DRIVING THE NEW YORK SUBWAY MARCH 24, 1900 OCTOBER 27, 1904 Avery Architectural and Fine" Arts Library Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 http://archive.org/details/drivingnewyorksuOOinge Stilting fljc Hely Moris 4> March 24, 1900 October 27, 1904 The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company New York SEYMOUR DURST The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company Officers W. L. SAUNDERS President JOHN A. McCALL \ J. P. GRACE [ . , Vice-presidents GEO. R. ELDER ) GEO. DOU15LEDAY Treasurer W. R. GRACE . Secretary The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company Main Office 26 Cortlandt Street, New York City Offices Cleveland, Ohio .... Williamson Building Chicago, Illinois, 84 Van Buren Street, Old Colony Building Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . . . Arcade Building . Park Building 77 Oliver Street . Fullerton Building 17 iS California Street 21 Fremont Street 191 S Morris Avenue 226 Southwest Temple Street 300 Main Street Fourth and Wacouta Streets 310 First Avenue . Coristine Building Dolores No. 20, Mexico, D. F. 1 14 Queen Victoria Street 187 Clarence Street P. O. Box 152 P. O. Box 1S09 W. R. Grace & Co. . W. R. Grace & Co. 51 Rue de la Chaussee, D'Antin Kaiser Wilhelm Strasse 2 Galemaya 5 Pittsburg, Pennsylvania . Boston, Massachusetts . St. Louis, Missouri Denver, Colorado . San Francisco, California Birmingham, Alabama Salt Lake City, Utah . 22 Butte, Montana St. Paul, Minnesota Seattle, Washington Montreal, Canada Mexico City . 2a De London, England Sydney, New South Wales Kalgoorlie, West Australia Johannesburg, South Africa Valparaiso, Chili Lima, Peru Paris, France . Berlin, Germany St. Petersburg, Russia Cable Address " Ironchain New Vork " " Enyam London " "Airmachine Berlin " Broomhall's, Leiber's and ABC Codes used When referring to this catalogue use the cipher word Driving the New York Subway N front of the City Hall, on March 24, 1900, Mayor Robert A. Van Wyck turned the first spadeful of earth on the New York Rapid Transit Subway. On October 27, 1904, the new system was opened for public service. This latter date marks practically the completion of one of the greatest engineering feats in history. From now on some of the millions of travelers on the New York transportation systems will be withdrawn from the surface and elevated lines of the city and will be whisked along underground at breathless speed over a roadway as smooth as that of the finest railway. The traveler, as he makes this smooth dash through the Subway, will little realize the labor, money and brain matter that has been the price of his comfort. It is a good time to stop and consider — " lest we forget." 5 Dntoing tl)c j^rtu Povft subway To build an underground railway 15 miles long is in itself something of an undertaking. To build such a railway under the streets of the second city in the world, without injury to buildings or interrup- tion to traffic, is quite another and larger proposition. Yet the work has been done — and another artery has been added to the throbbing transportation system of the great city. The new system will always be known as the Subway, yet it is not all underground. Of the 20.8 miles included, 5.8 miles are a viaduct. Most of this is at the extreme northern end of the line. < >f the remaining 15 miles, 10.46 were built on the "cut and cover " system, and 4.54 were tunneled. The greater part of the work lay where questions of economy and local conditions demanded a mini- mum depth, and there the " cut and cover " method was employed. The excavation was made in open cut, in which a steel structure has been built, sup- porting the roof and sides. The cross section is rectangular. Steel columns, rising between the tracks from the concrete floor, bear the steel roof beams, between which concrete arches are turned. The sides of the section are of concrete, and top, bottom and sides are covered with a water-proof layer to exclude moisture. The height in the clear 6 Brtbmg ttye 0tXo got* ^utotwar above rails is 13 feet and the width varies with the number of tracks — two, three, four and five, in different sections. Portal to the Tunnel under Central Park Tunnels were driven where the rugged topog- raphy of the upper island demanded. There is nothing novel in their construction. They are con- crete lined and, where ample head room was avail- able, are spanned by a single arch. In other places the roof is a two and three-center arch. 7 IDnfcmg tljc jMu pot* sulnuay The open excavation for the Subway had to be at least 18 feet deep. Most of the sewers in New York are less than 13 feet deep, while water and gas mains are not so deep. This meant that all the latter sub-surface construction had to be removed and replaced without interruption. It was a nice problem, but it was done. In one place a complete new sewer system was built leading to the East River instead of to the Hudson. Open Excavation on Fourth Avenue 8 mitring tljc j^eto potft ^iilrtoa? To the engineer and the man of affairs, figures are more impressive than mere statements. Some of the principal quantities involved in the construc- tion of the Subway are given, taken from the report of the chief engineer : Total length Earth excavated . Rock excavated . Rock tunneled Steel used .... Cast-iron used Concrete used Brick used • Waterproofing Length of track, underground Length of track, elevated Contract price Value of contract equipment Contract time [09,570 feet 1,700,228 cubic yards 921,182 cubic yards 368,606 cubic yards 65,044 tons 7,901 tons 489,122 cubic yards 18.519 cubic yards 775,795 square yards 245,514 feet 59,766 feet $35,000,000 6,000,000 4]/ 2 years An examination of this list shows that by far the most costly item was that of the rock excavation in open cut and tunnel. The rock encountered was almost entirely mica schist and gneiss — the latter approaching granite in its hardness. Evidently the cost and time limit demanded the use of the best machine methods. Compressed air was chosen as the motive power for tools, because of its ease of 9 ©tttomg tl)e /Sett gorfe ^ubtwar transmission, its comfort in the workings and its adaptability to rock drills, hoists and pneumatic riveting tools. It is unquestionably true that without the air compressor and rock drill the Subway could never have been built within the specified limits of time and cost. The main contract was subdivided and let to a number of sub-contractors. Some of these contrac- tors installed their own compressor plants, others united in a plant to supply their sections. In every case, the result w r as a central compressed air plant, from which pipe lines distributed the air to the rock drills at work in the excavations and the pneumatic tools used in the steel construction. One great advantage of this system of power was seen in the absence of scattered boilers, with their heat and smoke, shifting "from place to place as the work progressed. More effective work was done by the tools, as a result of the higher pressure available with air. This system also permitted the reduction of the • number of licensed engineers, required by law at each steam plant ; the concentration of danger from boiler explosion at one point; and the higher economy to the contractor secured by one high-grade centralized power plant. Compressed air had proved its reliability in a dozen earlier public enter- 1 1 prises and it was adopted in driving the Subway because of its recognized value. It is no exaggera- tion to say that compressed air made the Subway possible. The Subway is finished. The clatter of drills and the roar of the blast is no longer heard in the land of Father Knickerbocker. The public breathes freely once more. All hail to compressed air, which made the Subway possible — the good angel alike of contractor and citizen. ©rtiring tljc ^et» povh ^ubm^ Dn\nng tt)c j5c\u Porft sub\uav I ngersoll -Sergeant Machinery in Driving the Subway In the vast enterprise just outlined Ingersoll- Sergeant air compressors and rock drills played an important part. The Subway, impressive as it is in completion, was not spectacular in process of con- struction. It was not intended to be driven at a record-breaking rate. Steady and unbroken prog- ress was the keynote of advancement. Delays of days, hours even, counted against the progress and had to be avoided so far as human foresight could provide. The limits of man's physical endur- ance were recognized and so the army of workmen was divided into shifts. Not so with the machines. They were required to keep everlastingly at it, with- out relief, without a rest. The race was not to be to the swift, but to the strong. The question was not one of speed alone, but of speed and endurance and low operating cost. All these things were appre- ciated by the Subway contractors and, wise in the lessons of former contracts, they chose Ingersoll- Sergeant machines — machines whose economy, sim- plicity and reliability had been proved by years of hard service. 14 Of the twenty-six air compressors used by the various contractors, sixteen were built by the Inger- soll - Sergeant Drill Company. Their size and capacities are given hereafter. These machines fur- nished compressed air for rock drills, pumps, hoists and pneumatic tools. Following the compressors will be seen a list of the one hundred and ninety- four drills used. These tabulated lists make an impres- sive array and speak volumes for the merits of the machines. They show how large a part Ingersoll- Sergeant machinery had in driving the Subway. Ingersoll-Sergeant Air Compressors in the Subway No. Size and Class Cu. Ft. Cap. H.-P. 18 and iS}{ x 24-inch, Class U A" 1312 262 2 22 and 22/4 x 24-inch, Class "A" I946 388 8 24 and 24^ x 30-inch, Class "A" 9784 I936 2 22 and 34, 30-X and 30 % x 24- inch, Class " G" . 7694 720 I 22 and 40', 22 j4 and 36%' x 48- inch, Class " C "-Corliss 3350 664 I 24 and 44, 24 l X an d 24^ x 48- inch, Class " C "-Corliss 3422 690 16 28,008 4660 15 DvMng tlic jMu Porh ^uinuav Ingersoll-Sergeant Rock Drills in the Subway jioiorooK, ^anoi ana uaiy .... j/ Ira A. Shaler 4° Degnon McLean ...... 13 Naughton and Co. ..... 36 Karrell and Hopper ..... 23 Mi Mullen and Mc Heart 5 John Pilkington ...... 10 New York Tunnel Co. 24 Drilling from a Platform in the Broadway " Ditch " 16 bribing tl)c &t*w gorfi ^ubtDar Ingersoll-Sergeant Ticket Cancellers in the Subway There can be no delay in the collection of tickets at a Subway station. To facilitate the collec- tion of fares, insure against the re-use of tickets and to increase the capacity of the passenger stations, one hundred ticket cancelling boxes, built by the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company, have been in- stalled at the passenger stations along the Subway. They are handsome little boxes, of walnut and plate glass, and have demonstrated their usefulness in •over twenty years of service on the elevated roads, railways and ferries of this country and England. Drnnng tl)c ftnv Porfc suinuav ©rftrfng tl)t Bfw gorft ^ubtrar Ingersoll-Sergeant Compressors in the Operation of the Subway Subway express trains will run at 40 miles an hour. At such speeds, on a system so vast and in- tricate as that of the Subway, every precaution must be taken to ensure the safety of the public. With this in mind, a block system with electro-pneumatic interlocking switches and signals has been installed, as perfect as that on the largest railway. With so much at stake, with so many lives de- pendent upon the safety devices, none but appliances and machines of the very highest class could be employed. And so the compressed air for the opera- tion of switches and signals is furnished by motor- driven air compressors built by the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company, located in seven sub-stations along the line. No higher tribute could be paid to the recognized qualities of Ingersoll-Sergeant machines — reliability, economy and simplicity. They have a name and a record back of them. One of the Subway compressors is seen on the opposite page. 9 Driving tl)c jMu Porft suinuav Ingersoll-Sergeant Machinery ill Great Public Utilities Wherever there has been a great public work to do, with rock to be excavated, there the machines of the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Company have been found cheerfully and creditably bearing their share, and usually the larger share of the burden. North, South, Fast, West, at home and abroad, they are everywhere recognized as the contractor's mainstay — his faithful friend and ally. These machines, air compressors and rock drills and stone channelers, are free from the un- fortunate habits so discouraging to the active, pro- gressive contractor. They never become dissatisfied ; they work as cheerfully for twenty-four hours as for eight hours in a day ; they are proof against all demoralizing influences; they never ask for a " lay- off " ; they never get tired of their job, and " move on " ; they are not affected by the heat of Summer, or the cold of Winter. They can be depended upon, always and everywhere. Ingersoll-Sergeant rock-excavating machines have made an enviable record. A glance through the list of great public enterprises following will 20 bribing tl)c Bern gotfi ^ubtoar show how powerful a factor they have been in making practicable these huge works so character- istic of modern civilization. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Tunnel i Jell 11111W1 t V_/d.I I ctLllctl 1 L ctC 111 U JvclllI UclU. 1 Ullllci Canada J-T 1 1 fi n Txi^'Pr T* nnnpl XX UUoUH XV 1 i CI 1 UI111CJ i> C \\ 1 OIK. New York Aqueduct Tunnel New York New York New T-Tavpn 8? FTartforrl Railrmrl Tunnel . . . Connecticut Southern Pacific Railroad Tunnel . California Vosburg Tunnel ...... Pennsylvania Washington Aqueduct . D. C. Chicago Drainage Canal .... Chicago Hallett's Point Reef New York Detroit River ... ... Detroit Georgetown Harbor ..... D. C. Jerome Park Reservoir . . . N . New York Delaware River Pennsylvania St. Mary's Falls Canal Michigan Harlem River . . . . . . New York Toronto and Niagara Power Company Tunnel Canada Gallitzen Tunnel ...... Pennsylvania 21 r>mnng tlic jMu Porn ^ulrtuav I ngcrsoll-Sergeant Rock Drills Ingersoll-Sergeant Rock Drills need no intro- duction to manager, engineer or contractor. For thirty-five years they have been the standard of rock drilling machinery. They have participated in every great public work, they have had a part in every great private enterprise where rock excavation was involved. In tunnels, canals, quarries, mines, the wide world over, they have set the pace for rapid work and have been the standard of endurance. The extent of their use has become a measure of progress. The development of these drills has been a process of evolution through thirty-five years and over forty thousand numbers. Their present forms represent the survival of the fittest. The few pages following picture and classify the four standard types which long years of hard service have proved equal to any demand. Details of size and con- struction are found in the Rock Drill Catalog, which is sent to those who ask for it. Miring tyt /to gorfe ^>ubt»ai? The Sergeant Auxiliary Valve Drill It is distinguished from all others by the auxiliary valve acting as a trigger to the main air- thrown valve. Its blow is uncushioned, its stroke variable. In the hardest rock, no drill strikes harder or cuts more rapidly. It is a powerful machine and under the most severe conditions, is, without doubt, the most effective and reliable drill on the market. 23 Drnnng t lie jMd pot* sulrtuay The Sergeant Arc Valve Tappet Drill In this, all the objections to the old-time tappet drill have been eliminated and the machine brought up to modern effectiveness. In rock reasonably firm, not too hard, the variable stroke and slightly cushioned blow of this drill secure excellent results. The valve movement is peculiarly effective where wet steam is to be used, but air is the best agent to employ. 24 bribing tlje &t\x> ^orft ^ubtua^ The New Ingersoll Drill This is a machine of great usefulness, with an air-thrown valve. In soft or seamy or broken rock, it does excellent work, but when hard rock is en- countered its stunning uncushioned blow meets the emergency. It is a drill of great endurance and capacity — probably the best for all-around purposes. ~5 Dntomg tl)c fttxo pot* ^ubuviv The Ingersoll Eclipse Drill Here is the "old reliable," and its friends are legion. It is the original of all independent valve types. Its stroke is variable, its blow heavy and uncushioned. In rock of almost any character, it performs in a manner above reproach. Many of the oldest users of power drills consider it the best machine made. 26 Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Mountings The illustrations on the four preceding pages show the drills mounted on the Sergeant Universal Tripod. There are other forms of mounting. All styles are listed below.. Sergeant Universal Tripod Ingersoll Tripod Quadrant Tripod Lewis Hole Tripod Double Screw Tunnel Column Single Screw Shaft Column ?7 Driving tlic j}c\u pot* *uMuav I ngersoll-Sergeant Air Compressors There are many good things characteristic of [ngersoll-Sergeant Air Compressors, but space per- mits mention of only a few ; exclusive features of design, highest grade of materials, perfect work- manship, thorough tests. Hut the result of them all is summed up in three qualities, qualities peculiar to I ngersoll-Sergeant machines— economy, simplicity, reliability. A few of jthe many types are shown here, and the Compressor Catalog, No. 35, tells more about the in. An I ngersoll-Sergeant Corliss Compressor 2S Ingersoll-Sergeant Air Compressors Class "A" Compressor 2 9 I ngersoll-Sergeant Products • • • Quarrying Machinery Steam Driven and Air Driven tor Marble, Slate Sandstone, Serpentine, Granite and all rocks Track Channeler Undercutting Channeler Broncho Channeler Quarry Bar Gadder 30 Ingersoll-Sergeant Products • • • Haeseler Chipping and Riveting Hammers Haeseler Rotary and Piston Drills Pohle and Saunders Air Lift Systems Coal Cutters and Drills Drift Bolt and Pile Drivers Tamping Machines Air Receivers and Reheaters Hose and Hose Couplings 31 Driving tl)c finv Porn suinuav No. 5. Catalog — Labor Saving Tools, Operated l>y Com- pressed air. No. 35. Catalog — Air Compressors. No. 43. Calalog — Rock Drills, Mining and Quarrying Machinery. No. 51. Catalog — Compressed Air vs. Electricity in Coal Mines. No. 81. Catalog — Flowing/ >il Wells with Compressed Air. No. 109. Pamphlet — Compressed Air in Railroad Shops. No. 146. Booklet — The use of Compressed Air in the Monon Railroad Shops. No. 147. Booklet — Pumping Water by Compressed Air at Dixon, 111. No. 148. Booklet — Model Compressed Air Foundry Plant. No. 154. Booklet — Rock Drill. No. 167. Booklet — Abundant Pure Water Underground. The Air Lift. No. 193. Booklet — Baldwin Acetylene Lamp for Mines. No. 242. Booklet — Moving roo,ooo Tons of Rock. Rock No. 254. Booklet — Rock Drill Estimate. No. 322. Booklet — The " Broncho " Channeler. No. 337. Pamphlet — Before and After. Quarrying. .No. 340. Booklet — Blue Book of Air Compressors* No. 540. Booklet— The City of Rockford. Rock Drills Drills. Harriett & Compa The Orr Press New York AVEKY |