Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Columbia University Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/mineralbathsofbOOdavi o a o z i— i W E H u o h h w w M Q < h (/) < w a u w as h o w o Remember Absent Friends ! ! ! VISITORS TO BATH WILL I'ASS AN AGREEABLE HALF-HOUR IN WALKING ROUND COLLINGS'S DEPOT FOR PRESENTS, From 2d. to 20 Guineas. Prizes for Archery, Athletic Sports, Lawn Tennis, &c. 31, MILSOM STREET, BATH. J o z m n r > o w 0) Jewellery, Electro-Plate, Fancy Goods, Travelling Bags, Dressing Cases, Work Boxes, Desks, Stationery Cases, Despatch Boxes, Bagatelle, Chess and Draught Boards and Men. A Promenade of nearly ioo Yards, surrounded on all sides by Articles of ELEGANCE&USEFULNESS Will enable them, while in search of Amusement for themselves, To show their continued remembrance of "ABSENT FRIENDS," And experience the truth of the assertion by many Tatrons that here may be fully experienced the happiness of " Present Giving Made Easy." Every Article is marked in plain Figures, but none need purchase unless desirous to do so. Brass Ormolu and other Ornaments, French Clocks, Fans, Opera Glasses, Scent Bottles, Card Cases, Purses, Scrap Books, Albums, Inkstands, Flasks, Sandwich Cases, &c, &c, &c. O If) H < > sa i— i w D to H O O to A CONSTANT SUCCESSION OF NOVELTIES IN ALL DEPARTMENTS, USEFUL AND • ORNAMENTAL, FOB. JfVEDDIN G P RESENTS^ THE STOCK OF ELECTRO SILVER PLATE IS ONE OF THE LARGEST IN THE KINGDOM And has been famed nearly 50 years for its Excellence and Cheapness. BAZAARS. Stall-holders and contributors thereto are treated liberally, and many will bear testimony as to the readiness of sale and large profits realised on goods purchased here, as compared with London stores. 3* a w H- * as o o o 8rP<£o c5', ZS uo ■ < * K / _ C — 'j z* £ g g 3 5 * B »: - |w-.C<^<-gi- IKS- A ~ ■ u ~ ' £t ?^ _ . : '-' '1 •;■ t'i §rti§Hlr S4:. ■X:'. ^K- mm. THE ^h} MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. THE Bathes of Bathe's ^4yde in the reign of Charles 2"d As illustrated by a Drawing of the King's and Queen's Bath (signed) 1675. Whereunto is annexed a Visit to Bath in the year 1675 by a" Person of Quality." By Charles E. Davis, f.s.a., &c. City Architect, Hon. Loc. Sec. Soc. Antiq., Lon. " Behold the boyling bathes at Caerbadon, Which seeth with secret fire eternally, And in their cntraillesfftll of quick Brimston, Nourish the flames which they are wanned upon, That to their people wealth they forth do well, And health to every forreyne nation" The Faerie Queene, 1590. BATH : Printed by William Lewis and Son, and to be Sold by them at the Towne Gate, at the sign of the Herald. MDCCCLXXXIII. a 6S V m l st. ^8J^2^^»^^«*»v^^^i8SS^ <^l»a^^S^«6a^K^« i&vsd Si Sire's / #/« anxious to dedicate the few memoranda I have noted of the Baths under King Charles II. to the Baths Committee of the Corporation of this City, hoping they will permit me, at no very distant date, to give -my best endeavours towards a History of the Baths from the earliest to the present times. I append the names of the Chairman and Members of the Committee for the present year, regretting I cannot add to the list tlie name of the late Mr. Alderman LEWIS, whose alvocacy and support enabled me to excavate and discover the cordon of masonry which the Romans erected for the purpose of ensuring the purity of the Springs, and so utilizing it that the healing waters are now in no way obstructed, and ascend in greater quantities than ever without the remotest possibility of contamination. The Right Worshipful the Mayor, Handel Cossham, Esq., F.G.S., ex-officio. Mr. Alderman Wilkinson, Chairman, f. P. Mr. Alderman Hooper. Mr. Councillor Hancock, f.P. Capt. Ly sight, R.N., Councillor Mr. Councillor Bai trum, f.P. Mr. Councillor Bankart,f.P. Mr. Councillor Andrews. Dr. Ashford, Councillor Mr. Councillor Commans. Mr. Councillor Fry. Mr. Councillor Quin. Mr. Councillor Ruble. Mr. Councillor Wilton. m mm tm DEDICA TION. I have to (hank many friends for valuable assistance. I specially mention two — Mr. F. SHUM, F.S.A., of Belcombe House, for the loan of several valuable books relating to the History of Bath, and Mr. B. II. Watts, the Clerk of the Peace and Deputy Toivn Clerk, for the ready access he has at all times afforded me to the valuable Records of the City. CHARLES E. DAVIS, F.SA. &c. 5 s, Great Pulteney Street, Bath ; June, 1883. PREFACE. The purchase by the British Museum of the Drawing sketched in 1675 of the King's and Queen's Bath, and the permission given to the Baths Committee of the Corporation to have it photographed, first induced me to write a little account of the King's Bath and the adjoining property, with a view to give additional interest to the Drawing. What I first intended to confine to a few pages has grown to many. I trust my readers will not consider I have altogether wasted my time in writing or theirs in reading them ; but small though may be the value of the notes I have strung together, I venture to think they partially fill up a gap in the History of our City and the Baths that has never hitherto been thought worthy of consideration. A History has still to be written of the Roman City and Baths, and of the Mediaeval City and Baths which were planted on the ruins ; materials for the first are most obscure, and still in great part buried, and could be best revealad by the spade and mattock. The second period requires a scholar and an antiquary, whose future labours v. ould be lightened were the Corporation of the City to publish their very interesting records. Nottingham has just issued a most valuable volume. The City of Bath could give one of little less value, including notes of its Hot Baths, which would be interesting alike to the antiquary, the man of letters, and the medical profession everywhere. it mimm mmm silt si® o><#£><^ €21 Index. Akemnncastra ... Anne Queen Abbey House .. Abbey Amor... Amusements ... Appendix Advertisements Bathancastra ... Bence John Beare Lodgings Bosworth Bave ,.. Bellott Bladud Brevia Parliamentaria ... Barton Farm ... Boyse Baldwin Beken B. Bushell Bassett CeauHn Camoys Lord ... Chapman 16, 17, iS, 20, 21, Clist Charlton Common Tump Charles II. Camden Society Christopher Inn Came Cann Office Court of Record Cross ... Charles I. Coal .. 15. '9,29 ... 18, 33 ■■• 23, 34 28 62 Si 14 15, 21 18 i8,74 19 10, 50 25 25 28 32, 37 35.36 43 48, 68 13 22, 23, 2.1, 25. S3, 55, 68 iS 18 19 22, 25, 51 23 25 26, 27, 28, 57 26, 28, 29, 30 27 35 39 61 Dingley ... II, 42 Dry Pump ... 16, 19 Davis... 18 Duckett 53 Exeter Book ... 10 Elton Mr. 10 Earle Prebendary 10 Elizabeth Queen ... 24, 25 Elton... ... 65 Falconer 18 Fraser 19, 22, 29 Ford .. 24 Freemen 25 Fairs ... 50 Fairfax ... 56 Geoffrey of Monmouth ... n Gilmore 14, 20, 26 Gibbes 16 Guidot 16, 18, 29 Glanvill •■• 43, 67 Hart Lodgings... 15 Hart Slip 16 Harington 18,31,32 Hall John 20 Hundred House 26 Horton 31 Hetling ... 71, 72 Inns ... 54 Irvine Johnson Dr. Johnson Jones Dr. James I. folly ... Tones Tni"o II II 19, 29 19 25, 68 5i mm THE Hot Mineral Baths of Bath. 1H11 afe£« THE recent excavations have brought to light a portion of the long-hidden magnificent Roman Baths, which must have far excelled the present Baths in grandeur, luxury, and possibly comfort of their arrangement, and must certainly have occupied an area of more than four times that which is covered by the modern Establishment. The Roman City and its Baths appear to have been deserted as early as the year 577; when the three Cities Wm 5S% ''O'^Ui.-.,. £?vS THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. ©.•.:-^:f' : — Bathancastra [Akcmancastra], Gloucester, and Cirencester 5,;>J,, &4 Wessex. W'-'"~S"'-^!''-■ .';. ■-. was the Burgh-place and many the princely Halls, and high was the {^:,}'"~V:" '-.'•'' Mi;r*y'/^' Roof of gold. . . . And the court is dreary, and the crowned roof !' : 'V-^Sk.''"''-i l' es l° w > ' n l ^ e sna d°w of the purple arch. Princes of old time, joyous if; ■£*■', ,Nj)'j* and gold-bright, splendidly decked, proud with wine elate, in war gear shone. They looked on their treasures, on silver and gems and on stones of price, and on this bright burgh of their broad realm The stone Court stands, the hot stream hath whelmed it, there where the Bath was hot on the breast."* \'^V ]ffl)t But as early as the Sth century the Springs were :^*^' * From the ancient Saxon poem called "The Ruin" in "The Exeter vC' ' •"■■'■'_ £ ■■"• ■ - Wi Book," passages from which are given by Mr. Elton in his " Origins of English !f/.^\ /T^iv History." The Rev. Prebendary Earle, M. A., Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the SV* >-<> '<-». :,: ' University of Oxford, read a paper on this poem to the Bath Field Club in %\fjj \^ „\ 1871, and gave it as his opinion that it could describe no other place !&(.".■ ij.},:. ■' ■''S than the City in the time of its desolation, long before it rose again in the ^S2;' :; ^t' f° rm °f Bath. The following lines of the Professor's translation and the v^T, fj/. j passage quoted in the text accord with our knowledge derived from the late excavations, and well describe what the Baths may have resembled in the early part of the seventh century. "There stood arcades of stone ; the stream hotly issued, with eddies widening up to the wall encircling all the bright bosomed (5Vt>v '"~/*3'-" pool; there the Baths were — hot with inward heat : nature's bounty thit ! So f,.';^-i <£-»'.>* they caused to flow [into a sea of] stone the hot stream." ?»"¥»«?;'" i " ?" THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. II again used, and bathing to some extent became common again. From that time to the commencement of the last century but little is known of the actual state of the Baths. Geoffrey of Monmouth, William of Malmcsbury, Lcland, and a few others speak of the Baths, but give no description of their extent or form with the exception of Leland who visited them in 1542, Dr. Johnson who gave a slight sketch of them in 1634, an ^ Dr. Guidott who, in 1691, wrote an account of the Baths (which were then all public), and Gilmore who published his map, in 1694, with drawings of them, and Dingley in his imperfect drawings made I believe in 1682 or the following year. A fortunate purchase was made by the British Museum, in the autumn of 1SS1, of a pen and pencil drawing, 18 inches long by about 14 inches high, the work of J. Johnson (an artist mentioned by Horace Walpole as having "made a draught of Canterbury in 165 1 ").* This remarkably well preserved drawing is signed by * I have made enquiries through the Dean of Canterbury, and although the draught at one time hung on the staircase of the library, I can gain no information of its existence at the present time. B EOT S 3 fS ill S W f II 9 III 9 3ffi0M the artist, with the date 1675, and is a view of the King's and Queen's Bath taken from the east side of the Bath looking towards the west. The size of the former at this date was 57 feet by 40 feet 8 inches; the latter was 25 feet 4 inches by 24 feet 2 inches, although now much smaller. The picture is most carefully drawn and has every appear- ance of extreme accuracy. The figures, if are included those in the Bath and at the windows of the neighbouring houses, exceed 170 in number. In the year 1628 Dr. Venner writes of these Baths : — " The King's Bath is the hottest, and it is for beautie, largenesse, and efficacy of heate, a Kingly Bath, indeed being so hot as can be well suffered. The Queen's Bath is a member of the King's Bath, a wall onely going betweene them with a passage there in to goe from one to the other, so fairly built and fitted with such conveniencie for bathing as the like (I suppose) is not elsewhere to be found." The drawing well illustrates this " Conveniencie," which, as Wood says, " did very well while the houses immediately surrounding them THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 13 ^W$i® '®m<:& were surncient to entertain all the bathers that came to ^fS\n#l the City, as bathers were enabled to go directly from their !^ ; Z?3sv & beds into the Hot Waters and return to them a?ain." -V'A'/;' rv- These extracts give a gcod but brief description of '<&^7^ c $?' the Baths, as represented in this drawing. I will endeavour $£ '/(&& V: to describe the drawing itself more in detail, and supply y^ A/ ''''!• ' all the information I have obtained of the King's and "<&*?&'•&' Queen's Bath at the date of this drawing. &-i l &»t3i The King's Bath* is complete all round with 25 of >v'Ay^$- ; the niches (a few of which only now remain) as described < £ V/\ ; -'& by Leland, the enclosing wall being surmounted by the |3> : /^A'.^X handsome Stonor Balustrade, erected by way of thank- f^§P*§v'3 offering for benefits received by Sir Francis Stonorf illMiiol (ancestor of the present Lord Camoys), 1624. The Queen's !0#&Vj3! Bath is also surrounded by the same balustrade except '0-i\W}^> » Note in Appendix. 'QfJ^&Q' + Sir Francis was born 1553, and lived to the age of 84 ; his portrait, in 'X^- : \Y/ -N>? a closely fitting embroidered cap and large ruff, is in the gallery at Stonor. <0> ?zy//~* ' The family were connected with this city, his grandson having married the ^'Jii'iJSJC'v niece of Sir Christopher Neville, of the castle, Newton St. Lo. In the 10%' : /i\- "X" Corporation records under date 1656 there is an entry — "paid William Shute "^ : \\£§a/ ~' for going a message for the venison of Mr Stonor £1 6s." There are several •& v vV T/. : ^ entries of £1 to the keeper of Mr. Popham ; Lord Berkley £1 for venison, &c. §Sc{ .-'"•-—y/ •0WMM '4 I HE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. where it is rendered unnecessary by the proximity of buildings. To the south of this Bath there is a three-storied house of 1 6th century style, apparently a portion of the famous house known as the "Three Tuns Inn," spoken of in Gilmore's Map as Three Tuns Lodging, a portion (this portion) being the Lodgings and another part the Inn, kept in 1666 by Robert Smeaton. In 1675 this house was the property of John Bence, from which there was, as late as the middle of the 18th century, direct access to the King's Bath, beneath the Terrace, shown in the drawing. This house was very extensive ; its front towards Stall Street was where the opening in York Street has been since made and extended still further south. It also occupied the site of the present engine house, and extended over the southern dressing rooms of the Baths across the present cooling tank to " King's Bath Passage," where foundations of this house, and fragments corresponding with the architectural style represented in the drawing, were dug up a year or two since. This house was not entirely removed until the beginning of the present century, when it was obtained from the representatives of the late Duke of Kingston by the Corporation. Adjoining the house, but almost hidden by it, is a gabled and apparently well-built house, standing where Mr. mm THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 1 5 <■> <£> 7 ~~ . ' n Goodman's shop now stands, covered with what is locally <£> <$> called rough cast plaster, with which some of the older ip HI houses of the city are still covered. w <3>" Bath is a fine house of five storeys, of many rooms and still sHRfl more numerous windows, from which are looking into the ESSiH Mm Bath visitors of every station, prominent amongst them

"* being an old lady in a high-crowned hat and a ruff in the ?3?-?§E fashion of her youth. The parapet to the roof is not balustraded ; but the stone bears the inscription, "Anna? -x o' Reginae Sacrum, i6iS," in honour of our Queen Anne of &.*0 Denmark. ||f<$ This and the previously described house were called HHk the "Hart Lodgings" and continued to be so called as <£><£>" late as 1754; probably they were originally two distinct £ot5$l houses.* The name Hart Lodgings existed for over 200 111111 years, although the larger house is referred to as the i<£>c?> : " Beare Lodgings" in a note in the Council books under 3ot$S£ the date 1653, an extract from which is in the next page. sSlffi It is quite probable that one was the Beare and the other 'WW* mm the Hart Lodgings, and that the Hart requiring enlargement iHtHI swallowed' the Beare. The last of the Visitations of 53I1SI * Wood says, three years after the building the Queen's Slip in 1615, ,- g| "a house was rebuilt and enlarged on the west side of the Queen's Bath, for S §f the private use oi such as should bathe in that cistern." ,Sx. V? mm ? .? ■?. TII1C HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. <^:i *S ■*flsl Heralds was held in it in 1623. It was originally, as far as I can ascertain, owned by Mr. John Masters, who was Mayor in 1658, and it continued in his family, with one interruption, to the commencement of the last century.* At the time of this drawing, however, it was the property of Mr. Walter Gibbes, who was Mayor the following year, 1676; 20 years later, according to Guidott, it was kept by Mr. Walter Chapman. The little Pent house roof to the left was called, according to the same author, the " Hart Slip." The gabled building of wood, which is described on the drawing, "The Dry Pump"-f (at which a "guide" is actively engaged), was built at the charge of the Corporation in the year 1662, as in that year payments amounting to £\o 13s. 3d. were paid by the Corporation for work done to the building.]: Upon the Pump House was the following inscription ^Si • During the late excavations was found a medieval metal lamp, repre- senting a Stag or Hart, standing on a pedestal, with a place for the light between the antlers. It is of inferior workmanship, but of tolerable size, 8 to 10 inches high. May not this have been a lamp, part of the furniture of the Hart Lodgings, standing on the " Dressore" in the dining-parlour, as the badge of the house? f Council minutes. — "Agreed by generall consent that the charges of Building of the Newe Dry Pump by the King's Bath shall be satisfied and discharged by the chamber of this city." X Council minutes, page 659. — April 1675, John Reed, Maire. 1st — the election of Maires freeman, then the election of woman Bath-guides, one for the Cross Bath and one for the King's Bath, and then as follows : — ^^^^4444^^^44444^44^444^ THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. '7 engraved on a brass plate, and placed there by Captain Henry Chapman, Mayor, 1664: — Jehovah's Blessing let's admire, Here's constant heat and yet no fire ; Bethesda's Pool by sacred hand Within removed to heal the land. God and the King are here our free importers ; God gives the waters an 1 ye King the Charters. Balnea quid prosunt : Thermas quum hac urbe locavit Omnipotens deus has, ista paravit homo. Also close to the Pump House was another inscription on brass — All poor persons not being conveniently able to maintaine themselves and resorting to the Bath for cure of diseases or infirmaties may tale notice that there ought to be a Physitian yearly no minuted and appoynted by the Mayor and Aldermen of Bath, who is to give his best advice from time to time to the said poor persons without any reward from them, there being a salary provided for that by the charitable guift of Dame Elizabeth Vicountess Scudamore.* "Agreed by generall consent that Mr. Chapman Masters shall attend and be the Keeper of the Dry Tump for the Crosse Bath within this Cittie, that is to say to profits, and be" (this unfinished entry is crossed through, and the following appears to be substituted for it) : — "Agreed by generall consent that the Sargeant of the King's Bath shall pay yearley and every ycare during the continuance of his office, and the pleasure of this Corporation, unto Mr. Chapman Masters of this Cittie the sume of Tenne poundes and ievery yeare tenne pounds yearly, and every yeare, or suffer the said Chapman Masters to take the profits of the drinking yearly, at the option of the said Sargeant " " Agreed the like shall be from the Sargeant of the Crosse Bath to Mr. Jo. Champneys." •Extract from Council Book, November, 1652. — "Agreed by general ^wy^y^y^w, rmr jffY^WfW?^ fffr oi'H o 18 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. The first brass tablet has altogether disappeared, but the second one is now under the Loggia, of the King's Bath, in Stall Street. Payment is still made to a medical man on account of this legacy ; the firat recipient was Dr. Venner, her lady- ship's physician ; the second was Dr. Peirce* of the Abbey House. In the centre of the Bath is a stone pedestal and globe, on which rests an iron bar surmounted by a crown, as mentioned by Guidott, 1691, evidently a fragment only of the Tower or Cross erected in 1616 or 1617. f The Queen's Bath, originally the " Newe or Women's Bath," was formed on the Priory lands at the expense, it is consent that Mr. Matthew Clist and Mr. John Pearse have power to receive the two hundred pounds given to the Corporation by my Lord Scudamore and his Lady for a continuall yearly stipend for a phisition to give advice to poore people coming to the Bath at the interest of five pounds per centum and to pay one hundred pounds in satisfaction and discharge cf one bond of ,£100 due to Mr. Francis Knight in London and to return the other ;£ioo to the same Cor- poration, to be paid in discharge of one other bond of .£100 due to Mr. William Chapman, Gierke. " ]n the Record Room, Guildhall, is a counterpart deed of annuity, dated December 10th, 1652, from James Scudamore, Esq , son and heir of Viscount Scudamore, Roger Eosworth, and William Watts to the Mayor of Bath, of £2 per annum to the Mayor for a dinner, and £S per annum to a physician for poor persons. * Dr. Peirce was succeeded in 1706 by Dr. Henry Tarker. 1 717 Dr. Charles Bave was appointed, followed by Dr. Edward Harington in 1733. Dr. Richard Charlton in 1750. In 17S6 Dr. Henry Harington, followed by Dr. John Ford Davis in 1816, who some of my readers may recollect. + Removed, according to Dr. Wilbraham Falconer, in 1732. -. .-V ' '. " ". r. :"■ ' ■:' ". ." ■' - j -lull >..' JiiiUjjJIJ.lJ JXj Hn«4l r ■" ■■■ ' "- ■■ ■■■ ■ ■■■• ' e leg ff ^?"?'-f'V,'»rr/ ■;,'.;; ?;?,£•-;* : : . . ■"-■-'■■' :.' : :. '.:.. ■•->■ v v THE HOT MINERAL 13ATHS OF BATH. 19 > &?& stated, of Thomas Bellott in the commencement of the 17th century ; but, as under the date 1575, there are the following entries in the accounts of the Corporation of payments : — for . : [.J-^l \ rent " for place where the new Bath is made, 4s.," for " stone ; - ?:!^ ; j to the new Bath 10s., payment to the paviour 5s. 8d.," and 'lf0U " Mr. Tucker 1 3s. 46," it is clear that its formation was at an L'' .] earlier date, but subsequent to 1572, as the plan of the Bath ^slcS'ti is not shown in Jones's map of that date. Mr. Bellott in )'■%&£>'';] all probability bought the land and presented it to the lUsl Corporation (freeing them of the yearly rent of 16s. which t-5*&;- they had been paying), and repaired and improved the Bath HsfeH in 1609, hence the tradition that the Bath and its con- J ; §B*3«'j struction were his gift. bls*?^ Free use of the Baths to the poor was granted by pllllli Royal Charter in 1597, and this Bath was set aside for that ! IHH '■ purpose, but upon its being bathed in by Queen Anne of t-'S'^H; Denmark, the wife of James I., in preference to the King's Bath, the poor were provided for elsewhere, and the Bath SssSs was named the Oueen's Bath, a name it still retains. : '§!?fe\--? The little gable building, the Dry Pump, is continued ■ .&*<■ ■<"■. '■- ■ ^?fe c - ; partly into the King's Bath, and contained also what was • §•<-."• called the "Common Pump," an additional spout having l\^'<)'- been added 1673 or 1674 by direction of Sir Alexander i-lfeftftfi Fraser, Bart. The statue of Bladud and the niche (the '-''IlB- ■''!, V'/'V •'-' v >;','; THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OK BATH. painting of which cost 6s. Cd. in 1637), said to be taken from the north gate, are figured in the drawing as they stand at the present time, with the addition of some ornamental iron work on the top of the canopy, on which are hanging the crutches of the recovered cripples, placed there as an evidence of recovery. Two-thirds of the west side of the King's Bath are occupied by a very handsome house that has two fronts, one in Stall Street and one towards the King's Baths, the Stonor Balustrade enclosing a sort of terrace to this house. In Gilmore's map, 1694, it is described as " Mr. William Chapman's lodgings by the King's Bath," and the illustra- tion agrees in almost every particular with the drawing, except that the latter is a careful representation by a more accomplished artist. There are few houses now in the city of such architectural character. It has a resemblance in the balustrade at the top to the house built at Bradford-on-Avon by John Hall, it is evidently a copy of it, and may have had the same Designer. Mr. J. T. Irvine has found a record that this house was built by Mr. John Chapman in 1653, who had encroached on the Bath and on Stall Street, and an action was threatened by the Corporation.* "Council Book, 4thNovember, 1653, page 9S. — "Whereas Mr. John Chapman is erectinge of a messuage or tenement in Stalle Street, late in the possession of xlel THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 21 In 1675 it was the property of Mr. Walter Chapman, but rented by John, of the same name, who paid 5s. a year for the " dore " into the Bath."* In front of this house, but in the bath, is the brass Peter Chapman, and as it is commenced the said Mr. John Chapman, John Farr, Samuel Dawes, and other workmen under them, hath encroached on the ground belongeinge to the streete of the said Cittie and also backwards on the King's Bath. It is awarded and agreed by general consent that the sergeants of the Maire do goe and forbid the said John Farr, Samwell Dawes, and such other workemen as shall from henceforth worke there from makinge any further buildinge forth either backwards on the King's Bath or forwards on the street till leave and lycence be given them how farr they shall goe, &c, &c. This was considered at the next meeting of the Council, 2nd December, and entered as follows : — "Encroachment in the foundations of the house he is nowe building in Stall Streete, betweene the houses of Mr. Symon Sloper and the Beare lodgings, about sixteene inches towards the streete. Whether ye said encroachment on ye foundation shall be granted unto him payinge a yearly rent there fore. Say yes — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1. Agreed it shall be granted unto him as aforesaid. What Mr. John Chapman shall pay yearly for ye saide encroachment : — Xs.— 1. XX,. — 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. XXs.— I I I 1. 40s. — 1 1. 50s.— 1. 60s. — 1. Agreed he shall pay 20s. per annum." • In the charges for the funeral expenses of Bishop Montague, 161S, occur the following payments which I quote, thinking them interesting : — The procession consisted of 50 horses hired at ,£25. Three of these died on the road, and £37 is charged for them. Three days' journey from Southwark to Bath, where the company remained from Wednesday to Monday. Item for a baite by the waye to Bathe (from Marlborough)... 200 Item for horssmeate and to the ostlers I 5 ° Item paide to Mr. Walter Chapman for (torn MSS.) ■-■:■:■ ■. -; ■ 22 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS 01 BATH. pump, which has only lately (1881) been removed, erected at the express wish of Sir Alexander Fraser, Bart, physician to Charles II., in the year 1674. Connected with the Chapman's house to the north is a gabled building of two stories. At the time that the Lodging (Mem. Mr. Walter Chapman was one of the Justices ; his son kept the Hart, and William Chapman was Mayor this year.— C. E .D.) 3 houses, plate, liimen (torn) provisions as he made for „ one above there „ hand , Item for the hearrolds diet at Bathe the first time they came within I 9 Item for theire dinners and wyne the next day I 10 Item for theire suppers that night ... I 4 Item for theire breakfasts the next morneing o 17 Item for theire horssmeate 2 o Item given in reward in the house where they lay ... ... o 5 Item paid the butcher for meate at Bathe during an abode there for some man that came before for a quarter of mutton 05 Item for a piece of beefe ... o 4 Item for 2 joints of veale & a leg of mutton .. o 5 Item for 2 muttons o Item for 2 lambes ... 1 o &c. &c. &c. Item paid Mr. Wilton Chapman for baye salte o 3 Item for doctor Wood's lodging ... I I Item for doctor Rivett's lodging .. 10 Item given where the doctors laye ... ... 5 JUS m o< ; , a.'.elceeoeooeaooeeeeooQeeeeeoQoo©©©© -/ - ? « -. - - ©. THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 23 9Jt£ji!C : : : : ill House which I have just described was built there was an open «| |g slip to the King's Bath, but in the year 1664 Mr. Henry- Chapman had liberty given him to erect this latter house "over the cabin by the King's Bath," paying the small rent of 2s. It was his property at the time of this drawing, but it was let, I think, to Mr. John Chapman, as there is an account credited to him in the year 1675 of 5s. for his "dore." Eggic as 1* £&« SPr 6 Vis sftste The city of Bath owes a great part of the original ^|-AS |ls; fftjW >> restoration of the Abbey to the Chapman family just men- tioned, and for nearly 300 years the local history is 9 inseparably connected with them. There were 18 Mayors Item delivered to Mr. Walter Chapman for 30 poore men to be distributed at Bathe as follows, \\-dz. — to V® ©K® ■<■■>, te eftil© "•■if© a® IS jgsie for his ginne and \\-ils. in reward, total... .. ... 36 S o Item to Mr. Pellin, minister of Bathe, for 5 years at xxs. ...500 Archoeologia Soc. Ant., 44, 2 part. @|?^iS 61 "ft* [& These items are large. I have no doubt there was a license to charge Q extra for funerals, as there was within a few years of 18S3 The Contract for the erection of the Tomb of Bishop Montague in the cHsfti'' north aisle of the nave of the Abbey Church is still in existence, and is in the si! Sifts MS possession of Baroness North, as communicated to the Camden Society, 1868. @l|V;i® The Contract includes all the work, "except onlie the iron grate," and cost ©Is®!;® ,£200. Three years since, through the liberality of an unknown benefactor alSl© and under my honorary superintendence, this Tomb was completely restored. sftiJlP A perusal of this Contract revealed that the Tomb was of Alabaster and Black Marble, "Touch stone." Instead, therefore, of repainting it as originally PhftiHS intended, I had the paint cleaned off, the decorations only being re-gilt GiKJ-ikS » and painted, and the coats of arms restored to their proper colours and i4Jsfti|*5 marshalling. ojSSje o -_» .- :■-: j _ _ v .. . . .- : :• •_- ■_ _ . . o . o - 3 o 9 j) 9 g 9_ g - > 9 3 ■- g 9. g B - j) jj ■ - 9 © - - - - - [®, I •> ■es&eeeeeadeeeoe© a ©eeeeeeoeeeQeeoeeoeeeeeeeeeeoeeeooeeeSfceeeesi© i m 24 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. of this family from the time of the Charter of Elizabeth, in which a John Chapman is named as an Alderman, to the end of the last century. The Henry Chapman, previously mentioned, Captain of the Traynei Band, made himself singularly famous in the year 1661 ; he survived the indigna- tion of his fellow citizens, as he was reinstated in the Council by them and elected Mayor three years later. The Captain Chapman, whom some of my readers may recollect, was, I believe, the last of the family; he gave about 20 years since a collection of books and MSS. to the Corporation, which is now deposited in the Royal Literary Institution* * The story of 1661 is briefly as follows : — " Captain Henry Chapman, desiring to be Mayor, obtained a troop of Militia and forcibly took away from the city four Aldermen (one being a Justice of the Peace), and six Common Councilmen ; finding this did not give him a majority in the Council, he on the Lord's Day following with other of his confederates "met in an ale house" during the time of evening service and arranged to take two other Councilmen, Mr. William Treland and Mr. John Reede, prisoners. Upon the day of election, the Mayor John Ford, and Recorder Frynne being in their seats, on a show of hands, Captain Chapman (receiving 1 1 votes and Alderman Parker S), insisted on his election, using very bad language. Complaint was formally made before the King and Council, at Whitehall, on the 25th October following. The complaint contains nine articles, and the decision of the King is lengthy, so I give only a quotation." "These differences tending much to his Majesty's disservice, the disturbance of the peace and government of that Cittie, and being of bad example to other Corporations, all which being taken into consideration, his Majesty was displeased that his Militia should be any way employed to strengthen faction, 4c, 4c It is ordered that the Right Hon. the Duke of Ormond doe forthwith recall his commission granted to THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 25 A view of the King's Bath, taken in 1764, shows these houses removed, and the King's Bath thrown open to Stall Street, but this was an imaginary removal as they were not taken down until purchased by the Corporation for the erection of the Baths in 1788. The next house gabled with oriel windows fronting a Corridor to the Bath and balustraded on the front towards Stall Street was known as "Mr. Symon Sloper's Lodgings ;" they were in 1675 rented by him of Mr. Robert Chapman, who was Mayor in 1668.* The corridor to the Bath led Captain Chapman, and above that his Grace doe take care that the commande of the Trayned Bands of the Cittie and hundred of Bathforum be conferred upon some worthie and fit person living in or near the said Cittie." After this decision the Corporation sent King Charles II. j£ioo in gold, delivered to him August, 1662, by the hands of William Frynne, Recorder, as the free and voluntary present of the Corporation. " His Majesty most graciously received it, and commanded his most hearty thanks." I have made the above precis from the Corporation books, but a full account is given by Prynne in his " Brevia Parliamentarian' in which it will be found that Captain Chapman was endeavouring to obtain an enlargement of the franchise, that the Members of Parliament should be elected by the Freemen, instead of by the Corporation alone. * Mr. Symon Sloper appears to have been also the host of the Christopher (Hotel), succeeding the Sherstones. From what I can gather, William Sherstone, M.P. for Bath in 15S3 and subsequently, Mayor in 15S7 with John Sherstone chamberlain, and again Mayor in 1590, was not only the tenant of Barton Farm, but was landlord of the Christopher. Warner also records a tradition that Queen Elizabeth slept at Barton House (now the workrooms of Messrs. Jolly in Old King StreeO. It is far more probable that her Majesty was the guest of the Mayor of Bath, at his hostelry in the High Street. The Sherstones were mBsmmswssag^sBm mB g^mBMam. MS^^&fv^re* 1 26 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OK BATH. from Stall's Churchyard ; there was another house to the north of this house, not seen in the view, which at the time of this drawing was the property of Mr. Berkeley Came, but was let by him to "Widow Swallow," she paying for her Hath Dore 5s. to the Corporation. The corridor to the Balcony of this Bath had a building of small dimensions over it, also the property of Mr. Berkeley Carnc, and he gave his name to the Slip in the basement, known as late as the end of the 1 8th century as the "Berkeley Carne Slip." Enclosing the Bath on the north is the Stonor Terrace and Balustrade. The first building on this side is a well-built corniced and balustradcd house of a more modern and classical character than those described, although a portion of it is older, timbered and barge boarded. On referring to Gillmore's map I find this house figured and named "The Cann Office by the King's Bath." It is difficult to explain this name. I find that there is a house called the " Cann Office " in Montgomeryshire, and another on the south side of Shrewsbury* In Worcestershire there is a well-known hotel, "The Hundred publicans, farmers, and clothiers. In 1675 John Sherstone rented under the Corporation " a Water Com Mill and Tucking Mill, called Monk's Mill and the little island adjoining." * " Cantred office, the office of the hundred." — j\'o/es and Queries. : svJi*7-rr<*r S THE HOT MINERAL HaTIIS OF BATH. 27 House " (an English translation of Cantrcdi, where the Petty Sessions are still held. This Bath " Cann Office " may have been the house in which the business of Bath Forum Hundred was transacted by the magistrates or by the Lord of the Hundred. Previous to the County Court being held in Bath there was a " Court of Requests." Was this latter Court the successor to the Court of the Hundred, of which this "Cann Office" was the head-quarters ? Another solution of the name is : — " Canna means a measure for cloth goods or for agricultural purposes ; also a cup or can." At the time that this house was built Bath was a centre of the West of England clothing trade, and this house may have been the Cloth Market, or where the standard measures for cloth were kept. The finding in the excavations lately made beneath the windows of the former Cann Office of several mediaeval merchants' counters rather assists this explanation. (A term in Scotland exists, " Kane," rent in kind.) Whatever the name may mean, the Cann Office was at this date a wine shop and lodging, and leased under the Corporation by Mr. Barkeley or Berkeley Carne. His wife was. Miss Elizabeth Speke, daughter of Sir Hugh Speke, of Hazlebury, who was uncle of Sir George Speke, K.B., M P. for Bath. After her husband's death she continued, according to Dr. Peirce, to let lodgings, and lived (SgAtA 'i^A'*/* r * fi r *' £ £ ^ £ ® r * f* & C*f* S ft £ ftft ft ftft ftft ft*ft ft^ft, V iv ir iL 4k - A.' A. 4k 4k 4* ,W 4v ^k' 4k 4k /k' ii 4k -k 4k 4k 4V' Jk: *k xi ii Jk 4k' ik 4k *k 4k *k 4\ .k 4V 4*. 4 ^ \yy y y y y yy y yy yyiyy y y y y yy y y y y y y yy lal /^DiK* 28 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. S3 M K> ft]y| to a great age W. Berkeley Cariic's name occurs frequently /•^NpN ' n tnc Corporation Bills, for " Canarie, three and half ® timbered building of two storeys, with what appears at (gj rojg» first sight to be a sun-dial on the centre gable, but a careful /fisdKS examination justifies my believing it to be the "Horologe," ® M\r or clock, which cost the Corporation, in 1600, the then large sum of ^5 6s. 8d. ^j kj tY The lower storey is open and supported upon posts and @ ^ p> has every appearance of being a shop, or public room of til tk)lft some sort ; I conclude it was a coffee-house, -f- or lounge, the $3 ^ K* precursor of the modern Pump Room. A small house stood $3rXK) next to this, over what was called the Queen's Slip, and 1 remained in the possession of the Boyses.j until pulled the Corporation for the sum of ,£850, in order to enlarge the first Pump Room. @] H\ |?> t This house was in the possession of John Amor in 1702, as it was <3> c^\V/<'"V 30 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. m commenced, the cost of the building of which was to be paid out of the monies received from the Pumper ; this proving insufficient, the balance, £400, was voted by the Council on completion, October, 1706.* This Pump Room was very small, and, complaints being made by the medical men of its insufficient size, it was enlarged in 1734, and " a gallery built for the music, and steps made to the King's Bath;" and in November, 1750, the Corporation decided to still further enlarge, and to purchase " The Cann Office." The Corporation accepted a plan for a slight enlargement of the Pump Room, May, 1751, selling the buildings not required to the west. A iwSvfMsyfiJ band was maintained in the Pump Room from the ?<0> '/A\'<$ voluntary gifts of visitors. I suppose we may assume a v$-aY/v*$ collection was made at certain intervals, as it was not until v*"t »©5V ' * * n tn ' s ^ um P R° om was a brass plate with the following inscription : — |?J VVjT- ; ^ " A nno Dom. 1 706. ^ ^V*- i c 3* "* nis building was erected at the charges of the Chamber of this City, Dr. <0> ~7Ax-- ; AvvV""* tlle ? am P witl1 tne cistern thereunto belonging, is the gift of Thomas Meyrick, IsH \^i : 'f fOi Esq., Anno Dom. 1709. The Watch and Sun Dial was given by Mr. Thomas llfPSkl^lIsi Tompion, of London, Clockmaker." The "Watch" is the Clock now £W*s«w|a*§| beneath the statue of Beau Nash in the present Pump Room. .V-,, 1 £\?;;i s : S mm THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 31 |&! ~ —7: B^Bfe 1784 that a book was placed in the Tump Room for Sub- ! ''V'f'/ or the company ? i&^Wr m Wk? Pi In 1784 some additions were again made to the Pump Room, and the *S«'/«3i\*yt following year £130 was voted Tor the erection of a colonnade to the front, but I X? ; _\7,' X4 have been unable to ascertain whether this was expended. The very confined <£> fcj y. ~ frS state of the King's Baths and the advantages derived to visitors from the «$>-^C "-' erection of Private Baths and at the Kingston Baths being self evident, a com- -yv t ' /j\ '• /\l mittce was appointed by the Corporation, 1787, to consider general improve- iLv \<£yy Vv' ments. The result was a considerable purchase of property and the erection by 1-1 • '\y J^ Mr. Baldwin of the present Baths and their completion, June, 1792. The new iS'vSV/'-i'v' Pump Room was evidently planned and commenced with the Baths, but its IjK *,"- A erection was conducted under greater difficulties and with many changes Upon the completion of the Baths Mr. Baldwin was dismissed from hisappoint- ^0> Vy*/ > ment of City Architect and Deputy Chamberlain, and in December the following y\ ,;\/ > year (1793) a committee reported that ,£2,600 was required to complete the Pump Room. The whole matter was referred to Dr. Harington (the Mayor), ff'X Mr. Horton and Mr. Wiltshire, "who are requested to consult with Mr. m HP! i-i'r^] &M THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. The drawing shows the balustrading along the east side of the bath also. This formed a terrace beneath which were steps and slips (the one to the right being called the Queen's Slip), which communicated by a gallery with other buildings. A house called the " Queen's Lodging" was to the east; its successor, lately (1880) removed, was built early in the 18th century, retaining much of its predecessor's form and construction. It had a court yard in front to the east and another to the west, between it and the Queen's Bath, with which it directly communicated. Palmer" (who is sometimes called Builder, at other times Architect), and it was ordered that " Mr. Revely be paid £27 9s 6d., the amount of his expenses, drawing plans of the Baths and Pump Rooms." The following January, 1794, the committee reported on the plans and elevation of the Pump Room, drawn by Mr. Palmer, on which they were instructed to proceed "and to call in assistance if required." The Pump Room is not a building of architectural merit, its general plan is excellent, but it is far inferior to the Guildhall, both externally and internally, and greatly inferior to the work of Wood, the Architect of the Assembly Rooms. I think there can be little doubt that the design is neither altogether Baldwin's nor Palmer's, but possibly a combination design, with introductions by Revely. The principal elevation does not harmonise with the Baths and the Colonnade, and is sadly inferior to the very artistic and original facade of its western front. The extract from Pindar, APIETON MEN YAUP, on the Pediment was placed there by Dr. Harington's selection. \ Prtlv$ WX^ WX'A PrX M fwlw YvX rt &-X H W3& A PrW . « WV; , A' Pr&H YvJ.fi On the north side of the gallery was a large house, enlarged after the date of this drawing and still encroaching on the King's Bath. In the iSth century, and perhaps earlier, this house was called the " Star Chamber." Was it so called, as the famous Star Chamber of Westminster, from its containing "eshtars," or acknowledgments of debt (it might have once been the Record Rooms of the Prior), or did it acquire this name as a nickname, as being the lodging of the most distinguished visitors ? Either view has I think equal weight. The arcade beneath the late Free Library was a public way only 40 years since, and led from the Bath to the Abbey House, the latter not removed until 1754. I believe this arcade took the place of the gallery which may have been of two storys, and which, as I have previously men- tioned, led to the Royal lodgings, or Abbey House, of Dr. Peirce as described by him. The Abbey House was a residence of more consideration than any in Bath and its immediate neighbourhood, with the exception of Newton St. Lo Castle, or Kelston (old) House, It adjoined the south wall of the Abbey Church, to which there was a private entrance,* the doorway still existing, * " The convenient situation of my house having on one side a gallery that P' 34 the hot mineral baths or hath. and had a frontage to the cast of 170 feet, with Terrace Gardens, " Pleasaunce," and a Bowling Green extending as far as the city walls, with orchards to the river.* In the drawing, exceedingly carefully drawn, is, in the centre of the King's Bath, a large octagon building known as The Cross, including as it did the principal spring, where goes into the Kings (the best for Paralytick Persons, if at least they can stand the heat), and on the other side out of my Garden a private Door into the Church, entering by which less notice might be taken of a limping Bride." — "Bath Memoirs," by Dr. Peirce, 1697, p. 79. * On the site of the Abbey House, and also on that of the House "the $','*' / *""V ; V~^': , '5 Queen's Lodgings," formerly stood the Palace of John de Villula, Bishop of ''■ , '&/.;AO , |'"i: Bath (and Wells) 10SS to 1122. Leland speaks of its ruins, although ' ''yii "'!.', -',..' undoubtedly a portion of it, when he visited Bath, was the residence of the Prior - "Wy " j^K* of Bath. I believe that the Palace reached westward, very nearly to the margin ; . ...^-o -H-^i-Xi of the King's Bath, and that the entrance to the Palace from the west was about *• ' fj \\ '"!? tne position of where the Queen's Bath has been since made. The water of the ';.-;-, ■-,,', f '!; Bath and the rivulet from it running south would fill the protecting moat V .'?•""-!":" - '' of the Palace. So many remains, undoubtedly the work of John de Villula, k'IvV ('?'•''' have been found during the excavations of the Roman Bath, beneath the -'•*. L-or-_SvJ " Queen's Lodgings," that I am led to this belief. They were mostly found Vfjf V^ ,\ above the level of the fagot foundation that had been placed over the steaming marsh. These architectural fragments may have been taken from the Abbey Church itself, but I think I am more justified in believing that they are portions of the domestic buildings of the Bishop. John de Villula bought the City of Bath from Henry I. for 500 marks, ^338 6s. ; rebuilt the Abbey Church, and, in the words of h ; s will protested that "for the honour of God and St. Peter, I have laboured and at length effected with all decent authority, that the Head and Mother Church of the Bishopric of Somerset shall be in the City of Bath, in the Church of St. refer." : » :; ; ;: .,-.,^..; 1 ;i..i,.-.u,;...i.;4.,i..'i«-s«;4i. THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF LATH. 55 the water is hottest. This division of the Bath is described in the drawing as "the kitchen." The timber foundations of this cross were found during the late excavations, indeed the cross itself must h^ve been in great part a timber erection. It is a cross on plan, with four niches, making it octagonal. Each tran ept is an elliptical arch enclosed by pilasters supporting a pediment. Cupids and heraldic figures flank the pediments. From this rises an octagon, enriched with pierced oval panels on each face with pilasters and a cornice. This octagon supports a scale roofed ogee dome, surmounted by a crowned lion holding a shield. Lofty crocketed pinnacles are at each angle. The building altogether must have exceeded, or at least equalled, 40 feet in height. The earliest representation of it is in this drawing, 1675, and its latest 17S0. It was erected in the year 1664 at the expense of the city, costing £150 4s. 8d.,* with a view of * An Account of the charges for erecting the Cross in the King's Bath, Anno Dom. 1664. Imp. Paid Robert Cornish for the hyre of three horses to Neston, for Ben Bowkent, Sam Daw, and my selfe to Bargain for tymber ... ... ... ... 00 04 06 t This Ben Bowken, moie properly Benedict Beken (variously spelt), afterwards a illfllllflflllfMlIilllfil m .y p y v y 1 9 a y t y y y y y y y v y y y y I v MM ;.v/-. ;.;•;:-.■. ■■ : -■' ";•" ■ affording protection to the bathers, and was richly painted and gilt, replacing a stone cross (fragments of which were 06 06 04 00 03 00 02 06 01 00 17 00 08 00 10 00 Imp. Spent then upon [two Carpenters the plowman & our own expenses ... ... ... ... 00 „ Paid for the carriage of fowcr load of tymber from Xeston 03 ,, Paid for horse hyre to Norton for Sam Daw and myselfe 00 „ Spent then upon the plowman and our onne expenses ... 00 ,, Paid a Messenger for going to Norton to procure plowes 00 ,, Paid Thos. Parker and Smith for ye carriage of two loads of Tymber I rom Norton ... ... ... 1 ,, Taid Robt. Billett of Neston for squaring the Tymber ... 00 „ Paid for the carriage of tenn cwt. of blew tyles, at i/- perCwt. ... ... ... ... ... 00 ,, Paid for horse hyre to Bristoll for Ben Beken to buy Tyles and Tarrys ... ... 00 01 06 „ Paid for carriage of two load of Tymber more from Norton ... ... ... ... ... 01 17 00 „ Paid Parker & Barton lor carriage of three loads of Tymber from Norton ... ... ... ... 01 16 00 „ Paid Edward Sheppard the several Bills ... ... 17 17 10 ,, Paid the two Chivelyes ye severall Bills ... ... 10 16 10 member of the Corporation, was son or grandson of the Eeacon, who did the whole of the tiling of the Abbey on its restoration, and gave a window to the south transept. Benedict Beacon was a man of property ; he had a timber yard adjoining the pound near the Sawclose, another timber yard on the banks of the river near the East Gate, called in his lease " A Myre Mi.xen ;" and in 1660 he built a house against the north side of the Abbey, the breadth of two of the aisle windows. He also was the builder as well as the owner of the Presbyterian House in Frog Lane. mm W@M~@MM&M&MM®Mi&®MM^^^@MM0M THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH 37 found during the excavations) removed the same year. It remained until the year 17S r, when it was ordered to be taken down. Baldwin, a predecessor of mine as City Imp. Paid to Samuell Day ye severall Bills ,, Taid to Wllm. Adlington ye severall Bills ,, Paid to Jeremy Wilshire ye severall Bills „ Paid to Thomas Woodman for Tymber ye Bill ,, Paid to Farmer Kyneton for Tymber ye Bill ... „ Paid to Mr. Prestoll for Timber ye Bill ,, Paid to Benedett Beken ye Bill ,, Paid to John Farr ye Bill ... ,, Paid to Roger Pook ye Bill „ Paid to Edward Gibbons ye Bill ,, Paid to Mr. John Chapman ye Bill ... ,, Paid to 'John Harvey ye Bill „ Paid for the carriage of tenn hundred of Tyles more at 1/ „ Paid for the carriage of twelve hundred of Tyles more at 1/- ,, Paid for 32 c. of Tyles att 1/ 2d. per hund. ... „ Paid for two Bushells an a half of Tarrie att 6d. per Bushell ,, Paid for seaven Sacke of Lyme „ Paid a labourer for tenn days worke, „ Paid Thomas Cox for fower days labour, att Is. 6d. per diem „ Paid for three sacks of Lyme more ... ,, Paid John Cox for fower dayes work and for a load of stones. ,, Paid for the carriage of the Tarris ... „ Paid for two Sacke of Lyme more ... 10 10 00 19 06 06 02 19 10 02 19 10 oS 07 09 07 11 00 05 12 00 01 18 00 04 06 06 00 17 01 00 06 10 40 00 00 00 10 00 00 12 00 01 15 04 00 15 00 00 07 00 00 10 00 00 06 06 00 04 00 00 02 00 WMm bsRP Mw§m THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. Architect, erected another cross* in its place, but as to its material whether of stone or timber, or indeed as to its form, there is no record. It had but a short reign, being removed upon the erection of the present Pump Room in 1796, or within a few years of that date. A description of the Baths would not be complete did I not mention, that in addition to the thank-offerings surrounding and embellishing them, there was a number of brass rings inserted in the walls for the use of the bathers. These rings were at one time very numerous, and there are still twelve remaining that were in the Bath at the time of this drawing, or shortly after, on which are the following inscriptions. I include one or two that were in the Cross or Hot Bath, but removed to the King's Bath : Lydia White, dawter of William White, Citizen and Draper of London, 1612. T. D., 1639. Thos. Windham, Esq., 1664. Thos. Windham, of Witham, Esq , gave six rings to this Cross, A.D. 1664. Imp. Paid for repairing the Ginn Ropes and Luggs for Scaffolds ,, Paid Goodman Symmons for measuring the Tymber and Horse hyre ... 00 05 00 xx Sumedtotall .. 150/04^08^ * 1 781, Sept — Building called the kitchen in the King's Bath ordered to be taken down, resolved that a new building designed by Mr. Baldwin be erected. W 93 sr **« w & ^m^^^^^^^&^^k^^p^^^^k^^MM^^m ill THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 39 <3><3> Thanks to God, I, John Revet, his Majesty's Brazier, at 50 yrs. of age in ye J^W" present month of July, 1674, Received Cure of a True Palsie from Head 'l)v jv* to Foot on one side.* r&'.S% Barbara, Dvchess of Clevland, Anno Domini, 1674 (Royal Arms). iW.^v? Sir William Whitmore, Barronnet, when Mr. Robert Chapman his Frind < '<£)» was 2nd the Mayor, 1677. <2* The gift of Mrs. Elizabeth Stratton, of London, Anno 16S9. S/5%1 Jasiel Grov, of London, in memoriam providentia: devinx, Anno Domini, 169S. Pssfjls Sir William Whitmore, Knight and Baronknight, An. Do., 1679. "X»*Xl The Gift of Abrm. Rudhall, Bellfounder in Gloucsr. X*>*v2 Tho : Delves. B : By God's Marcy and l'vmping here Formerly Ayded. rSferot Against an Inposthvme in his Head, cavsed this to be fixed, June the 13, 1693. <3> ; Many of these rings are handsome and massive, more especially the Duchess of Cleveland's and Abraham " the order of the Corporation, in 1654, costing is. a piece, fllPf and in 1663, the sum of 9s. was charged for 6 of these HHk rings - il| Having described the architecture and the inanimate fslllf surroundings of the Baths, the crowd of figures requires a '^5=7 «0 : 01 few words of description, to do justice to which is needed HHH the pen of a Planchc or a Fairholt. '0.0' There is scarcely a window in the various blocks of buildings which is not more or less occupied with figures. i<£»f|§S In the building which is believed to be part of "The §§1111 Three Tuns" the windows, not glazed, are furnished with osllil - 00 * This is the John Revet who purchased of Parliament the noble equestrian j5| S^; statue of King Charles I., byLe Soeur, and who in spite of strict injunctions «2*<2i King Charles II., when it was erected at Charing Cross. <£><£» 00 0W00W0W0*0 r 0^W0M0?000M0S0W0W0W0M00 m^^000000^M0^00M0^00M,00M0^^0M0 m :l < v v ;; ;i, ;,-. <-■■> <& 40 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. shutters opening outwards. In the upper story of the first gable are three men with curly wigs, without hats, hair cut across the forehead, turndown collars and no beards. In the story beneath is a cavalier, partly hidden by a curtain, with a dark beard. In the upper story of the next gable arc a lady and gentleman, the latter bearded and amply wigged ; and beneath, in a window devoid of glass, but shuttered, is a cavalier with a high-crowned slouched hat, with ringlets in excess. In the "Hart Lodgings," on which is the date 1618, there are three gentlemen with slouched hats and one with a small hat and short hair, a lady with a hood, and the old lady with hit and ruff previously mentioned. In the next house all the figures at the windows appear to be ladies ; they are drawn to so small a scale that this is uncertain, as also whether their head-dress is the "furbelowed scarf" or hood of the period. In the windows of the remaining buildings are many figures ; all appear to be ladies or children, one only having a ruff that must have been old-fashioned at the date of this drawing. In both of these houses is an unfinished figure, left, I imagine, to be filled in with the portrait of the landlord. The Queen's Bath is almost completely filled with figures which, with one or two exceptions, are ladies ; according to Pepys — "Very fine ladies, and the manner H B V Vt V °$ c c f '\>:s>:tf) k r, ff ;b «y , .■ THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 43 ■ l ffifig , -; '.;..' [ a flSSie c* J dress is looking down from the gallery close to the "dry 11^§ pump," as also another in front of the " Hart lodgings," who has a gauntleted hand. At the north-west corner of the gailery is the figure of a clergyman dressed in black, with falling bands, some- gf j3|§i what lank hair, and a large low-crowned hat. This is probably intended for the Rev. Joseph Glanvill, then Rector at the Abbey. In the north gallery are many figures, ladies in hoods and gentlemen in various forms of slouched hats and ringlets. Beneath the clock is a gentleman, very likely a portrait of a notable character, in a lace-edged, turn-up hat, wearing a jerkin buttoned down the front. Could this have been intended for the Mayor's Officer, whose duty was to receive the bathers and maintain order ? This officer in the time of Guidott was George Masters, a " sworn attorney" and the town clerk. According to the Corporation Records Mr. Theodore Wakeman was elected August 27th, 1675, in succession to Mr. Richard Wakeman, deceased. Theodore, dying in December, was succeeded by Edward Bushell, elected January 4th, 1675-76, "comon Clark and Prothonotary of this Citty." This sketch may be a repre- sentation of one of these three officials. I may mention L;^^:.:..:^-;..,.;:..: -..;r_:;.:.: — . .. . ;... ' — :'. '.:;.s-.i:_..c,.:... 1 ..;,...:;c,~,..:^:„:..;..;.. 1 .;,. i ; i rift u^ : : lik'J JJJJJJi 44 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. that there are two or three heads at the windows left incomplete, which were no doubt intended to be filhd in with. portraits of well-known characters or the landlords of the houses. The figures in the foreground are fourteen full-length sketches, affording a very good idea of the style of dress of the date. Both the ladies and the gentlemen a\ pear to be in light colours, and two out of five of the hats are also light. Briefly described the following is the costume, com- mencing from the left. FIRST, GENTLEMAN— Long hair, no hat, wearing the loose coat introduced by Charles II., 1666, with turn-up cuff, a double row of tagged ribbons terminating the breeches, garters below the knee with bows or " favours," corked shoes with winged bows. Nos. Two, Three, Five — Ladies hooded or scarfed, long- waisted, short-sleeved, large collars of lace or point coupe, very full petticoats, or rather skirts, tucked up and tied back at the waist, with a large bow displaying close petticoat or cotillon beneath, reaching to the ground. These tucked-up skirts were called manteaux, and when let down formed a train, the length of which was regulated according to the rank of the wearer. Between Three and Five is another lady in similar costume, but omitting the collar. After the Fifth Figure there are several rrmi! SSjff 1±&J^ ri&. mvtA 11m ? ^m>§&£ t m$$&» £&m£ MMiBiiMi* THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 45 heads seen above the balustrade, one lady holding a folding-fan.* Sixth, Gentleman — Half-length, slouch hat and ringlets. Seventh, Gentleman — Looking down into the Bath, wearing a very low-crowned hat and a quilted coat ; canions or cannons with the lining coming below and " ruffled, tagged ribbons, like a pigeon's leg," and high-heeled shoes. Eighth, GENTLEMAN — Low- crowned hat, similar coat to No. i, tied in cannons, garter and bow, shoes and winged strings. Ninth, Gentleman — The only figure with a sword which hangs from a broad baldrick, slouch hat and long hair, coat with short sleeves and turn-up cuff, showing sleeve of vest or "cassocke" tied in cannons, and shoes. This is the most grace- fully sketched figure in the drawing, and is apparently in the act of throwing money into the Bath for which the two boys are about to dive — a common practice of the time, as mentioned by Guidott. Sir George Speke, the ancestor of the discoverer of the source of the Nile, was elected Member for Bath, 1675. I should like to prove this drawing was intended for him. Tenth, Gentleman — Hat, hair and coat as No. 7, petticoat breeches (as they were called) with ribbons, garter below the knee and bow, * The Stonor Balustrade at this point stands on the Roman wall, the boundary of the Great Bath ; this is the only bit of ancient work that remained above the surface of the ground through the middle ages until now, and curiously enough has been overlooked by all antiquaries. f*tp? m" tmm " wmt ° t;:t ' m: "" m: ' wm mm mm mm ■• ",- -jv nrsTi7m;>i:s7!ZTSvi7n^u^rsc!, '. ■:■: Ci'CfflXttWXtt 46 THE MOT MINERAL BATHS OV BATH. shoes, and strings. ELEVENTH, Lady— As No. 2, omitting lace collar. Twelfth, Lady— As the other ladies, but the dress low showing the neck, the dress being cut pointed behind. The next figure is that of a lady like the others, but simpler, and with a sort of full kerchief round the neck. All the figures are very carefully drawn ; but those of the ladies are wanting in grace ; the fashion of the ladies' dress, the heads in large hoods, and the fulness c f the drapery are particularly clumsy, whilst the dress of the men is peculiarly picturesque. It is a pity that this drawing does not include a few Sedan chairs, as they were then used in Bath, although scarcely known at the time in London. The bathers, when not residing in one of the lodgings overlooking the Bath, were usually packed in a sheet and blankets* and sent home in a chair. Sedan chairs were within the last thirty years still used in Bath, but are now entirely replaced by the wheel chairs. In the end of the last century there were only 20 licensed Hackney coaches in the city, whilst there were 250 Sedan chairs. * To the Cross Bath where we were carried . . . Carried away wrapped in a sheet, and in a chair home (I stayed above two hours in the water), to bed sweating for an hour."— /V/yV Diary, 1668. 000 0000000098090009900080000000000000000090000000000000 PPPQ^ THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. ±7 l ( ■ ( ( This drawing is a most valuable record, as it represents the busy state of the King's Bath and its original form i when the Cross Bath (enlivened by a band) was the ] favourite and most fashionable bathing place. Pepys, previously quoted, who visited Bath in 1668, has ] 1 the following in his Diary: — Monday, June 15 — "Looked ] into the Baths, and found the King's and Oueen's full of a mixed sort of good and bad, and the Cross almost only for the gentry." The drawing illustrates this memorandum to the life. It is a pity a sketch is not extant of the Cross Bath. In examining this drawing it must be remembered it was drawn before Bath had become the fashionable City that it became in the following century, and whilst the town was still confined within the walls and gates of the mediaeval city, and nearly 50 years before the erection of Queen Square and the Parades, or any systematic attempt to build beyond the ancient borough was commenced. In order that a slight description may be given of the City of Bath, or rather its prominent features, and of the habits of the people, as far as can be ascertained, and of the places of resort, &c, an imaginary visitor may be introduced, who it must be assumed is a " Person of Quality." A visitor to Bath at the date of this print may have 9jgRjC 00089 000000 90090000000 00090990009999 ~99Q990000QQ090000a8e«>- e ..IC »b.-Saoobed o>©o©©»e©e0e©e©©eee©©©©a©©«3©w©©«>eei© m^m^^mMm^^^^m^M^^m>m>mmm>^)>^)>^>^M^m 1 TIIK HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. come from London by one of the five daily coaches,* taking two or three days on the road ; or he might come in his own coachf or on horseback, engaging a guide from p'acc to place, staying at Reading, Newbury and Marlborough, feeing the menders of the highway from place to place. ' On the road he would pass Littlecot, the home of Colonel Sir Francis Popham, K.C.B., M.P. for Bath, who had lately died (April) ; and on entering Kingsdown he would look down on the house of the recently elected member in his stead, Sir George Speke, of Hazlebury, Box, and Whi:e Lackington. He might also see Squire Skrene's old house at Warleigh, and Claverton House of the Bassetts, at times M.P.'s for Bath, who also then owned (Bath) Hampton. The visitor would enter Bath by the north * 1696 — Charges to Bath in the 3 day Coach : — Coach Hire each ... ... ... ... 01 00 00 In ye 2 day Coach ... ... ... ... 01 05 00 Company No. 9. Colebrook dinner ... ... ... ... o S 9 Redding supper ... ... ... ... o 17 o Newbury dinner ... ... ... ... 14 6 Marlborough supper ... ... ... ... 13 5 Sandy Lane August 27, (White Hart Inn— C. E. D.) 10 o MS. mem. in old book, t The coach started early in the morning from the Saracen's Head, in Friday Street. Newbury was reached at night; the quaiters were at the Lion. The next day the Crown Inn at Marlborough was reached in time for breakfast, the Bear Inn, at Devizes, for dinner, and the White Hart, Bath, at night. — From "A Step to the Bath, 1700/' THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 49 gate, usually called the Town Gate, passing in Walcot Street a terraced house, which, I believe, was Walcot Manor house, where now stands the Penitentiary. After passing the Manor house a few paces, Carnwell or Lady well, with its tower and cross, would be on his right ; and following the banks of the river, he would see on his left the malt-houses, the tanneries and the weaving shops of the broad cloth (there were 70 looms), Cadiz, Galloon and flannel, known as Bath Coating. Remnants of the buildings still exist. The Corn Market of the present time was the Cavalry Barracks, but there is no record of troops occupying them at the time of our visit, 1675. Fronting the North Gate, was St. Michael's Conduit. " Four Ionic columns at the angles supported a cornice and entablature and dome, surmounted by a central pedestal crowned with an hour glass." This Conduit a few years after our visit formed part of a scene famous in local history. Under St. Michael's Church was a tailor's shop. The family who kept it were for three hundred years Bath citizens of repute. A descendant directs at a Government office in Pall Mall. The sign of the lay rector of (Bath) Hampton, Fisher, faced the Conduit a few doors eastward of where his descendant at present carries on a business, not however that of his ancestor. 5t igggggfiBii? SS* w ,-,s- -■ '< m -- p ,•,%■■■■*-'■ '"'*' I H /r '■'• 50 THE HOT MINERAL ISATHS OF HATH. Over the North Gate was the " Picture of King Bladud," periodically painted at a charge of 7s. to the City, and beneath the gate was a dungeon. There were quarters for soldiers in the gateway and an armoury. I find under the year 1662 a payment of ^29 19s. 6d. for 16 muskets, 12 pikes and 16" swords, whilst in 1669 there is a credit of j£$ for the sale of old armour. Soldiers were maintained in this gateway and in Gascoign's Tower. The militia were mustered and drilled in the Kingsmead. On entering the gateway the distinguished visitor would be welcomed by the ringing of the City church bells, for which he would be charged £1 ; and the Mayor, Mr. John Bush, would purchase of Mr. Berkeley Came for the sum of £2 3s. 6d. wine and a sugar-lofe for presentation to the visitor and lady. On his arrival in the City the visitor would find the streets all paved (paving stones being only 6d. a load), although in the City of London cobbles or "Guernsey pebbles" were the only paving till as late as 1765. The High Street was a larger area than at present. The Market was held in it, but the Fairs, of which there were three, were held in the suburbs.* • One Fair was held on St. Calixtus Day, and was a very important one. Under date 50th King Edward III. in " Prynne's Records in the Tower of London" I find the following: — "The inhabitants of Bath complain that THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 51 Within the Gate was another Conduit, dedicated to St. Mary, handsomer than the last. On the Coronation of King Charles II., fourteen years before, this fountain ran with claret ; large bonfires were burnt in front of it ; the bells rang, the Mayor went to Church in procession, and the day was given up to festivity.* Beyond the Conduit, in the centre of the High Street, the visitor would come to the Guildhall, designed, according to Wood, by Inigo Jones (whose mother was a "Wife of Bath)," and built, according to the city records, during the years 1626, 1627 and 1628. It was an arcaded building, six arches on the east and west, and two on the north and south, supporting the justice rooms, where the Court of Record, I believe, was held whereas they had a fair there at the Feast of St. Calixte (or St Kalixtus the Pope), the Town of Bristol being but ten miles from there, have raised a Fair at Bristol the same day, and forbidding all their Townsmen upon pains to bring any ware to the same Fair of Bath, whereof they pray remedy. — Taken before the Council." * Fireworks at the Coronation Bonfires 3 Hhd. of Beare given to the Souldiers and the Maids Tobacco, bread & cheese for Souldiers Do. do. to the Ringers Thomas Guffin's boy for playing before the Maids... Thomas Quilby for Gilding Powder Wine 52 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF HATH. as well as ordinary magisterial business, and where the County Assizes took place in the years 1660 and 1661, after Crowned-Heads and His Highness the Protector had been petitioned in vain to remove them to Bath. The Mayor's entertainments, at the cost of the City, were not held ^ &)&> at tne Hall, but at the Bear or the Hart. Dinner and wine for the whole Corporation costs £$ lis. 6d., Canairi wine being 4s. a bottle, Sack 4s., a hhd. of Beare iSs. 4d., and ^jQjas partridges is. 8d. a brace — the venison being presented by *S ^ H* the Lord Berkeley or Mr. Popham. Dramatic performances ® «u w were occasionally held in the Guildhall. In 1673 is a pay- jsi %iW ment of is. to the Plavers at the Towne Hall.* (§> M p» The visitor would find a tolerably substantial row of <$J&>R> houses, including the old " Counsell House,' completed ^ $ i& l $69, on the east of the High Street, the Free School, in the ^ S *& nave of St. Mary's Church (the master of the school being £■ «y ^ then in receipt of £20 a year), and the City Gaol in the d§ ^ ® Tower, the gaoler of which was paid by the prisoners, an ® 5^ »> performances. In the Chamber Roll of expenses for 1567 — ' Given to the Erie .gi »^j ». of Bathes [Bouchier, C.E.D.] Players, viu. iii 54 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 0mA ~~~ «$V^£'<2> tne owners of which were not always the most loyal '0'A&0 subjects. :^;\/ ; \Xi Hostclries there were many in the City. There were S&i^Wn %$Wj&t": t ^-'<^> or Loyal s 'S ns > there were the Badges of the Red and §§[|P|§]if White Rose, the Castle of Edward II., the Falcon ^■ru/^vOi an d Fleur de Lys of his successor, the Sun and the SowKwS* Hart of Richard II. (the latter equally with Edward ; 'iv*&'^ IV.), the Black Swan, previously mentioned, of Henry WiWmM IV -» the Chained Swan in Cheap Street, of Henry V., ^§W§J|| the White Greyhound and Cock of Henry VIII., the ^W§M\M Falcon of Elizabeth, the Unicorn of James, and the Rose x$>Afry : <3> an d Thistle of Charles, and lastly the Bear, the Portcullis rfV>Js^S€j^ and the Talbot badges of neighbouring families. ^ : /A\''c> * n addition to these there were lodgings at Mr. Charles .<3>}Vw:<0>' Bave's, in Bimbury, at Dr. Somershall's (then preparing a i^S0&£<3| work on the Bath Waters) at the Hot Bath, at "Mr. MW00, mmm <^^%$&$M <3> 000 00000000000 T&'®fZ>' S^'"*? wsvK)^ 1 SNlfcgvwsug^g) 3 .'{. »?? «e»^i •3s' THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 55 &~r£eS V§V

    :V-/<3> book). As I fear his house was not the best conducted, .v r^V" ~Jv£-<£- Chapman family, a John Chapman as early as 155 1 <3> 7 A T ~'j5( having been the landlord, and a widow, Joan Chapman, :- i /fli\r| being the hostess in 1614. I think the host in 1675 was <0>"i\/ iyg. the Mr. Henry Chapman who also rented the Westgate ^'r^r^ House; in fact, he was also Captain of the Trained Band.* s&2wSstew« In addition to the lodgings at the Baths, George Chapman iv-\/,c5 kept the Beare at "ye corner of Cheape Street," and ^-~7v~<3>» Nathaniel the White Horse. :&Y^1&.; The White Hart stood where the Pump Room Hotel y^ -\/ : '§? • Author of " Therm.x Redivivae, 1673," and the Captain Chapman who jC/x-^^ imprisoned the Councillors, 1661, and whom we have frequently referred to. tfV*/: Wood, the architect, seventy years later than our >Y@ visit, tells us that there were Sergeants to preside over the Bath,* "who bear the rank of gentlemen," Cloth- women t' : --far.. S^"'' anc * Bath Guides, the " rewards being honorary." " The h;..-^:'-.' Cloth-women attend and assist bathers; the Guides !..V^/*ffJ supply linen and accompany them into the Bath."f After f^Cr ^^ '4 tne Bath t ^ le v i s i tors would be wrapped in flannel, placed tv T'H'y' '■'-'■% * n a Sedan chair and taken home, where they would have |; V^.^f<-;| to dress, there being no room in the Baths, unless a room & 'V^vil was en o a g e d m one of the lodgings adjoining the Bath. to.- '*■' •"•■'• : ..ji)a The City of Bath and the suburbs, at the time of our ipV^ ifv -'4 visit, occupied an area of 50 acres. Wood, the architect, ^ ; fj\\\ whose description was largely made use of by Lord P§lill?ili * They were Sergeants of the Mace ("qualified attornies "), and some years later their appointment exceeded £ ioo in value each. t Pepys says — so " Home with my wife, and did pay my guides, two women, 5s. ; one man, 2s. 6d. ; poor, 6d. ; woman, to lay my foot cloth, is." The guides (8 men and S women) were first appointed to the King's Bath in 1616. In a copy of Dr. Peirce's book, lent me by Mr. Lewis, of The Bath Herald, are some MS. notes at the end, under date 1696 — "Canvass waist- coate and drawers (for bathing in), 6s. ; Flannel, | of a yard, is. 6d. ; Buttons, is. ; Making, 3s. ; Sergeant of the Bath, 5s. ; Chairman, 18 times, 10s. ; Nurse Tanner, 7s. 6d. ; Guide, 7s. 6d. ; Foot Cloth Women, 2s. 6d. ; Poor, 2s. 6d." A portion of this note I have quoted in a note in page 48. r??»".?.**?f'^ J 6111 61 611 61 666666 666 616111 u,;i..i..; .,■ THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 59 9... ? ... ? »« f ,._?,»•; 9 «", ? ». ? ». ? »-. ? »- .«.« a »» 9 »»«,»» *.-«»■> ?.*^ ?*"?**??* ""$.'-■■".". ' '-"'• I" <£>£>;» Macaulay in his history, speaks in most disparaging terms of the streets, the houses, and the lodgings ; but unfortunately Wood,* in his anxiety to show what benefits the city had gained from his skill, very much exaggerated the real state of the case. One instance of exaggeration is sufficient to prove this. He says, " there was scarcely a sash window in this city, and that the wainscoat panelling was never painted." In these days we may pardon the want of paint to the oak, but as to sash windows there are twenty or thirty houses within the city walls still remaining that were built several years before Wood's advent, of very considerable architectural ♦ Wood says that in 1644 (.thirty-one years previous to our visitor entering Bath) "all kinds of disorders were grown to their highest pitch in Bath ; insomuch that the streets and public ways of the City were become like so many dung-hills, slaughter-houses, and pig-styes ; for soil of all sorts and even carrion was cast and laid in the streets, and the pigs turned out by day to feed and rout among it. Butchers killed and dressed their cattle at their own doors ; people washed every kind of thing they had to make clean at the common Conduit in the open street ; and nothing was more common than small racks and mangers at almost every door for the baiting of horses. The Baths were like so many Bear Gardens, and modesty was entirely shut out of them. People of both sexes bathed by day and night naked ; and dogs, cats, pigs f and even human creatures were hurled over the rails into the water whilst people were bathing in it." 6l6^6666ll6lll6"666l6166'6l':^.^ style, with large windows, that is to say, not mullioncd ; and in a few there arc still the oak sashes, dating as far back as 1700 to 17 10. The supply of spring water was ample, and the scavengcring in advance of the age ; even as far back as 161 j, 1614, and 1615* the city was cleansed and bye-laws were made for its complete- ness, and still further amended and improved 30 years later. M * 1613. — It is also ordered that the Bedell and every Tithing man, within his Tythinge, doe weekely survey the condon annoyance &s casting of soile over the Towne walls, and every Munday present the same to the Towne Clarke to be signified in Court that the offenders may be punished. 1614. — It is ordered that a Scavenger shall be appointed, and that the rule now agreed upon shall stand. And that Collectors shall be chosen in every Tythinge. That every man doe bring or send his dust to be brought to the Scavenger's Cart, upon warning ordinarily given, in some Vessell to be emptied into the said cart. And if any doe refuse to collect the said Rent that he be imprisoned, and a payne upon them that doe not pay the Rate towards the Scavenger. 161 5. — It is ordered that in every Tythinge one man shall be appointed at Michaelmas yearly for the Collection of the Scavenger's wages quarterly, to continue for one year together, and those men to be chosen by the house. And for this present yeare, Mr. Maior, for Westgate Streate ; John Palmer, within the Gate, for Northgate Streate ; William Stevens, for Stalls Streate ; Simon Benion, for Chepe Streate ; Robert Richardson, for Binbury Tythinge. And it is further ordered that if any doe refuse to paie the rates sett downe they shal be forthwitth committed to Prison, there to remain untill they have paid the same. 1 A ,vj. A; kJ } Y * THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 61 Coal fires, considered a luxury in 1675 elsewhere, had long been common in Bath. The Corporation had " Cole- works " in Hallatrow and in Taulton, worked under their license by Mr. Fisher, Mr. Francis Jones, and Dr. and Mr. Bave for 34 years, and by others for upwards of a hundred years.* The streets were doubtless narrow, and not publicly lighted until 1702,-f- but the Corporation had fortunately the control of more than three-fifths of the city, the Charity property, and their own ; and on granting new leases, which were renewed at very short intervals, they had already commenced compelling their tenants to set back the fronts of their houses. For the visitors there were ample opportunities of amusement. A London Newspaper {The Naves Letter), to be seen at all times at the residence of the Mayor, was taken at the charge of the Corporation. We may smile at * Under Corporation payments for 1587 — " Paid for ix. sacke of cole for the almes folk, vis. viiii/." Is! film + "Agreed- that 10 various lights shall be setup in the City, to be paid for by a Poor Rate." — Council Book. K/ - !V Wo',' '0 W0W0M'0'0- <$> <& $ Kr ® < • <> -- ■■ > <2>W0- <£ <:- ■ :-"> p 'fr & . & &^*&i&&&&£ .^^SSlS> SSSlSlfc 62 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF HATH. such an arrangement at the present time, but probably one would have had to travel to Bristol to gain access to another.* The Royal Game of Tennis could be enjoyed in the Tennis Court, one of the entrances to which was from the Queen's Bath ; there were a large Racquet and a Fives Court immediately without the West Gate ; there were Butts in the Town Acre, now Milsom Street ; there was the Game of Bowles in the new Bowling Greens, and also where is now Mr. Peach's shop at the Exchange, and at Dr. Peirce's ; there was fishing in the River and in the Moat, in the Ham Gardens ; there was also a Cock Pit (near where the pound is in the Saw Close), and a Bull Ring. Society has very properly condemned these two latter forms of amusement ; but if our ancestors were cruel they were more considerate than we are on one point. There was a Hot Bath for cattle, fed by the surplus water of the King's Bath. There might be one now, as there is ample water to spare. From the "Gravel Walk," afterwards called the Orange Grove, the visitor would enjoy a fine view of the • Feb. 1672-3 — " Agreed by generall consent that five-and-twenty shillings shall be quarterly paid for a Ntzues Letter to be sent to the Mayor of this City for the tyme being, & to remayne at his house for the publique view of this Corporation, the first quarter beginning from the sixth day of the present February." — Council Book. THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 63 valley eastward, in which the hamlet of Bathwick would occupy a small area, and in the distance he would see the Village of Batheaston, then called Easton, with its weaving shops and " cloth-laicrs." The embrasures of the City wall at this part had been only recently removed, and an open palisade substituted to give a freer prospect. Immediately beneath the walls was the mill known as Monk's Mill, used for fulling cloth of the weavers of the City and of Walcot without the walls, as it had been formerly used for fulling the cloth of the Benedictines. The Town Clock up to 1635 was in the tower of Stalls Church at the corner of Chepe Street, opposite the " Beare corner," and this, as well as the one at the King's Bath, and a third in the Gable of St. John's Hospital, was paid for and maintained at the charges of the Corporation. Nineteen years before our visitor came to Bath the ruined Church of Stalls had been ordered to be taken down, and the materials employed on the reparation of St Peter's. St. Michael's Chapel at the north end of the Cross Bath was occupied as a house ; St. Mary's Church, near the North Gate, had no longer any religious service within its walls. St. James's, at the South .Gate (the tower of which, somewhat similar to that of Widcombe, was not removed until about 1850), and the Cathedral were practically the only churches within the walls. At the Cathedral, or as it is called the Abbey, <3>< <3f j 6 4 Till. HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. the Rector, the Rev. Joseph Glanvill, Chaplain to the King, assisted by Master Nat. Masters, or at times by a preacher paid for by the Corporation, might be heard daily throughout the year. The organist's salary, and £\n towards the choir, were given by the same body a few years later, if not in 1675 ; and previous to this date a regular salary was paid to the "ordinary." This Church was not crowded up with houses, except at one or two points. The Abbey House on the south was complete; there was a small house on the corresponding side to the north ; there were also houses against the north transept ; and, as far as I can gather, there was a small bui'ding beneath the east window used as a charnel house. The continuous row of houses that clustered all round the Abbey, with the exception of the west and east doors, were not built till subsequently to this date. A few names well known in Bath at the present time, with a number of others altogether lost, the visitor would find borne by the industrious citizens ; Vintners, Dyers, Clothiers, Weavers, Spinners, Scriveners, Lawyers and the ordinary tradesmen. There was Edward White, William Child, Henry Parker, a Gibbes, a Bush, a Field, a Davis, a Sayce, a Biggs, a Stone, a Bright, a Horton, a Butler, a Bave, an Allen, and an Abbot ; whilst the famous names of THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 65 Sherstone, Prynne, Masters, Baber, Chapman, and Collibee, which he would find, are no longer to be met with * Towards the end of the iSth century there was a great accession of new names from the adjoining towns and villages. Those that mostly rule now came amongst us then or during the following 50 years, and are, as it were, foreigners to the soil ; while many worthy names of the last century, such as Horlock, Moyzey, Parry, Purlewent, Phillott, Lowder, Clarke, Coward and Pickwick, which were first seen then, are barely remembered. Having enumerated a few of the persons with whom our visitor would necessarily be brought into contact in the ordinary affairs of life, it would not perhaps be tedious if mention were made of those with whom we may conclude he would associate. In this year, 1675, distinctions of class were less defined than they were subsequently, but far less in Bath than they were in London. A doctor, a de- scendant of the Hungerfords, and several University men kept lodging houses. A widow, daughter of Sir Hugh Speke, a relative of the member for Bath, kept a lodging, if not a wine shop. There were Nevilles, who canvassed the Corporation for the Recordership with its stipend of £2 a * Had our visitor come to Bath 40 years earlier he might have been attended by the then physician of note, Dr. Thomas Elton (buried in the Abbey), a member of a Herefordshire family, who have settled in Somerset, of which there are now two Baronets, one of whom was M. P. for the City. 91 B Me year. The Town Clerk kept order in the Bath, and the attorneys received gratuities from the bathers and carried the maces before the Mayor. A Lord Berkeley, a Bishop of the Diocese, or a Marquis of Worcester, and on one occasion Sir Walter Raleigh, would accept of the Mayor a dozen of wine or a " loafe of shugar." The best families of the neighbourhood made much of the town visitor. He would meet with, among others, the Hungerfords of Farleigh, of Corsham, and of Wellow ; the Longs of Wraxall, of Whaddon and of Draycot; the Langtons of Newton, of Cold Ashton, of Bristol and of South Somerset ; the Nevilles, the Haringtons, the Flowers of Saltford, the Brydges of Keynsham, the Watsons of Farleigh, the Blanchards of St. Catherine, the Bampfieldes of Hardington, the J arrets of Trent in Somerset, the Howards of Thornbury, the Methuens of Beckington, the Waldegraves, the Strodes, the Hippisleys, the Wyndhams, the Hartleys, the Whittingtons, the Blathwayts of Dyrham, Sir Halswell Tynte, the Sambournes, the Powletts, Roger Boyle Earl of Orrery, the Thynnes of Longleat, Lord Francis Hawley of Bathford and Bath, and Poyntz of Iron Acton. If he had come in August of this year, he would have seen the helpless Mistress Elizabeth Waller, daughter of the General, whose wife's tomb is in the Abbey ; or if he had arrived seven years earlier, he might have welcomed the """.•"„-:•■;:•:"•;•'„•'::'. ';'"-:":'-:";:r-:-'-;;™".:":"^';":"';'"":T":-":""; ":"':": ■""'.' :r:\::":":'Z"i"i ?;":"."": ;; :: :r:;i':;":z 8 ^Sto.'::;:;.::..:..c.,:-..c..:..:..:.;':„:^.;;.:^?:^Sa.:r..:.:*.. ".:?..?::„;. ..:..:.. ;.:r;.:..:..:..:..".^.;:'.:..:;::?;:::::.^:.x".v ; ^?^';i :->&«-'■',-. THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 67 SlsfS^ : S§p| Duke of Monmouth, when the church bells were rung at if §fe>3 the cost of 2s. 6d. to that City, which ten years later paid S£j?!<- Jagg 9s. for the wcod for the breast-work in the Ham Gardens, 5|ll§§ to resist his entrance, when the cost of the Militia, S^ei amounting to £86 8s. 6d., was paid by the Chamber. ;-?SlS r 'i Having, I fear, tired the reader, may I still be permitted g jjfisj £ \ "-'*y "- to takethe visitor round the City Walls,* at this time complete ;•] §§&'• ; in every respect? There were four Gates, three of which, p&sS 1 ?; north, south and west, had drawbridges.! The Ham Gate, closed in 1643, had not been opened.j The North Gate consisted of three arches, the centre 10 feet wide, the others 5 feet 6 inches. From the battlements§ eastward the visitor * Note in Appendix. t April, 1645 The Govemer It is ordered that a drawbridge at the charges ... of this Citty shall be made at the West Gate to the end, the saide Gates may be opened and left opened for the .... and use of the said Cittie, and that the charges of doing the same shall be collected and . . by a . . rate. {Fart illegible.) X Nov. 20, 1643. — It is agreed that all the doores which are made in the Cittie Wall be darned upp and taken away, and the Hame Gate to be also darned up and also a Tume puke to be sette upp at the West Gate, or else the said Gate to be walled upp, and alsoe sufficient Churts of Gaurdes, to be fl§l§s8 made at such places as the govemer shall appoint ; and whereas the govemer : ! ;Ss^ ' • doe desire to be furnished with linnen for the Board and Bed for this yeare 3S§§8 following, it is agreed that if x-li or under will satisfie him that then it shall be i .; §2?S; ,*, • given him by the Chamber. : -? jg??*;' \ '■ § "The. Wall is in compass not a full English Mile, and were the City not i Xi^i^,\'- in such a bottom, and so over-topped by Neighbouring Hills, by the Opinion H&J&iV- iM&$ *ffi'i?.ffi"&P 0?e000 90Q0e0000 000e 000090Q000'C THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 7 1 opposite Vicarage Lane, where Warner mentions that most massive buildings were destroyed during excavations made in his time. The Roman Walls apparently continued on the same line to the west as the Walls, the circuit of which our visitor is now pursuing, with a Tower, now Gascoigne's Tower, still occasionally used as barracks or temporary quarters for prisoners at the north-west angle. Before reaching the West Gate, on the right, beneath the Walls, was the Fives Court, and I am afraid to say a " Town Mixen " as well. As a building the West Gate was the handsomest Gate of the City, although the archway itself was only 10 feet 8 inches wide. It was still occasionally a Royal residence.* The street leading to the West Gate, from the High Street, contained, as it still does, the handsomest houses within the City Walls. There were the lodgings of Alderman Baber, at this time Chamberlain (more properly in Chepe Street), of Councillors Hayward, Hicks, and Stubbs. Continuing again with the Walls, our visitor would pass on the left St. John's Hospital and Mr. Savil's lodgings, now known as Hetling House from having been occupied in the iSth century by a Mr. Ernest Hetling.f Opposite Hetling House Historic Houses in Bath by R. E. Peach, 1882. + The Pillars with ihe globes at the top that were condemned as a nuisance in 1881, and only saved by earnest advocacy, were standing in 1675 ; these are »i 72 THE MOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. was a gateway through the Walls, a Barbican, then closed up, but visible a few years since when an alteration was being made to a house in Westgate Buildings ; a wall and ditch at this point were continued to the River, and included, as a sort of outer Bailey to the City, a district called the Ambury, where was a Tenter Ground. Outside tin's Wall was Little Kingsmead, the land now Milk and Avon Street, with Great Kingsmead further west where the Militia were drilled, and where at one time the Freemen claimed right of common. To the north of these meads was the road from the West Gate to Bristol, leading across Kelston Manor, where the chimneys of the House of the Haringtons could shown in Gilmore's Map, and TIetling House was, I believe, the residence of a Mr. Savil even a century earlier, although the Savils did not come into actual possession until it was given to the widow by Robert Sutton, second Lord Lexington in 1694. The Hungerfords have always been the reputed original owners, but I think they could not have been there in 1576, or the payment of " xiiiid for a bottle of wine given to Sir Walter Hungerford's son'' by the Corporation would not have occurred in the records, as such gifts were only customary to visitors from a distauce. Iletling House is a building of various dates. The principal portion appears to be of the time of Henry VII., with additions in the reigns of Elizabeth and James as well as more recent ones. The foundations are far older, and appear to have formed a part of the original hospital for lepers, founded in 1138 by Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells. Early Norman arches are still existing in the massive walls, but of a ruder character than the fragments of John de Villula's earlier work still visible at the eastern end of the Abbey Church, or the fragments found over the Great Roman Bath. t^&^W&i&i WWWWM scarcely be seen in the distance. The Barton Farm was to the north of this road, occupying the area of the Crescent and St. James's Square, which had been partially enclosed by permission of the Corporation, and finally separated from the Freemen's Common by Sir Nicholas Hyde's award, 1619. Beyond this, westward, was the Commons' Farm, with the Commons' House, altogether unenclosed until the commencement of the third quarter of the 18th century. This last farm, being the property of the Corporation, as trustees of the Freemen, was let at the time of our visitor for the term of three years to Mr. John Masters, for the rent of three hundred and thirty pounds, he maintaining the City ox, plough, and the ploughman, Henry England.* Running directly across these Commons was the "road leading from Walcot to Weston," originally the Roman Road to Caerleon ; "the fabled Carduel of Arthur, whose glittering domes and stately buildings were recorded and admired even by the historian of Henry II."f Looking from the rampart towards the south west, In 1651 the farm was let at " .£110 per annum, 4 oxen and a plough to be kept, for the use of citizens, as draft for stone," &c. The plough was kept for public use until 1708, when it was ordered by the Council to be sold. f The Earl of Carnarvon's Address as President (i860) of the British Archaeological Association. ', ■ -- t, ■ . -• n ■', • .- :. ,-, -•■ n I 74 THE HUT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. within view were the Cloth Mills of Twerton,* and the Brass Mill, to which the "Calamine" from the Mendip was carried on packs of donkeys within memory, and in the distance beyond were the woods of Newton Castle, till recently the residence of Lord Abergavenny, but at this time of Mr. Joseph Langton, who also had a residence in Chepe Street, and was elected M.P. for Bath in 1690. Following the walls towards the North Gate, from the Barbican, on the left was Bimbury, where Dr. Bavef lived until his death in 1668, and where his son Charles still lived. A Dr. Bave, Mayor of Bath, in 1729, built on this site a very fine house, which was taken down in 1864 to make room for greater usefulness. The additions to the United Hospital have benefited the sick poor of the city, but its architecture has suffered. The narrow South Gate reached, a view would be afforded of Southgate Street. Only one house, the New Inn, remains of the straggling suburb. The Bridge crossing the River had a Tower and Gate, St. Lawrence's Gate, at the southern end and another near the centre. The Gates were last repaired * Worked at this time or shortly after by Mr. Spering, succeeded by Heaven, Lockston, and, at the present time, by Messrs. Carr. t Dr. Bave is mentioned in the highest terms as a Physician of eminence by Guidott. He was born in 158S, and was lessee of "Cole Works," paying the Corporation, annually, 6s. 8d. for a license. His family have held the highest position in the town, and his name is still borne by a descendant in Green Street. in 1733. Figures of a Lion and a Bear had formerly- adorned the Bridge, but they had been destroyed. Two years after our visit they were re-erected by Mr. H. Pitcher, carver, of Southgate Street, for which he was presented with the Freedom of the City.* The River Avon was only partly navigable, petitions had been sent to Kings and also to the Protector to assist the City in making it completely so, and the rent of the Common had been at times appro- priated to the expenses.-f" * Mr. John Titcher, " The mason that performed the freestone work " of the Granville Monument on Lansdown, erected 1720, under the orders of Granville, Lord Lansdowne, may have been his son. Wood says : His Lordship "amused" the contractors by never paying for it. The Lion and the Bear, on the Bridge were knocked down into the river, in the year 1759- t A scheme was propounded in the reign of Elizabeth, and supported by the City of London, for uniting the Avon and the Thames. The Protector, Cromwell, afterwards offered to join in the undertaking, promising a contribution of ^3°iO°°- This was proposed to be by way of Cricklade and Malmesbury, and computed to cost ,£60,000. Charles II. encouraged the idea, and a bill was passed through the Commons under the patronage of the Duke of Albemarle, Lords Lindsey, Pembroke, and Clarendon, but withdrawn in the House of Lords. An attempt was then made under a patent from the King. In 1711 the Duke of Beaufort procured an Act of Parliament, at his own expense, for making the river navigable from Bath to Hanham Mills, but the undertaking was not carried out until a subscription was raised in 1724. The first occasion of a barge delivering timber at the Bath Bridge was December 15, 1727, the Corporation granting a lease for 99 years, at a rental of 2s., of their rights of the River and of the tallage, which then amounted, I think, to 2d. a ton for goods deposited on the Quay. The Quay at that time was on both sides the north end of the Bridge, and subsequently was on both sides of the River below the weir. In November, 1810, the Canal was opened connecting the Avon, the Rennet, and the Thames. 76 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. \ ,*. A «k ^k. Jk. A. ^h. ^K A *k. A' Jfi Ji. id. *». ^fc. ^n /W A jfc. «*, *». dhi J <^ A jfc. ^v .* L 4I> 4K JH '»• 4G -* fc. .A. -"- > & \iyrxi?jrs s s yyyy / / / / s s s s s ss s s / s / s / / i v mmM&*mmmM4M<$*M^i r v>7*7>7*7v 7*7+7+7+7*7*7*7+) INf ®«^C«) Ilolloway, above the Bridge, contains many buildings &] *^v9) which are despised, but none the less picturesque, that our ^i sTifc^ visitor may have seen in 1675. A cloth fair was held here @,^K5> annually, on May 2 and 3, dwindling down, until recently, S« f^»|S into a solitary ginger beer and nut stall. The Church S5> of St. James appears to have been built on the Walls of the City, so we cannot continue our walk without @ descending, until we approach the site of Ham Gate, now tfEl^R 1 closed up, from which our visitor can look down into the ^Nl? Horse Bath, which received the overflow of the Hot ® «fcj W Springs, and into a canal, rather than ditch, that took off the a* rSKN tfSSr^lw flood waters of the Avon, in a direct line across the Ham ® K &> Gardens, thus hastening its flow. A tolerably correct idea (&l %) K* °^ tms cana ^ ' s g' vcn m the map of the City, now in the *?S \' IS British Museum, drawn by a Frenchman, I should say ^BJ ^ K> about the year 1600, and not 50 years later, as assumed by ^ y Bjv Mr. Harold Lewis in his excellent paper on the City Walls. <^K'I^ The Ham Gardens would be to the right, and the space called Abbey Green with the Abbey Gate, the hinges of which are still to be seen, would be to the left. ^ ns R> Facing this Gate were at this time some very handsome ^|fcj|js timber houses of the date of the later years of the m M W monastery, one being, I believe, the Talbot. These were removed about 30 years since. 181 Tl ■ : ■'- -I- ■ I' ?, r: " 5, S 7, V, 7 « W S 7> % T' 7 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 77 Following the Walls from Ham Gate, our visitor would look into the gardens of the Abbey House of Dr. Pcirce, and the Abbey Orchard, on the right below the Ramparts. At this point 34 years after our visit the first Assembly Rooms were built, and upon their enlargement, about 30 years still later, the Corporation maintained with success a suit on the plea that the building obstructed the City Walls. The Corporation, however, considering the visitors of the City would be benefited by the building, abandoned their rights, and permitted it to remain. From the Rampart a beautiful view of the Prior's Park would be afforded. The former Prior's house stood where the lake now is, and the Park walls in part still exist in the field in which the monument erected to the memory of Bishop Warburton's great literary work now stands. Claverton and Combe Down, then entirely devoid of trees above the Park, were leased of William Skrine, Esq., by the Corporation 50 years later for a term of 2 1 years, in order that visitors to Bath might have the advantages of its rides. A few paces further on the City Walls lead to St. Peter's Gate, at the south-eastern corner of the present Orange Grove. The circuit of the walls being completed, I should mention that at the time of which we are speaking their maintenance was a constant care of the Corporation. From ^/sA^. 78 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. &W7M r\> \ / ' -V ■^ j; :}0y J i time to time, in their records, as the iSth century pro- .VO>": : /i\- <0> v gressed, applications were received to build in the ditch <£ .YyV: <>> which surrounded it. Trim Bridge was formed on suffcr- .v,. ■- .Yr'.-"; S»i ancc through the walls, and the lease renewed from time ; rt ■'■'/\ ■'«- to time. In Mr. Harold Lewis's paper previously referred O ' YY^iv' to ' s a S 00< ^ account of the removal of the gates, and \^/ : <$| of the City were still nightly closed and a watch set. <3> /-V / I have given a slight sketch of Bath in 1675. Unfor- w7/\ : ,C* tunately it is necessarily only a sketch, as the materials I ;vv '\^/:.J cannot fail, however imperfectly done, to be interesting to w\Sp}Sn| many who seek our healing springs, as well as to those who <£> •_S//~0 from selection, association, or other circumstances, live in ff^'r w, the City of Bladud or his principality. ■'- f\j \t\ 1 Lit ra 4* ra . .. The Royal Private Baths, which have just been re- '&"^$F/\^&f& I S ■ \ ' f ■ w* The prices were as follow: — "1/6 public bath, 3/- '$?} '■ : ( 2\ private, 3/- vapour, 6d. 10c strokes in douche, 3d. same in 1 -T/V-. ; public bath." Iwl Considerable additions were made to these Baths in l^'^fe.® 1829 under the superintendancc of Decimus Burton, the ix? T^ 1 •&? architect, only lately deceased, of the Triumphal entrance V^VKP/iS into Hyde Park, and the archway just removed from Con- '•<£>-$/ ~<3>' stitution Hill. l^r^V^'Jo?': The Colonade and screen wall of the Cross Bath wtre i- '/fNY*. designed by Mr. Palmer, and built 1797. .i?>- y -'.<0>* The New Baths, adjoining the Grand Pump Room Wi^fif^Wi Hotel, were built by Messrs. Wilson and Wilcox, in 1870. f»'d&i.**& . . . :.\T/^' Important enlargements are in contemplation according to