TO Capitalists, Investors, Manufacturers, ALL PERSONS DESIRING HOMES Country and Suburbs of New York. HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THAT 'PORTION OF WESTCHESTER AND PUTNAM COUNTIES IMMEDIATELY CONTIGUOUS TO THE N. Y. CITY & NORTHERN RAILROAD. PREPARED, PUBLISHED AND CIRCULATED Real Estate Brokers, No 9 Vanderbilt Avenue and 3 I and 33 Broad Street, NEW YORK. NEW YORK : Jones Printing Company, 42 Broad Street. and IN THE A BRIEF BY WM. H. HOYT & CO., Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library lEx Ktbrtfi SEYMOUR DURST When you leave, please leave this book Because it has been said "Ever'tbinQ comes t' him who waits Except a loaned book." TO Capitalists, Investors, Manufacturers, AND ALL PERSONS DESIRING HOMES IN THL Country and Suburbs of New York. a BRIEF HISTORICAL AN D TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF FHAT PORTION OF WESTCHESTER AND PUTNAM COUNTIES IMMEDIATELY CONTIGUOUS TO THE N. V. CITY & NORTHERN RAILROAD. PREPARED, PUBLISHED AND CIRCULATE LI UY WM. H. HOYT & CO., Real Estate Brokers, No. 9 Vanderbilt Avenue and 31 and 33 Broad stkee i , SEW YORK. NEW YORK : JONBS PRINTING COMPANY, ±'i BROAD SlKUEr. M5 Copyright. iSSj. by WM. H. Hoyt & Co. PREFACE. The publishers of this pamphlet beg to submit the same to the public with a few explanations. While it is mainly aken up with a description of the portion of Westchester and Putnam counties traversed by the New York City & Northern Railroad — a section comparatively unknown to large numbers of the people of New York city — they have no desire or intention to detract, either in respect to loca- tion, beauties of scenery, or improvements, from that por- tion of the above counties fronting upon and approximate to the world-renowned Hudson River, along which the Hudson River Railroad passes ; or that portion intersected by the Harlem or New Haven railroads. Our clientage is large and our interests identical with the people of all portions of Westchester and Putnam coun- ties ; and it will be in the future, as in the past, our duty and pleasure alike to point out to the general public, who may call upon us, all advantages surrounding any location, regardless of the interest of .any individual over his neigh- bor. With many thanks for past liberal patronage, and trust- ing we may recive a share of future business, We are, respectfully, WM. H. HOYT & CO. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 http://archive.org/details/tocapitalistsinvOOdurs To the large class seeking homes in the suburbs of New York the question, " Where shall we go ?" is always an in- teresting, and often a puzzling one. Tastes and needs of course differ, and so do the inducements held out in various sections to tempt the searcher after rural comfort. New- Jersey, Long Island and other localities have in turn come to the front with a long list of "unequaled advantages"; but just when some one of them seemed to be outbidding the others for popular favor, its prospects were seriously damaged by the fatal cry of mosquitoes ! or malaria ! The present hurried march of improvement up-townward has once more set the current of settlement in motion toward Westchester, and as the area of Manhattan Island will soon be filled, and as the overflow must go somewhere, what outlet so natural as that of the neighboring territory on the north ? This region is clearly pointed out, by its pleasing scenery of hills and dales, its numerous lakes and rippling streams, fine stretches of arable land, health-giving air and easy ac- cess to New York, as the popular future abode of the increasing multitudes whose commercial and other in- terests link them with the metropolis, but who desire their families to enjoy the privileges of country life. No one of the routes of travel penetrating the county of Westchester offers to the prospective transient or perma- nent resident, and to the careful investor in real estate, attractions equal to those found within reach of the New- York City & Northern Railroad. The line passes through 4 a series cf quiet and beautiful valleys, near several favorite lakes, and always through a healthy district. It is now in part, and will soon be wholly, placed in close connection with the Manhattan system of elevated roads, thus adding greatly to its facilities otherwise possessed. The New York City & Northern road begins at 155th street, on the west side of the Harlem River. Thence it crosses to the east side over a solid drawbridge, and de- scends by an easy grade to the station of HIGH BRIDGE, one mile from 155th street (by express trains), and 33 min- utes from Wall street. The High Bridge is so well known as a triumph of engineering skill, and an object of admira- tion, that it calls for little else than a passing reference. It carries the waters of the croton reservoir, 35 miles distant, across the valley of the Harlem River — or, as this arm of the East River was aboriginally called, the Muscoota — at an elevation of 100 feet The contractor for this work was the late George Law, justly celebrated as an energetic arid successful builder; his appropriate sobriquet of "Live Oak George" will be readily called to mind. This vicinity abounds in points of historic interest, and includes many pleasing views. We offer for sale here very desirable im- proved and unimproved properties, together with plots and lots — all having a fine speculative future. At MORRIS DOCK, two miles from 155th street, and 36 minutes from Wail street (by express trains), we can supply buyers with attract- ive country seats, and also with land well situated for divid- i ng into parcels, some having good water front. These proper- ties, brought by rapid transit so near the business centre of f D New York, must greatly increase in value at an early day. The station of Fordham Heights is about one mile further on. In the region of High Bridge, Morris Dock and Fordham Heights are located the fine residences, among others, of Frank W. Edson, Lewis G. Morris, Fordham Morris, Hugh N. Camp and Gustav Schwab ; also the valuable estate of Wm. B. Ogden and the Dashford Estate. KING S BRIDGE is four miles from 155th street, and 41 minutes from Wall street (by express trains) The mention of this name strikes a chord which vibrates away back in the early colonial times. The settlement was thus named in honor of Wil- liam the Third of England, who, in 1693, granted to Fred- erick Filipse — the great lord of the manor extending thence to the Croton — authority to build a bridge at this point, and levy toll on all persons and animals passing over it ; the bridge is also a part of the old Albany post road. During the revolutionary war this place constituted the "barrier" of the British lines in this direction. The cele- brated " Neutral Ground " extended from Kingsbridge to the Croton, and included generally that part of Westchester county lying between the Harlem and the former stream. The bridge became the headquarters of the " Cow boys" who were a constant source of terror to the unfortunate in- habitants of the Neutral Ground. They were mostly re- fugees, and formed a part of the irregular forces of the British army. Their purpose was, in the main, to plunder generally, and especially lo seize upon cattle which they dis- posed of within the English lines. Their nominal antagonists, the " Skimiers" were Americans also, and professed to have the home cause dear to their hearts, while in reality 6 they were often in league with the " boys," and are said to have shown more inhumanity to the patriots than even the notorious cow-hunters themselves. Connecting the Harlem River with the Hudson is Spin - ten Duyvil creek, the name of which is derived from an in- cident in the colonial annals described by the genial his- torian, Diedrich Knickerbocker (Washington Irving), in the " Doleful disaster of Anthony the Trumpeter." The reader will excuse its introduction here as a specimen of Irving's inimitable style and humor : " Stuyvesant, resolutely bent upon defending his beloved city (New- Amsterdam), in despite of itself, called unto him his trusty Van Cor- )ear, who was his right hand man in all cases of emergency. Him did he adjure to take his war-denouncing trumpet, and mounting his horse, to beat up the country, night and day, sounding the alarm along the pastoral borders of the Bronx, startling the w ide solitudes of Cro- ton, arousing the rugged yeomanry of Weehawken and Iloboken, the mighty men of battle of Tappan Bay, and the brave boys of Tarry- town and Sleepy Hollow, together with all the other warriors of the country round about; charging them, one and all, to sling their pow- der horns, shoulder their fowling pieces, and march merrily down to the Manhattans. Now, there was nothing in all the world, the divine sex excepted, that Anthony Van Corlear loved better than errands of this kind. So just stopping to take a lusty dinner, and bracing to his side his junk bottle, well charged with heart-inspiring Hollands, he issued jollily from the city gate that looked out upon what is at pres- ent called Broadway, sounding as usual a farewell strain, that rung in sprightly echoes through the winding streets of New Amsterdam. Alas ! never more were they to be gladdened by the melody of their favorite trumpeter ! It was a dark and stormy night when the go id Anthony arrived at the famous creek (sagely denominated Harlem River) which separates the island of Manna-hata from the main land. The wind was high, the elements were in an uproar, and no Charon could be found to ferry the adventurous sounder of brass across the water. For a short time he vapored like an impatient ghost upon the brink, and then bethinking himself of the urgency of his errand, took 7 a hearty embrace of his stone bottle, swore most valorously that 1 e would swim across en spuyt den duyvel, and daringly plunged into the stream Luckless Anthony ! scarce had he buffeted half way over when he was observed to struggle violently, as if battling with the spirit of the waters — instinctively he put his trumpet to his mouth, ami giving a vehement blast, sunk forever to the bottom !" The project of widening and deepening the channel of the upper Harlem River, and Spuyten Duyvil creek is now taking shape under the competent direction of Gen. Newton, of the United States engineer corps, who also has charge of the improvements at Hurl Gate. This undertaking is to be carried on at the expense of the Federal Government, and must, when completed, be of essential advantage to the city of New York, as well as to the inhabitants of lower Westchester county — however much it may despoil old landmarks and change the present aspect of the scenery. The enlarged channel, which will be ample for the passage of river, and even of many coasting craft, from the Hudson to the East River, will not follow the course of the present tide flow, but one in which economy of cost and distance will be mutual factors. Within a short distance of Kings- bridge are seen the country seats of Jos. Godwin. Wm. G. Ackerman, Isaac M Dyckman, and the Geo. W. Peck estate : the valuable property of Mr. Abel Denison, and many others of like prominence are also in the neighborhood. We have in this immediate vicinity acre and lot proper- ties admirably located for residence and business purposes, with a large margin for profit if purchased soon. On leaving the station at Kingsbridge the track of the Northern road diverges from that of the Hudson River road, with which it has been on parallel and intimate terms all the way from the crossing below Highbridge, and enters a well settled vale trending to the northward. On one of 8 the adjoining knolls at the right, embowered in trees and shrubbery, maybe seen the Macomb mansion, commanding a clear view of this whole section and much of Manhattan Island. The Macomb family is descended from the Mc- Combies of Scotland, long domiciled in Ireland, from whence John Macomb migrated to this country in 1742. The late Gen. Alexander Macomb will be recollected by numbers who are not yet old. Many who never heard of the family are familiar with the dam, and bridge across the Harlem at Eighth avenue, which have given the name a local fame. Further on the road approaches VAN CORTLANDT station, 5 miles from 155th street, and 43 minutes from Wall street (by express trains). Here in the vicinity is the an- cient Van Cortlandt estate, embracing about 1,200 acres of land, and still in the possession of a family famous in colo- nial annals, and bearing an honored name in revolutionary and subsequent civil history. The mansion house is well located on a knoll or hill bordering the "vale of Yonkers" on the west. v In front of it flows the well-known Tippett's brook, or Moshulu of the Indians. The first owner of this estate was Jacobus Van Cortlandt, claiming descent from the dukes of Courland in Russia, who thereafter settled in Holland. Jacobus married a daughter of Frederick Filipse, of the manor of Phillipsburgh. His son Frederick took for wife a scion of the Huguenot, Augustus Jay. As Jacobus was possessed of land in the town of Bedford, the fact of the present Jay family owning a fine estate in that quarter is easily accounted for. Col. James Van Cortlandt resided, during the revolutionary troubles, in the family mansion above described, in 1 Old ' or ' Lower ' Yonkers. He is re- 9 presented as extending much relief to bis suffering country- men, oft^n interceding with the British authorities in their behalf when robbed of property ; his character was such that he seldom pleaded in vain. The Van Cortlandts and Jays have added lustre to the annals of this country, and their surviving descendants have no mean task set before them to keep it untarnished. We are offering just about here properties considered very desirable, in view of both situation and price. The next station is SOUTH YONKERS, eight miles from 155th street, and 45 minutes from Wall street (by express trains); it is also two miles from Mount Vernon on the Harlem Railroad. A branch road to Getty Square will soon be constructed, beginning at Van Cor landt station, three miles south — the right of way having been obtained and paid for. Meantime a free passenger line connects all trains, stopping at South Yonkers, with the Getty House. We have fine acre properties for sale near the station. The number of inhabitants in the city of Yonkers at the date of the last census was about 20,000. Its develop- ment was greatly aided by the completion of the Hudson River Railroad, something more than 30 years ago. Owing to its healthful and favored location, as well as proximity to New Y'ork, its population has increased and continues to increase with rapidity; a large proportion belongs to the wealthy and thrifty class of citizens. The water facilities of the Nepperan, or Saw-mill creek, which here enters the Hudson, have led to the multiplication of factories, some of them, such as the hat, carpet, silk and woolen industries, employing hundreds of hands. IO The word Yonkers (Jonkheer), is of Dutch origin, signi- fying 'young gentleman,' being a common appellation for the heir of a Dutch family. The name Nepperan, now generally applied to the Saw-mill River, is a variation of the larger Indian name as found in grants of land made to the Dutch in this town. The name was also given to the Mohegan village once located near the mouth of that stream : it means " rapid water settlement? The Dutch West India Company purchased lands in. this town from native Indian sachems as early as 1639. The next grantee under the Indians, 1646, was the illustrious Adrian Van der Donck, the first lawyer of eminence who settled in the Nieu Netherlands • he was educated at the University of Leyden. The justly celebrated Frederick Filipse, or, in plain Eng- lish. Frederic Phillips, the proprietor of the superb manor — especially would it be so considered if owned by one person now — extending from Spuyten Duyvil to Croton River, and touching the Bronx at one point, was by far the most con- spicuous figure among the land owners in these parts during the early colonial period. He acquired all of this magnifi- cent property — mostly from native owners — between the years 1672 and 1700. Near the mouth of the Pocantico creek in Sleepy Hollow, as will be related more in detail further on, he built a "castle," between the years 1681-3, which was for a time his favorite place of residence. At about the same date he constructed, in the present city of Yonkers, the well-known " Manor Hall," now used for mu- nicipal purposes, and of course somewhat modernized, where the 'lords of the manor,' his descendants, continued to live down to the time of the revolution. The then heir of the same name being a tory, the estate was confiscated, 1779, 1 1 and thereafter sold in parcels. Life in the Phillips' manor houses in those days was somewhat unique. The tenantry paid their rent on fixed days twice a year — some at Yonkers and others at Sleepy Hollow, according to convenience. The lords were quite generous on these occasions and en- tertained the hard-working tillers of the soil with a liberal spread ; as well they might with an abundance of good things at hand and some 30 white and 20 colored (slave) servants about the establishment. Sometimes individual tenants being found short of funds were allowed to pay in kind : which means, they turned in a few fat fowls, a load of cabbages, or a cord of wood, as the case might be. Mary Phillips, born in 1730, at Manor Hall, and a daughter of the then lord of the manor with the full stereo- type name, was beautiful and accomplished enough to cap- tivate the attention — some think the affections — of no less a person than Col. Washington, of Virginia. The colonel met her in New York in 1756, at the house of her brother- in-law, Beverly Robinson, and might have pressed his suit thereafter had opportunity permitted. If the Father of his country had espoused Mary Phillips, who would venture to say that history, as now written, might not require material revision. But Miss Phillips was won by Col. Roger Morris, one of Gen. Braddock's three aids in the affair at Monon- gahela River — the other two being Robert Orme and Geo. Washington. Mrs. Morris and her sisters — Mrs. Robinson and Mrs. Inglis — who were equal heirs of the Phillips estate when it passed under the ban of the State Commissioners of Forfeiture, were outlawed — being probably the only females attainted of treason during the revolutionary struggle. Sub- sequently the Attorney-General of England, after examin- ing the case, gave an opinion to the effect, that the rever- 12 sionary right of the children (heirs) of these ladies survived the act of attainder and was recoverable under the princi- ples of equity. In 1809 John Jacob Astor, with his accus- tomed shrewdness, purchased the reversionary interest for the round sum of $100,000. Nineteen years afterwards he compromised with the State of New York, which had long before divided and sold the Phillips estate, for $500,000. The finances of the city of Yonkers are gradually settling down to a sound and healthy basis. Under prudent manage- ment the large debt incurred a few years since for public improvements — chiefly avenues radiating to important points, and the present efficient system of water works — has melted away to such an extent as no longer to appal the taxpayer, or repel liberal investments of outside capital. The act making the city and town limits identical, has been attended with good results. The next station on the Northern road is NORTH YONKERS, eleven miles from 155th street, 51 minutes from Wall street (by express trains), and about two miles from Getty Square. The railroad line having passed from the vale of Tippett's brook into that of the Sprain, a clear and rapid stream abounding in trout, here enters through a natural opening in the ridge into the valley of the Nepperan. The future possibilities of this locality are apparent to the observer at first sight. To the east southeast stretches a fine macada- mized drive to Tuckahoe, on the Harlem Railroad, about two and a quarter miles. The same avenue continues down the east side of the Nepperan valley into the heart of Yon- kers. About three-quarters of a mile south of the station is met the head of the column of factories steadily advanc- 13 ing up the valley. The conformation of the Nepperan basi-i is at all points admirably suited for manufacturing indus- tries — especially those requiring an abundance of water for other purposes than motive power. The time cannot, therefore, be very far distant when the line of factories will have reached North Yonkers station and started on its pro- gressive march further up the valley. We are prepared to supply those disposed to work this rich placer of profitable investment with some of the most desirable property in the neighborhood. In particular, we offer in one tract 200 acres of choice ridge land, south of the depot. All this ground can be sub-divided at pleasuref forming lots and beautiful sites, in which there is a wide speculative margin above the prices asked. Also, we have about three hundred acres, immediately north of depot, with water front; no finer property in the State. Directly west of North Yonkers are the superbly located and elegant mansions of J. B. Colgate, J. B. Trevor, C. J. Lilienthal and Samuel J. Tilden — that of the latter being known as " Graystone," late the Waring property. To the east of North Yonkers are the attractive residences of Sheriff Courter and Alderman Hicks, and many others of like prominence. NEPPERAN VALLEY. After leaving North Yonkers the railroad traverses this valley for a distance of eight miles, leaving it at East Tarry- town ; and a charming vale it is, too. Flanking it on the left is a range of elevated hills usually crowned with woods, and often rising with steep and rocky sides. At several points the summit line bends more or less downwards — suf- ficiently so to make travel across it not difficult. Near Elmsford and East Tarry town this line almost touches the bottom of the valley, permitting easy approach to Irvington and Tarrytown. On the right the view is bounded by much cultivated land sloping from the top of the ridge to the creek, embracing many fine farms and eligible sites of all sorts for country seats and cottages. The highway fol- lows the base of the eastern slope: and often in Revolution ary days the contiguous woods resounded with the clatter of hoofs, as the Cowboys and Skinners swept along its course, pursuing and pursued. The first station above North Yon- kers is ODELLS, fifty-seven minutes from Wall street (by express trains), and thirteen miles from 155th street. This locality lies nearly east of Hastings-on-Hudson, to which a highway leads over a depression of the hill : the distance to Broadway is about one and a half miles. Near here on the east are the resi- dences of Mr. Adolph Lemoyne, Benj. Odell and Jas. Pyle ; to the west lies the 'elegant property of the estate of the late Thos. Le Boutillier. At Hastings are the fine estates of the late Dudley Field, E. B. Strange and Robert Min- turn. It would be impossible to mention here the names of all the owners of attractive country seats between Kings- bridge and Tarrytown, with which this section is continu- ously studded. The area extending from Tarrytown to Dobb's Ferry, of which Irvington and immediate vicinity is the keystone, is said to contain more elegant and costly villas than any other equal distance on the western hemis- phere. We have for sale at or near Odell's several farms varying in number of acres, embracing villa sites embellished with 15 ample foliage, and commanding good views from an ele- vated position. The station next above is that of ASHFORD, sixty minutes from Wall street (by express trains), and 15 miles from 155th street. Here we also have for sale very desirable pieces of property of much the same description as at Odell's, though aggregating many more acres. It is in this neighborhood that the wizard hand of Mr. Cyrus W. Field has transformed the old-time aspect of the landscape, through the potent agency of that modern genie — a well filled purse. Mr. Field owns 600 or 700 acres of valuable land, extending from Broadway, on the west, to and across the Nepperan valley on the east. On this property, within a few years, he has expended a large sum of money. He raised quite a breeze at one time among the owners of real estate fronting on the Hudson hereabouts on the subject of malaria, many claiming that he had been instrumental i n giving a false impression as to its general prevalence in all that section ; whereas the truth was, finding this subtle dis- order to be lurking on a part of his premises he had simply rooted it out — to the great benefit of his neighbors, as well as himself. From Ashford a good road leads over the hill to Dobb's Ferry, a distance of 1^ miles ; a free stage, now running between the latter village and Ashford, is quite well patronized. To the east of Ashford are the farms and country seats of Mr. Isaac Odell, Christopher Meyer, Robert Somerville and many others ; on the west, towards Dobb's Ferry, and east of the post road, on elevated ground, are the fine country seats of Cyrus W. Field, J. J. Macomb Henry Viilard, William A. Cole and Frederick J. Stone. 1 6 Mr. Villard has thirty or forty acres of lawn and other ground which he is bringing into a high state of cultivation and ornamentation, his aim being to develop this property, as he is accustomed to do everywhere, in such a way that it may add to the value of his neighbor's acres as well as his own. Mr. Macomb has also expended much money in beautifying his country seat, as well as Mr. Stone and many others who are improving and embellishing this location. ELMSFORD, late Hall's Corners, is one hour 5 minutes from Wall street (by express trains), and 18 miles from 155th street. This is one of the most central and important points on the Northern road. It lies on the line of the well-known thor- oughfare between Tarrytown and White Plains, being about 2y 2 miles distant from either place. The usual ridge lying on the east of the Nepperan valley is here depressed and spread out in fine rolling land. On the west southwest is " Beaver Mountain." an exceptionally high wooded hill of historic fame, where from its heights can be seen the Sound and Hudson River. We have for sale more than 1,000 acres, with improve- ments, within one mile of the station, at prices which can- not but insure large profits to purchasers. Near the station, on the north, is a venerable elm which has given name to the place. The diameter of its trunk is hardly less than five feet at twice that distance from the ground, where it sends forth a number of massive limbs marked by the graceful curves observed in the habit of that variety of tree when having freedom of growth. A few rods south of the station is the GreenburgVDutch Reformed church, whose »7 weather beaten appearance speaks of advancing age ; the frame is said to have been erected 115 years ago. In the graveyard adjoining stands an unpretentious monument of marble erected to the memory of Isaac Van Wart, one of the captors of Major Andre. Mr. Van Wart died in 1828, and this testimony to his services was contributed and set up by the citizens of Westchester county in June of the following year; Gen. Aaron Ward, of Sing Sing, was the orator of the day. The stone is badly tarnished and should be cleaned. John Paulding, another of the captors, lies buried in St. Peter's churchyard, two miles north of Peeks- kill, where a monument was erected to his memory by the corporation of the city of New York, in 1827. The tomb of David Williams, the third captor, is in Schoharie county, where he lived during his later years. On the ridge, northeast of Elmsford, is located the " Four Corners," or " Young's burnt house." The buildings were used as a post for detachments of American troops during most of the Revolutionary war. In February, 1780, a force of patriots under Col. Thompson was there attacked by about 1,000 British soldiers. Col. Thompson surrendered to superior numbers after a loss of 50 men killed or wounded ; the buildings were then fired and consumed. " Twitching's Corners " lies about three miles north, at the extremity of the ridge in that direction. Near the road leading from Elmsford to White Plains are the grounds formerly used by the Westchester County Agri- cultural Society. The property is now owned by W. D. Warren, Esq., of New York city, who has greatly improved it ; he makes it his place of summer residence. An excel- lent halt mile driving track is included in these grounds. White Plains was the scene of an important movement of 18 the Revolutionary armies. Gen. Howe, with a large British force, moved from Throgg's Neck, on the Sound, and ad- vanced on Gen. Washington's position at White Plains about the 28th of October, 1776. The American General occupied a square fort of earth and sods in the main street, with lateral breastworks extending east and west to some distance. A considerable detachment was posted on an elevation in advance of and to the right of his line, called Chatterton Hill. This was assailed by the enemy, and, after a severe struggle, captured. During the following night and one or two succeeding ones Gen. Washington com- pleted his intrenchments, and held the British at bay until the 31st, when he withdrew to a new and stronger fortified position, about one mile to the north. It is the opinion of some military critics that if Gen. Howe had attacked Washington's main army on the 28th, instead of the force on Chatterton's Hill, the American commander must have been defeated; as, not only were his works imperfect, but he was much inferior to the enemy both in numbers, and discipline. White Plains is some four miles distant from the Rye lakes, a favorite resort for anglers in this section ; their waters abound in black bass and other toothsome fish. West by south from Elmsford is the large property of Mr. Alfred Brady, comprising a summer residence and farm of 250 acres. To the east of the valley is a fine farm belong- ing to the estate of the late Henry Worthington ; on ele- vated ground his widow is erecting a neat stone chapel. The Wm. H. Aspinwall estate borders this part of the valley on the east. The distance from Elmsford to Broadway (post road) west is some two miles. At the junction of these two roads, in a northeast direction, lies the country seat of ex-Gov. 19 Pa^e, of Vermont, lately purchased from Lewis Roberts, Esq. On the southeast are the elegant grounds and man- sion of Mr. Bainbridge S. Clark. Just opposite here is the superb property of Mr. Robert Hoe, extending from the post road to the Hudson River. Next south of Mr. Hoe is the finely located country seat of Mr. Frank Vincent. A little north and east can be seen the elegant country seats of Charles Schietiin, Robert Sewall, S. C. Lewis, Peter Hoe, John Daniels, C. S. Buchanan, and others of like prominence. Dr. Barron is the present owner of the "Benedict place,' on White Plains avenue. Half way between Elmsford and Tarrytown is the attractive country seat of Mr. Wra. H. Webb, lately known as the " Mitchell place." Capt. Casey, of the Seventh (New York) regiment, also has a fine residence nearer Tarrytown, fronting on the above road. On the west side of Broadway, nearer Irving- ton than Tarrytown, is the entrance to " Lyndhurst," the princely seat of Mr. Jay Gould. Mr. Gould owns 500 to 600 acres of land hereabouts, some of it reaching nearly to the Nepparan valley; a portion of it was bought very recently. The great railway king is rival- ing Mr. Field in the amount of money expended on his property here. He drains and levels, clears and fertilizes land and builds fences, believing investments thus made to be at least as good as railway stocks. His magnificent con- servatory, just rebuilt on the ruins of the former one re- cently burned, is probably unsurpassed in the country for rare and costly specimens of exotic plants. A little south of Mr. Gould's is the world-renowned Sunnyside, the home of the late Washington Irving; it is a favor- ite drive with visitors in this neighborhood. In Christ (Episcopal) church, Tarrytown, may be seen a mural tablet 20 perpetuating his memory ; his mortal remains lie in Sleepy Hollow cemetery. Near Irvington and east of Broadway, Albert Bierstadt and Mr. Gurnee, the banker, have elegant country seats on very elevated ground. Leaving Elmsford, the railroad continues up the quiet Nepperan valley, bordered on the right by much excellent farming land. At the point where the line turns to cross the ridge separating this valley from that of the Pocantico, is located the station of EAST TARRYTOWN, twenty miles from 155th street, and one hour 8 minutes (by express trains) from Wall street. Here we have to offer, near the depot, several good farms with fair improve- ments, at prices and upon terms to suit. About one mile due east, on very high ground, is the somewhat famous stud farm of Mr. Robert Bonner, of the New York Ledger. There is nothing very striking about the appearance of this property, which includes some 120 acres of fine rolling land ; but while the improvements are anything else than showy, they are well adapted to the owner's purpose. A few rods from the highway is seen a neat though unpreten- tious farm house, where his employees are quartered ; and a little distance further back are several modest looking horse stables, supplied with all modern conveniences. Here some of the finest trotting stock on the continent may be found, aggregating in value much more than $100,000. Just in the rear of the stables is the three-quarter mile track, which is the exercise and training ground of the fleet animals, and is said to be the fastest course of its length in the country. The owner has summered as many as 125 head of horses here, but the number is less now. 21 while it is also more select. Mr. Bonner may often be seen at Tarrytown, alighting from the early afternoon train of the Hudson River road, where one of his men usually meets him with a rather indifferent looking vehicle drawn by a pair of equally indifferent horses — for he is not in the habit of showing his best stock on the country highways. Bent on his favorite pastime he does not altogether present the aspect a lively fancy would assign to him as editor and proprietor of a prominent weekly paper. Sometimes he spends a full day at his farm, and is often accompanied by one or more friends. From the elevated grounds of Mr. Bonner's farm may be seen the elegant country seat and farm of Mr. Robert M. Knapp, to the southwest ; also in full view from the railroad. Just beyond the East Tarrytown station the range of hills which shuts in the Nepperan valley on the west is in- tersected by a deep fissure or pass, which makes travel hence to Tarrytown comparatively easy. Near, this point the road bed was formerly carried over the chasm on a tres- tle work, 800 feet in length and 82 feet high. In order both to avoid this lofty aerial traveling of doubtful safety, and to tap the productive traffic of the village of Tarrytown the railroad company recently altered the grade of the line, making, at the same time, a detour in the shape of a horseshoe (or loop). The next stopping place is known as TARRYTOWN, twenty-one miles from 155th street, and one hour and ten minutes (express trains) from Wall street. This station is conveniently situated on Main street, only one-half mile from the center of the village, with which connection is made to and from all trains by a free line of stages. Tarry- 22 town station, as well as that of North Tarry town, about half a mile further on, is within a few minutes walk of Wil- son, or Mount Andre park, which contains several fine country seats, among them those of Wm. S. Wilson, Francis Brown, Gen. Edward Coles, H. A. Grant, Jr., and the ex- Mayor Kingsland Estate, and some of which we have for sale. The view of the Hudson River and Rockland county stretching from Mount Dunderbergh to Yonkers, afforded by the elevation of this park as well as of the ridge ad- joining it on the north and south, is unsurpassed for extent and beauty. Some of the most attractive villas in Mount Andre park we have for sale, while others are of- fered for rent furnished, for the Summer season. There are also in this neighborhood many eligible sites for elegant homes, or plainer residences, unexcelled in respect to view, suited to the taste and pocket of the purchaser. Several plots cf land varying in size from ten to seventy- five acres, and ranging in price from $500 to $5,000 per acre, accord- ing to location and improvements — can be purchased through us in the vicinity. South of Mount Andre park is a conspicuous structure, formerly known as " Herrick's Castle," presenting a fine example of the genuine feudal architecture of that class of edifices. This frowning castle is now the property of A. ,S. Hatch, Esq., of New York. Near the park, on McKeel avenue, is the highly improved country seat of Mr. John H. Hall. The advantages offered by Tarrytown and its suburbs to those proposing to locate on the banks of the Hudson are not surpassed by any other place ; among them are the fol- lowing: Two railroads with frequent and rapid trains; several steamboats plying up and down the river ; a ferry to Nyack ; a macadamized road (Albany post) to New 2 3 York ; streets well shaded ; ample supply of artesian water; healthy situation ; society select, but not exclusive. The historical and literary associations of the localky are too well-known to call for more than a brief allusion. The monument to the ' Capture of Andre,' rebuilt and greatly improved in 1880, can be closely scanned in a drive or walk along Broadway. The shaft is surmounted by a life size bronze statue representing a yeoman of the revolution- ary period (John Paulding), bearing a musket and powder horn. The statue was a gift of the late John Anderson. Sleepy Hollow cemetery is a conspicuous burying ground crowning the summit of a hill along whose base flows the Pocantico — an Indian name meaning " a run between two hills" Old landmarks are quite thick in this immediate neighborhood. The road leading to the cemetery crosses the Pocantico over a high bridge made famous by Irving's genius. It is the identical spot where Ichabod Crane met his Waterloo at the hands of the " headless horseman.' Be- low the bridge the creek expands into a mill pond, and within a stone's throw of the dam, on the north side, is situated a building whose walls studded with loop holes formed a part of the celebrated " Castle," erected by Fred- eric Phillips, about 168 1-3; the castle, so called, was the first house built in Tarwe (signifying grain) town. At that time sea-going vessels could land within a few rods of Mr. Phillips mansion. The renovated (?) castle is now one of several adjoining country seats belonging to the estate of the late ex-Mayor Kingsland. The " Old Dutch Church," erected by the same Phillips in 1699, is only a stone's throw from the famous bridge above described, and is better preserved than the manor house. The stone walls are still there en- tire, also the bell cast in Holland, bearing the date of 1685, 24 and an inscription in Latin, which, being translated, reads : If God be for us, who can be against us. The ancient communion table and silver service are also extant and highly valued by the First Reformed Church of the village — to whom these relics and the edifice belong — as well as by the citizens generally ; the brick used in the construction of the castle and church was brought from Holland. Sleepy Hollow, immortalized in Irving's popular legend, extends from the Pocantico bridge, for a distance of three or four miles up that stream. The middle portion, con- taining the Ichabod Crane school-house, is approached from the village of Tarrytown through a lateral valley from another direction, and is considered by the residents of Tarrytown to be the real, genuine Hollow. It is only two or three Summers ago when an incident occurred in the Hollow that deeply moved its ancient in- habitants, while it also revived memories of the ' headless horseman.' As this singular occurrence has not been much spoken of outside of the valley, it may not be amiss to in- sert here the following description of it as penned at the time : " On a certain dark night, about nine o'clock, the clatter of hoofs was heard, as of a steed advancing up the road at a rattling pace. As the sounds approached their dwellings, the honest burghers hastened to the doors and peered forth into the darkness, thinking to see a runaway horse. But their surprise was great when they beheld what seemed like a terrible centaur, with a shaggy mane streaming behind — so much being dimly visible from the light shed by the flaming torch which it carried. The monster swept by like a flash, but the echoes awakened among the hills had scarce- 25 ]y died away in the direction of Hart's ice-pond, when it was heard returning, and again it struck terror to the hearts of the spectators as it vanished in the darkness. The hour of midnight arrived before the Sleepless Hollowites repaired to their beds, on which they tossed about till daylight. The strange apparition was the talk of the neighborhood all the next day and for several days. When the subject had become a little stale the same performance, with varia- tions, was repeated on another dark night ; and so it went on at intervals for some time. The sluggish inhabitants at length began to be moved by curiosity as well as apprehen- sion — for the goblin would play such annoying pranks as leaping a door yard fence, while the family was sitting on the porch, career around the house and vault back into the road ; tear through corn-fields, to the great detriment of the roasting ears ; plow through pickle patches and take a tilt at the cattle, putting them to flight helter skelter. The wrath of the settlers in the valley at length began to gather and take shape. They determined to solve this mystery at all hazards, and actually assembled at a given hour, armed with pitch-forks and rusty muskets. Many nights in suc- cession they watched, but the spectre has never since made the darkness of a Sleepy Hollow night hideous by its pres- ence. Whether it got an inkling of the warm reception promised by the valorous burghers, has not been clearly as- certained. Some non-superstitious people have hinted that if this ' imp of darkness ' could have been overhauled and critically examined, there would have been revealed a young man of waggish propensities mounted on a fleet horse, clad in a buffalo robe with long streamers attached — and carry- ing a non-sulphurous torch." The station of 26 NORTH TARRYTOWN is one hour and twelve minutes from Wall street (express trains) and twenty-two miles from 155th. Here we have fine country seats for sale, and also very desirable vacant property to suit. This station is in the village of the same name, which adjoins Tarrytown on the north. Near the station is a very high eminence, level at the top, and a prominent object of vision from steamboats passing on the Hudson. This lofty hill, known as " Cakeout," is a part of 40 or 50 acres of some of the finest sloping land to be found on the line of the road : it is part of the Abram D. Stephens estate, whose late owner was one of the old and respected citizens of North Tarrytown. On the west of this property are the residences of Mr. McLane and Mr. Hawes, respec- tively president and cashier of the Greenwich National Bank, of New York. The next station is, TARRYTOWN HEIGHTS, one hour and fifteen minutes from Wall street (express trains) and 23 miles from 155th street. From the Nepper- an valley the road has been traveling up an ascending grade, via the 'loup,' to a commanding elevation 100 feet higher. Here is an extensive plateau, with commanding views, some- what uneven, about 500 feet above the level of the Hudson, entirely healthly, and which, in all probability, will be rapidly settled in the early future. Already the immediate neighbor- hood is embellished with the residences of such well-known gentlemen as Judge Noah Davis, G. P. Lowerv, Col. Church, of the Arjny and Navy Gazette, Lewis Roberts, Col. Chas. Stone and Geo. W. Parsons. There is a spacious and well conducted hotel about one-half mile from the station. We are offering for sale plots of ground varying in extent from 27 the ordinary building lot to 50 acres, embracing many choice locations, at prices to suit. Two or three desirable country seats and a fair assortment of dwellings can also be purchased. A company of capitalists having ample means is about to construct some 30 dwellings, attractive in style and equipment, within easy reach of the station ; the plan also embraces a commodious hotel. The several buildings will illustrate the Queen Anne style of architecture. This grow- ing hamlet is not deformed by old and unsightly buildings ; on the contrary, all its structures being new and -tasty, have, and will continue to have, a fresh and pleasing look. After leaving the heights the railroad descends to the valley of the Pocantico, which it follows to Merritt's Corners, a dis- tance of 7 miles. The next station is WHITSON'S, one hour and 25 minutes from Wall street (by express trains), and 27 miles from 155th street. This place lies in the midst of a broad valley, in which there is much good farming land. We have several of these farms for sale, varying in size and price. A comfortable stage connects this station with Sing Sing and Pleasantville, twice a day ; the distance to Hudson River Railroad at the former place is about three miles. The next station north is MERRITT'S CORNERS, one hour and 30 minutes from Wall street, and 30 miles from 155th street. Here we also have for sale desirable properties near the station, at very reasonable prices and on easy terms. Close to the station, on the southeast, rises a remarkable conical hill, visible up and down the valley for miles. A few rods west of the station, at the junction of four roads, is a stone tavern formerly known as Sarle's 28 now Merritt's. During the later years of the life of the Hon. Horace Greeley his custom was to vote here at all general elections, his country residence being then in Chap- paqua, three miles distant. It was somewhat curious to see him at such times, mingling on easy terms with the sturdy farmers of his neighborhood, who seemed to regard him with less awe and far less dread than many political pretenders who were pitilessly scourged in the columns of the Tribune. A quaint story is still current hereabouts, tending to illustrate the qualities of the heart of the great editor, rather than his penetrative faculty. One day, soon after the close of the War of the Rebellion, when the wearers of the blue army overcoat were more frequently seen on our streets than they now are, Mr. Greeley was at- tending the polls at Merritt's Corners, and observing a war worn veteran who was engaged in performing a public duty with his ballot, just as he had previously done with his mus- ket, he called the man of blue aside, and, placing in his hand a dollar note, remarked that his custom was, on such occasions, to present to every soldier he met the above sum to pay for his dinner. The ex-member of the " Army of the Potomac" of course thanked the donor, and passed on. This occurrence having been made known to the friends of the lucky recipient, in a short space of time about a dozen persons " a-wearing of the blue " — although there was but one bona fide soldier on the ground — appeared in turn within range of the good Mr. Greeley's vision, and severally bore away their dollar. It would be impossible to say how long this kind of thing might have lasted had not the philosopher at length reached the bottom of his pocket. About one mile south of Merritt's, on the head waters of the Pocantico, is a small but attractive sheet of water known 2 9 as Echo Lake. It is well stocked with pickerel, rock bass, white perch and clouders, and is a favorite resort of pic- nickers. This lake could be profitably utilized for ice cut- ting to supply especially that part of New York city lying adjacent to the Northern road and its connections. The ice would require to be hauled less than a quarter of a mile over an easy road to the cars. We have this property for sale, or it can be rented. It consists of about fifty acres of mostly rough land, much of it bearing a crop of young tim ber of several years' growth, including a few acres of arable land, and the lake, which covers some half a dozen acres. A little more than half a mile from this lake, in a south- east direction, is located the once celebrated Chappaqua spring ; it supplies a chalybeate, or iron impregnated water, containing excellent medicinal properties. The surround- ing scenery is wild and picturesque, and has always been much admired. During the period, 40 to 60 years ago the Chappaqua spring enjoyed a wide local reputation, attracting many visitors from distances as far as twenty miles, aftfl even from New York. The hotel having been burned many years since, it ceased to attract attention, and was superceded by other more accessible resorts. Many cures are recorded of scrofulous and skin diseases, and to-day some of the neighboring residents drive miles to procure the water, to be used chiefly as a tonic. By the completion of the Northern Railroad the full development of this prop- erty is made possible — it being only one-half mile distant from the road. We have it for sale, and describe it as in- cluding about 50 acres of rough woodland, of no value, however, for farming. At the present time this property can be bought at a very reasonable price j and should an enterprising person take hold of it, it ought to become a 30 very profitable investment. Doubtless the proper course would be to erect a hotel and make it a resort for pleasure seekers, as well as for invalids. The short distance of this spring from New York would be much in its favor. The configuration of the valley of the Pocantico at Merntt's Corners is somewhat noticeable, inasmuch as it continues straight on to Croton Lake, miles dis- tant, though the drainage waters flow in opposite directions. Although the bottom of the valley, at this precise point, is about ninety feet above the lake, the fact is not necessarily adverse to the theory of some, that the Croton River once flowed through the Po- cantico valley, emerging at Tarrytown. Upheavals and depressions of the underlying strata may account for it. At all events, between this station and the lake are frequent and large banks of gravel and sand which have unquestion- ably been deposited there by the action of a considerable body of water at a remote period. The next station is CROTON LAKE SOUTH, o le hour and thirty-five minutes from Wall street, (by ex- press trains), and 32 miles from 155th street. We have at this place for sale about 200 acres of land, some of it front- ing on the lake, with good views, and well improved. A large portion can be sub-divided as desired, while the whole is held at rates extremely moderate. Near the station 'Than'l Cornell's famous trout brook en- ters the lake ; it has followed the general line of the railroad for more than a mile back. This stream has long abounded with speckled beauties, but its owner, whose extensive farm encloses it from beginning to end, does not permit the pub- lic to whip it at pleasure. Near his home in the valley he 3' has a spacious trout pond, formed by building a five hun- dred dollar dam across the clear, sparkling stream. Here many of his declining days are pleasantly spent, in company of his devoted wife, drawing fish of fabulous weight from the cool, pellucid depths. The railroad crosses the lake over an iron bridge 70 feet above the water, and nearly 400 in length. The view from this eminence is extensive and fine, commanding a range of the Croton valley, up and down, for many miles. Among the special objects on which the eye rests are "Turkey Mountain" and Pines bridge — the latter a solid structure of iron and wood, for highway travel, spanning the lake further east. After crossing the bridge the cars stop at CROTON LAKE NORTH, about one mile distant fiom the station south, and 1 hour 39 minutes from Wall street (express trains). The land just here is elevated, much of it 150 feet above the lake, and eligibly situated for residences of all kinds, including summer hotels and cottages, as well as for farming. Here we have for sale over 500 acres contiguous to the station, at living rates ; and it may be safely affirmed that there is no similar tract of land on the line of this road having a finer location. Croton lake is a splendid sheet of water occupying the former bed and adjacent valley of the river for a distance of six miles from the dam. Just beyond its upper terminus Cross and Muscoot rivers add their volume to the Croton's waters. The former takes its rise in the lake of the same name and the three Waccabucs, all situated near the Con- necticut line. The latter lakes possess some grand views, and rival, if. indeed, they do not excel, the best features of 32 Mahopac. The Muscoot has for its sources lakes Kirk and Mahopac and the two Mohansics. The old Pine's bridge, removed in 1840, was located about three quarters of a mile east of the present one of the same name. It was much used during the Revolutionary war for the passage of troops, and was usually guarded by the American forces. Major Andre crossed it on his way towards the British lines, which he never reached. Near Pine's bridge are several fine residences, having beautiful views of the lake. About one and a quarter miles west of the railroad bridge is the Croton dam, a structure too well known to the public by pen and pencil to need special notice here. It will be suf- ficient to add that the view hereabouts is worth a drive of many miles to see. Mr. Fernando Wood, son of the former ex-Mayor, is and has been for years the efficient and. trust- worthy superintendent of the lake. He takes pleasure in offering all possible facilities to those visiting these parts for sight-seeing ; his residence is just below the dam. Croton lake abounds in fish sought after by anglers, but is chiefly celebrated for black bass ; white perch and yellow bass are often taken in quantities. Pine's bridge is a good fishing ground, the water there being twenty-five feet in depth. After leaving the lake the railroad turns gradually to the west and skirts Turkey mountain, along a romantic vale, till it enters one of the garden-spots of Westchester county, where is the station of YORKTOWN, one hour and 46 minutes from Wall street (express trains) and 37 miles from 155th street. In this vicinity is the site of the house of Isaac Underhill, where Andre and Joshua H. Smith breakfasted at an early hour on the morning of 33 the former's capture at Tarrytown. About one and a half miles west of the station are the two Mohansic lakes, well stocked with fine varieties of fish. They were formerly known as Cromponds, a name supposed to be derived from the Dutch — crom meaning crooked ; but neither is particu- larly crooked. On French hill, an eminence south of the lakes, was encamped for a time the French army under Count Rochambeau, in 1 781-2. The larger Mohansic is a fine body of water, covering about 200 acres. The Presby- terian parsonage, at Crompond — a village one mile north- west of the lake — used during the Revolutionary war by the Yorktown Committee of Public Safety, was burned by a detachment of British soldiers. Yorktown, like many other places with exceptional ad- vantages, has a promising future. Already it is a thriving little place, with stores and several cottages near the station. Among the principal residents in this vicinity are Mr. Henry Chamberlain and Col. Nicholas E. Payne, both lawyers of New York city. Col. Payne has a fine farm and country seat ; also reside here Mr. Silas Whitney and Mr. Edward Underhill, the latter an especially large farmer. At and around Yorktown station we have for sale some choice farms and other property, well located and highly desirable as profitable investments. Passing on to the north, the railroad continues to traverse a rich agricultural region, in the midst of which is located the Quaker settlement of AMAWALK, one hour and 49 minutes from Wall Street (express trains) and 38 miles from 155th street. This name is a corruption of an Indian term applied to the east portion of 34 Yorktown, being part of the lands originally granted to Stephanus Van Cortlandt by three Mohegan chief*. We have some excellent farms near the station which can be bought for very reasonable prices. The station next beyond is WEST SOMERS, one hour 53 minutes from Wall street, and 39 miles from 155th street. We have farms here for sale every way de- sirable for settlement or investment. Somers village, 2 J miles east of this point, is the focus of a beautiful tract of country thickly settled and highly cultivated. One of its principal features is the celebrated " Elephant Hotel," long ago established by Hackaliah Bailey, the owner of the first elephant imported and exhibited in this country. The next station, situated on pretty high ground, is the BALDWIN PLACE, two hours from Wall street (express trains) and 42 miles from 155th street. We offer here, also, exceptionally good farms in a very healthy neighborhood. The road has now entered Putnam county, a section famous for its natural lakes and picturesque scenery. A short distance beyond Baldwin's a branch of the Harlem Railroad is crossed, and we approach the station at LAKE MAHOPAC, two hours, 8 minutes from Wall street (express trains) and 44 miles from 155th street. This large and beautiful sheet of water has long been a favorite resort for summer guests, and its popularity is still maintained, despite the multiplica- tion of watering places within easy reach of New York. A new hotel is already projected to accommodate the over- 35 flow of visitors. The Thompson House, which is the largest and best equipped, has capacity for about 350 boarders. The "Coles" House and Dean's are also well patronized, as also the " Carpenter." A leading amusement of the guests is boating. From morning till night row boats may be seen darting in all directions, many of them propelled by the graceful but vigorous arms of ladies ; " when the gentle breezes blow " the surface of the lake is flecked with snowy sails. The people who usually frequent Mahopac are of the highest respectability, but, perhaps, not ultra fashionable : they come here for quiet and rational enjoy- ment. The fishing is good, and always has been. The name of this lake is strongly suggestive of Indian times ; and even long after the advent of the whites in this neigh- borhood, the bark canoe of the red man continued to glide over its waters. Several cottages and country seats look out from shady nooks along Mahopac's shores, but there is room for more, and we can supply comers with equally eligible sites, and also meet the views of any wanting farms fronting on the lake, or near it. Two railroads now carry passengers to and from the city, and if more advantages are desired than those afforded here, it will be hard to find them else- where. After leaving delightful Mahopac the railroad threads its way among the characteristic hills of "Old Put," presently arriving at another charming lake — Gleneida, on the northeasterly shore of which is located the county seat, and also station of CARMEL, two hours, 2 1 minutes from Wall street (express trains) and 49 miles from 155th street. This is a thriving village of over 1,000 inhabitants, made up of the bone and sinew of 36 the land, while it also contains many cultured people. Lake Gleneida, in whose favor too much can nardly be said, is about one mile in extreme length, bordered largely by sloping shores of highly improved land. There are many first-class farms about here, some of which we have for sale, as well as other descriptions of property. Carmel will be remembered as associated with the name of the late Daniel Drew, a quondam giant of Wall street. The deceased financier has left a worthy memorial in the shape of the Drew Female Seminary, liberally endowed by him. Putnam county is widely celebrated as the natal ground of such magnates among the originators of animal shows and circus rings, as Gerard Crane, John June, Lew Lent, Augevine, Titus and others, w T ho may truly be described as the fathers of this class of peripatetic exhibitions. Beyond Carmel is the station of TILLEY FOSTER. The country about heie is somewhat rough, with, how- ever, intervals of some good farming land. Quite an ex- tensive mine of magnetic iron ore, situated in this neigh- borhood, has long been worked with success. Beyond the Tilley Foster station the road crosses one of the great sto- rage reservoirs which supplement New York's supply of water in a dry season. The New York City & Northern road terminates at BREWSTER'S, a prominent stopping place on the Harlem Railroad, 53 miles from 155th street, and 2 hours 34 minutes from Wall street (express trains). Connection is here made, via Dan- bury, with the system of New England roads, thus forming another and favorite route onward to Boston. Brewster's 37 is all alive with enterprising business men, who, realizing its many advantages of position, have established themselves here and made permanent investments. We have at this point, and in the country around, also, farms and other desirable property for sale. THE FIRST-CLASS QUALITY OF THE ROAD. The management of every railroad may reasonably be expected to do three things, viz. : Provide for the safety, comfort and convenience of passengers. All these the New York City & Northern Railroad appears to have done, to the full satsfaction of its patrons. First. — The management has consulted their safety by constructing and maintaing a solid road-bed, furnished with steel rails, substantial bridges and a first-class equipment, with all modern improvements, including Miller's platforms, automatic air brakes, &c. Efficient and careful engineers, firemen, brakemen and conductors are employed to run the trains, and no others. Second. — The comfort of passengers has been consulted by the management, in providing polite and accomodating station agents and conductors, neat and elegant cars for transportation, warmed in the season by Baker heaters ; and by the ballasting of the track with stone to avoid the annoyance of dust ; already more than nine miles of the lower section of the road have been thus improved, and the work will continue to go on as fast as possible. Third. — The convenience of passengers has been con- sulted, not only in the promptness and regularity of the running of trains, but also by putting on more 'rains and in ,k expediting " them at a higher speed than the actual busi- 38 ness of the line has warranted. It is worthy of note that no accident has occurred to passengers during the year and a half the road has been in operation. A map will be found herewith, showing the various stations of the road, while a table containing the rates of commutation is also given. 43 Wc publish the following communication by per- mission of the author : Wm. H. Hoyt & Co., Gentlemen: — In compliance with your request for an ex- pressed opinion as to the sanitary condition of Westchester county — and especially as to that portion of it known as the Saw Mill River Valley, or the Valley of the Nepperhan, and heyond — I would say, it is an old county, full of historic inter- est, and, as everybody must know, for a hundred years or more has been considered sound and healthy. It seems to me free from natural causes of disease, and es- pecially so from those natural conditions of soil and drainage which cause the generation of miasma or malaria. It is undu- lating, with good opportunities for artificial drainage, and has good natural drainage in the Saw Mill River and the streams tributary thereto. It is free from rock beds just below or a few feet below the soil — one of the most prolific causes of malaria — and very generally free from a substratum of clay. Malaria seems to have extended itself in most every direction within the last few years, but doubtless has been greatly exag- gerated. Wherever it has shown itself up through the country under consideration I have no doubt it was chiefly, if not alto- gether, caused by the first work done in the construction of the road-bed of the N. Y. City & Northern R. R. There was no malarial fever known through this country before, and those who are acquainted with the facts will remember that a great amount of work was done, even to the extent of laying a large portion of the track. But it was done in an imperfect manner. The natural water courses were obstructed, there were an in- sufficient number of culverts, and then the construction was stopped and remained in this condition about seven years. Thus, for a long distance, at intervals, the Saw Mill River was dammed up, its natural flow obstructed and the inevitable re- sult the decomposition of vegetable matter along its banks. 44 Now, under the present management, when the road was finished, a large number of culverts were put in and other im- provements were made, not only to make the road safe and the road-bed what it should be, but to do away with anything detrimental to the country along the line of the road. The attention of the reader is also directed to improvements made by Mr. Cyrus W. Field in the town of Greenburgh, between Ashford and Elmsford stations, and with which the public is to a large extent familiar. The rapid growth of this great city is inevitably northward, and into Westchester county; and the desirability of the country is such that it seems to me, with the accomplished fact of the N. Y. City 6c Northern R. R. in full operation, mak- ing a continuous railroad line with rapid transit to and through the entire length of the city, it needs but to be better known to be largely sought for. Very truly yours, F. A. Utter, M. D., lOGth Street, bet. Boulevard and Riverside Drive, N. Y. City. Tickets for 50 or 100 Rides are sold at General Office of the Company, 71 Uroaitway, N. Y. STATIONS From 155th St. FROM and TO NEW YORK. Including Elevated Railroad Fare. Excursion Tickets are good for three days. J* 5 utJ Eu Morris Dock Fordham Heights. . Kings Bridge Van Cortlandt South Yonkers North Yonkers. . . . Odells Ashford , Elmsford East Tarrytown ... Tarrytewn North Tarrytown... Tarrytown Heights. Whitsons Merrits Corners .... Croton Lake (S.).... Croton Lake (N.).... Yorktown Amawalk West Somers (S. St.) Baldwin Place Lake Mahopac Crafts Carmel 11 15 2 00 1 Tilly Foster 1 20 2 00 I Rrewster '1 20 2 05 1 Mill Plain |1 40 1 1 (anbury 1 [awleyville. . . . Xewtown Sandy Hook . . . Southbury Southford Towantic Waterbury Terryville Bristol Forestville Plainville 9 5 1 10 . J* 10 10 15 $ 25 30 20 25 40 30 60 35 65 40 75! 45 80 45 80 45 80 45 80 60 1 05 70 1 15 75 1 35 80 1 45 90 1 65 95 1 75 1 1 05 1 90 I 1 05 1 90 1 1 05 1 90 1 1 05 2 00 1 '1 55 2 40 1 li 2 2 2 .. 2 15 .. 18 .. 18 .. 20 * 20 25 30 40 45 50 50 50 50 50 65 1 75 1 80 1 85 1 95 1 00 1 10 2 10 2 10 2 15 2 20 2 25 2 25 2 45 . 60 2 80 .. 85 .. K $1~30 1 50 1 50 75 to v 5 IVT3 5 81 |2 ho 3 00 3 75 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 7 8 45 $15 00 55 15 50 75 17 50 85 ! 00 00 ! 00 1 10 10 10 ... .. 15 $7 00 I 7 00 | 7 00 » 7 00-f 8 50o 9 90S 11 80S 26 50-o 26 50 § 26 50g 26 50 J $10 50 | 10 50 I 11 00 «S 12 00- 13 50 o 15 75 E 19 00j» 20 50 u 22 00 o 22 50-o 23 00 g 23 003 23 00 | 27 00 J 27 00 | 27 00^ 27 00- 32 00 o 36 00 £ 38 OOto 40 00 u 43 0O£ 43 00-c 43 00 g 43 00- 43 00 1 * Tickets for 10, 15 and 25 Rides are good for one year. 50 and 100 Rides are Individual Commutation Tickets. Tickets on sale at New York offices to all points to and including Plainville ; at Local Stations for Hartford, Boston and principal stations on N. Y. & N. E. R. R. CLASSICS