mAnnoiBOAR]) 
 
THE AMERICAN BOARD 
 IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 A US A IE is one of the 2,000 little islands i?i the Pacific Oceaji which go 
 by the name of Micronesia. The A mericafi Board has worked hi this 
 remote part of the world since 1852. This island was frequently visited by 
 the “hlorningStarf the missionary vessel which was built by the children 
 of the Congregational Sunday schools. It is today the seat of a flourishing 
 girls’’ school. 
 
 PRICE, TEN CENTS 
 
 AMERICAN BOARD OF 
 COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS 
 
 14 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MASS. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2019 with funding from 
 Columbia University Libraries 
 
 https://archive.org/details/americanboardinpOOamer 
 
ZII L 11 W' A R R 1 O R S 
 
 “ The finest piece of muscle on the face of the earth.” 
 Such was a traveler's way of describing the Zulus of 
 Natal. In contrast with many other African tribes, they 
 are of sturdy build, great physical strength, proud bear¬ 
 ing, fighting propensities, and unusual mentality. One 
 hundred years ago, under their King Chaka, they con¬ 
 quered nearl}^ all of South Africa. Chaka made soldiers 
 of practically the entire male population. Abolishing the 
 long javelin, he required his men to carry the assagai, or 
 short-handled spear, which made it necessary for them 
 to engage in hand-to-hand conflict. When his battalions, 
 armed with their cowhide shields, assagais, and knob- 
 kerries, charged the foe, no tribe could stand against 
 them. The American Board was the first society to work 
 among the Zulus, the mission being established in 1835. 
 
 [3] 
 
t;kA\'i-; oi- l•lRS■|■ ZL’Lu c().\vI':kt 
 
 T lll'l missionaries to the Zulus labored eleven years 
 before making a single convert. Then an old blind 
 woman named Bhulosi came one day to Dr. Adams 
 and said, “I choose God.” That was the beginning of 
 the work which is now known round the world as one 
 of the great successes of foreign missions. The pic¬ 
 ture shows a praise service which was held at Bhulosi’s 
 grave in connection with the seventy-fifth anniversary 
 of the mission. Dr. Adams’s grave appears also in the 
 background. Standing on this historical spot, Secretary 
 Patton was told by the Zulu pastors that from this 
 small beginning has arisen the Zulu church of today 
 of over 60,000 members and four times that number of 
 adherents, 300,000 Christians in all. Still there are 
 those who ask, “Do missions pay?” 
 
 [4] 
 
CHRISTIAN UOME IN ZULULAND 
 
 T HE Zulus, in their heathen state, live in curious 
 little round huts made of wickerwork and thatched 
 grass, shaped like old-fashioned beehives. The huts of 
 each family are built in a circle, with a cattle pen in 
 the center and a stockade on the outside. Being polyg¬ 
 amists, each wife has a separate hut for herself and 
 children. Each circle of huts is called a kraal. The 
 men wear only aprons of monkey tails or of leather. 
 The hrst sign of the Christian awakening is the desire 
 to wear clothes. The second sign is the building of a 
 house with rooms and furniture. This picture shows 
 a typical home of a man just out of heathenism. One 
 of these days he will aspire to something finer than 
 this. From the kraals and these homes over 6,000 
 children are drawn every year to our schools of various 
 grades. In this way we are making rapid inro<uls upon 
 heathenism. 
 
THE ZEEUS SEND M I S S IO X A R 1 E S 
 TO THE XDAU TRITl* 
 
 i HE Zulu churches are now all self-supporting Xot 
 a dollar of American money goes toward their up¬ 
 keep or for pastors’ salaries. More than this, they have 
 organized a missionary society for the sending of the 
 gospel to other tribes. About all they can do in that 
 line at present is to furnish the workers, the Board 
 agreeing to provide the funds. In this way a group of 
 well-trained and efficient Zulu teachers is maintained 
 in our Rhodesia Mission, 600 miles to the north among 
 the Ndau (X-dii-u) people. These Zulu missionaries 
 are held in great respect hy the natives of that region. 
 Our own missionaries regard them as invaluable assist¬ 
 ants. The theory of the Board is that Africa, for the 
 most part, must be evangelized b}^ the nati\e Christians. 
 
 [61 
 
MT. SILIXDA SCHOOL, AFRICA 
 
 Imagine running a school for boys with pineapples 
 in the front yard and oranges growing all about! That 
 is the way it is at Mt. Silinda. This station in Rhodesia 
 is one of the beauty spots of Africa. The elevation is 
 sufficiently high to modify the tropical climate, the rain¬ 
 fall is abundant, and the soil is rich. The British 
 Government, through Cecil Rhodes, presented the Board 
 with thousands of acres of splendid land, including a 
 forest of mahogany and other rare trees. On this tract 
 are the mission residences, the church and the school, 
 together with the industrial and agricultural depart¬ 
 ments. Over twenty-five different crops are raised on 
 the farm. The pupils are gathered from a v/ide area 
 of Gazaland, and even from Portuguese East Africa. 
 
 [ 7 l 
 
Till- IJOCTOK VISI TS A IITIATIIEX TIOM E 
 
 H UNDREDS of thousands of Africans die every year 
 as the result of diseases which might be cured by mod¬ 
 ern medical science. According to the African idea, 
 diseases and accidents are the result of witchcraft, of 
 which they live in constant dread. The witch doctor 
 is the evil genius of the community, who often holds 
 the power of life and of death and whose medicines 
 and incantations are liable to make things worse rather 
 than better. Imagine, then, what it means for a Christian 
 physician to take up his residence in an African tribe. 
 In the picture we see Dr. William L. Thompson visiting 
 a heathen home near Mt. Silinda and ministering to a 
 stricken child. The more serious cases he takes to the 
 hospital at the station, where, with an American trained 
 nurse on the ground, the best possible help is rendered. 
 
 1 
 
'['[[K CllllvORl*: SCHOOL on parade 
 
 About twenty miles from Mt. Silinda is Chikore, 
 where a work of extraordinary interest has been ac¬ 
 complished. The people were a degraded lot, prac¬ 
 ticing cannibalism on occasions, and full of revolting 
 customs, when Rev. George A. Wilder went among 
 them to live in 1880. Their present conditioa can be 
 imagined from this picture of how they welcomed 
 Secretary Patton on his visit in 1911. Expecting to see 
 wild people in semi-nudeness and armed with vcar clubs 
 and spears, he was met by these two lines of well- 
 dressed children from the Chikore School, headed by 
 Lincoln, their native teacher. As Secretary Patton rode 
 on horseback between the lines, the children waved 
 palm branches and sang in English the missionary hymn, 
 "From Greenland’s Icy Mountains.” 
 
 [9 I 
 
IN A HEATHEN VILLAGE, ANGOLA 
 
 A NGOLA is on the western coast of the continent, 
 just south of the Congo. This territory afYords one of 
 the best fields for mission work in all Africa, on ac¬ 
 count of the favorable climate of the interior high¬ 
 lands, and the enterprise and intelligence of the natives. 
 The Ovimbundu tribe, among whom we work, were 
 formerly slave dealers and traders. Their old-time 
 enterprise is now turned in better directions, especially 
 to agriculture and the industries. They are proving to 
 be ready students of Christian civilization, and are 
 fairly eager to learn our arts and trades. This picture 
 of a pagan village gives some idea of their manner of 
 life. It indicates a relatively high stage for Africa. 
 The picture was taken during the visit of a lady mission¬ 
 ary, who, as will be seen, made the journey on a 
 riding-ox. 
 
 [ 10] 
 
A CllRlSTIAX lAVT^IlLY, ANGOLA 
 
 i HE effect of Christianity upon the Ovimbundu is 
 discernible in the changed conditions of living, but most 
 of all in the faces of the converts. It is amazing how 
 these people, who from time immemorial have been 
 living in pagan degradation, take on the aspects of 
 Christian character and civilization. In less than a 
 generation a pagan tribe by means of missionary help 
 can be lifted from barbarism to a comparatively high 
 level of social attainment. The evolution of ages is 
 pressed into a few years. In looking at a picture like 
 this one is reminded of the remark of Charles Darwin, 
 the scientist, who said, “The lesson of the missionary 
 is the enchanter’s wand.” 
 
 [II] 
 
A .M I SSTOX ARV’S HO^rE 
 
 ** J 3 e it ever so humble, there’s no place like home.” 
 This is true of Africa as of other parts of the world. 
 The pagan native loves his hut; the Christian native 
 adores the little house he builds, American fashion, with 
 the tools the missionaries give him, and the missionary 
 himself comes to feel a real affection for his thatched 
 cottage under the palms. The home in the picture is 
 that of l\Ir. W. C. Bell, of Bailundo, Angola, and 
 represents the early days of the mission, when houses 
 were built of sun-dried brick and thatched with grass. 
 The houses we are erecting now are of burnt brick, with 
 tile roof, and are made proof against white ants and 
 other creatures. The home, as the highest product of 
 Christianity, is our best gift to the non-Christian peo¬ 
 ples. Hence the Board particularly welcomes money 
 for building houses for missionaries. Such a gift would 
 be a splendid memorial of a relative or friend. 
 
 [ 12 1 
 
REV. AXD ^IRS. ITEXRY A. XEIPP 
 ON AN EVANGELISTIC TOUR 
 WEST AFRICA 
 
 The Board maintains six stations in Ang(jla where 
 missionaries reside and where the institutional work is 
 carried on. Surrounding these are many outstations in 
 charge of native pastors and teachers. Beyond these 
 is the vast expanse of heathenism. Into this outlying- 
 pagan territory the missionaries make frequent tours 
 for the purposes of evangelization. Preaching services 
 are usually held on the outskirts of the villages, where 
 the people are told the gospel story and are urged to 
 send their children to the mission schools. The testi¬ 
 monies of the Christian natives who accompany the 
 missionary are sometimes more effective even than the 
 words of the missionary himself. In such ways the 
 gospel is spreading far and wide among the Ovimbundu. 
 As they put it, “The Words have come among us.’’ 
 The picture represents Rev. and Mrs. Henry .A. Neipj) 
 on one of their evangelistic tours. 
 
 [ T3 1 
 
SCllOOLllOUSK, WEST AFRICA 
 
 THIS is not a particularly beautiful picture, but it 
 tells a great story. This schoolhouse was built by 
 Kanjuiidu, the well-known African chief, whose con¬ 
 version attracted so much attention some years ago. 
 Cpon becoming a Christian he freed all his slaves, 
 about one hundred in number, and presented ecch one 
 with a home and a little piece of land. They settled 
 around him like his own children. Having seven wives, 
 he released six of them and made honorable provision 
 for their comfort. He considered it to 1 )e his duty to 
 bring his entire tribe to Christ, and as one step in the 
 process he built this schoolhouse in his own village. All 
 the children were ref|uired to attend school, while old 
 and young were urged to attend the preaching services. 
 This is the first instance, so far as we know, of com¬ 
 pulsory education in Africa. 
 
 [ T4l 
 
CARRYING RUM INTO AFRICA 
 
 The chief obstacle to the spread of Christianity in 
 West Africa is not idolatry or superstition, but rum. 
 This picture, taken in Angola, shows how liquor is 
 transported into the interior from the coast by means 
 of native carriers. It is dealt out to the natives by 
 unscrupulous Portuguese traders, and is working havoc 
 among many of the tribes. No people in the world are 
 so quickly and completely demoralized by rum as the 
 Africans. In all probability the rum represented in the 
 picture came from Boston, the home of the American 
 Board. Boston has been known to ship as much as 
 I557 Ij353 gallons of rum to the west coast of Africa 
 in a single year. It is a disgrace to our country that 
 we are engaging in such a traffic. Eventually an interna¬ 
 tional agreement should be drawn up looking to pro¬ 
 hibition throughout the African colonies. 
 
EDEX IX THE BALKAXS. BULGARIA 
 
 The Balkan Peninsula, one of the fairest sectioiTs of 
 uiir earth, in our minds is associated mainly with national 
 hatreds, wars, and massacres. It has been called the 
 cock-pit of Europe. It was in this particular valley, 
 shown in the picture, that Miss Ellen M. Stone was 
 captured by bandits in September, 1901, who kept her 
 in captivity in the mountains of Bulgaria until, more 
 than five months after, she was ransomed by the gifts 
 of her relatives and many American friends. The 
 Board maintains missionaries not only in Bulgaria, but 
 also in Macedonia, Serbia, and Albania. Throughout 
 this region the graduates of Robert College at Con¬ 
 stantinople and of other American institutions exert 
 a strong Influence. There are those who think Christian 
 education is to be the solution of the Balkan question. 
 
 [16] 
 
COI.LEGIATK INSTITUTE, SAMOKOV 
 
 BULGARIA 
 
 i HE only evangelical institution for the training of 
 young men for teaching and for Christian service in 
 Bulgaria is the Collegiate Institute at Samokov. The 
 policy of this school is to confine its ministrations to a 
 carefully selected number of young men who give 
 promise of real leadership in community and national 
 affairs. It stands for high scholarship and efficiency 
 in Christian service. It has a faculty of thirteen and 
 its course covers eight years. Government recognition 
 enables the school to draw its pupils from the families 
 of the Orthodox Church as well as from Protestant 
 homes. The influence of this school is felt throughout 
 the kingdom of Bulgaria. 
 
 [17] 
 
ELIAS RIGGS 
 
 PIONEER TRANSLATOR, TURKEY 
 
 Rev. ELIAS RIGGS, D.D., who went out to Turkey 
 ill 1838, was instrumental in giving the Bible to four na¬ 
 tions : Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, and Armenia, a record 
 scarcely paralleled on the mission held. Lie stands at 
 the top of the long list of missionaries of the American 
 Board who have devoted their lives to giving the Bible 
 and wholesome literature to non-Christian people. Thir¬ 
 teen of his descendants have been missionaries of the 
 American Board ; ten of these are now under appointment. 
 
 [ 18] 
 
ANATOLIA COLLEGE 
 AND MISSION BUILDINGS 
 
 A BEAUTIEUL situation in the fertile plain of North¬ 
 western Asia Minor is the site of Anatolia College, 
 with its theological training school, its collegiate de¬ 
 partment, and its large hospital. In connection with the 
 same institution is the Girls’ School, which has accom¬ 
 plished such wonderful things under the leadership of 
 Miss Charlotte Willard. This group of buildings is 
 the center of a large and wide-extending mission work, 
 reaching to the Black Sea on the north and running 
 eastward into the Caucasus region, including a popula¬ 
 tion of more than a million Greeks, Armenians, Turks, 
 and Russians. Anatolia College is in a position to exert 
 a mighty influence in the rehabilitation of Turkey in the 
 period following the war. This picture represents a 
 typical Turkish mission station, with the missionary 
 residences and school buildings packed closely together 
 on account of the scarcity of land. 
 
YOUXG TURKS TX TH 1 <: 
 GEDIK PASHA KIXDERGARTEN 
 
 Teie Woman’s Board of Missions conducts an excel¬ 
 lent school for boys and girls in the Stamboiil district 
 of Constantinople. The buildings occupy a command¬ 
 ing site in the very heart of the ancient city and the 
 school is known throughout Constantinople for the 
 high quality of its work. The children are drawn from 
 Greek, Armenian, and Turkish homes. The remarkable 
 thing is that in the midst of the war the attendance of 
 Turkish children has increased. Moreover, these 3mung 
 I'urks come from prominent families, who pay tuition 
 fees gladly. Tn this picture we see a group of Turkish 
 children in attendance upon the kindergarten department. 
 
 [ 20 ] 
 
TURKISH OFFICIAL AND DAUGHTER 
 AT A MISSION SCHOOL 
 
 N OT only are the Moslems being attracted to our 
 educational institutions in increasing numbers, even in 
 the midst of war, but individually they are becoming- 
 interested in Christian truth. When religious toleration 
 is secured and Turkey has a stable government, there 
 is certain to be a Christian movement among the Turks 
 of high and low degree. The man in the picture is the 
 Pasha of the Marash district. The little girls are his 
 children, whom he placed in the mission school of the 
 Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior. When 
 he was thanked for showing this conhdence in the 
 Board and its work, he replied that the obligation was 
 on the other side and that he greatly appreciated the 
 opportunity of educating his children in an American 
 institution. 
 
 [ 21 1 
 
 
CESAREA HOSPITAL, TURKEY 
 
 A GREAT center of medical work in Turkey is the 
 historic city of Cesarea. This hospital, located in the 
 Talas suburb, is the only means that over two millions 
 of people have for receiving modern medical care. The 
 building suggests something of the size and strength of 
 the work. It is an interesting fact that nearly all of 
 the expense of this hospital and its thousands of patients 
 each year is borne almost entirely by the payments 
 made by the people. Yet no one is turned away because 
 he is unable to pay for medicine or for treatment. The 
 missionary houses at the right and left of the picture, 
 as you will notice, are closely connected with the medical 
 institution, showing that the work is a unit. 
 
:\riss jiLLSox ix riuxef work 
 
 AT BROUSA 
 
 Ix^ war times the missionaries in Turkey are largely 
 occupied in relief work. In the picture you will see 
 Aliss Jeannie Jillson, of Brousa, thus engaged. It was 
 winter when this snapshot was made and she is shown 
 in the act of dealing out charcoal for fuel. The work 
 is thoroughly organized and is conducted on scientific 
 as well as humanitarian lines. A large proportion of 
 the relief money is used in securing remunerative work 
 for the refugees. The amount of good accomplished by 
 the funds sent out from America is incalculable. Un¬ 
 questionably the money has saved the remnant of the 
 Armenian race. Incidentally, in the eyes of the Turks 
 it has afforded an impressive demonstration of prac¬ 
 tical Christianity. This is a case where monev talks. 
 
 [ 23 I 
 
(;iVK\G FOOD TO ARAIEXIAX URPllAXS 
 
 1 HE survivors of the Armenian race are largely women 
 and children, especially the latter. As the result of the 
 massacres and deportations, hundreds of thousands of 
 Armenian orphans are left to the care and sympathy 
 of the Christian people of America. If these little 
 ones can be kept from starvation and eventually given 
 a Christian education, a new Armenia with glorious 
 possibilities will soon arise. N’ot less than 50,000 orphans 
 are already being cared for by our missionaries, as the 
 result of American gifts. 
 
 i 24 1 
 
INDUSTRIAL WORK, OORFA 
 
 OORFA, situated in the north of Mesopotamia, is the 
 ancient Edessa of the Persians. The modern city be¬ 
 fore the war had a population of about 50,000. Here 
 the Board for many years carried on an industrial work 
 of large proportions under the leadership of that re¬ 
 markable woman, Corinna Shattuck. At one time not 
 less than 2,000 Armenian women gained a livelihood in 
 Aliss Shattuck’s handkerchief industry. Bible lessons 
 were an integral part of the enterprise. The men were 
 taught blacksmithing, forging, carpentry, and agricul¬ 
 ture. During the war Oorfa has been the scene of a 
 series of tragic events, resulting in the practical wiping 
 out of the Armenian population. Our missionary, Rev. 
 Francis H. Leslie, met his death here in 1915. 
 
iMOLOGY CLASS AT AlARASii COLLEGE 
 
 One institution which the war has been unable to 
 stop is the Girls’ College at iMarash, supported by the 
 Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior. Here the 
 work has gone on uninterruptedly and with great suc¬ 
 cess. In this college Armenian and Turkish girls can 
 obtain a first-class modern education, fitting them for 
 teaching and for homemaking. Miss Annie Gordon 
 and her biology class appear in the picture, which 
 suggests the kind of girls who are drawn to this school, 
 and also the quality of the work which is done. 
 
 [26] 
 
ECONOMY AND 
 
 DOMESTIC SCIENCE COMBINED 
 
 Much time is spent in Turkey in preparing food, the 
 same as in all other countries, but the vegetables, for 
 the most part, are different from ours in America. The 
 picture represents pupils in one of the mission boarding- 
 schools preparing food for the winter’s supply. In all 
 of the girls’ schools of Turkey the major part of the 
 work is done by the girls themselves. This saves ex¬ 
 pense to the school, and gives practical instruction to the 
 pupils in household economy. Much emphasis is put 
 upon this part of girls’ education, and many improve¬ 
 ments are introduced thereby into the domestic customs 
 of the country. 
 
 [271 
 
NURSE AND INFANT 
 AINTAB HOSPITAL 
 
 Azariah smith :\IEM 0 RIAL hospital at 
 
 Aintab was one of the hrst hospitals built in Turkey, and 
 today stands as the center of one of the largest and most 
 important medical works in that country. Dr. Fred D. 
 Shepard, who for more than thirty years was at the head 
 of the institution, has recently died of typhus fever, 
 contracted from a Turkish patient. Through the nobility 
 of his character and his rare skill as a physician, his 
 reputation spread far and wide. He numbered many 
 prominent Turkish officials among his patients. This 
 picture shows a little corner of the hospital, with the 
 American nurse who is at the head of the Nurses’ 
 Department. Under her is a staff of Armenian nurses 
 in various stages of training. 
 
 [28] 
 
FOOTBALL AT 
 
 CENTRAL TURKEY COLLEGE, ATNTAB 
 
 The missionaries have introduced American athletics 
 into all the higher educational institutions, including 
 football, which is played with great zest. In this way 
 healthful recreation is obtained and the boys have the 
 advantage of the discipline connected with team work. 
 Whatever can be done to brighten up the life of the 
 people should be attempted, as Turkey is too much a 
 land of sadness and despair. The view before us is from 
 the athletic field of Central Turkey College at Aintab. 
 
 [ 29 ] 
 
RIMMIRATKS COLLEGE, HARPOOT 
 
 Sevex hundred miles east of Constantinople, and in 
 a country overlooking one of the most fertile plains in 
 Turkey, along one side of which flows the River Eu¬ 
 phrates, is the ancient city of Harpoot. The most promi¬ 
 nent structures in this city are the buildings of Eu¬ 
 phrates College, one of the first colleges of the jVmerican 
 Board established in this land. It is the only higher 
 educational institution of its kind for five million peo¬ 
 ple. The college, in all departments, has about i,ooo 
 pupils. Its white buildings can be seen across the 
 Euphrates valley for more than forty miles, and send 
 forth their glow like a beacon light over that dark 
 countr3C 
 
 [30] 
 
A MISSION BUNGALOW. STRUR, INDIA 
 
 It looks attractive, doesn’t it? With its brick walls 
 and tiled roof, set off with vines and palms and potted 
 plants—this missionary residence seems more than 
 habitable. And so it is; and so it should be. In a cli¬ 
 mate so trying as India’s, it is essential that the mission¬ 
 ary should have a house that will protect him from the 
 severity of the heat; and in a land so appealing and 
 depressing it is necessary, too, that the Christian worker 
 should have a comfortable and refreshing retreat. The 
 strain on life is fierce enough at best. 
 
 The missionary and his wife are standing in the 
 doorway, typical of the welcome and help they would 
 offer. The native men on the steps and lielow suggest 
 the procession of needy lives that file thither. The 
 missionary’s house is not so much his castle as it is his 
 workshop, his base of operations. 
 
 [ 31 ] 
 
Till-: CHURCH AT AHMEDXAGAR 
 
 Great was the rejoicing when this new church was 
 finished and opened for service in the city of Ahmed- 
 nagar, in Western India, where is one of the American 
 Board’s largest and most developed mission stations. 
 IMuch thought was put into the planning of the church 
 to preserve Oriental forms and symbols in this Christian 
 sanctuary. So it is mainly flat-roofed and has a noble 
 dome as its chief characteristic. In its decoration the 
 lotus flower was worked into windows and church 
 furnishings, as appealing to Hindu religious thought. 
 
 The Sunday school of this church numbers over i,ooo, 
 as does also the Young People’s Society of Christian 
 Endeavor. The building is a great center of activity. 
 
 [32] 
 
OUR CO-WORKERS, INDIA 
 
 Here are Pastor Modak and his wife (left) and the 
 assistant pastor and wife (right) of the Ahmednagar 
 church as they were in 1914. Pastor Modak has since 
 died. He was a remarkable man—of highest caste 
 (Brahman), well-educated, bred to the law, and a very 
 successful advocate; who was also so sincere, earnest, 
 and influential a Christian that when the church lost 
 their pastor, they fairly compelled this fellow-member 
 and layman to take the vacant post. 
 
 Indian pastors wear the turban and other parts of 
 the dress of their people, usually adding as official robe 
 a black coat. The pastors’ wives are usually graduates 
 of the mission schools and are true helpmeets to their 
 husbands. 
 
 [33] 
 
NATIVE CHRISTIAN WORKERS, INDIA 
 
 As parents cherish their children, so the foreign mis¬ 
 sionary cherishes the native Christians of whom he has 
 had the training and who go forth from his hand to 
 places of service in the church and community. Often 
 such a disciple becomes more effective than his teacher 
 in preaching or teaching, knowing as he does by inheri¬ 
 tance the mind and heart of his countrymen. And the 
 hope of the evangelization of the non-Christian lands 
 is, of course, not the missionary, save at second hand; 
 it is the native Christian man and woman who become 
 witnesses to their own people. 
 
 Here are Dr. and Mrs. R. A. Hume (in center), stir- 
 rounded by some of those whom they have trained at 
 Ahmednagar (Dr. Hume in the Theological Seminary 
 and Mrs. Hume in the Bible-Woman’s School), and 
 with whom they are now associated in the work. 
 
 [ 34] 
 
RAHURI GIRLS’ SCHOOL, INDIA 
 
 OUT-OF-DOOR breakfasts are not unknown in Amer¬ 
 ica— in summer time. And in Rahuri it’s always sum¬ 
 mer time — or so it seems to Americans. In this com¬ 
 modious and comfortable fashion sit the 150 members 
 of the Girls’ Boarding School at Rahuri, in the Marathi 
 Mission, eating their ten o’clock breakfast. In India, 
 because of the heat, the missionaries get an early start 
 on the day and do much of their outside work before 
 breakfast and before the sun gets high. 
 
 These mission boarding schools are power houses 
 where is generated the force that is to carry Christian 
 ideas into Indian life. Imagine what so many girls, 
 taught, inspired, disciplined, with minds awake and with 
 natures freed from enslaving superstition, will do for 
 the homes and the hearts they are to shape in after 
 years. 
 
A POXY CART, INDIA 
 
 i JIIS is not an ice cart; not even a nice cart. But it 
 is a high-grade conveyance for India. In these jutkas, 
 or pony carts, missionaries ride many long miles in their 
 touring over their fields. For off the lines of the rail¬ 
 road, and if one does not have a motor car or motor 
 cycle, it is about the best vehicle obtainable. It is not 
 speedy; three miles an hour is its maximum. With 
 its lack of seats, its low top, and its single pair of 
 wheels, it leaves something to be desired for comfort. 
 But having a double cover to shield from the sun, and 
 being open at both ends to give chance to every breath 
 of air, it is after all adapted to its locality, and affords 
 a welcome shelter, often by night as well as by day, to 
 the touring missionary. 
 
 I 36] 
 
CHURCH AT PASUMALAI, INDIA 
 
 A CHURCH is far more than its building. Yet a 
 good building is a great asset to a church. Nowhere 
 is this more evident than on mission ground, where in¬ 
 stitutions are apt to be rated pretty much according to 
 their appearance. It has been thought sometimes that 
 a wrong impression was likely to be got by those con¬ 
 nected with mission stations as they compare the 
 buildings of colleges and hospitals with the houses of 
 worship. 
 
 There is no danger of this sort at Pastimalai, the 
 American Board’s educational center three miles from 
 the city of Madura, where is located a High and Train¬ 
 ing School with over 600 young men as students and a 
 Theological Seminary with fifty under instruction, who 
 make up the larger part of the congregation that fills 
 this spacious and impressive church. 
 
 [.37l 
 
nOYS AT WORK, INDIA 
 
 Man UAL training has won for itself a recognized 
 place in modern education. High schools are recogniz¬ 
 ing that not all their pupils are qualified for a merely 
 intellectual course of study; courses and even allied 
 schools are being devised to meet this need. 
 
 Some mission fields, particularly India, have peculiar 
 need of a training that includes work for the hands and 
 exalts the dignity of labor. For the East Indian is ac¬ 
 customed to think that if he has any education he is 
 above manual labor. To counteract this sense of work 
 as degrading, as well as to equip needy boys and girls 
 to earn a livelihood and to provide a practical education 
 for those whose bent is away from books, the American 
 Board’s missions in India have developed industrial de¬ 
 partments in connection with their schools. The picture 
 shows a carpenter shop in one of the Madura Mission 
 schools. Note how interested the boys are in their work. 
 
 [38] 
 
HOSPITAL AT MADURA, INDIA 
 
 “ Grateful patients” put up this imposing building; 
 or, at least, if the patients did not do it themselves, their 
 friends and countrymen did. It was in recognition of 
 the devoted and skillful work of Dr. Frank Van Allen 
 in the city of Madura that, among others, certain rich 
 Indian bankers, whose families or acquaintances had 
 benefited from his care, were moved to provide him 
 with funds for erecting this modern hospital of light 
 dressed stone, spick and span, a House of Mercy indeed 
 for the poor sufferers that flock to it. 
 
 It is said not a small proportion of the 42,000 rupees 
 (or $14,000) that it cost was voted from the treasury of 
 Hindu temples. About 20,000 patients a year come to 
 this hospital from 300 to 400 villages. Fronting one of 
 the broad city streets, with the new Woman’s Hospital 
 just across the way, it is a witness to the healing spirit 
 of Christianity. 
 
 [39I 
 
VILLAGE SCTTOOL CHILDREN, CEYLON 
 
 Think what it means that the Ceylon ^Mission has in 
 its hand the training of ii,ooo school children in that 
 northern end of the island known as the Jaffna Penin¬ 
 sula! What an opportunity to impress the life of the 
 next generation of its people! And with the help of 
 government grants these village schools are made 
 almost self-supporting. If only the simple and inex¬ 
 pensive school buildings can be maintained, this vastly 
 important field of work is assured. 
 
 The ten pupils in the picture represent ten different 
 grades in the schools. Different castes also are observ¬ 
 able. The one seated at the extreme left is a low caste 
 boy; the one in white standing back of him holds a 
 palm-leaf book. From these common schools the 
 brighter students go on to higher training schools and 
 to Jaffna College, to become educated and efficient 
 pastors and leaders of their people. 
 
 [ 40 ] 
 
PASTOR SANDERS AT WORK, CEYLON 
 
 A RATHER cranky looking vessel, one would think, 
 for water less smooth than that in the picture. But 
 these islanders are very expert in the handling of a 
 boat; and their simple costume helps. 
 
 The churches of Ceylon not only for the most part 
 support their own government institutions and pay 
 their own pastors’ salaries, but they have organized 
 two missionary societies, one for work on the coast of 
 India and the other for home mission work in the out¬ 
 lying islands near the mainland. 
 
 Every Sunday graduates from Jaffna College go to 
 this home for Christian work. The picture represents 
 such a graduate under Professor Sanders, who is a 
 professor in the college at Jaffna, but who gives his 
 Sundays to this missionary work for his fellow-country¬ 
 men. 
 
 You can’t call them “Rice Christians.” 
 
 [41] 
 
SURGICAL WARD, CEYLOX IIOSPITAI. 
 
 TllIXIv of a hospital with one foreign doctor, one 
 native assistant, one foreign nurse, liesides native dis¬ 
 pensers, nurses, matron, etc., that has in one year 2,400 
 inpatients, 4,800 dispensary patients, 10,000 dispensary 
 visits, 500 maternity cases, with 390 visits to villages 
 and 77 office consultations ! Yet that is the record of the 
 McLeod Hospital for Women and Children at Inuvil. 
 Ceylon, under the care of a modest little lady, Dr. 
 Isaliella Curr. The picture shows one of the wards of 
 this 1)usy hospital. 
 
 The chance which a hospital affords for Christian 
 work among a non-Christian people is immeasurable. 
 Its very conduct is a testimony and an object lesson; 
 its spirit exerts an influence unconsciously. /\nd long 
 days of sickness and coin-alescencc give opportunit\- 
 for (piiet talks and for the message of Christian wor 
 sliip that cannot but make impression. 
 
 [ 42 ] 
 
G o IN c; o CHURCH, chin a 
 
 It is a long step from the typical Chinese woman, of 
 the bound feet and the fettered mind, to this group of 
 girls, students in the Foochow Girls’ College. They 
 may look more like young men in their native dress 
 of coat and trousers, but they are girls nevertheless, 
 bright-eyed, eager, responsive; on their way to church, 
 as they were caught in this snapshot, and on their way, 
 we may hope, to make Christian women of power and 
 leadership, in home and church and community. 
 
 This girls’ school, called a college, supported by the 
 Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior, is steadily 
 raising its standards; it has increased its plant and 
 added to its equipment. Enlarged dormitories, an as 
 sembly hall, a gymnasium, are in view. Best of all, the 
 religious life is kept warm and pervasive. It is a factor 
 that counts in the Christianizing of new China. 
 
 r 1 
 
I'oociiow coll]<:g]-:, cjiixa 
 
 U XE of the great missions of the American Board in 
 China has its main station at Foochow, an ancient and 
 powerful walled city of nearly a million inhabitants, 
 sixty miles up the Min River, in the province of 
 Fiihkien. 
 
 The mission compound is in the heart of this 
 throbbing city. Here are crowded a score or more of 
 buildings, only a part of which are shown in the picture. 
 In the foreground are some of the Foochow College 
 buildings. This institution has become a high-grade 
 middle or preparatory school of nearly 400 students, 
 which fits into a chain of institutions from kinder¬ 
 garten up to the new Union Christian University, with 
 its fine college and its professional schools. This mis¬ 
 sion compound is a hive of industry whose influence 
 reaches out into all the ways of life of this provincial 
 capital. And its influence is greater every year. 
 
 r 44 1 
 
(iVMXASI h'OOCHOW, CHINA 
 
 W HEN it comes to outdoor amusements, the Chinese 
 idea is to fly kites or to walk out carrying a bird in a 
 cage; that is physical exercise. 
 
 Young China, however, takes to gymnastics, games, 
 and outdoor sports, as well as to other Western notions. 
 These straight and snappy lines of young men are 
 students in Foochow College, drawn up before their 
 outdoor gymnasium. The climate makes possible open 
 sides, and only a roof to keep off the rain. 
 
 Here are being waked up, disciplined, and educated 
 future preachers and teachers for this part of China; 
 officials, too, and business and professional men, leaders 
 in one department and another of the new China so 
 fast developing. And on them all, from these college 
 associations and influences, is being put the impress of 
 Christian ideals. 
 
 [45] 
 
CHIXKSE COOLIES 
 STARTING FOR FRANCE 
 WITH DR. COOPER 
 
 Dr. JAMES F. COOPER, who is in charge of these 
 3,003 Chinese coolies, is the hgure in dark citizen’s 
 clothes in the center of the front row of ten men. lie is 
 one of the American Board’s missionar}’ physicians at 
 Foochow, given leave of absence during the war that 
 he may accompany this battalion of the thousands of 
 Chinese whom the British government has secured to 
 go to France for labor behind the lighting line. Dr. 
 Cooper is to be in charge of a base hospital for these 
 strangers in a strange land and is to be in every way 
 possilile their friend and helper; a real piece of mis¬ 
 sionary work for the times. 
 
 The picture was taken at Wei Hai Wei, the British 
 base in China, just before the party sailed on their 
 long journey, which was safely accomplished. Dr. 
 Cooper, who, by the way, is of English parentage, re¬ 
 ceived a commission as Lieutenant in the Medical Corps 
 from the British Ambassador. Lie took with hun one 
 graduate nurse and four Chinese student nurses who 
 had been under his training in Foocliow. 
 
 [46] 
 
WJ-ALTliY SCHOOLGIRLS, CANTON 
 
 INOT only the poor and the outcast are being reached 
 on mission fields. iMore and more access is being had 
 to the people of standing and influence, to the more 
 educated and well-to-do. Particularly in China has 
 approach been made to the gentry and official classes, 
 as well as to the student world and to some of the 
 literati 
 
 In Canton, Mrs. Nelson’s tact and enthusiasm have 
 not only established a girls’ school which has already 
 won large and secure place for itself in that huge city, 
 but have so impressed some of the wealthy Chinese 
 there, that they are sending to it their daughters, 
 properly attended by servants, who guard them through 
 the city streets and wait upon them in the school. This 
 picture shows a few of these girls and their attendants 
 welcomed by Mrs. Nelson at the doorway of the mis¬ 
 sionary home. 
 
 [ 47 1 
 
 ra Y 
 
liLIXL) CHILDREN IN HONGKONG 
 
 Sore eyes are a commonplace of childhood in China; 
 and blind eyes are the affliction of a frightfully large 
 percentage of each new generation. Dirt, unsanitar}- 
 homes, ignorance of any proper care of the eyes and 
 their troubles, are responsible for the spread of those 
 diseases which produce blindness, and which doom to 
 misery their victims. Eor the Chinese, left to them¬ 
 selves, do nothing al)OUt it. They neither seek to pre¬ 
 vent nor to cure the trouble; nor do they relieve the 
 lot of the blind or help them make the best of their 
 misfortune. Blind girls in Canton are systematically 
 bred to a life of shame. Tt has already made a great 
 impression upon the Chinese that the Christian mission¬ 
 ary at once took note of the despised little ones, and 
 that Christian homes have been established in man}' 
 places in which they are received and where they are 
 educated. The picture shows one of such asylums. 
 
 [481 
 
DR. AND MRS. D. Z. SHEFFIELD 
 NORTH CHINA 
 
 It is interesting to see what sort of people are doing 
 this missionary work. Here are two veterans of the 
 North China Mission—Dr. and Mrs. D. Z. Sheffield, 
 who began their missionary career in Peking in 1869. 
 Dr. Sheffield died in 1913, but his wife is still in active 
 service. Dr. Sheffield was a tireless worker in the field 
 of literature; his text-books, translations, treatises, 
 numbered many volumes, while his expert knowledge 
 of Mandarin enabled him to render special service in 
 Bible revision. 
 
 In the picture will be noticed some superb specimens 
 of Chinese bric-a-brac, witness both to Dr. Sheffield’s 
 knowledge of China’s art and to the generous gifts of 
 Chinese pupils and friends. After his death his rare 
 collection was sold and the proceeds used for a me¬ 
 morial in mission equipment. 
 
 [ 49 1 
 
WOMAN’S COLLIlGI-: in north CniXA 
 
 The central l)uilciing in this group has been till re¬ 
 cently the home both of the Woman’s Union College 
 of Peking and of the Bridgman Acadeni}'. The college, 
 which is maintained jointly by the Woman’s Board of 
 Alissions of the Interior, the Presbyterian Missioi 
 Board, and the London ^Missionary Society, in 1917 
 moved into what was a ducal residence in iManchu days, 
 but has now Ijeen transformed into a spacious and 
 convenient group of college buildings. It is tlie only 
 institution of college grade for women in North China, 
 and one of two in the entire country. It is admirably 
 placed and has won the confidence and regard of lead¬ 
 ing Chinese at the capital. 
 
 Bridgman /\cademy, which now occupies the building 
 shown in the picture, was one of the first girls’ schools 
 to be established in Peking, and commemorates the 
 name of one of the Board’s earliest missionaries there. 
 It has over a hundred pupils in its enrollment, which 
 means, for one thing, a connection with so many as¬ 
 piring Chinese homes. 
 
 [ 50 ] 
 
A PHVSTCTAN APPEARS 
 
 iN America there is one doctor for every 577 of the 
 population; in mission lands there is but one for every 
 2,500,000. Naturally when .the doctor appears he gathers 
 a crowd. Mission hospitals and dispensaries are in 
 many cases thronged with sufferers and their friends. 
 Even in comparatively small cities, and with hut few 
 and slightly trained helpers and a very modest outfit, 
 a missionary surgeon will perform in a year operations 
 which, in number and in character, are almost unbe¬ 
 lievable to his brother-surgeon, who works in some 
 well-equipped American hospital. 
 
 And when the missionary doctor in China goes a-tour- 
 ing, visits outlying villages or market towns in his 
 district, his fame goes before him, and the local repre¬ 
 sentatives of the 400,000,000 of China are on hand to 
 receive him, as in the picture they are waiting for Dr. 
 Tucker, of the big hospital in Techow. The man with 
 the hat at the left (who, by the way, is on horseback) 
 is the evangelistic missionary, who has come along to 
 help and to take advantage of the opportunity. 
 
DR. I NORA AT, OF XORTII CHINA, AND 
 TRAINED ASSISTANTS 
 
 The “trained assistants" in tliis picture do not seem 
 to be rendering much assistance. Probably the ex¬ 
 citement of having their picture taken was too diverting. 
 But their presence emphasizes a prime concern of medi¬ 
 cal missions, in China as in all lands where they are 
 operating, viz., the raising up of trained and cpialified 
 natives of the country to take over the work which the 
 mission introduces. The new and high-grade medical 
 colleges being established l)y the China Medical Board, 
 one of which is at Peking, where Dr. Ingram is located, 
 are full of promise to this end. 
 
 Dr. Ingram has become intensely interested in the 
 problem of the insane, for whom nothing is being done 
 in China, and is devoting himself to a campaign for a 
 model insane asylum. 
 
 [52] 
 
UOSlllSllA COLLEGE, JAPAN 
 
 At the meeting of the American Board at Rutland, 
 Vt., in 1874, a- Christian Japanese by the name of Joseph 
 Neesima pleaded for the establishment in his country of 
 a Christian university. With trembling voice and 
 streaming eyes, he refused to take his seat until his 
 appeal was answered. Finally, William E. Dodge arose, 
 and pledged $1,000 to get the enterprise started. Others 
 followed in quick succession until Neesima’s day dream 
 had become a reality. Such was the beginning of the 
 famous Doshisha. It stands today in the ancient capital 
 city of Japan—Kyoto—one of the best equipped and 
 widest known Christian institutions of the East. Only 
 three of its many buildings appear in the picture. The 
 President is Re\'. Tasuku Harada, D.D., and the stu¬ 
 dents number about 1,000. Doshisha means “The One 
 Endeavor.” 
 
 [53I 
 
KOBE BIBLE-WOM AX’S 
 EVAXGELTSTIC SCHOOL 
 
 J.T has been found impossible to elevate society in the 
 Eastern countries without educating the women as well 
 as the men. This need in Japan is being met in part by 
 Kobe College, which is supported by the Woman’s Board 
 of Missions of the Interior. In connection with this 
 excellent institution is a Bible-Womaii’s Evangelistic 
 School, whose graduates have gone out as assistants 
 to Japanese pastors and as independent special workers 
 among their Japanese sisters. Many of the women who 
 take this course are widows and often they have been 
 themselves wives of pastors. The school is situated in 
 the flourishing city of Kobe, and has a name and influ¬ 
 ence extending well over the empire. 
 
 [ 54 ] 
 
MRS. LICARNED’S KTNDERGA R 1 'EX 
 
 KYOTO 
 
 Everybody loves a kindergarten, and certainly 
 this one at Kyoto, Japan, should come in for a large 
 share in our affections. The Japanese children, with 
 their attractive faces, their quaint clothing, and their 
 cute ways^ are an unending delight to travelers. Mrs. 
 Learned’s school at Kyoto, however, cares little for the 
 romantic and picturesque and goes in for character 
 building and a sound basis of education for every little 
 tot coming within its doors. The American Board had 
 the honor of introducing kindergarten schools into 
 Japan. The movement was taken up by the government, 
 and today they are perhaps the most popular institutions 
 in the country. 
 
OKAYAMA ORPliAXAGE, JAPAN 
 
 u XE of the most impressive features of Christianity, 
 and one which appeals with tremendous emphasis 
 to noii-Christiaii people, is its humanitarian work. It is 
 when Christianity reaches out to the helpless and to 
 the forsaken and lifts them up and gives them practical 
 help that it makes its strongest appeal. The Okayama 
 Orphanage, which has received recognition'*from the 
 Emperor and from the whole official class, has had as 
 many as 2,000 hoys under its care. The}^ receive 
 sound Christian training, and also learn self-supporting 
 industries. The Orj-yhanage constitutes a village in 
 itself within the A’illage of Okayama, and is known 
 throughout the borders of Japan. 
 
 [56! 
 
GL’ADALAJARA CHURCH. MEXICO 
 
 UxTlL a few years ago the Roman Catholic Church 
 had absolute sway over Mexico. Dissatisfied with these 
 conditions, the government disavowed the church, 
 from which time there has been religious liberty 
 throughout the young republic. Notwithstanding all the 
 revolution and bloodshed, there has been no thought of 
 returning to the old regime. The American Board 
 missions were established first in Guadalajara the 
 second largest city in the country, and often referred 
 to as the Athens of jMexico. In the heart of that city 
 there stands a symbol and eml)lem of freedom of 
 conscience and religious liberty, a Christian church. 
 It is the center of the evangelistic Protestant work for 
 all that region. Close hy is a training school where 
 young men receive their education for the gospel min¬ 
 istry, besides a Girls’ School with over 200 pupils. 
 
 [ 5/1 
 
X t) R.\i AI. C(->i.i.i£c;i^ i-()k c;iKi.s, .\ii':x!c() 
 
 M I'^XICO has presented from the l)eginning an iinusnal 
 held for the educated woman, especially since the 
 declaration of religious liberty and the establishment 
 of a school system by the government. It was an. easy 
 thing to establish a system of education, but a more 
 difficult thing to secure efficient teachers. Recognizing 
 th.is situation, the American missionaries organi/ed girls’ 
 schools in various cities. At Chihuahua was established 
 the ^Mission Xormal Training School for Girls, sup¬ 
 ported by the \\Aman’s Hoard. Its graduates are in 
 great demand, not only for the Christian schools, but 
 for government schools as well. In this institution the 
 hand is trained as well as the head, and of course no 
 school in Mexico would he complete that did not teach 
 embroidery and allied needle work. 
 
 1 5 «^ 1 
 
A iJAGOBO WARRIOR, PHILIPPINES 
 
 The island of Mindanao in the Philippines is the 
 second largest of the group, and except for the western 
 peninsula, it is the exclusive field of the American 
 Board. The population is about 700,000. Many of the 
 people are “raw heatlien,” like the specimen before yon, 
 who participated in human sacrifice not thirty miles 
 from onr station at Davao. This is the newest mission 
 of the Board, having been established in tqo 2 . 
 
A CORNIER TX TIII^: HOSPITAL 
 DAVAO, ^riXDAXAO 
 
 AT present we have two stations in Aliiulanao; Davao 
 in the south and Cagayan in the north. The Board 
 plans to extend this work until the leading coast towns 
 are occupied and work is also nndertaken for the wild 
 tribes of the interior. Davao is oiir pioneer station, 
 and we find a flourishing work centering in that city, 
 including a hospital, a chapel, and two mission resi¬ 
 dences. The medical work, which is conducted in a 
 highly creditable way, from the first has been supported 
 by a group of httsiness men in X^ew York. An Ameri¬ 
 can doctor and nurse are in charge. 
 
 f6ol 
 
T H K S L’ L r A N A A X D 11 R MAIDS 
 
 1 PTE population of Mindanao is a strange mixture, 
 being part Roman Catholic, part heathen, and part 
 Mohammedan. Although the Moros are Moslems of the 
 fanatical brand, they consider themselves loyal Ameri¬ 
 cans. They constitute the most difficult missionary 
 problem of the Philippines. The pagan tribes, some 
 twenty-five in number, are wide-open to the gospel, 
 do a large extent the Catholics have broken with Rome 
 and are eager for Protestant instruction. Altogether 
 Mindanao, our only mission under the flag, offers one 
 of the finest opportunities confronting the American 
 Board in any part of the world. 
 
 [6i ] 
 
N 
 
 THE AMERICAN ROARD S^'ORY 
 IN FIGURES 
 
 Exclusive Responsibility of the Board 75,000,000 soid> 
 
 ^Missionaries 
 
 665 
 
 XTitive Workers 
 
 4<^77 
 
 Missions 
 
 19 
 
 Stations 
 
 106 
 
 Outstations 
 
 1,461 
 
 Churches 
 
 701 
 
 Communicants 
 
 
 Adherents 
 
 188,621 
 
 Colleges 
 
 18 
 
 Theological Seminaries 
 
 14 
 
 Lower Schools 
 
 ^, 5^7 
 
 Pupils 
 
 85,197 
 
 Native Contributions last year 
 
 $571,809 
 
 Receipts of the Board ( including 
 
 Woman’s 
 
 Boards) 
 
 $1,207,126.54 
 
 \VOULD Y^OU LIKE TO BECOYIE 
 A PARTNER? 
 
 Write to any officer of the Board and he \\ ill tell 
 you how. Address, The American Board, 14 Beacon 
 Street, Boston, Mass. 
 
 [C2I 
 
.1 
 
Thomas Todd Co., Printers