially, of some of those of the face. It is, 
 sometimes, called in France Tic convuhif ou Tic 
 non douloureux, to distinguish it from Tic doulou- 
 reux or neuralgia faciei, and has been termed a 
 partial chorea or foi'm of chronic chorea, Spas- 
 mus facia'lis, Chore' a fa'eiei. 
 
 TIC BOULEUBEUX, Neuralgia, facial — f. 
 noil dordoureux, see Tic. 
 
 TICKLE WEED, Veratrura viride. 
 
 TICKLING, (F.) Chatouillement. This word, 
 sometimes, means the action of tickling [titilla'- 
 tio, titiUation ;) at others, the sensation pro- 
 duced by this action (pruri'fus). A vivid sensa- 
 tion, which commonly causes laughter, and a 
 state of general spasm that may be dangerous if 
 too long protracted. There are some parts of 
 the bodj', where we are easier tickled than others; 
 for example, the sole of the feet, and the hypo- 
 chondriac regions. 
 
 TICKSEED SUNFLOWER, Coreopsis tricho- 
 spevma. 
 
 TICKWEED, Hedeoma — t. Sunflower, Core- 
 opsis trichosperma. 
 
 TIDAL AIR, see Respiration. 
 
 TIERCE, see Tertian. 
 
 TIGE PITUITAIRE, Infundibulum of the 
 brain — t. Sus-sphino'idale, Infundibulum of the 
 brain. 
 
 TIGILLUM, Crucible. 
 
 TIGLIA SEU TIGLII GRAN A, see Croton 
 Tiglium. 
 
 TIGRETIER, see Mania, dancing. 
 
 TIGULA, Saccharum. 
 
 TIKIMMA, Cacoucia eoccinea. 
 
 TILBURY, MINERAL WATERS OF. A sa- 
 line chalybeate at West lilbur}', in Esses, Eng- 
 land. It is not much frequented. 
 
 TILIA, T. EuropcB'a seu grandiflo'ra seu cordi- 
 fo'lia sen pauciflo'ra seu platyphyll'a, Phil'yra. 
 The Lime tree or Linden tree, Basswood, White- 
 tcood, Spoontcood, (F.) Tilleul. Family, Tilia- 
 cea). The flowers have been supposed to possess 
 anodyne and antispasmodic virtues. 
 
 TILLEUL, Tilia. 
 
 TILLICHERRT CORTEX, Nerium antidy- 
 Bentericum. 
 
 TILMA, Linteum. 
 
 TILMOS, Evulsion. 
 
 TILMUS, Carphologia. 
 
 TILY, OF THE INDIANS, Viburnum denta- 
 tum. 
 
 TIMAC. The name of an East India root, but 
 of what vegetable is not clear. It is said to pos- 
 sess diuretic properties; and hence has been 
 given in dropsies. 
 
 TIMIDUS, Rectus inferior oeuli. 
 
 TIN, (D.) Ten. Stannum, Cassit'eros, Cat- 
 tit'eros, Stangos, Ju'piter, Stu'pia, Laos, Plumhtnn 
 album seu can'didum. Plumbum candidum, (F.) 
 Etain. A solid metal; of a peculiar odour when 
 rubbed; insipid; colour whitish; s. g. 7.291; 
 
 giving a peculiar tinlding sound when struck. 
 It is used, in medicine, only as a mechanical an- 
 thelmintic. Dose, 0J of the Palcis Stanni, Stan- 
 num granula'tum or Granular tin, in molasses. 
 This is made by melting tin in an iron vessel 
 over the fire, and, while it is cooling, stirring 
 until it is reduced to a powder, which is passed 
 through a sieve. — Ph. U. S. 
 
 Tin, Butter of, Tin, muriate of — t. Chloruret 
 of, iin, muriate of — t. Deutohydrochlorate of, T. 
 muriate of. 
 
 Tin-Foil, Stannum folia'tum, Stanni' ohm, is 
 used for plugging carious teeth, &c. 
 
 Tin-Glass, Bismuth — t. Granular, see Tin — 
 t. Muriate of, superoxygenated, T. muriate of. 
 
 Tin, Muriate of, Butter of Tin, Fuming liquor 
 of Liba'vius, Mu'rias Stanni, 3Iurias Oxyd'uli 
 Stanni, Chlor'uret of Tin, Ueu'to-hydro-chlorate 
 of Tin, Superoxygena'ted Muriate of Tin. This 
 is formed of Tin, one part; concentrated muriatic 
 acid, three parts. To be crystallized by the aid 
 of heat. A violent cathartic. Dose, gr. ij or iij. 
 
 Tin, Sulphuret of, Aurum musivum. 
 
 TINAGMUS, Concussion. 
 
 TINASMUS, Tenesmus. 
 
 TINCTU'RA, from tingere, tinctum, 'to dye.' 
 Tinctu.re, Essen'tia, (F.) Teinture, Alcoolat, Alco- 
 hol. The term tincture is generally restricted to 
 spirituous solutions of vegetable, animal, and some 
 saline substances. It corresponds, therefore, with 
 the word Quintes'sence, in one of its old signifi- 
 cations ; and with the Alcoola' turn of the Codex 
 of Paris. It is not unusual, however, to speak 
 of aqueous tincture, ethereal tincture, &c. Tinc- 
 tures are made either with pure alcohol or proof 
 spirit. The former are precipitated by water : 
 and, therefore, are seldom used internally; the 
 latter are common additions to infusions, decoc- 
 tions, &c. They ought not, of course, to be 
 united with any vehicle which can decompose 
 them, or separate any thing from them in a pal- 
 pable form ; unless such decomposition is desired 
 by the prescriber. In making tinctures, the in- 
 gredients should be reduced to a coarse powder; 
 and the maceration be made in close vessels, ex- 
 posed to a heat of about 80°, and frequently 
 shaken. When completed, they must be filtered, 
 and put away for use in close bottles. When the 
 process of displacement is employed, great care 
 must be taken, so that the substances treated 
 may be, as far as possible, exhausted of their 
 soluble principles, and a perfectly clear tincture 
 be obtained. To those who are not familiar with 
 the process, the plan of maceration is preferable. 
 —Ph. U. S. 
 
 TiNCTURA Absin'thii Cosfpos 'ita, Compound 
 Tincture of uormivood, Essen'tia absin'thii com- 
 posita seu amara. (Absinth., artem. pontic, 
 caryoph. aa gss, sncc/i. ^ij- alcohol. Oss. Mace- 
 rate for fifteen days. Ph. P.) Tonic, stomachic, 
 vermifuge, and carminative. Dose, f gij to f^ss. 
 
 TiNCTURA Acacia Catechu, T. catechu — t, 
 Acetatis ferri cum aleohole, see T. ferri acetatis 
 — t. Acidi sulphurici, Sulphuricum acidum aro- 
 maticum. 
 
 TiNCTURA Aconi'ti, (Ph. U. S. 1842.) Tinc- 
 iu'ra. Aconi'ti folio' rum, (Ph. U. S. 1851.) Tinc- 
 ture of Aconite, (Aconit. fulior. ^iv, alcohol, dilui. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter 
 through paper. It may also be made by dis- 
 placement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gtt. T. It is ruo 
 bed on the seat of neuralgia. 
 
 TiNCTURA Aconi'ti Radi'cis, Tincture of Aco- 
 nite root, {Aconit. radicis, eontus. Ibj, Alco'')ol. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days; express and filter. 
 It may also be prepared by displacement Ph. 
 U. S.) Uses same as the last. 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 858 
 
 TmCTURA 
 
 TiNCTURA iETHB'EEA CAMPHORA'tA, Solu'ttO 
 cam'pkorcB cethe'rea, Liquor nervinus Bangii, Spi- 
 ritus suljihu'rico-cethereHS camphora'tus, Naphtha 
 vitrioU camphora' ta. (Oamjihor. p. i. JEther sul- 
 phuric, p. ii.) Stimulant in atonic diseases, ar- 
 thritic cardialgia and spasm. Dose, 20 to 30 
 drops in white wine. 
 
 TiNCTURA iExHEREA Ferri, Alcohol (seu Tinc- 
 tura) sulphurico-sethereus ferri — t. Alcoholica 
 Chinee composita, T. cinchonse composita — t. Al- 
 coholica corticum aurantiorum Whyttii, Tinctura 
 cinchonaa amara — t. Alexipharmaca Huxhami, 
 Tinctura cinchonse composita. 
 
 TiNCTURA Al'oes, T. Al'oes Socotori'ncB, Es- 
 een'tia Aloes, Al'cohol mini Aloe jo erf olia'td, Tinc- 
 ture of Aloes. {Aloes, pulv. ^j, ext. glyeyrrh. 
 §iij, aqucB Oiss, alcohol. Oss. Macerate for 14 
 days, and filter. Ph. U. S.) Properties, those 
 of aloes. Dose, f^ss to f5iss. 
 
 Tinctura Aloes jEihe'rea, JEthe'real Tinc- 
 ture of Aloes, Tinctura aloes vitriola'ta. (Aloes 
 Socot., Myrrh, aa ,^iss, croci ^j, *p- atheris sulph. 
 Oj. Digest the myrrh in the ether for 4 days ; 
 then add the aloes and saffron. Ph. E.) Stimu- 
 lant and cathartic. Dose, f ^j to f,5y- 
 
 Tinctura Aloes Compos'ita, Elix'ir Proprie- 
 ta'tis, E. aperiti'vum, E. Aloes, TincUira Aloes 
 cum Bhjrrhd, T. Aloes et llyrrhcB, (Ph. U. S.,) T. 
 Aloes et 3/yrrhcB croca'ta, Elixir of long life, 
 Compound Tincture of Aloes, (F.) Elixir de longue 
 vie, Baume de vie de Lelievre, [Aloes, in pulv., 
 ,^iij, croci, ^j, Tinct. Myrrhce, Oij.) Macerate for 
 14 days, and filter. Purgative and stomachic. 
 Dose, f,5 to f^ij. 
 
 Boerhaave'a Elixir consisted of aloes, myrrh, 
 saffron, and tartrate of potassa, digested in alco- 
 hol and water. 
 
 Radcliffe's Elixir is formed of Alois Socotr. 
 ^vj, cort. cinnam., rad. zedoar, aa ,^ss, rad. rhei 
 5J, coccinell. ^ss, syrup, rhamni ^ij, sp. tenuior. 
 Oj. aqucB puree f^v. 
 
 Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhs, T. aloes com- 
 posita — t. Aloes et myrrhae crocata, T. A. com- 
 posita — t. Aloes vitriolata, T. A. setherea — t. 
 Amara, T. gentianse composita — t. Amomi re- 
 pentis, T. cardamom! — t. Amomi zingiberis, T. 
 zingiberis. 
 
 Tinctura Angustu'RjE, Tincture of Angustura. 
 {Cort. cuspar. in pulv. crass, redact, .^ij, sp. vin. 
 ten. Oij. Digest. Ph. D.) Dose, fjj to f^U- 
 
 Tinctura Antipebrilis Warbuegi, see Be- 
 beeru. 
 
 Tinctura Antiodontal'gicA, Toothache Tinc- 
 ture. {Tannin, ^j, Mastich, gr. v, ather. ^ij. M.) 
 To be applied on cotton wool, to the tooth pre- 
 viously dried, 
 
 Tinctura Aristolochi^ Serpentaeije, T. 
 serpentariae — t. Aromatica, T. cinnamomi com- 
 posita — t. Aromatica ammoniata, Spiritus ammo- 
 nise aromaticus. 
 
 Tinctura Assafce'tid^e, T. Ferhdce Assafceti- 
 dcB, Tincture of Assafoetida, T. fostida, T. assafoe- 
 tidcB, {Assafvetid. ,^iv, alcohol. Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days and filter.) Dose, gtt. xv to f^j. 
 
 Tinctura Assafoetidj!: Ammoniata, Spiritus 
 Ammonise foetidus. 
 
 Tinctura Auran'tii, T. Cor'ticis Aurantii, 
 Tincture, of Orange Peel. {Aurant. cort. recent. 
 §iij,»p. reci. Oij. Digest for 14 days.) Stomachic. 
 Used as an adjunct to stomachic draughts. Dose, 
 f^ss to 3ij. 
 
 Tinctura Aurea, Alcohol seu tinctura sul- 
 phurico-ajthereus ferri. 
 
 Tinctura Belladon'n.e, Tincture of Bella- 
 donna, {Beltadonnm, ^iv, alcohol, diltit. Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days ; express, and filter through 
 paper. It may, also, be prepared by displace- 
 ment. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Tinctura Benzo'ini Compos 'itA, Compound 
 Tincture of Benzoin, T. Benzoes composita, BaV- 
 samum Cathol'icum, B. Per'sicum, Balsamum 
 traumat'icum. Elixir traumaticum. Friar's Bal- 
 sam, Vervain's Balsam, Wade's Drops, Jesuit's 
 drops, Commander's Balsam, Wound Balsam, 
 Balsam for cuts. (Benzoin, ^iij, sti/rae. 2J^n'if 
 ^ij. Balsam, tolut. ^j, aloes, in pulv. ^:5ss, alcohoL 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days and filter. Stimulant.) 
 Used chiefly to wounds and ulcers. 
 
 The basis of Turlington's Balsam of Life is the 
 Compound Tincture of Benzoin. The following 
 form is recommended by a committee of the Phi- 
 ladelphia College of Pharmae3^: — J.Zco/toZ!' Oviij, 
 Benzoin, ^xij, Styrac. liquid, ^i^, Aloes Socotrin. 
 ^j, Balsam Peruvian, ^ij, IJyrrhm, ^j, Had. An- 
 gelic, ^ss. Balsam, Tolut., Ext. Glycyrrh. aa ^iv. 
 Digest for 10 days, and strain. 
 
 The Essence of Coltsfoot consists of equal parts 
 of the Compound Tincture of Benzoin and Bal- 
 sam of Tolu, to which is added double the quan- 
 tity of Eectified Spirit of Wine. It is sold as a 
 pectoral. 
 
 Tinctu'ea Calum'bje, T. Columhm, T. Colombo, 
 Tincture of Columho, Columbo Bitters, {Calumh. 
 rad. eont. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days; e.Kpress, and filter. Ph. U. S.) " Dose, 
 f ^^ss to ,^iv. It may, also, be made by displace- 
 ment. 
 
 Tinctura Camphorje, Spiritus eamphoraa. 
 
 Tinctura Cam'phor^ Compos'ita, T. Opii 
 Camphora'ta, (Ph. U. S.,) Compound Tincture of 
 Camphor, Camphorated Tincture of Opium, Elixir 
 Paregor'icum, Paregor'ic Elixir. { Opii, in pulv. 
 Acid Benzoic, aa ^j, ol. anisi, f^j, mellis despu- 
 mat. ^ij, Camjihor. ^ij, alcohol, dibit. Oij. Ma- 
 cerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Ph. 
 U. S.) One fluidounce contains nearly gr. ij of 
 opium. Anodyne. Dose, fgj to f^iij- 
 
 Squire's Elixir, an empirical carminative pre- 
 paration, is thus made, according to one formula. 
 {Opii _XiY, camphor, ^j, coccinell. ^j, foenicul. 
 dulc. ^ij, tinct. serpent^ Oj, sp). anisi. cong. ij, 
 aqucB Oij, auri musivi, ,^vj.) 
 
 Tinctura Canthar'idis, T. C. Yesicato'ria:, r. 
 LyttcB, T. Ifeloes vesicato'rii. Tincture of Bliutt r- 
 ing Flies, T. of Spanish Fli.es, (F.) Teinture riihe- 
 fiante. {Cantharid. cont. ^ij, alcohol, dilut. Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days; eipress, and filter. It 
 may, also, be prepared by displacement. Ph. 
 U. S.) Stimulant and diuretic, but not often 
 used internally. Externally, stimulant. Dose, 
 gtt. X. 
 
 llattheto'a Injection, a once celebrated nostrum 
 for fistula in ano, consi^ed wholly of a dilute 
 Tincture of Cantharides. 
 
 Tinctura Cap'sici, Tincture of Capsicum, 
 {Capsic. ^j, alcohol, dil. Oij. Macerate for 14 
 days, and filter. It may, also, be prepared by 
 displacement.) Stimulant. Dose, f^ss to ^j- 
 
 Tinctura Cardamo'mi, T. amo'mi repen'tis, 
 Tincture of Car'damoms. {Cardam. cont. ^iv, 
 alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, strain, 
 and filter. It may, also, be made by displace- 
 ment.) Use, the same as the seeds. Dose, f^j 
 to f^iv. 
 
 Solomon's Balm of Gil'ead, an empirical prepa- 
 ration, seems to be an aromatic tincture. — of 
 which Cardamoms form a leading ingredient, — 
 made with brandy. Some affirm that it contains 
 cantharides. 
 
 Tinctura Cardamomi Compos'ita, Com^wund 
 Tincture of Card'amoms, Stomach Tincture, Tinc- 
 tura Stomach'ica. {Cardamom, cont. ^vj. Carui. 
 cont. ^ij, cinnam. cont. ^v, Urcp ]oas!iCB demptis 
 acinis, ^y, cocci, cont. 3J> alcohol, dilut. Olus. 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 859 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 Macerate for 14 days ; express and filter. 7"^. U. S.) 
 Stomachic and carminative. Dose, f^U to f J^iv. 
 
 TiNCTURA Carminati'va Syl'vii, Alcoola' turn 
 Carminati'vum Sylvh', Carminative Elixir of Sjl- 
 viiiB. {Bad. angelic. 4 p., rad. imperator., galang. 
 aa 6 p., /p?. rosmarin., majoran., rutee, basilic, aa 
 48 p., baccar. laxtr. nohil. 12 p. sew. angelic, li- 
 gvst. levist., anis. aa 16 p., zingib., nuc. 7noschat. 
 aa 6 p., cinnain. 12 p., caryoph., cort. Union, aa 4 
 p. Add alcohol 1500 p. Macerate and distil, 
 1000 p. Ph. P.) A warm stomachic, carmina- 
 tive, &C-. Dose, ^ss to f^ss. 
 
 TiNCTURA Cascaril'l^e, T. Croto'nis Eleuthe'- 
 ricB, Al'cohol cum Croio'ne Caacarilld, Tincture 
 of CascariUa. (Cascarill. cort. cont. §iv, sp. ten. 
 Oij. Ph. L.) Dose, fg-j to fjiv. 
 
 TiNCTURA Casto'rei, T. Castorei Ros'sici, Es- 
 sen'tia Castorei, Al'cohol castoria'tum, T. Castorei 
 Canaden' sis, Tincture of Castor. (Castor cont. 
 ^ij, alcohol. Oij. Macerate for 7 days, express, 
 and filter.) Tonic and antispasmodic. Dose, 
 gtt. XX to f^ij? or more. 
 
 TiNCTURA Castorei Cojipos'ita, Compovnd 
 Tincture of Castor. {Cast, ^j, g. asafoetid. ^ss, 
 alcohol, ammoniat. Oj. Ph. E.) Antispasmodic. 
 Dose, fjj to f^i^- Called, also. Elixir fee' tidum, 
 Tinctnra castorei fatida sen fcetida ammonia'ta. 
 
 TiNCTDRA Cat'echu, Tinctura Japion'ica, T. 
 Mimo'scB Catechu, T. Aca'cim Catechu, T'inctnre 
 of Catechu. {Catech. ,^iij, cinnam. contus. ^ij, 
 alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, ex- 
 press and filter. Ph. U. S.) Astringent. Dose, 
 
 The Concentrated Solution of Charcoal, sold for 
 cleaning the teeth, seems to be little more than 
 the tincture of catechu. 
 
 TiNCTURA Cicut.e, T. conii maculati. 
 Tinctura Cincho'n.e, T. Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni 
 Simpiiex, T. Cort. Peruvia'ni, Tincture of Cincho- 
 na, Tincture of Bark. {Cinchon. flav. in pulv. 
 §vi, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, ex- 
 press, and filter through paper. It may, also, be 
 made by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^j 
 to ^iv or more. 
 
 Tinctura Cincho'NjE Ama'ra, Elixir avtihy- 
 pochondri'acum, E. rob'orans Whyt'tii, E. Whyt- 
 tii, Essen'tia Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni Composita, 
 Tinctu'ra alcohol'ica corticum aurantio'rurn Whyt- 
 tii, T. Kinki'ncB ama'ra. Elixir stomach'icus spi- 
 rituo'sus. {Cinch, p. viij, Gentian. Bad., Cort. 
 Aurant. p. iij. Alcohol (.900) 96 p. Digest. Dose, 
 one or two teaspooufuls. 
 
 Tinctura Cinchona Ammonia'ta, T. Cor'ticis 
 Peruvia'ni volat'ilis, Ammoniated Tincture of 
 £arh, Volatile Tincture of Bark. {Cinchon. lan- 
 cifol. cort. cont. 3^^» ^" (^i^mon. aromnt. Oij. 
 Ph. L.) In dyspepsia, combined with acidity and 
 languor. 
 
 Tinctura CiNCHONis ^the'rea Coirpos'iTA, 
 T. KinoB Kin(B (Bthe'rea compos'ita, Elixir'ium 
 Antisep' ticum Docto'ris Chaussier, Chaiissier's 
 Antisep'tic Elixir. {Cinchon, officin. ^ij, cas- 
 carill. §ss, cinnam. ^uj, croci 3^^> sacch. alb. 
 gxxxviij. Put these bruised into a matrass, and 
 add vin. alb. Hispanic, vel vin. muscat., alcohol. 
 aa Oj. Macerate for two days, and add sulpihuric 
 ether f^iss. Ph. P.) Tonic, stimulant, and an- 
 tiseptic. Dose, f.fss to f^j. 
 
 Tinctura Cinchona Compos'ita, Compound 
 Tincture of Cinchona or Bark, Huxham's Tinc- 
 ture of Bark, T. Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni Composita, 
 T.febrif'uga Docto'ris Huxha'mi, Essen'tia China, 
 E. Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni Alexiphar'maca Huxhami, 
 Essen'tia antisep'tica Huxhami, Tinctu'ra Alexi- 
 phar'maca Huxhami, Tinctu'ra Alcohol'ica Chinee 
 Compos'ita. {Cinchon. rubr. pulv. 5ij, aurant. 
 cort. cont. .^iss, serpent, cont. ^iij, croci, santal. 
 aa Zi, alcohol, dilut. f.^xx. Macerate for 14 days. 
 
 express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, also, be 
 made by displacement. More grateful th;in the 
 simple tincture. Dose, f^j to f^iij- 
 
 Tinctura Cinnamo'jii, Tincture of Cinnamon, 
 Essen'tia Cinnamomi, T. Lauri Cinnamomi, {Cin- 
 nam. cont. ,^iij, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, 
 also, be prepared by displacement. Stomachic 
 Dose, f3J to f^ij. 
 
 Tinctura Cinnamo'mi Compos'ita, Compovnd 
 Tincture of Cinnamon, Tinctu'ra Aromat'ica, Es- 
 sen'tia Aromatica, Alc.odl cum Aromat'ibus Com- 
 jjos'itus, Eau de Bonferme ou d' Armagnae. {Cin- 
 nam. cont. 3J' cardam. cont. ^ss, zingib. cont. 
 ^iij, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, 
 express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, also, be 
 prepared by displacement. Use, same as the last. 
 Dose, f,5 to f Jiy- 
 
 Tinctura de Cochlea'riis, Alcoola'tum de 
 Cochlea'riis, A. antiscorbu'ticiim. {Fol. cochlear, 
 recent. 2500 p., rad. armoracia, 230 p., alcohol. 
 (22° to 32° Beaume) 3000 p., distil oif_^2000 p. 
 Ph. P.) Antiscorbutic. Dose, fjij to ^j. 
 
 Tinctura Col'chici, T. C. Sem'inis, {Ph. U. 
 S.), Tiiicture of Colchicum Seed. {Culchic. sem. 
 cont. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 
 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, 
 also, be prepared by displacement. Dose, ten to 
 sixty drops. 
 
 Tinctura Colchici Seminis, T. eolchici — t. Co- 
 lombse, T. Calumba;. 
 
 Tinctura Coni'i, T. C. I!acula'ti,^T. Cicu'ta, 
 Tincture of Hemlock. {Conii fol. giv, alcohol, 
 dil. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) It may also be made by displace- 
 ment. Use; — the same as that of the leaves. 
 
 Tinctura Conii Maculati, T. conii — t. Con- 
 volvuli Jalapse, T. jalapii — t. Cortic-is aurantii, 
 T. aurantii — t. Corticis Peruviani composita, T. 
 cinchonaj comp. — t. Corticis Peruviani simplex, 
 T. cinchona} — t. Corticis Peruviani volatilis, T. 
 cinchonse ammoniata. 
 
 Tinctura Croci Sati'vi, T. Croci, Tincture 
 of Saffron. {Croci Angl. cont. ^^j, alcohol. diluU 
 %XY. Ph. E.) Slightly stomachic (?). Dose,f3J 
 to f^iij. 
 
 Tinctura de Croco Compos'ita, Elixir'ium dt 
 Garvs, Alcoola'tum de Croco Compos' itum. Com- 
 pound Tincture of Saffron, Elixir of Garus, 
 {Aloes Socotr. 320 p., myri-h. 64 p., ci-oci. 32 p., 
 cinnam., nuc. moschat., caryojih. aa, 16 p. alcohol. 
 1000 p. aq. fior. aurant. 5000 p. Digest for two 
 days, Jistil 4000 p. and add syrup of capillaire, 
 5000 p. Ph. P.) Aromatic, cordial, stomachic. 
 It is also called Elixir cordia'le et stomach' icum, 
 and E. anticol'icum croga'tu7n. 
 
 Tinctura Crotonis Eleutheri^, T. casea- 
 rillae. 
 
 Tinctura Cubeb'je, Tincture of Cubehs. (Cii- 
 beb. cont. ^^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate fox 
 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, 
 also, hB prepared by displacement. Dose, one or 
 two fiuidrachms. 
 
 Tinctura Digita'lis, Tincture of Digitalis, T, 
 Digitalis purpu'rea. {Digital, ^'i'^, alcohol, di- 
 lut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.) 
 It may, also, be prepared by displacement. Use, 
 same as that of the leaves. Dose, gtt. x. 
 
 Tinctura Febrifuga Doctohis Huxhami, T. 
 cinchonse composita. 
 
 Tinctura Ferei Aceta'tis, Tincture of Ace- 
 tate of Iron. {Potass, acetat. ^ij, sulph. ferri 
 ,^j, sp. rectif. Oij. Eub the acetate and sulphate 
 into a soft mass. Dry and rub with the spirit. 
 Digest for 7 days, and pour ofi". Ph.D.) Tonio 
 and astringent. Dose, gtt. xx to fgj. The Dub- 
 lin college directs a Tinctura Acttatis Ferri cnm 
 Alcoho'le, which differs from the other, in having 
 
TIXCTURA 
 
 860 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 half the quantity, only, of the Acetate of 
 Potass. 
 
 TiNCTURA Ferri Amjionia'ta, Tincture of Am- 
 moniated Iron, T. Ferri Ammoniaca' lis, T. Flo- 
 rum mart ia' Hum, T. Martis Hfynsich'ti. {Ferri 
 amnion. ,^iv, sp. ten. Oj. Ph. L.) Use. — same as 
 ihat of the ammoniated iron. Dose, f^ss to f^ij- 
 
 TiNCTURA Ferri Chloridi, T. ferri muriatis. 
 
 TiNCTURA Ferri Muria'tis, T. Ferri chlo'ridi, 
 (Ph. U. S.), T. Ferri sesqtii-cJdn'ridi, Liquor 
 Ferri muria'tis. Tincture of Muriate of Iron, T. 
 Martis in Sinritu Salis, T. 31. cum Spiritu Salis, 
 T. Ferri Muria'ti, Tincture of Steel, Alcohol fer- 
 ra'tus. (Ferri subcarb. K)ss, acid, muriat. Oj, 
 alcohol. Oiij. Add the acid to the subearbonate 
 in a glass vessel, and shake during three days. 
 Pour oft" and add the spirit. Ph. U. S.) Tonic 
 and styptic. Dose, gtt. x to xx. 
 
 Bestuclieff's Tincture or Klaproth's Tincture is 
 an ethereal tincture of chloride of iron. It is 
 composed of dry perchloride of iron, one part; 
 Hoffmann's anodyne liquor, seven parts. 
 
 The Antivenerecd Drops, at one time so cele- 
 brated at Amsterdam, were examined by Scheele, 
 and found to be a tincture of chloride of iron and 
 corrosive sublimate. 
 
 TiNCTURA Ferri Sesquichloridi, T. Ferri 
 muriatis — t. Ferulse Asafcetidas, T. Asafoetidse — 
 t. Florum martialium, T. ferri ammoniata — t. Foe- 
 tida, T. asafffitidge — t. Foetida ammoniata, T. 
 castorei composita — t. Fuliginis, see Fuligo. 
 
 TiNCTDRA Gal'bani, Tincture of Galbanum. 
 (Galb. ^ij, sj}. tenuior. Oij. Ph. D.) Stimulant 
 and antispasmodic. Dose, f^j to f^iij- 
 
 TiNCTURA Galla'rum, T. GcdloB, (Ph. U. S.) 
 Tincture of Galls. [Gall, contus. §iv, alcohol, 
 dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express and 
 filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, also, be prepared by 
 displacement. Astringent. Dose, f^j to 3''J- 
 
 TiNCTURA Gentia'n^e Compos'ita, Compound 
 Tincture of Gentian, Tinct. Ama'ra, Spirit Bit- 
 ters, Flix'ir Stomach' icum. [Gent, eoncis. ^^ij, 
 aurant. cart. '^], cardam. cont. ,^ss, alcohol, dilut. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. 
 It may, likewise, be prepared by displacement. 
 Ph. U. S.) Tonic and stomachic. Dose, fgj to 
 
 f^iij. 
 
 Brodiim's Nervous Cordial consists of the Tnic- 
 Utres of Gentian, Columba, Cardamom, and Bark, 
 with the Compound Spirit of Lavender, and Wine 
 of Iron. 
 
 Stouc/hton's Elixir is a compound tincture of 
 gentian. The Elixir'ium Docto'ris Stouc/hton seu 
 Tiiictu'ra Ama'ra of the Parisian Codex is pre- 
 pared as follows : — Absinth, summit, exsiccat., 
 Teucri chamcsdrys., Bad. gentian., cort. aurant. 
 aa ^vj, eascariUcB ^j, rhei ^ss, aloes socotr. ^), 
 alcohol. Oij.) Digest. 
 
 TiNCTURA Guai'aci, T. G. Officina'Us, Tincture 
 of Guai'acum. [Guaiac. ft)ss, alcohol. Oij. Ma- 
 cerate for 14 days, and filter.) Stimulant and 
 sudorific. Used especially in rheumatic and 
 arthritic cases. Nearly the same as Hill's Fs- 
 acnre of Bardana or Burdock. 
 
 TiNCTURA Guai'aci Ammonia'ta, Ammoniated 
 Tincture of Guai'acum, T. Guaiaci'na Volat'ilis, 
 Elixir Guai'aci Volatilis, Al'cohol cum Guai'aeo 
 officina'le ammonia' tus, Al'cohol ammonicB ct Guai'- 
 aci, T. Guai'aci, (P. L. 1788,) Volatile Tincture of 
 Guai'acum. (Gnaic. pulv. ^iv, sp. ammon. arom. 
 Oiss. Macerate for 14 days, and filter.) Proper- 
 lies same as the lasc. Dose, f^j to f^ij. 
 
 Hatjitld's Tincture — a nostrum — consists of 
 Guaiaciim and csuap, aa ^ij, rectified sjnrit, Oiss. 
 
 TiNCTURA Helleb'ori, T. H. Ni(jvi, Tincture 
 of Black Hellebore, T. Metampo'dii. [Ilelleb. ni<jr. 
 eont. 5iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 
 days, express and filter. It may also be pre- 
 
 pared by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^sa 
 to f.5J. 
 
 TiNCTURA HiERA, Vinum aloes. 
 
 TiNCTURA Hu'muli, Tincture of Hops. (Hu- 
 muli, ^v, alcohol, dilut. Oij.) Tonic and sedative. 
 Dose, f^ss to f ,^iij. 
 
 TiNCTURA Hyoscy'amt, T. Hyoscyami nigri, 
 Tincture of Henbane. {Hyoscyam. fol. ^iv, cdco- 
 hol. dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express and 
 filter. It may also be prepared by displacement. 
 Ph. U. S.) Narcotic, anodyne. Dose, gtt. xx 
 tof.^ij. 
 
 TiNCTURA Io'dini, (Ph. TJ. S., 1842,) Tinctn'ra 
 lodin'ii, (Ph. U. S., 1851,) Alcohol lo'dii, Tinc- 
 ture of Iodine, [lodin. ^j, alcohol. Oj. Dissolve. 
 Ph. U. S.) The tincture spoils by keeping, or at 
 least, deposits the iodine. It has been much used 
 in goitre, &c. Dose, ten drops three times a day. 
 
 TiNCTURA lODINI COMPOS'lTA, (Ph. U. S., 1842.) 
 Tinctura lodin'ii Composita, (Ph. U. S., 1851,) 
 Compound Tincture of Iodine. [lodin. ^ss, Po- 
 tass ii iodid. ^j. Alcohol. Oj. Dissolve. Ph. U. 
 S.) Dose, id to 30 drops. 
 
 TiNCTURA -Jala'pii, T. Jcda'pm, (Ph. U. S.,) T. 
 Convol'vuli Jalapw, Tincture of Jalap, Vcdi'ga. 
 {Jalap, pulv. ,^vi, Alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate 
 for 14 daj^s, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It 
 may also be made by displacement. Cathartic. 
 Dose, f^j to f^iv. 
 
 TiNCTURA Jala'pii Compos'ita, Elixir Ja- 
 lap'iB Compios' itum, Elixir purgans', Essen'tia 
 cathol'ica piurgans Moth'ii, Elixir anthelmin'ti- 
 c}im Sueco'rum, Eau de vie Allemande. {Jalap. 
 Ibss, Scamynon. ^j. Alcohol. (22°) Ovj. Macerate 
 for eight days. Ph. P.) Dose, 60 to 100 drops. 
 
 TiNCTURA Japonica, Tiiictura catechu — t, 
 Kinse kinse Eetherea composita — t. Cinchona3 
 iBtherea composita — t. Kinkinse amara, Tinctura 
 cinchonas amara. 
 
 Tinctura Kino, Tincture of Kino. {Kino, in 
 pulv., 3^j ! Alcohol, dilut. q. s. Put the kino, 
 mixed with an equal bulk of sand, into a perco- 
 lator, and gradually pour on diluted alcohol 
 until f3viij of filtered liquor pass. The tincture 
 should be renewed frequently, and kept in closely 
 stopped bottles. Ph. U. S.) Astringent. Dose, 
 f3J to fgij. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Krame'rije, Tincture of Rhatany. 
 {Kramer, in pulv. ,^vj, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Mace- 
 rate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) 
 It may also be prepared by displacement. Dose, 
 fgj to f^ij. 
 
 Tinctura Lauri Cinnamomi, Tinctura cinna- 
 momi — t. Lavandula3 composita, Spiritus lavand. 
 comp. — t. Lyttaj, Tinctura cantharidis — t. Martis 
 Glauberi, see Ferrum tartarizatum — t. Martis in 
 spiritd salis, Tinctura ferri muriatis — t. Martis, 
 Mynsichti, Tinctura ferri ammoniata — t. Martis 
 vinosa, Vinum ferri — t. Melampodii, Tinctura 
 hellebori nigri — t. Meloes vesicatorii, Tinctura 
 cantharidis — t. Metallorum, Lilium Paractlsi — t. 
 Mimosas catechu, Tinctura catechu. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Lobe'li^, Tincture of Lobelia. 
 {Lobel. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 
 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. Dose, fjj 
 to f^ij. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Lupuli'n^, Tincture of Lu'puUne. 
 {Lupulin. gir, alcohol. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, 
 and filter. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^j to f^ij. 
 
 Tinctura Meloes Vesicatorii, Tinctura can- 
 tharidis. 
 
 Tinctura Moschi, Tincture of Musk, Esemce 
 of 3Ivsk. {3fosch. in pulv. redact. 3U' *i'* '■"'"* 
 rect. Oj.) Dose, f^j to f^iv. 
 
 Tinctura Myrkh/E, Tincture of 3Iyrrli, Simple 
 Tincture of 3Iyrrh. {SlyrrTia contusie ^\v, alco- 
 hol Oiij. Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Ph. 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 861 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 U. S.) Tonic, deobstruent, antiseptic, and deter- 
 gent. It is chiefly used in gargles, and applied 
 to foul ulcers, spongy gums, &e. 
 
 Hudson's Preservative for the Teeth and Gnms 
 consists of Thict. myrrh., finef. cineh., aq. cinnani. 
 5a 3iij, eau d'arqxiebusade, gj, pulv. c/um. Arab. 
 gss. M. 
 
 TiNCTUEA Nertixa Bestucheffii, Tinctura 
 seu alcohol sulphurico-asthereus ferri — t. Nervina 
 Halensis, Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico-EBthe- 
 reus ferri — t. JSTervino-toniea, Lamotte's, Alcohol 
 seu tinctura sulphurico-cethereus ferri. 
 
 TiNCTUEA Nucis Vom'ic^, Tincture of Nux 
 Vomica. [Alcohol, s. g. .837, f§j ; Dry Extract 
 of Ntix Vomica, 3 gr.) Dose, gtt. v to xsx, in 
 cases where the nux vomica is indicated. 
 
 It is directed, in the last edition of the Ph. U. 
 S. (1S51), to be prepared as follows: — Nucis vo- 
 inicm rasur., ^viij; alcohol, Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days, express, and filter. It may also be pre- 
 pared by the process of displacement. Dose, gtt. 
 V to XX. 
 
 Tinctura Olei Mentha Piperi't^, Tincture 
 of Oil of Pejopermint,' Essence of Peppermint. 
 {01. menthce piperita, f^ij, alcohol. Oj. Dissolve. 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, 5 drops, as a carminative. 
 
 Tinctura Olei Menth.« Vir'idis, Tincture of 
 Spearmint, Essence of Spearmint, is made in the 
 S&xae manner. Ph. U. S. 
 
 Tinctura Opii, Tincture of Opium, Liquid 
 Lau'dannm, Theriaca cceles'tis, Al'cohol cum 
 Opio, Tinctura Theba'ica, Tinctura Sedati'va. 
 (Opii pulv. §ijss, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate 
 for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) 
 Nineteen minims contain about one grain of 
 opium. Properties, those of opium. Dose, gtt. 
 XX to Ix and more. By macerating the dregs 
 remaining after making the Tinctura Opii in a 
 solution of Tartaric Acid, a solution is obtained, 
 which is said to be devoid of the exciting and 
 constipating properties of the tincture of opium. 
 Gray calls it Uaden's Liquor Opii Sedati'vus. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Opii Aceta'ta, Ac"etated Tincture 
 of Opium. (Opii ^ij ; aeeti, f§x\j ; alcohol. Oss. 
 Rub the opium with the vinegar ; add the alco- 
 hol, and having macerated for 14 days, express 
 and filter. Ph. U. S.) Twenty drops are equi- 
 valent to a grain of opium. 
 
 Tinctura Opii Ammonia'ta, Ammo'winfefZ Tinc- 
 ture of Opium, Edinburgh Paregor'io Elix'ir. 
 (Flor. benz., croci, aa Sjij, ojni ^ij, ol anisi ^ss, 
 alcohol, ammoniat. f^xvj. Digest. Ph. E.) 
 fjj contains one grain of opium. Used like the 
 Tinctura Camphor ca Composita. 
 
 Tinctura Opii Camphorata, Tinctura eam- 
 phoraB composita — t. Plumbosa, Liquor plumbi 
 subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 Tinctura Quas'si^, T. Quassice excel'siB, 
 Tinctu7-e of Quassia. (Quassice rasur. ^ij, al- 
 cohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, 
 and filter. Ph. JJ. S.) It may also be prepared 
 by displacement. Tonic. Dose, f^j to gij. 
 
 Tinctura Qui'ni^ Sulpha'tis, Tincture of 
 Sulphate of Qui'nia. (Sulphate of Quinia, gr. vj ; 
 alcohol, (.847) fgj. M.) Dose, f^j to ^iv, in 
 the day. 
 
 A Tinctura OincJio'nicB Sulpha'tis may be made 
 in a similar manner. 
 
 Tinctura Rhabarbari, Tinctura rhei — t. Rha- 
 barbari composita, Tinctura rhei — t. Rhabarbari 
 vinosa, Vinum rhei palmati. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei, T. Bhaharb'ari, T. Rhabar- 
 \iari spirituo'sa, T. lihnei, T. Rhei piolma'ti, Tine- 
 lure of Rhubarb. (Rhei, contus. ^iij, cardam. 
 eont. ,^ss, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 
 days, express, and filter. It may also be pre- 
 pared by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Stomachic 
 or purgative; according to the dose employed : 
 
 f O-i *° 3'J' ^^ ^ stomachic ; f^iy to 5J, as a pur- 
 gative. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei Compos'ita, T. Rhabarbari 
 composita. Compound Tincture of Rhubarb. (Rhet 
 rad. concis. gij, glycyrrhiz. rad. cont. .^ss, zin>- 
 gib. rad. concis., croci stigmat. aa ^i}, aqu^ 
 f^xij, s/>. te)i. Oj. Ph. L.) Properties same a< 
 the last. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei et Al'oes, Tincture of Rhu 
 ba)-b and Aloes, Elixir sacr}im. (Rhei concis 
 Zx, aloes, pulv. ^vj, cardam. cont. 5ss, alcohol 
 dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and 
 filter. Ph. U. S.) Properties like the last. 
 
 Rymer's Oar'diac Tincture consists of an infu- 
 sion of Capsicum, Camphor, Cardamom seeds. 
 Rhubarb, Aloes and Castor in Proof Spirit, with 
 a very small quantity of Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei et Gentia'n^e, Tincture of 
 Rhubarb with Oen'tian, Tinctura Rhei Ama'rcu 
 (Rhei cont. 5ij, gentian, cont. ^ss, alcohol, dilut. 
 Oij. Macerate ifor 14 days, express and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared by displace- 
 ment. Properties same as the last. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei et SenNjE, Tincture of Rhu- 
 barb and Senna, Warner's Gout Cordial. (Rhei 
 cont. ^j, senncB, ^ij, coriandr. cont., fcenicuL 
 cont. aa ^j, santal. rasur. ^\j, croci ext. glycyr- 
 rhiz. rad. a a 5^8, uvar. passar. aciuis exemptis, 
 Ibss, alcohol, dilut. Oiij. Macerate for 14 days ; 
 express and filter. Ph. JJ. S.) Dose, f^ss to f5ij. 
 Tinctura Rhcei, Tinctura rhei — t. Rhoei 
 amara, Tinctura rhei et gentianae — t. Sacra, Vi- 
 num aloes. 
 
 Tinctura Sanguina'ri^, Tincture of Blood- 
 root. (Sanguina.r. cont. §iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. 
 S.) It may also be prepared by displacement. 
 Dose, 30 to 60 drops. 
 
 Tinctura Saponis Camphorata, Linimentum 
 saponis — t. Saponis et opii, Linimentum saponis 
 et opii. 
 
 Tinctura ScilLjE, Tincture of Squill. (ScillcB 
 ^^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, 
 express, and filter. It may also be made by dis- 
 placement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gtt. XV to Ix. 
 Tinctura Sedativa, Tinctura opii. 
 Tinctura SekNjE, T. Scnnm Comj^os'ita, Elixir 
 Salu'tis, Daffy's Elixir, Tincture of Seujia. (Sen- 
 ncB fol. giij, carui sem. cont. 5''.1' cordam. sem. 
 cont. 3J' uvarum passarum demptis acinis, §iv, 
 sp. ten. Oij. Ph. L. & D.) Stomachic, carmina- 
 tive and cathartic. Dose, f^ij to f^j. 
 
 TiNCTUR^B Sennje et Jala'PjE, Tincture of 
 Senna and Jalap. (Sennm ,^iij. jalap, pulv. ^j, 
 coriandr. cont., carui cont., aa ,^ss, cardam. cont 
 ^ij, sacch. ,^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oiij. Macerate for 
 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. Dose, fgij 
 to f3J. 
 
 Tinctura Serpenta'ri^, T. S. Virginia'ncB, 
 T. Aristolochi'cB Serpentarits, Tinct-ure of Snake- 
 root. (Rad. serpent. ^^'J? alcohol, dilut. Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. 
 U. S.) It may also be prepared by displacement. 
 Tonic. Dose, f^ss to i^ij. 
 
 Tinctura Stomachica, Tinctura cardamomi 
 composita. 
 
 Tinctura Stramo'nii, Tincture of Stramo'- 
 nium. (Stramon. sem. cont. §iv, alcohol, dilut. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared by dibplaee- 
 ment. Dose, ten to twenty minims. 
 
 Tinctura Strych'ni^:. Tincture of Strych'nia. 
 (Alcohol, s. g. .837, Oj, strychnia gr. iij.) Dose, 
 6 drops to 24. Properties, those of strychnia. 
 
 Tinctura seu Al'cohol SuLrnu'Rico-iETHK-- 
 reus Fei;ri, Gutta vervi'nji. Liquor Anod'ymig 
 3Iartia,'lis, Al'cohol mihe'reus ferra'tvs, Naph' iha 
 
TINCTURE 
 
 862 
 
 TISANE 
 
 YitrioU Martia'lis, Solutio Muriatts ferrici mihe'- 
 rca, Spir'iius sulpliiirico - cBthe'reus martlalis, 
 Tinctti' ra nervi'na Halen'si^, T. Ton'ico-nervi'na 
 Ralen'siH, Tinetura an'rea, T. nervina Bestuclieffii, 
 T. nermno-ton'ica [Laniotte's), T. cet.he'rea ferri, 
 yEther Martia'lis, De La Motte'a Golden Drops, 
 Bestxicheff's Nervous Tincture, Elixir d'Or de M. 
 le General De La Motte. An ethereal solution 
 of muriate of iron. It is much used in gout, hy- 
 pochondriasis, &o. 
 
 TiNCTURA Sdlphuris Volatilis, Liquor fu- 
 mans Boylii — t. Thebaica, Tinetura opii, Vinum 
 opii. 
 
 Ti??CTURA Toltjif'er^ Bal'sami, Tincture of 
 Balsam of Tolu, T. Bal'sami Toluta'ni, T. Tolu- 
 ta'ni, (Ph. U. S., 1842.)^ T. Toluta'na, Ph. U. S., 
 1851), (Bals. Tolutan. "^vi], alcohol Oij.) Repu- 
 ted to be expectorant and corroborant. Dose, 
 f^ss to f^j, or more. 
 
 TiNCTURA ToNicA Nervina Halensis, AIco- 
 hol (seu Tinetura) sulphurico-asthereus ferri. 
 
 TiNCTURA Valeria'n.g, Tincture of Valerian. 
 ( Valerian, cont. ,^iv, alcohol, dibit. Oij. Mace- 
 rate for 14 days, express, and strain. It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. Ph. U. S.) 
 Stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose, f^ss to ^ij. 
 
 TiNCTURA Valeriana Ammonia'ta, Ammo'ni- 
 ated or Volatile Tincture of Valerian, T. Valeri- 
 anm Volat'ilis. ( ValeriancB cont. ,^iv, sp. amnion. 
 arom. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and 
 filter. It may also be made by displacement. 
 Ph. U. S.) Like the former. Dose, f^ss to f^ij. 
 
 TiNCTURA Vera'tri, T. Veratri albi, Tincture 
 of White Hellebore. (Bad. veratri alb. cont. 
 3viij, alcohol, dilut. Oijss. Ph. E.) Emetic and 
 cathartic; but not very manageable. Dose, gtt. 
 V to s. 
 
 TiNCTURA Zingib'eris, T. Amo'mi Zingiberis, 
 Tincture of Ginger. [Zingib. cont. ^viij, cdcohol. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. 
 It may also be made by displacement. Ph. U. S.) 
 Stimulant and carminative. Dose, f^ss to f 5- 
 
 TINCTURE OF ACETATE OP IRON, Tine- 
 tura ferri a^etatis — t. of Aconite, Tinetura aeoniti 
 
 — t. of Aconite root, Tinetura aeoniti radieis — t. 
 of Balsam of Tolu, Tinetura toluiferte balsami — 
 t. of Bark, Tinetura cinchonsie — t. of Bark, am- 
 moniated, Tinetura einchonte ammoniata — t. of 
 Bark, compound, Tinetura cinchonas eomposita 
 — t. of Bark, Huxham's, Tinetura cinchonse eom- 
 posita — t. of Bark, volatile, Tinetura cinchonae 
 ammoniata — t. of Belladonna, Tinetura belladon- 
 nse — t. Bestucheff's, see Tinetura ferri muriatis — 
 t. of Blistering Fly, Tinetura cantharidis — t. 
 Cardiac, Rymer's, Tinetura rhei et aloes — t. of 
 Colchicum seeds, Tinetura colehici — t. of Co- 
 lombo, Tinetura Calumbae — t. of Cubebs, Tine- 
 tura eubebo3 — t. of Galls, Tinetura gallarum — t. 
 of Ginger, Tinetura zingiberis — t. for the Gout, 
 Dr. Wilson's, see Colchicum aatumnale — t. Hat- 
 field's, see Tinetura guaiaci ammoniata — t. of 
 Hellebore, white, Tinetura veratri — t. of Hem- 
 lock, Tinetura eonii maeulati — t. of Henbane, 
 Tinetura hyoseyami — t. of Hops, Tinetura hu- 
 muli — t. of Iodine, compound, Tinetura iodini 
 eomposita — t. of Iron, ammoniated, Tinetura ferri 
 ammoniata — t. of Iron, muriated, Tinetura ferri 
 muriatis — t. Klafroth's, see Tinetura ferri muria- 
 tis — t. of Lobelia, Tinetura lobelite — t. of Lud- 
 ■ffig, see Ferrum tartarizatum — t. of Lupuline, 
 Tinetura lupuline — t. of Musk, Tinetura moschi 
 
 — t. Nervous, Bestucheff's, Tinetura seu alcohol 
 bulphurieo-fethercus ferri — t. of Oil of Pepper- 
 mint, Tinetura Olei menthaj piperita} — t. of Oil 
 of Spearmint, Tinetura olei menthte viridis — t. 
 of Opium, acetated, Tinetura opii acetata — t. of 
 Orange-peel, Tinetura aurantii — t. of Rhatany, 
 Tinetura kramerite' — t. of Rhubarb, Tinetura 
 
 rhei — t. of Rhubarb and aloes, Tinetura rhei et 
 aloes — t. of Pthubarb and gentian, Tinetura rhei 
 et gentian83 — t. of Rhubarb and senna, Tinetura 
 rhei et sennas — t. of Saffron, Tinetura croci — t. 
 of Saffron, compound, Tinetura de croeo eompo- 
 sita — t. of Senna and jalap, Tinetura sennse et 
 jalapse — t. of Snakeroot, Tinetura serpentariae — 
 t. of Soap, camphorated, Linimentum saponis — t. 
 of Spanish Fly, Tinetura cantharidis — t. of Squill, 
 Tinetura scillee — t. of Steel, Tinetura ferri ehlo- 
 ridi — t. Stomach, Tinetura eardamomi eomposita 
 — t. of Stramonium, Tinetura stramonii — t. for 
 the Teeth, Greenough's, see Spiritus armoraciae 
 eompositus — t. Toothach, Tinetura antiodontal- 
 gica — t. of Wormwood, compound, Tinetura ab- 
 sinthii eomposita. 
 
 TINDER, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 TINEA, Porrigo — t. Faciei, Porrigo larvalis — 
 t. Favosa, Porrigo favosa — t. Ficosa, Porrigo 
 scutulata — t. Furfuracea, Porrigo furfurans — t. 
 Granulata, Porrigo scutulata, Porrigo lupinosa — • 
 t. Laetea, Porrigo larvalis — t. Lupina, Porrigo 
 lupinosa — t. Mucosa, Porrigo lupinosa — t. Porri- 
 ginosa, Porrigo furfurans — t. Tondens, Porrigo 
 decalvans. 
 
 TINKER'S WEED, Triostenm. 
 
 TINKLING, METALLIC, Tintement mStaU 
 
 TINNIMENTUM METALLICUM, Tintement 
 metallique. 
 
 TINNI'TUS AU'RIUM, Fluctua'tio seu Son'- 
 itus au'rium, Paracu'sis imagina'ria, Susur'rua 
 au'rinm, Ote'chus, Syrig'mus, Syring'mos, Sib'- 
 ilus aurium, S. clango'sus. Strep' itus seu Sihilis'- 
 miis aiirium, Echoa, Eneche'ma, Bombus, Murmur, 
 'ringing of the ears,' from tinnire, 'to ring.' 
 (F.) Tintement, Tintouin, Bourdonnement, Bruisse- 
 ment. An imaginary sound, like the ringing of a 
 bell, the noise of wind, the murmur of water, <fce., 
 heard in health and in sickness. It is, often, an 
 accompaniment of cerebral disorder. 
 
 TINTEMENT, Tinnitus SMxhim — t. Bidlaire, 
 T. metallique. ^ 
 
 TINTE3IENT 3IETALLIQUE (¥.), Tinte- 
 ment bullaire, Tinnimen'tum metal'lieum, Canor 
 stethoscop'icus, Metallic Respiration, Metallic 
 Voice, Metallic Tinlding. A particular noise, 
 heard by the stethoscope when applied to the 
 chest, and which, according to Laennec, resem- 
 bles that caused by striking glass, metal, or 
 porcelain, with a pin ; but is, perhaps, more like 
 the sound of the keys of a musical snuff-box. 
 The tintement metallique or metallic tingling is 
 heard on causing the patient to speak or breathe; 
 but is more distinct when he coughs. When the 
 phenomenon is not so strongly marked, it pro- 
 duces only the metallic resonance. The 'metallic 
 tinkling,' is a pathognomonic symptom of a com- 
 munication between the bronchia and cavity of 
 the chest; in other words, of Pneumothorax. 
 
 TINTINNABULUM, Uvula. 
 
 TINTOUIN, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 TIPSARIA, Decoctum hordci. 
 
 TIBE-BALLE, Forceps (bullet.) 
 
 TIRE-FOND, (F.) A surgical instrument, 
 formerly used to elevate the piece of bone sawed 
 off bv the trephine. 
 
 TIRE-PUS, Pyulcon. 
 
 TIRE-T&TE, (F.) A name given to different 
 instruments used for extracting (he head of the 
 child when left in the uterus, and in certain cases 
 of difficult labour. The crotchet is one of those, 
 as well as the Tire-tete a, baactdc of Levret, Ac. 
 
 TIRES. Milk sickness. 
 
 TISANE, Pti'sana or Ptis'aann, Ptisane, from 
 -Tiaavt], 'pearl barley,' itself from -rtucu), 'I de- 
 corticate.' A name given to aqueous medicines, 
 containing but little, if any, medicinal agenu 
 
TISANE 
 
 8B3 
 
 TOME 
 
 The ancifents gave the name particularly to the 
 decoction of barley. 
 
 TISANE COMMUNE, Decoctum hordei. 
 
 TISIC, Phthisis. 
 
 TISICAL, Phthisicus. 
 
 TISSU, Tissue — *. Accidental, see Accidental, 
 and Tissue, accidental — t. Caverneux, Cavernous 
 texture — t. Celluleux des os, Cancelli — t. Inodu- 
 laire, Tissue, inodular — t. Lardaee, see Larda- 
 eeous — t. Spongoide, Spongoid tissue. 
 
 TISSUE, Textus, Tela, (F.) Tissu. By this 
 term, in anatomy, is meant the various parts, 
 which, by their union, form the organs; and are, 
 as it were, their anatomical elements. Histological 
 anatomy is the anatomy of the tissues, which are 
 the seat of the investigations of the pathological 
 anatomist. The best division, indeed, of diseases 
 would be according to the tissues mainly impli- 
 cated. For the elementary tissues, see Fibre. 
 The compound tissues, which, by associating or 
 combining variously, form every organ of the 
 body, have been variously classed : but every 
 division is imperfect and liable to objection. 
 The following, by Messrs. Todd and Bowman, is 
 one of the most recent. 
 
 Tabdlar View of the Tissues of the Human Body. 
 
 Examples. 
 1 Posterior layer of 
 
 1. Simple membrane, homosene- I tlie cornea.— Cap- 
 
 ous, or nearly so, employed J- siile of the lens. — 
 alone, or in the formation of I Sarcolemina of 
 compound meinbianes. J muscle, &c. 
 
 2. Filamentous Tissues, the ele- i While and yellow 
 
 iiients of which are real or V fibrous tissues. — 
 apparent filaments. S Areolar tissue. 
 
 3. Compound membranes, com--! Mucous membrane 
 
 posed ofsimplemembraneand g|^j|^ True or 
 
 a layer of cells of various' secreting plands 
 for>ns. (epithelium or ep.der- ( _q^.^^^,^ ^nd syn- 
 mis ) or of areolar tissue and ^y.^, „,e,t.branes. 
 epitneli.utn. J 
 
 4. Tissues which retain the pri-) Adipose tissue. — 
 
 mitive areolar structure as). Cartilage. — Gray 
 their permanent character. 
 
 5. Sclerous or hard tissue. 
 
 6. Compound tissues. 
 
 a. Composed of tubes of homose- 
 
 neous membrane, containing 
 a peculiar substance. ) 
 
 b. Composed of white fibrous tis- ) pibro-cartilage. 
 
 sues and cartilage. J " 
 
 Tissue, Accidental or Adventitious, consists 
 of every substance — foreign to the primitive or- 
 ganization of the economy, but yet organized 
 and living — which may be developed in the 
 anterior or at the surface of organs. Laen- 
 nec divides the accidental issues into two sec- 
 tions : 1. Those that resemble others in the ani- 
 mal economy, or analogous accidental tissues ; 
 and, 2. Those that have nothing analogous in the 
 body, and which are always the result of a mor- 
 bid process — the heterologous or heteroclite acci- 
 dental tissues. To the first class belong, ossifica- 
 tions; accidental fibrous, fibro-cartilaginous, carti- 
 laginous, areolar, and corneous tissues; hairs; the 
 serous membranes of certain encysted tumours ; 
 the mucous membranes of fistulous canals, and 
 accidental synovial membranes. To the second 
 belong tubercles, scirrhi, melanosis, &c. 
 
 Tissue, Areolar, Cellular tissue. 
 
 Tissue, Cartilag"inous, Hymenochondro'des 
 ECU HymenochondroV des {Textura seu Tela.) 
 
 Tissue, Cribriform, Cellular tissue — t. Fi- 
 brous, see Fibrous — t. Filamentous, Cellular 
 tissue. . 
 
 Tissue, Inod'ular, Tela inodula'ris, (F.) Ino- 
 ditle, Tissu inodulaire. A name given by Del- 
 pech to an accidental fibrous tissue developed in 
 Buppurating wounds, which is the principal agent 
 in cicatrization. It has, at first, the appearance 
 of a reddish cellulo-fibrous layer ; but soon loses 
 
 I nervous matter. 
 Bone. — Teeth. 
 
 > Muscle. — Nerve. 
 
 its vascularity; and its fibres, which pass in all 
 directions, become of a dull white colour, and of 
 a consistence and hardness, that may be com- 
 pared to those of the strongest articular liga- 
 ments. It is well seen in the cicatrix left after 
 burns. 
 
 Tissue, Laminated, Cellular tissue — t. Liga- 
 mentous, Desmoid tissue — t. Mucous, Cellular 
 tissue — t. Porous, Cellular tissue — t. Reticu- 
 la.ted. Cellular tissue. 
 TIT, Nipple. 
 TITHENE, Nurse. 
 
 TITHYMALUS CYPARISSA, Euphorbia cy- 
 parissias — t. Lathyris, Euphorbia lathyris — t. 
 Latifolius, Euphorbia lathyris — t. Palustris, Eu- 
 phorbia palustris — t. Paralias, Euphorbia para- 
 lias. 
 
 TITILLAMENTITM, Gargarism. 
 TITILLATION, Ticlding. 
 TITTHE, Nipple. 
 TITTHION. Nipple. 
 TITTHIS, Nipple. 
 TITTIIOS, Mamma, Nipple. 
 TITUBANTIA, Ih-edouillcment. 
 TITUBATIO, Fidgets, Vacillatio. 
 TO-AND-FRO-SOtlND, Bruit de froftemeni. 
 TOAD-FLAX, Antirhinum linaria — t. f. Bas- 
 tard, Comandra umbellata. 
 
 TOAST-WATER, Acjva tostm panis. Toast 
 well half a slice of a stale quartern loaf; put it 
 into a pitcher, and pour over it a quart of water. 
 After two hours, decant the water from the bread. 
 It is a common drink in febrile aifections. 
 
 TOBACCO, Nicotiana tabacum — t. English, 
 Nicotiana rustica — t. Indian, Lobelia inflata — 
 t. Poison, Ilyoscyamus niger — t. Wild, Lobelia 
 inflata. 
 
 TOCETOS, Parturition. 
 
 TOCODOMYCODORITISMALIGJS''A VAGI- 
 NA LIS, Colpocace puerperarum. 
 TOCOLOGY, Obstetrics. 
 TOCOS, Parturition. 
 TODDY TREE, Mamei. 
 TOE, Digitus pedis. 
 TOEPLITZ, see Toplitz. 
 TOFUS, Tophus. 
 
 TOILE D'ARAIGNEE, Ar.anese tela—*. 
 Choro'idienne, see Choroid — t. de Gaultier, Spa- 
 radrapum Galteri. 
 TOKAS, Puerpera. 
 TOKOLOGY, Obstetrics. 
 TOLA, Tonsil. 
 
 TOL'ERANCB, Toleran'tia; fvovo. tolerare, 'to 
 bear.' The power of bearing. A word used by 
 the Italian school of Rasori, to signify the power 
 of bearing large doses of certain potent remedies, 
 as tartrate of antimony and potassa. See Con- 
 tro-stimulus. 
 TOLES, Tonsil. 
 TOLIUM, Tonsil. 
 TOLLES, Tonsil. 
 TOLLUM, Tonsil. 
 
 TOLUIF'ERA BAL'SAMUM, Myrox'ylon To- 
 luif'erum. Family, Terebinthacea;. Sex. Syst, 
 Decandria lyionogynia. The name of the tree 
 which affords the Balsam of Tohi, Balsamum 
 Toluta'num, Toluta'nvm, ToJuiferm Balsami Bal- 
 samum, Goac'onaz, lied Balsam of Peru,' (F.) 
 Batune de Tolu, B. de Carthagene. It has a 
 very fragrant odour, and warm, sweetish taste; 
 is thick, and of a reddish-yellow colour. It is 
 stimulant and expectorant, (?) and is used in 
 coughs. It is chiefly, however, employed on ac- 
 count of its flavour. 
 
 TOLUTANUM, see Toluifera'balsamuuj. 
 TOMATA, Solanum lycopersicum. 
 TOME, yoHi'ifs, ro/i)?,'ro/.(of, 'incision.' A com- 
 mon suffix, as in Lilho/om?/, Broncbofomy, k% 
 
TOMEION 
 
 S64 
 
 TOOTH 
 
 Tome, Cut, Incision. 
 TOMEION. Knife. 
 
 TOMEN'TUM CER'EBRT, from tomevtum, 'a 
 flock of wool.' The infinite number of small ves- 
 sels which pass between the pia mater and con- 
 volutions of the brain. They enter the substance 
 of the brain at right angles. 
 TOMEIIS, Knife. 
 TOAIIS, Scissors. 
 TOMOTOCIA, Caesarean section. 
 TONE, Tonus, from ravw, 'I stretch.' The 
 state of tension or firmness proper to each organic 
 tissue. It is the efi'ect of tonicity. 
 Tone, Elasticity. 
 TONGA, see Datura sanguinea. 
 TONGRES, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 town of Tonp-es is about a league from Maes- 
 tricht in the Low Countries. The springs, of 
 which there are several, are chalybeate, contain- 
 ing carbonates of iron and magnesia. 
 
 TONGUE, Sax. cun5, (D.) Tong, Lingua, 
 Glossa, Glotta, (P.) Langue. The tongue is a 
 muscular, symmetrical, and very mobile organ ; 
 situate in the mouth, from the os hyoides and 
 epiglottis to the incisor teeth. Its particular 
 use is, to procure the sensation of savours ; 
 and it aids in the acts of sucking, mastication, 
 deglutition, pronunciation, and expuition. It 
 has the shape of a pyramid, flattened above and 
 below; rounded at its angles, and terminated, 
 anteriorly, by a blunt point. Its upper surface, 
 called the dorsum, is free, flat, and divided into 
 two portions by a median furrow, lin'ea media' na; 
 at the posterior extremity of which is the fora- 
 men ccBCum or Fora'men of Morgagui. The infe- 
 rior surface is free, and covered by the mucous 
 membrane on its anterior third and sides : but 
 behind and in the middle it is attached to the 
 lower jaw by means of the genio-glossus ; and to 
 the hyoides by the hyoglossus. Its. margins are 
 rounded; thick behind, thinner anteriorly. Its 
 tip, or 23oint, or dental extremity is rounded and 
 free: — the root, base, or hyoid extreimity, Badix 
 . lingum, is continuous with the epiglottis and ve- 
 lum palati. It is very thick at the foramen cffi- 
 cum; but thinner as it approaches the hyoid 
 bone. The tongue is composed of muscles, and 
 covered by a mucous membrane — Periglot'tis, 
 [nvolu'crum Ungues, Membra''i\a seu Tu'nica va- 
 ginalis seu Cutis seu Ep)ider'mis seu Tunica seu 
 [nvolu'crum muco'sum seu Crustu villo'sa lingua 
 — which forms also the frssnum beneath the 
 tongue. On this membrane are seen the different 
 jmpiUcB. The nerves of the organ proceed from 
 the inferior maxillary, glosso-pharyngeal and hy- 
 2}oglossal. The first and second are connected 
 v/ith taste; the last with the motions of the 
 organ. Some recent observers, however, con- 
 sider the glosso-pharyngeal to be the special 
 nerve of gustation. The arteries are the lingual, 
 from the external carotid; and the palatine and 
 tonsillar, from the labial. The veins are the 
 siLpierflcialis lingnce, ranina, lingualis, and suh- 
 vientalis. They open into those of the pharynx 
 and larynx. Its lymphatic vessels pass into gan- 
 glia, situate at the edge of the hyoglossi muscles. 
 Tongue, Black. A fever which prevailed in 
 me western States in the winter of 1842-3 ; pro- 
 bably typhoid fever. According to some, an 
 epidemic erysipelas. 
 
 TossuB, IIetinia cf the, Glossocele — t. In- 
 flammation of the. Glossitis — t. Red, fever, see 
 Typhus — t. Scraper, Cure-langue — t. Tie, see 
 Ankyloglossum. 
 
 TON'IC, Ton'icua. Same etymon as Tone. 
 Itelating to tone. 
 
 Tonic, Ton'icus, Tono'iicue, AntanfJien'icus, CF.) 
 Tonique, Fortifiant, in Therapeutics, means a 
 
 medicine, which has the power of exciting slovrly, 
 and by insensible degrees, the organic actions of 
 the different systems of the animal economy, and 
 of augmenting their strength in a durable man- 
 ner. Bitter, vegetable substances which are not 
 associated with an acrid or narcotic principle ; 
 preparations of iron ; cold water, <fcc., act as 
 tonics. They are also called Comfurtan'tia, Con- 
 fortati'va, C'orroboran'tia, Gonfirman'tia, lioho- 
 ran'tia, &c. 
 
 The following are the chief Tonics: — Acidum 
 Arseniosum, Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphu- 
 ricum, Argenti Nitras, Bismuthi Subnitras, Carbo 
 Ligni, Cascarilla, Cinchona, Cinohonia, Colomba, 
 Cornus Florida, Cupri Acetas, Cupri Sulphas, 
 Cuprum ammoniatum, Cusparia, Eupatorium per- 
 foliatum, Fcrri Prseparata, Gentiana, Lirioden- 
 dron, Lupulina, Piperina, Prunus Virginiana, 
 Quassia, Quinia, Salix, Salicina, Serpentaria, Zinci 
 praeparata; Aqua3 minerales acidulas et ferrugi- 
 nise. Mental Tonics, (Confidence, Hope, Amuse- 
 ment.) 
 
 Tonic Power, Irritability. 
 
 Tonic Spasm, Spasmus ton'icus, Convul'sio to- 
 nica, Oonductio, Spas'ticus, Tonos, Ento'nia, En'- 
 tasis, Enta'sia. A rigid contraction of muscles 
 without relaxation, as in trismus, tetanus, &c. 
 See Tetanus and Spftsm. 
 
 TONICITY, Tonic"itas. The faculty that 
 determines the general tone of the solids. Ex- 
 cessive tonicity causes er'ethism or crisjmess ; de- 
 ficient tonicity, atony or weakness. Tonicity has 
 been used in the same sense as irritability, 
 
 TONIQUE, Tonic. 
 
 TONOS, Tonic spasm— t. Trismus, Trismus. 
 
 TONOTICUS, Tonic. 
 
 TONSIL, Tonsil'la, Amyg'dala, ParistJi'mia, 
 Paristh'mium, Amphibran'chium, Glan'dida colli, 
 Tola, Tolles, Tales, To'liuyn, Tollum, <S)jo)?jfos, An'- 
 tias, PI. Anti'ades, Almond of the ear, Almond of 
 the throat, (F.) Amygdale, Tonsille. An ovoid col- 
 lection of follicles, about half an inch in length, 
 similar in shape to an almond, and situate, on each 
 side, between the pillars of the velum palati. The 
 inner surface, projecting into the isthmus of the 
 throat, is covered by the mucous membrane, in 
 which are the orifices of a dozen cells, whence a 
 transparent, viscid mucus oozes on pressure. This 
 mucus is destined to facilitate deglutition, by 
 lubricating the isthmus faucium ; and is forced 
 out during the passaR'e of the alimentary bolus. 
 
 TONSILLE PESTILENTES, Cynanche ma- 
 
 ""tONSILLARUM GANGR^NA, Cynanche 
 maligna. 
 
 TONSILLE, Tonsil. 
 
 TONSILLIT'IC, Tonsillit'icus. Belonging or 
 relating to the tonsils ; as the 'tonsillitic branches 
 of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve.' 
 
 TONSILLITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 TONSORIUS CULTER, Razor. 
 
 TOOTH, Sax. to«, Dens, Odons, (F.) Pent. 
 The teeth, Dentes, Mord'ices, are small, hard 
 bones, fixed in the alveoli of each jaw, and serv- 
 ing to lay hold of, and to cut, tear, and triturate 
 alimentary substances. True teeth are found 
 onlj'^ in man, the mammalia, reptiles, and fisla, 
 The teeth have, in general, the shape of an irre 
 gular cone, the base of which is towards the in 
 torior of the mouth ; and the apex, single o) 
 divided, towards the bottom of the alveoli. Eact 
 tooth has a part situate out of the alveolus, and 
 covered by a vitriforni substance. This part is 
 called the crown or coro'na. It is bounded by a 
 narrower portion, called the cervix, (F.) colUt, 
 which separates it from the portion in the alveo- 
 lus — the/a».i5f or root, (F.) racine. In the adult, 
 the teeth are 32 in number; 16 to each jaw: 
 
TOOTH-ACH 
 
 865 
 
 TORTICOLLIS 
 
 these consist of 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4 hicnspidati, 
 and 6 molares. (See these various terms.) The 
 t«eth enclose a vascular and nervous pulp, in a 
 central cavity, Cav'itas Pxdpa, Cavum Dentis, 
 Antrum denta'le. They are formed of a very 
 hard, compact tissue ; and the corona is covered 
 by a vitreous substance called Enam'el. The 
 incisor and canine teeth are developed by a 
 single point of ossification ; the lesser molares, by 
 two J and the larger, by four or five. See Denti- 
 tion. Researches b}' Ketzius, Miiller and others, 
 have led them to believe that the ivory of the 
 tooth or Dentine, Snhstan'tia os'sea of Malpighi, 
 ■proper tooth substance, hone of the tooth, osseous 
 substance of tooth, tooth bone, consists of tubular 
 fibres, which contain organic deposits of calca- 
 reous salts ; and of intertubular substance, in 
 which are observed corpuscles or osseous cells of 
 the tooth, called by Professor Owen calcic/" erons 
 cells, which also contain earthj' salts. At the 
 part where the enamel terminates at the cervix 
 of the tooth, the cnista petro'sa, cemen'tum or 
 cortical substance, commences in an extremely 
 thin stratum, passes down and gradually in- 
 creases in thickness towards the extremity of the 
 root, where it is generally the thickest. It is 
 said by Nasmyth to have been traced on the ena- 
 mel, and Purkiuje and Frankel thought that it 
 lined the cavitas pulpa?. They gave it the name 
 Substantia osto'idea. It is the mate'ria tarta'rea 
 of Malpighi. It has been found, however, that 
 the hard substance deposited on the inner sur- 
 face of the dentine, at the age of twenty years or 
 later, and which encroaches on the cavity, has a 
 distinct structure from the cement, and resembles 
 in part dentine, and in part bone. It is the horny 
 substance of Blumenbach, the osteodentine of 
 Owen, and the secondary dentine of Tomes. In 
 the compound teeth of the herbivorous animal, a 
 deposition is found on the surface of the enamel, 
 which has been called cementum. Miiller, how- 
 ever, regards it to be a deposit from the salts and 
 the saliva, and to be essentially the same as what 
 is called tartar in the human subject. 
 
 TOOTH-ACH, Odontalgia— t. Bone, see Tooth 
 • — t. Bush, Xanthoxylum fraxineum — t. Tree, 
 Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. 
 
 TOOTH EDGE, Ac/acement des dents, Hsemo- 
 dia — t. Paste, Dentifricium — t. Rash, Strophulus 
 — t. Shell, dog-like, Dentalium. 
 
 TOPHACEOUS COXORETIOX, Tophus. 
 
 TOPHUS, Tffus, Osteot'opihus, Topha' ceous 
 Concretion. A collection of hard, calcareous mat- 
 ter, which forms, particularly, at the surface of 
 joints affected with gout; (see Calculi, arthritic,) 
 and occasionally, in the interior of organs, around 
 the teeth, &c. It likewise meant gravel and 
 chalaza. 
 
 TOP'IC, Top'ical, Top'ieus. A local applica- 
 tion; (F.) Topiique.. See Local. 
 
 TOPICUS, Local. 
 
 TOPINARIA, Talpa. 
 
 TOPIQUE, Topic. 
 
 TOPLITZ or TEPLITZ, MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. Toplitz is a town of Bohemia, cele- 
 brated for its numerous thermal springs. The 
 water contains chloride of sodium, carbonate, 
 and sulphate of soda ; and carbonates of lime and 
 iron, ka. Temp. 114° to 122° Fahr. 
 
 Toplitz, Toplitz. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY, see Ana- 
 tomy. 
 
 TORCULAR, Tourniquet. 
 
 Tor'cular Heeoph'ili, The Press of Heroph'- 
 ilua, Leehenei'on, Lenos, Lenum, Fourth Sinus, 
 (F.) Confluent des Sinus, Pressoir d'Herophile. 
 A smooth and polished cavity, of irregular shape, 
 in which several sinuses of the dura mater meet. 
 55 
 
 It is situate before the internal occipital protube- 
 rance, at the union of the three great duplicatures 
 of the dura mater. It has sis openings into it: 
 — one above, that of the superior longitudinal 
 sinus ; two below, answering to the occipital si- 
 nuses; one anterior, belonging to the straight 
 sinus ; and two lateral, and very broad, which 
 lead into the lateral sinuses; and con ve}' from 
 the cavity the blood that has been poured into it 
 by the others. 
 
 TORCULUM, Tourniquet. 
 
 TORDY'LIUM, T. Officinale, Ses'eli Cret'i- 
 cum seu 3fonta'nuin, (F.) Seseli de Crete. Family, 
 Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 
 The seeds and roots of this Southern European 
 plant are considered carminative and diuretic. 
 They enter into the theriaca. 
 
 TORE'NIA ASIAT'ICA, Cmla-dolo. A small 
 Malabar plant, the juice of whose leaves, sweet- 
 ened with sugar, is said to cure gonorrhoea. 
 
 TORMEXTIL, Geranium maculatum, Tor- 
 mentilla. 
 
 TORMENTIL'LA, T.erec'ta seu syhes'tris sea 
 officina'lia seu tubero'sa, Fraga'ria tormentil'la 
 offieina'lis, PotentiU'a tormentill'a. Common Tor- 
 rnen'til, Upright Septfoil, JJejjiaphyl'lum, ConsoV- 
 ida rubra, (F.) Tormentille. Family, Rosaceffi. 
 Sex. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. The root has 
 a slightly aromatic odour ; and austere, styptic 
 taste. It is astringent. Dose, of the powder, gr. 
 s to gj. 
 
 TORMENTUM, Ileus, Intussusceptio. 
 
 TOR'MINA, Strophos, CccliaVgia, EncosliaV- 
 gia, Anile'ma, Anile'sis, Gripes, 3hdl!grubs, (F.) 
 Tranchees. Acute colicky pains. Dysentery. 
 
 ToRJiiNA Celsi, Dysentery — t. Parturientium, 
 Pains, labour — -t. Post partum, see Pains, labour. 
 
 TORNACULUM, Tourniquet. 
 
 TOROS'ITAS, Corpulen'tia carno'sa, Hab'iius 
 athlet' icus. Muscular strength; from torosus, 
 'brawny,' — fori, 'brawn.' 
 
 TOROSUS, Muscular. 
 
 TORPEDO, Narcosis. 
 
 TORPEFACTIO UNIVERSALIS, Holonar- 
 cosis. 
 
 TORPID, Tor'pidus, (F.) Engourdi; from tor- 
 peo, '1 am benumbed.' Numb. Incapable of 
 exertion and of feeling. Dull, stupid, inactive. 
 
 TORPIDITAS, Torpor. 
 
 TORPIDUS, Narcotized, Torpid. 
 
 TORPOR, Torpid'itas, Noth'rotes, Parap'sia 
 expers, (F.) Engourdissement, from torpere, 'lo 
 be numbed.' State of a part which becomes 
 numb, and almost incapable of motion. Torpjor, 
 Torpiid'ity, Torpid'ness, Tor'pitnde are also ap- 
 plied to a debilitated, sluggish condition of a part 
 or of the whole of the body; Aer'gia, (F.) Acca- 
 blement. 
 
 Torpor, Narcosis — t. of the Colon, see Colon, 
 torpor of the — t. Intestinornm, Constipation- -t. 
 Soporificus, Noear. 
 
 TORQUAY. A town in Devonshire, England, 
 which, on account of the mildness of its climate, 
 and its sheltered situation from the bleaker winds, 
 is a frequent retreat for the phthisical invalid. 
 
 TOR'SION, Tor'sio. The act of twisting. 
 Torsion of the extremities of bleeding vessels, 
 Angios'troptlie, until the blood ceases to flow, i." 
 sometimes used to arrest hemorrhage from divided 
 vessels. 
 
 TORTELLE, Erysimum. 
 
 TORTICOL'LIS, Obsfip'itas, Caput olsti'pum, 
 Obsti'pia cervix, Obeiip'itas cap'itis seu Colli, Col- 
 lum obsti'pum, TracheV agra, Enta'sia Loxiit, 
 Lox'ias, Cephalox'ia, Ancylode're, Ancylodc'ris, 
 Jthabocra'nia, Auchenorrheii'ma, Pheumatis'mtis 
 colli. Eh. Cervi'cii, Stiffnech, Wryneck ? from 
 toi-qxtere, iortum, ' to twist,' and colltm, 'the noek.' 
 
TORTOISE 
 
 TRACHELO 
 
 A variety of rheumatism, seated in the muscles 
 of the neck, which prevents the motion of the 
 head, and causes the patient to hold it inclined to 
 the side affected. It is, commonly, of short dura- 
 tion ; usually disappearing in a few days. E,ube- 
 facients are the best topical applications. The 
 term is also applied to permanent contraction of 
 the muscles of the neck, which causes the head 
 to be held to one side. The remedy is the divi- 
 sion of the contracted muscles. 
 
 TORTOISE, FRESHWATER, GREAT, Hy- 
 drasnis expansa. 
 
 T'ORTUE, Testudo. 
 
 TORTURA ORIS, Canine laugh, Neuralgia 
 faciei — t. Oris paralytica Linncei, Paralysis, Bell's. 
 
 TOR'ULA CEREVIS'I^, Saccharom'yces sen 
 M'jcoder'ma cereviaice., Cryptoeoc'cuH ferment' um, 
 Yertst plant. One of the simplest forms of vege- 
 tation, capable, under favourable circumstances, 
 of vegetating rapidly, and assisting in producing 
 the fermentation of saccharine substanees. The 
 plant has been found in vomited fluids, and in 
 
 TORULUS GLANDIS, Crown of the glans. 
 
 TORUS, Muscle — t. Mantis, Metacarpus. 
 
 TOTA BONA, Chenopodium bonus Henrieus. 
 
 TOTUM CARNOSUM, Pancreas. 
 
 TOUCH, Taetns, Tac'tio, Ha2ihe, Hapsts, Tac'- 
 tion, Palpu'tion, (F.) Toucher. One of the five 
 senses, and that which makes known to us the 
 palpable qualities of bodies, such as their con- 
 sistence, quality, &c. It is seated, particularly, 
 in the hands; and diifers from tact in being 
 active. 
 
 Touch-me-not, Impatiens fulva. 
 
 Touch, Royal. It was at one time almost uni- 
 versally believed, in England, that the royal touch 
 would remove Scrofula or King's Evil, (as it was 
 thence called.) This superstition is now entirely 
 exploded. Edward, the Confessor, was the first 
 English king who touched for the Evil. 
 
 TOUCHER, Esaphe, Touch. 
 
 TOUCHWOOD, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 TOUR BE MAITRE, Coup de maitre. 
 
 TOURBILLON YASCULAIRE, Vasa va- 
 sorum. 
 
 TOURNESOL, Heliotropium Europseum. 
 
 TOURNIOLE, Paronychia. 
 
 TOUR'NIQUET, Tor'cxdar, Tor'culum, Tor- 
 nac'uhan, Prce'lium, Prce'liuw, Prm'lium seu Pre- 
 lum arieria'le, Verticil'lum, Fas'cia tor'tilis, from 
 (F.) tourner, 'to turn.' A surgical instrument 
 for stopping the course of blood in the limbs, by 
 exerting a strong compression upon the principal 
 artery. It was invented by a French surgeon. 
 Morel, in the middle of the 17th century; and 
 ■was modified subsequently, by Xuck, Verduc, 
 Monro, Petit, and Louis. It is used to suspend, 
 for a time, the circulation in a limb, during great 
 operations ; to arrest arterial hemorrhage in cases 
 of wounds ; to compress certain aneurismal and 
 other tumours, Ac. 
 
 TOUS-LES-MOIS, Am'ijlum canna'ceum. A 
 fecula obtained from the root of Canna coccin'ea. 
 It resembles potato starch, and may be substi- 
 tuted for arrow-root. It is obtained from St. 
 Kitts. 
 
 TOUTE BONNE, Salvia sclarea. 
 TOUTE EPICE, see Myrtus pimenta — <. 
 S'liiie, Sanicula. 
 
 TO UX, Tassis—t. Blene, Pertussis — t. Bron- 
 (Jiiqnn, Bronchial cough, Cough, tubal — t. Cnver- 
 nrT(*c, see Cavernous "-aspiration — t. Conrulaice, 
 j'crtussis — '. Quttuvuse, Pertussis — t. Tuhaire, 
 ]>r(inchial coujh. Cough, tubal. 
 
 TOXIC^MIA, Toxicohamia. 
 
 TOXICAL, Poisonous. 
 
 TOXTCATIO. Poisoning. 
 
 TOXICODENDRON, Rhus toxicodendron. 
 
 TOXICOH^'MIA, Toxicfp'mia, from toUkov, 
 'a poison,' and 'ai/^a, 'blood.' Poisoning of the 
 blood. — Piorry. 
 
 TOXICOL'OGY, Toxicolofj"ia, from to^ikov, 
 (itself from to^ov, 'a bow,') 'a poison,' and \oyo(, 
 ' a description.' A treatise on poisons. 
 
 TOXICO'SES, (G.) Toxikosen, from rofi/coi', 
 'a poison.' A family of diseases, according to 
 the classification of Fuchs, caused by the recep- 
 tion of poisons into the system. 
 
 TOXICUM, Poison. Venom. 
 
 TRABECULA CEREBRI, Corpus callosum— 
 t. Cordis, Columnse carnefe. 
 
 TRABECULiE SPLENIS, see Spleen— t.WiL 
 lisii, Chordag Willisii. 
 
 TRABES CORDIS, Columnaj carnese. 
 
 TRABS, Penis — t. Cerebri, Corpus callosum— 
 t. Medullaris, Corpus callosum. 
 
 TRACE, PRIMITIVE, Groove, primitive. 
 
 TRACHE'A, (generally, however, accented 
 Tra'chea.) Trache'a arte'ria, Bronchvs, As'pera 
 arteria, Fis'tula sjjiritua'lis, F. pulmona'lis, Can. 
 na, Syrin'ga, Syrinx; the Windpiipie, Throttle, 
 (F.) Trachee artere, from rpu^vj, 'rough,' and 
 apTrjpia, 'artery,' composed of arjp, 'air,' and 
 TTjpetv, 'to keep.' The trachea is a cylindrical, 
 fibro-cartilaginous and membranous tube, flat- 
 tened behind, and situate on the median line, be- 
 fore the vertebral column, from the inferior part 
 of the larynx, as far as the third dorsal vertebra. 
 There it divides into two branches, the bronchia, 
 which separate to go to each lung. The trachea, 
 the function of which is to convey air to the 
 lungs during respiration, is composed, 1. Of car- 
 tilaginous rings, An'ntdi cartilagin' ei , Segmen'ta 
 cartilagin'ea, Orhes cartilagino'si, incomplete be- 
 hind ; situate one above the other, and kept in 
 situ by a fibrous membrane. 2. Of a mucous 
 membrane, which lines it internally, and contains 
 numerous mucous follicles. 3. Of transverse 
 muscular fibres, not well-marked, which occupy 
 its posterior surface. 4. Of vessels, which pro- 
 ceed from the superior and inferior thyroideal ; 
 and, 5. Of nerves, that are given oS by the pneu- 
 mogastric and the cervical ganglia. The breath- 
 ing tubes of insects are termed Trachea. 
 
 Trachea Arteria, Trachea. 
 
 TRACHEAE, see Trachea. 
 
 TRA'CHEAL, Trachea'lis. Appertaining to 
 the trachea. An epithet applied to respiration 
 as heard through the stethoscope opposite the 
 trachea, larynx, and root of the bronchia: the 
 air appearing as if sucked in from the cylinder 
 during inspiration, and expelled during expi- 
 ration. 
 
 Tracheal GLA^^)S. Mucous follicles on the 
 posterior surface of the trachea. They are small, 
 flattened ovoid bodies. 
 
 TRACHEE ARTERE, Trachea. 
 
 TRACHEITIS, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 TRACHELAGRA, Torticollis. 
 
 TRACHELIAN, Cervical. 
 
 TRACHELISM'US, from rpaxv>^ov, 'the neck.' 
 A term proposed by Dr. Marshall Hall, for a fan- 
 cied spasmodic action of the muscles of the neck, 
 which he esteems to be the cause of many morbid 
 phenomena, by inducing compression of the veins 
 of the neck and an impeded return of blood from 
 the head. 
 
 TRACHELITIS, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 TRACHELIUMAMERICANUM, Lobelia ear- 
 dinalis. ^ 
 
 TRA CHEL 0-A TL ID 0-0 CO IP IT A L, Obli- 
 quus superior capitis — t. Atlo'ido-basilaire, Rectus 
 capitis lateralis — t. Basilaire, Rectus capitis in- 
 
TRACHELO 
 
 867 
 
 TRANSPOSITIO 
 
 ternus major — t. Baailaii-e, petit, Rectus capitis 
 iuterniis minor. 
 
 TRACHE'LO-DIAPHRAGMAT'IC, 7'meSe?o- 
 diaphragmat'icus. The fourth pair of cervical 
 nerves, whence the phrenic nerve chiefly arises. 
 — Chaussier. 
 
 TRACHELO-MASTOiDIEN, Complexus mi- 
 nor — t. Occipital, Complexus — t. Phyma, Bron- 
 chocele — t. Scctpulaire, Levator scapulas, 
 
 TRACHELOS, Collum. 
 
 TRACHEOCELE, Bronehocele. 
 
 TRACHEOPHONY, Larvngophony. 
 
 TRACHEOPIITHISIS, see Phthisis laryngeu'. 
 
 TRACHEORRHAG"IA, Hamop'toe seu Hm- 
 • mop'ti/sis larynge'a et trachea'lis, from rpaxtia, 
 ' the trachea,' and pnyw/xi, ' to break forth.' Hse- 
 morrhage from the trachea. 
 
 TRACHEOSTENO'SIS, from r^axna, 'the 
 trachea,' and orci/uo-ij, 'contraction.' Contraction 
 or narrowness of the trachea. 
 
 TRACHEOTOMY, see Bronchotomy. 
 
 TRACHITIS, Cynanehe trachealis. 
 
 TRACHO'MA, Aspre'clo, irovarpaxyi, 'rough.' 
 Gran'ular conjuncti' va, Gran'ular eyelid, (P.) 
 Asperite des Paiq^ieres. A roughness of the inner 
 surface of the eyelids ; granular eyelids. A va- 
 riety of ophthalmia, of which three kinds have 
 been designated : — T. sahulo'sum, from sand, <S;c., 
 getting between the eyelids ; T. caruncido'sum, 
 Phadaro'des, Phndaro'sis, ilorum pal'pehrce in- 
 ter'nas, from fleshy excrescences ,• and T. herpet'- 
 ieum, from bard pustules on the inner surface of 
 the eyelids. This last is, also, called Fico'sis, and 
 Pal'pehra fico'sa. 
 
 TRACT, OPTIC, see Optic nerves — t. Respi- 
 ratory, see Respiratory tract. 
 
 TRACTATIO MANUARIA, Surgery. 
 
 TRACTORATION, Perkinism, see Tractors, 
 metallic. 
 
 TRACTORS, METAL'LIO. Metallic agents, 
 introduced by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Connecticut, 
 about the end of the last century, to cure diseases. 
 The parts were rubbed with these tractors, and 
 hundreds of thousands of cases were reported to 
 have been cured by the Traetora'tion. The affec- 
 tions, in which they were chiefly used, were local 
 inflammations, and pains in different parts. The 
 good efi'ects were, doubtless, owing to the influence 
 exerted by the mind over the body. The bubble 
 did not exist long. See Perkinism. 
 
 TRACT US IjSTTESTINORUM, Intestinal 
 Tube — t. Opticus, see Optic nerves — t. Respi- 
 ratorius, Respiratory tract. 
 
 Tractus Spira'lis Foraminulen'ttjs. Minute 
 openings at the base of the modiolus, arranged 
 in a spiral manner, which transmit the filaments 
 of the cochlear nerve. The central canal of the 
 Tractus is longer than the rest, and is called Tu'- 
 hidiis cetitra'lis modi'oli. 
 
 TRADESCAN'TIA VIRGIN'ICA, Spider- 
 wort; indigenous; Order, Commelynaceae; flow- 
 ering from May to August. The roots are de- 
 mulcent. 
 
 TRAGACAN'THA, Gummi Tragacan'tha, G. 
 Astrag'ali Tragacanthm, Gum Tragacanth, Gum 
 Dragon. The concrete juice of the Astragalus 
 Tragacantha or Astragalus Verus, a native of 
 Persia. Family, Leguminosce. Sex. Syst. Dia- 
 delphia Deeandria. (F.) Gonmxe Adragant, Adra- 
 gant. This gum is inodorous; nearly insipid; of 
 a whitish colour; semi-transparent, and striated. 
 It is in thin, vermiform pieces; and does not form 
 a smooth, uniform mucilage with water. It is 
 demulcent, but is rarely used alone. 
 
 TRAGEA AROMATICA, Pulvis cinnamomi 
 compositus. 
 
 TRAG"ICUS, Tragien (Ch.), from Tragus. A 
 small, flat, triangular muscle which almost wholly 
 covers the outer surface of the tragus, arising 
 from its base, and terminating at the top of the 
 eminence. 
 
 tragien; Tragicus. 
 
 TRAGOMASCHA'LIA, Tragomas'chale, from 
 Tpayog, 'a goat,' and ^iacrxa^v> 'axilla.' The strong, 
 unpleasant odour of the armpits. 
 
 TRAGOPHONIA, Egophony. 
 
 TRAGOPO'GON, Barba hirci, from rpayos, 'a 
 goat,' and iruyuv, 'beard.' A genus of plants; 
 Family, Cichoracea;. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Po- 
 lygamia ^qualis. (F.) Barhe de Bouc; of which, 
 the roots of the Tragopogon j^orrifo'lium, Salsifi, 
 Oyster-root, and the 3'oung shoots of the T. pra- 
 ten'se, Meadoio Salsifi, Common Goat's Beard, (F.) 
 Sahijis des pres, are eaten as food. The root of 
 the latter has been used as a diuretic. 
 
 TRAGOSELINUM, Pimpinella saxifraga — t. 
 Angelica, Ligusticum podograria — t. Magnum, 
 Pimpinella magna — t. Majus, Pimpinella magna 
 — t. Saxifraga, Pimpinella magna. 
 
 TRAGUS, Tpayog, 'a goat;' from its being fur- 
 nished, in some persons, with hair, like the beard 
 of a goat. Hirciis, Hirquus. A small, flattened, 
 triangular nipple, situate before the meatus audi- 
 torius externus, which it appears to conceal. It 
 is covered with hair in old people, whence its 
 name. Also, the peculiar goit-liko smell of the 
 axilla3. 
 
 Tragus Matthioli, Salsola kali. 
 
 TRAINASSE, Polygonum aviculare. 
 
 TRAMIS, Perina3um. 
 
 TRANCE, Catalepsy, Ecstasis. 
 
 TRANGHEES, Tormina— t. Utermes, Pains, 
 after. 
 
 TRANSFIGURATIO, Transformation. 
 
 TRANSFORMA'TION, Transforma'tio, Trans- 
 figura'tio, Transmxita'tio, 3letab'ole, from trans, 
 'beyond,' nnd forma, 'form.' Change of form. 
 
 TRANSF0R3IATI0NS DE TISSU, (F.) 
 The French pathologists designate thus the 
 change that occurs in an organ, the tissue of 
 which becomes similar to that of another organ. 
 The chief transformations are cartilaginous, osse- 
 ous, and adipous. See Tissue. 
 
 TRAKSFU'SION, Transfusio, from trans/mi- 
 dere (trans, and fundere, 'to pour'), 'to pour from 
 one vessel into another.' Transfusio San' guinis, 
 Cura 3Iedea'na, MethcBmacliym'ia, Ilamatome- 
 taeh'ysis, Hamometach' ysis, Diach'ysis, Transp)lan- 
 ta'tio med'ica nova, Okirur'gia transfuso'ria, Ex- 
 oticJimmato'sis. The act of passing the blood of 
 one animal into the veins of another ; an opera- 
 tion which was formerly used to fulfil various 
 therapeutical intentions. It has been revived 
 in cases of uterine hemorrhage; and, apparently, 
 with some success. 
 
 The operation can only be performed safely 
 on animals having like kinds of blood. Sea 
 Globule. 
 
 TRANSLATION, Metastasis. 
 
 TRANSMUTATIO, Transformation. 
 
 TRANSPIRATIO, Perspiration— t. Unilatera, 
 Hetnidiaphoresis. 
 
 TRANSPLANTA'TIO, Metaplytei' a. A pre- 
 tended method of curing diseases, devised by 
 Paracelsus — by making them pass from one indi- 
 vidual to another, either animal or vegetable. 
 
 Transplantatio, Morioplastice — t. Medica 
 nova. Transfusion. 
 
 Transplanta'tio Dentis, Insit'Ho dentin. Tho 
 act of transplanting a tooth from one person to 
 another. 
 
 TRANSPORT, Delirium. 
 
 TRANSPOSITIO, MetatheaB. 
 
TRANSPOSITION 
 
 868 
 
 TRAPEZIUM 
 
 TRA]SrSPOSIT"ION, TransposHio, from trans, 
 over,' and ponere, ' to put/ Metath'esis. Change 
 of situation. 
 
 Transposition op the Vis'ceea, Polype'ria 
 proviis' cua translati'va, Intus inver'sus, is a con- 
 genital yice of conformation, which consists in 
 the viscera being found out of the situations they 
 ordinarily occupy: the heart, for example, being 
 on the right sidej the liver on the left, Ac. 
 TRANSUDATIO, Diapedesis. 
 TRANSUDA'TION, Transuda'tio, from trann, 
 ' through,' and siidare, sudatum, ' to sweat.' The 
 passage of a fluid through the tissue of any or- 
 gan, which may collect in small drops on the 
 opposite surface, or evaporate from it. 
 Transudation, Exosmose. 
 TRANSVERSAIRE EPINEUX, Transver- 
 salis dorsi — t. Epineux du cou, Semispinalis colli 
 — f. Grele, see Sacro-lumbalis — t. Epineux du 
 doe, Semi-spinatus dorsi. 
 
 TRANSVERSAL BE LA CON QUE, Trans- 
 versalis auris — t. du Nez, Compressor nasi — t. 
 dee Orteils, Transversus pedis. 
 TRANSVERSALIS, Transverse. 
 Transtersa'lis Abdom'inis, (P.) Lomlo-ab- 
 dominal, (Ch.) Transverse de I' Abdomen. This 
 muscle is seated, deeply, on the lateral parts of 
 the abdomen. It is flat, thin, and broader before 
 than behind. It is attached, above, to the carti- 
 lage of the last true rib, and to those of every 
 false rib ; and, below, to the inner lip of the crista 
 of the ilium ; to the two outer thirds of the crural 
 arch, and to the upper part of the pubis. Its 
 fibres, moreover, are inserted, behind, by means 
 of broad aponeuroses, into the top of the trans- 
 verse and spinous processes of the first four lum- 
 bar vertebroe ; and, before, into the linea alba, 
 .and the ensiform cartilage. This muscle, all of 
 whose fibres have a transverse direction, con- 
 stricts the belly, and diminishes the base of the 
 chest, by drawing inwards the ribs to which it is 
 attached. 
 
 Transversalis Anticus Primus, Rectus ca- 
 pitis lateralis — t. CoUateralis colli, see Sacro- 
 lumbalis. 
 
 Transversa'lis Colli, Transversalis Major 
 colli, Portion of the Sacro-spiinal (Ch.), (F.) 
 Tramversaire. A muscle, seated at the posterior 
 and lateral part of the neck and upper part of 
 the back. . It is attached to the transverse pro- 
 cesses of the five or six lowest vertebras of the 
 neck ; and to those of the four or five first dorsal. 
 It extends the vertebras of the neck, and inclines 
 them to its side. 
 
 Transversalis Colli, Semi-spinalis colli. 
 Transversalis Dorsi, Transversa -spinalis, 
 Multif'idue SinncB, Lumbo-cervical piortion of the 
 Spinal ( Ch. ), [Transverso-spinalis Lumbo'rum, 
 Transversa -spinalis Dorsi, Transversa -spinalis 
 Colli,) Mus'culas sacer, Spinales et transversales 
 lumborum, Semi-spinalis internus sive Transverso- 
 tjnnalis colli pars interna (Winslow), Jjomho- 
 dorsi-spinal, <fcc., ( F. ) Transversuire epineux. 
 This muscle, usually called, by English anato- 
 mists, Midtifidus spince, and including all the 
 transversa- spinales, is situate in the vertebral 
 gutters, extending from the posterior part of the 
 sacrum to the second cervical vertebra;. It is 
 'jiicker in the neck and loins than in the back 
 ftnd behind the sacrum. Its use is — to straighten 
 the vertebral column, and to impress upon it a 
 plight rotary motion. 
 
 Transversalis Nasi, Compressor naris. 
 TRANSVERSARIUS, Transverse. 
 TRANSVERSE, Trausver'sus, Transversa'lis, 
 Transversa' rins, from tra7is, ' over,' and verterc, 
 ' to turn.' That which runs across : also, that 
 
 which relates to the transverse processes of the 
 vertebrce. 
 
 Transverse Artery of the Face, arises from 
 the temporal ; passes transversely across the face, 
 in front of the condyle of the lower jaw, and 
 gives its branches to the different muscles of tha 
 cheek. 
 
 Transveese Fissure, see Liver — t. Ligament 
 of the Atlas, Annular ligament. 
 
 Transverse Perineal Artery, Urethro-lnl- 
 bar (Ch.), is given off from the upper branch of 
 the internal pudic ; and passes inwards and for- 
 wards above the transversus perinsei muscle, as 
 far as the bulb of the urethra, into which it dips, 
 subdividing into numerous branches. 
 
 Transverse Proc"esses op the VER'TEBRiE, 
 Diapiophyses, of Owen, (F.) Apophyses transverses 
 des vertebres, are the bony eminences that jut out 
 transversely and posteriorly from the sides of the 
 vertebras. 
 
 Transverse Suture, Sutu'ra transversa'lis, 
 runs across the face, and sinks into the orbit ; 
 joining the bones of the skull to those of the 
 face, but with so many irregularities and inter- 
 ruptions, that it can scarcely be recognised as a 
 suture. 
 
 TRANSVERSE DE L' ABDOMEN, Trans- 
 versalis abdominis — t. de I'Orieule, Transversus 
 auris — t. du Perinee, Transversus perin^i. 
 
 TRANSVERSO-SPINAL, Semi-spinalis colli, 
 Semi-spinalis dorsi — t. Spinalis, Transversalis 
 dorsi — t. Spinalis colli. Semi-spinalis colli — t. 
 Spinalis dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi. 
 
 TRANSVER'SUS AURIS, Transver'sus An- 
 ric'idae, (F.) Transverse de I' Orictde (Ch.), Trans- 
 versal de la Conqne, is often wanting. It is 
 formed of some transverse fibres, situate trans- 
 versely, behind the projection of the helix which 
 divides the concha into two portions. 
 
 Transversus Pedis, <S'ca?KZ((?a'rjM«, (F.) Trans- 
 versal des Orteils, Metatarso-sous-phalangien trans- 
 versal du premier orteil (Chaussier). A muscle, 
 which arises by fleshy slips from the heads of the 
 metatarsal bones of the three outer toes. Its 
 tendon is inserted into the base of the first pha- 
 lanx of the great toe, being blended with that 
 of the adductor pollicis. 
 
 Transversus Peein^i, Leva'tor Ani pawns, 
 Ischio-perineal (Ch.,) (F.) Transverse du Perinee, 
 is placed at the posterior part of the perinseum. 
 It is thin, triangular, and situate transversely. 
 Its external extremity is attached to the ramus 
 and tuberosity of the ischium : its inner extremity 
 is confounded with its fellow of the opposite side, 
 and with the anterior part of the sphincter ani 
 and posterior part of the bulbo-cavernosns. The 
 use of this muscle is, — to compress the urethra, 
 and to support the rectum and bladder. To a 
 fasciculus of this muscle, Santorini has given the 
 name Ure'thrce Elevd'tor seu Ejacula' tor. 
 
 Teansveesus Perin,'e'x Alter, Prostat'icus 
 inferior. A small muscle which occasionally ac- 
 companies the last. 
 
 TRAPA NATANS, (F.) Macre fiottante, Noix 
 d'Enu, Chaiair/ne d'Eau. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria 
 Monogynia. The plant which aflbrds the N'ucea 
 Aquat'iccB, TriVnli aqnafici. Caltrops. The nut 
 is considered nutrient and demulcent, and is said 
 to be useful in diarrhoea from abrasion of the 
 bowels, and in calculus. A poultice is sometimes 
 made of it to discuss hard and indolent tumours. 
 TRAPEZE, Trapezium, Trapezius. 
 TRAPE'ZIUM OS, Tpaizc^iov. So called from 
 its shape. Os multan'(juhim majus, (F.) Os tra- 
 j)ize. The first bone of the second row of the 
 carpus. It is articulated, above, with the sca- 
 phoides; below, with the first bone of the meta- 
 
TRAPEZIUS 
 
 TRIAXGULAR 
 
 carpus; within, with the trapezoides, and second 
 metacarpal bone. Anteriorlj', posteriorlj^, and 
 externally, it gives attachment to ligaments. 
 
 TRAPE'ZIUS, CucuUa'ris, (F.) I)or.io-8HS. 
 acromien (Ch.), Trapeze, Capiichoii. A muscle, 
 seated at the posterior part of the neck and 
 shoulder, and at the upper part of the back. It 
 has the shape of a trapezium; is attached, on the 
 one hand, to the inner third of the upper curved 
 line of the occipital bone ; to the posterior cer- 
 vical ligament; to the spinous process of the 7th 
 cervical vertebra; and to those of all the dorsal 
 vertebra3 ; and, on the other hand, to the spine 
 of the scapula; the acromion and the outer third 
 of the posterior margin of the clavicle. Its upper 
 fibres are situate obliquely downwards and out- 
 wards; the transverse and inferior, obliquely out- 
 wards and inwards. This muscle elevates the 
 shoulder; carries it backwards, or depresses it, 
 according as its upper, middle, or lower fibres 
 contract separately. It straightens the head, 
 also, and inclines it to one side. 
 
 TRAP'EZOID LIGAMENT. The anterior 
 part of the coraco-clavicular ligament. It is a 
 very strong, fibrous fasciculus, which has the 
 shape of a trapezium, and is situate obliquely, 
 between the acromion process and clavicle. 
 
 TRAPEZOi'DES, OS, Os nmUan'gulum minus, 
 Gs pyramida'le carp)i, from rpan-t^iov, 'a trape- 
 zium,' and uSoi, 'shape or resemblance.' The 
 second bone of the second row of the carpus, — so 
 called from its shape. It is smaller than the tra- 
 pezium, on the inside of which it is situate. It 
 is articulated, above, with the os naviculare ; 
 below, with the second metacarpal bone ; on the 
 outside, with the trapezium; and internally, with 
 the magnum. Anteriorly and posteriorly, it 
 affords attachment to ligaments. 
 
 TRAUDENOUR, Grape cure. 
 
 TRAULISMUS, see Balbuties and Bltesitas. 
 
 TRAULOTES, see Blsesitas. 
 
 TRAUMA, Wound. 
 
 TRAUMAT'IC, Traumat'icus, Vidnera'rius, 
 Vul'nerary; from Tpavjxa, ' a wound.' Any thing 
 relating to a wound. 
 
 TRAUMATICA, Detergents, Vulneraries. 
 
 TRAUMATIGUS, Traumatic, Vulnerary. 
 
 TRAUMATOP'YRA, Febris traumat'ica; from 
 Tpav^a, 'a wound,' and -nvp, 'fire.' A wound fever, 
 or fever consecutive to a wound. 
 
 TRAVAIL, Parturition. 
 
 TRAVAIL D' ENFANT, Parturition. 
 
 TRAVELLER'S JOY, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 TREACLE, Melasses, Theriaca — t. English, 
 Teucrium chamsedrys — t. Venice, Theriaca. 
 
 TREAD, Cieatricula— t. of the Cock, Molecule. 
 
 TREE, ELK, Andromeda arborea — t. of Life, 
 Thuya occidentalis — t. Sour, Andromeda arborea. 
 
 TREFLE D'EAU, Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 TREFOIL, Ilepatica triloba — t. Bean, stink- 
 ing, Anagyris — t. Marsh, Menyanthes verna — t. 
 Sour, Oxalis acetosella — t. Shrubby, Ptelea tri- 
 foliata — t. Water, Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 TREMA, Foramen. 
 
 TREMBLEMENT, Tremor — *. Mitallique, 
 see Tremor. 
 
 TREMBLES, Milk-sickness. 
 
 TREMBLING, Tremor. 
 
 TREMELLA AURICULA, Peziza auricula. 
 
 TREMOR, Trepida'tio, Syn' clonus Tremor, 
 Tromo-spasmus, Tromus, Trembling, (F.) Trem- 
 hlement, from iremere, 'to tremble.' Involuntary 
 agitation of the body, or of some part of it, with- 
 out any obstacle to voluntary motion. It de- 
 pends, generally, upon debility of the muscular, 
 or of the nervous system; and, hence, is ob- 
 eerved in convalescence, and in typhoid affec- 
 
 tions. It occurs, also, in old people ; in hard 
 drinkers; workers in mercury, lead, <to. : in the 
 last case, it is called by the French, Tremhlement 
 metaUique, Tremor metal'licus. Tremor seems to 
 resemble paralysis more than convulsion. See 
 Paralysis agitans and Pavitatio. 
 
 Tremor Cordis, Hippus, Palpitation — t. Me- 
 tallicus, see Tremor — t. Purring, Fremissement 
 cataire. 
 
 TREPAN, Trep'annm, Terebel'la, Trip'anon, 
 Pereter'ium, Peretor'ium, Serra versat'ilis, OhcBu'- 
 icis, Choenic'ion, Ter'ebra, Ter'etron, Tere'trium,- 
 Vertib'idnm, Try'panon, (F.) Trepan, from rpvnad), 
 ' I perforate.' A surgical instrument resembling 
 a wimble, and worked in the same manner. It 
 is used for removing portions of bone, and par- 
 ticularly of the bones of the skull. The term 
 trepan is given more particularly to the part of 
 the instrument that makes the perforation. The 
 handle is so constructed as to receive different 
 bits, as the Crown, the Trepan perforatif or Pe- 
 rite'rion, the T. exfoliatif or Desquamato'rium 
 trep'anum, and the T. abaptis'ta. 
 
 In Great Britain and the United States, this 
 instrument has been superseded by the trephine, 
 which is more manageable. 
 
 TREPANATIO, Trepanning. 
 
 TREPANATION, Trepanning. 
 
 TREPAN'NING, Terebra'tio, Anatre'sis, Ce- 
 pihuloiripe' sis, Trepana'tio, Trype'sis, Tresis, Pri- 
 sis, Prismus, Fora'tio, (F.) Trepanation. Same 
 etymon as Trepan. The methodical application 
 of the trepan. 
 
 TREPANON, Trepan. 
 
 TREPANUM, Trepan. 
 
 TREPHINE. The instrument which has re- 
 placed the trepan in some countries. It consists 
 of a simple, cylindrical saw; with a handle placed 
 transversely like that of a gimlet, and from the 
 centre of the circle, described by the teeth of the 
 saw, a sharp little perforator projects, called the 
 Centre-pin. The centre-pin is capable of being 
 removed, at the surgeon's option, by means of a 
 key for the purpose. It is used to fix the instru- 
 ment until the teeth of the saw have made a cir- 
 cular groove, sufficiently deep for it to work 
 steadily. The pin must then be removed. Some- 
 times the pin is made to slide up and down, and 
 to be fixed in any position, by means of a screw. 
 
 TREPHOUSA, Nurse. 
 
 TREPIDATIO, Tremor— t. Cordis, Cardiotro- 
 mus. 
 
 TREPON'DO. A weight of three pounds.— 
 Scribonius. 
 
 TRE'SIS, rprja-ts, from rpcw, '1 bore.' Properly, 
 a perforation. A wound. A forcible solution of 
 continuity in a soft part, commencing externally. 
 A genus in the nosology of Good. 
 
 Tresis, Trepanning, Wound — t. Causis, Burn 
 — t. Punctura, Puncture — t. Vulnus, Wound — 
 t. Vulnus laceratum, see Laceration — t. Vulnus 
 simplex. Cut. 
 
 TRESSAILLE3IENT, Shuddering. 
 
 TRESSO'RIA, Episi'on, c-aicruov. A term for- 
 merly applied to the hair covering the mons ve-, 
 neris, the absence of which has, by the vulgar, 
 been esteemed a matter of reproach. 
 
 TRI, rpi, in composition, ' three.' Hence : 
 
 TRIANGLE MEBULLAIRE, Fornix. 
 
 TRIANGLE, VESICAL, see Urinary Bladdei. 
 
 TRIAN'GULAR, Trigo'nos, Triangula' ria, 
 from tris, for tres, 'three,' and angulus, 'an angle.' 
 That which has three angles. 
 
 Triangular Ligament or Infra-pubian is a 
 ligamentous fascia with short fibres, situate trans- 
 versely beneath the symphysis pubis, nhich it 
 strengthens. 
 
TRIANGULAEIS 
 
 870 
 
 TRICIIOPHYIA 
 
 TRIAISTGULARIS, Depressor anguli oris — t. 
 Coccygis, Coccygeus — t. Nasi, Compressor naris. 
 
 Triangula' Eis Steeni, Stemo - costal (Ch.,) 
 Pectora' lis inter'nus. A muscle situate at the an- 
 terior and inner part of the chest, behind the car- 
 tilages of the ribs. It has the shape of a length- 
 ened triangle, the base of which is directed down- 
 wards. It is attached to the posterior, lateral, 
 and inferior part of the sternum, whence its fibres 
 pass upwards and outwards, and terminate by as 
 many distinct digitations at the cartilages of the 
 3d, ith, 5th, and 6th true ribs. This muscle de- 
 presses the ribs and contributes to expiration. 
 
 TKIBAS, (F.) Tribade, from TpilSw, 'I rub.' 
 Frictrix, Frica' trix, Futu'tor, Mas'cula, Snhagi- 
 ta'trix, Suhiga'tor. A female whose clitoris is so 
 large as to cause her to be regarded as an herma- 
 phrodite. One who acts as a male with another 
 female. 
 
 TRIBULI AQUATICI, see Trapa natans. 
 
 TRIBUTUM LUNARE, Menses — t. Men- 
 struum, Menses. 
 
 TRIC^, Plica^t. Incuborum, Plica— t. Scro- 
 forum, Plica. 
 
 TRICAGO, Teucrium chamasdrys. 
 
 TRICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris. 
 
 TRICEPS, from tris for tres, 'three,' and caput, 
 ' head.' A name given to muscles that have three 
 fleshy bundles at one of their extremities. 
 
 Triceps Adduc'tor Fem'oris. Under this 
 appellation are comprehended three distinct mus- 
 cles ; Adductor brevis, A. longus, and A. w.agnus. 
 
 Triceps Atjris, Retrahens auris — t. Brachialis, 
 Triceps extensor cubiti. 
 
 Triceps Cruris, Femora'Us, (F.) Trifemoro- 
 roiuUen (Ch.,) Crural, Trifemoro-tibi -rotulien, 
 Trieejjs crural, T. de la cicisse, is situate at the 
 anterior, inner, and outer part of the thigh. It 
 is formed of three bundles at its superior extre- 
 mity, viz. 1. A middle fasciculus (the crura'lis of 
 most anatomists.) 2. An external fasciculus (the 
 vastus e.rfermis) and 3. An inner fasciculus (the 
 vastus hiternus.) It is attached, above, to the 
 anterior, inner, and outer surfaces of the femur, 
 and to the two edges of the linea aspera, from 
 the base of the trochanter to within four fingers' 
 breadth of the knee. Below, it terminates by a 
 large tendon, which is attached to the base and 
 edges of the patella, as well as to the inner and 
 outer tuberosities of the tibia. The triceps ex- 
 tends the leg on the thigh, and conversely. 
 
 TRICEPS DE LA CUISSE, Triceps cruris— 
 t. Crural, Triceps cruris. 
 
 Triceps E:iTEN'sOR Cu'biti, Triceps hrachia'- 
 lis, (F.) Scapulo-humero-olecranien (Ch.), Triceps 
 brachial. This muscle, which occupies all the 
 posterior part of the os humeri, is described as 
 two muscles by Douglas, and as three by Wins- 
 low. It arises by three heads. The first or long 
 head, — long Jiead of the biceps externus of Doug- 
 las, Anconeus major of Winslow, — arises from the 
 anterior extremity of the inferior costa of the 
 scapula, near its neck, and below the origin of 
 the teres minor The second head, or short head 
 of the biceps externus of Douglas, Anconeus exter- 
 nus of Winslow, arises from the upper and outer 
 part of the os humeri, at the base of the great 
 tuberosity; and the third head, — Brachialis ex- 
 ternus of Douglas, Anconeus internus of Winslow, 
 — the shortest of the three, arises from the back 
 part of the os humeri, behind the flat tendon of 
 the latissimus dorsi. These three portions unite 
 about the middle of the arm, so as to form one 
 ihick and powerful muscle, which is inserted at 
 the upper part of the olecranon. It extends the 
 forearm on the arm, and conversely. 
 
 TaiCEPS Magnus, Adductor magnus — t. Minor, 
 
 Adductor longus femoris — t. Secundus, Adductor 
 brevis. 
 
 TRICH/E INCUBORUM, Plica. 
 
 TRICHANGIECTA'SIA, Angidiecta'sia, Tri- 
 chocirsus, from -S-fnl, Tpi')(os, 'a hair,' ayyfiov, 'a 
 vessel,' and tKracis, 'dilatation.' Morbid dilata- 
 tion of the capillary vessels. 
 
 TRICHAUX'E; from ^pi^, rpixoi, 'hair,' and 
 avi,rj, 'increase.' Increase in the quantity and 
 size of the hair, without change of texture. 
 
 TRICHERA ARVENSIS, Scabiosa. 
 
 TRICHIA, Entropion. 
 
 TRICHI'ASIS, Trichio'sis, Tricho'sis, from 
 &/)i|^, Tp(;^os, 'hair.' Morbus pila'ris. This name 
 has been given to several aflections. 1. To a dis- 
 ease of the kidneys or bladder, in which filament- 
 ous substances, resembling hairs, arc passed in 
 the urine. This is also called Pilimic'tio, It 
 must be regarded as a variety of Catar'rhvs 
 vesi'cce. 2. To a painful swelling of the breasts, 
 in child-bed women, when the milk is excreted 
 with difficulty: — a disease attributed, by Aris- 
 totle, to a hair swallowed by accident and carried 
 to the breasts through the circulation ; and 3dly, 
 To inversion of the eye-lashes. See Entropion. 
 
 TRICHIASIS LACTEA, Infarctus mammae 
 lacteus. 
 
 TRICHILTA, Cathartics. 
 
 TRICHI'NA SPIRA'LIS. Same etymon. A 
 small species of entozoa discovered in the muscles 
 of voluntary motion. Trichinae consist of very 
 minute cysts, of an oblong figure, having consi- 
 derable resemblance, in size and colour, to young 
 pediculi, and are somewhat allied to the eels 
 found in paste and vinegar. No symptoms have 
 as yet been observed to be pathognomonic of their 
 presence. 
 
 TRICHIOSIS, Trichiasis — t. Distrix, DIstrix. 
 
 TRICHIS'MUS. Same etymon. Capilla'tio, 
 Fissu'ra pila'ris. A capillary fracture, fissure, 
 or crack. 
 
 TRICHIURIA, Trichocephalus. 
 
 TRICHOCEPH'ALUS, Trichoceph' alus dis- 
 par : from Spt^, rpixoS; 'a hair,' and KS(l>aXn, 
 'head.' TricJiti'ris, Trichur is vulgaris, Triclinris 
 intestina'lis, As'curis trichu'ria, Trichiu'ria, Tri- 
 chocephalus hom'inis, 3fastigo'des hominis. Long 
 thread-ioorm. A worm, from an inch and a half 
 to two inches long; the head acute; the body 
 spirally involuted in the male, almost straight in 
 the female. The trichocejjhalus dispar generally 
 inhabits the ctecum and colon, and is rarely met 
 with in the small intestines. It gives rise to no 
 peculiar symptoms, and requii-es the usual an- 
 thelmintic treatment. 
 
 TRICHOCIRSUS, Trichnngiectasia. 
 
 TRICHOLABIS, Madisterium. 
 
 TRICHOLABIUM, Madisterium. 
 
 TRICHOLOGIA, Carphologia. 
 
 TRICHOMA, Capillamentum, Plica. 
 
 TRICHOMANES, Asplenium trichomanoides 
 — t. Crenata, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
 
 TRICHOMATION, Capillamentum. 
 
 TRICHOMATOSE HAIR, Plica. 
 
 TRICHOM'ONAS, Trichom'onad ,- from 0/)i|, 
 rpixoSy 'a hair,' and jxovag, /tofuiog, 'unity.' An 
 animalcule found by by M. DonnS in the mucus 
 of the vagina, where cleanliness has not been at- 
 tended to, and to which he has given the name 
 Trirhom'onas vagina' lis. By some it is considered 
 to be nothing more than separated ciliated epi- 
 thelium from the uterus. 
 
 TRICHON'OSUS, from -Vs^. ^P'X"'^' 'liair,' and 
 vocoi, 'disease.' A disease of the hair. 
 
 TKICHOPHY'IA, Trichophi/t'ica, from Spi^ 
 
TRICHOPHYTON 
 
 871 
 
 TRISMUS 
 
 tpixoi, 'liair,' and (pvciv, 'to grow. E.emedies 
 that promote the growth of the hair. 
 
 TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS, see Porrigo 
 deoalvans. 
 
 TRICHOSCHISIS, Schizatrichia. 
 
 TRICHO'SIS, Pila're malum; from Spif, rpt- 
 Xo?, ' hail".' Morbid organization or deficiency 
 of hair. A genus in the system of Good. 
 
 Trichosis, Entropion, Trichiasis — t. Area, 
 Porrigo decalvans — t. Athrix, Alopecia — t. Dis- 
 trix, Distrix — t. Furfuracea, Porrigo furfurans — 
 t. Hirsuties, Hirsuties — t. Plica, Plica — t. Polio- 
 sis, Poliosis — t. Setosa, Hystriciasis. 
 
 TRICHOTON, Scalp. 
 
 TRICHURIS, Trichocephalus. 
 
 TRICLISPERMA GRANDIFLORA, Polygala 
 paucifolia. 
 
 TRICUS'PID, Tnciis'pis, Tricuspida'lis, Tri- 
 cuspida'tus, from tris for tres, ' three,' and cuspis, 
 'a point.' That which has three points. 
 
 Tricuspid Valtes, VcU'vuIcb Ti-icus'pides seu 
 tric/Jo' chines seu trisul'ccB, are three triangular, 
 valvular duplicatures, formed by the inner mem- 
 lirane of the right cavities of the heart, around 
 the orifice by which the auricle communicates 
 with the ventricle. The elongated and pointed 
 top of each of these valves is continuous with the 
 chordae tendinefe, which set out from the columnifi 
 carnes3 of the heart. These valves are depressed 
 to allow the blood to flow from the auricle into 
 the ventricle ; and are raised to prevent its reflux 
 into the auricle. 
 
 TRIENS, Un'cim qua'tuor. The third part of 
 a pound. Four ounces, Troy. — Galen. 
 
 TRIFACIAL, Trigemini. 
 
 TRIFE3I0R0-R0TULTEN, Triceps cruris— 
 t. Tibi-rotidien, Triceps cruris. 
 
 TRIFOLIUM ACETOSUM, Oxalis acetosella 
 
 — t. Aquaticum, Menyanthes trifoliata — t. Au- 
 reum, Hepatica triloba — t. Cervinum, Eupatorium 
 cannabinum — t. Fibrinum, Menyanthes trifoliata 
 — t. Hepaticum, Hepatica triloba. 
 
 Tripo'lium Melilo'tds Ofpicina'lis, T. offie"- 
 ina'le, MeJilu'tus cit'rina, Melilotus, Lotus sylves'- 
 tris, Ser'tula Compa'na, Trifo'liuni cahalli'niivi, 
 Coro'na regia, Trifolium odora' turn, Common 
 mel'ilot, (F.) ilelilot. Family, Leguminosee. 
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The infusion 
 or distilled water of this plant has been employed 
 in cases of ophthalmia. It has also been used in 
 fomentations, glj'sters, &c. 
 
 TRiFOLiUiAi Officinale, T. melilotus officinalis 
 
 — t. Paludosum, Menyanthes trifoliata — t. Pa- 
 lustre, Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 TRIGAS'TRIC, Trigas'tricus, Triven'ter; from 
 rpui, 'three,' and yaarnp, 'belly.' That which 
 has three bellies. An epithet for muscles so cir- 
 cumstanced. 
 
 TRIGEM'INI, Tergem'im, from tris, 'three,' 
 and gem'inus, 'double;' 'threefold,' 'triplets.' 
 The fifth pair of nerves, Par trigem' iniim, Nervi 
 divi'si, A^. gustato'rii, Nervtis quintus, Par quin- 
 tnm nervorum cerehra'lium, N. tremellus, N. mix- 
 tus, A^. sympathet' icus me'dius, A^. sympath'iciis 
 medius, N. anon'ymus, N. innomina'tus. Par trium 
 funic'ido'rum, Trifa'cial, (F.) Nerf gustatif inno- 
 winf, Nerf & trois cordes, Nerf trijumeaii. This 
 Dcrve arises below the tuber annulare by one 
 large posterior root from the corpora restiformia, 
 and by two small anterior roots from the corpora 
 olivaria, whence, i>roceeding forwards to the side 
 of the sella Turcica, the filaments composing the 
 large root form a ganglion — the Gasserian. 
 Emerging from this ganglion, the filaments, of 
 which the large root consists, form, with those 
 constituting the small roots, and which had not 
 
 passed through the ganglion, two flattened trunks, 
 each of which is soon divided into three branches, 
 in such a manner, however, that the first, or oph- 
 thalmic branch, and the second or itpper maxil- 
 lary, are composed exclusively of the filaments 
 that arose from the corpora restiformia and passed 
 through the Gasserian ganglion ; whilst the third 
 or lower maxillary branch is composed in part of 
 those filaments, and in part of those that arose 
 from the corpora olivaria, and passed on one side 
 of the ganglion without going through it. The 
 whole, therefore, of the first and second branches, 
 and a part of the third are sensiferous nerves, 
 whilst the remaining part of the third — the man'- 
 dncatory or mas'ticatory — is wholly motiferous, 
 and passes to the pterygoid and other muscles 
 concerned in mastication. 
 
 TRIGONE CEREBRAL, Fornix—*. VSsical, 
 see Urinary Bladder. 
 
 TRIGONEL'LA F(ENUM, T. Fa-'num Gra'- 
 cnm, Fen'ugreelc, Foe'nugreeJc, Fcenum Gra'cum, 
 Bu'ceras, B. Fcenum Gra'cum, Carphos, jEgoc"- 
 eras, (F.) Fenugrec. Family, Leguminosa;. Sex. 
 Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. A native of the 
 south of France. The seeds have a strong, dis- 
 agreeable smell, and an unctuous, farinaceous 
 taste ; accompanied by a slight bitterness. They 
 are chieflv used in poultices. 
 
 TRIGONOS, Triangular. 
 
 TRIGONUS VESICA, see Urinary bladder— 
 t. Lieutaudi, see Urinary bladder, 
 
 TRTJUMEA UX, Trigemini. 
 
 TRIL'LIUM LATIFO'LIUM, Broadleaf 
 Bethroot, Bethroot, Rattlesnake root, Wakerobinf 
 Coughroot, Indian Balm, Ground Lily, Jeios' Harp, 
 Indian Shamrock, Pariswort, Truelove. Sex- 
 Syst. Hexandria Trigynia. A plant peculiar to 
 North America, which blossoms in the spring. 
 The root is astringent. 
 
 There are many species of Trillium, all of which 
 possess the same properties. 
 
 TRIOCEPHALIA, Aprosopia. 
 
 TRIOR'CHIS, from rpaj, 'three,' and opxis, 
 ' a testicle.' One who has three testicles. 
 
 TRIOSTEOSPERMUM, Triosteum. 
 
 TRIOS'TEUM, T. Perfolia'tum seu majus, Tri- 
 osteosper'mum. Bastard Ipecacuan'ha, Fever Roof, 
 Fevericort, Tinker's iceed, Horse ginseng, Ipecac., 
 Wild Coffee, White ginseng, Gen'tian, White Gen- 
 tian, Sweet Bitter. In very large doses, the bark 
 of the root proves emetic. It is a good cathartic, 
 in doses of twenty or thirty grains. It sometimes 
 operates as a diuretic. 
 
 TRIPE BE ROCHE. Difi"erent lichens of the 
 species Gyrophora, inhabiting the arctic regions 
 of America, bear this name. , They are eaten as 
 food by the hunters. 
 
 TRIPHAR'MACUM, rpi<pappiaKov. A medicine 
 composed of three ingredients. 
 
 TRIPLET, from triplex, ' triple.' One of threR 
 children born at the same accouchement or ges- 
 tation. Also, relating to triplets — as a ^triplet 
 conception.' 
 
 Triplet Monsters, Monstra trip'lica seu tri- 
 gem'ina, are such as have parts of the body tripled. 
 They are rare. 
 
 TRIPSIS, Contusio, Trituration. 
 
 TRIPUDIATIO SPASTICA, Chorea. 
 
 TRIQUETRUM, (OS,) Cuneiform (bone.) 
 
 TRISIS, Brygmus. 
 
 TRISMUS, from Tpifu, 'I gnash.' Enta'iU 
 Trismus, Capis'trum, Tonos Trismus, Locked Jaw, 
 Spasmus seu Rigor seu Tet'anus maxill'cB infe- 
 rio'ris, Gnathosjms'nnis, Stomatospas'mus, (F.) 
 3Ial de Ilachoire. Spastic closure of the under 
 jaw; a partial tetanus. Culleu wakes two T»- 
 
TRISPERMUM 
 
 872 
 
 TROCHANTINIAK 
 
 rieties — T. nascen'tium, T. neonafo'nim, Nhieday 
 Jits, (F.) Sarrete, attacking infants during two 
 weeks from birth; and T. traumaticus, originating 
 from a wound. 
 
 Trismus Capistratus, Bredissure — t. Catarrh- 
 alis maxillaris, Neuralgia maxillaris — t. Clonicus, 
 Neuralgia faciei — t. Cynicus, see Canine laugh — 
 t. Diastrophe Sauvagesii, Paralysis, Bell's — t. 
 Dolorificus, Neuralgia faciei — t. Maxillaris, Neu- 
 ralgia faciei — t. Nascentium, see Trismus — t. 
 Neonatorum^ see Trismus — t. Sardonicus, Risus 
 sardonicus. 
 
 TRISPER'MUM, from rp^g, 'three,' and <777fp- 
 fta, 'a grain or seed.' A cataplasm, consisting 
 of three seeds, — cumin, lay, and fsmallage. Gor- 
 roeus. 
 
 TRISPLANCHIA, Cholera. 
 
 TRISPLANCH'NIC, Tri82Dlanch'mcus ; from 
 rp'ug, 'three,' and <jT:\ayxvov, 'viscus.' That which 
 relates to three orders of viscera. 
 
 TniSPLANCHNic Nekve, Great sympatliet'ic, In- 
 tereos'tal, Ganglion'io nerve, Nerve of orgnn'ic 
 life, Ver'tehral nerve; — named by Bichat the 
 organic nervous system, in opposition to the other 
 nervous parts, called the animal nervous system. 
 Gall terms it, the nervous system of the automat'ic 
 functions. It has also been called the organic 
 nervous system., and ganglionic nervous system. It 
 is called IVisplanchnie, because it distributes its 
 branches to the organs in the three great splanch- 
 nic cavities — the head, chest and abdomen. It 
 is composed of a series of ganglia, united by in- 
 termediate branches, and passing along the side 
 of the spine to the lowest part of the trunk; 
 communicating, by a branch, with each of the 
 thirty pairs of spinal nerves and several of the 
 cerebral nerves ; and detaching nerves from its 
 several ganglia, which accompany the arteries, 
 and are distributed, particularly, to the organs 
 of involuntary functions. At its upper part, it is 
 concealed in the canalis caroticus and cavernous 
 sinus, and is joined there by a branch of the 6th 
 pair of nerves, and by a twig from the Vidian 
 nerve of the 5th pair. In passing down by the 
 side of the spine, it forms three ganglia in the 
 neck: — the superior, middle, (thyroid ganglion,) 
 and inferior, (ver'tehral ganglion); 12 in the back 
 — the thoracic; 5 in the loins — the lumbar; and 
 three or four sacral. When it reaches the coccyx 
 it unites with its fellow from the opposite side, 
 forming a small ganglion — the coccygeal, Gan'- 
 glion impar, az'ygous gan'glion, Meckel divides 
 it into two portions — 1. The central ganglions or 
 central part, composed of the numerous gangli- 
 onic plexuses in the abdomen; the centre of which 
 is the semilunar and solar plexuses. 2. The ex- 
 ternal ganglions, Limitrophes or external part, 
 which comprise the series of ganglions situate at 
 the sides of the spine, from the base of the cra- 
 nium to the sacrum. The great sympathetic 
 seems to form a distinct nervous system, destined 
 for the organs of involuntary motion ; for although 
 communicating with both brain and spinal mar- 
 row, it does not seem to be immediately under 
 the influence of either. 
 
 TRISPLANCHNITIS, Cholera, (spasmodic.) 
 
 TRISSAGO, Teucrium chamsedrys — t. Palus- 
 tris, Teucrium scordium. 
 
 TRISTEMANIA, Melaneholj-. 
 
 TRISTERN'AL. Beclard has given this name 
 to the third bony portion of the sternum ; — that 
 which corresponds to the third intercostal space. 
 
 TRISTITIA, Athvmia, Mceror. 
 
 TRITiEOPHYA AMERICANA, Fever, yel- 
 low. 
 
 TRIT^OPH'YES. Tritceoph'ya, from rpirmog, 
 'tertian,' and ipvw, 'I originate.' A fever, whose 
 tvpe approaches the tertian. Sauvages gave the 
 
 name Tritaeophya Vratislavien'sis, to an epidemic, 
 which broke out in the Prussian army at Breslaw, 
 in the middle of the last century. » 
 
 TRITiEUS, Tertian fever. 
 
 TRIT'ICUM iESTI'VUM, T. cerea'le seu Ce- 
 vallos seu compac'tum seu erina'ceum seu Gaerl 
 neria'num seu Linncea'nuni sevi pruino'suw, ' Sum- 
 mer wheat;' and Trit'icum Hybern'um sen glau- 
 cum seu Ilu'ticum seu Sic'ulum, Winter loheat, (F.) 
 Froment. Family, Gramineae. Sex. Syst. Tri- 
 andria Digynia. From these plants ourwheaten 
 flour is obtained, by grinding the seeds — Wheat, 
 Pyrus, Frumen' turn — and to them we are indebted 
 for our bread and pastry. The nutritive proper- 
 ties of wheaten flour are so well known as not 
 to need comment. 
 
 Bread, (F.) Pain, mixed with milk, constitutes 
 the ordinary emollient poultice; — and the crumbs 
 of bread, Micm panis, are a common excipient 
 for pills and boluses. 
 
 Triticum Arvense, T. repens — t. Cereale, T. 
 aestivum — t. Cevallos, T. testivum — t. Com- 
 pactum, T. sestivum — t. Faginum, Polygonum 
 fagopyrum — t. Gaertnerianum, T. asstivum — t. 
 Glaucum, T. hybernum, and T. repens — t. Hyber- 
 num, see T. sestivum — t. Muticum, T. hybernum 
 — t. Linnaeanum, T. eestivum — t. Pruinosum, T. 
 sestivum. 
 
 Trit'icum Repens, T. arven'se seu glaucum, 
 Agrnp'yrum Imvis' simum, Bromus glaber, Gra^nen 
 cani'num, Gramen dioscor'idis, G. repens, Lolia'- 
 ceum radi'ce repen'te. Bog- grass. Couch-grass, 
 Quickens, (F.) Chiendent. The roots are sweet, 
 and possess aperient properties. They are said, 
 also, to be diuretic. 
 
 Triticum Siculum, T. hybernum. 
 
 TRITIO, Contritio, Trituration. 
 
 TRITON PALUSTRIS, see Ectozoa. 
 
 TRITURA, Contritio. 
 
 TRITURA'TION, Tritura'tio,_ Tritu'ra, Tritus, 
 Tri'tio, Tri2}sis, from terere, tritum, ' to bruise.' 
 The act of reducing a substance to powder. 
 
 Trituration, Contritio. 
 
 TRITUS, Contritio, Trituration. 
 
 TRIVELIN, see Liver. 
 
 TRIVENTER, Trigastric. 
 
 TROCAR, Trochar, Acus paracent'ica sen 2hi~ 
 racentet'ica, A. triq'uetra vidga'ris, Paracenti'- 
 cion, Paracentcte'rion. Corrupted from the (F.) 
 Troisquarts or Trocart, 'three quarters;' so called 
 from the triangular shape of the point — Triq'uet- 
 rum. An instrument used for evacuating fluids 
 from cavities, particularly in ascites, hydrocele, 
 &c. A trocar consists of a perforator or stylet 
 and a cannula, which is so adapted to the per- 
 forator, that, when the pcacture is made, both 
 enter the wound with facility; after which, the 
 stylet being withdrawn, the cannula remains in 
 the wound and affords the fluid a ready passage 
 outwards. 
 
 TROCART, Trocar. 
 
 TROCH, Troehiscos. 
 
 TROCHAN'TBR, Trol-anter, Rota'tor, from 
 rpo^aw, 'I turn.' Anatomists have given the 
 names great and little trochanter to two processes 
 at the upper extremity of the femur. The great 
 trochan'ter, glutus, is the one on the outside ; the 
 less is lower down and more internally. Both 
 afford attachment to rotator muscles of the thigh, 
 and hence their name. Chaussier, by th'' v-ord 
 trochanter, means the larger proceaa, the smaller 
 he calls trochanfin. 
 
 TROCHANTER'IAN, Trochcjderia'nus, Tro. 
 kanter'ian. That which belorgt or relates to tbo 
 great trochanter. — Chaussier- 
 
 TROCHANTIN'IAN, Trolrantin'ian, Trochan^ 
 tinia'nus. That which belongs or relates to thf 
 trochautin or lesser trochanter. 
 
TROCHAR 
 
 873 
 
 TROMOPARANCEA 
 
 TROCHAR, Trocar. 
 
 TROCHES OF CARBONATE OF LIME, 
 Trochisci carbonatis calcis — t. of Chalk, Tro- 
 chisoi carbonatis calcis — t. Escharotic, Trochisci 
 escharotici — t. Gum, Trochisci gummosi — t. of 
 Ipecacuanha, Trochisci ipecaeuanhse — t. Liquo- 
 rice, Trochisci glycyrrhizee — t. Liquorice, with 
 opium, Trochisci glj^cyrrhizaD cum opio — t. of 
 Magnesia., Trochisci magnesipe — t. Nitre, Tro- 
 chisci nitratis potassse — t. of Peppermint, Tro- 
 chisci menthaj piperitse. 
 
 TROCHIA, Orbit. 
 
 TROCHILIA, Trochlea. 
 
 TROCHIjST, from rpoxsi-v, 'to turn.' Chaussier 
 has given this name to the smaller of the tubero- 
 sities at the upper extremity of the os humeri ; 
 because it gives attachment to one of the rotator 
 muscles of the arm, — the subscapularis. 
 
 TROCHIN'IAN, TrocMnia'nus. That which 
 belongs or relates to the trochin. 
 
 TROCHIS'CUS, PJitJwis, Artis'cus, ColUx, Co- 
 Ux, PhtJiois'eon, Rot'ula, CijcUs'mos, diminutive 
 of rpo^o?, 'a ■wheel.' A troch, or round table, (F.) 
 Trochisque. See Pastil, and Tabella. A solid 
 medicine, prepared of powders, incorporated by 
 means of mucilage, crumb of bread, juices of 
 plants, &o. In French nomenclature, the tro- 
 cMsqne differs from the tahlette, — the former con- 
 taining no sugar. This form of preparation is 
 adapted for the purpose of allowing the medicines 
 of which the troch is composed to dissolve slowly 
 in the mouth, and to pass gradually into the 
 Etomach. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has two formulee for troches 
 for external use. 
 
 Trochisci Bechici Njgri, T. glycyrrhizse 
 glabrse. 
 
 Trochisci Carbojta'tis Calcis, Troches of 
 Gar'honate of lime, T. of chalk, Tabellce ad ardo'- 
 rem ventric'uli, Lozenrjes for the hearthurn, Ta- 
 hel'loB cardial' giccB, T. ad sodam, Trochis'ci e 
 cretd, T. cretcB (Ph. U. S.) {Cret. ppt. §iv; 
 acacim, in pulv. gj ; wyrist. in pulv. ^j ; sacch. 
 in pulv. §vj. M. Form into troches with water.) 
 Antacid and absorbent. 
 
 Trochisci e Crbta, Tr. carbonatis calcis — t. 
 Cretse, T. carbonatis calcis. 
 
 Trochisci vel Pastil'li Emeti'n^ Pectora'- 
 LES, Pectoral Lozenges of Em' etine. [Sugar, ^iv; 
 emetijie, 32 grains. Form into lozenges of nine 
 grains each.) One is a dose. 
 
 Trochisci Escharot'ici, Escharot'ie Troches. 
 (Ilydrarrf. oxi/mur. p. 8; amyli, p. 16; mucilag. 
 y. tragac. q. s. Make into troches, to which a 
 few drops of laudanum may be added. — Ph. P.) 
 Used in foul ulcers, to remove excrescences, ifcc. 
 
 Trochisci Escharot'ici de Min'io. [Oxyd. 
 •plumhi. rubr. p. 16; hydrarg. oxym^ir. p. 32 ,• mic. 
 panis, p. 128; aq. roscB, q. s. — Ph. P.) Used 
 like the last. 
 
 Trochisci Glycyrri'z^ Glabra, Liq'uorice 
 troches, Black pectoral lozenges, Trochis'ci bech'ici 
 nigri. [Ext. glyc. glabr., gum. acac. aa p. j ; sacch. 
 purif p. ij. Dissolve in warm water; strain; 
 evaporate, and form into troches. — Ph. E.) De- 
 mulcent. To allay cough. 
 
 Trochisci Glycyrrhi'z^ cuji O'pio, T. G. et 
 opii (Ph. U. S.), Trochisci Theba'ici, T. sedati'- 
 vo-balsam'ici, T. pectora' les regis Dano' rum, Li- 
 quorice Troches with Opium, Wistar'a Lozenges. 
 I Opii, in pulv. ^ss; ext. glycyrrhiz. in pulv., 
 sacchar. in pulv., acacicB, in pulv., aa §x; ol. 
 anisi, f^j. Make into troches. — Ph. U. S.) De- 
 mulcent and anodyne. 
 
 Spitta's Lozenges for coryza, hoarseness, and 
 Bore-throat, are composed as follows: — (Cubeb, 
 rece7it. in pulv. ^ij ; extract, glycyrrhiz. §j ; myr- 
 
 oxyl. 5J j acaeicB, ,^iv; syrup, q. s. ut fiant tro- 
 chisci gr. X singulis. 
 
 Trochisci Ghmmo'si, Gum Troches. (G. acac. 
 p. v ; amyli, p. i ; sacch. pur. p. xij. Make up 
 the troches with rose-water. — Ph. E.) De- 
 mulcent. 
 
 Trochib'ci IPECACUAN'HiE, Troches of Ipeca- 
 cuanha. {Ipecacuanh. in pulv. 5ss ; sacchar. in 
 pulv. §xiv; marantcB, in pulv. §iv; mveilag. 
 tragacanth. q. s. Make into troches. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Trochisci Magne'si^e, Troches of Magne'sia. 
 {Magnes. ^iv; sacchar. lb j ; myrist. pulv. 3J ; 
 mucilag. tragacanth. q. s. Make into troches. — ■ 
 Ph. U. S.) IJseful in acidity of the stomach, with 
 constipation. 
 
 Trochisci Menth^e Piperi't^, Troches of Pep- 
 permint. (01. menth. piperit. f ^j > sacchar. in 
 pulv. fi)j ; mucilag. tragacanthas, q. s. Make into 
 troches. — Ph. U. S.) Used as a carminative. 
 
 Trochisci Nitra'tis Potas's.e, Nitre Troches. 
 (Nitrat. potasscB, p. j ; sacch. 2^u^- P- iij- Make 
 into troches with mucilage of tragacanth. — Ph. 
 E.) In slight inflammatory sore-throat and fever. 
 
 Trochisci Pectorales Regis Danoruji, Tr. 
 glycyrrhizae cum opio — t. Sedativo-balsamica, 
 Tr. glycyrrhiza3 cum opio. 
 
 Trochis'ci SoDyE Bicarbona'tis, Troches of 
 Bicar'bonate af Soda. (Sodcs bicarb. §iv; sac- 
 char. in pulv. Ibj ; mucilag. tragacanth. q. s. To 
 be made into a mass, and divided into troches, 
 each weighing ten grains. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 The Pastilles de Vichy, Pastilles digestives 
 d'Hauterive- Vichy, Pastil'li digesti'vi Darcet'ii, 
 composed of bicarbonate of soda, oil of per- 
 permint, and sugar, are much used in France, 
 like the Vichy waters, in cardalgia, gout, and 
 lithiasis. 
 
 Trochisci Stibiati, TabellaB antimoniales 
 Kunckelii — t. Thebaici, T. glycyrrhizse cum 
 opio. 
 
 TROCHISQUE, Trochiscos. 
 
 TROCH'ITER, from Tfiox""' '*» t"™-' The 
 larger of the two tuberosities at the upper extre- 
 mity of the OS humeri ; so called because it affords 
 insertion to rotator muscles. — Chaussier. 
 
 TROCHITER'IAN, in the language of Chaus- 
 sier, means any thing belonging or relating to 
 the trochiter. 
 
 TROCH'LEA, Trochil'ia, (F.) TrochUe ou 
 TroJdee. A pulley ; from r/jo^aw, ' I turn,' — for 
 example, the articular surface at the lower extre- 
 mity of the OS humeri ; so called from its forming 
 a kind of pulley on which the ulna moves, in 
 flexion and extension of the forearm. Also, tho 
 cartilaginous pulley over which the tendon of the 
 trochlearis muscle passes, at the upper and inner 
 part of the orbit. 
 
 Trochlea Labyrinth!, Cochlea. 
 
 TROCHLEARIS, Obliquus superior oeuli. 
 
 TROCHLEATEUR, GRAND, Obliquus su- 
 perior oculi — t. Petit, Obliquus superior oculi. 
 
 TROOHLEE, Trochlea. 
 
 TRO'CHOID, from rpoxoi, 'awheel,' and ei^os, 
 ' resemblance.' Trocho'i'des, Ax'ea commissu'ra. 
 An articulation, in which one bone turns upon 
 another, like a wheel upon its axle ; as the Atlo- 
 'ido-axoid articidation. 
 
 TROCHOIDES, Axea commissura. 
 
 TROENE, Ligustrum vulgare. 
 
 TRO IS QUARTS, Trocar. 
 
 TROKANTER, Trochanter. 
 
 TROKANTERIAN, Trochanterian, 
 
 TROKANTINIAN, Trochantinian. 
 
 TROKLEE, Trochlea. 
 
 TROMOMANIA, Delirium tremens. 
 
 TROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens. 
 
TROMOS 
 
 sn 
 
 TUBE 
 
 TROMOS, see Paralysis agitans. 
 
 TROMOSPASMUS, Tremor. 
 
 TB.02IPE, Tuba,— t. d'Eiisf ache, Eustachian 
 tube — t. de Fallope, Tuba Fallopiana — t. Uterine, 
 Tuba Fallopiana. 
 
 TROMUS, Tremor. 
 
 TRONC, Trunk — «. Brachial, Braclyal artery 
 —t. Basilaire, Basilary artery. 
 
 TROPiE'OLUM MAJUS, Indian Cress, Nas- 
 tur'tium Indicum, Acrivi'ola, Flos sangiiin'etis 
 monar'di, Kastur'tium Peruvia'num, Cardamin' - 
 dum majii.s, Car'do/mum majus. Family, Gerani- 
 acess. Sex. Syst. Octandria Monogynia. ( E.) 
 Cresson des Indes, Cresaon du Mexique, Capucine. 
 An antiscorbutic. 
 
 Trop^'olusi TuBERo'sTJir, Ulluco. A tuberous 
 plant, cultivated in the Sierra, Peru. It is smaller 
 than the potato. 
 
 TROPHALIS, Colostrum. 
 
 TROPHE, Aliment, Cibatio, Pabulum. 
 
 TROPHI. Same etymon as Trophy. In in- 
 sects, the parts of the mouth that are employed 
 in receiving and preparing the food. 
 
 TROPH'ICAL, Troph'icus. Same etymon as 
 Trophy. P^elating to nourishment or nutrition. 
 
 Troph'ical Nerves. The organic nerves, or 
 nerves of the sympathetic system, have been 
 so termed, from a belief that they "were concerned 
 in nutrition. 
 
 TROPHIMOS, Nutrition. 
 
 TROPHOXEURO'SIS, from rpo<pv, 'nourish- 
 ment,' and neurosis. A morbid condition of the 
 process of nutrition owing to diminished nervous 
 influence. 
 
 TROPnON'OSI, Trojyhonii'si, from rf.0^17. 
 'nourishment,' and vocos, 'a disease.' Diseases 
 of nutrition. 
 
 TROPH'T, Troph'ia, rpoipr,, a suffix denoting 
 'nourishment or nutrition ;' as hypertrophy, ' ex- 
 cess of nourishment or nutrition.' 
 
 TROPONU'SI, Iforhi irop'iei, from rpoTrr/, the 
 solstitial or tropical point where the sun turns or 
 alters its course, and vovaos, 'a disease.' Dis- 
 eases that prevail in the tropics. 
 
 TROSTER, see Spirit. 
 
 TROU, Foramen — t. Anovyme, Foramen stylo- 
 mastoideum — t. Aveugle ou Borgne, C»cum fora- 
 men — t. Borgne of the Medulla oblongata, Fora- 
 men CEeeum of the medulla oblongata — t. de 
 Botal, Botal foramen. Ovale foramen — t. Bechire 
 anterieur, Lacerum anterius foramen — t. Bechire 
 postSrieur, Lacerum posterius foramen — t. Epi- 
 iieux, Spinale foramen — t. 3fentonnier, Mental 
 foramen — t. Optiqne, Foramen oi'jticum — t. Or- 
 hitaire supjerieur. Foramen supra-orbitarium — t. 
 Orbitaire svperieur, Orbitar foramen superior — 
 t. Ovale, Ovale foramen — t. Bond, petit, Spinale 
 foramen — t. Sous-orbitaire, see Suborbitar canal 
 — t. Sous puhien, Obturatorium foramen — t. Sphe- 
 no-epineux, Spinale foramen — t. Sus-orbitaire, 
 Foramen supra-orbitarium. 
 
 TROUS CAROTIBIENS, Carotica foramina 
 — t. Condyloid! ens, Condyloidea foramina — t. de 
 Conjngaison, Conjugationis foramina — t. de Con- 
 jugaison, see Vertebrae — t. Olfactifs, Olfactory 
 foramina — (. Rachidiens, Spinal foramina. 
 
 TROUSSE-GALANT, Cholera morbus. 
 
 TROUSSEAU, Fasciculus. 
 
 TR US SEA UX ARRIERE - MESENTE- 
 RIQUES, (F.) A name given by Winslow to 
 the nervous plexus situate between the two me- 
 senteric plexuses, of which it is a dependence, 
 and which descends into the pelvis to concur in 
 the formation of the hypogastric plexus. 
 
 TRUBS, Lvcopcrdon tuber. 
 
 TRUCULENTUS, Homicidal. 
 
 TRUELOVE Paris, Trillium latifolium. 
 
 TRUFFE, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TRUFFLE, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TRUMBUS, Thrombus. 
 
 TRUMPET CREEPER, Tecoma radicans— t. 
 Flower, Tecoma radicans — t. Weed, Eupatorium 
 purpureum. 
 
 TRUNCUS, Trunk. 
 
 TRUNK, Truncns, (F.) Tronc. The principal 
 part of the bodj', to which the limbs are articu- 
 lated. The trunk has been divided into three 
 parts : — a supjerior, the head; a middle, the tho- 
 rax, and an inferior, the pelvis. These three 
 regions contain the great splanchnic cavities. 
 They are united by a common stalk — the verte- 
 bral column. To the middle are articulated the 
 superior extremities; and, to the inferior, the 
 lower extremities. 
 
 The trunk of an artery, vein, nerve, or lym- 
 phatic, is its largest part, which has not yet given 
 off branches. It is, also, applied to the parent 
 vessel, after branches have been sent off. 
 
 TRUSS, from (F.) trousser, ' to tie up.' Brache'- 
 riiim, Brachie'rivm, Brachi'le, Brachi'rolum, 
 Bracheri'olum, Amma, Hamma, Subligac'ulum, 
 Subligntu'ra, (F.) Brayer. A hernial bandage 
 for keeping hernia reduced. The ancient trusses 
 were inelastic. They consisted simply of a pad 
 and strap. At the present day, elastic bandages 
 are alone employed. They possess the advantage" 
 of making an equable and continuous yjressure on 
 the aperture of the sac; and of yielding to the 
 changes of form in the abdominal parietes. The 
 most important part of these bandages is a piece 
 of narrow steel, fiat, and adapted to the shape of 
 the body. This is the gjiring, (F.) Ressort. It 
 embraces the body on the side affected; extends 
 from beyond the spine, and terminates opposite 
 the ruptured part, by an iron plate to which it is 
 riveted. The posterior surface of this plate is 
 furnished with a convex pad, (F.) Pelote, adapted 
 in shape and size to the aperture which it has to 
 close. The spring is covered with leather, and its 
 inner surface is padded; a strap extends from its 
 posterior extremity; passes round the sound side, 
 and is attached to the plate of the pad. This 
 strap is pierced with numerous holes, which allow 
 the patient to tighten or slacken it at pleasure. 
 Trusses have been variously constructed; and 
 different patents obtained for the modiiications. 
 They all act upon the above principle. Some- 
 times they have a double pad. 
 
 TRYGODES, Feculent. 
 
 TRYPANON, Trepan. 
 
 TRYPESIS, Trepanning. 
 
 TRYPSIS, Friction. 
 
 TSCHERBET, Sherbet. 
 
 TSIANA, Costus. 
 
 TSJAMPACA, Michelia champaca. 
 
 TUBA, Tube— t. Aristotelica, Eustachian tube 
 — t. Casea, Tuba, Fallopiana — t. Uterina, Tuba 
 Fallopiana — t. Vocalis, Tube, vocal. 
 
 TUBAL RESPIRATION, see Murmur, respi- 
 ratory. 
 
 TUBE, Tuba, Trumpet, Salpinx, (F.) Trompe. 
 A name given to some parts which are hollow, 
 and have the shape of a trumpet. 
 
 Tube, Alimentary, Canal, alimentary - - c. 
 Eustachian, Eustachian tube. 
 
 Tdbe, Fallo'pian, Tuba Fallopia'na sou FaU 
 lopii, Hys'terosalpinx, Oridvc'tus mnlie'bris, Va« 
 deferens mulie'ris. Tuba nteri'nn, T. cmcci, Bucttia 
 varico'sus seu Proces'sus latera'lis seu Mea'ttta 
 semina'lis seu Me'atns semina'rius ii'tcri, (F.) 
 Trompe de Fallope, T. vterine, is a caual, floating 
 in the abdomen, and extending on each side from 
 the superior angles of the uterus as far as the 
 sides of the brim of the pelvis. Tliey are 4 or 5 
 inches long. Near the uterus, they are straight 
 
TUBER 
 
 875 
 
 TUBEECULUM 
 
 <ind rery narrow; but, in their course, tliey 
 •vriden, become tortuous, and terminate by a free, 
 expanded, undfim'briated e.rfrenuti/: called, also, 
 Folia'ceum ornamen'tum, Mor-sus diab'oli, In/iin- 
 dib'idum seu Digitatio'yies sen Fim'hria seu Vex- 
 illcB tuha'ntm Fcdlo'pii, Lacin'im tuha'rum Fallo- 
 pii, (F ) Morceau fra»f/e, Pavilion de la trompe, 
 Morceau du diahle. Within, the tubes are hol- 
 low and lined by a mucous membrane : the tis- 
 sue exterior to which is spongy and erectile. The 
 use of the Fallopian tubes is to conduct the sperm 
 to the ovarium, and the fecundated ovum back to 
 the uterus. They establish a communication 
 between the cavity of the peritoneum and that of 
 the uterus, the abdominal termination being 
 termed Os'tium dbdomina'le ; the uterine, Os'tium 
 uteri' num. 
 
 Tube, Intestinal, Canal, alimentary. 
 
 Tube, (Esophage'al, Stomach Tube. A long 
 elastic gum tube, capable of being passed into 
 the oesophagus or stomach. 
 
 Tube, Rectal, Defeca'tion tube. An elastic 
 gum tube, similar to the last, which is sometimes 
 passed into the colon, to remove air from that 
 intestine, or to enable enemata to be thrown up 
 into it. 
 
 Tube, Stomach, see Tube, oesophageal. 
 
 Tube, Vocal, Tuba voca'lis. The part of the 
 air-passages above the inferior ligaments of the 
 larynx, including the passages through the nose 
 and mouth. 
 
 TUBER, Hump, Lycoperdon tuber. Tubercle 
 — t. Atlo'ido-occipital, Rectus capitis posticus 
 minor — t. Cibarium, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 Tuber Cine'reum. A grayish tubercle, seen 
 at the base of the brain behind the commissure 
 of the optic nerves, which is continuous with the 
 infandibulum. 
 
 Tueer Frontale, Frontal protuberance — t. 
 Gulosorum, Lycoperdon tuber — t. Gutturosum, 
 Bronchocele — t. IscMo-troc'hanterien, Quadratus 
 femoris — -t. Ischii, see Ischiatie — t. Nigrum, Ly- 
 coperdon tuber — t. Pellagra, Pellagra — t. Tym- 
 pani, Promontory of the tympanum. 
 
 TUBERA TERR^, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TU'BERCLE, Tubcr'culum, Tuber, StrongaV- 
 ion, Stran'f/alis, Tuber'culotis depos'it, a Kernel, 
 (vulg.), « Knot (vulg.), (F.) Tubemde. A tumour 
 in the substance of organs, from the production 
 of new matter : — sensation null ; growth slug- 
 gish. In Pathological Anatomy, the term is 
 generally given to a species of degeneration 
 which consists of an opake matter, of a pale yel- 
 low colour : this, in its crude condition, has a 
 consistence analogous to that of concrete albu- 
 men : it subsequently becomes soft and friable, 
 and gradually acquires a consistence and appears 
 analogous to those of pus. Tubercles may be 
 developed in different parts of the body ; but they 
 are most frequently observed in the lungs and 
 mesentery. Pulmonary tubercles, Pneumophy'- 
 tnata, Tuber'cula Pulmo'num, (F.) Tubercules jiul- 
 tnonaires, are the cause of Tuber' cidar Phthisis. 
 Mesenteric tubercles are often met with in the 
 same affection, but particularly in Tabes Mesen- 
 terica. Laennec classes tu.bercles among the 
 accidental tissues which have no resemblance to 
 the natural tissues, and which never exist except 
 in consequence of morbid action. Others con- 
 sider them as a scrofulous degeneration. Brous- 
 sais conceives that they are produced exclusively 
 by inflammation of the white vessels, whose ex- 
 istence, however, is more than questionable. 
 When tubercles in any organ are few in number, 
 they may pass to the state of permanent indura- 
 tion without danger to the patient ; but when 
 they are very numerous, they usually cause se- 
 rious mischief. Br. Baron considers that they are 
 
 produced by hydatids. The morbid condition 
 which gives rise to the development of tubercles, 
 Tuberculiza'tion, is termed Tubercnlo'sis, 3lorhus 
 tuberculo' sus, Strnmosis seu Phymato'sis pidmo~ 
 num, and Dyscra'sia Tuberculo'sa. Tubercles aro 
 seen of various forms, — to wit, in fine points, ( (F.) 
 Poussiere tuberculeuse,) gray and yellow granu- 
 lations, miltory tubercles ; and graj' or yellow 
 tubercular masses, softened, and cretaceous. 
 
 Tubercle, Black, Melanosis. 
 
 TUBERCLES OF THE AREOLA, see Mam- 
 ma. 
 
 TUBER'CULA ARAN'TII, Cor'pora Arantii, 
 Corpna'cula Aran'tii, Tubercles of Arantius or 
 Aranzi. Small eminences at the middle part of 
 the convex edge of the semilunar valves of the 
 piilmonary artery and aorta. 
 
 Tubercula Arthritica, Calculi, arthritic — t. 
 Cerebri, Encephalophymata — t. Gonorrhoica, Go- 
 norrhoea impura — t. Hepatis, Hepato-stnmosie — • 
 t. Intestinorum, Enterophymata — t. Nervorum 
 nodosa, Ganglions, nervous — t. Parva dura; ma- 
 tris, Glandul» Pacchioni — t. Peritonei, Ccelio- 
 phymata — t. Pulmonum, see Tubercles, (of the 
 lungs) — t. Quadrigemina, Quadrigemina Tuber- 
 cula, 
 
 TUBER'CULAR, Tuber' culoiis, Tuberculo' sus, 
 Tuber' filiate, (F.) Tubercideux. That which re- 
 lates to tubercles, or which is formed by tubercles. 
 
 Tubercular or Tuberculous Constitution 
 or Diathesis, Phthisio'sis, is the habit of body 
 which predisposes to tubercular phthisis ; as Tu- 
 berculous Cachex'ia, Tuberculo'sis, Jlorbus tuber- 
 cvlo'sus, Dysera'sia tuberculo'sa, is the condition 
 of one labouring under tuberculosis. 
 
 Tubercular Matter. A morbid production, 
 contained in cysts, or loose in the tissue of or- 
 gans. It- varies, in its consistence, at the differ- 
 ent periods of the tubercular affection: being, at 
 first, compact, and yellowish ; at times, calca- 
 reous; afterwards pultaceous, semi-fluid, and 
 curdy. See Tubercle. 
 
 Tubercular Phthisis, is that produced by 
 the development of tubercles in the lungs. 
 
 Tubercular Sore Throat, Pharyngitis, folli- 
 cular. 
 
 TUBERCULATE, Tubercular. 
 
 Tdberculate Sarco'ma of Ab'ernetht, Em- 
 ]:>hy'ma Sarcoma tuhercido'sum, Tumor tubercu- 
 losus. Tubercles, firm, round, and clustering; 
 pea-sized or bean-sized ; yellowish or brownisli- 
 red ; when large, disposed to ulcerate, and pro- 
 duce a painful, malignant, and often fatal sore. 
 Found chiefly in the lymphatic glands of the 
 neck ; often, simultaneously, in other glands and 
 organs. 
 
 TUBERCULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis. 
 
 TVBERCULE, Tubercle. 
 
 TUBERCULES EES GL ANDES LYM- 
 PRATIQUES, Scrofula—*, du Foie, Hejmtostru- 
 mosie — t. des Ganglions mesenteriques, Tabes me- 
 senterica — t. of the Larynx and Fauces, Pharyn- 
 gitis, follicular — t. Miliary, see Granulation — t. 
 Pisiformes, Mamillary tubercles — t. Pulmonaires, 
 see Tubercle — t. Quadrijumeaux, Quadrigemina 
 corpora. 
 
 TVBERCULEUX, Tubercular. 
 
 TUBERCULIZATION, see Tubercle. 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS, see Tubercle, and'Tubercu- 
 lar Cachexia — t. Laryngis et Trachese, Phthisis 
 laryngea — t. Pulmonum, Phthisis pulmonalis — 
 t. Vertebrarum, Vertebral disease. 
 
 TUBERCULOSUS, Tubercular. 
 
 TUBERCULOUS, Tubercular— t. Deposit, Tu. 
 bercle — t. Disease of the Lungs, Phthisis pul- 
 monalis — t. Dust, Poussiere tuberculeuse. 
 
 TUBER'CULUM CINE'REUM, 'Ash-co 
 loured tubercle,' diminutive of tubffi' ; Fauci' flu 
 
TUBEROSITAS 
 
 876 
 
 TUNICA 
 
 eine'rea. A mass of cineritious substance at the 
 top of the calamus scriptorius, -which is continu- 
 ous below with the posterior liorn of cineritious 
 substance in the cord, and upon the sides with 
 the corpus restiforme. 
 
 TuBBRCULUM Lacbtmale, 866 Lachrymal 
 puncta — t. Loweri, Lower, tubercle of. 
 
 TUBEROSITAS, Tuberosity — t. Tympani, 
 Promontory of the tympanum. 
 
 TUBEROSITE BICIPITALE, Bicipital tu- 
 bercle — t. Seiatique, see Ischiatic. 
 
 TUBEROS'ITY, Tuheros'itas, from tuber, 'a 
 bump.' Anatomists have given this name to an 
 eminence or process, the surface of which is un- 
 equal and rough ; and which gives attachment to 
 muscles or ligaments. 
 
 TUBI MEMBBANACEI, see VUlous mem- 
 branes. 
 
 TU'BULAR, Tuhila'ris, (F.) Tuhulaire. Same 
 etymon as the nest. Relating to or having the 
 form of a small tube. 
 
 Tubular Blowing Sound, see Murmur, respi- 
 ratory — t. Jfeurine, see Neurine — t. Substance of 
 the Kidney, see Kidney. 
 
 TUBULE, Tu'bulua; diminutive of Tula. A 
 small tube. 
 
 TUBULI BELLINI, Uriniferous tubes — t. 
 Duras matris, Sinuses of the dura mater — t. Ner- 
 vei, Nerve fibres — t. Pelvis renum, see Calix — 
 t. Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous tubes. 
 
 TUBULUS, Cannula— t. Centralis Modioli, 
 see Traetus spiralis foraminulentus. 
 
 TUBUS ACUSTICUS, Ear-trumpet — t. Ali- 
 mentaris, Canal, alimentary — t. Intestinorum, 
 Canal, alimentary — t. Nervorum, Neurilemma — 
 t. Vermicularis cseci. Appendix vermiformis caBci. 
 
 TUCKAHO, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TUE-CHIEN, Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 TULBAG'HIA ALLIA'CEA. A South Afri- 
 can plant, Nat. Ord. Asphodelea3, the bulbs of 
 ■which, boiled in milk, are recommended in phthi- 
 sis and as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Tulbaghia cepa'cea and T. viola'eea serve the 
 same purpose. 
 
 TULIP TREE, Liriodendron. 
 
 TULIPIER, Liriodendron. 
 
 TULIPIFERA LIRIODENDRON, Lirioden- 
 dron tulipifera. 
 
 TUMEFACTIO, Swelling— t. Mollis, Puffiness. 
 
 TUMESCENTIA PITUITOSA, Leucophleg- 
 matia. 
 
 TUMEUIt, Tumour — t. Anomale, see Ilsema- 
 todes fungus — f. Blanche, Hydrarthrus — t. Ca- 
 verneuse, see Hsematodes fungus — t. Encepha- 
 lo'ide, Encephaloid — t. Erectile, see Ha3matodes 
 fungus — t. Himorrliagiale circonscrite, see Aneu- 
 rism — t. Lymphatique dea articulations, Hydrar- 
 thrus — t. Variqueuse, see Hsematodes fungus. 
 
 TUMOR, Swelling, Tumour— t. Albus, Hydrar- 
 thrus — t. Anomalus, Haematodes fungus — t. Artu- 
 um, Obdormitio — t. Capitis Sanguineus, Cephalae- 
 matoma — t. Carneus, Sarcoma — t. Cysticus, En- 
 cystis — t. Cysticus serosus. Hygroma — t. Fibrosus, 
 Tumour, fibrous — t.Ficosus, Ficus — t.Flatulentus, 
 Emphj'sema — t. Fugax, see Fugacious — t. Fun- 
 gosua articuli. Spina ventosa — t. Fungosus san- 
 guineus, Hsematodes fungus — t. Gangliformis, 
 Ganglion, nervous — t. Genarum, Meloncus — t. 
 Genu albus, Genocace — t. Glandulaa parotideae, 
 Parotidoncus — t. Lacteus, Galactocele — t. Lar- 
 deus, Steatoma — t. Malarum, Meloncus — t. Ova- 
 rii, Oarioncus — t. Parotidis, Parotidoncus — t. 
 Prostata;, Prostatoncus — t. Renalis, Nephroncus 
 • t Sanguineus, Hasmatoma — t. Squamiformis 
 carnosus, Lepidosarcoma — t. Tuberculosus, Tu- 
 berculate sarcoma — t. Tunicatus, Encystis — t. 
 Uteri, Hysteroncus. 
 
 TUMOUR, from tumeo, 'I swell;' Tumor, On. 
 cos, Oncns, Epar'ma, Epareis, Emphy'ma, Excre- 
 scen'tia (Saxwages,) Ecphy'ina, (F.) Tumeur. A ris- 
 ing or prominence, of greater or less size, develop- 
 ed by a morbific cause in some part of the body. 
 CuUen defines a tumour to be " a partial swelh.ig 
 without inflammation." Sauvages restricts the 
 term to a rising formed by the congestion of a 
 fluid ; and he calls excrescences those which have 
 a fleshy or osseous consistence. Boyer defines it 
 " any preternatural eminence developed on any 
 part of the body." Good uses it synonymously 
 with tubercle. Beyer's is the best general defi- 
 nition. Tumours differ greatly from each other ; 
 according to their seat, the organs interested, 
 their nature, &o. 
 
 The French use the term Tumeur blanche sy- 
 nonymously with White Swelling ; — see Hydrar- 
 thrus. The term is, however, applied by the 
 generality of surgeons to swellings of the greater 
 joints, without change of colour of the skin, and 
 of a more or less firm consistence, which are de- 
 pendent upon disease of the osseous or of the soft 
 parts about the joint. 
 
 Scrofula is the most common cause of these 
 afi"ections. 
 
 Tumour, Erec'tile. A tumour produced by 
 the development of a soft, vascular tissue, which 
 is susceptible of elevation and depression. See 
 Erectile. 
 
 Tumour, Fibrous, Fibrous growth, Fibro'ma, 
 Tumour Jibro'sus, Inohylo'ma. A tumour or growth 
 formed of fibrous tissue. 
 
 Tumour, Laminated, Nacreous Fattt, Cho- 
 lesteatoma — t. Milk-like, Encephaloid. 
 
 Tumour, Var'icose, Tumor varico'sus. A 
 circumscribed, bluish tumour, formed by the dila- 
 tation and turgescence of the capillary vessels of 
 a part. 
 
 Tumour, Vascular, see Hsemorrhois. 
 
 TUNAS, see Cactus opuntia. 
 
 TUNBRIDGE, MINERAL WATERS OP. A 
 celebrated acidulous chalybeate in Kent, England, 
 a few miles distant from the village of Tunbridge, 
 and thirty-six miles south of London, which is 
 much frequented. It contains carbonic acid, car- 
 bonate of iron, and sulphate of magnesia. 
 
 TUNDA OCULI, Conjunctiva membrana. 
 
 TUNDUS CORDIS, Mucro cordis. 
 
 TUNIC, Tu'nica, Chi'ton, a coat. An enve- 
 lope. A name given to different membranes, 
 which envelop organs ; as the tunics or coats of 
 the eye, stomach, bladder, &c. 
 
 TUNICA ACINALIS, Uvea — t. Aciniformis, 
 Uvea — t. Acinosa, Uvea — t. Adnata., Conjunc- 
 tiva — t. Agnata, Conjunctiva — t. Alba oculi, 
 Sclerotic — t. Albuginea, Albuginea — t. Albugi- 
 nea oculi. Sclerotic — t. Allantoides, AUantois — 
 t. Arachnodes, Arachnoid membrane — t. Aranea, 
 Arachnoid membrane — t. Caduca, Decidua — t. 
 Candida oculi. Sclerotic — t. Carnosa, Pannieulus 
 carnosus — t. Conjunctiva, Conjunctiva — t. Cos- 
 talis, Pleura — t. Crassa, Decidua — t. Crystallina, 
 Arachnoid membrane — t. Dura oculi, Sclerotic 
 — t. Durior et crassa, Sclerotic — t. Elytroides, 
 Vaginalis tunica — t. Erythroides, Cremaster — t. 
 Exterior ovi, Decidua — t. Extima oculi, Sclero- 
 tic — t. Farciminalis, AUantois — t. Filamentosa, 
 Decidua 
 
 Tunica Granulo'sa. An investment of the 
 ovum exterior to the zona pellucida, described by 
 Dr. Barry, but the existence of which, as a struc- 
 ture, distinct and independent from the membrana 
 granulosa, is denied. 
 
 Tunica Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus — 
 t. Innominata oculi. Sclerotic — t. Interna oculi. 
 Retina. 
 
 Tunica Jaco'bi. A highly delicate seroBB 
 
TUNICULA 
 
 877 
 
 TUSSILAGO 
 
 memlirane, interposed between the retina and 
 the choroid coat, discovered by Dr. Jacob, of 
 Dublin. Its structure is curious, being composed 
 of cylindrical, transparent, highly refractive staff- 
 Bliaped bodies, and hence called Stratum hacilla'- 
 tum, which are arranged perpendicularly to the 
 surface of the retina, their outer extremities being 
 imbedded, to a greater or less depth, in a layer of 
 the pigmentum nigrum. 
 
 TrxicA McsccLAEis, Dartos — t. Nervorum, 
 Neurilemma — t. Perforata, Uvea — t. Prsetensa 
 abdominis, Peritonasum — t. Reticularis, Retina 
 — t. Retiformis, Retina — t. Rhagoides, Choroi- 
 dea tunica, Uvea — t. Rubicunda scroti, Dartos — 
 t. Rubra, Dianthus caryophyllus — t. Ruyschiana, 
 see Choroid — t. Subeostalis, Pleura — t. Thora- 
 cis, Corset — t. Uvalis, Uvea — t. Uvea, Uvea — 
 t. Uviformis, Uvea — t. Vaginalis, see Vaginal — 
 t. Vaginalis Lingua, see Tongue — t. Vaginalis 
 Propria, Vaginal coat of the Testicle — t. Vagi- 
 nalis reflexa. Vaginal coat of the Testicle — t. 
 Vasculosa oculi, Choroid, see Eye. 
 
 TuxiCA Vasculo'sa Testis, Pia mater testis. 
 An extremely delicate membrane, consisting of 
 minute ramilications of the spermatic vessels 
 united by areolar tissue, which separates the 
 lobules of the testis from each other. It is situ- 
 ate immediately within the tunica albuginea, and 
 encloses the substance of the gland. It sends 
 processes inward that separate the lobules, in the 
 same manner as the pia mater is reflected between 
 the convolutions of the brain. 
 
 TcxicA ViTREA, Hyaloid membrane. 
 
 TUXICULA, Clitoris. 
 
 T UNIQUE ALBUGINEE, Albuginea. 
 
 TUXNYFISH, SALTED, Omotarichos. 
 
 TUPHLO-EXTERITIS, Typhlo-enteritis. 
 
 TUPHUS, Typhus. 
 
 TUPIXARIA, Talpa. 
 
 TURBA HEMORRHOID ALIS, see Hamor- 
 rhois 
 
 TURBATIOXES AXIMI, Affections of the 
 mind. 
 
 T U R'B IX A T E D B N E S, Ossa turlinn'ta. 
 Bones shaped like atop; from turho or turhen, 
 'atop.' Ossa Bjjonffio'ea, Cornua, ConchcB na'riiim, 
 Tur'bines nasi seu na'i-ium, Conchyl'ia, Bucci'na, 
 Lcun'incB sjmngio'scB nasi, Ossa tertia maxillcB sit- 
 perio'ris. Very thin, bony plates, rolled np in 
 the form of horns, and situate in the nasal fossa. 
 1. Os ejMngio' sum sxtpe'rius or Cornet de Mor- 
 yagni ; — the highest. 2. Os spongiosum me' dium, 
 the middle cornu of Erench anatomists, — the 
 ethmoid'al cornu or Os spongiosum svj)erius, Os 
 turbinatum, of English anatomists, Os convolu'- 
 turii superins, Concha, C. na'rium euperius, C. 
 Morgagnia' na, (F.) Cornet Moyen. This bone 
 projects inwards and downwards into the cavity 
 of the nose, from the ethmoid cells at the side of 
 the nasal lamella, and serves to enlarge the organ 
 of smell. It is convex towards the septum, and 
 concave outwards. 3. Os spongiosum vel turhi- 
 natum inferius. Concha inferior, Convolu'tum in- 
 ferius os, Os sous-ethmo'idal, (Ch.), projects at the 
 under part of the side of the nose, is convex to- 
 wards the septum, and concave outwards. It is 
 connected to the os maxillare, os palati, and os 
 unguis. 4. Sphenoid' al cornu. 
 
 All the turbinated bones extend the olfactory 
 surface. 
 
 TURBINES NASI seu NARIUM, Turbinated 
 bones. 
 
 TURBITH BLANC, Globularia alypum — t. 
 Mineral, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — t. Montpel- 
 lier, Globularia alypum — t. Plant, Convolvulus 
 turpethum. 
 
 TURBO CEREBRI, Pineal gland. 
 
 TURGEXTIA, Turgescence. 
 
 T U R G E S'C E X C E, Turges'cency, Turgid.' iiy, 
 Tur'gidness, Turgescen'tia, Turgen'tia, Orgas'mns, 
 from turgescere, ' to swell.' Superabundance of 
 humours in a part. The term Turgescence of 
 Bile was formerly used to denote the passage of 
 that fluid into the stomach, and its discharge by 
 vomiting. A vital action of turgescence or ex- 
 pansibility — Turgor vita'lis — has been presumed 
 to exist in certain organs, as in the capillaries ; 
 but the generality of physiologists do not ad- 
 mit it. 
 
 TURGESCEXTIA, Turgescence. 
 
 Turgescen'tia Vesic'ul^: Fell'e^, Asci'fes 
 Hep'ato-cys'ticus, Physco'nia bilio'sa, Hepatal'gia 
 Petitia'na, Cystoce'le bilio'sa, Hydrocholecys'tis, 
 Hydrops vesi'ccB fell'ea, (F.) Hydropisie de la 
 Vesicule du Fiel, Distension de la Vesicule du 
 Fiel, Cholicystiectaaie. Distension of the gall- 
 bladder by bile. 
 
 TURGIDITY, Turgescence. 
 
 TUR6IDXESS, Turgescence. 
 
 TURGOR VITALIS, see Turgescence. 
 
 TURMERIC, Curcuma longa, Sanguinaria 
 Canadensis. 
 
 TURX OF LIFE, see Menses. 
 
 TURXIXG, Versio, V. foetus, from (F.) tour- 
 ner, 'to turn.' (F.) Version. The operation of 
 bringing down the feet, or some part of the lower 
 extremity, when the presentation of the child is 
 such that it cannot be delivered by the natural 
 efi"orts. 
 
 TURXIP, Brassiea rapa — t. Dragon, Arum 
 triphyllum — t. Indian, Arum triphyllum — t. 
 Pepper, Arum triphyllum. 
 
 TURXS, Menses. 
 
 TURPEXTIXE, Terebinthina — t. Bordeaux, 
 see Pinus sylvestris — t. Brianjon, see Pinua 
 cembra — t. Chio, see Pistacia terebinthus — t. 
 Common, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Common, 
 American, see Pinus sylvestris — t. C3'prus, see 
 Pistacia terebinthus — t. Damarra, see Pinus 
 damarra — t. Dombeya, see Dombeya exeelsa — t. 
 Horse, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Strasburg, see 
 Pinus picea — t. Tree, Pistacia terebinthus — t. 
 Venice, see Pinus larix — t. Venice, true, see 
 Pistacia terebinthus — t. White, see Pinus syl- 
 vestris. 
 
 TURPETHUM, Convolvulus turpethum— t 
 Minerale, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — t. Nigrum, 
 Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. 
 
 TURQUOISE. This stone has been long im- 
 agined to change its colour, according as the 
 wearer is at the time in good or bad health : — 
 a superstitious notion. 
 
 TURTLE BLOOM, Chelone glabra— t. Green, 
 Chelonia mydas — t. Head, Chelone glabra. 
 
 TURUXDA, Tent. 
 
 TURUXDULA, Tent. 
 
 TUSSACA RETICULATA, Goodvera pubes- 
 cens. 
 
 TUSSEDO, Tussis. 
 
 TUSSICULA, Tussis. 
 
 TUSSIC'ULAR, Tussicula'ris, Tussicido' sus, 
 from tussis, ' a cough.' Relating to a cough, or 
 to a slight cough. 
 
 TUSSICULOSUS, Tussieular. 
 
 TUSSILA'GO, T. Far'fara seu vulga'ris. Be'- 
 chium, Be'chion, Cal'ceum equi'num, Chamceleu'ce, 
 Charnagei'von, Fi'lius ante 2'>atrem, Farfarel'la, 
 Galliomarchus, Farfara, Farfara Be'chium, Un'- 
 gulacaballi'na, Coltsfoot, (F.) Pas d'dne. Family, 
 Corymbiferse. Se.v. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia 
 Superflua. It is demulcent and expectorant, and 
 has been used in coughs, and pulmonary afl^ec- 
 tions in general, and in some cutaneous diseasoa. 
 
 TussiLAGO Farfara, Tussilago — t. Hybriua, 
 T. pelasites. 
 
TUSSIS 
 
 878 
 
 TYMPANUM 
 
 TussiLAGO Petasi'tes, T. hy'hrida seu Pe- 
 tasires herina^ihrodita, Butterbur, Pestilent-wort, 
 Pefanites, Petasites major seu ruhena seu offici- 
 na'lis seu hy'bridv.i seu vulga'ris. The roots of 
 this plant have boen recommended as aperient 
 and alesipharmic. — They have a strong smell; 
 and a bitterish, a ^rid taste, of the aromatic kind, 
 Lut not agreeable. 
 
 Tdssilago Petasites Hermaphrodita, T. 
 petasites — t. Vulgaris, Tussilago. 
 
 TUSSIS — diminutive, Tussic'ula ; Cough, 
 Coughing, Begnia, Bex, Tusse'do, Bexis, Tiwsia 
 tiervo'sa, Catar'rhus, Piieusis Tussis, (F.) Toux. 
 Violent, sonorous, frequent, and short expira- 
 tions, by means of which the air, in passing 
 rapidly through the bronchia and trachea, car- 
 ries along with it the mucus of the parts, which 
 forms the sputa. The cough is said to be dry, 
 when unaccompanied by expectoration. It is 
 symptomatic of many diseases. See Bronchitis. 
 
 Tussis Amphemerina, Pertussis — t. Asinina, 
 Pertussis — t. Bronchica, Cough, tubal, see Bron- 
 chitis — t. Canina, Pertussis — t. Catarrhalis Sim- 
 plex, Catarrh — t. Clamosa, Pertussis — t. Clan- 
 gosa, Pertussis — t. Convulsiva, Pertussis — t. 
 Delassans, Pertussis — t. Ferina, Pertussis — t. 
 Pueros strangulans, Pertussis — t. Quinta, Per- 
 tussis — t. Senilis, Bronchitis (chronic) — t. Spas- 
 modiea, Pertussis — t. Stomachalis, Pertussis — 
 t. Suffocans, Pertussis — t. Suffocativa, Pertussis 
 ■ — t. Tussiculosa, Pertussis. 
 
 TUSSIVE; Tussi'vus ; from tussis, 'cough.' 
 Belonging or relating to cough: — as tussive vibra- 
 Mon; the vibration of the parietes of the chest, 
 gauged by coughing. 
 
 TUTAM'INA, pi. of Tnta'men, 'a defence,' 'a. 
 protection,' from tutare, 'to defend.' Parts are 
 so called which defend or protect each other. 
 
 Tdtajiina Cer'ebri are the scalp, pericranium, 
 tones of the skull, and the meninges. 
 
 TuTAMixA Oc'oLi are the eyebrows, eyelids, 
 and lachrymal apparatus. 
 
 TUTENAG, Zincum. 
 
 TUTHIA, Tutia. 
 
 TU'TIA, Pom'pholyx, Cadmi'a, Alfasa, Me- 
 sera, Cupni'tis, Tuthia, Ox'ydum zinei impu'rum. 
 The oxyd of zinc that attaches itself to the chim- 
 neys of furnaces in which ores of zinc are smelted. 
 It is in the form of gray incrustations ; and is 
 sometimes used for making an eye-salve. It is 
 prepared, for this purpose, by levigation, 
 
 TWIN, Gemellus. 
 
 TWINKLING OF THE EYE, Nictation. 
 
 TWINLEAF, COMMON, Jeffersonia Bartoni. 
 
 TWINROOT, Orchis. 
 
 TWINS, SIAMESE. Two brothers, Chang 
 and Eng, connected by means of a ligamentous 
 band passing from the epigastrium of one to that 
 of the other, who were exhibited in various parts of 
 Europe and America, about the year 1830. They 
 are now [1851] living in North Carolina: both are 
 married, and have children. See Xiphopages. 
 
 TWITCHING, Tic. 
 
 TYCH'ICA, from Tv^rj, 'accident.' Fortuitous 
 lesions or deformities. The 7th class of Good's 
 Nosology. 
 
 TYLE, Callosity 
 
 TYLOMA, Callosity. 
 
 TYLOSIS, Callosity. 
 
 TYLUS, Callosity. 
 
 TYMMA, Wound. 
 
 TYMPAN, Tympanum. 
 
 TYMPANAL, Tympanic. 
 
 TYMPANIA, Tympanites. 
 
 TYMPAN IAS, Tympanites. 
 
 TYM'PANIC, Tympan'icus, Tym'panal ; same 
 etymon as tympanum. Relating to the tympa- 
 num, as ' tympanic canal.' 
 
 Ttmpaxic Nerve, see Petrous ganglion. 
 
 TYMPANITA, Tympanites. 
 
 TY2rPANITE, Tympanites. 
 
 TYMPANI'TES, Emphyse'ma Ahdom'inis, Ey. 
 drops Tympanites, Affec'tio tympanit'ica, Ectym- 
 jiano'sis, P]ieumato'sis Abdoni'inis, Hydrops ab- 
 dominis aereus, Aero'sis, Aero-enterecta'sia, Phy- 
 soece'lia, Tympano'sis, Physe'ma, Physe'sis, Hy- 
 drops siccus etflatulentus, Tympa'nia, Tympa'nias, 
 Tynqyani'ta, Tympani'tis, Emphyse'ma Tympa- 
 nites, E. Tympanit' icum, Metereorisrnus, Tym'- 
 pany, Me'teorism, Wind dropsy, (P.) Tympa- 
 nite, Pneumatose peritoneale, Ballonnernent, from 
 Tviiizavov, ' a drum ;' so called because the abdo- 
 men is distended with wind, and sounds like a 
 drum when struck. A swelling of the abdomen, 
 caused by accumulation of air in the intestinal 
 tube or in the peritoneum. Tympanites may be 
 idiopathic or symptomatic. The former depends 
 upon exhalation of air from the inner surface of 
 the intestine, or from the decomposition of sub- 
 stances contained in it ; the latter is the result 
 of some organic affection, and often depends 
 upon obliteration of the digestive tube, which 
 prevents the gas from escaping. Idiopathic tym- 
 panites may be more readily cured. The sympto- 
 matic is usually fatal. On dissection in such 
 cases, the stomach and intestines are found enor- 
 mously distended; with strangulation or disor- 
 ganization of some part of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the intestine. Carminatives may be 
 proper when tympanites depends upon atony of 
 the digestive organs : but, in cases of the symp- 
 tomatic kind, they cannot be productive of ad- 
 vantage, and may do harm. 
 
 Sometimes the air is contained in the cavity 
 of the peritoneum — constituting Tym2)ani't€s ab- 
 domina'lis, Aeroperitdnie, of some: — the accumu- 
 lation in the intestines being caUed Tymjjani'tes 
 intestina'lis. 
 
 Tympanites, Uteriitb, Physometra. 
 
 TYMPANI'TIS, Inflamma'tio tym'pani; from 
 Tvji-avov, ' a drum,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the lining membrane of 
 the middle ear. Also, tympanites. 
 
 TYMPANOSIS, Tympanites. 
 
 TYM'PANUM, TvixTTavov, ' a drum.' The Drum 
 or barrel of the ear. The names Cavity of the 
 Tympanum or Cavity of the Drum, Cav'itas Tym'- 
 pani, Antrum seu cavitaa antro'sa Auris, Cavum 
 Tym'pjani, (F.) Tympan, Cavite du tympan, Caisse 
 du tambour — have been given to a cavity of an 
 irregular shape, which constitutes the middle ear, 
 and has been compared to a drum. It is situate 
 in the pars petrosa of the temporal bone, between 
 the meatus auditorius externus and the labyrinth. 
 This cavity is lined by a mucous membrane; and 
 communicates, externally, by means of the Eu- 
 stachian tube, which is situate between it and the 
 pharynx. The tympanum has six parietes. 1. 
 An external, which is almost entirely formed of 
 the Membrane of the Drum, Membrana tympani, 
 Diajjhrag'ma auris, Mediasti'num seu Tcgumen'- 
 tum auris, Ilyrin'ga, Myrinx, (F.) Jfembraiie rfit 
 tyinjmn — a species of thin, transparent, circular 
 septum; convex within, and concave without, 
 which closes the inner extremity of the meatus 
 auditorius. 2. An internal, on which are the Fe- 
 nes'tra ova'lis, Prom'ontory, and Fora'men rotun'- 
 dum. 3. A superior. 4. An inferior, on which is 
 the glenoid fissure. 5. A posterior, on which are 
 the opening of the mastoid cells, and the pyra- 
 mid. 6. An anterior, on which are the Froces'- 
 eus cochlea form' is and the inner orifice of tho 
 Eustachian tube. The cavity of the tympanum 
 is crossed by a series of four small bones, articu- 
 lated with each other by diarthrosis, moved by 
 
TYMPANY 
 
 879 
 
 TYPHUS 
 
 certain mnscles, and representing a kind of bent | 
 lever extending from the membrana tj'mpani to 
 the fenestra ovulis. They are called the Bones or 
 Ossicles of the Ear, and are the malleus, incus, 
 OS orbiculare, and stapes. 
 
 For the nerrous plexus of the tympanum, see 
 Petrosal Ganglion, and Otic Ganglion. 
 
 Tympanum Minus, see Fenestra — t. Secunda- 
 rium, see Fenestra. 
 
 TYMPANY, Tympanites — t. of the TVomb, 
 Physometra. 
 
 TYPE, Typvs, Periodus morhi, from rv-og, 'a 
 stamp,' itself from rv-rw, 'I strike.' The trjpe is 
 the order in which the symptoms of a disease ex- 
 hibit themselves, and succeed each other. It 
 may be continued, intermittent, or remittent. 
 
 TYPHA ANGUSTIFOLIA has the same pro- 
 ties as 
 
 Typha Aromatica, Acorus calamus. 
 
 Typha Latifolia, Cattail, Reed mace, (F.) 
 Ifassette, Masse d'Eau, (vKpog, 'a marsh,' [?]). A 
 plant common in marshes and ponds, in this 
 country and in Europe. Family, Typhaceaj. 
 Sex. Syst. Moncecia triandria. Its roots have 
 been used in dysentery and blennorhagia. The 
 young shoots, before they reach the surface of 
 the water, taste like asparagus, when boiled. 
 
 The down, (F.) Aigrette, Foils, which accom- 
 panies the flowers, has been applied to burns like 
 cotton. 
 
 TYPHIGUS, Typhoid. 
 
 TYPHI QUE, Typhoid. 
 
 TYPHLITIS, Typhlo-enteritis. 
 
 TYPHLO-ENTERI'TIS, TupMo-enteritis, Ty- 
 pJiU'tis, Typldoteri'tis, Inflamma'tio CcBci, Phleg'- 
 monons Tumour of the CcBcum, (F.) Inflommation 
 du C(ECum, from rxKbXog, caciw, and enteritis, 'in- 
 flammation of the intestines.' Inflammation of 
 the caecum, occasionally leading to perforative 
 ulceration. 
 
 TYPHLOENTEEUM, CEecum. 
 
 TYPHLOPS, Cfficus. 
 
 TYPHLOSIS, C«citas. 
 
 TYPHLOTERITIS, Tvpblo-enteritis. 
 
 TYPHLOTERON MONOCOLON, Cfficum. 
 
 TYPHLOTERUM, Csecum. 
 
 TYPHLOTES, Cajcitas. 
 
 TYPHODES, Typhoid. 
 
 TYPHOEMIE ENTERIQUE, see Typhus. 
 
 TYPH0HJ3MIA, see Putrefaction. 
 
 TYPHOID, Typhoides, Typho'des, Ty'phicus, 
 Typho'sus, Lac'tica, (F.) Typhique, Typho'ide, 
 Typhode. Appertaining to or resembling ty- 
 phus; as Typhoid Fever. Also, according to some, 
 Typhous Fever, typhus. Fuchs has employed 
 the word Typho'ide for a family of diseases, to 
 distinguish them from phlogoses ; of this family, 
 Stomacace, Pharyngocace, and Pneumocace are 
 examples. 
 
 Typhoib Apfectiox, see Typhus — t. Fever of 
 India, Cholera. 
 
 TYPHOMA'NIA, from Tv<po?, 'stupor,' and 
 fiavia, ' delirium.' Delirium with stujwr, Subde- 
 lir'ium. The kind of delirium common in 
 typhus. 
 
 Typhomania, Coma vigil, Insomnia. 
 
 TYPHONIA, Coma vigil. 
 
 TYPHOSEPSES, Typhoseptoses. 
 
 TYPHOSEPTO'SES, Typhosep'ses, from Tv<pos, 
 ' stupor,' and cn;i^(f, 'putrefaction.' Typhous af- 
 fections. 
 
 TYPHOSUS, Typhoid. 
 
 TYPHOUS, Typho'sus ; same etymon as Ty- 
 phus. Belonging or relating to typhus. 
 
 Typhous Depos'it. A peculiar substance of 
 new formation found in the areolar membrant: 
 
 between the mucous and muscular coats cf tli« 
 patebes of Peyer in typhoid fever. 
 
 Typhous Fever, see Typhoid. 
 
 TYPHUS, Semipes'tis, Tupihus, Fehris Typho'- 
 des, Fehris asthen' lea seu adynam'ica, Asthtnop'- 
 yra, (F. ) Ftevre adyiiamique, F. utaxique, F. 
 adynamique ataxique, lyphua d' Europe, from 
 TV(pos, ' stupor.' A fever characterized by small, 
 weak, and unequal, but usually frequent pulse, 
 with great prostration of strength, and much ce- 
 rebral disturbance," its duration being usually 
 from a fortnight to three weeks or longer. It is 
 continued fever, accompanied with great cerebral 
 irritation and prostration. (See Fever.) By most 
 writers, this disease has been divided into two 
 varieties — the Tyj^hus mitior and Typhus gravior. 
 Typhus MiT"ior!, T. simplex, T. nervo'sus, T. 
 comato'sus, Fe'bris lenta nervosa, Plechrop'yrus, 
 F. pu'trida nervosa, F. hec'tica malig'na nervosa. 
 Nervous Fever, Neurop)'yra, Neurop>yr'etns, (F.) 
 Ftevre nerveuse, is characterized by slight shiver- 
 ings, heavy, vertiginous headach ; great oppres- 
 sion, peculiar expression of anxiety, nausea, 
 sighing, despondency, and coma or quiet deli- 
 rium. Typhus Gra'vior, Typjhus car'cerum, T. 
 castren'sis, T. anthropophthor'acus. True Typihiis, 
 Exanthemat'ic typhus, Nervous fever icith exaii- 
 them'atous erupi'lion, Conta'yious typhus, Fehris 
 iiervo'sa epidem'ica, F. nervo'sa exanthemat'ica, 
 F. malig'na cum sopo're, F. nervo'sa petechia'lis, 
 F. pestilentia'lis Euru'pxB, Typhus coniagio'sns 
 exanthemat' ieus, T. nostras, T. Europm' us, T. 
 commu'nis, T. hel'licus, T. exanthemat' icus, T. 
 Hiher'nicus, Pesiis bel'lica, Fehris pes'tilens ma- 
 lig'na, Fehris nau'tica pestilentia'lis, Fehris pete- 
 chia'lis, Typhus petechia'lis, Porpihyro-typ>hu8, 
 Pulicula'ris morbus, Fehris 2>uncticida'ris, F. Sa- 
 p)rop'yra, F. car'cerum ct nosocovxio'rum, F. Pn- 
 trida, F. con' tinens pu'trida, F. coutin'ua pu'trida, 
 Septop'yra, Putrid Fever, Jail Fever, Hospital 
 Fever, Ship Fever, (F.) Fievre des Camps, F. 
 nautique, F. d'Hopital, F. nosocomiale, F. des 
 Prisons, F. lenticulaire. Typhus contagieux, is at- 
 tended with rigors and heat, alternating; little 
 or no perspiration; ptilse, tense and hard, usually 
 quick, but fluttering ; pain over the forehead and 
 vertex ; a ' mulberry rash,' appearing on the fifth 
 to the seventh day of the disease, and lasting till 
 the end; delirium, succeeded by stupor, signs of 
 incipient putrescency, — as true petechia, vibices, 
 hemorrhages, &c. Typhus, under particular cir- 
 cumstances, seems to be communicable by conta- 
 gion ; but if proper attention be paid to cleanli- 
 ness and ventilation, there is not much danger cf 
 communication. The general principles of treat- 
 ment, laid down under the head of Fever, are 
 applicable here. All the varieties of continued 
 fever resemble each other in the cardinal points, 
 although they may difter in many of their cha • 
 racters. Ventilation and cleanliness; warm or 
 cold ablution or sponging; keeping the bowels 
 free; and attending to symptoms as they may 
 rise, with the avoiding of all irritation of every 
 kind, are the main indications. When symptoms 
 of great prostration occur, the strength must be 
 supported by wine ; and tonics be exhibited, with 
 the mineral acids. Of the tonics, the sulphate 
 of ciuinia is perhaps as good as any, whilst it is 
 free from the objection which applies to most 
 others, — of being too bulky. In the whole man- 
 agement of this affection, however, the physician 
 has to discriminate carefully between oppression 
 and prostration. The former may require eva- 
 cuants; the latter cannot. 
 
 Of late, certain observers have endeavoured t<» 
 
 show, that there is an essential difference between 
 
 tvphoid fever and typhus ; that the former is an 
 
 ' abdominal affection, and dependent upon, or con- 
 
TYPIC 
 
 880 
 
 ULCEEOUS 
 
 liccted witli, an inflamed or ulcerated condition 
 of the mucous follicles of the intestines ; hence 
 it has received the names Fievre mesentiriqiie, F. 
 ti/pJio'ide, Maladle ou Affection typ]io'ide,'E. entero- 
 inesenteriqne, Enterite typho-hemique, TypJioemie 
 enterique, Entero-mesentei'ite typhoide, Fxuniheme 
 iiitesft'iiale, Dothinenterie, Dothinenterite, <fec., lleo- 
 diclidite, Enterite folliculeuse, Gastro-enterite with 
 nervous affection of the brain, FoUicxdar gastro- 
 enteritis, F. enteritis, Enteri'tis foUiculo'sa, Ty- 
 phus abdomina'lis, T.intestina'lis, T. Sporad'icv.s, 
 EnterotyjjJius, T. gangliona'ris ahdomina'lis, Fe- 
 hris intestina'lis idcero'sa, F. nervo'sa gus'trica, 
 F. nervo'sa enter'ica, F. enter'ica, F. nervo'sa nie- 
 eenter'ica, Enterhelio'sia nervo'sa, Typhus enter'- 
 ictis, lleop'yra, Jleotyjyhus, Typhoid affection. 
 Enteric /ever. Accompan3'ing this form of fever 
 there is generally a t3'phoid eruption, consisting 
 of rose-red papulse, (see Spots, red,) which appear 
 mostly on the abdomen. They are distinct from 
 true petechiss, as they can be removed by pres- 
 sure ; and distinct also from sudamina, which are 
 perhaps the universal accompaniments of sweat- 
 ing, and are consequently a variety of miliaria. 
 The common continued fever or synochus of 
 Great Britain, and of this country, has been pre- 
 sumed by some to be this variety : but farther 
 observations are needed to establish the distinc- 
 tions which have been attempted ; and there is 
 reason to believe, that the abdominal affection is 
 a complication, existing in certain cases and epi- 
 demics of adjmamic fever, and not in others. The 
 Hed Tongue Fever of Kentucky is considered by 
 Professor Bartlett to be typhoid fever. 
 
 Certain modern French writers have considered 
 the Typhus of the European continent, Typthus 
 of Europe, Peste d' Europe, pestilential fever, con- 
 tagious typihus, Hungary fever, Hospital fever, 
 camp fever, jail fever, lenticidar p)etechial fever, 
 &c., to be identical with the typhoid affection. 
 They admit but one fever on the European con- 
 tinent — the typhoid. Typhus, they maintain — 
 but by no means establish the position — to be 
 peculiar to England. 
 
 TvPHUs Aedoiiinalis, see Typhus — t. d'Ame- 
 
 riane, Fever, yellow — t. Anthracicus, Plague — t. 
 Anthropophthoracus, Typhus — t. Aphthoideus, 
 Aphthaa — t. Bellicus, Typhus — t. Bengalensis, 
 Cholera — t. Bubonicus, Plague — t. Carcorum, 
 Typhus gravior — t. Castrensis, Typhus gravior — 
 t. Comatosus, Typhus mitior — t. Communis, Ty- 
 phus — t. Contogieux, Typhus — t. Contagious, 
 Typhus — t. Contagiosus exanthematicus. Typhus 
 — t. d'Europjc, Typhus — t. of Europe, see Typhus 
 
 — t. Exanthematicus, Typhus — t. Ganglionaris 
 abdominalis, see Typhus — t. Gravissimus, Plague 
 — t. Hibernicus, T. gravior — t. leterodes. Fever, 
 yellow — t. Jaune, Fever, yellow — t. Intestinalis, 
 see Typhus — t. 3Iiasmatiqve ataxique pjutride 
 jaune, Fever, yellow — t. Morbillosus, Rubeola — 
 t. Nervosus, Typhus mitior — t. Nostras, Typhus 
 — t. d' Orient, Plague — t. Pestilentialis, Plague — 
 t. Pestis, Plague — t. Petechialis, Tj'phus gravior 
 
 — t. Puerpieral, see Peritonitis — t. Scarlatinus, 
 Scarlatina — t. Simplex, Typhus mitior — t. Spora- 
 dieus, see Typhus — t. Tropicus, Fever, yellow — 
 t. True, Typhus — t. Vesicularis, Pemphigus. 
 
 TYP'IC, Typ'ical, Typ'icum, (P.) Typique. 
 Same etymon as Type. Characterized by peri- 
 odicity, — as a 'ty2neal fever;' or one which ob- 
 serves a particular type. 
 
 TYPOSES, see Periodicity. 
 
 TYPUS, Type. 
 
 TYRANNUS, see Critical days. 
 
 TYRBASIA, Agitation. 
 
 TYRBE, Agitation. 
 
 TYREM'ESIS, Tyrotem' esis, from rvpo;, 
 ' cheese,' and tueci;, ' vomiting ;' Tyro' sis, Ty- 
 reu'sis. Vomiting of curdy matter, in infants 
 especially. 
 
 TYREUSIS, Tyremesis, Tyrosis. 
 
 TYRIA, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 TYRIASIS, Elephantiasis Arabica. 
 
 TYRODES, Cheesy. 
 
 TYROMA, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 TYROS, Cheese. 
 
 TYROSIS, Tyremesis. Also, the curdling of 
 milk in the stomach ; Tyreu'sis. 
 
 TYROTEMESIS, Tyremesis. 
 
 u. 
 
 UBERIS APEX, Papilla. 
 
 TJLA, Gingivae. 
 
 ULATROPH'IA, from ov\ov, 'the gum,' and 
 atrophia, atrophy. Shrinking of the gums ; fall- 
 ing away of the gnims. 
 
 ULCEPi., Ulcus, (diminutive Ulcus' cidum,) Hel- 
 cos, Eleo'sis, Elco'ma, Helens, Helco'ma, a Sore, 
 (F.) Ulcere. A solution of continuity in the soft 
 parts, of longer or shorter standing, and kept up 
 by some local disease or constitutional cause. 
 Richerand makes four great distinctions between 
 it wound and an ulcer. 1. A wound arises from 
 the action of an extraneous body: — the cause of 
 'm ulcer is inherent in the economy. 2. A wound 
 is always idiopathic : — an ulcer is always symp- 
 tomatic. 3. A wound has essential!}' a tendency 
 to heal, because the action of its cause has been 
 momentary: — an ulcer, on the contrary, has a 
 tendency to enlarge, because its cause persists. 
 4. The treatment of a wouad is purely surgical ; 
 that of an ulcer in meJical as well. The imme- 
 diate cause of an ulcer is an augmented action of 
 the absorbents; and a specific action of the small 
 vessels, which secrete pus from the blood. Ulcers 
 have been variously divided, according to their 
 nature; — into simple, sinuous, fistulous, fungous, 
 
 gangrenous, scorTiuttc, syphilitic, cancerous, inve- 
 terate, scrofulous, phagedenic, virulent, cacoethio, 
 sordid, carious, varicose, &c. The treatment 
 consists in removing, by appropriate means, the 
 internal and the local causes which keep up the 
 ulceration, and in exciting the vessels of the part, 
 where necessary, by appropriate bandaging, &c. 
 
 Ulcer, Malignant, Hospital gangrene — u. 
 Putrid, Hospital gangrene. 
 
 ULCERA INTESTINALIA, Gastrelcosis— ii. 
 Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea — u. Serpentia oris, 
 Aphtha} — u. Uteri, see Metrophthisis — u. Ventri- 
 culi, Gastrelcosis — u. VesicfE, Cystophthisis. 
 
 UL'CERATED, Ulcera'tus, Exulcera'tus, Hel- 
 co'des, (F.) Ulcere. In the state of an ulcer- 
 Affected with ulcers. 
 
 ULCERATIO INTESTINALIS, Enterelcosi* 
 — u. Vcntriculi, Gastrelcosis. 
 
 ULCERA'TION, Ulccra'tio, E.rulcerafio, Pyo. 
 (jen'ia corrosi'va, A superficial ulcer. The form- 
 ation of an ulcer — Exeleo'sis, Eleo'sis, and Hcl- 
 co'sis. 
 
 UL CERE, Ulcer — u. du Larynx, Phthisis la- 
 ryngea. 
 
 UL'CEROUS, Ulcero'aus, Hclco'des, Helcndes, 
 
ULCERS 
 
 881 
 
 UMBILICUS 
 
 Having the character of an ulcer. Affected with 
 ulcers. 
 
 ULCERS, EGYPTIAN, iEgyptia ulcera. 
 
 ULCUS, Ulcer — u. Atonicum, Rupia — u. Ca- 
 coethes, see Cacoethes — u. Cancrosum, Cancer, 
 Chancre — u. Daeryodes, see Dacryodes — u. De- 
 pascens, Phagedenic ulcer — u. Ferinum, Phage- 
 denic ulcer — u. Fistulosum, Hypophora — u. Hy- 
 pulum, see Hypulus — u. Narium foetens, Ozsena 
 — u. Obambulans, Phagedenic ulcer — u. Pulmo- 
 num, Phthisis pulmonalis — u. Sinuosum, Hypo- 
 phora — u. Syriacum, Cynanche maligna — u. Te- 
 lephium, Telephium — u. Tubereulosum, Lupus — 
 u. Uteri, Ilysterelcosis, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 ULCUSCULA PRiEPUTII, Herpes pr^putii. 
 
 ULCUSCULUM, Ulcer — u. Cancrosum, 
 Chancre. 
 
 ULE, Cicatrix. 
 
 ULETICUS, Gingivalis. 
 
 ULICUS, Gingivalis. 
 
 ULI'TIS, from ov\og, 'solid,' ((rap^ ov'Sij, 'solid 
 flesh:') hence, ovXov, 'the gum.' Inflamma'tio 
 gingi'vcB, Periodonti'tia gingiva' rum, (F.) Gengi- 
 vite, Infiammatiiin des genr-ives, from ovXov, 'the 
 gum,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the gums. 
 
 Ulitis Septica, Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 ULLUCO, Tropseolum tuberosum. 
 
 UL3[AIRE, Spirsea ulmaria. 
 
 ULMARIA, Spirsea ulmaria — u. Palustris, 
 Spirasa ulmaria. 
 
 ULMUS, U. campes'tris sen glabra seu mon- 
 ta'na seu nuda seu sati'va seu scabra, Ptelea, 
 Common Ebn, (F.) Orme. Family, Amentaeea3. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The inner, rough 
 hark of this tree is inodorous ; and has a bitter, 
 austere, and mucilaginous taste. It is considered 
 tonic, alterative, and diuretic ; and has been used, 
 chiefly, in lepra and other cutaneous afiTections. 
 
 Ulsius Ala'ta, Lynn Wahoo. The bark of 
 the root has been used successfully as a cata- 
 plasm in phlegmonous inflammation. 
 
 Ulmus America'na, U. fuh-a. Rough-leaved 
 Elm, Bed Elm, Slippery Elm. The inner bark is 
 highly mucilaginous, and is used in coughs, diar- 
 rhoeas, and dysenteries ; also, as a poultice for 
 tumours ; lacerated and contused wounds, &g. 
 
 Ulmus Campestris, Ulmus — u. Fulva, U. Ame- 
 ricana — u. Glabra, Ulmus — u. Montana, Ulmus — 
 u. Nuda, Ulmus — u. Sativa, Ulmus — u. Scabra, 
 Ulmus. 
 
 ULNA, O'lene, FooJ'ile inferius seu majiis, 
 Sunna Bra'cJtii, Os cu'biti inferius, O-i procubi- 
 ia'le, Cn'bitus, Cubit, Arun'do bra'chii major. 
 Anatomists have given this name to the bone of 
 the forearm which forms the prominence of the 
 elbow, during the flexion of that joint. It is the 
 longer and larger of the two bones, and is in- 
 serted at the inner side. Its upper and larger 
 extremity has, behind, a considerable process, 
 called olecranon ; and, before, a smaller one, 
 called coronoid. .These two eminences are sepa- 
 rated from each other by the greater sigmoid or 
 semilunar fossa or olec'ranoid cavity, which re- 
 ceives the articular trochlea of the humerus. 
 The tubercle of the ulna is a small, rough spot, 
 under the root of the coronoid process, for the 
 insertion of the BraeTiialis internns. On the out- 
 side of this extremity of the bone is the lesser 
 sigmoid cavity. It is articulated with the head 
 of the radius. The inferior extremity of the 
 cubitus, which is much smaller than the supe- 
 rior, and articulated with the radius, has a sur- 
 face that corresponds to the fibro-cartilage which 
 separates it from the os cuneiforme; and a pointed 
 process, called styloid. The body of the ulna is 
 manifestly triangular. It is articulated with the 
 OS humeri and radius, and, mediately, with the 
 56 
 
 OS cuneiforme. It is developed by three points 
 of ossification. 
 
 Also, the elbow. 
 
 ULNAD, see Ulnar aspect. 
 
 ULNAR, Cubital. 
 
 Ulnar Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
 on which the ulna is situated. — Barclay. Ulnad 
 is used adverbially by the same writer, to signify 
 'towards the ulnar aspect.' 
 
 ULNARIS, Cubital— u. Externus, see Cubital 
 muscles — u. Gracilis, Palmaris longus — u. Inter- 
 nus, see Cubital muscles. 
 
 ULOCACE, Cancer aquaticus, Stomacace. 
 
 ULON'CUS, from ovKov, 'the gum,' and oyKos, 
 'tumour.' Swelling of the gums ,• epulis. 
 
 ULORRHAG"IA, Stomatorrhag"ia, Hmmor- 
 rTiag"ia gingivarum, Ulorrhoe'a, from oiAoi', 'the 
 gum,' and priyvvju, 'I break forth.' Bleeding 
 from the gums. 
 
 ULORRH(EA, Ulorrhagia. 
 
 ULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 UL'TIMI-STERNAL. Professor Beclard has 
 given this appellation to the sixth or last bony 
 portion of the sternum. He calls it also Ensi- 
 sternal. 
 
 UL'TIMUM MO'RIENS, 'last dying.' A 
 term given to the part of the economy which dies 
 last. 
 
 ULVA CRISPA, Fucus crispus. 
 
 UMBIL, YELLOW, Cypripedium luteum, 
 
 UMBILIC, Umbilical, Umbilicus. 
 
 UMBIL'ICAL, Um'bilic, Umbilica'lis, UmbiU- 
 ca'tus, from itmbilicus, 'the navel.' That which 
 belongs or relates to the navel. 
 
 Umbilical Arteries, which exist only in the 
 foetus, seem, as it were, continuations of the pri- 
 mitive iliacs. They clear the umbilical ring, and 
 proceed to the placenta, to which they carry the 
 residuum of the blood sent to the foetus by the 
 umbilical vein. As soon as respiration is esta- 
 blished, the blood ceases to pass by the umbilical 
 arteries, which become obliterated, as well as the 
 vein, and are transformed into two very strong 
 ligamentous cords, — the vein forming the Liga- 
 nien'tum rotun'duin of the liver. 
 
 Umbilical Cord, Funiculus umbilicalis. 
 
 Umbilical Region, Re'gio timbilica'Hs, Meso- 
 gas'trium Re'gio gas'trica seu Mesogastrica, (F.) 
 Region ombilicale, is the middle region of the ab- 
 domen, in which the umbilicus is placed. The 
 sides of this are called the flanks or lumbar re- 
 gions. In the umbilical region are the omentum 
 majus; the inferior extremity of the duodenum 5 
 the jejunum; and the greater part of the mesen- 
 tery; the aorta; vena cava; the trunks of the 
 renal arteries and veins; the origin of the sper- 
 matic arteries, <tc. 
 
 Umbilical Ring, An'nulua vmbilica'lis, (F.) 
 Anneau ombilical, is a fibrous ring which sur- 
 rounds the aperture of the umbilicus, and through 
 which umbilical hernia occurs in children. 
 
 Umbilical Vesicle, Vesicula umbilicalis. 
 
 Umbilical Vessels, (F.) Vaisseaux ombili- 
 caux, include the two arteries, and umbilical 
 vein. The umbilical vein arises from the pla- 
 centa, and terminates at the fissure on the infe- 
 rior surface of the liver of the foetus, to which it 
 conveys the blood necessary for its nutrition. 
 
 UMBILICALIS, Umbilical. 
 
 UMBILICATUS, Umbilical. 
 
 UMBILI'CUS, Umbo, Oni'i^halos, Umbili'cum, 
 Radix ventris, Mesompha'lium, Mesom'phalum, 
 Protme'sis, [navel of a neiv-born child;) the «m- 
 bilic, the navel; from vmbo, 'the button or pro- 
 minence in the midst of a buckler,' or from vfk~ 
 (paXog, or rather optpaXos, which signifies the same, 
 as well as the navel; (F.) Ombilic, Nombril J^ 
 
UMBO 
 
 882 
 
 UNGUENTUM 
 
 round cicatrix, about the median line of the ab- 
 domen. It is in the situation of an aperture, 
 ■which, in the fostus, affords passage to the ves- 
 sels of the umbilical cord. 
 
 Umbilicus Mari'nus, Cotyle'don marina, An- 
 clro'snce, Acetab'uluvi marinum, Andro'sace Mat- 
 thi'oli, Fungus petrce'iis marinus. A submarine 
 production, found on the rocks and the shells of 
 fishes, in the south of France. It is reputed to 
 be anthelmintic and diuretic. 
 
 UMBO, Elbow, Umbilicus. 
 
 UMBRELLA TREE, Magnolia tripetala. 
 
 TJ 31 S C H L A G, see Compress. 
 
 UNBOWELING, Exenterismus. 
 
 UNCARIA GAMBIR, Nauclea Gambir, 
 
 UNCAS, INDIAN, Veratrum viride. 
 
 UNCIA, Ounce. 
 
 UN'CIFORM, Uncifor'mia, Vnchia'tus, from 
 i«(c!(s, ' a hook,' and/o;'TOa, ' shape.' That which 
 has the shape of a hook. 
 
 Unciform Bone, Os unciform'e, Os hama'tum, 
 Os uncina'tiim, (F.) Os crochu. The fourth bone 
 of the second row of the carpus. Its shape is 
 very irregular. Inwards and forwards, it has a 
 considerable eminence, which is curved upon 
 itself, and gives attachment to the annular liga- 
 ment of the carpus. It is articulated with the 
 OS semilunare, os magnum, os cuneiforme, and 
 the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones. It is de- 
 veloped from a single point of ossification. 
 
 Unciform Eminence, Hippocampus minor. 
 
 UNCINATUS, Unciform. 
 
 UNCINUS, Hook. _ 
 
 UNCTION, Inunction, Unguentum, Unguen- 
 tum hydrargyri. 
 
 UNCUS, Hook. 
 
 UNDBRCLIFF, ISLE OF WIGHT, ENG- 
 LAND, (CLIMATE OF.) The Undercliff com- 
 prehends a tract of country from Dunnose to St. 
 Catherine's Hill, on the southeast coast, about six 
 miles in length, and from a quarter to half a mile 
 in breadth. It is well protected from the colder 
 winds ; and the climate is remarkably equable, 
 as well as mild and dry, so that there are not 
 many days during the winter in which the inva- 
 lid cannot take some exercise in the open air. 
 It is an excellent climate for the pulmonary va- 
 letudinarian. 
 
 UNDIM'IA. A name given, by Paracelsus, 
 to a tumour, filled with a gelatinous matter, like 
 the white of an egg. 
 
 UNDOSUS, Cymatodes. 
 
 UNDULATIO, Fluctuation. 
 
 UNEDO, Arbutus unedo — u. Papyracea, Ar- 
 butus unedo. 
 
 UNGUEAL MATRIX, see Nail. 
 
 UNGUEN, Unguentum — u. Articulare, Sy- 
 Iiovia. 
 
 UNGUENT, ARMATORY, Hoplochrysma. 
 
 UNGUENTARIA, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 UNGUENTA'RIUS, Myropai'us, Myrep'sus, 
 Myropo'les, Myropo'lus, Pir/menta'n'us; from un- 
 ffuen'tum, ' an ointment.' One who makes and 
 sells ointments. A perfumer. 
 
 UNGUEN'TUM, Unguen, Myron, Unction, 
 CS.) Onguent, from vngere, 'to anoint.' Oint- 
 ment. Ointments are topical applications, of a 
 consistence more or less analogous to that of 
 lard. They are used, chiefly, as local applica- 
 tions to ulcers and wounds; but are sometimes 
 -ubbed upon a part in cutaneous affections j and, 
 fspecially, where it is desired that the constitu- 
 ents of the ointment should be absorbed. Oint- 
 iticnts are of less consistence than cerates, al- 
 though the terms are often used indiscriminately. 
 
 Unguen'tum Ac"idi Nitro'si, Ointment of N^i- 
 tronn Acid, Poma'tum veJ Unguen'tnm Nl'triciim 
 \el Ojiygena'tum, (F.) Pommade oxygcnce, Graitsse 
 
 oxygenic, Pommade d'Alyon. (Adip. snillm, R)j ; 
 acid, nitros. ^vj. Melt the fat, and rub in tho 
 acid gradually, till cold. Ph. E.) Stimulant. 
 Used in itch and other cutaneous eruptions, and 
 in foul ulcers. 
 
 Unguentum Adipocer^ Cetorum, Ceratum 
 cetacei — u. ^gyptiacum, Linimentum teruginis — 
 u. jSilgyptium album, Crinomyron — u. Album, 
 Unguentum cetacei — u. Album Resolvens, Lini- 
 mentum ammonias fortius. 
 
 Unguentum de Alth^eA, Harsh mal'low Oint- 
 ment, U. de Terebin'thind et cera, Cera'tum de 
 Althasd, Emplas'trum mucilagino'sum, E. emoV- 
 liens, E. cit'rinum, E. flavtim, E. de Althad, Un- 
 guentum fiavum, U. CU'rinuin, U. resi'nas jiitii syl- 
 ves'tris compos'itum seu resumptivum seu lenit.i'- 
 vum,(E.) Onguent de guimauve, 0. d'alihea. {Olei 
 de mucilaginibua, 1000 p., ce'>-(E flavcB, 250 p., re- 
 sincB terebinthin., aa. 125 p. Liquefy ; strain and 
 stir till cold. Ph. P.) Common Olive Oil might 
 be substituted for the Oil of Mucilages. 
 
 Unguentum Amygdalinum, Ceratum Galeni. 
 
 Unguentum Antimo'nii, U. A. Tariariza'ti, U. 
 A. J'otassio-tar'tratis, U. tar'tari emet'iei, Oint- 
 ment of tar'tarized an'timony. (Antimon. et po- 
 tass, tartrat. in pulv. subtiliss. ^ij, adipjis. ^j.) 
 If a drachm of this ointment be rubbed upon any 
 part, night and morning, it will excite, in a few 
 days, a painful pustular eruption. Hence, it is 
 employed as a counter-irritant. This preparation 
 is also called Ung. Tar'tari stibia'ti seu emet'iei, 
 Ung. e Tar'taro stibia'to, Adep>s Tartare siibii 
 medica'tus, Ung. Tar'tratis Potass' a stibia'ti, (F.) 
 Pommade d'Autenrieth, Pommade stibiSe. 
 
 Unguentum Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, 
 Unguentum antimonii — u. Antimonii tartarizati, 
 U. antimonii — u. Antipernium, see Antipernius. 
 
 Unguentum Aqu^ Rosje, Ointment of Pose 
 water. Cold Cream. (Aq. Rosce, f ^ j ; ol. amygdal. 
 f^ij; cetacei, §ss; cercB alba, ^j- Melt together, 
 in a water-bath, the oil, spermaceti, and wax ; 
 then add the rose-water, and stir until it is cold. 
 Ph. U. S.) Cooling to irritated surfaces. 
 
 Unguentum Armarium, Hoplochrysma — u. 
 Arthanitse, see Arthanita — u. Articulare, Sj'novia 
 — u. Basilicon fiavum, Ceratum resinae- — u. Basi- 
 licon nigrum, Unguentum resinse nigrse — u. Ba- 
 silicum viride, Unguentum subacetatis cupri. 
 
 Unguentum Belladon'nje, Ointment of Bel- 
 ladonna. {^Ext. belladonna: 3J j adipia ^j ; M. 
 Ph. U. S.) An anodyne application to irrita,ble 
 ulcers, &c. 
 
 Unguentum Cantharidis, Unguentum lytta?. 
 
 Unguen'tum CeRjE {albas velflavfg), Wax Oint- 
 ment, Unguentum simplex, [Ph. U. S.) Linimen'- 
 tum simplex. Oil and Bees' Wax, (F.) Ongiient de 
 cire. {Cera Ibj, adiiois Ibiv, Ph. U. S. or — cera 
 ^ij, ol. oliv. ,^v.) Emollient. A mild dressing. 
 Also, the basis of most of the compound oint^ 
 ments. 
 
 Unguentum Ceratum, Ceratum Galeni — u. 
 Ceruss^, Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi, Ungu- 
 entum plumbi subcarbonatis — u. Cerussai ace- 
 tata3, Ceratum plumbi superacetatis, U. plumbi 
 superacetatis — u. Citrinum, U. de althaea, U. hy- 
 drargyri nitratis. 
 
 Unguentum Ceta'cei, Unguentum Sj)er'matiB 
 Ceti, U. album, Linimen.'tum album, Spermace'ti 
 ointment, (F.) Onguent de blanc de haleine. {Ce- 
 tacei ,^vj, cera alba ^vi, ol. oliv. f^iij. Ph. L.) 
 The ordinary dressing for blisters and excoria- 
 tions. 
 
 Unguen'tum Creaso'tt, Ointment of Cre'asote. 
 {Creasot. f ^ss ; adipis, §j. Add the creasote to 
 the bird previously melted with a moderate heat, 
 and stir constantly till cold. Ph. U. S.) Used 
 iu chronic cutaneous affections. 
 
UNGUENTUM 
 
 883 
 
 UNGUENTUM 
 
 UNGUENTunr CtJPEi SuBACETATis, TJnguentum 
 subacetatis cupri. 
 
 Unguentum Digesti'vum Simplex, C. Tere- 
 bin'thiiia et ovo'rum vitel'li, Simple dic/estive oint- 
 ment, (P.) Onguent digestif simpte. (TerehintJiin. 
 pur. 64 p. Vitell. ovoi: No. 2, vel 32 p. Mix, for 
 a long time, in a glass mortar, and add, gradually, 
 enough of the Oil of Hyp>ericum (3Iillepertuis) to 
 make a soft ointment. Fh. P.) Detergent. It 
 may be rendered more so by adding a little of the 
 Acetate of copi^er. 
 
 Unguentum Elemi, Balsam of Arcceus, TJngu- 
 entum elemi compositum. 
 
 Unguentum El'emi Compos'itum, Linimen'tum 
 Area' i, Unguentum e gummi elemi, Ung. de Tere- 
 hin'thind et adip'ibus, U. elemi, Ointment of Elemi, 
 (F.) Baume d'Arceus. (Elemi Ibj, terebinthinm 
 vulgaris ^x, sevi praiparati Ibij, oUvcb olei f^ij. 
 Melt the elemi with the suet; remove it from the 
 fire; and mix in the turpentine and oil. Strain 
 the mixture through a linen cloth. Ph. L.) Sti- 
 mulant and digestive. To keep open issues, &c. 
 
 Unguentum Epispas'ticum de Daphne Gni- 
 mo, Adeps Cor'tiee daphnes gnidii medica'tus, 
 (F.) Pommade de Garou. (Adip. prcBpar, 320 p., 
 cercB, 32 p., cort. daphn. gnid. 128 p. Melt the 
 fat and wax; and add the bark softened in water. 
 Boil until the water is evaporated ; then pass 
 through cloth. Ph. P.) To keep open blisters, 
 issues, &c. See Unguentum Mezerei. 
 
 Unguentum Epispasticum Fortius, Cerate of 
 cantharides — u. Epispasticum mitius, Unguentum 
 lyttse — u. Epispasticum viride, Ungueatum lytt£e 
 medicatum — u. Flavum, Unguentum de althaea — 
 u. e Gummi elemi, Unguentum compositum — u. 
 Hellebori albi, Unguentum veratri. 
 
 Unguentum Gall^, Ointment of Galls, [Gallm 
 in pulv. 5J; adipis. §vij. M. Ph. U. S.) As an 
 astringent in piles, indolent ulcers, &e. 
 
 Unguen'tum Hydrar'gyei, U. cceru'leum, TJ. 
 Neapolita'num, Blue ointment, Cera'tum mercu- 
 ria'le, Adeps Hydrar'gyro medica'tus, Ifercurial 
 Ointment, Unction, (F.) Onguent mercuriel ou Na- 
 politain. 
 
 The Strong Mercurial Ointmeiit, Unguentum Hy- 
 drargyri fortius of the London Pharmacopoeia, 
 Unguen'tum Hydrar'gyri (Ph. U. S.), is thus made 
 — Uydrarg. H)ij, adipis ^xxiij, sevi ^j. Rub till 
 the globules entirely disappear. 
 
 The Milder Mercurial Ointment, — Unguentum 
 Hydrargyri Mitius, — is made by adding, to one 
 pound of the strong, two pounds of lard. 
 
 Mercurial ointment is antisyphilitic and discu- 
 tient. It is rubbed on the inside of the thigh, in 
 venereal affections; especially in those cases where 
 mercury, given internally, runs off by the bowels. 
 The stronger ointment is used for this purpose. 
 The weaker is employed as a dressing, or as an 
 application to cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati, Ungu- 
 entum hj'drargyri prsecipitati albi — u. Hydrar- 
 gyri Calais albee, Unguentum hj'drargyri prsecipi- 
 tati albi — u. Hydrargyri compositum, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri nitratis — u. Hydrargyri deutoxydi ni- 
 trati, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — u. ex 
 Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum, Unguentum 
 oxydi hydrargyri cinereum. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitra'tis, U. H. 
 nitrati, U. supernitra'tis hydrargyri, Ointment of 
 Nitrate of Mer'cury, Citrine Ointment, Bal'samum 
 mercuria'le, Ung. hydrar'gyri compos'itum, U. 
 mercuriale cit'rinum, Adejis nitra'te hydrargyri 
 medica'tus, Unguentum citrinum ad scabiem, (F.) 
 Onguent de nitrate de mercure, 0. citrin contre la 
 gale. {Hydrarg. zj, acid, nitric, f ^xiv, olei hu- 
 bidi f^^ix, adipis giij. Dissolve the mercury in 
 the acid ; and, while hot^ add the oil and melted 
 lard. Ph. U. S. 
 
 A milder ointment, — Ung. Nitratis Hydrargyri 
 mitius, — is made with triple the quantity of oil 
 and lard. It is stimulant and detergent, and is 
 much used as an application to herpes, porrigo, 
 and cutaneous eruptions. The weaker ointment 
 is sometimes used in ophthalmia tarsi, Ac. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Ni'teico-ox'ydi, 
 Ung. subnitra'tis hydrargyri, Ung. Oxydi Hy 
 drargyri rubri, U. H. oxidi rubri [Ph. U. S.), 
 Ointment of Nitric Oxyd of Mercury, BaV snmum, 
 ophthaV micum ridjrum, Unguentum dentox'ydi hy- 
 drarg. nitrati. Red Precip'itate Ointment, Golden 
 Ointment, Singleton's Eye Salve, U. Hydrargyri 
 ruhri, U. ex tlydrargyro oxyda'to rvbro, U. mer- 
 curii ruhriun, U. ophthal'micum rubrum, U. subni- 
 tra'tis hydrargyr'ici. (Hydrarg. oxid. rubr. ia 
 pulv. subtiliss. ^} ; Ung. simpl. ^j. Add the 
 oxyd, reduced to a fine power, to the melted 
 ointment. Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and escharotie. 
 Applied to foul ulcers, to inflammation of the 
 tarsi, ifcc. &e. 
 
 Belleville's Cerate, which has been long used 
 in cases of scalled head, and of chronic cutaneous 
 diseases in general, is made as follows : — Plumbi 
 acet.^j; hydrarg. oxid. rubr. ^ss : hyd. chlorid, 
 mit. ^ij; ceres albm ,^iv; ol. oliv. ^vj. Melt the 
 last two, and add the others in fine powder. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri, Un- 
 guentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — u. ex Hy- 
 drargyro oxydato rubro, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 nitrico-oxydi — u. Hydrargyri oxydi rubri, Ungu- 
 entum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri PrjECipita'ti Albi, 
 U. Hydrar'gyri ammonia'ti, (Ph. U. S.), U. sub- 
 muria'tis hydrargyri ammonia'ti, Unguentum ad 
 scabiem ZeUeri, U. mercuria'le album, U. mun- 
 dif 'icons Zelleri, Ointment of tohite pi-ecipitate, 
 Ung. e mercu'rio prmcipita'to, Ung. calcis hydrar- 
 gyri albce. (Hyd. aynmon. ^j, ung. si7nj)l. ,^iss. 
 Melt the fat, and add the precipitate.) Detergent. 
 Used in cutaneous eruptions, to destroy vermin, 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Rubri, U. Hydrar- 
 gyri nitrico-oxydi — u. Hydrargyri submuriatis 
 ammoniati, U. Hydrargyri prEecipitati albi — u. 
 Hydrargyrici subnitratis, U. hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydi — u. Hydrargyri subnitratis, U. hydrargyri 
 nitrico-oxydi — u. Hydrargyri supernitratis, U. 
 hydrargj'ri nitratis — u. Infusi meloes vesicatorii, 
 U. lyttce — u. Irritans, U. lyttte. 
 
 Unguen'tum Io'dini, U. lodin'ii. Ointment of 
 Iodine. (lodin. ^j ; Potass, iodid, gr. iv ; Aquce 
 ITI^vi; Adi2}is. ^j. Rub the iodine and iodide first 
 with the water until liquified, and then with the 
 lard until mixed. Ph. U. S.) Used as a local 
 application to goitrous and other swellings. 
 
 Unguentum Io'dini Compos'itum, U. lodin'ii 
 comjjositum, Compotmd Ointment of Iodine. (lodin. 
 ^ss; Putassii iodid. ^j ; Alcohol, i^y, adipis ^'}j. 
 Rub the iodine and iodide first with the alcohol 
 and then with the lard until they are well mixed. 
 Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Ungitentum Lau'rinum, O'leum lau'rinvm, 
 Adeps lauro-medica'tus. Bay Ointment, (F.) On- 
 guent ou Huil.e de laurier. (Fol. laiiri, 500 p., 
 adi]}. suillcs, 1000 p. Bruise in a marble mortar; 
 evaporate all humidity by boiling; and add Bay 
 berries, in powder, 500 p. Digest and passi 
 through linen. Ph. P.) Reputed to be corro- 
 borant and nervine. It is simply emollient. 
 
 Unguentum Lenitivum, U. de althaea — u. Li- 
 liaeeum, Crinomyron. 
 
 Unguentum Lytt^, Ung. canthar'idis, U. re-c 
 sicato'rium, U. irri'tans, U. ad vesica'ta. Blister- 
 ing Salve, Ung. infu'si mel'oes vesicato'rii, Oi7it~ 
 ment of Spanish Flies, Ointment of Infusion of 
 Spanish Flies, Unguentum epispas'tictnn mit"iua, 
 ililder blistering Ointment. (Cantharid, in paly. 
 
UNGUENTUM 
 
 8S4 
 
 UXaUENTUM 
 
 §ij,: aquas deetillat. Oss; cerat. resin, ^v^iij. Boil 
 down the water with the Spanish flies to one-half, 
 and strain; then mix the cerate with the strained 
 liqnor, and evaporate to the proper consistence. 
 Ph. U. S.) It is stimulant and epispastic; and 
 Is chiefly used for keeping up the discharge from 
 a blistered surface. 
 
 UxGDESTUJi Lytt^ Medica'tuji, Adejis can- 
 tharid'ihus medica'tus, Poma'tiim seu Unyuentum 
 epispas'ticum vir'ide stim'ulans ac'ribus, Green 
 ilin'tering Ointment, (F.) Pommade epiajiastique 
 verte. [Pomati vel unguenti cantharid. 64 p., 
 tinguent. populei 168 p., cereB albcB 256 p., ciqjri 
 acetat., ext. opii, aa 24 p. Melt the unguentum 
 populeum, and wax, and add, as they cool, the 
 oxyd of copper, cantharides, and opium. Ph. P.) 
 Use, same as the last. 
 
 Unguentum Lytt^ Medic a'tum A'liud, 
 Adepts cantharid' ibus medica'tus alius, Potna'tum 
 epispas'ticum Jiavnm. et init"iua, Yellow Blister- 
 ing Ointment, (F.) Pommade epispastique jaune. 
 (Pulv. cantharid. 120 p., adip. prcep. 1680 p., 
 aqvce 250 p. Melt the lard; mix the cantharides, 
 and add the water at the same time; place the 
 whole on a gentle fire: stir continually for two 
 hours, and add a little water to replace that which 
 has been evaporated. Pass through linen and 
 strain. Keep it in a water-bath, and add pow- 
 dered turmeric, 8 p. Let it cool till the super- 
 fluous liquid separates ; pour off and add yellow 
 wax, 250 p.. Oil of Lemon, 8 p. Ph. P.) A com- 
 plex preparation. Use, same as the last. 
 
 An ointment, not very philosophically com- 
 Llned, was used by Dr. Physick, which is known 
 by the name of "Br. Physick's Issue Ointment." 
 It is made by boiling half an ounce of powdered 
 cantharides in two ounces oi rose-irater, and eva- 
 porating until one-half of the fluid is driven off, 
 having jireviously added 15 grains of tartar emetic. 
 The decoction is to be strained, and three ounces 
 of olive oil, an ounce and a half of white wax, and 
 one ounce of spermaceti added to it, and the mix- 
 ture then boiled till all the water is evaporated. 
 
 Unguentum Melanicum Causticum, Causti- 
 cum JEthiopicum. 
 
 Unguentum Mercuriale Album, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri praecipitati albi — u. Mercuriale eitri- 
 num, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis — u. e Mei- 
 curio prsecipitato, Unguentum hydrargyri prse- 
 eipitati albi — u. Mercurii rubrum, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri nitrieo-osydi — u. Mundificans Zelleri, 
 Unguentum hydrargyri praecipitati albi. 
 
 Unguentum Mez'erei, Ointment of Ifezereon. 
 {Mezer. incis. transversim, ,fiv; adijns, §xiv; 
 eercB albm, ^ij ; moisten the mezereon with a 
 little alcohol, and beat in an iron mortar, until 
 reduced to a fibrous mass; then digest it with 
 the lard, in a salt-water bath, for 12 hours; strain 
 forcibly, and allow the strained liquor to cool 
 slowly, so that any undissolved matters may 
 subside; from these separate the medicated lard; 
 melt it with the wax at a moderate heat, and stir 
 constantly till they are cold. Ph. U. S.) To 
 keep open blisters, issues, <fee. 
 
 Unguentum Muria'tis HyDRARGYRi Oxyge- 
 NA'to MebiCA'tum, Adeps muria'te hydrargyri 
 oxygenate medicatns, Cyrillo's Ointment, { F. ) 
 Pommade de Cyrillo. (^Hydrar. oi-ymiir. 4 p. ; 
 adipis suillcB prcep. 32 p. — Ph. P.) Antivenereal 
 and alterative. Used in friction, ^ss at a time. 
 
 Unguentum Nardinum, see Nardus Indica — 
 u. Xeapolitanum, Unguentum hydrargyri — u. 
 Nervinum, Unguentum Sambuci — u. Nitricum 
 vel oxygenatum, Unguentum acidi nitrosi. 
 
 Unguentum Ophthal'micum, Adeps ox'ido hy- 
 drargyri rubro et plumbi aceta'te medica'tus, lie- 
 gent's Pommade ophthalmique, (F.) Pommade oph- 
 thalmigne. (Jiutyr. recent., aq, roaar. lavat. 4J p.; 
 
 campiTior., oxyd. hydrarg. rubr., acetatia phimhi, 
 aa 0.25 p. Mix intimately. — Ph. P.) In chronio 
 inflammation of the conjunctiva or tarsi. 
 
 Unguentusi Ophthalmicum, Unguentum oxidj 
 zinci impuri — u. Ophthalmicum rubrum, Unguen- 
 tum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi. 
 
 Unguentum Ox'idi Hydrargyri Cine'rei, 
 Adeps seu Unguentum ex hydrargyro mit'iua dic' 
 turn cinereum, Ointment of gray oxide of mercury, 
 (F.) Onguent gris. {Oxyd. hydrarg. ciner. p. j ; 
 adipis auilli, p. iij. — Ph. E.) Properties like 
 the mercurial ointment. It is not much used. 
 
 Unguentum Ox'idi Plumbi Albi, Ung. cerus'- 
 aa, Ung. album, Ung. aubaceta' tis plumbi, Ointment 
 of white oxide of lead. White ointment. ( Ung. 
 simpilicis, p. v; oxyd. pAumb. alb. p. j. — Ph. E. 
 and P.) Cooling and desiccative. Applied to 
 excoriated and burnt surfaces. 
 
 Unguentum Oxidi Plumbi Carbonati, U. 
 Plumbi subcarbonatis — u. Oxidi zinci, Ungnien- 
 tum zinci. 
 
 Unguentum Ox'idi Zinci Impu'ei, Ungxientum 
 tu'ticB, Ung. op>hthal'inicuni, Eye-salve, Adeps ox'- 
 idi zinci medica'tus, Tutty ointment, Ointment of 
 impure oxide of zinc. [Linim. ainipl. p. v; oxyd, 
 zinc. imp. prwp. p. j. — Ph. E.) Generally used 
 in ophthalmia tarsi and atonic ophthalmia. 
 
 Unguentum Picis Liq'uid^e, Ung. Picis, Ung. 
 e Pice. Tar Ointment. (Picis liquid., sevi, sing. 
 Ibj. Melt, and stir tQl cold.) Stimulant and 
 detergent. Used in tinea capitis, and other cuta- 
 neous eruptions. 
 
 Unguentum Picis NiGRiE, Unguentum resinse 
 nigrse — u. Plumbi acetatis, Ceratum plumbi su- 
 peracetatis — u. Plumbi carbonatis, Unguentum 
 plumbi subcarbonatis — u. Plumbi oxydi carbo- 
 nati, Unguentum plumbi subcarbonatis — u. 
 Plumbi subacetatis, Unguentum oxidi plumbi 
 albi — u. Plumbici carbonatis, Unguentum plumbi 
 subcarbonatis. 
 
 Unguentum Plumbi Subcarbona'tis, U. plum- 
 bi carbona'tis, Cera'ium de cerus'sd, Ung. album, 
 U. album simpilex, U. carbona'tis plumbici, U.ce- 
 rua'sa, U. oxidi plumbi carbona'ti, (F.) Onguent 
 blanc de Phazes, 0. de cernsse, 0. de Tornamira. 
 {Plumbi carbonat. in pulv. subtiliss. ,^ij ; Un- 
 guent, simpjl. Ibj. Add the carbonate of lead to 
 the ointment previously softened over a gentle 
 fire, and mix. — Ph. U. S.) Chiefly used as a 
 dressing for bums. 
 
 Unguentum Plumbi Superaceta'tis, U. ace- 
 ta'tis pjlumbi, Ointment of sugar of lead, Unguen- 
 tum Batumi' num, U. cerus'sm aceta'tcB, Bal'snmum 
 universa'le. {Olive oil, H)ss ; white wax, 3iss; 
 siiperacetate of lead, §ij.) Cooling, desiccative. 
 Called, also, Balsamum saturni'num, Buty'rum 
 satur'ni, Linimen'tum plumba'tum, Poma'tum sa- 
 tur'ni, Ung. triphar'macum, 
 
 Unguentum Popule'um, Adeps ]}apav'ei-e, Jiy- 
 oscy'amo, et belladon'nd medica'tus, (Fresh buds 
 of the p>oj)ulus nigra, 500 p., macerated in adeps 
 suillus jjrcBj). melted, 1500 p., for 24 hours. Pre- 
 serve this. Take black poppiy leaves, belladonna, 
 hyoscyamus, black nightshade, aa 128 p. ; bruise 
 in a mortar with the former preparation; boil 
 until all the humidity is evaporated, and strain. — ■ 
 Ph. P.) Anodyne. Applied to local inflamma- 
 tions, hemorrhoids, sore nipples, cancer, <fcc. 
 Green elder ointment is often sold for this. 
 
 Unguentum Populeum, see Populus. 
 
 Unguentum Potas's^ Hydrioda'tis, U. po- 
 tas'sii io'didi. Ointment of hydri'odate of potass, 
 (Potass, iodid. in pulv. subtil. ^J i "?• Ijullient. 
 f^J i udipis, t,']. Dissolve the iodide in the water, 
 and mix the solution with the lard. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Ilalf a drachm of this ointment is rubbed oa 
 scrofulous glands, goitre, <tc. 
 
 Unguentum Potassxi Iodidi, Unguentum Po- 
 
UNGUENTUM 
 
 885 
 
 UNSTRIPED 
 
 tassEe Hydriodatis — u. Pulvis meloes vesicatorii, 
 Cerate of cantharides — u. Resinse flavK, Ceratum 
 resinae flavce. 
 
 Unguentuji PvESi'NjE NigRjE, Ung. resina ni- 
 grum, Ung. hasil'icon nigrum, Ung. tetrapharm' a- 
 cum, Black hasilicon, Blade resin ointment, Un- 
 guenium picis nigrcB. [Resin, nigr., cera flavm, 
 resinas flav. aa ^ix; olei olivce, Oj. — Ph. L. Uses, 
 the same as the Ceratum resincB or Yellow hasi- 
 licon. 
 
 UxGiJENTiTM Resins Pijfi Sylvestris CoJt- 
 POSITUM, Unguentum de Althaa — u. Resinosum, 
 Ceratum resinae flavae — u. Resumptivum, Un- 
 guentum de althaS,. 
 
 Unguentum Sabine, Ceratum Sabinse. 
 
 Unguestuii Saj[Bu'ci, Ung. samhn' cinum,Green 
 ointment, Unguentum nervi'num, Elder ointment, 
 (F.) Onguent de sureau. [Sambuci flor. tbij ; 
 udipis preep. Wij, Boil. — Ph. L. and D.) Emol- 
 lient. 
 
 Unguentum Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi 
 superacetatis — u. ad Seabiem Zelleri, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri prascipitati albi — u. Simplex, Ceratum 
 Galeni, Unguentum cera — u. Solidum de cicuta, 
 Emplastrum cicutaj — u. Spermatis ceti, Unguen- 
 tum cetacei. 
 
 Unguentum Stramo'nii, Ointment of Stramo'- 
 nhtm. [Ext. stramon. fol. ^j ; adipis, ^j. Rub 
 the extrac?' with a little water until uniformly 
 soft, and then with the lard. — Ph. U. S.) An 
 anodyne ointment to irritable ulcers, hemor- 
 rhoids, &c. 
 
 Unguentum Subaceta'tis Cupri, U. cnpri 
 I subaceta'tis (Ph. U. S.), Ung. deter' gens, Ung. 
 hasil'icum vir'ide, Ung. aru'ginis, Bal'samnm 
 viride. Ointment of suhacetate of copper, Ver'di- 
 gris ointment. (Cupri euhaeet. in puly. subtiliss. 
 5J ; ung. simpl. ^XT. Add the subacetate to the 
 ointment previously melted with a moderate heat, 
 and stir till cold. — Ph. U. S.) Detergent and 
 esoharotic. 
 
 Unguentum Sulphura'ttjm ad ScA'BiEM,^(Zejos 
 e^d'phure et ammo'nicB muria'te mediea'tus. (Adi- 
 pis, 120 p.; sulph. lot. 60 p.; ammonicR muriat., 
 alumina sulphat. aa 4 p. j fiat unguentum. — Ph. 
 P.) Antipsoric. 
 
 Bailey's Itch Ointment is composed oi olive oil, 
 lard, nitre, alum, sidphate of zinc, and cinnabar ; 
 scented with oil of aniseed, oil of origanum, and 
 oil of spike, and coloured with alkanet-root. 
 
 Unguentum Sdlphura'tum Alcali'num ad 
 Sca'biem, Adeps sul'phure et carbona'te potassa 
 mediea'tus, Hel' meriek's Alcahne Sulphura'ted Itch 
 Ointment. (Adip. 2:)r(Bp. 800 p. ; sulphur, lot. 200 
 p. ; carbonat. potass, pur. 100 p.; fiat ung. — Ph. 
 P.) Use, same as the last. 
 
 Bateman's Itch Ointment resembles this. It is 
 coloured with cinnabar, and scented with essence 
 of bergamot. 
 
 Unguentum Sul,'phuris, Ung. e sulph'ure, Sul- 
 phur ointment. (Sulph. K) j ; adip. tbij. — Ph. U. 
 S.) Used chiefly in itch, and some herpetic 
 affections. 
 
 Unguentum Sulphuris Compos'itum, Com- 
 pound Sulphur Ointment, Itch Ointment, Unguen- 
 tum Antipsor'icum, Jackson's Itch Ointment, Pom- 
 made Antipsorique de Jaeser. (Sulph. sublim. 
 H)ss ; veratri rad. contus. ^ij ,• potasses nitrat. ^j ; 
 saponia mollis, Ibss; adipis, ftiss ; ol. bergamot. 
 Tl\,xxx. — Ph. L.) The Unguentum Sulphuris 
 Compositum of the Pharm. U. S., is made as 
 follows: — Sulphur, ^j ; hydrargyri ammoniat., 
 acid, benzoic, aa ^j ; ol. bergamot., acid, sidphu- 
 rie. aa fjj ; potasscB nitrat. ^\^ ; adipis, Ibss. To 
 the melted lard add the other ingredients, and 
 Btir till cold. Use, the same as the last ; but it 
 is more stimulating, 
 
 Unguentum Sulph'uris Iod'idi, Ointment of 
 Iodide of Sulphur, (Sulphur, iodid. ^ss; adipis, 
 
 ,^j. Rub the iodide with a little of the lard ; add 
 the remainder, and mix. — Ph. U. S.) An excel- 
 lent application in chronic cutaneous affections. 
 
 Unguentum Susinum, Crinomyron. 
 
 Unguentum Tab'aci, Tobacco Ointment. (Ta~ 
 bac. recent, coneis. ^j ; adipis, Ibj. Boil the to- 
 bacco in the lard, over a gentle fire, till it be- 
 comes friable ; then strain through linen. — Ph. 
 U. S.) Applied to irritable ulcers, tinea capi- 
 tis, &c. 
 
 Unguentum Tartari Emetici, U. antimonH 
 tartarizati — u. Tartari stibiati, U. antimonii tar- 
 tarizati — u. e Tartaro potassje stibiati, U. anti- 
 monii tartarizati — u. Tartratis potassce stibiati, 
 U. antimonii tartarizati — u. de Terebinthiua et 
 adipibus, U. elemi compositum — u. de Terebin- 
 thina et cer§,, U. de althaea — u. Terebinthinae et 
 ovorum vitelli, U. digestivum simplex — u. Tetra- 
 pharmacum, Basilicon, U. resina nigras — u. Tri- 
 pharmacum, U. plumbi superacetatis — u. Tutiae, 
 U. oxidi zinci impuri. 
 
 Unguentum Vera'tri, U. V. albi, Unguentum 
 helleb'ori albi. White hellebore ointment. (Veratr, 
 pulv. 5ij ; adipis, §viij ; olei Union. ITLxx.) Used 
 in cases of itch, where sulphur is objected to. It 
 is not equally efficacious. 
 
 The principal ingredients in the Edinburgh 
 Ointment are white hellebore and muriate of am- 
 monia. 
 
 Unguentum ad Vesicata, U. lyttse — u. ad 
 Vesicatoria, Cerate of cantharides — u. Vesicato- 
 rium. 
 
 UNGUENTUit Zinci, Ung. ox'idi zinci, U. zinci 
 oxidi (Ph. U. S.), Zinc ointment. (Zinci oxid. 
 ^j ; adipis, ^x'}. Use, the same as that of the 
 Unguentum tutiee. 
 
 Unguentum Zinci Oxidi, U. zinci. 
 
 UNGUIS, Hippocampus minor, Nail, Ptery- 
 gion — u. Avis, Hippocampus minor — u. Halleri, 
 Hippocampus minor — u. Odoratus, Blatta By- 
 zantia. 
 
 Unguis Os, Os lachryma'le. A small, quadri- 
 lateral, very thin, and semi-transparent bone, 
 which has been compared to a human nail, and 
 is situate at the anterior and inner part of the 
 orbit. It aids in the formation of the lachrymal 
 gutter and the nasal duct. It is articulated with 
 the frontal, superior maxillary, ethmoid, and 
 inferior spongy bones, and is developed by a sin- 
 gle punctum ossificationis. 
 
 UN6ULA CABALLINA, Tussilago. 
 
 UNGUL.^ PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus. 
 
 UNILOCULAR, Unilocula'ris, from tinus, 
 'one,' and loculus, 'a cell.' Having one cell or 
 cavity, as Biloc'ular means having two cells or 
 cavities ; midtiloc'ular, having many. 
 
 UNIO, Pearl. 
 
 UNIOCULUS, Cyclops, Monoculus. 
 
 UNIPARIENS, Uniparous. 
 
 UNIPARIENT, Uniparous. 
 
 UNIP'AROUS, Unipa'rient, Unrpariens, from 
 units, 'one,' and pario, 'I bring forth.' Pro- 
 ducing one at a birth. 
 
 UNISE'MA DELTIFO'LIA, Pontede'ria cor- 
 da'ta, Shovel Pickerelweed, Pond Shovel, Shovel- 
 lenf Water Plantain. An indigenous plant, Ord. 
 Pontederiacese, Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia, 
 which grows in water, and flowers from June to 
 August. The root is emollient and astringent. 
 
 UNI'TING BANDAGE, (F.) Bandage unls- 
 sant. A bandage for bringing the edges of 4 
 wound into approximation. The arrangement 
 of such a bandage differs according as the wound 
 is transverse or longitudinal. 
 
 UNIVOCAL GENERATION, see Generation. 
 
 UNOCULUS, Borgne, Cyclops, Monoculus. 
 
 UNORGANIZED, Inorganic. 
 
 UNSTRIPED MUSCULAR FIBRE, seeMu3- 
 cular fibre. 
 
UNWELL 
 
 8S6 
 
 URETHRA 
 
 UlSTWELL, see Menstruation. 
 
 UPAS. A word used in the Archipelagos of 
 Molucca and Sunda, and signifying Verjetahle 
 Poison, Ipo, Bolion Upas, Boa Up>as, Pohon An- 
 tiar, Boon Upas. A substance used by the na- 
 tives of those places for poisoning their arrows. 
 The smallest quantity is capable of destroying 
 the largest animal. The tree which produces it 
 ia said to be the Antia'ris Toxiea'ria. Another 
 species of upas, the U. Tieiite, is the produce of a 
 Strychnoa. Many idle stories are told regarding 
 the upas, most of which are fabulous. 
 
 U'RACHUS, U'racus, Urinac' idum, from ovpov, 
 'urine,' and cx'^' '^ contain.' (F.) Otiraque. The 
 urachus, in certain animals, is a long membranous 
 canal, which arises from the bladder, makes its 
 exit from the abdomen by the umbilicus, and ter- 
 minates in the pouch called allaatois. According 
 to Sabatier, this is the arrangement of the urachus 
 in the human foetus; but Bichat and other ana- 
 tomists consider, that when the canal exists in it, 
 it is a malformation. They regard it as a kind 
 of suspensory ligament of the bladder, extending 
 from the top of that organ to the umbilicus ; and, 
 at the umbilicus, confounded with the abdominal 
 aponeurosis. 
 
 URACRATIA, Enuresis. 
 
 URACUS, Urachus. 
 
 UR^'MIA, from ovpov, ' urine,' and 'ai^a, 
 'blood.' A condition of the blood in which it 
 contains urine or urea. 
 
 URALI, Curare. 
 
 URANA, Ureter. 
 
 URANE, Urinal. 
 
 URANISCONI'TIS, from ovpaviaKo;, 'the pa- 
 late,' and ith, denoting inflammation. Palati'tis. 
 Inflammation of the palate. 
 
 URAXISCOPLAS'TICE, irom ovpavK^Ko;, 'the 
 roof of the mouth,' and TrAao-rocos, 'forming.' The 
 operation of engrafting in case of deficiency of 
 the soft palate. 
 
 URANISCORRHAPHIA, Staphylorraphy. 
 
 URAXISCOS, Palate. 
 
 URANORRHAPHIA, Staphylorraphy. 
 
 URAPOSTE'MA, Ahsces'sus unno'sus, Uroe- 
 de'ma. A tumefaction produced by the escape 
 of urine. An abscess containing urine. 
 
 URARI, Curare. 
 
 URAS, Urate. 
 
 URATE, Uras, Lithnte, ZitJias ; from ovpov, 
 'urine.' A generic name for salts, formed by the 
 combination of uric or lithic acid with different 
 bases. Urate or Lithate of Soda is found in 
 arthritic calculi: — Urate or Lithate of Ammo'nia 
 in some urinary calculi. 
 
 URE'A, Uren, Uren'ium, U'ricum, Ilate'ria 
 urino'sa, Princip'ium seu Sal urino'sum, (F.) 
 Uree. Same etymon. A white, pearly, brilliant 
 Bubstance, in transparent plates, inodorous, and 
 of a cool taste ; very soluble in water ; deliques- 
 cent, and soluble in alcohol. It exists, in great 
 quantity, in the urine ; and is an essential part 
 of it. It has been used as a diuretic. Dose, gr. 
 X.V to 9j. 
 
 UREC'CHYSIS, Urech'ysis, from ovpov, 'urine,' 
 and zK^vcns, 'effusion.' Effusion of urine into 
 the cellular membrane. 
 UREDO, Urticaria. 
 UBEE, Urea. 
 
 UREiMA, Urine, 
 
 UREN, Urea. 
 
 URENIUM, Urea. 
 
 URENS, Caustic. 
 
 UREORRHGEA, Diabetes. 
 
 URESI^STHESIS, Diuresisesthesis. 
 
 URESIS, Micturition, 
 
 URE'TER. Same etymon as Urate. U'rana, 
 Vena alba reniim, Cana'lis ner'veus fiisiuJo'b'us re- 
 nnni. Ductus seu Diictor Uri' ncB, Vas tirlna'rium, 
 (F.) Uretere. A loDg, excretory canal — membra- 
 nous and cylindrical — which conveys the urine 
 from the kidney to the bladder. It extends, ob- 
 liquely, between the pelvis of the kidney, with 
 which it is continuous, and the baa fovd of the 
 bladder, into which it opens. It enters at the 
 posterior and inferior part, for some distance be- 
 tween the coats, and opens into the cavity of the 
 bladder, at the posterior angle of the Trigone 
 vesical. The ureter is formed of an exterior, 
 white, opake, and fibrous membrane; and of an 
 inner, which is mucous. 
 
 URETERAL'GIA, from ovpnrnp, 'the ureter,' 
 
 and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the course of the 
 
 ureter, — as from calculus. Ureteral' gia calculo'ta. 
 
 Ureteralgia Calculosa, see Ureteralgia — 
 
 u. Inflammatoria, Ureteritis. 
 
 URETERE, Ureter. 
 
 URETER'ICUS. An epithet for ischury, &c., 
 arising from an affection of the ureter. 
 
 URETERI'-TIS, Uretcral'gia inflammato'i-ia, 
 Ureteroplilegma'sia. Inflammation of the ureter ; 
 generally caused by calculus. 
 
 URETERO-LITH'ICUS, from ovprirnp, 'the 
 ureter,' and Ai5of, 'a stone.' An epithet applied 
 to ischury or other affection caused by a stone in 
 the ureter. 
 
 URETEROL'ITHUS. Same etymon. Calcu- 
 lus in the ureter. 
 
 URETEROPHLEGMASIA, Ureteritis. 
 URETERO-PIILEGMAT'ICUS, from ovpvTr,p, 
 'the ureter,' and (pXtyfia, 'phlegm or mucus.' 
 Any affection caused by mucus accumulated in 
 the ureter. 
 
 URETERO-PY'ICUS, from ovprirrip, 'the 
 ureter,' and ttvov, 'pus.' An epithet applied to af- 
 fections caused bythe presence of pus in the ureter. 
 URETERORRHAG"IA, from ovpr,Tr,p, 'the 
 ureter,' and payrj, 'rupture.' Hemorrhage from 
 the ureter. 
 
 URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS, from ovpvTvp, 
 ' the ureter,' and arofia, ' orifice.' That which is 
 dependent upon obstruction of the orifice of the 
 ureter. 
 
 URETERO-THROMBOi'DES, from ovp^rnp, 
 'the ureter,' Spo/jPog, 'grumous blood,' and ci&o;, 
 ' resemblance.' Ischury from grumous blood in 
 the ureter. 
 
 UPuE'THRA, ovpri^pa, Cana'Ua seu Ifea'tua seu 
 Ductua urina'rius, Urias, Ure'tra, Eis'iula iirina'- 
 ria. Iter urina'riuin seu Uri'nce; (F.) Urethre, 
 Uretre, from ovpov, 'urine.' The excretory ducts 
 for the urine in both sexes ; and for the sperm in 
 man. In the latter, it is 8 or 10 inches long ; and 
 extends from the neck of the bladder to the ex- 
 tremity of the penis, in which its external aper- 
 ture is situate. In the male urethra, three por- 
 tions are distinguished: — 1. A Prostatic portion, 
 near the bladder, about an inch and a quarter in 
 length, which traverses the prostate gland: — 
 2. A wembranous portion. Isthmus iire'thra. Pan 
 vre'thra membrana' cea, from 8 to 10 lines long, 
 which is separated from the rectum by the areo- 
 lar tissue only : — 3. A apjongy j>ortion, which ex- 
 pands, anteriorly, to form the glans, and which 
 commences at the bulh of the urethra. Before 
 opening externally, the canal has a dilatation, 
 called the Fossa or Fossie'ula navicula'ria. On 
 the interior of the urethra two white lines are 
 perceptible — the one above, the other below. 
 The latter commences at the verumontanum ; and 
 at the surface of this, the ejacnlatory ducts, and 
 prostatic ducts open. The urethra is lined, in its 
 whole extent, by a mucous membrane j on which 
 
URETHRAL 
 
 887 
 
 URINARY 
 
 are seen, particularly at the bulb, the orifices of 
 a number of follicular ducts, Lacunce or Sinuses 
 of Morgagni. At about an inch and a half from 
 the opening of the meatus, one of these laouna3 is 
 generally found, much larger than the rest, and 
 is named Lacuna Magna. The arteries of the 
 urethra are numerous, and proceed from the in- 
 ternal pudic, — the largest branches entering the 
 bulb. The veins follow the course of the arteries. 
 The lymphatics pass into the inguinal and hypo- 
 gastric plexuses. The nerves come from the pu- 
 dic and gluteal. In the female, the urethra is 
 only about an inch long. It is wider than in 
 man, and susceptible of great dilatation. It is 
 very wide at its commencement ; and descends 
 obliquely forwards, to terminate at the top of the 
 external aperture of the vagina by the mea'tus 
 urina'rius. In its course, it is slightly curved, 
 the concavity being forwards. 
 
 Urethra, Blind Ducts of the, see Cajcus — 
 u. Mucous lacunas of the, see Caucus. 
 
 URE'THRAL, Urethra'lis. Ure'tkrious, from 
 ovpriBpa, ' the urethra.' Relating to the urethra. 
 
 URETHRAL'GIA, from ovpr,Qpa, < the urethra,' 
 and aXyos, ' pain.' Pain in the urethra. Gonor- 
 rhoea. ^ 
 
 URETHRE, Urethra. 
 
 URETHREMPHRAXIS, Urethrophraxis. 
 
 URETHRITIS, Gonorrhcea. 
 
 URETIIROBLENNORRHCE'A, from ov^v^pa, 
 'the urethra,' (SXcvva, 'mucus,' and ptto, 'I flow.' 
 Gonorrhoea; gleet. 
 
 URETHROCYSTAUCHENOTOMIA, see Li- 
 thotomy. 
 
 URETHROCYSTEOANEURYSMATOTOM - 
 lA, see Lithotomy. 
 
 URETHROCYSTEOTRACHELOTOMIA, see 
 Lithotomy. 
 
 URETHROH^MORRHAGIA, Urethrorrha- 
 gia. 
 
 URETHROPHRAX'IS, UrethrempTirax'is, 
 from ovprjSpa, ' the urethra,' and <ppaaaii), ' I ob- 
 struct.' Obstruction of the urethra. 
 
 URETHROPLAS'TIC, Urethroplas'ticus; from 
 ovpr/Spa, 'the urethra,' and -aXaaaui, 'I form.' An 
 epithet given to the operation urethroplasty which 
 supplies defects in the canal of the urethra through 
 which the urine escapes. 
 
 U R E T H ROR R HA'G lA, UretTirohcBmorrha' - 
 gia, Caulorrha' gia stillatit"ia, HcBmatu'ria stil- 
 latW'ia, from ovpn^pa, ' the urethra,' and priyvvpa, 
 ' I break out.' Hemorrhage from the urethra. — 
 Frank. 
 
 URETHRORRHCE'A, from ovpvSpa, 'the ure- 
 thra,' and jjfw, ' I flow.' A discharge of any kind 
 from the urethra. 
 
 URETHROSTENO'SIS, Strictu'ra ure'tJircB, 
 Urosteno'sis, from ovprjdpa, 'the urethra,' and 
 artvojat;, 'narrowness.' Stricture of the urethra. 
 
 URETHROT'OMUS, (F.) Urethrotome, from 
 ovpt]Spa, 'the urethra,' and rspvu, 'I cut.' An 
 instrument so called by Le Cat, with which he 
 divided the skin, and laid open the urethra, in 
 the operation for lithotomy. Also, an instrument 
 for dividing strictures of the urethra. 
 
 URETHROT'OMY, Urethrotom'ia ; same ety- 
 mon. An operation, which consists in opening 
 the urethra for the removal of stricture. See 
 Boutonniere. 
 
 URETHRYMENO'DES, from ovpn^pa, 'the 
 urethra,' and 'vpnv, ' a membrane.' That which 
 is caused by a membrane formed in the urethra. 
 
 URETICUS, Diuretic, Urinary. 
 
 URETRA, Urethra. 
 
 URETRE, Urethra. 
 
 URETRIS, Urinal. 
 
 URIAS, Fistula, (urinary,) Urethra. 
 
 URIASIS, Lithia, Uresis. 
 
 URIC ACID, Ac"{dum u'ricum, Ac"idum urom 
 lith'icum, Acichim lith'icum, Lithic Acid, TJrylia 
 Acid. An acid which exists in human urine, 
 chieflj', if not wholly, in the form of urate of soda 
 or urate of ammonia, and which in combination 
 constitutes the greater part of urinary calculi. 
 It is often deposited from the urine in health. 
 See Calculi, urinary. 
 
 URIC OXIDE, Ox'idum u'r-icum, Xanthic ox- 
 ide, Xanthine, Urous acid. A substance not dis- 
 covered in healthy urine, although probably bear- 
 ing some relation to the yellow colouring matter. 
 It is a verj'' rare ingredient of calculous concre- 
 tions, and little is known either of its chemical or 
 pathological history. 
 
 URICUM, Urea. 
 
 URICUS, Urinary. 
 
 URINA CEREBELLA, see Cerebella— u. Chy- 
 li, see Urine — u. Cibi, see Urine — u. Diabetica, 
 Urine, diabetic — u. Febrilis, Urine, febrile — u. 
 Furfuracea, see Furfuraceous — u. Galactodes, see 
 Galactodes — u. Genitalis, Sperm — u. Jumentosa 
 sen Jumentaria, Urine, jumentous — u. Mucosa, 
 Cystirrhoea — u. Nephelodes, see Nepheloid — u. 
 Oroboides sen Orobodes, see Oroboides — u. Peri- 
 cardii, see Pericardium — u. PotHs, see Urine — 
 u. Sanguinis, see Urine — u. Vacca3, Urine, cows'. 
 
 URINACULUM, Uraehus, Urinal. 
 
 URIN^ PROFLUVIUM, Diabetes — u. Sup- 
 pressio. Ischuria — u. Stillicidium, Strangury — u. 
 Substillum, Strangury. 
 
 U'RINAL, Urinato'rium, CherniVium, Vrane, 
 Vre'tris, Urinac'tdum, Urodochi'mn, Urod'oche, 
 Urodoehe'um, Uratra'cium, 3Iatra' citim, Mafula, 
 Blatel'la ; from vrina, ' urine.' A name given, 
 
 1. To certain vessels, used to pass the urine into. 
 
 2. To reservoirs, of different shapes and charac- 
 ter, which are adapted to the penis, in cases of 
 incontinence of urine, and which are intended to 
 receive the urine as it flows off. 
 
 URINALIS, Diuretic, Urinary. 
 
 URINARIA, Antirhinum linaria, Leontodon 
 taraxacum. 
 
 U'RINARY, Urina'rixis, Urina'lis, TJrino'svs, 
 JJ'ricus, Uret'icus. Same etymon. That which 
 relates to the urine. 
 
 Urinary Bladder, Vesi'ca Urina'ria. Cystis, 
 ■ Urocys'iis, (F.) Vessie. A musculo-membranous 
 reservoir, intended for the reception of the urine, 
 until the accumulation of a certain quantity so- 
 licits its excretion. The bladder is situate in the 
 hypogastric region, between the rectum and pubis 
 in man ; and between the pubis and vagina in the 
 female. Its upper region is not covered, except 
 by the peritoneum, posteriorly. From its centre 
 arises the uraehus. Its lower region is bounded, 
 anteriorly, by the prostate, in man ; and rests on 
 the vesicul^ seminales and rectum. In the fe- 
 male, it corresponds to the vagina. The lowest 
 portion of this region bears the name Basfond. 
 The anterior surface of the organ is not covered 
 bj' peritoneum. It is attached to the symphysis 
 pubis by a fibro-cellular expansion called the an- 
 terior ligament. The posterior ligaments are 
 duplicatures of the peritoneum on its posterior 
 surface, which extend from this surftice to the 
 rectum in the male, and to the uterus in the fe- 
 male. The bladder is composed of a serous mem- 
 brane, formed by the peritoneum ; — of a muscular 
 membrane ; of a somewhat thick layer of areolar 
 tissue; and is lined on its inner surface, by a 
 mucous membrane, which is, sometimes, raised 
 up, here and there, in long prominences or column* 
 by the muscular fibres beneath. To this condi- 
 tion, the French anatomists give the t'Crm — vessie 
 d colonnes. In the has-fond the two ureters open, 
 and the urethra commences ; and the triangula/ 
 
URINATORIUM 
 
 UEINE 
 
 space, ■whicli tlie apertures of these three canals 
 leave between them, is called, by the French, the 
 Trigone vesical or Vesical Triangle, Trigo'nus 
 seu Trigo'ntim vesi'ccB seu Lieutau'di. In the 
 orifice of the urethra, which is also called the 
 neck of the bladder, there is, at its lower part, a 
 more or less prominent tubercle, which is formed 
 by the anterior angle of the Trigone vesical, and 
 is called the Vesical uvula, Uvula vesi'ccB, (F.) 
 Jjuette vesicale. 
 
 The arteries of the bladder proceed from the 
 hypogastric, umbilical, sciatic, middle hemor- 
 rhoidal, and internal pudic. Its veins, which are 
 more numerous than the arteries, open into the 
 hypogastric venous plexus. Its nerves emanate 
 from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses ; and 
 its lymphatic vessels pass into the hypogastric 
 ganglia. 
 
 Ukinart Calculi. The calculi which form 
 in the urinary passages. See Calculi, urinary. 
 
 Urinary Passages, (F.) Voies urinaires. The 
 aggregate of canals and cavities intended to con- 
 tain the urine and convey it externally. These 
 ways are composed of excretory ducts, which 
 form the tubular portion of the kid-ney ; of 
 calices ; pelvis ; ureters ; bladder ; and urethra. 
 
 URINATORIUM, Urinal. 
 
 URINE, Uri'na, U'ron, TJre'ma, Lot'ium, Lot, 
 Lapis au'reus, Omich'ma, Recremen'ta seu Retri- 
 men'ta vesi'ccB, Aqua pedum. Aqua. An excre- 
 mentitial fluid ; secreted by the cortical part of 
 the kidney ; filtered through the tubular portion; 
 poured guttatim from the apices of the tubular 
 papilliB into the pelvis of the kidney ; and trans- 
 mitted by it to the ureters; which convey it 
 slowly, but in a continuous manner, into the blad- 
 der, where it remains deposited, until its accumu- 
 lation excites a desire to void it. The excretion 
 of the fluid takes place through the urethra; and 
 is caused by the action of the abdominal muscles 
 and diaphragm and the contraction of the fibrous 
 coat of the bladder. Urine is transparent ; of a 
 citron-yellow colour ; of a peculiar odour, and of 
 an acid, saline, and slightly bitter taste. That 
 which is passed some time after taking fluid, is 
 less coloured, and less odorous and dense than 
 that which is voided 7 or 8 hours after eating. 
 The first is the Uri'na potus, (F.) Urine de la 
 Boisson, Urine from drink: — the latter Uri'na 
 san'guinis, (F.) Urine de la digestion, Urine de 
 la coction, Urine eiiite, Qocted urine, Urine of di- 
 gestion. Three distinct varieties of urine may, 
 according to Dr. Golding Bird, be recognised : 
 First. That passed some little time after drinking 
 freely of fluids, which is generally pale, and of 
 low specific gravity — 1.003 to 1.009 — Urina po- 
 tils. Secondly, That secreted after the digestion 
 of a full meal; s.g. 1.020 to 1.028, or even 1.030 
 — Urina chyli Yel cibi. Thirdly, That secreted 
 independently of the immediate stimulus of food 
 and drink, as after a night's rest, which is usually 
 of average density — 1.015 to 1.025, and presents 
 the essential characters of urine — Urina san- 
 guinis. 
 
 The following are the ordinary constituents of 
 healthy human urine : — urea, uric acid, [hippuric 
 acid;] extractive matters, embracing alcohol ex- 
 tract, spirit extract, and water extract, with their 
 respective constituents ; mucus ; brown colouring 
 matter of the urine, (hasmaphcein ;) red colouring 
 matter of the urine, (uroerythrin ;) carbonic, hic- 
 tic, hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, silicic, 
 and hydrofluoric acids; sodit; potassa; ammo- 
 nia; lime; magnesia; and peroxide of iron. The 
 proportion of solid matters in 1000 parts of urine 
 may vary from 20 to 70. The following table 
 expresses the relative amounts of the different 
 compon'^nts in every 100 parts of the solid mat- 
 
 ter, according to the analysis of different obi 
 servers : 
 
 Eerzelius. Lehraann. Simon. Marchand 
 
 Urea, 45.10 49.G8 33.80 48.91 
 
 Uric Acid, 1.50 l.Cl 1.40 1.5'J 
 Extractive matter,") 
 
 ^n'S'"chioridfof|'36-30 28.95 42.60 32.49 
 
 Sodium, J 
 
 Alkaline Sulphates, ICSO 11.58 8.14 10.18 
 
 Alkaline Piiosphates, 6.88 5.96 6.50 4.57 
 
 Phosphates of lime j , -„ „_ .„ 
 
 and magnesia, \ •^•^" ^■^' ^-^^ ^-^^ 
 
 Its average specific gravity is about 1.015. The 
 quantity passed by the adult in the 24 hours va- 
 ries. On the average it may amount to two 
 pounds and a half. Sometimes, the urine, in 
 health and disease, exhibits appearances that 
 have received special names. Thus, that which 
 is characterized by a deficiency of solid matters 
 generally, has been called -H;/cZrM'rja, {'viup, 'wa- 
 ter ;') by a deficiency of urea, Anazotn'ria, {av, 
 privative, and azote;) by a superabundance of 
 urea, Azotu'ria. Urine in •which the deposit 
 consists of lithic acid, and the lithates, has been 
 termed Lithu'ria ; and that in which the deposit 
 consists of the earthy and earthy-alkaline phos- 
 phates, PAosjsAit'ria Ceramu' ria, {Kspa/jog, 'potters' 
 earth,') &o. &c. At times, a. pellicle forms on the 
 surface [Cremor v.rinm) which consists of mucus 
 and some salts : at others, there is a cloud, (Nn- 
 hec'ula, nubes,) towards its upper part, which is 
 called Enceore'ma when it is suspended, as it 
 were, about the middle of the liquid. Occasion- 
 ally, there is a sediment, to which the names Uy- 
 pos'tasis, Sediraen'tum, &c., have been given. (See 
 these various words.) The urine is often deserv- 
 ing of attention in disease; but it has been con- 
 sidered a matter of more importance than it me- 
 rits. Some empirics have presumed to pronounce 
 on the nature of disease by simply inspecting it. 
 See Uroscopy. 
 
 Human urine was, at one time, considered ape- 
 rient; and was given in jaundice, in the dose of 
 one or two ounces. Cow's urine, Urina Vaccce, 
 Alljlower water, was once used, warm from the 
 cow, as a purge, in the dose of Oss. 
 
 Urine has been variously designated by pa- 
 thologists, according to its appearance, &c., for 
 example: — 
 
 Urine, Ax.e'mic, Uri'na ance'mica. Used, but 
 not felicitously, for the form of urine that occurs 
 in anffimia, chlorosis, (fee. — Becquerel. 
 
 URINE ARDENT E, Ardenturine— u.Bloody, 
 Hematuria — u. de la Boisson, Urine, hysterical, 
 see Urine — «. de la Coction, see Urine. 
 
 Urine, Crude, (F.) Urine crite. Urine that is 
 thin, transparent, and but little coloured, afford- 
 ing neither cloud nor deposite. 
 
 URINE CRUE, Urine, crude — m. Cuite, see 
 Urine. 
 
 Urine, Ctstinic, Oi/sfinii'ria. Urine eont.ain- 
 ing cystine or cystic oxide in solution, or as a 
 deposite. 
 
 Urine, Diabetic, Uri'na dinhe'tica. Urine 
 passed in Biahetes mellitus, Melitii'ria. It con- 
 tains a large quantity of sugar analogous to that 
 of the grape, which maybe separated in the form 
 of crystals. In other respects, the urine is very 
 abundant and very limpid in that aS'ection. 
 
 URINE BE LA BIGESTION, see Urine. 
 
 Urine, Drop'sical, is an ammoniaeal urine, 
 often containing much albumen and scarcely any 
 urea. 
 
 Urine, Dyspep'tic, has been found to precipi- 
 tate tannin abundantly, and to soon putrefy. 
 
 URINE EPAISSE, Urine, mucilaginous. 
 
 Urine, Febrile, Uri'na fehri'lis. Urine dis- 
 charged in inflammation and inflammatory fover. 
 
URINE 
 
 8S9 
 
 UROPYGIOjST 
 
 Urine, Filamentotjs, see Filamentous. 
 
 Urine, Floc'culent, (F.) Urine floconneuse, 
 is when the fluid is troubled by flocculi, suspend- 
 ed in it. 
 
 Urine, Furfura'ceotjs, see Furfuraceous — u. 
 Floconneuse, Urine, flocculent — «. dea Goutteux, 
 Urine, gouty. 
 
 Urine, Gouty, (F.) Urine des gotitfetix, con- 
 tains much phosphate of lime, and, after severe 
 attacks of gout, precipitates a mixture of the uric 
 and rosaeio acids. 
 
 URINE HUILEUSE, Urine, oily. 
 
 Urine, Hyster'ical, is clear, colourless, and 
 similar to the Urine de la Boisson. 
 
 Urine, Icter'ical, contains bile. 
 
 Urine, Incontinence of, Enuresis. 
 
 Urine op Inplam'matory Diseases. This 
 is, generally, small in quantity, and very high- 
 coloured. 
 
 Urine, Involuntary Discharge op. Enuresis. 
 
 Urine, Jumen'tous, Uri'na jumento'sa senju- 
 tnenta'ria, (F.) Urine Jumenteuse. A term used, 
 by the French, for ammoniaeal urine, rendered 
 turbid by a substance similar to small grains of 
 dust, which causes it to resemble the urine of 
 herbivorous animals. 
 
 URINE LACTESOENTE,V. milky— «. Zai- 
 teuse, Urine, milky. 
 
 Urine, Milky, (F.) Urine lacteseente ou lai- 
 tense. White and troubled urine. 
 
 Urine, Mucilag"inous, (F.) Urine epaisse. 
 Urine containing much mucus. 
 
 Urine, Nervous. Thin and very liquid urine; 
 such as is passed shortly after the attack of ner- 
 vous diseases. 
 
 Urine of Nervous Fevers is generally very 
 thin ; and often deposits a mixture of uric and 
 rosacic acids. 
 
 Urine, Oily, (F.) Urine huileuse, is that which 
 pours like oil, or which has an oily pellicle at its 
 surface. 
 
 Urine, Oxal'ic, Oxalu'ria. Urine containing 
 a salt of the oxalic acid. 
 
 Urine, PH0SPH0REs'cENT,PAos^3^om'rja,P^og- 
 jjTiu'ria. Urine which is luminous or phospho- 
 rescent. 
 
 Urine, Pur'puric, see Porphyruria. 
 
 Urine, Rick'ety, contains much phosphate of 
 lime. 
 
 Urine, Sandy, Arenosa urina — u. Stoppage of. 
 Ischuria — u. Tenne, Urine, thin. 
 
 Urine, Thin, (F.) Urine tenue. Urine that is 
 transparent, slightly coloured, and but little dense. 
 
 URINIF'EROUS, Urinifer, from ovpov, 'urine,' 
 and fero, ' I carry.' That which carries urine. 
 
 Uriniferous Substance op the Kidney, see 
 Kidney. 
 
 Urinif'erous Tubes or Ducts of Belli'ni, 
 Tu'huli vel duc'tus urinif'eri Belli'ni, Tu'buli 
 Belli'ni, Bellinia'ni Ductus, Bellinia'nm Fis'tulce. 
 The collection of small tubes, converging from 
 the cortical part of the kidney to the apices of 
 the papilla}. 
 
 URINODES, Urinous. 
 
 URINOM'ETER, from ovpov, 'urine,' and /ur- 
 pov, ' measure.' A small hydrometer for taking 
 the specific gravity of urine. The urinometer 
 suggested by Dr. Prout is divided into 60 degrees, 
 the zero being the point at which it floats in dis- 
 tilled water. The numbers on the scale added to 
 1000, the specific gravity of water, give the par- 
 ticular specific gravity : thus, supposing the num- 
 ber cut by the surface of the liquid to be 30, it 
 would indicate a s. g. of 1.030. The letters H. S. 
 on the back of the scale mean " healthy stand- 
 ard," which ranges from 10° to 20°. 
 
 U'RINOUS, Urino'8W),Urino'des. Having the 
 character of urine. Similar to urine. 
 
 UROCE'LB, (Ede'ma scroti nrino'smn, UroB- 
 cheoce'te, Oschcoce'le urina' lis, frova ovpov, 'urine,' 
 and KrjXi], ' a rupture.' A tumour of the scrotum, 
 owing to the effusion of urine into the same, and 
 into the areolar tissue. 
 
 UROCHES'IA, Urochez'ia, from ovpov, 'urine,' 
 and x^i^'-'^) ' to S° to stool.' A discharge of urine 
 by the bowels. 
 
 UROCRASIA, Enuresis. 
 
 UROCRIS'IA, from ovpov, 'urine,' and Kpivio, 
 ' I judge.' Urocrite'rion. A judgment formed 
 either of the urine, or of disease after inspecting 
 the urine. 
 
 UROCRITERION, Urocrisia, 
 
 UROCYSTIS, Urinary bladder 
 
 UROCYSTITIS, Cystitis. 
 
 UROCYSTOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea. 
 
 URODIAL'YSIS, from ovpov, 'urin^,' and ^la- 
 Xtjcrij, ' dissolution, loss of strength.' A partial 
 and temporary suspension of the function of the 
 kidney, such as occurs in the course of most 
 acute diseases. A condition of the function of 
 the kidney and of the urine, similar to that ob- 
 served in acute diseases, but without local mis- 
 chief or preceding inflammatory fever, has been 
 termed, v.'hen occurring in children, Urodial'ysis 
 Neonato' rum ; in the aged, Urodialysis Senum. — 
 Schonlein. 
 
 URODOCHIUM, Urinal. 
 
 URODYN'IA, from ovpov, 'urine,' and o^vvv, 
 ' pain.' Pain during the excretion of the urine. 
 
 URCEDEMA, Urapostema. 
 
 UROGENITAL, Urogenita'lis, Gen'ito-u'rU 
 nary, Gen'ito-urina'rius. Relating or appertain- 
 ing to the urinary and genital apparatuses. 
 
 Urogenital Sinus, Sinus -uro-genifa'lis. A 
 cavity or canal in the embryo of the mammalia 
 opening externally, in which the excretory ducts 
 of the Wolffian bodies, the ureters and the effe- 
 rent parts of the generative apparatus, terminate 
 internally. It is prolonged into the urachus. 
 Subsequently it becomes separated by a process 
 of division into a 2}ars urina'ria and a pars ge- 
 ■nita'lis. The former, extending towards the ura- 
 chus, is converted into the urinary bladder; 
 whilst from the latter are formed the vesieulcB 
 seminales in the male, and the middle portion of 
 the uterus in the female. — J. Miiller. 
 
 UROLITHI, Calculi, urinary. 
 
 UROLITHIASIS, Lithia. 
 
 UROLITHOLOG"IA; from ovpov, 'urine,' 
 Xi8oj, ' a stone,' and "koyog, ' a description.' A 
 description of urinary calculi. 
 
 UROLITHOTOMIA, Lithotomy. 
 
 UROMANTI'A, from ovpov, 'urine,' and piav- 
 Tcia, ' divination.' The art of divining diseases 
 by simple inspection of the urine j Urosco'pia. 
 One professing to be able to do this is called Uro- 
 man'tes. Vulgarly, a water-doctor. 
 
 UROMPH'ALUS, Her'nia U'raehi. A mon- 
 strosity, which consists in the protrusion of the 
 urachus at the umbilicus. 
 
 URON, Urine. 
 
 URON'CUS, from ovpov, 'urine,' and oyKos, 'a 
 swelling.' A urinary swelling. 
 
 URONOL'OGY, Uronolog"ia, from ovpov, 
 'urine,' and Tioyos, 'a description.' The part of 
 medicine which treats of the urine. 
 
 UROPHTHISIS, Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 UROPLA'NIA, from ovpov, 'urine,' and vXavr,, 
 'wandering.' The presence of urine in other 
 parts than the urinary organs. 
 
 UROPOE'SIS, Uropo'ie'sis, from, ovpov, 'urino, 
 and TToiEO), ' I make.' Secre'tio nri'nm seu lo'tvL 
 The secretion of urine by the kidney. 
 
 UROPOIESIS, Uropoesis. 
 
 UROPYGION, Coccyx. 
 
UKOPTGIUM 
 
 UTEEUS 
 
 TTROPTGIUM, Croupion. 
 
 URORRHAGIA, Diabetes. 
 
 URORRHCEA. Enuresis, Diabetes. 
 
 TJROSCHEOCELE, Urocele. 
 
 UEOSCOPIA, see Uromantia. 
 
 TJRO'SES, from ovpov, ' urine.' Diseases of the 
 urinary organs. — Alibert. 
 
 UROS'TEALITH, Urosteal'ithos, from ovpov, 
 'urine,' arcap, 'suet,' and Xi0of, 'stone.' A pecu- 
 liar fatty ingredient of urinary calculi, discovered 
 by Heller. 
 
 UROSTENOSIS, Urethrostenosis. 
 
 UROUS ACID, Uric oxide. 
 
 UROZEMIA, Diabetes — u. Albumlnosa, Kid- 
 ney, Brigbt's disease of the — u. Mellita, Diabetes 
 mellitus. 
 
 URTI'CA, Z7. Dioi'ea seu major seu Ms'pida, 
 Pyr'ethrum, the Common stinging nettle, Ad'ice, 
 (F.) Ortie. Family, Urticeae. /S'ex. Syst. Monoe- 
 cia Tetrandria. This plant has been long used 
 for medical and culinary purposes. The young 
 shoots, in the spring, are considered to possess 
 diuretic and antiscorbutic properties. 
 
 Urtica Balearic a, U. pilulifera — u. Dioica, 
 TJrtica — u. Hispida, Urtica — u. Iners magna 
 foetidissima, Galeopsis — u. Major, U. dioica — n. 
 Minor, U. urens — u. Mortua, Laniium album. 
 
 Urtica Pilulif'era, Pill-hearing Nettle, U. 
 Piltilo'sa seu Roma'na seu Balea' rica, (F. ) Ortie 
 Romaine. The seed was formerly given in dis- 
 eases of the chest. 
 
 Urtica Pilulosa, U. pilulifera — u. Roman, U. 
 pilulifera. 
 
 Urtica Urens, U. minor, Dwarf nettle, (F.) 
 Ortie hrvlante. A. lesser variety of the nettle, 
 possessing similar virtues. 
 
 Nettles have been used as stimulants to para- 
 lytic limbs. 
 
 URTIGATRE, Urticaria. 
 
 URTICA'RIA, from urtica, 'a nettle;* Enan- 
 tJie'sin urtica'ria, Ure'do,, Scarlati'na urtica' ta, 
 Cnido'sis, Urtica'ria p>orcel'lana, Exanthe'ma ur- 
 tica' turn, Epinyc'tis 2}rurigino'sa, Fehris iirtica'ta, 
 Pur'pura urticota, Fehris ruhra prurigino' sa. 
 Saltans rosa, (F.) Urticaire, Fievre Ortie, Porce- 
 laine. Nettle-rash ; vulgarly Hives, Bold Hives; 
 from urtica, ' a nettle,' because the eruption re- 
 sembles that produced by the stings of a nettle. 
 A disease distinguished by those elevations of the 
 cuticle called wheals. They have a white top, 
 and are often surrounded by a diffuse redness. 
 They excite intolerable itching, especially when 
 the person is warm in bed. The eruption fre- 
 quently goes and comes once or more in the 24 
 hours, and is generally dependent upon gastric 
 derangement. In some people, nettle-rash is in- 
 duced by shell-fish, eggs, nuts, <fec. It is not 
 usually a disease of any consequence, and its 
 treatment is limited to the use of absorbent laxa- 
 tives, and simple general means. Willan has de- 
 scribed six varieties of the complaint; — Urtica'ria 
 fehri'lis, U. evan'ida, U, perstans, U. confer'ta, 
 U. suheuta'nea, and U. tuhero'sa. 
 Urticaria Porcellana, Essera, Urticaria. 
 URTICA'TIO, Cnido'sis, Urtica' tion, from urti- 
 ca, 'a nettle.' A sort of flagellation, with net- 
 tles ; — used with the intention of exciting the skin. 
 URUCU, Terra Orleana. 
 URYLIC ACID, Uric acid. 
 USNEA, Lichen saxatilis — u. Florida hirta. 
 Lichen plicatus — u. Hirta, Lichen plieatus — u. 
 Plicata, Lichen plicatus 
 
 USSACU, Hura Brasiliensis. 
 USTILAGO, Ergot. 
 USTIO, Burn, Ustion. 
 
 USTION, Us'tio, Causis, from urere, ustum, 'to 
 burn.' The act of burning or of applying the actual 
 eftutery. Also the effect of cauterization j a burn. 
 
 USTULA'TIO, Ustula'tion. A pharmaceutical 
 operation by which a substance is dried by heat. 
 
 USUALIA, Officinals. 
 
 USUS, Habit. 
 
 UTER, Uterus. 
 
 UTERI ADSCENSUS, Hysteria— -u. Antever- 
 sio, Hysteroloxia anterior — u. Carcinoma, Metro- 
 carcinoma — u. Convulsivus morbus, Lorind matri- 
 cis — u. Coryza, LeucoiThoea — u. Exulceratio, Hys- 
 terelcosis — u. Flexio, Hysteroloxia — u. Inclina- 
 tio, Hysteroloxia — u. Obliquitas, Hj'steroloxia — 
 u. Pronatio, Hysteroloxia anterior — u. Pruritus, 
 Nymphomania — u. Eeflexio completa, Hystero- 
 loxia posterior — u. Pi.etroversio, Hysteroloxia 
 posterior — u. Rheuma, Leucorrhoea — u. Ulcus, 
 Hysterelcosis — u. Versio incompleta, Hystero- 
 loxia. 
 
 U'TERINE, ZTteri'nus,iroTn uterus, 'the womb.' 
 That which belongs or relates to the womb. 
 
 Uterine Artery, Arte'ria uteri'na hypogas'- 
 trica. Its size is alwaj'S in a ratio with the 
 greater or less state of development of the uterus. 
 It arises from the hypogastric, either separately 
 or with the umbilical, or from the internal pudic; 
 passes upon the lateral parts of the vagina, to 
 which it gives branches ; and afterwards ascends 
 on the sides of the uterus, and divides into a con- 
 siderable number of very tortuous branches, 
 which enter the tissue of the organ. 
 
 Uterine Muscle op Euysch consists of some 
 fleshy fibres at the fundus of the uterus, which 
 he regarded as forming a particular muscle. 
 
 UTERI'NUS FRATER. In law, a brother 
 by the mother's side. 
 
 UTERO-ABDOMIXAL supporters, see 
 Belt, Russian. 
 
 UTERO-GESTATION, Pregnancy. 
 
 UTEROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 U'TERUS, Uter, Utric'idus, Loci, Loci mulie'- 
 hres, Vulva, Venter, Arviim natu'rcB, Conceptac'- 
 ulum. Matrix, Ager natu'rcB, Hys'tera, Metra, 
 Stera, An'gus, Belphys, Alms, Epompha'lion, 
 Gaster, Mater, Nedys, Postrema, the Wonih, (F.) 
 Matrice, Sein. The uterus, destined to lodge the 
 foetus from the commencement of conception till 
 birth, is a hollow symmetrical organ, having the 
 shape of a truncated conoid : it is situate in the 
 pelvis, between the bladder and the rectum, above 
 the vagina, and below the convolutions of the 
 small intestine. The uterus is flattened from be- 
 fore to behind, and is nearly an inch in thickness. 
 It is two inches broad at its highest part, and 
 becomes narrower towards the vagina ; termina/- 
 ting in a contracted portion, called the cervix or 
 nech, to distinguish it from the rest of the organ, 
 called the hody. From its fundus or upper por- 
 tion, the Fallopian tubes pass off. The mouth is 
 called Os U'teri or Os Tinea. The cavity is very 
 small, and its parietes are thick. The portion of 
 the cavity corresponding with the body is trian- 
 gular and flattened. Its superior angles present 
 the extremely fine orifices of the Fallopian tubes. 
 The cavity of the neck is slightly dilated before 
 opening into the vagina. The uterus is composed, 
 
 1. Of a serous membrane. This is external, and 
 furnished by the peritoneum ; which is reflected 
 upon the uterus from the posterior surfoce of the 
 bladder and the anterior surface of the rectum. 
 It forms, also, the hroad ligaments of the uterus, 
 Ligamen'ta lata. Alee, vespertilio'nis, Re'tia U'teri. 
 These contain, above, the Fallopian tube ; be- 
 neath and anteriorly, the round ligaments; and, 
 behind, the ovary. They are two membranous 
 productions or duplicatures of the peritoneum, 
 sent from the edges of the uterus and posterior 
 extremity of the vagina, in a transverse direction, 
 to be fixed to, and line, the side of the pelvis. 
 
 2. Of a mucous membrane, which is a prolonga- 
 
UTRICLE 
 
 891 
 
 TJVULTTIS 
 
 tion of that of the vagina, and extends into the 
 tubes. 3. Of a proper tissue, whose thickness is 
 considerable. It is of a close texture ; is grayish 
 aa(t elastic ; and resists the instrument that di- 
 vides it. Its intimate nature is but little known. 
 Daring gestation it is truly muscular. The arte- 
 ries of the uterus proceed from the spermatic and 
 hypogastric. Its veins follow the same coarse, 
 and bear the same name as the arteries. They 
 are very tortuous, and form large sinuses in the 
 parietes of the organ, called U'terine Si'nuses. 
 Its nerves proceed from the sciatic and hypogas- 
 tric plexuses. Its lymphatic vessels are very 
 maltiplied ; and during pregnancy acquire enor- 
 mous dimensions. The changes experienced by 
 the uterus during gestation, and after delivery, 
 are very numerous and important to be known. 
 They regard its situation, direction, size, shape, 
 texture, connexions, vital properties, <fcc. 
 
 Uterus, Abdomen — u. Anteversion of the, 
 Eysteroloxia anterior. 
 
 Uterus Bif'idus. A double uterus. One se- 
 parated into two cavities. 
 
 Uterus Duplex, Dihysterla — u. Hour-glass 
 contraction of the, Chaton — u. Inclinatus, Hyste- 
 roloxia. 
 
 Uterus, Ib'ritable, Neurnl'gia of the Uterus. 
 A disease characterized by deep-seated pain in 
 the lower part of the abdomen, and in the back 
 and loins ; generally diminished by lying down, 
 and increased by exercise, and more severe for a 
 few days preceding and during menstruation. 
 On examination per vaginam, the uterus is found 
 to be tender on pressure; and the cervix and 
 body slightly swollen, but not usually indurated. 
 It is an obstinate affection, but frequently ends 
 of itself after years of suffering. The treatment 
 must be, — the horizontal posture; local blood- 
 letting to the uterus ; emollients ; soothing in- 
 jections ; narcotics, warm bath, &c. See Hyste- 
 ralgia. 
 
 Uterus, Intension of the, Inver'sio U'teri, 
 Iletranas' trophe, yEdopto'sis Uteri inver'sa, (P.) 
 Inversion de la Matrice, Renversement de la Ma- 
 trice. The uterus, displaced and turned inside 
 out. This can only happen through want of cau- 
 tion on the part of the medical practitioner. It 
 is a fatal accident, unless speedily reduced. This 
 must be done by gradually returning the superior 
 part, by grasping it with the hand, and making 
 the rest follow. 
 
 Uterus Masculinus, see Ejaculatory ducts — 
 n. Obliquus, Hj'steroloxia — u. Retroversion of 
 the, Hysteroloxia j)osterior. 
 
 Uterus, Rupture of the, 3fetrorrhex'x»^ I^y^- 
 terorrhex'is, Hiipfu'ra Uteri, Perfora'tio Uteri, 
 Laceration of the Womh, (P.) Rupture de la 3Ta- 
 trice. This dreadful accident occurs during la- 
 bour, and is known to have taken place, when 
 the child's head suddenly recedes during a pain, 
 with vomiting, sinking of the pulse, cold sweats, 
 &c. When it is evident that this has occurred, 
 the hand must be passed into the uterus, and the 
 feet of the child be brought down. 
 
 Cases are on record, ia which partial lacera- 
 tions of the uterus have healed, and the patient 
 has done well. This ia a rare event, and not to 
 be anticipated. 
 
 UTRICLE, see Ssraicircular canals. 
 
 LTTRIC'ULAR, Utricida'ris ; from ntrieuhts, 
 'a small bag or bottle.' Relating to or resem- 
 bling a small bag or bottle. 
 
 Utricular Glands, Glan'dulce ntricula'res. 
 The glands or follicles rn the interior of the ute-' 
 rus, which are concerned in the formation of the 
 deeidua. 
 
 UTRICULUS, see Ejaculatory ducts. Uterus— 
 u. Communis, see Semicircular canals — u. Lac.- 
 teus, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 UYA, Uvula, see Vitis vinifera — u. Inversa, 
 Paris — u. Lupina, Paris — u. Ursi, see Arbutua 
 uva ursi — u. Vulpina, Paris. 
 
 X^YJE Corinthiace, see Vitis Corinthiaca. 
 
 Uv^ Pass^, Rhages, Dried Grajies, Raisins, 
 see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 Uv^ PasSjE Majores, see Vitis vinifera — u- 
 Passse minores, see Vitis Corinthiaca — u. Pass® 
 sole siecatfie, see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 UVATIO, Ceratocele, Staphyloma. 
 
 U' VE A, from vva, ' an unripe grape.' Tu'nica 
 acino'sa seu acinifor'mis seu uva'lis seu acina'lin 
 seu iivifor'inis, RhagoVdes, Tu'nica rhago'ides seu 
 uvea seu perfora'ta, Memhrana uvea, Rliox, (F.) 
 Uvee. Some anatomists have given this name to 
 the choroid coat of the eye; others, to the poste- 
 rior layer of the iris, on account of the black and 
 very thick varnish that covers it. 
 
 Uvea, Commissure of the, Ciliary ligament, 
 
 UVEE, Uvea. 
 
 UVEI'TIS; a word of hybrid formation; from 
 uvea, 'the uvea,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion ; properly, Rhagode'i'tis. Inflammation of 
 the uvea. 
 
 UVIGENA, Uvula. 
 
 UVIGERA, Uvula. 
 
 UVULA, diminutive of uva, ' a grape.' Pin- 
 nac'ulum for'nicis guttura'lia, Uva, Staph'yle, 
 Tintinnah'ulum, Goluwel'la, Cion, Ci'onis, Gar- 
 ga'reon, Colum'na oris, Gurgu'lio, Jntersep'tum, 
 Processus seu Cartila'go U'vifer, Uvig"ena, Uvig"- 
 era, Pctp of the Throat, Ilimas, Plectrum, Sub- 
 lin'gua, Sublin'guium, (F.) Luette. A fleshy ap- 
 pendix or prolongation, which hangs from the 
 middle or free edge of the velum palati. The 
 uvula has a conical shape, and is of a greater or 
 less size in individuals. It is formed, especially, 
 by the mucous membrane of the velum palati; 
 and contains, within it, the azygos uvulaj muscle. 
 Its use is not clear. 
 
 Also, a small prominence or lobule in the por- 
 tion of the cerebellum that forms the posterior 
 boundary of the fourth ventricle. It is on the. 
 median line, and behind the nodulus. 
 
 Uvula, see Vermiform process inferior — u. 
 Docidua, Staphylcedema — u. Relaxata, Staph j'- 
 lo^dema— u. Vesiece, see Urinary bladder — u. Ve- 
 sical, see Urinary bladder. 
 
 U'VULAR, Uvula'ris, from xivula. That which 
 belongs to the uvula. 
 
 Uvular Glands are small follicles, belonging 
 to the mucous membrane covering the uvula. 
 
 UVULARIA, Ruscus hypoglossum. 
 
 Uvula'ria Perfolia'ta, Smaller Bellwort ; 
 indigenous: Order, MelanthaeeaB ; flowering in 
 May and June. The root, when fresh, is subacrid 
 ancl mucilaginous. A decoction of the plant is 
 used in sore mouth. It is said to cure the bites 
 of rattlesnakes. 
 
 UVULI'TIS, a word of hyhrid formation, from 
 uvula, and itis, denoting inflammation. Angi'na 
 uvula'ris, Staphyli'tis, Cioni'tis, Inflamma'tio 
 u'vidcB, (F.) Inflammation de la Luette, Falling 
 doion of the Palate. Inflammation of the uvula. 
 
VACCDT 
 
 892 
 
 VACCINIUM 
 
 Y. 
 
 VACCIN', see Vaccina. 
 
 VACCI'NA, Vaccin'ia, Vari'ola vaccina, V. 
 vaccin'ica, V. tuto'ria, V. tutrix, Exanthe'ma vac- 
 cina, E. antivariolo' sum, Syn'ocha vaccina, Vac- 
 ei'ola, Vacci'ola vera, Vacci'na primig"ena seu 
 vacciiiato'ria seu antivariolo' sa, Vacciola scutel- 
 la'ta, Vari'olm tuto'ria, Cow-pox, Kine Pock, 
 Inoc'ulated Cow-pox, Emphly'sis vaccina inser'ta, 
 froiavacca, 'acow;'(E.) Vaccine. The cow-pox 
 is a disease of the cow, arising spontaneously, 
 which, if transmitted to man by means of inocu- 
 lation, may preserve him from small-pox conta- 
 gion. The promulgation of this valuable pro- 
 perty of the vaccine virus is due to Dr. Jenner. 
 When inoculating for small-pox in Gloucester- 
 shire, in 1775, he was surprised to meet with a 
 number of persons in the same district, on whom 
 the insertion of the virus produced no effect, 
 although they had never passed through the 
 small-pox. On investigation, he found that all 
 these persons had previously been affected by a 
 pustular eruption of the cow, which they had 
 taken by milking the animal ; and which erup- 
 tion they called Cow-pox. This discovery in- 
 duced him to institute experiments, and he found 
 that such preservative effect actually existed. 
 The Vaccine Virus, Virus Vacci'num, (F.) Vac- 
 cin, or the fluid of the eruption, is not now usu- 
 ally taken immediately from the cow ; experience 
 having demonstrated, that it is nearly as effica- 
 cious when obtained from the human vesicle. 
 The characteristic of cow-pox eruption is : — a 
 semi-transparent, pearl-coloured vesicle, with a 
 circular or somewhat oval base ; its upper sur- 
 face, until the end of the 8th day, being more 
 elevated at the margin than in the centre; and 
 the margin itself being turgid, shining, and 
 rounded, so as often to extend a little over the 
 line of the base. This vesicle is filled with clear 
 lymph ; contained in numerous little cells, that 
 communicate with each other. After the 8th or 
 9th day from the insertion of the virus, it is sur- 
 rounded by a bright red, circumscribed areola, 
 which varies in its diameter, in different eases, 
 from a quarter of an inch to two inches; and is 
 usually attended with a considerable tumour, and 
 hardness of the adjoining areolar membrane. 
 This areola declines on the 11th or 12th day; the 
 surface of the vesicle then becomes brown in the 
 \ centre ; and the fluid in the cells gradually con- 
 
 cretes into a hard, rounded scab or crust, of a 
 reddish-brown colour, which at length becomes 
 darker, contracted, and dry, but is not detached 
 till three weeks after vaccination. It leaves a 
 permanent, circular cicatrix, about five lines in 
 diameter, and a little depressed ; the surface 
 being marked with very minute pits or indenta- 
 tions, denoting the number of cells of which the 
 vesicle had been composed. This is the progress 
 of the genuine cow-pox. At times, fever occurs 
 about the 9th or 11th daj'; but, at others, not the 
 slightest indisposition is felt. Aberrations from 
 this progress occur, which must be attended to ; 
 as the same preservative influence is not exerted 
 liy irregular or spurious cow-pox. If the erup- 
 Uon runs speedily to a height, has an aureola too 
 early, is irregular at its edges, and contains pus 
 instead of a limpid fluid, — it cannot at all be 
 depended upon. 
 
 Small-pox occurs, at times, as an epidemic af- 
 ter vaccination. For a while, the enthusiastic 
 advocates of vaccination would not admit the 
 aflfeetion to be small-pox ; and, accordingly, they 
 
 gave it tte name Varioloid. It is unquestionably 
 small-pox, but modified, and greatly divested of 
 its terrors by previous vaccination ; and it is 
 said to happen less frequently after vaccination 
 than after small-pox inoculation. Vaccination is 
 now practised every where, except among those 
 in whom ignorance and prejudice exclude the 
 lights of reason and philanthropy. There is 
 ground, however, for the belief, that for full pro- 
 tection revaccination may be occasionally neces- 
 sary. 
 
 Vaccina Antivakiolosa, Vaccina — v. Primi- 
 gena. Vaccina — v. Tutoria, Vaccina — v. Tutrix, 
 Vaccina — v. Vaccinatoria, Vaccina. 
 
 VACChVAL, Vaccine. 
 
 VACCIXA'TION, Vacciiia'tio, from vomica, 'a 
 cow;' Cow-pox inoculation, Jenne'rian inocula- 
 tion. An operation which consists in inserting 
 the vaccine virus under the cuticle, so that it may 
 come in contact with the absorbents. It is ex- 
 tremely simple, and requires merely that the 
 point of the lancet should be held under the 
 cuticle for a short time. The best time for tak- 
 ing the matter from the Coic-pox vesicle, for vac- 
 cination, is about the 7th or 8th day, before the 
 appearance of the aureola, when it ought to be 
 limpid and transparent. The most certain me- 
 thod is, to pass it from arm to arm ; but this is 
 not always convenient; and, hence it is taken 
 upon points or pieces of quill, or between glasses. 
 It must, of course, be softened for use. This is 
 done by means of a little water, which does not 
 destroy its efficiency. The scab, too, which falls 
 off about the end of three weeks — sooner or later 
 — is capable of communicating the affection, if 
 dissolved in water; and this is the most common 
 method of transmitting the vaccine virus in some 
 countries. 
 
 VAC'CINATOll, Vac'cinist, one who inoculates 
 for the cow-pox. 
 
 VACCINE, Vaccina. 
 
 Vaccine, Vacci'nus, Vaccina'h's, (F.) Vaccinal/ 
 same etymon. Relating or appertaining to vac- 
 cination, as the ' vaccine vesicle,' 'a vaccine phy- 
 sician.' 
 
 VACCINEL'LA. A term employed by some 
 to designate spurious cow-pox. — Vacciji'ois, Vac- 
 ci'ola spn'ria seu lepro'sa. 
 
 VACCIXIA, Vaccina — v. Palustris, Vaccinium 
 oxycoccos. 
 
 VACCINIST, Vaccinator. 
 
 VACCINIUM MACROCAEPOX, see V. oxy- 
 coccos. 
 
 Vaccin'iusi Myrtil'lus, Vitis idm'a myrtiV- 
 lus. The Myrtle Berry, Vaccin'ia viyrtil'lus, Bil- 
 berry, Blea-herry, Whortle-berry, Black Whorts, 
 Vaecin'ium nigrum, (F.) Airclle Anguleuse, liai- 
 sin de Boi's. Family, Vaccineaj. Sex. Syst. Oc- 
 tandria Monogynia. The berries — Bacca Jfyr- 
 tillo'rum — are esteemed to be antiscorbutic, 
 when prepared with vinegar. They are also said 
 to possess antiseptic and sub-astringent properties 
 when dried. They are not used in medicine; but 
 are frequently eaten with milk and sugar. 
 
 Vaccinium Xiguum, V. myrtillus. 
 
 Vaccinium Oxvcoc'cos, Oxycoc'cos, O.pahta'- 
 tris, Schollera oxycoccos, Vaccinia palus'tris, Vitis 
 Idas'a palus'tris, Jfoorberry, Cranberry, 3Ioss- 
 berry, Swamp Bedberry, Sourberry, (F.) Canne- 
 berge. The berries are pleasantly acid and cool- 
 ing. They make an agreeable preserve. The 
 conimon American Cranberry is from Vaccinium 
 macrocarpon. 
 
VACCINOIS 
 
 893 
 
 VALERIANA 
 
 Yaccin'ium PtTifCTATUM, V. vitis idasa — v. 
 Resinosum, Gaj'lussacia resinosa- 
 
 Yaccisium Stamin'eum, Buclcherry, Squaw 
 Hucldehernj, Beerherry. The leaves of these 
 plants are astringent. 
 
 Yaccixium Vitis Id^'a, V. pmicta'tmn, Vih's 
 Idm'a 2}'(ncta'ta, Bed Bilberry, Am'i^elos Idce'a, 
 Whortleberry, Cowberry, (¥.) Airelle ou Canne- 
 lerge ponctuee. A decoction of the leaves has 
 been used in calculous affections. They are as- 
 tringent. The ripe berries are pleasantly acid, 
 and refrigerant. Whortleberries are furnished by 
 different species of Vaccinium, 
 
 YACCINOIS, Vaceinella. ' 
 
 VACCINUS, Vaccine. 
 
 VAC CI OLA, Vaccina — v. Leprosa, Vacei- 
 nella — V. Scutellata, Vaccina — v. Spuria, Vac- 
 einella — v. Vera, Vaccina. 
 
 YACILLA'TIO, Tituba'tio, from vacillare, 'to 
 waver.' Staggering; waddling — claudica'tio 
 anat'ica. 
 
 Vacillatio Dentium, Odontoseisis. 
 
 YAGIN, Vagina. 
 
 VAGI'ISTA, 'a sheath,' Vagi'na mulie'lris 
 seu uteri'na seu TJ'teri seu Penis, Sinus miilie'- 
 hris sou Pudo'ris seu Pvden'di, Col'eus, Peris, 
 Perin, Oolpos, Vidvo-iiterine canal, (F.) Vagin. 
 A cylindrical canal, five or six inches long; 
 situate within the pelvis, between the bladder 
 dnd rectum. It communicates by one extremity, 
 Aides, with the vulva; by the other, with the 
 womb, the neck of which it embraces. The va- 
 gina is lined, internally, by a mucous membrane ; 
 and is partly closed, in young females, by the 
 hymen, and carunculae myrtiformes. — Around 
 the mucous membrane is a layer of spongy, erec- 
 tile tissue; and a cellulo-vascular membrane. A 
 constrictor muscle; numerous vessels furnished 
 by the vaginal artery, particularly; veins and 
 nerves, proceeding from the sciatic plexus, also, 
 enter into the composition of the organ. 
 
 The term Vagina or sheath, Theca, is extended 
 to many parts, which serve as envelopes to others. 
 
 Sheath, (F.) Gaine, is sometimes applied to the 
 fascia enveloping the limbs ; to areolar mem- 
 brane, enveloping the muscles, and entering be- 
 tween their fibres ; to that which surrounds the 
 blood-vessels ; to the synovial membranes sur- 
 rounding tendons, and lining the gutters of 
 bones, &o. 
 
 Vagina Cordis, Pericardium — v, Femoris, 
 Fascia lata aponeurosis — v. Funiculi Umbilica- 
 lis, see Funiculus umbilicalis — v. Glissonii, Cap- 
 sule of Glisson — V. Malleolaris externa. Retina- 
 culum tendinum perinasorum — v. Muliebris, Va- 
 gina — V. Muscularis, Perimysium — v. Nervorum, 
 Keurilemma — v. Penis, Vagina — v. Portaj, Cap- 
 sule of Glisson — V. Uterina, Vagina. 
 
 Vagin^a op the Vena Porta, Sheath of the 
 Vena Porta, (F.) Gaine de la Veine-porte, is the 
 areolar membrane that accompanies the divisions 
 of the vena porta into the substance of the liver. 
 
 VAGINAE SYNOVIALES, Burste mucosa;. 
 
 VAG"INAL, Vagina' lis, from vagina, 'a 
 sheath.' — Relating or pertaining to a sheath. 
 
 Vaginal Arteey. This exists, as a matter of 
 course, only in the female. It arises from the 
 hypogastric or from the uterine, vesical, internal 
 pudic, umbilical, &e., and sends its branches, 
 first to the lateral parts of the vagina, and after- 
 wards to the anterior and posterior surfaces. 
 
 Vaginal Bil'iary Plexus. A plexus of rami- 
 fications of the hepatic duct through the capsule 
 of Glisson. 
 
 Vaginal Branches of the Vena Porta are 
 those which have to pass through the sheath of 
 the ("ippiilo of Glisson. previous to entering the 
 interlobular spaces. In this course, they form 
 
 the vaginal plexus. There are, also, vaginal 
 branches, and a vaginal plexus formed by the 
 hepatic artery. 
 
 Vaginal Coat of the Eye, see Eye. 
 
 Vaginal Coat op the Testicle, Tu'nica Va. 
 gina'lis, T. EhjtroVdes vel Elytro'dcs, is the se- 
 rous membrane which envelops the testicle. Be- 
 fore the descent of the testicle, the tunica vagi- 
 nalis does not exist. It is formed by a prolonga- 
 tion, furnished by the peritoneum to the testicle 
 when it issues from the abdomen. The tunica 
 vaginalis forms a close sac, investing the testicle 
 and epididymis, without containing them in its 
 cavity, and reflected so as to form a bag around 
 the circumference of the testis; hence it is divided 
 into Tu'nica vagina'lis pro'pria and Tu'nica va- 
 gina'lis reflex' a. Between the two layers, the 
 inner surface is smooth, and lubricated by a 
 serous fluid. 
 
 Vaginal Ganglia, see Spermatic ganglion. 
 
 Vaginal Plexus, see Vaginal branches of the 
 vena porta. 
 
 Vaginal Process op the Tesfporal Bone, 
 (F.) Apophyse vaginale ou engatnante. Game de 
 Vapophyse stylo'ide, Chaton, is a bony crista, which 
 embraces the base of the styloid process. 
 
 VAGINITIS, Leucorrhoea (vaginal.) 
 
 VAGISSE31ENT, Cry, Vagitus. 
 
 VAGI'TUS, (F.) Vag'issement. The cry of the 
 new-born child. Squalling. 
 
 Vagi'tus Uteri'nus. The cry of the child in 
 utero. 
 
 VAGUS NERVUS, Pneumogastric. 
 
 VAIBOA^ {¥.), Bis'par oc'ulus. One who has 
 eyes of difi"erent colours. It also means a vjalU 
 eyed animal, or one whose iris is surrounded by a 
 whitish circle. 
 
 VAISSEAU, Vessel — v. Sanguin, Blood- 
 vessel, 
 
 VAISSEA UX CAPILLAIRES, Capillary ves- 
 sels — V. Chyliferes. Chyliferous vessels — v. Lac- 
 tes, Chyliferous vessels — v. Lactiferes, Lactife- 
 rous vessels — v. Ombilicanx, Umbilical vessels. 
 
 VALANIDA, Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 VALANTIA APARINE, Galium aparine. 
 
 VALERIAN, AMERICAN, Cypripedium lu- 
 teum, Valeriana pauciflora — v. Garden, Vale- 
 riana phu — V. Greek, Polemonium reptans — v. 
 Officinal, Valeriana — v. Wild, Valeriana. 
 
 VALERIA'NA, V. officina'lis, Wild Vale'rian, 
 Valeriana minor, Offic"inal Valerian. Family, 
 Dipsaceas. Sex. Syst. Triandria Monogynia. The 
 root, Valeria'na, (Ph. U. S.) has been long ex- 
 tolled as an efficacious remedy in epilepsy, and 
 in a variety of nervous complaints. It has been 
 also advised as a tonic, antispasmodic, and em- 
 menagogue. It has a strong, fetid odour ; bit- 
 terish, subacrid, and warm taste ; and its virtues 
 are extracted by water and alcohol. 
 
 Valeriana Capen'sis, a South African spe- 
 cies, has similar virtues. 
 
 Valeriana Celt'ica, V. Saxat'ilis, Celtic Nard, 
 Spica Cel'tica, S. Alpi'na, Nardus Cel'tica, Sa~ 
 liun'ca, Nardum Gall'icum, Spica Cel'tica Dios~ 
 cor'idis, (F.) Nard Celtique. The roots of thi3 
 Alpine plant have been recommended as a sto- 
 machic, carminative and diuretic. It has a mo- 
 derately strong smell, and a warm, bitterish, sub- 
 acrid taste. 
 
 Valeriana Denta'ta, V. locus'ta, Corn Salad. 
 A wholesome, succulent plant, cultivated in Eu- 
 rope as a salad. It is antiscorbutic and gently 
 aperient. 
 
 Valeriana Major, V. phu — v. Loeusta, V. 
 dentata — v. Minor, Valeriana — v. Ofiicinalis, 
 Valeriana. 
 
 Valeriana Pauciplo'ra, Amerir^n Vale'- 
 rian, has the properties of the other Valerians. 
 
VALERIANE 
 
 894 
 
 VARICELLA 
 
 Valeriana Pitu, V. major, Garden Valerian, 
 (F.) Grand VaUrinne. The root has been re- 
 commended in rheumatism; especialJy in sciatica, 
 and in epilepsj^ 
 
 Valeriana Saxatilis, V. celtica. 
 
 VALERIANE GRAND, Valeriana phu. 
 
 VALET A PATIN (F.), Volsel'la Pati'ni. 
 The common ligature forceps is a modification of 
 this instrument invented by one Patin. It con- 
 sists of two branches, united at the middle by a 
 hinge, which may be separated or approximated 
 by means of a screw or running ring. It is used 
 for seizing hold of vessels that are to be tied. 
 
 VALETUDINARIUM, Hospital. 
 
 VALETUDINARIUS, Sickly, Valetudinary. 
 
 VALETU'DINARY, Valetu'dina'rian, Valetu- 
 dina'rius, Inval'idus, from valetudo, ' health.' — 
 One of delicate health. One subject to frequent 
 diseases. An Invalid. 
 
 VALETUDO, Sanitas— V. Adversa, Disease— 
 V. Bona, Sanitas — v. Commoda, Sanitas — v. Se- 
 cunda, Sanitas. 
 
 VALGUS, see Eyllosis 
 
 VALIGA, Tinctura jalapii. 
 
 VALITUDO, Sanita?. 
 
 VALLECULA, Valley. 
 
 VALLEY, Vallec'ida, (F.) Grand Scissure 3Ie- 
 diane du Cerveht. The deep fissure on the infe- 
 rior part of the cerebellum, which divides it into 
 two symmetrical portions. 
 
 V A L L U M. The eyebrow or supercilium. 
 Also, a species of bandage. — Galen. 
 
 VALS, MINERAL WATERS OF. A French 
 acidulous chalybeate at Vals, six leagues from 
 Viviers, in the department of Ardeche. There 
 are five springs, containing carbonic acid, sul- 
 phate of iron, and alum. They are employed in 
 passive hemorrhages, leucorrhcea, &c. 
 
 VALVE, Val'vula, Diclis, (F.) Valvule, from 
 valocB, 'folding-doors,' itself from volvo, ' I fold 
 up.' A small door. Any membrane or duplica- 
 ture of a membrane, which prevents a reflux of 
 humours or other matters in the vessels and 
 canals of the animal body. There are some 
 valves, whose functions appear to be,— to retard 
 or to modify the course of substances along canals, 
 &c. See mitral, sigmoid, tricuspid, ileo-coecal 
 valve, <fec. 
 
 Valve of Fallopius, Bauhin. valve of — v. 
 Ileo-eoecal, Bauhin, valve of — v. Ileo-colic, Bau- 
 hin, valve of — v. of Tulpius, Bauhin, valve of — v. 
 of Varolins, Bauhin, valve of 
 
 VALVES, SEMILUNAR, Sigmoid valves. 
 
 VALVULA, Valve — v. Caeei, Bauhin, valve of 
 — V. Cerebelli, Valvula Vieussenii — v. Coli, Bau- 
 hin, valve of — V. Foraminis ovalis, Ovalis fossa 
 — V. Guiffnrtiana, see Thebesius, veins of — v. 
 Ilei, Bauhin, valve of — v. Magna Cerebri, V. 
 Vieussenii. 
 
 Valvula Semiluna'ris, Plica Semiluna'ris, 
 Memhran' nla semihma'ris eonfuncti'va. Plica lu- 
 na'ta. A small doubling of the tunica conjunc- 
 tiva, which lies between the caruncula lacryma- 
 lis and the ball of the eye. In birds, this is 
 large, and called Memhra'na nic'titans vel PaV- 
 jjehra ter'tia. 
 
 Valvula Takim, Velum medullare postcrius 
 • — v. Thcbesii, see Thebesius, veins of — v. Va- 
 ginae, Hymen — v. Venae magnse, see Thebesius, 
 valve of. 
 
 Valvula Viuesse'nii, Vehim Vieussenii, Val'- 
 vula cerehel'li sou Willisia'na seu mar/na cer'ehri, 
 
 Vettim interjec'tum cerebelli, V. apoph'j/si vcrmi- 
 formi ohteutitm, Lncu'nar ventric'uli qvarti supe- 
 rior, Velum medidla're seu medvlla're onti'cum 
 gfM ante'rias, (F.) Valoule de Vicussens, Voile 
 mr.duUaire snpeiieure. A thin, medullary lamina, 
 
 over the under end of the Aqueediictus Sylvii and 
 upper part of the fourth ventricle. At the sides 
 of the valves are two medullary tracts, called 
 Process'us ad Testes, Colum'ncB Val'vidm Vieus- 
 senii, or Oblique intercer' ebral Com' missure. 
 Valvula Willisiana, Valvula Vieussenii. 
 VALVULE BICUSPIDALES, Mitral valve.«. 
 Valvule Conniven'tes. Numerous circular 
 folds in the intestinal canal from the pyloric ori- 
 fice through the greater part of the small intes- 
 tine. They are folds of the mucous membrane ; 
 and their chief use appears to be, to retard the 
 course of the alimentary mass, and to afford a 
 larger surface for the origin of chyliferous vessels. 
 Valvul^e Cordis, Ostiola cordis — v. Cordis 
 mitrales. Mitral valves — v. Triglochines, Tricus- 
 pid valves — V. Trisulcee, Tricuspid valves. 
 
 VAL VULE, Valve — v. d'Eustache, Eustachian 
 valve— u. de Pylore, see Pylorus — v. de Vieussens, 
 Valvula Vieussenii. 
 
 VAL VULES, V. Episcopalea, Mitral valves — 
 V. Sigmo'ides ou Semilunaires, Sigmoid valves. 
 VANELLOE, Vanilla. 
 
 VANIL'LA, Banil'ia, Banilas, Banilloes, Ba- 
 nilla, Benzo'enil, Ar'acus aromat'icus, (F.) Va- 
 nille, Baume de Vanille. The Vanelloe — Sil'iqua 
 vanill'cB seu BanilVa seu Vanic/lice seu vanillim 
 SQU-Ar'aci aromat'ici — is a long, flattish pod; 
 containing, under a wrinkled, brittle shell, a red- 
 dish-brown pulp, with small, shining, black seeds. 
 The parasitic plant which afi'ords this pod is the 
 Epiden'drum Vanilla, Vanill'a aromat'ica seu 
 Mexica'na. Family, Orchidese. Sex. Syst. Gy- 
 nandria Monandria. Vanelloes have an unctuous, 
 aromatic taste, and a fragrant smell, like that of 
 some of the finer balsams, heightened with musk, 
 Although chiefly used as perfumes, they are re- 
 puted to possess aphrodisiac virtues. 
 Vanilla Aromatica, see Vanilla. 
 VAPEURS, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria. 
 VAPORA'RIUM, Atmiste'rion, Lacon'icvm, 
 Py'n'a, Pyriate'rium, Vapour batli. A useful 
 remedy in rheumatic and cutaneous affections ; 
 and wherever it is important to relax the cuta- 
 neous capillaries. In the Russian Vapour Bath, 
 the vapour is produced by throwing water over 
 hot stones. Its temperature is from 122° to 145°. 
 Vaporarium, Hypocaustum, see Stove. 
 VAPORATIO, Evaporation. 
 VAPORES UTERINI, Hysteria. 
 VAPOUR, Flatulence — v. Bath, Vaporarium. 
 VAPOURISH, Hypochondriac, Hysterical. 
 VAPOUROUS, Windy. 
 VAPOURS, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria. 
 VAPOURY, Hypochondriacal, Hysterical. 
 VARA, Barre. 
 
 VAREC, Kelp — v. Vesiculeux, Futus vesicu- 
 losus. 
 
 VARENI, Ambulo-flatulentus, Gout (wander- 
 ing.) 
 
 VARICE, Varix. 
 
 VARICELL'A, (diminutive of Variola, Small, 
 pox,) Em'plilysis varicella, Exanthe'ma va -icella, 
 Syn'ochus varicella, Chicken pox, Variola lym- 
 phat'ica, V. spu'ria, V. sylves'iris, Variolas no- 
 thcB, V. ■illegit'imcB, Pseudo-variolce. V. volat'ica, 
 V. pucellm, -tEoll'ion, JEol'lium, (F.) Varicelle, 
 Petite verole volante, Verolette. A disease cha- 
 racterized by vesicles scattered over tlie body, 
 which are glabrous, transparent, and about the 
 size of peas. They appear in successive crops, 
 are covered by a thin pellicle, and, about the 
 third, fourth, or fifth day from their appearance, 
 burst at the top, and concrete into small, puck- 
 ered scabs, which rarely leave a pit in the skin. 
 Three varieties have, sometimes, been designated. 
 1. The V. lentiformea, or lentictdar chicken pox. 
 
VARICIFORMES 
 
 895 
 
 VARIOLOID 
 
 which are irregularly circular, and flattened on 
 the top; the fluid being at first whitish, and af- 
 terwards straw-coloured. This is the common 
 chic7;eii pox. 2. The Varicella conifor'mis, Co- 
 rtoi'dal Chicken Pox, Pem'pMffus variola' des. Va- 
 riola li/mp7iat'ica, Hydrach'ni^, Swine Pox, Water 
 Pox, Water Jac/s, in which the vesicles are 
 generally acuminated, and the fluid pellucid 
 throughout; and, 3dly, the Varieel'la glolnda'- 
 ris or Hives, in which the vesicles are globular 
 and larger ; the fluid being, at iirst, whey- 
 coloured, and afterwards yellowish. These divi- 
 sions are, however, very arbitrary, for they are 
 generally confounded. 
 
 Variola has been, sometimes, mistaken for this 
 disease, and conversely. A little attention to the 
 history of the eruption in the two affections will 
 prevent error. Varicella is not contagious. At 
 times, it prevails epidemically. It eannot be 
 propagated by inoculation. The treatment is 
 extremely simple ; rest, abstinence, and the an- 
 tiphlogistic regimen, being all that is generally 
 required. 
 
 Varicella Vamoloidea, Varioloid. 
 
 VARICIFOR'MES PARAS'TATiE. A name 
 given, by some authors, to the duets of the epi- 
 didymis, because thev seem knotty and varicose. 
 
 VARICOBLEPH'ARON, {rom'varix, and I3\c- 
 (papov, 'eyelid.' A varicose tumour of the eyelid. 
 
 VARICOCE'LE, from varix, and Kn\>i, 'a. tu- 
 mour;' Oscheoce'le varico'sa, Her'nia varico'sa, 
 liamex varico'sns, Spermatoce'le, Cirsoeele. A 
 varicose dilatation of the veins of the scrotum 
 and spermatic cord. This latter variety of the 
 disease is more common on the left side than the 
 right. It appears under the form of a soft, 
 doughy, unequal, knotty, compressible, and in- 
 dolent tumour, situate in the course of the cord, 
 and increasing from below upwards. It is less 
 when the individual is in the recumbent posture, 
 and increases when he is erect. It is, ordinarily, 
 an affection of no moment, and is very common, 
 requiring merely the use of a proper suspensory 
 bandage. It has been advised, in bad cases, to 
 tie the enlarged vein, but the operation is not free 
 from danger induced by phlebitis. Sir A. Cooper 
 has proposed the removal of a portion of the scro- 
 tum, so as to render the remainder of the scrotum 
 a natural bandage. This plan has been found 
 effectual. 
 
 VARICOM'PHALUS, from varix, and on<pa\og, 
 ' the umbilicus.' Varicose tumour of the umbili- 
 cus; cirsomphalus. 
 
 VAR'ICOSE, Varico'sus, (F.) Variqtieux. 
 Affected with varix; or belonging to, or con- 
 nected vfiih, varix: — as a varicose vein, a vari- 
 cose idcer, that is, one kept up by varices. 
 
 V/\.RICOSITAS CONJUNCTIViE, Cirsoph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 VARIC'ULA, Varix parva. A diminutive of 
 varix. Also, a varicose swelling of the veins of 
 the tunica conjunctiva. — M. A. Severinus. 
 
 VARI'OLA, VariolcB, V. vera, Varioli, Small- 
 Pox, Empiye'sis Variola, EupMog"ia, Chaspe, 
 JEolee'thyma, Pox (N. of England), Pestis vari- 
 olo'sa, Fehris variolo'sa; from varius, 'spotted,' 
 or from vari, 'pimples;' (F.) Variole, Petit Ve- 
 role, Picote. A disease, now of somewhat less 
 interest than before the discovery of vaccination. 
 It is of a very contagious nature, and is supposed 
 to have been introduced into Europe from Asia, 
 at an early period of the middle ages. It is cha- 
 racterized bj- fever, with pustules, appearing from 
 the third to the fifth day, and suppurating from 
 the eighth to the tenth, and it possesses all the 
 distinctive properties of the major exanthemata. 
 It is capable of being produced by inoculation, 
 
 but this inoculated small-pox — Vari'ola inser'tn 
 — communicates the disease as readily through 
 the air as the natural small-pox, or that received 
 without inoculation. 
 
 Small-pox is distinguished into two classes, 
 according to the character of the eruption, the 
 discrete or distinct, and the confluent. 1. In Va- 
 KIOLA Discre'ta, Empyesis variola discreta. Va- 
 riola discreta benig'na, VariolcB rer/nlares seu 
 discretm. Distinct Small-pox, the pustules are 
 usually of the size of peas; distinct, distended, 
 and circular ; the intervening spaces being red ; 
 the fever inflammatory throughout, and ceasing 
 when the eruption is complete. 2. In Variola 
 Con'fluess, Empi/esis variola confluens, VariolcB 
 regida'res confiuen'tes, Vesic'idcs DircB Bar'hara;, 
 Vesicnles de Sainte-Barhe or Confluent Small- 
 pox, the pustules are confluent, or run together ; 
 flaccid and irregularly circumscribed; the inter- 
 vening spaces being pale, and the accompanying 
 fever typhoid. In children, diarrhoea, and, in 
 adults, ptyalism, with swelling of the hands and 
 feet, generallj' appear, towards the period of the 
 sec'ondary fever, which occurs from the tenth to 
 the thirteenth day. The fever that precedes and 
 accompanies the eruption is called the Eruptive 
 fever. The prognosis is favourable in the dis- 
 tinct kind, if properly managed. The confluent 
 is always dangerous, — the unfavourable symp- 
 toms being — flattening of the pustules, or subsi- 
 dence of the eruption ; the breathing becoming 
 much obstructed or oppressed ; or marks of in- 
 flammatory and congestive affections occurring in 
 the different viscera. The treatment of the dis- 
 tinct kind is very simple : the antiphlogistic re- 
 gimen, with cathartics, being all that is neces- 
 sary. The confluemt kind requires the same 
 management as typhus fever. 
 
 "When the pimples are confluent in patches, the 
 patches, being, however, separated by intervals 
 of unaffected skin ; it constitutes the clustered, 
 coherent, or corymbose variety — Vari'ola eori/m- 
 ho'sa. 
 
 Variola Amboinensis, Framboesia — v. Corym- 
 bosa, see Variola^v. Inserta., Variola (by inocu- 
 lation) — V. Lymphatica, Varicella — v. Mitigata, 
 Varioloid. 
 
 Vari'ola sine Vari'olis, Vari'olous Fever. 
 These terms are applied to cases occasionally ob- 
 served during the prevalence of variola, in which 
 the constitutional phenomena are present without 
 the cutaneous eruption. 
 
 Variola Spuria, Varicella — v. Vaccina, Vac- 
 cina — V. Vaecinatorum, Varioloid. 
 
 VARIOLJE, Variola — v. Equinae, see Grease — 
 V. Illegitimas, Varicella — v. Modificatse, Vario- 
 loid — V. Nothse, Varicella — v. Pncella;, Varicella 
 — V. Sylvestris, Varicella — v. Tutorise, Vaccina 
 — V. Vera3, Variola — v. Volaticee, Varicella. 
 
 VARIOLATION, Inoculation (Small-pox.) 
 
 VARIOLE, Variola. 
 
 VARIOLI, Variola. 
 
 VAR'IOLOID, Variolois, Varioloi'des, Vari'- 
 ola modifica'ta, V. mitiga'ta, V. vaccinato'rnm, 
 Varieel'la, Variolo'ldea, from variola, small-pox, 
 and eiiog, 'form,' — resembling small-pox. This 
 is, really, small-pox, modified bj' previous inocu- 
 lation or vaccination ; and hence it has been 
 properly called modified small-pox. That it is 
 small-pox is proved by the fact, that matter, 
 taken from a varioloid pustule, will communicate 
 small-pox to one who has never had it naturally 
 or by inoculation, or who has never been vacci- 
 nated. It is, almost always, a milder diseaso 
 than small-pox; and this circumstance, with its 
 shorter duration, exhibits the salutary effects o. 
 previous vaccination or inoculation. It has ap. 
 peared epidemically. 
 
VARIOLOIS 
 
 VEIN 
 
 VAKIOLOIS, Varioloid. 
 VARIQUEUX, Varicose. 
 
 VAE,IX, Phleheurys'ma, Phlehec'tasis, Uer'nia 
 seu Ecta'sia vena'rum, Angieeta' sia veno'sa, Ix'ia, 
 Girsus, Cedma, Var'icose Vein, (P.) Yariee, is 
 considered, by some, to come from the verb va- 
 riare, 'to turn,' to twist,' — on account of the 
 sinuosities of varicose veins. Dilatation of a 
 vein. Varices are owing to local retardation of 
 the venous circulation ; and, in some cases, to 
 relaxation of the parietes of the veins. They are 
 very common in the superficial veins of the lower 
 limbs, especially of pregnant females. The tu- 
 mour or tumours, formed by varices, are soft, 
 knotty, unequal, indolent, and livid ; without 
 pulsation, and yielding readily to the impression 
 of the finger; Ijut returning as soon as the com- 
 pression is discontinued. Sometimes, the vein 
 bursts and gives rise to hemorrhage. The treat- 
 ment is usually palliative, and consists in exert- 
 ing a uniform and constant pressure upon the 
 pai-t, by means of an appropriate bandage. The 
 radical cure has, also, been obtained by extirpa- 
 tion, division of the vein, or ligature. The second 
 course is apt to be followed by j)hlebitis. 
 VAROLI, BRIDGE OF, Pons Varolii. 
 VARUS, Acne, lonthus, see KyUosis — v. Men- 
 tagra, Sycosis. 
 
 VAS, Vessel, Penis — v. Deferens mulieris, Tuba 
 Fallopiana — v. Urinarium, Ureter. 
 
 VASA AESOREENTIA, Absorbent vessels — 
 v. Capillaria, Capillary vessels. 
 
 Vasa CHYLOPOiiJT'icA Urixif'era. Blood- 
 vessels, which, according to Lippi, convey drinks 
 from the chyliferous vessels to the renal reins. 
 
 Vasa Efferentia, see Efferent — v. Exhalan- 
 tia, Exhalant vessels — v. Hydragoga, Lymphatic 
 vessels — v. Lactea, ChyliferoiTS vessels, Lactife- 
 reus vessels — v. Meningea, Meningeal vessels — 
 v. Sedalia, Hsemorrhoidal vessels — v. Lympha- 
 tica, Lymphatic vessels — v. Nutritia, Vasa vaso- 
 rum — V. Recta, see Rete testis — v. Resorbentia, 
 Absorbent vessels. Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Vasa Vaso'rum, V. mitrWia. Small vessels 
 that supply larger. However minutely a vessel 
 is traced, its parietes will be found supplied with 
 blood for its nutrition by a smaller vessel. 
 
 Vasa Vortico'sA, (F.) Tourhillon vaaeulaire. 
 The contorted vessels which creep on the choroid 
 coat of the eye ; ciliary veins. 
 
 VASCOA AMPLEXICAU'LIS. A South Af- 
 rican shrub, Nat. Orel. Leguminosse, the roots of 
 which taste like liquorice. They are used, in 
 decoction, in catarrh and phtisis, and are a good 
 substitute for liquorice. 
 
 VAS'CULAR, Vascula'ris, Vasculo'sns, An- 
 gei'al. from vus, 'a vessel.' That which belongs 
 or relates to vessels; — arterial, venous, or lym- 
 phatic; but generally restricted to blood-vessels 
 only. Full of vessels. Bichat gave the name 
 Vascular system to the blood-vessels, and of this 
 he made two divisions. 1. The Arterial system, 
 or System of red Hood, (F.) Systeme vascidaire a, 
 sang rouge, which commences with the radicles 
 of the pulmonary veins; and includes the pulmo- 
 nary veins, the left cavities of the heart and the 
 aorta with all its ramifications. The blood, in 
 this system, is distributed to the general capillary 
 system, where it loses its arterial quality and be- 
 comes venous. 2. The Venous system or Vascu- 
 lar system of black Hood, (F.) Systeme vasculaire 
 d sang noir, carries the blood from every part of 
 th« system to the lungs. It takes its origin in 
 the general capillary system ; continues in the 
 veins, right auricle, and ventricle of the heart 
 and the pulmonarj^ artery and its branches, and 
 is finally lo?t in the capUlary system of the lungs. 
 Soo Circulairafl-. 
 
 Vascular Layer, see Tache embryonnaire — ■ 
 V. Radicals, Radical vessels — v. Substance of the 
 Kidney, see Kidney — v. System, intermediate, 
 Capillary system — v. System, peripheral, Capil- 
 lary system: — v. Tumour, see Harmorrhois. 
 
 VASCULAR'ITY. The state of being vascu- 
 lar, or largely supplied with vessels. 
 
 VASCULUM, Penis, Vessel. 
 
 VAs'cuLtJM Aber'raxs, A2:>2)endix to the Epi- 
 did'ymis. A small convoluted duct, of variable 
 length, generally connected with the duet of the 
 epididymis, immediately before the commence- 
 ment of the vas deferens. 
 
 VASE A SAIGNER, Cup. 
 
 VASTUS. That which is vast or has a great 
 extent. 
 
 Vastus Externus and Vastus Internus are 
 two considerable, fleshy masses, which form part 
 of the Triceps cruris. 
 
 VASUM, Vessel. 
 
 VATERIA INDICA, see Copal. 
 
 VATICINIUM CHIROMANTICUM, Chiro- 
 mancy. 
 
 VAULT, (old F. Voulte,) 'a round or turn j' 
 frova.volverejVohitum, 'to turn;' Fornix, Cam' era, 
 (F.) Voiite. A name given by anatomists to 
 several parts which are rounded superiorly ; eon- 
 cave and arched interiorly, — as the Vault of the 
 cranium or the upper part of the skull, — the Po- 
 latine vault or roof of the mouth, &c., &c. 
 
 VAUQUELINE, Strychnina. 
 
 VEAL TEA. This may be made in the same 
 manner as beef tea, by using a pound of fillet of 
 veal, free from fat and sliced, and a pint and a 
 half of boiling water; and boiling for half an 
 hour. It may also be made with the same quan- 
 tity of the fleshy part of a knuckle of veal. 
 
 VECORDIA, Idiotism. 
 
 VECTIS, Lever— V. Elevatorius, Elevator— v. 
 Triploides, Elevator, triploid. 
 
 VEGETARIAN, see Vegetarianism. 
 
 A^EGET--!l'RIANISM. Same etymon as Vege- 
 tation. A modern term, employed to designate 
 the view, that man, for his full mental and cor- 
 poreal developement, ought to subsist on the di- 
 rect productions of the vegetable kingdom, and 
 totally abstain from flesh and blood. An embracer 
 and praetiser of this doctrine is called a vegeta- 
 rian. 
 
 VEGETATIF, Vegetative. 
 
 VEGETA'TIOiSr, Vegeta'tio, 'growing like a 
 riant,' from vigeo, ' 1 flourish.' A morbid part, 
 which rises as an excrescence in syphilis, &c. — 
 as the Caulifioioer excrescence, <&c. The term is 
 also applied to the fleshy granulations or IJyper- 
 sarcoses, which sometimes arise at the surfaces 
 of wounds or ulcers. 
 
 VEG"ETATIVE, Vegetati'vus, (F.) Ve'getatif, 
 same etymon as the last. Having relation to 
 growth or nutrition; hence, the vegetative or nu- 
 tritive functions. 
 
 Vegetative Layer, see Tache embryonnaire. 
 
 VEGETATIVUS, Vegetative. 
 
 VE'HICLE, Vehic'uliim, Oche'ma, Constit'uens, 
 (F.) Vehicule, from vehere, 'to carry.' Anything 
 which serves to carrj' ; thus air is the vehicle o{ 
 sound; the arteries are the vehicles of the bloocj^ 
 &c. In Pharmacy, the name vehicle is given U 
 any excipient; or to substances which serve U 
 the media of administration for any medicine. 
 VEHICULE, Vehicle. 
 
 VEILED PUFF, see Cavernous respiration. 
 VEIN, Vena, diminutive ven'ula, Phlebs, Phlcps, 
 (F.) Veine. The veins are vessels for the convey- 
 ance of black blood from every part of the body 
 to the heart. They are found wherever there are 
 arteries, and, altogether, form the venous system, 
 
VEIN 
 
 897 
 
 VELAMENTUM 
 
 which may he subdivided into two distinct se- 
 condary systems. 1. The General venous system, 
 which commences in all the organs, by very 
 minute radicles ; and terminates in the heart by 
 the vena cava and the coronary vein. 2. The 
 Abdominal venous system, which is limited to the 
 abdominal cavity; commences, also, by a great 
 number of branches, and terminates in the liver 
 by a single trunk, which subdivides in that organ. 
 It is called, also, the System of the Vena Porta, 
 or the Portal System. See Porta. The veins form 
 two sets, one deep-seated, Venm satel'lites, V. con- 
 cnm'ltes, which accompany the arteries ; the other 
 superficial or subcutaneous. Their parietes, which 
 are thinner than those of the arteries, are com- 
 posed of two coats ; the one, external, loose, ex- 
 tensible, and with parallel, longitudinal fibres — 
 the projoer membrane ; the other, the common or 
 inner membrane, which is thin, polished, and has 
 numerous duplicatures or folds forming parabolic 
 valves. These valves are most numerous in the 
 veins of the lower extremities. The coats of the 
 veins are supplied with small arteries or vasa va- 
 sorum, veins, and lymphatics. They have not as 
 many nervous filaments as the arteries. These 
 filaments are from the great sympathetic. 
 
 TABLE OF THE VEINS. 
 
 1. VEINS WHICH FORM THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA. 
 
 4. Vena Azy^os, which receives^ ^ ^!^^^:^:^, 
 ( 3. Semi-azygos. 
 
 «< 
 
 Receives the 
 1. BasilJc,forn)e(lof the 
 
 2. Cephalic, forming the 
 
 '^ 3. Circunifle?; veins. 
 4. Inferior scapular. 
 
 1. Posterior ulnar. 
 
 2. Anterior ulnar. 
 
 3. Median basilic. 
 
 1. Superficial radial. 
 
 2. Median cephalic. 
 
 Long thoracic. 
 Superior thoracic. 
 Acromial veins. 
 
 Superficial Tern- I 
 poral, composed • 
 of the I 
 
 1. Pterygoid. 
 
 2. Spheno-palatine. 
 
 3. Alveolar. 
 
 Receives the 
 1. Internal inaxilla-<j 4. Inf'ra-orbitar. 
 ry, composed of the I 5. Mental. 
 
 I (i. Inferior dental. 
 l_7. Deep temporal. 
 _,„„ c-irr.„(l. Middle temporal. 
 - '- -■ Si-n^fi'^'^l Tern- i ^ A„terior auHculars. 
 3. Transverse of the 
 face. 
 1 3. Posterior Auricular. The trunk then 
 I takes the name of Externnl Jvgvlar, and 
 
 in its course along the neck, receives — 
 I 4. Cervical cutaneous. 
 1^5. Trachelo-scapular, &c. 
 f Receives 
 
 1. Superior Cerebral Veins. 
 
 2. Veins of the Corpus Striatum. 
 
 3. Veins of the Choroid plexus. 
 
 4. Superior Cerebellar Veins. 
 
 5. Inferior Cerebellar Veins. 
 (5. Lateral and inferior Cerebral Veins. 
 
 ri. Lachrymal. 
 
 2. Central of the retina. 
 
 ~ r\ i,.u T • TT • 3- Infra-orbitar. 
 T.OphthalmicVein, 
 
 5. Ethmoidal. 
 I G. Palpebral, and 
 (7. Nasal Veins. 
 
 •^ ■{ f\. Palpebral, and 
 
 2. Superciliary Veins. 
 
 3. Dorsals of the nose. 
 Corona- 
 
 es of 
 the lip. 
 
 6. Several Buccal and 
 
 7. Masseteric Veins, 
 j 8. Ranine, 
 I 9. Submental, and 
 1^10. Inferior Palatine. 
 
 9. Lingual and Pharyngeal Veins. 
 
 10. Superior thyroid. 
 
 11. Occipital, and 
 
 12. Veins of the Diploe. 
 13. Right Internal Mammary Vein. 
 
 Inferior Thyroid Vein, opening into the Vena Cava, 
 between the two Subclavians. 
 57 
 
 ''V^"v 4. Ciliary, 
 composed of the 1 ^ T^,y..„i:. 
 
 . Facial Vein, 
 called angular, 
 near the eye, re 
 ceiving the 
 
 I 4. Superiors '^^j^ 
 Is. Inferior.) {J,*; 
 
 ■< 
 
 . VEINS WHICH FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA. 
 
 fl. Femoral 
 
 I or Crural, 
 which is a 
 continua- 
 j lion of tlie 
 Receivethe 2. Popliteal, 1 fl. Several 
 
 1. E.xternal j conimenc- I 1. External I abdominal 
 Iliacs.form- j iiig by 3. Saphena veins, 
 ed by the — veins which | and | 2. Circum- 
 
 acconipany J-2. lnternal<( flex Iliac, 
 j the fibular Saphena, and 
 I arteries, and which re- 3.External 
 I receiving | ceive — pudic 
 
 l_the — j t veins. 
 
 Ti Vesical Veins fl'Dorsal veins 
 I. vesical veins, ^j- j,.,g j^ 
 
 commencing wuh J ^^ „,g ,;,g,g_ 
 
 ] 2. Veins of the 
 
 clitdris, in 
 
 [ the female. 
 
 I. Internal 
 
 lliacs which i ., 
 
 receive ] „. Sacro-lateral 
 
 t'"^- i Veins. 
 
 O 3, Middle Sacral Vein. 
 4. Lumbar Veins— four in 
 number on each side, 
 commencing by an — 
 
 1. Spermatic plexus in 
 
 ' 1. Abdominal branch. 
 ^2. Dorsal branch. 
 
 5. Spermatic Veins, 
 commencing with the 
 
 the male. 
 2. Ovarium, Fallopian 
 tube, &c. in the female. 
 
 6. Renal Veins. 
 
 7. Capsular and Adipose Veins. 
 
 8. Hepatic Veins. 
 
 9. Middle, \ 
 
 10. Left, and n. Hepatic Veins. 
 
 11. Ri.?ht S 
 
 (. 12. Inferior Diaphragmatic Veins, two in number 
 
 3. VEINS OF THE HEART. 
 
 1. Great right Coronary. 
 
 2. Small right Coronary. 
 
 3. Left Coronary Veins. 
 
 4. VEINS WHICH FORM THE VENA PORT^S. 
 
 (■Receives the 
 1. Veins which correspond to the 
 vasa brevia. 
 , _, , ■ tr . I 2. Right and left gastroepiploic. 
 
 1. Splenic Vein. -^ 3 pJojenal, and 
 
 4. Pancrealic veins. 
 ] 5. Coronary Vein ofthe Stoinach,and 
 l_6. Small mesenteric vein. 
 
 2. Superior Mesenteric Vein. 
 
 Vein, BRO^'CHIAL, Left, see Azygos — v. Demi- 
 azygous, see Azygos — v. Frontal, see Facial vein 
 — V. Semi-azygous, see Azygos, (vena) — v. Su- 
 perior intercostal, left, see Azygos — v. Tibio-mal- 
 leolar, Saphena, great — v. Palato-labial, Facial 
 vein — V. Peroneo-malleolar, Saphena minor — v. 
 Varicose, Varix. 
 
 VEINE, Vein — v. Cave, Cava vena — v. CepTia- 
 liqice, Jugular vein, internal — v. Cephalique du 
 pouce. Cephalic vein of the thumb — v. Cubitah 
 cutanea, Basilic vein — v. Fessiere, Gluteal vein — 
 V. de 3Iedine, Dracunculus — v. Porte, Porta vena 
 V. Prelombo-tJioraciqne, Azygos, (vena) — v. Pre- 
 parate. Cephalic vein — v. Radiale cutanee. Ce- 
 phalic vein — V. Sans piaire, Azygos, vein — v. Tra- 
 cMlo-sous-cutanee, Jugular vein, external. 
 
 VEINES ARTERTELLES, Arterial veins — 
 V. Ciliaires, Ciliary veins — v. Sous-clavieres, Sub- 
 clavian veins — v. Sus-hepatiques, Hepatic veins. 
 
 VEINS, CORONARY, Cardiac veins— v. Intra- 
 lobular, Hepatic veins— v. Supra-hepatic, Hepatic 
 veins. 
 
 VEINSTONE, Phlebolite. 
 
 VELAMEN NATIVUM, Integument. 
 
 VELAMBNTA BOMBYCINA, Villous meia 
 branes — v. Cerebralia, Meninges -^r. Infaniis, 
 Membranes ofthe foetus. 
 
 VELAMENTUM ABDOMINALE,Peritoni3euin 
 — V. Corporis commune, Integument — v.Nativum, 
 Integument. 
 
VELAR 
 
 VENTER 
 
 VELAR, Erysimum. 
 
 VELLICATION, Tic. 
 
 VELOSYNTHESIS, Staphylorraphy. 
 
 YELUM, Velum pendulum palati — v. Apophysi 
 vermiformi obtentum, Valvula Vieussenii — v. In- 
 terjeetum cerebelli, Valvula Vieussenii — v. Me- 
 dullars anticum, Valvula Vieussenii. 
 
 Velum Medclla're Inferius, (F.) Voile me- 
 duUaire inferieur. A name given, by Reil, to 
 the medullary band or strip, by whicb the cere- 
 bellum communicates -with the medulla. 
 
 Veluji Medulla're Poste'rius seu Posti'cus 
 seu Semiluna're, Val'vula Tari'ni. The small 
 posterior valve of the cerebellum ; a thin medul- 
 lary plate, situate between the medulla oblongata 
 and vermis inferior, in front of the nodulus. 
 
 Velum Palati, Velum pendulum palati — v. 
 Palatinum, Velum pendulum palati. 
 
 Velum Pen'dulum Pala'ti, 'Pendulous veil 
 of the palate.' Velum, Velum Palati'num, Velum 
 Palati, Velum Pen'dulum, Velum, Stapliyli'num, 
 Pala'tum pen'dulum, Pen'dulum, pala'ti, Claustrum 
 Palati, Soft Palate, Palatum Molle, (F.) Septum 
 Staphylin (Ch.), Voile du Palais. A moveable, 
 soft, and broad septum, attached to the posterior 
 extremity of the palatine arch, and separating the 
 mouth from the pharynx. Its form is nearly 
 quadrilateral. Its anterior surface corresponds 
 to the mouth; i\iQ posterior to the pharynx. Its 
 superior edge is fixed to the palatine arch ; the 
 inferior is free, floating, and has an appendix at 
 its middle — the 'uvula. The lateral margins of 
 the velum are held down by two folds, separated 
 from each other by a triangular space; these are 
 called the pillars ; the anterior passes to the base 
 of the tongue, the posterior to the sides of the 
 pharynx. The velum palati is formed of a mu- 
 cous coat, which contains numerous follicles, and 
 of a muscular stratum, in which are the perista- 
 phylini interni and p. extern! muscles, the glosso- 
 staphylini, the pharyngo-staphylini and the pa- 
 lato-staphylinus. The arteries of the velum palati 
 are furnished by the internal maxillary, the labial 
 and the superior pharyngeal. Its veins open into 
 the internal jugular. Its nerves are sent off from 
 the ganglion of Meckel, and come from the pala- 
 tine branches. The glosso - pharyngeal nerve, 
 likewise, sends it some filaments. 
 
 Velum Staphtlinum, Velum pendulum palati 
 — V. Vieussenii, Valvula Vieussenii. 
 
 VELVET LEAF, Pareira. 
 
 VEISTA, Vein, Penis — v. Alba renum, Ureter — 
 V. Alba thoracis, Thoracic duet — v. Apoplectica, 
 Jugular vein, internal — v. Arteriosa, Porta vena. 
 Pulmonary artery— v. Capitis, Cephalic vein — v. 
 Cava, Cava vena — v. Cubiti interior, Basilic vein 
 — V. Demiazygos, see Azygos — v. Falcis cerebri. 
 Sinus longitudinal inferior — v. Hemiazyga, see 
 Azygos — V. Lactea, Porta vena — v. Magna, Porta 
 Tena — v. Medina Arabum, Dracunculus — v. Me- 
 dinensis, Dracunculus — v. Ostiaria, Porta vena — 
 V. Pari carens, Azygos, (vena) — v. Portalis, Porta 
 vena — v. portarum. Porta vena — v. ad Portas, 
 Porta vena — v. quae ad Portas est. Porta vena — 
 V. Ramalis, Porta vena — v. sine Pari. Azygos, 
 (vena) — v. Steleehiaea, Porta vena — v. Subalaris, 
 Vena axillaris — v. Terminalis, Circulus venosus. 
 
 VENiE APOPLECTICS, Jugular veins— v. 
 f!aviie hepatis. Hepatic veins — v. Centrales, Intra- 
 lobular veins — v. Concomites, see Vein — v. Galeni, 
 Choroid, (veins) — v. Innominatfe, see Innomina- 
 tum — V. Intralobulares, Intralobular veins — v. 
 Lacieae, Chyliferous vessels — v. Lymphaticse, 
 Lymphatic vessels — v. Micantes, (arteries,) see 
 Aitery — v. Pulsatiles, (arteries,) see Artery — v. 
 Katellites, see Vein — v. Soporales, Jugular veins 
 V. Sphagitiucs, Jugular veins. 
 
 VENSSECTIO, see Blood-letting— v. Eevul- 
 soria, see Blood-letting. 
 
 VENS VORTICO'SS. The veins which prin- 
 eipally form the external or venous layer of the 
 choroid coat of the eye ; so called from their pe- 
 culiar arrangement; from vertex seu vortex, 'a 
 whirlpool.' 
 
 VENAL, Venous. 
 
 VENEFICIUM, Poisoning. 
 
 VENENATION, Poison, Poisoning, Venom. 
 
 VENENATUS, Venomous. 
 
 VENENOSE, Venomous. 
 
 VENENUM, Poison, Venom. 
 
 VENE'REAL, Vene'reus, Apthrodisiacus, Ve- 
 ■ne'rean, (F.) Venerien, from Venvs, 'the goddess 
 of pleasure.' That which relates to the pleasures 
 of love. In a more restricted sense, the word 
 venereal is synonymous with syphilitic, and also 
 with syphilis. Some authors have proposed that 
 those diseases should be called venereal which 
 are produced by excess in venery; and that 
 syphilitic should be limited to those which are 
 the result of impure connexion. It is, also, used 
 in the same sens« as aphrodisiac, — adapted to 
 excite venereal desire. 
 
 Venereal Desire, Libido — v. Disease, Sy- 
 philis. 
 
 VENERIEN, Venereal. This term, also, 
 means one labouring under syphilis; as Hopitul 
 des ven^riens. 
 
 VENERIVAGUS, Libidinous. 
 
 VEN'ERY. Same etymon. The pleasures of 
 love. Sexual communication. Coitioa. 
 
 VENESECTION, see Blood-letting. 
 
 VENIiMEUX, Venomous, 
 
 VENIN, Venom. 
 
 VENOM, Vene'num, Tox'ieum, Venena'tion, (F.) 
 Venin. A poisonous fluid secreted by certain 
 animals, as the viper, in a state of health, and 
 which they preserve in a particular reservoir, to 
 use as a means of attack or defence. It differs, 
 according to some, from virus, as the latter is 
 always the result of a morbid process, which may 
 be produced by the individuals who receive it, in 
 their turn, and be transmitted to others. 
 
 Venom, Quickening, Sperm — v. Vital, Sperm. 
 
 VEN'OMOUS, Venena'tus, Ven'enose, (F.) 
 Venimeux. An epithet applied to animals which 
 have a secretion of venom, as the viper, rattle- 
 snake, &c. ; and, by some, to liquids in the ani- 
 mal body, which have been so perverted by pre- 
 vious disease, that their contact occasions serious 
 mischief in sound individuals; as happens in 
 hydrophobia. Virus is more commonly used in 
 this ease. 
 
 VENOSITAS, Venosity — v. Sanguinis, Prse- 
 dominium sanguinis venosi. 
 
 VENOS'ITY, Venos'itas, Ve'nousness, Ver.ons 
 state, Venous cachex'ia, Melanm'mia, 3/elano'sis 
 vniversa'lis, from vena, 'a vein.' A condition in 
 which, it has been supposed, the blood is moved 
 slowly; is more venous; and the venous blood 
 itself in greater quantity. This state is said to 
 be chiefly observed in hemorrhoids, gout, hypo- 
 chondriasis, melancholia, &c. — Puchelt. 
 
 VENOUS, Venal, Veno'sus. Same etymon. 
 Appertaining to a vein, or to the blood of the 
 veins ; as venous cachexia, venous pulse. 
 
 Venous Cachexia, Venosity — v. Hum, Bruit 
 de Diahle — v. State, Venosity — v. System, ab- 
 dominal, Porta vena — v. System, see Vascular. 
 
 VENOUSNESS, Venosity. 
 VENT, Wind. 
 
 VENTER, Abdomen, Belly, Uterus. In law, 
 venter designates the maternal parentage of chil- 
 dren. Thus, if A were B's child by his first wife, 
 he would be described in law as " by the first 
 
VENTEUX 
 
 899 
 
 VENTRICULI 
 
 venter." "A died seised, leaving two infant 
 daughters by dififerent venters." 
 
 Venter Isrus, Abdomen, Hypogastrium, Nei- 
 asra — v. Inferius, Abdomen — v. Infimus, Abdo- 
 men — V. Magnus, Ingluvies — v. Medius, Thorax 
 — V. Parvus, Hypogastrium — v. Propeudens, Hy- 
 gteroloxia anterior — v. Renum, Pelvis of the kid- 
 ney — V. Supremus, Cavum cranii. 
 
 VENTEUX, "Windy. 
 
 VENTILA'TION, Ventila'tio, from ventns, 
 'wind.' The act of renewing the air of vessels, 
 hospitals, and apartments, or of situations where 
 many people are collected together. The utility 
 of such renewal must be evident, when it is con- 
 sidered that atmospheric air loses its oxygen 
 during respiration, and that carbonic acid supplies 
 its place. Stagnant air, also, becomes loaded 
 with numerous impurities; and hence one of the 
 greatest hygienic improvements, of modern times, 
 has been a proper attention to circulation of air. 
 It is, moreover, one of the most valuable addi- 
 tions to our stock of therapeutical agencies in 
 many diseases. 
 
 Instruments used for the purpose of renewing 
 the air, in ships, apartments, &c., have been 
 called ventilators. 
 
 VENTOSITE, Flatulence. 
 
 VENTOSITY, Flatulence. ^ 
 
 VENTOUSES SGABIFIEES, Cupping with 
 the scarificator. ^ 
 
 VENTOUSES SECHES, Cupping, dry. 
 
 VENTRAL. Abdominal. 
 
 Ventral Her'nia, Her'nia ventra'lis. Direct 
 hernia accurring in any part of the abdomen. It 
 is most frequently found between the recti mus- 
 
 VENTRALE, Belt (Russian). 
 
 Ventral! Cuta'neum, 'Cutaneous apron.' (F.) 
 Tablier. An elongation of the nymphee in the 
 Bosjesman female, which hangs down before the 
 vulva like an apron. 
 
 VENTRE, Abdomen — v. Inferieur, Abdomen 
 •^t). Resserre, Constipation. 
 
 VENTRE INSPICIENDO DE, see De ventre 
 inspiciendo. 
 
 VEN'TRICLE, Ventric'tdm, diminutive of 
 venter, 'belly.' Literally, a little belli/. A name 
 given, in anatomy, to various parts. 
 
 Ventricle op Aran'tius. A small cavity, 
 lined with gray substance, at the point of the 
 calamus scriptorius. 
 
 Ventricles of the BRAiy, Ventric'uli seu Ca- 
 vita'tes seu Sinits Cer'ebri, (F.) Ventriculcs dii 
 cerveau, are five cavities in the interior of that 
 organ, which are distinguished into the lateral 
 ventricles, middle ventricle, fourth ventricle or 
 ventricle of the cerebellum, and fifth ventricle. 
 The middle ventricle or third ventricle, (F.) Ven- 
 tricule moyen du cerveau, is situate in front of the 
 pineal gland. It is bounded, above, by the tela 
 choroidea and the fornix ; below, by a portion of 
 cerebral substance, which separates it from the 
 base of the cranium; laterally, by the thalami 
 nervorum opticorum ; anteriorly, by a medullary 
 cord, called the anterior commissure ; and, ^josfe- 
 riorly, by another medullary cord, called the j^os- 
 terior commissure. It communicates with the 
 lateral ventricles by two openings, situate behind 
 the anterior pillar or cms of the fornix. The 
 Lateral ventricles, Ventric'idi latera'les, V. mag- 
 ni, V. majo'res, V. j^rio'res, V. sujierio' res, V. tri- 
 cor'nes, (F.) Ventricules lateralis, are two in num- 
 ber. They are large, and, owing to their consi- 
 derable curvature, occupy a great part of the 
 cerebral centre. They are bounded, above, by 
 the inferior surface of the corpus callosum ; ante- 
 riorly, by the curved portion of the same body ; 
 posteriorly, by a cunsiderable mass of cerebral 
 
 substance ; and, internally, they are separated 
 from each other by the septum of the ventricles, 
 — a medullary plate, which is given off from the 
 lower part of the corpus callosum. The lateral 
 ventricles have, in their upper and anterior por- 
 tion, the Corpora striata, Thalami optici, Lnd 
 Tmnia semicircularis : — their inferior portion 
 contains the corpus fimbriatum, cornu Ammonis, 
 &c. The Fourth ventricle, Ventricnlus cerebelli 
 seu qtiartus, V. Aran'tii, Sinus rhomhoV deus, (F.) 
 Quatrieme ventrieule, is situate beneath the aque- 
 duct of Sylvit(s, by which it communicates with 
 the third ventricle. It extends from this aque- 
 duct to the upper part of the medulla; and is 
 seated in the substance of the tuber annulare. 
 The Fifth ventricle, Ventric'ulus septi p>ellu'cidi, 
 Ineisn'ra sep)ti, (F.) Cinqtiieme ventrieule, is the 
 small serous cavity between the laminte of the 
 septum lucidum ; called, also. Fissure or Fossa 
 of Sylvius or Sinus of the septum lu'cidum. 
 
 Ventricles of the Heart, Ventric'idi cordis, 
 Speeus cordis, (F.) Ventricides du eoeiir, are two 
 in number. The Right ventricle, Pidmonary ven- 
 tricle, Ventric'ulus anterior, V. pirimus, V. pidmo- 
 na'lis, (F.) Ventrieule droit ou pulmonaire, is 
 situate at the fore-part of the heart, the base and 
 apex corresponding to those of the heart. In it 
 are seen the Columnm carnece and Cordm tendinem. 
 The right ventricle communicates with the right 
 auricle by the Ostium venosum, and from it the 
 Pulmonary artery arises. Around the auricular 
 orifice is a tendinous margin or ring, from which 
 the tricuspid valve is given off. The use of the 
 ventricle is to send the blood, by its contraction, 
 along the pulmonary artery to the lungs. The 
 Left ventricle, Ventric'ulus aor'tieus, V. p>osterior, 
 V. secundus, (F.) Ventrieule gauche ou aortique, 
 is situate at the posterior and left part of the 
 heart. Its parietes are much thicker and stronger 
 than those of the right, owing to its having to 
 send the blood over the whole system. The inner 
 surface has the same general appearance as that 
 of the right. The Columnm carnecB and Cordm 
 tendine<B are, however, much stronger. It com- 
 municates with the left auricle by means of the 
 Bfitral valve; and from it proceeds the largest 
 blood-vessel of the body — the aorta. 
 
 Ventricles of the Lartnx, Sac'ctililaryngei, 
 Sinuses of the larynx, (F.) Ventricules ou Sinua 
 du larynx, are two depressions in the larynx, 
 comprised between the superior and inferior liga- 
 ments. 
 
 Ventricle, Pulmonary, V. right. 
 
 VENTRICULAR, Ventrieula'ris. Same ety- 
 mon as Ventricle. Relating to a ventricle. 
 
 VENTRICULE AORTIQUE, Ventricle, left 
 — I'. Clnquieme, Ventricle, fifth — v. Broit, Ven- 
 tricle, right — V. Gauche, Ventricle, left — v. Moyen 
 du Cerveau, Ventricle, middle, of the brain — v. 
 Pulmonaire, Yentiiole, right — v. Quatrieme, Yen- 
 tricle, fourth. 
 
 VENTRICULES DU CERVEAU, Ventri- 
 cles of the brain — v. du Coeur, Ventricles of the 
 heart — v. Laieraux, Ventricles, lateral. 
 
 VENTRICULI cordis. Ventricles of the 
 heart — v. Dilatatio, Gastrectasis — v. Dissolutio, 
 Gastro-malacia — v. Durae matris. Sinuses of the 
 dura mater — v. Emollitio, Gastro-malacia — v. 
 Exulceratio, Gastrelcosis — v. Fluxus, Gastror- 
 rhoea — v. Inflammatio, Gastritis — v. Laterales, 
 see Ventricles, lateral of the brain — v. Mngni, 
 Ventricles, lateral, of the brain — v. Majores, Ven- 
 tricles, lateral — v. Metamorphosis gelatiniformis, 
 Gastro-malacia — v. Perforatio, Gastro-brosis — v. 
 Priores, Ventricles, lateral — v. Pseudophlogosm 
 resolutiva et colliquativa, Gastro-malacia — v. 
 Superiores, Ventricles, lateral — v. Tricornes, 
 Ventricles, lateral — v. Ulceratio, Gastrelcosis. 
 
VENTRICULUS 
 
 900 
 
 VERBENA 
 
 VENTRICULUS, Stomacli, Yentricle— v. An- 
 terior, Ventricle, right — v. Aortieus, Ventricle, 
 left — Y. Arantii, see Ventricles of the brain. 
 
 Ventriculds Callosus, * Callous stomach.' 
 The gizzard or third stomach of the gallinaceous 
 bird. It consists of a double-bellied or digastric 
 muscle ; is lined by a firm cuticle, and forms a 
 kind of pouch, depending from the alimentary 
 tube, in which the second stomach terminates, 
 and from which the duodenum or Ventricuhis 
 euccenturia'tus issues. In the interior of the giz- 
 zard there are numerous pebbles, which seem to 
 be destined to aid in the trituration of the food. 
 The gizzard is an organ of mastication, and is 
 possessed of great muscular power. 
 
 Ventriculus Cereeelli, see Ventricles of the 
 brain — v. Posterior, Ventricle, left — v. Primus, 
 Ventricle, right — v. Pulmonalis, Ventricle, right 
 — V. Quartus, see Ventricles of the brain — v. 
 Sccundus, Ventricle, left — v. Septi Pellucidi, see 
 Ventricles of the brain — v. Succenturiatus, Duo- 
 denum. 
 
 YENTRILOQUE, Engastrlmythos. 
 
 VEXTRILOQUISM, see Eneastrimyth. 
 
 VENTRILOQUIST, Engastnmythos. 
 
 VENTRILOQUY, see Engastrimyth. 
 
 VENTROSITAS, Physconia. 
 
 VENTUS, Wind. 
 
 VEN'ULA, Phlebion, diminutive of Vena. See 
 Vein. A small vein. Hippocrates seems to use 
 it in the same sense as Arteria. 
 
 VENULE CENTRALES, Intralobular veins 
 — V. Intralobulares, Intralobular veins. 
 
 VENUS, Clitoris, Coition, Cuprum — v. Crystals 
 of, Cupri subaeetas — v. Grystaux de, Cupri sub- 
 acetas. 
 
 VER CUCURBITAIN, Trenia solium— ■;;. 
 Cutane, Dracunculus — v. Filaire, Dracunculus — 
 V. de Guinee, Dracunculus — v. Luisant, Cicindela 
 — V. de Medine, Dracunculus — v. Solitaire, Both- 
 riocephalus latus, Tosnia solium. 
 
 VERATRIA, Veratrina. 
 
 VERATRI'NA, Vera'fria, Ver'atrine. A ve- 
 getable alkali, found in the seeds of Vera'tnwi' 
 sabadil'la, V. officina'le, Helo' nias officina'lis, and 
 Asagres'a officina'lis, which are known in com- 
 merce under the names Cehadill'a, Cevadill'a, 
 and Sabadill'a, and are imported from Mexico. 
 They usually occur, in commerce, mixed with 
 the fruit of the plant, are two or three lines long, 
 of a black colour, and are shining, flat, shriveled, 
 winged, and elastic seeds. Veratrine is solid, 
 white, pulverulent, and inodorous j of a very 
 acrid taste ; decomposable by heat ; very soluble 
 in water, and soluble in alcohol. When prepared 
 in the usual manner, it still contains other sub- 
 stances, — Sahadil'lin, Ver'atrin, gum resin of 
 the sabadilla, and black greasy matter. It is 
 extremely poisonous, and but little used inter- 
 nally in medicine. Magendie has given it as 
 an emetic and drastic in very small doses. It 
 has been recommended to be applied in the 
 way of friction, or endemically, (from gr. v to 
 XX to ^j of lard or cerate,) in various neuralgic 
 affections. The following is the formula for its 
 preparation in the Pharmacopoeia of the Uni- 
 ted States: — Take of cevadilla, Ibij ; alcohol, 
 2 gallons ; siilphtirie acid, solution of ammonia, 
 purified animal charcoal, and magnesia, each a 
 euflicient quantity. Boil the cevadilla in a gallon 
 of the alconol, in a retort with a receiver attached, 
 for an hour, and pour off the liquor. To the 
 residue add another gallon of the alcohol, toge- 
 ther with the portion recently distilled; again 
 boil for an hour, and pour off the liquor. Repeat 
 the boiling a third time with the remaining alco- 
 hol, and with that distilled in the previous ope- 
 raticn. Press the cevadilla, mix and strain the 
 
 liquors, and, by means of a water-bath, distil oflT 
 the alcohol. Boil the residue three or four timea 
 in water acidulated with sulphuric acid, mix 
 and strain the liquors, and evaporate to the con- 
 sistence of syrup. Add magnesia in slight ex- 
 cess, shake the mixture frequently, then express 
 and wash what remains. Repeat the expression 
 and washing two or three times, and having 
 dried the residue, digest it with a gentle heat 
 several times in alcohol, and strain after each di- 
 gestion. . Distil off the alcohol from the mixed 
 liquor, boil the residue for fifteen minutes in 
 water with a little sulphuric acid and purified 
 animal charcoal, and strain. Having thoroughly 
 washed what remains, mix the washings with the 
 strained liquor, evaporate with a moderate heat 
 to the consistence of syrup, and then drop in as 
 much solution of ammonia as may be necessary 
 to precipitate the veratria. Lastly, separate and 
 dry the precipitate. See Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 "VERA'TRUM ALBUM, Helleh'orus albus, 
 Elleb'orum album, Elleborus albus, Cherhachem, 
 White hellebore, (F.) Hellebore blanc. Sex. Syst. 
 Polj-gamia Monoecia. jVaf. Ord. Melanthacese 
 (Lindley.) The root or rhizoma of this common 
 European plant is indebted to the veratrine for 
 its properties. It is inodorous; has a bitterish, 
 acrid, nauseous taste, and is violently emetic and 
 purgative, even when applied to an ulcerated sur- 
 face. It is, also, possessed of errhine properties, 
 and acts, externally, as a stimulant. It is rarely 
 exhibited internally. Sometimes it is given as a 
 sneezing poicder ; but it operates with great vio- 
 lence. It forms, also, an itch ointment. See 
 Ung. Veratri. 
 
 A^eratruji LuTEUjr, Chamaelirium luteum. 
 
 Veratruji Sabadil'la, Sabadilla, Sabatilla, 
 Canis Interfec'tor, Cans' ticum America' num, Ceva- 
 dil'la Hispano'rum, Sevadilla, Hor' cleuni caus'ti- 
 cnm, (E.) Cevadille. The seeds of this plant have 
 been used, mostly as anthelmintics. Dose, gr. ij 
 to a child, four years old. It possesses the same 
 general properties as the veratrum album. 
 
 VERATRtrjr Vir'ide, Ame7-ican Hellebore, 
 Sicamp hellebore, Indian poJce, Indian. Uncas, 
 Poke loeed, Bear loeed, Itch weed, Ticlde iceed. 
 Earth gall, Devilbit, Wolf bane. Puppet root, is 
 indigenous in the swampy districts of almost 
 every part of the United States. Its properties 
 are like those of the genus. 
 
 VERBASCULUM, Primula veris. 
 
 VERBASCUM ALBUM, V. thapsus— v. Ala- 
 turn, V. thapsus — v. Collinum, V. thapsus — v, 
 Crassifolium, V. thapsus — v. Elongatum, V. thap- 
 sus — V. Lychnitis, V. thapsus — v. Montanum, V. 
 thapsus. 
 
 Verbas'cum Nigrum, Black Jfullein, Cande'la 
 re'gia, Thajisus harba'tus, Tupstta barba'tus, Can- 
 dda'ria, Lana'ria; and Veebas'ccji Thapsus, 
 V. thapsdi'des seu ala'tum seu colli'num seu album 
 seu crassifo'lium seu elonga'tum seu L;/chni'tii 
 seu monta'num seu simplex, Phlogmus, Phlomun, 
 Phlox, great broad-leaved Mullein, High Taper, 
 Cow's Lungwort, or Yelloiv 3/ullein, (F.) Jloltne, 
 Bouillon blanc; Family, Solaneje ; Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Monogynia, — especially the latter, — 
 have been used as emollient, applied externally 
 in the form of fomentation. The large leaves 
 have been chosen for this purpose. Occasion- 
 ally, the mucilage which they contain has been 
 extracted by decoction or infusion, and adminis- 
 tered in pectoral affections. 
 
 Vbebascum Simplex, V. thapsus — v. Thap- 
 soides, V. thapsus — v. Thapsus, see V. nigrum. 
 
 VERBE'NA* IIASTA'TA, an American spe- 
 cies, is more bitter than the European, and said 
 to bo emetic. 
 
 Verbe'xa Officina'lis, Verbena, Dichro'mot, 
 
VERBEXACA 
 
 901 
 
 VEE^' 
 
 Verhena'ca, Perisfe'riiim, Hleroloi'ane, Herha 
 sacra, Vervain, Purvain, (P.) Yerveine. Family, 
 Pyrenaeeaj. Sext. Sijst. Diandria Monogynia. A 
 plant formerly held sacred; used in sacrifices, 
 and suspended round the neck as an amulet. In 
 the form of cataplasm, it is said to have relieved 
 obstinate headachs, and to have been of service 
 in scrofula. It is not used. 
 
 Verbe'na Urticifo'lia, an indigenous spe- 
 cies, has been used in poisoning from Rhus Toxi- 
 codendron. 
 
 VERBENACA, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 VERBESINA ACMELLA, Spilanthus Ae- 
 mella. 
 
 YERBUS, Penis. 
 
 VEE CO Q LIN, Phreni'iia vermino'sa. A form 
 of phrenitis, attributed to the presence of a worm 
 in the brain ! 
 
 YERDET, Cupri subaeetas. 
 
 VERDIGRIS, Gupri subaeetas. 
 
 VERENDA, Genital organs. 
 
 VERETRUM, Penis. 
 
 YEEOE, Penis — v. d'Or, Solidago virgaurea. 
 
 YEEGEEETTE BE PRILADELPEIE, 
 Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
 VEEGETUEES, Vibices. 
 
 VERJUICE, Om2)ha'ciurii,(F.) Verjus,YerdJue. 
 A sour kind of grape. Also, an acid liquor, pre- 
 pared from very sour grapes or crab-apples. It 
 is principally used in culinary preparations ; al- 
 though, occasionally, an ingredient in medicinal 
 compounds. See Vitis vinifera. 
 YEEJUS, Verjuice. 
 
 VERMES, Worms — v. Cerebri, Choroid plexus. 
 VEEMICULAIEE BE ULANTE, Sedum. 
 
 VERMICULAR, Vermiform. 
 
 VERMICULARIS, Lumbricalis, Sedum. 
 
 VERMICULI SPERMATICI, Spermatozoa. 
 
 VERMIC'ULUM, Vermyc'ilum. An elixir; a 
 tincture. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 VERMICULUS CAPILLARIS, Dracuneulus. 
 
 VER'MIFORM, Vennic'ular, Yermicula'ris, 
 Vermi/or'mis, from vermis, 'a worm,' and forma, 
 'form.' That which resembles a worm. 
 
 Verm'iform Proc"esses, Proees'sus Vermi- 
 form' es, Protuberaii'ticB vermiformes, Montic'uli 
 cerehel'li, Appeii' dices vermiformes. Vermis, Worm, 
 (F.) Erainences vermiformes du cervelet, are two 
 medullary projections^ at the surface of the cere- 
 bellum. The superior vermiform process. Vermis 
 superior cerehelli, is an elongated projection, at 
 the anterior and middle part of the superior sur- 
 fiice of the cerebellum; — and the inferior vermi- 
 form process, Ver7nis inferior cerebelli, Pyr'amid 
 of Malacarne, is a somewhat large projection, 
 situate in the depression at the inferior surface 
 of the same organ. The inferior vermiform pro- 
 cess is usually described as consisting of three 
 portions — the pyramid, the uvula, and the nodu- 
 liis. The anterior portion of the superior vermi- 
 form process is elevated, and termed Ilontic'ulus. 
 
 VERMIFUGE, Anthelmintic. 
 
 VERitiFUGE, Mathieu's. This consisted of two 
 distinct electuaries; the one for killing, the other 
 for expelling tape-worm. The former is made 
 of an ounce of tin filings, and six drachms of fern 
 root. 
 
 VERMIFUGUS, Anthelmintic. 
 
 VERMILION, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
 brum. 
 
 VEEMILLON BE PEOVENCE, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 VERMINATIO, Helminthiasis. 
 
 VERMINATION, CUTANEOUS, Mails. 
 YEEMINEUX, Verminous. 
 
 VERM'INOUS, Vermino'sus, (F.) Yermineux. 
 That which is caused by worias; as a verminous 
 affection. 
 
 VERMIS, Vermiform processes — v. Bombyci- 
 nus, Cornu ammonis — v. Cerebelli, Vermiform 
 process— V. Cerebri, Fever, Hungary — v. Cucur- 
 bitinus. Taenia solium — v. Digiti, Paronychia. 
 VERMITIO, Helminthiasis. 
 VERNIX CASEO'SA, 'cheesy varnish.' The 
 fatty varnish, or deposit, often found on the foetus, 
 which is secreted by the sebaceous follicles of the 
 skin. 
 
 Vernix Sicca, Sandarae. 
 VERNO'NIA ANTHELMIN'TICA, Ascari'- 
 cida anthelmin'tica, Calagirah, Calageti. A plant 
 which is indigenous in India. Family, Compo- 
 sitse. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia super- 
 flua. It has great celebrity in the East Indies, 
 and is a bitter tonic ; but the seeds are chiefly 
 used as an anthelmintic, in cases of ascarides 
 and lumbrici in children. 
 
 Verno'nia Noveboracen'sis, Iron weed, Flat 
 top; an indigenous plant; whose purple flowers 
 appear in August and September, is reported to 
 possess cathartic properties. 
 
 VEE OLE, Syphilis — v. Petite, Variola— v. 
 Petite volante, Varicella. 
 
 VEEOLETTE, Varicella. 
 
 VEPtONI'CA, Veronica officina'lis seu Tourne- 
 for'tii, Veronica mas, Thea German' ica, Befon'ica, 
 Paidi, Chamm'drys, Male Veronica, Fluellin, Offi- 
 cincd SpeediceU, (F.) Veronique, The d'Europe. 
 Family, RhinanthodeaB. Sex. Syst. Diandria Mo- 
 nogynia. This plant was once used as a pectoral. 
 
 Veronica Aqdatica, V. beccabunga. 
 
 Veronica Beccabun'ga, Beccabunga, Ana- 
 gal'lis aqnat'ica, Laver German'icum, Veronica 
 aquat'ica, Cepm'a, Water Pim'pernel, Brooklime, 
 Brooklime Speedwell, Water Speedwell, Nech~ 
 weed. Water Purslain, (F.) Veronique cressonee. 
 This plant was formerly used in a variety of dis- 
 eases. It is, however, almost insipid and inodo- 
 rous ; and has been long banished from practice. 
 
 Veronica Mas, Veronica — v. Officinalis, Ve- 
 ronica. 
 
 Veronica Peregri'na, Nedcioeed, Purslain, 
 Speedwell; indigenous; flowering from April to 
 June, is given internally in scrofulosis, and is 
 applied as a wash to scrofulous tumours. 
 
 Veronica Purpurea, Betonica oflficinalis — v. 
 Tournefortii, Veronica — v. Virginica, Leptandra 
 Virginica, 
 
 VEEONIQUE, Veronica — v. Cressonee, Yero- 
 nica beccabunga. 
 
 VERBA, Penis. 
 
 VEERE, Vitrum — ■;;. d'Antimoine, Antimonii 
 vitrum. 
 
 VERRU'CA, diminutive Verru'cxda, Ecphy'ma 
 verruca, Phymato'sis verruco'sa, a Wart, (F.) 
 Verrue. A small, hard, mamillary tumour, which 
 forms at the surface of the skin, and particularly 
 on that of the hands and face. AVarts are gene- 
 rally rugous at the surface, and broad at the 
 base; their roots being implanted in the derma 
 by whitish filaments, which are dense, semifi- 
 brous, and very numerous. 
 
 Warts may be destroyed by caustic, or removed 
 by excision. Their vitality is, generally, not 
 great. 
 
 Verruca Carnosa, Condyloma — v. Formica- 
 ria, Formica — v. Minor, Thymion — v. Palpebra- 
 rum, see Hydatid— V. Peusilis, Acrochordon— v, 
 Rhagoidea, Thymion. 
 
 VERRUCARIA, Calendula officinalis, Helip- 
 tropium Europaum. 
 
 VERRUCOSE, Warty. 
 
 VERRUCOUS, Warty. 
 
 VERRUCULA, Verruca. 
 
 VEE RUE, Verruca. 
 
 VERS, Worms. 
 
VERSE-CHARMS 
 
 902 
 
 VERTEBRAL 
 
 VERSE-CHARMS, see Charm. 
 VERSIO, Turning — V. Foetus, Turning — v. 
 [Spontanea, Evolution spontaneous — v. Uteri, 
 Hysteroloxia. 
 
 version; Turning. 
 VERT-DE-GRIS, Cupri subacetas. 
 VERTEBRA DENTATA, Axis — v. Dorsi 
 Prima, Lophia — v. Lumborum Prima, Asphal- 
 tites — V. Magna, Sacrum. 
 
 VER'TEBR^, Spon'dyli, (F.) Verahres ; from 
 vertere, ' to turn.' This name has been given to 
 the bones, which by their union form the verte- 
 bral or spinal column. The vertebrsB are short, 
 thick, very angular bones ; twenty-four in num- 
 ber, and situate one above another. The bodi/ — 
 centrum, of Owen — of the vertebra is the middle 
 and anterior portion. Above and below it is 
 articulated, by means of a fibro-cartilage, with 
 the contiguous vertebrae. The Processes, (F.) 
 Classes a2)02')hy8aires, of each vertebra are : — 1. 
 The spinous process, situate behind, and in the 
 median line. 2. The two transverse processes, 
 standing off from each side. 3. The four articu- 
 lar or oblique processes — zygajyopJiyses, of Owen 
 — two superior, and two inferior — which serve 
 to unite the vertebrje with each other. These 
 transverse and articulating processes are made 
 continuous with the lateral and posterior parts 
 of the body of the vertebra by narrow bony por- 
 tions or pedicles, on each of which are notches. 
 These, by their union with similar notches in the 
 contiguous vertebra, form the lateral foramina, 
 (F.) Trous de conjugaison, through which the 
 spinal nerves leave the vertebral canal. The 
 different processes are united with each other, so 
 as to form a kind of ring of the lateral and pos- 
 terior parts of the vertebra; and the foramen, 
 within this, — that is, between the body and pro- 
 cesses, — concurs in forming the vertebral canal. 
 The vertebras have particular characters, accord- 
 ing to the regions they occupy. They are divided 
 into seven cervical, twelve dorsal, and five lumbar. 
 The first cervical is called atlas; the second, axis 
 or vertebra dentata ; and the seventh, vertebra 
 proeminens. The vertebrae are articulated with 
 each other. Those of the back are joined, more- 
 over, to the ribs. The first or atlas is articulated 
 with the occipital bone; and the last lumbar ver- 
 tebra with the sacrum. The cervical vertebrre 
 are developed by nine points of ossification ; the 
 dorsal and lumbar by eight. 
 
 VER'TEBRAL, Vertebra'lis. That which re- 
 lates or belongs to the vertebrfe. 
 
 Vertebral Artery, Posterior cerebral artery, 
 (Ch.,) is the largest of the branches of the sub- 
 clavian. It arises from the posterior part of that 
 vessel; is lodged in a canal, (F.) Petit canal ver- 
 tebral, formed by the foramina in the transverse 
 processes ; enters the cranium, and proceeds to 
 anastomose with its fellow of the opposite side, 
 and to form the Basilary artery. IBesides the 
 branches sent to the neck, the vertebral artery 
 gives off the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, 
 and the inferior cerebelloua, in the cavity of the 
 cranium. 
 
 Vertebral Column, Machis, BhacMs, Notos, 
 Acnes' tis ; the Spine; the back bone, Cari'na, C. 
 hom'inis. Spina dorsi seu vertebra'lis, Colum'na 
 spina'lis, G. vertebra'lis, 0. dorsi, Spina Dorsum, 
 Terc/um, Compa'tjes Vertebra' rum, Acan'tha, Sacra 
 Jis'tula, Hi'era Syrinx, (F.) Colonne vertibrale, 
 A'pin* da dos, JEchine, A kind of bony column, 
 Bitaate at the posterior and central part of the 
 trunk ; extending from the head to the sacrum ; 
 flexible in tf-rery direction, yet very solid and 
 hollowed by a canal called vertebral, which gives 
 it lightness without diminishing its strength, and 
 runs through its whole length. The vertebral 
 
 column is formed by the superposition of the ver- 
 tebrae. It represents a pyramid, whose base is 
 below. Anteriorly, it is convex in the neck ; 
 concave in the back, and convex, again, in the 
 loins. Behind, the curvatures are of course the 
 reverse of these. There is also, in the dorsal re- 
 gion, a lateral curvature, the concavity of which 
 is towards the left side. Considered as a whole, 
 the vertebral column has an anterior or j^respinal 
 surface; si posterior or spinal; two lateral; a 
 base; and an apex or top. In the nomenclature 
 of Chaussier, the anterior surface, in the neck, is 
 called tracJielian ; in the back, predorsal ; and 
 in the loins, prelumbar. The dorsal surface has, 
 at its middle, the spinous processes; and, at its 
 sides, the vertebral gutters, (F.) Guuttieres verte- 
 brates, formed by the succession of the vertebral 
 plates, (F.) Lames vertebrales, which, by their 
 junction, constitute the spinous processes. These 
 are filled by the sacro-spinalis muscle. The sides 
 or lateral surfaces present the foramina resulting 
 from the union of the vertebral notches, (F.) 
 Echancrures vertebrales. These are called verte- 
 bral foramina, (F.) Trous de conjugaison, and 
 give passage to the vertebral nerves. The base 
 of the vertebral column is oblique, to unite with 
 the sacrum ; and forms with it an angle, called 
 sacro-vertebral angle or promontory. The apex 
 or top of the vertebral column is articulated with 
 the occipital bone. Sometimes, the term verte- 
 bral column includes the whole of the column 
 from the occipital bone to the extremity of the 
 coccyx. The Vertebral or Spinal Canal, lia- 
 chid'ian Canal, Solen, Cana'lis medulla Spina'- 
 lis, Sjiecus pro medidl'a Spina'U seu vertebra'li-^, 
 exists through the whole of the vertebral column, 
 whose curvatures it follows. It is continuous, 
 above, with the cranium ; below, with the sacral 
 canal, if we consider the vertebrse to terminate 
 at the sacrum. It is lined by a prolongation of 
 the meninges, forming the Theca vertebra'lis, 
 and lodges the spinal marrow. 
 
 The vertebral column, which unites lightness 
 with solidity, serves to support the head and 
 chest. It is the seat of all the movements of the 
 trunk, the weight of which it transmits to the 
 pelvis. It lodges and protects the spinal marrow, 
 and gives passage to the vertebral nerves, and to 
 numerous vessels. 
 
 Vertebral Disease, Pachial'gia (of some,) 
 Caries of the Ver'tebrcB, Spondylarthroc' ace, Spon- 
 dyloc'ace, ITypho'sis injlammato'ria, K. para- 
 lyt'ica, Gibbos'itas cario'sa, Ca'ries vertebra'- 
 riim, Spondylal'gia, Spondylo^jyo'siSfTubercvlo'sia 
 Vertebra'rum. The spinal column is liable to 
 distortion, (see Hump,) at times, without the ver- 
 tebrae being much, if at all, diseased. At other 
 times, a more formidable affection is induced ; the 
 vertebraa becoming carious, and the interverte- 
 bral cartilages ulcerated ; followed by a more or 
 less complete loss of power over the lower extre- 
 mities. In such case, on examining the spine, 
 one or more of the spinous processes is found to 
 project beyond the rest. The disease was first 
 well described by Mr. Percival Pott; and, hence, 
 it has been called, by the French, Ilaladte de 
 Pott, {3Ialum Pot'tii, Gibbus Pot'tii, or Pott'a 
 disease.) It usually occurs in scrofulous sub- 
 jects, and the treatment consists in establishing 
 a counter-irritation by blisters, issues, or the 
 moxa, opposite the transverse processes of the 
 diseased vertebrae. The sore must be suffered to 
 remain open and the patient kept in the horizon- 
 tal posture until the use of the limbs is recovered ; 
 employing tonics, the free admission of fresh air, 
 &c., at the same time. 
 
 Vertebral Lig'aments, (F.) Lignmentu ver- 
 tebraux, Surtouts ligamenteux de la colonna ver- 
 
VERTEBRES 
 
 903 
 
 VESICULA 
 
 iShrale, are distinguished into anterior and pos- 
 terior. They consist of long, ligamentous cover- 
 ings ; the anterior occupying the anterior part 
 of the vertebral column ; and the posterior seem- 
 ing to arise from the occipito-axoid ligament, and 
 seated behind the bodies of the vertebrae, from 
 the axis to the sacrum. 
 
 Vertebral Nerve, Trisplanchinc. 
 Vertebral Nerves, Spinal Nerves, spring 
 successively from the spinal marrow ; from its 
 origin to its termination. These nerves — 30 pairs 
 in all — arise by two roots; one anterior, from the 
 (interior or an'tero-lat'eral column of the spinal 
 marrow, and the ofhQT posterior, from the p>oste- 
 riur column, and afterwards issue by the verte- 
 bral and sacral foramina. Each of these roots 
 seems to have a distinct function ; the posterior 
 being destined to convey sensation to parts; the 
 anterior, motion. On the posterior root, before 
 its junction with the anterior, there is a ganglion. 
 Of the 30 pairs, 7 are cervical nerves, 12 dorsal, 
 6 lumbar, and 6 sacral. See Nerves. 
 
 VERTEBRES, Vertebra. 
 
 VERTEBRODYMIA, see Somatodymia. 
 
 VEllTEBRO-ILIAC LIGAMENT, Ileo-lum- 
 bar ligament. 
 
 VERTEX, Cor'ypTie, Acrori'a, Spon'dyhis. 
 The top or highest part of the head. See Sinciput. 
 
 Vertex Cordis, Mucro Cordis — v. Cubiti, 
 Olecranon — v. Palpitans, Fontanella. 
 
 VERTIBITLUM, Trepan. 
 
 VERTICULA, Articulation. 
 
 VERTICULUM, Articulation. 
 
 VERTICULUS, Articulation. 
 
 YERTIGE, Vertigo. 
 
 VERTIG"INOUS, Yertigino'sus, (E.) Vertigi- 
 ncu-r. Relating or pertaining to vertigo. Giddy. 
 
 VERTI'GO, from vertere, 'to turn;' Einos, 
 lUn'gos, Gid'diness, Diz'ziness, Einus verti'go, 
 Halhtcina'tio vertigo, Autal'gia vertigo, Circum- 
 gyra'tio. Swimming of the head, (F.) Vertige, 
 Etourdissement. A state in which it seems that 
 all objects are turning round; or that the indivi- 
 dual himself is performing a movement of gyra- 
 tion. Two varieties have been designated; — 
 simpile vertigo, where the objects are seen ; and 
 scotodynia, in which the sight is obscured, and 
 the individual often falls. Vertigo is dependent 
 upon the condition of the brain ; and often an- 
 nounces an attack of apoplexy or epilepsy. 
 
 Vertigo Tenebricosa, Scotodynia. 
 
 VERUGAS (S.), from verruca. A peculiar 
 disease affecting certain localities of Peru, which 
 manifests itself by sore-throat, pains in the bones, 
 and other" febrile symptoms. In the course of a 
 few days, an eruption of red pimples or boils ap- 
 pears. These sometimes increase in magnitude 
 till they become nearly as large as an egg, 
 and discharge blood copiously. It is ascribed to 
 the water of certain springs in the valleys, and 
 especially in that of Surea : called Agna de Ve- 
 ruga. — Tschudi. 
 
 VERUMONTANUM, Gallinaginis caput. 
 
 VERVAIN, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 VERVEINE, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 VESA'NIA, Vesa'nics, 'madness.' Derange- 
 ment of the intellectual and moral faculties, with- 
 out coma or fever. Many nosologists have used 
 this as a generic term; under which they have 
 included the diflFerent species of mental alienation, 
 hypochondriasis, somnambulism, and even hydro- 
 phobia. See Nosology. 
 
 Vesania Mania, Mania. 
 
 Vesani^e, Insanity. 
 
 VESICA BILIARIA, Gall-bladder— v. Cordis, 
 Bee Pericardium — v. Fellea, Gall-bladder — v. In- 
 testinales, Vcsicula umbilicalis — v. Prostatica, see 
 
 Ejaculatory Ducts — v. Saecata, Stricture of the 
 urinary bladder — v. Urinaria, Urinary bladder. 
 
 Vesicae Irritabimtas, Cysterethismus — v. 
 Unguinosse tendinum, Bursse mucosas. 
 
 VES'ICAL, Vesica'lis, from vesica, 'the blad- 
 der.' That which belongs or relates to the bladder. 
 
 Vesical Arteries vary in number and origin. 
 The umbilical artery always sends off two or 
 three : the middle hemorrhoidal, internal pudie, 
 and obturator furnish others, which ramify and 
 anastomose in the parletes of the bladder; the 
 hypogastric furnishes one which is somewhat 
 larger, the Vesico-prostatic (Ch.), and proceeds 
 to the has-fond of the bladder, sending numerous 
 ramifications to it as well as to the surrounding 
 parts. 
 
 Vesical Ganglia, see Spermatic Ganglion — 
 V. Triangle, see Urinary Bladder. 
 
 Vesical Veins, much more numerous than the 
 arteries, open into the hj-pogastric plexus. 
 
 Vesicant, Blister, Epispastic. 
 
 VESICARIUM, Ovarium. 
 
 VESICA'TION, Vesica'tio; same etymon, (F.) 
 Ve'sication. The action of a vesicant. The 
 formation of blisters. 
 
 YESICATOIRE, mister — v. Ilagistral, Ma^ 
 gistral. 
 
 VESICATORIUM, Blister. 
 
 VESICLE, Vesicula— V. Allantoid, Allantois— 
 V. Blastodermic, see Molecule — v. Cowpox, see 
 Vaccination. 
 
 Vesicle op Development, F.o/i7j;o?!(<!'oji. A 
 vesicle or cyst concerned in histogeny. 
 
 Vesicle of Evolution, V. of Development — 
 V. Germinal, see Molecule — v. Purkinjean, see 
 Molecule — v. Umbilical, Vesicula umbilicalis. 
 
 Vesicles of de Graap, Folliculi Graafiani. 
 
 VES'ICO-VAG"INAL, Yesi' co-vagina' lis. Re- 
 lating to the bladder and the vagina; as vesico- 
 vaginal Jistida. 
 
 VESICULA, Cy8tinx,Yes'icJe ; diminutive of 
 vesica, ' a bladder.' A small bladder or cj-st. 
 
 Vesicula, Yes'icle, Ecphly'sis, Cystinx, in pa- 
 thology, means a small orbicular elevation of the 
 cuticle containing lymph, which is sometimes 
 clear and colourless, but often opake and whitish 
 or pearl-coloured. It is succeeded, either by a 
 scurf, or by a laminated scab. 
 
 Vesicula ^nigmatosa, Vesicula umbilicalis 
 — V. Alba, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. Bills, Gall- 
 bladder — V. Blastodermatica, see Molecule — v. 
 Chyli, Receptaculum chyli — v. Erythroidea, Ery- 
 throid vesicle — v. Fellis, Gall-bladder — v. Gan- 
 grajnescens, see Anthrax — v. Germinativa, see 
 Molecule — v. Omphalo-mesenterica, Vesicula um- 
 bilicalis — V. Ovalis, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. Pro- 
 lifera, see Molecule — v. Prostatica, see Ejacula- 
 tory Ducts. 
 
 Vesic'ulA Umbilica'lis, Umhil'ical Yes'icle, 
 Yesicula alba seu o?n'phalo-7nesenter'ica seu cenig- 
 mato'sa seu ova'lis, Yesi'ca intestinalis. Intestinal 
 Yesiele, Yit'elline Pottch. A small, pyriforu., 
 round, or spheroidal sac, which, about the fif- 
 teenth or twentieth day after fecundation, is of 
 the size of a common pea, and probably acquires 
 its greatest dimensions in the course of the third 
 or fourth week. After the seventh week, it be- 
 comes shrivelled and disappears insensibly. It 
 seems to be situate between the chorion and am- 
 nion, and is commonly adherent either to the 
 outer surface of the amnion, or to the inner sur- 
 face of the chorion, but at times is loose between 
 them. The vitelline p)ed'icle, which attaches the 
 vesicle to the embryo, is continuoiis with the intes- 
 tinal canal ; and, up to twenty or thirty days of 
 embryonic life, is hollow ; — Ductus om'phalo-me- 
 senter'icus seu vitel'lo-intestina'lis seu vitc.lla'riut. 
 
VESICUL^ 
 
 904 
 
 VIABLE 
 
 vitelline Duct. Its arteries are the ompbalo-me- 
 senteric. The nitelline fluid, contained in the 
 vesicle, has been compared, from analogy, to the 
 vitelltis or yolk of birds ; and, like it, is an olea- 
 ginous substance, and presumed to be inservient 
 to the nutrition of the embryo. 
 
 VESICUL^ constitute the 6th order of Bate- 
 man's classification of Cutaneous Diseases. 
 
 Vesicol^, see Villous membranes — v. Dirae 
 Barbaras, Variola confluens — v. Gingivarnm, 
 Aphthfe — V. Pulmonales, see Cellule — v. Rotundas 
 cervieis uteri, Nahothi glandulse — v. Sanguinis, 
 Globules of the blood — v. Seminales mulierum, 
 JS'abothi glandulas — v. Spermaticse, Vesiculffi se- 
 minales. 
 
 VesiCUL^ Sejiina'les, F. Semina'ria seu sper- 
 mat'iccs, Cap'sulcB semina'les, Conceptac'nla semi- 
 nuria, Gonecys' tides, (F.) Vesicules seminales, 
 Gardouclies, Greniers, are two small membranous 
 sacs, which serve as reservoirs for the sperm, and 
 probably secrete a fluid to be mixed with the 
 sperm. They are situate beneath the bladder, 
 and above the rectum, behind the prostate and to 
 the outer side of the vasa deferentia. They are 
 of an irregular conoidal shape ; flattened from 
 above to below; embossed on their surface, and 
 of a grayish tint. Their posterior extremity or 
 fundus terminates by a round cul-de-sac. Their 
 anterior extremity or neck is narrow and elon- 
 gated, and is continuous with the excretory duct 
 of the vesicula. This duct joins the vas deferens, 
 and forms with it the ejaeulatory duct. The in- 
 terior of the vesiculee exhibits several cells, which 
 communicate with each other, and are lined by a 
 very thin, mucous membrane. 
 
 VESICULAR, Vesicula'ris. Of or belonging 
 to a vesicle : — full of or containing small vesicles 
 or cells. The cortical or gray matter of the brain 
 is sometimes termed vesicular. See Cortex cere- 
 bri and Neurine. 
 
 VESIGULE BILIAIRE, Gall-bladder— ■y. du 
 Fiel, Gall-Bladder — v. Germinative, see Molecule 
 — V. Ooulifere, see Folliculi Graafiani. 
 
 VESIGULES BE GRAEF, Folliculi Graafiani 
 — V. de Sainfe Barhe, Variola confluens — v. Semi- 
 nales, Vesiculee seminales. 
 
 VESPA, Wasp. 
 
 VESSEL, Vas, Vasum, diminutive Vascidum, 
 Angei'on, Angos, Conceptac'ulum, from (L.) vas, 
 vasculum, (F.) Vaisseatu A canal, more or less 
 elastic, formed by the superposition of membranes, 
 and distinguished, according to its uses and gene- 
 ral arrangement, into Artery, Vein, and Lympha- 
 tic. See, also, Vascular. 
 
 VESSELOUP, Lycoperdon. 
 
 VESSIE, Urinary bladder — v. ct, Culonnes, see 
 Urinary bladder — v. Col de la, Collum vesicae. 
 
 VESSIE NATATOIRE, Air-bladder. 
 
 VESTIBULAR NERVE, see Auditory Nerve. 
 
 VES'TIBULE, Vestib'ulum, from vestio, 'to 
 cover.' The porch or entrance to a house. 
 
 Vestibule, Vestib'ulum, V. Vagi'nce, Prona'us, 
 Atritim Vagi'ncR, Amh'itus genita'lis midie'bris, 
 is a smooth cavity between the perinteum and 
 nymphse in the female, which leads to two pas- 
 sages — to the urethra above, and to the vagina 
 below. 
 
 Ves'tibulb op the Ear, Vestih'idum, V. laby- 
 rin'thi, (F.) Vestibule. A cavity of an irregular 
 shape, which forms part of the labyrinth or in- 
 ternal ear. The vestibule is situate on the inner 
 side of the tympanum ; on the outer side of the 
 meatus auditorius iuternus ; before the semicircu- 
 lar canals, and behind the cochlea. It is lined 
 by a particula*- membrane, and contains the liquor 
 of Cotunbius and branches of the auditory nerve. 
 There is also another membrane, constituting the 
 
 mem'branous vestibule, but it is not an exact imi- 
 tation of the osseous cavity. It is composed of 
 two distinct sacs, which open into each other — • 
 the sac'cidua vestib'uli, and the sacculus. There 
 are three contiguous cavities in the vestibule; ona 
 of which, the semi-oval, is situate above ; another, 
 the hemispherical, below ; and the third, or sulci- 
 form, which is the orifice of the aquaeductus ves- 
 tibuli, behind. 
 
 VESTIBULUM LABYRINTHI, Vestibule of 
 the ear — v. Vaginse, Vestibule. 
 
 VESTIGE (F.), Vestig"ium, 'a vestige,' 'a 
 trace.' A kind of fracture of flat bones, consist- 
 ing of a simple incision having the mark of the 
 instrument that caused it. The term is also ap- 
 plied to a part of the body, which may have no 
 evident use in man, and yet may be greatly em- 
 ployed in animals. For example, the muscles of 
 the external ear in man are almost devoid of use, 
 or are vestiges of what they are in certain animals. 
 
 VESTIGIUM, Sole, Vestige — y. Foraminis 
 ovalis, Ovalis fossa — v. Pedis, Metatarsus. 
 
 VESTI'TUS, Esthe'ma, Esthe'sis, Clothing, Rea 
 vestia'ria, Eress, Vesture, (F.) Vetement, from 
 vestire, vestitum, 'to clothe.' Any substance used 
 for the purpose of covering nakedness, or pre- 
 serving from atmospheric temperature by being 
 worn on the body. The best clothing in winter 
 is composed of articles that are bad conductors 
 of caloric, and do not admit of ready evaporation 
 of the matter of perspiration. In this respect, 
 woollen vestments deserve the first place, and 
 cotton the second. Colour has likewise to be re- 
 garded — the darkest hues transmitting the heat 
 most readily through them. It has been found that 
 the same rule applies to odours — the darker co- 
 lours retaining a greater amount of odorous par- 
 ticles than the lighter. Hence the necessity of 
 white walls, white bed-clothes, &c., in the wards 
 of hospitals ; for it is probable that the like law 
 applies to contagious miasms. 
 
 VESTURE, Vestitus. 
 
 VETA, Puna. 
 
 VETEMENT, Vestitus. 
 
 VETERANA, Rubeola. 
 
 VETERINARIUS, see Hippiater and Veteri- 
 narv. 
 
 VET'ERINARY, Veterina'rins, (F.) Veteri- 
 naire,froTn veterinus, 'that which bears burdens;' 
 itself from vetere, ' to carry.' That which apper- 
 tains to beasts of burden : hence, veterinary sur- 
 geon, (see Farrier,) veterinary collecje, and veteri- 
 nary medicine. 
 
 Veterinary Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
 
 Veterinary Art, Ars seu Mediei'na veterina'- 
 ria, Zooi'asis, Zoiatri'a, Theriat'rica, Mulomedi- 
 ci'na, Zobtherain' a , Zootherapeu' tice, Ars zoiut'- 
 rica, Far'riery. The art of treating the diseases, 
 <tc., of cattle. 
 
 VETERNOSITAS, Coma vigil. 
 
 VETERNUS, Coma vigil. 
 
 VETONICA CORDI, Betonica officinalis. 
 
 VETULA, Sacrum. 
 
 VEXILLA TUBARUM FALLOPII, see Tube, 
 Fallopian. 
 
 VEXILLUM, Dra2)eau. 
 
 VIA, AVay — v. Curandi, Ratio medendi — v. 
 Stomachi et ventris, Esophagus. 
 
 VIABILITY, see Viable. 
 
 VI'ABLE, Vinb'ilis, from via, 'way;' or from 
 (F.) vie, 'life,' (Orfila.) A word, which may bo 
 introduced with great advantage from the French 
 into our language. It is an epithet applied to a 
 foetus whose organs are properly formed, and so 
 developed as to permit its continued existence. 
 Every foetus is not viable. Anencephali have 
 lived ten or twelve days, yet they are not viable; 
 a part or the whole of the brain being wanting. 
 
VI^ 
 
 905 
 
 VILLOUS 
 
 The older the foetus, the more viable is it. It is 
 an idle prejudice that a child, born at the end of 
 eight months, is less likely to live than one born 
 at the end of seven. The signs of viability are 
 drawn from the weight, length, external confor- 
 mation, &c., of the foetus. It may be laid down 
 as a general rule, that no foetus born before the 
 end of the seventh month is viable. 
 
 VI^ CHYLIFERiE, Chyliferous vessels. 
 
 VijE Clandes'tin^, Clandestine Passages. 
 Supposititious secret ways or passages or 'royal 
 roads,' to account for the rapid transmission of 
 substances taken into the stomach to the kidneys 
 or bladder. 
 
 Vi^ ExTRAORDiNARi^ Lactis, Galactoplania 
 — V. Lacrymales, Lachrymal passages — v. Pri- 
 mDe, Ways, digestive — v. Secundfe, Ways, second. 
 
 VIAL, Phiala. 
 
 VIBI'CES, Mol'opes, Stria, (P.) Vergetnres. 
 Large purple spots, like the marks produced by 
 the strokes of a whip, which appear under the 
 skin in certain malignant fevers. They are un- 
 favourable indications, as they denote great pros- 
 tration. 
 
 VIBRAMEN, Oscillation. 
 
 VIBRANS, Vibratory. 
 
 VIBRATTLE, Vibratory. 
 
 VIBRATIL'ITY, Vibratil'itas, from vihrare, 
 'to oscillate.' Capability of being thrown into 
 vibration. 
 
 VIBRATIO, Oscillation— V. Cardiaca, Palpita- 
 tion — V. Cordis, Palpitation. 
 
 VIBRATION, PECTORAL, see Fremitus— v. 
 Tactile, see Fremitus — v. Tussive, see Tussive. 
 
 VIBRATIONS OF SOUND, see Sound. 
 
 VIBRATOR, Deferens vas. 
 
 VI'BRATORY, Vi'brative, Vibrans, (F.) Vi- 
 hratile, from vibrai-e, 'to quiver.' An epithet 
 applied to the pain that accompanies some neu- 
 ralgia}, which seems to the patient to vibrate 
 among the nerves. 
 
 Vibratory Motion, see Cilia. 
 
 VIBRATUS, Oscillation. 
 
 VIB'RIO ; from vibrare, ' to quiver.' A genus 
 of infusory animalcules, of which different spe- 
 cies are met with, — for example, Vib'rio pro'lifer 
 in almost all putrescent fluids containing protein, 
 and in the pus of chancres ; in which last the F. 
 lineola has likewise been found. 
 
 VIBRIS'S^, from vibrare, 'to quiver.' The 
 hairs which grow at the entrance of the nostrils 
 and of other outlets. In the feline tribe, the 
 whiskers. 
 
 VIBURNUM CASSINOIDES, Ilex Para- 
 guensis. 
 
 Vibur'num DENTA'TUir, Arroio Wood, Mealy 
 Tree, Tily of the Indians. A high indigenous 
 shrub, of the same family as V. lentago ; the bark 
 of which has been used by the Indians as a 
 diuretic. 
 I Viburnum L^vigatum, Ilex Paraguensis. 
 
 Viburnum Lenta'go, Sioeet Viburnum, Nanny- 
 berry. A handsome indigenous tree, of the ho- 
 neysuckle family — CaprifoliaeeEE — which flowers 
 in May and June. It has been used as an anti- 
 periodic. 
 
 Vibur'num Prunifo'lium, Blade Haw, Sloe- 
 leaved Viburnum. Indigenous : flowering in 
 May. The leaves have been used as tea. 
 
 ViBURNuir, Slow-leaved, V. prunifolium — v. 
 Sweet, V. lentago. 
 
 VIC-LE-COMPTE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Vic-le-Compte is a small village in the de- 
 partment of Puy de D6me, three leagues from 
 Issoire; where there is an acidulous chalybeate, 
 ■which is aperient. 
 
 VICA'RIOUS, Vica'rius, from viej's, ' change, 
 place.' Taking the place of another: — as 'vica- 
 
 riou: secretion,' Secre'tio viea'ria ; a secretion 
 which takes place in one part instead of another. 
 
 VICAR'S BRAY, MINERAL AVATERS OF. 
 This spring is situate in Perthshire, Scotland, 
 about two miles from Dollor, and near to Blarn- 
 gone. The water is one of the strongest chaly- 
 beates known. 
 
 VICE, Cachosis. 
 
 VICHY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Carbo- 
 nated alkaline ehalybeates, the sources of which 
 are at Vichy, six leagues from Moulins, in the 
 department of AUier. The springs are seven in 
 number. Almost all are thermal ; give off bub- 
 bles of carbonic acid gas, and have a slightly sul- 
 phureous odour. They deposite carbonates of 
 lime and magnesia, and a little oxide of iron; 
 and afford, on analysis, carbonates of lime, soda, 
 iron, and magnesia, carbonic acid, sulphate of 
 soda, and chloride of sodium. They are em- 
 ployed as tonics, particularly in chronic affections 
 of the abdominal viscera, in old catarrhs, diseases 
 of the joints, &e. 
 
 Vichy Water, Factit"ious, Aqua Vicien'sis, 
 (F.) Eau de Vichy, is made of simple acidulous 
 water, impregnated with twice its bulk of carbo- 
 nic acid, ^^xxss; subcarbonate of soda, gr. xxxij; 
 suljjhate of soda, gr. xyj ; chloride of sodium, gr. 
 iv; subcarbonate of magnesia, gr. ss ; chloride of 
 iron, gr. i. Mix. Ph. P.) 
 
 VICIA ERVILIA, Ervum. 
 
 Vic"iA Faba, Faba, F. major sen vulgaris, 
 Or'obus faba. The Common Garden Bean, (F.) 
 Feve on f eve des marais. Family, Leguminos£e. 
 Sex. Sysf. Diadelphia Decandria. A native of 
 Egypt, of which there are many varieties. Beans 
 are not easy of digestion. They are proverbially 
 flatulent, especially when old. When young, 
 they are more digestible and wholesome. Bean 
 meal was one of the four resolvent meals of the 
 ancients. 
 
 VICINITRACTUS, Erysipelas. 
 
 VICINITRAHA, Erysipelas. 
 
 VICTORIALIS FEMINEA, Gladiolus vulga- 
 ris — V. Longa, Allium victoriale — v. Rotunda, 
 Gladiolus vulgaris. 
 
 VICTliS RATIO, Diet, 
 
 VIDANGES, Lochia. 
 
 VIDIAN CANAL, Pterygoid canal. 
 
 VIE, Life — V. Buree de la, see Longevity — v, 
 Mogenne, see Longevity. 
 
 VIEILLESSE, Senectus. • 
 
 VIERGE, Virgin. 
 
 VI F ARGENT, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 VIGILANCE, Insomnia. 
 
 VIGILANTIA, Egregorsis. 
 
 VIGILATIO, Egregorsis. 
 
 VIGILIA, Egregorsis. 
 
 VIGILI^, Egregorsis — v. Nimiae, Coma vigiL 
 
 VIGILIUM, Egregorsis. 
 
 VIGNE, Yiiis vinifera — v. Blanche, Bryonia 
 alba — V. du Nord, Humulus lupulus — v, Vierge, 
 Bryonia alba. 
 
 VIGOR, Acme. 
 
 VILLA FRANCA, (CLIMATE OF.) This 
 little town is situate immediately to the eastward 
 of Montalbano, which separates the bay of Villa 
 Franca from that of Nice. It is on the southern 
 declivity of a steep and lofty range of mountains ; 
 and is more efi"ectually sheltered from the north 
 and north-west winds than Nice, with the climate 
 of which that of Villa Franca closely corresponds, 
 
 VILLI, see Villous membranes. 
 
 VILLOUS, Villo'sus, from villus, a hair.' 
 
 Villous Membranes or Coats, Velamen'ta 
 Bonibyc"ina, (F.) Membranes villeuses, Membranes 
 veloutes, are such as are covered with soft paiMlla9 
 or Villi, Flocci, Floc'culi, Vesic'idm,- Cylin'dri, 
 Tubi Membrana'cei, constituted of blood- ^'essels. 
 
VIN 
 
 906 
 
 VINUM 
 
 nerves, and al-sortents ; or such as are covered 
 v/ith fine down, so as to cause tbem to feel soft 
 and velvety. The term is, however, chiefly re- 
 stricted to the former. Chaussier gives the name 
 simple villous membranes to the serous mem- 
 branes ; and that of com2}licated or follicular vil- 
 lous membranes to the mucous membranes. On 
 these membranes there are bodies endowed with 
 ciliary motion. 
 
 VIN, Wine — v. de Bordeaux, Claret — v. de 
 Poulet, see Poiilet — v. de Qinnquina compose, Vi- 
 num de kin a kina compositum — v. Sec, Sack. 
 
 VINAIGRE, Acetum, see Aceticum acidum — 
 V. Scillitique, Acetum scillsE — v. de Bois, Pyro- 
 ligneous acid. _, 
 
 VINAIGRES MEDICINAUX, Acetica. 
 
 VINCA MINOR, Vinca pervin'ca, Clem'atis 
 daphnoi'des major, Lesser periicinlde, (F.) Per- 
 cenche, Violette des Sorciers. It has bitter and 
 astringent properties, and has been used in gar- 
 gles and diseases of the chest. 
 
 VINCETOXICUM, Asclepias vincetoxicum. 
 
 VINCTURA, Fascia, 
 
 VINCULA, Fascia, 
 
 VINCULUM, Bandage, Lien — v. Caninum, 
 Frasnum penis — v. Linguee, Frsenum lingua; — v. 
 Prasputii, Frsenum penis — v. Umbilicale, Funicu- 
 lus umbilicalis. 
 
 VINE, Vitis vinifera — v. Grape, Vitis vinifera 
 ■ — V. Poison, Rhus radieans — v. Wild, Pareira. 
 
 VINEGAR, AROMATIC SPIRIT OF, see 
 Aceticum acidum — v. of Cantharides, Acetum 
 cantharidis — v. Common, Acetum — v. Distilled, 
 see Aceticum acidum — v. Marseilles, Acetum aro- 
 maticum — v. of Meadow saifron, Acetum colchiei 
 — V. of Opium, Guttag nigrae — v. Radical, Aceti- 
 cum acidum — v. of Squills, Acetum scillfe — v. 
 :f the Four Thieves, Acetum aromaticum — v. 
 Thieve"', Acetum aromaticum — v. '\^hey, see 
 Acetum — v. of Wood, see Aceticum acidum. 
 
 VINETTIER, Oxyeantha Galeni. 
 
 VINEUX, Vinous. 
 
 VINOLENTA, see Temulentia. 
 
 VINOLENTIA, Temulentia. 
 
 VINOSUS, Vinous. 
 
 VINOUS, Vino'sus, (Eno'des, (Eno'i'dea. Re- 
 lating to wine. Having the character of, or re- 
 sembling, wine. Made of wine. 
 
 VINUM, AVine, Sherry wine, (Ph. U. S. 1842,) 
 see Wine. 
 
 ViNUM Aesinthi'tes, Tl^Vne o/ Wormwood. (Fol. 
 absinth, exsic, absinth. Politic, aa Jvj, vini albi 
 Oiv. Macerate for 24 hours, and strain. Ph. P.) 
 Stimulant, tonic, febrifuge, vermifuge. 
 
 ViNUM Adustdm, Brandy — v. Album, Sherry 
 wine, (Ph.U. S. 1851,) see Wine — v. Album Hispa- 
 nicum, see Wine — v. Album Montanum, see Wine. 
 
 ViNUM Al'oes, V. aloes Soeotori'ncB, Vinum 
 aloet'icum, V. aro'mo-aloeticum, Wine of Aloes, 
 Tinctu'ra hi'era, Tinctura sacra. (Aloes in pulv. 
 5j, cardam. cont., Zingih. cont., aa ^j ; vini alb. 
 Oj. Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Ph. L.) 
 Purgative and stomachic, according to the dose. 
 Dose, f^j to f^ij. 
 
 ViNUJi AMARU^f, V. Gentianae comp. — v. Ama- 
 rum scilliticum, &c., V. diureticum amarum — v. 
 Amarum cum spiritii vini, V. gentianaj composi- 
 tum — V. Autimoniale, V. antimonii tartarizati — 
 V. Antimoniatum Huxhami, V. antimonii tartari- 
 zati — V. Antimonii potassio-tartratis, V. antimonii 
 tdrtarizatl. 
 
 Vinum Antimonii, F. antimo'nii tartariza'ti, V. 
 lart'ratis antimonii, V. antimo'nii potas'aio-tar- 
 tratis, Liquor tar'tari emet'iei, Solution of tnr'- 
 tarized antimony, Esaen'tia antimonii seu stib'ii, 
 Antirnonial wine, Vinum benedie'tum, Vinu/n un- 
 timonia'tum Huxha'mi, V. antimoniale, Aqua be- 
 nedio'ta Rulan'di, Vinum, emet'icum. [Ant. et 
 
 Potass, tart. 5j> *""" «^6* f^^- Dissolve the tar- 
 tarized antimony in the wine. Ph. U. S.) Each 
 fluidounce contains two grains of the tartrate. 
 
 The ordinary Antimonial wine is made with 
 glass of antimony ^j, sherry Oiss. 
 
 Ward's Red l)rop consists of a strong vinous 
 solution of tartarized antimony. 
 
 Vinum ANTiscoRBu'TiCTur, Antiseorbu'tic wine. 
 (Rad, armoracia recent, ^j, fol. cochlearim re- 
 cent., nasturtii aquat., trifol. aquatic, semin. sinap., 
 aa §ss, ammonicB muriat. !^ij, vin. albi Oij. Ma- 
 cerate for 36 hours ; filter, and add tinctura coch- 
 lear, ^ss. Ph. P.) Stimulant and tonic. Dose, 
 fgss to f^ij. 
 
 Vinum Aromat'icum, Aromatic wine. {Species 
 aromatic §iv, vin. rubr. Oij. Macerate for 6 daj'S 
 and filter. Ph. P.) Stimulant and tonic. Used, 
 externally, in fomentations, embrocations, &c. 
 
 Vinum Aromo-aloeticum, V. aloes — v. Bene- 
 dictum, V. antimonii tartarizati. 
 
 Vinum Campa'num, F. Campana'cevm. Cham- 
 pagne wine. A well-known sparkling wine of 
 France. 
 
 Vinum Canarinum, see Wine — v. Chalybeatum, 
 V. ferri — v. Cinchonte compositum, V. de kiuii 
 kinS, comp. 
 
 Vinum Col'chici, Wine of Oolchicum, F. Col- 
 chiei Radi'cis, Want's Eau d'Husson. {Golvhic. 
 rad. bene contus. ibj, vini alb. Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days, with occasional agitation, and then ex- 
 press strongly, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. Diuretic, se- 
 dative, and purgative. Chiefly used in gout. 
 Dose, gtt. 40 to f^j. 
 
 Reynold's Specific for gout and rheumatism 
 consisted of the fresh bulb of Cclckicim ^viij. 
 Sherry wine, f5xvj. The colchicum was mace- 
 rated for eight or ten days in the wine, at a gentle 
 heat; coloured with syrup of jxippies and fla- 
 voured with rion. Reynolds is said to have 
 killed himself by taking an over-dose of it. 
 
 Vinum Colchici Radicis, V. colchiei. 
 
 Vinum Colchici Sem'inis, Wine of Colchicum 
 seed. (Colchic. sem. cont. "^vi ; vini alb. Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation, 
 then express and filter. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f 3j to 
 
 Vinum Cbematum, Brandy. 
 
 Vinum Diuret'icum Ama'rum, Vinum amarum 
 scillit'icum compos' itum in Charita'tls Noaocomi'o 
 usurpa'tum, Bitter diurct'ic loine. ( Cort. cinchon., 
 Winteran., Union., a.^^\i,rhus toxicodendr., acillce, 
 cacumin. angeliccB, aa ^ss, fol. absinth., meliascB, 
 aa ,^j, baccar. junip., mctcis, aa ^ss, vin. alb. 
 Oviij. Macerate and filter. Ph. P.)^ Stimulant, 
 tonic, and diuretic. Dose, f^ss to f.^iss. 
 
 Vinum Emeticum, V. antimonii tartarizati. 
 
 Vinum ER'coTiE, Wine of Ergot. {ErgotcB, 
 cont., 5ij; vini alb. Oj. Macerate for 14 days, 
 with occasional agitation; then express, and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, ITLxx to f,^j to produce the 
 peculiar effects of ergot. 
 
 Vinum Ferratum, V. Ferri. 
 
 Vinum Ferri, F. chalybea' turn, Steel wine, 
 Wine of Iron, Vinum ferra'tum, V. Ilartia'tum, 
 V. ilartia, Tinctura Martia vino'sa, Tinctura 
 Martia cum vino. (Iron, 3J» supier-tartrate of 
 Potass, in powder, ^vj, distilled water, Oij or q. s., 
 proof spirit, f^xx. Rub the iron and super- 
 tartrate of potass together, and expose them to 
 the air in a flat vessel, moistened with a fluidounce 
 of water, for a fortnight; agitating every day 
 with a spatula, and sprinkling them with water, 
 to keep them moist. Then dry with a gentle 
 heat, and mix with ,^xxx ot distilled water. Fil- 
 ter the fluid and add the spirit. Ph. L.) Tonio. 
 Dose, f5J to f3''^' 
 
 It is somttimes made by adding two pints of 
 
VINUM 
 
 907 
 
 VIRGINITY 
 
 wine to two ounces of iron filings ; macerating and 
 filtering. 
 
 YiNUJi Gentia'nje CoMPOs'iTUjr, V. Ama'nim, 
 Compound wine of gentian, Infu'sum ema'rnm 
 vino'sum, Vimi.m amarum cum spiritO, vini, Wine 
 hitters. [Had. gentian. lutecB .^ss, cort. cinchon. 
 Ojffic. ^i. cort. aurant. gij, canellcB alb. ^j, alcohol, 
 dilut. f^iv, vini alb. Hispanic. Oijss. Ph. E.) 
 Dose, fgj to fgvj. 
 
 YixuM HiPPOCRATicuM, Claret — v. Hispanicum, 
 Vinum, see Wine — v. Hordeaceum, Cerevisia— v. 
 Hydatodes, see Hydatoid. 
 
 ViNUJi Ipecacuan'h^, Ipecacuan'ha wine. 
 (Tpecacuan. cont. ^ij, vini alb. Oij.) Macerate 
 for 14 days, express, and filter. Emetic and dia- 
 plioretic. Dose, as an emetic, f ^i^ to f^x- 
 
 YiNUMDE KiNA KiNA CoMPos'iTusr, V. cinclio'- 
 VCB compositum, Comp>ound bark icine, (F.) Vin de 
 qttiiiqnina compose. (Cort. cinchon. pulv. Ibss, 
 gjiassice, cort. Winteran., cort. aurant. sice, aa 
 5SS, alcohol. (12° to 22° Beaume) Oj. Macerate 
 for 24 hours; and add vini albi Ovj. Macerate 
 for four days, and filter. Ph. P.) Tonic, febri- 
 fuge, and stomachic. Dose, f,f ss to f^ij. 
 
 Vinum Maktiatum, V. ferri — v. Martis, V. 
 f-jrri — V. Medicatum, see Claret. 
 
 Vinum Medicina'le, Iledicated Wine. Wine, 
 holding in solution one or more medicines. Me- 
 dicinal wines are obtained by macerating or di- 
 gesting medicinal substances in wine. They 
 differ, of course, according to the nature of the 
 medicine employed, the strength of the wine, &c. 
 In a late Pharmacopoeia of the London College, 
 all the wines were changed into weak tinctures ; 
 but the old names were left unaltered. Sherry is 
 the wine usually employed. The following are 
 medicated wines. 
 
 Vinum MsRuir, Aeratum — t. Nicotianse tabaci, 
 V. tabaci — r. Opiatum fermentatione paratum, 
 Laudanum abbatis Rousseau. 
 
 ViNUJt O'PII, Wine of Opium, Vinum de opio 
 com]3os 'itxim, Land'anum liq'uidum Sydenha'mi, 
 Laudanum, liquidum Hoffman'ni, Tinctu'ra The- 
 ha'ica, Ford's laudanum. (Opii in pulv. gij; 
 cinnam. cont., caryophyll. cont. aa ^j ; vini albi 
 Oj. Macerate for 14 days ; express and filter. — 
 Ph. U. S.) Narcotic. Dose, gtt. xv to f^j. 
 
 Vinum de Opio Compositum, V. opii — v. Pica- 
 turn, Pissites. 
 
 Vinum Portugal 'licum, V. rulrum, (Ph. U. S. 
 1851.) Wine of Portugal or of Oporto. Port 
 ■wine. A strong astringent wine, not much 
 drunk in the United States; but greatly used 
 in England. 
 
 Vinum Qui'nijs, Wine of Quinia, ( Wine Ibij, 
 sulphate of quinia gr. x. Mix.) Dose, f^iss or 
 more ; according as it is used as a stomachic, or 
 to arrest ague. A Vinum Cincho'nice may be 
 made in the same way. 
 
 Vinum Rhei, V. B. palma'ti, Rhubarb Wine, 
 Tinctura Rhahar'bari Vino'sa, Vimim Rhaharbari, 
 Elixir Rhei dulce, E. R. Compos'itum. (Rhei 
 cont. §ij, canellcB cont. ^j, alcohol, dilut. f ,^ij, 
 vini albi, Oj. Macerate for 14 days; express and 
 filter. — Ph. U. S.) Laxative and stimulant. 
 Dose, f^iv to f^iss. 
 
 Vinum P^hei Palmati, V. Rhei — ^v. Rhenanum, 
 see AVine — v. Rhaharbari, V. rhei palmati — v. 
 Rubrum, V. Portugallicum — v. Rubrum Portu- 
 gallicum, see Wine. 
 
 Vinum Tab'aci, Vinum Nicotia'nm Tabaci, To- 
 hac'eo Wine. (Tabao. incis. §j, vini albi, Oj. 
 Macerate for 14 days ; express and strain. Ph. 
 U. S.) Narcotic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. 
 In dropsical cases, colica pictonum, and ileus. 
 Not used. Dose, gtt. xx to xxxvj. 
 
 Vinum Vera'tri, V. V. albi, Wine of White 
 Hel'lebore, [Veratri cont, ^iv; Vini albi, Oj. 
 
 Macerate for 14 days, express and filter. — Ph. U. 
 S.) In cutaneous affections, and in gout. Dose^ 
 ten minims. 
 
 Vinum Veratri Albi, V. Veratri. 
 
 VIOL, Stuprum. 
 
 VI'OLA, Viola odora'ta seu mar'fia, Ion, Ifa- 
 trona'lis, Viola'ria, the Sweet Violet, (F.) Violette 
 a bouquets, V. odorante. The flowers of the sweet 
 violet have a pleasant, peculiar odour, and scarcely 
 any taste. They are slightly laxative. 
 
 Viola Cani'na, V. sijlaea'tris. The Pog Violet. 
 The root of this plant ia emetic and cathartic 
 Dose, 9j. 
 
 Viola Ipecacuanha, see Ipecacuanha — v. 
 Lutea, Cheiranthus cheiri — v. Martia, Viola — v. 
 Odorata, Viola — v. Palustris, Pinguicola vulgaris. 
 
 Viola Peda'ta, Viola, (Ph. U. S.) This in- 
 digenous violet, which grows from New England 
 to Carolina, is regarded by some as a useful de- 
 mulcent in pectoral affections. 
 
 Viola Sylvestris, V. Canina. 
 
 Viola Tri'color, Heart's ease, Pansiea, Jace'a 
 tricolor, Herba seu Flos Trinita'tis, (F.) Pensee, 
 P. sauvage. The decoction of this beautiful little 
 plant has been recommended in diseases of the 
 skin, &c. Its roots are, also, emetic and cathartic. 
 
 VIOLARIA, Viola. 
 
 VIOLET, DOG, Viola canina — v. Bloom, So- 
 latium dulcamara- — v. Sweet, Viola. 
 
 VIOLETTE A BOUQUETS, Viola— t;. Odor, 
 ante, Viola — v. des Sorciers, Vinca minor. 
 
 VIOLIEB JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheirL 
 
 VIORNA, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 VIPER, EGYPTIAN, Aspis— v. Grass, Seor- 
 zonera — v. Ten inch lonsr. Echidna ocellata. 
 
 VIPERA, Coluber berus. 
 
 VIPERARIA, Aristolochia serpentaria, Scor- 
 zonera. 
 
 VIPERINA VIRGINIANA, Aristolochia ser- 
 pentaria. 
 
 VIR, Penis — v. Effceminatus, Gynajcaner, 
 
 VIRAGO, see Pogoniasis. 
 
 VIRGA, Penis — v. Cerea, Bougie — v. Cerebri, 
 Pineal gland. 
 
 VIRGILIA, Cladrastis tinctoria. 
 
 VIRGIN, Virgo, Par'thenus, Expiers nupitia'rvm, 
 (F.) Vierge, Pucelle. A female who has never 
 had sexual intercourse. Applied, also, occasion- 
 ally to the male so circumstanced. 
 
 VIPi'GINAL, Virgina'le,troTavirgo, 'a virgin.' 
 The external genital organs of the virgin. 
 
 Virginal Membrane, Hymen. 
 
 VIRGIN'IA, MINERAL WATERS OF. There 
 are several celebrated mineral springs in Virginia, 
 on the western side of the Blue Ridge. Two 
 Thermal springs exist in Bath county. The Warm 
 Spring, as it is called, issues with a bold stream, 
 suflScient to turn a mill, and to keep the water of 
 its basin at the temperature of 97°. The Hot 
 Spring is a few miles from the Warm. Its tem- 
 perature is 107°. They are both slightly sul- 
 phureous. The Sweet Springs are at the eastern 
 foot of the Allegheny, in Botetourt county; 42 
 miles from the Warm Springs. The water has a 
 temperature of 70°, and is highly impregnated 
 with carbonic acid. The White Sulphur, as well 
 as the Red Sulphur, and Salt Sulphur Springs, 
 are also much celebrated. The Red Spring is 
 afiirmed to exert a sedative influence on the 
 pulse, diminishing the number of its beats. 
 About 15 miles from Staunton are Strilling'a 
 Springs — a sulphuretted water ; and near War- 
 renton, in Fauquier county, there is a sulphu- 
 reous water, called Lee's Springs, which is much 
 frequented. Berldey and Capon Springs ar« 
 likewise celebrated. 
 
 Virginia, Hymen. 
 
 VIRGIN'ITY, Virgin'itas, Parthenei'a, luteg'. 
 
VIRGIN'S BOWER 
 
 90S 
 
 VISUAL 
 
 Tttas, Maid' enTiood, IFaid' enliead, (P.) Yirginite, 
 Pucelage. The state of one who has never had 
 carnal commerce. 
 
 VIRGIN'S BOWER, COMMON, Clematis 
 vitalba, Clematis Virginica — v. Bower, upright, 
 Clematis recta — v. Sweet-scented, Clematis flam- 
 mula. 
 
 Virgin's Milk, Lac Vir'ginis, Lac Virgina'le, 
 (F.) Lait virginal. A tincture of benjamin or 
 of any other balsam, precipitated by the addition 
 of water, which gives it a milky appearance. 
 Also, sub-acetate of lead precipitated by water. 
 It has been used as a cosmetic to remove freckles, 
 &c. 
 
 VIRGINITAS DEFLORATA, Defloration. 
 
 VIRGO, Virgin — v. Aurea, Solidago virgaurea. 
 
 VIRGULA, Penis. 
 
 VIRIDE iERIS, Cupri subacetas — t. Monta- 
 num, Cuprum. 
 
 VIRILE. Penis. 
 
 VIRILES'CENCE ; from vir, ' a man.' The 
 state of the aged female in which she assumes 
 certain of the characteristics of the male. — 
 Mehliss. 
 
 VIRILIA, Pudibilia. 
 
 VIRILITY, Adult age. 
 
 VIROSUS, Virulent. 
 
 VIRTUE, Faculty. 
 
 VIRTUS FORMATRIX, Plastic force— v. 
 t. lastica, Plastic force. 
 
 VIR'ULBNT, Yirulen'tiw, Viro'sue, fiora virus. 
 That which is of the nature of a. virus or which 
 is caused by a virus. Highly noxious. 
 
 VIRUS, from via, 'force.' A Latin word, 
 which signifies poison ; but which, in medicine, 
 has a somewhat different acceptation. By it is 
 understood a principle, unknown in its nature and 
 inappreciable by the senses, which is the agent 
 for the transmission of infectious diseases. Thus 
 we speak of the variolic, vaccine, and syi^^iHtic vi- 
 ruses. Virus differs from venom in the latter being 
 a secretion natural to certain animals, whilst the 
 former is always the result of a morbid process ; 
 —a morhid poison. 
 
 Virus, Ichor, Poison, Sanies — v. Vaccine, see 
 Vaccina — v. Vitale, Sperm. 
 
 VIS, Force — v. Adhsesionis, Cohesion (force 
 of) — V. Attractionis, Cohesion (force of) — v. 
 Aucta, Sthenia — v. Cohtesionis, Cohesion (force 
 of) — V. Conservatrix, V. medicatrix naturae — 
 V. Elastica, Elasticity — v. Essentialis, Plastic 
 force. 
 
 Vis Expul'trix. The organic force by which, 
 it was supposed, the useless was removed from 
 the body. 
 
 Vis Formatita, Plastic force — v. Generatrix, 
 Potentia generandi — r. Imminuta, Asthenia — v. 
 Insita, Irritability — v. Irritabilitatis, Irritability. 
 
 Vis Medica'trix Natu'r^e, Vis conserva'trix, 
 Autocrati'a, Autonom'ia, Antocrato'ria, Authy- 
 gian'sis, Autotlierapei' a, Pltijsiat'rice, Physio- 
 autocrati' a, Physiautocrati' a. A term, employed 
 by some, to express that instinctive healing 
 power, in an animal or vegetable, by virtue of 
 which it can repair injuries inflicted upon it, or 
 remove disease. 
 
 Vis Mor'tua. Under this name Haller in- 
 cluded the mechanical properties of membrane, 
 — flexibility, extensibility, elasticity, &c. — which 
 are totally independent of the vital properties. 
 Ttiey remain some time after the complete ex- 
 tinction of life in all its functions ; seem to be 
 conri(;cted with the mechanical arrangement of 
 particles and the chymical composition of the 
 Bubstanee in which they reside, and not to be 
 nffected until the progress of decomposition has 
 become sensible. 
 
 Vis Muscularis, Myodynamia — v. Nervorum, 
 
 Nervous power — v. Nervosa, Nervous power — v. 
 Plastica, Plastic force — v. Reproductiva, Plastic 
 force — V. Vitse, Irritability. 
 
 Vis Vita'lis, Vis seu Fac'idtas Zo'tiea, (F.) 
 Force vitale. The vital force — Biod of Baron 
 Von Reichenbach — which distinguishes living 
 matter from the dead. Also, Irritability. 
 
 Vis Zotica, Vis vitalis. 
 
 VISAGE, Countenance. 
 
 VISCAGO BEHEN, Cucubalus behen. 
 
 VISCERA, Entrails. 
 
 VISCERAL, Splanchnic. 
 
 VISCERALIS, Stomachal. 
 
 VISCERATION, Exenterismus. 
 
 VISGERES, Entrails. 
 
 VISCONIA, Physconia. 
 
 VISCUM ALBUM, Mis'tletoe, Ixos, Lx'ia, Da- 
 hach, (F;) Gui. A parasitic plant, which grows 
 on a nnmber of trees. Family, Caprifoliaceaj. 
 Sex. Syst. Dicecia Tetrandria. That of the oak — 
 Viscitm querei'num — has been most celebrated, 
 but it does not differ from the others. It was, 
 at one time, much used in epilepsy and other 
 neuroses ; the wood or leaves being given in 
 powder, in the dose of ^ss or ^j. The berries^ 
 also called Pomrnes hemorrho'idales, from their 
 supposed virtues, are drastic; and, when applied 
 externally, are maturative. 
 
 ViscDM Capen'sb. a South African parasitic 
 shrub, which grows on the stems of several spe- 
 cies of Pihus and Euclea. 
 
 ViscuM Flaves'cens, YeVlowisTi Mis'tletoe, 
 indigenous, has been given in similar cases as 
 the Viscum album. 
 
 VISIO, Pupil, Vision. 
 
 VIS'ION, Vis'io, Visus, from videre, visum, 
 ' to see ;' Opsis, Omma, (F.) Vue. The action 
 of seeing. The sight. The sight is one of the 
 five senses, and the eye is its organ. By it we 
 distinguish colours, and appreciate most of the 
 physical qualities of external objects. The eye is 
 composed of difl'erent transparent media, whose 
 curvatures and refractive powers are so combined 
 as to render insensible the aberrations of spheri- 
 city and refrangibility, and to concentrate the 
 numerous rays proceeding from more or less 
 distant objects. These rays traverse, success- 
 ively, the transparent cornea, the aqueous hu- 
 mour, the crystalline, the vitreous humour, and 
 strike upon the retina, on which they impress 
 the figure of the object whence they have pro- 
 ceeded; and, in order that no obscurity may arise 
 from the reflections that might otherwise occur, 
 the anterior of the eye is lined by a membrane — 
 the choroid — which is itself covered internally by 
 a dark pigment. This absorbs the light, like the 
 dark pigment in the interior of telescopes, and 
 thus obviates confusion. As the rays proceeding 
 from an object must cross each other in their 
 course to the retina, it follows that those pro- 
 ceeding from the upper part of an object must 
 fall upon the lower part of the retina, and con- 
 versely ; so that the object must bo impressed 
 upon the retina in an inverted position; yet ex- 
 perience teaches us to appreciate the position ac- 
 curately. 
 
 Vision, Binocular, see Binocular — v. Co- 
 loured, Chromopsia — v. Double, Diplopia — v. 
 Single, see Binocular. 
 
 VISORIUM ORGANUM, Eye. 
 
 VISORIUS, Visual. 
 
 VIS'UAL, Visna'lis, Viso'rius. Same etymon. 
 That which concerns the sight or belongs to vision. 
 
 Visual Angle is the angle formed by the 
 crossing of two rays, proceeding from opposite 
 points of any body, in their passage through the 
 pupil. It is by the size of this angle that we judge, 
 to a certain extent, of the dimensions of objects. 
 
VISUS 
 
 VOCAL 
 
 VISUS, Vision — v. Acris, Oxydercia — v. 
 Acrior, Nyctalopia — r. Coloratus, Chromopsia 
 - — V. Debilitas, Asthenopia — v. Decolor, Achi-o- 
 inatopsia — v. Dimidiatus, Hemiopia — v. Diurnus, 
 Hemeralopia — v. Duplicatus, Diplopia — v. Hebe- 
 tude, Amblyopia — v. Juvenum, Myopia — v. Lu- 
 cidus, Photopsia — v. Muscarum, see Metamor- 
 pbopsia — V. Nocturnus, Nyctalopia — v. Senilis, 
 Presbytia. 
 
 VITA, Life— V. Propria, Irritability. 
 
 VITAL, Vita'lis, Biot'ie, Biot'icus, (F.) Vital, 
 from vita, 'life.' ' Relating or appertaining to 
 life ; — as 
 
 Vital .Dynamics, seo Dynamic — v. Force, Vis 
 vitalis. 
 
 Vital Prix'ciple, Flam'mula sen Aura vita'- 
 lis, Microcosme'tor, (F.) Flamme vitale, Vital 
 Flame, The principle which, in association with 
 matter, as in organized bodies, controls its ma- 
 nifestations and properties, and distinguishes or- 
 ganized matter from the inorganic. We know 
 nothing of this principle, except in its connexion 
 with organization. 
 
 Vital Properties, see Properties, vital — t. 
 Statistics, Statistics, medical. 
 
 VITALBA, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 VITAL'ITY, Vital' itas, from vita, 'life.' The 
 vital principle : also used in the sense of vital 
 action or movement. 
 
 VITALIZE, To endow with life. 
 
 VITALS, Vita'lia. Parts that are necessary 
 for life — the heart, lungs, and nervous centres 
 more especially. 
 
 VITARO'BORANT, PALMER'S. A farina- 
 ceous preparation, which appears to consist of a 
 mixture of the red or Arabian lentil and wheat 
 flour, the latter in considerable amount, sweet- 
 ened with sugar. It bears considerable resem- 
 blance to Revalenta. 
 
 VITELLARY, Vitelline — v. Membrane, Zona 
 pcllucida. 
 
 VITELLINE, Zona pellucida. 
 
 VIT'ELLINE, Vitel'linus, Vit'ellarij, from vi- 
 teUns, ' the yolk of an egg.' Appertaining to or 
 resembling the vitellus or yolk. 
 
 Vitelline Disc, Proligerous Disc — v. Fluid, 
 see Vesicula umbilicalis. 
 
 Vitelline Ped'icle or Apoph'ysis, is the pedi- 
 cle which attaches the umbilical vesicle to the 
 embryo. See Vesicula umbilicalis. 
 
 Vitelline Pouch, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. 
 Vessels, Omphalo-mesenteric. 
 
 VITELLO-MESENTERIC, Omphalo-mesen- 
 teric. 
 
 VITELLTJM OVI, see Ovum. 
 
 VITELLUS OVI, see Ovum. 
 
 VITEX, V. Agnus Castus seu verticilla'ta, Ag- 
 nus Castus, (F.) Gattilier, Petit Poivre, Poivre 
 aauvage. Family, Pyrenacese. Sex, Syst. Didy- 
 namia Angiospermia. The Chaste Tree, The 
 seeds, when fresh, have a fragrant smell, and an 
 acrid, aromatic taste. Formerly, they were cele- 
 brated as antaphrodisiacs. 
 
 VITI SALTUS, Chorea. 
 
 VITIA PRIMiB CONFORMATIONIS, see 
 Monster. 
 
 VITIATIO, Stuprum. 
 
 VITILIGINES, Ephelides. 
 
 VITILIGO, Lepra — v. Alphus, Lepra alpho- 
 ides — V. Melas, Lepra nigricans — v. Nigra, Lepra 
 nigricans. 
 
 VITIS ALBA STLVESTRIS, Bryonia alba 
 — -v. Apyrena, see V. Corinthiaca. 
 
 ViTis Corinthiaca. Family of the Vines. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. This plant 
 affords the Uvcb passes mino'res, Passes Corinthi- 
 accB, Pas'suIcB mino'res, Uves CorinthiaccB, Gorin- 
 thiaccB, Currants, (F.) liaisins de Corinthe; which 
 
 are the dried frnit of the Vitis Corinthiacn or 
 Vitia apyre'na; and are similar, in their proper- 
 ties, to the raisin. 
 
 Vitis IdyEA Myrtillus, Vaccinium myrtillus 
 — V. Idsea Palustris, Vaccinium oxycoccos — v. 
 Idsea punctata, Vaccinium vitis idsea — v. Sativa, 
 V. vinifera. 
 
 Vitis Vinif'era, V, sati'va, Am'pelos, A. 
 (Enoph'oros. The Grape vine, the Vine, (P.) 
 Vigne. Vine leaves and the tendrils have an 
 astringent taste, and were formerly used in diar- 
 rhoea, hemorrhage, &c. The juice or sap, called 
 Lac'ryma, has been recommended in calculous 
 disorders and in cases of chronic ophthalmia. 
 The juice of the unripe fruit is called Verjuice, 
 The Grapie, Uva, Botrys, Staph'yle, Rhax, (F.) 
 Raisin, when ripe, is a wholesome delicious fruit; 
 and, when dried, forms the Uvcb passes majo'res, 
 Pass'ules majo'res, Uva p>a8S(B sole, sicca'tcs, Zi- 
 bebcB, Baisins. These are inodorous; and to the 
 taste, sub-acidulous, sweet, and mucilaginous. 
 They are demulcent and nutritive. 
 
 VITIUM, Disease — v. Caducum, Epilepsy. 
 
 ViTiuM Conforma'tionis. a disease or fault 
 of conformation. 
 
 ViTiuM DiviNUM, Epilepsy — v. Herculeum, 
 Epilepsy — v. Scrophulosum, Scrofula. 
 
 VITRARIA, Parietaria. 
 
 VITREOUS, Hyaline— V. Humour, Corpus vi- 
 treum — v. Humour of the ear, Vitrine auditive. 
 
 VITREUS, Hyaline. 
 
 VITRINE AUDITIVE (F.), from vitrum, 
 'glass;' End'olymph, Liquor of Scarpia, Fluid 
 of Scarpa, Vitreous Humour of the Ear. The 
 fluid contained in the memhranovs labyrinth of 
 the ear, so called from its resemblance to the 
 vitreous humour of the eye. 
 
 VITRIOL, Ferri sulphas— v. Blue, Cupri sul- 
 phas — V. Cgeruleum, Cupri sulphas — v. Green, 
 Ferri sulphas — v. Roman, Cupri sulphas — v. 
 White, Zinei sulphas. 
 
 VITRIOLUM ALBUM, Zinci sulphas — v. 
 Ammoniacale, Ammonite sulphas — v. Cupri, Cu- 
 pri sulphas — V. Cyprium, Cupri sulphas — v. Ferri, 
 Ferri sulphas — v. Goslariense, Zinci sulphas — v. 
 Martis, Ferri sulphas — v. Romanum, Cupri sul- 
 phas — V. Veneris, Cupri sulphas — v. Viride, Ferri 
 sulphas — V. Zinci, Zinci sulphas. 
 
 VITRUM, Hy'alos, Glass, Brancia, (F.)Ferre, 
 from videre, ' to see.' Glass, coarsely powdered, 
 has been sometimes used to remove specks of the 
 cornea. 
 
 Powdered glass has been regarded, but erro- 
 neously, as a poison. It acts only mechanically. 
 
 The saline scum, which swims on glass when 
 first made, has been used in tooth-powders. It is 
 called Sandiver, Sel de verre, Glass Gall, Fel 
 vitri, &c. 
 
 ViTRUM ANTniONii, 866 Antimonii vitrum — v. 
 Hypoeleptieum, Separatorium — v. Oculare, see 
 Spectacles — v. Sublimatorium, Aludel. 
 
 VITTA, Bandelctte, Caul. 
 
 VIViESECTIO, Vivisection. 
 
 VIVERRA CIVETTA, see Civetta. 
 
 VIVIPARITE, see Viviparous. 
 
 VIVIP'AROUS, from virus, 'alive,' and^5fl7-)'o, 
 'I bring forth.' An epithet applied to animals 
 whose young are brought forth detached, without 
 requiring to be hatched, as in the Oviparous. 
 The condition may be termed Vivip'arousness, 
 (F.) Viviparite. See Generation. 
 
 VIVIPAROUSNESS, see Viviparous. 
 
 VIVISECTION, Vivisec'tio, lireBsec'tio, Bio-- 
 tom'ia, frem vivus, 'alive,' and secare, sectitm, 'to 
 cut.' The act of opening or dissecting living 
 animals. One who performs vivisections is a 
 viviseetor. 
 
 VOCAL, Oral- V. Tube, see Tube, vocaL 
 
VOCALIS 
 
 910 
 
 VOMITING 
 
 VOCALIS, Vowel. 
 
 VOCE I) I PETTO, see Voice — w. di Testa, 
 
 VOICE, Vox, Aude, Phone, (F.) Voix, from 
 i:ocarG, ' to name, to call.' An appreciable sound 
 produced by the air, when driven from the lungs, 
 throwing the inferior ligaments of the glottis into 
 vibration. The function by which this is effected 
 has been called Plwna'tion. It is a function of 
 animal life; and, in animals, is limited to the 
 production of the simiAe or instinct' ive voice, as 
 well as in the idiot; but, in intellectual man, be- 
 comes much more complicated and articulated, — 
 an evidence of his intellectual superiority. 
 
 Voice, Artic'ulated, Speech, toque' la, Glossa, 
 Glotta, La'lia, Phrasis, (F.) Parole, Voix articu- 
 Ue, is the voice as produced by the glottis, modi- 
 fied by the motions of the tongue, lip, and other 
 parts of the vocal tube. Most physiologists agree 
 in regarding the glottis, or the space between 
 the thyro-arytenoid ligaments plus the ligaments 
 themselves, as the part where vocal sounds are 
 formed ; but the mechanism of this formation is 
 a ma.tter of dispute. The greater part of indivi- 
 duals regard the glottis and its ligaments, with 
 the vocal tube, or the space which the sound has 
 to traverse after it is produced in the glottis, as 
 a reed instrument, like the clarionet, the inferior 
 ligaments of the glottis constituting the reed. In 
 speech, as ordinarily eflFected, the tongue, lips, 
 teeth, ko,., are concerned, but there are some 
 authentic cases on record, where it has been ac- 
 complished after the tongue has been removed. 
 In such cases, the articulated voice must have 
 been produced in the glottis alone, or in it aided 
 by an obscure action of the parts above it. 
 
 The singing voice is not limited to the larynx; 
 the pharynx would seem to be concerned also. 
 The notes that are produced in the latter have 
 been termed aupra-laryngeal, or notes of the 
 second register. They constitute the pharyngeal 
 voice, falsetto or fancette voice or voce di testa, 
 (I.) The laryngeal voice or voice of the first re- 
 gister, is the Voce di Petto, (I.) 
 
 VoiCB, Bleating, Egophony — v. Cavernous, 
 Pectoriloquy. 
 
 Voice, Chol'eric, Vox Choler'ica. The pecu- 
 liar husky voice of those affected with cholera. 
 
 Voice, Convul'sive, Vox convulsi'va, (F.) 
 Voix convulsive. A neurosis "of the voice, con- 
 sisting in the production of discordant sounds — 
 acute and grave — which cannot be brought to the 
 natural tones by any effort of volition. It seems 
 to be caused by disordered contraction of the 
 muscles of the larynx. 
 
 Voice, Falsetto, see Voice — v. Goat's, Ego- 
 phony — V. Laryngeal, Laryngophony, see Voice 
 — V. Pharyngeal, see Voice — v. Tracheal, Laryn- 
 gophony. 
 
 VOIE, "Way. 
 
 VOIES DIGESTIVES, Ways, digestive— p. 
 Lachrymales, Lachrymal passages — v. Premieres, 
 Ways, digestive — v. Seeondes, Ways, second — v. 
 Urinaires, Urinary passages. 
 
 VOILE I)U PALAIS, Velum pendulum pa- 
 lali — V. Medullaire inferieure, Velum medullare 
 inferius — i;. Jledullaire supirieure, Valvula Vi- 
 eussenii. 
 
 VOIX, Voice — V. Aigre, see Acid — v. Articn- 
 tee. Voice, articulated, Pectoriloquy — v. Bonr- 
 aonnanie, see Ptcsonance — v. Bronchique, Re- 
 sonance — V. Caverneuse, Pectoriloquy — v. Che- 
 •jrotante, Egophoay — v. Egophonique, Egophony 
 — V. de PoUchinelle, Egophony — v. Senile, Ego- 
 phony — v. Tnhaire, see Resonance. 
 
 VOLA, Palm— V. Manfis, Palm — v. Pedis, Sole. 
 
 VOLATIGA, Lichen. 
 
 VOLATILIZA'TION, VolatiUsa'tio, Volatisa'- 
 
 tio, from volare, 'to fly.' The operation of redu- 
 cing volatilizable substances into gas or vapour. 
 
 VOLATISATIO, Volatilization. 
 
 VOLIT"ION, Volif'io, from volo, 'to wilL' 
 The act of willing. Hence : 
 
 VOLIT"IONAL, relating to volition. Thus 
 the muscles may be moved by a volitional or by 
 an emotional impulse. 
 
 VOLNUS, Wound. 
 
 VOLSELLA, Aeanthobolos, Forceps, Madisto. 
 rium — V. Patini, Valet ct Patin. 
 
 VOLTAISM, Galvanism. 
 
 VOLTUS, Countenance, Face. 
 
 VOL'UNTARY, Hecu'sius, Volunta'rius, from 
 voluntas, 'will.' Relating to the will; as 'volun- 
 tary muscles ;' muscles which act in obedience to 
 the will. 
 
 VOLUNTAS, Volen'tia, Arhit'rium, Cu2nd'- 
 itas, Boule'sis, Bule'sis, Thele'ma, (F.) Volonte. 
 Will or desire. 
 
 Volun'tas seu Cupid'itas Desedenb'i, Luhi'- 
 do intesti'ni. The desire to go to stool. 
 
 VOLVULUS, Ileus — v. Intestinorum, Intua- 
 susceptio. 
 
 VOMENDI CONAMEN ESTANE, Vomituri- 
 tion. 
 
 VOMER, 'a ploughshare;' Os vo'meris, Ara'- 
 trum, Os maxill'm superio'ris undec"imum. One 
 of the bones of the face, so called from its resem- 
 blance. It is an azygous bone, forming the pos- 
 terior part of the septum narium. It is thin, flat, 
 and quadrilateral ; and is articulated, below, to 
 the superior maxillary and palatine bones; and 
 above, to the sphenoid, ethmoid, and cornets of 
 Bertin. It is developed by a single point of os- 
 sification. Also, the penis. 
 
 VOM'ICA, Pyocys'tis, from vomere, 'to vomit,' 
 'to cast up.' (F.) Vomiqve, Crachement de pus. 
 A term used by some authors for any encysted 
 collection of purulent matter in the interior of a 
 viscus. The acceptation is commonly, however, 
 restricted to purulent collections in the lungs, 
 encysted or not, which may be discharged by the 
 mouth, by breaking into the bronchial tubes. 
 Two kinds of vomicas are distinguished; the one 
 caused by the softening or breaking down of 
 pulmonary tubercles ; the other, of much more 
 rare occurrence, formed by a circumscribed abscess 
 of the lungs. Instead of opening into the bron- 
 chia, the abscess is sometimes discharged into the 
 cavity of the pleura, causing empyema. 
 
 VOMICINE, Brucia. 
 VOMIQUE, Vomica. 
 VOMIQUIER, Strychnos nux vomica. 
 VOMISSEMENT, Vomiting — v. de Sang, 
 Heematemesis. 
 
 VOMIT, Emetic — V. Black, Fever, yellow, 
 Melsena. 
 
 Vomit, Dry, of Marriott. A once celebrated 
 emetic, called ' dry,' from its having been given 
 without solution. It consisted of equal portions 
 of tartrate of antimony and potassa, and sulphate 
 of copper. 
 
 VOJIITIF, Emetic. 
 VOMITINE, Emetine. 
 
 VOM'ITING, Vom'itus, Vomit"io, Vomit"ium, 
 Vom'itum, Evomit"io, Ana' trope, Em'esis vomit" in, 
 Palmus vom'itus, yEgritu'do ventric'vli, Spicwing, 
 Puking, Sickness of the Stoinach, (F.) Vomisse- 
 ment, from vomere, 'to cast up.' The act by 
 which solids and liquids, contained in the sto- 
 mach, are ejected by the mouth. Vomiting is the 
 effect of some special irritation of the nerves of 
 the stomach, calling, bj' reflex action, on the np- 
 propriate muscles to expel the contents of the 
 viscus. It is not accomplished solely by the 
 contraction of tiie stomach, as was for a long 
 time believed. That organ, indeed, assists in the 
 
VOMITIO 
 
 911 
 
 YULVO-UTEEIXE 
 
 process ; but the main cause is the compression 
 exerted upon the parietes of the viscus by the 
 diaphragm and abdominal muscles. Vomiting is 
 a symptom common to numerous diseases. At 
 times, it is sympathetic, as in aifections of the 
 kidney, uterus, brain, &c. At others, it is symp- 
 tomatic, as in gastritis, peritonitis, &c. AVhen 
 very troublesome, it may often be palliated by 
 effervescent draughts, aromatics, sinapisms, or 
 blisters to the epigastric region, &c. 
 
 Vomiting at Pleasitee, Regurgitation — v. 
 of Blood, Hsematemesis — v. Stercoraceous, Co- 
 premesis. 
 
 VOMITIO, Vomiting — v. Sanguinis, Hasmate- 
 mesis. 
 
 VOMITIUM, Vomiting. 
 
 VOMITO NEGRO, Fever, yellow — v. Prieto, 
 Fever, yellow. 
 
 VOMITORIUM, Emetic. 
 
 VOMITORY, Emetic. 
 
 VOMITUM, Vomiting. 
 
 VOMIT URIT^'ION, Vomituri'tio, Emes'{a,By- 
 semes'ia, Subver'sio etom'achi. Same etymon as 
 Vomiting. Ineffectual efforts to vomit ; Vomen'di 
 cona'meu ina'ne, Retching, Reaching, Heav'ing. 
 Some authors mean, by this term, a vomiting of 
 but little matter, or that which is effected almost 
 without effort. The first acceptation is the most 
 general. 
 
 VOMITUS, Vomiting — v. Cruentus, Hama- 
 temesis — v. Fasculentus, Copremesis — v. Marinus, 
 Nausea marina — v. Navigantium, Nausea marina 
 — V. Niger, Fever, yellow — v. Pituitosus, Blenne- 
 mesis — v. Profusus, Hyperemesis — v. Purulentus, 
 Pyemesis — v. Sanguinis, Hsematemesis — v. Ster- 
 coris, Copremesis. 
 
 VOORARA, Curare. 
 
 VOUACAPUA AMERICANA, Geoffraea in- 
 ermis. 
 
 VOOTE, Vault— v. Medullaire, Corpus eal- 
 losum — V. d Trois Piliers, Fornix. 
 
 VOWEL, Voca'lis, from Latin vox, 'the voice,' 
 and voco, 'to call.' (F.) VoyeUe. Physiologi- 
 cally, a continuous breath or sound, produced in 
 the glottis ; but more or less modified by the form 
 of the vocal tube, through which it has to pass. 
 In the English language, a, e, i, o, u, ic, and y 
 are vowels. 
 
 VOX, Voice — V. Cholerica, Voice, choleric — 
 V. Clangosa, Oxyphonia — v. Convulsiva, Voix 
 Convulsive — v. Nasalis, Rhinophonia — v. Rauca, 
 Raucedo, Raucous voice — v. Raucisona, Raucous 
 voice. 
 
 rO YELLE, Vowel. 
 
 VUE, Vision — 17. Courte, Myopia — v, Diurne, 
 Hemeralopia — v. Faihle, Ambl3'opia — v. Longue, 
 Presbytia — v. Louche, Strabismus — v. Nocturne, 
 Nyctalopia. 
 
 VULGA, Vulva. 
 
 VULNERAIRE, Vulnerary — ■». Suisse, see 
 Falltranck. 
 
 VULNERARIUS, Traumatic. 
 VUL'NERAPi,Y, Vulnera'rius, Trmimat'icus, 
 Traumatic, {rovo. vulnus, vulneris, 'a wound.' (F.) 
 Vulniraire, A name applied by the ancients to 
 
 medicines, which they considered capable of fa- 
 vouring the consolidation of wounds. The pro- 
 perty has been ascribed to various plants. 
 
 VULNERATIO NERVI, Neurotrosis. 
 
 VULNUS, AVound — v. Laceratum, see Lace- 
 ration — V. Sclopetarium, Wound, gun-shot — T. 
 Simplex, Cut. 
 
 VULNUSCULUM, Wound. 
 
 VULPIS MORBUS, Alopecia. 
 
 VULTUEUX (¥.), Vidtuo'sHs. Corvisart has 
 used the expression, Face vultneuse, Fa'cies viil- 
 tno'sa, for the face, when it is more florid and 
 swollen than in the natural state. This appear- 
 ance, which is observed in active aneurism of the 
 heart, according to Corvisart, is owing to the aiflux 
 of blood into the arterial capillaries, and hence 
 differs from the livid and swollen appearance 
 caused by the accumulation of blood in the venous 
 capillaries, constituting the Face injectee. 
 
 VULTUS, Countenance, Face — v. Tetricus et 
 Moestus, Scythropasmus. 
 
 VULVA, Uterus, see Vulva. 
 
 Vulva, from valva, 'a door.' Horfus, Cunnus, 
 Puden'diim mulle'bre, Simis pudo'ris, Choiros, 
 Arvum, Bucca, Bulga, Cadur'cns, Ciistos, Femen, 
 An'nulus, Femur sximmum, Follic'ulus, Fundus, 
 Gre'mium, Hia'tus, Lanu'vium, Navis, Oppid'u- 
 lum, SpecHS, Vulga, Cymba, Saltus, Clitor'imn, 
 Os'tium, Sulcus, Ampihicaus' lis. Concha, Parens, 
 Porta, Interfemineum, Blulie'bria, Fossa magna 
 mulie'bris, Episei'on, Es'chara, Hor'tulus cupid'- 
 inis, Bouba'lios, Byssos, Cava, Gaver'na, Ddphys, 
 Delta, Fovea, Oynmce'um, the Female p)nden'dum, 
 the Female organs of generation, the Female jyarta, 
 Loci mulie'bres, (F.) Vulve. A longitudinal open- 
 ing between the projecting parts of the external 
 organs of generation in the female, extending from 
 the mons veneris to the perineum, and which ia 
 called, also, Fossa magna. Some anatomists mean, 
 by this term, the whole of the external genital 
 organs of the female : — mons veneris ; labia ma- 
 jora, and the cleft or vestibule separating them ; 
 the clitoris; nymphas ; meatus urinarius; en- 
 trance of the vagina; with the hymen or the 
 carunculse myrtiformes, fossa navicularis and 
 fourchette. 
 
 Vulva, Fora'men commu'ne anfe'ritts, Iter ad 
 infundib'ulum. Iter sen Ad'itus ad ter'tium ven- 
 trie'ulum, Rima ad infundib'ulum, Apertu'ra an- 
 te'rior ventric'uli ter'tii cerebri. An opening 
 situate at the junction of the optic thalami, in 
 the third ventricle of the brain, and immediately 
 beneath the anterior crus of the fornix. 
 VUL VAIRE, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 VULVAR, Vulva'ris, from vulva. That whicli 
 relates to the vulva. Chaussier gives this name 
 to the external pudic arteries, because they as& 
 distributed to the vulva. 
 VULVARIA, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 rUL VE, Vulva. 
 
 VULVI'TIS, a hybrid word, from vulvcf, and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 vulva. 
 VULVO-UTERINE CANAL, Vagina. 
 
WAD 
 
 912 
 
 WATER 
 
 w. 
 
 WAD, Graphiteg. 
 
 "WAHOO, see Euonymu?. 
 
 WAISTCOAT, STRAIT, Indu'citla, (F.) Ca- 
 misole, Gilet deforce. A dress, used for restrain- 
 ing maniacs, or those labouring under violent 
 delirium. It has long sleeves, which are tied 
 behind the body, so that the arms cannot be ex- 
 tricated from them. It ought, of course, to be 
 made of very resisting materials. 
 
 WAKE-ROBIN, Arum maculatum, Trillium 
 latifolium. 
 
 WALE, Wheal. 
 
 WALKING, Gressus, Inces'sua, Beamhula'tio, 
 Ariilula'tio, Bad'isis, (F.) La marche. The action 
 by which we change place, by means of a succes- 
 sion of steps in the same direction. In walking 
 forwards, the centre of gravity is constantly al- 
 tered ; and a series of small, parabolic curves is 
 described on the heads of the thigh-bones, the 
 extent of which is regulated by volition, under 
 the guidance of vision. 
 
 WALLA' CHIA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 There are many excellent sulphureous springs in 
 this country, especially those at Bobotsch, Fin- 
 ceschti, Sibitchiudi Suz, Brasa, Otschin, Serbo- 
 Deschte, Kimpalungi, Kosia, and Oloneschti. 
 Chalybeate and saline springs have, also, been 
 found at Sibitschiudi Suz. — Siller. 
 
 AVALLFLOWER, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 
 WALLE,I]E, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 WALNUT, Juglans regia — w. White, Juglans 
 cinerea. 
 
 WALTON, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 mineral spring near Tewkesbury, in Gloucester- 
 chire, England. It is an acidulous chalybeate. 
 
 WANT, from past participle of Sax. tanian, 
 ' to wane,' ' to fall away.' ' Need of that which is 
 necessary.' (F.) Besoin. This word is sometimes 
 used to express the imperious necessity which 
 compels us to take food, drink, &c. (See Hunger 
 and Thirst.) In a more general sense, it means 
 the impressions transmitted by the organs to the 
 brain, when it is necessary that they should act: 
 these wants are called instinctive desires and in- 
 ternal sensations or stimidi. Such are the desires 
 or wants to eat, drink, void the urine, breathe 
 {hesoin de respirer), &c. 
 
 Want, in the sense of indigence, (L.) Egestas, 
 Indirjen'tia, is the cause of a number of diseases. 
 
 WARBURG'S FEVER-DROPS, see Bebeeru. 
 
 WARD'S ESSENCE FOR THE HEADACH, 
 Linimentum camphorte compositum — w. White 
 Drops, see Hydrargyri nitras. 
 
 WARMBRUNN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Much frequented springs in Silesia, about a league 
 from Hirschberg. They are thermal, 95° to 100° 
 Fah., and are chiefly used as baths. The impreg- 
 nating materials are carbonate of soda, sulphate 
 of soda, sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, car- 
 bonate of magnesia, and sulphohydric acid gas. 
 
 WAPiM SPRINGS, see Virginia, mineral wa- 
 ters of. 
 
 WARNERA CANADENSIS, Hydrastis Cana- 
 densis. 
 
 WAPbT, Verruca — w. Corneous, Cornu. 
 WAri,TY, Ver'i-ucose, Ver'rucous, Ve.rrnco'sns, 
 from Sax. peapt;. Full of warts. Resembling, 
 feinting, or belonging to wants. 
 
 Warty Tumour of Cicatrices. A name 
 given by Mr. Howship to the tumour, which 
 
 sometimes appears on an old scar, many years, 
 perhaps, after the injury that caused it. 
 
 WASH, BLACK, see Hydrargyri submurias — 
 w. Preventive, Lotion, Hannay's — w. White, Li- 
 quor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 WASHERWOMAN'S SCALL, Psoriasis 
 diffusjf. 
 
 WASP, Tespa, SpJiex, (F.) Gitepe. A genus 
 of gregarious insects, like the bee and the ant. 
 They are armed with a sting, which pours a poi- 
 sonous fluid into the puncture made by it. (See . 
 Poisons, Table of.) The best application is the 
 sp. ammonise aromaticus, or some preparation of 
 ammonia. 
 
 WASSERBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Wasserburg is a town of Bavaria, seated on the 
 Inn, 28 miles east of Miinich. The water, called, 
 also. Aqua Aga'tii, contains carbonic acid ; car- 
 bonates of lime and magnesia; sulphates of lime 
 and magnesia ; chloride of sodium, carbonate of 
 soda and oxide of iron. 
 
 WA SSERKUR, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 WATER, Sax.paetep,(G.) Wasser,J9'!(a,^2/- 
 dor, 'viij>p, Alma, (F.) Eau, Profox'ide of hydrogen. 
 Water was at one time regarded as a simple ele- 
 ment. It is now known to consist of eight parts 
 by weight of oxygen, and one of hydrogen. It 
 freezes at 32°, and boils at 212° of Fahrenheit; 
 and is taken as the unit in all tables of specific 
 gravity of solid and liquid substances. Water, 
 as we meet with it, is very different in its state 
 of purity; generally, it contains small quantities 
 of saline matter; at other times, as in sea-water 
 and mineral waters, it is largely impregnated. 
 The characters of water, as met with under ordi- 
 nary circumstances, are well compared by Celsug, 
 "Aqua levissima jjluvialis est / deinde fontana / 
 turn ex flumine ; turn ex 2}iiteo/ post hac ex nive, 
 aut glacie; gravior his ex lacu / graviesima ex 
 palude." Pure water is one of the best diluents 
 that can be used. When cold, and especially 
 when iced, it is one of the most useful refrige- 
 rants ; and, in the form of the cold, tepid, anj 
 warm bath, it is serviceable in numerous diseases. 
 
 Water of Aix-la-Chapelle, see Aix-la-Cha- 
 pelle — w. Allflower, Urine, cows' — w. Apple, 
 Apple-tea — w. Barley, Decoctum hordei. 
 
 Water Bed. A bed, contrived by Dr. Arnott, 
 which, in consequence of its being placed on 
 water, is well adapted for the bedridden. 
 
 Water, Binelli, Aqua Binellii — w. of Bitter 
 Almonds, Aqua Amygdalarum concentrata — w. 
 Brash, Pyrosis — w. Brocchieri, Aqua Brocchierii 
 — w. Camphor, Mistura Camphorae. 
 
 Water Canker, Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 Water, Carui, Strong, Spiritus carui — w. 
 Chicken, Chicken-tea — w. Cinnamon, Aqua cin- 
 naraomi — w. Cinnamon, strong, Spiritus cinno/- 
 monii — w. Cologne, Euu de Cologne. 
 
 Water Cure, H3-drosudotherapeia. 
 
 Water, Distil'led, Acpta destilla'ta, (F.) Eau 
 distillee, Holy tcater, is generally ordered in ex- 
 temporaneous prescriptions, but is rarely used. 
 In some cases, however, it is absolutelj' neces- 
 sary; as water, containing any saline impregna,- 
 tion — hard water, for example — decomposes cer- 
 tain substances. Distilled water has been recom- 
 mended as a diet-drink in cancerous affections; 
 and it is used in the religious ceremonies of the 
 Catholic church. In the Pharmacopoeia of tho 
 United States, it is directed to be made as fol- 
 lows : — Take of water, ten gallons. First distil 
 
WATER 
 
 913 
 
 WATER 
 
 two pints, and throw them away; then distil 
 eight gallons. Keep the distilled water in glass 
 bottles. 
 
 "Water-doctor, see Uromantia. 
 
 Water-dressing. Thb treatment of -wounds 
 and ulcers by the application of water. It gene- 
 rally consists in dipping folds of lint in water, 
 and placing them on the part: — the whole being 
 covered with oiled silk or elastic gum. 
 
 Water, Epileptic, of Langius, Langii aqua 
 epileptica — w. Eennel, Aqua foeniculi. 
 
 Water Flag, Yellow, Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 Water,Florida, — a celebrated perfume, — may 
 be made of 01. Bergami f^iv; Tiiict. benzoin, e. 
 f^ij ; Alcohol, cong. 
 
 AYater, Goulard, Liquor plumbi sub-acetatis 
 dilutus. 
 
 Water, Hard. Common water, which de- 
 composes and curdles soap ; in contradistinction 
 to soft tcater, which is readily miscible with soap. 
 The hardness of water depends upon the pre- 
 sence in it of earthy salts, the most common of 
 which is sulphate of lime. 
 
 Water, Holt, Water, distilled — w. Honey, 
 see Mel — w. in the Head, Hj'drocephalus — w. 
 Hungary, Spiritus rosmarini. 
 
 Water Jags, see Varicella. 
 
 Water, Lake, Aqua ex lacii, (F.) Eau de lac, 
 is apt to be impure, from decayed animal and 
 vegetable matters. A great deal will, however, 
 depend upon the magnitude of the collection, 
 and the degree of stagnation. 
 
 Water, Laurel, see Prunus lauro-cerasus — 
 w. Lavender, Spiritus lavandulte — w. Lemon- 
 peel, see Lemonpeel Tea — w. Lime, Liquor eal- 
 eis — w. Lime, compound, Liquor calcis compo- 
 situs — w. Magnesia, aerated, Magnesia, fluid — 
 w. Magnesia, carbonated. Magnesia, fluid. 
 
 Water, Marsh, Aqua paludo'sa, (F.) Eau de 
 Marais, is the most impure of all. It is generally 
 more stagnant, and of course more loaded with 
 decomposing animal and vegetable matters. 
 
 Water, Mixeral, Aqua minera'lis, A. salu'- 
 bris, A. medica'ta, Eons saluta' rius, E. medica'- 
 tiis, E. sote'rius, Aqua sote'ria, (F.) Eau minerale. 
 Water, holding in solution different saline and 
 gazeous substances in suflBoient quantity to be 
 possessed of medicinal properties, or of a temper- 
 ature different from that of the ordinary springs 
 of the country. 
 
 Mineral waters may be divided into four classes : 
 — 1. Gazeous or Acidulous. 2. Chalybeate. 3. 
 Saline. 4. Sulphureous. These may be thermal, 
 or cold, — natural, or artificial. Many of these 
 divisions, however, run into each other ; some of 
 the substances, which they hold dissolved, be- 
 longing to one class as well as to another. 
 
 1. Ga'zeous, Acid'idous or Car'bonated Min'- 
 eral Waters, Aqua minera'les aeid'ulce, (F.) 
 Eanx minerales gazeuses ou acidules. The wa- 
 ters referred to this class are those that contain 
 carbonic acid gas in such quantity as to commu- 
 nicate to it certain sensible qualities. Waters 
 impregnated with free carbonic acid, sparkle when 
 drawn from the spring, or when poured into a 
 glass. They have a sharp, acidulous taste ; but 
 become vapid from exposure to the air. Along 
 with the carbonic acid, there are generally pre- 
 sent portions of saline, earthy or metallic mat- 
 ter, chiefly carbonates of lime, magnesia, and 
 iron. Waters, highly impregnated with carbonic 
 acid gas, are grateful to the stomach ; increase 
 tht> appetite, and are diuretic; hence, their utility 
 in dyspepsia, hypochondriasis, and gout. Their 
 properties are, of course, modified by the saline 
 
 58 
 
 matter that maybe also contained in them. The 
 most celebrated amongst the aciduloas waters 
 are those of Bar, Chateldon, St. Myon, Mont 
 d'Or, Langeac, Seltzer, Schlangenbad, Sultzmatt, 
 Pyrmont, Spa, Carlsbad, Cheltenham, Scarbo- 
 rough, Saratoga, Ballston, and the Sweet Springs 
 of Virginia. 
 
 2. Chalyb'eate OT Eerru'ginoxis 3Iinera\ Waters, 
 AqucB minera'les ferrugino'sm, A. Chalyhta'tcB, A. 
 Martia'les, (F.) Eaux minerales ferrugineuses, 
 contain iron — sulphate, chloride or carbonate, 
 generally the latter — held in solution by an ex- 
 cess of acid. Chalybeate waters have a peculiar 
 styptic taste. They are transparent when taken 
 from the spring; but, when exposed for some 
 time to the air, a pellicle forms on the surface, 
 and a deposite of the iron takes place. Chalybeate 
 waters are used as tonics in debility of all kinds; 
 in all cases, in fact, where iron is considered to 
 be indicated. They are the most numerous of 
 all the classes of mineral waters. In this 
 dictionary, those only are specified which have 
 some celebrity ; yet there are upwards of ninety : 
 whilst there are more than sixty of the saline, 
 and upwards of thirty-five of the sulphureous. 
 The most celebrated chalybeates are those of 
 Tunbridge, Scarborough, Spa, Bussang, Forges, 
 Vichy, Pyrmont, Passy, Provins, and Vals. 
 
 3. Saline Ilineral Waters, AqncB minerales sa- 
 li'ncB, Amna alcaliza'ta (Paracelsus,) Ilydralmcp, 
 (F.) Eaux minerales salines. Waters, holding in 
 solution different saline substances in greater 
 quantity than the acidulous waters. They differ 
 in properties, according to the salts contained in 
 them. The salts usually present are sulphates, 
 chlorides, and carbonates ; and the bases, with 
 which the acids forming these are combined, are 
 soda, magnesia, and lime. Saline mineral waters 
 are usually aperient; and the most noted are 
 those of Seltzer, Sedlitz, Balaruc, Bourbonne-les- 
 Bains, Baden, Epsom, Cheltenham, &c. 
 
 To this class may also be added Sea icater. 
 
 4. Sulphu'reous Mineral Waters, Aqua mine- 
 rales sulphu'recs ; when warm, termed Theio- 
 thermcB, Theiopega, Theother'mcB, Fontes sulphu'- 
 rei eal'idi, (F.) Eaux minerales sul/ureuses, Eaux 
 eulfurees, E. sulfureuses, E. hepatiques, &c. These 
 waters owe their distinguishing character to an 
 impregnation of sulphuretted hj'drogen, and are 
 at once recognized by their peculiar fetid smell, 
 resembling that of rotten eggs. They usually 
 contain saline substances, which modify their 
 powers. From the action of the sulphuretted hy- 
 drogen, they are useful in cutaneous affections ; 
 and, from the combined action of this and the 
 saline matter, they are valuable agents in dis- 
 eases of the digestive organs. They are also 
 employed in cutaneous eruptions ; and the warm 
 sulphur baths have been especially celebrated in 
 such cases, as well as in rheumatic affections. 
 The most renowned sulphureous waters are those 
 of Bareges, Bagneres-de-Luehon, Cauterets, Bon- 
 nes, Aix in Savoy, Aix-la-Chapelle, Enghien, 
 Harrogate, Moffat, Virginia Springs, <tc. 
 
 Some springs, as those of Bath, Buxton, Dax, 
 Matlock, Warm and Hot Springs of Virginia, 
 &c., are almost pure Thermal Mineral Waters. 
 They are valuable agents in rheumatic affec- 
 tions; the warmth being equable during the 
 whole period the individual is immersed in them ; 
 which cannot be the case in the artificial thermal 
 bath. 
 
 The following Table by Dr. Pereira exhibits 
 the composition of some of the principal mineral 
 waters. 
 
WATER, MIA'ERAL 
 
 914 
 
 WATER, MINERAL 
 
 w.s 
 
 <U CO 
 
 _c ^ 
 
 ~ CO 
 
 ^' II 
 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 
 
 N 
 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 a o 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 S^ 
 
 
 P5 
 
 
 
 c3 a 
 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 o. rt 
 
 
 P^ 
 
 
 
 E a 
 
 
 i-q 
 
 
 
 o 2 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 ...o 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 t-JS 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 :^-^ 
 
 
 P3 
 
 
 
 o§ 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 ^ ID 
 
 «-'3 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 ^ M 
 
 TA? 
 
 
 
 
 3 o 
 
 EH 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 ^11 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 O 
 
 CO 
 
 
 .P 
 
 O 
 «2 
 
 ;2i 
 
 o 
 
 
 1— 1 
 
 i— 1 
 
 ?2 
 
 Oh 
 
 Q3 cd 
 ^< bo 
 
 CO 
 
 !2; 
 
 O 
 
 
 O 
 g 
 
 o.S 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 <! 
 
 ^ 
 
 C 4> 
 
 o 
 
 M 
 
 Ph 
 
 n 
 
 a ., 
 
 ft 
 
 EH 
 M 
 W2 
 
 1^ 
 
 o 
 
 g2 
 
 ID a 
 
 H 
 
 O 
 
 M 
 
 
 S tiD 
 
 M 
 
 Ph 
 
 ^ 
 
 o 
 
 £S 
 
 ►-I 
 
 S 
 
 
 o 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 o 
 
 
 CM 
 
 §11 
 
 o'E. 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 £-• a> 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 .22- 
 
 
 125 
 
 
 
 -a .. 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 cS 
 
 
 c5 
 
 
 
 -o n 
 
 
 Iz; 
 
 
 
 e W) 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 ca CO 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 
 s "^ 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 O CO 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 S II 
 
 
 ^ 
 fn 
 
 
 
 boS 
 
 13 (3 
 
 7= 
 
 u bo 
 
 'A 
 
 §S 
 
 to t3 
 
 nous a 
 
 azote ; 
 rganic 
 
 !§ 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 s 
 
 .2 ca 
 
 
 03 
 
 
 
 
 
 "3 
 
 te of ferrugi 
 f soda 2.79 
 Restituta. 
 acid 18.9 ; 
 na 0.56; o 
 
 ©"ca 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 cu 
 :-■ 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 d 12.99. 
 d6.0. 
 potash; 
 c arson. 
 
 t» ca 
 
 
 ca 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 0'42 
 
 
 
 
 r/; 
 
 
 
 <3 ca'S .^ 
 
 ea o C o S 
 
 0) o 
 
 
 a 
 
 m 
 
 
 00 
 CD 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 c 
 
 ca CO ^ <?* 
 
 on in 
 sub- 
 on a 
 •ee c 
 0.83 
 2 37 
 
 1^ 
 .- ca 
 
 3 
 bf) 
 
 E 
 
 3 
 
 ca 
 
 a 
 ho 
 
 ca 
 
 B 
 
 3 
 
 E 
 
 3 
 
 ■ee c 
 ree c 
 losp 
 zote 
 
 ^ >i^l^ 
 
 S 
 
 
 <p;s 
 
 < 
 
 <it;[^PH<! 
 
 
 CO i-H 
 
 (U u^ .s 
 
 5; S :i: -:, u 
 
 2 — 
 5 Q 
 
 m 
 
 > '^ 13 r3 "H o -^ o 
 ) tsrj Ci pmn. p pq cq 
 
 03 ea 
 
 MM 
 
 C5 l^ O O O CO c< 
 
 II)Tj>COi— lTJ"_•-^^-- -^ 
 
 SodN>rirtcooodo 
 
 ^ l-H 
 
 a> en 
 
 ■-I CO 
 CO rt 
 
 ©ddoddodooodo 
 
 txi.S 
 
 rtO.-li-HOOOOOOOOO 
 
 i-i (M o N o in o o "-I o o o o ■-I 
 
 Ot^t^COO-^-rCC-JCOI^C-IWC^ 
 
 C-. -s;00CTit^i^t^'-i^^-S"O— I 
 CO -#■ ^' o CQ TjH M CO c<i — i N w d 
 
 s« 
 
 eooNinocQr-iOrtrtOOo 
 
 r^mcr>— i"^-H .-im g '-o 
 coiot^oi>cooq J^w -^cD 
 di-Id^odddodNodd 
 
 O 'S* '-1 
 
 »-;oqco COCX3 o cDinooi^ 
 lo irj d o N ci o CO o '-< CO r-J d 
 
 rH rt oj 
 
 .^ Q 12; 
 
 . . . ..^ . . . .T3 -.s-a 
 
 (D " 3 • C: CD '■O q; "O C: 3 r; C2 
 
 o •eartcaocoEcaca — ca 
 5 - CO j3 bjo 5 — 5 — fcc V) ^ ;o 
 
 m 
 
 bOi, 
 
 E^ = 
 
 .H E.5 « 
 
 <n E- 
 g SO _ 
 bD:^^-^ 
 
 to ' — 'K "^ 
 
 - ii p — £." N a 
 ^ ^ 3 2 5-^2 
 
 >, .-3 O X -7: £^ 1^ 
 
 -n >^'; 
 
 Qi D 
 
 rt -^ S. ™ *J-^C' — ' ca., ^ ^^ ..^L, ■-. ti^ 3 
 
WATER, MINERAL 
 
 915 
 
 WATER, MINERAL 
 
 •r CO <o 
 
 feo c 
 
 -So g 
 
 TO (— «^ o 
 
 c 5 "^ s- 
 
 in — c a> 
 
 t^ M 3 s 
 
 u 
 
 n 
 
 CO • -r; c^ ^ t^ 
 _2 m 
 
 a 00 ~ 
 
 ^ t/3 ^ r' 
 O o ■ - =5 O 
 
 CO —I 
 
 ID -* 
 
 >o CO 
 
 O ^ 00 Xh GO 
 
 I" S !^ 00 t^ 
 00 ^ 00 ^ 00 
 
 H CC H M &-• ^ 
 
 •Hi 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 -OTS 
 
 R 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 to 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 L.) 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 J2 
 
 a> 
 
 o. a. 
 
 P^ E-^PhI^h 
 
 -ri . n; n 
 
 o ti] « 
 
 
 CO . 
 
 • -= j3 -e 
 
 Ooo ..2 |-S^ g 
 
 :2o s c Ss:h c 
 
 o-iioSDD-oc: 
 i to.S --p c a ;: 
 
 , O .' C3 "o O '^'■ 
 
 i g S--^'e g-S o5 ^^. 
 
 Pi Oh CC ■< fli OhDh ( 
 
 ... 00 
 
 ■^ . . ,-1 
 
 r-1 • 00 . - 
 
 00 . OO G3 
 
 .-I . l^ sH 
 
 - I, " o 
 
 >.aj > 'a 
 
 ill's S S 
 
 S CO -2 
 
 
 Pi c 
 
 CO 
 
 00 C5 
 
 ^-S o 
 
 <" =! S o 2 = .2 
 
 M Se3P4 E-i S « 
 
 ^-- ^ s s 
 
 3 O ^ >^ O 
 ^ c/3 *- a; _rj 
 
 55 • CO 
 
 ^ tn^ ^ CO S 
 
 s g J g a c 
 
 m O o g o ^ 
 
 CO -a. 2 J.-a CO 
 
 t4 E-'P30E-' 14 
 
 O <u cS .- 
 
 S S §15 
 
 O^ ■* •* tC CO (N '-' 
 
 ■<# o 00 cn CO o 
 
 03 O C^ CO O 00 
 
 f^ -* M d O I~^ 
 
 CO CO CO CO CO CM 
 
 CO 
 
 uo inrti-rfcn 00 m >-i i— i-— i 
 
 <3^ in 
 o o o o o d d 
 
 ooo o 
 
 o o o o o o o 
 
 OOOO CO o o oo 
 
 d in 
 
 d t~^ 
 
 ■^3,2 
 
 O O W CO O O i~- 
 <BOO -H CJO"— I CO 
 
 ^pTj; d odd d 
 
 d o d d o o o 
 
 CO en j^ o o 00 -* 
 
 .-I -* «5 cri o CO o 
 
 odocQ d j> d do 
 
 j--.ooin inc^^cQc>* 
 
 coio M«5 CO oootNCi (Nco^_q cnr-^qqq 
 
 ^rtdr-iod --H od^ o o '-< o^i-idd >-< "-i d^c4o r-i o o oo 
 
 c<i ■^— ic^' "-I CO r-i r-HT-ii-iTfO in 
 
 o cot£)ino »n "^ ^ CTico 
 M coT}<inco in r^ >-; coq 
 ci M ^ ^ N rt d d do 
 
 in in o -e*" r- o 
 
 00 O CO CO ^ r-; 
 
 00 m" CO 00 CJ3 
 
 CO .-H CO « N 
 
 o o ^ococQin o 
 in o tnocDt^t^ w 
 00 vd iriuDindcQ >— i 
 
 00 <oiri-^o o o o 
 
 .-H in 
 d d 
 
 to r- O ■'S'C^CNCMCO o 
 
 oo r~- 00 ■— I in (m co 
 oo rt r-H CO o --^ CO 
 rt cj d "-(CO d d 
 
 o o m in CO 00 
 
 ^ _ _ cocno 
 
 cooofMOCMin o (NN^ 
 
 d d •^ —' CO GO 
 
 rt O "* M 
 
 C} O CO 00 O 
 
 o o 00 (M r^ o CO 
 un CO -^ — ; o oo_ 00 
 
 (N -^ d d o (N ci 
 
 00 Nt^— <«0 (N "-I CO r#-.^ 
 
 t— 1 coooot-; •-< in ■— ; •-•_ ^ 
 d (ji d d « d d d dd 
 
 d ^ (N iri '-^ CO o •* 
 
 q CD 
 
 O CD CO O CO CD 
 
 CO 00 c c-> 
 CD C-3 C* CO 
 
 d d 
 
 • T3T3-a-a .S 
 
 ■ C C C C c 
 CO CO CO cc! »-• 
 
 t3 . CO 
 
 5 s^'s 
 
 
 ri ^ .tr c .— ^-s c ri c o ti u. 
 
 C3-— icOCO • "CO _< 
 
 'SOS t: w o 
 
 3 C d . = 
 
 CO CO CO ■ CO 
 
 fl .2 'O • 
 
 S c = ' 
 
 .3 '^ CO • 
 
 ti ou-o^o™-^ oco-i s o^PiH'co-.t:i< o CO Sco.tigcs <a o c^ 
 
 M 
 
 >Ph 02 
 
 "ral-S ^ CD 
 
 -^Ci CD gj5 fe 
 
 g £tS S 3 M ^ 
 
 2 CO ^ cO"j5|C ^ 
 
 c > CD ==ri c 
 
 o a> j3 CD 
 CD ^ o -a 
 
 •H .CD m 
 
 5 ^ 
 
 H^HlKOKhS S Q>PQ Pm P^ (^ HccPihM 
 
 
 ■S O. 2 CO — . C g 
 
 bD 
 
 CO ^ S 
 
 .2 ■5|:2<£^§ : :§ 5S 
 ^ 2-s| S3 gig. S §3 
 
WATER 
 
 916 
 
 WEIGHTS 
 
 Water, Mineral, Acidulous water, simple. 
 
 Waters, Mineral, Artificial, (F.) Eaux 
 minerales artificielles on factices. These are imi- 
 tations of the natural ; and some of them — as 
 the factitious Cheltenham water, and Sedlitz wa- 
 ter — answer the purpose of the natural water 
 tolerably well. The acidulous and chalybeate 
 waters are, however, most easily imitated. 
 
 Water, Nutmeg, Spiritus myristicae — w. Pars- 
 nep, creeping, Sium — ^^w. Pennyroyal, spirituous, 
 Si>iritus pulegii — w. Peppermint, Aqua menthte 
 piperitae. 
 
 Water Pox, see Varicella. 
 
 Water, Protoxide of Nitrogen, Aqua nitro- 
 genii protoxydi. 
 
 Water Qualm, Pyrosis. 
 
 Water, Rain, Aqua ^^iuvia'lis, A. plu'via, A. 
 Jm'brium, (F.) Eau de pluie, when collected at a 
 distance from houses or other elevated objects, is 
 the purest natural water, and has the least spe- 
 cific gravity. The only bodies which it usually 
 holds in solution, are carbonic acid, and minute 
 traces of carbonate of lime and chloride of calcium. 
 
 Water, Rice, see Oryza. 
 
 Water, River, Aqua fluviat'ilis, is derived 
 from the conflux of numerous springs and rain 
 water. It is, generally, pretty pure. 
 
 Water, Rose, Aqua rosse. 
 
 Water, Sea, Aqua Mari'na, Humor Dor'idis, 
 (F.) Eau de Mer. This contains chlorides of 
 sodium, magnesium and calcium, and sulphate 
 of magnesia. It is cathartic, and forms the 
 usual glyster at sea. It makes an excellent tonic 
 bath ; superior in most cases — especially in scro- 
 fula — to the fresh water-bath. 
 
 Water, Searle's Patent Oxtgenotjs Aer- 
 ated, Aqua Nitrogenii protoxydi — w. Seyds- 
 chutz, Sedlitz water. 
 
 Water Shield, Brasenia hydropeltis. 
 
 Water, Snow, Aqua niva'ta, (F.) Eau de 
 veige, has usually been deemed unwholesome. 
 It exactly resembles rain water in composition, 
 and is equally salubrious. 
 
 Water, Soda, Acidulous water, simple — w. 
 Soft, see Water, hard — w. Spearmint, Aqua 
 menthse viridis. 
 
 AVater, Spring, Aqua fonta'na, Hydrope'ge, 
 (F.) Eau de fontaine, contains, in addition to the 
 substances detected in rain water, more or less 
 sulphate of lime. When this is to such an ex- 
 tent as to curdle soap, the water is said to be 
 hard ; if not, soft. Hard water is, of course, 
 inferior to soft, for domestic and medicinal pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Water, Styptic, Sydenham's solutio sulphatis 
 cupri composita — w. Tar, see Pinus sylvestris — 
 w. Toast, see Toast-water. 
 
 Water, Well, Aqtia putea'lis seu Putea'na, 
 A. ex pu'teo, (F.) Eau de puit, Eau de source, is 
 the same as spring water, but liable to impregna- 
 tion, owing to the land springs filtering into the 
 wells, and conveying impurities into them. 
 
 Waters, Discharged or Broken, Profusio 
 aquse — w. Distilled, Aquae destillatse — w. First, 
 Primitiae. 
 
 WATTWEILER, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Wattweiler is a small town in the department of 
 llaut-Rhin, at the foot of the Vosges. The wa- 
 ters are acidulous chalybeates, and contain car- 
 bonates of iron, lime, and soda ; chloride of 
 sodium, and free carbonic acid. 
 WAX, Cera — w. Ear, Cerumen. 
 WAX, MYRTLE. A wax obtained from the 
 fruit of Myri'ca cerif'era. It has been prescribed 
 in dysentery. 
 
 Wax Yellow and Wjiite, Cera flava et alba. 
 
 WAXING KERNELS, Crescen'tiw, (F.) Grois- 
 
 aauces, Croissants, Glandea de croissance, A po- 
 
 pular term for small tumours, formed by an en- 
 largement of the lymphatic glands — in the groins 
 of children particularly. They have been looked 
 upon as connected with the growth of the body, 
 
 — hence their name. 
 
 WAY, Saxon waeg. Via, Passage, Odos, (F.) 
 Voie. A name given to different canals. 
 
 WAYS, DIGESTIVE, Digestive Pas' sages, 
 PrimcB Vice, {V.)Voies digestives, Premieres voies, 
 are the series of hollow organs of digestion, com- 
 posed of mouth, oesophagus, stomach, and small 
 and large intestines. The term is often restricted 
 to the first three of these. 
 
 Ways, Second, Second Passages, Secwn'dm 
 vicB, (F.) Secondes voies, comprise the chyliferous, 
 lymphatic and blood vessels. 
 
 WEAKSIGHTEDNESS, Asthenopia. 
 
 WEAL, Wheal. 
 
 WEANING, from Saxon Penan, 'to wean;' 
 Ahlacta'tio, Apogalactis'mus, (F.) Sevrage. The 
 act of depriving the infant, permanently, of the 
 breast, in order to feed it on other and more 
 solid nourishment. 
 
 Weaning Brash, see Brash, weaning. 
 
 WEATHERCOCKS, Impatiens. 
 
 WEB, MUSCULAR, Panniculus carnosus. 
 
 WEB-EYE, Caligo. 
 
 WEDGED, (D.) wegghe, Inchi'svs, Inla'- 
 rens, (F.) Enclavee. The head of the foetus la 
 said to be wedged in the pelvis, when it remains 
 fixed, notwithstanding the uterine efforts. 
 
 The condition is called Ineunea' tio seu Tncla- 
 va'tio fcetus, Spheno'sis, Inharens, (F.) Enclave- 
 ment. See Paragomphosis. 
 
 WEED, see Mastitis — w. in the Breast, see 
 Mastitis — w. Dyer's, Reseda luteola — w. Field, 
 Aiithemis cotula — w. Horsefly, Sophora tinctoria 
 
 — w. Milk, Apocynum androsaemifolium — w. 
 Soldiers', Matico — w. Silver, PotentUla anserina. 
 
 WEEPING, Fletus. 
 
 WEIGHT, from Saxon psesan, 'to weigh;' 
 (F.) Pesanieur. A sensation of heaviness or 
 pressure over the whole body, or over a part — 
 the stomach or head, for example. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, Pon'dera et 
 Mensu'rce, (F.) Poids et Mesures. The importance 
 of possessing a uniform system of weights and 
 measures has impressed the scientific of all coun 
 tries, and numerous endeavours have been made 
 to accomplish the object. It is, however, a mat- 
 ter of considerable difficulty, and one not likely 
 to be attained. The new French measures are • 
 are upon decidedly the best footing, but they are 
 not adopted out of France. The greatest diver- 
 sity prevails over Europe in the measures, both 
 of weight and capacity. Some of the following 
 tables will show, that every subdivision of the 
 pound, as well as the pound itself, differs in Eng- 
 land and in France. 
 
 WEIGHTS. 
 
 Troy Weight, as used by the British Apothecaries, 
 — Pondus pharmaceii'ticzim seu medicinal. 
 
 ['12 ounces. 
 I 8 drachms, 
 ■j .3 scruples. 
 I 20 grains. 
 The grain gr. 
 
 These, and the signs by which they are denoted; 
 are the same in all the British Pharmacopoeias, 
 as well as in the American. 
 
 The jionnd ft) 
 
 The ounce 3 
 
 The drachm 3 \ contains 
 
 The scrvplel^ 
 
 lb. 
 
 Oz. 
 
 Drm's. Scrup. Ors. 
 
 1 
 
 = 12 
 
 = 9(i = 288 == 5700 
 
 
 1 
 
 = 8 = 24 = 480 
 
 1 = 3 = 60 
 
 1 = 20 
 
"WEiaHTS 917 
 
 • Poids de Marc. 
 
 The pound 1 f 16 ounces. 
 
 The ounce \ | 8 drachms. 
 
 The drachm J- contains <( 3 scruples. 
 The scruple I | 24 grains. 
 
 The grain J l_ 
 
 Avoirdupois. 
 
 Pound, Ounces. Drachms. Troy grains. 
 lb. 1. = 16 = 25G = 7000 
 1 = 16 = 4375 
 
 1 = 27.34375 
 
 The avoirdupois drachin is sometimes divided 
 into three scruples, and the scruple into ten 
 grains. The pound of 76S0 grains avoirdupois 
 = 7000 grains troy, and hence 1 grain troy = 
 .97 grain avoirdupois. 
 
 The Poids de JIarc is that employed by the 
 French Pharmaciens, when the new weights are 
 not. The Avoirdupois is now used by the Dub- 
 lin College. 
 
 The following tables exhibit the relative value 
 of the old Prench and English weights : 
 
 Poids de Marc. Troy Wt. Avoird. Troy grs. 
 
 1 pd. [livre) = 1.31268» = 1.080143/6 = 7561 
 1 oz. [once) = .984504oz = 1.060143oz = 472.5625 
 1 dr. (£-ros.) = .954504dr = 59.0703125 
 
 1 gr. =. .820421 
 
 WEIGHTS 
 
 Troy. 
 
 Poids de Mure. 
 
 French grains 
 
 1 pound 
 1 ounce 
 1 drachm 
 1 grain 
 
 = 0.76180 lb. 
 = 1.01574 once 
 = 1.01574 gros 
 
 = 7561 
 == 585.083 
 = 73.135 
 1.219 
 
 Avoirdupois. 
 1 pound 
 1 ounce 
 
 Poids de Marc. 
 = 0.925803 lb. 
 = 0.925803 once 
 
 French grains 
 = 8532.3 
 = 533.27 
 
 To convert French grains into Troy \ 
 
 grains, divide by ( 
 
 Troy grains into French C 
 
 grains, multiply by ; 
 
 French ounces into Troy j 
 
 ounces, divide by f 
 
 Troy ounces into French f 
 
 ounces, multiply by J 
 
 French pounds (poids de'\ 
 
 1.2189 
 
 1.015734 
 
 marc) into Troy pounds, 
 multiply by y 1.31268 
 
 Troy pounds into French I 
 pounds, divide by J 
 
 Troy grain. 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 French grain. 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 Poids de Marc or 
 French grain. 
 1.219 
 2.438 
 3.657 
 4.876 
 6.095 
 7.314 
 8.533 
 9.752 
 10.971 
 
 Troy grain. 
 0.8203 
 1.6406 
 2.4609 
 3.2812 
 4.1015 
 4.9218 
 5.7421 
 6.5624 
 7.3827 
 
 JVew French Decimal or 3Ietrical Weights. 
 
 Milligramme => 
 Centigramme = 
 Decigramme = 
 Gramme = 
 
 Decagramme = 
 Hectogramme = 
 Kilogramme = 15434.0234 
 Myriagramme = 154340.2344 
 
 TVoy grains. 
 :0154 
 .1543 
 1.5434 
 15.4340 
 154.3402 
 1543.4023 
 
 lb. 01. dr. gr. 
 
 2 34.4 
 
 3 1 44.4 
 
 2 8 ] 24 
 
 26 9 6 
 
 Comparative Value of the French Medicinal 
 Pound and that of other Places, 
 
 lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 Germanv 15 4 48 
 
 Amsterdam 1 00 42 
 
 Belgium 1 00 42 
 
 Berne 1 00 00 
 
 Copenhagen ... 15 3 20J 
 
 Florence 11 50 divided into 12 oz. 
 
 Genoa 10 5 60 do. into 12 oz, 
 
 Geneva 1 00 18 
 
 Hamburg 15 2 15 
 
 Lisbon 15 7 68 
 
 London 12 3 12 divided into 12 oz. 
 
 Madrid 15 16 
 
 Milan 9 3 00 
 
 Monaco 15 2 23 
 
 Naples 10 7 54 divided into 12 oz. 
 
 Paris 1 00 00 divided into 16 oz. 
 
 Rome 11 50 do. into 12 oz. 
 
 Stockholm 13 7 8 
 
 United States.. 12 3 12 divided into 12 oz. 
 
 Warsaw 1 10 4 24 
 
 Venice 8 6 00 
 
 Vienna 1 2 2 32 
 
 MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 
 English Measure of Fluids. 
 The gallon (con gius). ") f 8 pints. 
 
 The ^iimt (octarius) .. Q I I 16 fluidouncca. 
 
 The fluidouace f 5 [.contains-^ 8 fluidrachms. 
 
 The fiuidrachm f ^ j I 60 minims. 
 
 The minim TTLj i 
 
 Proportions of the Apothecaries' and Wine Gallon. 
 
 Oal. Pints. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims. Cub. iiiches. 
 1 = 8 = 128 = 1024 = 61440 = 231 
 
 1 = 16 == 128 = 7680 = 28,875 
 1 = 8 = 480 = 1.8047 
 1 = 60 = .2256 
 
 Imperial Measure, adopted hi/ the London Col- 
 lege in their Pharmacopoeia of 1S36. 
 
 Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidr. Minims. 
 
 1 =. 8 = 160 = 1280 = 76800 
 
 1 = 20 = 160 = 9600 
 
 1 = 8 = 480 
 
 1 = 60 
 
 Comparative Value of the Proportions of ihii 
 Wine and Imperial Gallons. 
 
 Wine. 
 
 Pints. 
 
 Imperial. 
 Fluidoz. Fluidr. 
 
 1 gallon = 
 
 1 pint = 
 
 1 fluidounce = 
 
 1 fluidrachm =■ 
 
 Minims. 
 
 23 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 1 gallon 
 1 pint = 
 
 1 fluidounce = 
 1 fluidrachm = 
 
 Gallon. 
 = 1 
 
 Wine. 
 
 Pint. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minim. 
 
 19 5 8 
 
 1 3 1 38 
 
 7 41 
 
 58 
 
 French Measures of Capacity. 
 
 Millilitre = 
 
 Centilitre = 
 
 Decilitre = 
 
 Litre = 
 
 Decalitre = 
 
 Hectolitre = 
 Kilolitre 
 
 English cubic inches. 
 
 = .061028 = 
 
 = .610280 = 
 
 = 6.102800 = 
 
 = 61.028000 = 
 
 = 010.280000 = 
 6102.800000 
 61028.000000 
 
 Wine Measurt. 
 16.2318 minima. 
 2.7053 fluidra'ihnifl. 
 3.3816 fluidounces. 
 2.1135 pints. 
 2.6419 gallons. 
 
 Myrialitre = 610280.000000 
 
 Approximate comparison hetween tlie amnent 
 French Ifeasures of Capacity, and the %eio, 
 and conversely. 
 
 Grammes. Litres. Decilitres. Centilitres. 
 1 poisson = 125 or 1 2 
 
 1 demi-setier = 250 or 2 5 
 
 1 chopine = 500 or 5 
 
 1 vinte — 1000 or 1 
 
WEIGHTS 
 
 918 
 
 WEIGHTS 
 
 Orammes, lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 i centilitre = 10 or 2^ 00 
 
 1 decilitre = 100 or 3 2 00 [pints. 
 
 1 litre =1000 or 2 3 36 = 2.1 13 Eng. wine 
 
 Measures of Length, 
 
 1 line, the 12th part of an inch. 
 
 3 barleycorns 
 
 A pabn or hand's breadth (Scripture mea- 
 
 B(ire ..-..., - 
 
 A hand (horse measure) 
 
 A span (Scripture measure) 
 
 A foot 
 
 A cubit (Scripture measure for common 
 
 purposes) 
 
 A cubit (Scripture measure for sacred pur- 
 poses) - 
 
 AFlemish ell 
 
 A yard 3 ft 
 
 A n English ell 3 " 
 
 A fathom ox toise 6 " 
 
 Inches. 
 
 1.000 
 
 3.648 
 4.0U0 
 10.944 
 12.000 
 
 18.000 
 
 21.888 
 27.000 
 .00 
 09 
 00 
 
 Neio French Measures of Length. 
 English inches. 
 
 Millimetre 
 
 0.039 
 
 
 
 
 Centimetre 
 
 0.393 
 
 
 
 
 Decimetre 
 
 3.937 
 
 yd. 
 
 ft. 
 
 inch 
 
 Metre 
 
 39.371 
 
 = 1 
 
 
 
 3.37 
 
 VALUES OF THE GRECIAN, EOMAN, AND AKABIAS 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN POIDS DE MARC. 
 
 1. Weights of the Ancient Greelcs. 
 
 lbs. oz. dr. gr 
 
 The talent (raXavTov) 54 2 5 24 
 
 The mi7ia (IJtiva) 14 3 40 
 
 The drachm {(ipa'xyn) 1 H 
 
 The obolus {olSoXos) 13 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 The ceration (KtpaTiov'). 
 Tlie chalcus (T(;aX)fOUf) . 
 The septon {atmov) . . . 
 
 2. Weights of the Ancient Romans. 
 
 oz. dr. 
 
 gr- 
 
 The pound (libra) 10 6 
 
 The ounce (uncia) '. 7 16 
 
 The duella 2 29 
 
 The sicilicus 1 58 
 
 The sextula 1 14 
 
 The consular denier, denarius 1 2 
 
 The imperial denier or drachm, drachma 65 
 
 The victoriatus 37 
 
 The scriptulum or scruple 21 
 
 The obolus 11 
 
 The siliqua 4 
 
 The Greeks divided their obelus into chalci 
 and ler)ta : some divided it into 6 chalci, and 
 each, chalcus into 7 1epta; others into 8 chalci, 
 and every chalcus into 8 lepta or rninuta. 
 
 Dr. Milligan, in his edition of Celsus, gives the following table, exhibiting the Troy weight of 
 measures of capacity and of weight in use amongst the Romans. 
 
 Urna. 
 
 Amphora 2 = 
 
 Urna 1 = 
 
 Con'^ius y ■= 
 
 Sextarius 
 
 Libra 
 
 Hemina 
 
 Acetabuhim ■ 
 
 Sesqui-cyathus 
 
 (Jyathus 
 
 Sescuncia 
 
 Libra. 
 80 = 
 40 = 
 10 = 
 12-3 = 
 1 = 
 
 Uncia. 
 960 
 480 
 120 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 Denarius 
 = 6720 
 = 3360 
 = 840 
 = 140 
 = 84 
 
 14-7 = 
 2 1-7 = 
 2 1-7 = 
 13-7 = 
 
 60 = 
 15 = 
 15 = 
 
 10 = 
 lOi = 
 
 7 = 
 
 Scrupulus. 
 
 = 201C0 = 
 
 = 10080 = 
 
 = 2540 = 
 
 420 = 
 
 252 = 
 
 ISO = 
 
 45 = 
 
 Sextans. 
 40320 : 
 26160 . 
 5040 = 
 840 ■■ 
 504 ■■ 
 360 . 
 90 
 90 
 60 
 63 
 42 
 15 
 6 
 
 Uncia 1 
 
 Cochleare 2J = 7J 
 
 Drachma 1 = 3 
 
 Denarius 1 = 3 = 6 
 
 Scrupulus 1 =^ 2 
 
 Scrupulus dimidiatus i= 1 
 
 Obolus 1 
 
 Sextans 1 
 
 Chalcus - 
 
 Chalcus. 
 
 403200 
 
 210600 
 
 50400 
 
 8400 
 
 5040 
 
 3600 
 
 900 
 
 900 
 
 600 
 
 630 
 
 420 
 
 150 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 He gives also the following ' Carmen Mnemoni- 
 cuni' which exhibits the analogies of the Roman 
 and British imperial weights. 
 
 STo tlie consius anti sallon, eacf), ten pountis 
 
 allotD, 
 ®tt tlie i)usi[)el anti ampljora eiijlitj bcstoto ; 
 Silomc's jioun'b, as m STrog toeiQljt, ttnclbe 
 
 ounces obtains, 
 aSut ijet ounce is Stboirtfuipois, sttictls, fn 
 
 Brains : 
 3Benarii tirams, scrujjles scrujplt trcffnc, 
 -Scptarfus anstocrs to cur hottle of toine, 
 ^nTi Vt)Z mna's a sjjort jfnt — fourteen 
 
 ounces trx fine. 
 
 3. Weights said to be of the Arabians, 3fodern 
 Greeks, and Latins of the barbarous periods of 
 the Middle Ages. 
 
 Grana. 
 420480 
 2)0240 
 52920 
 ^■760 
 5256 
 3759 
 939 
 939 
 626 
 657 
 438 
 156 
 62 4-7 
 62 4-7 
 20 2-3 
 10 1-3 
 10 1-? 
 10 1-3 
 ll-3t 
 
 oz. dr. gr 
 30 
 
 The Jllexandrian bean or tremessis. . 
 
 The Greek bean or gramme, the kermet, 
 
 gonum, harmi, gracchus 21 
 
 The ring, cumulus, seminet, onolosich, one- 
 
 lossat 11 
 
 The danich 8 
 
 The kirat, alkilat, kararit 4 
 
 The alchemion 14 
 
 The manes or aminos 10 
 
 Sacros, augbhen, adar, assatil 
 
 The great or royal nut 
 
 The sextarius, stater 
 
 The lesser nut 
 
 Mliovanuf 
 
 Jturevi, jjlcobolus 
 
 The haze', nut. bendacate, holca, alchi, dar- 
 
 chimt, atos'ochilos. ologinat, naback 
 
 The acorn, lupine, Egyptian or Syrian bean, 
 
 the bachil 
 
 oz. dr. gr. 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 6 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 o 
 
 29 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 1. Greek Measures. 
 
 lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 84 
 
 The metretes (iitTprjTrji) 
 
 The chus, choa, congius (X°"5) 7 
 
 The xestes {ItuTrii) 1 1 
 
 The cotyla {Korv^rf) 8 
 
 The tetrarton (Terpaprov) 4 
 
 The oxybaphon (o^vPa<pov) 2 
 
 The cyathos (Kvados) 1 
 
 The concha (Koyxv) 
 
 The mystron (jivaTpov) 
 
 The chama minor {Xtf^v) 
 
 Tlie cochliarion {KO)(\tapiov) 
 
 2. Roman Measures of Capacity, 
 
 lbs. oz. 
 
 The amphora or cadus 56 2 
 
 The urna 28 1 
 
 The congius 7 
 
 The sextarius 1 4 
 
 The hemina 10 
 
 The quartarius 5 
 
 The acetabulum 2 
 
 Tlie cyathus or small glass 1 
 
 i The ligula or spoonful 
 
 dr. gr. 
 7 24 
 3 48 
 2 66 
 7 44 
 1 18 
 
"WEILBACH 
 
 919 
 
 "WIESSAU 
 
 3. ileamres said to be of the Arabian, Arabist, 
 and Latin Physicians of the Middle Ages. 
 
 lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 The missohaos weighed 3 8 1 33 
 
 Aben. kirt, ejub, eberia, or Roman mina. . 1 6 00 
 
 The phial, knffilius, or hassiliiius 10 1 18 
 
 The calix or rejelati 5 44 
 
 The handful, pugillum, cormisum 3 2 68 
 
 The hassiif, aesasse, or anesime 2 4 20 
 
 T!ie conos or coatus, alcantxis or almunesi, 
 
 briale cuabus 1 5 34 
 
 The lesser bachates 5 56 
 
 The largest spoovful 4 44 
 
 A spoovful 1 52 
 
 The co/anos or reclanarium 1 28 
 
 A small spoonful or flagerina, or cyanes. 1 11 
 
 The smallest spoonful or fahaliel 42 
 
 A good section on weights and measures is 
 contained in the edition of "The Seven Books 
 of Paulus ^gineta," by Mr. Francis Adams, 
 published by the Sydenham Society of London, 
 vol. iii, p. 609, London, 1S47. 
 
 Besides the weights and measures above men- 
 tioned, employed by the moderns, there are modes 
 of estimating the quantities of substances by ap- 
 proximation. For example : — 
 A glassful or ciqful, ((P.) Verre,) is reckoned to 
 
 contain 4 or 5 fluidounces. 
 A wine-glassful, 1^ ounce or two ovxnces. 
 A table-spoonful, ( (E.) Cuiller a bouche,) about 
 half an ounce. 
 
 A coffee or dessert-spoonful, about 3 drachms. 
 A tea-spoonful, a fluidrachm. 
 A handful, manijmlus, ({¥.) Poignee,) as much 
 
 as can be held in the hand. 
 The Pugillus ( (F.) Pincee) is as much as can be 
 held by the three iingcrs. 
 These last quantities are occasion ally prescribed 
 by the French practitioners. Their weights must, 
 of course, vary, according to the article. The 
 authors of the Parisian codex have valued them, 
 as regards certain substances. 
 
 French. 
 oz. dr. 
 
 A Jl/an?;)«Z«s of barley weighs 3 2i 
 
 ■' linseed 1 4 
 
 " linseed meal 3 3 
 
 " dried mallow leaves 1 3 
 
 " dried cicliory leaves 1 
 
 " flowers of ihe tilia 1 2^ 
 
 dr. scr. gr. 
 A Pugillus of chamomile flowers weighs 2 
 
 " arnica 1 2 
 
 " marsh-mallow ] 1 
 
 " mallow 60 
 
 " fennel seeds 1 CO 
 
 " aniseed 1 1^ CO 
 
 A hen's egg, newly laid, weighs about 2 ounces 
 and 2 drachms: when deprived of its shell, 2 
 ounces. The lohite weighs 1 ounce, 2 drachms, 
 and 57 grains : the yolh, 5 drachms and 15 grains. 
 
 WEILBACH, MINERAL AYATERS OF. 
 The village of Weilbach is in the plain between 
 the Maine and the southern extremity of the 
 Taunus hills. It has in its neighbourhood a cold 
 sulphureous alkaline spring, the water of which is 
 bottled and exported, although not of great effi- 
 cacy. Its use is at times combined with that of 
 the saline springs in Nassau, and of Baden-Ba- 
 den, in various chronic abdominal and thoracic 
 affections. 
 
 WELD, Reseda luteola. 
 
 WELK, Whelk. An inequality; a protube- 
 rance; a cutaneous eruption of this character. 
 Acne. 
 
 WE M DING, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters are situate about four leagues from 
 Donawert in Bavaria. They contain sulphuretted 
 hydrogen ; carbonates of lime, magnesia, and 
 st>da; sulphates of lime and magnesia; a little 
 
 chloride of calcium, and oxide of iron ; and aro 
 much used in asthenic diseases. 
 
 WEN, Sax. ten, Lu'pia, Tumour, (F.) Loup, 
 A name given to circumscribed, indolent tumours, 
 without inflammation or change of colour of the 
 skin. They may be met with in almost every 
 part of the body. Their magnitude, as well as 
 nature, is very variable. The term is sometimes 
 given to an encysted tumour, and to bronchocele. 
 
 WESTERN ISLANDS, Azores. 
 
 WEST INDIES, (CLIMATE OF.) The cli- 
 mate of the AYest Indies has long been regarded 
 as favourable to the consumptive. In confirmed 
 consumption, it appears, however, to be positively 
 injurious. As a prophylactic for those predis- 
 posed to consumption, it is generally favourable. 
 The nature of the patient's constitution, in re- 
 gard to the effects of elevated temperature, has 
 alwaj's to be taken into account. In diseases 
 that are benefited by warm climates, the West 
 Indies afford an appropriate residence. The isl- 
 ands in which the invalid can best obtain all the 
 advantages of the climate, are Jamaica, Barbadoes, 
 St. Vincents, Antigua, St. Kitts, and Santa Cruz. 
 
 WHAHOO, see Euonymus. 
 
 WHEAL, Weal, Wale. A ridge, or elevation 
 of the skin, produced by a rod or whip ; or as if 
 produced in that manner. Such elevations are 
 seen in urticaria. 
 
 WHEAT, Tritieum — w. Indian, Zea mays — w. 
 Turkey, Zea mays. 
 
 WHELK, Acne, Welk — w. Chin, Sycosis— w. 
 Rosy, Gutta rosea, 
 
 WHEY, Serum lactis — w. Mustard, see Sinapis 
 — w. Rennet, see Serum lactis — w. Tamarind, see 
 Tamarindus — w. Vinegar, see Acetum — w. Wine, 
 Wine whey. 
 
 WHIFFING MURMUR, see Murmur, respi- 
 ratory. 
 
 WHISKY, see Spirit. A spirituous liquor ob- 
 taiaed from oats, potatoes, <fec., by distillation. 
 
 Whisky Liver, Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 WHIS'PERING; evidently an onomatopoeia 
 (hooisp'ervng), Susurra'tio, Susurra' tion. Articu- 
 lation of the air sent through the vocal tube 
 without any action of the glottis. 
 
 WHISTLING, Sif/lement, see Rale sibilant. 
 
 WHITE, Flake, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 White Ball, Cephalanthus oecidentalis — w. 
 Leaf, Pyrola maculata. Spiraea tomentosa — w. 
 Leg, Phlegmatia dolens — w. Matter of the brain, 
 see Cerebrum — w. Root, Angelica lucida, Ascle- 
 pias tuberosa. 
 
 White, Spanish, Bismuth, subnitrate of. 
 
 White Swelling, Hydrarthrus — w. Swelling 
 of lying-in women, Phlegmatia dolens — w. Sub- 
 stance of Schwann, see Nerve fibre — w. Sulphur, 
 see Virginia, mineral waters of — w. Weed, Chry- 
 santhemum leucanthemum — w. Wood, Lirioden- 
 dron, Tilia. 
 
 WHITENESS OF COMPLEXION, Paleness. 
 
 WHITES, THE, Leucorrhrea, 
 
 WHITLEYA STRAMONIFOLIA, Anisodus 
 luridus. 
 
 WHITLOW, Paronychia. 
 
 WHOOPING-COUGH, Pertussis. 
 
 WHORLYWORT, Leptandria purpurea. 
 
 WHORTLEBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillu^, 
 Vaccinium vitis idaea — w. Bears', Arbutus uva 
 ursi. 
 
 WHORTS, BLACK, Vaccinium myrtillus. 
 
 WIDOW- WAIL, Cneorum tricoccum, Daphna 
 Alpina, 
 
 WIESBADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 S6G TVis^jnclGD. 
 
 WIESSAUJ MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 waters are situate about four leagues from the 
 convent of Waldsassen in Bavaria. They contain 
 
WILD 
 
 920 
 
 WINE 
 
 earlDonic acid; carbonates of lime and magnesia; 
 chlorides of calcium, magnesium, and aluminum; 
 carbonate of soda, and much oxide of iron. The 
 Bavarians consider them to resemble the waters 
 of Pyrmont. 
 
 WILD, Sax. pil&, (D.) Wild. An epithet 
 given to the countenance, ivhen not in harmony 
 ,with the condition of the individual, and indica- 
 ting strong mental emotion; — a wild look, (F.) 
 fhysiognomie egaree. 
 
 WILDBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Wild- 
 bad is a small town of Wurtemberg, three Ger- 
 man miles from Baden-Baden. It is much fre- 
 quented as a watering-place. The water is ther- 
 mal, from 95° to 100° of Fahr., and is much em- 
 ployed in cases in which thermal waters are indi- 
 cated. It is used internally, a pint not con- 
 taining more than a grain of solid ingredients, 
 which consist of salts of soda and lime. The 
 proportion of carbonic acid gas is verv small. 
 
 WILDUNGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Wildungen is situate a few miles from Cassel in 
 Germany. In its neighbourhood are several mi- 
 neral springs ; the chief of which, according to 
 Stucke, contain a bituminous matter; chloride 
 of sodium and sulphate of soda; carbonate and 
 sulphate of lime, &c. They are used, chiefly, as 
 refrigerants. 
 
 WILL, Voluntas. 
 
 WILLOW, Salix. 
 
 Willow Herb, common, Lythrum salicaria — 
 w. Herb, great, Epilobium augustifolium — w. 
 Herb, purple, Lythrum salicaria — w. Herb, pur- 
 ple veined, Epilobium coloratum. 
 
 Willow, Low-bush, Salix humilis — w. Speck- 
 led, Salix humilis — w. Red, Cornus sericea — w. 
 Rose, Cornus sericea — w. Sweet, Myriea gale. 
 
 WIND, Sax. t)in&, Ventus, An'emos, (F.) Vent. 
 Winds exert considerable influence on the animal 
 economy ; acting by their temperature, which 
 necessarily modifies that of the circumambient 
 air, as well as by their moisture or dryness, and 
 by the emanations of different kinds, which they 
 transport to greater or less distances. The winds 
 which blow over a considerable extent of country, 
 are dry and serene : those which come from the 
 ocean are moist and chilly. 
 
 Wind Dropsy, Emphysema, Tympanites — w. 
 Flower, Anemone — w. Pipe, Trachea — w. Root, 
 Asclepias tuberosa. 
 
 WINDINESS, Flatulence. 
 
 WINDY, Flaiulen'tus, Flat'ulent, Va'pouroue, 
 (F.) Venteux. That which causes wind or flatu- 
 lence ; also, that which is caused by wind or flatu- 
 lence; as windy food, vnndy colic, &c. Also, 
 one affected with flatulence, or who is ' troubled 
 with the wind.' 
 
 WINE, Sax. bin, (G.) Wein, originally, per- 
 haps, from oivos, ffi/ios, Vinum, (F.) Vin. A name 
 given by chymists to all liquors that have become 
 spirituous by fermentation. The term is gene- 
 rally, however, restricted to the fermented juice 
 of the grape, or of fruits, the product of whose 
 fermentation resembles, in almost all respects, 
 that of the juice of the grape. Wine is composed 
 of alcohol; saccharine matter; malic acid; tar- 
 taric acid ; bitartrate of potass ; acetic acid ; an 
 extractive colouring matter, more or less bitter, 
 and jiartly resinous ; and sometimes of an aro- 
 matic substance. The extractive colouring mat- 
 ter is chiefly met with in red wines. All these 
 constituents, except the alcohol, are found ready 
 formed in the grapo The alcohol proceeds from 
 the decomposition of the saccharine matter. A 
 part of the acetic acid is also formed during fer- 
 luentation. 
 
 Tlie following table, drawn up by Mr. Brande, 
 <f\bibits the (Quantity of spirit in different kinds 
 
 of wine and liquors. It is proper, however, to 
 remark, that many of these wines are prepared 
 for the London market, and are more brandied, or 
 "reinforced," than the same varieties sold in the 
 United States. This is strikingly the case with 
 port. Dr. Henderson, too, has remarked, that 
 some of the wines analyzed by Mr. Brande were 
 mixed with a considerable quantity of adventi- 
 tious alcohol. Dr. Henderson's additions and 
 corrections have the letter H. affixed. 
 
 Proportion of Alcohol, s. g. 0.825, in one hundred 
 parts by measure of the following wines, and 
 Malt AND Spirxtuods Liquors. 
 
 1. Lissa 26.47 
 
 Do 24.35 
 
 Average, (a) 25.41 
 
 2. EaisinWine 2G.40 
 
 Do 25.77 
 
 Do 2:). 20 
 
 Average, 25.12 
 
 3. Marsala 26.03 
 
 Do ; 25.05 
 
 Average, (i) 25.0'J 
 
 4. Port — average of six kinds 23.48 
 
 Do. — highest 25.83 
 
 Do. — lowest 21.40 
 
 5. Madeira 24.42 
 
 Do 23.03 
 
 Do. (Sercial) 21.45 
 
 Do in. 24 
 
 Average, 22.27 
 
 6. Currant Wine 20.55 
 
 7. Sherry 19.81 
 
 Do 19.83 
 
 Do 18.79 
 
 Do 18.25 
 
 Average, 19.17 
 
 8. Teneriffe 19.79 
 
 9. Colares 19.75 
 
 10. LacrymaCristi 19.70 
 
 11. Constantia — white 19.75 
 
 red (c) 18.93 
 
 12. Lisbon 18.94 
 
 13. Malaga 18.94 
 
 14. Bucellas 18.49 
 
 15. Red Madeira 22.30 
 
 Do 18.40 
 
 Average, 20.35 
 
 16. Cape Muscat 18.25 
 
 17. Cape Madeira 22.94 
 
 Do 20.50 
 
 Do 18.11 
 
 Average, 20.51 
 
 18. Grape Wine 18.11 
 
 19. Calcavella 19.20 
 
 Do 18.10 
 
 Average, 18.65 
 
 20. Vidonia 19.25 
 
 21. Alha Flora 17.26 
 
 22. Malasa 17.26 
 
 23. White Hermitage 17.43 
 
 24. Roussillon 19.00 
 
 Do 17.26 
 
 Average, 18.13 
 
 25. Claret 17.11 
 
 Do 1 6 .32 
 
 Do 14.08 
 
 Do 12.91 
 
 Average, (d) 15 10 
 
 26. Malmsey Madeira 16.40 
 
 27. Liinel 15.52 
 
 28. Scheraaz 15.5-2 
 
 29. Syracuse 15.28 
 
 30. Saiiterne 14.22 
 
 31. Burgundy 16.60 
 
 Do 15.22 
 
 Do 14.53 
 
 Do - 11.9.5 
 
 Average, 14.57 
 
 32. Hock 14.37 
 
 Do 13.00 
 
 Do. (old in cask) 8.88 
 
 Averaee, 12.08 
 
 RudesheimerflSll) H. 10.72 
 
 Do. (1800) H. 12.22 
 
 Average, H. 11 47 
 
 Johannisberger H. 8.71 
 
 .3.3. Nice 14.63 
 
 .•^4. Barsac 13.80 
 
 "(o; 15.r0 11. (i) 18.40 H. (<•) 14 50 H. (</} 12.S1 U. 
 
WINE 
 
 921 
 
 WOODS 
 
 35. 
 
 3(5. 
 
 Tent 
 
 Champagne (still) 
 
 Do. (sparkling). 
 
 Do. (red) 
 
 Do 
 
 Red Hermitage . 
 Vin de Grave. .. 
 Do 
 
 13.30 
 
 13.80 
 
 12.80 
 
 12..5e 
 
 11.30 
 
 Average, 12.61 
 
 12.32 
 
 13.94 
 
 12.80 
 13.37 
 12.79 
 12.32 
 11.84 
 
 Average, 
 
 Frontignac 
 
 C6te Rolie 
 
 Gooseberry Wine 
 
 Orange Wine— average of six samples made 
 
 by a liondon manufacturer 
 
 Tokay 
 
 Elder Wine 
 
 Rhenish Wine H. 
 
 Cider — highest average 
 
 Do. lowest 
 
 Perry — average of four samples 
 
 Mead 
 
 Ale (Burton) 
 
 Do. (Edinburgh) 
 
 Do. (Dorchester) 
 
 Average, 
 
 Brown Stout 
 
 London Porter — average 
 
 Do. Small Beer — average 
 
 Brandy 
 
 Rum 
 
 Gin 
 
 Scotch Whisky 
 
 Irish do 
 
 11.26 
 
 9.88 
 9.87 
 8.71 
 9.87 
 5.21 
 7. 2d 
 7.32 
 8 88 
 6.20 
 5.56 
 6.87 
 6.80 
 4.20 
 1.28 
 53.39 
 53.68 
 51.60 
 54.32 
 53.90 
 
 The only wine recommended in some pharma- 
 copoeias is Sherry, Vinum, Vinuni album His- 
 }}an'icum, Leucie'mts. It is a dry wine; the 
 least variable in its properties, and agrees best 
 with the dyspeptic. Other wines used officinally 
 are — Canary or SacJc loine, Vinum Canari'nuni; 
 Moimtuin, loine, Vinum album monta' niim ; Tent 
 wine; Ehenish wine, Vinum Ehena' nura ; and 
 Port loine, Vitium rubruni Portugal' licum. 
 
 The wines habitually drunk are almost innu- 
 merable. Those that are sweet, or contain a 
 large portion of free, saccharine matter, are de- 
 cidedly the least wholesome to the dyspeptic. 
 
 When wine is good, and of a proper age, it is 
 tonic and nutritive ; when new, flatulent and ca- 
 thartic, disagreeing with the stomach and bowels. 
 In medicine, it is a valuable tonic in the last 
 stage of typhus, when the skin is not too hot and 
 dry. Its use, however, requires great caution ; 
 and when once commenced under proper circum- 
 stances, it cannot be suddenly dropped without 
 mischief. It is, perhaps, the best permanent 
 stimulus in the catalogue of the materia me- 
 dica. 
 
 Mulled Wine is made as follows : — Take of 
 bruised ciwnamon 2i ; half a nutoiec/ grated; and 
 ten bruised cloves. Infuse in boiling toater Oss 
 for an hour; strain and add sugar gj. Pour the 
 whole into a pint of hot Port or Sherry. Useful 
 in adynamic conditions. 
 
 Wine, Amin^ajt, Amineeum vinum — w. of 
 Aloes, Vinum aloes — w. Antimonial, Vinum anti- 
 monii tartarizati — w. Antiscorbutic, Vinum anti- 
 scorbuticum — w. Aromatic, Vinum aromaticum 
 ^w. Bark, compound, Vinum de kina kina com- 
 positum — w. Barley, Cerevisia — w. Bitter, diure- 
 tic, Vinum diuretieum amarum. 
 
 WiN'K Bitters, Vinttm gentia'ncB composifum. 
 The formulae for these may be various. The fol- 
 lowing is as good and as agreeable as any. {Bad. 
 gentian, ibj, cort. ojiranf. ^x, sem. cardam. cont. 
 ^iv, cinnam. cort. §iv, wine, foreign or domestic, 
 three gallons and a half.) Tonic and stoma- 
 chic. 
 
 Wine, Cedar, Cedrinum vinum — w. Cham- 
 pagne, Vinum campanuin — w. Chian, Chium vi- 
 num — w. of Colehicum, Vinum colchici — w. of 
 Colehicnm seed, Vinum colchici seminis — w. of 
 Ergot, Vinum ergotas — w. of Gentian, compound, 
 
 Vinum gentianaj compositum — w. of Hellebore, 
 white, Vinum veratri — w. Ipecacuanha, Vinum 
 ipecacuanha; — w. of Iron, Vinum ferri — w. Medi- 
 cated, Vinum medicinale — w. Mulled, see Wine 
 — w. of Opium, Vinum opii — w. Port, Vinum 
 Portugallicum — w. Pullet, Poulet, vin de — w. of 
 Quinia, Vinum quinia — w. Rhubarb, Vinum rhei 
 palmati — w. Sherry, Vinum — w. Steel, Vinum 
 ferri — w. Tobacco, Vinum tabaci. 
 
 Wine Whey, White Wine Whey. Take of good 
 milJc two-thirds of a pint, and add icater to make 
 a pint. Take of sherry, or any other good white 
 icine, two glasses, and of sugar a dessert-spoonful. 
 Place the milk and water in a deep pan on the 
 fire; and the moment it boils, pour into it the 
 wine and sugar. Stir assiduously for 12 or 15 
 minutes, whilst it boils. Lastly, strain through 
 a sieve. 
 
 It is a good mode of giving wine in adynamic 
 states. 
 
 Wine, White, see Wine — w. of Wormwood, 
 Vinum absinthites. 
 
 WING-SEED, Ptelea trifoliata. 
 
 WINKING, Scardamvgmus. 
 
 WINTER-BARK TREE, Wintera aromatioa 
 — w. Berry, Virginia, Prinos — w. Berry, smooth, 
 Prinos Iffivigatus — w. Berry, whorled, Prinos. 
 
 Winter BLOOsr, Ilamamelis Virginiana — w. 
 Cough, Bronchitis, chronic — w. Green, Gaulthe- 
 ria — w. Green, round-leaved, Pyrola — w. Green, 
 spotted, Pyrola maculata. 
 
 WINTERA, see Wintera aromatiea. 
 
 Win'tera Aromat'ica, Drimys Winteri, Win- 
 teru'na aromat'ioa. Winter-bark Tree, The bark, 
 Wintera (Ph. U. S.), Cortex Wintera'nus, Cortex 
 Winteranus Magellan'icus, Cortex Jlfagellan'icvs 
 Cinnatiio'mum Magellan' iciim, (F.) Ecoree de Win- 
 ter, Cannelle poivree, is very much allied in its 
 properties to Canella alba. 
 
 WINTERANA AROMATICA, Wintera aro- 
 matiea. 
 
 WISBADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Wisbaden is a town of Germany, about 6 miles 
 north of Mainz, and 22 west of Frankfort. It has 
 been long celebrated for its hot springs; and ia 
 much frequented. There are numerous cold and 
 thermal springs, — the former containing sulpho- 
 hydric acid; the latter being saline and acidulous. 
 The temperature of the hot springs varies from 
 117° to 160° Fahr. 
 
 WISMUTHUM, Bismuth. 
 
 WOAD, Isatis tinctoria. 
 
 WOLFBANE, Veratrum viride. 
 
 WOLFSBANE, Aconitum— w. Wholesome, 
 Aconitum anthora. 
 
 WOLFSCLAW, Lycopodium. 
 
 WOLFSJAW, see Harelip. 
 
 WOMANHOOD, Mulieritas. 
 
 WOMB, Uterus— w. Falling down of the. Pro- 
 lapsus uteri. 
 
 A¥oMB Grain, Ergot. 
 
 Womb, Laceration of the. Uterus, rupture of 
 the — w. Tympany of the, Physometra. 
 
 WOOD, BRAZIL, CaBsalpinia echinata — w. 
 Elk, Andromeda arborea — w. Fernambuco, Cse-- 
 salpinia echinata. 
 
 Wood-lice, Onisei aselli — w. Nicaragua, see 
 Csesalpinia — w. Peach, see Caesalpinia — w. Per- 
 nambuco, Cajsalpinia echinata — w. Sampfen, Ca;- 
 salpinia sappan — w. Sappan, Ca3salpinia sappan 
 — w. Sorrel, Oxalis acetosella — w. Sour, Andro- 
 meda arborea — w. Waxen, Genista tinctoria. 
 
 WOODBINE, COMMON, Lonicera periclyme- 
 num. 
 
 WOODROOF, SWEET-SCENTED, Asperula 
 odorata. 
 
 WOODS, SUDORIF'IC, {V .) Bois sudorifiquea. 
 This term is applied, collectively, to the g iaJa>< 
 
WOORARA 
 
 922 
 
 WOUND 
 
 cum, sassafras, china, and sarsaparilla ; whicli 
 are often used together to form the sudorific de- 
 coction. 
 WOORARA, Curare. 
 
 WORM, see Alembic, Vermiform process — w. 
 Bark tree, Geoffraja inermis — w. Cakes, Story's, 
 see Cakes, worm. Story's — w. Disease, Helmin- 
 thiasis — w. Goosefoot, Chenopodium anthelmin- 
 ticum — w. Grass, perennial, Spigelia Marilandica. 
 Worm, Guinea, Dracunculus. 
 Worm Loz'enges, Ching's. Empirical pre- 
 parations, which consist of yellow and brown 
 lozenges. The former are directed to be taken 
 in the evening; the latter on the following morn- 
 ing. The Yellow Lozenges. {Saffron, ^ss, water, 
 Oj ; boil, and strain; and add of wJiite panacea of 
 mercury, (calomel washed in spirit of wine,) R)j, 
 white sugar, 28 lbs, mucilage of gum tragacanth 
 q. s., to make a mass. Divide, so that each 
 lozenge may contain a grain of the panacea.) 
 The Brown Lozenges. (Panacea §vij, resin of 
 jalap Ibiijss, ichite sugar Ibix, mucilage of gum 
 tragac. q. s. Each lozenge to contain gr. ss of 
 the panacea.) 
 
 Worm Lozenges, Sherman's, are said to be 
 composed of calomel, gamboge, and sugar. 
 
 Peters's Worm Lozenges are said to be com- 
 posed in a similar manner. 
 
 AVoRM Root, Spigelia Marilandica — w. Seed, 
 Artemisia santonica, Chenopodium anthelminti- 
 cum — w. Seed, goosefoot, Chenopodium anthel- 
 mintieum — w. Weed, Corsican, Corallina Corsi- 
 cana, Polanisia graveolens — w. Weed, white, Co- 
 rallina — w. Wood, biennial, Artemisia biennis — 
 w. Wood, common, Artemisia absinthium — w. 
 Wood, creeping, Artemisia rupestris — w. Wood, 
 lesser, Artemisia Pontica — w. Wood, Roman, 
 Artemisia Pontica — w. Wood, Sea, Artemisia ma- 
 ritima — w. Wood, silky, Artemisia glacialis. 
 
 WORMIA'NA OSSA seu OSSIC'ULA, 0. 
 epacta'lia, 0. raphogeminan'tia, 0. triq'uetra, 0. 
 triangula'ria Bla'sii, Glavca calva'rias, 0. sutu- 
 ra'rum, (F.) Os Wormiens, Clefs du, crane, Os 
 ipiactaux, Os surnumeraires, (Ch.), Os intercales, 
 Os triangulaires. Small bones, which are some- 
 times observable in the sutures of the bones of 
 the cranium, of which they form a part. They 
 were called Wormiana, from Olaus Wormius, who 
 is said to have iirst described them. They had 
 been previously, however, mentioned by G. An- 
 dernach, a physician at Strasburg. The Ossa 
 Wormiana exist more commonly in the sutures 
 of the vault of the skull ; especially in the lamb- 
 doidal, sagittal, and squamous. They are un- 
 common at the base of the skull. Their size is 
 very variable, and shape irregular. Their struc- 
 ture and development are similar to those of the 
 other bones of the cranium; and, like them, they 
 are bounded by sutures. 
 
 WORMS, originally from (L.) Vermes ; Intes'- 
 tinal Wor?ns, Entozo'a, Entozoa'ria, Enterozo'a, 
 Endozo'a, Vermes intesti'ni, Entelminth' a, En- 
 thelmin'thes, Helmin'tM, Hehninth'ia Alvi, H. 
 owd'icis, SplaneJinelmin'tha, Entoparasites, (F.) 
 Vers, Vera intestinaux, Entozoaires. Animals 
 whose common character is that of existing only 
 in other animals; hence their name entozoa, irom 
 tvTOi, 'within,' and ^uov, 'animal.' They are met 
 with, not only in the natural cavities, but even 
 in the tissue of the organs. Cuvier, Rudolphi, 
 Brera, Bremser, Laennec, and others, have en- 
 deavoured to classify them, — some according to 
 thr Ir shape; others, according to their anatomical 
 characters. 
 
 The following table exhibits the entozoa, which 
 have been met with in the human body, and their 
 tt?uai habitat : — 
 
 Trichoceph'alus dispar, 
 Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris, 
 As'caris lumbriooi'des, 
 Bothrioceph'alus latus, 
 TaB'nia so'lium, 
 Ditrachyc'eras rudis, 
 Diploso'ma crena'ta, 
 Spirop'tera hom'inis, 
 Dactyl'ius aculea'tus, 
 Dis'toma hepat'icum, 
 Stron'gylus gigas, 
 Fila'ria oo'uli, 
 Acephalocyst'is endog"eaa5 
 
 Echinocoe'cus hom'inis, [ 
 
 Polys'toma pinguic'ola, 
 Polys'toma vena'rum seu san- 
 
 guic 'ola, Hexathyrid ' ium 
 
 vena'rum, 
 Fila'ria bronchia'lis, 
 Trichi'na spira'lis, "I 
 
 Cysticer'cus cellulo'sae, J 
 
 Acephalocyst'is multif 'ida, 
 Fila'ria medinen'sis, 
 
 IVhere fauitd. 
 
 Intestines. 
 
 Urinary bladdei. 
 
 Gall bladder. 
 
 Kidney. 
 
 Eye. 
 
 Liver. 
 
 Liver, Spleen, and 
 
 Omentum. 
 Ovary. 
 
 Veins. 
 
 Bronchial glands. 
 
 Muscles. 
 
 Brain. 
 
 Cellular texture. 
 
 The most common of these are : — the Oxyures 
 vermiculares, Ascarides lumbricoides, and Tasnia, 
 which are found in the intestines. The origin of 
 these worms is extremely singular, and more 
 favourable than any other fact to the hypothesis 
 of spontaneous generation in the lowest tribes of 
 animated nature. They are certainly not iden- 
 tical with any worms out of the body. They are 
 most commonly met with in children improperly 
 fed ; but their presence cannot bo positively de- 
 tected by any symptom, except that of the dis- 
 charge of the worms themselves in the evacua- 
 tions. They may, of course, give rise to every 
 kind of irritation in the intestinal tube, and to 
 sympathetic disturbance in most of the functions ; 
 but all these signs may be produced by intestinal 
 irritation resulting from other causes. 
 
 Anthelmintics or vermifuges, employed, as the 
 name imports, for their removal, may be of two 
 kinds — mechanical and true. To the first class — 
 the mechanical — belong Emetics, Purgatives, Mu- 
 cuna, powdered Tin, &c. To the latter — the true 
 anthelmintics, — Turpentine, Chenopodium anthcl- 
 minticum, Pink-root, Semina Santoniei, &c. Of 
 these, the best is turpentine. See Oleum tere- 
 binthinae. The great object, however, is to pre- 
 vent their generation. This must be done by 
 generous diet, fresh air, and tonics, where ne- 
 cessary. 
 
 WORT, Sax. pypc, Ifustum, Tnfu'sum Bynes 
 seu Bra'sii seu Mcdti, (F.) Iloilt de la Biere. An 
 infusion of malt. This has been recommended 
 in scurvy. One measure of ground malt is added 
 to three equal measures of boiling water. The 
 mixture must be well stirred, and left to stand 
 covered three or four hours. Dose, one to four 
 pints, daily. It has, also, been recommended in 
 other cases, where a strong putrescent disposition 
 appeared to prevail in the lluids, as in cancerous 
 and phagedenic ulcers. It is not now employed. 
 
 WOUND, Sax. punS, Vidnus, Volnus, (diminu- 
 tive T^!i?n»»'c!(7Hm,)P^a^fl(, Trauma, Troma, Tresis, 
 Tresis Vulnus, Blabe, Tymma, (F.) Plaie, Bles- 
 sure. A solution of continuity in the soft parts, 
 produced by some mechanical agent. Wounds 
 present innumerable dilferences, as regards their 
 situation; the parts interested; their direction; 
 size; shape; the nature of the instrument or 
 agent by which they are produced ; their more 
 or less simple or complex character, duration, &c. 
 A wound is called incised, (F.) Coiipure, Incision, 
 when made by a cutting instrument; — punctureUf 
 
WOURALI 
 
 923 
 
 XIPHOID 
 
 Nygma, (F.) Piqure, when made by a pointed 
 instrument; — lacerated, (P.) DecMrnre, Plaie 
 par arrachement, when the parts are lacerated 
 or torn by the wounded body ; poisoned, Cellu- 
 li'tia venena'ta, Necu'sia, (F.) Plate envenimee, 
 when some virulent or venomous substance has 
 been introduced; — and contused, (F.) Plate con- 
 tuse, when produced by a blunt body. Gunshot 
 wounds, Sclopetopla'gcB, Vid'nera sclopeta'ria, (F.) 
 Plaies d'armes d feu ou d'arquebusade, Coup de 
 feu, belong to the last division. 
 
 WOURALI, Curare. 
 
 WOURARI, Curare. 
 
 WOURARU, Curare. 
 
 WRACK, SEA, Fucus vesiculosus. 
 
 Wrack, Bladder, Yellow, Fucus vesiculosus. 
 
 WRAPPING UP, (OF THE HYDROPA- 
 THISTS,) Emaillottacje. 
 
 WRENCH, Sprain. 
 
 WRIGHTIA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Ne- 
 rium antidysentericum. 
 
 WRINKLE, Sax. ppincle, Puga, Bytxs, Rha~ 
 cus, Rhachus, Rhagus, Rhi/sse'ma, Corruga'tio cu- 
 tis, (F.) Ride. A furrow or fold in the skin of 
 the face, forehead, vagina, &c. See Corruga- 
 tion. 
 
 WRINKLED, Rugo'sus, Rugous, Rugose, (F.) 
 Ride. Full of wrinkles. 
 
 WRIST, Carpus. 
 
 WRIST-DROP. Paralysis of the muscles of 
 the forearm, induced by the poison of lead. 
 
 WRITERS' SPASM, see Spasm, writers'. 
 
 WURALI, Curare. 
 
 WVRSTGIFT, AUantotoxicum. 
 
 WRONG HEIR, Cancellus. 
 
 X. 
 
 XALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 XANTHIC OXIDE, Uric oxide. 
 
 XANTHINE, Uric oxide. 
 
 XAN'THIUM, X. struma'rium, seu Orienta'le 
 seu Vulga're, Barda'na minor. Lappa minor, Les- 
 ser BurdocJc, Burweed, Burtliistle, Clotbur, (F.) 
 Lampourde, Petit Glouteron, Petite Bardane. This 
 herb, as one of its names imports, was once es- 
 teemed for the cure of scrofula. The seeds have 
 been administered in cutaneous affections. 
 
 XANTHIURIA, Xanthuria. 
 
 XANTHOP'SIA, from favSof, 'yellow,' and 
 oi|'i5, 'vision.' Yellow vision, — as sometimes 
 occurs in jaundice. 
 
 XANTHORRHIZA, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. 
 
 Xanthorrhi'za Apiifo'lia, Xanthorrhiza, X. 
 simplicis'sima, X. 3Iarboi'ca, Zanthorrhiza tinc- 
 to'ria. Yellow Root, Parsley-leaved Yellow Root 
 or Yelloio icort. Shrub yellow root. The root of 
 this American plant — Xanthorrhiza, (Ph. U. S.) 
 — is a strong and pleasant bitter; and, in the 
 dose of two scruples, sits easy upon the stomach. 
 
 XANTHOS, Yellow. 
 
 XANTHO'SIS. A term applied to the yellow 
 discoloration often observed in cancerous tumours 
 — especially in encephaloid of the testicle. — Le- 
 bert. 
 
 XANTHOX'YLUMCLAVA HER'CULIS, 
 Prickly Ash, Toothach Tree, (F.) Clavalier d 
 feuilles defrtne, Frene Spineux. The bark — 
 Xanthoxylum, (Ph. U. S.) — is a very strong 
 stimulant and powerful sialagogue. It has been 
 given, internally, in rheumatism. Another spe- 
 cies — Xanthoxylum fraxinifo'lium, Xanthoxylum 
 fraxin' eum. Shrubby pricJely ash, Toothach bush, 
 Pell'itory, Yellow wood, Suterberry, — possesses 
 active powers. A spirituous infusion of the bark 
 has been highly recommended in cases of violent 
 colic. The fresh juice, expressed from the roots 
 of the xanthoxylum, is said to afford relief in 
 the dry bellyache of the West Indies. A decoc- 
 tion of the bark is sometimes used as a wash to 
 foul ulcers. 
 
 XANTHU'RIA, XantMu'ria, from ^av9o;, 'yel- 
 low,' and ovpov, 'urine.' A condition of the sys- 
 tem and of the urine, in which xanthie oxide is 
 deposited from the urine. 
 
 XANTICA, Carminatives. 
 
 XANTOLINA, Artemisia santonica, 
 
 XENODOCEUM, HospitaL 
 
 XENODOCHEUM, Hospital. 
 
 XERANSIS, Arefaction, Drying. 
 
 XERANTIA, Siccantia. 
 
 XERA'SIA. Same etymon; from ^rjpo;, 'dry.' 
 A disease of the hairs, which become dry, cease 
 to grow, and resemble down covered with dust.— 
 Galen. 
 
 XERION, Catapasma. 
 
 XEROCOLLYR'IUM, from ^,,po;, 'dry,' and 
 Ko\)i.ovpiov, 'a collyrium;' Collyr'ium siccum. A 
 dry collyrium. 
 
 XERODER'MA, from ^rjpog, 'dry,' and ScpiJta 
 ' skin.' Diminution of secretion of the sebaceous, 
 glands. 
 
 XEROMA, Xeropththalmia — x. Conjunctival, 
 Xerophthalmia. 
 
 Xbroma, Lachrymal. Suppression of the 
 lachrymal secretion. 
 
 XEROMYCTER, Xeromycteria. 
 
 XEROMYCTE'RIA, Xeromyeter, from ^r,po?, 
 ' dry,' and fivKrrjp, ' the nose.' Dryness of the 
 nose. 
 
 XEROMYRON, TJnguen'tum siccum; from 
 ^r/pos, 'dry,' and juwpoc, 'an ointment.' A dry 
 ointment. — Gorrseus. 
 
 XEROPHA'GIA, from |i7/)oj, * dry,' and (l)ayu, 
 'I eat.' Excessive use of dry aliment. A kind 
 of regimen to which the ancient athletse subjected 
 themselves, with the view of increasing their 
 strength. 
 
 XEROPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthal'mia sicca, Op>h. 
 thalmoxero'sis, Xero'ma, from ^rjpos, ' dry,' and 
 o<p&aXpia, 'inflammation of the eye.' An inflam- 
 mation of the eye, without discharge. The term 
 — as well as Gonjuncti'val Xero'ma, and Cutic'ular 
 Conjuncti'va — has been given to cases in which 
 the conjunctiva is so changed, that it presents 
 more of the characters of skin than of mucous 
 membrane. It is incapable of radical cure. Also, 
 lippitudo. 
 
 XEROTRIBIA, see Friction. 
 
 XEROTRIPSIS, Friction, dry. 
 
 XIPHISTERNUM, Xiphoid. 
 
 XIPHODES, Xiphoid. 
 
 XIPHODYMUS, Thoraeo-gastrodidymus. 
 
 XIPHOID, Xipho'i'des, Xipho'des, Ensifor'- 
 mis, from |i0of, ' a sword,' and ciJof, 'shape;' 
 Oartila'go Xipho'ides, C. Xiphoidea, G. Scnta'lis, 
 C. Ensiformis, C. Pelta'lis seu pelta'tus, En'siform 
 eartilaqe, Fvrcel'la in/c'rioi; Ifucruna'tuni os. 
 
XIPHOPAGES 
 
 924 
 
 ZAPANIA 
 
 Mxievona'ta Cartila'go, Chondros, Procesuns xi- 
 phosterna'lis seu xij^ho'ides seu stevni xipho'ide- 
 U8, Xij^tliisternum, (F.) Aiipendice ou cartilage xi- 
 phndes, C. Muerone, Appendice sons-sternale, Pa- 
 lette., The name of the appendix which termi- 
 nates the sternum beneath ; and which is so called 
 from some resemblance to a sword. 
 
 Xiphoid Lig'ament, Costo-xyphoid L. (F.) 
 Ligament xijihoidien oucosto-xiphoidien, is a,smaj\l, 
 very thin, ligamentous fasciculus, which passes 
 from the cartilage of prolongation of the 7 th rib 
 to the anterior surface of the xiphoid cartilage, 
 into which it is inserted by its fibres decussating 
 with those of the opposite ligament. 
 
 XIPHOP'AGES, Bid'ymus Sympliyo-epigas'- 
 trius ; from ^i^ps, ' a sword,' and Tzijyvvfii, ' I fix.' 
 A monstrosity, in which twins are united by the 
 epigastrium, as in the ease of the Siamese twins. 
 
 XYLO-ALOES, Agallochum — x. Balsamum, 
 
 Bee Amyris opobalsamnm — x. Cassia, Latirua 
 cassia — x. Ciunamomum, Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 XYLUM, Gossipium. 
 
 XYMPATHIA, Sympathy. 
 
 XYRIS, Iris foetidissima. 
 
 Xyeis Bolbo'sa, X. In'dica, X. Carolinia'na, 
 Yelloio-eyed Grass J indigenous; Orrfer, Xyrida- 
 cese ; flowering from July to September. The 
 roots and leaves are said to be used by the Hin- 
 doos in lepra, and chronic cutaneous diseases in 
 general. 
 
 XYRUM, Novacula. 
 
 XYRUS, Novacula. 
 
 XYSMA, Linteum, Easura, Scobs. 
 
 XYSMOS, Rasura. 
 
 XYSTER, Raspatorium. 
 
 XYSTOS, Linteum. 
 
 XYSTRUM, Raspatorium — x. Ophthalmicum, 
 Ophthalmoxyster. 
 
 T. 
 
 YAM. This esculent root is principally ob- 
 tained from three species of Diosco'rea, — ala'ta 
 bulbif'era,Sindsati.'va. They grow spontaneously 
 in both the Indies, and their roots are eaten pro- 
 miscilously, as the potato is with us. Their taste 
 is somewhat like the potato. 
 
 Y^AM ROOT, WILD, Dioscorea villosa. 
 
 YARD, Penis. 
 
 YARROW, COMMON, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 YAUPON, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 YAWNING, from Sax. jeonan, Chasme, Chaa- 
 mus, ITia'tus, Osce'do, Oscita'tio, Clonus pandicu- 
 la'tio maxilla'rum, Gaping, ( F. ) Baillement. 
 Yawning consists of a deep inspiration, with con- 
 siderable separation of the jaws, executed slowly 
 and in an involuntary manner, and followed by 
 a prolonged and more or less sonorous expiration. 
 This respiratory movement is preceded by a feel- 
 ing of oppression in the epigastric region, and in 
 the muscles of respiration and mastication. 
 Yawning has been conceived to be owing to tor- 
 por in the pulmonary circulation ; the causes pro- 
 ducing it being commonly ennui, fatigue, sleepi- 
 ness, monotonous sounds, hunger, sympathy, <fcc. 
 Yawning often precedes the invasion of certain 
 intermittents, attacks of hysteria, &c., and it may, 
 by its frequency, and obstinacy, become a true 
 
 cli,SGtlS6. 
 
 YAWROOT, Stillingia. 
 
 YAWS, Framboesia. 
 
 YEAST, Y''est — y. Plant, Torula cerevisias. 
 
 YELK, see Ovum. 
 
 YELLOW, Flavua, Lu'teus, Xanthus, from past 
 participle of Sax. ^etelan, ' to burn.' One of the 
 seven primitive colours. 
 
 Yellow Ash, Cladrastis tinctoria — y. Berry, 
 Podophyllum montanum — y. Fever, see Fever, 
 Yellow — y. Fever, mild, see Relapse. 
 
 Yellow Ligaments, (F.) Ligaments jaunes, 
 occupy the spaces between the vertebral plates, 
 
 from the interval, which separates the second 
 vertebra from the third, to that which separated 
 the last vertebra from the sacrum. They are so 
 called in consequence of their colour. 
 
 Yellow Paint, Hydrastis Canadensis — y. 
 Root, JeflFersonia Bartoni — y. Root, Parsley- 
 leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia — y. Root, Shrub, 
 Xanthorrhiza apiifolia — y. Star, Helenium au- 
 tumnale — y. Weed, Ranunculus' acris — y. Wood, 
 Xanthoxylum fraxineum — y. Wort, Parsley- 
 leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. 
 
 YELLOWS, Cypripedium luteum, Icterus, 
 Ranunculus acris. 
 
 YERBA BEL SOLD ABA, Matico— 3^. de 
 Hiiaca, Datura sanguinea. 
 
 Y'EST, Yeast, Sax.jej'C, from ypc, 'a storm,' 
 jfZi^, 'stormy;' Cerevis'ice Fermen'tum, Spuma 
 Cerevis'ice, Barm, (F.) Levure, Levure de la Biere. 
 The scum, which collects on the surface of beer 
 whilst fermenting. Yest is antiseptic and tonic. 
 It has been much extolled in pmtrid fevers, — a 
 table-spoonful being given as a dose, in porter, 
 wine, &c. It is, also, applied, in the form of ca- 
 taplasm, to foul ulcers. In all these cases, it acts 
 by virtue of the generation of carbonic acid gas. 
 
 YEUX ARBENS, Ardent eyes — y. d'JEcre- 
 visse, Cancrorum chelae. 
 
 YEW TREE, Taxus baccata. 
 
 YLECH, Ilech. 
 
 YLIATBR, Ilech. 
 
 YOLK, see Ovum. 
 
 YOUTH, Adolescence. 
 
 YOPON, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 YPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossns. 
 
 YRIDES, Orpiment. 
 
 YSAM'BRA, Pedigam'hra. An ancient Spa- 
 nish poison, of which hellebore formed the great- 
 est part. 
 
 YUCCA, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 Y-WER-A, see Spirit. 
 
 z. 
 
 ZACCHARUM, Saccharum. 
 ZAEL, Borosail. 
 ZAFFRAN, Crocus • 
 ZAMBO, see Mulatto. 
 
 ZAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA, see Arrowroot— z. 
 Pumila. se-e Arrowroot. 
 
 ZANNA. A kind of Armenian bole, used by 
 
 the ancients as a desiccative. It was also called 
 Zarnachci. 
 
 ZANTHORRHIZA APIIFOLIA, Xanthor- 
 rhiza apiifolia. 
 
 ZANTHOXYLUM CLAVA HERCULIS, Xan- 
 thoxyluni clava Heveulis. 
 
 ZAPANIA NODIFLORA, Anacoluppa. 
 
ZARNACHA 
 
 925 
 
 ZINCI 
 
 ZARlSrACHA, Zanna. 
 
 ZARSA, Sniilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 ZARZAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 ZEA MAYS, Z. vulga're, Ilays zea seu Ameri- 
 ca'im, Hays, Indian Corn, Corn, Turkey Wheat, 
 3Iaize, Ador, Indian Wheat, (F.) Blais, Graine 
 de Tiirquie, BIS d'Inde, Ble d'Espagne, Ble 
 d'Ttalie, Ble do Turquie. A native of America, 
 and mucli used over the ■whole of the continent 
 as an article of diet. It is ground for the same 
 purposes as wheat, and forms an excellent bread. 
 
 ZEDOAIRE BOND, Ksempferia rotunda. 
 
 ZEDOARIA, Ksempferia rotunda — z. Longa, 
 see Kffimpferia — z. Rotunda, see Ksempferia. 
 
 ZEDOARY, Ktempferia rotunda. 
 
 ZBLOSIS, Zelotypia. 
 
 ZELOTYP'IA, from ^ri^o^, 'love,' and -rviro?, 
 'form,' 'model;' Zelo'sis. It has been proposed 
 to apply this name to the violent mental affection 
 produced by the acknowledged or presumed infi- 
 delity of a beloved object; and to the conse- 
 quences of such affection; — melancholy, mania, 
 &c. 
 
 ZEMA, Decoction. 
 
 ZEN'ICOjST, ^sviKov. Ancient name of a Keltic 
 poison, used for poisoning arrows. 
 
 ZEPHACH, Peritoneum. 
 
 ZERMA, Zerna. 
 
 ZERNA, Zerma. Amongst the barbarous La- 
 tin writers it signified ulcerated impetigo, Impeti'- 
 go ulcera' ta, 
 
 ZERUMBET, Cassumuniar. 
 
 ZESIS, Effervescence, Decoction. 
 
 ZEST, see Citrus medica, 
 
 ZESTOLUSIA, Bath, hot. 
 
 ZIBEB^, see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 ZIBETHUM, Civetta. 
 
 ZIGNITES, Zingrites. 
 
 ZINC, Zinciim, Zinhum, Speltrum, Speanter, 
 Tutenag, Zinehum, Zint, Stannnm In'dicum. Per- 
 haps formed etymologically from (G.) Zin, 'Tin.' 
 A metal obtained from calamine and blende. Its 
 colour is bluish-white ; lustre of the fresh surface 
 considerable, but soon dulled, from the facility 
 with which it oxidates ; hard ; texture striated. 
 S. g. 7.190. Melts at 700° Fah., burns with a 
 bipght flame in a higher temperature, and is vo- 
 latilized in the form of a white, flocculent oxyd. 
 Its use, in medicine, is in the formation of the 
 following preparations. 
 
 ZING, ACETATE BE, Zinci acetas— z. But- 
 ter of, Zinci chloridum — z. Chloride of, Zinci 
 ehloridum — z. Ohlorure de, Zinci chloridum — z. 
 Ferrohydrocyanate of, Zinci cyanuretum — z. 
 Flowers of, Zinci oxydum — z. Hydrocyanate of, 
 Zinci cyanuretum — z. Iodide of, Zinci lodidum 
 • — z. loduret of, Zinci lodidum. 
 
 Zinc and Morph'ia, Double I'odide of. (F.) 
 lodure double de Zinc et de 3forphine, This salt 
 is prepared by boiling iodide of iodhydrate of 
 moriMa loith loater and zinc, after they have acted 
 on each other for some days ; filtering and crys- 
 tallizing. It is considered to combine the pro- 
 perties of morphia and the salts of zinc, and has 
 been prescribed as an anodyne and antispasmodic. 
 Dose, a quarter of a grain. 
 
 ZING, OXIDE DE, Zinci oxydum— z. Oxyd 
 of, Zinci oxydum. 
 
 Zinc and Strtdi'nia, Double I'odide op. 
 This salt is prepared by digesting for several 
 days in hot water, iodide of iodhydrate of strych- 
 nia and zinc; filtering and crystallizing. It has 
 been proposed in the same cases as strychnia. 
 
 ZINC, SULFATE DE, Zinci sulphas— z. Sul- 
 phate of, Zinci Sulphas — z. Valerianate of, Zinci 
 Valerianas. 
 
 ZINCHUM, Zineum. 
 
 ZINCI ACE'TAS, Ac"etate of Zinc, (F.) Ad- 
 tnte de Zinc. (Plumhi acet. Ibj, zinc, gmnnl. 
 5ix, aqncB destillat. Oiij. Dissolve the acetate 
 of lead in the water, and filter. Add the zinc to 
 the solution, and agitate them occasionally to- 
 gether, in a stopped bottle, for five or six hours, 
 or until the liquid yields no precipitate, with a 
 solution of iodide of potassium. Filter the liquor, 
 evaporate it with a moderate heat to one-fifth, 
 and set it aside to crystallize. Pour off the 
 liquid, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper. 
 
 Should the crystals be coloured, dissolve them 
 in distilled water, and having heated the solu- 
 tion, drop into it, while hot, a filtered solution of 
 chlorinated lime, until it ceases to let fall sesqui- 
 oxide of iron ; filter the liquor, acidulate it with 
 a few drops of acetic acid, evaporate, and crys- 
 tallize.— PA. U. S.) 
 
 Frequently used to form a gently astringent 
 wash in ophthalmia and other local inflamma- 
 tions; and as an injection in gonorrhoea. 
 
 Zinci Caebonas Impurus, Calamina. 
 
 Zinci Car'bonas Pr^cipita'tos, Precip'itated 
 carbonate of Zinc. [Zinci sulphat., sodcB carbonat. 
 aa ft)j ; aq. hidlient. cong. Dissolve the sulphate 
 of zinc and carbonate of soda respectively in Oiv 
 of water. Mix the solutions; stir, and set the 
 mixture by, that the powder may subside. Having 
 poured off the liquid, wash the precipitated car- 
 bonate of zinc with hot water, until the fluid of 
 the washings is nearly tasteless, and dry with a 
 gentle heat. — Ph. U. S.) Used to prepare the 
 Zinzi oxidum. 
 
 Zinci Carbonas Pe^paratus, Calamina prce- 
 parata. 
 
 Zinci Chlo'ridum, Z. chlorure'tum, Zincitm 
 chlora'tum, Z. muriat'icitm {oxydatnm), Chloride 
 or Chloruret of Zinc, Butter of Zinc, (F.) Chlo- 
 rure de Zinc. (Zinc, in frustulis, 3ijss; acid, 
 nitric, creta prcBparat. aa ^j ; acid, muriat. q. a. 
 To the zinc, in the porcelain vessel, add gradually 
 sufficient muriatic acid to dissolve it ; strain, add 
 the nitric acid, and evaporate to dryness. Dis- 
 solve the dry mass in water, add the chalk, allow 
 the mixture to stand for 24 hours, filter, and 
 again evaporate to dryness. — Ph. U. S.) It is 
 very deliquescent in the air, forming the Butter 
 of Zinc, Buty'rum Zinci. 
 
 Chloride of Zinc is a powerful eseharotic, and 
 has been lately employed as an eil'ective anti- 
 septic. 
 
 Zinci Chloruretum, Z. chloridum. 
 
 Zinci Cyanure'tum, Hydrocy'anas Zinci, Zin- 
 eum Cyanogena'tum, Z. Borus'sicum, Z. Zobticum, 
 Hydrocy'anate of Zinc. This salt is formed by 
 adding sulphate of zinc to hydrocyanate of po- 
 tassa so long as any precipitate is thrown down. 
 AVhen dried and calcined at a low heat, the pro- 
 duct is a mixture of cyanuret of zinc and of po- 
 tassium. It has been recommended in nervous 
 cardialgia. Dose, from one-sixteenth to one- 
 twelfth of a grain. 
 
 It is chiefly used as a caustic ; one part of the 
 chloride being mixed with four, three, or two 
 parts of flour, according to the desired strength, 
 and a few drops ef water being added to form a 
 
 Zinci Ferrohydrocy'anas, Cyanure'tum Fer- 
 rozin'cicum, Zineum Ferrohydrocyan'icum, Ferro- 
 hydrocyanate of Zinc. Made by the mutual de- 
 composition of boiling-hot solutions of sulphate 
 of zinc and ferrocyanate of potassa. It has been 
 recommended in the same cases as the last pre- 
 paration. 
 
 Zinci Hydrocyanas, Zinci cyanuretum. 
 
 Zinci Iod'idum, Z. lodure'imn, Zineum loda' ■■ 
 turn, lode'tum Zinci seu Zin'cicum, Proto'iodure' • 
 turn Zinci, I'odide or lod'nret of Zitic. This salt 
 
ZINCUM 
 
 926 
 
 ZOONOMIA 
 
 is made hj boiling together iodine and zinc to 
 dryness, and subliming. An ointment, composed 
 of a drachm to an ounce of lard, has been used 
 in cases where the external use of iodide of po- 
 tassium is indicated. 
 
 ZiNCi loDURETDM, Z. lodidum — z. Nix, Zinci 
 oxydum. 
 
 Zinci Ox'tdto, Zincum caleina'tum, Oxyd of 
 Zinc, Floicera of Zinc, Nihil Album, Lana Pki- 
 losojiho'rum, L. Philosoph'ica, Nix Zinci, Nihil 
 Gris'eum, Potn'pholi/x, (F.) Oxide de Zinc. (Pro- 
 cured by burning zinc in a long, deep, crucible, 
 placed so as to collect the sublimate. Also, by 
 exposing the precipitate thrown down fi'om a so- 
 lution of sulphate of zinc by carbonate of ammo- 
 nia to a strong heat, so as to drive off the car- 
 bonic acid. — Ph. U. S.) It is tonic and antispas- 
 modic; externally, detergent and desiccative. 
 Employed in epilepsy, chorea, &c. For its ex- 
 ternal use, see Ung. Zinci. 
 
 Zinci Oxydum Impdrum, Tutia, 
 Zinci Sulphas, Sulphate of Zinc, Zincum Vit- 
 riola'tum, Vitrio'lum Album, White Vitriol, V. 
 Goslarien'se, V. Zinci, Sulphas Zin'cicum, Gilla 
 Vitrioli, Gilla Theophras'ti, SalVomito'riumVit- 
 rioli, Chalcan'thum Album, White Copperas, Sal 
 Vitrioli, (F.) Sulfate de Zinc. {Zinc, in frustul. 
 ^iv; acid, sulphuric. §vj ; aqucB destillat. Oiv. 
 To the zinc and water, previously introduced into 
 a glass vessel, add by degrees the sulphuric acid, 
 and, when the effervescence shall have ceased, 
 filter the solution through paper; then boil it 
 down till a ]pelliele begins to form, and set aside 
 to crystallize. — Ph. U. S.) The sulphate of zinc 
 is inodorous ; taste, styptic. It is in white, semi- 
 transparent, eflEloreseent crystals ; soluble in three 
 parts of water at 60°. It is emetic, tonic, anti- 
 spasmodic, and, externally, astringent. A nos- 
 trum, sold under the name Antipertus'sis, and, as 
 its title imports, given in hooping-cough, con- 
 tains this salt as its chief ingredient. It is emetic. 
 Dose, as an emetic, gr. x to ^ss ; as a tonic, gr. j 
 to ij. Used externally as a collyrium, gr. j to 
 water f§j. 
 
 Zinci Valeria'nAS, Vale'rianate of Zinc, A salt 
 formed by saturating valei'ianic acid with freshly 
 prepared carbonate of zinc. It is in pure white, 
 pearly scales, and has been recommended as a 
 tonic in neuralgic diseases, epilepsy, &c. The 
 dose is one or two grains several times a day. 
 
 ZINCUM, Zinc — z. Borussicum, Zinci eyanu- 
 retum — z. Calcinatum, Zinci oxydum — z. Chlora- 
 tum, Zinci chloridum — z. Cyanogenatum, Zinci 
 cyanuretum — z. Ferrohydrocyanicum, Zinci fer- 
 rohydrocyanas — z. lodatum, Zinci iodidum — z. 
 Muriaticum, Zinci chloridum — z. Vitriolatum, 
 Zinci sulphas — z. Zooticum, Zinci cyanuretum. 
 
 ZINGIBER, Amomum zingiber — z. Cassumu- 
 niar, see Cassumuniar — z. Cliffordia, see Cassu- 
 muniar — z. Germanicum, Arum maculatum — z. 
 Officinale, Amomum zingiber — z. Purpureum, see 
 Cassumuniar — z. Spurium, see Cassumuniar — z. 
 Zerumbet, see Cassumuniar. 
 ZINGIBERIN, Piperoid. 
 ZINGRI'TES, Zigni'tea. A stone, resembling 
 glass ; to which the ancients attributed marvel- 
 lous properties. 
 
 ZINKUM, Zincum. 
 ZINT, Zincum. 
 
 ZINZIBER, Amomum zingiber. 
 ZIPHAC, Peritonseum. 
 
 ZIRBUS, Epiploon — z. Adipinus, Epiploon, 
 gastro-colic. 
 
 ZIZA'NIA AQUAT'ICA, Wild Rice; called 
 by tne Indians, Menomene, grows abundantly on 
 \ho marshy margins of the northern lakes and 
 waters of the upper branches of the Mississippi, 
 'the grain resembles oatz. It furnishes the north- 
 
 ern savages and the Canadian traders and hunt- 
 ers with their annual supplies of grain. 
 ZIZYPIIUM, Jujube, 
 
 ZIZYPHUS JUJUBA, see Jujube— z. Nitida, 
 see Jujube — z. Sativa, see Jujube — z. Sylvestris, 
 see Jujube. 
 
 ZOA'GRIA, from ^lan, 'life,' and aypi^oi, '1 
 catch up.' The saving and preservation of life. 
 Zoiisis. A reward for preserving life ; Soetrum. 
 A votive offering hung up in the temples for life 
 saved. 
 
 ZOANTHRO'PIA, MelanchoVia so'dnthro'pia, 
 from ^(i)ov, 'an animal,' and av&p(Dnog, 'a man.' 
 A species of monomania, in which the patient 
 believes himself transformed into an animal. 
 Lycanthropia and cynanthropia belong to this 
 species of monomania. 
 ZOARA, Insomnia. 
 ZOE, Life. 
 
 ZOGRAPHIA, Zoographia. 
 Z 01 ATRIA, Veterinary art. 
 ZOIATRUS, Hippiater. 
 ZOMIDIUM, Jus. 
 ZOMOS, Consommi, Jus. 
 
 ZONA, Herpes zoster — z. Castitatis, Hymen 
 — z. Ciliaris, Ciliary zone — z. Ignea, Herpes 
 zoster. 
 
 Zona Pellu'oida, Oolem'ma pellu'cidum, Vi- 
 tellary membrane, (F.) Vitelline, Membrane vitel- 
 line. The membrane that surrounds the yolk in 
 the mammalia is so called on account of its thick- 
 ness and peculiar transparency. 
 
 Zona Sebpiginosa, Herpes zoster — z. Virgi- 
 nitatis. Hymen. 
 
 Zona Tendino'sa. The whitish circle around 
 the auriculo-ventricular orifice of the right side 
 of the heart. 
 
 ZONE, Cingulum. 
 
 ZONULA CILIARIS, see Ciliary, and CHiary 
 zone — z. Cochlese, see Lamina spiralis — z. Hil- 
 dani, Cingulum Hildani — z. Zinnii, see Ciliary. 
 ZOOCHEMIA, Chymistry, animal. 
 ZOOCHEM'ICAL, Zoochym'ical, Zodchem'icua 
 seu Zooehym'icus. Appertaining or having rela- 
 tion to animal chymistry. 
 
 ZOOCHEMY, Chymistry, animal. 
 ZOOCHYMY, Chymistry, animal. 
 ZOOGENIUM, Azote. 
 
 Z00G"ENY, Zoogen'ia, Zobgen'esis, from ^loov, 
 'animal,' and yevtci;, 'generation.' The doctrine 
 of animal formation. 
 
 Z O G'R APHY, Zoogra'pMa, Zogra'ph ia, from 
 ^u>ov, 'an animal,' and ypafpn, 'a description.' A 
 description of animals. The natural history of 
 animals. 
 
 ZOOHEMATINE, Hsematine. 
 ZOOHY'LAS, from ^uov, 'an animal,' and 'vXi?, 
 'matter.' Animal matter. 
 
 ZOOHY'LICA CONCREMEN'TA. Concre- 
 tions formed of animal matter. 
 ZOOIASIS, Veterinary art. 
 ZOOL'OGIST, Zoologis'ta, Zool'ogus, from 
 ^<i)ov, 'an animal,' and Xoyof, 'description.' One 
 skilled in the natural history of animals. 
 
 ZOOL'OGY, Zoolof/"ia. Same etymon. The 
 natural history of animals. 
 
 ZOOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animaL 
 ZOOMYCUS, Mucus. 
 ZOOMYXA, Mucus. 
 ZOON, Animal. 
 
 ZiOOl!iOM'l A, Organozo'6nom'ia,Zoon'omi/ 'from 
 ^wov, '.an animal,' and vojao;, 'law.' The laws 
 which govern the organic actions of animals in 
 general: — Animal Physiol'ogy, Zoo2}hysiolog"ia. 
 
ZOONOSOLOGIA 
 
 927 
 
 ZTTHUS 
 
 ZOOXOSOLOG"IA, from ^ojov, 'an animaV 
 voaog, ' a dise<ase,' and \oyoi, ' description.' The 
 nosology of animals. 
 
 Z06pATH0L0G"IA, from ^uov, 'an animal,' 
 vaOog, 'a disease/ and Xoyos, *a description.' The 
 pathology of animals. 
 
 ZOOPH'AGOUS, Zodph'agxis, (P.) Zo'opTiage. 
 from ^uiov, ' an animal, and ^ayoj, ' I eat.' Feed- 
 ing on animals. Carnivorous. 
 
 ZOOPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia. 
 
 ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA, Physiology, animal, Zo- 
 onomia. 
 
 ZO'OPHTTE, Zooph'ytum, Phytozo'dn, Animal 
 plant, from ^uov, 'an animal,' and (pvrov, 'a plant.' 
 A name given to the lowest class of animals, 
 which seem to form the transition between the 
 animal and the vegetable kingdoms. 
 
 ZOOSIS, Animation, Zoagria. 
 
 ZOOSPERMATA, Spermatozoa. 
 
 Z06SPER2IES, Spermatozoa. 
 
 ZOOTHAP'SIS, from ^uiy, 'life,' and 0a7rra), 'I 
 inter.' Burial alive. Premature interment. 
 
 ZOOT'OMIST, Zootom'icus. Same etymon as 
 the next. One who dissects animals. 
 
 ZOOT'OMY, Zootom'ia, from fwov, ' an animal,' 
 and Tcixviji, 'I cut.' Theriot'omy, Anatom'ia ajii- 
 ma'lis seu ccmparati'va seu compara'td, Compar'- 
 ative Anatomy. The anatomy of animals. Ani- 
 mal anatomy. 
 
 ZOPISSA, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 ZOPYRON, Fomites. 
 
 ZOSTER, Herpes zoster. 
 
 ZOSTERA MARINA, Pila marina — z. Mari- 
 tima, Pila marina. 
 
 ZOZAR, Saccharum. 
 
 ZITCARO, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCCARUM, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCHAR. Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCHARUM, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCHRA, Saccharum. 
 
 ZULAPIUM, Julep. 
 
 ZYGAPOPHYSES, see Vertebrae. 
 
 ZYGOMA, Malffi os. 
 
 ZYGOMAT'IC, Zygomat'icus, Juga'Us, Jugal. 
 That which relates to the zygoma or cheek-bone. 
 
 Zygomatic Arch, see Zygomatic process — z. 
 Bone, Malaj os. 
 
 Zygomatic Fossa is the space included between 
 the posterior margin of the outer ala of the pte- 
 rygoid process, and the crista which descends 
 from the malar tuberosity to the superior alveolar 
 margin. 
 
 Zygomatic Muscles are two in number. 1. 
 Zygomat'icus major, Distort'or Oris, (F.) Zyjo- 
 mato-lahial (Ch.), Muscle grand gygomatiqiie, 
 which is situate obliquely at the fore-part and 
 sides of the face. It is a small, rounded muscle; 
 arises from the outer surface of the os malse, and 
 is inserted at the commissure of the lips, which 
 it raises and draws outwards. It acts principally 
 in laughing. 2. Zygomat'icus minor, (F.) Petit 
 Zygomato-lahial (Ch.), Petit Zygomatique, does 
 not always exist. It is situate on the inner side 
 of the last ; arises from the outer surface of the 
 OS malee, and is inserted at the corner of the 
 mouth, or rather into the upper lip, which it 
 raises and draws outwards. 
 
 Zygomatic Process, Proces'sns zygomat'icus, 
 Apoph'ysis Zygoniat'ica, Malar 2^^'ocesB, Jugal 
 process, arises from the outer surface of the tem- 
 poral bone by two roots, one of which is trans- 
 verse, (Condyle du tempioral, Ch.,) and the other 
 longitudinal : between them is the glenoid cavity. 
 The process passes forwards, and is articulated 
 with the posterior angle of the os malas, with 
 which it forms a bony bridge, called the Zygo- 
 mat'ic arch, Pars zygomat'icus, Arcus zygomat'- 
 icus, (F.) Arcade Zygomatique. The cavity, be- 
 neath this bridge, is sometimes called Zygo'ma. 
 
 Zygomatic Suture is placed between the zy- 
 gomatic parts of the temi^oral and cheek bones ; 
 and slants obliquely downwards and backwards. 
 
 ZYGOMATIQUE GRAND, Zygomaticus ma- 
 jor — z. Petit, Zygomaticus minor. 
 
 ZYG03rAT0-LABIAL, Zygomaticus major 
 — z. Labial, petit, Zygomaticus major — z. Maxil- 
 laire, Masseter — z. Oriculaire, Anterior auris. 
 
 ZYGOPHYL'LUM FABA'GO,(F.) Fahagelle. 
 A Syrian and Mauritanic plant, possessed of an 
 acrid and bitter tasts. It has vermifuge properties. 
 The Arabs believe that the recently expressed 
 juice of Zygo2')hyllum simplex, is capable of re- 
 moving specks from the cornea. 
 
 ZYMA, Ferment. 
 
 ZYMOMA, Ferment. 
 
 ZYMOSIS, Fermentation, see Zymotic. 
 
 ZYMOT'IC, Zymot'icus, from ^ujmoo), 'to fer- 
 ment.' An epithet proposed for any epidemic, 
 endemic, or contagious affection. Zymosis ia 
 used to signify such an affection. 
 
 ZYTHOGALA, Posset. 
 
 ZYTHUM, Cerevisia. 
 . ZYTHUS, Cerevisia. 
 
 THE END. 
 
CATALOGUE 
 
 OP 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S 
 MEDICAL MD SURGICAL PUBLICITIOM 
 
 TO THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
 
 In submitting the following catalogue of our publications in medicine and the 
 collateral sciences, we beg to remark that no exertions are spared to render the issues 
 of our press worthy a continuance of the confidence which they have thus far enjoyed 
 both as regards the high character of the works themselves, and in respect to every 
 point of typographical accuracy, and mechanical and artistical execution. G-entlemen 
 desirous of adding to their libraries from our list, can in almost all cases procure the 
 works they wish from the nearest bookseller, who can readily order any which 
 may not be on hand; and who, as well as ourselves, will be happy to answer any 
 inquiries as to price, &c. 
 
 Philadelphia, March, 1856. 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA. 
 
 TWO MEDICAL PERIODICALS, FREE OF POSTAGE, 
 
 FOM FIVE BOElfAIlS FEM AI¥]\UM. 
 
 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, subject to 
 
 postage, when not paid for in advance, - - - - - - -$5 00 
 
 THE MEDICAL NEWS AND LIBRARY, invariably in advance, - - 1 00 
 or, BOTH PERIODICALS fumished, free of postage, for Five Dollars remitted 
 in advance. 
 
 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, 
 Edited by ISAAC HAYS, M. D., 
 
 is published Quarterly, on the first of January, April, July, and October. Each number contains 
 at least two hundred and eighty large octavo pages, handsomely and appropriately illustrated, 
 wherever necessary. It has now been issued regularly for more than thirty- fi\t; years, and it has 
 been under the control of the present editor for more than a quarter of a century. Throu°-hout 
 this long period, it has maintained its position in the highest ranli of medical periodicals both at home 
 and abroad, and has received the cordial support of the entire profession in this country. Its list of 
 Collaborators will be found to contain a large number of the most distinguished names of the pro- 
 tession in every section of the United States, rendering the department devoted to 
 
 ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS 
 
 full of varied and important matter, of great interest to all practitioners. 
 
 As the aim of the Journal, however, is to combine the advantages presented by all the different 
 varieties of periodicals, in its 
 
 REVIEW DEPARTMENT 
 
 will be found extended and impartial reviews of all important new works, presenting subjects of 
 novelty and interest, together with very numerous 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES, 
 
 including nearly all the medical publications of the day, both in this country and Great Britain, with 
 a choice selection of the more important continental works. This is followed by the 
 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 QUARTERLY SUMMARY, 
 
 being a very full and complete abstract, methodically arranged, of the 
 
 IMPROVEMENTS AKD DISCOVERIES IN THE MEDICAL SCIENCES. 
 
 This department of the Journal, so important to the practising physician, is the object of especial 
 care on the part of the editor. It is classified and arranged under different heads, thus facilitating 
 the researches of the reader in pursuit of particular subjects, and will be found to present a very 
 full and accurate digest of all observations, discoveries, and inventions recorded in every branch of 
 medical science. The very extensive arrangements of the publishers are such as to afford to the 
 editor complete materials for this purpose, as he not only regularly receives 
 
 ALL THE AMERICAN MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PERIODICALS, 
 
 but also twenty or thirty of the more important Journals issued in Great Britain and on the Conti- 
 nent, thus enalDling him to present in a convenient compass a thorough and complete abstract of 
 everything interesting or important to the physician occurring in any part of the civilized world. 
 
 An evidence of the success which has attended these efforts may be found in the constant and 
 steady increase in the subscription li^t, which renders it advisable for gentlemen desiring the 
 Journal, to make known their wishes at an early day, in order to secure a year's set with certainty, 
 the publishers having frequently been unable to supply copies when ordered late in the year. To 
 their old subscribers, many of whom have been on their list for twenty or thirty years, the publish- 
 ers leel that no promises are necessary; but those who may desire for the first time to subscribe, 
 can rest assured that no exertion will be spared to maintain the Journal in the high position which 
 it has occupied for so long a period. 
 
 By reference to the terms it will be seen that, in addition to this large amount of valuable and 
 practical information on every branch of medical science, the subscriber, by paying in advance, 
 becomes entitled, without further charge, to 
 
 THE MEDICAL NEWS AND LIBRARY, 
 
 a monthly periodical of thirty-two large octavo pages. Its "News Department" presents the 
 current information of the day, while the "Library Department" is devoted to presenting stand- 
 ard v/orks on various branches of medicine. Within a few years, subscribers have thus received, 
 without expense, the following works which have passed through its columns: — 
 WATSON'S LECTURES ON THE PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. 
 BRODIE'S CLINICAL LECTURES ON SURGERY. 
 TODD AND BOWMAN'S PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MAN. 
 
 724 pages, with numerous wood-cuts, being all that has yet appeared in England. 
 WEST'S LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD. 
 MALGAIGNE'S OPERATIVE SURGERY, with wood-cuts. 
 SIMON'S LECTURES ON GENERAL PATHOLOGY. 
 BENNETT ON PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, with wood-cuts, and 
 WEST ON ULCERATION OF THE OS UTERI. 
 
 While the year 1855, presents 
 BROWN ON THE SURGICAL DISEASES OF FEMALES. 
 
 HANDSOMELY ILLUSTRATED ON WOOD, 
 
 Which will be continued and completed in 1856. 
 The diseases treated in this volume have hitherto not received from writers of systematic 
 works the attention to which their importance entitles them. In treatises on female diseases they 
 have been but little noticed, as belonging more properly to the surgeon, while our surgical text-books 
 have in like manner referred them to the writer on midwifery and female affections. In supplying 
 this palpable vacancy in medical literature, Mr. Brown has brought to his subject the result of 
 many years of observation and experience, and his labors will prove of much value to all practi- 
 tioners. The publishers therefore flatter themselves that in securing this volume for the " Library 
 Department" of the " Medical News" they will meet the wishes of their numerous subscri- 
 bers, who will thus receive this highly important work {ree of all expense. 
 
 It will thus be seen that for the small sum of FIVE DOLLARS, paid in advance, the subscriber 
 will obtain a Quarterly and a Monthly periodical, 
 
 EMBRACING ABOUT FIFTEEN HUNDRED LARGE OCTAVO PAGES, 
 
 mailed to any part of the United States, free of postage. 
 
 These very favorable terms are now presented by the publishers with the view of removing all 
 difficulties and objections to a full and extended circulation of the Medical Journal to the office of 
 every member of the profession throughout the United Stales. The rapid extension of mail facili- 
 ties will now place the numbers before subscribers with a certainty and dispatch not heretofore 
 attainable; while by the system now proposed, every subscrilier throughout the Union is placed 
 upon an equal footing, at the very reasonable price of Five Dollars for two periodicals, without 
 
 further expense. . . . , , , . , - • ^ t-- 
 
 Those subscribers who do not pay in advance will bear in mind that their subscription o( b ive 
 Dollars will entitle them to the Journal only, without the News, and that they will be at the expense 
 of their own postage on the receipt of each number. The advantage of a remittance when order- 
 ing the Journal will thus be apparent. 
 
 As tiie Medical News and Library is in no case sent without advance payment, its subscribers 
 will alwnys receive it free of postage. 
 
 It should also be borne in mind that the publishers will now take the risk of remittances by mail, 
 when the letter inclosing the amount is registered under the new Postage Act, and the Post- 
 master's certificate of inclosure retained, to be forwarded in cases of loss. 
 
 Address BLANCHARD & LEA, Philadelphia. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 ALLEN (J. M.), M. D., 
 Professor of Anatomy in the Pennsylvania Medical College, &c. 
 
 THE PRACTICAL ANATOMIST; or, The Student's Guide iu the Dissecting- 
 
 ROOM. With over 200 illustrations. In one handsome roj^al r2mo. volume. {Novj Ready.) 
 In the arrang-ement of this work the author has endeavored to present a complete and thoron<^h 
 course of dissections in a clearer and more available form tor practical use in the dissectino--rooni, 
 than has as yet been accomplished. His long- experience as a teacher of anatomy has oiven him a 
 familiarity with the wants of students, and has shown him the best modes of obviating or relieving'- 
 ttie difhcolties which present themselves in the progress of dissection. As adapted to the course 
 pursued in our colleges, and conlainiiig ample practical directions and instructions, in addition to 
 the anatomical details presented, it possesses claims to the immediate attention of teachers and 
 students. It will appear in time for the Fall session of the present year. 
 
 ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM 
 
 OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, containing Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, Midwifery, 
 Chemistry, Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Practice of Medicine. By John Neill, M. D. 
 and F. G Smith, M. D. Second and^nlarged edition, one thick volume royal 12mo. 'of over 
 1000 pages, with 350 illustrations. 13^ See Neill. 
 
 ABEL (F. A.), F. C. S. 
 
 Professor of Chemistry in the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. 
 
 C. L. BLOXAM, 
 
 Formerly First Assistant at the Royal College of Chemistry. 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY, Theoretical, Practical, and Technical, with a 
 
 Recommendatory Preface by Dr. HoFitfANN. In one large octavo volume of 662 pages, with 
 illustrations. {Just Issued.) 
 
 It must be understood that this is a work fitted for ' eessary, with such manipulatory details as rendered 
 the earnest student, who resolves to pursue for him- I Faraday's ' Chemical Manipulations' so valuable at 
 
 self a steady search into the chemical mysteries of 
 creation. For such a student the ' Handbook' will 
 prove an excellent guide, since he will find in it, 
 not merely the approved modes of analytical investi- 
 gation, but most descriptions of the apparatus ne- 
 
 the time of its publication. Beyond tliis, the im- 
 portance of the work is increased by the introduc- 
 tion of much of the technical chemistry of the manu- 
 factory." — Dr. HofmanrCs Preface. 
 
 ASHWELL (SAMUEL), M. D., 
 
 Obstetric Physician and Lecturer to Guv's Hospital, London. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN. 
 
 Illustrated by Cases derived from Hospital and Private Practice. Third American, from the Third 
 and revised London edition. In one octavo volume, of 528 pages. (Now Ready.) 
 
 book which shows so much patient observation, 
 practical skill, and sound sense.— Briiish and Fo- 
 reign Med. Review. 
 
 With no work are we acquainted, in which the 
 pleasant and the useful are more happily bk-niled. I 
 combines the greatest elegance of style with the 
 most sound and valuable practical information. 
 We feel justified in recommending it, in unqualified 
 terms, to our readers, as a book from which they 
 can scarcely fail to derive both pleasure and im- 
 provement. It is truly a model for medical compo- 
 sitions. — Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 The most useful practical work on the subject in 
 the English language. — Boston Med. and Surg. 
 Jov.rnal. 
 
 The most able, and certainly the most standard 
 and practical, work on female diseases that we have 
 yet.seen. — Medico-C hirurgical Review. 
 
 We commend it to our readers as the best practi- 
 tical treatise on the subject which has yet appeared 
 — London Lancet. 
 
 The young practitioner will find it invaluable, 
 while those who have had most experience will yet 
 find something to learn, and much to commend, in a 
 
 ARNOTT (NEILL), M. D. 
 ELEMENTS OP PHYSICS; or Natural Philosophy, General and Medical. 
 
 Written for universal use, in plain or non-technical language. A new edition, by Isaac Hays, 
 M. D. Complete in one octavo volume, of 484 pages, with about two hundred iliustralions. 
 
 BENNETT (HENRY), M. D. 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS 
 
 ITS CERVIX AND APPENDAGES, and on its connection with Uterine Disease. Fourth 
 American, from the third and revised London edition. In one neat octavo volume, of 430 pages, 
 with wood-cuts. Just Issued.) 
 
 This edition will be found materially improved over its predecessors, the author having carefully 
 revised it, and made considerable additions, amounting to about seventy-five pages. 
 
 This edition has been carefully revised and altered, AVhen, a few years back, the first edition of the 
 and various additions have been made, whicli render j present work was published, the subject was one al- 
 it more complete, and, if possible, more worthy of: most entirely unknown to the obstetrical celebrities 
 tlie high appreciation in which it is held by the | of the day : and even now we have reason to know 
 medical profession throughout the world. A copy , that the bulk of the profession are not fully alive to 
 should be in the possession of every physician.— j the importance and frequency of the disease of which 
 Charleston Med. Journal and Review. it takes cognizance. The present edition is so much 
 
 We are firmly of opinion that in proportion as a ' enlarged, altered, and improved, that it can scarcely 
 knowledge of uterine diseases becomes more appre- ; ^e considered the same work.— Dr. Ranking^s Al>- 
 elated, this work will be proportionably established struct. 
 as a text-book in the profession. — The Lancet. , 
 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 BROWN (ISAAC BAKER), 
 
 Surgeon- Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, &c. 
 
 ON SOME DISEASES OF WOMEN ADMITTING OF SUKGICAL TREAT- 
 MENT. With handsome illustrations. Onevol. 8vo. {At Press.) 
 
 Publisliing in the "Medical News and Library" for 1855 and 1856. See preceding page. 
 
 Mr. Brown has earned for himself a high reputa- 
 tion in the operative treatment of sundry diseHses 
 and injuries to which females are peculiarly subject. 
 We can truly say of his work that it is an important 
 addition to obstetrical literature. The operative 
 suggestions and contrivances which Mr. Brown de- 
 scribes, exhibit much practical sagacity and skill, 
 
 and merit the careful attention of every surgeon- 
 accoucheur. — Association Journal. 
 
 We have no hesitation in recommending this book 
 to the careful attention of all surgeons who make 
 female complaints a part of their study and practic*. 
 — Dublin (Quarterly Journal. 
 
 BENNETT (J, HUGHES), M.D., F. R. S. E., 
 
 Professor of Clinical Medicine in the University of Edinburgh, &.c. 
 
 THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCU- 
 
 LOSIS, and on the Local Medication of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Diseases frequently mistaken 
 for or associated with, Phthisis. In one handsome octavo volume, with beautiiul wood-cuts, 
 pp. 130. (Lately Issued.) 
 
 BILLING (ARCHIBALD), M. D. 
 THE PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINE. Second American, from the Fifth and 
 
 Improved London edition. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, 250 pages. 
 
 BLAKISTON (PEYTON), M. D., F. R. S., &c. 
 PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS ON CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE 
 
 CHEST, and on the Principles of Auscultation. In one volume, 8vo., pp. 384. 
 
 BURROWS (GEORGE), M. D. 
 ON DISORDERS OF THE CEREBRAL CIRCULATION, and on the Con- 
 nection between the Affections of the Brain and Diseases of the Heart. In one 8vo. vol., with 
 colored plates, pp. 216. 
 
 BUDD (GEORGE), M. D., F. R. S., 
 
 Professor of Medicine in King's College, London. 
 
 ON DISEASES OF THE LIVER. Second American, from the second and 
 
 enlaro-ed London edition. In one very handsome octavo volume, with four beautifully colored 
 plates, and numerous wood-cuts. pp. 468. New edition. {Lately Issiied.) 
 The full digest we have given of the new matter 
 introduced into the present volume, is evidence of 
 the value we place on it. The fact that the profes- 
 sion has required a second edition of a monograph 
 Buch as that before us, bears honorable testimony 
 to its usefulness. For many years. Dr. Budd's 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Just Ready.) 
 
 ON THE ORGANIC DISEASES AND FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF 
 
 THE STOMACH. In one neat octavo volume. 
 
 "While special treatises have been multiplying upon almost all the different classes of diseases, there 
 has long been felt the want of an authoritative work on the disorders of the stomach, which con- 
 stitute, perhaps, a larger proportion of the daily practice of the physician than any other class of 
 maladies. To supply this want has been the object of the author, and his reputation is an ample 
 guarantee of the value of his labors. 
 
 work must be the authority of the great mass of 
 British practitioners on the hepatic diseases ; and it 
 is satisfactory that the subject has been taken up by 
 so able and experienced a physician. — British and 
 Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
 
 From the high position occupied by Dr. Budd as 
 a teacher, a writer, and a practitioner, it is almost 
 needless to state that the present book may be con- 
 sulted with great advantage. It is written m an easy 
 style, the .subjects are well arranged, and the practial 
 
 precepts, both of diagnosis and treatment, denote 
 the character of a thoughtful and experienced phy- 
 sician. — London Med. Times and Gazette, December, 
 1855. 
 
 BUSHNAN (J. S.), M. D. 
 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE LIFE; a Popular 
 
 Treatise on the Functions and Phenomena of Organic Life. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume, 
 with over one hundred illustrations, pp. 234. 
 
 BIRD (GOLDING), A. M., M. D., 8i.c. 
 URINARY DEPOSITS: THEIR DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, AND 
 
 THERAPEUTICAL INDICATIONS. A new and enlarged American, from the last improved 
 London edition. With over sixty illustrations. In one royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, pp. 372. 
 
 It can scarcely be necessary for us to say anything 
 of the merits of this well-known Treatise, which so 
 admiralily brings into practical application the re- 
 sults of those microscopical and chemical researches 
 regarding the physiology and pathology of the uri- 
 nary secretion, which have contributed so much to 
 the increase of our diagnostic powers, and to the 
 
 extension and satisfactory employment of our thera- 
 peutic resources. In the preparation of this new 
 edition of his work, it is obvious that Dr. Golding 
 Bird has spared no pains to render it a faithful repre- 
 sentation of the present state of scientific knowledga 
 on the subject it embraces. — The British and Foreign 
 Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY; being an Experimental Intro- 
 duction to the Physical Sciences. Illustrated with nearly four hundred wood-cuts. From the 
 third London editioa. In one neat volume, royal 12mo. pp. 402. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 BARTLETT (ELISHA), M. D. 
 THE HISTORY, DIA&NOSIS, AND TliEATMENT OF THE FEVERS 
 
 OF THE UNITED STATES. Third edition, revised and improved. In one octavo volume, 
 of six hundred pages, beautifully printed, and strongly bound. 
 
 Of the value and importance of such a work, it is 
 needless here to speak ; the profession of the United 
 States owe much to the author for the very able 
 volume which he has presented to them, and for the 
 careful and judicious manner in which he has exe- 
 cuted his task. No one volume with which we are 
 acquainted contains so complete a history of our 
 fevers as this. To Dr. Bartlett we owe our best 
 thanks for the very able volume he has given us, as 
 embodying certainly the most complete, methodical, 
 and satisfactory account of our fevers anywhere to 
 be met with.— The Charleston Med. Journal and 
 Review. 
 
 The masterly and elegant treatise, by Dr. Bartlett 
 is invaluable to the American student and practi- 
 tioner. — Dr. Holmes's Re-port to the Nat. Med. Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 'We regard it, from the examination we have made 
 of it, the best work on fevers extant in our language, 
 and as such cordially recommend it to the medical 
 public. — St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 Take it altogether, it is the most complete history 
 of our fevers which has yet been published, and 
 every practitioner should avail himself of its con- 
 tents. — The Western Lancet. 
 
 BUCKLER (T. H.), M. D., 
 
 Formerly Physician to the Baltimore Almshouse Infirmary, &c. 
 
 ON THE ETIOLOaY, PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT OF FIBRO- 
 
 BRONCHITIS AND KHEUMATIC PNEUMONIA. In one 8vo. volume, extra cloth, pp. 150. 
 
 BOWMAN (JOHN E.), M.D. 
 PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF MEDICAL CHEMISTRY. Second Ame- 
 
 rican, from tlie third and revised Engli^^h Edition. In one neat volume, royal 12mo., with nu- 
 merous illustrations, pp. 288. {Now Ready.) 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, INCLUDING ANA- 
 
 Lysis. With numerous illustrations. In one neat volume, royal 12mo. pp.350. 
 
 BARLOW (GEORGE H.), M. D. 
 
 A MANUAL OF THE PRACTICE OP MEDICINE. With Notes and Ad- 
 
 ditions by the American Editor. In one octavo volume. (Now Ready.) 
 
 The position of the author as physician to Guy's Hospital and other large public institutions, is 
 a sufficient guarantee of the extent and value of the experience which is here systematically re- 
 corded and condensed. His aim throughout has been to produce a •practical work, on which the 
 student can rely as a guide, and to which the practitioner can refer with confidence. The additions 
 by the editor comprise chapters on Cerebro-spinal Meningitis, Cholera Infantum, and Yellow Fever, 
 besides numerous notes wherever the diseases or practice of this country seemed to render them 
 necessary or desirable. 
 
 BEALE (LIONEL JOHN), M. R. C. S., &c. 
 THE LAWS OF HEALTH IN RELATION TO MIND AND BODY. 
 
 A Series of Letters from an old Practitioner to a Patient. In one volume, royal 12mo. pp. 296. 
 
 BLOOD AND URINE (MANUALS ON). 
 BY JOHN WILLIAM GRIFFITH, G. OWEN REESE, AND ALFRED 
 
 MARKWICK. One thick volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, with plates, pp. 460. 
 
 BRODIE (SIR BENJAMIN C), M. D., &.c. 
 CLINICAL LECTURES ON SURGERY. 1 vol. 8vo., cloth. 350 pp. 
 
 COLOMBAT DE L'ISERE. 
 A TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF FEMALES, and on the Special 
 
 Hygiene of their Sex. Translated, with many Notes and Additions, by C. D. Meigs, M. D. 
 Second edition, revised and improved. la one large volume, octavo, with numerous wood-cuts. 
 pp. 720. 
 
 The treatise of M. Colombat is a learned and la- 
 borious commentary on these diseases, indicating 
 very considerable research, great accuracy of judg- 
 ment, and no inconsiderable personal experience. 
 With the copious notes and additions of its experi- 
 
 enced and very erudite translator and editor, Dr. 
 Meigs, it presents, probably, one of the most com- 
 plete and comprehensive works on the subject w^e 
 possess. — American Med. Journal. 
 
 CURLING (T. B.), F. R.S., 
 Surgeon to the London Hospital, &c. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE TESTIS, SPERMA- 
 
 TIC CORD, AND SCROTUM. Second American, from the second and enlarged English edi- 
 tion. La one handsome octavo volume, with numerous illustrations. (At Press.) 
 
 COPLAND (JAMES), M. D., F. R. S., &.c. 
 m THE CAUSES, NATURE, AND TREATMENT OF PALSY AND 
 
 APOPLEXY. In one volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp. 326. 
 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 CARPENTER (WILLIAM B.), M. D., F. R. S., &.C., 
 
 Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of London. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOG-Y; with their chief applications to 
 
 Psychology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Hygiene, and Forensic Medicine. A new American, from 
 the last and revised London edition. With nearly three hundred illustrations. Edited, with addi- 
 tions, by Francis Gurney Smith, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsyl- 
 vania Medical College, &c. In one very large and beautiful octavo volume, of about nine hundred 
 large pages, handsomely printed and strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. (Now Ready.) 
 
 The most complete work on the science in our 
 language. — Am. Med. Journal. 
 
 The most complete exposition of physiology which 
 any language can at present give. — Brit, and For. 
 Med.-Chirurg. Kevieiv. 
 
 We have thus adverted to some of the leading 
 "additions and alterations," which have been in- 
 troduced by the author into this edition of his phy- 
 siology. These will be found, however, very far to 
 exceed the ordinary limits of a new edition, " the 
 old materials having been incorporated with the 
 new, rather than the new with the old."_ It now 
 certainly presents the most complete treatise on the 
 subject within the reach of the American reader; 
 and while, for availability as a text-book, we may 
 perhaps regret its growth in bulk, we are sure that 
 the student of physiology will feel the impossibility 
 of presenting a thorough digest of the facts of the 
 science within a more limited compass. — Medical 
 Examiner. 
 
 The greatest, the most reliable, and the best book 
 OB the subject which we know of in the English 
 language. — Stethoscope. 
 
 The most complete work now extant in our lan- 
 guage. — N. O. Med. Register. 
 
 The changes are too numerous to admit of an ex- 
 tended notice in this place. At every point where 
 the recent diligent labors of organic chemists and 
 micrographers have furnished interesting and valu- , 
 
 able facts, they have been appropriated, and no pains ' nouncement of its appearance will afford the highest 
 have been spared, in so incorporating and arranging j pleasure to every student of Physiology, while its 
 them that the work may constitute one harmonious ' perusal will be of infinite service in advancing 
 system. Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. ' physiological science. — Ohio Med. and Surg. Journ. 
 
 The best text-book in the language on this ex- 
 tensive subject. — London Med. Times. 
 
 A complete cyclopcedia of this branch of science. 
 —N. Y. Med. Times. 
 
 The standard of authority on physiological sub- 
 jects. * * * In the present edition, to particularize 
 the alterations and additions ■which have been made, 
 would require a review of the whole work, since 
 scarcely a subject has not been revised and altered, 
 added to, or entirely remodelled to adapt it to the 
 present state of the science. — Charleston Med. Journ. 
 
 Any reader who desires a treatise on physiology 
 may feel himself entirely safe in ordering this. — 
 Western Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 From this hasty and imperfect allusion it -will be 
 seen by our readers that the alterations and addi- 
 tions to this edition render it almost a new work — 
 and we can assure our readers that it is one of the 
 best summaries of the existing facts of physiological 
 science within the reach of the English student and 
 physician. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 The profession of this country, and perhaps also 
 of Europe, have anxiously and for some time awaited 
 the announcement of this new edition of Carpenter's 
 Human Physiology. His former editions have for 
 many years been almost the only text-book on Phy- 
 siology in all our medical schools, and its circula- 
 tion among the profession has been unsurpassed by 
 any work m any department of medical science. 
 
 It is quite unnecessary for us to speak of this 
 work as its merits would justify. The mere an- 
 
 BT THE SAME AUTHOR. {NoW Ready.) 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOaY. New American, from 
 
 the Fourth and Revised London edition. In one large and handsome octavo volume, with over 
 
 three hundred beautiful illustrations, pp. 752. 
 » The delay which has existed in the appearance of this work has been caused by the very thorough 
 revision and remodelling which it has undergone at the hands of the author, and the large number 
 of new illustrations which have been prepared for it. It will, therefore, be found almost a new 
 work, and fully up to the day in every department of the subject, rendering it a reliable text-book 
 for all students engaged in this branch of science. Every eflbrt has been made to render its typo- 
 graphical finish and mechanical execution worthy of its exalted reputation, and creditable to the 
 mechanical arts of this country. 
 
 This book should not only be read but thoroughly 
 studied by every member of the profession. None 
 are too wise or old, to be benefited thereby. But 
 especially to the younger class would we cordially 
 commend it as best fitted of any work in the English 
 language to qualify them for the reception and com- 
 prehension of those truths which are daily being de- 
 veloped in physiology. — Medical Counsellor. 
 
 Without pretending to it, it is an Encyclopedia of 
 the subject, accurate and complete in all respects — 
 a truthful reflection of the advanced state at which 
 the science has now arrived. — Dublin Quarterly 
 Journal of Medical Science. 
 
 A truly magnificent work — in itself a perfect phy- 
 siological study. — Ranking^s Abstract. 
 
 This work stands without its fellow. It is one 
 few men in Europe could have undertaken ; it is one 
 
 no man, w^e believe, could have brought to so suc- 
 cessful an issue as Dr. Carpenter. It required for 
 its production a phj'siologist at once deeply read in 
 the labors of others, capable of taking a general, 
 critical, and unprejudiced view of those labors, and 
 of combining the varied, lieterogeneous mtiterials .-it 
 his disposal, so as to form an liarmonious whole. 
 We feel that this abstract can give the reader a very 
 imperfect idea of the fulness of this work, and no 
 idea of its unity, of the admirable manner in which 
 material has been brought, from the most various 
 sources, to conduce to its completeness, of the lucid- 
 ity of the reasoning it contains, or of the clearness 
 of language in which the whole is clothed. Not the 
 profession only, but the scientific world at large, 
 must feel deeply indebted to Dr. Carpenter for this 
 great work. It must, indeed, add largely even to 
 his high reputation. — Medical Times. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR.. {Preparing.) 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, INCLUDING ORGANIC 
 
 CHEMISTRY AND HISTOLOGV. With a General Sketch of the Vegetable and Animal 
 Kingdom. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, with several hundred illustrations. 
 The subject of general physiology having been omitted in the last edition of the author's "Com- 
 parative Physiology," he has undertaken to prepare a volume which shall present it more tho- 
 roughly and fully than has yet been attempted, and which may be regarded as an introduction to 
 ius other vrorks. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 CARPENTER (WILLIAM B.), M . D., F. R, S., 
 
 Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in tlie University of London. 
 
 ELEMENTS (OR MANUAL) OP PHYSIOLOGY, INCLUDING PHYSIO- 
 LOGICAL ANATOMY. Second American, from a new and revised London edition. With 
 one hundred and ninety illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume, pp. 566. 
 
 In publishing the first edition of this work, its title was altered from that of the London volume, 
 by the substitution of the word "Elements" for that of " Manual," and with the author's sanction 
 the title of " Elements" is still retained as being more expressive of the scope of the treatise. 
 
 To say that it is the best manual of Physiology 
 HOW before the public, would not do sufficient justice 
 to the author. — Buffalo Medical Journal. 
 
 In his former works it would seem that he had 
 exhausted the subject of Physiolog5^ In the present, 
 he gives the essence, as it were, of the whole. — N. Y. 
 Journal of Medicine. 
 
 Those who have occasion for an elementary trea- 
 tise on Physiology, cannot do better than to possess 
 themselves of the manual of Dr. Carpenter. — Medical 
 Examiner. 
 
 The best and most complete expos6 of modern 
 Physiology, in one volume, extant in the English 
 language. — St. Louis Medical Journal. 
 
 With such an aid in his hand, there is no excuse 
 for the ignorance often displayed respecting the sub- 
 jects of which it treats. From its unpretending di- 
 mensions, it may not be so esteemed by those anxious 
 to make a parade of their erudition; but whoever 
 masters its contents will have reason to be proud of 
 his physiological acquirements. The illustrations 
 are well selected and finely executed. — Dublin Med. 
 Press. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Nearly Ready.) 
 
 THE MICROSCOPE AND ITS REVELATIONS. In one handsome volume, 
 
 with several hundred beautiful illustrations. 
 
 Various literary engagements have delayed the aulhor's progress with this long expected work. 
 It is now, however, in an advanced state of preparation, and may be expected in a few months. 
 The importance which the microscope has assumed within the last few years, both as a guide to 
 the practising phj^sician who wishes to avail himself of the progress of his science, and as an indis- 
 pensable assistant to the physiological and pathological observer, has caused the want to be severely 
 felt of a volume which should serve as a guide to the learner and a book of reference to the more 
 advanced student. This want Dr. Carpenter has endeavored to supply in the present volume. His 
 great practical familiarity with the instrument and all its uses, and liis acknowledged abiliiy as a 
 teacher, are a sufficient guarantee that the work will prove in every way admirably adapted to its 
 purpose, and superior to any as yet presented to the scientific world. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 A PRIZE ESSAY ON THE USE OF ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS IN HEALTH 
 
 AND DISEASE. New edition, with a Preface by D. F. CoNDtE, M. D., and explanations of 
 scientific words. In one neat r2mo. volume, pp. 178. {Just Issued.) 
 
 CHELIUS (J. M.), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the University of Heidelberg, &c. 
 
 A SYSTEM OF SURGERY. Translated from the German, and accompanied 
 
 with additional Notes and References, by John F. South. Complete in three very large octavo 
 volumes, of nearly 2200 pages, strongly bound, with raised bands and double titles. 
 We do not hesitate to pronounce it the best and 
 
 most comprehensive sj'stem of modern surgery with 
 
 which we are acquainted. — Medico-C hirurgical Re- 
 
 view. 
 The fullest and ablest digest extant of all that re- 
 
 lates to the present advanced state of surgical pa- 
 thology. — American Medical Journal. 
 
 The most learned and complete systematic treatise 
 now extant.— Edinburgh Medical Journal. 
 
 CLYMER (MEREDITH), M. D., &c. 
 FEVERS; THEIR DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT. 
 
 Prepared and Edited, with large Additions, from the Essays on Fever in Tweedie's Library of 
 T>_..,..;„„i i\/r.,.i.„,- — jj^ pj^g octavo volume, of 600 pages. 
 
 Practical Medicine. 
 
 CHRISTISON (ROBERT), M. D,, V. P. R. S. E., &c. 
 
 A DISPENSATORY; or. Commentary on the Pharmacopoeias of Great Britain 
 
 and the United States; comprising the Natural History, Description, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Ac- 
 tions, Uses, and Doses of the Articles of the Materia Medica. Second edition, revised and im- 
 proved, with a Supplement containing the most important New Remedies. With copious Addi- 
 tions, and two hundred and thirteen large wood-engravings. By R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M. D. 
 In one very large and handsome octavo volume, of over 1000 pages. 
 
 There is not in any language a more complete and 
 perfect Treatise. — N. Y. Annalist. 
 
 In conclusion, we need scarcely say that we 
 strongly recommend this work to all classes of our 
 readers. As a Dispensatory and commentary on the 
 Pharmacoposias, it is unrivalled in the English or 
 any other language. — The Dublin Quarterly Journal . 
 
 It is not needful that we should compare it with 
 the other pharmacopoeias extant, which enjoy and 
 merit the confidence of the profession ; it is enough 
 to say that it appears to us as perfect as a Dispensa- 
 tory, in the present state of pharmaceutical science, 
 could be made. If it omits any details pertaining to 
 this branch of knowledge which the student has a 
 right to expect in such a work, we confess the omis- 
 sion has escaped our scrutiny. We cordially recom- 
 mend th is work to such of our readers as are in need 
 of a Dispensatory. They cannot make choice of a 
 better. — Western Journ. of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 We earnestly recommend Dr. Christison's Dis- 
 pensatory to all our readers, as an indispensable 
 companion, not in theStudy only, but in the Surgery 
 also. — British and Foreign Medical Review. 
 
8 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 CONDIE (D. F.), M. D., &c. 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN. Fourth 
 
 edition, revised and augmented. In one large volume, 8vo., of nearly 750 pages. {Lately Issued.) 
 Feom the Author's Preface. 
 
 The demand for another edition has afforded the author an opportunity of again subjecting the 
 entire treatise to a careful revision, and of incorporating in it every important observation recorded 
 since the appearance of the last edition, in reference to the pathology and therapeutics of the several 
 diseases of vs-'hich it treats. 
 
 In the preparation of the present edition, as in those which have preceded, while the author has 
 appropriated to his use every important fact that he has found recorded in the works of others, 
 having a direct bearing upon either of the subjects of which he treats, and the numerous valuable 
 observations — pathological as well as practical — dispersed throughout the pages of the medical 
 journals of Europe and America, he has, nevertheless, relied chiefly upon his own observations and 
 experience, acquired during a long and somewhat extensive practice, and under circumstances pe- 
 culiarly well adapted for the clinical study of the diseases of early life. 
 
 Every species of hypothetical reasoning has, as much as possible, been avoided. The author iias 
 endeavored throughout the work to confine himself to a simple statement of well-ascertained patho- 
 logical facts, and plain therapeutical directions — his chief desire being to render it what its title 
 imports it to be, a practical treatise on the diseases of children. 
 
 Dr. Condie's scholarship, aeumenj industry, and 
 practical sense are manifested in this, as in all his 
 numerous contributions to science. — Dr. Holvies^s 
 Report to the American Medical Association. 
 
 Taken as a virhole, in our judgment. Dr. Condie's 
 Treatise is the one from the perusal of which the 
 practitioner in this country will rise with the great- 
 est satisfaction — Western Journal of Medicine and 
 Surgery. 
 
 One of the best works upon the Diseases of Chil- 
 dren in the English language. — Western Lancet. 
 
 Perhaps the most full and complete work now be- 
 fore the profession of the United States ; indeed, we 
 may say in the English language. It is vastly supe- 
 rior to most of its predecessors. — Transylvania Med. 
 Journal. 
 
 We feel assured from actual experience that no 
 physician's library can be complete Avithout a copy 
 of this work. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 A veritable pajdiatric encyclopaedia, and an honor 
 to American medical literature. — Ohio Medical and 
 Surgical Journal. 
 
 We feel persuaded that the American medical pro- 
 fession will soon regard it not only as a very good, 
 but as the very best "Practical Treatise on the 
 Diseases of Children." — American Medical Journal. 
 
 We pronounced the first edition to be the best 
 work on the diseases of children in the English 
 language, and, notwithstanding all that has been 
 published, we still regard it in that light. — Medical 
 Examiner. 
 
 COOPER (BRANSBY B,), F. R. S., 
 
 Senior Surgeon to Guy's Hospital, &c. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. 
 
 In one very large octavo volume, of 750 pages. (Lateli/ Issued.) 
 
 For twenty-five years Mr. Bransby Cooper has 
 been surgeon to Guy's Hospital ; and the volume 
 before us may be said to consist of an account of 
 the results of his surgical experience during that 
 long period. We cordially recommend Mr. Bransby 
 
 Cooper's Lectures as a most valuable addition te 
 our surgical literature, and one which cannot fail 
 to be of service both to students and to those who 
 are actively engaged in the practice of their profes- 
 sion. — The Lancet. 
 
 COOPER (SIR ASTLEY P.), F. R. S., &.c. 
 A TREATISE ON DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES OF THE JOINTS. 
 
 Edited by Bransby B. Cooper, F. R. S., &c. With additional Observations by Prof J. C. 
 Warren. A new American edition. In one handsome octavo volume, of about 500 pages, with 
 numerous illustrations on wood. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ON THE ANATOMY AND TREATMENT OP ABDOMINAL HERNIA. 
 
 One large volume, imperial 8vo., with over 130 lithographic figures. 
 
 BY the SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ON THE STRUCTURE AND DISEASES OF THE TESTIS, AND ON 
 
 THE THYMUS GLAND. One vol. imperial 8vo., with 177 figures, on 29 plates. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ON THE ANATOMY AND DISEASES OF THE BREAST, with twenty- 
 
 five Miscellaneous and Surgical Papers. One large volume, imperial 8vo., with 252 figures, on 
 
 36 plates. 
 
 These last three volumes complete the sui^ical writings of Sir Astley Cooper. They are very 
 handsomely printed, with a large number of lithographic plates, executed in the best style, and are 
 presented at exceedingly low prices. 
 
 CARSON (JOSEPH), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE OF LECTURES ON MATERIA MEDICA 
 
 AND PHARMACY, delivered in the University of Pennsylvania. Second and revised edi- 
 Uoa. In one very neat octavo volume, of 208 pages. {Now Heady.) 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 CHURCHILL (FLEETWOOD), M . D., M. R. I, A. 
 ON THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OP MIDWIFERY. A new American, 
 
 from the last and improved English edition. Edited, with Notes and Additions, by D. Francis 
 CoNDiE, M. D., autlior of a "Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children," &c. With 139 
 illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume, pp. 510. (Lately Issued.) 
 
 To bestow praise on a book that has received such 
 marked approbation would be superfluous. We need 
 only say, therefore, that if the first edition was 
 thought' worthy of a favorable reception by the 
 medical public, we can confidently affirm that this 
 will be found' much more so. The lecturer, the 
 practitioner, and the student, may all have recourse 
 to its pages, and derive from their perusal much in- 
 terest and instruction in everything relating to theo- 
 retical and practical midwifery. — Dublin Quarterly 
 Journal of Medical Science. 
 
 A work of very great merit, and such as we can 
 confidently recommend to the study of every obste- 
 tric practitioner. — London Medical Gazette. 
 
 This is certainly the most perfect system extant. 
 It is the best adapted for the purposes of a text- 
 book, and that which he whose necessities confine 
 him to one book, should select in preference to all 
 others. — Southern Medical and Surgical Jourital. 
 
 The most popular work on midwifery ever issued 
 from the American press. — Charleston Med. Journal. 
 
 Were we reduced to the necessity of having but 
 one work on midwifery, and permitted to choose, 
 we would unhesitatingly take Churchill. — Western 
 Med. and Surg, journal. 
 
 It is impossible to conceive a more useful and 
 elegant manual than Dr. Churchill's Practice of 
 Midwifery. — Provincial Medical Journal. 
 
 Certainly, in our opinion, the very best work on 
 the subject which exists. — N. Y. Annalist. 
 
 No work holds a higher position, or is more de- 
 serving of being placed in the hands of the tyro, 
 the advanced student, or the practitioner. — Medical 
 Examiner. 
 
 Previous editions, under the editorial supervision 
 of Prof R. M. Huston, have been received with 
 marked favor, and they deserved it ; but this, re- 
 printed from a very late Dublin edition, carefully 
 revised and brought up by the author to the present 
 time, does present an unusually accurate and able 
 exposition of every important particular embraced 
 in the department of midwifery. * * The clearness, 
 directness, and precision of its teachings, together 
 with the great amount of statistical research which 
 its text exhibits, have served to place it already in 
 the foremost rank of works in this department of re- 
 medial science. — N. O. Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 In our opinion, it forms one of the best if not th^ 
 very best text-book and epitome of obstetric science 
 which ■we at present possess in the English lan- 
 guage. — Monthly Journal of Medical Science. 
 
 The clearness and precision of style in which it is 
 written, and the greatamount of statistical research 
 which it contains, have served to place it in the first 
 rank of works in this department of medical science. 
 — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 Few treatises will be found better adapted as a 
 text-book for the student, or as a manual for the 
 frequent consultation of the young practitioner. — 
 American Medical Journal. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ON THE DISEASES OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN. 
 
 handsome volume of over 600 pages. 
 
 In one large and 
 
 We regard this volume as possessing more claims 
 to completeness than any other of the kind with 
 which we are acquamted. Most cordially and earn- 
 estly, therefore, do we commend it to our profession- 
 al brethren, and we feel assured that the stamp of 
 their approbation will indue time be impressed upon 
 it. After an attentive perusal of its contents, we 
 hesitate not to say, that it is one of the most com- 
 prehensive ever written upon the diseases of chil- 
 dren, and that, for copiousness of reference, extent of 
 research, and perspicuity of detail, it is scarcely to 
 be equalled, and not to be excelled, in any lan- 
 guage. — Dublin Quarterly Journal. 
 
 After this meagre, and we know, very imperfect 
 notice of Dr. Churchill's work, we shall conclude 
 by saying, that it is one that cannot fail from its co- 
 piousness, extensive research, and general accuracy, 
 to exalt still higher the reputation of the author in 
 this country. The American reader will be particu- 
 larly pleased to find that Dr. Churchill has done full 
 justice throughout his work to the various American 
 authors on this subject. The names of Dewees, 
 Eberle, Condie, and Stewart, occur on nearly every 
 page, and these authors are constantly referred toby 
 the author m terms of the highest praise, and w^ith 
 the most liberal courtesy. — The Medical Examiner. 
 
 The present volume will sustain the reputation 
 acquired by the author from his previous works. 
 The reader will find in it full and judicious direc- 
 tions for the management of infants at birth, and a 
 compendious, but cle^r account of the diseases to 
 which children are liable, and the most successful 
 mode of treating them. We must not close this no- 
 tice without catling attention to tlie author's style, 
 which is perspicuous and polished to a degree, we 
 regret to say, not generally characteristic of medica. 
 works. We recommend the work of Dr. Churchill 
 most cordially, both to students and practitioners, 
 as a valuable and reliable guide in the treatment of 
 the diseases of children. — Am,. Joum. of the Med. 
 Sciences. 
 
 We know of no work on this department of Prac- 
 tical Medicine which presents so candid and unpre- 
 judiced a statement or posting up of our actual 
 knowledge as this. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 Its claims to merit both as a scientific and practi- 
 cal work, are of the highest order. Whilst we 
 would not elevate it above every other .treatise on 
 the same subject, we certainly believe that very few 
 are equal to it, and none superior. — Southern Med. 
 and Surgical Journal. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ESSAYS ON THE PUERPERAL FEVER, AND OTHER DISEASES PE- 
 CULIAR TO WOJMEN. Selected from the writings of British Authors previous to the close of 
 the Eighteenth Century. In one neat octavo volume, of about four hundred and fifty pages. 
 
 To these papers Dr. Churchill has appended notes, 
 embodying whatever information has been laid be- 
 fore the profession since their authors' time. He has 
 also prefixed to the Essays on Puerperal Fever, 
 which occupy the larger portion of the volume, an 
 interesting historical sketch of the principal epi- 
 
 demics of that disease. The whole forms a very 
 valuable collection of papers, by professional writers 
 of eminence, on some of the most importantaccidents 
 to which the puerperal female is liable. — A?nerican 
 Journal of Medical Sciences, 
 
10 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 CHURCHILL (FLEETWOOD), M. D., M. R. I . A., &.c. 
 
 ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN; including those of Pregnancy and Child- 
 bed. A new American edition, revised by the Author. With Notes and Additions, by D Fran- 
 cis CoNDiE, M. D., author of "A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children." in one large 
 and handsome octavo volume, with wood-cuts, pp. 684. (J'7ist Issued.) 
 
 "We now regretfully take leave of Dr. Churchill's 
 book. Had our tj-pographical limits permitted, we 
 should gladly have borro-\ved more from its richly 
 
 stored pages. In conclusion, we heartily recom 
 mend it to the profession, and would at the same 
 time express our firm conviction that it will not only 
 add to the reputation of its author, but will prove a 
 work of great and extensive utility to obstetric 
 practitioners. — Dublin Medical Press. 
 
 Former editions of this work have been noticed in 
 previous numbers of the Journal. The sentiments of 
 high commendation expressed in tho.«e notices, have 
 only to be repeated in this; not from the fact that 
 the profession at large are not aware of the high 
 merits w^hich this work really possesses, but from a 
 desire to see the principles and doctrines therein 
 contained more generally recognized, and more uni- 
 versally carried out in practice. — N. Y. Journal of 
 Medicine. 
 
 AVe know of no author ^vho deserves that appro- 
 bation, on " the diseases of females," to the same 
 extent that Dr. Churchill does. His, indeed, is the 
 only thorough treatise ^ve know of on the subject; 
 and it may be commended to practitioners and stu- 
 dents as a masterpiece in its particular department. 
 The former editions of this work have been com- 
 mended strongly in this journal, and they have won 
 their way to an extended, and a well-deserved popu- 
 
 larity. This fifth edition, before us, is w^ell calcu- 
 lated to maintain Dr. ChurchilPs high reputation. 
 It was revised and enlarged by the author, for his 
 American publishers, and it seems to us that there is 
 scarcely any species of desirable information on its 
 subjects that may not be found in this work. — Tht 
 Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 AVe are gratified to announce a new and revised 
 edition of Dr. Churchill's valuable work on the dis- 
 eases of females We have ever regarded it as one 
 of the very best w^orks on the sulijects embraced 
 within its scope, in the English language; and the 
 present edition, enlarged and revised by" the author, 
 renders it still more entitled to the confidence of the 
 profession. The valuable notes of Prof. Huston 
 have been retained, and contribute, in no small de- 
 gree, to enhance the value of the work. It is a 
 source of congratulation that the publishers have 
 permitted the author to be, in this instance, his 
 own editor, thus securing all the revision which 
 an author alone is capable of making. — The Western 
 Lancet. 
 
 As a comprehensive manual for students, or a 
 work of reference for practitioners, we only speak 
 with common justice when we say that it surpasses 
 any other that has ever issued on the same sub- 
 ject from the British press. — The Dublin Quarterly 
 Journal. 
 
 DICKSON (S. H.), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Institutes and Practice of Medicine in the Medical College of South Carolina. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF MEDICINE; a Compendious View of Pathology and Thera- 
 
 peuiics, or the History and Treatment of Diseases. In one large and handsome octavo volume 
 of nearly 800 pages (Now Ready.) 
 
 As a text- book on the Practice of Medicine for the student, and as a condensed work of reference 
 for the practitioner, this volume will have strong claims on the attention of the American profe>sion. 
 Few physicians have had wider opportunities, than the author, for observation and experience, and 
 few perhaps have used them belter. As the result of a life of study and practice, therefore, the 
 pre.sent volume will doubtless be received with the welcome it deserves. 
 
 From the Preface. 
 The present volume is intended as an aid to young men who have engaged in the study of medi- 
 cine, to physician;; who have recently assumed the responsibilities of practice, and to my fellow 
 professors of the Institutes of Medicine, and private instructors who have felt the djfficulty of com- 
 municating to the two first classes the knowledge which they are earnestly seeking to acquire. 
 Having been a teacher of medicine for thirty years, and a student more than forty, I must have 
 accumtilated some experience in both characters. I have prepared and printed for those in attend- 
 ance on my lectures many successive manuals or text-books. I have also written and published 
 several volumes on medical subjects in general. The following pages are ihe result of a careful 
 collation of all that has been esteemed valuable in both, with such matter as continued study and 
 enlarged experience has enabled; me to add. 
 
 DEWEES (W. P.), M.D., &c. 
 A COMPPtEHENSIVE SYSTEM OF MIDWIFEPtY. Illustrated by occa- 
 
 sional Cases and many Engravings. Twelfth edition, with the Author's last Improvements and 
 Corrections. In one octavo volume, of 600 pages. (Just Issued.) 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 A TREATISE ON THE PHYSICAL AND MEDICAL TREATMENT OF 
 
 CHILDREN. Tenth edition. In one volume, octavo, 548 pages. (Just Issued.) 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 A TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OP FEMALES. Tenth edition. In 
 
 one volume, octavo, 5.32 pages, with plates. (Just Issued.) 
 
 DANA (JAMES D). 
 ZOOPHYTES AND CORALS. In one volume, imperial quarto, extra cloth, 
 
 with wood-cuts. Also, AN ATLAS, in one volume, imperial folio, with sixty-one magnificent 
 plates, colored after nature. Bound in half morocco. 
 
 DE LA BECHE (SIR 
 THE GEOLOGICAL OBSERVER 
 
 volume, of 700 pages. With over three hundred wood-cutsi 
 
 HENRY T.), F. R. S., &c. 
 In one very large and handsome octavo 
 
 (Lately Issued.) 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 11 
 
 DRUITT (ROBERT), M.R. C.S., &.c. 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MODERN SURGERY. A new 
 
 American, from the improved London edition. Edited by F. W. Sargent, M. D., author of 
 "Minor Surgery," &c. Illustrated with one hundred and ninety-three wood-engravings. In 
 one very handsomely printed octavo volume, of 576 large pages. 
 
 Dr. Druitt's researches intn the literature of his 
 subject have been not only extensive, but well di- 
 rected ; the most discordant authors are fairly and 
 impartially quoted, and, while due credit is given 
 to each, their respective merits are weighed with 
 an unprejudiced hand. The grain of wheat is pre- 
 served, and the chaff is unmercifully stripped off. 
 The arrangement is simple and philosophical, and 
 the style, though clear and interesting, is so precise, 
 that the book contains more information condensed 
 into a few words than any other surgical work with 
 which we are acquainted. — London Medical Times 
 and Gazette, February 18, 1654. 
 
 No work, in our opinion, equals it in presenting 
 so much valuable surgical matter in so small a 
 compass. — St. Louis Med. and Surgical Journal. 
 
 Druitt's Surgery is too well known to the Ameri- 
 can medical profession to require its announcement 
 anywhere. Probahly no work of the kind has ever 
 been more cordially received and extensively circu- 
 lated than this. The fact that it comprehends in a 
 comparatively small compass, all the essential ele- 
 ments of theoretical and practical Surgery — that it 
 is found to contain reliable and authentic informa- 
 tion on the nature and treatment of nearly all surgi- 
 cal affections — is a sufficient reason for the liberal 
 patronage it has obtained. The editor, Dr. F. W. 
 Sargent, has contributed much to enhance the value 
 of the^vork, by such American improvements as are 
 calculated more perfectly to adapt it to our own 
 views and practice in this country. It abounds 
 everywhere w^ith spirited and life-like illustrations, 
 which to the 3'oung surgeon, especially, are of no 
 minor consideration. Every medical man frequently 
 needs just such a work as this, for immediate refe- 
 rence in moments of sudden emergency, when he has 
 not time to consult more elaborate treatises. — The 
 Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal, 
 
 The author has evidently ransacked every stand- 
 ard treatise of ancient and modern times, and all that 
 
 is really practically useful at the bedside will be 
 found in a form at once clear, distinct, and interest- 
 ing. — Edinburgh Monthly Medical Journal. 
 
 Druitt's work, condensed, systematic, lucid, and 
 practical as it is, beyond most works on Surgery 
 accessible to the American student, has had mucii 
 currency in this country, and under its present au- 
 spices promises to rise to yet higher favor. — The 
 Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 The most accurate and ample resume of the pre- 
 sent state of Surgery that we are acquainted with. — 
 Dublin Medical Journal. 
 
 A better book on the principles and practice of 
 Surgery as now understood in England and America, 
 has not been given to the profession. — Boston Medi- 
 cal and Surgical Journal. 
 
 An unsurpassable compendium, not only of Sur- 
 gical, but of Medical Practice. — London Medical 
 Gazette. 
 
 This work merits our warmest commendations, 
 and we strongly recommend it to young surgeons as 
 an admiralile digest of the principles and practice of 
 modern Surgery. — Medical Gazette. 
 
 It maybe said with truth that the work of Mr. 
 Druitt affords a complete, though brief and con- 
 densed view, of the entire field of modern surgery. 
 "\Ve know of no work on the same subject having the 
 appearance of a manual, which includes so many 
 topics of interest to the surgeon ; and the terse man- 
 ner in "which each has been treated evinces a most 
 enviable quality of mind on the part of the author, 
 who seems to have an innate power of searching 
 out and grasping the leading facts and features of 
 the most elaborate productions of the pen. It is a 
 useful handbook for the practitioner, and we should 
 deem a teacher of surgery unpardonable who did not 
 recommend it to his pupils. In our own opinion, it 
 is admirably adapted to the wants of the student. — 
 Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 DUNGLISON, FORBES, TWEEDIE, AND CONOLLY. 
 THE CYCLOPAEDIA OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE: comprising Treatises on 
 
 the Nature and Treatment of Diseases, JVIateria Medica, and Therapeutics, Diseases of Women 
 and Children, Medical Jurisprudence, &c. &c. In four large super royal octavo volumes, of 
 3254 double-columned pages, stronglj^ and handsomely bound. 
 
 *^* This work contains no less than four hundred and eighteen distinct treatises, contributed by 
 siX'ty-eight distinguished physicians. 
 
 The most complete w^ork on Practical Medicine 
 extant; or, at least, ia our language. — Buffalo 
 Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 For reference, it is above all price to every prac- 
 titioner. — Western Lancet. 
 
 One of the most valuable medical publications of 
 the day — as a work of reference it is invaluable. — 
 Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 It has been to ns, both as learner and teacher, a 
 w^orkfor ready and frequent reference, one in which 
 modem English medicine is exhibited in the most 
 advantageous light. — Medical Examiner. 
 
 We rejoice that this work is to be placed within 
 the reach of the profession in this country, it being 
 
 unquestionably one of very great value to the prac- 
 titioner. This estimate of it has not been formed 
 from a hasty examination, but after an intimate ac- 
 quaintance derived from frequent consultation of it 
 during the past nine or ten years. The editors are 
 practitioners of established reputation, and the list 
 of contributors embraces many of the most eminent 
 professors and teachers of London, Edinburgh, Dub- 
 lin, and Glasgow. It is, indeed, the great merit of 
 this work that the principal articles have been fur- 
 nished by practitioners who have not only devoted 
 especial attention to the diseases about which they 
 have written, but have also enjoyed opportunities 
 for an extensive practical acquaintance with them, 
 and whose reputation carries the assurance of their 
 competency justly to appreciate the opinions of 
 others, while it stamps their own doctrines with 
 high and just authority. — American Medical Journ. 
 
 DUNGLISON (ROBLEY), M.D., 
 
 Professor of the Institutes of IVIedicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
 
 HUMAN HEALTH; or, the Influence of Atmosphere and Locality, Change of 
 
 Air and Climate, Seasons, Food, Clothing, Bathing, Exercise, Sleep, &c. &c., on Healthy Man; 
 constituting Elements of Hygiene. Second edition, with many modiiicalioas and additions. In 
 one octavo volume, of 464 pages. 
 
12 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 DUNGLISON (ROBLEY), M.D., 
 
 Professor of Instilutes of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
 
 MEDICAL LEXICON; a Dictionary of Medical Science, containinf^ a concise 
 
 Explanation of the various Subjects and Terms of Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, Therapeutics, 
 Pharmacology, Obstetrics, Medical Jurisprudence, &e. Wiih the French aiid other Synonymes ; 
 Notices of Climate and of celebrated Mineral Waters; Formulae for various Officinal, Empirical, 
 and Dietetic Preparations, etc. Twelfth edition, revised. In one verjMhick octavo volume, ol 
 over nine hundred large double-columned pages, strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. 
 (Just Issued.) 
 
 Every successive edition of this work bears the marks of the industry of the author, and of his 
 determination to keep it fully on a level with the most advanced state of medical science. Thus 
 nearly fifteen tkol'sand woeds have been added to it within the last few years. As a complete 
 Medical Dictionary, therefore, embracing over FIFTY THOUSAND DEFINITIONS, in all the 
 branches of the science, it is presented as meriting a continuance of the great favor and popularity 
 which have carried it, within no very long space of time, to a twelfth edition. 
 
 Every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the present volume, to render its mecha- 
 nical execution and typographical accuracy worthy of its extended reputation and universal use. 
 The very extensive additions have been accommodated, without materially increasing the bulk ol 
 the volume by the employment of a small but exceedingly clear type, cast for this purpose. The 
 press has been watched with great care, and every efibrt used to insure the verbal accuracy so ne- 
 cessary to a work of this nature. The whole is printed on fine white paper ; and, while thus exhi- 
 biting in every respect so great an improvement over former issues, it is presented at the original 
 exceedingly low price. 
 
 We ■welcome it cordially ; it is an admirahlework, 
 and indispensal)le to all literary medical men. The 
 labor which has been bestowed upon it is something 
 prodigious. The work, ho^vever, has now been 
 done, and we are hnppy in the thouglit that no hu- 
 man being will have again to undertake the same 
 gigantic task Revised and corrected from time to 
 time, Dr. Dungli.snn's '• Medical Lexicon" will last 
 for centuries. — British and Foreign Med. Chirurg. 
 Review. 
 
 The fact that this excellent and learned work has 
 passed through eight editions, and that a ninth is 
 rendered necessary by the demands of the public, 
 affords a sufficient evidence of the general apprecia- 
 tion of Dr. Dunglison's labors by the medical pro- 
 fession in England and America. It is a book w^liich 
 ■will be of great service to the student, in teaching 
 him the meaning of all the technical terms used in 
 medicine, and will be of no less use to the practi- 
 tioner ■vvho desires to keep himself on a level with 
 the advance of medical science. — London Medical 
 Times and Gazette. 
 
 In taking leave of our author, ■we feel compelled 
 to confess that bis 'W'ork bears evidence of almost 
 incredible labor having been besto^wed upon its com- 
 position. — Edinburgh Journal of Med. Sciences. 
 
 A miracle of labor and industry in one who has 
 written able and voluminous works on nearly every 
 branch of medical science. There could be no more 
 useful book to the student or practitioner, in the 
 present advancing age, than one in which would be 
 found, in addition to the ordinary meaning and deri- 
 vation of medical terms — so many of which are of 
 modern introduction — concise descriptions of their 
 explanation and employment ; and all this and much 
 more is contained in the volume before us. It is 
 therefore almost as indispens'rfble to the other learned 
 professions as to our own. In fact, to all -who may 
 have occasion to ascertain the meaning of any ■word 
 belonging to the many branches of medicine. From 
 a careful exnmination of the present edition, we can 
 vouch for its accuracy, and for its being brought 
 quite up to thedate of publication ; the author states 
 in his preface that hehasadded to it aboutfour thou- 
 sand terms, -^vhich are not to be found in the prece 
 
 readers to its peculiar merits; and ■we need do 
 little more than state, in reference to the present 
 reissue, that, notwithstanding the large additions 
 previously made to it, no fewer than four thou- 
 sand terms, not to be found in the preceding edi- 
 tion, are contained in the volume b"fore us. — 
 Whilst it is a wonderful monument, of its author's 
 erudition and industry, it is also a work of great 
 practical utility, as we can testify from our own 
 experience; for -we keep it constantly ■within our 
 reach, and mnke very frequent reference to it, 
 nearly always finding in it the information we seek. 
 — British and Foreign Med.-Chirurg. Review. 
 
 It has the rare merit that it certainly has no rival 
 in the English language for accuracy and extent 
 of references. The terms generally include short 
 physiological and pathological descriptions, so that, 
 as the author justly observes, the reader does not 
 possess in this ■work a mere dictionary, but a book, 
 which, wliile it instructs him in medical etymo- 
 logy, furnishes him with a large amount of useful 
 informatii'n. The author's labors have been pro- 
 perly appreciated by his ©■\^ti countrymen ; and -we 
 can only confirm their judgment, by recommending 
 this most useful volume to the notice of our cisat- 
 lantic readers. No medical library will be complete 
 without it. — London Med. Gazette. 
 
 It is certainly more complete and comprehensive 
 than any ■with ■which we are acquainted in the 
 English language. Few, in fact, could be found 
 better qualified than Dr. Dunglison for the produc- 
 tion of such a work. Learned, industrious, per- 
 severing, and accurate, he brings to the task all 
 the peculiar talents necessary for its successful 
 performance; while, at the same time, his fami- 
 liarity with the writings of the ancient and modern 
 " masters of our art," renders him skill'ul to note 
 the exact usage of the several terms of science, 
 and the various modifications which medical term- 
 inology has undergone with the change of theo- 
 ries or the progress of improvement. — American 
 Journal of the Medical Sciences. 
 
 One of the most complete and copious known to 
 the cultivators of medical science. — Boston Med. 
 
 ding one. — Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical ', Journal. 
 Sciences. | rpj^g rnost comprehensive and best English Die- 
 
 On the appearance of the last edition of this I tionary of medical terms extant. — BuJJulo Medical 
 valuable work, we directed the attention of our | Journal. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. A Treatise on Special Pathology and The- 
 
 rapeutics. Third Edition. In two large octavo volumes, of fifteen hundred pages. 
 
 ferings of the race. — Boston Medical and Surgical 
 Journal. 
 
 Upon every topic embraced in the work the latest 
 information will be found carefully posted up. — 
 Medical Examiner. 
 
 The student of medicine •will find, in these two 
 elegant volumes, a mine of facts, a gathering of 
 precepts and advice from the world of experience, 
 that will neri'e nim with courage, and faithfully 
 direct him in his efforts to relieve the physical suf- 
 
 It is certainly the most complete troatiseof which 
 we have any knowledge. — Western Journal of Medi- 
 cine and Surgery. 
 
 One of the most elaborate treatises of the kind 
 we have. — Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 13 
 
 DUNGLISON (ROBLEY), M.D., 
 
 Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
 
 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. Seventh edition. Thoroughly revised and exten. 
 
 sively modified and enlarged, with nearly five hundred illustrations. In two large and hand 
 
 somely printed octavo volumes, containing nearly 14-50 pages. 
 
 It has long since taken rank as one of the medi- 
 cal classics of our language. To say that it is by 
 far the best text-book of physiology ever published 
 in this country, is but echoing the general testi- 
 
 mony of the profession. — N. Y. journal of Medicine. 
 
 There is no single book we would recommend to 
 the student or physician, with greater confidence 
 than the present, because in it will be found a mir- 
 ror of almost every standard pliysiological work of 
 the day. We most cordially recommend the w^ork 
 to every member of the profession, and no student 
 should be without it. It is the completest work on 
 
 Physiology in the English language, and is highly 
 creditable to the author and publishers. — Canadian 
 Medical Journal. 
 
 The most complete and satisfactory system of 
 Physiology in the English language. — Amer. Med. 
 Journal. 
 
 The best work of the kind in the English lan- 
 guage. — Silliman^s Journal. 
 
 The most full and complete system of Pliysiology 
 in our language. — Western Lancet. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. [Jiist Issued.) 
 
 GENERx\L THERAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDICA; adapted for a 
 
 Medical Text-book. Fifth edition, much improved. Witli one hundred and eighty-seven illus- 
 trations. In two large and handsomely printed octavo vols., of about 1100 pages. 
 The new editions of the United States Pharmacopoeia and those of London and Dublin, have ren- 
 dered necessary a thorough revision of this work. In accomplishing this the author has spared no 
 pains in rendering it a complete exponent of all that is new and reliable, both in the departments 
 of Therapeutics and Materia Mediea. The book has thus been somewhat enlarged, and a like im- 
 provement will be found in every department of its mechanical execution. As a convenient text- 
 book for the student, therefore, containing within a moderate compass a satisfactory resume of its 
 important subject, it is again presented as even more worthy than heretofore of the very great favor 
 which it has received. 
 
 In this w^ork of Dr. Dunglison,we recognize the 
 same untiring industry in the collection and em- 
 bodying of facts on the several subjects of which he 
 treats, that has heretofore distinguished him, and 
 
 As a text-book for students, for whom it is par- 
 ticularly designed, we know of none superior to 
 it. — St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 we cheerfully point to these volumes, as two of the ' I' purports to be a new edition, but it is rather 
 most interesting that we know of. In noticing the : ? "^w book, so greatly has it been improved, both 
 
 in the amount and quality of the matter which it 
 contains.— iV. O. Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 We bespeak for this edition, from the profession, 
 an increase of patronage over any of its former 
 ones, on account of its increased merit. — N. Y. 
 Journal of Medicine. 
 
 We consider this work unequalled. — Boston Med. 
 and Surg. Journal. _ 
 
 additions to this, the fourth edition, there is very 
 little in the periodical or annual literature of the 
 profession, published in the interval which has 
 elapsed since the issue of the first, that has escaped 
 the careful search of the author. As a book for 
 reference, it is invaluable. — C karleston Med. Jour- 
 nal and Review. 
 
 It may be said to be the work now upon the sub- 
 jects upon which it treats. — Western Lancet. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 NEW REMEDIES, WITH FORMULA FOR THEIR ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 Sixth edition, with extensive Additions. In one very large octavo volume, of over 750 pages. 
 One of the most useful of the author's works. — diseases and for remedies, will be found greatly to 
 Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. enhance its value. — New York Med. Gazette. 
 
 This well-known and standard book has no^v 
 reached its sixth edition, and has been enlarged and 
 improved by the introduction of all the recent gifts 
 to therapeutics which the last few years have so 
 richly produced, including the anissthetic agents, 
 &c. This elaborate and useful volume should be 
 found in every medical library, for as a book of re- 
 ference, for physicians, it is unsurpassed by any 
 other work in existence, and the double index for 
 
 T!ie great learning of the author, and his remark- 
 able industry in pushing his researches into every 
 source whence information is derivable, has enabled 
 him to throw together an extensive mass of facts 
 and statements, accompanied by full reference to 
 authorities; which last feature renders the work 
 practically valuable to investigators who desire to 
 examine the original papers. — The American Journal 
 of Pharmacy. 
 
 DE JONGH (L. JJ, M. D., &.C. 
 THE THREE KINDS OF COD-LIVER OIL, comparatively considered, with 
 
 their Chemical and Therapeutic Properties. Translated, with an Appendix and Cases, by 
 Edward Carey, M. D. To which is added an article on the subject from "Dunglison on New 
 Remedies." In one small r2mo. volume, extra cloth. 
 
 DAY (GEORGE E.), M. D. 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DOMESTIC MANAGEMENT AND 
 
 MORE IMPORTANT DISEASES OF ADVANCED LIFE. With an Appendix on a new 
 and successful mode of treating Lumbago and other forms of Chronic Rheumatism. One volume, 
 octavo, 226 pages. 
 
 FRICK (CHARLES), M . D. 
 RENAL AFFECTIONS; their Diagnosis and Pathology. 
 One volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth. 
 
 With illustrations. 
 
14 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 ERICHSEN (JOHN), 
 
 Professor of Sursrery in University College, London, &c. 
 
 THE SCIENCE AND ART OP SURGERY; being a Treatise on Surgical 
 
 Injuries, Diseases, and Operations. Edited by John H. Brinton, M. D. Illustrated with 
 three iiundred and eleven engraAMngs on wood. In one large and handsome octavo volume, of 
 over nine hundred closely printed pages. (Just Issued.) 
 
 the most serviceable guide v;hichhe can consult. He 
 
 It is, in our humlile judgment, decidedly the best 
 book of the kind in the English language. Strange 
 that just such l)Ooks are notoflener produced by pub- 
 lic teachers o(" surgery in lliis country and Great 
 BriiaiTi Indeed, it is a matterof great astonishment, 
 but no less true than a^ionishing, that of the many 
 "works on surgery republished in this country within 
 the last fitteen or twenty years as text-books for 
 medical siuaents, ihi= is the only one, that even ap- 
 proximates to ihe fulfilment of the peculiar wants of 
 youngmen just enteruig upon the study of this branch 
 of the profession. — Western Jozir .of Med. and Surgery. 
 
 Kmbracing, as will be perceived, the whole surari- 
 cal domain, and each division of itself almost com- 
 plete and perfect, each chapter full and explicit, each 
 suhjeci faithfully exhibited, we can only express our 
 estimate of it in tiie aggregate. We consider it an 
 excellent contrihution to surgery, as probably the 
 best single volume now extant on the subject, and 
 \vith great pleasure we add it to our textbooks — 
 Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 Its value is greatly enhanced by a ver)' copious 
 ■well-arranffed index. We regard this as one of the 
 most valuable contributions to modern surgery. To 
 one entering his novitiate of practice, we regard it 
 
 will find a fulnessof detail leadinghim through every 
 step of the operation, and not deserting him until the 
 final issue of the case is decided. For llie same rea- 
 son we recommend it to those whose routine of prac- 
 tice lies in such parts of the country thai they mast 
 rarely encounter cases requiring surgical manage- 
 ment. — Stethoscope. 
 
 Prof Erichseii's work, for its size, has not been 
 surpassed ; his nine hundred and eight pages, pro- 
 fusely illustrated, are rich in physiological, patholo- 
 gical, and operative suggestions, doctrines, details, 
 and processes ; and will prove a reliable resource 
 for information, both to physician and surgeon, in the 
 hour of peril. — N. 0. Med. and Surg Journal. 
 
 We are acquainted with no other work wherein 
 so much good sense, sound principle, and practical 
 inferences, stamp every page. To say more of the 
 volume w^ould be useless; to say less would be doing 
 injustice to a production which ^ve consider above 
 all others at the present day, and superior and more 
 complete than the many excellent treatises of the 
 English and Scotch surgeons, and this is no small 
 encomium. — American Lancet. 
 
 ELLIS (BENJAMIN), M.D. 
 THE MEDICAL EORMULARY : being a Collection of Prescriptions, derived 
 
 from the writings and practice of many of the most eminent physicians of America and Europe. 
 Together with the usual Dietetic Preparations and Antidotes for Poisons. To which is added 
 an Appendix, on the Endermic use of Medicines, and on the use of Ether and Chloroform. The 
 whole accompanied with a few brief Pharmaceutic and Medical Observations. Tenth edition, 
 revi.sed and much extended by Robert P. Thomas, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica in the 
 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In one neat octavo volume, of two hundred and ninety-six 
 pages. {Irately Issued.) 
 
 After an examination of the new matter and the 
 alterations, we believe the reputation of the "work 
 built up by the author, and the late distinguished 
 editor, will continue to flourish under the auspices 
 of the present editor, who has the industry .ond accu- 
 racy, and, we would saj', conscientiousness requi- 
 site for the responsible task. — American Journal of 
 Pharmacy, March, 1854. 
 
 It w^ill prove particularly useful to students and 
 young practitioners, as the most important prescrip- 
 tions employed in modern practice, which lie scat- 
 tered through our medical literature, are here col- 
 lected and conveniently arranged for reference. — 
 Charleston Med. Journal and Review. 
 
 FOWNES (GEORGE), PH. D., &c. 
 ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY; Theoretical and Practical. With numerous 
 
 illustrations. A new American, from the last and revised London edition. Edited, with Addi- 
 tions, by Robert Bridges, M. D. In one large royal 12mo. volume, of over 550 pages, with 181 
 wood-cuts, sheep, or extra cloth. {Now Ready.) 
 
 The work of Dr. Fownes has long been before 
 
 "We know of no better text-book, especially in the 
 difficult department of organic chemistry, upon 
 which it is particularly full and satisfactory. We 
 would recommend it to preceptors as a capital 
 " office book" for their students who are beginners 
 in Chemistry. It is copiously illustrated with ex- 
 cellent wood-cuts, and altogether admirably "got 
 up." — N. J. Medical Reporter, March, 1854. 
 
 A standard manual, \vhich has long enjoyed the 
 reputation of embodying much kno^vled^ein a small 
 space. The author hasachieved the difficult task of 
 condensation with masterly tact. His book is con- 
 cise without being dry, and brief without being too 
 dogmatical or general. — Virginia Med. and Surgical 
 Journal. 
 
 the public, and its merits have been fully appreci- 
 ated as the best text-book on chemistry now in 
 existence. We do not, of course, place it in a rank 
 superior to the ■works of Brande, Graham, Turner, 
 Gregory, or Gmelin, but we say that, as a work 
 for students, it is preferable to any of them. — Lon- 
 don Journal of Medicine. 
 
 A^\'ork well adapted to the w^ants of the student. 
 It is an excellent exposition of the ^hief doctrines 
 and facts of modern chemistry. The size of the work, 
 and still more the condensed yet perspicuous style 
 in which it is written, absolve it from the charges 
 very properly urged against most manuals termed 
 popular. — Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Medical 
 Science. 
 
 FLINT (AUSTIN), M. D., 
 
 Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the University of Louisville, &c. 
 
 PHYSICAL EXPLORATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES AFFECT- 
 ING THE OK.GANS OF RESPIRATION. In one handsome octavo volume. (Now Ready.) 
 
 The reputation already acquired by the author with respect to his researches on this and kindred 
 topics, is sufficient guarantee that he will accomplish his object in presenting the student with a 
 good practical text-book, which will facilitate the acquirement of a knowledge of this difficult sub- 
 ject. The work will be ready in time for the Fall sessions. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 15 
 
 FERGUSSON (WILLIAM), F. R. S., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in King's College, London, &c. 
 
 A SYSTEM OF PKACTICAL SURGERY. Fourth American, from the third 
 
 and enlarged London edition. la one large and beautifully printed octavo volume, of about seven 
 hundred pages, with, three hundred and ninety-three handsome illustrations. (^Jzist Issued.) 
 
 The most important subjects in connection with No work was ever ^vritten ■which more nearly 
 practical surgery which have been more recently 
 
 brought under the notice of, and discussed by, the 
 surgeons of Great Britain, are fully and dispassion- 
 ately considered by Mr. Fergusson, and that which 
 was before wanting has now been supplied, so that 
 we can now look upon it as a work on practical sur- 
 gery instead of one on operative surgery alone. 
 There was some ground formerly for the complaint 
 before alluded to, that it dwelt too exclusively on 
 operative surgery ; but this defect is now removed, 
 and the book is more than ever adapted for the pur- 
 poses of the practitioner, whether he confines him- 
 self more strictly to the operative department, or 
 follows surgery on a more comprehensive scale. — 
 Msdical Times and Gazette. 
 
 comprehended the necessities of the student and 
 practitioner, and was more carefully arranged to 
 that singlepurpose than this. — N. Y. Med. and Surg. 
 Journal. 
 
 The addition of many new pages makes this work 
 more than ever indispensable to the student and prac- 
 titioner. — Ranking'' s Abstract. 
 
 Among the numerous v/orks upon surgery pub- 
 lished of late years, we kno\v of none we value 
 more highly than the one before us. It is perhaps 
 the very best %ve liave for a text-book and for ordi- 
 nary reference, being concise and eminently practi- 
 cal. — Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 GRAHAM (THOMAS), F. R. S., 
 
 Professor of Chemistry in University College, London, &c. 
 
 THE ELEMENTS OF CHE3IISTRY. Including the application of the Science 
 
 to the Arts. With numerous illustrations. With Notes and Additions, by Robert Bridges, 
 M. D., &c. &c. Second American, from the second and enlarged London edition 
 PART I. {Lately Iss2ted) large 8vo., 430 pages, 185 illustrations. 
 PART II. {Preparuig) to match. 
 
 The great changes which the science of chemistry has undergone within the last few years, ren- 
 der a new edition, of a treatise like the present, almost a new work. The author has devoted 
 several years to the revision of his treatise, and has endeavored to embody in it every fact and 
 inference of importance which has been observed and recorded by the great body of chemical 
 investigators who are so rapidly changing the face of the science. In this manner the 'work has 
 been greatly increased in size, and the number of illustrations doubled ; while the labors of the editor 
 have been directed tovvards the introduction of such matters as have escaped the attention of the 
 author, or as have arisen since the publication of the first portion of this edition in London, in 1850. 
 Printed in handsome style, and at a very low price, it is therefore confidently presented to tlie pro- 
 fession and the student as a very complete and thorough text-book of this important subject. 
 
 GRIFFITH (ROBERT E.), M. D., &c. 
 
 A UNIVERSAL FORMULARY, containing the methods of Preparing and Ad- 
 ministering OfRcinal and other Medicines. The whole adapted to Physicians and Pharmaceu- 
 tists. Second Edition, thoroughly revised, with numerous additions, by Robert P. Thomas, 
 M. D., Professor of Materia Medica in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In one large and 
 handsome octavo volume, of over six hundred pages, double columns. (Just Issued.) 
 It was a work requirlfig much perseverance, and i It is cue of the most nsefil books a counlry pracli- 
 
 when published was looked upon a* by far the best j lioiier can possibly have in his possession. — Mtdical 
 
 work of its kind ihal had issued from the American Chronicle. 
 
 press, being free of much of the irashy, and embrac- 
 ing most of ihe iion-ofncinal formulae used or known 
 in American, English, or French praclice, arranged 
 under the heads of the several consiitueiiidrug*, plac- 
 ing the receipt under its more important constiluent. 
 Prof Thomas has certainly ''improved," as well as 
 added o ihis Formulary, and has rendered it addinon- 
 ally deserving of the coiifideiice of pharmaceutists 
 and physicians.^jiwz«r/cart Journal of Pharmacy. 
 
 We are happy to announce a new and improved 
 edition of this, one of the most valuable and useful 
 works that have emanated from an American pen. 
 It would do credit lo any country, and will be found 
 of daily usefulness to practitioners of medicine; it is 
 better adapted lo their purposes than the dispensato- 
 ries. — Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 A new edition of this well-known work, edited by 
 R. P. Thomas, M D., affords occasion for renewing 
 
 The amount of usefu J.every-day matter, for a prac- 
 tioinir physician, is really immense. — Boston Med. 
 a?id Surg. Journal. 
 
 This is a work of six hundred and fifty one pages, 
 embracing all on the subject of preparing and admi- 
 nistering medicines that can be desired by the physi- 
 cian and pharmaceutist. — Western Laticet. 
 
 In short, it is full and complete work of the kind, 
 and should be in the hands of every physician and 
 apothecary. O Med. arid Surg. Journal. 
 
 We predic a great sale for this work, and we espe- 
 ciallv recommend it to all medical teachers. — Rich- 
 mond Stethoscope. 
 
 This edition of Dr. Griffith's work has been greatly 
 improved by the revision and ample additions of Dr. 
 Thomas, and is now, we believe, one of the most 
 
 our commendation of so useful a handbook, which | complete works of its kind in any language. The 
 
 ought 10 be universally studied by medical men of 
 every class, and made use of by way of reference by 
 office pupils, as a standard authority. It has been 
 much enlarged, and now condenses a vast amount 
 of needful and necessary ktiowledge in small com- 
 pass. The more of such books the better for the pro- 
 fession and the public— iV. Y. Med. Gazette. 
 
 additions amount to about seventy pages, and no 
 effort has been spared to include in them all the re- 
 cent improvements which have been published in 
 medical journals, and systematic treatises. A ■work 
 of this kind appears lo us indispensable to the physi- 
 cian, and thpreis none we can more cordially recom- 
 mend. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 MEDICAL BOTANY; or, a Description of all the more important Plants used 
 
 in Medicine, and of their Properties, Uses, and Modes of Administration. In one large octavo 
 volume, of 704 pages, handsomely printed, with nearly 350 illustrations on wood. 
 
 GREGORY (WILLIAM), F. R. S. E., 
 LETTERS TO A CANDID INQUIRER ON ANIMAL MAGNETISM. 
 
 In one neat volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp. 384. 
 
16 
 
 BLANCHARD 5c LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 GROSS (SAMUEL D.), M . D., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the University of Louisville, &c. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES, INJURIES, AND 
 
 MALFOPv^MATIONS OF THE UEINARY BLADDER, THE PROSTATE GLAND, AJMD 
 THE URETHRA. Second Edition, revised and much enlarged, with one hundred and eighty- 
 lour illustrations. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, of over nine hundred pages. 
 (Now Ready.) 
 
 The author has availed himself of the opportunity afforded by a call for a new edition of this 
 "work, to thoroughly revise and render it in every respect worthy, so far as in his power, of ihe very 
 flattering reception whicn has been accorded to it by the profession. The new matter thus added 
 amounts to almost one-third of the original work, while the number of illustrations has been nearly 
 doubled. These additions pervade every portion of the work, which thus has rather the aspect of 
 a new treatise than a new edition. In its present improved form, therefore, it may confidently be 
 presented as a complete and reliable storehouse of information on this important class of diseases, 
 and as in every way fitted to maintain the position which it has acquired in Europe and in this 
 country," as the standard of authority on the subjects treated of. 
 
 On the appearance of the first edition of this work, I away this reproach ; and so completely has the task 
 the leading English medical review predicted that it I been fulfilled, that we venture to predict for Dr. 
 U'ould have a " permanent place m the literature of \ Gross's treatise a permanent place in the literature 
 surgery worthy to rank witii the best works of the \ of surgery, worthy to rank with the best works of 
 present nge." This prediction has been amply ful- \ the present age. Not merely is the matter good, 
 filled. Dr. Gross's treatise has been found to sup- i but the getting up of the volume is most creditable 
 ply completely the want \vhich has been felt ever , to transatlantic enterprise; the paper and print 
 since the elevation of surgery to the rank of science, would do credit to a first-rate London establishment; 
 of a good practical treatise on the diseases of the ; and the numerous wood-cuts which illustrate it, de- 
 bladder and its accessory organs. Philosiphical in monstrate that America is makin? rapid advances in 
 its design, methodical in its arrangement, ample and : this department of art. We have, indeed, unfeigned 
 sound in its practical details, it may in truth be said ; pleasure in congratulating all concerned in this pub- 
 to leave scarcely anything to be desired on so im- lication, on the result of their labours; and expe- 
 portant a subject, and with the additions and modi- rience a feeling something like ■whatanimates a long- 
 fications resulting from future discoveries and im- expectanthusbandman,-ivho,oftentimesdisappointed 
 provements, it will probably remain one of the most ; by the produce of a favorite field, is at last agree- 
 valuable works on this subject so long as the science \ ably surprised by a stately crfip which may bear 
 (if medicine shall exist. — Boston Med. and Surg. [ comparison with any of its former rivals. The 
 Journal, June 7, 1S55. . grounds of our high appreciation of the work will 
 
 Avolume replete with truths and' principles of the ^^ obvious as we proceed; and we doubt not that 
 utmost value in the investigation of these diseases.— ' the present facilities for obtaining American books 
 American Medical Journal. I will induce many of our readers to verify our re- 
 
 __ „ 1. , ,. 11 I.- , commendation b}' their own perusal of it. — Brtttsh 
 
 Dr. Gross has brought all his learning, experi- and Foreign Medico-Chirursical Review. 
 ence, tact, and judgment to the task, and has pro- 
 
 duced a work worthy of his high reputation. We 
 feel perfectly safe in recommending it to our read- 
 ers as a monograph unequalled in interest and 
 practical value by any other on the subject in our 
 language. — Western Journal of Med. and Surg. 
 It has remained for an American writer to wipe 
 
 Whoever will peruse the vast amount of valuable 
 practical information it contains, and which we 
 have been unuble even to notice, will, we think, 
 agree ■with us, that there is no work in the English 
 I language w^hich can make any just pretensions to 
 be its equal. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (J USt Issiced). 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON FOREIGN BODIES IN THE AIR-PAS- 
 
 SAGES. In one handsome octavo volume, with illustrations, pp. 468. 
 
 A very elaborate w^ork. It is a complete summary i a most interesting and hitherto a most neglected de- 
 o{ the whole subject, and will be a useful book of partment of surgical pathology and practice. — St. 
 ~ ■ ■ ' ■ ~ ■ -- -■ - Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, May, lass. 
 
 reference. — British and Foreign Medico-Chirurg 
 Review. 
 
 A liighly valuablebnok of reference on a most im- 
 portant subject in the practice of medicine. We 
 conclude by recommending it to our readers, fully 
 persuaded that its perusal will afford them much 
 practi^-al information well conveyed, evidently de- 
 
 Surgical authors, isolated reports in medical pe- 
 riodicals and modern surgeons ' blend their common 
 toil" to make a book which exhausts the subject, 
 and must forever remain the standard vi'ork on the 
 management of this accident. — Buffalo Med. Joum. 
 
 We consider this ^vork one of the most important 
 
 rived from considerable experience and deduced from ! ^f the recent additions to practical surgery." Con- 
 an ample collection of {acts. — Dublin Quarterly taining all that has been recorded relating to the 
 Journal, May, luoa. | pj^ss of accidents of which it treats, admirably 
 
 In this valuable monograph Dr. Gross has cer- arranged and systematized, it should find a place in 
 tainly struck a ne"w lead in Surgery, and is entitled every medical library. — Montreal Med. Chronicle. 
 to the credit of having illustrated and systematized I 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Preparing.) 
 
 A SYSTEM OF SURGERY ; Diagnostic, Pathological, Therapeutic, and Opera- 
 tive. With very numerous engravings on wood. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY; illustrated by colored En- 
 
 gravings, and two hundred and fifty wood-cuts. Second edition, thoroughly revised and greatly 
 enlarged. In one very large and handsome imperial octavo volume, pp. S22. 
 
 "We recommend it as the most complete, and, on The colored engravings and wood-cuts are exceed- 
 the whole, the least defective compilation on the | ingly well executed, and the entire getting upof the 
 subject in the English language. — Brit, and For. I work doesmuch credit to theenterprising publishers. 
 Med. Journal. We regard it as one of the most valuable works 
 
 It is altogether the most complete exposition of I ever issued from the American press, and it does 
 Pathological Anatomy in our language.— ^OTfncan ! f<=at honor alike to the author and the country of 
 Journal of Medical Sciences. | '"» birth.— A'. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 It is the most complete and useful svstematic work ! '^^^^ commend it to the attention of the profession 
 on Pathological Anatomy in the English language. , as one of the best extant upon the subject on which 
 
 ° ° ° 1 it treats. — Southern Journal Med. and Pharmacy. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 17 
 
 GLUGE (GOTTLIEB), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Physiology and Pathological Anatomy in the University of Brussels, &c. 
 
 AN ATLAS OF PATHOLOGICAL HISTOLOGY. Translated, with Notes 
 
 and Additions, by Joseph Leidy, M. D., Professor of Anatomy in tlie Uni%'^ersity of Pennsylva- 
 nia. In one volume, very large imperial quarto, with three hundred and twenty figures, plain 
 and colored, on twelve copperplates. 
 
 This being, as far as we know, the only work in the unconnected observations of a great number of 
 which pathological histology is separately treated authors. The development of the morbid tissues, 
 of in a comprehensive manner, it \vill,'we think, for and the formation of abnormal products, may now 
 this reason, be of infinite service to those who desire be followed and studied with the same ease and 
 to investigate the subject systematically, and who satisfaction as the best arranged system of phy- 
 have felt the difficulty of arranging in their mind siology. — American Med. Journal. 
 
 GARDNER (D. PEREIRA), M. D. 
 MEDICAL CHExMISTKY, for the use of Students and the Profession : being a 
 
 Manual of the Science, with its Applications to Toxicology, Physiology, Therapeutics, Hygiene, 
 &c. In one handsome royal i2mo. volume, of about 400 pages, with illustrations. 
 
 HASSE (C. EJ, M. D. 
 AN ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DISEASES OF RESPIRA- 
 TION AND CIRCULATION. Translated and Edited by Swaine. In one volume, octavo. 
 
 HARRISON (JOHN), M.D. 
 AN ESSAY TOWARDS A CORRECT THEORY OF THE NERVOUS 
 
 SYSTEM. In one octavo volume, 292 pages. 
 
 HUNTER (JOHN). 
 TREATISE ON THE VENEREAL DISEASE. With copious Additions, by 
 
 Dr. Ph. PwIcord, Surgeon to the Venereal Hospital of Paris. Edited, with additional Notes, by 
 F. J. BuMSTEAD, M. D. In one octavo volume, with plates {Noiv Ready.) ^^ See Uicord. 
 Also, HUNTER'S COMPLETE WORKS, with Memoir, Notes, &c. &c. In four neat octavo 
 volumes, with plates. 
 
 HUGHES (H. MJ, M. D., 
 
 Assistant Phj'sician to Guy's Hospital, &c. 
 
 A CLINICAL INTRODUCTION TO THE PRACTICE OF AUSCULTA- 
 TION, and other Modes of Physical Diagnosis, in Diseases of the Lungs and Heart. Second 
 American from the Second and Improved London Edition. In one royal 12mo. vol. pp. 304. 
 
 HORNER (WILLIAM E.), M. D,, 
 Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 SPECIAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY. Eighth edition. Extensively 
 
 revised and modified. In two large octavo volumes, of more than one thousand pages, hand- 
 somely printed, with over three hundred illustrations. 
 
 This work has enjoyed a thorough and laborious revision on the part of the author, with the 
 view of bringing it fully up to the existing state of knowledge on the subject of general and special 
 anatomy. To adapt it more perfectly to the wants of the student, he has introduced a large number 
 of additional wood-engravings, illustrative of the objects described, while the publishers have en- 
 deavored to render the mechanical execution of the work worthy of the extended reputation which 
 it has acquired. The demand which has carried it to an EIGHTH EDITION is a sufficient evi- 
 dence of the value of the work, and of its adaptation to the wants of the student and professional 
 reader. 
 
 HOBLYN (RICHARD D.), A. M. 
 A DICTIONARY OF THE TERMS USED m MEDICINE AND THE 
 
 COLLATERAL SCIENCES. New and much improved American Edition. Revised, with 
 numerous Additions, from the last London edition, by Isaac Hays, M. D., &c. In one large 
 royal 12mo. volume, of over five hundred pages, double columns. (^Now Ready.) 
 In passing this work a second time through the press, the editor has subjected it to a very tho- 
 rough revision, making such additions as the progress of science has rendered desirable, and sup- 
 plying any omissions that may have previously existed. The extent of these additions may be 
 estimated from the fact that this edition contains about one-third more matter than the previous 
 one, notwithstanding which it has been kept at the former very moderate rate. As a concise and 
 convenient Dictionary of Medical Terms, at an exceedingly low price, it will therefore be found of 
 great value to the student and practitioner. 
 
 JONES (T. WHARTON), F. R. S., &,c. 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE 
 
 AND SURGERY. Edited by Isaac Hays, M. D., &c. In one very neat volume, large royal 
 12mo., of 529 pages, with four plates, plain or colored, and ninety-eight wood-cuts. 
 
 The work afiply sustains, in every point the al- 
 ready high reputation of the author as an ophthalmic 
 surgeon as well as a physiologist and pathologist. 
 The book is evidently the result of much labor and 
 research, and has been written with the greatest 
 care and attention. We entertain little doubt that 
 this book will become what its author hoped it 
 
 might become, a manual for daily reference and 
 consultation by the student and the general practi- 
 tioner. The work is marked by that correctness, 
 clearness, and precision of style which distinguish 
 all the productions of the learned author. — British 
 and Foreign Medical Review, 
 
18 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 JONES (C. HANDFIELD), F. R. S., &. EDWARD H. SIEVEKING, M.D., 
 
 Assistant Physicians and Lecturers in St. Mary's Hospital, London. 
 
 A MANUAL OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. First American Edition, 
 
 Revised. With three hundred and ninety-seven handsome wood engravings. la one large and 
 beautiful octavo volume of" nearly seven hundred and fifty pages. {Just Issued.) 
 In a "work like the present, intended as a text-book for the student of pathology, accurate engrav- 
 ings of the various results of morbid action are of the greatest assistance. The American pub- 
 lishers have, therefore, considered that the value of the vi^ork might be enhanced by increasing the 
 number of illll^trations, and, with this object, many wood-cuts, from the best authorities, have been 
 introduced, increasing the number from one hundred and sixty-seven, in the London Edition, to 
 three hundred and ninety-seven in this. The selection of these wood-cuts has been made by a 
 competent member of the profession, who iias supervised the progress of the work through the 
 press, with the view of securing an accurate repruit, and of correcting such errors as had escaped 
 the attention of the authors. 
 
 With these improvements, the volume is therefore presented in the hope of stipplying the ac- 
 knov/ledged want of a work which, within a moderate compass, should embody a condensed and 
 accurate digest of the present state of pathological science, as extended by recent microscopical, 
 chemical, and physiological researches. 
 
 Asa concise text-book, containing^, in a condensed I authors,have not attempted to intrude ne\v views on 
 form, a complete outline of what is known in the i their professional brethren, but simply to lay before 
 d(miain of Pathological Anatomy, it is perhaps the ! them, what has long been wanted, an outline of the 
 best work in the English language. Its great merit present condition of pathological anatomy. In this 
 consists in its completeness and brevity, and in this they have been completely successful. The work is 
 
 respect it supplies a great desideratum in our lite 
 rature. Heretofore the student of pathology was 
 obliged to glean from a great number of monographs, 
 and the field was so extensive that but few cultivated 
 it with any desree of success. The authors of the 
 present W(u-k have sought to corrrct this defect by 
 placing before tiie reader a summary of ascertained 
 facts, together witli the opinions of the most eminent 
 pathologists both of the Old and New World. As a 
 simple work of reference, therefore, it is of great 
 value to the student of pathological anatomy, and 
 should be in every physician's library. — Western 
 Lancet. 
 
 We urge upon our readers and the profession gene- 
 rally the importance of informing themselves in re- 
 gard to modern views of pathology, and recommend 
 to them to procure the work before us as the best 
 means of obtaining this information. — Stethoscope. 
 
 one of the best compilations which we have ever 
 perused. The opinions and discoveries of all the 
 leading pathologists and physiologists are engrossed, 
 so that by reading any subject treated in tlie book 
 you have a synopsis of the views of the most ap- 
 proved a.utliots.-^Charleston Medical Journal and 
 Review. 
 
 We have no hesitation in recommending it as 
 worthy of careful and thorough study by every mem- 
 ber of the profession, old, or young. — N. W. Med. 
 and Surg. Journal. 
 
 From the casual examination we have given ^ve 
 are inclined to regard it as a text-book, plain, ra- 
 tional, and intelligible, such a book as the practical 
 man needs for daily reference. For this reason it 
 will be likely to be largely useful, as it suits itself 
 to those busv men who have little time for minute 
 investigation, and prefer a summary to an elaborate 
 
 In offering the above titled work to the public, the 1 treatise.— BMjfaio Medical Journal 
 
 KIRKES (WILLIAM SENHOUSE), M. D., 
 
 Demonstrator of Morbid Anatomy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, &c.; and 
 
 JAMES PAGET, F. R. S., 
 
 Lecturer on General Anatomy and Physiology in St. Bartholomew's Hospital. 
 
 A MANUAL OF PHYSIOLOaY. Second American, from the second and 
 
 improved London edition. With one hundred and sixty-five illustrations. In one large and 
 handsome royal 12mo. volume, pp. 550. {Just Issued.) 
 
 In the present edition, the Manual of Physiology 
 has been brought up to the actual condition of the 
 science, and fully sustains the reputation which it 
 has already so deservedly attained. We consider 
 the work of MM. Kirkes and Paget to constitute one 
 of the very best handbooks of Physiology we possess 
 — presenting just such an outline of the science, com- 
 prising an account of its leading facts and generally 
 admitted principles, as the student requires during 
 his attendance upon a course of lectures, or for re- 
 ference whilst preparing for examination. — Am. 
 Medical Journal . 
 
 We need only say, that, without entering into dis- 
 cussions of unsettled questions, it contains all the 
 recent improvements in this department of medical 
 science. For the student beginning this study, and 
 
 the practitioner who has but leisure to refresh his 
 memory, this book is invaluable, as it contains all 
 that it is important to know, without special details, 
 wliich are read with interest only by those who 
 would make a specialty, or desire to possess a criti- 
 cal knowledge of the subject. — Charleston Medical 
 Journal. 
 
 One of the best treatises that can be put into the 
 hands of the student. — London Medical Gazette, 
 
 Particularly adapted to those who desire to pos- 
 sess a concise digest of the facts of Human Physi- 
 ology. — British and Foreign Med.-Chirurg. Review. 
 
 We conscientiously recommend it as an admira- 
 ble "Handbook of Physiology."— iondon Journal 
 of Medicine. 
 
 KNAPP (F.), PH. D., &c. 
 TEGHNOLOGtY ; or, Chemistry applied to the Arts and to Manufactures. Edited, 
 
 with numerous Notes and Additions, by Dr. Edmund Ronalds and Dr. Thomas Richardson. 
 First American edition, with Notes and Additions, by Prof. Walter R. Johnson. In two hand- 
 some octavo volumes, printed and illustrated in the highest style of art, with about five hmidred 
 wood-engravings. 
 
 LONGET (F. A.) 
 TREATISE ON PHYSIOLOGY. With numerous Illustrations. Translated 
 
 from the French by F. G. Smith, M. D., Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsylvania 
 Medical College. {Pre-paring.) 
 
 LALLEMAND (M.). 
 THE CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENT OP SPERMATOR- 
 
 RHCEA. Translated and edited by Henry J. McDougjal. In one volume, octavo, 320 pages. 
 Second American edition. (Just Issued.) 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 19 
 
 LEHMANN (G. CJ 
 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. Translated by George E. Day, M. D., 
 
 and edited by Prof. R. E. Kogers, of the University of Pennsylvania. In two large octavo 
 
 volumes, with nearly two hundred illustrations. (Noiv Ready.) 
 
 This great work, universally recognized as the most complete and authoritative exposition of its 
 intricate and important subject in its most advanced condition, has received every care during its 
 passage through the press, under tlie superintendence of Prof Rogers, to insure the entire accuracy 
 indispensable to a work of this character. It has also been improved b}'' the distribution in the 
 appropriate places throughout the text of the numerous additions and corrections embodied in the 
 Appendix, while a number of illusi rations have been introduced from "Funke's Atlas of Physiological 
 Chemistry," and an Appendix of Plates has been added. The publishers, therefore, trust that it 
 will be found a complete and accurate edition, and in every respect worthy of the reputation of the 
 work. 
 
 The progress of research m this department is so ' and exact view of its present aspect, should lose no 
 rapid, that Prof. Lelimann's treatise must be re- i time in attaching themselves to the Society by which 
 garded as having completely superseded that of, it is in course of publication. — British and Foreign 
 Simon; and all \vho desire to possess a systematic , Medico-Ckiritrgical Revieiv. 
 
 work on Physiological Chemistry by a man who is i rpj^g ^^,^^^ pf Lehmann stands unrivalled as the 
 thoroughly qualified, both by his physiological and ^^^^ comprehensive book of reference and informa- 
 chemical acquirements, by his own eminence iis an ) ^■^^,^ g^^.^^j <,„ ^^ ,3,.^„g,, ^f j,,^ subject on which 
 experimentalist, and by theph.losophic impartiality, jj trtata.-Edinburg Mo7iMy Journal of Medical 
 of his habits of thought, to aiiord a comprehensive i s^jg^gg 
 
 BY THE SAME AtJTHOR. (Now Ready.) 
 
 CHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGY. Translated, with numerous additions, by J. 
 
 Cheston Morris, M. D., with an Introduction by Prof. S. Jackson, of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania. In one handsome octavo volume, with illustrations. 
 
 The original of this work, though but lately issued by its distinguished author, has already 
 assumed the highest position, as presenting in their latest development the modern doctrines and 
 discoveries in the chemistry of life. The numerous additions by the translator, and the Introduc- 
 tion by Professor Jackson will render its physiological aspect more complete than designed by the 
 author, and will adapt it for use as a text-book of physiology, presenthig more thoroughly than has 
 yet been attempted, the modiiications arising from the vast impulse which organic ciiemistry has 
 received within a few years past. 
 
 LAWRENCE (W.), F. R. S., &c. 
 A TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE EYE. A new edition, edited, 
 
 with numerous additions, and 243 illustrations, by Isaac Hays, M. D., Surgeon to Wills Hospi- 
 tal, &c. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, of 950 pages, strongly bound in leather 
 with raised bands. {Lately Issued.) 
 
 This work is so universally recognized as the standard authority on the subject, that the pub- 
 lishers in presenting this new edition have only to remark that in its preparation the editor has 
 carefully revised every portion, introducing additions and illustrations wherever the advance of 
 science has rendered them necessary or desirable. The various important contributions to 
 ophthalmological science, recently made by Dalrymple, Jacob, Walton, Wilde, Cooper, &c., 
 both in the form of separate treatises and contributions to periodicals, have been carefully 
 examined by the editor, and, combined with the results of his own e.xperience, have been 
 freely introduced throughout the volume, rendering it a complete and thorough exponent of 
 the most advanced state of the subject. 
 
 This admirable treatise — the safest guide and most 
 comprehensive work of reference, which is within 
 the reach of the profession. — Stethoscope. 
 
 This standard text-book on the department of 
 which it treats, has not been superseded, by any or 
 all of the numerous publications on the subject 
 heretofore issued. Nor with the multiplied improve- 
 ments of Dr. Hays, the American editor, is it at all 
 
 octavo pages— has enabled both author and editor to 
 do justice" to all the details of this subject, andcon- 
 dense in this single volume the present state of our 
 knowledge of the whole science in this department, 
 whereby its practical value cannot be excelled. We 
 heartily commend it, especially as a book of refe- 
 rence, indispensable in every medical library. The 
 additions of the American editor very greatly en- 
 hance the value of the work, exhibiting the learning 
 likely that this great work will cease to merit the j and experience of Dr. Hays, in the light in which he 
 confidence and preference of students or practition- ! ought to be held, as a standard authority on all sub- 
 ers. Its ample extent — nearly one thousand large | jects appertaining to this specialty. — N.Y. Med.Gaz. 
 
 LEE (ROBERT), M. D., F. R. S., SiC. 
 CLINICAL MIDWIFERY; comprising the Histories of Five Hundred and 
 
 Forty-five Cases of Difficult, Preternatural, and Complicated Labor, with Commentaries. From 
 the second Liondon edition. In one royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of 238 pages. 
 
 LUDLOW (J. L.), M. D,, 
 
 Lecturer on Clinical Medicine at the Philadelphia Almshouse, &c. 
 
 A MANUAL OF EXAMINATIONS upon Anatomy and Physiology, Surgery, 
 
 Practice of Medicine, Chemistry, Obstetrics, Materia Medica, Pharmacy, and Therapeutics. 
 Designed for Students of Medicine throughout the United States. A new edition, revised and 
 improved. In one large royal 12mo. volume, with several hundred illustrations. {Preparing.) 
 
 LISTON (ROBERT), F. R. S,, &c. 
 LECTURES ON THE OPERATIONS OF SURGERY, and on Diseases and 
 
 Accidents requiring Operations. Edited, with numerous Additions and Alterations, by T. D. 
 MiJTTER, M. D. In one large and handsome octavo volume, of 566 pages, with 216 wood-cuts. 
 
20 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 LA ROCHE (R.), M. D., &c. 
 PNEUMONIA ; its Supposed Connection, Pathological and Etiological, with Au- 
 tumnal Feverri, including an Inquiry into the Existence and Morbid Agency of Malaria. In one 
 handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages. 
 
 A more simple, clear, and forcible exposition of I Thiswork should becarefully studied by Southern 
 the groundless nature and dangerous tendency of | physicians, embodying as it does the reflections of 
 certain pathological and etiological heresies, has I an original thinker and close observer on a subject 
 seldom been presented to our notice. — JV. Y. Journal peculiarly their own. — Virginia Med. and Surgical 
 0/ Medicine and Collateral Science. \ Journal. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Now Ready.) 
 
 YELLOW FEVER,, considered in its Historical, Pathological, Etiological, and 
 
 Therapeutical R,elations. Including a Sketch of the Disease as it has occurred in Philadelphia 
 from 1699 to 1854, with an examination of the connections between it and the fevers known under 
 the same name in other parts of teniperate as well as in tropical regions. In two large and 
 hand^ome octavo volumes of nearly 1500 pages. 
 
 The publishers are happy in being able at length fo present to the profession this great work, 
 "whicli they are assured will be regarded as an honor to the medical literature of the country. As 
 the result of many years of personal observation and study, as embodying an intelligent resume of 
 all that has been written regarding the disease, and as exhausting the subject in all its various 
 aspects, these volumes must at once take the position of the standard authority and work of refe- 
 rence on the many important questions brought into consideration. 
 
 From Professor S. U. Dickson, Charleston, S. C, I curate and thorough knowledge of the subject, ae- 
 Septembf.r '18, 1855. quired by ample experience and opportunities for 
 
 A monument of intelligent and well applied re- I investigations both at home and abroad, while he 
 Bearch, almost without example. It is, indeed, in , brings to his task peculiar qualifications by his pro- 
 itself, a large library, and is destined to constitute found learning in all that appertains to the science 
 the sj)eoial resort as a book of reference, in the 
 subject of which it treats, tj all future time. 
 
 This truly great work has just appeared in two 
 
 nd art of healing. We recommend it to the pro- 
 .fession and the public as an able and elaborate r£- 
 snni^ of all that is known on the subject of Yellow 
 Fever, with a vast amount of information upon 
 
 large octavo volumes, and while it will be hailed \ every 'aspect of this important topic, upon which 
 
 throughout our country as a most timely and desira- 
 ble con ribution to American Medical Literature, it 
 will be sought for and read with avidity abroad, for 
 its author has a world-wide reputation in scholastic 
 and practical medicine. Dr. La Roche has an ac- 
 
 the .-iuthor has expended an amount of industry and 
 genius which can never be adequately rewarded, 
 however appreciated by his brethren. — N. Y. Medi- 
 cal Gazette, October, 1655. 
 
 LARDNER (DIONYSIUS), D. C. L., &c. 
 HANDBOOKS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY. 
 
 Revised, with numerous Additions, by the American editor. First Course, containing Mecha- 
 nics, Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Sound, and Optics. In one large royal 12mo. 
 volume, of 750 pages, with 424 wood-cuts. Second Course, containing Heat, Electricity, Mag- 
 netism, and GalvanisiTi, one volume, large royal 12mo., of 450 pages, with 250 illustrations. 
 Third Course ( now ready), containing Meteorology and Astronomy, in one large volume, royal 
 12mo. of nearly eight hundred pages, with thirty-seven plates and two hundred wood-cuts. The 
 whole complete in three volumes, of about two thousand large pages, with over one thousand 
 figures on steel and wood. Any volume sold separate. 
 The various sciences treated in this work will be found brought thoroughly up to the latest period. 
 
 MACKENZIE (W.), M.D., 
 
 Surgeon Oculist in Scotland in ordinary to Her Majesty, &c. &c. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES AND INJURIES OF THE 
 
 EYE. To which is prefixed an Anatomical Introduction explanatory of a Horizontal Section ot 
 the Human Eyeball, by Thomas Wharton Jones, F. R. S. From the Fourth Revised and En- 
 larged London Edition. With Notes and Additions by Addinell Hewson, M. D., Surgeon 10 
 wills Hospital, &:c. &c. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, with plates and numerous 
 wood-cuts. (Now Ready.) 
 
 The treatise of Dr. Mackenzie indisputably holds 1 accordance with the advances in the science which 
 the first place, and forms, in respect of learning and have been made of late years. Nothing worthy of 
 
 research, an EneyclopEedia unequalled in extent by 
 any other work of the kind , either English or foreign. 
 — Dixon on Diseases of the Eye. 
 
 Few modern bonks on any department of medicine 
 or surgery have met with such extended circulation, 
 or have procured for their authors a like amount of 
 European celebrity. The immense research which 
 it displayed, the thorough acquaintance with the 
 subject, practically as well as theoretically, and the 
 able manner in which the author's stores of learning 
 and experience were rendered available for genersil 
 use, at once procured for the first edition, as well on 
 the continent as in this country, that high position 
 as a standard work which each successive edition 
 has more firmly established, in spite of the attrac- 
 tions of several rivals of no mean ability. This, the 
 fourth edition, has been in a great measure re-writ- 
 ten ; new matter, to the extent of one hundred and 
 fifty pages, has been added, and in several instances 
 formerly expressed opinions have been modified in 
 
 repetition upon any branch of the subject appears to 
 have escaped the author's notice. We consider it 
 the duty of every one who has the love of liis profes- 
 sion and the welfare of his patient at heart, to make 
 himself familiar with this the most complete work 
 in the English language upon the diseases of the eye. 
 — Med. Times and Gazette. 
 
 The fourth edition of this standard work will no 
 doubt be as fully appreciated as the three former edi- 
 tions. It is unnecessary to say a word in its praise, 
 for the verdict has already been passed upon it by 
 the most competent judges, and " Mackenzie on the 
 Eye" has justly obtained a reputation which it is 
 no figure of speech to call world-wide. — British and 
 Foreign Medico-C hirurgical Revieio. 
 
 This new edition cf Dr. Mackenzie's celebrated 
 treatise on diseases of the eye, is truly a miracle of 
 industry and learning. We need scarcely say that 
 lie has entirely exhausted the subject of his specialty. 
 — Dublin Quarterly Journal. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 21 
 
 MEIGS (CHARLES D.), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Obstetrics, &c. in the JefTerson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
 
 ON THE NATURE, SIGNS, AND TREATMENT OF CHILDBED 
 
 FEVER. In a Series of Letters addressed to the Students of his Class. In one handsome 
 
 octavo volume, of three hundred and sixty-five pages. {Now Ready.) 
 
 This book will add more to his fame than either 
 of those which bear his name. Indeed we doubt 
 whether any material improvement will be made on 
 
 the teachings of this volume for a century to come, 
 since it is so eminently practical, and based on pro- 
 found knowledge of the science and consummate 
 skill in the ar« of healing, and ratified by an ample 
 and extensive experience, such as few men have the 
 industry or good fortune to acquire. — N. Y. Med. 
 Gazette, 
 
 The instructive and interesting author of this 
 work, whose previous labors in the department of 
 medicine which he so sedulously cultivates, have 
 placed his countrymen under deep and abiding obli- 
 gations, again challenges their admiration in the 
 fresh and vigorous, attractive and racy pages before 
 ns. It is a delectable book. * * * This treatise 
 upon child-bed fevers will have an extensive sale, 
 being destined, as it deserves, to find a place in the 
 library of every practitioner who scorns to lag in the 
 rear of his brethren. — Nashville Journal of Medi- 
 cine and Surgery. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 WOMAN : HER DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. A Series of Lee- 
 
 lures to his Class. Third and Improved edition. In one large and beautifully printed octavo 
 
 volume. {Just Issued.) pp. 672. 
 
 The gratifying appreciation of his labors, as evinced by the exhaustion of two large impressions 
 of this work within a few years, has not been lost upon the author, who has endeavored in every 
 way to render it vrorthy of the favor with which it has been received. The opportunity thus 
 aflbrded for a second revision has been improved, and the work is now presented as in every way 
 superior to its predecessors, additions and alterations having been made whenever the advance of 
 science has rendered them desirable. The typographical execution of the work will also be found 
 to have undergone a similar improvement and the work is now confidently presented as in every 
 way worthy the position it has acquired as the standard American text-book on the Diseases of 
 Females. 
 
 It contains a vast amount of practical knowledge, 
 by one who has accurately observed and retained 
 the experience of many years, and who tells the re- 
 sult in a free, familiar, and pleasant manner. — Dub- 
 lin Quarterly Journal. 
 
 There is an off-hand fervor, a glow, and a warm- 
 heartedness infecting the effort of Dr. Meigs, which 
 is entirely captivating, and ^vhich absolutely hur- 
 ries the reader through from beginning to end. Be- 
 sides, the book teems with solid instruction, and 
 it shows the very highest evidence of ability, viz., 
 the clearness with which the information is pre- 
 sented. We know of no better test of one's under- 
 standing a subject than the evidence of the power 
 of lucidly explaining it. The most elementary, as 
 well as the obscurest subjects, under the pencil of 
 Prof. Meigs, are isolated and made to stand out in 
 
 such bold relief, as to produce distinct impressions 
 upon the mind and memory of the reader. — Thi 
 Charleston Med. Journal. 
 
 Professor Meigs has enlarged and amended this 
 great work, for such it unquestionably is, having 
 passed the ordeal of criticism at home and abroad, 
 but been improved thereby ; for in this new edition 
 the author has introd\iced real improvements, and 
 increased the value and utility of the book im- 
 measurably. It presents so many novel, bright, 
 and sparkling thoughts; such an exuberance of new 
 ideas on almost every page, that we confess our- 
 selves to have become enamored with the book 
 and its author; and cannot withhold our congratu- 
 lations from our Philadelphia confreres, that such a 
 teacher is in their service. — N. Y. Med. Gazette. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 OBSTETRICS : THE SCIENCE AND THE ART. Second edition, revised 
 
 and improved. With one hundred and thirty-one illustrations. In one beautifully printed octavo 
 volume, of seven hundred and fifty-two large pages. {Lately Published.) 
 
 The rapid demand for a second edition of this work is a sufficient evidence that it has supplied 
 a desideratum of the profession, notwithstanding the numerous treatises on the same subject which 
 have appeared within the last few years. Adopting a system of his own, the author has combined 
 the leading principles of his interesting and difficult subject, with a thorough exposition of its rules 
 of practice, presenting the results of long and extensive experience and of familiar acquaintance 
 with all the modern writers on this department of medicine. As an American Treatise on Mid- 
 wifery, which has at once assumed the position of a classic, it possesses peculiar claims to the at- 
 tention and study of the practitioner and student, while the numerous alterations and revisions 
 which it has undergone in the present edition are shown by the great enlargement of the work, 
 which is not only increased as to the size of the page^but also in the number. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Lately FtibUshed.) 
 
 A TREATISE ON ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE NECK 
 
 OF THE UTERUS. With numerous plates, drawn and colored from nature in the highest 
 style of art. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth. 
 
 The object of the author in this work has been to present in a small compass the practical results 
 of his long experience in this important and distressing class of diseases. The great changes intro- 
 duced into practice, and the accessions to our knowledge on the subject, within the last few years, 
 resulting from the use of the metroscope, brings within the ordinary practice of every physician 
 numerous cases which were formerly regarded as incurable, and renders of great value a work like 
 the present combining practical directions for diagnosis and treatment with an ample series of illus- 
 trations, copied accurately from colored drawings made by the author, after nature. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS ON CERTAIN OF THE DISEASES 
 
 CHILDREN. In one handsome octavo volume, of 214 pages. 
 
 OF YOUNa 
 
22 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 MACLISE (JOSEPH), SURGEON. 
 SURGrlGAL ANATOMY. Forming one volume, very large imperial quarto. 
 
 With sixty-eight large and splendid Plates, drawn in the best style and beautifully colored. Con- 
 taining one hundred and ninety Figures, many of them the size of life. Together with copious 
 and explanatory letter-press. Strongly and handsomely bound in extra cloth, being one of the 
 cheapest and best executed Surgical works as yet issued in this country. 
 
 Copies can be sent by mail, in five parts, done up in stout covers. 
 
 This great work being now concluded, the publishers confidently present it to the attention of the 
 profession as worthy in every respect of their approbation and patronage. No complete work o( 
 the kind has yet been published in the English language, and it therefore will supply a want long 
 felt in this country of an accurate and comprehensive Atlas of Surgical Anatomy to which the 
 student and practitioner can at ail times refer, to ascertain the exact relative position of the various 
 portions of the human frame towards each other and to the surface, as well as their abnormal de- 
 viations. The importance of such aw^ork to the student in the absence of anatomical material, and 
 to the practitioner when about attempting an operation, is evident, while the price of the book, not- 
 withstanding the large size, beauty, and finish of the very numerous illustrations, is so low as lo 
 place it within the reach of every member of the profession. The publishers therefore confidently 
 anticipate a very extended circulation for this magnificent work. 
 
 of keeping up his anatomical knowledge. — Medical 
 Times. 
 The mechanical execution cannot be excelled. — 
 
 One of the greatest artistic triumphs of the age 
 in Surgical Anatomy. — British American Medical 
 Journal. 
 
 Too much cannot be said in its praise; indeed, 
 we have not language to do it Justice. — Ohio Medi- 
 cal and Surgical Journal. 
 
 The most admirable surgical atlas we have seen. 
 To the practitioner deprived of demonstrative dis- 
 sections upon the human subject, it is an invaluable 
 companion. — N. J. Medical Reporter. 
 
 The most accurately engraved and beautifully 
 colored plates ^ve have ever seen in an American 
 book — one of the best and cheapest surgical works 
 ever published. — Buffalo Medical Journal. 
 
 It is very rare that so elegantly printed, bo well 
 illustrated, and so useful a work, is offered at so 
 moderate a price. — Charleston Medical Journal. 
 
 Its plates can boast a superiority which places 
 them almost beyond the reach of competition. — Medi- 
 cal Exaininer. 
 
 Every practitioner, we think, should have a work 
 of this kind within reach. — Southern Medical and 
 Surgical Journal. 
 
 No such lithographic illustrations of surgical re- 
 gions have hitherto, we think, been given. — Boston 
 Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 As a surgical anatomist, Mr. Maclise has proba- 
 bly no superior. — British and Foreign Medico-Chi- 
 rurgical Review. 
 
 Of great value to the student engaged in dissect- 
 ing, and to the surgeon at a distance from the means 
 
 Transylvania Medical Journal. 
 
 A work which has no parallel in point of accu- 
 racy and cheapness in the English language. — N. Y. 
 Journal of Medicine. 
 
 To all engaged in the study or practice of their 
 profession, such a w^ork is almost indispensable. — 
 Dublin Quarterly Medical Journal. 
 
 No practitioner whose means will admit should 
 fail to possess it. — E.anking's Abstract. 
 
 Country practitioners will find these plates of im- 
 mense value. — N. Y. Medical Ga,zette. 
 
 We are extremely gratified to announce to the 
 profession the completion of this truly magnificent 
 work, which, as a ^vhole, certainly stands unri- 
 valled, both for accuracy of drawing, beauty of 
 coloring, and all the requisite explanations of the 
 subject in hand. — The New Orleans Medical and 
 Surgical Journal. 
 
 This is by far the ablest work on Surgical Ana- 
 tomy that has come under our observation. We 
 know of no other work that would justify a stu- 
 dent, in any degree, for neglect of actual dissec- 
 tion. Jn those sudden emergencies that so often 
 arise, and which require the instantaneous command 
 of minute anatomical know^ledge, a work of this kind 
 keeps the details of the dissecting-room perpetually 
 fresh in the memory — The Western Journal of Medi- 
 cine and Surgery. 
 
 The very low price at which this work is furnished, and the beauty of its execution, 
 require an extended sale to compensate the publishers for the heavy expenses incui-red. 
 
 MULLER (PROFESSOR J.), M. D. 
 PKINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND METEOROLOGY. Edited, with Addi- 
 
 tions, by E,. Eglesfeld Griffith, M. D. In one large and handsome octavo volume, extra 
 cloth, with 550 wood-cuts, and two colored plates, pp. 636. 
 
 The Physics of MQller isa^vork superb, complete, | tion to the scientific records of this country may be 
 unique : the greatest want kno\vn lo English Science | duly estimated by tlie fact that the cost of the oriei- 
 could not have been better supplied. The work is ] nal drawings and engravings alone has exceeded the 
 of surpassing interest. The value of this contribu- | sum of £2,U00. — Lancet. 
 
 MAYNE (JOHN), M. D,, M. R. C. S. 
 
 A DISPENSATORY AND THERAPEUTICAL REMEMBRANCER. Com- 
 
 prising the entire lists of Materia Mediea, with every Practical Formula contained ui the three 
 British Pharmacopoeias. With relative Tables subjoined, illustrating, by upwards of six hundred 
 and sixty examples, the Extemporaneous Forms and Combinations suitable for the different 
 Medicines. Edited, with the addition of the Formulffi of the United States Pharmacopneia, by 
 R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M. D. In one 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of over 300 large pages. 
 
 MATTEUCCI (CARLO). 
 LECTURES ON THE PHYSICAL PHENOMENA OF LIVING BEINGS. 
 
 Edited by J. Peeeiea, M. D. In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, with cuts, 388 pages. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 23 
 
 MILLER (JAMES), F. R. S. E., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the University of Edinburgh, &c. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY. A new American, from the third and revised 
 
 Edinburgh edition. In one large and very beautiful volume, of about seven hundred pages, with 
 
 two hundred and forty exquisite illustrations on wood. (Now Ready.) 
 
 This edition is far superior, both in the abundjince 
 and quality of its material, to any of the preceding. 
 We hope it will be extensively read, and the sound 
 principles which are herein taught treasured uji for 
 future applioiition. The work takes rank with 
 
 Watson's Practice of Physio; it certainly does not 
 fall behind that great work in soundness of princi- 
 ple or depth of reasoning and research. No physi- 
 cian who values his reputation, or seeks the interests 
 of his clients, can acquit himself before his God and 
 the world without making himself familiar with the 
 sound and philosophical views developed in the fore- 
 going book. — New Orleans Med. and Surg . J ournal . 
 
 Without doubt the ablest exposition of the prin- 
 ciples of that branch of the healing art in any lan- 
 
 guage. This opinion, deliberately formed after a 
 careful study of the first edition, we have had no 
 cause to change on examining the second. This 
 edition has undergone thorough revision by the au- 
 thor; many expressions have been moditied, and a 
 mass of new matter introduced. The book is got up 
 in the finest style, and is an evidence of the progress 
 of typography in our country.— CAaWesion Medical 
 Journal and Review. 
 
 We recommend it to both student and practitioner, 
 feeling assured that as it now comes to us, it pre- 
 sents the most satisfactory exposition of tlie modern 
 doctrines of the principles of surgery to be found in 
 any volume in any language. — N. Y. Journal of 
 Medicine. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Late/]/ Published.) 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Third American from the second Edin- 
 
 burgh edition. Edited, with Additions, by F. W. Sargent, M. D , one of the Surgeons to Will's 
 Hospital, &c, Illustrated by three hundred and nineteen engravings on wood. In one large 
 octavo volume, of over ^even hundred pages. 
 
 No encomium of ours could add to the popuhirity 
 of Miller's Surgery. Its reputation in this country 
 is unsurpassed by that of any other w<n-k, and, when 
 taken in connection with the author's Principles of 
 Surgery, constitutes a whole, without reference to 
 which no conscientious surgeon would be willing 
 to practice his art. The additions, by Dr. Sargent, 
 have materially enhanced the value of the work. — 
 Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 It is seldom that two volumes have ever made so 
 profound an impression in so short a time as the 
 "Principles" and the " Piaftice" of Surgery by 
 Mr. Miller — or so richly merited the reputation they 
 have acquired. The author is an eminently sensi- 
 ble, practical, and well-informed man, who kno^vs 
 exactly what he is talking about and exactly how to 
 talk it. — Kentucky Medical Recorder. 
 
 The two volumes together form a complete expose 
 of the present state of Surgery, and they ought to be 
 on the shelves of every surgeon. — JV. /. Med. Re- 
 porter. 
 
 By the almost unanimous voice of the profession, 
 his works, both on the principles and practice of 
 surgery have been assigned the highest rank. If we 
 were limited to but one work on surgery, that one 
 should be Miller's, as we regard it as superior to all 
 others. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 The author distinguished alike as a practitioner 
 and writer, has in this and his " Principles,'' pre- 
 sented to the profession oneof the most complete and 
 reliable systems of Surgery extant. His style of 
 writing is original, impressive, and engaging, ener- 
 getic, concise, and lucid. Few have the faculty of 
 condensing so much in small space, and at the same 
 time so persistently holding the attention; indeed, 
 he appears to make the very process of condensation 
 a means of eliminating attractions. Whether as a 
 text-book for students or a book of reference for 
 practitioners, it cannot be too strongly recommend- 
 ed. — Southern Journal of the Medical and Physical 
 Sciences. 
 
 MALGAIGNE (J. F.). 
 OPERATIVE SURGERY, based on Normal and Pathological Anatomy. Trans- 
 lated from the French, by Frederick Brittan, A. B., M. D. With numerous illustrations on 
 wood. In one handsome octavo volume, of nearly six hundred pages. 
 
 MOHR (FRANCIS) PH. D., AND REDWOOD (TH EOPH I LUS). 
 PRACTICAL PHARMACY. Comprising the Arrangements, Apparatus, and 
 
 Manipulations of the Pharmaceutical Shop and Laboratory. Edited, with extensive Additions, 
 by Prof. William Procter, of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In one handsomely 
 printed octavo volume, of 570 pages, with over 500 engravings on wood. 
 
 NEILL (JOHN), M. D., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the Pennsylvania Medical College, &c. 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE ARTERIES. With short Descriptions. Designed for 
 
 the Use of Medical Students. With handsome colored plates. Second and improved edition. 
 In one octavo volume, extra cloth. 
 
 OUTLINES OP THE NERVES. With short Descriptions. Designed for the 
 
 Use of Medical Students. With handsome plates. Second and improved edition. In one octavo 
 volume, extra cloth. 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE VEINS AND LYMPHATICS. With short Descrip- 
 tions. Designed for the Use of Medical Students. With handsome colored plates. In one octavo 
 volume, extra cloth. 
 
 ALSO — The three works done up in one handsome volume, half bound, with numerous plates, pre- 
 senting a complete view of the Circulatory, Nervous, and Lymphatic Systems. 
 
 This book should be in the hand of every medical 
 student. It is cheap, portable, and precisely the 
 thing needed in studying an important, though diifi- 
 cult part of Anatomy. — Boston Med. and Surg. 
 Journal. 
 
 We recommend every student of medicine to pur- 
 chase a ctipy of this work, as a labor-saving ma- 
 chine, admirably adapted to refresh the memory, 
 with knowledge gained by lectures, dissections, 
 
 and the reading of larger works. — JV. Y. Journal of 
 Medicine. 
 
 This work is from the pen of a Philadelphia ana- 
 tomist, whose familiar knowledge of the subject has 
 been aided by the press, tlie result of which is a vo- 
 lume of great beauty and excellence. Its fine exe- 
 cution commends it to the student of Anatomy. It 
 requires no other recoinmendationa. — Western Journ, 
 of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
24 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 NEILL (JOHN), M. D., 
 
 Sargjeon to the Pennsylvania Hospital, &c.; and 
 
 f'rancis gurney smith, m. d., 
 
 Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsj'lvania Medical College. 
 
 AN ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM OF THE YARIOUS BRANCHES 
 
 OF MEDICAL SCIENCE ; for the Use and Examination of Students. A new edition, revised 
 and improved. In one very large and handsomely printed royal 12mo. volume, of about one 
 thotisand pages, with three hundred and *eventy-four illustrations on wood. Strongly bound in 
 . leather, with raised bands. {Nojo Ready.) 
 
 The speedy sale of a large impression of this work has afforded to the authors gratifying evidence 
 of the correctness of the views which actuated them in its preparation. In meeting the demand 
 for a second edition, they have therefore been desirous to render it more worthy of the favor with 
 which it has been received. To accomplish this, they have spared neither time nor labor in embo- 
 dying in it such discoveries and improvements as have been made since its first appearance, and 
 such alterations as have been suggested by its practical use in the class and examination-room. 
 Considerable modifications have thus been introduced throughout all the departments treated of in 
 the volume, but more especially in the portion devoted to the "Practice of Medicine," which has 
 been entirely rearranged and rewritten. 
 
 Notwithstanding the enlarged size and improved execution of this work, the price has not been 
 increased, and it is confidently presented as one of the cheapest volumes now before the profession. 
 
 In the rapid course of lectures, where work for 
 the students *is heavy, and review necessary for an 
 examination, a corapend is not only valuable, but 
 it is almost a sine qua non. The one before us is, 
 in most of the divisions, the most unexceptionable 
 of all bonks of the kind that we know of. The 
 newest and soundest doctrines and the latest im- 
 provements and discoveries are explicitly, though 
 concisely, laid before the student. Of course it is 
 useless for us to recommend it to all last course 
 students, but there is a class to whom we very 
 sincerely commend this cheap book as worth its 
 weight in silver — that class is the graduates in 
 medicine of more tlian ten years' standing, who 
 have not studied medicine since. They vtfill perhaps 
 find out from it that the science is not exactly now 
 what it was when they left it off. — Tke Stethoscope. 
 
 Having made free use of this volume in our ex- 
 aminations of pupils, we can speak from experi- 
 ence in recommending it as an admirable compend 
 for students, and as especially useful to preceptors 
 who examine their pupils. It will save the teacher 
 much labor by enabling him readily to recall all of 
 the points upon which his pupils should be ex- 
 amined. A work of this sort should be in the hands 
 of every one who takes pupils into his office with a 
 view of examining them; and this is unquestionably 
 the best of its class. Let every practitioner who has 
 pupils provide himself with it, and he will find the 
 labor of refreshing his knowledge so much facilitated 
 that he will be able to do justice to his pupils at very 
 little cost of time or trouble to himself. — Transyl- 
 vania Med. Journal. 
 
 NELIGAN (J. MOORE), M. D., M. R. I. A., &.c. 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. In on« 
 
 neat royal 12mo. volume, of 334 pages. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Just Ready.) 
 
 ATLAS OF CUTANEOUS DISEASES. In one beautiful quarto volume, with 
 
 splendid colored plates, presenting nearly one hundred elaborate representations of disease. 
 
 This beautiful volume is intended to accompany the author's " Treatise on Diseases of the Skin," 
 so favorably received by the profession some years since. In the description of the plates, reference 
 is made to the chapter and page of the " Treatise," so that together the two constitute, at a much 
 smaller cost than has been hitherto attempted, a complete work of reference for the Diagnosis and 
 Treatment of this difficult class of diseases, which, more than any other, perhaps, require this mode 
 of pictorial elucidation. 
 
 Dr. Neligan deserves our best thanks for this 1 ence to the chapter of that work where the disease 
 attempt to supply a want which has been long felt. | receives special mention. Great care has evidently 
 For a small sum he here presents us with an Atlas \ been taken to procure proper subjects for the artist 
 containing some ninety plates of the more com- j and the daguerreotype, which has been employed in 
 mon and rarer forms of affections of the skin, and ] several of the plates, " to secure correctness in the 
 for the benefit of those who possess his useful design." — Edinburgh, Medical Journal, September, 
 Manual, he supplies with each illustration a refer- j 1S55. 
 
 OWEN (PROF. R.), 
 
 Author of" Lectures on Comparative Anatomy," " Archetype of the Skeleton," &c. 
 
 ON THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE SKELETON, AND OF THE 
 
 TEETH. One vol. royal 12mo., with numerous illustrations. {Just Isstied.) 
 
 PANCOAST (JJ, M. D., 
 
 Professor of Anatomy in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, &c. 
 
 OPERATIVE SURGERY; or, A Description and Demonstration of the various 
 
 Processes of the Art; including all the New Operations, and exhibiting the State of Surgical 
 Science in its present advanced condition. Complete in one royal 4lo. volume, of 3S0 pages ol 
 letter-press description and eighty large 4to. plates, comprising 486 illustrations. Second edition, 
 improved. 
 
 This excellent work is constructed on the model 
 of the French Surgical Works by Velpeau and Mal- 
 gaigaej and, bo far as the English language is con- 
 
 cerned, we are proud as an American to say that, 
 OF ITS KIND IT HAS NO SUPERIOR. — iV. Y. Journal of 
 Medicine. 
 
 PARKER (LANGSTON), 
 
 Surgeon to the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham. 
 
 THE MODERN TREATMENT OF SYPHILITIC DISEASES, BOTH PRI- 
 MARY AND SECONDARY; comprisingtheTreatmentof Constitutional and Confirmed Syphi- 
 lis, by a safe and successful method. With numerous Cases, Formulae, and Clinical Observa- 
 tions. From the Third and entirely rewritten London edition. In one neat octavo volume, 
 of 316 pages. (Just Issued.) 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 25 
 
 (Now Complete.) 
 
 PEREIRA (JONATHAN), M. D., F. R. S., AND L. S. 
 
 THE ELEMENTS OP MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS. 
 
 Third American edition, enlarged and improved by the author; including Notices of most of the 
 Medicinal Substances in use in the civilized world, and forming an Encyclopfedia of Materia 
 Medica. Edited, with Additions, by Joseph Carson, M. D., Professor of Materia Mediea and 
 Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania. In two very large octavo volumes of 2100 pages, 
 on small type, with over four hundred and fifty illustrations. 
 Volume I. — Lately issued, containing the Inorganic Materia Medica, over 800 pages, with 145 
 
 illustrations. 
 Volume II. — Now ready, embraces the Organic Materia Mediea, and forms a very large octavo 
 volume of 1250 pages, with two plates and three hundred handsome wood-cuts. 
 The present edition of this valuable and standard work will enhance in every respect its well- 
 deserved reputation. The care bestowed upon its revision by the author may be estimated by the 
 fact that its size has been increased by about five hundred pages. These additions have extended 
 to every portion of the work, and embrace not only the materials afforded by the recent editions of 
 the pharmacopoeias, but also all the important information accessible to the care and industry of 
 tiie author in treatises, essays, memoirs, monographs, and from correspondents in various parts of 
 the globe. In this manner the work comprises the most recent and reliable information respecting 
 all the articles of the Materia Medica, their natural and commercial history, chemical and thera- 
 peutical properties, preparation, uses, doses, and modes of administration, brought up to the present 
 time, with a completeness not to be met with elsewhere. A considerable portion of the work 
 ■v^'hich preceded the remainder in London, has also enjoyed the advantage of a further revision by 
 the author expressly' for this country, and in addition to this the editor. Professor Carson, has made 
 whatever additions appeared desirable to adapt it thoroughly to the U. S. Pharmacoposia, and to 
 the wants of the American profession. An equal improvement will likewise be observable in every 
 department of its mechanical execution. It is printed from new type, on good white paper, with a 
 greatly extended and improved series of illustrations. 
 
 Gentlemen who have the first volume are recommended to complete their copies without delay. 
 The first volume will no longer be sold separate. 
 
 AVhen we remember that Philology, Natural His- 
 tory, Botany, Chemistry, Physics, and the Micro- 
 scope, are all brought forward to elucidate the sub- 
 ject, one cannot fail to see that the reader has here 
 a work ^vorthy of the name of an encyclopedia of 
 Materia Medica. Our own opinion of its merits is 
 that of its editors, and also that of the whole profes- 
 sion, both of this and foreign countries— namely, 
 " that in copiousness of details, in extent, variety, 
 and accuracy of information, and in lucid explana- 
 tion of difficult and recondite subjects, it surpasses 
 all other works on Materia Medica hitherto pub- 
 lished." We cannot close this notice without allud- 
 ing to the special additions of the American editor, 
 which pertain to the prominent vegetable produc- 
 tions of this country, and to the directions of the 
 United Stales Pharmacopoeia, in connection with all 
 tiie articles contained in the volume which are re- 
 ferred to by it. The illustrations have been increased, 
 and this edition by Dr. Carson cannot well be re- 
 garded in any other light than that of a treasure 
 which sliould be found in the library of every physi- 
 cian. — Neic York Journal of Medical and Collateral 
 Science, March, 1854. 
 
 The third edition of his "Elements of Materia 
 
 Medica, although completed under the supervision of 
 others, is by far the most elaborate treatise in the 
 English language, and will, while medical literature 
 is cherished, continue a monument alike honorable 
 to his genius, as to his learning and industry. — 
 American Journal of Pharmacy, March, 1854. 
 
 The work, in its present shape, and so far as can 
 be judged from the portion before the public, forms 
 the most comprehensive and complete treatise on 
 materia medica extant in the English language. — 
 Dr. Pereira has been at great pains to introduce 
 into his work, not only all the information on the 
 natural, chemical, and commercial history of medi- 
 cines, which might be serviceable to the physician 
 and surgeon, but whatever might enable his read- 
 ers to understand thoroughly the mode of prepar- 
 ing and manufacturing various articles employed' 
 either for preparing medicines, or for certain pur- 
 poses in the arts connected with materia medica 
 and the practice of medicine. The accounts of the 
 physiological and therapeutic effects of remedies are 
 given with great clearness and accuracy, and in a 
 manner calculated to interest as well as instruct 
 the reader. — The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical 
 Journal. 
 
 PEASLEE (E. R.), M. D., 
 Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Dartmouth College, &c. 
 
 HUMAN HISTOLOG-Y, in its applications to Physiology and G-eneral Pathology; 
 
 designed as a Text-Book for Medical Students. With numerous illustrations. In one fiandsome 
 royal 12mo. volume. (Preparing.) 
 
 The subject of this work is one, the growing importance of which, as the basis of Anatomy and 
 Physiology, demands for it a separate volume. The book will therefore supply an acknowledged 
 deficiency in medical text-books, while the name of the author, and his experience as a teacher for 
 the last thirteen years, is a guarantee that it will be thoroughly adapted to the use of the student. 
 
 PIRRIE (WILLIAM), F. R. S. E., 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the University of Aberdeen. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Edited by John 
 
 Neill, M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Penna. Medical College, Surgeon to the Pennsylvania 
 Hospital, &c. In one very handsome octavo volume, of 780 pages, with 316 illustration.^. 
 We know of no other surgical work of a reason- 
 able size, wherein there is so much theory and prac- 
 tice, or where subjects are more soundly or clearly 
 taught. — The Stethoscope. 
 
 There is scarcely a disease of the bone or soft 
 ■parts, fracture, or dislocation, that is not illustrated 
 by accurate wood-engravings. Then, again, every 
 instrument emploj'ed by the surgeon is thus repre- 
 sented. These engravings are not only correct, but 
 really beautiful, showing the astonishing degree of 
 perfection to which the art of wood-engraving has 
 
 arrived. Prof. Pirrie, in the work before us, has 
 elaborately discussed the principles of surgery, and 
 a safe and effectual practice predicated upon them. 
 Perhaps no work upon this subject heretofore issued 
 
 is so full upon the science of the art of surgery. 
 
 Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 One of the best treatises on surgery in the English 
 language. — Canada Med. Journal. 
 
 Our impression is, that, as a manual for students, 
 Pirrie's is the best work extant. — Western Med. ani 
 Surg. Jovrnai. 
 
26 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 PARRISH (EDWARD), 
 
 Lecturer on Practical Pharmacy and Materia Medica in the Pennsylvania Academy of Medicine, &c. 
 
 A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACY. Designed as a Text- 
 
 Book for the Student, and as a Guide to the Physician and Pharmaceutist. With numerous 
 Formulae and over 200 Illustrations. la one hand^^ome octavo volume. {Now Ready.) 
 The vs^ant of an elementary textbook on this subject has long been felt and acknowledged 
 While vast stores of information on all the collateral branches of pharmacy are contained in such 
 works as Mohr and FLcdwood, the U. S. Dispensatory, the Pharmacopceia, Pereira, and others, 
 there has been no compendious manual presenting within a moderate compass, and in systematic 
 order, the innumerable minor details which make up the everyday business of thore who dispense 
 medicines. It has been the object of the author to supply this want, and while to the pharmaceutist 
 such a work is manifestly indispensable, its utility will hardly be less to the country practitioner, 
 residing at a distance from drug stores, and obliged to dispense the remedies which he prescribes. 
 Familiarized with the elements of therapeutics and the essentials of materia medica, by his at- 
 tendance at lectures, he has hitherto been obliged to learn for himself the details of prescribing, 
 compounding, and preparing medicines. The volume commences with a chapter on the "outfit" 
 of the country phj'^sician, describing the different articles, their various kinds and comparative ad- 
 vantages ; the Pharmacopoeia is described, explained, and commented upon, its contents classified 
 and arranged so as to be easily comprehended and referred to; all the operations of pharmacy as-e 
 given in minute detail, and under each head the various preparations are specified to which it is 
 applicable, with directions for making them, giving in this manner a comprehensive and practical 
 view of the materia medica, with much valuable information regarding all the more important ar- 
 ticles. All the officinal formulfe are thus presented, with directions for their preparation and use, 
 together with many empirical ones of interest, and numerous new ones derived from the practice 
 of distinguished physicians. Especial attention has been bestowed on the new remedies, the 
 more important of which are minutely described, particularly those derived from our indigenous 
 plants, which have of late attracted so much attention, and which the author has thoroughly 
 investigated. The chapters on extemporaneous pharmacy contain clear and accurate instructions 
 for writing prescriptions, selecting, combining, dispensing, and compounding medicines, making 
 powders, pills, mixtures, ointments, 6z;c. &c., vsnth formulae; and the work concludes with an ap- 
 pendix of valuable hints and advice to those purchasing articles connected with their profession. 
 Numerous tables interspersed throughout elucidite the various subjects, which are rendered still 
 clearer by a large number of engravings. Care has been taken in all instances to indicate and 
 describe the simplest apparatus and procedures affording satisfactory results. The long experience 
 of the author, both as a teacher of pharmacy, and as a practical pharmaceutist, is sufficient guarantee 
 of his familiarity with the wants and necessities of the student, and of his ability to satisfy them. 
 
 ROKITANSKY (CARL), M.D., 
 
 Curator of the Imperial Pathological Museum, and Professor at the University of Vienna, &c. 
 
 A MANUAL OF PATHOLOaiCAL ANATOMY. Four volumes octavo, 
 
 bound in two. {Now B-eady.) 
 YqI, I. — Manual of General Pathological Anatomy. Translated by W. E. Swaine. 
 Vol II. — Pathological Anatomy of the Abdominal Viscera. Translated by Edward Sieveking, 
 
 M. D. 
 Vol. III. — Pathological Anatomy of the Bones, Cartilages, Muscles, and Skin, Cellular and Fibrous 
 
 Tissue, Serous and Mucous Membrane, and Nervous System. Translated by C. H. Moore. 
 Vol. IV. — Pathological Anatomy of the Organs of Respiration and Circulation. Translated by G. 
 
 E. Day. 
 To rendar this large and important work more easy of reference, and at the same time less cum- 
 brous and costly, the publishers have arranged the four volumes in two, retaining, however, the 
 separate paging, &c. 
 
 The publishers feel much pleasure in presenting to the profession of the United States the great 
 work of Prof. Rokitansky, which is universally referred to as the standard of authority by the pa- 
 thologi-^ts of all nations. Under the auspices of the Sydenham Society of London, the combined 
 labor of four translators has at length overcome the almost insuperable difficultiesvvhich have so 
 long pievented the appearance of the work in an English dress, while the additions made from 
 various papers and essays of the author present his views on all the topics embraced, in their latest 
 published form To a work so widely known, eulogy is unnecessary, and the publishers would 
 merely siaie that it contains the results of not less than thirty thousand ^o.vNw2or<ew examina- 
 tions "made by the author, diligently compared, generalized, and wrought into one complete and 
 harmonious system. 
 
 RIGBY (EDWARD), M.D., 
 Ph^-sician to the General Lying-in Hospital, A;c. 
 
 A SYSTEM OF MIDWIFERY. With Notes and Additional Illustrations. 
 
 Second American Edition. One volume octavo, 422 pages. 
 
 ROYLE (J. FORBES), M. D. 
 MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS; including the Preparations of 
 
 the Pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh, Dublin, and of the United States. With many new 
 medicines. Edited by Joseph Carson, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy in 
 the University of Pennsylvania. With ninety-eight illustrations. In one large octavo volume, 
 of about seven hundred pages. 
 
 This work is, indeed, a most valuable one, and I ductions on the other extreme, which are neces- 
 will fill ii|) an important vacancy that existed he- | sarily imperfect from their small extent. — British 
 tween Dr. Pereira's most learned and complete \ and Foreign Medical Review. 
 eystem of Materia Medica, and the class of pro- | 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, 
 
 27 
 
 RAMSBOTHAM (FRANCIS H.), M.D. 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRIC MEDICINE AND 
 
 SURGEIIY', in reference to the Process of Parturition. A new and enlarged edition, thoroughly 
 revised by the Author. With Additions by W. V. Keating, M. D. In one large and handsome 
 imperial octavo volume, of 650 pages, with sixty-four beautiful Plales, and numerous Wood-cuts 
 in the text, containing in all nearly two hundred large and beautiful figures. {Now Ready.) 
 In calling the attention of the profession to the new edition of this standard work, the publishers 
 would remark that no efforts have been spared to secure for it a continuance and extension of the 
 remarkable favor with which it has been received. The last London issue, which was considera- 
 bly enlarged, has received a further revision from the author, especially for this count rjr. Its pas- 
 sage through the press here has been supervised by Dr. Keating, who has made numerous addi- 
 tions with a view of presenting more fully whatever was necessary to adapt it thoroughly to 
 American modes of practice. In its mechanical execution, a like superiority over former editions 
 will be found. The plales have all been re-engraved in a new and beautiful style ; many additional 
 illustrations have been introduced, and in ever)^ point of typographical finish it will be found one of 
 the handsomest issues of the American press. In its present improved and enlarged form the pub- 
 lishers therefore confidently ask for it a place in every medical library, as a text-book for the student, 
 or a manual for daily reference by the practitioner. 
 
 FroTTi Prof. Hodge, of the Vniversity of Pa. 
 
 To the American public, it is most valuable, from its intrinsic undoubted excellence, and as being 
 the best authorized exponent of Britisli Midwifery. Its circulation will, I trust, be extensive throughout 
 our country. 
 
 The publishers have shown their appreciation of ' cine and Surgery to our library, and confidently 
 the merits of this work and secured its success by ! recommend it to our readers, with the assurance 
 the truly eleg-ant stj-le in ■which they have brought ' that it will not disappoint their most sanguine ex- 
 it out, excelling themselves in its production, espe- ; peetations. — Western Lancet. 
 cially in its plates. It is dedicated to Prof. Meigs, i n jg unnecessary to say anything in regard to the 
 
 to be more highly recommended to studeuts, and we physician's library it is indispensable, while to the 
 eould wish to see It in tne hands ofevery practitioner, I student as a text-book, from which to extract the 
 tor they will find it invaluable for reference.-Met/. material for laying the foundation of an education on 
 uazetle. obstetrical science, it has no superior. — Ohio Med. 
 
 But once in a long time some brilliant genius rears ' and Surg. Journal. 
 his head above the horizon of science, and illumi- I .,, , 
 
 nates and purifies every department that he investi- j . ^^ ^ will only add that the student v/ill learn from 
 gates i and liis works become types, by which innu- I ^^ a" "^ need to know, and the practitioner will find 
 merable imitators model their feeble productions, ^t, as a book of reference, surpassed by none other.— 
 Such a genius we tind in the younger Ramsbotham, i Stethoscope. 
 
 and such a type we find in the work now before us. ! The character and merits of Dr. Ramsbotham's 
 The binding, paper, type, the engravings and wood- ■ work are so well known and thoroughly established, 
 cuts are all so excellent as to make this book one of , that comment is unnecessary and praise superfluous, 
 the finest specimens of the art of printing that have The illustrations, which are numerous and accurate, 
 given such a world-wide reputation to its enterpri- , are executed in the highest style of art. We cannot 
 sing and liberal publishers. We welcome Rams- i too highly recommend the work to our readers. — St. 
 botham's Principles and Practice of Obstetric Medi- 1 Louis'^ Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 RICORD (P.), M. D., 
 Surgeon to the Hopital du Midi, Paris, &c. 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SYPHILITIC DISEASE. Translated from the French, 
 
 by Thomas F. Bettom, M. D. With the addition of a History of Syphilis, and a complete Bib- 
 liography and Formulary of Remedies, collated and arranged, by Paul B. Goddard, M. D. With 
 fifty large quarto plates, comprising one hundred and seventeen beautifully colored illustrations. 
 In one large and handsome quarto volume. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Lately Published.) 
 
 A TREATISE ON THE VENEREAL DISEASE. By John Hunter, F. R. S. 
 
 With copious Additions, by Ph. Pi,icord, M. D. Edited, with Notes, by Freeman J. Bumstead, 
 M. D. In one handsome octavo volume, of 520 pages, with plates. 
 
 In the notes to Hunter, the master substitutes him- 
 self for his interpreters, and gives his original ihoughls 
 to the world, in a summary form it is irue, but in a 
 lucid and perfectly intelligible manner. In conclu- 
 sion we can say that this is incontesiably the best 
 treatise on syphilis with which we are acquainted, 
 and, as we do not often employ the phrase: we may 
 be excused for expressing the hope that it may find 
 a place in the library of every physician — Virginia 
 Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 Kvery one will recognize the attractiveness and 
 value which this work derives from thus preseniing 
 the opinions of these two masters side by side. But, 
 it must be admitted, vphat has made the fortune of 
 the book, is the fact that it contains the "most com- 
 plete embodiment of the veritable doctrines of the 
 Hopital du Midi," which has ever been made public. 
 The doctrinal ideas of M. Ricord, ideas which, if not 
 universally adopted, are incontesiably dominant, have 
 heretolore only been i nterpreled by more or less skilful 
 secretaries, sometimes accredited and sometimes not. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 LETTERS ON SYPHILIS, addressed to the Chief Editor of the Union Mc'dicale. 
 
 With an Introduction, by Amedee Latour. Translated by W. P. Laltimore, i\I. D. lu one neat 
 octavo volume of 270 pages. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON VENEREAL DISEASES. With a Thera- 
 
 peutieal Summary and Special Formulary. Translated by Sidney Doane, M. D. Fourth edition. 
 One volume, octavo, 340 pages. 
 
28 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 SMITH (HENRY H.), 
 
 Professor of Surgery in the University of I eims -fvania, &c. 
 
 MINOR SURGERY; or, Hints on the Every-day Duties of the Surgeon. Illus- 
 trated by two hundred and forty-seven illustrations. Third and enlarged edition. In one hand- 
 some royal 12mo. volume, pp. 456. 
 
 A work such as the present is therefore highly 
 useful to the student, and ^ve commend this one 
 to their attention. — American Journal of Medical 
 Sciences. 
 
 No operator, however eminent, need hesitate to 
 consult this unpretending yet excellent book. Those 
 who are young in the business ^vould find Dr. Smith's 
 treatise a necessary companion, after once under- 
 standing its true character. — Boston Med. and Surg. 
 Journal. 
 
 And a capital little book it is. . . Minor Surgery, 
 we repeat, is really Major Surgery, and anything 
 which teaches it is worth having. So we cordially 
 recommend this little book of Dr. Smith's.— Meii.- 
 Chir. Reviero. 
 
 This beautiful little work has been compiled with 
 a view to the wants of the profession in the matter 
 of bandaging, &c.,and well and ably has the author 
 performed his labors. Well adapted to give the 
 requisite information on the subjects of which it 
 treats. — Medical Examiner. 
 
 The directions are plain, and illustrated through- 
 out with clear engravings. — London Lancet. 
 
 One of the best works they can consult on the 
 subject of which it treats. — Southern Journal of 
 Medicine and Pharmacy. i 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOE, AND 
 
 HORNER (WILLIAM E.), M. D., 
 Late Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 AN ANATOMICAL ATLAS, illustrative of the Structure of the Human Body. 
 
 In one volume, large imperial octavo, with about six hundred and fifty beautiful figures. 
 
 These figures are well selected, and present a late the student upon the completion of this Atlas, 
 
 Noyoung practitioner should be vinthout this little 
 volume; and we venture to assert, that it maybe 
 consulted by the senior members of the profession 
 with more real benefit, than the more voluminous 
 works. — Western Lancet. 
 
 complete and accurate representation of that won- 
 derful fabric, the human body. The plan of this 
 Atlas, virhich renders it so peculiarly convenient 
 for the student, and its superb artistical execution, 
 have been already pointed out. We must congratu- 
 
 as it is the most convenient work of the kind that 
 has yet appeared ; and we must add, the very beau- 
 tiful manner in which it is " got up" is so creditable 
 to the country as to be flattering to our national 
 pride. — American Medical Journal. 
 
 SARGENT (F. W.), M. D. 
 ON BANDAGING AND OTHER OPERATIONS OF MINOR SURGERY. 
 
 Second edition, enlarged. One handsome royal 12mo. vol., ofnearly 400 pages, with 182 wood-cuts. 
 
 (Now Ready.) 
 
 The very best manual of Minor Surgery -we have We have careful!}' examined this w^ork, and find it 
 seen; an American volume, w^ith nearly four hundred well executed and admirably adapted to the use of 
 pages of good practical lessons, illustrated by about the student. Besides the subjects usually embraced 
 one hundred and thirty wood-cuts. In these days in works on Minor Surgery, there is a short chapter 
 of "trial," when a doctor's reputation hangs upon on bathing, another on anaesthetic agents, and an 
 a clove hitch, or the roll of a bandage, it would be appendix of formulae. The author has given an ex- 
 w^ell, perhaps, to carry such a volume as Mr. Sar- ! cellent work on this subject, and his publishers have 
 gent's always in our coat-pocket, or, at all events, i illustrated and printed it in most beautiful style. — 
 to listen attentively to his instructions at home. — Tke Charleston Medical Journal. 
 Buffalo Med. Journal. i 
 
 SKEY (FREDERICK C), F. R. S., &,c. 
 OPERATIVE SURGERY. In one very handsome octavo volume of over 650 
 pages, with about one hundred wood-cuts. 
 
 SHARPEY (WILLIAM), M. D., JONES QUAlN, M. D., AND 
 RICHARD QUAIN, F. R. S., &.c. 
 
 HUMAN ANATOMY. Revised, with Notes and Additions, by Joseph Leidt, 
 
 M. D. Complete in two large octavo volumes, of about thirteen hundred pages. Beautifully 
 
 illustrated with over five himdred engraving.* on wood. 
 
 We have no hesitation in recommending this trea- 
 tise on anatomy as the most complete on that sub- 
 ject in the Engli.sh language; and the only one, 
 perhaps, in any language, which brings the state 
 of knowledge forward to the most recent disco- 
 veries. — The Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 It is indeed a work calculated to make an era in 
 anatomical study, by placing before the student 
 every department of his science, with a view to 
 the relative importance of each ; and so skilfully 
 have the different parts been int«rwoven, tluit no 
 one who makes this work the basis of his studies, 
 will hereafter have any excuse for neglecting or 
 undervaluing any important particulars connected 
 with the structure of the human frame; and 
 whether the bias of his mind lead him in a more 
 especial manner to surgery, physic, or physiology, 
 he will find here a work at once so comprehensive 
 and practical as to defend him from exclusiveness 
 on the one hand, and pedantry on the other. — 
 Journal and Retrospect of the Medical Sciences. 
 
 Admirably calculated to fulfil the object for which 
 it is intended. — Provincial Medical Journal. 
 
 The most complete Treatise on Anatomy in the 
 English language. — Edinburgh Medical Journal. 
 
 There is no work in the English language to b« 
 preferred to Dr. Quain's Elements of Anatomy. — 
 London Journal of Medicine. 
 
 In one volume, octavo, 
 
 STANLEY (EDWARD). 
 A TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE BONES. 
 
 extra cloth, 286 pages. 
 
 SOLLY (SAMUEL), F. R. S. 
 THE HUMAN BRAIN; its Structure, Physiology, and Diseases. With a 
 
 Description of the Typical Forms of the Brain in the Animal Kingdom. From the Second and 
 much enlarged London edition. In one octavo volume of 500 pages, with 120 wood-cuts. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, * 29 
 
 STILLE (ALFRED), M. D. 
 PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL AND SPECIAL THERAPEUTICS. In 
 
 handsome octavo. {JPrejparing.) 
 
 SIMON (JOHN), F. R. S. 
 GENERAL PATHOLOGY, as conducive to the Establishment of Rational 
 
 Principles for the Prevention and Cure of Disease. A Course of Lectures delivered at St. 
 Thomas's Hospital durmg the summer Session of 1850. In one neat octavo volume, of 212 
 pages. 
 
 SMITH (W. TYLER), M.D., 
 
 Physician Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, &c. 
 
 ON PARTURITION, AND THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OE 
 
 OBSTETRICS. In one large duodecimo volume, of 400 pages. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. — (Now Ready.) 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT 
 
 OF LEUCORRHCEA. With numerous illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume ol 
 Etbout 250 pages. 
 
 The investigation of the pathology and treatment 
 of leucorrhcEa is a task that may well engage the 
 time and energies of the most philosopliical and 
 skilled physician ; and there are few men more capa- 
 ble of conducting and deducing important observa- 
 tions from sucli a study than the author of the pre- 
 sent treatise. Dr. Tyler Smith's previous researelies 
 
 w^ork will be sufficient to prove its value, and we 
 hope more than enough to induce every practitioner 
 to study it for himself. — The Lancet. 
 
 The above list contains simply the general head- 
 ings of the different chapters; to have enumerated 
 all the subjects discussed, or to have made further 
 extracts, would have compelled us much to exceed 
 
 notlessthanhisdevotiontophysioiogyandscientific ]„„r Umits. This, however, we scarcely regret: 
 medicme, point him out as one eminently calculaled i,ecause we think a perusal of the extracts given 
 to throw light on many subjects, which less able : „,,ii induce the reader to examine the work for him- 
 men might fail to elucidate. We consequently take ■ g^.i,- .^^^ ^g would advise all who are anxious for 
 his work in hand with high expectations and we [ (-nrrect ideas respecting these discharges, and their 
 have not been m the least disappointed. The fore- : sources, to possess themselves of ii.—Dublhi Med. 
 going cursory examination of Dr. Tyler Smith's ' pj-^g^. 
 
 SIBSON (FRANCIS), M.D., 
 
 Physician to St. Mary's Hospital. 
 
 MEDICAL ANATOMY. Illustrating the Form, Structure, and Position of the 
 
 Internal Organs in Health and Disease. In large imperial quarto, with splendid colored plates. 
 To match "Maclise's Surgical Anatomy." Parti. (NeaHy Ready.) 
 
 SCHOEDLER (FRIEDRICH), PH.D., 
 
 Professor of the Natural Sciences at Worms, &c. 
 
 THE BOOK OF NATURE; an Elementary Introduction to the Sciences of 
 
 Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology^^ Botany, Zoology, and Physiology. First 
 American edition, with a Glossary and other Additions and Improvements; from the second 
 English edition. Translated from the sixUi German edition, by Henry Medlock, F. C. S., &c. 
 In one thick volume, small octavo, of about .'-even hundred pages, with 679 illustrations on wood. 
 Suitable for the higher Schools and private students. (JYbw Ready.) 
 
 TOMES (JOHN), F. R. S. 
 A MANUAL OF DENTAL PRAC^IK E. Illustrated by numerous engravings 
 
 on wood. In one handsome volume. (^Preparing.) 
 
 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 VOLUME VIII, for 1855* 8vo., extra cloth. {Nearly Ready.) 
 
 A few complete sets can still be had, in eight volumes, price $38. Applications and remittances 
 
 to be made to Caspar Wister, M. U., Treasurer, Philadelphia. 
 *jf^* These volumes are published by and sold for account of the Association. 
 
 TODD (R. B.), M. D., AND BOWMAN (WILLIAM), F. R. S. 
 PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY Ai PHYSIOLOGY OF MAN. With 
 
 numerous handsome wood-cuts. Parts I, II, ?nd III, in one octavo volume, 552 pages. Part IV 
 
 will complete the work. 
 
 The first portion of Part IV, with numerous original illustrations, was published in the Medical 
 News and Library for 1853, and the compleiicn will be issued immediately on its appearance in 
 London. Those who have subscribed since ' he appearance of the preceding portion of the work 
 eaa have the three parts by mail, on remittam-'^ oi' $2 50 to the publishers. 
 
 TOYNBEE (JOSEPH), F. R. S., 
 
 Aural Surgeon to ftt. Mary's Hospital, &c. 
 
 A MANUAL OF AURAL SURGERY; being a complete Treatise on Diseases 
 
 of the Ear. Illustrated with numerous engravings on wood, from original drawings. In one 
 octavo volume. {Preparing.) 
 
30 BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
 
 TANNER (T. H.), M. D. 
 
 Physician to the Hospital for Women, &e. 
 
 A MANUAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS. 
 
 To which is added Tlie Code of Ethics of the Americaa Medical Association. In one neat 
 
 volume, small 12mo., extra cloth. {Now Ready.) 
 
 The object of this little work is to furnish the practitioner, in a condensed and convenient com- 
 pass, and at a trifling cost, Avith a guide for the daily exigencies of his practice. A large portion of 
 the volume is occupied with details of diagnostic symptoms, classified under the different seats of 
 disease. This, in itself, is well worth the price of the book, but in addition, there will be found an 
 immense amount of information, not usually touched upon in the systematic works, or scattered 
 throughout many different volumes — such as general rules for conduct, taking notes, clinical exami- 
 nation of children and of the insane, post-mortem examinations, medico-legal examinations, exami- 
 nations for life insurance, instruments employed in diagnosis, such as the microscope, tests, the 
 spirometer, dynamometer, stelhometer, stethoscope, pleximeter, ophthalmoscope, speculum, uterine 
 sound, &c. ; clirections for the chemical and microscopical examination of the blood, urine, sputa, 
 &c. &c. ; with many other subjects of equal importance which hitherto the young practitioner has 
 had to learn in a great measure from experience alone. Although necessarily treated in a condensed 
 manner, the topics will be found to embrace the latest and most approved modes of procedure, while 
 the addition of the admirable " Code of Ethics" of the American Medical Association renders it 
 complete as a guide for the student and as a manual of daily reference for the younger practitioner. 
 
 Those who desire to use it as a vade-mecum for the pocket, can obtain copies neatly done up in 
 tlexible cloth. 
 
 TAYLOR (ALFRED S.), M . D., F. R. S., 
 
 Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence and Chemistry in Guy's Hospital. 
 
 MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. Third American, from the fourth and improved 
 
 English Edition. With Notes and References to American Decisions, by Edward Haetshorne, 
 M. D. In one large octavo volume, of about seven hundred pages. {Just Issued.) 
 We know of no work on Medical Jurisprudence ; none could be offered to the busy practitioner of 
 which contains in the same space anything like the [ either calling, for the purpose of casual or hasty 
 same amount of valuable matter. — N. Y, Journal of\ reference, that would be more likely to afford the aid 
 Medicine desired. We therefore recommend it as the best and 
 
 No work upon the subject can be put into the safest manual for daily Ms^.-American Journal of 
 hands of students either of law or medicine which Medical bctences. 
 will engage them more closely or profitably ; and | 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ON POISONS, IN RELATION TO MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND 
 
 MEDICINE. Edited, with Notes and Additions, by R. E. Griffith, M. D. In one large octavo 
 volume, of 6S8 pages. 
 
 The most elaborate work on the subject that our 
 literature possesses. — British and Foreign Medico- 
 Chirurgical Review. 
 
 One of the most practical and trustworthy works 
 on Poisons in our language. — Western Journal oj 
 Medicine. 
 
 THOMSON (A. T.), M. D., F. R. S., &c. 
 DOMESTIC MANAGEMENT OP THE SICK ROOM, necessary in aid of 
 Medical Treatment for the Cure of Diseases. Edited by R. E. Griffith, M. D. In one large 
 royal r2mo. volume, with wood-cuts, 360 pages 
 
 WATSON (THOMAS), M.D., &.C. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. 
 
 Third American, from the last London edition. Revised, with Additions, by D. Francis Condie, 
 M.D., author of a "Treatise on the Diseases of Children," &c. In one octavo volume, of nearly 
 eleven hundred large pages, strongly bound with raised bands. 
 
 To say that it is the very best work on the sub- 
 ject now extant, is but to echo the sentiment of the 
 medical press throughout the country. — N. O. 
 Medical Journal. 
 
 Of the text-books recently republished AVatson is 
 very justly the principal favorite. — Holmes's Rep. 
 to Nat. Med. Assoc. 
 
 By universal consent the work ranks among the 
 very best text-books in our language. — Illinois and 
 Indiana Med. Journal. 
 
 Reo-firded on all hands as one of the very best, if 
 not t^e very best, systematic treatise on practical 
 medicine extant.— i;«. Louis Med. Journal. 
 
 Confessedly one of the very best works on the 
 principles and practice of physic in the English or 
 any other language. — Med. Examiner . 
 
 Asa text- book it has no equal ; as a compendium 
 of pathology and practice no superior. — Neio York 
 Annalist, 
 
 We know of no work better calculated for being; 
 placed in tlie hands of the student, and for a text- 
 book; on every important point the author seems 
 to have posted up his knowledge to the day. — 
 Ame.r. Med. .Tournal. 
 
 One of the most practically useful books that 
 ever was presented to the student. — N. Y. Med. 
 Journal. 
 
 WHAT TO OBSERVE 
 AT THE BEDSIDE AND AFTER DEATH, IN MEDICAL CASES. 
 
 Published under the authority of the London Society for Medical Observation. A new American, 
 
 from the second and revised London edition. In one very handsome volume, royal 12mo., extra 
 
 cloth. (Now Ueady.) 
 
 The demand which has so rapidly exhausted the fir.st edition of this little work, shows that the 
 advanta"es it otibrs to the profession have been duly appreciated, and has stimulated the authors to 
 render ifmore worthy of its reputation. It has tb'erelbre been thoroughly revised, and such im- 
 provements (among which is a section on Treatment) have been made as further experience in 
 its use has shown to be desirable. 
 
 To the observer who prefers accuracy to blunders 
 and precision to carelessness, this little book is in- 
 valuable. — N. H. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 One of the finest aids tea young practitioner wo 
 have ever &e&a..— Peninsular Journal of Medicine. 
 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 31 
 
 WILSON (ERASMUS), M.D., F. R. S., 
 
 Lecturer on Anatomy, London. 
 
 A SYSTEM OF HUMAN ANATOMY, General and Special. Fourth Ameri- 
 can, from the last English edition. Edited by Paul B. Goddard, A. M., M. D. With two hun- 
 dred and fifty illustrations. Beautifully printed, in one large octavo volume, of nearly six hun- 
 dred pages. 
 In many, if not all the Colleges of the Union, it 
 
 has become a standard text-book. This, of itself, 
 
 is sufficiently expressive of its value. A work very 
 
 desirable to the student; one, the possession of 
 
 which will greatly facilitate his progress in the 
 
 study of Practical Anatomy. — New York Journal of 
 
 Medicine. 
 
 Its author ranks with the highest on Anatomy. — 
 Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 It offers to the student all the assistance that can 
 be expected from such a work. — Medical Examiner. 
 
 The most complete and convenient manual for the 
 student we possess. — American Journal of Medical 
 Science. 
 
 In every respect, this work as an anatomical 
 guide for the student and practitioner, merits our 
 %varmestand most decided praise. — London Medical 
 Gazette. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 THE DISSECTOR; or, Practical and Surgical Anatomy. Modified and Re- 
 arranged, by Paul Beck Goddakd, M. D. A new edition, with Revisions and Additions. In 
 one large and handsome volume, royal 12mo., of 458 pages, with 115 illustrations. 
 In passing this work again through the press, the editor has made such additions and improve- 
 ments as the advance of anatomical knowledge has rendered necessary to maintain the work in the 
 high reputation which it has acquired in the schools of the United States, as a complete and faithful 
 guide to the student of practical anatomy. A number of new illustrations have been added, espe- 
 cially in the portion relating to the complicated anatomy of Hernia. In mechanical execution the 
 work will be found superior to former editions. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Third American, from the third London 
 
 edition. In one neat octavo volume, of about five hundred pages, extra cloth. (Jtist Issued.) 
 Also, to be had done up with fifteen beautiful steel plates, of which eight are exquisitely colored ; 
 
 representing the Normal and Pathological Anatomy of the Skin, together with accurately colored 
 
 delineations of more than sixty varieties of disease, most of them the size of nature. The Plates 
 
 are also for sale separate, done up in boards. • 
 
 The "Diseases of the Skin," by Mr. Erasmus nothing to be desired, sofaras excellence of delinea- 
 Wilson, may now be regarded as the standard work tion and perfect accuracy of illustration are con- 
 in that department of medical literature. The coTaed.—Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
 plates by which this edition is accompanied leave 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 ON CONSTITUTIONAL AND HEREDITARY SYPHILIS, AND ON 
 
 SYPHILITIC ERUPTIONS. In one small octavo volume, beautifully printed, with four exqui- 
 site colored plates, presenting more than thirty varieties of syphilitic eruptions. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Now Ready.) 
 
 HEALTHY SKIN; A Popular Treatise on the Skin and Hair, their Preserva- 
 tion and Management. Second American, from the fourth London edition. One neat volume, 
 royal 12mo., of about 300 pages, with numerous illustrations. ■ 
 
 Copies can be had done up in paper covers for mailing, price 75 cents. 
 
 WHITEHEAD (JAMES), F. R. C. S., &.C. 
 THE CAUSES AND TREATMENT OF ABORTION AND STERILITY; 
 
 being the Result of an Extended Practical Inquiry into the Physiological and Morbid Conditions 
 of the Uterus. Second American Edition. In one volume, octavo, 368 pages. {Noiv Readij.) 
 
 the works which must be studied by those who 
 would know what the present state of our knowledge 
 is respecting the causes and treatment of abortion 
 
 Such are the advances made from year to year in 
 this department of our profession, that the practi- 
 tioner who does not consult the recent works on the 
 complaints of females, will soon find himself in the 
 rear of his more studious brethren. This is one of 
 
 and sterility. — The Western Journal of Medicine o.nd 
 Surgery. 
 
 WALSHE (W. H.), M. D., 
 
 Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine in University College, London. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE HEART, LUNaS, AND APPENDAGES; their 
 
 Symptoms and Treatment. In one handsome volume, large royal r2mo., 512 pages. 
 We consider this as the ablest work in the En- | the author being the first stethoscopist of the day. — 
 glish language, on the subject of which it treats; | Charleston Medical Journal. 
 
 WILDE (W. R.), 
 
 Surgeon to St. Mark's Ophthalmic and Aural Hospital, Dublin. 
 
 AURAL SURGERY, AND THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF DIS- 
 EASES OF THE EAR. In one handsome octavo volume of 476 pages, with illustrations. 
 This work certainly contains more information on laws, and amenable to the same general methods of 
 the subject to which it is devoted than any other tiealment as oiher morbid processes. The work is 
 with which we are acquainted. We feel grateful to not written to supply the cravings of popular pairo- 
 the author for his manful effort to rescue this depart- nuge, l)ut it is wholly addressed to the piofession, 
 ment of sur"-ery from the hands of the empirics who and bears on every page the impress of the reflections 
 nearly monopolize it. We think he has successfully of a sagacious and practical surgeon. — Va. Surg, and 
 shown that aural diseases are not beyond the re- Med. Journal. 
 sources of artj that they are governed by the same 
 
32 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA'S SCIENTIFIC PUBLICAT IONS. 
 
 WEST (CHARLES), M. D., 
 
 Physician to the Hospital for Sick Children, &c. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OP INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD. 
 
 Second American, from the Second and Enlarged London edition. In one volume, octavo, of 
 nearly five hundred pages. {Jtcst Issued.) 
 
 We take leave of Dr. West with great respect for 
 his attainments, a due appreciation of his acute 
 powers of observation, and a deep sense of obliga- 
 tion for this valuable contribution to our profes- 
 sional literature. His book is undoubtedly in many 
 respects the best we possess on diseases of children. 
 The extracts we have given will, we hope, satisfy 
 our readers of its value; and yet in all candor ■we 
 must say that they are even inferior to some other 
 parts, the length of which prohibited our entering 
 upon them. That the book will shortly be in the 
 hands of most of our readers we do not doubt, and it 
 will give us much pleasure if our strong recommend- 
 ation of it may contribute towards the result. — The 
 Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science. 
 
 Dr. West has placed the profession under deep ob- 
 ligation by this able, thorough, and finished work 
 
 upon a subject which almost daily taxes to the ut- 
 most the skill of the general practitioner. He has 
 with singular felicity threaded his way through all 
 the tortuous labyrinths of the difficult subject he has 
 undertaken to elucidate, and has in many of the 
 darkest corners left a light, for the benefit of suc- 
 ceeding travellers, which will never be extinguished. 
 Not the least captivating feature in this admirable 
 performance is its easy, conversational style, which 
 acquires force from its very simplicity, and leaves 
 an impression upon the memory, of the truths it 
 conveys, as clear and refreshing as its own purity. 
 The author's position secured him extraordinary fa- 
 cilities for the investigation of children's diseases, 
 and his powers of observation and discrimination 
 have enabled him to make the most of these great 
 advantages. — Nashville Medical Journal. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Just IsSUed) 
 
 AN ENQUIRY INTO THE PATHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF ULCER- 
 ATION OF THE OS UTERI. Being the Croonian Lectures for the year 1854. In one neat 
 octavo volume, extra cloth. 
 
 WILLIAMS (C. J. B.), M.D., F. R. S., 
 
 Professor of Clinical Medicine in University College, London, &c. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINE; comprising General Pathology and Therapeu- 
 tics, and a brief general view of Etiology, Nosology, Semeiology, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and 
 Hygienics. Edited, with Additions, by Meredith Cltmer, M. D. Fourth American, from the 
 last and enlarged London edition. In one octavo volume, of 476 pages. [Lately Issued.) 
 
 It possesses the strongest claims to the attention of the medical student and practitioner, from 
 the admirable manner in which, the various inquiries in the different branches of pathology are 
 investigated, combined, and generalized by an experienced practical physician, and directly applied 
 to the investigation and treatment of disease. — Editor's Preface. 
 
 The best exposition in our language, or, we be- 
 lieve, in any language, of rational medicine, in its 
 present improved and rapidly improving state. — 
 British and Foreign Medico-Chirurg. Review. 
 
 Few books have proved more useful, or met with 
 a more ready sale than this, and no practitioner 
 should regard his library as complete v/ithout it. 
 — Ohio Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 BY the same author. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY 
 
 ORGANS; including Diseases of the Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, and Pleurae. With numerous 
 Additions and Notes, by M. Clymer, M. D. With wood-cuts. In one octavo volume, pp. 508. 
 
 YOUATT (WILLIAM), V. S. 
 THE HORSE. A new edition, with numerous illustrations; together with a 
 
 general history of the Horse; a Dissertation on the American Trotting Horse; how Trained and 
 Jockeyed ; an Account of his Remarkable Performances ; and an Essay on the Ass and the Mule. 
 By J. S. Skinner, formerly Assistant Postmaster-General, and Editor of the Turf Register. 
 One large octavo volume. 
 
 BY the same author. 
 
 THE DOG. Edited by E. J. Lewis, M. D. With numerous and beautiful 
 illustrations. In one very handsome volume, crown Svc, crimson cloth, gilt. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED MEDICAL CATALOGUE. 
 
 BLANCHARD & LEA have now ready a Catalogue of their Medical, Surgical, and Scien- 
 tific Publications, containing descriptions of the works, with Notices of the Press, and 
 specimens of the Illustrations, making a pamphlet of sixty-four large octavo pages. It has 
 been prepared with great care, and without regard to expense, forming one of the most beau- 
 tiful specimens of typographical execution as yet issued in this country. Copies will be 
 sent by mail, and the postage paid, on application to the Publishers, by inclosing two three 
 cent postage stamps. 
 
 Catalogues of Blanchard & Lea's numerous Miscellaneous and Educational Publicationa 
 will b€ forwarded free by mail, on application. 
 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 
 This book is due on the date indicated ^>elow, or at the 
 expiration of a definite period after the date of borrowing, as 
 provided by the rules of the Library or by special arrange- 
 ment with the Librarian in charge. 
 
 DATE BORROWED 
 
 1 
 
 DATE DUE 
 
 DATE BORROWED 
 
 DATE DUE 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^* 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 * \ ' 
 
 . \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C28(i14i)m100 
 
 
 
 

 CO 
 
 H\ 
 
 1 Medical 
 
 =o 
 
 iCO 
 =iO 
 =0) 
 
 -to 
 =o 
 
 D91 
 
 I85aa 
 
 
 % 
 
m-