MASTER NEGA TI] 'E NO 92-80465-7 MICROFILMED 1992 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project" Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United States Code -- concerns the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material... Columbia University Library reserves the right to refuse to accept a copy order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: TITLE: TRIAL OF THE POPE OF ROME PLACE: BOSTON DA TE : 1844 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TAUHFT Master Negative # Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record mmr-'am'mmr* Restrictions on Use: crJC I', .*i T ^ vc t^ \'iH^ ■^-?^ TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA FILM SIZE: ^^1_1___J__-^ REDUCTION RATIO- IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA IIA. IB IIB DATE FILMED: Dj2S/.l2::l_ INITIALS ^ ^ HLMEDBY: RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS. INC VVOO Di RrDGE7cT~ " /O / c Association for Information and Image Management 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100 Silver Spring. Maryland 20910 301/587-8202 Centimeter 1 2 3 11 4 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiili 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 mm ^ I I Inches I 1 1 T TTT 1.0 I.I 1.25 i I I I 1 1^ 2.5 1^ l^jl 2.2 ■ 63 t_i.i. 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.6 prrrr MRNUFflCTURED TO fillM STONDORDS BY fiPPLIED IMOGE, INC. ss^:^^EBsMSs^h^S^S^ ^^^^HkMH^^^^dHMdU j i ii Clas 3 36 Book T73 Columbia College Library Madison Av. and 49th St. New York. Btside the main topic this book also trrats of Subject No, ihipage Subject No. On page \ 1 I * V \ THE TRIAL OF TUB POPE OP EOME, ' THE ANTICIIIUST, OR MAN OF SIN, DJiSCRIBED IN THE BIBLE, FOR HIGH TREASON AGALXSf THE SON OF GOD. TRIED AT TIIK SESSIONS HOUSE OF TRUTH, REFORB The Right Hon. DIVINE REVELATION, Lord Ctiiol Justice ol Ui« M,,j.-»(y'8 Court ot Kqmy ; The Hon. Justice REASON, Of the caid Court ; and The Hon. Justice HISTORY, One of the Jtutico* of IIu Majesty', Court of lufor.naUon. TAKEV IN SiroRT HAND, BY A FRIEND TO ST. PETER, Profe^,ar of Steno^aphy, awl .^uthrr of ^^Diah.rurs between th, Jipo.Ue M. Peter and Hi, HoUne,,s the Pope o/Ro.ne/^c^^'c. SECOND A3IER1CAN EDITIQX, WITH AN APPENDIX. R O S T O N : T A P P A N AND D E N N E T , Hi Washington Strjet. 1844. 57931 PREFACE. c •^ Entered according t( Act of Congress, in the year 1843, Br TAPPAN t DENXET, In the Clerk's Office of the Di:jtrict Court of Massachusetts. The author of the following pages takes the Hberty of introducing them before the pubhc, in hopes tliat they may convey infor- mation and profit. He has before evidenced that he considers the controversy between Truth and Error of no small moment, and that the doctrines maintaijied by the church of Rome demand the most serious investigation. He is aware of the ofFence he is likely to give, both to Roman Catliolics and others, who reject the precept of an inspired apostle' to TRY the spirits, whether thcij are of God To such he has otily to observe, tiiat he views himself in the path of duty, in not walking by their rule. The encouragement he has received from many, proves that there are yet in Ireland those who respect the Protestant faith. To such he doubts not the Trial of Antichrist will prove acceptable. ^ifcrary of David Kin^. Leavitt o. Co. -j.aa / 21 1884 1 1 % * 6 PREFACE. Some have intimated to him his personal danger from those who are zealous for the Roman Catholic faith. This is one argument why that religion should be contended with, which will justify an injury done to another who differs from it. It is a clear proof that it is not of God. A late Roman Catholic writer in the city of Dublin* admits, in his preface to his last work, that " it is a matter of the last impor- tance to establish the truth of one relimon, and to discern this one true religion from such as are false, since it is absolutciv necessary to salvation." Those whu really believe this cannot be offended at the investigation of the subject. It may be necessary to notice the plan pur- sued. The pope is charged with high treason against the King of heaven, for usurping his su[)remacy, dignified titles, flower, Slc, The indictment goes as far back as the year 606, when he first was acknowledged as the universal bishop ; and some of the principal circumstances recorded in history from that lime to the present are brought forward to * Rev. W. Gabon's Short and Easy Method to discern the True Religion. I' f PREFACE. 7 support the charge. The form of a state trial is almost, if not altogether, constantly attended to, and such legal phrases used as to keep up the idea of a court of justice. TJie pope being acknowledged by Catholics as the head of the church, and supposed alway to exist, he is arraigned as such by various names ; so that when one dies it is only sup- posed that he changes his name. The wit- nesses, of course, are always considered to be alive, and martyrs who were burnt to ashes, or otherwise put to death, are supposed to be delivered. It is designed to be an abridgment of ecclesiastical fiistory, and to confirm the testimony of Scripture. A Friend to St. Peter. Dublin, Inland. t^aJjlaSx^-: CONTENTS. THE Page. Indictment 9 Jury 28 Attorney-Clenerars Speech iiU Couns. Quibble's Speech.. 3-4 Principal M'itnesses examined. Hist.irifal Truth 33 M, G5, BO, 92, 142 riiocas, Kinpiror 35 Cardinal Baronius ,'3() (.'ardirial Bt>llarniine 4'i Kniperor Bardanes 4.} Knjperor Leo 41- Kniperor Constanlinc \(i l'-nip«'r<»r Leo IV 'kJ Childrric, Kinu of France. 47 lliMiry l\'. Kniprror 4'J Basilaus IL Kinj: of I'oland />I Leopold, Duke ot' Austria. . b\ Hrnry V'L Lin[)eror 52 Alpfionso, Kini; of (Jalicia. 52 Joiiii, Kintj of Knirland.... 52 Philip, Duke of Suabia.... 55 Otiio. Kniperor 55 Pliilij). Kin^ of Frmrc.... 55 h"r<'(U'ri(' II. Knip<*ror 5<) I'liilip, Kinfr of trance.... 58 Sitiisuiund. Kuipcror GO Lewis XII. of I'ranri^ (>5 Henry \ 111. of Kn;;land... (>7 Joan, (Jueen of JNuvarre. . . GD Kliz ih«'tli.tiueen of Kn<;land Gl> Henry III. of Irance 71 Henry l\'. of France 72 James L Kin^ of Kn<^dand. 74 Charles \'L Kmperor 77 Hi hernia Catholic 78 Apostle Peter 84 Apostle Paul 8G APPKISDLX Page. PeterdeBruis 89 Arnold 90 Cierald, W'aldcnses 91 Walter Lollard 97 John VVicklirt' 98 William Sawtre 99 Thomas Badly 100 Sir John Oldcastle 101 John Huss 102 Jerome of Prague 103 Joroniino Savonerola lot Martin Luther 100 Philip Melancthon 118 Clric Zuini^lius 120 Prince of Orange 120 John Calvin 121 Peter Martyr 123 .Vufjustine Casal 123 Denis Kenix 121 .\dmiral (-oligny 125 F;ither Paul \M) William Tindal 133 Thomas Bennet l.U Jolin Ilo'^ers i.JG Lawrence Saunders, &;c.. I;i8 Bishop of St. David's.... 139 Rowland Taylor 139 Bish()ps Latimer, llidlcy, and Cranmor 139, 140 (leortie Marbh. tfcc 141 Sir John Temple 14,3 Mr. Hume 141 Dr. Maxwtdl llo KiufT Kdwjird. Confessor. 1 4<3 Hate Controversy 149 Thuanus '. 14^ H. KoIk maker LX) Bonaparte 150 Half-lVotestant 150 TRIAL OF THE POPE OF ROME. .\m I The Proceedings at a Special Commission, held at the Sessions House of Truth, in order to the Trial of the Pope, for Higli Treason against His Most Sacred Majesty, King of Heaven and Earth. The Court being seated, the commission of oyer and terminer, under the great seal of Heaven, was read, when, a bill being found by the grand jury, the prisoner, after manifesting considerable reluc- tance, was brought to the bar. Clerk of the Crown. " Antichrist, alias Man of Sin, alias Roman Pon- tiff, hold up your right hand. You stand indicted, for that you, not having the fear of God before your eyes, but being moved and seduced by the devil, did associate with other false traitors against our Sovereign Lord, the present and everlasUng King, your supreme and undoubted Lord, not cons'iderin'g the duty of your allegiance, but wholly withdraw^ 10 TRIAL OF THE POPE. ing, the peace and common tranquillity of his king- dom to disturb, and our Sovereiixn Lord the Kin^r from his royal state, title, power, to depose and de- prive, and our Sovereign Lord the King to death put. *' You, the said Antichrist, and so forth, with other false traitors, did usurp authority contrary to every act and statute of our Sovereign Lord the Kinjr ; and, in the year of our Soverciim Lord six hundred and six, in the city of Home, in Italy, did erect your throne, in opposition to the throne in Heaven. And in furtherance of your most evil intentions and treasonable imairinatiom?, as such false traitor, feloniously and maliciously did con- spire and combine together with other false trai- tors, particularly with that monster of wickedness, Phocas, who nmrdered his master, the emperor Mauritius, and his family, consisting of six sons and two daughters. Li return for the favor and countenance he received from you, he conferred upon you the title of Uxivkrsal Bishop, and you were then known by the name of Pope Boniface IIL ** And afterwards, at the said city of Rome, iu further pursuance of said treason and rebellion, you, the said Antichrist, being lifted up with pride by the prince of darkness, did, in order to gratify your ambition, and promote rebellion, add various other high and dignitied titles, in open detiance of the crown, dignity, and honor, of our Sovereicrn Lord the King ; such as Christ's Viccircrnit, His Holiness, Prinee over all Nations and Kingdoms, King of Kings and Lord of Lords, The Lord God the Pope, and so forth , so that, sitting in the temple of God, you did proclaim to the world that you held your throne on earth, not simply as a man, but as true God ! " And in furtherance of your most treasonable INDICTMENT. 11 and rebellious designs, you, the said Antichrist, did, from time to time, wickedly, falsely, and ma- liciously, associate with other false traitors, with force of arms make and levy war, with intent our Sovereign Lord the King of, and from his royal state to depose, and deprive, and to kill, and put to death ; and as such false traitor felon iousFj- and maliciously did conspire and combine with other filse traitors to raise and levy cruel insurrections, rebellions, and wars, w ithin his kingdom ; did col- lect together arms, ammunition, gunpowder, and shot, for the purposes of said rel)ellions, and to levy war within his kingdom ; and for many years, in many countries, in many nations, with force and arms, falsely and traitorously did use, and procure to be used, many hundred thousand pikes, and sundry other arms, and did procure an immense (juantity of gunpowder, with racks, gibbets, fire, swords, red-hot pincers, thumb-screws, whips, cords, and various other instruments of torture, (which, for cruelty and diabolical ingenuity, could scarcely be ecjualled in all the dark regions of in- fernal spirits,) for the purpose of carrying on said insurrections and rebellions within his kingdom, and therewith cruel slaughters made amonlr the faithful subjects of our Lord the King within his kingdom. "And in furtherance of said treasonable designs, you, the said Antichrist, did associate with, *and' caused yourself to be proclaimed the head, and did become the ringleader, of a certain society, called the Roman Catholic and Apostolic Church ; and for the purpose of supporting your tyrannical and usurped authority in direct opposition to every divine law of our Sovereign Lord the King, you did confer on other false traitors, in said society, 12 TRIAL OF THE POPE. divers and numerous honors and titles, such as cardinals, poprJs nuncios, apostolic vicars, pope's legates, archbishops, holy fathers of inquisitions^ inquisitor-generals , prelates, monks, hermits, Jes- 7iits, Augustine monks, Benedictine jjwnks, Domin- ican friars, Franciscan friars, mendicant friars, Jansenists, Molinists, abbots, abbesses, priests^ canons, Carmelites, nuns, &lc., &c. All of those said traitors have heen engaged, and most of them deeply concerned, in the many treasons, rebellions, and murders, committed by you at various times. " And in further pursuance of said treasonable designs, you, the said Antichrist, in order to draw others into rebellion and treason, did forge and counterfeit, and did cause to be forged and coun- terfeited, the name, hand-writing, and seal, of our Sovereign Lord the King, witli intent wickedly, feloniously, and maliciously, to deceive the world, and force obedience to yourself. For which pur- pose you caused it to be proclaimed that you were appointed by divine authority to be the head of the church, and Christ^s vicar on earth, and that by the positive mandate and decree of our Sovereign Lord the Kinor aiven under his hand and seal, at Jeru- salem in Judea, in Asia. " And in furtherance of said treason and rebel- lion, you, the said Antichrist, wilfully, wickedly, and maliciously, did forge and counterfeit, and cause to be forcred and counterfeited, the hand- writing of one of his Most Sacred Majesty's loyal and confidential servants, namely, the apostle Peter, from whom you have presumed to declare you re- ceived your authority to commit treason, rebellion, and murder, with every other crime, in the name of the holy and righteous God of heaven and earth, our Sovereign Lord and King, and your INDICTMENT. 13 supreme and undoubted Lord. And you propa- gated, and caused to be propagated, designedly, maliciously, and falsely, that, in order to delegate you with princely power and unheard-of tyranny, the said apostle Peter came to the city of Rome' as prince of the apostles, and invested i/ou with all your titles and power to govern the church of Christ in the universal world. "And afterwards, at sundry times, and at the said city of Rome, in further pursuance of said treason and rebellion, you, the said Antichrist, did feloniously write, and cause to be written, several rebellious manifestoes or proclamations, termed pope's bulls; to support your unlawful supremacy, to give indulgences to sin, and commission to vio^ late every law of God, to pardon treason, to give liberty to souls in misery, giving encouragement to subjects to rebel against their lawful sovereign, to hurl kings and princes from their thrones, and to encourage murder, treason, rebellion, rapine, and blood, with every detestable crime that can be named by human tongue; and for this purpose did make open publication of the same as being the manifestoes or proclamations termed Bulls of His Holiness the Pope of Rome, Vicar of Christ, Prince over all nations and kingdoms, &c., 6lc,; and did circulate the same among different nations and people, for the purpose of inciting and encour- aging them to enter into rebellion against our Sovereign Lord the King, within his kingdom. " And in furtherance of your most evil inten- tions and treasonable imanrinations, as such false traitor, you, the said Antichrist, feloniously and maliciously did conspire and combine, together with other false traitors, to excite all the nations on earth to repair to your pretended consecrated o 14 TRIAL OF THE POPE. Standard, in open rebellion against our Sovereign Lord the King. **And for the purpose of further promoting your treason and rebellion, you did from time to time chanire your title; commanding yourselt to be called by various names, insomuch that from the day you first usurped that of imivcrsol hi^hnp, by the name of Boniface III., to that on which you arrived at the hiithest pitch of Papal grandeur, under that of Grecrory Vll., you assumed no less than one hundred and fourteen appellations. And from that date to the present, you have continued to chancre vour name, for the vile purpose ot al- lurin(T oriiers into vour awful rebellion and treason acraiiK^t the King o'f kings and Lord of lords, and his imperial crown and dignity. **And in further pursuance of said treason and rebellion, vou, the said Antichrist, did openly and publiclv, in the year of our Lord 7r>l, presume to depose'kmcrs, aiid establish yourself as a temporal prince. You therefore did, bv the name of Pope Zachary L, dethrone Childeric IlL, king of France, and invest with royalty the usurper Pepin in his place. From this period you carried two swords, to signify both your temporal and spiritual power, and lissumed more and more authority ; you, as Christ's vicegerent, claimed the same power as would belong^to Christ alone, had he been person- ally on earth, reigning on his throne. You even used to be called Ood on earth, and most of the princes of Europe submitted to your rebellious arms and usurped supremacy You also brought emperors and kin-s to kiss your feet, to receive their crowns from your hands, and princes dreaded your displeasure more than they would a thunder- bolt from heaven. If you were pleased to excom- INDICTMENT. 15 municate a king, all his subjects were by you de- clared to he free from their allegiance, and obliored to renounce it on pain of your displeasure ; and not only so, but any man might kill him. Further, you arrogated the power of damning the souls of men, and persuaded the people (whom you had deluiled into your rebellion) to believe that you possessed that ability, so that whoever died under your excommunication was considered by them as eternully lost. " And in furtherance of your most wicked and traitorous designs, you, the said Antichrist, not having the fear of God before your eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the great promoter, and your coiiperator in rebellion, the devil, did, with force of arms, by craft, subtlety, and superstition, falsely, wickedly, and traitorously, compass, imagine, and intend, our said Lord the King, then and there your supreme, true, and law- ful Lord, of and from the royal state, crown, title, power, and government, of his imperial realm, to depose and wholly deprive, and to death and de- struction bring; did levy and make war for several centuries, to support your usurped authority, and to overthrow and destroy the government and con- stitution of the kingdom of our Lord, to establish your tyrannical and despotic decrees, laws, and canons, to the certain destruction of all who are drawn by you into your treasons, and die in a state of rebellion against our Sovereign Lord the King. ** And in furthtT prosecution of said wicked designs as aforesaid, you, the said Antichrist, did, after you dethroned Childeric, king of France, de- pose, and deprive, and excommunicate, a number of princes, contrary to every law and statute of our Sovereign Lord the King, made in that case and provided. During the time you went by the name 16 TRIAL OF THE POPE. INDICTMENT. 17 it of Pope Innocent III., at the commencement of the thirteenth century, when the empire of Germa- ny was disputed hetween Philip, duke of Suabia, and Otho IV., you first espoused the cause of Otho, and thundered out your excommunications against Philip, and, upon the death of the latter, in the year 1209, you placed the imperial diadem upon the head of his adversary, who, not beincr disposed to bow sufficiently to your ambitious desire, in his turn felt your malice and resentment. You there- fore declared him unworthy of the empire, and anathematized and deposed him in the year 1212, and raised his pupil, Frederic II., to the throne and dignity in his place. " You also excommunicated and deposed John, king of England, and absolved all his subjects from their oaths of allegiance, when you proclaimed the kingdom under an interdict, shut up all the places of public worship for three years, declared the throne of England vacant, and requested the king of France to execute your sentence, and undertake the conquest of Britain ; till John was compelled to pay large sums of money for both England and Ireland, to do homage before your lerrate at Dover, and receive his crown from his hands, as a special favor from you, as his holiness the pope and prince of the apostles, at\er it was detained five days. *' When you were called by the name oV Pope Constantine, in the year 712, you also deprived Philippicus Bardanes, emperor of the Greeks. " By the name of Gregory I. and II., you excom- municated Leo, the Isaurian emperor. •' In the year 1070, by the name of Gregory VII., you deposed Henry IV., emperor. " By the name of Celestine III., you excommuni- cated Henry VI., emperor. *• By the same name you excommunicated Leopold, duke of Austria. *' By the same name you excommunicated Alphon- so X., king of Galicia and Leon. ** By the name of Innocent IH., you deprived Philip Augustus, king of France. " In the year 1215, by the names of Gregory IX. and Innocent IV., you deposed Frederic II. emperor. ' "In the year 1:308, by the name of Boniface yiH., you deprived Philip the Fair, kincr of France. '^ " In tlie year 1512, bv the name of Julius II. you deprived Louis XII., king of France. " In the year lo:jS, by the name of Paul IH., you deprived Henry VIH., king of Enirland. "In the year 1570, by the name of Pius V., you de|)rived Elizabeth, (pieen of England. ''By the name of Paul IV., you issued out your edict in the year 15():5, to order Joan, queen of Navarre, to aj)pear before your tribunal at Rome, to answer for the crime of rejectincr your authority. ° " In the year LW), !)y the name of Sixtus V., you delivered a famous (or rather an infaiiious) oration, applauding the murder of Henry lU., king of France, by a Jacobine friar, as both afhnirablv and miritorious. " By the name of Urban II., you prohibited bishops and priests from promising allegiance to kincrs and princes. *^ " By the name of Martin V., you forced the em- peror Sigismund to violate his covenant and promise, and made that diabolical decree, that Jaitk must not be kept tcith heretics. * By the name of Clement IX., you presumed to o » 18 TRIAL OF THE POPE. INDICTMENT. 19 ^1 deprive James I., king of England, of his right to the crown, even before he ascended the ihfvHie, iind after \\ aids attempted to dcstro)' both him and his parliament by gunpowder. ** By the name of Clement XL, you declared the treaty of Charles VI., emperor, to be null and void, (so far as it did not appear to the interest of your government,) although repeatedly con- firmed by oath ; and, " By the name of Gregory VII., y(Ki not only de- throned Basilius, king of Poland, but you pe Clement VIL *' And in furtherance of said treason and rebel- lion, you, the said Antichrist, with other false traitors, did wickedly, wilfully, and maliciously, murder, and cause to be murdered, many hundred thousand subjects of our Sovereign Lord the King, who refused to own your assumed supremacy. — To enumerate all the said murders would be a task INDICTMENT. 21 impossible for men, if not for angels, to perform : but you did, by various instruments, put to death upwards of a million of the people called Walden- ses and Albigenses, whom you persecuted with fire and sword for several centuries. And you also burnt very many faithful preachers of the kingdom of our Lord. And you did, on the twenty-fourth day of August, 1572, and few following days, cause to be murdered at Paris, in France,^70,000 persons, who were massacred by one of your agents called Charles IX., and who, in a few years, °imr- dered 300,001) ! ! Within thirty years were killed, in France, 89 princes, 148 counts, 234 barons' 147,518 gentlemen, and 700,000 persons of infe- rior rank in life, but whose blood equally called for justice. "And you did in England, during the short reign of the ever-to-be-e\ecrated Queen Mary, burn 1 archbishop, 4 bishops, 21 preachers, 8 gen- tlemen, 84 artificers, 100 husbandmen and laborers, 26 wives, 20 widows, 9 unmarried women, 2 boys* and two infants. And in Ireland, also, you did' in the year 1041, cause to be murdered 40,000 persons. And in Scotland, in Holland, in Ger- many, in Spain, in Italy, in Portugal, in Poland, in Hungary, in Bohemia, and other countries in Europe, and in South America, innumerable mul- titudes have been slaughtered by your rebellious arms, for the vile purpose of promoting said insur- rections and treasons within the kingdom of our Sovereign Lord, the Everlasting King. And for the purposes of your treasonable imaginations as aforesaid, our said Lord the King from the royal state, title, honor, power, imperial crown, and gov- ernment of his realm, to depose and deprive, contrary to the duty of your allegiance, against '4 ir^ TRIAL OF THE POPE. the peace of oiir Sovereign Lord the King, his crown and difrniiv, and against the form of the Statute in that case made and provided." CUrk of the Crown. IIow sayest thou, Anti- christ ? Art thou guihy of that treason whereof thou standest indicted, and for which thou hast now been arraigned, or not guilty ? Antichrid. [After remaining silent for some time.J I do not consider myself accountable to any court. Lord Chief Justice. Whatever opinion you may entertain respecting your treasonable autlior- ity, it will not be owned here. You have heard the indictment read, and the course is, you must plead guilty or not guilty. It is the law, and the common case of all men in your situation. Are you guilty or not guilty ? Antichrist. Shall I n' t be allowed to produce such authority as almost all Christian countries have admitted ? — Some of the most eminent Cath- olic writers have proved my power over all law and Court. You must hold, and j)lead guilty or not guilty. You shall have the liberty that any subject can have, or can challenire. No man standinc/ at the bar, in the condition you are, must make any other answer to the indictment, than rruiltv or not guilty. Your answer must be plain and direct, either oruilty or not guilty. Antichrist. Will you permit me to give you my answer in my own words ? l^ord Chief Justice. There is no answer but what the law directs. You shall be heard when you put yourself upon your trial. Antichrist. I request some time to consider of it, for I have been very unexpectedly called upon. PRISONER S .WSWER. 23 Court. You have been allowed several cen- turies to take this case into consideration. You must follow the direction of the Court, guilty or not guilty ? Antichrist. Shall I be heard, my Lord ? Court. Yes, upon your trial. You must keep to the course of law, either guilty or not guilty. — There is but one of these pleas to be made. You trouble the Court. Clerk. IIow sayest thou. Antichrist? Art thou guilty or not guilty ? Antichrist. My condition differs from others. I am now Clerk. Arc }uu guilty or not guilty ? Antichrist. I am speaking. I have known the time when none dare Court. There are but three thinors to be con- sidered. Either you must say guilty, which is confession, and then there remains no more but judgment ; or not guilty, and then you shall be heard; or judgment will pass for your standing mute, whicii is the same as if you had confessed. Antichrist. Will you refuse to give me any satisfaction ? Clerk. Are you guilty or not guilty ? Court. You have been long acquainted with the proceedings of earthly courts. Did you ever allow any prisoner brought before your tribu- nal the indulgence the Court has now granted yon ? Antichrist. This is a special case. Court. The law allows nothing now, but to plead guilty or not guilty. You must plead to your indictment. If it be treason, it cannot be jiistified ; if it be justifiable, it is not treason. — Therefore, plead guilty or not guilty. 24 TRIAL OF THE POPE. Antichrist. Who could suppose that I would plead guilty ? Clerk. You plead not guilty. Is this your plea? Antichrist. I do not acknowledge the indict- ment to be legal. I never called myself by the name of Antichrist. I am not the person. Clerk. You have been long known by that name. You are the person charged with treason. It would take many hours to read all the names you have been known by in the world. You are the person, and by one or other of the names in the indictment, you have for centuries committed all the crimes laid to your charge. But the Court cannot be thus interrupted. Are you guilty or not guilty. Antichrist, I am not Antichrist. Clerk. Are you guilty or not guilty ? Antichrist. I do not plead guilty. Clerk. Then you plead not guilty. Is this your plea ? Antichrist. Yes. Clerk. How will you be tried ? Antichrist. I will be tried by the laws and cardinals of the Holy Roman Catholic Church. Lord Chief Justice. I must inform you, if you do not put yourself in this case according to law, what you have said amounts to nothing. Clerk. How will you be tried ? Antichrist. Accordinsj to the ordinary course. Clerk. Whether by God and the country ? — You must speak the words. Court. We have given you a great deal more liberty than is usually granted. It is the course and proceeding of law ; if you will be tried, you must put yourself upon God and the country. PRISONER S ANSWER. 25 Antichrist. If I must say the words, I will say what you tell me. I will be tried by God and the country. Clerk. God send you a good deliverance. Court. You, the prisoner at the bar, if you de- sire pen, ink, and paper, you shall have them; and if you will challenge any of the jury, you may, when they come to be sworn, and that before they are sworn. Mr. Timothy Telltruth, being called, was de- sired to look on the prisoner at the bar, and lay his hand upon the book, when the prisoner said, ** I utterly abhor his name ; he is well known to be one of the greatest enemies to my government." Mr. Jacobus Investigation, Mark Mercy, Gideon Grace, Titus Truth, Francis Faithfulness, Luke Love, Peter Peace, Jonah Joy, Matthew Meekness, Henry Holiness, and Venerable Virtue, being called, were severally excepted against by the prisoner. Court. Antichrist, you know the law. You must say, *' I challenge him." Antichrist. I shall, sir. Sir Simon Sincerity was next called, and chal- lenged. Mr. Christopher Compassion being called, the prisoner said, " May I ask of what quality he is?" Court. No, Lsir. You are to challenge him, or not challenge him. Antichrist. I challenge him. Philip Purity, Obadiah Obedience, and Grace Goodness, being called, were also challenged. [Here the people appeared to smile.] Antichrist. My Lord, I must make use of my liberty in this case. Court. God forbid it should be otherwise. 26 TRIAL OF THE POPE. Reuben Righteousness and Virtuous Vigilance were next called, and challenged. Court. Antichrist, you know how many to challenge. If you go beyond the number, you know the danger. Antichrist. Will you tell me what it is ? I know nothing about trial by jury. All the prison- ers that ca^ne before me had a very different trial. Court. You say very true ; but God forbid but you should know. You may challenge thirty-five peremptorily, but no more unless you can show just cause. Sir William Worthy was next called, and chal- lencred. Titus Tenderness called. Antichrist. I do not know him. Timhrncss. Nor I you, sir ; 1 never lived in your city or dominions. lie was then desired to look on the prisoner, and lay his hand on the book. His oath was then read to him, viz. : " You shall well and truly try, and true deliverance make, between our Sovereign Lord the King, and the prisoner at the bar, whoin you shall have in charge, according to your evi- dence. So help you God. ' Sworn. Benjamin Blameless, Absalom Amiable, and Luke Lovegood, were challennred. Don Pedro Italy was next called, when the pris- oner said, " Don Pedro Italy is his name ! ! Let him be sworn." Strorn. Uriah Uprightness. Challenged. Senhor Paulo Portugal was n'ext called. Antichrist. I like his name; let him be sworn. Sirorn. Elias Equity. Challenged. Divine Li^rht. Challenged. JURY IMPAXELLED. 27 Divine Life. Challenged. Antichrist. Lest 1 may run into any hazard, m niaking use of the liberty granted by the law in this case, and not having numbered the persons challenged, I desire that your oiiicer may acquaint me with the number. Court. You shall know it. Christian Charity was next called and challenged, but the prisoner said immediately after, ** Let him be sworn.'* Court. No, no. Antichrist. I have no objection to his name.— lie may be sworn. Court When he is challenged, it cannot be recalled. Senhor Dominic Spain was next called. Antichrist. Let him be sworn. He has known me a long time. Sworn. Hosea Honesty and Faithful Witness, beincr called, were both challenged. ° Court. You have now challenged thirty. Antichrist. I wish the names to be read to me to see if it be so. ' Court. When you come to thirty-five, you shall have the names read. Vital Godliness and Experimental Relicrion were next called, and both challenged. ° Mons. Most Christian France. Sworn, Corvinus Hungary. Sworn. Gospel Holiness, Scripture Morality, and Aposr tolic Testimony, being called, were challencred. Court. Now read the names to him. ° They were read. In all thirty-five. Van Erasmus Holland. Sworn. Gustavus Sweden. Sworn. George England. Sworn. 28 TRIAL OF THE POPE. STATE attorney's SPEECH. 29 m w\ Andrew Scotland. Swam, Patrick Ireland. Sworn, Augustus Germany. Sworn. Then they who were admitted, were called over VIZ : Titus Tenderness, Don Pedro Italy, Senhor Paulo lortugal, Senhor Dominic Spain, Monsieur Most Christian France, Corvinus Hungary Van Lrasmus Holland, Gustavus Sweden, George Eng- land, Andrew Scotland, Patrick Ireland, a°nd aS- gustus Germany. Proclamation was then made. "If any man can inform my Lord the Kincr's justices the King's serjeant, or the King's attorney, before tins inquest be taken, let them come forth and they shall be heard ; for now the prisoner stands at the bar upon his deliverance. And all those bound by recognizance to appear, let them come lorth, and give their ev.Jcnce, or else to forfeit their recognizance." A considerable number of witnesses were then called. Clerk. Look upon the prisoner at the bar, you that are sworn. You shall understand, that the prisoner at the bar stands indicted by the name of Antichrist, &c., late of the city of Rome, in Italy clerk; for that he, together, &,c.— [here the in- dictment was read] — upon which indictment he hath been arraigned, and thereunto hath pleaded not guilty ; and for his trial, hath put himself upon Ood and the country, which country you are ~ Now, your charge is, to inquire whether he be pUty ot the high treason in manner and form as he stands indicted, or not guilty. If you hnd that he ,s guilty, you shall inquire what goods and chattels he had at the time of committinrr the treason, or any time since then. If you find that i he IS not guilty, you shall inquire wIiGther he did fly for It. II you find that he lied for it, you shall inquire of his goods and chattels as if you had found him guilty. If you find that he is not ijuiltv nor that he did tiy, you shall say so, and no more! And take heed to your evidence. The Right Hon. Faithful Investigation, his Majesty's Attorney-General, then addressed the Court and jury. My lords, and gentlemen of the jury, —It is my duty to state to you, in as concise a manner as I can, the nature of the charges preferred against the prisoner at the bar, and the evidences tharshall be produced in su|)port of that charge. Gentle- men of the jury, you, on your part, are to decide upon the evidences ; it is for you to draw such conclusions as you may by the evidences be war- ranted to do. My lords, and gentlemen of the jury, — I con- sider myself highly honored in being one of the mstruments in bringing before you, this day, into judgment, one who not only has been guilty of the blackest treason and rebellion, but who has been for many centuries the plague and curse of nations. The highest crimes of which a subject can be gudty, attended with various aggravating circum- stances, are charged against the prisoner at the bar, who was the leader and original mover of many insurrections and rebellions which have del- uged the earth with human blood, and brought many, whom he had seduced, to condicjn punish- ment, both here and in the eternal worfd. It will appear in evidence, that the persons who were principnlly connected with, and who received their authority from, the prisoner, were those who were 3* 30 TRIAL OF THE POPE. STATE attorney's SPEECH. 31 concerned .in the rebellions of 606, and of every suc- ceeding century, in Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Porturral, lloUanJ, Sweden, England, Wales, Scot- land, Ireland, and most of the nations of Europe. My lords, and gentlemen of the jury, — it is not possible that any mortal being, in tiie space of one hundred years, could state a tenth part of tiie trea- sons and murders which the prisoner at the bar has committed. The most youthful and able coun- cil would grow gray-headed in the court while barely citing the acts done by him only during the space of half a century. The court 'itself could not contain half the rebel proclamations or pope's bulls which he has published to the world, the de- sign of which will evidently appear to be, the sub- version of his Majesty's government, and the pro- nu)tion of rebellion in all the earth. And, in order to eifect his treasonable designs, he imbrued his hands in the blood of thousands of his fellow-creatures — crimes that do not, that can- not, admit of the smallest extenuation. The pris- oner at the bar stands charged with committinfr several overt acts of high treason, by which he has manifested the wickedness and traitorous imagina- tions of his heart. I shall briefly state a few of the overt acts, and, if you believe the evidence, you will be convinced, gentlemen of the jury, it is your duty to fmd the pris(mer guilty. There are several counts in this indictment that of compassing and imagining the death of the Kmg; of usurping his sovereign power ; adhering to the King's enemies; counterfeitincr tho King's great seal of heaven ; levying war against the Kinlr • deposing several emperors and kings; abolishinc^ the laws ot our beloved Sovereign, and substituting his own ; otfering rewards to encourage rebellion^ the murder of many hundred thousand subjects of our Lord the King ; and others, stated in the in- dictment now read. Gentlemen of the jury, — the overt act of levy- ing war IS a compassing and imagining the death ol the Kmg, altliough it may not be carried into eifect. I shall not make many observations upon It, as it must be comprehended by any sensible j man ; for, in the language of the law, the levyincr j war is held to be the compassing and imagining I the death of the King, although it may not immet diately be carried into execution, yet it may ulti- mately attach to his person. Any conspiracy by force of arms, to alter the laws, the constitution, or the government of our Lord's kingdom, leads to the general destruction of the Kincr, althouw the prisoner at the bir. trom nime to name and t>om century to century, to present peri.id. -nH glance at a small share of his historv, and ther gi'-e a comparative view of his Trnjical cruelties. But your time is precious: we r. ... therefore let the witnesses speak, and doubt not but to prove thit the nri^>ner is one of ihp greatest cuipriis ever brough: le bar. We ^.._j now call the evi- i^ences. -»nd show by them ?H-r the pri^--' *^- at the bar IS z f the chargt. . ..- acrains: ..... m the inMctmenr. It is for you to decide up«:^n the ^" '* or innocence of the pris.>ner. as you. on vour o^. .. snail be of opinion is agree •^•''- to the caie. If the charge is not supported, you will of course ac- quit him. Mr. IIisTORic.vL Trith, bein^ called and sworn, wa^ examined bv the Attornev-General. * « Qut.-tion. Have you been acquainted with Anti- christ, the prisoner at the bar ? Anerore Phocas "nnted h to him ; and he also well knows, now tlfat 1 e was not universally acknowledged after his usurpation Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble counsel for the Prisoner. uif?'t7''''''^ '''"' .?" *^"^'^ ^^^" ^«"? acquainted with the^pnsoner. Was you intimatefy acquainted A. Yes. Q. On your oath, do you, or do vou not be heve tl^t when the prisoner at' the bari^t ct'n'^ ttr powe^""" "" '^^ "^^^^^^^ A It is probable that he micrht not have in tended to carry his rebellious amis so far a first but he soon convinced the world what he woLld do when he obtained the power Q Did he not style himself ..rra«/ of servants ? A. He did, but acted as king of kings and lord of lords. Phocas, the Emperor, examined by the Solicitor-General. This witness, being a prisoner, was brought into the court attended by two of the keepers of the black gulf, and made a most awful and terrific ap- pearance. ^ Q. Are you Phocas, the Roman emperor ? A. Yes; my name is Phocas, and I am called emperor of Rome. Q. Did you know the prisoner at the bar at Rome ? A. Alas! I did, to my sorrow. Q. Will you relate to the Court what you knew of the prisoner during your residence at Rome ? A. I am compelled to do it by the constrainincr hand of justice. And I look forward with terro° to that great and tremendous day when the Judge of the world will constrain me to make a more public declaration. When I came to the throne, which I obtained by means the reflection of which a^lds to my misery, the prisoner at the bar, then bishop of Rome, so insinuated himself into my favor, that I readily granted his request, and, by an edict, established him by the title of utiiversal bishop. I was led to this measure by my igno- rance of the real motives of the prisoner and of true religion. And as I detested the bishop of Constantinople, and stood in need of the prisoner's influence, I sanctioned his claim. Q. He was therefore principally by you estab- lished in his supremacy ? A. Yes. 36 TRIAL OF THE POPE. Cardinal Baronius examined by Mr. Impartiality. Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar ? A. Yes ; I am intimately acquainted with him, as thousands know by my writings. Q. Of what religion are you ? i4. I am a rigid Roman Catholic, and have long acted by the prisoner's authority. Q. Are you acquainted with the way and manner in which the prisoner first obtained the title of universal bishop ? A. I wrote and pul)lished to the world, that Phocas the emperor, after he murdered Mauritius and family, and usurped the government, estab- lished Boniface III. pope of Rome, by the title of universal bishop. Anastasius and Paul Deacon wrote nearly the same, and many have confirmed the testimony I have oriven.* The Clerk of the Crown then read the following extracts, which had the prisoner's signature to them : — " Christ made Peter the chief, that from him, as from a certain head, he might diffuse, as it were, his gifts into the whole body; for that, having taken him in Consortium Individu^e Trinitatis^ into the partnership of the undivided Trinity! he would have him called that which the Lord himself was, saying, ' Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church.' "f Signed, Boniface VIII " Peter, saith St. Bernard, walking upon the wa- ters as Christ did, declared himself the only vicar * Sep Anistisiup. Do Vitis Pontifirum ; Paul Diaron, De Robug gestis Longobard. lib. iv. cap. l^i ; In Muratorii Scriptor. Rerum Italicar. torn. i. p. ;<;. ' i Sexti Decrct. lib. i. tit. 6, cap. 17. baronius. 37 of Christ ; which should be ruler, not over one people, but over aH. For manv waters are many l)e()ple. And from hence he deduceth the like authority and jurisdiction to his successor the bishop of Rome." — iVo^g on Matthew xiv. 29 RhnnisVs New Testament, published bu the pope's authority. ^ ± r Mr. Historical Truth was then further exam- ined by the Attorney-General. Q. Are you acquainted with the prisoner's hand- writing ? A. Perfectly so. Q. Do you believe that this is the hand-writing of the prisoner at the bar ? [The ])apers were then delivered to him.] A, I do believe it is. He never disowned it. Many thousand copies have been published by his orders. Q Did you ever know the prisoner to make simi- lar declarations in support of his supremacy ? A. Yes. If I should relate all that 1 have taken notes of, none in this court could survive half the time it would take to read them. H. Is the prisoner owned as lord and sovereign by those who act under him, called bishops or priests ? A. Such take an oath at their consecration, (so called,) that they will, from that time forward be faithful to St. Peter, and to the Holy Romaii Church, and to their lord the pope, and his suc- cessors canonically entered, to help them to defend and to keep the papacy, and the rules of the fathers. And they not only swear to be faithful, but also to be obedient. And not only to endeavor to preserve and defend the rights, honors, privileges, and au- 4 "li 38 i TRIAL OF THK POI'E. BAKONIUS. 39 thorities of the pope, but to increase and advance them, and, to the utmost of their power, to cause the pope's commands to be observed by others as well as themselves. The first part of the oath I have alluded to, was framed when the prisoner called himself by the name of Pope Cireifory VII. ; * but several additions have since been made. Q. When the prisoner was known by that name, did he not give more evident proof of his rebellious autiiority, than ever had been known before ? A. He did ; when he was known by the name of llildebrand, or, as he was often called, JLll- brarulj on account of his tyrannical disposition, he planned the most traitorous designs, which he af- terwards broujrht into effect, tliouirh not to the extent of his ambitious views. By the name of Gregory VII., he became outrageous, and impiously attempted to subjugate to his jurisdiction the em- perors, kings, and princes of the earth, and to render their dominions tributary to him at Rome, Such infamous behavior has frequently been called, by his deluded followers, his pious and apostolic exploits. His goverinnent was one continued scene of tumult and slaughter. I need only refer to his own epistles, signed by this name, to prove more of his traitorous conduct than it would be proper for me now to trouble the Court with. I shall brielly state, that he drew up an oath for the king or emperor of the Romans, from whom he demanded a profession of subjection and allegiance. t It Is a well-known fact, that France, deceived by the subtlety of the prisoner, contributed more than all other nations to the establishment of his dignity and dominions. Yet * Src Dorrrtal, lib. ii. tit. 21, c. 4. t Spp boo': ix. of his Kpistles, cpis. 3. 1 ] i he pretended that this kingdom was tributary to him, and commnnded his legates to demand yearly, in the most solemn manner, the payment of that tribute. He wrote an insolent letter to Philip I., king of France, to whom he recommended an huud)le and obliging carriage, from the considera- tion that both his kingdom and his soul were under his dominion, who had the power to bind and loose him both in heaven and earth ! Nothing escaped liis all-grasping ambition. He pretended that Saxony was a feudal tenure, held in subjection to him, to whom it had been formerly yielded by Charlemagne, as a pious offering to St. Peter. He also extended his pretensions to the kingdoms of Spain and England, and other countries ; and had his success been equal to the extent of his insolent views, all the kingdoms of Europe would have been tributary to the prisoner, on the pretext of his being the vicar of Christ, and prince over all nations and kingdoms. Q. Did he not, in the exerci.se of his rebellious authority, depose kings and princes, when called by this name ? A. He deposed, and treated in the most shame- ful manner, the emperor Henry IV. And he de- throned Basilaus H., king of Poland, with all the ' circumstances of infamy that he could invent. After pulling him from his throne, he dissolved the oath of allegiance which his subjects had taken, and by an express and imperious edict, prohibited the nobles to elect a new king without his appro- bation. Demetrius Suinimez, duke of Croatia and Ddmatia, wns raised by the prisoner to the rank and prerogatives of royalty, in the year lOTO, and solemnly proclaimed king by his legate at Salona, upon conditions that he should pay an annual 40 TRIAL OF THE POPE. tribute of two hundred pieces of gold to him as to St. Peter, at every Easter. Q. Did he not call himself by a variety of hitrh and imperious titles ? ° A. \es; he not only assumed the appellation of tmivn-sol bishopj but also sovereign pontiff Christ's vicar, prime of the apostbs, God on earth. Lord God the pope, his holiness, kinrr of kincrs and lord of lords, prince over all nations and kimrdoms, th.'. most holy and most blessed tnaster of the universal world, father of kings, light of the world, most high and sovereign bishop, Sic. &c.* And he has frequently declared that his power extended to things terrestrial, celestial, and infernal. He also presumed to quality and invest with the same ability the different orders of priests who act under hi's rebellious (government. Q. Has not the prisoner at the bar claimed ado- ration trom the very creatures who elected him ? A. He has; when he was occasionally elected, he was clothed with (what is called) the'pontiticaj robes, and crowned and placed upon the altar. The cardinals then kiss his tect, and this impious ceremony is called adoration. They first elect, and then they worship him. When the prisoner was known by the name of Pope Martin V., on the medals of him then coined, two are represented crowning the pope, and two kneelincr betore him, ^vith this inscription — " Q//f7// ereanf adorant/' U horn they create they adore.f When he was elected by this name, the emperor Siaismund kneeled down betore the wholp council of Con- * See Council of Siena, printed at Paris. 161J ; Pius \-..buIl to Queen FJu.ibeth : >ewton on the Prophecies, vol. ii. p.366 ; JMosheim s Kccl. Hist. ; F.dwanls's Hist. Redemption t Bonanni Aumismat. Pontine. Komanor. Daubuz n 381 Mosh. Abr. Eccl. Hist. C vol. p. 352. Dub. edit. BARO.MUS. 41 stance, kis.^^ed his feet, and worshipped him. It is a fact universally known, that, deluded by the arti fice of the prisoner, several emperors and kings have thought it an honor to kiss his toe, beiiTcr misled by his assumed titles of vicar of Christ, &l^. Cross-examined by Mr. Eqlivocator. Q. You say that the prisoner at the bar was elected by cardinals who adored him ? A. I do say that he was so elected, and that they did adore him. Q. Did you not say betore that he usurped the title, and engaged Phocas the emperor to establish him in his trovernment ? A. I did ; and I assert thu same now. The prisoner tirst obtained his supremacy, in the way before stated to the Court, but afterwards procured himself to be elected and crowned by those who were deeply interested in the establishment of his authority. He was therefore otten elected by dif- ferent means. And as ot'ien as he changed his name, some ceremony took place. Q. Then you say that the ceremony or mode of his election which you have stated, has existed atnon:: a variety of others, but you cannot say tclun this torm was in practice ? You have heard some report about it, and you have no objection on your oath to assert it ? A. I can not only declare on my oath, that this mode of election has been adopted, but I have the prisoner's own hand-writing to prove it. In the year of our Lord IITO, he assembled a council at Rome, called the third roiineil of the Lateran. He then, by the name of Pope Alexander III., de- creed, *' That, in order to put an end to the con- fusion and dissensions which so often accompanied the election of the Roman pontiff, the right of 4* 42 TRIAL OF THE iulL. election should not only be vested in the cardinals alone, but also, that the person in whose favor two thirds of the colleire of cardinals vested, siiould be considered as the lawful and duly-elected pontitf." This decree alone is sutHcient to prove, that, before the year 1179, other forms of election did exist, and that they were freipiently accom|)anred with confusion and disorder. And I believe that the prisoner himself will not contradict what I say when I assert that tfiis law was made by him and IS yet in force. ' The decree beinor shown to the prisoner he acknowled(red that it looked like one which he had framed at Rome. Here the Clerk of the Court read the followincr paper, written and published by the i)risoner by the name of Pope Innocent III.* " We may, accordinrr to the fulness of our power dispose of the law, and dispense above the law' (From an epistle.) Those whom the bishop of Kome doth separate, it is not a man that separateth them, but God ! For the pope holdeth place on earth, not simply of a man, but of Tin .: (ion ' — Ihat he hath celestial crovernments, and therefore may change the nature of thin^rs, applvin.r the substance of the one to the other, of nothinTr can create something, and a decree that is void he can make in force; for in matters that he will have corne to pass, his will is his reason ; and no man questioneth him, Wheretbre do you that ' For he cari dispense above the law, and of injustice can make justice." Cardinal Hellarmine sworn. Q. Are you the Bcllarmine that wrote what * Book of Gregory, 9 Decret. c. 3. BELLARMIXE. 4;3 is called the Fifteen Marks of the True Church, to prove the church of Rome the only true church, A. I am. Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar ? A. Yes ; 1 am intimately accpiiiinted with him. Q. Are you not a Roman Catholic by profession 1 A. I am. Q. Did you not write and publish several books to vindicate his authority? A. I did. Q. Did you publish in your Ith ])ook Dv Pontif. as follows : " In good sense and judgment, Christ hath given to Peter (and conse(piently to the pope) the power of making that to be sin, which is no sin, ami that which is no sin to be sin " ? A. Let me see the copy. It was shown to him. Q. Do you acknowledge it to be your own writ- ing and publishintT ? A. I do acknowledge it. Q. Did you publisli this book, with others, by the prisoner's authority? A. I did. I acted by his commission, and was supported by his government. A number of emperors, kings, and princes, were now called as witnesses, who were either excom- municated, or deposed, or dethroned, or assassinated, by the prisoner. Some appeared, also, who were otherwise treated. And perhaps a greater number of crowned heads never appeared in any court before. PiiiLiPPicus Bardanes, Ef/qjcror of the Greeks f sworn. Q. Do you know the priscmer at the bar? A. I do ; he lived at Rome when I knew him. 44 TRIAL OF THK POPE. LEO THE EMPi:UOR. 45 Q. Did he ever presume to usurp any authority as the vicar of Christ ? ^ ^' ^. He did ; within a little better than a century after he first obtained the title of universal bishop lie exconinuinicated and condemned me. Q \Vill you relate to the Court the pretext assijrned by the prisoner for his conduct to you ' . A 1 ordered a picture, which represented the sixth general council, to be pulled down from its place in the church called St. Sophia, in Constan- tmople. And as I perceived the jieople fast vergina to the worship of imanres, 1 sent to Rome a inaif- date, to remove all imacres of that nature from places of worship. The prisoner, who then went by the name of Constnntine, the universal bishop inmiediately opposed my decree, ordered six pici tures of councils to be placed up in the porch of fct. 1 eter s assembled a council at Rome, and condemned me as an apostate. Tumults and in- surrections followed as the consequence, which, the year to ow.na, deprived me of the imperial throne. ^xf. VV as the i)risoner, at the time he condemned you established as a temporal prince at Rome ' A. No, he was not ; but from the time he obtained his supremacy, he always appeared to be asj,irincr alter it. He was subject to me as his emperor. '^ Emperor Lko, fhr Isaurian, sworn. Q. Did you not profess to be a crreat enemy to the worship of imacres ? A. I (lid; what the emperor Bardanes becran I resolutely carried on. ~ ' Q. Did the prisoner at the bar ever presume to counternct your edicts, and exercise authority over you, as the vicar of Christ ? A. He did ; I issued out an edict, in the year I 720, to forbid the \vorshij)pincT of imacres, and also to remove them all, except that of Christ's cruci- fixion, from all places of worship. The prisoner then opposed me in the most outraijeous manner. He passed a sentence of excommunication airainst me, and declared me unworthy of the Christian name. No sooner was this formidable sentence made public, than the Roman and tither Italian princes, subject to me, violated their alleeet were bare, my head uncovered, and my only rai- ment was a wretched piece of coarse woollen cloth which was thrown over my body to cover my nakedness. On the fourth day I was admitted into the presence of the lordly pontiff, who, witii much difficulty, granted me absolution; but he refused to restore me to the throne till the congress met. After this, my eyes being enlightened to discover much of his wickedness, 1 opposed him with force of arms to the utmost of my power. 1 tliere- fore was by him excoininunicated a second time, and llodolpii was declared lawful emperor. My arms, however, were yet victorious ; I slew Ro- dolph in battle, and took the pope prisoner. Rut, being betrayed by my own son, I was compelled to resign my crown. Basilaus II., Kijtg of Poland y sworn. Q. Do you recollect the prisoner at the bar ? A. I do, very well. Q. What name do you know him by ? A. By the name of Pope Gregory VII. Q. Did he ever presume to usurp authority over you in Poland? A. He did. I was legally elected to the throne by the nobles of Poland, and as regularly crowned. But some time after, through the death of one of his bishops, the prisoner not only excommunicated me with all the circumstances of infamy that he could invent, but also hurled me from the throne, dissolved tlie oath of allegiance which my sub- jects had taken, and, by an express and imperious edict, prohibited tl]e nobles and clergy of Poland from electing a new kin;r without his consent.* Leopold, Diikr of Austria, sworn. Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar excominu- * See Dlugossi Hist. Polon. torn. i. p. 295. 52 TRIAL OF THE POPE. JOHN. H nicate and anathematize you, claiming that au- tliority as Christ's vicegerent on earth .' A. He did. He assumed the same power over me as over all princes, arrogating to himself this authority as the vicar of Christ. himi ^^^^'''^ """'"^ "^'"^ ^^ ^"^ ^^ '''^'''" ^'''' ^"^'^ A, By the name of Pope Celestine III He went by that name almost to the close of the twelfth century. Henry VI., Emperor, sworn. Q. Was you not excommunicated and con- demned by the prisoner, at the same time with i^eopold, duke of Austria ? r>^C ^J'^/^ . '^^^ prisoner at the bar had sent Richard I king of England, to fight for him in the Holy Land. But on his returning home, Leopold and I seized and made him prisoner 1 he consequence was, we were both excommuni^ cated together. Q. Did he do it in the name of the vicar of v^nrist : A. He did. Alphonso X., A7/,. of Galicia and Leon, sworn. Q Did not the prisoner at the bar excommuni- cate and anathematize you, by the name of Pope Celestine III. \ ^ \nii' ?^'T'i• }^ '''^' ''^ ^'^^^^""^ ^^ ^ marriage mto which I had entered. ^ John, King of EnrrJand, sworn. Q. Of what religion are you ? A. I have long professed the Roman Cath- olic religion, though I have ditfered much from 53 the prisoner, on account of his base conduct to- wards me. Q. Will you relate to the Court what you know of the prisoner's assumed authority over you, as the vicar of Christ, &:c. ? A. When 1 knew the prisoner, he went by the name of Pope Linocent IH. At that time he or- dered the monks of Canterbury to choose one Ste- phen Langton, a cardinal, to be archbishop, after a regular election had been made by the convent, and confirmed by me. I objected to his being re- ceived, and wrote to the prisoner, informing ^him of the consequences, in case he persisted in his de- mand. He then sent orders to some of his bish- ops to lay tlie kingdom under an interdict, unless 1 received Langton. Such was my ignorance of real religion, and the deluded stale of Europe, that I was unwilling to break off entirely my connection with him. 1 therefore agreed to confirm the elec- tion made at Rome; but, not making such conces- sions as the prisoner demanded, the interdict was proclaimed, all the places of worship shut up for three years, and the dead buried in the highways, without the ordinary rites of interment. This not producing the desired effect, he de- nounced a sentence of excommunication against me in the year Jt>08. This was followed, "about three years after, by another bull, absolving all my subjects from their oath of allegiance, and order- ing all persons to avoid me on pain of the same displeasure. But in the year 1212, he assembled a council of his cardinals and prelates, deposed me, and declared the throne of England vacant. He then wrote to the king of France to undertake the conquest of Britain, and unite it to his forever. At tlie same time he sent out another bull, exhort- 5» 64 TRIAL OF THE POPE. ing all Christian princes to second the expedition pronnsmg all «h„ d.d the same iiKlnhrence he had granted tor ^hiin- against the inhdePs. coliecte. a large army for the invasion, while I did all I could to repel it. But when, at Dover. I met h.s artful legate, he so terrified n.e by the re, ort he gave me ot the stre..gth of the Kre'.ch arn'.y, and the disairecfon of ,ny own, that I agreed to a .shameful suhnnssion, and resigned my crown to the egate I then took an oath of obedience, and de- l.vered up my k.ngdon. to the j.apal jurisdiction. 1 was also obliged to promise, for myself and heirs to pay an annual sum of seven hun.lred marks for Lngland and three hun.lred for Jreland, and that n case any of my successors shouhl refuse to own tie popes supremacy over England, or should object to pay the submission then re;,uired. they should forfeit their right to the British crown I,^ doing homage to the pope, before his repre.^enta- e, the legate, I presente.l a l.rge sum of money uh ch he trampled, with all the arrogance possible umler his feet, as a mark of my de,ren,leiice ; bm,' not satisfied with tins, he retained 'my crow, an sceptre fiv-c days, and then gave them to me as a special gift from the prisoner, then called /,/ holi- ntsg the pope of Rome. Cross-examined by JFr. Jtsur Q. Did you not publi.ly declare, when vou signed the cmditions on which you received ^he crown, that j_.>u had neither been compelled to tins measure by fear or by force, but th. t it w s your own voluntary act. done by the advice of The barons of the kingdom? '^ "i me ^. I acknowledge I did sign such a declara- tion, but my long resistance proves it was never PHILIP, OTHO IV., PHILIP AUGUSTUS. 55 my voluntary act. The barons also despised me for what I did. But such was the confused state of things in Eimland, that 1 was conditionswere — )?«< that tate wfr'^'"';"'-^' '" "''' church -^lemie! nance which was eft to ir hv \fo» u i ---%, that I shouJ obSe". el^^'^ln- t Should think fit to propose, as conditions of peace! Philip, King of France, sworn. Q What name did the prisoner at the bar as- sume when you knew him ? A. Several. I knew him when he was ciIIpH P.^eWace VIII., Pope Benedict XLrL*^^'^^^ PHILIP OF FRANCE. 59 Q. Will you relate to the Court what you knew of him in France, duriiif; vour reiiin ? A. About the bejxiiininir of the fourteenth cen- tury, when the prisoner was known by the title of Pope Boniface VIII., he sent ine one of the haugh- tiest letters imairinable, in which he asserted, that I, with all other kings and princes whatever, were obliged, by a divine command, to submit to the authority of the i)ope, in all political and civil matters, as well as religious. 1 answered him in terms expressive of contempt. He rejoined with more arrogance than ever, and, in that famous bull, Vnam Sanrtaiii, which he published at this time, he asserted that Christ Jesus had crranted a two- fold power to the church, or the .T>u know the reason assigned for callinir this council ? ° A I do; it was principally to heal the divisions w iich had long rent the church. But there were others. Q. Will you relate to the Court some of the prmcipnl disorders that were then thought to re- quire a remedy ? "^ T ^ ^''i'' ,^^^'? ^ ^--i^ne to the imperial throne. I found the church called after the name of the prisoner divided into two great factions, and was governed by two who professed to be the pontiff and vicar of Christ. The prisoner, then at Rome went by the name of Pope Boniface IX., and the other, who resided at Avignon, by that of Pope Benedict XIII. Soon after this, the prisoner as- sumed a new title, that of Pope Innocent VII., and in about two years after, another, and was called Pope Gregory XII. Benedict, being besieged in Avignon by the king of France, escaped, first to Catalonia, and afterwards to Perpignan, but did not relinquish his pretension to the popedom. A plan of reconciliation was, however, formed, and the two contending pontitfs bound themselves, each by an oath, to make a voluntary renunciation of the papal chair, if necessary for the peace and welfare of the church. This agreement they both violated in the most scandalous manner. Eiiiht or nine cardinals deserted Benedict, on account of his place of residence, and united themselves to the others, who espoused the claim of the prisoner, when they agreed to assemble a council at Pisa, on the 2.")th of March, 1 101). This assembly accord- ingly met, and, on the 5th of June, pronounced a heavy sentence of condemnation on both their names, for being guilty of heresy, perjury, and various crimes. They also declared them unwor- thy of the smallest honor or respect. But, however strange it may appear to the Court, they proceeded to elect the j)risoiier by a new title, known in the papal list by the name of Pope Alex- ander v., which, so far from proflioting peace in the empire, divided the people into three divisions, and hurled all Europe into confusion. The king of France, and several other princes, labored with me to restore tranquillity. I reijuestcd the prisoner to call a council, who having in about a year as- sumed the appellation of Pope John XXIII., he consented, and accordingly issued out his sum- mons to meet at Constance in the month of No- vember, 1414. G 62 TRIAL OF THE POrE. Before the meeting of this council, there were great commotions in several parts of Europe, but more especially in Bohemia, about religion. — There was one John Iluss, once a priest under the prisoner, and professor of divinity in the Uni- versity of Prague, who preached witii great free- dom against the supremacy, government, vices, and wickedness, of the prisoner and ids clergy, against whom he manifested the firmest opposition. He was a man of the highest reputation for the purity of his doctrine and life, so that no other charge could be brought to oppose him but his opposition to the prisoner's authority. The archbishop of Prague, and the clergy in general, were so greatly incensed, that they brought an accusation against him before the prisoner, and ho was excommuni- cated in the year 14!(). Huss, however, coritinued to preach in the same manner, and, many embracing his doctrine, he was ordered to repair to the council at Constance, to answer to the charges brought against him. I knew well that his appearance would be attended with danger to his person, as I was confident that he had many enemies to encounter with. I there- fore granted him a safe conduct to Constance, security while he continued there, and every pro- tection on his return, on his consenting to attend ; all of which I promised in the most solemn man- ner, lie obeyed the summons, and vindicated his conduct before the council in a manner that greatly surprised his adversaries. But he was declared to be a heretic, was cast into prison, and condemned to be burnt. I pleaded my solemn promise to se- cure him from injury, but it was overruled ; when, to satisfy my guilty conscience, and remove every impediment out of the wav in future, a law was SI a ISM UNO. 03 framed, that faitli must not he hpt icitli hret'ics* He was therefore burnt cm the 0th of July, 1415. Q. Was there not another also condemned by the same council, and burnt at the same place? A. Yes ; his name was Jerome of Prague, John IIuss's companion and friend, who accoinj>anicd him to Constance, with the design of supporting his persecuted friend. He was burnt on the 30th of May following. Q. Did you violate your oath, because that council, or rebellious convention, formed that in- famous decree, in the name of the vicar of Christ? A. I confess I was awfully deluded. I knew nothing of the laws and statutes of the Sovereign of heaven. They were hid by his priests from me. Could I oidy have seen the consecpiences that fol- lowed, it is more than probable I should never have violated my promi-o, as a civil war was kindled, and the 'Bohemia:is, revolting, maintained and defended their opinions, by arms as well as arfruments Q. As you was present at that council, or dis- affected assembly, will you relate to the Court what you know of the reasons why the prisoner changed his name during the time the council sat? A. When he yielded to my entreaty, as I be- fore noticed, he summoned the council, by the name of Pope John XXHI. ; but, after the assembly met, they decreed that the names of Benedict XHI., Gregory XH., and John XXHI., should be brand- ed with infamy and contempt, especially the one by which the council was collected, for having, among other things laid to his charge, maintained, openly and obstinately, that the souls of men die * Council of Constance, scss. xix. 64 TUIAL Ui I HE k'OPE. beaten Tr 71". *'"f' '"'* "''■" '^"'^ '^ "either Heaven nor l.ell.* It vvas then agreed tint tl.P prisoner should be elected by a n'ew and bet^^^r that ot I ope Martin V., vicar of Christ and prince ei bv h™ I't ^ V"! 'i"""'*^^^ """' '-"'K '''^'" '- HtX.pedln'r''^'''^"^''"^^ .o S.nS:„.rp[:^bTti ns':-;rs "'"''"^^"^'-'^ ular instructions ' ^^ ' '"' '"""^ '•"'■<=- ^. I do. Q. Do^you know the prisoner's hand-writing 1 Q. Did you ever see this paper before '> [A paper produced to this uitness.J " ^^ ^. I have. It was written bv the nrLsonrr I.v the name of Pope Marti:, V. P"soner, by ton» of the ambassadors sent to Constantinonle • the begmnu.^ of which will show the impie v 'a nd I'avf rdo^ub "^ 'T^"V ■■■-"""<'"'•' ci leave no floubt on the mnids of anv, if he hid usurped the dignity and titles of our beloved Sove reign or not. Jt was as follows • _ iMOsI IlK.H AND SoVimKI.:.vn.SMOI., MlKTIV bv t.:o;:re;;;^:Tc.r.-^""^"" -'^ ^'-- ^"- Here the people appeared filled with Indiana tion, and were so irritated, that the Co.. could not proceed for several n,i,„„..; and it ilproba • i>ee Council of Constance, scss. xi. LEWIS XII. 65 ble the prisoner would have been dragorod from the dock, and would have become the object of the vindictive rage of the populace, but for the Lord Chief Justice, who, after obtaining silence, observed that, however hideous and numerous the offences of the prisoner might be, it was just that he should have a fair and legal trial. Mr. Historical Truth again called. Q. Do you know the hand-writing of the pris- oner by the name of Pope Martin V.? A. i am well acquainted with it. Q. Is this his writing? [Here it was shown him.] A. It is. Q. [From a juror.] Did you ever see it printed? A, I have. It is inserted in the council of Siena, held a little after, and was printed in Paris in the year 101*2. Lewis XH., Khiff of France y sworn. Q. Look at the prisoner at the bar. Have you been acquainted with him? A. I have been acquainted with him. He lived at Rome when I knew him, and was called Pope Julius H., vicar of Christ, and prince of the apostles. Q. Did he not by this name assume a military appearance, and look more like a warrior than a priest ? A. He did. His delight was in carnage and blood. Q. Was it to support his usurped authority he ^ became a warrior ? A. The reason he appeared as a military pon- 6» ill 6G TRIAL OF THE POPE. HENRY VIII. 67 t.fT, was no only to support what power and au- hority he had unjustly acquired, but to extend ins territories and government over all nations and kingdoms, agreeable to his title, prince over all natwns and kimrdoms. r.% ""V^K^T '"^'"'^ *^ ^^^^ ^"""-t ^vii^t you recollect of h,s character and conduct, as the pretended vicegerent of Clirist ? A When I first became acquainted with him 1 understood that it was common for him, every few years, U not weeks, to assume a new title ne hereft>re had been known by a pn,di> hat name did the prisoner 20 by then ' A. Bv the name of Pope Clement VII , atter- ,vards Pope Paul III. By ,h,s name he issued out hi6 thunderbolt of excommunication, to de- prive me of the kingdom, all my subjects of what- ever they possessed, and to anatliematize all my adherents. He also commanded all my subjects to deny me obedience, strangers not to hold any commerce with the kingdom ; and all to take up arms airaiiist me and my people, promising all who did our property for a prey, and our persons for slaves. Q. In what year was this bull issued ? A. On the 17th of December, in the year 153S. Joan, Qurin of \avarrc, sworn. Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar presume to arrogate authority over you as vicar of Christ on earth ? A. He did. Durinix the sittinij of the council of Trent, he frequently designed to accuse me as a favorer of heretics, but as he met with some opposition from the emperor's ambassadors, in the case of Queen Elizabeth of England, he omitted to bring the cause into the council ; but in the year 1.J03, he caused a citation to be affixed on the iiate of St. Peter's church in Rome, and other public places, against me ; ordered me, within six months, to appear before his tribunal, to defend my- selt', and show cause why I should not be deprived of all my dignities, states, and dominion? ; my marriaixe made void, and my children illegitimate. And I also incurred other penalties, declared by the canons against heretics. He was then called Pope Pius IV^. I did not obey his orders ; the king of France protected me.* ELizAnrTH, Qurrn of Ensj^hnrl, sworn. Q. Are you not queen of England ? * Council of Trent, p. 794. 70 TRIAL OF THE POPE. HENRY III. OF FRANCE. 71 ' V A. I am. I was crowned queen, after the death of my cruel half-sister, Mary, in the year L>58. Q. Did the prisoner at the har exercise any authority over you as the pretended vicar of Clirist ? A. He did. I had seen so much of the tyranny and cruel conduct of the prisoner duri!i" wound ^"" '"'"P" ''''' ">•" ^ •''«<' °'' "'e Q- Do you believe that what this priest did was by order o, and w.th the prisoner's TpprobSnT the .'l.ll r P o"' '"' ^'■'"■" ''« ^^»« known hy the itic of Pope Sixtus V., he delivered a famon. on.t,on. .„ which he applauded this a 1 7Z "lonk, as both adtnirahle and n.eritorious.t IIknuv IV., King of Iruncc, sworn orFralI.tr" ""''"* "'"'y "'• '« ""> throne ^. I did. .3.^'*.',""* "'^ prisoner at the bar inanifesl trrS ? """"'""" '" ^''"- ""- y- -- -iJ -■!. He did. I professed to be an enemy to his government, and he vie^ved me as a hereUc. it •pent, and 9 ci.ic '^ ,', ;: ",":;''T'- ',^''««;-'«"' I'vrca Vide (,„//,. Ceo. rr,.„7, ' ^"'"' "' """twi^p dostroyed consequence was, I liad to wade through almost innumerable dilliculties, and was often driven, with my little court, to the greatest distress for the common necessaries of life. The prisoner wished one of the cardinals to be proclaimed king, and the princes in league with him (through my being considered a Huguenot) appeared ready to obey his mandate. I therefore had to dispute every inch of orround with their combined forces, but at last was established on the throne. Q. Were you not compelled to own the author- ity of the prisoner, and profess to be a Roman Catholic? A. I was. I had experienced such a variety of successful and unsuccessful events, and had so many enemies to encounter, that I was led into this measure from what was recommended to me as pniddit^ my religion being the only obstacle in the way to the enjoyment of the crown of France in peace. Thus deluded, I went publicly to mass, and with irreat ditlicultv obtained absolution from the prisoner. This, however, produced wonders among the people; all France submitted to my sceptre, and I had tuily Spain to contend with, which was soon silenced by my victorious army. Q. Was it not supposed, afterwards, that your profession of attachment to the prisoner's govern- ment was not sincere, and that you had relapsed again into heresy ? A. It was. Having reestablished tranquillity among my people, I caused an edict to be pro- claimed to secure my old friends, the Protestants, the free exercise of their religion, which decree is known as the fdkt of Nantes. The prisoner was much offended at this, and afterwards I was assas- sinated in the streets of Paris, by one of his do- 74 TRIAL OF THE POPE. JAMKS I. 75 mestic servants, one Ravaillac. a friar, in the year lOIU. A corpse was interred, which all France r?nor!'T.v ""^^^♦'"''^ »^^« -nine ; and fron. the report ot this, the prisoner supposed 1 was really James I., King of England, sworn. Q Have you any knowledge of the prisoner at the bar as pope of Rome ? A. I have. Q. ^j what name was he called when you knew him? •' A. By several ; but when he was called Pope ^^?!-i^' ^ '°°'' ">« "1°^' "o»ice of him. . Q Did he not publish a bull against you pre- vious to y-our being crowned king of England, with intent to <)eprive you of your right to the throne ? lo ,^..l T^'' '\f ^'"''' 'h'-" »^l'en I came to the throne, I would never allow popery to be encouraged m England, and that I would oppose his rebellious arms when I was established. He therefore issued out a bull, to exclude me from my nght to the crown, and commanded all the Eii*'' Q. Did he publish this bull, or rebellious proc- lamation, in the presumed title of the vicar of ^nrift, and pnnre orrr all nations ? A. He did. He always acted in that character • Carte's Ormond. vol i n ni. before and after I came to the throne. The gen- erality, if not all, of his bulls are issued forth in direct conformity to, and with the injunctions and decisions of, his' conventions of rebels, called gen- era/ councih, of which the prisoner is chairman. Q. When did you begin your reign in England? A. In the month of March, in the year of our Lord l()0:$. But his bull was published full two years before. Q Was there not a scheme laid by a considera- ble nuuibcr of traitors belonging to the society that is headed by the prisoner, to destroy you and both houses of parliament by gunpowder, soon af- ter you came to the throne ? A. There was. It will long be remembered by Protestants, and is known in history by the name of the guiipow(hr plot. 1 had ordered both houses of parliament to as- semble on the 5th of November, in the year 1G05. The queen, also, and prince of Wales, were ex- pected to be present, and I, agreeable to my duty, to deliver a speech from the throne. Under the parliament house was a vault, into which had been conveyed thirty-six barrels of gunpowder, which were carefully concealed under fagots and piles of wood. Tiiis horrid conspiracy was kept a se- cret for near eighteen months, the conspirators beincT all sworn with what is called a sacramental oath" However, the kind providence of our most gracious Sovereicrn defeated their dark, diabolical designs, in such a visible manner, as to make it evident that the Lord reigned. About ten days before the long-wished-for meet- incT of parliament, I received notice of their ma- licious plot; but search was purposely delayed till the nifrht immediately preceding the assembly. A macristl-ate fV^^" 'vith prop'^r officers, entered the 76 TRIAL OF THE POPE. matches and eZv LT ^"^i""^''""'. "ith set fire to he 'rai f I! ^'"^" '" '''^ i^'^^^^ »« when h,s lV.e "nee ; tn"; "t'lr''"''''^ T'^'^'^' tion of his heart h;^ .'*'**■•''"« '''•"Pesi- he had los the oLrn. alteruards regretted that heretics, ^LdtaT:;- rji^.t?"^"'^' ^° "'-> execL^d'in" dr«" rtularf^T^^'r^'^'"^^ -- whom was a parSr' s "' of= h';'' """"" one Garnet, a Jesnjt and !! 7i . ^^ prisoner, rebels who'surv^ed inn thu tht f*^ ""'7 ""'^'^ cles wrought by his b o^ ' J ^'"'"'^'^ '""''■ destructive olot -.n,! , ^ ''/'*'*^>' '^''"'ed their Ainnght/GotbuTL'rS' ;' S^^r-r ?'' appear, that the prisoner's or?L evidently such as were conLcted w ,h hf V ""J^'' '^■^ that, agreeable to h' b, ,S " ,'", *'"^''""'' "-"l to depdve me of m! k ' '^^^' ''"^ '^eir utmost .hede'st;uctil\f "/;e'srV"'''r" "'? '"'"''' ant parliament. ^ ' '' '^^""''^' •■"«! ^''^'est- Cross-examined by CouxsELton Q,,„„,,. *«• Ai'e you sure that the prisoner •.. .!,„ i concerned in this nlol or tl,-,. •. " ***' ""''s ^. I am cer ain tl.?, ' '"f ' ''"l''^'" !''« ? the conspiraS r..d' a Rr.fc'.l'l'r'r''^*^^ f were concerned in it Catholics onJy .i"«off'hii.s„^„';rli.;^;,;^"';■'^'" not beina able to exnliin w^ ' ''""^ '^'^^^ to ^°"; "other, ?hart;iV°t:^'o';^^:'^"' " / * v., King ot Trance, CHARLES VI. OF (GERMANY. 77 communicated it to you ; and many deny that the prisoner knew any thing of it. Can you tell by what channel you received the information 1 A, The channel throujih which I received the intelligence cannot invalidate the fact. The pris- oner published his orders to the Roman Catholics in England, and commanded them to do their utmost to deprive me. What was done was agree- able to his orders. They who did it were all his own servants, and before their execution they con- fessed their ^uilt. Charles VI., Emperor of Germany y sworn. Q. Look at the prisoner at the bar. Have you any knowledjje of him ? A. I have. I recollect him by the name of Pope Clement XL, and several other titles. i^. Did he ever presume, as the vicar of Christ, to make void and of no etTcct any covenants or treaties which you made as emperor of Germany? A. He did. Q. Will you relate to the Court what treaty he declared null and void, which you had confirmed ? A. After much human blood had been spilt on the continent to support the prisoner's authority, I executed the treaty of Alt' Radstadt, and there- by confirmed certain privileges to some of my Protestant subjects. And I also entered into alli- ance with the Protestant princes of the empire. After which the prisoner sent a letter to me, bear- in(T date the Ith day of June, 1712, wherein he wrote as follows, w hich I will repeat : — " We, by these presents, denounce to your ma- jesty, and at the same time, by the authority com- mitted to us by the Most Omnipotent God, de- clare the above-mentioned covenants of the treaty 78 TRIAL OF THE POPE. of Alt' Radstadt, and every thing contained in it, which are any wise obstructive of, or hurtful to or which may be said, esteefned, pretended, or understood to occasion, or to brin^r, or to have brought, the least prejudice to, or any ways to hurt or to have hurt, the Catholic faith, divine worship' the salvation of souls, the authority, jurisdiction,' or any rites of the church whatsoever, totrether with all and singular matters which have followed or may at any time hereafter follow from them, to be, and to have been, and perpetually to remain hereafter, de jure, null, vain, invalid, unjust, rep- robated, and evacuated of all force from the be- girinmfr, and that no person is bound to the ob- servation of them, or any of them, althousrh the same have brm rcpratidly ratijied or serurcd by an oath; and that they neither could nor ou^Tht to have been, nor can nor ought to be, obseryedl)y any person ^vhatever." * All the princes being examined, the Attorney- General stated to the Court, that, (Jthouah he h:id detained them a considerable time in the exami- nation of so many emperors and sovereiirns as wit- nesses on this important occasion, yet the case was too momentous not to demand the fullest in- vestigation. And though he now considered the overt act of deposing of princes in the name of Christ s vicar fully proved, yet he was compelled to trouble the Court a little longer on this subject while one or two other witnesses were examined' whose testimony he considered to be too weicrhtv to pass by. ° ^ Mr. HrnERxiA Catholic sworn. Q. Do you recollect any thing respecting an HIUERNIA CATHOLIC. 79 oath of allegiance, that was in (^ntemplation in the Irish parliament, to be taken by you and Irish Catholics, that required your detestation of that dangerous and abominable decree of the council of Constance, which declares that faith h not to he kept with heretics^ and that princes deprived by the pope may be deposed or murdered by their subjects ? A. Yes, I do. It was in the year ITOS. Q. Did the prisoner allow you to declare your abhorrence of these })eriiicious principles, in swear- incr allecriance to your kintj I A. No, he would not. The pope's legate, then at Brussels, wrote to us in the following manner ; " That the abhorrence and detestation of the doc- trine, that faith is not to be kept with heretics, and that princes (deprived by the pope may be de- posed or murdered by their subjects, as expressed in that proposed oath, are absolutely intolerable, as he states, those doctrines are defended and con- tended for by most Catholic nations, and the holy see has frequently followed them in practice. On the whole, he states that, as the oath is in its whole extent unlawful, so, in its nature, it is invalid, null, and of no effect, insomuch as it can by no means bind or oblige the conscience." * Q. Did he presume to promise you what he calls Indulrrenees^ for your obedience to his com- mands as Christ's vicegerent on earth ? A. Yes. In a prayer-book I commonly use, called Catholic Pirfif, you may see as follows : " Pope Clement XIV., the 5th day of April, 1772, granted an indulgence of seven years and seven quarantines, to all tlie Catholics of this kingdom, as often as they devoutly repeat Acts of Con- * Dr. Duigenan's Speech. 80 TRIAL OP HIE POPK. Thii ; • ''^ "" excellent form of prayer /I. I Imve. I have taken notice of severa em Perors an.l prmcos whom he has .ienosed „hoTe" uicimeiit. lie lias ever acteH is: r-.r . stances u-ouhl pern.it, on ^p^^'^Z^l^Z ;.. r '"-'"'P^' civil jjovcrnors or ecclesi,, c il rulers Imve any lawfnl power in clmrcl or ^tate l,„t what thoy derive from him." I "There f.>re distrihuted crowns and nations to the su em of ins pleasure an.l not onlv nsnrpe.l the de otic government of his church, -but also clime Th^ empire of (he world, and Hion-jht of no 1 i^ £s tl n of suhject.n, all the kin.s^nnd prin of t"e earlh to his lordly sceptre. When c.dled Pope Innocent III., he ,lisporoof that the senti- ments I have delivered from this one, are such as are received by men of his description, when this book was published in Paris, the approbation of the faculty of Divinity was given to the whole and prefixed in the front of the book. This body of men act in conjunction with the prisoner. Q. [From a juror.] Did you ever hear others speak in like manner ' A. Yes ; 1 have heard many declare as bad, if not worse. Q. Did any of them write the same ? A. They did. Gabriel Biel, another priest, said, that *' the angels, citizens of heaven, dare not as- pire to the authority of the priesthood." And again — - Passing by the bands of angels, let us come to the queen of heaven, and lady of the world. The same, through the plenitude of grace, she goes be- yond all creatures, yet she yields to the hierarchs of the church in the execution of the mystery committed unto them." And again he says, ** Ciirist is incarnate, and made flesh in the hands of the priests, as in the virgin's womb, and that priests do create their Creator, and have power over the body of Christ." * Antichriyt. [To the last witness.] You have omitted to produce the authority on which Father de Besse declared the power of priests. You should have noticx'd that he produced a portion from the New Testament, and founded his power on the act, Matt. xvi. 18. Wit. JIi.iii. If,, and 28, 30, 31. ST. PAUL. 87 A. If he is intimately acquainted with me, I have no knowledge of it. Q. Do you recollect ever seeing the apostle Peter at Rome? A. I never saw him at Rome when I was there. Had my brother apostle ever been there, as I wrote so many Epistles tVoin that place, I should have had frequent opportunities of mentioning my fellow- laborer. But, though I named many, I took no no- tice of him. From Rome I wrote to the churches of the Galatians, to the Ephesians, Philippians, and Colossians, and also to Timothy and Philemon, without ever once mentioning him, or sending any salutation from him. It must evidently appear that he was not there when I wrote my Epistle to the Colossians; for, mentioning Tychicus, Onesimus, Aristarchus, Mar- cus, and Justus, I added, " These (done, my fellow- workers unto the kingdom of God." * Peter was not there when I wrote my Second Epistle to Tim- othy; for I said, *' At my first answer, no man stood with me, but all forsook me." t Nor was he there at the time of my departure ; for I wrote to Timothy, that all the brethren did salute him, and named Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, and Claudia, but not Peter. | Now, as, when I wrote from Rome, I sent no salutations from him, so, in writing to Rome, though I saluted so many, he was not among the number. § Those, therefore, who wish to make it appear that he was there, must suppose that we lived there on very unfriendly terms. Antichrist. Were not St. Peter and you both confined together in one prison ? Several of the Fathers have proved it. Even many Protestants say that you were at Rome. •Col. iv. 11. iTim. iv. 16. tTim. iv. 21. -^ »^'>'" ^vi. 3. 15. 88 TRIAL OF THE POPE. all I at f athers or others have said. 1 have no doubt but they have said it; but I am sure "hev have not proved .t. However, you Ik^vo w,th2 doubt hv^ed at Ron,e, though I l.ever saw you o^ sonally there : but Iro.n tlfe descriptim, mv Lord gave me of the Man of Su, a,.d L awi"f char- acter I must conclude that t/um art thr man I therefore warned the people of your approach in several of my Epistles -pproacn, in Pet?rclain[L°v sf "''°'"' ''""'•^ ^''' "'« »P«^"e fptties oTove'r yTuT"'^^ "" ="'^ "^^ '^ '^"o- evlTc'ed^L '"""" ,' '"^P"'^'' -'" '■-. I by me '" ' "° " ''■"' ''"'^"ained Q Did you ever hear of liis beinp called nrinr,. of the apostles, vicar of Chri.t his holiJ A Q. Did he ever adorn Inniself in pontifical vp-=f rnents of the greatest splendor, and'^ ve " a .n'.re or trip e crown, bedecked with d amonds s- mnhi 1? emeralds, chrysolites, jaspers, and a" I 3^01 precious stones, such as you see the priso,."; Lw A. No. I never saw a Greater rmitr.cf *u tfnt Uat,.r^ 1- . . ^,»caicr conirast tnaii L everT;::p"e:t "^'^'^'^ ""' '^^"^ ""'^ ''- p^'--; Q. Did you ever hear of a college of nrdi S„eT'" "'^'"^"•='^' ^^'"'^ ^- -- '" JudTat ^- Never. I am quite a stranger to the name. PETER DE BRUIS. 89 Q. Did you ever hear of the apostle Peter col- lectintr annually, from all nations he could, a tax called Pittr's ptncc ! A. Never. The passajre was now cleared to make room for a considerable number of other witnesses, chiefly martyrs, who made a most brilliant and magnili- cent appearance. Several witnesses examined were withdrawn on this occasion, as the contrast was so very striking, that what fdled the Court with pleas- ure, struck some of them with additional terror. The prisoner himself also appeared for the first time to change countenance, though but little, as he evidently was completely hardened through the deceitful ness of sin. Most in court supposed that the witnesses came from ti»e celestial city in Upper Salem. They appeared intimately acquainted with the two apostles, and their interview was peculiar- ly gratifying to the whole Court. The apostles joined the martyred witnesses, and Mr. Historical Truth stood near them, being a very essential witness. Peter de Bri is sworn. Q. Did you not once act under the prisoner's authority ? A. I did. But when it pleased our Most Gra- cious Sovereign to show me my error, and grant me pardon, I rejected his authority, and swore alle- giance to our Sovereign Lord the King. This I did while I lived in France, in the twelfth century. Afterwards it pleased our Sovereign to engage me in his service. I therefore preached for several years in France what my Lord had taught me from his word. I preached the fulness and freeness of our King's grace, in opposition to the prisoner's 8* 90 TRIAL OF THE POPE. theatrical mass, merits of good works, prayers for the (lead, and veiieratinir crosses and images. Q. Did the prisoner usurp autliority over you, to oppose ilie dcjctrines revealed in the Scrii)- tures ? * A. lie did. He presumed authority, as the vicegerent of Christ, to burn or destroy all those who rejected his government. I therefore, and one Henry, who preached the same truth, were seized by the prisoner's orders, and condemned as two heretics and traitors to his kingdom. Henry, that he called my disciple, was nnpriscmed for mortal life, and I burnt in a fire, till he concluded I was dead. I suppose he never expected, alter reporting I was consumed to ashes, that \ was alive, and should appear a living witness acrainst him this day. ° Arnold of Bresclv, Preacher, sworn. Q. Did you live at the city of Rome, where the prisoner has resided for many years ? A. I did. I recollect seeing him there. Q. Did you not reject dcxidedly Iiis author- ity ? A. I did. I publicly declared the dancrer of all such as lived and died under his goverTiment in rebellion against our Sovereign Lord and Ever- lasting KiufT, Q What were the consequences that followed ? A. I was dragged to his bar at Rome, con- demned as a heretic, and publicly burnt in the year I ir)5, as was supposed to death, because some ashes, said to be mine, that were found in the fire after my deliverance, were cast into the Tybcr; but my King took me to live with him in nis own country. ALBA GERALD. 91 Alba Gerald, the Wahhn^e^ sworn. Q. Did you and about thirty more come into England as persecuted Waldenses, about the year of our Lord 1100? A. I did ; and about that number came with me, to escape, if possible, the rage and cruelty of the prisoner at the bar. Previous to my coming into England, I lived with a considerable number in the valleys of Piedmont, who had long refused to submit to own the papal power. He, then, by every instrument of destruction in his power, either slaughtered or scattered these people, and I and my companions were driven from place to place on the continent, till we embarked for England. Q. Did the prisoner pursue you to England ? A. He did. After I came there, 1 labored to bring some back from their rebellious ways to the obedience of the laws of Jesus. The consequence was, I and those who came with me were taken to prison, by order of King Henry II., who then act- ed as agent for the prisoner. We were all brought before an assembly of his bishops at Oxford, when, being asked who we were, I answered, " We are Christians, that hold the doctrines of the apostles." After further examination, we refused to own the pope's supremacy, or to obey his laws. We were then declared heretics, and condemned as such to be punished. We were then burnt with hot irons in the forehead, as heretics, and whipped through the streets of Oxford ; but we were enabled to re- joice for being accounted worthy to suffer for our King's sake. There being no law then in England to burn heretics to death, the prisoner commanded that none should presume to receive us into their houses, or grant us the smallest comfort of life, so 92 TRIAL OF THE POPE. that we mi(Tht perish with Imuger and cold, as enemies to his government. Tins tliey considered as carried into elFect, but our beloved Sovereign only removed us to a more delightful country. Mr. IJisToiiicAL Truth again examined. Q. Are you acquainted with the prisoner's con- duct to the people called Waldenses ? A. I am ; and so is Europe. They have been distinguished by various appellations. The tirst name they were called by was Va/knses ; so saith one of the oldest writers of their lives, Ebrard, of Bethune, who wrote in the year V2i2. "They call themselves Vallensrs, because they abide in the valley of tears," alluding to their situati(m in valleys of Piedmont. They were also called Al- biirrfL^cs, from A/hi, a city in the southern part of France, where a great number resided. They were afterwards denominated Va/(/nis(s, or Wal- (lenses, from one Peter Valdn, or Waldo, an opu- lent citizen of Lyons, and one of the most active of these people. And from I.i/uns, its ancient name being Lenua, they were called Leonists. "From all the remains of their writings, and the testimony even of their most violent enemies, it will appear that they maintained the following principles — that the Holy Scriptures are the only rule of faith and practice ; Chri>t Jesus the only Sovereign Head and Lawijiver of his church ; sal- vation by Christ alone; the pope, Antichrist, the church of Rome, the whore of Babylon ; masses, impious ; purgatory, an invention of men ; monk- ery, a stinking carcass; invoking of dead saints, idolatry ; the host, an idol ; and so many orders of the Roman clergy, so many marks of the beast." In the beginning of the thirteenth century, they had spread so far, and were so fast increasing HISTORICAL TRUTH. 93 every day, the prisoner thought proper to exert his utmost efforts to suppress them. For this purpose, war, or what lie called a holif crusade, was pro- claimed against them, and the office of iucjuisition erected ; the one to subdue their bodies, and the other to enslave their souls. It is enougli to make the blood run cold, to hear of the horrid murders and devastations of this time, and of the number of these poor people who were sacrificed to the bliud fury and malice of the prisoner. It is com- puted, that, in France alone, there were slain a million of these people; and yet this was inade- quate to satisfy his infernal desire. I will just notice the testimony of Thuanus, a priest under the prisoner's government, and who is considered an historian of repute. He says, '* Against the Waldenses, when exquisite punish- ments availed little, and the evil was exasperated by the remedy which had been unseasonably ap- plied, and their number increased daily ; at length complete armies were raised, and a war of no less weight than what our people had before waged against the Saracens, was decreed acrainst them : the event of which was, that they were rather slain, put to flight, spoiled every where of their goods and dignities, and dispersed here and there, than that, convinced of their error, they repented. So that they fled into Provence and the neighbor- ing Alps of the French territory, and found shel- ter for their lives and doctrine in those places. Part withdrew into Calabria, part passed into Ger- manv, and fixed their abode amonjr the Bohemians, and in Poland and Livonia. Others, turninff to the west, obtained refuge in Britain." * * Thuanus, in Pracf. ad Henry IV. 94 TRIAL OF THE POPE. In these wars, when the rebels, under the com- mand of the prisoner, took the city of Beziers, they put to the sword above GU,OUO persons, among whom were many of their own profession, the pope's legate crying out, '' Kill them all, for the Lord knoweth them that are his ! " * Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibrle. Q. Do you not recollect the many abominable heresies and vices the Waldenses were charcred with ? A. What they were charged with by those who were totally unacquainted with them, 1 do not con- sider worth notice. The prisoner always pretend- ed to find all guilty of heresy who were enemies to his authority. But to prove my statement to be just, I will produce three of the most respectable Roman Catholic authors, who have written in the defence of the prisoner at the bar The first I will name is Reinerius Sacco, whose testimony is the most remarkable, as he was of the order of the Dominicans, and inquisitor-general about the year 1254. This cruel inquisitor, who exerted such a furi- ous zeal for the destruction of the Waldenses, lived about eighty years after Valdo, of Lyons, and must therefore be supposed, from his horrid employment, to know their real character. lie said, *' Among all the sects which still are, or have been, there is not any more pernicious to the church, than that of the Leonists. And this for three reasons: the first is, because it is older, for some say that it hath endured from the time of Pope Sylvester ; others, from the time of the apos- * Pet. Hist. Alb. c. 17, »S.c. historical truth. 95 ties; the second, because it is more general, for there is scarce any country where this sect is not ; the third, because, when all other sects begat hor- ror in the hearers by the outrageousness of their blasphemies against God, this of the Leonists hath a great show of piety, because t/iri/ live justly be- fore men^ and believe all things rightly concerning God, and all the articles which are contained in the creed ; only they blaspheme the church of Rome and the clergy, whom the multitude of the laity is easy to believe." The credit of Thuanus, as an historian, has been always admitted by those under the govern- ment of the prisoner, and he was wise enough to distinguish between their real opinions and those falsely imptited to them. He gave this account of them : " Peter Valdo, a wealthy citizen of Lyons, about the year 1170, gave name to the Valdenses. lie, (as Guy Perpignon, bishop of Elna, in Roussillon, wlio exercised the office of inquisitor against tlio Valdenses, hath left testified in writing,) leaving his house and goods, devoted himself wholly to the profession of the gospel, and took care to have the writings of the proj)hets and apostles translated into the vulgar tongue. When in a little time he had many followers, he sent them forth, as his disciples, into all parts, to propagate the gospel." — *' Their fixed opinions were said to be these : that the church of Rome, because she hath renounced the true faith of Christ, is the whore of Babylon, and that barren tree which Christ himself hath cursed and com- manded to be rooted up. Therefore we must by no means obey the pope, and the bishops who cherish his errors. That the monastic life is the sink of the church, and an hellish institution ; .j^fc^ 96 TRIAL OF THE POPE. Its VOWS are vain, and subservient only to the filthy love of boys ; the orders of the presbytery are the marks of the great beast, which is mentioned in the Apocdypse; the fire of purgatorv, the sacri- fice ot the mass, the feasts of the dedications of churches, the worship of saints, and the propitia- tions for the dead, are inventions of Satan. To these, the pruicipal and certain heads of their doc- trines, others were feigned and added, concernincr niarriage the resurrection, the state of the soul alter death, and concerning meats." I shall now repeat the "testimony of Mezeray, the celebrated historiographer of France, which though short, is full to the purpose. He said, that tliey had almost the same opinions as those " who are -now called Calvhtists." If, therefore, any ot these Roman Catholic writers had known the crimes of these persecuted people, surely they would have revealed them. Q throuii from the Court.] Did not the prisoner, 1 the mstrumentality of such as acted by his authority, circulate a variety of false reports to excite princes to destroy them, on account of their unnatural and shocking figure? A. Yes. So extravagant were some in attempt- ing to describe their persons to Philip, duke of :^avoy, that he was induced to examine into the truth of the reports, principally with a view of gratifying his sight, by witnessing such extraor- dinary monstrous beings. He therefore ordered some of their children to be brought from the val- leys, to satisfy himself whether they were not born with back throats, shaggj; manes, and four rows of teeth, as described.* ^ * Modern Uniyersal History, vol. t^, p. 845. WALTER LOLLARD. 97 The Clerk of the Crown then read extracts from three rebel proclamations, or pope's bulls, published by order of the prisoner. " On pain of anathema, let no man presume to entertain or cherish them in his house or land, or exercise trafiic with them." — Canon of the Coun- cil of Lateran. Pope Alexander HI. On pain of the same curse, " No man should presume to receive or assist them, no not so nuich as to hold any communion with them, in selling or buying, that, being deprived of the comforts of humanity, they may be compelled to repent of the error of their ways."— Synod of Tours, in France. Pope Alexander HI. In like manner, ** Permit not the heretics to have houses in your districts, or enter into con- tracts, or carry on commerce, or enjoy the com- forts of humanity with Christians." — Dull of Pope Martin V., after the Council of Constance. Walter Lollard sworn. Q. Were you a preacher of the gospel in Ger- many, about the year of our Lord 1315 ? A. Yes. According to the abilities the Lord was pleased to give me, I preached the glorious gospel of the ever-blessed God. Q. Have you been acquainted with the prisoner at the bar ? A. I have. I knew him when I preached the gospel in Germany, and I testified against him there, as I was convinced he was Antichrist, the enemy of my Lord's person and government. I therefore rejected his traitorous authority, and the superstitious ceremonies of his rebellious society. But the consequence was, I was taken by his or- der, underwent an examination before several of o 98 TIUAL OF THE POPE. his agents, and was condemned, as a heretic, to be burnt to death. He therefore consigned me to the flames in the year 1»J*J*2, and, according to report, I was consumed to ashes. Jonx WicKLiFFE sworn. Q. Are you a native of Enghand ? A. I am. I was once a priest under the prison- er's authority, was called professor of divinity at Oxford, and afterwards rector of Lutterworth. In the year of our Lord iJiGO, a number of Mendicant Friars, wlio were delegated by the prisoner to sup- port his government, came into England. Their scandalous embassy I despised. I defended the statutes and privileges of the university of Oxford against all the orders of the Mendicants, and threw out some reproofs against the pope, their principal patron. After this, in the year 1^307, I was de- prived of the wardenship in the university, by the archbishop of Canterbury, who substituted a monk in my place ; and the sentence of the archbishop was confirmed by the prisoner, under the name of Pope Urban V. From this time I discovered more of his treason and rebellion than I ever did before. I threw otf all restraint, and not oidy attacked the monks, and their scandalous irregularities, but the pontiff him- self, as their ringleader in rebellion. Soon after this, I translated the Scriptures into the Enorlish language, and exhorted the people to study the Word of God, and not obey the prisoner's orders when opposed to it. Li the year 1377, he having assumed the name of Pope Gregory XL, the arch- bishop was ordered to call a council in London, to sit in judgment on me ; but though the danger was considered great, T escaped by the interest of the duke of Lancaster. WILLIAM SAW THE. 99 The prisoner having been compelled by one Mr. Death, whom he could never deceive, to relinquish the name of Gregory XL, a great schism com- menced about the next title he should assume. This withdrew his attention from me for some time ; but afterwards he proceeded against me with great vehemence, in two councils held at London and Oxford, in the year ]'lL.k-Aii*.!^>i ». -aiaj'Jif jja-fABf^^.^^ 102 TRIAL OF TUP POPE. heresy, when I addressed him in these words : lhoua:h you judge my body, winch is but a wretched thing, yet I am sure you can do me no liarm as to my soul. He who created it, will of ftis inhnite mercy and promise, finally save it, I have no manner of doubt. As to the articles be- fore rehearsed, I wdl stand to them to my verv do.ith, by the grace of my eternal God." I was condemned to d.e, but. the day before my execu- tion vvas to have taken place, I mad<« my escape Irom the lower, and continued in Wales for about hnir years. After which, being seized by the prisoners emissaries, and having been outlawed, hoy delivered me over to death, as a heretic and raitor. 1 was then taken to the place of execu- tion, and suspended by the waist with an iron clia.n. In this manner, 1 was hung as a traitor and cruelly burnt as a heretic, amidst the execra^ tions of my savage tormentors, till my Kin.r deliv- ered me out of their hands. [The chain was produced in court.] John lluss sworn. This witness confirmed the testimonv of the em- peror Sigismund, which, as it is noticed before is omitted here. There was, however, a remarka'ble expression he uttered while burning, which the emperor omitted. It was his answer to the last question, which is ^ere set down. Q. Did you not address yourself, when at the nre, to some of the popish clergy who were pres- ent, and make use of some expressions that were thought remarkable ? A I did speak to them after the fire was kin- (.led. I said, among other words, " Ye shall an- swer for this a hundred ijcars hence, both before JEROME OF PRAGUE. 103 God and me ; " and also, "You roast a ^oosc now, but a swan shall arise, whom you siiall not be able to burn as you do the poor weak goose.^^ These expressions were then remarked, and a century after were thought very remarkable, because lluss, in the Bohemian language, signifies a goose, as Jjitt/irr d(jes a swan ; and just a hundred years after, Luther appeared, and gave the prisoner a deeper wound than he ever received before, yet he couM not burn Luther. Jerome of Prague sworn. This witness also confirmed the testimony of the emperor Sigismund, which is here omitted, and only the latter part of his examination recorded. Q. When yoii was brought before the council of Constance, what examination did you undergo ? A. I was not allowed a hearing. Tiiey ex- claimed on all sides, " Away with liim," *' Burn him, burn him." Q. Did they proceed to burn you immediately ? A. No. I vvas confined full ten months in a loathsome prison, and such was my weakness, that one day I was persuaded to recant ; but, when taken before the council, I revoked my recan- tati)n, and opposed the authority of the prisoner as fir as I was able. I was then condemned, as a relapsed heretic, to be burnt to death. Imme- diatelv thev dressed me in a paper cap, ornamented with flaming devils, and led me to the place of ex- ecution. When the cap was placed upon my head, I said, ^* The Lord Jesus Christ, when he sulFered death for me, a miserable sinner, wore upon his head a crown of thorns, and I, for his sake, will cheerfully wear this cap." When I was bound to the stake, the executioner went behind 104 TRIAL OF THE POPE. SAVON i:rola. 105 me to kindle the fire, when I was so strengthened by my Lord, that I said to him, ** Come here and kindle it before my eyes, tor I had not come hither if 1 had been afraid of it." The fire was now kindled, and the llames surrounded me, while my soul was filled with such heavenly courage, as greatly astonished the beholders. My Sove'reign Lord the King now appeared in sight, and by°a special celestial guard, I was rescued out of their hands. The last words they heard me speak were, '* In these flames, O Christ, I offer up my soul to thee ; " and, because I disappeared out of their sight, they spread the report that they saw me burnt to death. This was in the year 1410, on the 30th day of May. Jeronimo Savonerola sworn. Q. Have you not been em[)loved bv our King to preach the gospel in Italy since you w'as a Domin- ican friar ? A. I have endeavored to proclaim the glory and freeness of our King's grace to niy beni^lited countrymen, and, to the glory of his namc° my labors were blessed with success. Q. Will you relate to the Court what you knew of the prisoner during your residence in Italy? A. I will. When I knew him, he, as usual, continued to change his name at different tim^s! But when I took most notice of him, he called himself hy the title of Alexander VI. The life and actions of the prisoner by this name, evidently showed that he was a Nero'indeed. The crimes that his most deluded followers have imputed to him, clearly prove that he was destitute of every virtuous principle, regardless of decency, and hard- ened against the very feeling of shame. There is upon record a list of undoubted facts, which, for their number and atrocity, are sufficient to render him, by the name of Alexander VI., odious and detestable, even to such as have but the smallest tincture of morality or humanity. It is well known that the prisoner always made a profession of sanctity, even \yhen liis conduct wa-< the most infamous. lie therefore claimed the title of /ii.< holinrss, while living in all manner of wickedness. And though he declared that the olHce of his priesthood was too sacred to admit either himself or any priest to have a lawful wife, fie, with them in general, lived in fornication and adultery. lie therefore, to my own knowledge, only during the time he went by the name of Alexander VI., had, by one concubine, with whom he lived several years, four illeijitimate sons, amono- whom was the infamous Cicsar Bororia, who fol- lowed his father in every wickedness and abomina- tion. A daughter, named Lucretia, was likewise amonij the numl^er of his spurious offspring. And his only aim was to load them with riches and honor, in contempt of every obstacle which the demands of justice and the dictates of reason laid in his way. Thus he went on in his profligate career, until tfie year 1503, when he took, by a providential mistake, some poison, which he and his wicked son had prepared for others, who were obstacles in the way to their ambition. The poison had so much effect, that it disabled him, by this name, from pursuing the same course, when his old antago- nist, .Mr. Death, constrained him to assume a new title. Djirinir my residence in Italy, I preached against the luxury, avarice, and debnuchery, of the Roman clergy in general, and of the tyranny .^ 106 TRIAL OF THE POPE. MARTIN LUTHER. 107 and wickedness in particular, of the prisoner and his son Caesar. I also wrote a book, entitled, " The Lamentations of the Spouse of Christ, agaiiist false Apostles; or, an Exhortation to the Failliful that they would pray unto the Lord for the Renovation oi his Church." The prisoner then exconiinuni- cated and in)prisoned me, and, after beincr most cruelly tortured, I was chained to a stake, and burnt, on the '2:ld of May, 149S, in the 4(nh year oi my age. I have not seen the prisoner from that day to this, until I now see him at the bar. Ro<;er Actox, John Beverly, and John Brown, sworn. These witnesses testified that they, tocrcther with others, rejected the prisoner's authority^ dur- ing the time they lived in London ; that the'y fre- quently met in a field, called St. Giles's Field, in the night, lor prayer and social worship; that in the year 1413, on one night they were seized by his order, and in the said field were all (in number thirty-six) hanged by the neck, and fires kindled under them, with intent to destroy them as heretics and traitors. Martin Luther sworn. When this witness appeared, the people were very anxious to be gratified with a siglit of the old reformer. The prisoner, however, did not seem to enjoy any satisfaction in viewing him upon the green cloth ; on the contrarv, he hung down his head, gave him a malicious look, and appeared much confused. Q. Where was you born ? ^^'i IZ"^^ born at Isleben, in Saxony, on the 10th of November, in the year of our Lord 1483. Q. Look at the prisoner. Do you know liiml A. I do; and I believe he recollects me. When I knew him at Rome, he went by the names of Pope Alexander VI., Pius 111., Julius II., Leo X., Adrian VI., Clement VII., and Paul III. Q. Was you not once one of his priests ? A. I was. i was called a monk of the order of St. Augustine, and professor of divinity atWittem- berg. "But, though I was his deluded slave, yet I was never so happy in his service as others ap- peared to be. I shall long remember, when I was at Rome, how awfully devoted 1 was to his des- potic laws, although I derived no solid satisfaction in my own breast for my obedience to them. There is at Rome, placed in one of the churches, a (pretended) very holy and celebrated staircase, consisting of twenty-eight steps of marble, said to be taken" from the"^ house of Pontius Pilate, and which Christ is reported to have ascended and de- scended several times. These steps can only be ascended kneeling; and so blinded was I and thousands, by the prisoner, that to crawl up these stairs was thought to be one of the most meritori- ous actions that could be performed. At the bottom of these steps are frequently seen ten or twelve carriacres of the first people of Rome, wailing to perform this duty.* Up and down these very stairs 1 have often crept, but without that pleas- ure' which icrnorant devotees find in this ridiculous ceremony ; for, although I was then unacquainted with our' beloved Sovereign, yet some words that I had read of his, seemed continually resounding m my ears, which led me to be dissatisfied with what • Vidp Sketch of a Tour on the Continent, in 1786-7, by J. E. Smith, M. D., vol. ii. p. 37. ! lOS TRIAL OF THE POPE. fafth." '^^^ '''"'^' '""■"' " '^•'^ J"«' ^hall live by Previous to the year 1517, the Lord was pleased to enlighten ,ny eyes to discover the lanlu Cem- o"" word'buri '■'" '''""• 'y ''' --'in. on s " word, but, being surrounded by biaotrv in.l uperst.„on and retaining too much^of m^ Zrmer gnorance I scarcely knew how to disentan-de y self from h.s service. However, in the year I "i 7 an opportunity offered to unfold as fur ^as I the ' discovered, my views of the truth trade of^^rr"" '"''."°'' ''^^ "P "'« '"oney-makin-r trade of selling pardons and indulcrences and Ind pnbhshed a catalogue of his wares> These wee distributed by h.s agents with every poss b e X t.on, to excite the attention and pick*^ the tcket of such as were duped by him. 0„e Join. £e a Dominican friar, had been chosen, on accoma of oi iHentz and Magdeburg, to preach and proclaiin m Germany these infamous indul.rences Tnd o promjse the pardon of all sins, howe'ver e 'lo mou. to all who were rich enough to purchase Tem' Th.s frontiers monk executed his iniquitous co": n..sMo„ with matchless insolence, inSece.rcy.Td Unable to smother my indignation at the insnl, offered to my lawful Sovereign, King Jesus I r Tse ad :.rti.e''3!.tr ef '"t "'>"--'''« '-S ana on the 'JDth of September, in the \eir I*;i- d. publicl> at VVittemWrg. .n'nin«"n , V4- 8 te to .T ","" ''"^ ''}''^' '' diametrically '^^.if^ site to the laws and statutes of Christ Jesus Many i„ Germany had long groaned under the * Vide Taxa CancPlIar. Rom. MARTIN LUTHER. 109 iron sceptre of the prisoner, and grievously mur- mured aorainst the extortions of his tax-2:atherers, who daily put in practice various stratagems to fleece the rich, and grind the face of the poor. Many of these gladly received the declaration I made of the all-sufficiency of Jesus and his aton- ing blood, and consequently despised the pardons and indulgences offered for sale by Tetzel and the Dominicans. The alarm of controversy was now sounded, and Tetzel himself immediately appeared against me, and pretended to refute what I had declared, in two discourses he delivered when he was made a doctor in divinity. In the following year, two fa- mous Dominicans, Sylvester de Priero, and Hoolg- start, rose up against me, and attacked me at Co- logne, with the utmost violence. Their example was followed by another, named Eckius, a cele- brated professor of divinity, at Ingolstadt, and one of the most zealous supporters of the Dominican order. I was enabled to stand my crround against their united efforts, and the more I disputed with them, the more I was convinced that truth was on my side. At first the prisoner, then called Leo X., seemed to view the controversy with total in- difference, as he thought that a poor, insignificant monk was not worth his notice. At length the emperor informed him of what was likely to follow my labors in Germany, when he summoned me to appear before his tribunal at Rome. But the elector of Saxony, Frederic the Wise, pretendinjT that my cause belonged to a German tribunal, this summons was superseded. I was ordered to justify my conduct before one of his cardinals, named Cajetan, who was at that time his legate, at the diet of Augsburg. This man 10 * t 110 TRIAL OF THE POPE. was my decided enemy, a friend of Tetzel, and a JJomjiHcan ; yet I repaired to Aucrsburg, in Octo- ber 1518. But had I even been dispos'ed to yield to the prisoner, this imperious leirate was, o'f aJI others, the most improper to obtain my subinission. He, m an overbearing tone, desired me to renounce my opmions, without ever attempting to prove them erroneous, and insisted on my inmi^ediate obedi- ence to the pontiff's commands. I could never think of yielding to terms so un- reasonable in themselves, and so despotically pro- posed ; and, as I found my judge and adversary in- accessible to reason and argument, I left Au(Tsbur(r immediately. The prisoner then published°a spot cial edict, ** commanding his spiritual subjects to acknowledge /us power of delivering from all the punishment due to sin and transgression of every kind." As soon as I perceived this public decree I repaired to Wittemberg, and on the 28th day of November, appealed from him to a general coun- cil. After this, the prisoner appeared to think that Cajetan was not a proper person to reconcile me to him, and he resolved to employ one more mod- erate and insinuating. Accordingly one Charles Miltitz, a Saxon knight belonging to the court ot Rome, was delegatel by him to make a second attempt to restore me. This new leirate was therefore sent into Saxony, to present"^ to 1^ redenc the golden consecrated rose, and to treat with me about a reconciliation. Q. Did not Cajetan make use of some very awtul expressions to prove the power of the pris- oner to pardon sin, &.c. ? A. He did. He said, amonj; many other absurd expressions, that -one drop of Christ's blood being suflicient to redeem the whole human race, the re^ MARTIN LUTHER. Ill maining quantity tiiat was shed in the garden and upon the cross, was left as a legacy to the church, to bo a treasure from whence indulgences were to be drawn and administered by the Roman pontiff " ! The prisoner had published the same before in one of his decretals, when he was known by the name of Pope Clement VI., which is called, and that justly, for more reasons than one, Extravagnnts. Q. Do you recollect what arguments Miltitz made use of to persuade you to return to the pris- oner's authority ? A. I do. Pie first proceeded to demand of the elector that he would either oblige me to return to the obedience of the see of Rome, or withdraw his protection from me. But, perceiving that he was received by the elector with a degree of cold- ness bordering on contempt, and that the cause for which I pleaded was too far advanced to be destroyed by the effects of mere authority, he had recourse to gentler methods. He loaded Tetzel with the bitterest reproaches, on account of the irregular and superstitious means he had employed for promoting the sale of indulgences, and attrib- uted to this miserable wretch all the abuses I had complained of Tetzel, on the other hand, burdened with the iniquities of Rome, tormented with the conscious- ness of his own injustice and extortions, died of grief and despair. I confess I was so affected by the agonies of despair under which this unhappy rebel labored, that I wrote him a pathetic letter. And as I knew, in a degree, the freeness and ful- ness of our King's grace to pardon the vilest trai- tor upon earth, I endeavored, to the utmost of my power, to beseech him to be reconciled to our Lord the King. But it produced no good effect, I 112 TRIAL OF THE POPE. for as he lived, so he died, a great traitor to the government of Heaven. His infamy was perpetu- ated by a picture placed in the church of Penna, in which he is represented on an ass, selling in- dulgences to a deluded multitude. This incendiary, being sacrificed as a victim to cover the Roman pontiff from reproach, iMiltitz entered into particular conversation with me at Altenburg. He did not pretend to justify the scandalous traffic of indulgences, but requested me to acknowledge the four following things, — " 1st, That the people had been seduced by false notions of indulgences ; 2d, That I had been the cause of that seduction, by representing indulgences much .more heinous than they really were ; iid. That the odious conduct of Tetzel alone had given occasion to these representations; and, 4th, That though the avarice of Albert, archbishop of Mentz, had set on Tetzel, yet that his rapacious tax-gatherer had exceeded by far the bounds of his commis- sion." These proposals were accompanied with many soothing words and pompous encomiums on my character, capacity, and talents, and with the softest and most pathetic expostulations in favor of union and concord ; all which he joined to- gether with the greatest dexterity and address, in order to touch and disarm me ; and at first, I must confess, it produced too much effect. But the re- sult was, I refused to comply with his request, and the prisoner issued out a bull against me, dated the 15th day of June, 1520, in which forty-one pretended heresies, extracted from mv writings, were solemnly condemned ; all my writings or- dered to be publicly burnt; T, on pain of excom- munication, to confess and retract my errors within the space of sixty days, and cast myself upon the MATITIX LUTHER. 113 clemency and mercy of the pontiflf. I then resolved to show, in the most public manner, that I had withdrawn from the prisoner's authority, despised his papdl thunder, and in future would own no other Sovereign but our Lord and everlastinor King. I therefore, on the 10th day of December, in the year 1520, caused a pile of wood to be erected without the walls of the city of Wittem- berg ; and there, in the presence of a prodigious multitude of people of all ranks and orders, I committed to the flames both his bull that he pub- lished against me, and the decretals and canons relating to his supreme jurisdiction, as the pre- tended vicar of Christ. By this act I designed to declare to the world that I was no longer a subject of the pope. For the man who conunits to the flames the code that contains the laws of his sovereign, shows thereby that he has no longer any respect for his govern- ment, nor any design to submit to his authority. In less than a month another bull was proclaimed against me, bearing date the Oth day of January, 1521, by which 1 was expelled from the commu- nion of the church of Rome, for having *' insulted the majesty and disowned the supremacy of the" prisoner at the bar. Such iniquitous laws, enacted against me, pro- duced an effect very diflerent from what the im- perious pontiff expected. The Lord enabled me to wax more bold against his traitorous govern- ment ; and the mmibers who deserted his standard and came over and professed allegiance to our be- loved Sovereifrn, encourajjed me yet more. The Lord stirred up others also, in different countries, to oppose the sovereignty of the prisoner, and the pillars of Babylon, his strong hold, began to trem- 10* 114 TRIAL OF THE POPE. ble. Several heralds were also engaged by our King to proclaim pardon to rebels who rejected Antichrist, and returned to their allegiance. The emperor xMaximilian I., hav'ing departed this life, and hi^ grandson, Charles vT, king of Spain, succeeding him, the prisoner took tins' ojv portunity of venting and executing his vengeance, as far as he could, on such as dared to "call in question his power. He put the new emperor in mind of his character, as advocate and drfrndrr of the churchy and demanded on me exemplary punishment. Frederic the elector, however, em- ployed his interest with Charles, so far as to pre- vent any unjust sentence being pronounced against me till I was heard. I was therefore ordered to repair to Worms within twenty-one days, in order that my conduct might be examined, and decided upon in the public diet. When I appeared before the emperor, princes, and assembly, I was desired to recant and retract what I had published, but which I absolutely re- fused, unless it could be proved that what I had written was contrary to the word of God. I in- sisted that I could prove that the pope of Rome and his general councils had frecpiently erred, and that grievously ; and therefore it would be an un- godly thing in me, or any other, to assent to them and depart from the Holy Scriptures, which could not err. Some attempted to persuade the emperor to violate his promise of protection to me, as Siiris- mund had done before to John IIuss ; but'^he would not. I therefore was permitted to depart, and the emperor gave me twenty-one days' protec- tion on my way home. After my departure from the diet, I was condemned as an enemy to the Holf/ Roman Empirg. The elector Frederic, who MARTIN LUTHER. 115 saw the storm raising against me, used such pre- cautions as he could to secure me from its vio- lence. For this purpose he sent three or four persons, in whom he could confide, to meet me on my return from the diet, in order to conduct me to a place of safety, who, disguised by masks, exe- cuted their commission with the utmost secrecy and success. I was taken to the castle of Warten- burg, where I continued full ten months, and em- ployed this involuntary leisure in translating the Scriptures into the Dutch language, and writing several works which I afterwards published. I left this Patmos in the month of March, 1522, without either the knowledge or consent of Fred- eric, my protector, as I could not bear to be hid in the hour of danger. Havinix returned to Wit- temberg, and translated some part of the Scrip- tures into the German tongue, it is almost incred- ible the sudden and blessed effects it produced, when circulated among the people. From the minds of many it extirpated, root and branch, the superstition, idolatry, and rebellion, scattered over the earth by the prisoner. While the proclamation of the laws of our King produced wonders, the prisoner changed his name to Adrian VI. By this name he sent a legate to the diet assembled at Nuremberg, in the year 1522, to demand the speedy and vigorous execu- tion of the sentence pronounced against me at Worms. The next year, the same demand was made by him in the most violent manner, by the name of Pope Clement VII. Frederic, elector of Saxony, died in the year 1525, and John, his brother, succeeded him. He immediately acted a decided part; for, being fully convinced that the authority of the prisoner was usurped, he rejected him and his superstitious laws. 116 TRIAL OF THE POPE. One assembly met after another in Germany, which rather increased than cliecked the pro^I ress of the reformation. The prisoner, not meet- ing with the support he wished from tiie em- peror Charles v., entered into a confederacy with the French and Venetians against that prince. Charles, though one of the prisoner's church or society, being greatly exasperated at his conduct, abolished the papal authority in his Spanish domin- ions, made war upon the pope in Italy, and laid siege to Home in the year 1527. The prisoner, then Clement VII., was blocked up in the castle of St. Angelo, and exposed to severe but legal treatment; during which time the princes of tlie empire enjoyed some tranquillity. After this, Charles made peace with the prison- er, and again supported him in rebellion; and, in an assembly held at Spires, in the year hVJl), de- creed it unlawful for any person to change or alter his religious government. This decree was justly considered as iniquitous and intolerable by the elector of Saxony, landgrave of Hesse, and others, who remonstrated, but in vain. They then en- tered a solemn protat against the decree and pris- oner, on the 19th day of April ; and from that day the appellation of Protf^tant has been given to such as protest against his vile authority. At last, the famous council of Trent was pro- posed, and, after much altercation, assembled on the l:^th day of December, l.>4.>. The emperor and prisoner had mutually resolved the destruction of all who should oppose this council, and the meeting of the assembly was to be the signal for taking arms. Accordingly its deliberations were scarcely begun before armies appeared ready to deluge Germany in human gore. MARTIN LUTHER. 117 Notwithstanding this, several princes publicly rejected the prisoner's authority, and his conven- tion of rebels at Trent, and appeared in the field to defend their rights. Of the scenes of tumult and the calamities that followed, I can say but little ; for, being sixty-three years of age, my Sove- reign thought proper to withdraw me from the scene, while I was at Isleben, on the 18th day of February, 1540. Being superannuated, I have, from that day, lived upon a liberal pension of ever- lasting life, and have not seen the prisoner from that day to this. Cross-examined by Mr. Jesuit. Q. Did you not vow, as a monk, to observe celibacy 1 A. I did, when I was ignorant of God and his laws. Q. Do not all nuns solemnly vow the same ? A. They do; and when people have taken leave of their reason, they may promise any thing. Q. Did you not marry contrary to your vow, and was not the woman you married a nun, who violated her oath to marry you? A. I did marry contrary to my vows which I made when a stranger to my Lord the King ; and I married a nun, so called, contrary to her vows, f had God's authority to marry, and the pope's to live a single life. When, therefore, I rejected the prisoner's usurped government, I rejected his laws ; and when I became a subject of my Lord's king- dom, I rendered obedience to him. Q. But did you not do it contrary to your oath I A. I have before observed that I did it contrary to my monkish vows. I had also promised, as a lis TRIAL OF THE POPK priest to own the prisoner's rebellious author- ity ; but can it be supposed, because a man has been reared in rebellion, ignorant of his lawful Sovereign, and a stranger to his laws, and has been made to vow or promise obedience to a ty- rant that he IS always bound to remain a traitor all the days of his life ? The laws and statutes of my 1 rince, as well as the laws of reason, justify the act I did. » j j Q. Where was your religion before you ^ A In the Bible, and in the hearts of all the taittiful subjects of our Lord the Kincr Where was my religion before me ! Attend To the wit- nesse^ that have been examined. They prove that God has, ,n all ages, had a people to serve him Look also into the valleys of Piedmont, at the Waldenses and ask popish writers themselves- they will tell you they wr:e five hundred years be^ fore me, and some of them say that from the time ot the apostles they were continued. And if there Avere no enemies to Antichrist before me how came it to pass that he chained so many to the born ? ^'^'^'^ '""""^ centuries before I was PniLip Mrlanctiion sworn. Q. Was you not once under the prisoner's au- thority ? ' A I was, but, blessed be God, not now. Q. Did you continue long in his service ? wi '^!^' ^ '^'^^ ^^^"^ twenty.four years of age. When about that age, I attended to hear Martin Luther dispute with Eckius, on the supremacy of he pope of Rome: and from that time I was so lully convinced that the prisoner's power was usurped, that I united with Luther, and we be- came intimate friends. MELANCTHON. 119 Q. Do you recollect any of the arguments brought by Eckius to support the prisoner's au- thority ? .1. All his arjjuments were derived from the spurious and insipid decretals, which were scarcely of four hundred years' standing ; * while Luther proved, to a demonstration, that the church of Rome, in the earlier ages, had never been ac- knowledged as superior to other churches, and combated that church (so called) and the prisoner, from the testimony of the Scripture, the authority even of those Fathers they pretend to venerate, the best ecclesiastical historians, and even from the decrees of the council of Nice itself. Q. Do you remember the prisoner's sending the Dominican friars to sell his pardons ? A. I do. Some pardons were offered for sins impossible to be committed, and too shocking to be imagined ; others, for sins future as well as past. Indulgences were often granted to whole fraternities, and sometimes for a thousand years or more. And amonnr the relics exhibited to view, was a plume, said to be a plume of the wing of St. Michael the archanirel. John Tetzel often shocked me with his awful blasphemies. He, in attempting to describe the efficacy of the indul- gences he had to vend, said, that " Even had any one defloured the mother of God, he had from the pope (or prist)ner) wherewithal to efface his guilt"! And he also boasted that "he had saved more souls out of hell by his indulgences, than St. Peter had converted to Christianity by his preach- ing." He also promised to all that would put ten shilliiicTs into the box which he carried about with ** Vide Seckendorff's Hist, of Luth. 120 TRIAL OF THE POPE. him, license to eat white meats and flesh in Lent, and power to deliver what soul they would out ot purgatory; and moreover full pardon for all their sins, however heinous. But if it was one jot less than ten shillings, he said it would profit nothing. Ulric Zuixglius, the Rff or mer of Switzerland, sworn. Q. Was you not once under the authority of the prisoner at the bar ? A. I was. I was called a canon of Zurich, and an archdeacon in Switzerland ; but 1 began to manifest my public opposition to his government in the year 1519. I had, previous to'^that time, been led to suspect that the prisoner had usurped his authority, and was really a rebel in disguise ; and afterwards I was satisfied that my suspicions were well founded. Soon after this, the prisoner sent into Switzerland an Italian monk, whose name was Samson, to carry on the same impious traffic of indulgences as Tetzel had done in Ger- many. I opposed the traitor Samson, and his master who sent him ; and at last I had the sat- isfaction of seeing by far the greater part of Switzerland reject the authority of the prisoner at the bar. William, Prince of Orange^ sworn Q. Do you recollect the prisoner's conduct to the people in the Low Countries, and if it was ever computed how many were murdered by the duke of Alva ? A. I do. When they were liberated from his shackles by the preaching of the gospel, he took the most violent measures to reenslave them. For WILLIAM, PRIN( E OF ORANGE. 121 this purpose he augmented the number of his re- bellious bishops, established that horrid tribunal called the Holy Inqui.^ition, and inhumanly tor- tured and murdered, by racks, gibbets, and fires, many thousands, besides those who perished by the sword. The duke of Alva himself boasted, that, in the Netherlands alone, within the space of a few years, he had despatched 30,000 souls, by the hands of the common executioner. The Jesu- its, from their first institution to the year 1480, that is, between thirty and forty years, are com- puted to have put to death 900,000 Christians, who rejected the prisoner's authority. And in the space of scarce thirty years, the Inciuisition de- stroyed, by various tortures, 150,000. One Saun- ders, a priest, confesses that an innumerable mul- titude were burnt throughout all Europe. John Calvin, the Reformer^ sworn. Q. Are you ngt a Frenchman by birth ? A. I was born at Noyon, in Picardy, in France, on the 10th day of July, 1509. I was educated in the church of Rome, and ordained in her corrupt communion ; l)ut I rejected the prisoner's traitor- ous supremacy in the year 1531, when f was about twenty-five years of a<),0()0 men, with ing the sacred Ai;s;'';-r'7'::'- ="•;' '''»^P''em- and into hoi^e, 1 To, "'. ^":'' ""°"g'' '"'« streets cred all uho.n'oev '.:;:,:: ::';f"^ "-y '"-sa- -tate, condition, sex, oA"^'' "'"'""' ''^S"" "^ topie^c':;^r;r:ir:::l::"'''7, -• ^■"' ''^-'^ f "I public places, dve wit 'iW 5. T'^' f'""''"^*^^' noise of pistols nnd ^oi . '"' <^""">iiin «.l cries 'uuTthS^o ^s' ttrr •''■ '"^ f;"'" '"? ; slain bodies cast .J. r .1 "*"'*' '""''dcr- "■e stones, and Xa, n ZUl^^ujfr "'""' noLse of uhistlin.rs bre.k^n^'r , ^"^' """g" ' ""h to encourage the slani,;!"^ '^"' '" ""'•'"'". ^er^v,yire ?';;;'";:"^;';-' --hed i-to „,y cham- ♦lespatched me while the ^ 1 } ."'"'^ '"•''"'"<) waited at the d^o in e ec arfof'''' "''• ^"'^"^ head to present it 1 "P^^^fo" of receiving my brutal noTher To tll "'"""■''" '^'"^^ "-"^ '"^ " ith the power of onl K' "' ""acquainted appear nJed.Me:l^-fej;L;t;"S::^ COLIGNV. 129 really severed from my body, and, after being pre- sented to the king and his mother, slie sent it embahned to Rome, as a present to the prisoner and the cardinal of Lorraine. Not satisfied with what they had done to me, they proceeded to deprive me of some of the members of my body, after which I was dragged through the streets of the city for three days, and then hung up by my feet to a gibbet at Montfaucon. The general opinion now in France was that I was dead, and I am certain the prisoner had no idea of seeing me alive auain. lie now gave Charles IX. public thanks for his infernal work. He ordered the most solemn rejoicings at Rome. He sung Tc Dnwi, and presumed to give the Almighty public thanks for this victory. He also issued forth a bull for a jubilee to be observed throughout the kinordom of France on the 7th day of December, 1572, as a particular day of great and unusual joy for what he called the happy success of the French king against his heretic or Protestant subjects. He also ex- horted Charles to pursue this salutary and hlrsscd eiitrrprisf^ and fall upon them who called in ques- tion his usurped supremacy. This cruel slaughter brought on a fourth civil war. A fresh peace was concluded, in the year 1573, with the Protestants; yet a fifth war broke out the next year, when Charles IX., stained with the blood of thousands of his subjects, which called for vengeance, was seized by order of our Sovereign, by one of his olTicers, named Mr. Death, and from that time has been detained a prisoner in the fiery cell, under the charge of the keeper of the black gulf He left no issue on earth. 130 TRIAL OF THE POPE. Cross-examined by Counscllor Qf.nnLE. afte^-he''rosn^/l;:,,f ' '""" ' ^-' "-''^ ^'P-^ ^1. Although I may be the first man thit vm, have heard speak after l.is head has Teen severe fron. h,s body, I am not the first that has a, ne' re ser^a;:; "T '''""J"'"' ^^''""- •'"'"'. the Cod IToTsitt T" ^'"'\'^'''^'''''' =""' this Court foth^word„V^f''^'^'''°^^ "•'■'' ""■"« ^'•■'i" held " nl?' ? '^' ""^ ""^ testiM.o„y w.hich they '•eld, not only spake after, but spake with a loud vcMce, and applied to our Lord for jml,M„; a„ "st ^.e,r murderers and were graciously heard* And he also testifies that he saw on thrones surb as "ere, l,ke me, really beheaded for t°e wit ess of Jesus and for the word of God, an.l Ific had ou? Sover. ^^ K-'"^ '"o^ '■'^'S"*^'! afterwards with our Sovereign Kmg. For my own part I declare I I ^''I'^Ty'"^ more real life from the day I was beheaded than ever I did before. ^ Father Paul sworn. T,?; ^"r" '''T ""^ "'^'°fy of the Council of Trent, will you relate to the Court what you know th, rT.T"' ""^ ''"■"•^ °f t''<= ProceJdini of that rebellious assembly? ° hv'li.7''^- ''°"'"'" ?'' '^'■"" "■"« first summoned by the prisoner under the name of Paul III It first met on the 13th of December, ir.4.-. and con tm.ied about eighteen years. Previous to 2 opening of it, the prLsonor proclain.eTr .f^ prayed lor the council, confessed their sins went .n procession, and fasted three d.ays. The 'coun- FATHER PAUL. 131 * Rev. vi. 9^11. t Rev. XX. 4. cil was opened l)y tlie legate Monte, who sung the Mass of the Holy Ghost. Previous to the meet- ing of this council, the prisoner, by his base conduct, had caused many in Germany and other parts of Europe to reject his authority. By the name of Urban II., about the year 1100, he first set up the money-making trade of vending indul- gences, and by the name of Leo X., in lolT, he acquired innnense sums from all Europe. Leo, however, divided the profits with his sister Mag- dalene, the wife of Cibo, bastard of Innocent VIIL, by reason of which Leo was made a cardinal when he was only fourteen years old. Leo gave his sister all the profits arising from indulgences in Saxony and a part of Germany, and she set them up to sale to the highest bidder. The pardon- mongers collected immense sums from every na- tion they were sent to, as appears by one Friar Samson, who collected 120,000 crowns among the Swiss only. The prisoner, having changed his name to Adri- an VI. in the year l.V2*2, and to that of Clement VIl. in 1;V^4, and to Paul III. in 1.'>:M, created his illegitimate son, Peter Aloisius, duke of Par- ma and Placentia, and a son of his, a cardinal, at the age of fourteen. A son of his illeoritimate daughter Constanza was also made another; and his conduct was such, that he was detested by every honest man. His bastard Peter was assas- sinated in his own palace two years after. In the year 1541), he gave up the name of Paul HI., in a violent fit of passion, and assumed that of Julius HI., when he sent cardinal Pole as his legate into England, to restore Great Britain to his authority, bloody Queen Mary having ascended the throne. This darling of the prisoner, within one year, 132 TRIAL OF THE POPK. burnt one hundred and seventy-six persons of . quality, and others who rejected his authority. lo please him, she aJso dug up bodies out of their graves after being buried for years. Many also were burnt in France, by the prisoner's orders He commissioned the king to grant to Diana Valentina, his mistress, all the goods confiscated for heresy. This covetous harlot required the death of multitudes to support her in her abomi- nations as a true daughter of the church. I he prisoner, having for a few days only as- sumed the name of Marcellius II., changed it to 1 aul IV. He then presumed to absolve England trom the crime of rejecting his supremacy in the reigns of Henry VIII. and Edward VI ; after which he wrote to his own pet, Mary, for the mer s pence, and the restoration of land that he claimed as St. Peter's property. He told the peo- p^ of England that - they could not hope that M. 1 eter would open heaven unto them so loner as they usurped his goods upon earth ; " and tlius duped them out of a great deal of money He also created a number of cardinals, contrary to his most solemn oath ; and, when reminded of it in the conclave he declared it heresy to suppose that the pope could be bound, or bind himsrlf Notu-jthstanding the infamous conduct of the fathers * who composed the council of Trent and the prisoner, he presumed to declare that the councd was guided by the Holy Ghost; so that a blasphemous proverb was generally used - that tlie council of Trent was guided^ by the Holy Ghost sent hither from time to time in'a cloak-baor from Rome " I have taken notice of the lawl this council made, though some of them are too * Trent was the rondezvous for prostitutes from everv ouartpr during the sitting of the council. ^ quarter WILLIAM TINDAL. 133 absurd for any meaning to be attached to them, and therefore the prisoner prohibited any other than he should choose. But he clearly decreed himself to be the vicar of Christ; his church the only true church; the doctrine of transubstantia- tion ; merit of good works ; purgatory ; invocation of saints; veneration of irtiages ; seven sacraments; his power to grant indulgences, to anathematize heretics, and to lay a prohibition on the use of the Scriptures ; and that every thing decreed and de- clared by the council of Trent should be believed. He also prohibited, by the name of Pius IV., the annotations on tlic New Testament written by Erasmus, which he had sanctioned by the name of Leo X. His inquisitors also made out a list of books to be condemned with their authors; and even prohibited all books printed by sixty-two printers to be read, whether good or bad. The prisoner was known by five different appellations during the time the council sat. Q. Do you know how many Protestants the prisoner put to death in the Netherlands? A. Yes. In a very short time he hanged, burnt, buried alive, and beheaded, 50,000. Cross-examined by Mr. Equivocator. Q. Are you not a priest ? A. I am ; but it is well known that I was never fully reconciled to the prisoner's authority. Q. On your oath, were you promised pardon in consideration of giving evidence ? A. I gave my testimony voluntarily. I was nev- er promised pardon for so doing. William Tindal sworn. This witness said that he was born in Wales; that he wished to translate the Bible into the Eng- 12 t>^ 134 TRIAL OF THE POPE. hsh tongue, but was prevented in England • that he went over into Germany, and there translated hrst the New and afterwards the Old Testament which, bemg sent over into Great Britain, pro- duced much good; that, in consequence of his pub ishmg the word of God, the prisoner and his hirelmg bishops thirsted for his blood; that, dur- ing the reign of Henry VIII., one Henry Philips was sent to seize him at Antwerp; that he was imprisoned, tried, and condemned; and that, in the year 1536, he was chained to a stake at Fil- lord, and burnt (as was supposed) to death. Thomas Bennet, Schoolmaster of Exeter, sworn. Q. Did not the prisoner attempt to kill vou in the reign of Henry VIII. ? ^. He did. I wrote some papers, which 1 placed on the doors of the cathedral and other churches, saying, that " the pope is Antichrist, and we ought to worship God only, and no saint." 1 his gave great offence to the priests under the prisoner's government, and they, by his authority proceeded to curse the author, with bell, book* and candle. The priest who was to pronounce the curse being in the pulpit, clothed in white, and the friars and monks standing about him a cross was held up, with candles fixed on it, when he pronounced the following words : " By the authority of God the Father Almighty, and the blessed Virgin Mary, of St. Peter and Paul, and of the holy saints, we excommunicate, we utterly curse and bann, commit and deliver to the devil of hell, him or her, whomsoever he or she be, that have, in spite of God, and of St. Peter, whose church this is, in spite of all holy saints, and in THOMAS RENNET. 135 spite of our most holy father the pope, God's vicar here on earth, and in spite of the reverend father in God, Joiin, our diocesan, and the worshipful canons, masters, priests, and clerks, which serve God daily in this cathedral church, fixed up with wax such cursed and heretical bills, full of blas- phemy, upon the door of this and other holy churches within this city. ** Excommunicate be he, she, or they, plenarily, and delivered over to the devil, as perpetual male- factors and schismatics. Accursed they be, and given body and soul to the devil. Cursed be they, he, or she, in cities and towns, in fields and ways, in houses and out of houses, and all other places, standing, lying, or rising, walking, run- ning, waking, sleeping, eating, drinking, and whatsoever thing they do beside. *' We separate them, him, or her, from the threshold, and from all t!ie good prayers, of the church, from the participation of the holy mass, from all sacraments, chapels, and altars, from holy bread and holy water, from all the merits of God's priests, and religious men, and from all their cloisters, from all their pardons, privileges, grants, and immunities, which all the holy fathers, popes of Rome, have jrranted to them. And we crive them over utterly to the power of the devil, and let us quench their souls, if they be dead this night, in the pains of hell-fire, as this candle is now quenched and put out." [And with that he put out one of the candles.] " And let us pray to God, if they be alive, that their eyes may be put out, as this candle-light is." [Here he put out another candle.] " Let us pray to God and our Lady, and to St. Peter and St. Paul, and all holy saints, that all the senses of their 136 TRIAL OP THE POPE. bodie? may fail them, and that they may have no leelin(r, as now the liaht of this candle is crone," Lputting out the third candle,] " except they he or she, come openly now, and confess their blas^ phemy, and by repentance, as in them shall lie make satisfaction unto God and our Lady, St' ^eter and the worshipful company of this cathe- dral church." Q. How did you act after you heard this anath- ema pronounced ? A. I wrote other papers, till I was apprehended vvhen I confessed myself to be the author, and that I would do the same to discover Antichrist or the pope, who wasted the church of God. Af- ter refusing to recant, I was condenmed to be burnt, delivered over to the sheriff of Devonshire tor execution, and in Liverv-dnle without Exeter I was chained to the staLo. Several martyrs, who suffered in England dur- ing the reign of Queen Marv I., were now intro- duced into the court to give their evidence against the prisoner. Only a few were examined. John Rogers sworn. Q. Were you the first person in England who suffered by fire during the reign of Queen Mary? A. I was. Mary was employed by the prisoner at the bar as his common executioner in Ent/land, and she made a greater proficiency in kindlint^ fires to burn her Protestant subjects than any other hangman before her time. Q. In what year did she begin her reian ? A. In the year 155:^ On tTie death of Edward VI., Lady Jane Grey had been proclaimed, agree- ably to the request of Edward ; but Mary, who JOHN ROGERS. 137 by intrigue and flattery, first drew the county of Norfolk to support her claim, soon obtained the crown. She then cut off the head of Lady Jane, and her husband. Lord Guilford Dudley. Having established herself on the throne, she proceeded, like a female fury, to reestablish popery. Car- dinal Pole was restored, and introduced to both houses of parliament as the pope's legate, and ad- dressed them upon the occasion. The parliament, after this, drew up a petition acknowledging their sorrow for having rejected the prisoner's author- ity, requesting to be pardoned for their offences, and restored into the bosom of the church of Rome. This petition being delivered to the cardinal, he gave them absolution in these words : *' We, by the apostolic authority given unto us by the most holy lord. Pope Julius the Third, Christ's vicege- rent on earth, do absolve and deliver you, and every of you, with the whole realm and dominions thereof, from all heresy and schism, and from all judgments, censures, and pains, for that curse in- curred; and, also, we do restore you again to the unity of our mother the holy church." The re- port of this coming to Rome caused great joy. The prisoner published a bull for a jubilee, and went in procession to manifest the pleasure he felt on this occasion. lie then delegated Mary to be his agent in England to put to death such as re- jected popery, and I and many others were dragged to prison. Q. Was you not once one of his priests ? A. I was. I was educated at Cambridge, but, being chosen chaplain to the factory at Antwerp, I became acquainted with Tindal and Coverdale, who were translating the Bible. Through their 12 • 138 TRIAL OP THE POPE. instrumentality, by the word I assisted them to translate, I was led to see the vile conduct of the prisoner, and to reject his authority. Alter this 1 married, and travelled i„to Sa.xony. and preached the gospel of Jesus Christ for some years. Upon the accession of King Edward VI., I came into *-naland, and was appointed a prebend of St. l-aul s, where I was stationed on the return of popery. On a complaint beinir made that I preached the doctrines of the reformation, I was Cited before the prisoner's bishops, and con- demned as a heretic. Durin? my confinement I drew up an answer to the charrjes brought against me and vmdicated the doctrines of the atonement and just.hcat.ou by the imputed righteousness of After undergoing the ceremony of degradation I was conducted to the flames in Smithfield. mJ wife, w.th her ten children, and myself, requested an interview with each other before I uas chained to the stake ; but so little of the milk of human kindness did my enemies possess, that our united request was not granted. I was chained to the stake and the flames were kin.lled round me which continued to burn till I uas .Iclivered out of their sight. This was in the year 1 ->5.5. La WHE.VCE S.UNDK.RS, WlLI.IAM I'..;OT, StkPHEN K.M....T, r.lOMAS ToMK.XS, Tl.OMAS IIaWKF.S, John Lawrence, and William Hi nter, bein<^ sworn, said that they were all chained to separatS stakes, and burnt by order of the prisoner. Law- rence aflirmcd that, when he was brought to Col- Chester to be executed, his legs being so worn by heavy irons in prison, a„-e and ambition have no example. It is a question if even Lucifer himself could vie with him. The prisoner has endeavored to storm the skies ! to dethrone the almi^htv Thunderer' to be Lniversnl Lord, and claim the stars of heaven Cientlemen, — Ishall not trespass further upon vour feelings, believing that your verdict will be accord- mgr to truth. Lord Cuief Justice Revelation addressed the jury, when every minutia of evidence wa«? summed up with legal precision and abilitv It sentence of the court. 153 would, no doubt, be gratifying to some readers to have his charge at length: but the limits of the trial will not admit it. He concluded by observ- ing that he left the determination of this case en- tirely to the consideration of the jury ; and that if thev entertained a rational doubt in their minds ofthe guilt of the prisoner, they ought to acquit him. The jury did not retire from their box, but brought in their verdict. Guilty. The Clerk of the Crown called upon the prisoner at the bar, in the usual form, to know what he had to say why judgment of death should not be awarded against him ; when the prisoner gave him a most expressive, sullen look, and re- mained silent. The Lord Chief Justice addressed the pris- oner in the most impressive manner. He told him that he had been charged with the awful crime of high treason against the King of kings and Lord of lords ; that he had had a most patient trial, and there was not a doubt, either in the mind of the Court or jury, but that he was guilty. He also said that he was sure his conscience must frequently have told him that his rebellious con- duct could not fail to bring down the vengeance of Heaven upon his guilty head. He concluded thus : " I call upon you now to attend to the sentence of the Court. You, Antichrist, shall be taken from the place where you now stand, to the place from whence you came ; your irons are to be struck off, and you stripped of all your pontifical vestments, splendor, pomp, and dignity. From thence you shall be drawn upon a hurdle to the place of execution, where you shall be hung with 154 TRIAL OF THE TUPE. the chain of restraint, but not until you are dead ; but while you are yet alive, your church, which is your body, shall be taken down, and you deprived of the vitals of your religion. Then a micrhty angel shall proclaim from heaven, louder than'^the most tremendous peal of thunder, Babi/lon the gnat is fallen, is^fallm* and that the hour of your judfrment is come. Your head, or domin- ion, shall then be struck off with the sword of God's inflexible justice, when the Lord of Hosts himself will consume it im't/t the spirit of his mouth, and destroy it with the brier, ]8V2, with an outline of the whole plan of that new British society. 14* 162 APPENDIX. ments were written and sealed at Rome. I dis- covered the followincr expressions, which are uniformly used at Rome m all such documents, given to students and licentiates, as priests; viz., *'Datur Romx, ex ledibus nostris, hac die prima mensis Februarii, anno 1S27; Inductione XIV. Pontificatus S. Sanctissimi in Christo Patris, et DoMLM NosTRi Dei, Lcouis diviua providentia papai, XII., anno ejus IV., &c. C. J. Patriarch. Constantixopolitanis, Vires Gcrcns, Cos. Antoxius Caxoxicus Argexti, Secrctarius.^^ Translated thus: "Given at Rome, at our own house, this first day of February, in the year 1827; Induction XIV. of the Pont'ificate of our most sacred and most holy Father, and our Lord and God, Pope Leo XII., by the providence of God, and his year the IV.," (Sec. Then follow the signatures of the vicar and secretary, as above. Now, we challenge any priest or any bishop in the land, who professes to have genuine testimo- nials from Rome, to produce them before witnesses to show that they want these words — *♦ Patris et Domini nostri Dei," &c. In most of the copies, the sentence is contracted thus: -Patris, et D. N. D.," le company of priests and inquisitors came towards us in a very humble attitude, with their hands crossed over their breasts; and the first we heard, these artful fellows were reproving the soldiers on the wall for havincr made any resistance, and for not havincr politely admitted these 'very fine gentlemen,' althoucrh it was of course, by the direction of these very men, that resistance had been made. The only answer we gave, was by placing a guard over these now obliging fellows, with directions to keep a sharp lookout after them, that none might escape. "Upon examming the interior of the building we found It beautiful in the extreme; every thina appeared quiet and in excellent order — much better order, indeed, than is common for the devil to keep. ^ 1 he floor of the principal hall was paved with slabs of fine marble, and at the end of this hall was an altar with several wax candles burnintr APPENDIX. 17;{ The priests appeared so humble and submissive, and every thing appeared so quiet and orderly, that my suspicions," said Colonel L., " were almost lulled to sleep, (which was the eflect they intended to pro- duce,) and I began to suspect that a great many falsehoods had been told about the cruelties prac- tised in these establishments. We could discover nothing of the secret rooms and underground cells, of which we had often heard, and I was upon the point of retiring with my men, and leaving the building for the present in the hands of its old occupants, when a brother ofiicer urged to a most diligent examination of the whole building. We proceeded to examine carefully the principal hall, to discover, if possible, some trnp-door or other entrance to the regions below. Some of the soldiers tried to thrust the points of their bayonets, others of swords, between the slabs of marble, but all without success. I was upon the point of giv- ing up, when it was suggested that water should be poured over the floor, to see if it would find an outlet through the crevices. After watching the water carefully, we observed one place where it evidently escaped between the slabs. ' Ah,' said some, 'what's here? we shall make some discov- eries now,' — while the captive inquisitors stood by, shaking with fear. " Presently, a soldier struck a heavy blow with the butt-end of his musket upon the side of a slab, when, all at once, a sprinjr seemed to orive way, and 111 'in tr> J ' the slab at once turned upon a pivot, by which it was fastened at the two sides, disclosing an open- ing, and a staircase leading down to some dark cavity !)eneath. " I at once walked up to the altar, and seized some of the lighted candles, when one of the bald-pated 15* 174 APPENDIX. priests stepped up to me, and said, very sanctimo- niously, * O my son, these are holy candles ; you must not touch them.' But," said the colonel, *' my only reply was, ' Very well ; I want them for a holy purpose ; I want to see holy things.' — Below we found an apartment of considerable size, furnished with settees, &^c., which we at once knew, by the infernal contrivances, to be the hall of torture. We went round, and soon discov- ered an alley, and on each side of this alley a number of dark and glo(miy cells. In these cells were a large number of the victims of popish cru- elty, young and old, loaded with chains, and some of them women as well as men, literally as naked as their mothers bare them. The soldiers threw their coats and cloaks over these poor, miserable wretches, and, loosing them from their chains, pro- ceeded to help them to the hall of judgment above ground. " When the soldiers had provided for the s^^fety and comfort of these weeping wretches, they turned their attention to the inquisitors, and insisted upon piittinor them all to death. In their excited state of feeling," said the colonel, " it would have been vam for me to oppose their will. The soldiers . would not leave a single one of these minions of papal cruelty alive. "Among other instruments of torture, we found an image of the Virgin Mary, so contrived with knives, «fcc., that, when a person went to kiss it, the arms closed, and the victim was pierced with a thousand wounds, and cut to pieces. The soldiers insisted upon the chief inquisitor kissing this im- a^re. He refused. They pricked him with their bayonets, and compelled him to do so, when the aims closed, and he was cut and hacked to death in a most shocking manner. After taking out the APPENDIX. 175 most valuable books and other articles, we placed a number of barrels of gunpowder in the building, and setting fire to the train, soon had the satisfac- tion of seeing the horrible abode of popish cruelty a heap of smoking ruins. ** After we had seen the end of the inquisitors, we invited all in the neighborhood, whose relations liad been torn from them by the oiTicers of this bloody tribunal, to come and convey to their homes such of lljcm as they could find alive ; and," said the colonel, " never shall I forget that sight! The soldiers whom I commanded were men of blood ; the sight of human misery and slaughter had become so conunon to them, that Vhey could eat their meal with none the less relish because they were using the dead body of a comrade for a seat ; but when they saw this miserable company of livin^T skeletons standincr before them, and their anxious relatives pressing around to discover their lon(T-Jost loved ones ; when thev saw, now a weeping father or mother embracing, as though they had recovered him from the dead, a beloved son; then the husband clasping in his arms the half-murdered mother of his children; and then the weeping wife and mother turning in despair from the search after a beloved husband and f ither, convinced that he had found a grave in these horrid dunijeons; when these iron-hearted warriors wit- nessed this sight," said Colonel L., " they wept and sobbed like children." I have only to add to this account, which is related, as near as possible, in the wo.ds of this aged veteran, — let the reader remember that these events oc- curred only thirty-four years ago ; that the man is liv- ing who witnessed them ; that he is now a regularly- ordained Lutheran clergyman, living in the United States, and worthy of implicit credit: and then let 176 APPENDIX. every American remember that poperv, which is makina such rapid strides in this country is the same now as it ever was ; that it is ,n its ve^' nature unchangeable ; that persecutions for conscience's sake, whenever and wherever it has the power is one of Its essential and unchangeable attributes VVe see here what may be expected in this country, should popery obtain the ascendency. 1 he spirit of popery is the same now as when the inquisition was m operation. Give the pope the power, he would show it out distinctly. TO THE YOUNG MEN OF THE UNITED STATES! You are the hope of our fast-rising country. On j/ou devolves the duty of combating the for- eign foe described in the foregoing pages, — not with carnal, deadly weapons, but with "the sword of truth. Be vigilant; be constantly on your guard, and acquit yourselves like men. Let not foreign despots, through their popish ministers, instruct our youth, and undemiine our beautiful fabric of free government. Forget not the suf- ferings and sacrifices of our Puritan fathei-s, to establish the Protestant religion in this western world. Never forget that blood was shed to secure and perpetuate, to the latest ages, the political liberty we now enjoy. Young Men ! sleep not at your posts. Tlie enemy is in our midst. CHARLES TAPPAN, PUBLISHER AND BOOKSELLER, 114 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON, Keeps constantly on hand a choice assortment of En-lish and -iViiieiican cibuons of ° STANDARD WORKS IN THE SEVERAL DEPARTMENTS OF LITERATURE, Including TuEOLOGr, Medicink, Civil and Ecclesi- astical History, Poetry, Natural and Moral rniL(»soi>iiv, Natural History, Architecture and L.NGI.NEERING, BlOGRAPUY, VolAGES and TRAVELS, Fi.NE Arts, and CL\S55lC.VL AND GENERAL LITERATURE. SCHOOL BOOK DEPOSITORY. €lais<[^ical and l^cliool Books, in every variety, at Publisliers' prices. ENGLISH AND AMERICAN STATIONERY, Wliolesale and Retail. (t7* I'articular attention paid to furnishing Profes- sional (Jeiitlenien, Public, Family, Parish, Common and I)istrict Sch(X)l Libraries, Booksellers, Tuwns, School Coinmitteos, Academies, and Teachers. •^* Xew Books coiistanlhj added, Eiigllsh Books imported to order. Tlie Revised Slatntes of the State of Massachusetts, Reduceh to Questioxs and Answers, For the Use of Schools and Families. By William B VVedg\vuoi>, Member of the New York Bar. iio eta. Charles Tappan's lulyilcations. ^^^^^^^^^ ^f^^^/^^-^i^-^^m ^^»^^% ^%i ^ ^^^^^^^^'^^^^^■^>'*'*^»*^»*»»»»^'*^%|%%%^%-V^.»^»%%i%%»^»^ Speeches aud Forensic Argumeuls, By Damel WtBSTEii. New volume. Now complete, in three vols. 8vo. Eighth Edition, with a Portrait of the ,iuthor. It is a book for Merchants, Mechanics, Statesmen, Y^rm- ers, Politicians, Lawyers, and tlie general reader, nnd t.ne of the most valuable works that has ever been issued Iroin the American press, and contains Speeclus, Arguments in Court and Senate, Orations, Remarks in Conventions and Senate, Reports, Addresses before A^rricultural Societies, Lectures, A:c. These volumes contain the ablest j)roduc- tions of Mr. Webster, up to the time ol his Ix-coming a member of the cabinet. His speeches are models of argu- rnentative power and commanding eloqueiu-e. They are rich sources of instruction, also, to the student of letters, of history, of finance, and of the theory of government, and to the active politician, and should be owned by men of every station, sect, and political denomination. The Great Awakening. A History of the Revival of Religion in the Times of Edwards and Whitefield. By Rev. Joseph Tracy. 1 vol 8vo. With four Portraits. Fourth Edition. " Very rarely is a work, touching upon so many contro- verted subjects, received with such warm and general favor. Every one knows that such a history must be fraught with interest, and the more tliorou^hly one becomes a'cquaint- ed with it, the more highly will it be valued as a faithful portraiture of the times." — Boston RccorUi A, SFIiCITDID boob:. La Fontaine's Fables, 2 vols. 8vo. With two hundred and forty elegant Engravings, from the original beautiful designs, by J. J. Granpville, en- graved in Paris. Translated from the French by Elizur Wright, Jr., of Boston. The same Work in 1 vol. Sco., with siity Plates. Also, a cheap edition of La Fontaine, desirrned for Schools, School Libraries, Families, &c., with fifty Cuts, engraved by Hartwell. ii vols. $1.00. This work has received the highest praise of the most distinguished literary men of our country, and of the peri- odical and newspaper press. Charles Tappan's Publications. *^''^^^'^*-^^*-*-« *«» .*.--.- , - . , - > ->-t-fcT,x% -*i,'^*imj<^ NEVT BOOK OF THAVEIiS. Sketches of Foreign Travel aud Life at Sea; Including a Cruise on Board a Man-of-War, as also a Visit to Sj)ain, Portug^il, tlie South of France, Italy, Sicilv, Malta, the Ionian Islands, Continental Greece, Liberia, and Brazil ; and a Treatise on the Navy of the United States. By the Rev. Charles Rockwell, late of tlie United States Navy. In 1 vol. 8vo. With an elegant Frontispiece. Thirty Years from Ilome ; or, a Voice from the Main Deck : Being the Experience of Samuel Leech. Illustrated with Engravings. Tenth Edition. Price 50 cents. This is an uncommonly interesting book. It is the sim- ple and unvarnished narrative of an intelligent sailor, who was for six years in the British and American navies; was captured by Decatur in the British ship Macedonian ; and gives the details of that bloody conflict in the most graphic and thrilling style. He afterwards entered tiie American navy, and was taken in the United States brig Syren, by the British ship Medway. It is the truest picture of a Mariner's " World " ever written. Commodore Nicholson, of the United States Navy, who was an officer on board the same ship with Mr. Leech, highly recommends this book. The Sailor's library; Consisting of Sixty Volumes, choice books, selected by a committee. In a book-case, with lock and key — cata- logues, &,c. $25.00. For Ships, Sailors' Homes, &c. &c. Familiar Dialogues and Popular Discussions. Third Edition. For Exliibition in Schools and Acade- mies of either sex, and for the amusement of social parties. By William B. Fowle, teacher of the Monitorial School, Boston, and author of several popular school books. The book contains a few selections, made with judgment and taste ; but the pieces are chiefly original, and were practically tested before publication, having been prepared for the amusement of the author's own pupils. Uniyersalism Examined, Renounced, Exposed. Eleventh Edition. In a series of Lectures, embracing the Experience of the Author, during a Ministry of Twelve Years, and the Testimony of Universalist Ministers to the dreadful moral tendency of their faith. J vol. ]2mo. By Matthiw HiLX Smith Charles Tappan's Publications. ^^i«-'%^'».'»^i^^^ •^^ ^ "^^i^a^^^^i^ fc Spark! GREAT WATIONAI. WORK. ls's life and Writings of George 1\ashington. Beincr his Correspondence, Addresses, Messa