“BUCKEYE CRAY SANDSTONE FILE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE ADDITIONS WILL BE MAILED FROM TIME TO TIME WHICH CAN BE ATTACHED TO THE INSIDE BACK COVER CITIZENS BUILDING CLEVELAND , x\ \\ ft . i ft & ,r v j)' 6 v )>. j Ip , . ftjyo.jbu5)f; V Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Columbia University Libraries https://archive.org/details/buckeyegraysandsOOohio BUCKEYE GRAY SANDSTONE COPYRIGHT 1 921 The Ohio Quarries Company Citizens Building CLEVELAND BUCKEYE QUARRY IS ONE OF THE LARGEST QUARRIES IN THE WORLD. OVER 1.600 FT. IN LENGTH. 400 FT. IN WIDTH. STONE HAS BEEN TAKEN OUT TO A DEPTH OF 212 FEET. FOREWORD (W R object in issuing these pages is not only to acquaint the architect with the relative merits of “ Buckeye Gray ’ ’ Stone and briefly state a few sugges- tions which will insure good stone work , but to explain and simplify its use. The ©hi® Quaikikiis ©©mpahy CITIZENS BUILDING CLEVELAND, O. THE OHIO QUARRIES COMPANY CLEVELAND “Buckeye Gray” Stone Composition, etc. STRUCTURE “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone is what is geologically known as a silicious sandstone, analyzing approximately 95% pure silica, and should not be confused with other classifications ol sandstone, the cementing qualities of which are carbonate of lime, iron oxide or clayey matter. It is the presence of a large percentage of silica in the rock which gives it wonderful enduring qualities. COLOR AND TEXTURE “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone is of a distinctive shade of rich light gray, with natural variations in tone. If desired, stone can be selected of an almost uniform shade. It is of a fine and even texture, and does not contain flint streaks, holes, glass seams or other such imperfections. STRENGTH “Buckeye Gray’’ Sandstone has withstood a crushing strength of 10,000 pounds per square inch, the average crushing strength being approximately 7,500 pounds per square inch. If this stone was piled as high as the Washington Monument (555 ft. 5 in.), there would be a pressure at the bottom of but 579 pounds per square inch. FIRE RESISTANCE “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone is the most perfect stone on the market in this respect. The mere statement of fact that thousands of tons of it is used annually by steel companies for lining their furnaces to protect them from the intense heat verifies this assertion. DURABILITY The excellent appearance of the stonework in many old buildings in the City of Cleveland and vicinity having been subjected for a period of over 65 years to adverse cli- matic conditions and severe atmospheric tests without a sign of disintegration appearing, illus- trates the fact that nature has endowed “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone with wonderful element resisting qualities. The original tool marks of the stonecutters’ tools are as clean cut and sound today as when the stone was first set in the wall. Many old buildings having outlived their usefulness have been torn down, the stone moved to a new location, recut and used a second time, which is another proof that the stone is durable beyond question. The severest test that can be applied to stone to determine its durability is where it is used for street curbing, as it is constantly subjected to the moisture from the soil and pavement, and to soil acids, and during the winter months to a continuous freezing and thawing process. THE OHIO OUARRIES COM RAN} CLEVELAND Curbing made of this material has been in place over 45 years on certain heavy traffic streets in the City of Cleveland, during which time the road surface has been renewed three times, but the original curbing is still in place, unaffected by the elements working against it. “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone has never been known to scale or disintegrate. WEIGHT “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone weighs approximately 150 pounds per cubic foot when cut ready to set. Explanations and Suggestions The intention of the following clauses and notes is to act as a reminder and reference when writing specifications for “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone and to call attention to certain methods and materials that will insure a good job of stonework. It is hoped that they will be of some service to the architect, even though additions, omissions and changes have to be made to meet the requirements of each individual job. The business of The Ohio Quarries Company is to furnish “Buckeye Gray” Sand- stone to the cut stone contractors in its unfinished state. The cut stone contractor cuts and finishes the stone ready to set in the wall and delivers it f. o. b. cars destination or at the build- ing site, as agreed upon between the contractor and sub-contractor. It is customary for the mason or general contractor to haul and set the stone, but usually the cut stone contractor will furnish a bid for the stone set in the wall, if the architect deems it practical or advisable to take such a bid. With respect to the arrangement and form of these clauses: While they might appear as an attempt to imitate the specification writer’s work, it was thought that the scheme used is the most convenient, as it possesses the advantage of taking up separately each part of the work, making it easy to refer to and quickly find the information on any particular item, which would not be the case if the whole subject was covered in one long text. These clauses are written as if addressed by the architect to the contractor having a direct contract with the owner. Note — To obtain low and uniform estimates , avoid uncertainties. A reliable contractor cannot afford to take chances on the amount of labor and material he will be required to furnish. When the drawings and specifications do not give definite information, he will usually figure safely, as each job is expected to give a fair profit and be a credit to him. THE OHIO QUARRIES COMPANY CLEVELAND Reference Clauses for “Buckeye Gray” Stonework SCOPE OF THE WORK The contractor shall include under this heading all labor, material, super- vision, etc., necessary for the proper and prompt execution of all stonework. The stonework and all other work and material mentioned herein shall he furnished and set complete in accordance with the specifications, drawings and detail drawings. Note — With this clause included , it will not be necessary to repeatedly use the words “ Furnish and Set." The following drawings shall form a part of this contract: T itle of Drawing Sheet No. First Floor Plan, ff" scale drawings 101 Second Floor Plan 102 North Elevation 110 East Elevation 1 1 1 Section A- A 114 Scale Details Full Size Details Note — Lower estimates will usually be submitted when detail drawings are furnished for estimating , as the shape of the moulding affects the cost more than a small variation in size. When it is desired to keep the price low , avoid undercut mouldings, except drips, and those which contain many mem- bers. All moulded returns under 12 inches in length must be cut by hand. Temporary Work — The contractor shall furnish at his own cost and risk, all derricks, hoisting machinery, power, tools, apparatus, scaffolding and temporary work, and materials necessary for the prosecution of this contract. Work Omitted -The following work and material will be furnished (by other parties) (under another heading) (will be done at a later date) and shall not be included in this (part of the) contract. Wood centers for arches will be furnished by the carpenter contractor. Note — If any work has been provided for under another heading or trade, such as wood boxing, for protection, centers, anchors, etc., or if any stonework or carving shown on the drawings is to be omitted, it is advisable to list same under “ Work Omitted," although it is recommended that such items as pro- tection and anchors be included under stonework. This contractor is then free to make such arrangements as will be most desirable for delivery of anchors and protection of his work and will be in a position to control these items. THE OHIO QUARRIES COMPANY CLEVER AN D EXTRA STOCK During the progress of the work, the contractor shall keep on hand cu. ft. of stone in large blocks suitable to cut duplicate stones for replacement of damaged material. Note — This clause may be omitted for jobs which are located so that stone will be received within 72 hours after it is shipped from the mill. SETTING DRAWINGS Hie contractor shall make complete setting drawings and furnish all neces- sary copies of same to the architect, and as required to carry out the work. The contractor shall make any revisions or changes as may be ordered by the architect, which are within the scope of the contract, and shall not allow any stone to be cut until he obtains the architect’s approval of the drawings. The architect’s approval of shop drawings, however, shall cover general design and arrangement only, and shall not be construed as a check upon the same. These drawings shall show the jointing, bonding, type, size and number of anchors required, size of all stones and any other necessary information. Stones shown at finished grade line shall extend at least two inches below same. MODELS Full size models will be furnished by the Owner (by the Contractor) for the following portions of the work. List of Models: Note — It is always desirable to give a list of the models that will be required , as this matter might be overlooked for a time and the mill may start carving the stone before they are notified that the architect wishes the zvork done in accordance with models. Models are sometimes specified to be furnished by the contractor as part of his work , but as he can only approximate the cost on account of changes and other items involved , it is recommended that either a “ Cash Allowance ” be made in the specifications or state that the owner will pay for same including shipping charges. The “ General Conditions ' ’ of most specifications provide for “ Cash Allowance" {See also the "General Conditions of the Contract pub- lished by the ‘ American Institute of Architects ' .”) For monumental work it is often required that full size models of certain portions of the building be erected on the site. STONE All stone, unless otherwise indicated on the drawings, shall be “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone, furnished by the Ohio Quarries Company, Cleveland, Ohio, from their “Buckeye Quarry” at South Amherst, Ohio. THE OHIO OUARRIES COMPANY CLEVELAND The stone shall be well seasoned, of an even texture, free from holes, cracks, mud seams, glass seams, flint streaks or other detects impairing its strength or durability or marring its appearance. Natural variations characteristic of the material will be acceptable. Note— "Buckeye Gray ” is the trade name of the finest stone taken from the quarry and is furnished in one grade only. It is taken from below the 100 ft. level in the quarry, which has a total depth of 212 feet. The stone above the 100 ft. level is extensively used for breakwaters, electrical insulations, grindstones, railroad ballast, curbs, flagging, bridges, blast furnace lining and other purposes where appearance is not of prime importance. CUTTING Cutting in General — All stones shall be accurately cut in accordance with full size drawings or models. All profiles shall be uniform, with continuous unbroken lines. Flat surfaces shall be free from waves, projections or depressions. All stones in the same plain shall be flush at the joints. All arrises and corners shall be cut sharp, unless otherwise shown on drawings. Stones shall be cut square and true so that the joints will be perfectly hori- zontal and vertical, except for joints otherwise shown on the drawings, but in any case stones shall accurately flit. The beds, sides and tops of all stones shall be dressed back at right angles to the face. Stones shall be cut as required to fit around structural members where same are shown on the drawings. Note — It is important that the Architect’s drawings show which stones are to be cut around structural members. Joints shall have a uniform width of of an inch. Note — The structure of “ Buckeye Gray" Sandstone is fine enough to make butt joints in any work where it is desirable, such as paving for interiors. From a practical standpoint, inch joints are best suited to stonework, as the work can be laid out and cut quicker with less chance of making an error than if thinner joints are used. For these reasons stonework with inch joints will cost a little less than with inch joints. Lewis Holes shall be cut in all stones weighing more than 300 pounds. Anchor Holes shall be cut for all anchors and the stone recessed so that the anchor will set flush with the top of the stone. Washes shall be cut on the top of all cornices, copings, sills, steps, platforms and other projecting stones except as otherwise shown. Raised seats shall be cut on all such stones to form a level bed for material that is to be built upon them. THE OHIO OUARRIES COMPANY CLEVELAND Note — The stonework will usually be soiled and streaked where the washes pitch toward the face of the stone. It is therefore recommended that copings pitch toward the roof and that the water be drained off of projecting stones rather than allowing it to run over the face of same. No loads should be allowed to bear on the projecting portion of any stone. Drips shall be cut on the under side of all projecting stones. Note — Drips are very important . Failure to provide same will spoil the ap- pearance of an otherwise perfect job of stonework. The minimum size should be X" unde by x /f" deep , but it would be better to make them larger if it will not interfere with the design. Reglets shall be cut as shown on the drawings for flashing, gutters, etc. Projecting Stones shall be securely anchored, except where they are detailed so that at least 60 per cent of their weight will come inside the face of the wall. Jambs and Heads shall be cut solid the full depth of the reveals without vertical joints, unless otherwise shown on the drawings. Returns shall be accurately cut and bonded into the wall in alternate courses. No returns or other stones shall be mitered, except in special cases where so shown on drawings. Moulded returns shall be cut solid with no joint at the corner. Note — Where cost has to be considered , it is well to remember that moulded returns must be cut by hand. Corner Stone shall be cut with a pocket to receive copper box which will be furnished by sheet metal contractor. Steps and Platforms shall have not less than four inches bearing on bridge or cheek walls. Where steps have no nosing the edges shall be slightly rounded. Note — Steps and platforms should be of sufficient thickness to safely sustain any load that they may reasonably be expected to carry. Cutting and Drilling to Receive other work -Do all cutting and drilling, shown on the plans as may be necessary or as directed, for passage or setting of electric conduits, pipes, leaders, railings, metal thresholds, door holders, and for any other material which is to be set or built in by other parties. This cutting or drilling may be done at the mill or at the building, as may be most convenient. This contractor shall consult with the other contractors and shall see that the cutting and drilling is properly done to fit and receive the other material. Finish — All stones shall be finished smooth, tree from tool marks or other imper- fections. Note — Any finish suitable for stone can be cut on “Buckeye Gray" Sandstone . Smooth finish costs the least. Carving -All carving shall be done at the mill, by thoroughly experienced workmen, in strict accordance with the drawings (models) and directions of the Architect. THE OHIO QUARRIES COMPANY CLEVELAND SHIPPING Stones shall be shipped in the order in which they will be required for the general progress of the building and shall be carefully loaded in the cars, packed in excelsior, which shall be made of pine wood only, and covered with stone dust. Note — Never use any other wood than Pine, as Oak, Hemlock and numerous other woods will stain the stone. DELIVERY Care shall be taken not to damage the stone in any way while it is being re- moved from the cars and carted to the site. Thoroughly experienced and compe- tent men only shall be employed for this work. Note — Stone is often marred and sometimes ruined zvhile being unloaded and carted. It is therefore important to have men that are familiar with this work. Where rollers are used to move the stone, they shall be of pine wood only and shall not be placed under finished surfaces. INSPECTION The contractor shall inspect and check each lot of stone as it arrives at the site, or the storage space. If any stones are damaged or missing, he shall promptly order new stones. The contractor shall handle all stone as directed, so that it may be inspected by the architect. During working hours, the architect shall have access to the mill where stone is being cut. Note — When stone is to be carved or given a special finish, it is recommended that the architect visit the mill where samples and experiments can be readily made to give the work the character and spirit desired. STORAGE As soon as the stone is received, it shall be placed on platforms, built of pine wood only, to keep it at least six inches clear of the ground. Where it is necessary to pile the stone, pine plank shall be placed between each piece. Note — In city work where space is limited, it is advisable to include the following: The contractor shall store the stone at his yard or other convenient place as may be necessary, so that it can be promptly delivered to the site as required. The stone shall at all times be covered and protected from the weather with water-proof canvas or water-proof paper securely fastened in place. The contractor shall handle the stone in such a manner as not to interfere with the general progress of the building, or the work or material of the other trades. Note — The protection of the stones before they are set is of vital import- ance, as the securing of a fine job of stonework depends to a large degree on the manner in which the material is taken care of before it is set in place. If the stones are dropped off the wagon upon the earth, and workmen allowed to walk over them with muddy shoes or eat their lunch on them, dropping particles of food, it is almost certain that the building will have a spotty and THE OHIO OUARRIES COM I\4 NY CL E VE L A N D unnatural appearance, which no amount of cleaning will entirely remove, while if the stones are clean when they are set, they will gradually weather and any variations in shade will be a natural blending of tones caused by rain, wind and impurities in the air. PROTECTION The contractor shall protect and be responsible for any damage to his work or material, from the date of the agreement until the final payment is made and shall make good, without cost to the owner, any damage or loss that may occur during this period. Each day, just before quitting, the contractor shall cover the top of all unfinished walls with water-proof canvas tarpaulins properly secured in place. All projections, belt courses, columns, sills, door and window jambs, corners and at any other locations where the stone is liable to injury from falling timbers, masonry, etc., shall be protected by substantial clean wood boxing, using pine only, securely fastened in place and maintained in good condition until ordered removed. Steps and platforms shall be protected as specified above and if practicable shall not be used while the building is under construction. ANCHORS All anchors shall be of heavy galvanized wrought iron of the size, shape and quantity shown or called for on the architect’s drawings or on the setting draw- ings. Should it be found necessary to place any anchors on exposed surfaces, they shall be of hard brass. Note — Wrought iron anchors should always be galvanized, otherwise they will rust and very likely stain the stone. Painting is not recommended. The ashlar shall have an anchor placed in the top of every other stone in each second course. Where the stones are over four feet long there shall be two anchors in every other stone in each second course. These anchors shall turn down one inch into the stone and be turned up two inches on the other end into the brick backing, and shall not be less than 1 g of an inch thick, one inch wide and pass over two thicknesses of brick. All anchors shall be in accordance with the local building laws. All dowels, clamps, etc., shall be furnished as shown on the drawings or as may be necessary to hold the stone securely in place. Note — Before specifying anchors, it is suggested that the local building laws be referred to and copied into the specifications for the stone mill to be guided by. Anchors usually have to be worked out to fit each condition except for ashlar, the requirements for which are usually clearly stated in the building laws and it is important that they be specified, as they form a large part of this branch of the work. The clause given for anchors in ashlar may be considered safe, except for very large surfaces. With the exception of anchors for ashlar, the architect may reasonably leave the size, shape and quantity of anchors THE OHIO QUARRIES COMPANY CLEVELAND required to be shown on the cutting drawings , as in any case these drawings must meet with his approval. When ashlar is cut in alternate thicknesses of 4 and S inches, no anchors will be required. WATER-PROOFING T he top and bottom joints in the first course of stone at the grade shall be water-proofed with asphalt felt as shown on the detail drawing. Note — See detail sheets for method of water-proofing the first two joints. It is important that these joints be water-proofed, otherwise the stones will be badly stained by moisture soaking up through them. It is also advisable to zvater-proof the first course of stone with a colorless water-proofing medium. This will make the stone impervious and easy to clean. These precautions should be taken even where a masonry sidewalk comes against the building. 'The back of parapet walls should either be water-proofed or flashed to the top, otherwise the rain will soak through the backing and stain the stone. See detail sheets. MORTAR Storage of Cement and Lime — All cement and lime shall be protected from the weather while it is being transported to the site and shall be stored in a shed that will keep it as free as possible from dampness. No cement which has become lumpy or partly set shall be used. Mixing — All materials shall be accurately measured and thoroughly mixed in clean boxes, or mixing machines. Method used for measuring must be such that it will meet with the approval of the architect. No mortar shall be used which has become set or partly set. Note — Never allow the material to be mixed on the ground or come in contact zvith same, as the mortar should always be kept clean. Setting Mortar shall be composed of one part of a standard brand of Portland Cement, three parts of clean sharp sand, free from loam or any other substance that might be injurious either to the mortar or stone and one tenth part of hydrated lime. Note — Care should be taken to see that the water used is free from iron, salts or other chemical elements which would stain the stone. Pointing Mortar shall be composed of equal parts of a standard brand of white cement and fine white sand. SETTING Only experienced stone setters shall be employed and the contractor shall also provide stone cutters as may be necessary to do any trimming or fitting, etc., of stone, to overcome inaccuracies and to make the material fit and conform to the conditions at the building, so as not to delay the work. TIIE OHIO QUARRIES COMPANY CLEVELAND Nott’ — Stonework is cut and set by reliable stone contractors , very accurately , but it is sometimes found advisable to make adjustments at the building to fit work which has already been built. It is customary to build the stone openings before the frames are set. I ust before being set, each stone shall be brushed clean, with fibre brushes, and drenched with clean water, except that during freezing weather no water shall be used. Salt shall not be used for thawing out lewis or anchor holes or in any other portion of the work. Note — Extreme care should be taken when stone is being set during freezing weather. No safe recommendations can be made to meet this condition, as the success of the work will almost entirely depend upon the knowledge and carefulness of the workmen. The following are the usual precautions taken: ' The sand and water shall be heated and the mortar used before it has cooled. The stone and brick backing shall be free from frost. No work shall be done when the temperature is lower than 20 degrees, and then only on a rising temperature . No work shall be done when the temperature is below 25 degrees and falling. In no case shall work be done when there is a probability of the temperature being colder than 20 degrees within the next 24 hours. All work shall be carefully covered with straw and canvas. All stones shall be set plumb and true with the vertical and all other joints filled with mortar, except that the mortar shall be kept back one inch from the face of the stone where it is to be pointed with cement and one and one half inches where the joints are to be caulked with oakum and lead. Horizontal joints shall be kept level and vertical joints plumb from the bottom to top of wall, unless otherwise shown on the drawings. The stones shall be properly bedded and tapped in place with a wooden mallet. Ashlar shall not be carried up more than one course higher than the backing, nor shall a stone with a wider bed than the one directly below it be set until the backing has laid up level with the top of the lower course. Wood wedges, made of pine, may be used to separate the stones and they shall be left in place until tbe building is cleaned. Built in Work — All anchors shall be accurately set and adjusted and the anchor holes filled with mortar. This contractor shall consult with the other contractors in regard to built in work and set any material, such as window cleaners’ bolts, etc., as may be specified under other headings or trades. Setting of Corner Stone— Furnish the proper labor and rigging necessary for the formal setting of the corner stone. Any platforms, railings, etc., required for this ceremony, will be otherwise provided tor. Sills — Mortar shall be placed under the ends only of sills and the rest of the joint left open until the pointing is done, when it shall be filled solid with pointing mortar. TIIE OHIO QUARRIES COMPANY CLEVELAND PAVING All sidewalk and paving indicated on the drawings shall be sawed (split slabs may be desired to obtain certain effects) slabs of “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone not less than 2 inches thick. Note — For a number of years “ Buckeye Gray ” Sa?idsto?ie has been successfully used for sidewalks and may be employed to advantage for paving terraces, porch floors, garden walks, etc., as it is often desired to have the paving tie in and be in keeping with the material used in the wall of the building. Laid on Concrete — Where the paving is laid on concrete, the slabs shall be bedded in one inch ol setting mortar and the joints pointed with pointing mortar. Setting and pointing mortar shall be as specified above under “Mortar.” Note — TheM inimumthickness should be two inches. Other standard thicknesses are 2} £ inches. 3 inches and 4 inches. A 2 -inch thick stone should not be over feet long. 2} 2 inch not over feet', 3-inch not over feet', 4-inch not over feet. Sidewalks — The earth shall be excavated to the proper depth, so that the flagging will lay flush with the ground. Thoroughly tamp the earth under all sidewalks and lay four inches of clean boiler cinders which shall be wetted and tamped. The stones shall be squared up and bedded on the cinders. Note — Where the stone is laid on sandy soil or loam with natural drainage, the cinders may be omitted. If it is desired to have the flagging squared at the mill, it should be mentioned in the specifications, but in any case it will be necessary to do some fitting at the site, as it is impractical to obtain the exact length of the sidewalk. The width oj the sidewalk should either be shown on the drawings or specified as well as the length of the walk. Stepping Stones shall be laid, where shown on the drawings, flush with the earth on a 1-inch bed of sand with wide joints to allow for future planting of grass. DEFECTIVE WORK No patched, cracked, broken or other defective stones shall be set, unless the contractor obtains the architect’s approval in each case. It any stones are found defective, the contractor shall furnish new' stones without cost to the owner. CLEANING After all the work is otherwise finished and when there is no possibility of frost, the entire work shall be washed with clean water and fibre brushes until all dirt, stains, mortar or other defacements are removed. Note — Under no circumstances should wire brushes or acids be used; -in extreme cases clean white sand may be mixed, with the water and applied with fibre brushes or carborundum may be used. THE OHIO QUARRIES COMPANY CLEF EL AND POINTING All joints, except as otherwise specified, shall be raked out, brushed clean and soaked with clean water, after which they shall he filled with pointing mortar, as specified hereinbefore, which shall be thoroughly packed and worked into the joints and finished with a pointing tool, as directed by the architect. Before proceeding with the work, a sample ot the pointing shall be made and the architect’s approval obtained. No pointing shall be done when there is any possibility of frost. Note — The following is recommended for high class zvork. The joints in all steps and platforms shall be raked out to depth of 1 1 ■? inches and cleaned, and then chaulked with oakum, leaving a depth of % of an inch, which shall be filled with molten lead, thoroughly pounded in, to completely fill the joint and finished smooth with the surface of the stone. REMOVAL OF RUBBISH Upon completion, the contractor shall remove all scaffolding, surplus ma- terial and rubbish from the premises. IMPORTANT When designing and erecting stonework, never neglect the following VERY ESSENTIAL items: (1) Design the stonework, as far as practicable, so that the rain water will drain off and not run over the face of the stone. This is exceedingly important at porticos, porte- cocheres, porches and other such features. Provide drips on all projecting stones. (2) Keep the stone clean until it is set. This is MOST important. (3) Water-proof the first course at grade, both top and bottom beds, also water-proof the back of parapet walls. (4) Good setting. Employ experienced stonesetters only. If these four suggestions are strictly carried out, the result will be gratifying to the architect, owner and all others interested. THE OHIO QUARRIES COMPANY CLEVELAND Historical The production of Standstone in a crude way from the Amherst, Ohio, District dates prior to the year 1855. More prominent recognition was given the stone as a superior building material beginning with the year 1865, at which time a few large structures were built of it in the City ol Cleveland, some of which are standing today — real testimonials to the fact that the stone possesses remarkable enduring qualities. The market for the stone has not in the past covered as wide a field as might have been the case it certain conditions detrimental to the sandstone industry in general could have been overcome. For a great many years the business was held in check by the non-use of machinery for planing and turning. However, in face of many handicaps, a considerable production was disposed ot annually, due largely to the preference of a great many architects for sandstone. From the time the quarries were first opened, until the year 1905, the stone was marketed, at first in rough blocks and later in sawed slabs, necessitating a tremendous amount of hand labor to finish the stone ready to set in the walk During the year 1905, The Ohio Quarries Company began experimenting with mechanical means for planing moulds and turning columns and balusters, with highly gratifying results, but prior to this practically no strides had been taken in this direction so far as Amherst Sandstone was concerned. A few years later a cut stone plant was established (the first in the district), adja- cent to our quarries and mills, by the Ohio Cut Stone Company. Within a short time two more cut stone plants came into existence. These plants are modern in every respect and equipped with lathes, planers, carborundum saws, rubbing beds, air compressors, traveling cranes, etc. The successful results obtained by the use of machinery, and the establishing of modern cut stone plants in close proximity to the base of supply enables the producers to successfully compete in price with other building stones. THE OHIO OU HR TIES COMPANY CLEVELAND Suggested Abbreviated Form of Specification All stone shall be “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone furnished by the Ohio Quar- ries Company, Cleveland, Ohio, from their Buckeye Quarry at South Amherst, Ohio. SETTING DRAWINGS The contractor shall furnish setting drawings showing the jointing, bonding, type size and number of anchors required, size of all stones and any other necessary information. Each stone to be numbered to agree with setting plan. CUTTING All stones shall be accurately cut in accordance with the drawings. Joints shall have a uniform width of of an inch. All stones shall be finished (smooth) free from tool marks or other imper- fections. DELIVERY l'he stone shall be delivered in the order in which it will be required at the building. Idle stone shall be handled only by thoroughly experienced workmen and care shall be taken not to damage same while unloading from the cars or while carting to the site. PROTECTION l he stone shall be placed on wood platforms built of pine, and covered with water-proof canvas tarpaulins. Each day just before quitting the contractor shall cover the top of all un- finished walls with water-proof canvas tarpaulins properly secured in place. All projections, columns, jambs, corners, steps and platforms shall be pro- tected by clean wood boxing built ot pine. ANCHORS All anchors shall be ot heavy galvanized wrought iron, as shown on the arch- itect’s drawings or on the setting drawings. All anchors shall be in accordance with the local building laws. WATER-PROOFING l he top and bottom joints in the first course of stone at the grade shall be water-proofed with asphalt felt, as shown on the detail drawing. SETTING All stones shall be accurately set by thoroughly experienced stone setters in one to three cement mortar. l he mortar shall be kept back one inch from the face of the stone to allow for pointing. Just before being set, each stone shall be brushed clean and drenched with clean water. CLEANING After the work is otherwise finished and when there is no possibility of frost, the entire work shall be washed with clean water and fibre brushes until all dirt, stains, mortar or other defacements are removed. POINTING All joints shall be raked out, brushed clean and soaked with clean water, after which they shall be filled solid with pointing mortar composed of one part of white cement and one part of fine white sand. The joints shall be finished with a pointing tool as directed by the architect. No pointing shall be done when there is any possibility of frost. JV| , ° u u 1 x < . vri ( cO [Q iu 2 - ill Vj Q H I N Gt Hi< 5H ?OlN“p Of 5 joax Note* See f-|OURE- -f And note, on Flat E-' M-l • - “ y-z z 'M u 5 ac _\ c ft-a... A ■ • IT) (\) kJ - 1 n 'O CL ~ O < A„ S ^ J- v <0 - X o £ * 0 * U K «Q h V 5 £T VS < u c. K e: y el • G r <\y< * <5 A N D5yO N EL * •The.- Ohio » Q ot\ r r. i e.5 - Com pan y- / 5 tokc r ' y U le.vel/\nd -Ohio O e. c 7* i o ai • -Plan 5 c. a\ L f • I A = l o /10TEL- Co RNICE -Si^iLaTR fO D E S I CN ON P L A T E ' C ' £■ but STILL FURTHER, .S I EO pL I f I E D fOR pURpoSE Of ECOHOMy 5 c a Le • P L at e- • C- 3 “5ucKltl- Gray* T aaidctoyil* -Th l- Ohio - Q uarri ls- Company* • f i gore:- 1 • 5mall members as 1 ND1CATE.D IN T I G • 1 SHOULD BE. AVOIDED- AS THEY ARE EXPENSIVE. To Froduce- Cl lvlLa nd- tfHio ■ The curtailed projection represented by solid Line strengthens A Wear member and tends to avoid breakage During prodoc-[ioh And HANDLING • • fl G ORE. • 5- The delicate member INDICATED e>Y DOTTED Line increases the cost Op MACHINE PRODUCTION. •Figure.- 4- •Where, feasible , Locate BED At line -Y- 1 NSJEAD op LINE ■ X ■ /N ORDER 70 GIVE THE 5TOME- CUTTERS greater ACCESS To DENTIL SpACES- Tl GiURL - 5 • ■The SELc-poN shown by solid Line is recoaylnded To ELIMINATE EXPENSIVE UNDER- CUTTING, Required TF Dotted Line is ehfloyed • V L_ A T E. • AT- 1 • BugKe.yl* Gray- S am dgtomeg Them Ohio* Quarries -Company- G L L VELA N D- (^Hio • ■ 6 UU 5 TLRi- Mainjaim Diame.-]-e,r At • A As L a r c s As Possible: In fRopoRT 'om To Th E- Maximum I)if\M LfER To 4void Breakages In Turning • 5 lcT‘ Thru- Coluhm £ng aged Columns, Cheick Oot Back o f columns to Receive. Ashlar or Brick Work- This is done not Only To Hake IT Possible To Produce Columns On A Lath^ But also to Diameter Nec\a Diameter Base.- Avoid The Necessity Of cutting 4n entasis on ashlar or Brickwork, To fiT Against Column /}T its Intersection With The. Wall Line: ' ; Rlate.- £) U C K E.Y E * GR/\T” GAMDSTONL The- Ohio- Quarries- Company- 10 Notice. Rh5uLt Op Water SoaKimc; Op Im To Sfooi e Ip Wate.r- Pr oopi N Is 0 am t T 510 ■ Most Economical Method Of Anchoring AshLa-r To BAckiNq- ^ ^ ^ ^ ‘DucKlyl* GraY' Gamp-stonl- -THL- OHIOQOARR1PS«COMPANY' Cleveland. Ohio- 1/s High WaLLs A Course: Op Boyd S^o/ses 5houLd Be. B^iLj In • B o ydinc; Course: AppRO*. ao-o" A pARj • FlaJe:- t\-2-- ?LaTf.-/1 ? A-3- «CucKeye» Cray- Ja/ndctome* •The- Ohio* Quarries- Company- clevemnd^hio Bro Ken • Rubble. ■ TiauRE-A ? l 1 i. - — o w \ 1 li — -\m w =/ ( l=4 \W-d Ml \\ J i ■ — :c - ■ .□ /d “ o T JO Coursed Random Rubble. 5awed Bed Joints- These- Stones fif-ftp A Job • "Fi goreO? • 2 • i 1 — i \ l r z T — IL jj JOd l OW jo on nrn: — 1 /iO jO ii — r w J \ OOL L_ li ■YUruu Rantdoaa Rub&Le- 5pi_iy Bed Joints T gurl-A? 3- * Var i ous • Rubble • Walls* yNoyc.:' All These Sjo/nls Fitted Ay Job- Furnished Sm ooth Or RocK Faced- pLAT E ~ O' ^ ' UCK LTL' GRAY' v 5 a/ND 6 TONE> Th L - Ohio QcJARUIL5‘ COMPANY- Cleveland- Ohio- G & 1 2 . <2 18 <• G G 12 16 Broken Ashlar- Three Sizes f I GORE- /1 ? 7 G ia G la 18 IE 1 2 vd G Broken Ashlar • Th REE 5l 21 E5 ■ Y 1 G U RE* /'l - 6 Broken Ashlar Six • Sizes fi g ore-- °\ • « Vari 005 - Ashlar • Walls- Th ess SyoNts Furnished Smooth Or Any Other Finish Desired Plate - W- 3- -YocKlyl- Gray- Aaydstonl- - ThL - Oh I O “ Q (JARR 1 AS" COMPANY- Cleveland. cm». 1 ; 'i j °\ 1 yJ ! L • BLockf.D' Course - Rubble. • 5 awed • Bed • Joi N*ys Thesc 5 jonE 5 Fitjed A*y Job • fl u c k lye. - Cray Caadjtomr Che ° Ohio * Q uarri lo » Compahy « cllvela^d-ohi I ■ E)RO K C. N • Aohlar- T^RL E ' J i Z LJ 'FiqoRE / 1 ' 7 ' £) R 0 K Ltt ■ A3 HL k K ■ Th-KLL Az LJ • Fl quKL°h° 0 ■ DRokLN ' A 3 HL AR ' J] X Jl Z L3 Fi qo kl 71*9 • ?L ATt-W' ■i •fiuck eye. « Ckay«Oaadltone» 'he ‘ Oh I o » Q. U ARR 1 EA -> COMPAHY * ClevelandYhio* [) r o k en Ruddle f i q u r l AFl a J j 71 :CZZR; a. I J{ If J :L 'C——D, MR ■ y .{. — 'k K it 30 11 Courded ■ Random ■ Ruddle • Oawed E>e.d • Jo into ■TRede- Jtonej ■ Fitted ■ At -Joi>- TiquKE'7i p 2- / ■r /I 1 7 L^A\ CG = oL 11 — V '■ ATZe ArTr~ \i ■Random- Ru bd l e JplitR ed Jointj- F i c u re- Ri ? 3 ' n K O B RL L - Note. ■All ThEJ E ■ Jto Ai EJ ■ f 1TTED ■ At- JoD- Turmuh-ed Jmootd|-- Or Rock-FActD- Plate.- W l- Specification Writer Abbreviated Form of Specification for u Buckeye Gray” Sandstone All stone shall he “Buckeye Gray’ ' Sandstone furnished by the ( )hio Quarries Company, Cleveland, Ohio, from their Buckeye Ouarrv at South Amherst, Ohio. SETTING DRAWINGS The contractor shall furnish setting drawings showing the joining, bond- ing, tvpe size and number of anchors required, size of all stones and an\ other necessary information. Each stone to he numbered to agree with setting plan. Gl 1 II J All stones shall be accurately cut in accordance with the draw ings. Joints shall have a uniform w idth of '{ of an inch. All stones shall be finished (smooth) free from tool marks or other imper- fections. DELIA ERA stone shall be delivered in the order in which it will he required at the building. The stone shall he handled only by thoroughly experienced work- men, and care shall be taken not to damage same while unloading from the cars or while carting to the site. PROTECTION The stone shall be placed on wood platforms built of pine, and covered with w ater-proof canvas tarpaulins. Each day just before quitting, the contractor shall cover the top of all un- finished wadis with water-proof canvas tarpaulins properly secured in place. All projections, columns, jambs, corners, steps and platforms shall be pro- tected by clean wood boxing built of pine. ANCH RS anchors shall he of heavy galvanized wrought iron, as shown on the architect’s draw ings or on the setting drawings. All anchors shall be in accord- ance with the local building laws. WATER-PROOFING The top and bottom joints in the first course of stone at the grade shall he water-proofed with asphalt felt, as shown on the detail drawing. SETTING A11 , „ , , , . , , . All stones shall he accurately set by thoroughly experienced stone setters in one to three cement mortar. The mortar shall he kept hack one inch from the face of the stone to allow for pointing. Just before being set, each stone shall be brushed clean and drenched with clean water. CLEANING Ar After the work is otherwise finished and when there is no possibility of frost, the entire work shall he washed with clean water and fibre brushes until all dirt, stains, mortar or other defacements are removed. POINTING All joints shall be raked out, brushed clean and soaked with clean w ater, after which they shall be filled solid w ith pointing mortar composed of one part of white cement and one part of fine white sand. T he joints shall he finished with a pointing tool as directed by the architect. No pointing shall he done when there is any possibility of frost. Additional copies, also detailed specification data, gladly furnished on request. TrH! Ohio Quarries Company CITIZENS BUILDING CLEVELAND, O. PRODUCED BY CITIZENS BUILDING CLEVELAND, OHIO Product. “Buckeye Gray” Sandstone (sometimes called Amherst Sandstone) for exterior and interior building construction. Trade-name. “Buckeye Gray” is the trade-name of the finest stone taken from the quarry and is furnished in one grade only. The stone specially selected for building purposes comes from below the 100-tt. level in the quarry, which has a total depth of 212 ft. The stone above this point is utilized for curbing, sidewalks, grind- stones, bridges and other purposes where appearance is not of prime importance. Supply and Facilities. In connection with an ample quarrying capacity, to satisfy the requirements of any undertaking regard- less of the quantity of stone involved, we operate a modern mill, which consists of 24 gangs of saws, a steel tramway one-third mile in length equipped with 5 elec- tric traveling cranes and a railroad embracing 4 miles of standard gage track, which furnishes a connection with the main line of the New York Central Railroad. A separate organization has 3 cut stone plants in operation adjacent to our quarries, devoted exclusively to supplying the trade with stone cut ready to set. 1 hese plants are each completely equipped with modern machinery such as planers, lathes, air compressors, rub- bing beds, circular saws, etc., and are in a position to make attractive figures on "Buckeye Gray” sandstone cut ready to set. Color and Texture. “Buckeye Gray ’ sandstone is of a distinctive shade > of rich light gray, with natural variations in tone. If ? desired stone can be selected of an almost uniform i shade. It is of a fine and even texture, and does not contain flint streaks, holes, glass seams or other such imperfections. Structure. Buckeye Gray’ sandstone is what is geologically known as a sihcious sandstone, analyzing approxi- mately 95% pure silica, and should not be confused with other classifications of sandstone, the cementing qualities of which are carbonate of lime, iron oxide or clayey matter. It is the presence of a large percentage of silica in the rock which gives it wonderful enduring qualities. Strength. “Buckeye Gray” sandstone has withstood a crush- ing strength of 10,000 lbs. per sq. in. If this stone was piled as high as the Washington Monument (555 ft. 5 in.) there would only be a pres- sure at the bottom of 579 lbs. per sq. in. C urbing made of this material has been in place over 45 years on certain heavy traffic streets in the city of Cleveland, during which time the road surface has been renewed three times, but the original curbin'* is still in place and unaffected by the elements workin against it. Buckeye Gray” sandstone litis never been known to scale or disintegrate. Weight. “Buckeye Gray” sandstone weighs approximately 150 lbs. per cu. ft. when cut ready to set. Fire Resistance. “Buckeye Gray” sandstone is the most perfect stone on the market in this respect. The mere state- ment of fact that thousands of tons of it are used an- nually by steel companies for lining their furnaces to protect them from the intense heat, amply verifies this i assertion. Durability. 1 he excellent appearance of the stonework in many I old buildings in Cleveland and vicinity, having been subjected for a period of over 65 years to adverse cli- niatic conditions and severe atmospheric tests without a ! sign of disintegration appearing, illustrates the fact that nature has endowed “Buckeye Gray” sandstone with wonderful element resisting qualities. The original tool marks of the stonecutters' tools are as clean cut and sound today as when the stone was first set in the wall, j Many old buildings, having outlived their usefulness, i have been torn down, the stone removed to a new loca- l tion, re-cut and used a second time, which is another l P ro °f that the stone is durable beyond question. 1 lie severest test that can be applied to stone to determine its durability is where it is used for street curbing, as it is constantly subjected to the moisture and acids from the soil and pavement refuse and dur- ing the winter months to a continuous freezing and thawing process. TURNED BALUSTERS How to Use “Buckeye” Gray Sandstone. Many a fine stone job has been ruined due to vari- ous causes before and after the stone arrives at the site. There are a few set rules which, if strictly adhered to, will insure an attractive stone job, to wit : (1) Design the stonework, as far as practicable, so that the rain water will drain off and not run over the face of the stone. This is exceedingly important at porticos, port-cocheres, porches and other such fea- tures. Provide drips on all projecting stones. (2) Keep the stone clean until it is set. (This is very important.) (3) Waterproof the first course at grade, both top and bottom beds, also waterproof the back of parapet walls. (4) Good setting. Employ experienced stoneset- ters only. Service Bureau. Expert information and data relating to the use, cost, handling, setting, etc., of “Buckeye Gray” sand- stone ; samples ; suggested specifications and general information gladly furnished gratis. Send plans for cut stone figures and we will secure them from reliable cut stone contractors who make a specialty of cutting “Buckeye Gray” sandstone. PLANED .MOULDINGS ctq cr: AVERY LIBRARY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY