C 1*2 /ms m Anglia " U\otitia^ O R, THE’ PRESENT STATE OF England: Together with DIVERS REFLECTIONS UPON The Antient •State thereof. By E DO'XRD CHAMBERLATNE Dr of Lots and Fellow of tile Royal Society. The V 0 U RtH ZDttl 0 K, Correfted, and newly Augmented. In Magnis vslttiffe fat eft - In the SAVOT, Printed by 1. N. for ^o'ui Mirtyn Pi inter to the Royal Society , and are 10 be Told at the Sijn ' of the Bell» little without TVwp/c-Bee. \ ' M DC LX X. To the Right Honourable CHARLES Eail of CArLile , Vicounc Howard of Morpeth , -Baron Dae re of GUjland , Lord Lieutenant in the Coun¬ ties of Ctmberland and JVcfimcrland, One of the Lords of His Majetties Mod Honourable Privy Council, here¬ tofore Lord Ambaffador Extraordina¬ ry to Three of the Northern Soverain Prir.ces, and late Ambaitidor Extra¬ ordinary to the High and Mighty ' Prince C H A R L E S the Eleventh of that Name, King of Swethland L My LORD, A S thofe very Honour die Emr ployments abroad {whereof His Majcfly hath judged Tour Ex¬ cellency worthy ., not only for Your mo(l. Noble Extraction And Eminent Z>*« greCj butalfo for your excellent En¬ dowments both Intelleciualand Moral ) have rendred you abundantly able ts> A 2 under-. nndcrfland throughly the H™ t St f ‘ of divers Foreign Countrtys, jo that Lh Dignity wherewith the King hath been fletjed to honour you at home {by placing jou os one of htsmofi faithful and vigilant. Centintls tn the Highefl muh Tower of his Chief Kingdom , viz in that Noble, Honourable, and Reverend Jffembly of Privy Counsel¬ lors) hath made you very capable of giving a large and judicious Account of the Frefcnt State of this Nation , without any the leafl aMance from this Treatife , yet becaufe your Excel¬ lency hath intimated fom approba¬ tion of the Defign , and lately owned the Defigner for your Servant , bets encouraged tofrefent the fame to Excellency, imploring your Patronage thereof , and the continuance of yir fa¬ vour and ap (lance towards the like fu¬ ture endeavours of . . My.tordy . • Your Excellencies mod numbly devoted'Servant • Ed#- Cbmbirltjnc. F I this fmall Tread fe the Reader may noc reafonably expect to have his fancy much delighted, (tOmari res ip fa negat, content a doceri.) but only to have his underlhnding inform- ■ ed ; and therefore tlie Author hath indu- Ttrioufly avoided all curious Flowers of Rhe¬ toric^ , and made it his whole bufinefs to feed his Reader with abundant variety of Excellent Fruits. Hereare in'terfperfed feme Obfervations, which though already known to many v ng- lidi men, yet may be unknown to mait- Strangers and' Foreigners, for the informa¬ tion of whom this Book is fecondari'v in- .tended '; and for that end is lately tr ted into the French Tongue , and prin.ed :£ ' iA infer dam-, whereby may be estinguilht itr feme meafure. the.Thirft which Foreigners. A.. 3. generally^ To the Reader. generally have to know the Prefen t State of this conf.dcrable Monarch]. 1 Although the main atm is to inform aH men of the Prefent State ot this King¬ dom , yet divers Rejldhons are made upon the Pal State thereofitluttfobycompa- ing that with the prefent . fomemen may thereby not only be moved to endeavour the Reparation of whit was heretofore better, and the abolition of what is now worfe • but alfo in fome meafure may/««■ fee without confulting our ^pelogert and JpocaljpKMcn , whatwtllbe the F«tm slate of this Nation: according to that Excellent Saying, Retirefpkit prater,t a & infpicit prafentia , profpicit euam ©■/**«• JmdHiprian b] running back to Ages pal, and by pndingftill and vising the prefent times , and comparing the one mtb the other , may then rmforvard , and give a Vtrdibl ofthe State almofi Prophettc^ , In the many Reflexions upon the Ant - ent State of England frequent ufe is made«. f divers grave Authors, as ot Gian* v Ue, Brafton, Britton , of Horn m ills Minor of Mice, Firm, Eortefcne.. Lt». mod, Stamford, Smith, Cof,ns, Camden Tlo the Reader. Cock. Syclman, S eldest, &c. And for the 1’refent State, Confutation was had with feveral eminently learned Perfonages yet living, to the end that the Reader might receive at lead fome fatisfadion in every particular, without the trouble and charges of a great Library. And as the Author doth fomctimes ufe both the words of the Living and the writings of the Dead , without quoting any, to avoid (Mentati¬ on •, fo he hopes that this ingenuous Con- fe/Iion being made at firft, no man will be offended, though he give no notice when the Obfervation is theirs, and when it is his own j having taken fpecial care that both in theirs aud in his own, there ftiould be nothing but therm/;: fothat although the Reader not perceiving every whereby what Authority divers things are averred, may be apt to fufped that fome things are fratis dttta , yet if it fhall pleafe him to make fearch, he will find that generally they are vert & cum authoritate ditta. However in a Subjeft fo multiform as this, where fo many Marks are aimed at, no wonder if in fome the Author hath not hit the White , but wherefoevetit hath apr peared To the Reader. peared to him to lave been miffed in the I former impreflion, it is in tins duly cor- , reded. . . , | Brevity and a Lacomejiie Stile is aimed ; at all along, that fo there might be Mag- »hw in Parvo , that it night be rmlerm- \ nimns, though Remagnus ; that the whole State of England might be feen at once , or, as in a Map; that, r sit will be a necefftry Book for all Englifhmen at all times: fo every one might without trou¬ ble always carry it about with him as a Companion to confult upon all occafions. _ For comp'euing this Strudure, Maten- als were provided by the Author to give alfo a brief account of the particular Go¬ vernment of England , Ecclefiaftical, u- ■vil, and Military; of all the Courts ofju- ftice of all Chief Offices belonging to thefe Courts- of the City of Londcn-, ol the Two Univerfities-; of the Innes of Court and Chancery, of the Colledgs of phyfitians ^ of the Royal Society, &a All which, for want ofleafurc now, is re- ferved for a Treatife apart,: - The The Table. ~~ Ings atJrrrs, 572 fhc KingsEvil,s6o'. gef Engl. 107,67 'c tbefrefent King) ■ 181 H»/^)W444i Gar -! ter, 44^45:, I Rights Bannerets, 453 frights of the Bub, 454 frights-Bachelors, 454 XT Arne of England, 1 IN Of King, 107 Of^ucen, 165 Of the prefent King, 182 Navis and Surnames, 87 Nobility, 40 :,&c. Thtir Privileges, 411 Non-ConformiJIs, 53,56 Number of inhabitants, 80 Numbering, the Er.glijh 4 Jnntrs of tin Eng- lip>, 57 arqueffes, 405.42 4 Earl Mar pal, . 128 Uiy Mary, 264 her of the Ceremonies, 172 . of the Horfe, 245 , of the HoufboU, 251 . of the Ordnance, 276 a fares, ' 26 1 'tat Clerk, 182 rehanis, 444 nor it], 166 nar chits, 102 G Beit Officers of the Crown, 216 Office of King, 132 Orange Prince, 206 I Patrimony of the K^g, 117 Perjury, 7 6 Perfon of the King, 127 Pew, 404,412, (ire. Power of theming, 13 3 Poyfoning, 67 Poft-Mificrs, . 277 | Presbyterians,' 56,5.7 I Of the •^uecn, 170 I Prinew <1/(it E/osd, 201 I Priviledges of Bifheps, 1 357, 358 ,&c. (0 ENGLAND in General. CHAP. I. Of its-Name, Climate , Dimen- ftons, Divifwi, Airfoil,Com¬ modities, Moneys , Weights, Meafms , and Buildings. E i% W the better part of the «#,. belt I [land in the whole world, anciently with Scot- Imd, called Britain, and fometimes Albion J was about 800 years after fo Incarnation of Chrift (byfpeciai jdift ofKing-£f^rt defended from n t Angles, a people of the Lower kmy , in whofe poffelfion the ircateft part of this Countrey then ' B. ms) Clime. %\)t patent S>tatc ; ’" bv the Germans Engthyd, andbyth It is fnuated between the: Degrees 17 and 24 of Longitude, equal with and between 5 ° and. 57 ° ‘tberni^equalwithF/W^ Ze^»d y Ml^d,Low SAXC ^ ’ ^ Thefengeft day in the mofi -Nor¬ thern pan is 16 hours 44 minutes , and the lhorteft 7 hours 16 nu ‘ nutes. lar, contains,by.co m P utat fl 1 P" ut; b ° hc qo Millions if dyes , j *££££&& S ten times asbig asthe W W«thr!«nds, five tunes as big a of Cn&ima the Spanifi NcathtrUnds , ie/s than ° all Italy by almoft one half, and in comparifon of France is as 30 to That part of Britain , now called Dhifa. England, was in the time 1 of the Romans divided into Britannia Prima, Britannia Secunda , and Maxima Cafarienfts. Th e fi r ft 0 f thefe contained the Sonth part of England, the fecond all that Weft- ern part now called Wales , and the third the Northern parts beyond Trent. ■ 1 When the Britains had received the Chriftian Faith , they divided the fame ( for the better Govern¬ ment Ecclefiaftical) into 3 Provin¬ ces or Archbifliopricks; viz. the Archbiflioprick of London, that con- ■ jf™ ? r ‘ ltAm ' iA Prima ; the Arch- bifnoprick of which contain¬ ed that part called Maxima Ca/a-' nmfis- and the Archbiflioprick of Cacrleon., an' antient great City of Smth-Wales upon the Riyer Vske ; B 2 under %\)Z pCeui under which was Britannia Seem* fa, Afterward the Heathen Sax¬ ons over-running this Country, and dividing it into Seven Kingdoms, the King of Kent being firft con¬ verted to the Chrittun Faith by Si. Jaftiti , who lived andwasbuneu jit Canterbury , the Archiep.fcopal See olLondon was there placed and the other of Caerleon was transited to St. Davids in Ptmbnktflirt; and at laft fubjefted to the See of Canterbury: the North part ol Eng¬ land and z\\ Scotland was put under the Archbifhop of Tork. and all Eupland divided into Diocefes ,ano in the year 6301c was for better Or¬ der and Government diftmguifht in¬ to Parifhes by the care and pains of Honorius Archbifhop of Canter- bun, almoft 200 years before if was divided into Counties or Shire? by King Alfred 4 by whom alfo thofe Shires (fo called from the Sax- on word Seyre a Partition orDiv- fion) were fub'divided into Hun¬ dreds whichiperhaps at firft con¬ tained ofCtKjimttu tained tenTythings , and each Ty- tbing ten Families. At prefent England according to its EccleiMical Government, is di¬ vided firft into 2 Provinces or Arcli- bifhopricks , viz Canterbury and ; thofe 2 Provinces into 2 6 Diocefes, which are again divided into 60 Archdeaconries, and thofe into Run! Deaneries, and thofe a- gain into Parities. According to the Temporal Go¬ vernment of England it is divided now into 52 Counties or Shires- and'thofe into Hundreds, Laths ’ Rapes, ’or ^Va'pentakes (as they are called in fomeCounties) and thofe again intoTythings. England wi thout Wales is divided into 6 Circuits, allotted to the-12 Judgesito hold Afliaes twice a year (whereofmore in a Treatife apart.) It is alfo divided by the. Kings ju- flices in Eyre', arid by the Kings at Arms into North and South; that is, all Counties upon the North and South fide of Trent. B 3 - There 6 %\)z pieient ©rate There are in all England a 5 Ci¬ ties, 641 great Towns, called Mar¬ ket Towns , and 9725 Parities • under fome of which are contained feveral Hamlets or Villages as bigas ordinary Parifhes. Ain. The Ain is far more mild and temperate (if not more healthy) than any part of the Centime under the fame Climate. By reafon of the warm vapours of the Sea on every fide, and the ve¬ ry often Winds from the huge We- llern Sea , the Cold in Winter ..is left (harp than in fome parts of France and Italy, .though more Sou¬ thern/ By reafon of the continual binds from Sea, the Heat in Summer is lefs fcorching than in fome ; part$ of the Continent that lies more Nor¬ thern. As in Summer the gentle Winds. and frequent Showres qualifie a)l vi¬ olent Heats and Droughts, fo in Winter the Frcfts do onely melio- • rate ofCttsiank 7 rate the cultivated Soyle, and the Snotv keep warm the tender Plants, jn a word, here is no need of Stoves in Winter, nor Grottes in Summer. It is blefled with a very fertile so;h. wholfome Soyle , watered abundant¬ ly with Springs and Streams, and in divers parts with great Navigable Rivers; few barren Mountains or craggy Rocky , but generally gentle pleaftnt Hills and fruitful Halleys, apt for Grain, Grafs, or Wood. The excellency of the Englifh Soyle may be learnt (as Harro advifed of-old) from the Complexion of the Inhabi ■ tants, who therein excel all other Nations: orelfe from the high va¬ lue put upon it by the Romans and the Saxons , who lookc upon ic as fuch a precious'fpOt of ground, that they thought it worthy to bo fenced in like a Garden- Plot with a mighty Wall of fourfeore miles in length, tiz. from Tinmoutb on the German Sea to Sol\\>ey Frith on the Jrijh Sea (whereby the Caledonian Bores B 4 might • 8 %\)t pjcfent &ti\it might be excluded) and with a monftrous £% of fourfcore and ten miles , vU. from the Mouth of the River Wj to that of the River Dee (whereby the Cambro-Britan- Texes might be kept out) I ifily the excellency of her Sejle may alfo be learnt from thofe tranlcendent Ele¬ gies bellowed on her by Antient and Modern Writers, calling 2 -#f- l-.md the Granary cf the Wefiern World , the Seat of Ceres , &e. That her Valleys are like Eden , her Hills like Lebanon, her Springs as Pifgah , and her Rivers as Jordan. That The is a Paradife of Plea¬ sure , and the Garden of God. 0 fortnnatA & omnibus terris beatior Britannia , te omnibus cas'd ac feli ditavit Natura , tibi nihil inefi quod vita ofendat, tibi nihil deejl quod vi¬ ta defieleret, it a ut alter orbis extra irbem poni ad delicias httmanigeneris vide.-.rts- O hippy and blefled Britanie , above all other Countries in the World , Nature hath enricht thee with all the bleffings of Hea- of CngianD. 9 vch and Earth. Nothing in thee is hurtful to Mankind, nothing want¬ ing in thee that isdefirable , info much that thou feemeft another World placed befides, or with¬ out the great World, meerly for the delight and pleafure of Man¬ kind. As it is divided from the reft of commo- the World, foby reafonofitsgreat dities. abundance of all things neceflary for the life of Man, it may Without the contribution of any other part of the World, more ealily fubfift than any of its Neighbouring Coun¬ tries. Terra fstis content# bonis, mu in- dig* minis. Firft, For Food , what plenty eve¬ ry where of Sheep, Oxen, Swine, Fallow T)eer , and Conejs ? what plenty of Hens , Ducks , Geefe , Turkeys', and Pigeons ? of Swans, Peacocks , Phefants , Partridges , B 5 Sand- 10 %\)z pjefcnt MiUt Sandimgs, Knot, Curlew, Bayning, Votterel.Ree, Chur, Rtf, Mayclnt, Stint, Sea - P loVir,P twits,Redjbanks, Woodcocks, Snipes, Plovers, ffHailcs, jlayles, Larks, and wheat-ears : of Herons, Cranes, Bitters, Bu¬ llards, Heath-Cock;, More-Pontes, otGroufe Thrives, Throffes,Black: birds, and Kcldevers ? What plen¬ ty of Salmon, Trouts, Lampernes , Graylings, Chards, Gudgeons, Carps, Tench, Lampreys, Pikes, Perches, Eeles , Bremes ; Roch , Crefifi, Flounders, Plaice, Shads, Mullets} W hat great abundance.of Herrings, Pilchards, Oyfters, Shrimpes, Ef- calops. Codes, Mufles, Maids, Scate, Humber-Cod, Conger, Tur¬ bots, Frejb Ling, Lebfters, Crabs, Mackerel, Whitings, Soles, Smelts, Sprats, Prawnes, Ruffes, Thorn, back, & c - Wfcrt great plenty of Apples, Pears, Plums, and Cher¬ ries} How doth England abound with wheat, Barly, Rye, Pulfe, Beans, anJ Oates, with excellent Butter aniCheefe-, with moft forts of €ns!tm all forts from the higheft to the low- eft are clothed therewith • but fo much hath been heretofore tranf- ported beyond the Seas, that in ho¬ nour of the E nglijh Wooll , that then brought fuch plenty of Gold into the Territories of Charles the puijfant and kid Duke of Burgundy (where the Staple for EnglifhWool wasin riiofe dayes kept) he inftituted that famous Military Order of the Golden Fleece, at this day in higheft efleem with the whole Houfe of Jluflria. This abundance and cheapnefle of Wooll in England, proceeds not onely from thegoodnefs of the Soyle, but alfo from the freedoin from Wolves and from exceflive Heats. and Colds , which in other Countries create a great charge of a conftant guarding their Sheep, and houfing them by Night, and fometimes by Day. Alfo for advancing the, Manu¬ facture ;of Cloth , that neceffary Earth called Fullers Earth, is no where eife produced in that abun¬ dance and excellency as in England. Befids, of (England I’efidc, there is in England great plenty of excellent Leather for all forts of ufes ■ nor wants it Hemp and Flax, at leaft not ground fit to produce them. For Building itwants not Timber, nor Iren, Stone, nor Slate, Bricky not Tiles-, Marble nor Alabafier, Mortar nor Lime, &c. Lead nor Glafs. For Firing, either Wood, Sea- Coal, or Pit-Coal, almoft every where to be had at reafonable rates; For Shipping , no where better Oal^, nowhere fuel’. Knee-Timber, as they call it •, or Inn to make fer- viceable and durable Guns. For War, lot Coach, for High¬ way, and Hunting, no where fuch plenty of Horfes ■, alfo for Plough, Cart, and Carriages: infomuch as Mules and Ajfes (o generally made ufeofin France, Italy, and Spain, are utterly defpifed in England. For Dogs of all forts and fizes, as Maftiffs,,Greyhounds , Spaniel slot Land and Water, Hounds for Stag, Buck ., Xi)c p2cCent Buck, Fox, Hare, or Otter, Ter¬ riers Tumblers, Lurchers, Sening- Pew, Cm,Little Lap-Dogs,&c- Moreover , England produced) befides a mighty quantity of Time, Lead, and Iron, fome Brafs and Copperas, much Alome, Salt, Hops, Saffron, and divers other beneficial Commodities ; it wants not Mims of Silver , yielding more in their fmall quantities of Ore , and fo richer than thofe of Potofi in the Weft-Indies, whence the King of Spain hath mod of his Silver • thofe -yielding ufually but one Ounce and a half of Silver in one hundred Ouncet of Ore ; whereas thefe in Wales, Corner al, Lancafhire, and the Li- fhopricb, of Durham, yield ordinari¬ ly 6 or 8 Ounces perCent. but thefe lying deep, are hard to come unto, and Workmen dear, which is other- wife in Potofs. It wants not Hot Baths, and a- bounds in Medicinal Springs. Vineyards have been heretofore common in mod of the Southern and ofCngianiu and Middle-Parts of England, and Silkj •might be here produced, as it was once defigned by King fames-, but a great part of the Natives prone CO Navigation, Applying England ata very cheap rate with all forts of Wim, Silly, and all other Forreign Commodities (according to that of an ancient Poet ; ; guicqmd amat Istxsts, quiccjuid defiderat uftts. Ex te preveniet vtl aliunde till) it hath been found far better Huf -. bandrj to employ Englifh ground rather for producing Wool, Com „ mipqttel, for which it is moft pro¬ per. In a word, though fome Coun¬ tries excel England in fome things, yet ingeneral there isnoone Coun¬ try under Heaven whofe Aire is better ftored with Birds and Fowls, Seas, Rivers, and Ponds with Fifties, Fields with all forts of Corn, the 'Ta¬ ft tires with Cqttel, the Forrefts, Parks, Warrens, .and Woods with Wild Bcafts onely for Recreation and Food ; the Mines with Metals. x6 p^eftnt *tate Coils, and other Minerals ; where are fewer ravenous and hurtful Beafis, fewer vtnenmis Serpents or noifome Flies ; fewer Droughts, In¬ undations , or Dearths ; fewer un- wholfomt Serenes, Pefiilential Airs, Tempeftuotts Hurricanes, or Deslru- Bivc Earthquakes: Laftly, where ^ there is a greater abundance of all things neceflary for mans life, and more efpecially for all kind of Food* in fo much that it hath been judged that there is yearly as much E/efi and Beer confumed in England by overplentiful Tables, as would well ferve three times the number of People. Add to all this; thatbeing encompafled with' the Sea and well furniftic with Ships and abundance of commodious and excellent Havens and Ports, it excels for fafety and fecurity, (which is no fmnllpraife) all the Neighbouring Countries, if not all the Countries in the World. At firfi all Nations bartred and exchanged one Commodity for an - other. *7 Of €U8lattD* other, but that being found trouble- fome; by a kind of Cuftom, good liking, or ufage, amongft all Civili¬ zed Nationsjoz'/wr and Gold, as molt portable, pliable , beautiful, and left fubjeft to ruft, bath been as early as the dayes of Abraham, chofen to be the Inflruments of Exchange and meafure of all things, and were at firfl paid onely by Weight , till the Romans about 3 co years before the Birth of Chrift, invented Coping or Stamping Gold and Silver. Wtien f aim Cafar firfl entred this Ifland, here were current in- fleadof Money, certain Iron Rings, afterwards the Romans brought in theufeof Gold, Silver, and Bcafs tops- In the time of King Richard the Firfl, Moneys coyned in the Eaft parts of German) being for its puri¬ ty highly edeemed, fome of thofe E after lings were fent for over, and emploied in our Mint,and thence our Money called Efterling or Sterling Money , as fome think : (as the %\)t patent Mbit firll Gold coyned in England,mi by King Edward die 1 hrd, and tile Pieces called Florences, becaufe Flo¬ rentines were the firft Coyners thereof) though others fay of the Saxon word Ster,JVeigbtj. King Edward the Firll fince the Norman ConquelF,eftabli(hed a cer¬ tain Standard for Ctjn in this man¬ ner : Twenty four Grains made one Ferny Sterling , 20 Penny weight on s Ounce, and 12 Ounces.made a Pound Sterling , confifting of 2 j •Shillings. Ofthefe 12Ounces, it Ounces two Penny weight Stirling, was to be of pure Silver, called leaf Silver, and the weight of ab'out 18 Penny Sterling in allay the Minter might add : So that anciently’-* Pound Sterling was a Pound of Tro] weight, whereas now a Pound Ster¬ ling is but the third part of a Pontil Tny, and little more than a 4th pan of Avoirdupois weight. The Money of England was aba- fed and fdfified for a long time, till Queen Elizabeth in the year 1605, to her great praife called in allfuch Money ; fince which time no bafe Money hath been coined in England, but onely of pure GVWand Silver , called Sterling Money ^ onely of la¬ ter times , inrelation to the necefii- tv of the Poor , and Exchange of great Money, a fmall piece of Erafs called a Earthing, or Fourth part of a Penny, hath been permitted to be coined, but no man enforced to receive them in pay for Rent or Debt •, which cannot'be affirmed of any other State or Nation in the ChriQian World ; in all which there are feyleral forts of Copper Money as oirrentj)with them for any payment as the pureft Geld or Silver- No Moneys in any Mint are made of pure Silver, becaufe Silver in its purity isalmoft as flexible as Lead-, and therefore not fo ufeful, as when hardned with Copper- Gold minted pure would alfo be too flexible, and therefore is in all Mints allayed with feme Copper-, and mod: Mints differ in more or Iefs al- The Ordinary Silver Coyns at! prefent in England, are according! to weight, either the Ounce Tnj,\ the half Ounce, the 5th part, iothj part, 15thpart, 20th part, 30th! part, or 60th part; thus denomina¬ ted , The Crown, Half Crown , Shil¬ ling, Six Pence, Four Pence , Three Pence, Two Pence, a Penny. The Standard of Sterling Silver in England is Eleven Ounces and 7 wo Penny weight of Fine Silver, and 18 I'tnnj weight of Allay of Copper 01?: of the Fire, and fo pro- .portionsbly; fothat 12 Ounces of .pure Silver, without .ai*y,|ilayis .worth 1l.4j.6d. arfdf^^plceis worth 5 s. 4 d- 10b. but ;t@th al¬ lay is worth but 3 /. and the Ounce The Ordinary Englifh Gold Coyns are now onlyth* old Carolus, or las. Piece , which by. ablate Proclamation is current at j 1 s. 4 d : it weigheth 5 Penny weight 20 Grains.. The New Guinea. 20 s. weighetb j pennyweight 10 Grains The Standard of the Englijb Caro¬ lus piece, or Ordinary Gold, is in the pound weight Troy 22 Canals of Fine Gold and iCarratsotMhy [silver or Copper ; that is, 11 Oun¬ ces of Fine Gold and one Ounce of 1A Hay Silver or Copper. The Sptmifb, French, and Flemifh Gold is of equal finenefs with the ngl\!h. 'I he Enrtijb Silver Money hath lefs Allay than the French or Dutch. The Moneycrs divide the Pound weight intO f i2 Ounces T ny. . Mm? | C20 Tcn.yt. I Pen. might 24 Grains. 4 Grain !, 2 \ 20 Mites. I Mite j - s j 24 Droitcs. Dnite 20 Perits. [Perit J [24 Blanks. The English Silver is coined at 3 /. t. the pound of Troy weight, the s. being allowed the Minters for oin.ige. The Englilh Gold is coined at •mt patent %>mt prefent at 44 /• io.t. the pound Troy weight, whereof 15 s. is al. lowed the Mincers for Coinage. So that now the proportion of Gold to Silver in England , is as 1 to 14 and about ’-, that is to lay, one Ounce of Gold is worth in Silver r4 Ounces and about or 3 /. 14. :■ 2 L of Englifh Money, That the Englifh Coin may wan! neither the purity nor the weight re¬ quired, it was mod wifely and care¬ fully provided, that once every yeai the Chicfoficers of ihe.Mint (Thouli appear before the Lords of the^Com cil in the Star-Chamber aijvefi minficr , with fome Pieces'"of a! forts of Moneys coined the/orego ing year; taken at adventure outo the Mint, and kept under fever; Locks by feveral perfons till that ap pearance, and then by a Jury 0 24 able Goldfmitbs in the prefence 0 the faid Lords , every Piece is mol esadfly aflayed and weighed. Since the happy reftauration 0 HisMajefty now raigning, the coit %i)t patent dnpois. \t\Troj might 14 grains of Wheat make a Ptm) might etcr- [jflf ) 2 o Penny- weight make an Ounce, 1 1 Ounces make a Pounds fo there are 480 Grains in tne Ounce , and 5760 Grains in the Pound. • . . , , liy this Weighc are weighed Pmrls Prctioiu Stones, Gold, Sil¬ ver , Bread, and all manner of Corn ini Grain • and this Weight the Apothecaries do or ought to ule, though by other Divifions and De¬ nominations : their lead Meafure is a Grain. 20 Grains A fa Scrapie,) ,-(3 3 Scruples ( JT* Vracb.C^ k 8 Drachmes ' g anOnnce, ( E )5 lZOnnccs ) ( a Pound, J U& Avoirdupois hath 16Ounces to the pound , but then the Ounce Avoir dupois is lighter than the Ounce Trey fy 42 Grams 111480, that is near a 12th part; fo that the Avoirdupois Ounce contained but of CnglanD* 438 Grains, and is as 73 to 80, that is 73 Ounces Troy is as much as 80 Oun ces Avoirdupois, and 60 pound Avoirdupois is,equal to 73 pounds Troj, and 14 Ounces Troy and a half, and the 10th part of a Tm Ounce make 16 Ounces Avoirdupois. By this Weight are weighed in England all Grocery Wares, Flejh Butter, Cheefe, Iron , Hemp, Flax Tallow, wax ; Lead, Steel , alfo all things whereof comes wade; and therefore nili Avoirdupois is called a Hundred weight, and 5 6 /.Half a Hundred ,and 28 1 . a Quar¬ ter of a Hundred, or a Tod. Eight; Pounds Avoirdupois amongfl: the Butchers is’called a Stone Note,That when Wheat is at 5 s. the Btijhel ,' then the Penny wheat ei: ■.Loaf isby Statute: to weigh 11 Oun« cesTroy, and 3 Half'Penny white Loaves to weigh as much , and the Houfiold Penny-Loaf to weigh 14 Troy Ounces and Two third part* of an Ounce; and do mote or left proportionabty. C Note it %t>t ptrfmt Sstatt Note alfo, That here,as in other Countrys, Silk-men ufe: a Weight , called Vmc{ Ouncewhich is i 3 , penny weight and 12 Grains-fo that: 1 2 Ounces F''.nice is but 8 Ounces, 4Penny Tnj, and 9 Ounces Avoir- d„w ’ but of this there is no Stan¬ dard, nor doth the Idagiftrate al¬ low of it. All Meafnres in Engird are ei- furs/. thtr Applicative or Receptive. Thefmalleft Aienfura application nis or applicative meafure is a Ear¬ ly Corn, -whereof 3 in length make at fingers breadth or inch, 4 Inch make a Handful, 3 Handful a Foot, 1 Foot and a half makes a Cubit, 2 Cubits a Yard, 1 Yard and a yt» ter makes an Ell , 5 F00C make ) geometrical Pace, 6 Foot a Fathotn asS Epot and a half make a Perch] BoleM Rod, 40 Perch-mike a Fih long, 8 Furlongs., or 320 Pen .'make wEnglifiMile j which at ' cording to the Statute of ought to bei760Yards.,;or.(J2S ofCnglanD. foot, that is 280 Foot more than the Italian Mile ■ 60 Miles, or more extftly 69 Englifli Miles and a half, make a Degree , and 360 Be* met , or 25020 Miles compafa the whole Globe of tile Earth. For meafuring of Land in Eng¬ land, 40 Perch in length and 4 in breadth make an Acre.of Land (fo called from the German word Acker, and that from the Latine Ager) 3 0 Acres ordinarily make a Tarek Land, and one Hundred Acres are account¬ ed a Hide of Land} but inthis and alio in fomeWeights arid other Mea- fures, the Cnftome of the place is otherw’ife.yet mud be regarded. In France about Paris 12 inches make a foot, 22 foot make a Perch, and 100 Perches make an Arpent. Menfura Rcceptionu, or the Re¬ ceptive Meafurcs, are twofold j firft of Liquid Ot Moifl. things, fecond- ly of Dry things. About a pound Avoirdupois makes the ordinary fmalleft receptive mea- fure, .called a Pint, 2Pints make a C 2 ^pnrt. %\yt patent State j Quart , 2 Quarts a Pottle, 2 Tot- j ties a Gallon, $ Gallons & Firkin of j Me: 9Gallons a Firkjn of Beer, ; 2 fuch Firkins or i 8 Gallons make a Kilderkin , i Kilderkins or 36 Gal¬ iens make a Barrel of Beer, 1 Bar¬ rel and a half, or 54 Gallons, make a Hog/bead ; i Hogfieads make a Pipe or Butt, and 2 Pipes a. Tun, confid¬ ing of 1728 Pints or Pounds. A Barrel of Butter or Soap is the fame with a Barrel of Ale. The Englifh Wine Meafures are fmaller than thofe of Alt and Beer , and hold proportion as 4 to 5 ^ fo that 4 Gallons of Meafure are 5 Gallons of Wine Meafure, and each Gallon of Wine is 8 pounds Troy weight. Of thefe Gallons, a Bttndletof Wine holds 18, a Tierce of Wine holds 42 Gallons, a Hog- Jbead 63 Gallons, a Pipe or Butt holds 126, and a Tun 25 2 Gallons, or 2016 Pints- To meafure dry things, as Corn or Grain, there is firft the Gallon, which is bigger than the Wine Gal¬ lon, ofCnsianti* 25; Jon, and lefs than the Ale or Beer Gallon , and is in proportion to them as 33 to 28 and35, and is counted 8 pounds Troy weighr. Tivo of thefe Gallons make a Ped^, 4 Pecks a Bttjbel , 4 B t «g<- nliy of Solid Stone , covered with Lead; Cathedral and Collegiate Churches every where ample and magnificent; and the Churches in Market-Towns and Opulent Villa¬ ges fpacious 'and folid enough. Houfesin Cities, that, were hereto- C 3 fore XI)e pjcfmt &t&ti fore ufually of Wood, are now bulk of good Stone or Brick., and co¬ vered with Slate or Tile ■ the Rooms within formerly Wamfcotted, zxcmvhungmhTafiMocotha convenient Stuffe ; and all Culed with Plainer, excellent againftthe rage of Fire, againft the Cold and to hinder the paffage of all dull and B °The Modern Buildings have been far more flight and of lefs continu¬ ance than the Antient. The houfes of the Nobles and Rich are abundantly fiirniflit with P enter, Brafs, Fine Lintien ini Plate. The mean Methamcks and ordinary Husbandmen , want not Silver f poors , or (om Silver plate in rheir Houfes. The windows every viheteglafed, not made of Paper or Wood, as is u* foal in Italy and Spain. Chimnies in moll places,no Stoves, although the far more Southern parts of Germany can hardly fubiift in the Winter without them. CHAP- ofCngianD* 31 CHAP. II. Of the Inhabitants , and therein of their Law, Religion, Man¬ ners > and Tmifhmerstst, of their Number, Language ^Sta¬ ture , Dyet, Attire , Recrea¬ tions, Names, and Surnames j of their Computation and manner of Numbnng. T? Ngland huh been polled by five inhili. Jjj feveralNations, and coveted tints. by many more, and no wonder fo fair and rich a Lad) fhould have ma¬ ny Lovers, it being a Country (ss was laid of the Tree in themiadof Paradife) good for food, pleafant to the eyes, and to be dtftred ■, whereas che High-lands of Scotland , Wales, Bifcaj, Switzerland, and other like Countries, continue dill in the pof- feffion of their Aborigines, of the firft that laid claim unto them, none C 4 fince difpoflefs them. I he firft Inhabitants of England are believed to be the Britains, de¬ fended from the Gauls, whofe Ian- guage was once almoft the fame ; fubdued afterward by the Romans: who, by reafon of their' troubles nearer home, were conftrained to abandon this Country about 400 years after Chrifl: whereupon the Bills Inhabitants of Scotland\ inva¬ ding the Britains, they call to their aid the Saxons ; who chafing away the Pills, foon made chemfelves Matters of the Britains : but thefe not able to endure the heavy yoke of the Saxons, after many Battels and Attempts to recover their loft Liberties and Country, retired, or were driven fome of them into Bri¬ tan in France , from whence fome think they firft came; but moft of them into the two utmoft jvtftem barren, and mountainous parts of this Countrey, c lled afterwards by the Saxons Walifiland, inftcad of Gatd- ifiland. of Cngiano* 3 inland, as th ^Germans ftill call Italy tvali/hlandjoecnok inhabited by the Cifal'pine Gauls ; arid the French cal! our Countrey of Britains, LePats de Gales. The Saxons folely poffeft of all the beft part of this Ifle, were for along time infefkd, andforfome time almoftfubdued by the Banes, and afterwards wholly by the Nor¬ mans,who drave not out the Saxons , but mixed with them ; fo that the Englijb blood at this day is a mixture chiefly of Norman and Saxon , noc without a tintture of Dani/b, Romijh and Britijb Blood. The Englifh according to feveral Their Matters and Parts of the Kingdom ; ^aw¬ are governed by feveral Laws, viz. Common Law, Statute Law, Civil Law , Canon Law , Forcfl Law , and Martial Law ; befides particu¬ lar Cuftoras and-By-idw; Of all which in brief (intendingin aTrea- tife apart, tofpeak more largely of them, in the Particular Government of of England Eceltfiafiiqut CM ,; and Militar), .together with a I the j Courts andOfficers thereto belong-: - The Common Law of England i 1 lZ the Common Cuftoms of theKing dome , which have by length of time obtained the force of Laws .■ It is called Lex tan feriptn (nOobut that We have chetnwritten in the old Norman Dialctt , which being no where vulgarly ufed, varies rib more than the Litin, but) becaufe it can¬ not be Made by Charter or by Par¬ liament ; for thore are alwayes mat¬ ters of Ricord ; whereas Cuftoms areonely matters of Fall, and are noWhert but in th t Memory of th -Emie ^ and of all LaWs muft be the beft for the Englifh : for the written LaWsrnadein England by Kings or Privy*-C6nnclls, ssakmlj, orb) Parliaments, aSOf late? times an impofed upon the • Subjedt before ■any probation Or tmadyWhetherthej arsbeneficlal to theNation ; or a- of Cngimto: greeable to the Nature of the Peo¬ ple ; but Cuftoms bind not the Peo¬ ple till they have been tried and ap¬ proved time out of mind ; during which time no inconvenience arifing to hinder, thofe Cuftoms became Laws; and therefore when Our Par¬ liaments have altered any Funda¬ mental points of our Common-Law, (as fometimes hath been done)thofe alterations have been by experience found fo- inconvenient, that the fame Law by fucteeding Parlia¬ ments bath foon been reftorecL This Common-Law is the Quintef- fenceofthe Cuftomary Laws of the Mercians , prevailing before the Conqueft in the Middle Counties of England, called the Kingdom of Mercia, and of the Saxons a- mongft the-Weft and South parts, and of the Danes amongft the Eafl- Angles , all firft reduced into one body by King Edward the Elder a- bout the year 900 ; which for fome time ailmoft loft, were revived by the good King Edward the Confef- 'Cpe parent for and by Poftetity named his Laws. To thefe the Conquerour added fome of the good Cuftoms of Normandy, and then his Succeffor King Edvard the firft having in his younger years given hirnfelf latisfa- flion in. the glory of Arms.,, bent hirnfelf (like another fuftinian) to endow his Eftate with divers nota¬ ble Fundamantal Laws, everfince pradifed in this Nation. The ex¬ cellent conveniency'and connatural- nefs of the Common Law of Eng¬ land to the temper of Englifh Men, is faeh, that the ferious eonfiderati- ©n thereof induced King fames in a Solemn Speech to prefer it as to this Nation , before the Law of M°fes- sum- Wherethe Commw-lm is filent, 1' there we have excellent Statute . Lam made by the fever a I Kings of England, by and-with the Advice and Confenr of all the Lords Spiri¬ tual and Temporal,.■and with the Confent.of : all the- Commons ,;of England ofengkm 37 -England ,by their Reprefentati ves in parliament; whereuntothe Englifl } ealily fubmit, as made at their own earned delire and requed. Where .Common and Statute-Law chit- take no Cognizance, ufe is made Lm. of that Law of Laws called the Ci- vil-La \\>; wherein is to be had what all the Wifeft and Nobled jMen of the mod flourilhing and puiffant State that ever was in the World, could in thefpace.ofmany hundsed years by their own ty ifdom or Rea- fondevife, or from any other Peo¬ ple learn: fothat this Law maybe lookt on as the Product of the Com¬ mon reafon of all Mankind, and fitted for thelnteredand Welfare not of one Nation onely; but con¬ templating and taking care for the general affairs of all People. Of this Lawufe is made in all Ecclefiadical Courts of Bilhops, Arch-deacons, Vicars-General, Chancellours, and Commiflaries, when ever Cogni¬ sance is taken of Wills and Teda- ments,. ments, ofTythes,Oblations,Mor- j tuaries j of Matrimony, Divorce, j Adultery, Inceft, Fornication, Cha- < ftity attempted; of Sacred Orders,; Tnftitutions to • Church-Livings , Celebration of Divine Offices, Re¬ paration. of Churches, Dilapidati¬ ons , Procurations; of Herefie, Apoftafy, Atheifme, Scliifme, Si¬ mony , Blafphemy, &c. So of this . Law is made life in the Court of Ad¬ miralty, in all Affairs immediately relating to the Royal Fleets , to ail other Veffels of Trade, and to their Owners, to Mariners, to Comman¬ der* at Sea, to Reprisals, to Pyra- cies, to Merchants Affairs, to all Contrails made at Sea or beyond Sea, in the way of MarirreTrade or Commerce; to all matters.touch¬ ing Wrecks , Thtfam, 'fctfam , La- gm , Marine Waifs ,-Deodans, &c. Moreover ufe is made of the Civil Law in the Court of the Earl Marfhal , taking Cognizance, of Crimes perpetrated out of England of Contrails made in Foreign parts, ofCttglantx 39 of Affiirs of War winhin and with¬ out England . of Controverfies a- bout Nobility and Gentry;, or bear¬ ing of Coats of Arras; of Prece¬ dency , &c. Of this Law much ufe is made in Treaties with Foreign Potentates, where manjrpoints are to be determined and concluded, according to the direction of this . mod: excellent and generally appro¬ ved Law; and for this caufe Foreign Princes take efpecial care to choofe fuch perfons for their Embaflfadours as are skilled irt the Civil Law, and this Policy was heretofore duly ob- ferved by our Englifh Princes with very good fuccefs. Laftly, The two Univerfities of -England ferve themfelvesof the Civil Law, for by their Priviledgei no Student-is to be fued at CmtnoH Law , but in the Vicechancelloiirs Court for Debts, Accounts, Injuries t &c. The Canons of many Antient ennon- General Councils of many National Ltv. and Provincial Englilh'Synods, be¬ tides fides divers Decrees of the Biftiops of Row and Judgements of Anti- | ent fathers had been received by the Church of England , and incor- ' porated into the Body of the Canon Law: by which (he ever did pro¬ ceed in;the exercife of her Jurifdi- ftion,.and doth ftillby vertue of the Statute 25 fo far as the Laid Canons and Conftitutionsare not re: pugnant to the Holy Scriptures, to the Kings Prerogative, or the Laws, Statutes 1 , and Cuftoms of this | Realm ;: and thofe are called the Kings Ecdefiaftical Laws, ■ which have feveral proceedings and fe- veral ends from the Temporal Laws ; thefe inflicting punifh- ment upon the Body , Lands, and; Goods, and to piinifh the outward man •, but thofe pro fainte mim&, to reform the inward naan; both joyning in this, to have the ! whole man outwardly and inwardly reformed I Of €1101(11113* 41 '‘•'The ForeFl Law are peculiar *««/?- Laws, different from the Common Um ‘ Law of England. Forefts in Entr- la»d are exceeding antient and be¬ fore the malting of Chart a de Fo- refta. Offence- committed therein were puniflit at the pleafure of the King, in fo fharp and grievous a manner (as ttill in Germanj) that both Nobles and Common, did fnf- fer many horrible inconveniencies and opprefiions, and even in that Charter were fome hard Articles, which the Clemency of gracious Kings havefince by Statute thought fit to alter Per Jffifas Fortft* in the time of Edtoardl. voluntas re- putatafuit prof alio ; fo that if a man be taken hunting a Deer, he maybe arretted as if he had taken a Deer. The Forretter may take and arreft a man, if he betaken either at Bog- draw t Stable-gland , Bacltftear , ot Bloodj-hand ; for in thefe foura man is faid to be taken with the manner, though three of them may be but preemptions. i ex 4^ %f)e pjctent £>tate Mm in- LaC4’"f' ■'***““> “! ta _ it». Law that dependeth upon the Kings , Will and Pleafure, or his Lieutenant intimeofa&ual War-, for although I in time of Peace the King for the | more equal temper of Laws towards all his Subjefb , makes no Laws but by the content of the Three Effaces in Parliament : yet in times of War, byreafon of great dangers arifing fuddenly and unex- peftedly upon fmal! occafions, he ufeth abfolutePower, infomuchai hi word goeth for a Law, Martial Law extends onely to Soldiers and Mariners, and is not to be put in praftice in tin es of Peace, but only in times of War , and then and there where the Kings Army is on foot. PeculUt By the Kings Royal Charter Mi By. granted to divers Cities or btf Urn. i a „d t the Magillrates have a Power to make fuch Laws as may bt beneficial for the Citizens, and no: 43 of Cnsiank repugnant to the Laws of die Land; and thefe are binding only to the Inhabitants of the place, unlefs fuch Laws are for a general good, or a* gainftage eralinconvenience; for then they bind Strangers. Becaufe Humane Laws can pro- Kcligitn. mote no other good, nor prevent any other evil but what is open to publick cognizance, it is very necef- iary for the Society of Mankind.and it is the great Wifdom of God fo to ordain. That by Religion a Tribu¬ nal Ihould be erefted in every mans foul, to make him efchewevi! and do good, when no Humane Law can take notice of either. Of all Religions in the World, antiently only the Jews worflf.pt the true God in the true manner. The Jews Religion in procefi of time by Traditions and Superftiti- om much corrupted, was parti, ab¬ rogated , and the reft reformed, re¬ fined, and fublimated by our Savi¬ our Chrift, 4 nd fince called the Chri- ftinn %{}?■ pirlent f&uxtz film Religion ; which was planted in England, Tempore Ht feimtes (faith Gildas ) /ammo Tiberii Cafaris , j which by computation will fall to be • 5 years before St. Peter came to j Rome, and about 5 years after the death of Chrift. Jt is alfo affirmed by Ancient and Modern Grave Authors exprefly, That in the i: th year of the Empe- rour Nero , St Peter preached here, baptized many , and ordained Bi- fhops, Priefts, and Deacons: That immediately after St. Stephen sdtith and the Jews difperfion, fofeph of Ar.mathea with n others here preachc and died : That the firft Fabrick of a Chriftian Church or Temple in all the World, was at Glaftcnburj in Somerfet-Jhire , JI years after Chrifls death: And that St. Paul was permitted to preach here, before he was fuffered fo to do at Rome. Afterwards Anno 180. the Chriftian Faith was here firft . profefled by publick Authority un- •girder King Lucitte the firft Chriftian King of€ngl»* King in the World ; and with Chri- ftianity no doubt ca'mein theEpif- copal Government, asmaybefeen in the Catalogue of Britfi Bijhops and it is certain that at the Council of Aiks Anno 3 47.there were three Britifh Archbifhops , viz. ot Lon¬ don, York., and Caerleon ; whereof the firft had for his Province under him the South , the fecond all the North, and the third all beyond Se¬ vern,or the weft part of this Ifland. Under thefe three Archbiniopsthere were reckoned about that Age 28 Bifhops, all which did obferve the Cuftoms and Orders of the Greek or Eaftern Churches, and particu¬ larly tliac of Easier different from the Cuftom of the Latine or We¬ stern Churchesnor did they ac¬ knowledge Rome to be the Mother Church of the Britannic^. Church. Britain was then a Patriarchal Jurif- diftion in fubftance, though perhaps not in name, until about the year 59 * 5 . When Auftin the Monk affift-’* ed by the fraud of 40 other Monks, %%% patent ©tate and bv the Power of die then Hea¬ then Anglo-Saxon: (who had long befoi'je driven the Bncains into Wale) conftrained theBritimBi fhops to fubmk themfelves to the Bifhop of Rm*\ afar which, by the Connivence or Conceffions of the fucceffive Saxon and Norman Kings, this Church was in fome things fubjefted to the Biflwp of Rome as its Patriarch or Primate; until Henry the Eighth by his ^°Y al Authority ('as he and all other Kings might remoye_their Chancellors pr other Officers, and difpofe of their Offices to others) did remove the -- Primacy or Metropohtanfhip from the See of Rome to the See of Can¬ terbury as.being far more agreea¬ ble to Civil Policy and Prudence ; that fuch a high Power fhouidbe placed rather in a Subject of .opr own Nation than in a Sovcraign Prince (for fo is the Pope over [e- veral Territories in Italy.) and he tar remote beyond the Seas: Which ejection of che PopesAuthority w?s ofCngiantn not done, as in other Nations, by Popular Fury andFaftion, but by the mature deliberate Counfel of Godly and Learned Divines aflem- bled in Convocation, with the ex- prefs Authority of the King, and ratified by the Three States in Par¬ liament. The minds of Englifli Chriftianf thus delivered from the Spiritual Ty¬ ranny, and the Dignity of Englifli Kings from the Spiritual Slavery of Rome , the King and Clergy took this occafion to reform the many a- bufes and errors crept into the Church in length, of time by the great negligence and corruption of Governours ; wherein the Wifdora of the Ehglifh Reformers is to be admired to all pofterity; which was briefly thus:: Firft, Care was taken left that (as it ofc happens in indiftreet Pur¬ ges ,and where ever the People only •hath been thelRelormer) thegood fhoisld be taken away H(ith the injepKCetU&t&te bad: Itwas therefore refolved not to feparate farther from the Church of ‘.Rome in Doftrine or Difcipline than that Church had feparated from what (he was in her pureft Times. For Doftrine they embra¬ ced that excellent Counfel of the Prophet, Stateftiper vim antiqum (T vidctc ejuanam fit via rctta & aw bulate inca ; they made a (land and took a view of the pureft Primitive Chriftian Times, and thence faw which was the right way, and fol¬ lowed that.For the Difcipline of this ReformedzChurch they confidered what it was in the pureft Times of the firft good C hriftian Emperours, for the Times of perfection (be¬ fore Temporal Princes embraced the Chriftian Faith) as they were : mo(l excellent Times for Doftrine' and Manners; fo very improper and un¬ fit for. a Pattern or example of out¬ ward Government and Policy. The Doftrine of the Church of England is contained in the 39 Ar¬ ticles of the Book of Homilies. The ofCngiatiD. The Worfliip and Difciplme is teen in the Liturgy and Book of Canons, by all which it will appear tormpartial forreign eyes, that the Church o f England may warrant- ably be faid to be the moll exadt and pcrfca Patera of all the Re¬ formed Churches in the World: and whofoever fliall be fo happy as to be a true Son of that Church, muff confefsthatitisthe moll: incorrupt iiumhJe.innocenr, learned; the mod Primitive, mod Decent • and Rcgu i lr Cbu ^ 'n CbriJhndme ■ that Her Dodtnneis built upon the Pro. phets and Apodles, according to the explication of the Antient Fa. tilers; the Government truly Apo- nolical, and in all e/Tential p-frts thereof of Divine Miration- the Liturgy an extra* of the bed pri¬ mitive Forms; the Ceremoniesfew but necelliry, and fuch as tend onc- ,'y to Decency and increafe of piety: 1 hat diee holds the whole truly C;- tholick Foundarion-accerdin" to the -enpture and the lour fir'd General ^ Coun- , n ^ct)e p^etent ^>tate r tint (he adheres clofely StSSs-Sit is,doth willingly receive ^’^thlcys^eOl/Rule ofc«hoUafme: fo that none can faVmore truly with than Sc 2 all the the Religions in the World, none will be found mote Sonant to Gods Word for Do- ftrine nor to the Primitive Exam- p'es for Government, None: will LfoundthatafcribesmoretoGod or that conftitutesmore firm Uian ty amongft Men; none will be found fo excellent not only ‘ n th J 9*5 .munity as Chriftian, butalfointb ■fpecial Notion as Reformed, fori. keepeth the middle way betwen t pomp of Superftitious Tyranny m ' the ireannefs of Tanatick An» Ch Vn two Points the Church of£*i ■land is truly Tranfcendent, Firll,! of Custaio. fiath the Grand Mark of the true Church which moft European Churches deem to want, and chat is Chanty towards other Churches- for it doth not fo engrofs Heaven to its own ProfefTors, as to damn all others to Hell. Secondly, It is the great glory of the Englifli P ro te- itant Church ; that it never refilled Authority, nor engaged in Rebelli¬ on; a Praife that makes much to her ad vantage in the minds of all thofe who have read or heard of thedif- mal and devillifh effefts of the Holy League in iWe.by Papifts, of the holy Covenant in Scotland by Puri¬ tans, and of the late Solemn League and Covenant in Engird by pref- byterians. As for the Scandal begotten by the late Troubles and Murder of the late King, which fome of the R,- mif!) endeavour to throw upon the Enghfh Religion,- it is fufficiently known,thac not one perfon that was a known Favourer and Pradtifer of th « f>y Law cftablifhr in ptefcnt Tr'U-jd was'either a Beginner or adfve Profecutcr of that Rebellion, or anyway an Abettor of that hor- ridMurther; for thatonr Religion neither gives fuchRulcs,nor ever did fet fuch Examples: nor indeed can thatbetrulyf.iidtobeanAae.ther of the Parliament or People of Eng- td but only of a few wretched Mifcreants, So %°^f'6 0 ^£ not the feare of God befoie their €) About the year x 6 3 5 or 163 6 the , of 1 Evangelical Truth .• Her Religious - performances,Her Holy officeb > 01 ' j dered and regulatedagreeably to • the expedient of fuch Saered Act ons . HerDifcipline-Model fuitablel to the Apoftolick form-, the Set and Suit ol Her Holy Tribe renown. ed for Piety and Learning; and all thefe in fo-Supereminent a Degree, that no Church on this fide the Apo- 1 of©ngicin& 1 flolidcan hardly or ever could com¬ pare with her in any one. And in this Felicity file might probably have continued, had Hie not been dillur- bcd by a Generation of Hypocritical or at leaft blind Zealots; whole pre- decefljrsin Queen Elizabeth’s time ; began to oppofe that excellent begun Reformation^ and then to contrive t^e Alteration of Government ; be¬ ginning firft very low at Caps and Hoods, Surplices, and Epifcopal Hi- bits; butthefe flew higher, procee¬ ding at length to the height of a! Im¬ piety-, fubverted even Liturgy, Epif- eopacy, and Monarchy it fclf: all which our Moft Gracious King upon his Reflauration hath molt wifely andpionfly reflored , after the ex¬ ample of that good King Hezekiah, 2 Cbr. 29. 2, 3. Since which we are able to render this joyful acount of the Religion and Church of Eng- l.wd, viz. That there is nothing wan¬ ting in order to SalvationWe have the Word of God, the Faith of the Apodles, the Creeds of the Primi- 54 ©)t pjtCcnt State li,t Church, the Articles of the ; Four Pirft General Councils, a . Holy Liturgy, Excellent Prayers, | Due Adrainillration of the Sacra- ments, the Ten Commandements, . the Sermons of Chrilt, and all the Precepts and Councels of the Co- fpel. We teach Faith and Repen¬ tance, and the Neceflity of Good Works, and driftly exaftthe feve- ricy ofaHoly Life. We live mO- bedience to God, ready to part with all.for his Sake; we honour His Mod Holy Name; we worlhip Him at the mention of lus Name; weconfefs his Attributes; We have Places, Times, Perfons, and Reve¬ nues, confecrated and fet apart for the Service and Worlhip of our Great God Creator of Heaven and Earth • we honour this Vicegerent the Kin 0 , holding it damnable to ufe any other Weapons againft him or his'Army but Prayers and 1 ears: we hold a charitable refpeft: toward all Chriftians: we confefs our (ins to. God and to our Brethrciyvhom of€ttgl8n&» we have offended, and to Gods Mi¬ ni tiers thePriefls, in Cafes ofScan- dal or of a troubled Confcience; and they duly abfoive the Penitent Soul. We have an uninterrupted fuccef- fionof Reverend,Learned,and Pious Biihops, who Ordain Priefts and Deacons, Confecrate Churches, Con¬ firm the B 3 ptiled at a due age, Blefs the People, Intercede for them, Vi- fit oft their refpe&ive Dioceffes; ta¬ king Care ofallthe Churches, that they be ferved with as good and a- ble Pallors as the fmall Maintenance can invite;, they.defend the Church Libertiesconfer Inftitutions, inflift Ecclefiaflical-Cenfures, difpence in certain Cafes, keep Hofpitality,as St. Paul admonifheth, and Preach as ofc • as neceffity requireth. Hodie aim tuque Concmutorum pan- citai nt't clmyeqtte Infidelitimmul¬ titude hoc exigere videtur. For now neither that fcarcity of Preachers as was amongft the Primitive Chri- flians nor multitude of Heathens as dwelt among therm doth Teem to- $6 %\je pjcfent ^tatc Ever fince the beginning of our Reformation, there are lome few Families in feveral parts of Eng- i,wd , have perfifted in the Romifh Religion, and are ufually called Fa- pift shorn Pap.i, the old ufualName of the Bifhop of Heme. Againft thefe there are divers fevere Laws Hill in force, but their number be¬ ing net confiderable, nor their Loy¬ alty of later years queftionable, thofe Laws are more rarely putin execution: b;fides the Clemency and gentle ufage fhewn them here, begets in. to;# States and-Poten¬ tates abroad the like gentle treat¬ ment of their Proteftant Subje&s, and of the Englifh, living within their Dominions- As for thofe . other .Perfwafiops whofe ProfeiTorsare commonly cal¬ led Prefijteriansindependents, A- nabaptiflsy gnakers, Fi^h-Monar¬ ch]-Men , Ranters, Adamites, B?h? menifis, Tamil] of Love, and the reft of thofe' Muftiromes of Cbrijh- tinitf -. as mod ofthem fprang up ' . , fud: Df €nj5tott& fudclenly in the late unhappy Nighr of Confufion, fo it is to be prefumed that they may in a fhort time vanifti in this blefled Day of Order; and therefore not worthy to be defcrt- bed here as Religions profefTed in England : for as tile State of Eng¬ land doth account them no other Members then the Pudenda Of the Nation, and are alhamed of them, JV/iippi ubi cttera Mentbra movtntar nd arbitrinm hom'misktc fold tarn turbida, inordinata acijfrtn.it a fans nt prater & centra volant at cm com- mveri'filcnt fo neither doth the Church of EnglandX ook upon thofe Profefforsas Sons- but BiRards: or make account of any other int'ereft in them then a man makes ofchofe Vermin which breed out ofhisex- cremcntiuousfweat, orthofe Afca-. rides which.come.fometimes in his moll uncleanly parts. Touching the lews See. 5 § 5£t)e patent State dom in the World enjoyed more freedom from Slavery^ Tmis, fo generally none were freer from evil tempers and humors: none more devoutly religious, willingly obedient to the Laws, truly loyal to the King, lovingly hofpitable to Neighbours,ass- bitioujly civil to . Strangers, or more liberally charitable to the Needy . No Kingdom could (hew a more valiant prudent Nobility, a more learned and pious- Clergy, or a more content ed : loyal- Commonalty- ■ T he Men were'generally honeft, the wives and Women chaft and mo* deft, Tarcnts loving. Children obedi¬ ent, Husbands kind, Majlersgentle, and Servants faithful. In a word, the Englifi were then according to their Native Tempers, the beft Neighbours, beft Friends, beft SubjtRs;an& the beft Chriftians in the World. Among!! thefe excellent Tempers, ■ among!! this goodly Wheat, whilft men flept,. the Enemy came and l Jbwcd af'€ngltoti>*.. Towed Tares, there fprang up of la¬ ter years a fort of People fowrefful- len, fufpitious, querulous , peevifi, envious , referved, narrow-hearted , clofe-ffied ; felf-conctited, ignorant ft iff necked. Children of Belial (ac¬ cording to the genuine ffgnification of the word ) ever prone to -de/pife Dominion, to {peak, evil-of Digni¬ ties, to gain-fay Order, Buie, and Authority 5 who have accounted it their honour to contend with Kings -and Govermrs, and to difquiet the Peace ot Kingdoms ; whom no de¬ fer ts, no clemency could ever oblige, neither Oaths or Promifes bind, breathing nothing but [edition and calumnies againft the Eftablifht Go¬ vernment, afpiring withont mea- fure , w/%. without reafon T and . -making, their own wild fancies the ■ Square and Rule of their Confciences ; hating, defpiling, or difrefpefting ■ the Nobility } Gentry, ani'Smriour • Clergy, & c . Thefe lurking-in all quarters of -England', had. at length with-theic P 4, peftir psftiknrial breath infedea fome of the w/( named '■ and worfe nurtured Gcnln , divers of the infemur Civ¬ vy moft of ther«#»i», and ve¬ ry many of the Peafantrj , and pre¬ vailed fo far, as not only to fpoil t h» bell governed State, and ruin the pureft and moll flounfhmg Church in Cbriftendome, butalfoto corrupt the minds, the humors and very natures oi fo many Engliiri.; thatnotwithllandirgthe late happy Reftauration of the King and Bt- (bom, the inceflant joynt endea- . vours and (ludies of ail our.Govern- nours to reduce this people to their priftine happinefs, yet no man now livi i° can reafonably hope to fee m his time the like bleffed dayes again; without a trarifplantation of aihhoie Sons of Belial (as King famesjnh'a : «rave Teftament to his Sondid inti¬ mate ) without an utter extirpation of thofe Tares 3 which yet.theCle- ■ snency and meeknefs-of. the. Pro* teflant Religion feems to for- of®nsiano. The Nobility .and chief Gentry of England have been even by Stran¬ gers compared to the fineft Flown, but the lower- fort of common Peo¬ ple to the ccttrfejl brm\ the innate good nature, joyned with the libe¬ ral education and converfe with Strangers in forreign Countries,ren- der thofe'exceeding civil; whereas the wealth, infolence •, and pride of thefe, and the rare converfe with Strangers , ' have rendred them fo diftalieful, not only to the few Strangers who frequent England, but evento-tjieir own Gentry , that they could' fometimes with thac ei¬ ther the Country were lefs plenti¬ ful! , or thac the Impofitions were •heavier- for byreafon of the great ■ abundarice of -F.lefk and in#, Com ‘Leather, tytpll which the Soil of its own bounty with little labour doth produce, the Yeomanry zt their eafe and almofl forgetting la¬ bour, grow rich, and thereby fo -prdud, infolent, ■ and carelefs,thac ■ they neither give' that' humble re- 62. %i)t parent fpeft and awful reverence which in other Kingdoms is ufually given to Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy,not. are rhey fo induflrious or fo skilful in Manufactures as Ibme of our Neighbour Nations; fo that in, England it is no Paradox to affirm, that ns too.much indigency in the in¬ ferior fort of people doth defrefs the fpirits and dull the minds of them, fo too plentiful and Canton a fortune, caufeth in them a lazinefs and lefs indnftry, : that State com¬ monly enjoying mod peace and or¬ der and happinefs,. where either the moderate barrenmfsol the Countrev, or rrant of ground, or multitude of Impofis {am Holland) donecef- .fitate the common.people to :be. in* .duftrious. in their Callings 5 and fo to-mind-'their: own, as not to di- fturb the .State and Church affairs. : Moreover, of the Enghfl efpe- eially st hath been formerly : and un¬ happily ob.ferved, that thenuit.Js bappieft with them., when: they are iomQVflmprejfed, and in a complain. H ofCnglantx ing condition ; according to that old Riming Verfe, Anglica gens eft optima flats & peffima ridats, IhtEngUPs Common people an. ciently were.and at this day are ve¬ ry apt to hearken to Prophejies, and to create Prodigies; and then interpret them according to their own extravagant conceits: to in- vent and then maintain any the mod prodigious Opinions and Te¬ nets in Divinity: fome of the in- feriourfort of late holding abomi¬ nable opinions, unworthy even of men and fnch as in no Age were e- ver broachc before. The Englifi National vices were anciently Gluttony and the effects therof Lafciv'mfntfs, ( when they made four Meals in a day and moft eKeffwt Feafting, with great plen¬ ty of French Wine) when Women of profcjfed incontinence were per¬ mitted to proffer their Bodyes to all Comers, in certain places called Stem $ 4 %l)& piefent &tw Stews-, Oi\ Stoves , or Bathing fLi¬ as- becaufe men were wont to bath themfelves there (as dill in other Countreyes) before they adreft themfelves to ver.ereous ails. More¬ over Bride in Apparel , wherein they wereantiently fo extravagint and foolifh, fo fuperfluousand ob- fccne, that divers Statutes before our Reformation in Religion , and Homilies fince, have-been made a. gainft that Excels, and an Hnglifh Mari wnswont to be pi d tired naked with a pair of Tajlors Sheers in h;s band, li adjudged Hig/rTreafon , the Pumfli- ment having been onely drawing and hanging before the Statute ofay El 3. it remains fo hill. Pctit-Treafon is either when a Servant killeth his Matter or Mittrifs, ora Wife killeth her Husband, ora Clergy-man bis Prelate, to whom he oweth obedience^. and for tbit Crime the Puniflimenc is to be drawn (as before ) andtobehan. ed by the Neck till he be dead. The punifhment for a Woman convifted of High-Tretfon or Peth-Treafm , is all-one; and that is to be drawn and burnt alive. Felonies are all -other Capital Crimes, for which antiently there were fevera! forts of Punifhmenti till H. 1. ordained that the-Punifli. ments for all Felonies fhouid be to be hanged by tlie Neck till they are ■dead. But I I of CnglanD* But if a Peer of the Realm com¬ mit High-Trtafon , Peth-Treafonfii Ftlony, although his Judgement’be the fame with that of common per- fons; yet the King doth ufually ex¬ tend fo much favour to fuch, as to caufe them onely to be beheaded with an Axe upon a Block lying on rheground, and not as in all other Countreys by a Sword Kneeling or Handing. If a Criminal indi&ed of Pttit- Tmfon or Felony, refufeth toan- Iwer, or to put himfelf upon a Le¬ gal Trial; then for fuch Handing Mute, and Contumacy, heispre- fently to undergo that horrible pu- nifliment called Pme forte & dm; that isto befenc back to thePrifon from whence he came, and there laid in fome low dark Room naked upon the bare ground on his back, his Arms and Legs drawn with Cords faftned to the feveral quar¬ ters of the room ;■ then fliall be laid upon his Body Iron and Scone, fo' much as he may bear or morethe 7+ 5El)ep)sfent State next day he fliall have three Morfeb ofBarly Bread without Drink ; and the third day fl»H have Drink of the Water next to the PnfonDeor, except it be running Water, without Bread. and this fliall be his Diet til) he die. Which grievous kind of death fome ftout Fellows havefome- times chofen. that fo being not tried and convifted of their Crimes, their Eftates may not be forfeited to the King, but defeend to their Children ; nor their Bloud ftained. But, in Cafeo iHigh-Trtafix, though the Criminal ftand mute,yet Judgment (hall be given againft him as if he had been convifted, and his Eftate confifeated. After Beheading or Hanging, the Criminals friends ufually interr the Body decently where they pleafe; onely if the Crime be very enor- mous, as for Murdering and Rob' bing any Perfon; then by Order, is the Criminal ufually hanged by the neck till, he be dead, and after- jj ofCnglattD* w.trds hanged in Chains till the Bo' ! dy rot ; and in Tome Cafes his Right Hand is firft cut off and then • hanged. In all fuch Felonies where the Be¬ nefit of Clergy is allowed (as it is in ; many ) there the Criminal is to be : markt with a hot Iron with a T. or an M. for Thief or Manner on the Left Hand, and Wandring- Rogues are to be burnt on the Shoul¬ der with an R. Antiently in the time of the Saxon Cbriftian Kings, andfometime after the coming of the Norman Kings, men were rarely put to death for any Crime, but either paid grievous Fines, or for the more enormous Crimes, to loofe their Eyes or their Tefiicles; and fo remain living Mo¬ numents of their Impieties, as Pu- nifhments far worfe than death ; which amongft Lhriftians is believed to be but a paffagefrom this life to a a far better, and fo more a Reward than aPunifhment. For Petit Larceny or Sml Theft, E 2 that j6 Xl)e parent £>tatc that is of the value of 12. d.or under, the punishment antiently was fome- times by lofsofanEar, Sometimes by Cudgeling, but fince Edro. 3. onely by Whipping; but if fuch Petit Thief be found by the Jury to have fled for the fame, he forfeiteth all his Goods. Perjury, by bearing falfe witnefs upon Oath, is punifht with the Pil¬ lory called CoMftrigittm , burnt in the Fore-head with a P. his Trees growing upon his Ground to be rooted up, and his Goods confisca¬ ted. Forgery,Cheating, Libelling, Falfe Weights and Meafms , F»re-flallwg the Market, Offences in Baking and Brewing, are commonly punifhed with (landing in the Pillory, and fometimes to have one or both Ears nailed to the Pillory, and cut off, or there bored through the Tongue with a hot Iron. The Punifhment SotMifyrifmoi High-Treafon, that is for negleding or concealing it, is forfeiture of the Profit* of engum Profits of his Lands during life, and of all Goods, and alfo Impri- fonment for life. For Striking in the Kings Court, whereby Blood is drawn , the Pu- mflimentis, that the Criminal fall have his Right Hand ftmeken off in a moft fad and folemn manner; as more at large may be feen in the Chaprer of the Kings Court. For (Inking in mflminfier.mil whil ft the Courts of Juftice are fit¬ ting, is Imprifonment during life and forfeiture of all his Eftate. ’ For one found in a Pr‘emmrc,is forfeiture of all his Eftate, to be put out of the Kings Proretfion,and Im. prifonment during the Kings Plea- fure. The Punifliment of Petit furors attainted of giving a Verdift con¬ trary to Evidence wittingly is fevere and terrible; they are condemned to lofe the Franchife or Freedom of the Law, that is, become infamous and of no credit, uncapable of being a Witnefs or of a Jury; their Houfes, E 3 Lands, 7 S %\yt p?ctmt$tatc Lands,and Goods fhall be feifed in¬ to the Kings hands, their Houfes pulled down,their Meadows plough, ed up, their Trees rooted up, ail their Lands layd wafle, arid their Bodies imprifoned. The like Punifhmenc is alfo for thofe who fli ■ II confpire to indift an .Innocent falfly and malicioufly of FihtJ. Any Man or Woman convi&ed, in the BifhopsCcwrt Fine ft, is to be delivered over to the Secular Power,and to be burnt alive. Fell defe , that is one who wit¬ tingly killeth himfelf j is to be buried out of Chriftm Burial with a Stake driven thorow the Corps,and to for¬ feit his Goods. . Drunkards, Vagabonds, &c .are punifhcd by fecting their Legs in the Stocks for certain hours. Scolding Women are to be placed \nzTn bucket, commonly called a Cticking fool, placed over fome deep water, into which they are let down of€«sian^ down and plunged under water thrice, to cool their choler and hear. Other Mifdemeanors are com¬ monly punifht with Imprifon- raents or Fines, and fometimes I with both. As for breaking on the Wheel and other like?Torturing Punifli- mcnts, common in other Chrifiian Countries, the Englifh look upon them as too cruel for Chrifhan Pro- .feffors to nfe. As for putting any to the Rack, (uniefs perhaps in fome Cafes of High-Treafon) it is by the Englifh believed to favour of too much fla- viihnefs ; befides they contemning and defpifing death, and yet not enduring 'Torture, will foonerac¬ knowledge themfelves guilty of any the fotileft Crime whatfoever, then be put to the Rack; and the People not acuftomed to fuch cruelty, would be apt to pity the party tortu¬ red, andabominate the Sovereign and his Judges, for introducing fuch go Xt)e pjefent S)tate a Cuftom ; and the Jury would eafi- !y quit the Prifoner of whatever Confefiion fhould be thus extort¬ ed. , England contains 9725 Parifhes, Numoer now a || ow j n g t0 eac {j parifh one bitam. with another 80 Families, there will be 778000 Families, and to each Family 7 perfons, there will be found in all Five Millions four hundred forty fix thoufand fouls, and amongfl: them about oneMil- lion of Fighting Men. The Englijb Tongue being at pre- rtcir fent much refined, exceedingly «• tteguigep- mS ' txfreffm, and Jignificant , (by reafon of a liberty taken by the Na¬ tives of borrowing out of all other Languages, what ever might con¬ duce thereunto) is (as their blood J a mixture chiefly of the Old Saxm ( a Dialett of the Teutonick .) and the Old Norman ( a Dialett of the French) not without fome favour of Cngianti* of the Brittains, Romans and Danes Languages. 1 he Romans poffe/fing England caufed their Tongue, the Latin once , to be generally ufed in this Countrey. The Saxons fucceeding, introdu- ced their Language wherefoever theyfeated themfelves. The Normans afterwards getting poffellion of England, caufed the Norman or French Tongue to be learnt at School by the Saxons, and for a long time had all Laws , Plead - ings, Sermons, &c. in French. The Latine Tongue at prefent is made ufe of in Court Rolls , Re r cords, Proccjfes of Courts, mChar- itrs, Commiftons, Patents, Writs, Bonds , &c. The Names of all ShiresjCities, Towns, and Villages, Places, and’ Men, in England, are generally Saxonsjm&fo .Temoft,Y«w Jpp e [. lathe, and a great part of the Verbs. In French, or rather Norman, are ftill written the Common Laws, E 5 and 82 %l)z p?efent and learnt by young Students there¬ of. Alfo fome Pleadings , and all Meets and Law Exercifes , are wholly French. In Parliaments the King doth in French fignifie his Af¬ fine ordiflent to all Bills. • suture, Tfhc Natiiiesof England (by re?.- fon of the Temperate Climate , Middle Air, not rendred unequil by high Mountains, and unhealthy by many Mdrjbes . plenty of whol- fome food, and the nfe of Beer ra. ther then Wine) P oar la belle tailk & le Beau teintt art vifage , as the French fay, For a juft handfomi large proportion of body, for deal complexions aftd pleafi'ng feat urn, do furpaft all the Nations of the World. The Englifh are generally gr«! Elejlt-eaters, although by the near • • nels' of 'the ■ Sea and abundance o: ■ Livers '&nT Fifi-pends } there is-r.i want of Fifti. In' former time sheir Table was in many places co ’ " “ ” vere ofCnglanD. 8 a ! vered four times a day; they had Breab-fafls, Dinners, Beverages , and Suppers, and every where fee Dinners and Sappers untill in the late troubles: wherein many emi¬ nent Families were much iropove- riflit; a Cuftom was taken up by feme of the Nobility and Gentry, of eating a more plentiful Dinner , . but little or no Supper ; as on the contrary the Romans and jews an- ciently, and the hotter Climats at this day have little or no -Dinners^ but'iSff Suppers. The Englifli are not now fo much addifted to Glttttonj and Drunken- wfs as of late years, buc unto To¬ bacco more. Feafting alfo is not now fo com¬ mon and profufe as antiently ; for although the Fea(ls at Coronations , at the Jnftallation Knights ohhc Garter , Confccratm of Bifops , Entertainments of Ambaffadors , the Feafts of the Lord Major of London , the Sergeants at Lava, and Readers Feajis in che Imes; of E Q Com 3. s 4 £t)e &>tate Court , are all very fumptuous and magnificent in thefe times,yet com. pared to the Feafls of our Ar.cc- ftursfztm to be but niggardly and Iparing .• (or Richard Earl of Corn- Trail, Brother to Henry 3. had at his Marriage Feaft, as is recorded;! Thirty thoufand Diflies of Meat; and King Richard the Second ata Chriftmas fpent daily 26 Oxen, 303 Sheep, befidesFowl and all other Provifion proportionablySo anti, ently at a Call of Sergeants, each Sergeant ( faith Fcrtefcue ) fpent fix- teen hundred Crowns, which in thofe dayes was more than 1600/, now. The Englifh that feed not over liberally ( whereto the great plenty and variety of Viands- entice them) nor drink much wine , but content themfel ves with Small Ale or Sider, (but efpecially the later ) are obfer- ved to be much more healthy and far longer lived than any of ODr Neighbour Nations. ofCngumti* 85 For Apparrei or Clothing, tile . French Mode hath been generally /ittlre ‘ ufed in England of late years. In the time of Queen Elizabeth fonie- times the High Butch , fometimes th t Spanish, and fometimes the Turkjfi and Morifco Habits , were by the Englijh worn in England when the Women wore Doublets with Pendant Codpieces on the Bread:, full of Tags and Cuts ; moreover Galljg*fcons , Par din. gales , and Stockings ol diversCc- km-s: but fince the Reftauration of the King now raigning, England never faw, for matter of wearing Apparel, lefs prodigality, and more modefty in Clothes, more plainnefi and comelinefs than nmongft her Nobility, Gentry, and Superiour Clergy ; onely the Citizens, the Countrey people, and the Servants, appear clothed for the mod part a- bove and beyond their Qualities, Eftates, or Conditions. Since our lad breach with France, theEnglilh Men (though not the Women ) have $6 pjefrat *Mfc have ’quitted the French Mode,and taken a grave Wear, much accord¬ ing With the Oriental Nations. Rfcreiti- ■. F°r Variety of Divertifements, ons. Sports.and Recreations, no Nation doth Excel the Englifh. The king hath abroad his Forejh, Chafes,znd Parks, full of variety ■ of Game; for Hunting Red and Fallow Deer,Fexes,Otters-fiAvilng his 'Paddock' Courfes ,, Horfe Ractt , See. and at home, Tennis, Balom, Bi/lLtrds , Enter lades, Balls, Masks , &c. The' Nobility and Chief'Gentry have their Parks, ■ Warrens, Decoys, Paddecl^ Cour¬ ts , Horfe-Races, H anting,Cour- ftng, Fijhing , Fowling , Hawking Setting-dogs, Tumblers., Lurchsrs, Ducl^hunting , Cockfighting, Gum for Binding, Low-Bells, Bat-fowl¬ ing, Angling, Hits ftinnis, Bowling, Billiards, Tables, Cbcjfe, Draughts ; Cards, Dice, Catches, ffueflions-, T strpofes, S tage-Plays, Atfaskj, Balls, Dancing, Singing, all forts of. Mu- fsect ofengimtfc* 8 7 fic.il Infiruntents, See. The Citi¬ zens and Peafants have tiand-Ball, Foot-Ball, Skittles, or Nine-Fins, Shovel-board,StoV;-Ball, Gojfe,Trol- Madam, Cudgels, Bear-Baiting, Ball-baiting, Bow and Arrow, Throwing at Cocks, Shuttlecock Bowling, J$uaits, Leaping, Wrtft- ling. Pitching the Bar, and Ring¬ ing of Bells, a Recreation uefd in no other Countrey of the World. Amongft thefe Cock-F ighting feeras to ail Forreigners too cbiid- ijb and unfuitable for the Gentry 9 and for the Common People, Bull¬ baiting , and Bear-baiting feem too rm/,and for the Citizens,JW-2?*//, and throwing at Cocks, very un¬ civil, rude and barbarous ,within the City. Novninatjuaft Notamina ,Names Engl ifi were firft impofed upon Men for di- Hums. ftinftion fake by the fews at their Circumcifm, by the Romans at the pth day after Birth, and by the ChriJiianj at the Baptifme ; of fuck figni- 8 s %l)t pjcftne fignification for the moft part tha might denote the future good Iiopj or good wifhes of Parents towarj their Children. The Englifli Names of B a ptif m are generally either Saxon, as fo ten Richard, Henry, William Edward, Edmund, EditingGilbert, Walter, Leonard, &c. which art all very fignificative; or elfeoutoi the Old and New Tefiament ai Abraham, Jfaack, Jacob, him, Thomas, lames See. Or fomctimei the Mothers Surname, and rarelt two Chriftian Names,which yet isu- fual in other Countreys,efpeciallv in Germany. iummts Names fuper-added to the Chri. ftian Names the French call S» noms{ i. e.) fupernomina. rile Hebrews, Greeks, and moll other ancient Nations; had no Sur¬ names ht to their Families as is tnefe days, but counted thus, for example among the Hebrews, Ml- chl fen Hddi, Adds Ben Cafam,& c,' So the Britain, Hugh ap Owen, OWtn ofCngianD* Owen tip Rheje, fo the I rift Ned mac G», Con mac Dtrmott, &c. As Chriftian Names were firft given for diftinftion of Perfons, fo Surnames for diftinftion ofFa- milies. About Anno IOOO the French Nation began to take Surnames with de prefixt of a place, and k prefixt for fome other qualification • asat this day is their ufual manner. The Englifh alfo took to themfelves Surnames, but not generally by the Common People, till the Raign of Edro- i. Great Offices of Honour have brought divers Surnames, as Ed¬ ward Fitz.-Theob.dd being long ago made Butler of Ireland, the Duke of Ormond and his Anceftors de¬ fended from him,took the Surname of Butler ; fo fohn Count Tanqttir- •vile of Normandy being made Chamberlain to the King of Eng¬ land abovei oo years ago, his De¬ fendants of Sherbern Cattle in Ox- " ford- of€nfiUm& 91 chir.fon, &c. Many alfo were fur- named from their Trade, as Smith, fijner, Weaver,, Walker, that is Fnl- Itr in Old Engiifli; and Gof, that is Smith in Welfh, &c. Or from their Offices, as Porter, Steward, Shpheard-, Carter , Spencer, that is Steward , Cook,, Butler 5 Kemp , • that is in Old Englifh Soldier: Or from their place of Abode, as Vn- tkmod, Vndcrhil, alfo Atwood, Atwell, A thill-, which three lafi; are (hrunk into Wood, Wells , Hills : Or from their Colour or Com¬ plexion, as Fairfaix , that is Fair hckj-, Pigot, that is Speckled; Blunt or Bland, that is Flaxen Hair ; fo from Birds, as Arundel, that is Shallow; Corbet, that is Raven: Wren, Finch, Woodcock,, &c. fo from Beafts, as Lamb, Fox-, Moyle, that is Mule. The Normans at their firft com¬ ing into England brought Surnames for many of their Gentry with dc prefixes the .French Gentry doth generally at this day,and their Chri- ftian | orotttgiano* n kn, Biron, Bruges, Clifford,Berks Itj, Arcy, Stourton, Morley, Court- r.tj, Grandifon, Haftings,tkc.which antiently had all de prefixt, but of later times generally neglefted or made one word as Dtvertux , Dar¬ cy &c. In England at the beginning of Englifi Chriftianity they counted as all o- Co ™P u - ther Chriftians, according to the Utl<>n ‘ then Roman Account by Olympi¬ ads orfpace of five years 4 After¬ wards {intheRaign of Conftantine thefirft Chriftian Emperour) by /«- dittim or Fifteen years; at length n the Raign of the Emperour Jujli- m, 532 years after Chrifts In- rarnation(and not before) all Chri- lians generally began to count ab dm Chrifli Incarnati ; at -which ime one Dmjfim Exigum or Ab- k, a worthy Roman, had finifiic 1 Cycle for the Observation of Ea¬ ter, which was then generally re- ’ ' rived., and is ftill obferved by the )hurcfc of England i the ground whereof 5?4 Xi)e pjelent State whereof is this. The Vernal Equi¬ nox at that time was accounted to be the 21 of March, and byconft. qnence mu ft be the earlieft Full Mm, and then March the 8 muft be the earlieft Nov Moon-, and A- ■pril the 18 the lateft Full Moon-, which happening on a Sunday (as it will when the Dominical Letter is C. and the Golden Number 8 ) then Eafler that year will be April 25. So when the New Moon (hall be on March 2. ( as it will when the Do¬ minical Letter is D\ and the Gol¬ den Number 16 ) then Eafier will be on the 22 March, as was in the year 1668. But the Romifli Church inventing new Rules for finding of Eafier, ii happens fometimes that their Eafia is full 5 weeks before ours, and fometimes with ours, but never af¬ ter ours ; for Pope Gregory the 1 3 tb in the year 1582, having obferved that upon exadt account the year contained above 365 • days, not full 6 hours ( as had been from the o£€n0iatt& time of ful'm C&[ar hitherto reckoned) bur only 5 hours49 mi-, nutesand 16 feconds, and that this difference of almoft u minutes in the fpace of about 134years,maketh one whole day,which not confidered fince tbe Regulation of Eafter, had brought back the year atlealF 10 idays; infomuch that the Vernal Equinox which was at firft on the 21 of March, was now on the 1 ith of March ; by reafon whereof fometimcs 2 Full Moons part be¬ tween the Equinox and Eafter, con¬ trary to the primitive Infliturion thereof, - which'was, that Eafter fhould always be obferved on the Sunday following the firft Full Moon after the Vernal Equinox, Pope Gregory then having obferved thefe inconveniences, refolved at once to take away 10 days, and that out of the Moneth of oBober , by calling the 5 th day thereof the 15th and that for that year thofe Feftivals which fe|l in thofe 10 days, which by reafon of the Vintage time were 9 6 but few, fliould be celebrated upon the ij, 16, and 17th days of that Moneth. And that the Equinox might never retrocede for the future, it was then provided that every 400 years 3 E if ex tile years ftiould be left out, that is, in the years 1700 1800, and 1900, and fo again in 2100, 2200,and 23 00, leaving the year 200 to have its E ifexiile,ani fo every 4 ooth year. The Englilh Nation, as all other States that withdrew themfelves from under the Eilhop of Romt's ufurped Authority , before thefaid year 1582, except Holland and Zealand, obferve ftill the antient Account made by Julius Cafarft years before the Birth of Chrift - and is therefore called the Old Style® Julian Account : the other obferved by thofe. ftill uuder the Rornijh Yoke, is called the Neve Style or Gregorian Account ,• and is ( by rea- fon of the aforefaid 10 days taken away) 10 days before ours for the ofengiank beginning of Moneths, and for all Fixe Feltivals; but various for all Moveable Feftivals. Eafter and the othjer Movtdlt Flap in England, are moft certain¬ ly thus found. Skrtvt-Ttttfday w always the firft THoftday after the firft New Mom after January , ex¬ cept that New Moon happen on a Tut [day then.the next is shrave- Tuefday , and the Sunday following is §mdrageftma, and the Sixth.Sun- day after is Eapr Day, and the Fifth Sunday after Eafter is Rogati¬ on Sunday , and the Thurfday fot-' lowing , being 40 days after the Refurrcftion, is Afcent'm day j ro days after which, or 50 days after Eafter is Pentccoft or Whitfmday, and the Sunday following is Trinity Sunday which Computation of the Church of England agrees' with all the Eaftern CnriftiahChurches, for they and we find E after by the Rules which were generally recei¬ ved by all Chriftendom , Anno 532, and ever fince,till 1582, it was alter- 97 p8 %%% patent ^>tate ed by the Pope, as aforefaid,yet can¬ not it be denied but that this old Computation is become erroneous; for by our Rules ,two EafterrmW beobferved in one year, as in the year 1667., aninot one Eafter to beobferved this following year; as tliis Author obfer ved formerly in his Propofals to the Parliament. ' Advent Sunday hath a peculiar Rule ,. .and is always the fourth Sunday before Chriftmafs Day , or the neareft-Sunday to St. Andrews, whether before .or after. • - , •The year in England according toth eCjclfs of the'.S^andyJ/cM, and acbprding.to/d/^wrfc^,']begins onthefirft of January ; bu^.theEn- ^lifli .Church and State begins the year, from the day .of - C,brills Incur naticn-viz. 0,11 the 25th of March,\ which'alfo' is.obfer ved in Spain ; .yei the Portums (as diyers \ ountiw in Africa) begin their year on the 29th of Auguft, tWemtiamM the firft of March according to the EpaU, the Grattans on the longell • r dav. ofCngtonD* P9 day, as the old Romans did on the (horteft day ; which -two laft .feem to have moft-reafon.,beginning juft 1 ft the Periodical daydf. the Suns return. . . The Natural day confifting of 24hours-, is begun in England ac Midmjht , v Wd-counted iby 12 hours to Mid'daj-\ and : againby:i2 hours tohext ^Midnight '-i 1 whereas in Italy; Ttihetriia,'Poland, and Tome other Gouhtreys, their account is from Sun-fetting by 24 of th,ei%k to the next Sun-feting /arfdW/$- rmberg and WiHmbera^%d- mnj , according'to the 0&&&7. MwAccount: th'gy begin acthefirff hour after Suh-rlfing,; to couRt one 'of the Clock, and fo again at the firft hour-afterSun-fer. Probably there was a time when Ennifh thofeNames of Nmiser now in life Mum- amongft all eivilized : Nations were brin i‘ unknown , and men applied their Fingers-of one or both : Hantats of, and thence it may be that the Numeral words' are but Ten in any Nation, : and in feme Nations but arid then they begin again,as after decern , undecim , dnodecim , The Hebrew and the Greeks in- ftead of Numeral Words .ufed the Letters of their Alphabets , begin: ing again after the Tenth Lei ;er. The Latines made, ufe onely. of 7 of their Capital Alphabet , viz. MDCLXVI, all com- prehended in this Figure, 1/v J and all made, ufe of in the fame order, in the late year .1666, which never did hap; pen before, nor ever will happen a- gain. The E uglify (as all the Weftern Chriftian World till about 400 years ago) ufed only Numeral'Words m all-Writings ; butfince ufe the#- gurts 1, 2,- 3, &c. which the Chrifli- ans learnt firft of the Maurts otA- rabs, and they of the Indians. CHAP. CHAP. Iir. of the Gsvirmenttf ENG¬ LAND in general. O F Governments there can.be but three Kinds, for either One, or More, or All, mud have the Soveraign Power of a Nation. If One, then it isi Monarchy, If More (thatfis,an Aflembly of Choice PerfonsJ then it is an Ariftocracj- If All (that is, the General Aflein- blyof the People) then it is a Si- mocracj. or f.il Governments the Monar¬ chic.!, as mod refembling the-Di- vinity, and neared, approaching to! fufdiion (Unity being the perfe¬ ction of all things) hath ever been edeemed the mod excellent.' ’Owe a-jaiiv mW/Mey/tn ; U f *#- &■»& for- ' • 'hs — F 3 Ttr . ■102 %tytr p^eCme £>tatc For the tranfgrejjions of a Land, many are the Princes or Rulers there¬ of, Prov. 28. 2. Of Monarchies fome are Defpo- tical, where the Subjed s like Ser¬ vants are at the Arbitrary Power and Will of their Soveraign, as the Turks and Barbarians: Others Po¬ litical Ot Paternal, where the Sub- j'edts like Children under a Father, are governed by equal and juft Laws contented and fworn unto by the King; as is done by all Chriftian Princes at tiieir Coronations. Of Paternal Monarchies, fome arc Hereditary, where the Crown yfs the defcends either only to Heirs Male, p/etTJd as in Frme ’ 0r ne “ C B ' 00C * ’ as from their i n Spain, England, &c. Others Lams a- ElcEHve , whereupon the death of //fee. ev ery Prince, without refpeifthad to the Heirs or nest of Blood, an¬ other by Solemn Election is ap¬ pointed to fucceed , as in Poland and Hungary ; and till of late in Den¬ mark. and Bohemia. Of Hereditary Paternal Monar- chies ] orengiaia i, chics , fome are dependent and j holden of Earthly Potentates, and j are obliged to do Homage for the fame •, as the Kingdoms of 'Scot' land (though this be fiifly denied by Scotch Writers) and of Man, that held in Capite of the Crown of England, and the Kingdom of Na- pits , holden of the Pope ; others independent, holden only of God, acknowledging no other Superior upon Earth. England is an Hereditary Pater¬ nal Monarchy, governed by one Supreme, Independent, and Vndepo- [die Head, according to the known Laws and Cufloms of the King¬ dom. It is a Free Monarchy j challeng¬ ing above many other European Kingdoms, a freedom from all fub- jeftion to the Empermr or Laws of the Empire • for that the Roman EmperoHrs obtaining antiently the Dominion of this Land by force of Arms ; and afterwards abandoning theiame.j the Right by the Law of F 4 Nations io 4 X'oe pzeftm 5>tate. Nations returned to the former Owners pro dm lift o, as Civilians jpeak. It is a Monarchy free from all manner of Subje&ion to the Bifhtp of Rowe, and thereby from divers inconvenienqes and burdens, under which the neighbouring Kingdoms groan: as Appealstc Rome infundry Ecclefofitd Suits , Fnviftony, and D ifpen fattens, in feveral cafes to be procured from thence; many Tri¬ butes and Taxes paid to that Bi- Ihop.tfv. It is a Monarchy free from all In¬ terregnum , and with it from many mifehiefs whereunto Eledtive King¬ doms are fubjeft. England is fuch a Monarchy, as that, by the necelTaryfubordinate Concurrence of the Lords and Com¬ mons in the making and repealing all Statutes or Adis of Parliament, it hath the main advantages of an . Orifice racy and of a Democracy, and yet free from thedifadvantagesanu evils of either. It oF€togian&; _i 0 $ It is fuch a Monarchy, as by a raoft admirable temperament affords very much toth cbtduftrj. Liberty and Hapfitte/s of the Sdjetl , and rcferves enough for the Majejlj and prerogative of any King that will own his People as Subjefts, not as Slaves. It is a Kingdom that of all the Kingdoms of the World is mod like the Kingdom otfifns Chrifl j whofc yoke is eafie.whole burden is light. It is a Monarchy that without in¬ terruption hath been continued al- moft 1000 years, (and till of late) without any attempts of change of that Government: fo that to this fort of Government the Englilh leem to be naturally inclined, and therefore during the late Boult- vtrfatim or over-turnirigs, when all the Art that the Devil or Man could imagine , was induftrionfly made ufe of to change this Monar¬ chy into a Democracy , this King¬ dom into a Common-wealth, the mod and the bed of Englilhmen, F S the io 6 pjclettt -State the general Spirit and ^Genius of the Nation (notfo much the Presbyte¬ rian or Royaliftft)by mighry,though invifible, influence, concurred at once to reftore their exiled Sove- raign. artd re-eftablifh that antient Government,' CHAP, io.7 afCnglmiD. CHAP. IV. of the KING of ENG¬ LAND, and therein of His Name j Title , Arms > Dominions , Patrimony , Re¬ venue , and Strength: of his Perfon , Office , Power, Prero- gatwe^Sufremacy^Soveraign- ty 3 Divinity , and Peffett. T He 7 tate taxmans ttrcumjacentis , cunttarum- qtte Nationum qua infra cam inch- duntur, Imferator & Dominus. The Modern Title more modeft, is, DeiGratia of ’England, Scotland, France 2.n& Ireland King, Defender - of the Faith, The King onely is Dei Gratia firaply (i. e.) from the favour of none but God ; and the Archbi- Chops and Bifhops,. to whom', that Title is given, mult undeeftand, Dei gratia & Regis , or Dei gratia & velumatt Regis. Defender of the F?ith ; was an- riently ufed by the Kings of Eng land i as appears by feveral Char¬ ters granted to the Univerfity of Oxford, but in the year 1521 more sffixt by a Bull from Pope Leo the Tenth for a Book written by Hem) the Eighth againft Z-«/W, in de¬ fence of fome points of the Romifh Religion-, butfince continued by Aft ®f Parliament for defence of the. A» dent Catholic^, iniJpifiilick.Faitk Irk ofCtistonD. Primogenim Ecclcfta belong* to the Kings of E ngknd, becaufe their Predeceffor Lucius was the firft King that embraced Chriftianity. Chrifiianifmus was by the La- ttrfin Council under Pope fulius the 2d, conferred on the Kings of E»jf- /Win the Jth year oiHenrj the 8th though before ufed by Henry the 7th and fince only by the French King- The Title of Grficc was firft given to the King about the time of H. 4. to H. 6 . Excellent Grace to Ed. 4. High und Mighty Prince, to Hen. 3. firft Highnefs then Majcflj , and now Sficre^Mfijejly ; after the Cu- llom of the Eaftern Emperours, that ufed 'A yid BfiSIMltt. The King of England in his Pub- lick Inftruraents and Letters, ftiles himfelf Nos , We , in the Plural Number; before King fohn's time the Kings ufed the Singular Number, which Cuftom is ftill feen in the 110 %\)t pjefcnt In fpeaking to the King is ufed often (betides Tour Majefly) Syr, from Cjr, in the Greeks Kvf an Ab¬ breviation of Ku'p©- and Kuei©-, Dir minus , muchufed to the Greek, Em- perours; but Syr or Dorn'm is now in England become the ordinary word to all of better rank, even from the King _ to the Gentleman, Itwasantiently in England given to Lords, afterwards to Knights, and to Clergymen, prefist before their Chriftian blames ; no,w in that man¬ ner only to baronets and Knights of the Bath , and Knights Batch lours: yet in France SyrOt Sjre is referved only for their King. About the time that our Saviour lived on Earth, therewasajewifh Seft, whofe Ring-leader was one Judas of Galilee , mentioned Afls 5. 37. that vyould not give this Title of Sir or- Dominus to any man • affirm¬ ing that it was proper only to God, and.fjood jfnflt unlike o.ur new Fa- naticks, called Quakers ) {o' per- yerfely for iuch Nominal Liberty, (being of€risiant» n, 1 (being in Other points' rfieer.fjwni-, , fees) that no penalties could force ; them to give this honorary Title to | any man } no not to the Emperour; ! uti videreeft apttd fofephtm & film. j Sedhce obiter. | ArmsareEnlignsof Honour born Am . | in Shield> for difhndlion of Families, I and dependable as hereditary to Pofterity-, but were not fixed gene¬ rally in,£»|£W nor France rill after the Wars tin the Holy-Land, about | 400 years ago, unlefs it were.in the Kings of Europe. T he.Saxon Kings before the Con- quell' bare Azure a Crofe Ferny betwebn four Martlets Or. Afterward the Ddnijb Kings jaignibg in England bare Or-Semi dc Harts Gules , 3 Lyons Faff ant Gardant Azure. After .the Conqueft the Kings of England bare two Leopards, born firit *by ;theCOnquerour as Duke of Normandy, .till.the time of Hen. z. who, in rightaof his Mother annexe her j 2 Xlje parent §>tm her Paternal Coat, the Ljon of A- qnitaine, which being of the fame Field, Metal, and Form with the Leopards, from thenceforward they were joyntly marlhalled in one Shield, and Blamed 3 Ljons, as at prefent. King Edward the Third in right of his Mother claiming the Crown of France, with the Arms of Eng¬ land quartered the Arms of France, which then were Azure , Sent) Florver-deluces Or : afterwards changed to 3 Flotoer deluces: where¬ upon H 5. of England caufed the JLuglijb Arms to be changed like- wife: King fames upon the Union of England and Scotland, caufed the :Ariiis Of France and England to be quartered with Scotland and Ireland, and are thus blazoned: The King of E»£/Wbearethfor his Soveraign Enjigns Armorial as followeth: . In the firft place Azure,! Flomr- deluces Or ; for the Regal Arms of France quartered with the Imperial En- ofCnsianfc ii 3 Enfigns of England, which arc Guhs three Lyons Pajfant Gar Lou i» Pale Or. In the fecond place, within a double Trejfun counter preered de lys Or , a Lyon rampant Gules for the Royal Arraes: of Scot¬ land. In the third place, Azure an Irifi Harp Or, fringed Urgent, for the Royal Enfigns of Ireland, In the fourth place as in the firft, AH within the Garter , the chief Enfign of that moll Honourable Order, a- bove the fame an Helmet anfwera- ble to His Majellies Soveraign Jurif- diftion; upon the fame a'rioi Matt- tie of Cloth of Gold doubled Er¬ mine , adorned with an Imperial Crown, and furmounted for a Creft by a Lyon Pajfant Gardant Crowned with the like ; fupported by a Lyon Rampant Gardant Or, Crowned as theformer, and an Unicom Argent . Gorged, with a Crown • thereto a Chain affixt , palling between his fore-legs and reflext over his back Or; both Handing upon a Compart¬ ment placed underneath, and in the i 4 patent £>tiuc Table of the Compartment His Majefties Royal Motto, Diea & men Droit. The Supporters ufed before the Union of England and Scotlanl were the Dragon and Ljon. The Arms of France placed firft, for that France is the greater King¬ dom , and becaufe from the firil bearing, thofe Flowers have been alwayes Enpgns of a Kingdom ; whereas the Arms of England were originally of Dukedoms as afore- faid- The Motto upon the Garter, Honi foit cjui mal j pnfe that is, Shame he to him that evil then if thinkcth, was firft given by Edwd 3. the Founder of that Order, who at firft made a folemn Invitation to the moft lllutlrious Martial Perfons of Europe to be of this new Order, arid that none might believe his de- fign therein was any other than juft and honourable, he caufed thofe words to be wrought in eyery Gar¬ ter that he bellowed 5 whereof mort ofengiank n$ tuorein the Chapter' of Knights of the Garter. : The Motto Blest & men Broit, jthac is, God and my Right, was firft |iven by Richard the Fir ft , to inti¬ mate,that the King of England hold- phis Empire not in Vaflallageof !any mortal man, but of God only ; land'after taken up by Edward 3, when hefirft claimed the Kingdom of France. The Antient Dominions of the Domini* Rings of England , were fir ft Eng- w. lad and all the Seas round about Great Britain and Ireland , and all the Ifles adjacent , even to the Shores ofall the Neighbour-Nations; and our Law faith the Sea is of the Li- lime of the King, as Well as the Land: and as a mark thereof, all Ihips of Foreigners have antiently demanded leave to fifh and pafs in thefe Seas, and do at this day Lomr their Top-failes to all the Kings Ships of War; and therefore chil¬ dren born upon thofe Seas (as it fome- ii 6 %\)t parent &UU fomecimes hath happened) are at counted natural born fubje&s d the King of England, and need no Naturalization, as others born oat of his Dominions. To England Henry i. anncn Normandy , and Henry 2. Ireland, being (filed only Lord of Ireland til 33 H. 8. although they had al Kingly Jurifdiftion before. Henry i. alfo annext the Duke- domes of Gmen and Anjou, tht Counties of Turein,M Mayn. Edward-the firfi S-WiVahi, and Edward theThird the Right; ‘ though not 'the poflefiion of all France. King fames added Scotland, jffli fince that time there have beemftr per-added fundry confiderablePlan' rations in America. The Dominions of the King of England are at this day in Poffeffioii (belides his juft Right and Title to the Kingdom of Eranee) all Eng¬ land, Scttland , and Ireland , Three Kingdoms of large extent, with all tk of€ttgitm 11 7 ihelfles, above 40 in number fmall andgreat ; whereof fome very con- fiderable: and all the Seas adjacent. Moreover thelflands oV} erfam¬ ity , nnd-Jldernj, Parcel of the Dutchy of Normandy, befidesthofe profitable Plantations of New Eng¬ land, Virginia, Barbados , Jamaica, 'Florida, Bcrmndos , New Nether¬ lands , befides feyeral other Ifles and Places in thofe Quarters, and fome in the Eaft-Indies and upon theCoaft of Africa-, alfo upon the main-land of America, by right of firftdifcovery: to BJkitland, Ter¬ rs Cvrterialis New-foftnd-land, Guiana , the King of England hath a Legal Right, 'tho ugh not Pof- feffion. King William the Conqnerour Pttrimt- j getting by right of Conqueft all the»/. Lands of England (except Lands be¬ longing to the Chnrcb, to Monafte- ries, and Religious Houfes) into his own hands in Bcmcfnc, as Law¬ yers fpeak, Icon bellowed amongfl: his I 20 %l)t pjeCent State cordingly with the Kings Confem.ai the humble requeft of the Loris and Commons, there was eflablift by Impolts upon Imported and Es. ported Goods, upon Liquors dratl in E nglani , arid upon Fire-Heartbs, fo much as was judged would bring up the former impaired Crown Rt- verities to the faid fumrri. No! withlbariding which, the whole year¬ ly Revenues of the Kiiig of £«[ land. are riot above the Twelfth pm of the Revenues of his Kingdom! whereas the King of France hail yearly above One hundred and fiftj Millions of Livers, that is, ab'oul Eleven Millions of Pounds Sterling arid above a Fifell part of the whole Revenues of France. If this Revenue of ou: King bi truly paid to the King, and brought into the Kings Exchequer (thil great Sea, whereinfo fo many Ri¬ vers and Rivolets empty themfelve, and from whence are exhaled by the .Sun thofe kind vapors, wherewith is watered this whole Land , anJ whercbj OfCttglilttD* whereby all His Majefties Land and Sea Forces (by whofe vigilar/cy we Beep quietly in our Beds) are main¬ tained ; and whereby do fubfift the feveral Courts of the King and Roy¬ al Family (by which the Honour and Splendor of this Nation is pre¬ ferred) the feveral Ambaffudours abroad , Great Officers of the Crown, and Judges at home, &c.) If this Revenue be truly paid and brought into the Exchequer , it is fure that in all Europe there isnp one Treafury, that wi chiefs deceit, or lefscharge of Officers, doth re-im- burfe the fame. It was complained by Hen. 4. of hme , 9 ue les defpens quefaify- at Its Officien de l’ Efpagne montoj- at a pita que laTaille ■ That the Charges of the Exchequer Officers exceeded the Income ; and that there were then Thirty thoufand Officers to colled and waic on the Revenues: whereas there cannot be any other juft complaint in Eng- W, but only that the neceffuy G Charges ■ 2 22 %l)t patent §>tate Charges of the Crown are of late fo great, that the Kings fettled Re. venue cannot defray them- and yet too many of his Subjects grudge to have tliofe Revenues augmented, looking upon every little payment through a Magnifying Glafs, where¬ by it appears a great Grievance, and never making ufe of thofeProfpe- ftive Gaffes (Moral and Civil Sci¬ ence ) whereby they might fee afar off the calamity that is coming on like an armed man , and cannot without fuch payments be prevent¬ ed. The King of England's Revenues were never r»ifed by any of thole fordid bafe wayes ufed in other Countries, as byfale of Honours, . file of Magiftracies j faleof Offices of Juftice and Law ; by Merchant ling, by a General Import upon all manner of Victuals and Clothes, by fm'rtos fccos , or Import upon ail Goodsat the entrance into any In¬ land County, or Inland City; by Penfions from Confederates,. upon pretence of Prote&ion, &c. Hot cfCnffianD* !23 But the Revenues of the King of \E»£la»d confift either in Demefnes |(as afore) or in Fee Farm Rents' in Lands belonging to the Principa¬ lity of Wales, Dutchy of Cornwall and Dutchy of Lancafter, in Tenths and FirlKFruits, in Reliefs, Pines Amercements, and Confifcations■ |but more efpecially of late in thole few Impods afore-mentioned. I I The mighty power of the KingWr^/f,. of Inland before the Conjunftion [ of Scotland , and total fubjefticn of rtl.vJ , which were ufually at en¬ tity with him , was notorioufly nown to the World, and fufficient- I’felt by our Neighbour-Nations: Vhat his Strength hath been face, jras never fully tried by King Jaws pr King Charles the Fir ft, their Par- 'hments and People hiving upon all ccafions been refractory, and uvarting thofe good Kings defigns; a now, that the Parliaments of ail e Three Kingdoms feem to vie 3Ct)e$ctcnt State with their Sovereign’s Defires and Defigns, itis not eafie to compre¬ hend what mighty things His Maje. fty now raigning might attempt and effeft But let him be confidered abftraftly.as King only ofE^/W, which is like a huge Fortrefs or Gar- rifoned Town, fenced not only with ltt ong Works, her Port-Towns .with a wide and deep Ditch the Sea, bu; guarded alfo with excellent Out- Works , the llrongeft and bed- built Ships of War in the World; then fo abundantly furnifht within with Men and Horfe , with Viftual; and Ammunition, with Clothes ad Money, that if all the Potentate of Europe fhoutd confpire fiwhid God forbid) they could hardly d:- flrcfs it. Her home-bred Wares 0 fuficient to maintain her , and mthin but her home-bred Wars enough tub ft This for the Defenfive Strengthc the King of England, now for li Offenfive Puitfance-, howformidt ble mufi he be to the World, whe the of€tiflianD* they (lull undefflaiid tli.it the King of Ea^/Wis well able , when ever he is willing, toraife of Englifh men Two hundred thoufand , and of Hnglifh Horfe Fifty thoufind (for fo many during the late Rebellion, were computed to be in Arms on both (ides) yet (which is admirable) f arce any mifs of them rn any City, Town or Village ; and when they (ball conlider that the valiant and martial Spirit of the Englifh, their natural agility of Body, their pati¬ ence, hardinefs, and ftedfaftnefs is fnch, and their fear of death fo lit¬ tle, that no Neighbour-Nation up¬ on equal number and terms fcarce durft ever abide Battel with them ei¬ ther at Sea or at Land ; when they (hall confider, that fortranfporcing of an Army, the King of England hath at command ioo excellent Ships of War, and can hire 200 (lout Englifh Merchant Ships, littl6 inferiour to fhips of War, that he can foon man the fame with the heft Sea-foldiers (if not .the bed G 3 Mariners- Mariners) in the whole World. And that for maintaining iuch a mighty fleet fufficient money for a competenttwe maybe raifed only by a Land Taxe , and for a Zwj lime by a moderate Excife upon fudi Commodities only as naturally occi- lion Excefs or Luxury, Wantonnefs, Idlenefs, Pride, or Corruption^ Manners. In a word, when they fhall con- fider, tint by the mod commodi¬ ous and advantageous Scituadon ol England, the King thereof mud be Mailer of the Sea, and that as on Land, whofoever is Mailer of the Field,is faid to be alfo Mader of eve¬ ry Town when it fhall pleafehiai; fo he that is Mailer of the Sea, miy be faid in fomefort to be Matter of the Worldfor lie is at liberty to begin or end a War, where, when, and upon what Term/he pieafeth, and to extend his Conqueds even to the Antipodes. nl engima 127 Rex Anglia eft Perfona mixta Pcrjon, 'em Sacerdote , fay our Lawyers. He is a Prietl as well as a King. He is anointed with Oyle , as the Priefls were at firlt, and afterward the Kings of Ifracl ; to intimate that his Perfon is S acred zni Spiri¬ tual : and therefore at the Corona¬ tion hath put upon him a Saeerds- tttl Garment called the Dalmatica, or Colebium , and other .Prieflly Veils; and before the Reformation of England, when the Cup in the Lords Supper was denied to the La* ity, the King as-a Spiritual Perfon received in both kinds: He is ca¬ pable of Spiritual furifdittion , oE holding of Tjtbes-, all Extra-Pa- nchialTjthes , fome Proxies, and other Spiritual Profits belong to the King; of. which Lay men both by Common and Canon Law are pro¬ nounced uncapable. He is an-External Bijbop of the Church, as Confianttne theEmpe- rourjaid. ofdiirafelf , ™ 128 %l)t pjcfcttt &tate iwo'f veto #=-« xet9i?tt^sVof ’E-rirxswti at Yiui . But I am conlhtuted Bijhcf for external things of the Church. Rex idem bominnm Rbabiqut Siccrdes. He is, as the Roman Emperors, Chriftian as well as Heathen, Ailed therafelves, Bcntifex Max. He is the Supreme Pafter of England, and hath not only Right of Ecclefiaftical Government, but alfo ofexercifing fome Ecclefiaftical Tunftion , fo far as Solomon did, i Kings 8. when he blefled the People, confecrated the Temple, and pronounced that Prayer which is the Pattern now for Confecration of ail Churches and Chappels ; but all the Minifterial Offices belong to the Biftsofs and PrieSU , as the Adminiftration of Sacraments, Preaching; and other Church Offices and Duties. Of this Sacred Bcrfon of the King i of the /»y> and fafety thereof, the Laws and Cuftoms of England are fo tender, that they have made it High Treafm , onely to imagint or intend the dea$h of the King* of englanD* And becaufe by imagining or ccn- fpiring the death of die King9 Cotmr fellers or Great Officers of his Hou- fiold, the deftruftion of the King hath thereby fometimes enfued,and isufually aimed at (faith Scut. 3 7.) that alfo was mad efelonj, to be puniiht with death, although in all otiier Cafes Capital the Rule is, Vo¬ luntas non reftttabitttrfro fatto , and an Engliih Man may not in other Cafes be punifht with death, unleft the Aft follow the Intent. The Law of England, hath fo high. efteem of the Kings, Perfon , that to offend againft tbofe Perfons and thofe things that reprefent his Sit' md Perfon, as to kill fome of the Crown Officers , or the Kings Judges executing their Office,. or to coun¬ terfeit the Kings Seals, or Ins Mo- ntjs, is made Higb-Treafon ; be¬ caufe by all thefe the Kings Perfon is reprefented: and High-Trcafon is in the Eye of the Law fo horrid, that befides lofs of Life and Honour, Real and.Perfonal Eftateco the Cri- G 5 tainal,. i 3 o %l)t minal, his Heirs alfoare co lofe the (ame for ever, and to be ranked a* mongft the Pcafantry and Ignoble , till the King (hail pleafe to reilore them. I ft e mm tarn grave crimen (frith BraSlon) ut t>ix pemittatin hireilihm tjnoi vivant. High Trea. fon ts fo grievous a Crime, that the Law not content with the Life and Eflate and Honour of the Criminal, can hardly endure to fee his heirs furvive him. And rather than Treafon againft the Kings Perfon (hall go unpunifht, theLnnocent in fome Cafes (hall be punched-, for if an Idiot or Luna- tick(who cannot be faid to have any will, and fo cannot offend} during ■ his Idiocy or Lunacy, (hall kill, or •go about to kill the King, lie fhall be punifhc as a Traytor • and yet being Hon compos mentis, the Law holds that he cannot commit Felony or Petit-Treafon,nor other, forts of Kigh-Treafon. Moreover, for the precious re¬ gard of the P erf on of tlieifh/j, by n df'CnglmtD; 132 air Antieiit Record it is declared,that no Phjfick, ought to be adminiftred EO him, without good Warrant , this Warrant to be figned by the Ad¬ vice of his Cornell • no other Phy. lick but what is mentioned in. the • WarrAat to adminiftef to him^ the Tljjftians to' prepare all-things ■ with their own Iiaiids,' and not by the hands of any Apothecary ; and to life the aflifiance only of fucb - cMmgeer.s as are preferibed in the Warranc -■ Ar.d fo precious is the Perfiu and Life oftheKing, that everySubjeft is obliged' a'hd bound by his Allege- • ancc to defend liis Perfon in his A r a- tural as well as Politick, Capacity, . with his own Life and Limbs ^ wherefore the Law faith, that the life and Member of every' Subject is at the fervice of the Sovereign. He is Pater P atria & Dulse erjt- pro Patre Patria mori,■ to lofe life or - limb i njdefending him from Confpi- racies, Rebellions, or invafions, or allifting him in the Execution of . %%% p^Cent £>tatc his Laws, fliould feem a pleafant thing to every loyal hearted Sub- jeft. .. The Office of the King of Eng¬ land in the Laws of King Edm r i the Confejfor is thus defcribed, Rex quia. Kicaritu furhm Regis eft , ad hit Conftituitur sit Regnum tcrreiwm & popiilsim Dcmini & fuptr otiink San- Bam Eccleftam tjus vcneretur, regit & ab iisjuriofts defends ; and (ac¬ cording to the Learned Fortefcm) is, Psignare bella popali fui,& tin rchijftme judicare. To fight the Battels of his People , and to fee Right and Juftice done unto them. Or (according to another) it is to proteft and govern his People , fo that they may (if poflible) lead qui- ec and peaceable lives in all Godli- nefs and Honefty under him. Or more particular (as is promi- fed at the Coronation) to preferve the Rights and Friviledgcs of 'the Church and Clergy, the Rdjal Pn- rsgjttives belonging to the Crown, the OfCttSfanD* 133 the LaW's and Customs of the Realm, todojuflice, fliew Mercy, keep Peace and Unity, &e. The King for the better perfor- p w „ manceof this great and weighty of- ani Pre-J fee, hath certain Jura Majefiatis mgitivt, extraordinary Powers, Preeminen- cies, and Priviledges, inherent in the Crown, called anciently by Lawyers Smya Sacrorum , and Flowers of the Crown, but commonly fojal Prerogatives ; whereof fome theKing holds by. the I*}? olNa¬ irn, others by Common Law, ex¬ cellent above all Laws' in upholding afree Monarchy, and exalting the Kings Prerogative) and fome by Statute-LaW. The King only, and the King a- ' lone, by his Royal Prerogative,hath Power without Aft of Parliament to declare War , make Peace, fend and receive Ambaffadours , make Leagues and Treaties with any Fo¬ reign States, give Commifftons for Itvjing Men and Arms by Sea and , 34 %\)i pjefrnt g>tm. Land, or for prefling Mep if need require; difpofe of kll Magazines, Ammunition , Cajlles, Fort'rejfes, Ports, Havens, Ships of War, and 'Pabltck. Moneys ; appoint the Me tal , Weight , Purity, and Value thereof,' and by.*his. TmUm^wt riiake any Foreign Coyn '.to be lawful }lj6n6jpf 'kngtarA'.'‘' ; ‘ By liis 'Royal Prerogative may of his mecr Will and Plea'fure Convoke, Adjos-.rn ."Prorogue, Remove , and 'JDifyyeVt irli'artentsmay to.any Bill pafledijv tSo^Houfes ofVae F.amtnt, refufetb give'(without ren- dring any reafon)' his Royal Agent, without \yhidi a Bill is as a Body without" a Soul. May at pleafure • encreafe the number of the Mem : bers of both Hotifes, b' creating more Baron's ,'and bellowing Privi- ledges upon any other Towns to fend Burgejfes to Parliament. May call to P irliament by Writ whom.hciii his Princely Wifdome thinketh fit, and may.refufe tofend his Writ to dome others that have fate in former Parlia- of€ngianU* parliaments. Hath alone the choice and nomination of all Commanders and other Officers at Land and bea; the choice and nomination of ail Magiftrates, Cotmfellours, and Of¬ ficers of State , of all B flips , and other High Dignities in the Church, the bellowing of all Honours both of higher and of lower Nobility of England-, the Power of determining Rewards and Pmflmmts. By his Letters Patent mayeredt m Counties, Bfltfricks, Vnivcr- jiltss, Cities, Burroughs, Colledges, Hflitals, Schools, Fairs• Markets, Courts of fufiice, Forefts, Chafes, Tree-Warrens ,&c. The King by his Prerogative hath power to enfranchife an Alien and make him a Deni [on', whereby he is enabled' to purchafe Leafes of Houfes and Lands, and to bear fome Offices.Hath power to grant Letters of Mart or Reprifal. TheKingby his Prerogative hath had at all times the Right of Pur¬ veyance or Pre-emption of all forts i 3 c Xl)t pjtfmt *tate of Vidhials near the Court, andto take Horfes, Carts , Boats, Ships, for his- Carriages at reafonable Rates; alfo by Proclamation tofct reafonable Rates and Prices upon Fleft, Fifi, Fowl, Oats , Hay, C't, which His Majefty now Raigning was pleafed to releafe, and'in lien thereof, to accept of fome other recompence. Debts due to the King, are in the fil'd place to be fatisficd, in cafe of ExecHtorpnp and Adm'miftratorjhip ; and until the Kings Debt be fatisfied’ he may proteSl the Debtor from the Arrefl of other Creditors. May diftrain for the whole Rest upon or.c Tenant that holdeth not the whole Land ; may require the Ancestors Debt of the Heir , though not efpecially bound , is not obliged to demand his Rent as others are May fue in what Court he pleafe, and diftrain where he lift. No Proclamation can be made hue by the King. m ! of (England 1.37 ! No ProtedHon for a Defendant I to be kep: off from a Suit, but by him, and chat bscaufe he is actually in his Service. Heonly cangive Patents , in cafe ofloffe by Fire or otherwife, tore- ■ ceive the Charitable Benevolences of the People ; without which no man may ask it pubiickly. No Forefl, Chafe, or Park to be made, nor Caftle to be built, with¬ out the Kings Authority. The fale of his Goods in an open Market will not take away his pro¬ perty therein. ■ ■ Where the King hath granted a Fair with Toll to be paid , yet his Goods there fhall be exempted from all Toll. No Occupancy fhall be good a- gainfl the King, nor fhall Entry be¬ fore him prejudice him. His Servants in ordinary are pri- viledged from ferving in any Offices that require their attendance, as Sheriff, Confiable, Churchwarden, &c. All lying, or Accomptants to him tor li¬ ny of his Revenues , their Perfm t Lands , Goods , Heirs , Executory Adminijtmors , are chargeable for the fame at all times, for, Nullm tempos occhrrit Regi. His Debtor hath a kind of Prero gative remedy by a Quo minus the Exchequer againlt all other Debtors , or againft whom they have any caufe of Perfonal Aftion; fuppofing that he is thereby difablel to pay the King : and in this Suit the Kings Debtor being Plaintiff, hath fome Priviledges above thers. In Bonkful Cafes , Semper-pre^ fnmitur pro Rege. No Statute reftraineth the King, except he be efpeciallj named there¬ in. The quality of his Perfon at ters thedefeent of Gavelkind, the Rules of fojnt Tenancy; no Ejhp pel can bind him, nor Judgment fu in a Writ of Right . ofCngianD* i Judgements entred againd die Kings Title, are entred with a Salvo . jure Domini Regis , that if at any time the Kings Council at Law can make out his Title better ; that Judgement fhall not prejudice him, which is not permitted to theStib- jeft. The King by his Prerogative may demand reafonable Aid-Money of bis Subje&s to knight his elded Son at the age of 15 , and to marry hisEldeffc Daughter at the age of 7, years; which reafonable Aid is* Twenty Shillings for every Knights Fee, and as much for every Twen¬ ty pound a year in Socage. Moreo¬ ver, if the King be taken Prifoner, Aid-Money is to be paid by the Sub- jefts to fee him at liberty. The King upon reafonable cau- fesjiim thereunto moving; may pro- itV any man againft Suits at Law, fa¬ in all Cafes where the King is ftny, his Officers with an Arnfi by forte of a Procefs at Law may en¬ ter 140 %l)t pjefcttt Mate ter (and ifentrance be denied) may break open tlie Hotife of any man, although every mans Houfe is raid to be his-Caftle, and hath a privi- ledge to proteft him againftali other Arrefts. A Benefice or Spiritual Livingii not full againft the King by Inftitu- tion only^without though it be fo againft a Subjeft None but the King can hold plea of falfe Judgements in the Court of his-Tenants. The King of England by his Pre¬ rogative is Summit Regal'Cufia t and hath the Cuftody of the Perfocs and Eftates of fuch as for want of undemanding cannot govern them- /elves or ferve the King ; fo the Per- fons and Eftates of Ideots and Am ticks are in the Cuftody of the Kin" that of Ideots to his own ufe, anil that of Lunaticks to the ufe of the next Heir. So the Cuftody or Ward- (hips of all fuch Infants whofe An- ceftors held their Lands by Tenurt in Capite or Knight-fervice, were eya : ofCngianD, i :: ever fince the Conqueft in the./dngs : of Engird, to the great honour and benefit of the A'ing and JCing- dom; though fome abufes made fome of the people out of love with their good, and the Right of that part of his juft Prerogative. The 7 Cing by his Prerogative is Vltimm Harts Eegni, and is (as the Great Ocean is of all Rivers) the re¬ ceptacle of all Eftates when no Heir appeals ; for this catife all Eftates for want of Heirs or by forfeiture, re¬ vert or efcheat to the King. All Spiritual Benefices for want of Pre- fentation by the Bifhop, are lapfed at laft to the King: All Treafure- Trcve (that is, Money, Cold,Silver, Plate, or Bullion found (and the Owners unknown) "belongs to the King; To all mtyfs, Strays, Wrecks , not granted away by him or any former Kings ; all Wafi ground or Land recovered from the Sea; all Lands of Miens dying before Na¬ turalization or Denization , and all things whereof the property is not known. i 4 a %l)t pjefettt ^>tate known. All Gold and Silver Mints in whofe ground foever they are found ; Royal F'tjhes, as IVhalts. Sturgeons,Dolphins jkc. Royal Fowl, as Sroans, not markt aud fwimming at liberty on the River.belong to the King. In the Church the Kings Prero¬ gative and Power is extraordinary great. He only hath the Patronage of all Bifnopricks , none can be cho- fen but by his Conge d’Ejlire , whom he hath foil nominated ; none canbe son ft crated Bifhopor.take pofleffion of the Revenues of 1 the Bifhoprick without the Kings fpccial Writ or A Rent. He isthe Guardian orNur- fing Father of the Church, which our Kings of England did fo reckon amongit their principal cares, as in the 23d year of King Edward the Firfl it was alledged in a pleading andailowed. The ring hath power to call a National or Provincial Sy¬ nod, and by Commi/Tioners or by his Metropolitans in their fcveral Jurifdidions to make Canons, Or¬ ders, o£€ngi!> no Su-' perio|pt to' ! tKe Bifhop of Route, whofe long arrogated Audonty in '£rtg/iirM of engiaitu* 149 England was 1535 in a full Parlia¬ ment of all the Lords Spiritual as well as Temporal declared null,and the King of England declared to be by Ant'unt Right in allCaufes over all Perfons as well Ecclefiaftical-as Civi I, Supreme Governottr. The King is Summits totuuEc- clefta AnglUana OrdinarUu , Su¬ preme Ordinary in all theDiocefes dEfigland-pilTurM-Qr -iff ’HTurr.i-z-ai/ and for his Superintendency over the whole Church, hath the Tenths and Firft-Frnits of all Ecclefiaftical Beneficices. The King hath the Supreme Right of Patronage over all Eng- land, called Patronage Paramount over all the Ecclefiaftical Benefices in England ; fo that if the mean Patron as aforefaid prefent not in due time, nor the Ordinary nor Metropolitan, the Right of prefen* tation comes to the'King, beyond whom it cannot Ijeffijng is Lord Paramount'J^preraR.and- lord of all the Lands of England, H 3 and , 5 o %l)t wtCmt:&tatc and all landed men are mediately or immediately bis Tenants by fonie Tenure or other ; for no man in England blit the King hath Allodium & Dir Alum Dominium, the foie and independent Property or Do¬ main in any Land. He that hath the Fee the Jus perpctuum and Vtilt Dominium, is obliged to a duty to his Soveraign for it: foitis not (im¬ ply his own, he muft fwear fealty to fume Superiour. The King is Summus totius Regni ■Anglican Jufiiciarius , Supreme Judge , or Lord Chief Juftice of all England. He is -the Fountain from whence all Juftice is derived, no Sub jeft having here as in France, Haute moj/enne & bajfe fuflice■ He alone hath the Soveraign power in the Adminiftration of Juftice, and in the Execution of the Law, and whatfoever power is by him com¬ mitted to. others, the dernifr refert is ftill remaining'in himfelffo that he misfit iritiiny Court. and take Cdgnifar.ee oFfdny Caufe (as anti- ofengiantu tr¬ endy- Kings fate in the Court now called the Kings Bench, Henry the Third in his Court of Exchequer, andHrw. 7. and King fames forae- times in the Star-Chamber ) except in Felonies, Treafons, &c. where¬ in the King being Plaintiff and fo Party , he fits not perfonally in Judgement , but doth perform ic by Delegates. From the King of England t here lies no Appeal in Ecclcfaftical af¬ fairs to the Bijhop of Rome, as it doth in other principal Kingdoms of 'Europe-, nor in Civil affairs to the Emperour, as infome of the Sm- nifj and other Doininions of Chri- ftendom ; nor in either to the Peo¬ ple of England ( as fome of late have dreamt) who in themfelves, or by their Reprefentatives in the Houfc of Commons in Parliament, were ever Subordinate and never Superior, nor fo much as Co-ordinate to the King of England. The King being the oiiely Sove- raign and Supreme Head, is furniflit H 4 with - %\y% patent &tatc with Plenary Power, Prerogative, and Jurifdidion to render jutlice to every Member within his Domi¬ nions ; whereas fome Neighbour Kir.n; do want a full power to do juftice in all Caufes to all their Subjefts, or to pnnifh all Crimes committed within their own Do¬ minions , efpecially in Caufes Ecclc fiaftical. In a word, Rex Anglia neminem habit in fuis Bomimis Superioremm P are m,fed omnes fub Mo, illefub mb loniji tantumfub Deo, a quo fee Ur¬ dus , pofi quern primus , ante omnti & fuper omnes (in fuis ditionibus ) Beos & Homines. PivinHf. The Title of Bit or Gods, plural- ly is often in Holy Writ by God himfelf attributed to Great Princes, becaufe as Gods Vicars or Vice-M upon Earth, they reprefent the Ma- jetty and Power of the God of Hea¬ ven and Earth: and to the end that the people might have fo much the higher tfam and more reverend aW’fnlmp ofettgiim i awfnlnefs of them ; for if that, fails, all Order fails; and thence all/w- pictj and Calamity follows. . The Subftance of the Titles of God was alfo ufed by the Antient Chadian Emperours, as Divimtas mftra & JEternitas noftra, &c. as imperfeftly and analogically in them, chough eflcntially and per- feftly only in God ; and the good Chriflians of thofe times out of their excefs of refpeft, were wont to fwear by the Majefty of the Em- perour (as fofepb once by the life of Pharaoh) and Vegetim a learned Writer of that Age feems to judi- fieit ; Nam Imperatori (faith he ) timcjaam prefenti & corporali Dto fi- dtlis efl prsfiandtt Devotio & pent- $1 impendendns famulatm • Deo e- aim fervimtu cum fideliter diligimus turn, ejui Deo regnat Atttore. For a faithful Devotion ;to the Em- perour as to a corporal god upr on earth, ought to be performed^ and a very diligent fervice to be paid: for then we truly ferve God, H 5 when when with a loyal offeftion we love him whom God hath placed to raign over us. So the Laws of England looking upon the King as a God upon earth, do.attribute unto him divers excel¬ lencies that belong properly to God alone, as lufticc in the Abftraft; Rex Anglia non potejl cnif.iamk]tr riant Entire. So alfo Infallibility, Rex Anglia non potejl err Arc. And as God i' perfeft, fo the Law will have .no Imperfeftion found in the King. No Negligence or Laches, no Jolly, no Infamy, no (lain or cor¬ ruption of blood; for by taking of the .Crown, all former, though jud Attainders' f and that by Aft of Par- immeVit) is i'pfo fatto purged. No Nohageor Minority, for his Gram o iLands,, though held in his Natn- ral'not polirick-Capacity, cannot b( •avoided by Nonage; Higher thar ^hisnshe.'LawJ attrlbuteth .a'kind o! immortality to the King, Rex At gli# )m mritur j his Death is it ef€t)$an&; Law termed the Dmife of the King, becaufe thereby the King.- dom is demifed to another: He is faid not fubjeft to Deathbecaufe he is a Corporatibn in himfelf that liveth for ever,- all ht'eiregnd being in L^AWunknawri, the fame mo¬ ment that 'oneKirig dies, the'nexc Heir is King fully and abfolutely without ariyCorbrtdtion, Ceremony, or A& to be donee xfoftfa&o. Moreover, the Law feemeth to attribute to the King aceftain Omni- pfencj , that the King is'/in a manner every where,in all his Conns if juflice , and therefore cannot be m-fuited (as Lawyers fpeak,)' In all his Palaces , and therefore all Sub- jefts’ (lin'd bare in the F refence Chamber ‘ w’herefoever the Chair of State is placed; though the King be many miles diftant from'thence. He (nth a kind.of univerfil influence oyer nil his Dominions , every foul within his Territories may be f id to feel a/t'aH times ius rower and his Gwduefsj Omnium'Lomos Regis Vi- ~ gdiA >55 i $6 %%% relent ^>tate gilin defend*, Omnium Otinm illiitt Labor , Omnium Delict at illius^ In- dnftria , Omnium vacationem illim OccHpatio ,&c. So a kind of Ommpotencj, tntt the King can, as it were, raife menfrom death to life, by pardoning whom the Law hath condemned; can cre¬ ate to the higlieft Dignity and anni¬ hilate the fame at plea fure. Divers other femblances of the Bernal DcitJ belong to the King. He in his own Dominions (as God) faith Vindiaa eft mihi, for all punifh-, ments do proceed from him in fome of his Courts of Juftice, and it is not lawful for any Subjeft to revenge himfelf. . So he onely can be Judge in his own Caufe, though he deliver his • Judgement by the Mouth of his Judges. And yet there are fome things that the King of Bigland cannot do. Rex Anglia nihil injufie potejl , and the Kingcannot diveft himfelf or his Succeflors of. any part of his-Re l* ofCnglantu i gal Power, Prerogative and Autho * ritj inherent and annexe to the Crown: not that there is any defeft in the Kings Power (as there is none in Gods Power, though he cannot lie, nor do any thing that implies Contradiftion:) not but that the King of England hath as abfolute a power over all his Subjects as any Chrifiian Prince rightfully and law¬ fully hath or ever nad: not but that he ftill hath a kind of Omnipotency not to be difputed , but adored by hisSubjefts- Nemosjuidemdefaults tjus prafumat difputare (faith Bra* {Ion) mtilto minus contra fattumejns ire, mm deChartis & Faclis cjus mn debent nec poffunt Jufticiarii, mul- to minus private perfona . difputare. Not but that the King may do what he pleafe. without either oppofition or refinance,mi without being que- ftioned by his Subjeds^for the King cannot be impleaded for any Crime 3 no Action lieth againfthis Perfon, becaufe the Writ goeth forth in his own Name, and he cannot at reft himfelf. ■^8 %\)t p^efcnt Mm himfelf. If the King fliould fdze the Lands f which God forbid' or fliould take away the Goods of any particularfubjeft., having no Title by Law fo to do; • there is no rem?- dy. Oneiy this, Lochs erit fftith the fame Bratton) fftpplicationi qmd fattm farm corrigat & tmcndet , quod cjHtdcm ft non fccerit, fnfftcitti ad posnam quod Dnmnsim Drum ex- pettet Vltorem- T here may be Peti¬ tions and Supplications made that His Ma jelly will be pie . fed to rule accordmgto Law, which if he (hill refufe to do , iris fufficient that he mu;l expefl ihat the King of Kings will be the Avenger of opprefled Iloy.al Subjects. But there' are alfo divers things which the King cannot do, Salve Jnre , Salvo fnrarr.ento , '& Salvo Onfcicutia fun •, Becaufe by Oath at his Coronation, and indeed with¬ out any Oith, by the L-uvof Na¬ ture, Nations, and of ClrriJlian'tj, he holds himfelf bound (.as do all other Chriftian KingsJ to proteft of Cnglrt* i$p and defend his people, to do juftice, and (hew mercy, to preferve Peace and Qnietnefs amongft them, to al¬ low them their juft Rights and Li¬ berties , to confent to the Repealing of bid Laws, and to the ena&ing of good Laws. Two things efpecially the King of England doth notufual- . |y do without the confent of his fub- jefts, viz. Make new Laws , and wife new Taxes , there being fome- tbing of Odium in both ofthem; the one feeming to diminifti the Sub- jefts Liberty, and the other to in¬ fringe his Property ; therefore that all occafion of difaffe&ion towards the King (the Breath of our No- ftrils and the light of our Eyes, as he is (filed in holy Scripture) might be avoided ; it was moft wifely contrived by our Anceftors, that for both thefe fhould Petitions and Sup¬ plications befirft made by the Sub- jeft. •Thefe, and divers other Preroga¬ tives rightfully belong, and are en¬ joyed by the-Kingof England. Never-. i6o %l)t patent £>ttttc Neverthelefs the Kings of Ek£- land ufually govern this Kingdom by the ordinary known Laws and Ctiftom of the Land (as the great God doth the World by the Laws of Nature) yet in forae Cafes, for the benefit, not damage of this - ■ Realm, they make ufe of their Pn- rogatives, as the King of Kings doth, of his Extraordinary Power of Workingof Miracles. Laftly, To the Kings of Englani quattms Kings, doth appertain ont Prerogative that may be lliled /«• fcr-excelltnt , if not miraculous , which was firft enjoyed by that pi¬ ous and good King Edward the Confejfor which is to remove and to cure the Struma, that ftubborn Difeafe, commonly called the iCwp Evil!. Which manifeft Cure is afcribed by fome malignant Non-Confor- mills to the power of Fancy and ex¬ alted Imagination , but what can that contribute to fmall Infants, whereof great numbers are cured every OfCttglatll), 161 every year. The manner of the Cure is briefly thus: There is an appointed fhorc form of Divine Service, wherein are read (befides fome ftiorc Prayers perti¬ nent to theoecafion) two portions of Scripture taken out of the Gofpel, and at thefe words [7 hey Jhall Uj llitir hands on the Sick and tkj fliall mover ] the King gently draws both his hands over the fore of the Eck perfon; and thofe words are re¬ peated at the touch of every one, Again,at thefe words [That light m the trtte light t which lighteth eve » tjman that cometh into the worldj pertinently ufed, if it be confidered that that light did never (bine more comfortably , if not more vifibly, than in the healing offo many le¬ prous and fick perfons. Ac thofe words the King putteth about the Neck of each fick perfon a Piece of Gold, called (from the Imprefiion) ^ Angel ^ being in value about two thirds of a French piftol. In 162 %<)e ptcut State Rtfptf. In confideration of thefe and & tlier tranfeendent Excellencies, no King in Chrilkndom nor ocher potentate receives from his Sul, jefts more Reverence , Hmnr and Rcfpctl , than the King t England. All his People at then firft Addreffes kneel to him, hei¬ st all times ferved upon the Kim, all Perfons (not the Prince or other Heir Apparent excepted) float hk in the prefence of the King ami in the Prefence Chamber, thong: in the Kings abfence. Only it wi once indulged by Q^Mary fa fome eminent fervices performtl by Henry Ratclife Earl of S »jfo that (by Patent) he might at atj time be covered in her prefence but perhaps in imitation of the Tib liberty allowed by King Philip her Husband and other Kings of Spfl at this day, to fome ot the principr Nobility there called Grandeet S ofCngiantu Any tiling or Aft done in the Kings Prefence is prefumed to be void of all deceit and evil meaning ; and therefore a Fine levied in the Kings Court , where the King is prefumed to beprcfent, doth bind a Feme Covert , a married Woman, and others whom ordinarily the Law doth difable to tranfaft. The Kings only Teftimony of any thing done in his prefence , is of as high a nature and credit as any Re¬ cord ; and in all Writs fent forth for dilpatch of Juftice, fieufeth no other Witnefs but himfelf, viz, 7eft: me fa I63 CHAP. <4 £i)c parent 0tate CHAP. V. of Succefsion to the Crom i[ ENGLAND , and of ik Kings Minority , Incapacity and Abfence. T He King of England hathrigh to the Crown by lnheritm and the Lam and Cujloms of -% land, . , Upon the Death of the King, th next of kindred, though born on of the Dominions of England, oi born of parents not Subjects of£w. land, asby the Law and many b am pies in the Engtifli Hiliories ii doth manifelily appear,is.and is im¬ mediately King before .any Procla¬ mation, Coronation, Publication,ci Content of Peers or Peop'e. The Crown of England defeenoj from Father to Son and his Hein, 1 fe 166 %i)t p?etmt State miniV If tbe King b; likely to low lit Crown to an Infant, he doth ufual- Iy by Teflamnt appoint the perfon or perfons that (hall have the tuiti¬ on of him ; and fometimesfor want of fuch appointment, a fit perfon of the Nobility or Biftiops is made choice of by the Three States a trem¬ bled in the name of the Infant King, who by Nature or Alliance hath mod Intereft in theprefervationof the Life and Authority of the Infant, and to whom lead benefit can ac¬ crue by his Death or Diminution; as the Vttcle by the Mothers fide, i! the Crown come by the Father, and fo vice verfa, is made Protrfhr, fo during the minority of Edwardi his Uncle by the Mothers fide, the Duke ofSomnfct had thetuitionof him, and was called Proteftor: and when this Rule hath not been ob' ferved. (as in the minority of Edward 5 .) it bath proved of ill con- fequence; If of €ttgianfc i6 7 If the King of England be Non isctptci- wipes mentis , or by reafon of an incurable .difeafe, weaknefs, or old. age., become uncapable of govern¬ ing, then is made a Regent,?rottUor, at Guardian, to govern. King Edwards, being at lafta- ged, fick,and weak, and by grief for the death of.the Blacl^Prince-, fore broken in body and mind, did of his own will create his fourth Son, John. Duke of Lancafter, Guardian, or Regent of England. . If the King be akfent upon any A i,p cnic ] Foreign Expeditionor otherwife, (which anciently was very ufual) he Cuftom was to conftitute a Vicegerent by Commiffion under kGrcatScal, giving himfeveral Titles and Powers according as the iccefiity of affairs h,ive required •, Iwnetimes he.hath been called Lord Warden , or Lord Keeper of the Kingdom, and therewith hath had the general power of a King, as 63 x:!ie piclcne was pradifed during the Abfenctoi Edward the Firft, Second, and Third, and of Henry 5, but Hem; 6. to the Title of Warden or Guar¬ dian added the Stile of Protector^ the Kingdom and of the Church 0! England-, and gave him fo great power in his abfence, that he was tantum non Rex fwaying the Sctpta but not wearing the Crown -, execu¬ ting Laws , Summoning Parliaments under his own Tefte as King, and giving his affent to Bills in Parlia- ment , whereby they became si binding as any other Ads. Sometimes during the Kings tb fence the Kingdom hath been com¬ mitted to the care of feveral NA men , and fometisnes of Bijhops, ai lefs dangerous for attempting any ufurpation of the Crown; Tome- times to one Bifhop ■> as Huh Archbifhop of Canterbury wsi Viceroyof England for many years, and when Edward 3. was in Flfo ders (though his Son then but nir.( years old, had the Name of Frt I of ffingiana.' ig 9 ] I ttttar) fohn Stratford Arch-bifhop \ of Canterbury was Governour both I of the Kings. Son and of the 1 Realm. j| Laftly, Sometimes to the Queen,’ I as two feveral times daring theab- Ifence of Henry 8. in France! CHAP. VI. of the QUEEN ef ENG-' -LAND.:.-. T He Queen, fo called from the Km-. Saxon Koningln, whereof the laftfyllable is pronounced by for- reigners as gheen in Englifh, it be¬ ing not unufual : to cut off the firft Syllables, -.as an Almes-houfe is fometimes called a Sfital from Hr (fital. She hath as high Prerogatives;,' Dignity, and State, during the life of the King, asany Qieen of Eu- npe. t From %\y ^tate From the W times theQae.cn. ConfortG^b^d, tnoum.««« an AlitnWa , and th ° u B h durin S the life of the King (he be femme co- 1 mu fneaks^ vet with- the life ottne wnguic UCJW «» V -- w ,( it ourUwfpeaks)ye« with- out any Aft of- 'Parliament for NaturnliMtm or Letters Patents Lands in Fcc-fimp!e, make Leaks and Grants in her own Name with- out the King, hath power to g.« to file, to contra*, as. a /tate The like honour, the like reve¬ rence and refpeft that is due to the Kina is exhibited to the Queen both by Subjefts and Foreigners, and alto to the Queen P owager ot Widow Queen, who alfo above o- therSubjeftslofeth not her Digni¬ ty though the ftouldmarry a pn. vate Gentleman; fo Queen Kath- ri „ e Widow to King Hmrj m Fifth being married to Ormiy ThJore Efquire, did maintain her Adion as Queen of E»tU»d ; much lets doth a Queenby inheritance ot a Queen Smcrtign of England, fol¬ low her Husbands condition, norii -lubjeft as other Queens; butSove- raign to her ownHusband,as Queen Mary was to King Philip • of CttgianD* 73 CHAP. VII. of the Sons and Daughters of ENGLAND. T He Children of the King of England are cdled the Sons and Daughters of England ■ becaufe all the fubjefts of England have a fpecial intereft in them , though the whole power of Education, Marri¬ age, and difpofwg of them is only in theKing- The Eideft Son of tile King is EUeJl born Duke of Cow-wall, and as to Son. that Dutch'/ , and all the Lands, Honour'. Rents, and great Reve¬ nues be niging thereunto, he is up¬ on lus iiirrh-day prefumed, and by Law Taken to be of full age, fo.that hemay that day iue for the Livery of the faid Dukedom, and ought of right to obtain the fame,as if he had been full zi years of age. After¬ wards he is created Prim of Wales, I 3 whofe. i ©)e pjcfetw S>tate ' whofe Invefiiture b-performed by the lmpofition of a Cap of Eftatt and Coronet on his Head, as a Token of Principality, and putting into liis Hand a Very of Gold, the Emblem of Government, and a Ring oi Gold on his Finger, to intimate, th e he muft be a Husband to his Countrey, and Father to her Chil¬ dren. Alfo to him is given and granted Letters Patent to hold the faid Principality to him and his Heirs Kings of England , by which words the reparation of this Princi¬ pality is prohibited. His Mantle which he wears in Parliament is once more doubled, or hath one Guard more than a Dukes, and bis Coronet of Crejfes and Flowers di luce and his Cap of State double in¬ dented. From the day of his Birth he is commonly [filed the Prince , a Title in England given to no other Sub¬ ject The Title oi Prince of Wales is antient, and was fitfb given by ofensM;. 17$: iving Edward 1. to his EldeftSon; for the Welfh Nation till that time unwilling to fubmic co the yoke of Grangers,that A'ing fo ordered',that his Queen was delivered of her firlt Child in Caernarvon C a file in Wales, and then demanded of the Welfh, as fome affirm, If the] Would he content ■ to fdjeft ihemfelves to one of their own Nation , that could not freak, one Word of Englifh, and a- gainfi rthofe life thej could take no jtfi exception. Whereunto they readily confenting, the A'ing no¬ minated this his new-born Son, and afterwards created him Prince of Wales, and bellowed on : him all the Lands, Honours, and Re¬ venues belonging to the Laid Prin¬ cipality. the Prince bath ever fince.been filled Prince of Wales , Duke of A- (jiiitaine and Corn-Wall, and Earl of chefier and Flint, which Earldoms are alwayes conferred upon him by his Patent fince the Union of E ng- /Wand S.«fW.-bis Title hath been 1 ' i ' I 4 Mug' ;■ 1 7 6 %ty pjeient £>tatc Magna Britannia Princeps , but more ordinarily the Prince of Wales . As EldeftSon to the King . of Scotland he is Duke of Rcthfij and Senefchal of Scotland from his Birth. The King of England: Eldeft Son (fo long as Normandy remained in their hands)was alwayes filled!) 4 of Normandy. tms. Antiently the Princes of Waits whileft they were Sovereigns, bare quarterly Gules and Or e, Lyons ptsf fa.nt gardant conntirchanged. The Arm'es of the Prince of Walts differ from thofe of the King only by addition of a Label (si three •Points,and the -Dfw're ofthe Prince is a Coronet beautified with three Cftrich Feathers, iriferibed with /ei dun, which in the German ,, or old SaxonTongye is Iferve, alluding perhaps to that in the Go/pel, Tk Heirwhilefi his Father liveth differ¬ ed not from a Servant. This Levitt was born at the. Battel of Creffy by ofCtiBiana. >77' job: King of Bohemia, as ferving there under the Kingof the French, and there (lain by Edward the Black, Prim , and fince worn by the Prin¬ ces of/KW/kt, and by the Vulgar cal¬ led the Princes Armes. The Prince by our Law is repu* Dignity. ted as the fame Perfon with the King, and fo declared by a Statute 4 Henry 8. Cor a feat emm Princeps (fiyour Lawyers) radiis Regis Pa- trisfni & cenfetter find perfona stem ipfo. And the Civilians fay, the Kings Eldeft Son may be (filed a King. He hath cert'ainPriviledgesabove Privi- other perfons. lelgcs. To imagine the death of the Prince, to violate the Wife of the Prince is made High-Treafon. Hath heretofore had privilege of having 3 . Purveyor, and taking Purveyances the king. ■ To retain and quahffe ns many Chaplains as he (hail pleafe I 5 U , 7 s. pjetotf. dtatt To thePrince at the Age of 15 is due a certain Aid of Money from all the Kings Tenants and all that hold of him mCapite , by Knights •. Service, and Free Socage ,to make him a Knight. Yet as the Prince in nature is a dihind Perfon from the King, fo in Law alfoin fome cafes, He is a Sub- ieft, holdeth his Principalities and Seignoriesof the King, giveththe fame refpeft to the King as other Subjects do. Zevmes The Revenues belonging to the Prince, (ince much of the Lands atd Demefnes of that Dutchy hare been aliened-, are efpecialiy outoi the Tints Mims in Ccrmdl, which with all other profits of that Dut¬ chy amount yearly to the funffl The Revenues of the PrincipilitJ of Walts furveyed 200 years ago was above 4680/. yearly, a richE- ikte according to the value of aey in thofe days. ofcngra: i Arprefetit liis whole Revenue's may amount to ' ' Till the Prince c'orhe to'hfc 14 . years old,all things belonging to the Principality of Wales Were wont to ■ be difpofed o'f :; by Commilfioners • corififtingoffome principa! Perform *. of the Clergy andNobility, The Cadets , or younger Soils of cdctr. England,ve created, not born ,Dukes or Earls of what Places or Titles the King plea iethA •They have no certain 'Apanages as in France, bat onely what the good pie: fare of the King bellows upon them. All the Rings Sons are ConfMarU mi ;■ by Birthright Couhfellors of State', tliat fo they may grow up in the weighty affairs of the King- dom. The Daughters of England are Piled Princeffes, the eldeil of which hath a n r I id .or: certai n r t te of Mo¬ ney gaidby eve ry'Teriii ft t t&Cafiir, Knight- 3 Cfje pjrfene $tatt Knights ServicezntitSoccagc,®- wards her Dowry or Marriage Por¬ tion 5 and to violate her unmarried isHigh-Treafon. To all the Kings Children belong the Title of Rojal Highncfs ; All Subjefis are to be uncovered, in their prefence,: to kneel when they are admitted to kj/s their handstand at Table they are (out of tht Kings Preface ) ferved on the Knee. . The Children, the Brothers and Sifters of the King, if Plaintiffs‘the fummons in the Procels need not have the folemnity of iydayes, as in cafe of other Subjefts. The Natural , or lllegitmtt Sons and Danghcersof the King,af¬ ter they are acknowledged by the King, have had here as in Fma, precedence of all the Nobles under thofe of the Blood-Royal. They .bear what Surname the .King pleafeth to give them, and for Arms.the Arms of England , withi Elaften or aBorder Gobionne , ot jyme ofCttgiantJ* i forae other mark of illegitimati- on. Some Kings of England Ime acknowledged .many , and had more illegitimate Sons and Daughters. . King..//Mr; the Firft had no fewer than, fixteen illegitimate Children. • Henry the Eigbthmongfi others had one by Elizabeth Blount, na¬ med Henry Fitzroy, created by him Duke of Somerfct and Richmond , Earl of Nottingham, and Lord High Jdmiral of England, Ireland! and ,8a %\yi ptcfrot &tate CHAP. VIII. Of the prefent KING of E N G L A N D,-and.there¬ in of His Nme, Stir mm, Genealogy, Birth, Bap'tifme, Court, Bducatim, RefatirMi- on, Marriage, &c.' Nine. f-r^He KING howfaigningis 1 ' CHAR LB i •theSecorid of that Name. HisrRime of'Bap ; tifme Charles in the German- Tongue fignifies one of a Mafculine ftrength or vertue. 7 tirnsmt. The Royal, and alfo the mod Princely and Antient Families of Europe , at this day have properly no Surnames, for neither is Bttrkn the Surname, but the Title of the Royal Family of France , nor Au- jin., of Spain, nor Smart of Eng land, fince the coming in of Xing - fames, nor Theodore or Tudor for ofCnaiauD. 183; his 5 immediate Anceftors in Eng¬ land, nor PLwtagenet for 1 x Gene¬ rations before, as fome vainly think, for although Gefferj Duke of An]m was furnamed Plant agatet from a Broom Stalke commonly worn in his Bonnet, yet his Son He*. 2. King of England, was furnamed Fitzr Emprefs , and his Son Richard Costtr k Lyon: So 0wen Grandfather to King Flmj’j. ms tip Meredith, and he ap Theodore, pronounc’d Tj~ dir, Surnames being then but little in nfe amongft the Cambrobritans ; So Walter Father to Robert King of Scotland, from whom ourprefent King is defeended, was only by Of¬ fice Grand Senefchal or High Stew - erd or Stuart of Scotland , though of later times by a long vulgar er* rour it hathfo prevailed, that they are accounted Surnames of many Families defeended from him. Steward is a Contraction from the Saxon word Stcdeward, that is inLatine Lecm-tenens , in French- L'uu-tetmt ; becaufe the Lord ' ' High 184 Patent <*>tate High Steward was Regis locum li¬ nens , a Name not unfit for any King, who is Dei locum tenens, Gods Stuart or Lieutenant or Vice- gerent upon Earth. Gmitiij. The King now raigning is Son to H’ King Charles the Martyr and the- Princefs Henrietta Marta, Daugh¬ ter of 2 Cing Henry the Great of France ; from which two Royal Stocks .he.hath in his Veins all the Royal Blood of Europe concentred. Is defeended Jineally and lawfully from the Sritijh , Sttxon, Danijb, Noman, and Scottifn Kings and Princes of this Iflarid. Rom the firft Brittiflj Kings the 139th Monarch, from the Scotijh in a continued fucceflion for al- n10ft 2000 years the 109th, from the Saxon the 46th, and from the firft of the Norman Line the 26th JCing, So that for Royal Extraction and long Line of juft ‘defeent, His Majefty now raigning -excels all the Motjarchsof all the Chriftiw ofCttfiianti* 18$ Chriftian , if not of the whole World.. Is the firft Prince of Great Britain fo born ., and hath in pofTefiion larger Dominions than any of his Anceftors. Be tyas born the zgth of May Birth. 1630. at the Royal Palace of £t. fames, over which Houfe the fame day at Noon wasbythoitfandsfeen a liar,and foon after the Sun fuffered ■an Eclipfe, a fad prefage as fome then divined , that this Prince’s Power fliouldfor fome time bee- tlipfed , as it hath been; and fome fubjeft fignified fey a ftar, fliould have extraordinary fplendor. Was Chriflened the 27th of fttne Beptifmt. following by the then Biftiop of Lon- dmVoStor Land. Had for Godfathers his two Un- des Lems the 13 th King of France , and Frederick. Prince Palatine of fot Rhine, then called King of Bo¬ hemia, reprefented by the Duke of Richmond s 8 6 %l)t patent Richmond and Marquifs Humiltm ;j his Godmother being his Grand'' mother then Queenmother of France, reprefented by the Dutcheli of Richmond. Had for Governefs Mary Cow tefsof Borfst,W'\k to Eii'WEail of Dorfct. In Mdj 1638. lie was firft kni’ghted.and immediately aftet he was made Knight of the Garter, and inff ailed at Windfer. ■. Cturt. About this time by Order, not Creation, he was firft called Prince of walii and had all the profits 0! that Principality, and divers other lands annexed , and Earldom of Chefter granted unto him ; and held his Court apart- from (fee King. Eluciti -. AttheAge of Eight he hadfot c- . Gsvomur the Earl- afterwards Mat* quifs and now Duke of Newcajliti and after him the late Earl of Berk/hire: and for Tutor or ?rt‘ ceptor, DoftorZ)«^'thenDedn of oFCngianfc 187 Clmficburch , after Biftiop of Sa- Hihury , and lately of WincheSler. Ac the Age of iz was with the King bis Father at the Battle of Eigchill, and foon after at Oxford was committed to the care of the Marquifs of Hertford About 14 years old was in the Head of an A'rmy in the Weft of E ogltmd. At the Age of 15 a Marriage was propofed between him and the Eldeft Daughter of the King of/V- tugol, the Infanta foatma fincede- ceafed. Two years after was from Com- vail tranfported to the Ifle of Scil- Ij , and after to ferfey , and thence to his Royal Mother to Sc. Germains near Paris. In 1648 was at Sea with fome Naval Forces, endeavouring to re¬ late the King his Father, then in the Ifle of Wight, out of the wicked hands of his rebellious Subjeds. Not many moneths after, upon the fad news of the horrid Mart hero? h ]s i88 Xlje pietcnt state his Royal Father, he was in Holhai firft faluted KV»j,and foon after pro. claimed in Scotland, being not yet 15 years of age. At the age of 20 from Htllai he landed in Scotland, June idjo, and in /W^following was crown' ed at Scoon. The 3d of September i 6 $i fougbi the Battle of Worcefter, whenceaf ter the unfortu na te lofs of his wholi Army, wandring in difguife abort England for Six Weeks, and mo! wonderfully preferved, he was si length tranfported from a Cr«l ■near Shram in Snffcx to Fetca near Havre de Grace in France j it which Kingdom, with his Royal Brothers and divers Englifh Nobi¬ lity, Clergy, and Gentry, he wasfoi fome years: received and treated a King of England , and by his medi¬ ations- and intereft with the Print! of Conde and Duke of Lorrn, then in the Head of two great aid mighty Armies againft the Frm i King , quenched the then newly of€ttgian& i8 9 kindled fires of a great and nniver- fal rebellion againftbim, much re-' fembling that of England ; and was a means of recalling the then fled and baniflied Cardinal Mazarine After which in Germany, Flanders, Stain , &c. he paffed the refidue of its time in the Studies and Exercifes mod befitting a Prince, infolliciting the Aid of Chriflian Princes, and in. advifing and vigoroufly promoting the feveral attempts of his Friends in England, until theyear 1660,at which time being at Brujfels within: theSpanifh Territories, and per¬ ceiving a general inclination and di- fpofition of all England to receiye him, he providently removed him- felfco-BmAi, within the Domini¬ ons of the United Netherlands ,in the raoneth of April , thence in May to the Hague • from whence, after a magnificent Entertainment and an humble Invitation by Englifh Com- miffioners fent from the then Con¬ vention aimjlminfter, he embarkt ttSckvcling the2jof Mayi 66 ol Z9 o %$z p?e£ent £>tm and with a gallant Englifh Fleer and agentltJ'gale of Wind, landed the 25th at Dover, and on the 29th fol. lowing,beinghis Birth-day,and then juft 30 years of age, he ehtred in¬ to London , was there received 'with the greateft and moll uni verfal joy, Acclamations,and Magnificence' that could poflibly be exprefied on fo fhort a warning. On die firft of June following,Hi$ Ma jelly fate in Parliament , and on the 22 of April 1661 . rode in tri- umph from the Tower to Wtfimv fter, on the next day,’ being St, Georges was'crowned with great Ceremony. Mmi- On the 28th of May following, *&■ declared to his Parliament his Refo- lution to marry the Infant ad Per- tngal j who accordingly, in Mj 1662 ’ being landed at Pcrtfmntth, was there efpoufed to the King by the then Bifhop of London, not? Archbifhop of Canterbury. Hi? ot€ngitate CAtimmtot Imymarum , &m Miiacuhratn pcriiffe ) that after fo many years difpofleffion,his motlin- veterate, potent, fubtil enemies in foil and quiet poffeffion,on a fuddtn the defire of him fhould like Light¬ ning, or a mighty Torrent, run over all England in fach a manner, that hefliould befolemnly invited mag' nificentlycondufted, triumphantly received, without Blood, Blows, Bargain, or any Obligation toany Foreigri.Prince or Potentate, • This 'was the Lords doing ,aal mud for ever be marvellous fn out CHAP] of €« 0 ianD. CHAP. IX. Of the prefent QUEEN ef ENGLAND. D ONN A, C A THER IN A Infanta of Portugal being Queen Confort of England, and the Second Perfon in the Kingdom, was Daughter of Don Juan the fourth of that Name, King of Portugal, defended from our Englifh John of Gaunt, Duke of Lane aft or and King of Caftille, and Lew Fourth Son of Edward the third King of England, and of Donna Lucia Daughter of Dm Guzman el huono a Spaniard , Duke of Medina Sidonia , who was lineally defeended from Ferdinando it la Cerde and his Confort Blanche , to whom St. Levels King of France Iter Father relinquiflit his Right and Title to Spain, defeended to him by Ids Mother Blanche, eldeft Daugh- K t ©jepjsfcnfc *" ter and Heir of Jlpbonfo the Spanifh K 'She was born the nth of No- mmkr i6&-XfMVicofrmPw- ma l, (he was baptized Cathimi, ficnifying in Greek -/■'»ye,Iier Pathtt being then Duke of Brap »« ,, -../.VtWnF rheCrownof Europe, (bra thirdpart of Port f l \ was then holden of him in VafTaV l age . and is only Sifter at prefentol Don 'Alphmfi the Sij 4 „ oMla ‘ Name, and 23 King ot PortupA 16 Hath one Brother more called Don Pedro, bom 1648. ' Had another Brother called Don Tbcodofio, the eldeft Sonof that King, who weis the moft g«ill On the 2;dof Augufl 1662 her ilajeliy coming -by water from Hampton Com , was with great ’omp and Magnificence firft recci- ed by the Lord Mayor and Alder- nen of London at Chclfey, and fence conduced by water to yhitchali. The Portion fhe brought- with was Eight hundred Millions of K 2 Reals 1 9 5 t 9 6 pjeCcttt *tate Rea's or two Millions of Cw/aA’s, being about Three hundred thou- fandpounds Stirling-, together with that-important place of Txngur up. on the Coaft of Jfriek., and the Ifle of Embalm near Goa in the Etfi-Jmties, with aPriviledge chat mv Subjefls of the King of EngM my Trade freely in the Eaft and ]Vf(?-Me-Plantations belonging to the Portuguefes. Her Ma jellies fojnture by the Ar¬ ticles of Marriage is Thirty thou- fand pounds Sterling per annum,zl the King out of his great affefltM toward her, hath as an addition fet¬ tled upon her ioooo/. per anm more. , The Queens Arms as Daughta Of Portugal, is Ardent $ Scutchm Azure crojfe-wife , each Scutch* charged with 5 Plates. A rgenttt tier-wife, with a Point Sable, » Border Gules.,- charged with7O' files Or. This Coat was firft won by the Kings of ’Portugal , in» .mory of a Signal Battel obtain^ of CttgianD* i c >7 by the firft King of Portugal Bon Alfhinfo againft 5 Kings'" of the Moors, beforewhich Battel appear¬ ed in theAir, and a Voice heard, as once to Conftantine the Great , In hoc figno vinca: be¬ forewhich time the Portugal Arme9 were Argent a Croft Azure. Queen CATHERINE is aPerfonageof fuch rare perfections of Mind and Body, of fuch eminent Piety, Modefty, and other Vertues, that the Englilli Nation may yet promife all the happinefs they are capable of from a Succeffion of Princes to govern them to the end of the World. CHAP. X. of the Queen Mother.' T He Third Perfon in the King¬ dom was the Owen-Mother, or Dowager , Henrietta Maria de Ueurbtm , Daughter to the Great K 3 King. S pS %l)t patient ^>tate King He nr) the Fourth, S ijier to the y.,/lving Lewis the 1 3 th Wife to the glorious Martyr King Charles the Firft, Mother to our G racism Sovereign King Charles the Second, and Aunt to the prefent Pmjfan King Lewis the i 4 [ h- She was born t he 16th of Novert,- kr 1609 , married firft at Nop: j)arise ia'Paris by Proxy .162s,and fhortly after in themonethof fm arriving at Dover , was at Canter- bury efpoufed to King Charles the pirft. In the year 1629 was deli¬ vered of her Firft born-, aSonthit died fhortly after-, in 1630 of her Second,our prefentSovcraign whom God long preferve ^ in 163 i,ofher Third, Mary , the late Princefs of Orange, a Lady of admirable Ver¬ ges , who had the happinefs to fee the King her Brother reftored6ot 7 moneths before her death.In 1633 of her Fourth , fames, now D«k of York, In 163 5 of her Fifth,named Elizabeth . who being a Princefs ol incomparable abilities and . Ver- of distant), i Sues, died for grief foon after the mnrther ofher Father. In i6]6 of her Sixth, named Anna, who died young. In the. year 1640 of her Seventh Child Hair] of Oatlands, defigned DukeotGhctflcr, who li¬ ving till above 20 , being moft ex¬ cellently accompli fhed in all Prince¬ ly Endowments died four moneths ■alter th? ReftaurationoLthe King. In the year 1644 ofher Eighth, the Lady Henrietta , now Ducchefs of Orleans. ■ In the year 164.1, Her Majeliy fore-feeingthienfuing.ftorm of Re - I'.te, and feeing the groundlefs 'Odium raifed already againft her ‘ felf, timely withdrew her felf with her eldeft Daughter (then newly married to Prince william, onely Son to Henry Prince of Orange) into Holland, whence in 1643, after a mod furious (form and barbarous fierce purfuit of the Englifh Rebels at Sea , fhe landed at Burlington Bay with Men, Money, and Ammuni¬ tion, and foon afeer with a confide¬ nt 4 rable %$% patent &tatc rable Army met the King at Edge hill, and thence was conduced to Oxford. . In-April 1644, marching with competent forces from Oxford to¬ wards ac Ahington took her laftfarewelof the King, whomfhe never faw again. In July following embarkt at Fin • dsnm Caftle, file failed into From, where entertained at the Charges of her Nephew the prefent King 0 France, (he paffed a folitarj ntiril life until the moneth of OUikr 1660 when upon theReftauratioa of her Son to the Crown of Erf land, (he came to London, and ha- ving fettled her Revenues here, (he went again with her youngeft Daughter the Lady Henrietta into France, to fee her efpoufcd to the then Duke of Anjou , now of Orff tins; andinthe moneth July being returned into England, (he fettled her Court at Somerfet-Houji , where (he continued till May i^ 65 > then croffed the Seas again,and ha# 20 ever fmce continued in France het? Native Countrey, till her death. She needeth no other Charafter then what is found in the Seventh Chapter of that inimitable Bools compiled by- him- that-knew her belt chap, xr. Of the prefect Princes WPritD ceffes of the Blood ,... T rie firft Prince of the Blood (in Trance called a-Moufitur jam tjnme) is the Moll: lliuftrious Prince fames Duke of 2 V/>, Second Son to King Charles the Martyr, and only Brother to the prefent King our So- veraign; He was born Ott.beru,. 1633'. and forthwith proclaimed at the Court Gates Duke of Teethe 24th of the fame month was baptized,and afterward committed-to the Go- . K. 5. vernmenc: to2 £t)e pjefatt §>tatc verntnent of the then Coumfs of . Dorfet. The 17 of Jn/j 164 3, at Oxford via createdby Letters Patent Duke of York, (though called fo by fpecial command from his Birth) without thofe Solemnities (the iniquity of the times not admitting thereof) that were ufed to the King his Fa¬ ther 1605, when being Second Sou to King James , and fo Duke of AU bany in Scotland, was created Duke of Turk, with the preceding Solemn Creation of divers young Noblemen to be Knights of the Bath , and the Robes of State put upon him, the Of .■efSteff on-hisHead. and thejo/d* Rod into his Hand, the Prime Nobi¬ lity and the Heralds a Hi (ling at that Ceremony. After the Surrender of Oxford, Ms Royal Higbnefs was in 1646, ■conveyed to London by the' then prevailing difloyal part of the Two Tioufe of Parliament, and commit¬ ted with his Brother-.fi/ocryfrranii -Siller. Elizabeth, to the careof the Northumberland- P OfCttglauD. 203 Jri 164!!, aged about iy, was by Colonel Bampjield conveyed in a difguife or habit of a Girle beyond Sea, firft to bis Sifter the Princefs Royal 0 f Orange in Holland, and af¬ terward to the Queen bis. Mother, then at TCrm, where he was careful¬ ly educated iji the Religion of the Church of' England, and in all Exer- cifes meet for fuel) a Prince. About the Age of 20. in Trance he went into the Campagne ,and fer- ved with much Gallantry under that great Commander the then Prptc- Itant MfirifchaldeTunme for the Ftw&King- againft the Spanifi for¬ ces in F landers. Notwithftanding which', upon a Treaty between the TrewA King and C.ramrtcl in 16 $$', being ob¬ liged with all ’his retinue to leave the French Donjinions, andinvited Under s bv Don }ium of An- .(Ida, hetbereftrved under him a- gainft the Fwawli'King,then leagued ' Wh the FugliJlS Rebels a g.ii '4 SpfuV'V !Where' hi s'-Magiwixn) %$z patent &tatc a d Dexterity in Martial affairs', (though unfuccefsfu!) were very eminent. . In the year 1666 came over with the King into England, and being Lord High Admiral, in the year 16<5 5, in the War againft the Vnitti Statesofthe N eathtrlands,commid- ed in perfon the whole Royal Navj on the Seas between England and Holland, where with incomparable valour and extraordinary hazard of his own Royal Perfon, after a mod {harp difpute he obtained a Signal Victory over the whole Dutch fleet commanded by Admiral Of dm, who perilht with his own and many more Dutch Ships in that Fight. He married Anne the Elded Daughter of Edvard Earl of Cla¬ rendon , late Lord High Chncellour ol England , by whom he hath bad a numerous iffue,whereof are living firft the Lady Mary, born 3 0 Aftil 1662, whofe Godfather was Prirct Rtifert, and Godmothers the Dot- chefles of Buckingham and Ormtd of€ng! t m - Secondly, the Lady Anne, born in Ur. 1664. whofe Godfather was Gilbert Lord Archbifiop of Canter- kr] , her Godmothers were the young Lady Mar) her Sifter and theDiKchefsof AAonmonth. She is litely for her health tranfporced in- toF ranee. Thirdly, 15 Sept. 1667, was born Edgar ,lately oeatedDuke of Cambridge by Letters Patent under the Greac Seal of England , whofe Godfathers were the Duke of Albermarle and the Marquis of Wmfter.lns Godmother the Conn- tefsofS uffolk^ The Titles of his Royal Highnefsf The D..keofYorkand Albany, Earl (fUL er, Lord High Admiral of England, Ireland, and all Foreign t tarnations , Confiable of Do ver-Ca- ftle, Lord warden of the Cinque Ports, Govemar of PortfmoutlL,:. of the Prince of Orange. Nest to theDukeofTw-^and his I flue, is William oi Najfau Prince of Orange , onely lffueof the lately deceafed Princefs Royal MarjMd Daughter to King Charles the Firfl, and wedded 1641, to mllw of Naffan, the only Son to Hear] Prince of Orange, Commander in Chief of all the Forces of the States General both by land and by Sea, His Highnefs the prefent Prince was born 9 days after his Fathers! death on the 14th Nove-mh. i6jc, had for Godfathers the Lords S m General of Holland and Zealand,id the Cities oi Velft',Leydai^U r AK- jrerdam, ■ • " His- Governcfs waVthfe Engl® I.ady Sianhopyhen Wife to the Hec? Van Hnnliet. At Eight years of age was fent to ibe Vmvcrfuy of Leyden. Ms ofCngiant)* His yearly Revenue is about" 60000/. Sterling, befides Military advantages enjoyed by his Father acd Anceftors , which amounted priy to about 30000 l. Sterling more. He is a Prince in whom the high and Princely qualities oi his Ance- ftors already appear. of tbcPrincefs Henvietca. The next Heir (after the fore- Mined) to the Englifh Crown, is the Prince ft Henrietta , only Sifter living to the prefent F.mgof E^- W. She was born, the 16th day of J me 1644 at Exeter during the heat c r thelate Rebellion , after thefnr- tender of Exeter conveyed to Ox'- jtrd\ and thence 1646, to London, whence with her Governefs the Lady Dalkeith ■, the efcaped int -5 lime, was there educated as be. «me her high Birth and Quality, o8 %l)t pjefent&ttate of Prince Rupert. Next to the ifliie of the Prince Eleclor Palatine , is Prince Rufitt^ born at Prague 17 Decern■ 1619, not long before that very unfor¬ tunate Battel there fought, whereby not-only all Bohemia was loft, but the Palatine Family was foralmol 30 years difpofleft of all their Pot Sfellions in Germany. At 13 years of age he-.Martin with the then Prince of Orttrgt to the.S/'egeof Rhine berg ; altertvardi in. England was made Knight oi the Garter- At the age of 18 he commanded a Regiment of Merfe in the Germsa Wars, and in the Battel of 1638, being taken by the Imperii lifts under the Command of Count; HatzfielJ, he continued aPrifoner above.three years. It of eng w* 213 In 1642, returning into England^ and made General-of the'Horfeto the King, fights and defeats Colonel Smis near mrcefter, routed the Rebels Horfe zl Edge-Hill,look Cs- r.ncejhr , raifed the Siege of Ne¬ wtek, rcco'/eK& Lkhficldzni Bri- fcl, raifed the long fiege before L>t- ilm Houfe , fought the great Battel at Marfton Moor,ms created Earl of Htldernefs, and Duty of Cumber- Uni, after the extinftion of the Male Line of the Cliffords 1643. Finally theKings forces afland being total- lydefeaced, he tranfported himfelf into France , and was afterward made Admiral of fuch Ships of War as fubmitted to King Charles the Second, to whom after divers difa- HersatSea, and wonderful preferva- tions, he returned to Paris 1652, where, and in German], fometimes at the Emperossrs Court , and fome¬ times at Hejdelberg , he parted his time in Princely ftudies and exercifes, till the ReRaurationof His Majcrty now raigning ■, after whiebpreturn- 2i 4 Xije t>Utc ing into E ngland, was made a Pri- V j Counfellour in i662,andin i6<56, being joyned Admiral with the Duke of Albemarle, firftattach the whole Dutch Fleet with his Squadron , in fuch a bold refolute way,that he put the Enemy foon to flight. He enjoys a Pcnjtou from'His Majefty of 4000 l.per Annum, and the Government of the Cattle of W'mdfor. After Prince Rupert', the next Heirs to the CroWn of England are 3 French Ladies, daughters of Prince Edward lately deceafed, who was a younger Son of the Queen of Bo¬ hemia ; whofe Widow the Princefs ■DoW’ager, Mother to the faid three Ladies, is Sitter tothe late Queen of Poland , D slighter and Coheir to the laftDukeof Severs in France, a- mongft which three Daughters there isa Revenue of about 12000/' Sterling a y ear. The The Ekleftjpf -thele is married to kCuked’ £;g/ip^£ldeR Son to he Prince of '.Comic.. The.Second is mnrricd to ]ohn Frcdmc\ Cuke jf Enmfrvick- and Lumnburg at After the/c t is-thePrif.ee h.Xlizi- ■till ,Eldeft Sifter living to the Prince E letter P«l>-ttin , born 2 <5 Leceneb. 1618. unmarried and living in Ger- m] , is Abbeffe of Hervcr&w, bucof the Prot'eftanc Religion. The next is another Silier called tkPrincefs Lotiifa , bred'up at the H^ue with the Queen her Mother in the Religion of the Church of belaud, at length embracing the Rrnijb. Religion js now Lady jibbefs of Meutl;n([o/i at P.onthoife, not far IromJbtnV.. Lad of all is the Frincefs Sophia , youngeft Daughter to the Queen of Etkm’ta , .born, at the Hague , 13 OM. idao. and in 1.658. wedded 21.6 %t)e patent &tate to Erneft Augujle Duke of Bmf. wick, and Lunenburg , Bifhop of Ofr.aburg, by wlionrfhe hath had divers Children. Of thefe three Princeffes it is faid, that the firft is the moll: turned, the fecond the created Jrtift, and the laft one of the moll: accowplifit La- dies in Europe. CHAP. XII. of the Great Officers ef th Crown. N Ext to the King and Princtl of the Blood are recto the Greet Officers of the Cm whereof there are Nine, viz. tl Lord High Steward of England, ill Lord High Chancellonr , the Lof High Treafurer, Lord Prefidmf the Kings Council , the Lord Frit Seal, the Lord Great Chamberlin ' the Lord High Confiablc , the E« Marp>al, and the Lord High din ral. f® ofCnglanu* 2I7 The firfl Great Officer of, the High Crown, according to the account o( s,eMr l our Anceftors, was thi Lord High Steward otEngland, or Viceroy ; for fothe word Steward imports in the Smn Tongue,from Stcde and Ward locum tenens, in French Lieutenant and was the fame Officer wi l 1 1 tlie Etichs Drotzct, that is, Regnivice hx in Sweden, and the Stadtholder in Denmark. , who is alfo called Tuny or Lieutenant dtt Roy. Our Common Lawyers file him Mag- Kti Anglia: Senefchallus , of Sen m Saxon fujhce , and Schals a Gover- wr or Officer. He was antiently the Highert Of¬ ficer under the King, and his power fo exorbitant, that it was thought ficnot longer totruft it in the hands ofanySubjeft, for his Office was. hfenider'e & regulare fttb Rege & mediate pofi Regent (as an ancient Record fpeaks) totum Regnum An - (lit & onines miniftm Lcgum infra dim regnum temporihu .pads. & (mnarurn. L The %l)t patent &tatc The laft that had a State of Inhe¬ ritance inthis High Office, was Hes r y of Bu&dwk. (Son and Heir to the great Duke of Lancafier John of Gam , afterwards King of to- land) fince which time they have been made only pro hoc vice , to offi¬ ciate either at a Coronation by vertue of which Office he fitteth ju¬ dicially and keepeth his Court in the Kings Palace at Wiftmfa and there receiveth the Bills and Pe" ridons of all foch Noblemen ando= thers, who byreafonof their nure, or otherwise, claim to do Ser¬ vices at the New Kings Coronation, and to receive the Pees and Allow¬ ances due and accuftomed; as late ly at the Coronation of King Chrlti the Second, the Duke of Orird was made for that occafion Lor High Steward of England, a™ (marching immediately before tiie King, above all other Officers of the Crown) bore in his hands &■ Edwards Crown : Or-elfe forthe Arraignment of fome Peer.of t® of encflank 2[p . Realm, their Wives or Widows, for Treafon or Felony, or fome other great Crime, to judge and give Sen¬ tence, as the ancient High Stewards were wont to do ; which ended, his Commifiion expireth: During fuck Trial he fitteth under a Cloth of E- flare,and they that fpeak to him fay. May it pleafe your Grace my Lord. High Steward of E ngland. His Com- milfion is to proceed Secundum Lc- pm & confuetudinem Anglia. He is foie Judge , yet doth call all the Twelve Judges of the Land to afllft him. Is not [worn , nor the Lords who are the Triers of the Peer ar¬ raigned. During his Stewardfhip he bears a White Staffe in his Hand, and the Trial being over , openly breaks it, and fo his Office takes an end. Next-'The Lord High Chancellour, Lori Summits Cancellarius , fo called, Cancel- becaufe al [ Patents, Commijfms , £ « r - Warrants, coming .from tbs King, L 2 and i2 o %\)i patent ^tate andperufed by him , are figned, if Well, ox cancelled, ■ Dignity. He is after the King and Princes of the Blood in Civil affairs (there being now no Lord High Steward) the highefi Perfon in the Kingdom, as the Arcb-bifiop of Canterbury is in E cckfutftical Affairs. His Office is to keep the Kings Great Seal, to judge, not according totheOwwo# Law , as other Civil Courts do , but to moderate the ri¬ gor-of. the Law, and to judge ac¬ cording to Equity, Conjciem, or Reafm. His Oathis to do right to all man- nerof People poor and rich, after theLaws and Cuftoms of the Realm, and truly counfel the King, to keep fecret the Kings Counfel, nor Mcr fo far as he may, that the Rights ot ,the Crown be diminiflir, &c. From the time of Henry a. the . Chancellors of England have been ordinarily of CusiattD* 221 ordinarily made of Bijbops, or other Clergy-men, learned in the Civil Laws, rill Henry 8. made Chancel, lour firft Sir Thomas AC ore, and af¬ ter him 7 homos Audlej. After whom alfo was made Lord Chan- cellour Sir Richard Rich Knight, Lord Rich (a Common Lawyer) who had been firft the faid Kings Solicitor, and afterwards Chancel- lour of his Court of Augmentation, from whom is defeended the pre- fent Earl of Warwick, and the Earl of Holland■, fincc which timethere have beeri'iomeBifhops, butmofl: Common Lawyers. This High Office is in Trance du- mte vita, but here, is durante hens- flacito Regis. The Salary from the King is 848 ssUryi l. per Annum. •, and when the St.tr- • Chamber was up, 200 1 per Annum more for his Attendance fhere. The Lord Chancellour- or. Lord Cmtioni Keeper (who differ only in Name) ^treated per traditionem- mam S i- l 3 £///; gilli ftbi per domnnm Regem, and by taking his Oath. The Great Seal being lately taken from Editor* Earl of Clamdm Lord Chancellour, was by His Ma- jellies great favour bellowed upon Sic Orlando Bridgman ,with the Ti¬ tle of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England. The Third Great Officer of. the »'■ Crown is the Lord HigbTnafmr of England, who receives this high Office by delivery of a mite Stop to him by the King, and holds ltd*; rante beneplacito Regit. ' _ Anciently he received this Dig-, nity by the delivery of the Gom Kejsoi the Treafnrj- His Oath is little different from that of the Lord Chancellour. , ' He is Prafelhis\£rarii , a Lori by his Ope, under whole Charge and Government is all the Kmg> Revenue kept in the Exchequer. w •hath alfo the reof all the of cngianti* 22 % any way employed in collefting 1 m- pfls,Cufloms, Tributes fit other Re¬ venues belonging to the Crown. He hath the gift of all Cuflomers, Con. miters, and Searchers in all the Forts of England. He hath the nomination of the Eflheators in every County, and in fome Cafes by Statute is to appoint a Me purer for the length and breadth of Clothes. He, with others joyned in Com- miffion with him,or without,letteth Leafesof all the Lands belonging to the Crown.' He giveth Warrants to certain Perfon's of Quality to have their wine Cuftom-frec. The Annual Salary of the Lord High Treafurer is in all 383 1 . 7 s. 8 d. per Annum. Since the deceafe of Thomas Wriotheflj laft Earl of Southampton , and laft Lord High Treafurer of England, this Office hath been executed by a Commiffi- . on granted to three eminent Per- fons, viz; the Lord Afbley, Sir Thomas Clifford , and Sir fohn Dun - comk L.4.. The 22+ ^njcwcfcnt State Uri The Fourth Great Officer named tuft, in the Statute 31 Hen 8. is the Lord inu Prcfident of the Kings Privy Conn- cil, art Officer as antient as King Johns time, was ufually called Con- jilijrixs Capitals. His Office is to attend upon the King, to propofe bufinefs at Council-Table, and then to report to the King the feveral Tranfifttons there. It hath been alwayes granted by Letters Patents under the Kings Great Seal durantt beneplacito. This Office of later times is grown obfoletc , the lad: that had this honour, was the late Ear! of Manchefier. Notv the Lord Keeper ufually. iupplies his place. terd The Fifth the Lord PrhjSml, Prhj who is a Lord by his Office, under *«'• whofe hands pafs all Charters and Grants of the King, and Pardon figned by the King , before they come to the Great Seal of England’, alfo divers other matters oflefs con¬ cernment, of CttfilanD. 1 '225 cernment,as for payments;-of mony, &c. which do not pafs the Great Sea!.. : • • : He is by his Place of the icings hivy-Cottml and Chief Judge of the Court of Retjmfis, when it fhall be re-continued-; arid beiides his Orth of Privy Counfellour-takes a.particular Oath as Lord Privy ■Sid:- - His Salary is 1500/- per Annum. His Place, according to Statute is next to the Lord.. Prefident of the .Kings Council-- . It is an Office of great Truft and Dignity. Sk II, that he put not this-Seal to a- ny Grant withouc good' Warrant under the Kings Privy Signet nor with Warrant, if it be againlt Law orCudotn , until that the King be firll acquainted. This great Officer is.mentioned in the Statutes of 2 Rich. 2. arid then ranked amongft the.Chief Per- fons of the Realm. . And is at prefent enjoyed, by jibs Lord Roberts, Barn Roberts of L5 Trim, 2-6 $|}e pjelent £>tate Trnro , at prcfent. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and executed by.Coni- miffioners under him; who are Sir Edward Deering^Thmas Stride land, and fkobert Milward Efquire, chi m- The Sixth Great Officer of the buhit. Crown is the Lord Great Chambir- lain of England , an Officer of great Antiquity, to whom belongs Lmj and Lodging in the Kings Court and certain Fees due from each Jrchbijhop and Bijbop when theydo their Homage or Fealty to the King, and from all Peers of the Realm at their Creation , or doing the Horn# or Fealty , and at the Coronation of any King to have 40 Ells of Criaft Velvet for his own .Robes, and on the Coronation day before the King rifeth,to bring HsShirt,Coyfe,iVtSf inf Clothes,- and after the King is bj him apparalled and gone forth, to have his Bed and all Furniture 0! m Bed-Chamber for his Fees, all * Kings Night Apparel, and to carry at the Coronation the Coyfefil acu 227; and Lime »to be ufed by the King upon that occafion • alfo the Sword and Scabbard-, and the Gold to be of¬ fered by the King, and the Rob: hjal and Crtmm, and to mdrefs and attire the King with his Robes Royal, and to ferve the King that day before and after Dinner with Wer to wafh his hands, and to have the Bafin and Ton els for his Fees, &c. This Honour was long enjoyed by the Earls of Oxford, from the time of Hen. I. by an Eft ate Tajle or Inheritance, but in the two Lift Coronations by the Earls of Lind- l\}, and that by an Eftate of Inheri¬ tance from a Daughter or Heir Ge¬ neral claimed and controverted. The Seventh Great Officer is the Cmjldbt- Lord High Conffable of England, fo called fome think from the Saxon Opting ( by contraction King and Stable, cjitafi Regiscelttmen, for it was antiently written Cttninftable , bat rather from Comes Stabuli, whofc a:S 3D)c-$cfent, whofe Power and Jurifdiftion was 'anciently fo great, that after the death of Edward Bohn# Duke of Snekingkm ijai s tlie ■ Conflable ofE^/.W,it was thought too great for any Subjeft. But fince, upon occafion of Coro' : nations(as at that of King Charles i. was made the late Earl of Nw tktmbcvland; and at Solemn Trials bv Combat (as at that which was intended between Rcj and Ramfcj, 163 i,wasmr;de Robert Earl of Lins; • fej) there is created pro hue vita Lord Hi«hCo»ftdlc, His Power and Jurifdiftion is the fame with* E art Marflid . with whom he (its Judge in the Marjbds Court, Mi takes place ofcheEar/ Marfli.il. ; Ttrl The Eighth Great Officer or the 'Mtrjn.d. Crown is the E arl Marflid ofE*J- ’ hndfo called from Man in the oil SVxon (i.e.)Horfcs; and Schdflu- fichu- He is an Earl,feme fiy,byhis • Office , whereby he taketh as the Conftablc doth , Cognifanceof all matters ofCnfiWnk matters of War and Arms , deter¬ mined) Contracts touching Deeds of * Armsw/fcf the Realm upon Land, and matters concerning Wars with- in the Realm, which cannot be de¬ termined by Common Law. This Office isof great Antiquity in Eh *Lwd, and anciently of great Power. The laftEarlMarfhal ms Henry Unmet Earl of Arundel, who died in 1652, his Father Thomas Earl of Arundel and he enjoying that 01- (iceonely for the term of their lives by the Kings Letters Patents. At the Coronation of His Maje- ftyno.v Raigning, the prefentEarl o c i Suffolk. for that Solemnity onely was mkUrlMarlhd. , At prefent that great Office is e;:- ecuted in part by a Commiflion granted by His Ma jelly to fobs Lord Mens, Lord Privy Seal, to Henry Fierpnt Marquis of Dorchefter , to liseard Montague Earl of ATwchc- /wandLord Chamberlain, and to Charles 21CJ 2 }c %l)c piefent state Charles Howard Earl of Carlif>\ See. Almiril Tl’ e Ninth and laft Great Officer of the Crown is the Lord High Ad¬ miral of England, whofeTruft and Honour is fo great, that this Office hath uftially been given either to fomeof the Kingsyounger Sons.near Kinfmen, or to fome one of the higheft andchiefeftof all the Nobi¬ lity. He is called Admiral from Am in Arabic^, in the Gni{, that is Prajeflus Marimu, a word borrowed from theEaftern Empire, where fuch kind of compoulidi were much in requeft, and introdu¬ ced into England after the Wars is the Holj Land by King Richr.rh King Edward i. The Patent of the Lord Admit A did anciently run thus, Anglis,Hi bernia,& AcjaitanU, Magmis Al- miratlus ; but atprefentthus, At- glia & Hibernia ac Domimrmti Infulmtm eartmdm. Villa Caltfa & M^: OfCUSttMD* 231 (#. Marcbiammejstfdem, Neman- Gafcem. 233 This High Dignity is at prefent .enjoyed by the Kings, .only Bro- [ther the Illuftrious Prince fames Duke of York. CHAP XIII. )/ the Kings Court,//* Eceleft- tjlical , Civil, and Military Government thereof , with a Catalogue of the Kings Privy Councilors , of the Kings ■fmlgcs. Sergeants, &C. T>He Court of the King of Eng- I Wis a Monarch] within a Umrchj, confiding of Ecclefiajli- il, Civil, and Military Perfons mi Government. For ‘the Ecdefiadical Govern- Eceiefu- icnt of the Kings Court, there is MG* ill a Dean of the Kings Chappel, rho isufually fome grave Learned ’relate, chofen by the King, and who 34 Patent &tate who as Dean acknowledged no J* permrbut the King,for as the King Palace is exempt from all inferior Temporal Jurifdiftion , fo is tiii Chappel from all Spiritual ; it is cal led Capella Dominica , the Dim C.happel, is not within the Jurifdi- ftion or Diocefs of any Bifhop, bit as a Regal Peculiar exempt andtt; fervedto the Vifitatio'n andlmnS? diate Government of thfe King, wbo is Supreme Ordinary, and as it W pHihe Bifhop. over all the Churche and Bifh'ops of England; By the Dean are chofenall oltc Officers of the Chappel, vizASi dean, or Precentor Capellr, 3 .^ tlemen of the Chappel ; t where 12 are PrieHs , and one of th'eiii 'Confejfor to the Kings HouThold whofe Office is to read Prayers e« ry Morning to the Family, tori the fick, to examine and prepii Communicants, to inform frith defire advice in any Cafe of Coi erice or point of Religion, i of€ttgl&w& 2 The other 20 Gentlemen, com¬ monly called Clerks of the Chappel, are with the aforefaid Priefts to per¬ form in the Chappel the Office of Divine Service in Praying, S'mg- m,&c. Oneofthefe being well skilled in Mufc^, is chofen Ma¬ in 5/ the Children, whereof there ire 12 in .Ordinary,to ir.ftruft km in the Rules and Art ofMufick or the Service of the Chappel. rhree other of the faid Clerks are Wen to be Organifis, to whom are joyned upon Sundays , Collar kjr, and other Holy days \ the Wkhnts and CiMtf'belonging to k Kings Private Mufick, to make lie .Chappel Mufick more full and tomplear. There are moreover 4 Officers ailed Vergers , from the Silver Rods carried in their hands, alfo a h[emt , 2 Yeomen, and a Groom of theChappel. In the Kings Chappel thrice every Jay Prayers are read, and Gods Service and Worftiip performed with 236 £9e pjefcnt 3 >tate with great Decency, Order, and Di¬ vot ion , and fhould be a Pattern to all other Churches and Chappelsof England. The King hath alfo his private Oratory where fome of his Chap¬ lains read-Divine Service to the King on working dayes every Morn¬ ing and every Evening. ' Twelve days in the year, being high and principal Feftivals-, His Ma jetty after Divine Service, at¬ tended with His principal Nobility, adorned with their Collars of the Garter , in a grave folemn mannet at the Altar Offers afum of ffdi to God, in fignum facialis Dominii, that by his Grace he is King, and holdethall of him. All Offerings made at the Holy Altar by the ACing and Queen, did anciently belong to the difpo- fa! of the Archbifhop of Canterk- r/,if his Grace were prefent, where- foever the Court was,but now to the Dean of the Chappel, to be diftribu- tedamongft the poor, ,. Thole 237 • Thofe 12 days are firft C Iftft- mfs, Eafier, wh:tfnnday t and All Smt, called Honjb’id-'days ; up¬ on winch theEcfant or Geld to" be offered, is delivered to the A'ingby the Lord Steward or fome other of the principal Officers: then A 7 ny-, jttrs-day, Tmlf.eby, upon chela-' er of which 0 old ■, E'ranlpnccnfe id Myrrhs, in feveral Furies are offered by the 7J’ Extraordinary) 48 Chaplains in trlmry , who are ufually eminent Mors in Divinity ; whereof 4 e- ieiy Moneth-wait at Court to rach in the Chappel on Sundays ltd ocher Feftivals before the JOng, m £t)e patent S>tatc 6 and in the Morning early on Sun: days before the Houlhold,to read Diyine Service before the A’ing, out ofChappel daily, twice in the Xing private Oratory, to give Thanks at Table in the Clerk of the Clofets all- fence. In time of Lmt , accordmgto Antient Laudable Cuftom , the Divine Service and Preaching is performed in a more folemn man¬ ner. • Anticntly at Court there were Sermons in Lent onely, and that in the Afternoon, in the open Conrr, and then only by Bifhcps, Beam, and principal Prebendaries: Our An cetlors judging that time enough, 8 thofe perfons only fit to teach fuel an Auditory their duty to God am Man. Antiently alfo the Lent Prea chers were all appointed by m Archbifiiop of Canterbnrj. Not on the firft Wednefday, called d!i Wednfday , in the Morning, begin the Dean of the Chappel to preach on ea«h Wedmfdaj after one of b of€ttgiank 2 3 p Majefties more eloquent Chaplains, every Friday the Deanof fome Ca¬ thedral or Collegiate Church: on the laft Friday called Good Friday, is always to preach the Bean of Wijlmlnftcr ; on every Sunday in Lent fome Right Reverend Bijhop preacheth, and on the laft Sunday of Lent , called Palm-Sunday, is to preach an Archhijhop , and upon Eafter-day the Lord High Almoner, who is ufually fomp principal Bifliop, that difpofeth of the Kings Aimes, and for that ufe jtecciveth (befides other moneys allowed by the King) all Deodands & Bona Telonum de fe, to be that way difpofed. In France the Grand Aumofnkr is principal of all the EcclefiaHicjnes of the Court, and all Officers of the Kings Chappel ; he receiveth their Oaths of Allegiance, and himfelf fwears only to the King for that Of¬ fice; he hath the-difpofition of all Hofpitals, the Charge for deliver¬ ing Prifoners pardoned by the King at his coming to the Crown, or ax 4 0 fiip relent State his Coronation.or firft entrance into any of his Cities. Under the Lord High Almoner there is a Subalmontr , two Tit- men and two Grooms of the hi- monry. , . Betides all chefe, the Jftnghatha , Clerioi theClofet or Confefir to His Majefty , who is commonly fome reverend difcrect Divine ex¬ traordinarily efteemed by His Maje¬ fty, whofe Offce is to attend at the Kings right hand during Divine Ser¬ vice, to refclve all doubts concerning fpirirual matters, &c. The Prefent Dean of the Chappel isDoftor Bl.wford Bifhop of Oxford, whofe Tee is 200 /. yearly and a Ta¬ ble, his Subdean isDodtor fmt, whofe Fee is 100 /.yearly. • The Fee of e3ch Prieft and Clerk efthe Chappel isyo/. yearly- Th eClerkof the Clofet is Doctor Grew Dean of Chichefler , a younger fon to the Lord .Crew of Stem in Com. Northampton ,receives 20 No¬ bles Fee per annum. ^ of Cubans, 2 4 i „ Tjle Unit'd Wgb Almoncf. is Do r flor Henchman Bifliop, of -London hath no Fee.- his Snl)-Almoner is Do^or Perinchef ,' whofe fee is 6/' 61.10 £ For the Civil Government of the civil Kings Court, the Chief Officer feCw*. the Lora Steward, called alfo in the «■'«• time of Henry 8. the Great Mafler ■ of the Kings Houfhold after the French-Mode, but Prime.Maria. and ever lince called the Lord Stew¬ ard ofthe.Kings Houfhold.. He hath Authority over all Offi¬ cers and Servants of'the Kings Houfe, except thole of His Maje¬ llies Chappel, Chamber, andSta- b!e. &c .- • ; ■ He judgeth of all diforders com¬ muted in the. Court, or within the Verge , which isevery way within ]r wles of the chief Tunnel of the Court (only London by Charter is exempted) for the Law having an mgh efteem of the dignity of-the Kings fetid Manfion-Houfc laid M' ’ out • , 2 %$z picletU £>tatc ^ out Inch a Plot of ground about his. ^fpreid aWihcWngsChsirof ffi^ttiaroughitobe-moreclear. ed and void than other pi cesj to be fubieft to a fpectal exempted^u- rifdiftion depending on the Kings pdrfon and Great Officers, tkt jj Where the King comes, there fhou.d come with him 'Peace andOnfcr, “ hearts; befides it would have been a kind of echpfing of the King: Sou thatwheretheKingwas Irv T h ce fhould’be fought, but Officers- and therefore from very Vtnc hath been executed by the ioiftewardwithgreatCeremJ in the nature of a peculiar King) • Bench, and thatnotonly^»b the Kings Dominions nd Revenues appointed tor the Kings breed of Horfes , and for Charges of the Stable , and for h.- ters Coaches, Sumpter Horfes, &c. He only hath the P" w/f ^ t0 make ufe of any Horfes, Pag«. Footmen belonging to the Km B St Atany Solemn he next behind the King, and leads a of cnglanD* 247 This gre^t Honour is now enjoy¬ ed by George Duke of Btfckjngbw. ■ His yearly I ; ee is 66 6 J._i 6 s. 4 1 and a Table of 1$. difhes each Meal. The account of the Stables for Horf-Meat , Liver.y Wages and Board Wages, are brought by-the Avener, being. Chief Clerk of the Avery, to be parted and allowed by the Board of the Green-Cloth. Under thefe three Principal Offi- . ccrs of His Ma jellies Houffiold are almoftall the other Officers and Ser* vans. . Firft, under the Lord Steward in the Comfting-lmfe is the Treasurer of’the Houffiold. . Comptroller. Cofferer. Mailer ofthe Houffiold. Two Clerks of the Green-Cloth, . Two Clerks Comptrollers. One Sergeant. Two Yeomen. M 4 The 4 s ©)e $elents>tate The Cofferers Clerks, or Clerks oftheAffignment. The Groom. . .TwoMeffengers; It is called th eCompti»gfiftfi:. rrufe the Accomptsforall Expenco of the iCings Houfhold arethcie taken daily by the Lord Steward, theTreafurer, the Comptroller, the Cofferer, the'Matter of-the Hon*. (hold, the two Clerks of the Green- Cloth and the two Clerks Comp¬ trollers, .who alfo there make Pro- vifions for the Houfhold, according to the Law of the Land; and make Payments and Orders for the well- governing of tlie Servants of t e Houfhold. . , In -the CmftiKg-HMft is t‘' e Green-Cloth , which-is it Court of Juftice continually fitting m the Kings Houfe/compofed^f the Per- fons la ft mentioned-, whereof the three firft are nfinlly of the Kings Privj Council. To this Court be¬ ing the firft and moh antient Court of 3 ntUmd. is committed the ■ 6 ’ • charge ofCnglanw 249 charge and over-fight of the Kings Court Royal for matters of Juft ice and Government, with Authority for maintaining the Peace within 12 miles diftance , wherefoever the Court fhall be and within the Kings Houfe the power of correUing all the Servants therein that fhall any tvay offend. It is called the Great-cloth, of a Green-Cloth whereat they fit, 0- ver whom are the Arms of the Comfting-houfe , bearing Vena Key. aula Rod Or,a Stajfe Argent Saul-, tire, fignifying their Power to re- nerd and cornel , as Perfor.s for their great wifdom and experience. thought fit by His Majefty toexer-. rife both thefe Funftions in his Roy¬ al Houfe. The T rcafmro f the KingsHoufe- is always of. the Prhy Council and in abfence of the Lord Steward hath power with th e-Cemptreller and Steward of the MarSialfea to hear and determine Treafotts, Felonies , and other inferiour Crimes commit- M 5 ted piciene mm ted within the Kings Palace and tSt byVerdiftof the Kings Hou- ^Hon fall Servants within the rheck Roll , if an y be f° un( f 8 ullt V o^^odftofClerp^ be allowed him. Antiently this Court might tayohcUP/^of Freehold alfo. Q , His yearly Fee 124 /■ 1 4 *- and arable of 16 Dilhea1 each Meal. He bears a White Staffe, and is at prefent Sir Thomas Clif¬ ford, The Comptrollers Office 19 to cm- iroul the Accounts and Reckonings ofthe GreenCloth. His yearly Fee is 107 l-tz 4 a Table of 16 Diflies each Meal. He bears a White Staffe, and is at ptf fent Francis Lord Newport. The Cofferer is alfo a Principal Officer, hath a fpecial charge: and overfinht of other Officers of the Hotife, for their goodDeraeanour 25 F- snd Carriage in their.Offices’ and is to piy the Wages to theJKings Servants below Stairs, and for Pro¬ viders, by the direftion and allow¬ ance of tht Green-Cloth. His yearly Fee is 100/. a Table of7 Difhesdaily, and is now Co¬ lonel Will. AJhburtiham. The next is the Mafter of tin HtxJbolJ, whofe Office is tofur- vey the Accounts of tbeHoufe. HisFee 100 Marks and 7 Dirties drily,enjoyed.by Sir Herbert Price. All Bills of Controu!ment,_Par¬ cels and Brievments are toltcd and allowed,by the ClerksComptrollers, and dimmed up by the Clerks of the - Creen'Clctb. The Two Clerks of the Green- Cloth are Sir Hentry = Weed and Sir Stephen Fox, and the two Clerks .Comptrollers Sir william Bore wait and Sir Winslo»ChHrchill. The yearly Fee to each of thefe four^.is-48 /..T 3 s.^d. and between tiled. 3$3 %\)% patent ^tafe them z Tables of 7Diflw1.ro each Table. . v ' . The reft of the Compting-Houfe being lefs confiderable , fhall for brevity be paft over, and for other Officers below flairs, onely their Names and Number (hall be noted, their Fees being not confiderable, except the Sergeants Fee of each Office; only the Reader may here take notice that although the King payes (till the antient Fees which atfirft were of above 10 times the value they are now, yet the Per* quifics in many Offices, makefome- times a place of 10 /• Fee to be worth near 500 1 per Annum. In the Acaterj or the Caterers Of¬ fice , A Sergeant Robert Angel, a Clerk, Purveyors for Fiefh and Fi(h, Yeomen, in all 12 perfons. In the Poult], A Sergeant Simon Ager a a Clerk, Yeomen, Grooms, Purveyors, in all 1 0 perfons. Jr. the. BakerHoufe, A Sergeant Jlicbolas fohnfon, a Clerk, divers ofCttgiant)* 25 Yeomen-, a Garnitor, divers Pur¬ veyors, Grooms, and Condufts, in all iyPerfons. In the Wood-Yard, A Sergeant Mr. Bland , a Clerk , Yeomen, Groom, and Pages in all 8 perfohs. In the Scullery , A Sergeant William Dik, a Clerk, Yeomen, Grooms, and Pages, in all 12 Per- fons. In the Larder , A Sergeant, a Clerk, 3 Yeomen, 3 Grooms, 2 Pages. In thePaJlry , A Sergeant t-yil- lim Aftley , a Clerk, Yeomen;, Grooms, and Children, in all 11 perfons. Note , That from the Paflry to the Acatery , as the Clerk of one Office dies, the Clerk of the nexc under Office fuccceds; and from the Acatery as any of the Clerks of the Avtnary , Spicery, or Kitchin die , the Clerk of the. Acatery fucceeds ; and from thence to be one of the; Clerks Contmler , then Clerk of the Comftivg-lmfe-, then Matter of the frujbold, Jattly Cofferer of the Hoafiold •, higher than which this Succeffion goes not. Note alfo, That in each Office diete isaiucceffionfromone to an¬ other, as one of the Children may eomelobeGrpom, then Yeoman, then Gentleman, then Sergeant, as he happens to out.live them above him. In the Pantry \ A Sergeant Fm- cis Cobb,. Yeomen, Grooms,Pages, &.c. inallti. In the Cellar , A Sergeant .&• chard Dalton, a Gentleman, Yeo¬ men, Grooms, Purveyors, Pages, in all 12. In .the Battery , A Gentleman Robert Ernley , Yeoman, Grooms,. Pages, Purveyors, in all n. In the Pitcher-hottfe , A Yeoman, Grooms, Page, and Clerk, in all 5, perfons. OfCttgW. 25 h the Spicer) , Three Clerks.and 1 Grocer. In the Chandlery , A Sergeant Sir Thomas /Itomgs Baronet, a Yeo¬ men, 2 Grooms, and a Page, in all 6 perfons. hthe Wafer) ,. A Yeoman and a Groom. In the ConfeUmar], A Sergeanr.. % Yeomen, a Groom, and a Page. In the Ewry A Sergeant Ed. ffrpit, a Gentleman. 2 Yeomen,?. Groom, and 2 Pages. In the Laundry , A Yeoman, a Groom, 3 Pages, andaDraper. In the Kitchin ,. Tive Clerks , 3 to the King, viz. Henry Firehrafe, -> John Clements, jEfqtures, Ralphfackjon,. ■> . and 2 Clerks to the Queen, viz, john Manly , 7 Quires. Thome r nta*, $ The chief of thefe 5 Clerks hath a Pee and Diet, equal to an Officer of the Green. Chth : A Mailer Cook to the King fokn- Sa]tr } a Mailer ;$<5 Cook to the Queen^r. Harrnrt, a Matter Cook to the HouAiold fVill. A aft in ; each of thefe 3 aTa. ble of 5 Difhes.- 6 Yeomen, 7 Grooms, 5 Children, in all 36 per- fons. In the B oy ling-Hottfe , A -Yeo¬ man, 2 Grooms. In the Scalding-Honfc, Yeomen, Grooms, and Pages, in all 6. Harbingers , 2 Gentlemen Peter Watfon full Gentleman , 6 .Yeo¬ men. • In tbs Almonry , Sub-Almoner, 2 Yeomen, 2Grooms. Porters at Gate , A Sergeant Sir Edward Brett, 2 Yeomen , 4. Grooms. Cart-takers, 6 in number. Surveyors of tbs Drtffcr, 2 per- fons. Marfi.sis of the Half 4. Servers of the Hall ,' 5. Waytersof the Hall, 12. Mejfer.ger of the Compting-Hetife, I. '■ Bell-Ringer, l. ' . .. • - Long: ofCngiantu *$7 Long Cm-takers, 4. Wine-Porters, 8. Weed-Bearer , 1. The Cock., I- Supernumerary fervantstothe Infi¬ xing, viz. /«rfo Poultry i , /» the Almonry 1, and in the Pafiry 1. ■Befides the fore-named Officers. hlw Stairs, there are alfo under tie faid Lord Steward all the Offi¬ cers belonging to the Queens Kit- ■ thin, Cellar, Pantry, &c. and to the Kings Privy ICitchin, and to the Lords Kitchin, -.together with- Children, Scomers, Turn-breaches, &c. in all 68. ' ALifi of His Mdjefiles Ser¬ vants in Ordinarj above Stairs. G Entlemtn of the 'Bed-Chamber, whereof the firft is called Brm of the Stole , that is according to thefignificatiori .of the word in \ Greek, 258 pjctettt Greek., from whence firft the La¬ mes and thence the Italian, and French derive it) Groom or Servant of the R- be or Vtfimat: He having the Office and Honour to prefent and put on His Majefties firft Gar* mentor Shirt every morning, and to order the things of the Bed- Chamber. • •‘The Gentlemen of the Bed- Chamber confiftufually of the Prime Nobility of England; Their Ofiitt in general is each one in his turn to wait-a Week in every Quarter in the Kings Bed-Chamber, there to lie by the King on a Pallet-Bed all night, and inthe abfence of the Groom of theStole to fupply his place. The yearly Fee. to. each is a iooo/. Their Names follow according, ti their Order , John Earl of Bath, Groom of the Stole and firft: Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber. George Duke of Buckingham. Cham ofCnslsnu; 259 Charles Duke of Richmond- (hriflofher Duke of Albemarle . William Duk e oiNewcaJllc. Earl of Ogle. Earl of Oprj.. Earl of Suffolk.- Earl of Rochester. Lord Gerrard- Lord Crofts. Lord Lauderdale'. Lord Mandevill. Lord Buckhnrft. The Vice-Chamberlain is Sir Carre Carteret. Keeper of His Majeflies Privy- Purfe is Mr. May. Treafurer of the Chamber is Sir lAward Griffin. He payes riding and lodging wages as the Lord Chamberlain Avail direft. Doftor Wren , Surveyor General olhis Majeflies Works. Matter of the Robes belonging to His Majefties perfon is at prefent Lawrence Hide fecond Son to the Earl of Clarendon. His Office is to have 60 %l)t patent &mi have the ordering of all His Maje- flies llobes, as thofe of Coronation, of St .Georges Feaft, and of Parlia¬ ment-, alfo of all his Ma jellies Wear¬ ing Apparel, of his Collar of Effes, Georges, and Garters befet with Diamonds and Pearls. Grooms of the Bed-Chdmhih \ ' '! Henr) Sejmour, • n John APibnrnhm, Thomas Elliot, David Walter, William Legg, Sjlvitts Tim, Efquires.. Thomas Killegrey?, Robert Philips, Edward Progers, Richard Lane , James Hamilton, Henr] Coventry Thefe are to be under the degree of Knights. Tfreii of€ttsiani). 261 Theic Office is to attend in the jings Bed-Chamber, to drefs and undrefs the King in private. &c. The yearly Fee to each is 500 /. Pages of the Bed-Chamber arc 6. hands Rogers. Hugh Griffith. Maurice de la Dale: 1hi Randn. Villi,tm Chiffins. Arundel Bull. The fifth of thefe is aifo Keeper of die Kings CabinetClofet. Gentlemen Ujhe'rs of the . Privy-Chamber. I.Umaduke Dan) Efqnire- - Sir Paul Neale. ■ ' ]sk Milton Efquire. Sir Thomas Not. . Thefe wait one at a time in the Privy-Lodgings ,&c. . Gentle- 6i £t)e»elntf£>M» in ordinary. Midfuromer Q^rter, Sir Edward Griffin . Sir Francis Cobb. Sullen Reymcs. ■ Col .Carlos. Sir Robert Benlos. Sir Thomas Sands. Edward Vernon. William Neale. Sir Richard odclj. Sir John Colton. AmbrofePudfej. Francis Berkley, Michaclmafs'Quarter. John mu. Sir Edward Sutton. Sir Robert Hilljard. Sir l William HyV/ard- Sir Samuel Moreland,. William Walter. o£€nslan& $jr John Lockett, Sir Robert Killegrew. ftjyillutm Sandtrfon. Sir Charles wheeler. Arthur Berkley . jifo Daws. Chriftmafs Quarter. lirtard Grey. Sir Jofeph Seymore. Sir Peter Killegrew Sir Edward Savage. •Sir Thomas Nevil. Hturj ‘ Markham, Sir John Mortem. Sir John Elms. Sir Jonathan Trelawny. fihn Scot. Sir John'DaWes. J ihn Beaumont. Ladyday Quarter. Ten yin Berttte. Sir Thomas Baniel. Sir ]acob Jdjbley. ■ 2 ***** Sir Francis Latvlej. Robert Thomae. Sir Gilbert Gerard. Sir Franck Clerk.- Sir J obn Mince. Sit William Swan. Colonel Charles Progersi John Crook.- . ■' Sir Philip Carteret. In number 48; ail Knights or E- fquires of note. Their Office is 12 every Quarter, to wait on the Kings Perfoa within doors and without. To long rtf Mis Majefty is on foot, and when.tne King eats in the Privy Chamber, they svait at the Table and bring in hisMeat. They wait alfo.at'the re¬ ception of Embafladors, and eve¬ ry Night two of them lie in the Kings Privy-Chamber.'. . A Gentleman of the Privy- Chamber by the. Kings. Qommaw went onely , without any .written Cmmijfion. is fufficientto arreft any 0f€tt£r!ati&; 265 Peer of England -, as Cardina!:^/. fey acknowledged, ■. ■ Groom of the . Ptivy-Chrimbtr m Ordinary , in nmmber 6,all .Gentle* men of Quality. ■ viz. .Maurice- Wjnx. ' fames.: Pngcrs,. Adrian May ,.. . ■RobertiThompfon} .■! fames Elliot. X: ■..:._'■ Thomas. Rejfe ' ' Thefe ( as all Grooms) Wait, with*’ out Sword, Cloak, or Hats where* 8! the • Gentlemen - of the . Privy - Chamber wear: alwayes Cloak ?and Sivordi •: In the pr'eftnetr Chamber , Gentle® men-Ufliers daily .Waiters; in Ordinary are 4:, whereof the firft bath theiOffice of Jto^^and in time of parliament is. to ^attend e» (try day the Lordsfloule, and is alfo IKher ofthe Honourable; Or¬ der ofthe Garter. Theyare now, ' Sir f.tbi Ajthitiui ; %\)Z .. sit'Edroar^Cartent, ' | •ter,. \ Their Office j s to wait in.the Pre- fence Chamber, and to auccndnext the Kings Perfon , ; and ‘dkC.the lord Chamberlain and .the. Vice- &rHn t oO I d«»fa^ to obey thefe are all under-Omcers above Stairs. .... r^tss:nsp Wbifiler, Is icolas^'Slanej EfquiceJ Chamber,andare.«. K g.ved 1 reM in >the:. a bfe-n C e:of the Gentlemen- ulhers daily waiters to the Groom and Pages and other ondervffi, ers i who are to attend la.al . ■ . ces next below thp.6gntlemfn.^ ofCnglank 267; The Grooms off Be Grfiaf Cham¬ ber are 14, the Pages of the Pre fence Chamber 4. •• Six Gentlemem Waiters.- ■Cap-Bearers iit Ordinary fmes'mfal-Eiqpw. Charles Littleton, Efquire.^ Sir william F/fttttW,Knight.-. . Sir Philip Palmer,. Efquire. . ' Mr. Ayrskin, Efquire. Carvers in Ordinary] phnTre lawny, Jehu Cooper, Chrijlepher Armas,[ William Champneys, •>ers in Ordinary, l ; > . , >Efquira, Armas V * - tmpncys ,) Setters to the Perfon in Ordinaryl \ Richard Irttyn Efquire, T himas Man Efquire, • Sir hhn Covert, Bevil Skelton Efquire. PfcjaWes of the Body iit Ordinary, Berdinando'Maffam .■ N 2 ft id S 68 ® tate Richard March, John -Hamm , fJenrjNorfcod, , Jndnw dSfexport r . ■ Thomas Cheek, , , v! TheirOfficeto § ua . rdt J c ^5 Perfon byNighc tofeaheWat h and give the Word, andkeepgood Order, in the whole Honfe by Night, -as the Lord Chamberlain and his other.Gfficers are to do by The Sewers of the Chamber arefo GrUmForter, Thcthas Ojjle) E* f HisOffice to fee the Kingsi tod? ingrfurnilht with Tables Chairs, Stools, Firing, to furmfli Cards, Dice &c. ta decide difputes anling at Cards,Diqe, .Bowlings, ^, There are 1.6 'Sergeants at Arms, all Gentlemen orKnights attending uponHisMajefty. . Thereare alfo ^otherSergeana^Axms.whereot ofCngiank one attends the Lord Prefidfent of Wale;, another attends the Speaker of the Houfe of Commons, and another the Lord Lieutenant of In- CHAPLAIUSinOrdi- nary^ox every Month,, as foliovveth : Januayi March; Dr Bancroft, Dr Croft ;, Dr Brikockj Dr Reeves, Y)r Jos.Beaumont, Dr Brough^ . Dr Colebrand. Dr Aiexfe. February. April, Dr Pierce. Dr Maine, Dr Shute , Dr Compton, Dr 'Export, . Dr Stillmfleet ’ Dr Crainki , Dr Creighton. 2 „ pjeCent ftttte May. September. Dr Fell Dr Sudbury, Dr Batharfl , Mr 0»lj- Dr Ptarfiu, Dr Stradlin , Dr Pemchief , Dr Tillotfon. Juried Oitobsr.' Dr Wood, Dr Colton, Dr Bajlre, Dr Neale. Dr Cut tram. Dr Bell, Dr 77w. Tulle]', Dr Smallwood. July, November. Dr Cartwright, Dr Caftillm , Dr Smith, Dr Maggot , ' Dr Jilltjlrtel Dr 'Bexfon, Dr Iohn LUjd, Dr william Llojl Auguft. December.' Dr Pleemod, Dr Hodges, Mr Ifaac Barrow, Dr Hardje, Dr Thom, Dr Ball, Dr Offlj. Drl^/^. of CttgMttD* 2 7i : Thefe48 Chaplains in Ordinary arc ufualy Doftors in Divinity,and for the raoft part Deans or Pre¬ bendaries, and all Principal Predica¬ tes.' .- Thjfitiani hi Ordinary to. His Ma jellies; Per (on are, SitJlexxnder Trafcr, iit Jobtt Babor^l DO&otClark : Doftor Hinton, affigned to attend upon the Queen. Thifitim m Ordinary .to the ; Houlhold. ZJofior Waldron. Doftor Scarborough for the Tow- irof London. \tml Hoitfe , sir Gilbert Talbot ■ Mailer and Treafnrer, and three under Officers called Yeomen and Grooms. Whofe Office is to take Charge -, of all Veflels of Gold or Silver gilc fQrthe King.and Queens Table, ot; N 4 a11 a 7 2 %Qt ail Plate in the Tower, of Chains and ioofe Jewels, not fist to any Gap ment. The Mailer of Ceremonies is Sis Charles Cottereljee ZOO l. one Af. fiftant Clement Cotterel E%ire,Fee 120 1 andoneMarfhil. Araongft His >Majellies Servants in Ordinary are to be reckoned the three Kings of Arms; fixHeradlds, and four Purfivants..at Armes;. the now Kings of Armes being, thefe: Firft , Sir Edtoard Knight, whofe Title is Garter, .and. unto v/hofe Office.it chiefly belongeth to attend and direft at thofe Ceremo. tries and Solemnities -as concern the mod noble Order of the Garter -, and to Marflnl the Solemn Fune¬ rals of the Knights of' than Order ; as alfo of the.- Peers of. this; Realm ; and todireft in ialli thinga-elfe rela-. ting to Armes, which do appertain to the Peerage. Secondly, Sir. Edward Eijh Knight, whofe-Title-is ClarettcieHX , and OfCttSl&ttK 273 and his Office chiefly to regulate anddireft the Proceedings, at ILh Solemn Funerals of all degreesun¬ der the Peerage of this Realm, as • flnll be Celebrated in his Province, which is the Counties on the South of T rent, and whatfoever elfe there relateth to Armes. Thirdly, william Dugdate Ef- qnire, whole Title is Norroy , aud whole Office is chiefly to regulate and direft as. aforefaid through¬ out his province, on the North o£ • Trent. The fix Herauldsxte thefe: - Elias Afimile , wihdfor Heranld,, Henry St. George , Richmond. Thomas Lee , Chefter. tit Thomas St. George Knjglit^f* merfet. John' Wingfield, Tor*. And Robert Chalontr , Lane after* The four T-ttrfivams are thefe, viz. JHestry DethickfRoHge - Croix. W $ . Robert-. 5 74 %%% &tm , • Robert Sanford-Rouge Dragon, j horns Holford-Vorteullice. And Thomas Segar BkVm » tie. ' The Offices of which Heraulis and P nrfniv/tnts, befides their Servi¬ ces ( v iz. all or fome of them) at great Solemnities as aforefaid ■ is , together with the-'foid Kings of Arms to attend at all Publick So. lemnities; and they, or fome of them to Proclaim War and Peace, carry Defiances, Summon Fortified Places, or Rebels in Arms, Pro¬ claim Traytors, and to do their beft Service in whatfoever relateth to the Nobility and Gentry of this Realme, in point of Honour and Armes. Of Wardrobe's the King hath ( be- fides the Great Wardrobe, whereof a particular account (hall be given clfewhere) divers (banding War¬ drobes at Whitehall, Windfor,Hamf- ton Court, the Twer of London, Grceir of€ngianfc 'Greenwich- &c. whereof there are divers Officers. Laftiy, removing Wardrobes, whereof there is one Yeoman, 2 Grooms, and 3-Pages; Jn the Office of'the Tents , Toy let , Hayes , and Pavilions , 2 Matters, 4 Yeoman, 1 Groom, x Clerk Comptroler, 1 Cleark of the Tents. A Mafter of the Revels. Office to order all. things concerning Co¬ medies, &c. there is 1 Yeoman, 1 Groom. . Engraver, Sculptor , 1 in each Office. In.the Office of the Rohes , befides the Mafter a fore-mentioned, there is 1 Yeoman, 3 Grooms, 1 Page, 2 Purveyors, 1 Brufher, 1T raylos, 1 Dyer, 1 Girdler, 1 Clerk, 1 Lrce- man, 1 Cutter and Racer, 2 Em¬ broiderers, 2:Silkmen, 1 Shoomaker, 1 Perfumer,! Feather-maker, 1 Mil¬ liner, 1 Mercer, 1 Hotter, 1-Dra¬ per. 1 Surveyor of the Drefferand Chamber, &c.. falconers , Sir Allen Apfltj M-> fterof the Hawks, and other Offi¬ cers under him about London and other places belonging to the King, in all 33. Uuntfmen for the Buch^h'mndi in Ordinary, IohnCarry 1 'fqmre, Ma¬ tter ohheBucl^hannJs i and under him a Sergeant and 34 ocher per* fons. Otter-hounds , Simon Smith E- fquire.Mafter of the Otter-hounds. iJuntfmenfor the Harris rs , Ma¬ tter oft i.e Harriers, Mr. £//w;,and 5 under him. Armory at the Toner , Matter of the Ordnance , now in feveral Commifiioners, william Legg Lieu¬ tenant of the Ordnance, and Matter Armorer, and 17 under Officers. Lidcffmgers of the Chamber in Or¬ dinary, fine 2 Clerks of the Check, then 40 more, in all 42. One Library Keeper. One Publick Hotary. One Poet Laurcar. Jldtiftitms in Ordinary , 62: ofCngianV 2 77 Trnmpetters in Ordinary and Ket¬ tle Drummers are in all 15. D rammers andFifes 7. Apothecaries 2 , One for -the Kings Perfon, and one for the Hou- flipld. Chirttrgeons 5.. Barbers z. Printers z. Another for the O- riental Tongue. Bookbinder J. Taylors 2. Hydrographer 1. Stationers Z. Knight Harbinger X. Poft-Mafters for all the Poft- Towns in England , all fworn to,and paid by the King. A Matter of the Game of Code fighting. Two Sergeant Skinners, Two Embroiderers. Two keepers of the Privy Lodg¬ ings. ' Two Gentlemen, and one Yeo¬ man of the: Bows. 7 8 %De parent §>tm One Crofs-bow-Malter , one Fletcher. One Cormorant keeper.- . ..One Hand-Gun-Maker. One Mailer and Marker of Tennis. One Mrs Sempftrcfs, and one Laundrefs. • Otie Perfpe&iye-Maker. One Malter Fencer. . One Haberdalher of Hitts. One Comb-Maker.. One Coffee-Maker. One Sergeant Painter. One Painter.- • One Limner. . One PiQure-keeper; One Silver-Smith.^ One Gold-Jmith. . . One Jeweller. One Perruque-Maker. One keeper of Phefants and Tur¬ kics. ' Joyner, Copyer of Pictures ■ Watch-Maker , Cabinet-Maker, Lock-Smith, of each one. of€nglan& Game of the Bears and Balls, 1 Mafter, i Sergeant, i Yeoman. Operators (or the Teeth.2. Coffer Bearers to the Back-Stairs, 2 One Yeoman of the Leafs. Watermen 5.5. Upholder, Letter-Carrier, Eor’- reign Pod, of each one. Officers belonging to Gardens, Bowling-Greens , Tennis-Courts, Pall-Mall, ioPerfons. Keeper of the Thea.ter in White - Ml. ■ Cutler, Spurrier, Girdler, Corn- Cutter, Button-Maker, one of each. Emboffer,Enameler, of each one. Writer Flourifher, and Embel- lifher, Stenographer, orDefigner ofProfpefls, Letter-Founder,Geo¬ grapher, of each one. Comedians 1 *7 8 Wo- men Aftors _ . Gunner, Gilder, Clcsnfer of.Pi* flutes,Scene-keeper, Coffer-maker, Wax-Chandler, one of each. Keeper 280 PJEfent state Keeper of Birds and Fowl in Sti James's Park I. Keeper of the Volery, Goffe* Club-Maker, Serjeant Painter, one for each. With divers other Officers and Servants under the Lord Chamber- lain , to ferve His Majefty upon Extraordinary occafions and fer* vices. 'A Lift of His Majefties offi¬ cers and Servants under tht MafleroftbcHorfe. F Irft are 12 gtterrics, fo called from the French word Efcujcr, derived from Efim-Un Stable.Phch Office is to attend the King on Hun. ting on Progrefs, or on any occa- fion of ridingabroad, to help His Majefty up and down from his Horfe, &c. Of thefe there are 4 called JW* tics of theCwjys Stable, viz. Sis of engl&nD* ^lyillimAmorir. . _. Captain) ohn Mazine Efquire, jms P«rt«?Efquire. IbMazine-jm. Efquire; The other 8 are called gutnitt Ijf tile Hunting Stable , viz. Mre'fcColc Elquife. / < >it Charles Alderdale Knight; Tkim Windham Efquire.. Sir Nicholas Armorer Knight. Hmj Progtrs Efquire. frRoberbPv, ^njght. - . mkslif Efquire. Welter Strick/aniB fquire. The Fee' to each ofthefe is only »/. yearly ,, .according;tp the arm- tttCuftatn, .but' they have allow- fflce for Diet to each t oo/..yearly,, keiides Lodgings and z HorfeLi- rerics.' Next is the Chief Aventr, from farn. Oates ; whofe yearly-Fee is 40/. s8j EDe pjetoit Atefc 40 /. and this place with all the fo[. lowing, are in the Gift of the Mr P er of the Horfe. This Office at pre< fent hath Richard Mafin Efquire. There is moreover one Clerk of the Stable William Morgan E- Iquire, 4 Yeomen Riders, 4 Child Riders, ■ Yeoman of the Stirrup,’ Sergeant Marfhal and Yeoman far¬ riers, 4 Groom Farrier, Sergeant of the Carriage, 3 Surveyors, a squire and Yeoman JadlciMYeo. man Grariators, 4 Yeoman Pur¬ veyors , a Yeoman Peckman, a Yeoman Bit-maker ; 4 Coachmen, 8 Littcrmen,' a Yeoman of the Clofe Waggon,. 64 Grooms of the JtS- ble, whereof 3 o are called Grooms of the Crown Stable, and 34 of the Hunting and Pad Stable ; 26 Foot-: men in their Liveries tQ ran by the Kings Horfe, There is (befides fome other Of¬ ficers not here named) an Ancient Offieerin the Kings Houfhold, cal¬ led Cftrfco/ theMercat , who.within the ofengl&nth. 283 ific Verge of the Kings Houfliold is n keep a Standard of all.Weights and Meafures, ■ and to burn all talle Weights and Meafures • and from the Pattern of this Standard are to le taken all the Weights and Mea- fures of the Kingdom, There are divers other Offices belonging to the King of great im¬ portance'; which are not fubordina tc to any of the 3.fore-mentioned Greet Officers, as Mafter of the Gnat Wardrobe, Toftmafter, Ma- W .the Ordnance, Warden of the Mint; whereof in anotherTrea- tifefhortly. • ' In the Court of King James therewere many more Offices,and to many , Offices there belonged many more perfons, which King Charles the Firfl much leffened.and the prefent King nowraigning hath jet leffened much more. Upon the King are alfo attend¬ ing in bis Court the Lords of His Privy Council,the Reverend Judges, 384 w'etetfe &tate the Learned Colledge of Civilian?, the Kings Council at Law, the Kings Sergeants at Law, the Matters of Re- quefts-. Secretaries of State, Clerks of the Signet, Clerks of the Coun¬ cil , Keeper of the Paper Office or papers of State. .jhe Names of the Lords of Sit Majejlies Mop Honourdk Frivj Council, H is Royal Highnefs the DiikedE York His Highnefs Prince Rupert.. Gilbert L. Archbifhop of Canter} ' bury. Sir Orlando Bridgman L. Keep* of theGreat Seal. Johnl. Roberts Lord Privy Seal. George Duke oi Buckingham , Mattel of the Horfe to His Ma jetty. fames Duke of Ormond , L. Great Steward of His Majetties Hou. 0lm Cavendift D; of Nemaflle. flmry Lord Marquis of Lorchcfier, 0rej Earl of Oxford, fanes Earl of 0/07. Icbert Earl of Lindfey Lord Great Chamberlain of England. Ifagrd Earl of Manchefier , Lord Chamberlain to His Majefty. , 5 ^ Earl of Bridgewater. Mo* Earl of Leicefier. \Hinrjf Earl ofSc. Mans, lhard Earl of Sandwich. Mn Earl of Bath, Groom ofthe Stole.to His Majefty. 'Arthur Earl of, Angkfej. {juries Earl oiCarliJle. William Earl of Craven. 1 |j, Earl of Rothes , His Ma jellies Commiifionerin Scotland}, ^ E?.rl of Lothtrdaile , Secretary of State in Scotland. k Earl of Middleton. ]rk EarloPTawfM’. Richard Earl of Carberj , Lord Pre* (identof Wales. SoftrEarl of Orrery. Humphrey Lord Bifhop of London. % 6 icj)e patent®tate ■tfcnry Lord Arlington , one of lHis ' Ma jetties Principal Secretariesoi stare, i , Francis Lord Newport Comptro!. ler of His Ma jetties Houlhold. Chrijlofkrlori Hatton: , Ikrifel Lord Holies, , JohtiLexi'Berkelc].. ' , Anthony Lor iAfileyi, Chancelosi of the Exchequer. Sir Tbmju Clifford Knight, Train, rer of His Ma jetties Houihold. Sir George 'Carteret Knight,; Vice Chamberlain to Hi'sMajefly.' Sir John Trevor. Knight, one of Hj Principal-Secretaries of State. Sir Thomas Ingram Knight, Chart cellour of tne Dutch]. Sir William Knight. , Sir John Dmcom Ktiight. ‘' • ofCttgian®. 287 tbs Names of all she Kings fudges , the Kings. Camel at Law , -M tk. Kings Scr* F the High Court of Chanterj, ^ •The Right Honourable sir Or litrJo Bridge man Knight] and Baro- aet,T’ord-Keeperof ; the,GreatSeal, with whom fits as AfMan.s, 1 / Sir Harbotfie Gftmfione • Baronet, Matter of the Rolls.SirTW^ Ben- m Knight, Doftor of Laws-; Sir William Child . Knight Dodtor of Laws ; Sir. JnJlinian Zfn’fw.., Knight Up&or of'Laws; Jir Walter Little- ten Knight . Sk 7homas-Lftc(urt Knight ; Sit Mundeford Bramjlon Knight, Doftor of Laws ■ Sit Na¬ thaniel Hobart Knight ; i’tr William GUfcocI^ Knight ;. Sit John Cotl Knight ;' i'ir Thomae Croft Knight Dot^or of Laws; John ttal/j Efquh;e. 288 %¥ Thefe twelve are called Mailers of ghmerj. ■ " -• ..—.«~ In-the Court of the Kings Bench,, Sir John Keeling Lord'Chief ' of the Kings Bench. 1 '■ Sir 1 homos T wyfeKnighe and.Ba- ronet. , Sir william vfforttw Knignr, . > Sit Riohard-RamfordKmgty lnthgeurihftkGomiovV\f$ ■Sit folk Vaughan “Lord Chief Juftice of the "C mm Flit*' . ' 5ir Thomas Tm-rf Knight. Sit folk Archer Khighr. - ronet; • - ' 1 Jh the Court of the Exchequer. ^ir Matthew Hale Knight, Lord "Chief Baronof the Elccheijiter. fir ChriflopherTumr Knignti • ofenjiana. , 2 s ? Sit Timothy, Littleton. Clement Spelman. The Kings Sergeants and Learned Council at Law. Sir John MaynardX.n\$\tjhe Kings Sergeant at Law. Sir Geofry Pjtlmer Knight and Ba¬ ronet, the Kings Attorney Ge¬ neral. AtHemage Finch Knight and Baro¬ net, the Kings Jollicitor General. Sir Job Charlem Knight, Chief Ju- ftice ofC^iHis.Ma/efties Ser2 geantatLaw. ill William Scroggs Knight.HisMa- jeftiesSergeantat Law. Sir Edward Turner Knight ] His Ma jetties Councel, learned in the Law. Sir EdSeardThurland Knight, Hi$ Ma jetties Councel, learned in the . Law.'. . Mr. North, Son, to the Lord North % His Ma jetties Councel, learned in the Law. O Robert %\)c patent §>tatc flies Juftice atChiJhr,m& Conn- cel learned in the Law. The gluten Conforts Conned at Law. . Mr. Montague the Queens Attorny General. Sir Robert Atkins knight oHht Bath, the Queens Solicitor Ge¬ neral. ' Sir FredcrickBj/de ivnight,HerMS' jellies Sergeant at Law. The Queen Mothers Cornel m Sir Peter Ball knight, Attorney, henry Win Sollicitor. The Duke of York’s Connell. Sir Edtoard Turner Knight; Attorn Sir Edward Thmland Sollicitor, Ser’t0 of €ngiimt>. spt Sergeants at Law .' 'Nudigate'. Windham; ‘ Fountain. Sejs. Waller. Fromt. Toumour. Flip. Hardres. Wilmott. Goddard. Sergeant Sir Riel). Hopkins Kt! Flynt. ■ Turner. Barton, Sir fohn HirtWKnight • : - ■ Recorder of London. Bramjhn. Sir UenrjPeckJiam Kt.' Goodfellow, Baldwin. Powys, .Jones, o 2 n't TheChkf]«k es the Civil LaW. Sir Giles Sffeit Judge of the Arches; Knight, Doftor of Laws. Dr fakiM Judge of the Prero S atlvc: Dr. Saw Judge of the Admiralty. Sir Robert mfctnW the Kings Ad. vocate, Knight, Doftor of Laws. Sir mlliAm 1 timer Knight Doftor of Laws, Advocate to the Lord ?ir^/« A /S!r Knight, DoSor U>: Millet'Do&otoil^. Timothy Baldwin Doftor of Laws. Therm Softer of Laws GhiincellOur to the Lord Bifhop of London.. fohnCtark DoftorofLaws, His jellies Profeffor of Law m ua- Richard X/^Doftor of Laws. d oECttSiank 2^3 The prefent Secretaries of State. Henry Lord Arlington whom for his eminent fervices at home and abroad, both in War ond Peace, His Majefty was pleafedto advance into [he place of Sir Edward Nicholas . And Sir John Trevor , who for his great abilities and fuccefsful Negoti¬ ations had that honor and truft con¬ ferred upon him, when Sir william Moriee, late Secretary of State, was by His Majefties gracious confene permitted to retire from bufinefs. • ; The King hath four Matters of Re^uejts gwkytreat prtfjnt. Colonel Gervafe'-HoEejf ■ ■ ’hThotpas-Beverly, iijohn Berkenhead, iitCharles.Eotterel, Clerks of the CpwcflfrJ, Sir Richard Brown. 0 3 Sir %$t patent %>tm Sir Edward Walker. Sir Jthit Nicholas. Sir Robert Southwell.. ■ Clerk* of the Styet/Ui, Sir Philip Warwick, Sir John Nicholas- Sidney Bears Efquire. Trumbal Efquire. The Keeper of the PaperOffict, or Papers of State at whitehal , is is that moft, ingenious and worthy perfon ]ofeph wUlimfon l^qftorof Laws. : •. Of the Military Government/# the Kings.Court. ; A S in a Kingdom, becaufe Cifil Governours propofing Tem¬ poral, and Eccleliaftical Governors Eternal Rewards and Punifliments, are not Efficient to fecure Peace; therefore of engum 2 ^ therefore a Military force is always inreadinefs: So.in the KingsCourc belides Civil and Ecclefiaftical Offi¬ cers , it is thought neceffary alwayes to have in readinefs Military Offi¬ cers and Soldiers, to preferve the Kings Perfon; whereupon depends die Peace and Safety of all his Tub- jeifts. Belonging peculiarly to the Kings Court;, (behdes above 4000Foot, and above $oq Horfe who are al- ways in^y; pi.readinefs toaffift upon any occafiohjthere are Guards olHorfet.anfiFpot; "The HotJe-GMard',. which' the . French cull- Garde dn Corps , the Germains Lieb Guard),we corruptly Life Guard, thac'is., jbe'Cnard of th'Kings,Body , ', hpith.confiit.ed of . jeo Horftmeni’ all, of niolFGeptle- men and.old Officerscomihanded " by the Captain .of the/Guartf , now - ]nmcs Duke of Monmouth , vihok Pay is 30/. aday, and each Horfe- man 4/. a day Thefe Horfe have been divided into Three parts, 0 4 whereof ■i 9 6 %t )e ptefcnt$tate whereof 200 under the irnriieditite Command of the Captain of the Guard 150 under Monfieur/f^r* MU deBlancford, and 15 0 under Sir Philip Howard, whofe Pay to each is 20/. a day. Under the Captain of the Guard are four Lieutenants, Sir Thomas Saudis, Sir Gilbert Gerard, Major. General Egerton , and Sir Gsocge Hmbkitn, ,the Coronet is Mr. Stan¬ ly, Brother to the Ead of 5 de ?he Office of. the Captain of the Life GiM'i's at .all titries cf War or Peace to%it upon the iCings Per- fon (as ofjrkhe rides abroad) with a confidence hummer of Horfemen: well armed'and;prepared againlt'all dangers whatfoeuer? ... V At home within the'/Cings Houfe it is thought fit that the Kings Per- fon fhould have a Guard both above arid below Stairs. In OfCMjtertfc In the Prefence Chamber-there- forewait the, Honourable Band of Gentlemen Penfioms, firft inftituced by King Hen. 7. and chofen ufually in all times lince out pf the bell and : molt antienc, Families of England., not only for a faithful Gaard to the Kings Perfon, • but to be-as a Nurfe- ry to breed up hopeful .Gentlemen, and fit them for Employments botfi Civil and Military, as -well abroad as at home. ; ‘- as Deputies of /rr- W, Ambafffdours in. Foreign Parts, Cbunfellors of Eflate, Cap¬ tains of - the Guard, Gbyernpurs of Places-, and Commanders in the Vfars both byLand andSea; of all which there have been examples, as George Lord Huxfdoq £a ptaip of the Penfioners at tjiq de^tlr'.of-Queen Elizabeth, lptjfljated in a-'Letter .to¬ eing /rfwcf. before., he cam,e intp. England. - . ...... •• V. . . Their to atfend.^hg. Kings Per-joft^p^udfrQfn'h^Chap:? pel, only as far as .chePrivy Cham. ter- alfo in all other Solemnities, 0 S as %yt pjefeut g>tatc «s Coronations , Piiblick Anditnei tfAmbajfadom * &c. They are 50 in number / over whom there is a Captain, ufually fome Peer of the Realm; a Lieutenant, a Standard- Bearer , and a Clerk of the Chtfnt, who are at prefent as followeth: Tht Band of Gentlemen Penfioners. John Lord BeUfjs Captain 3 60/; S\t John Bennet Knight of the Bath, Lieutenant 260 /. yearly. Sir John Walpoole Knight, Standard- Bearer 200/. yearly. 7 ho. Wynne Efquire, Clerk of the Check, n 9/. 11. 3 yeai-'y. John Dingley Efquire. Edward Harbert Efquire. Thom At Hajhs Efquire. William'Sheldon Efquire. Sir Thomas RoVvc Knight. ' Etfoard Brook* Efquire. Sir Reginald Fotfer Baronet! Richard Harrifon Efquire. ofCttgiana* 2 99 J tk Rentes Efquire. . Sir George Court hop Knight. Sir Phi/ip Honymod Knight. Sir Richard Hatton Knight. Sir Edward Alflen Knight. Charles Skrimjher Efquire. William Coy per Efquire. Stafoule Gibfo» Efquire. Sir George Talh Knight. Charles Crompton Efquire, Jehu Raymond Efquire, Sir Edmund Barber Knight.' Harkrt Palmer Efquire. . Reger Coleman Efquire. Anthony Gtcindy Elquire. Edward Coleman Efquire.' fleetwood Dormer Efquire' Brett Norton Efquire. Sir John Rea Knight. , , William ( i)ikenfon Efquire.’ Allington Paineter Efquire. Jt/j* Efquire. Hugh Tente Efquire. J John Kirke Efquire. Brooke Eftwicke Efquire^ Edward A lft on Efquire Rickard Fifield Efquire. 00 %%% pjefent Walter Rea Efquire. William Forde Equire* Thomas Ejre Efquire. EdmrdGAmesEfquixe. John Kirke]u niorEfquire.. JUchai d wigrrion Efquire.. Robert Dacres Efquire. Charles Radley Efquire. Thomas Shotteirdtn Efquire. RogerConjsbj^mt .'. £dmrdCovjter Efquire. ' William Fairfax $ fquitc.. ; The Fee tOeach of th'efe, is; ioo t. yearly. Richard Child "'GentleiiianHar- binger to provide .L'oclgihg? . for, them, hisI%e‘7Q/. uV. ,. v A Ordinarily wait only orie half.’or this Band, and by Quarter.. Upon extraordinary,occa(ionsall. of them are fummpned.'. .... Their ordinary, Arras ar$ Giilc Pole-axes. Their ofcngiatfa 301 Their Arms on Horsback irit time of War, are Curafiiers Arms with Sword and Piftol. The Band of Penfioners is not un¬ der the Lord ChapiberJaitu, but on¬ ly under their, 0}yn.. Officers), and. are ufually fwo^p’by.the. Clerk of, the’Cheqiiewhole Qffi&if to .take, notice,of thofe that are. abjfent when they Ihould.beupon theirdpty. 'Their Standard:boyn. in,.time of War is, .ACj-ofs Gules in.a.FiqJ 4 4 r- 1'iit, alfp ^Bendiv.. Again. In tbefirft Room above Stairs, .called the Guard-Chamber, attend th'e : Yeomen pf the. Guard of Hi's'Majetties Body j whereof there was wont to he- 2,so,menof thebeft quality nnder'Gentry, and of larger, ilature than ordinary ,(for every one ofthem was to.be 6 foot high.) There areatprefent 160 Yeomen in daily, waitj.n g*, and .70 more' not. in wpi t- ihg' and as any‘of the 1 60 fliall .die- his place to be filled up out of the 70,. Thefe wear Scarlet Coats ■ w ' " ' down 3 o 2 %l)c p^efene . down to the Knee , and Scarlet Breeches, both richly guarded with Black Velvet and rich Badges upon their Coats before and behind. Moreover Black Velvet round broad-crownd Caps (according to the mode ufed iri the Reign of Hen. 8.) with Rjbbonsbf the Kings co>. lour : ' One half of them of late bear in their hands Harquebuzes and the other half Partifans, with large Swords By,their fides, They have Wages arid Diet allowed; them. Their Office is' to wait up- • on the King inhis ftandingHoufes, 40 by day and 20 to watch by nighty and about the City to wait on the Kings perfon abroad by Water or Land. .. The Captain of this "Guard is at prefent George Lord Vico«nt (7rk«- difirt, whofe Fee is 100b/.yearly. Lieutenant is Coll. Thom/u How¬ ard, Fee 500/ ,, Enfigne Edward Saej^ih Efquife, Tee 3 os/. 1 Clerk ofCttglanD. 3 o Clerk of the Cheque Richard Smith, Fee 150/. Four Corporals, Fee to . each 150 /. The Kings Palace Royal («w« tegu Dign itatis) is exempted from all JurifdiSioB jof any Court Civil orEcclefiaftical, buconely to the Lord Steward , and inhisabfence to the Treafurer and Comptroller of the Kings Houfhold, with the Steward of the Marlbalfey , who may by vertue of their Office,with¬ out Commiffion hear and deter¬ mine all Treafons,Felonies,Breaches of the Peace, committed within the Kings Court or Palace. The moft excellent Orders and Rules for the demeanour and carriage of all Offi¬ cers and Servants in the Kings Court are tobefeen in feveral Ta¬ bles hung up in feveral Rooms at the Court, and figned with the Kings own hand, and worthy to be read of all Strangers. The 3 c4 ■%¥ The Kings Court otHoufe where the King refideth., is accounted a place fo facred, that if any man pre¬ sume to flrike another wichin the palace where the Kings ) RoyalPer- fon re'Edeth, andb.y fitch,(trpjte op, ly draw bloodhis.rigbLhapd (halt be' ftrickenoff, and king is forbidden , but alfo all pc- tafions of {hiking, and therefore tbe Law faith, Nullds Citatknes ant licet facere infra Pala- tim 0(5 %i)c patent &U\tt turn Regis /spied H'eftnt, velalibi idi • Rex ref dee. The Court of the King of England for Magnificence, for Order, for Numberand Quality of Officers, for rich Furniture, for Entertainment and Civility to Grangers, forplcn-: tiful Tables; might compare.with thebefi Court of Chriftendom, and far excel the mod Courts abroad; of one whereof fee the Defcription made by an ingenious Perfpn be¬ yond Sea, writing to a Friend of his at Court there, Annmininfem es Amice, cjiiiesin Aulattbi Deetm- nuns habit at ioefi ,. ejai illic (si is ar tibtes, (btemana licet cjfigie) regnant, atqueubiScelemmScholaeft,& A-. nimarumjaBura invent, ac quicqnid nfpiam eft perfdU acdoli, ejisicqaid crsidelitatit qc inclcmenti/c , qmcf.id effranata fuperbia & rapacis avari- tie, qnicqiiid obfeena libidinic ac far diftima impttdicitia, cjuicqnid nefandi impietatis & imnim pefftmorum , to- tarn illic acervatur csmul.atijfime, iibi ftttprss , raptus, incefttts,adftlttatr for the Kings Honour. Two hun¬ dred and forty Gallons of Beer a day were at theButtry Barr allowed for the Poor, befides all the broken Meat, Bread ,&c. gathered into Baf- kets and given to the. Poor at the Court Gates by i;wo Grooms and two Yeomenof the,Almonry, who have Salaries of His Majesty for that Service. The Magnificent and abundant plenty of the /Cing;Tables hath cau- fed amazement in Forreigners,when they, have been informed that in the laft Kings Reign before the' trou. bles, there were daily in his Cpurf 86 Tables .well; furnifht each Meal, whereof, the Kings Table had, 2$; Difhes, the Queens 24 ; Fouro r ther Tables 16 Dirties each - Three, other. 10 Difhes each-. Twelve o- ther had 7 Difhes each ■ Seventeen, other Tables had, each of them 5 ; Difhes; Three other had 4 eachf Thirty two opher Tables had each 3 Difhes, and Thirteen other had of Cnsl&ttt!* 30^ each aDiflies : In all about Five hundred Diflies each Meal, with Bread, Beer, Wine, atd all other things neceffary; All which was provided moft by the feveral Pur¬ veyors , who by Commifiions le¬ gally and regularly authored, did receive thofe Provifions at a mo¬ derate price , fuch as had been formerly agreed upon in the fe¬ veral Counties of England ; which price (by reafon of the value of Money , much altered ) was be¬ come low,, yetaveryinconfidera- fcle burthen to the Kingdom in 'General,'but thereby was greatly fuppofted the Dignity Royal in the eyed of . Strangers as well as Sub jefts, Tlie Englifh Nobility and Gentry,, accbrdipg to the Kings Example" we'rp 'incited to', keep a 'prop or tionable: Hofpi cal it y in their fcverafCouhtryManfions, the Hnf- bandman encouraged to breed Car¬ tel , allTradefihen to a cheerful in- dullty ■ .and there was then a free circulation of Moneys through the ,, 0 Xt)ep!rffntState 6 whole body, of the Kingdom* There was fpent yearly in the K mgi Houfe of grofs Meat 1500 Oxen, 7000Sheep, 1200 Veals, jooPor- kers 400 Sturks or young Beefs, . <5800 Lambs , 300 flltch r e! of Bacon and26Boars: Alfo 140 dozen of Geefe, 2jo dozen of Ca¬ pons, 470 dozen of Hens, 7 S° ' dozen of Pullets, 1470 dozen of Chicken. For Bread 36400 Bu- (hels of Wheat, and for Drink 600Tun ot Wine, and 1700Tun ' of Beer. Moreover of Butter 46640 pounds, together with Fi(h and Fowl, Venifon, Fruit, Spice, proportionable. This prodigious plenty in the icings Court, c.aufed Foreigners to put a higher value upon the iCing, and caufed.de Natives who were there freely welcome (for by order of the Kings Houfe, Lome of his Officers went daily to fVeftminfter Hall in Term time, between Eleven and Twelve a Clock, to invite Gentlemen to eat of the A'ings Aches, and in ofenglank 3 n parliament time to invite the Parli¬ ament men ^ to encreafe their af¬ fection to the .King, it being found asneceflary for the King of Eng¬ land this way to endear the Eng- lilh, who ever delighted in Fealt- ing; as for the Italian Princes by fights and ftiews to endear their Sub¬ jects,who as much delight therein. Moreover the Court is an emi¬ nent Pattern of Charity and Humi¬ lity to all that fhall fee the perform¬ ance of that Ancient Cuftom by the King and the Queen ontheThurf- day before Eafter , called Maundy Thttrfday , wherein the King in a Solemn manner doth waft) the Feet, cloth and feed as many poor old men as His Ma jelly isyears old, be¬ llowing on every one Cloth fora Gown, Linnen for a Shirt, Shooes, and Stockings, a Joul of Salmon, a Poll of Ling, joRedandjoWhite Herrings , all in clean Wooden Dilhes ,, 4. Six penny Loaves of Bread, and a Purfe with a zos. piece of Gold. The i2 %\yt pietent ^tatc The Queen alfo doth Jthc like tfl .divers poor women. CHAP. XIV. of tk Qneen Contorts Court, T He Queens Court, lutableto the Confirt of fo great a King, is Splendid and Mngnificenr. Her Majefty hath all Officers and a Houfhold apart from the King; for the maintenance whereof there is fettled40600/. per annum. For the Ecclefiaflique Govern, tnent of her Court, there is firft the Grand Almoner , Lord Philip How¬ ard, Brother to the Duke of Nor- folk,' ■ ■ ._ ■' He hath the fuperiritendeticy over all the Ecclefiaftiques belonging to the Queen. Father Antonio Fernandez, is Her Majeflies ConfelTor. Bifhop^^jff/Almoner.^ • - Father of €ngl« Father Patrick, Almoner. Father Pad de AlmeidaK\t&OTt. Father Manoel Pereira Aim. Doftor Thowas GW«/f« Tret, fire® of the Chappel. 2 Other Preachers PortuguczJ Father Matter Chriftopher dePRefanio a Dominican ; and Father Antonia a Francifcan. 5 Clerks of thcC.happel. 6 Englilh Fathers Benedi&inr, Chaplains: ii 'Francifcan Friers,Chaplains. Divers Perfons.belonging to the Mulick of.-the Chappel, tqferveat the Altars, two Porters, &c. For the Civil Government of her Majefties Court,'there is a Council confifti'ng.ofi Pcrfonsof great worth) and dignity. Lord Keeper. Earl of Manchifie)'. Earl of Cheflerfield, Earl of Sandwich Lord Holies Sccward.oftheRevemie.' P Lo a E 3 , 4 %\)t patent fttate Lord Vicount Cnr»hnrj Chamber- lain. Lord Arlington- Lord Afrit]. Lord Bdtmore- S\r Thom* Clifford' 5it JohnTrtvor. Sit Thoms Ingram of the Horfc. t&SSgSw* chamberlain. Sir Geoffrj Palmer- crccary and Mailer of Requefts. wSJaBfq^Treafurerani \niim Montagu Efquire, Attor. Si rRoknLong^ andBaronct. Sir CharltsHarhort- ' jj r ofCngtenD* 315 Sit Henry mod. Sir Robert Atkjns Knight of the Bath, SollicitorGeneral. Sir fokn Arundel Knight. fdmHall Efquire, Surveyor Ge. nera!. Brant it Stingsby Efquire. Bury Slingsby Efquire; Gentlemen Vfieri of the Privy- Chamber. Sir Hugh Cfcw/irjr Baronet. Surge Porter Efquire. Alexander StanhopeEiqnuc. Francis Roper, Efquire. fthn Hall, Efquire. Cnp~Bearert. Sir Nicholat Slatting Knight of the Bath. BmyQuy Efquire. Carver/- Sir Gabriel de Sjlviis Knight. St fohnEfye/ Knight Pj Sever/. v 6 ©>e pjcfentState Sir Charles Windh$n\ 'Kmgnt.., • fohn Griffith. ElgUite.. ■ ■ , five Gentlemen Ufliers, daily, waiters. - .. ■'i. Xen. ■vCro.omS'.' ©f;. the-' Privy* Chamber. Seven Gentlemen Uftiers Quat- ter waiters. Apothecary^ChWg^n... > Six Pages of theiBed-Chamotr attending at the Back-Stairs Pour Pages of the Prefence. Officers belonging to the Bobesy A Surveyor, Pt©^edAt©t’,;Cl?t!fi Yeoman, Groom, Page/Taylor.and Brufher. Twelve' Gro'otos; of the. Groat Chamber. . , ,Gne.Portero£ the Back-Stairs^ of engimtD* 3 i 7 A Mailer of the Queens Barge, and 24 Watermen, Groom of the Stole, Lady of the Robes and of the Privy-Purfe, is the Countefsof Suffolk; Seven other Ladies of the Bed- Chamber , viz. Dutchefs of Buck: iitgham , Dutche/s Dowager of Richmond, Countefs of Bath, Coun- tefs of CaFHtmain , Countefs of Falmouth, Lady Marjhal, 'and La¬ dy Gerard. . Mrs Charlotte Killegnw Keeper of the Sweet Coffers. Six Maids of Honour. Thefe are to be all Gentlewo¬ men unmarried, over whom is pla¬ ced a Governed called the Mother of the Maids j who is the Lady^w- dtrjen. There arealfo 6Chambriers or Dreffers. Lady.jfwsy, who is alfoMadam Nurfe, LiAy KUhgmv, Lady tatc fer , Lady de Sjlviit, Mrs Tbonhil, and Lady Clinton. A Laundrefs, aSemllrefs, a Sear¬ cher, aNeceflaryWoman. Thefe are all paid by Her Maje- fly,outof Her own Revenue. There are befides divers Officers below Stairs and belonging to Her Ma jellies Table and Stable paid by the King, forwhich there is allow¬ ed Twenty thoufand pounds more. CHAP. XV. of the Qfleen Mothers Court, T He higheft Office in Her Maje- (lies Court was that of Lord Chamberlain and Steward of Her Ma jellies Revenue, lately enjoyed by Utnrj Lord Germain Earl of St. Albans , whofe Salary is and a Table of Diflies. Mon- ofCttgi&nD* Monfieur Vanttkt Vice-Cham¬ berlain, whofe falary was 200 /, per ttr.nnm. The third place was her Maje- flies Chancellour, enjoyed by Sir ?. Winter , Sir Henry mod, and Sir Robert Long ; whofe f.iiary was and a Table of Diflies. The next was the Lord Arundel of Warder, and Count of the Empire, Matter of the Horfe, whofe falary Then her Majefties Secretary Sir John Winter. The Treafurer, Receiver Gene¬ ral of Her Majefties Revenues, Sir Henry Wood. Sir Thomas Bond Comptroller of the Houfhold,whofe falary was Sir Thomas Or^and divers other Officers of the Robes. Four Gentlemen Ufliers of the Privy Chamber, to each of which was 130/. falary per annum , and Diet. Two Cupbearers, two Carvers, two Sewers, two Gentlemen Ufliers P 4 of o %l)t pjttent State of the Prefence Chamber, Salary to each 120/. and diet all thefe at a table together. . Pour Grooms of the Privy Cham¬ ber, falarv do /. and diet. Four Gentlemen Ufliers Quarter Waiters,falaty 60l. and diet. Four Pages of the Prefence Eight Grooms of the Great Chamber. Ter Git Anting Her MAjeflieshf f,n , (be had firft a Captain of her Guard, the Earl of St. Alb Am. A Lieutenant, Monfieur de k Ch.ipelle. An Exempt of the Guards, Mon¬ fieur Fremn. _ 24 Gentlemen Soldiers m Black Velvet CafTocks and Golden em¬ broidered Badges, marching or waiting about the perfon of her Ma jelly (vvhen in Sedan,or at Chap- pel or Table, or Coach with two Horfcs) on foot with Halberts; and when in Coach and 6 Hoffes, on Horfeback with Carabins ; in all ofCngianti* 321 places within doors as without, CO' vered. For to take can of Her Majefiles Health,There was one Phyfitian and one Apothecary. For.tovaait. onHerAfajeflj inker Bed-Chamber, There were firftthe Ladies of the Bed Chamber; the chiefwhereof was. The Dutchefs Dowager of Rich¬ mond, Sifter to the prefent Duke of Buckingham,who wasGroom of tile Stole. And the Countefs of Newport Lady of tile Chamber. Of the Privy Chamber there were4 Ladies all Englilh, Feeijo I. each one; they lately were the Lady Price, the Lady Bond, ore. Women.of the Bed-ChamberS or 9, partly French, and partly Eng- P S i» aj %t)c pjeCent J» the Laundrj, The Lady San. Jtrfon was the Chief Laundrefs. j Seamftrefs. j Starcher. In the Stable, The Chief £w} or Efcnjer was Sir Edward wing, field. The many Officers in theButtry, Cellar, Pantry, Ewry,#r. lhallbe for brevity palled over. Her Ma jelly had alfo 4 Coaches with 6 Horfes each, alfo 12 Foot¬ men, a Barge with 1 a men in Live- ries: Moreover Pages of the Back Stairs 4, &c. In the Chappell There was firft the Lord Almoner Abbot Montague, 800 1 . per annum. Father Lmbart Confeffor to HerMajefty’, aFrenchman, loal. ter annum. 1 Father ofCngiattD. 323 Father Gmgh Prieft of the Ora¬ tory, Clerk of Her Majefties Pri¬ vate Chappel, and Affiftant to the Confeflor an Englilhraan, 200 per annum. A Lay Brother of the Oratory, <0/. Betides thefe there was ad joy ning to the Chappel a Convent of Capu¬ chins , wherein was a Father Guar¬ dian, 7 other Priefts and two Lay Brothers all French; whofe Office was to perform the Office of the Chappel daily, alfo to Preach on Sundayes and Holy-dayes, and in Lint three dayes every week; for the maintenance of thefe Her Maje- fty allowed Jeo /. per annum. Her Majefties Revenue was for her Joynture 30000/.yearly, and of His Majefty aPenfion of 30800/. more out'of the Exchequer. . Divers other Offices belonging to Her Majefties Court, as Mafter of Buck- ^eCent MUt Buck-Hounds, and Bows and Mu- tick. ' Mailer of the Queens Games. CHAP XVI. of tk Daks ofYatk'sCwh G Entleman of the Bed-Chamber and broom of the Stole the Earl of Peterborough. Gentleman of .the Bed-Chamber, the Lord ffotvAy. . Treafurer of the Houfhold , Sit JlanJpflj, his Fee 400 Marks, .or 2 66 L i3 s. 4 d. Comptroller, Sir. Trek- 2 661 . 13 s. 4 d. ■ Secretary, MMthtw Wrtu Hfquire, 200/. ' „ Keeperof.thePrivy Purfe, Mat- quits Idol. Mailer of the Robes and Groom • ©f the Bed-Chamber EdrpArd'VH- 7 ;Vrj:El'quire, 266to li r , Sa ofCttSMnD* Six other Grocims. of the Bed-Chamber. Richard Nicols, "1 Robert Worden, I Richard Talbott,' i Henry Savile, Reger Vaughan, > each 2c® h Henry Howard, ! Thomas Thynn, late | Envoy Extraordi¬ nary in Swcthland. J Belonging to His Royal Highefs Chaftel. Almoner Doftor Henry Killr grew, 1001. Pive Chaplains. Dr. William Clark,, Dr. William Thomas, Dr. Richard Wat [on. Dr .Turner, ijilr , Doughty, Jo /. Sacwftan, 40 /. peeper of the Clofer, 40/. 32$ 6 %\yz pjeftnt 5 >taee Gentleman-Uftier, 80/. Four Gentlemen Waiters, each 40/. Yeoman of the Robes, Wr Ltm- rcncc dnJ> hj, 60 /. Rrufter, 40 1. Yeoman of the Wardrobe, Phi- 80/. Two Barbers,.each 80 /. Four Pages of the Back-fain,' One Groom of the Privy-Cham¬ ber, One Groom of the Prefence, A Fire-maker in the Prefence, One phyfitian, Su Charles Scar- borough, 200/. OneChirurgeon. One Apothecary. A Secretary of the Languages, 100 1 A Gentleman-Harbinger, 50 / befides Riding-Charges, 8 1 .4 A. for diem. Semftrefs ofCngiank 327 Semflrefs and Laundrefs to the Body, MtsdaPuy, 250/. Laundrefs to the Table, Mrs .ST*. thrive Atkinfon, 15© /. Yeoman of the Wine Cellar, Mr Mr S o/ - Yeoman of the Beer Cellar, Mr fierce, 40 /. . Yeoman, of the Poultry and Lar¬ der, 30/. Yeoman of the Woodyard and Scullery, 30/. Of the Pantry and Ewry 30/. Porter, 50/. Keeper of the Armory, 50/. Trumpeter, 30/. Neceflary Woman, 40 /. Chamber-Keeper to the Maids, 10 l. Bottleman. One Clerk to the Commiffio- ners, 50 /. . Meflenger to the Commiffio- ners, 71A iSr. 4 d. Door- %l)e pjefent &mi Door-Keeper to the Commiliio* ners, Clerk of the Kithin, Jo/. Mailer Cook, 40/. . Second Cook, $ol. Three Turn-broaches, each 18 /, 5 OneScowreMachaS/.S* Pan-keeper, Porter ofthe Kitchin, Cole-Carrier, Tsrterat Whitehall, ■. Gardiner, Officers of Hit Highmffcs Mevmc. ' Treafurei: of the-Revenue , Sir 'Alan Jppjf. Attorney General., Sir Edmri Turner 40/. Sollicicor General., Sir Edmri Thurland^ifOl. 1 Solliotor,C^r/e; i’crtrr Efquire, 40/, ' • 4 Auditor of€nsian&* 329 Auditor General ,Thomas Holder Efquire, 180/. Affiftant to the Auditor M. Broad. Meflengerto the Revenue, Mr. Dutton, 71A18 s. 4 d. officers efthe Admiralty, Sir William Turner. Mr. David Bud. Matter of the Buckhounds, Mr. Walfingham 500 /. Three Huntfmen of the Buck- bounds. Four Huntfmen of the Fox- bounds. Teacher of the Setting-Dogs. Matter of the Barge*, 50/. Twenty four Watermen. Penfioners. Officers %i)t parent State officers and Servants in hit Higfatfjes Stable. jjcnrj ft min Efquire, Matter of theHorfe,266/. i 3 '- 4 ^- Two Efcuy lies, each ioo /. Clerk of the Stabies, 6 ol. Surveyor of the Stable, 40 /. Yeoman Rider, 80/. Two Pages of honour,each ICO /, Fourteen Foot-men, ea^h 39/. fifteen Grooms,each 3 2 1- 10 s. Three Coachmen, each 78 Uot themfelves ,3 PoftilHons,and 3 Help¬ ers Befides Linnen, Stockings, and Liveries twice a year. Two Sumpter-men, each j 61 Three Muleteers, each 26 /. Porter of the Stables, 32/. lot, Offictrt I ofCnglanft officers and Servants belonging to Her Royal Highnefs the Dutchefs. G Room of the Stole, Countefs of Rochefier , 400/. Lady of the Bed-Chamber, Countefs of Peterltreughfiool. Four Maids of Honour. Mrs ArabelChurchil, 20 1 . Mrs Dmthj Howard, 20 1 . Mrs Anne Ogle, 20 1 . Mrs Mary Blague, iol. Mother of tne Maids, Mrs Lucy Wife. Four Bed-Cbamber-Women. Mrs Katherine Eliot, 200 1 - Mrs Margaret Darvfm, 1J 9 /. Mrs. Letts Cranmer, 1 >0 1 . Lady ApJlej, iJo/. Jtarcher, Mrs Mar) Roche , JO /. Semftrefs, UnEHen Green, so/. Laundrefs,; „ 5^ep;etent State Laundrefs, Mrs. Mdrj Cornu, ^Lace Mender, Secretary to her Highnefs, Sir P hil Proud, ioo /. • Two Gentlemen lifters, each So/. Four Gentlemen Waiters, Four Pages of the Back-Hairs, each 40/. ( Mailer Cook, 40/. Meceffary Woman, 40 /. Eighteen Watermen, each j/. Mailer ol the Horfe to theDut- chefs ; is Sir Richard Pottle, W '• J 3 *- 4 ^- . , ' , Two Efcuynes, each 100/. Eight Footmen, each s 9 ^- Four Coachmen,, each 78'. 101 themfelves, pollillions, and Help Five Grooms,each 3 zl to*' Two Chairmen, each 39/- OP ofCngiana. 333 officers and Servants to the ■ Bttke'of Cambridge. G Overnefs, Lady Francis Vil- liirs , 400/. ^nder-Governefs,' Mrs. M«rj gilbert t 150 /; ■ ' Wet'Nurfe,8o/. DryNurfe, 80/, Tutor of the ‘French Tongue, Monfiei^r if/^-iQO /. ^ ' TfireeRockefs^each 70/: . Liundrefs to the Body, 60 /.• Semftre/fi Laundrefs co the Table, • Page of the J 3 nck-flairs, 60 A ' ,NeceffafyWbman, 4 bf. • Cook 38/. 5 s. Mufitian 31/. 4/. - Four.Eootmen, One Groom, One Coachman, Poftillion, and ■Helper. 334 %¥ officers and Servants belonging to the Lad] Maty. T WoDreffers, ' . Mrs A»»e nrdfi»>gbm,m. MisMarj Langfor^o!. Rocker, Mrs fane Leigh jol. fautfdrefsVMfi LliUeth Bmk 90/. page of the Back-ftairs,6o/. Dancing-Mafter, 200/. Singing-Mafter, ioq/. ofettsiank 335 Savants to the Lady Anne. D RefTer, Three Rockers, Semftrefs, Page of the Back-ftairs, Neceflary Woman, His Royal Highnefs upon all occafions when he goes abroad without the King, hath for his par¬ ticular Guard a Gallant Troop of Horfe, commanded, by Monlieur hBlmfort. %Dep^cutg>tatc CHAP. XVII. of the Three States of Eng= land, and fr(i of the Clergy, and therein of their Digitt], Name, Degrees, &c, A Ll the fubjefts of England M divided into Clergy and Ltiij; The,LaifyTub-divided into N0tj and Commonalty • Thefe aretaPsi Or dints Rem, or the.TkceStatei, and firft of the Clergy. As Heaven is more honoyt# than Earth , the Soul than (for*- dj ■ fo is the Spiritual Funtli « more excellent than the CivilM the Sacerdotal Dignity higher that the Secular : and therefore a M land the Clergy cateris parihueM ever had (according to the praftci of all other Civilized Nations fo ofCngiatnD* tfie World began) the preference and precedence of the Laity, and hath in all timet been reputed the firft of the Three Scares. 337 The Clergy fo called, becatffe they are Gods or p trt i m . For although'all Chriftians maybe Ailed Gods Portion as* well as Gods fervants ; yet amongft Chriftians thofe Perfons whom God hath fet apart, and feparatedfrom common life to his Service, to be as it were his Domeftick fervants'; are more ptcoliarly the Lords Portion; and therefore froth; the hrft Age of Chriftianity, the Perfons fofeta- pirt, have been called Clerki Clerks. Names. As in the State , fo in th e Church Dtittn, “Laws and Conflitutionsof Em. W would not that there fhould be parity arid equality of all perfons. in Ecclefsa nihil tnagii in a . isle qna/h tqudiiua) And there- tt{ in conformity to the' firft Q. Timet. %U pjelent.&tate a&sasj^' fiV within certain Preciuds-, ■ ^Afterwards the B ‘ fto P"S aL refficatcd to meet about PubUck At fairs ot the Church,as Ccnfccrawb difortos, when the aftions of any B\thop- : fhould be called-in queftionor j m (s from Biftops, &etate the 1 fie ©f 7 fight ; for Lincoln^ Kcd&d, Leiccjlcr, Graham, and Umt'mdon for Normch,X.Thef ford ani Jjp/wfcA; for SM *7 « Shaftshrj , and rtLdiBahindWrSsMT^ J.^tHmforlBndgmrth-^ ^oventrj and Lichfield, Shrtwsbnt]\ for £/v at Cambridge ; for Exeter at St.Ge/w for C^atPjjA Theft only to be the Seesof Bifhops Suffragans and no more Sufiragans allowfd,then fo many to each Dio- eefs as above-mentioned: In Pub- lick Affcmblies they were to take place next after the temporal Peer of the Realm. In the abfence of the Bilhops, employ edoftuponEni- baffles abroad, orrefidmgat Court to advife the King , theft did ufual ly fupply their places ASuffragan Bifflop is' made, in cafe the Archbi- (hop or fome other Bifflop ■, for the bett P er Government of his Diocef, defire' the fame; and in fuchca ■ the Bifflop is. to prefent two able men for any one' place o£Ctrgltatc httr himielf) * fo for his Charge over the Deacons-, , w [' 0 . arc to be guided and direfted by him under the Bilhop. Nest is the Rural Dean , who was antiently called Archymlycr, and had the guidance and direction of the Presbjters. In the la ft place are the-Pallors of every Parifli , who are cahed Reflcrs , unlefs the />r«MTythes he impropriated, and then they are filled Vicars , quafs we fuugm are 2 Archbijboprvk , 24 no s4 ra £?” Bi H !i } and Collegiate Churches. to;, 544 Prebendanes, my Rural Deans: and about 97°°* ffcr;and Vicars, befides C«r^ who for certain Stipends affift fuch Reflets and Vicars that have the Reflors and Vicars n«i «««• - tare of more Churches than one- Thefe (if it be confidered of wha 1 i Ahi it es thev great learning and Abilities they of Citglank 343 Sway they ufually bear over the Lai¬ ty. to incline, lead, and draw them ; what.great priviledges and Immu¬ nities they do or ought to enjoy, and how much means they poffefs) may well be reputed thefirft Mem¬ ber of the Three Eftatesof £»/- land. _ . Ith'ath been provided, not with- Trivh out lingular wifdom, that as the or- lodges dinary courfe of common affairs is ,hcCicr \ difpofed of by general Laws ; fo likewifemens rarer incident Necefii- tiesand Utilities,fhould be with fpe- cial equity coniidered. Hence is it that fo many Privileges, Immtm- ties, Exemptions,mi Diffenfatms, have been to the Clergy of Eng¬ land granted in all times: Our A n- ceftors thinking it very reafonable that as Soldiers were wont by the Roman Emperors to be endowed with certain Priviledges for their warding and fighting to preferve the State from memr/Enemies. fo the Clergy ought to have certain CL4 Im- 344 Immunities and Priviledges for their Watching and (\riritud warfare to preferve the State hominurndl- nemies, the v/irld, the Flefi, and ( he Devil ; Vt fervcntnr immm Cltrici, quo Caflns fnisfedido cm- moraines , & vigiles excubtasdu- centcs fnmmo call ImperAtondklos populos npr&fMMt 5 Legirn if- (echtm cfi, nt quam plnrimaiis Pri¬ vilege concejfq fint , turn ad eorm perfcius turn bona ac resfpeUantia. Of Priviledges , fome belong-to Jrcbbifiops , dome to Bijbops, as they arc fo, and fome belong to them and to the inferiour Clergy, as they are Ecckftafiiqnes or Church¬ men. jrct,- Beforethe coming ofthe^ww Sijhop. into England, the Chrifiiait Britain! had 3 Archbifhops, vK. of Lon¬ don, York, and Caerleon anantient great City of Sautk'Wdcswpm the River Vshe ('as afore-mentioned.) Afterward the Archipifiopal.See sf London-was bythe Saxons placed • at Canterbury, for the fake'of Sr. Auftiff the Monkwho firlt preach¬ ed the Gofpel there to the Heathen ■ Saxm,' and was there buried. The other of Caerleon was tranflated to ■ St. David: in Pembroke-Jbire, and afterward fubjefted wholly to the See of Canterbury , fince which all England and Wales-, reckon but two Archbijbops, Canterbury apd Pork: . - The ArchJjiflhop-of Canterbury cm, t - ; antiently bad Primacy asiwell over burj. ill Ireland as England, , and the Irilh Biihops received their Confe- tration: from him- for Ireland hid noother A rchbifhop until the year HJ2, and therefore in the'time of the 2 firfl Norman Kings, • it was declared that Canterbury was the Metropolitan Church of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the.Ifles • adjacent. He was therefore fome- times fliled a Patriarch (and Patri- ■ ureka was a Chief Biftiop-overievc- 0.5 ;• 34 6 %&■ PJfteW ©to ral Kingdoms or Provinces (as an Archbiftiop is over feveral Dioce- fesj and had. feveral Archbifhops under him ; was fometimes called, Almitu Orbis Papa & Orbit Bri¬ tannia Pontif ex-, and matters done and tecordeain Ecdefiaftical affairs, ran thus. Anno Pontificate Nojhi primo,ficcnndo\ &c. He was Lcgniui Nam , that is a. perpetual L'tgm- tine Power was annestto that Arch- bifhoprick near 1000 years ago-, whereby no other Legat, Nuncio, \oiAmbaJfadoun from theBiftiopof ... .Rme; could hereexercife any Lt- .ganiine Power; without fpecial Li¬ cence from 'the King. He was lb ihighly refpefted abroad , that in General Councils he was placed be¬ fore all other Archbiftiops-at the •popes right Foot. Hewasathome -fo highly honoured by the Kingof England, (that according to the Practice of Gods o.vn People the Jews, where Aaron was next in Dignity to Mofcs,- .and according to the practice oftaoft other Cbri- ofCngim 347 fkn'_ States j where; the next in ■Dignity and Authority to th'e'Sbve- %fy„% chiefeilperfon ■ of 'the' Clei^r )- He' Was 'accounted thefecond Perfon’in the Kingdom, ' strd named, and tanked even before tile Prttices of J the Blood. Ht en¬ joyed fQme ipeciai marks,of Rojnln ,irs;to be ; ^w« -ofa ihMrkk fas J he msofRoch'ejler tbCoynMo- »i]>, tomake Knights, and coliave the Wardflii^sroF allthofewho held Lands of him Jure Homimi fas it is called), although' they, held in Cn- }itt Other lands'of the King; , a princely prerogative, even aga’inft 'the Kings written Prerogative. . In an antient Charter granted by William the Conquer our \.0 Lemfranc Archbifhop of Canterbury , he is to hold his Lands with the fame free¬ dom in Dominiesfuo ( as the words ate) as the King hOldeth .his in Do - mnico fuo except only in' 2 or '3 Cafes, arid thofe of no great im¬ portance. " ■ ; " "It %l)t pjeteut State Ids an Ancient Priviledgc of the See of Canterbury , tbac wherefoe- ver anyMannors or Adyowljons ijo belong unto, that See',' th'at'.place forthwith becomes exempt from the Ordinary , and is reputed a Peculi¬ ar 3 and of the Diocefs of. Gmif- * The. Archbirtiop of Cftfrbjir] by the favour of our King is judged fit'toenjby ftilidivers confiderable Pre eminencies. He .is Primat over all England and. Metropolitan , hath a fuper'-'eminency and, fpme Power even ovcjf the. Arcljbilhop of 7 orhj, hath-power to (ummonhim to a National Synod, and Architpif, JEboracenfts venire debet cum Epifce. pis fr.it , adnutum ejus, ut tjmCff mnicis difpoftionibtts. obedws «• iftat. The Archbifhop of Camw) is at this day Primus far Rcgni, the firft Peer of England , and nest to the Royal Family co precede nor only all Dukes , but all the, Grstt Officers of the Crown.- ofCngiano* . At tiie late ioieain Coronation of : our prefe.nt; Sovereign j it was ex¬ prefly ordered; ip doing homage to the King, .thafaccording to amient Cufiom, th c Archbijhops and Bi- flops (hould precede even the Duke of Yarl^ and.all the Lay Lords, • , He is Riled by the King, in .his . Writs dire&ed to him, : B e i Gratia . Archiepijfc. Catfy and writes himfelf ; Divina Provident!*, whereas other 'Bifliops write, Divina Permiffiom ; and he is faid to be inthroned , when he is invefied in the-,Archbiftiop- litk. / , V'.’T;. To crown 'the Kirig belongs; to him, and it hath been revived-, that wherelbever the. Court flial’l happen to be, the King and Queen are Specifies Domftici, P arochiani Domini dr.Cant, and hadantient- ly the Hcij offerings made at the Al¬ tar by the King and Queen, where- foever the Court fhould happen to be, ii his Grace was there prefenc.r alfo the Power of appointing the Lent Preachers ^ which was thought 349 3-5o %\)t parent MUt by our Ah'ieftprs much more fit for a Prelate dr Spiritual Perfon! fo : do (as' in all d'thdr 'CMftian Cook) - then forariy Lay'Lord^as’hsth B'een • ufed in England; Cmcip^'CroMtl •was by HtnX nladc; Vicar Gene¬ ral, and placed-above tfis Arthbi- -ihop olCmttrbur).. , 1 j; ; ■ ’' The Bifliop 'oi'Lon'don iVaCfdudt- • ed his ProV.incialZWB?the-’Bifjibp •of Wihchejler his Chancellor,;M the Bifliop of Rochtfter. his Ckf Inin. -T• 'In writing arid fpeaking‘to'hiinis given theTitIe ofG’>'«« (asiris’fo r all : p'#s) therihOod. : ''[ l: ' '' ' ‘ , ■ He ha'th the Power of all Prioti of Teflamnts, and granting Letters ■ of Adminiftration, where .the par¬ ty dying had Bona NotdbilU, that ■ is five poiinds worrh. or'abpve, out of the Diocefs whereiri he died ; of ten pounds worth within the Dio¬ cefs of Lond.n • or if the party dy¬ ing “be a Bifliop though he hath no - Goads out of- the Dio cefs where Be ofCngltm 2VJ died. Alfo to make Wills for all fiich as die inteftate within his Province, and to adminiftertheirGoods to the Kindred or to Pious'ufes, accord¬ ing to his difcrction j which moft tranfcendent Trntl'arid Power is fo anciently in England 'belonging to Bilhops ,- that" the bell Antiquary cannot find ! thefirlt Original there- By Stat/25 hebarfi theJ/o- mr and Purvey to grant Licmis ■and Difpenfntiont in all Cafes -here¬ tofore fued For inthe'Couttof Some, not repugnant to the. Law of God ■orthe Kings Prerogative-. ,As to al¬ low a Clerk to hol'd .a. Benefice’in Cmmindam or Trnfi ; to allow .a Son (contrary to the Canons/ to fucceed his Father immediately in a Benefice; to allow a Clerk rightly qualified to hold two Benefices with Ore of Souls-, to abolifh irregu¬ larity gotten without a mans own default, as by defeft of Body or Birth, or by accidental killing of a Man, &c.- to abolifh the--guilc of Simony 352 %¥ £>Wr Simony - to allow a Beneficed Clerk for fomc.certain caufes to be Ms- Refidtnt for fome time 5 to allow a Layman to hold a Prebend, &c, whilft by ftudy he is preparing him. felf for the fervice of the Church; to: grant Difpenfationsrofick, to old People; to Women with,Child, . to.eat flefhon days whereon it was forbidden'; to conftitute Publick 1 . Notaries,-, whofe fingle.Tcftimony ' is as good as the TeRimonies of any two other Perfons, All which fore- ,menrionedXi«w«.i Difpenfatm, : &c. the. faid. Arehbslhop grants by -himfeif, .or by his ; Deputy,-called rthe.iit i.tjtcr. cf Eaoddts, in all his j Majellies Dominions except Sat- l M j . for all the new lateAcquifiti- ons to chisCrown.as Virginia, Nen England, Barbados, Bermudas, &C. were heretofore added by due Au¬ thority to the Province of Canter¬ bury - and puc under the Dioeels of Lendon. . He hath alfo the Power to grant Literas Tnitorias, whereby .say one that brings his -Appeal. of€»tslani>* 353 may profccuce tfie fame without any moleflation ; to beftow one digni¬ ty or Prebend in any Cathedral Church within his. Province upon every Creation there of a newBi- Ihop ; who is alfo to provide a fuffi- cient Benefice for one of the Chap¬ lains of the Archbilhop^orto main- tainhim till it be effeded. By the Scat. Primo Elk. it is pro- - sided that, the Queen by the Advice of the Archbifhop might ordain and publifh fuch Rites and Ce¬ remonies as may be for Gods glory, for edifying of the Church, and due reverence of the Sacra¬ ments. He hath the Prerogative to Cow- [time a Bifhop (though it mud be done in the prefence and with the alfijlance of two other Bifhops (as every Bifhop gives Ordination but with the aliiflanee of Presbyters) to'aflign Co-ttJjmrs to infirm Bi- Ihops; to confirm the Eledion of Bifhops within his Province ^ to call Provincial Synods according to the King* 3 54 Xfje pjefent S>tate Kings Writ ahvayes direfled to him; to be Moderator in the Sy¬ nods or Convocations to give his Suffrage there laft of all j to vificthe whole Province ; to appoint a Gm- dUn of the Spiritualties, during tile Vacancy of any Bifhoprick within his Province; whereby all the E- pifcopal Rights‘of that Diocefs be¬ long to him, all Hcclefiaflical Jo- rifdiftion, as Viftation, Infiiuiti- ons, &c. The Archbifhop may retain and qualifie 8 Chaplains which is itnoa than anyDuke by'Scatuteis allowed to do. ‘ . The Archbifhop of C/Pitim hath moreover the Power to holt divers Courts of fttdicaturs for de riding of Differences in Eccleliafli cal Affairs, as his Courtof Arch his Court of Audience , his.'?« rotative C ourt i an d ^is Court. ofA cnliars ; of all which (hall be hani led particularly and apart in theSt cond Part of The Prcfcnt Stiff : Enitind; ' ' , DiCngfauB* 355 Thefe andother Prerogatives and Privilcdges the Wifdom of ourfirfl: Reformers thought fit to be retained andadded to the Chief Perfon (un¬ der the King) of the Churchof England. The next Perfon in the Church of England is the Archbifhop of Jorks who was antiently alfo of very high • repute in this Nation, and had un¬ der his Province not only divers Bifhopricks in the North of Eng¬ land, but all the Bifhopricks of Scitland for a long time; until the year 1470, when Pope Stem the 4th created Ce Bifhop of St. jin- hvs Archbilhopand Metropolitan of all Scotland. He was alfo Legatus Nattu ar.d had the Lcgantine Office and Au¬ thority annexe to that Archbifhop- . rick. ' •' He hath {fill the place and prece- dfnee of all Dukes not of the Roy¬ al Blood, and of all great O fficeri of State , except only the Lord Chan- Xf)e palette £>tm Chancellour ; hath the Tide of Grace and Mofi Reverend Father] hath the Honour to Crown tk Queen, and to be her perpetual Chaplain. He alfo is filled PrimatoiEng land and Metropolitan of his Pro¬ vince, and hath under him theBi- fhopricksof York., Durham, Cur- lijle, Chefler, andthat of the I ft „/ Man. Only Durham hath ape© liar Jurifdidion, and in many things is wholly exempt from the Jurifdi- dion of the Archbifhop. He hath the Rights of a Conn! Palatine over a certain Territory . nejic York ereded by Kmg Rich, i into a Count) Palatine, and had the like over Hexamjhire in Nortka- berland. May qualifie alfo 8 Chap- , fains-,. and hath within-his Province . diver? other Prerogatives and Pfi- viledges which the Archbifhop.of Canterbury, hath .within his own . Province. The! of-CtiflBtnD* The next in place among!} the Clergy of England are the Bilhops, fo called from the Saxon word Bif- m?, and that from the Greek tectr©- speculator , Exploiter ul Scptrmcndens, an Officer a- I ’ft the Heeathen fo called,^ at pant & viHui cjuotidiano: E~ us enim apttd Cbriftianospraefl f vittuifpiritna/i. i the Bimops of England are is and Peers of the Realm, are Barons by a threefold er (which cannot be faid of the ,ordO they are Feodal in re- af their Lands and Baronies t to^theirBifliopricks. They • crons by Writ, being fum- i by the Kings Writ to Parlia- , and they are created Barns tent , which at their Confeera- always exhibited to the Arch. ). They have the Precedence Temporal Barons.under Vi- i. In the Parliament have n the Vpper Hosefe in a double 7 as Bifhops; for before they were Barons, they had in alltirr.es place in the Great Council of the King¬ dom : and there ever placed on the Kings- right, hand, not only to give their Advice as the Judges do, but nd traftandm, ordinandum,jht • tuendum, definiendum , &c. i hey have the Title of Drds and Reverend Fathers. All Bifhops in England have on or two tranfcendent Priviledges which feem almoll Refill ; as, In their own Court; to judge and pals Sentence alone by themfclves,with¬ out any Colleague or Jfefor ; which is not done in other of the King) Courts: for the Bifhops Courts (though held: by the Kings Autho¬ rity Virinte Magijlram fr.i ) ate not accounted to be property w Kings Courts, and therefore the Bifhops fend forth Writs in .their own Names, Tefie che Bifiiop ,:and notin the .Kings Name;ras ail'd* Kings Courts properly f()' ailed do. ofenglano* Moreover Bifliops have this other tranlcendent PrivUedge, to.deptite their Authority to-another (as the King doth) either, to their Bijhops Shjj'rqMJ, t£ r their Cbmtllms, to their Commjfaries or other Qffi- qrs,; which, none: of the Kings Jijjg'esmay do. \' ( All Biihops. have onePriviledge. shove and beyond, all Lay Lords , w That in whatfoever Chriftian. Ponces Dominions they.come,their Epifcopal Dignity, and' Degree, is i^tnowledged ; : andthey.may, qyd- nm Bifbaps confer Orders #hereas_no Lay' Baron , Vicemi', Marquis , nor Duke , is in Law sdnowledged fuch out of the Do¬ minions of the Prince whoconfsr- redthofeHonours.'" .The Laws andCuflomsof Enr- W are fo tender of tlie Honour, Credit, Reputation andPerfonof Eilhops our Spiritual Fathers, that none might(wichout fpecial Licence fain the .King,, firllr, obtained ). be tndifted of any-Crime before any lenjporai Judge. . Up- 3*0 £l)e pKicnt State lljro'nfevere penaltyby our Laws no man may raife reports, where, by Sctmltl may arlfe to the Perfon of any Bifhop, or Debate and Dif. cord between them aftd the Com¬ mons of England. ' In Civil Trials, where a Bifhdp is plaintiff or Defendant, the Bi. (hop may as well as any Lay Lord, challenge the Jrraj, if one Knight atleaft be not returned of the Jury, ] and it fhall be allowed unto him ala Pnviledge'due topi's Peerage, i- In Criminal : Tfia!s for life, all Bifhops by Magna Charta and Star. 25 Eiw. v are to be tried by their • Peers, who are Barons, and none j under ; notwithftanding the late co'ricfcieof fomeLawyers, that be r j caufe Bifhops may not be on the Criminal Trial ofa Peer, therefore are not to be tried by Peers ; for fo neither may Bifhops be tried bya Common Jury, becaufe they may not be on the Trial of fuch men. Moreover,Noble women mav not be on the Trial of Peers, and yet rhev mmm they are to be tried by Peers of the Realm. And there is no Legd Precedent in England df a Biflfoa remaining a Biihop, that ever was tried for his life, but by Peers of the Realm. Antiently indeed Bifhops were fo exempted,ai not at all to be tried by Temporal Judges , till after deprivation and degradation , and then being thereby rendred no Peers, but common Perfons, they might be tried by Common Juries. Since the Reformation, the Eng. lilhproteftanc Biihops have beenfo conftantly Loyal and True co the Crown (to the envy of Non-Con* formifts) and fo free from all Ca¬ pital Crimes,that there is yet no Pre¬ cedent in England for their manner of Trial for life. As for that Com¬ mon AiTertion, That no Lords of Parliament are to be tried by their Peers, but fuch as fit there Ration Militatis , and that.ali Lay Lord* have place in Parliament for that rear fat it is noc only falfe but frivo¬ lous in the judgement of very.many R j'udi- j %\)z patient S»tate jud'uious men. And indeed how Wand mratf m ^ e muft it needs be (let all men judge) tha t an Arch- bifhopof CMtrbmj, who is by all acknowledged to bt Prims Pir R,m,ftould be triedby a Common Inrv of Freeholders, when as the rneaneft Lay Baron, though ere: ated butyefterday, may not be tri¬ ed by any under Barons ? 1 n Parliament Bifhops as Baron?, may be prefent and vote at the Trial and Arraignment of a Peer of the Realm , only before Sentence of Death or loft of Member be pro¬ nounced, that they may have no hand in blood, no hand \ndipty ;»£, but only in fnving , they have, bv Canon Law the Privilege and] ImmtttiM to abfent themfelves, and by Common'Law to ir,c.ke Proxies to vote for them. TrmoPli^p.2. TtisexpreJ declared, that all Lords of Park me nt ( without any exception ol Lords Spiritual) fhould be cried™ .that particular by their Peers. ^ of engitate power puts him to death without ^VhePerfom oFtheSpiritual Go. vernours of the Church of £«• fund, are of fuch high and tender tefpeft in the eye of the Law, that it is thought fit to exaft the fa me re- fpeft from a Clergyman to htsBi- ihop or Ordinary, as from a Child to his Lather; and therefore made the Offences of Parricide andfpi/- ■eofuide equal, vk, both Petty Trea-. fon. -stssrts (faith an antient Record) fiat* madam Dictate ceteris amepomr dus quia tcclefi* Camttmcnfs B, conus eft Vnvmialis. over the Imperial and CapM ofE^/W,itisbyaStatuteofto times exprefly provided that-he .fhould have the preference and P jC edenceofalltheBifhops of.-Bj ofengimtk Ud ; whereby he is become fas heretofore the Lord Prior of the Or- dir ofSt John of Jerufalem) Primus BaroRegni, asthe Lord Abergavemj \rPrimits B annum Laiconm:. Next amongft thofe of the Epif topal Colledge is the Biffiop of Bur- hem within the Province of rod who hath been a Count Palatine 6 or 700 years ; wherefore the Com - mon Seal of the Bifhoprick hath been of a long time an Armed Knight, holding in one hand a m{ ed Sword, and in the other a Church, i He hath alfo'at this day the Earl¬ dom of Sadberge annexe long ago to this Bifhoprick, by the King. In the fifth place by vertueof the fore-mentioned Statute, is the Bi- fhop of winchefter , reputed anti- eptly E art of Southampton , • and fo hiled in the Statutes of the 'Ho¬ nourable Order of the Garter by Henry the Eighth , though foon af- • R 3 tee r ,« %i)c Patent State. ter that Earldom was otherwife di- fpofed of. After thefe afore-named all the other Bifhops take place according to the Seniority of their Confecratm unlefs any Bifhop happen to be made Lord Chancellour, Treater, Privy Seal, or Secretary of State; which anciently was Very ufual, as reputed for their Piety, Learning , Single lift, Diligence, See. far more fit for the Advantage and Service of the King and Kingdome, than any Laymen ; and infuch cafe a Bifnop being Lord Chance Hour, had place next to the Arehbifhop of »■ hry, and above the Arehbifhop of York; and being Secretary of Statt, had place next to the Bifnop of fyinebefter. All the Bifhops of England noiJ living^ take place as they are ranked fn this Catalogue: DrC('fo» of ensiank 3 6 7 Dr. GilbertSheldon L. Arch-Bi- fhop of Canterbury , confecrated Bi- (hopof London 1660,and tranflated to Canterbury 1663. Dr. Richard Stern Lord Archbi- ftop of York,, confecrated Bifhopof Carlifle 1660 , and tranflated to • Y^i664. Dr. Humphrey henchman Lord Bifhop of London, confecrated Bi¬ fliop of Salisbury 1660 , and tran¬ sited to London 1663. Dt. fohn Coftns confecrated Bi¬ fliop of Durham 1660. Dr.' George Morlcy confecrated Bifhop of mrcefter 1660, and tran- ihted to Winchefier 1662. Dr. william Piers Bifhop of Bath and Wells, confecrated 1632. ' Dr. Robert Skinner confecrated Bifliop of Briftol 1616, thentran- flited to Oxford 1640 , and laftly to mrcefter 1663, Dr. William Lts'cy Lord Bifliop of St. Davids , confecrated 1660. Y)c.Benjamin Raney Lord Bifliop of plj, confecrated itfGoBifhopof R 4 Peter 3 68 V& pztfcitt £>tate Peterborough, thence tranflated to Lincoln i66 3 ,laft!y to Ely 1667. Dr. Gilbert Iron fide Bifhop of Bridal, confecrated 1660. Dt.Edward Reynold!,conkcniti id6o Bifhop of Norwich , he isalfo Abbot of St. Bemetde Hulmo, the foie Abbot now remaining in E»p hind. Dr. William Nicolfon-, confena- ted Bifhop of Gloceficr. J 660. Dr. fobn Hticket , confecrated Bifhop of Coventry and Lichfell 1661. Dr. Herbert Crofts, confecrated Bifhop of Hereford 1661. Dr. Seth Ward, confecratedBi. 4 hop of Exeter 1662. tranflated to Salisbury 1667. Dr. Henfiem, confecrate d Bifhop of Peter borough 166 3. Dr. Rainbow , confecrated Bifhop of Carlifle 1664. Dr. BUnford, confecrated Bifhop cfOxford 1665. ; Dr. Bolben Bifhop of B'ocbefter, confecrated 1666. Dr, flfCttsiana; Dr. Davis Bifhop of Landaff, confecrated 1667. Dr. confecrated Bifhopof Lincoln 1667. Dr. /Dbrp?»,confecrated Bifhop of Bangor 1667. Dr. Sparnw, confecrated Bifhop q{ Exeter 1667. Dr. Wilkins , confecrated Bifhop of Cheflsr 1668. Dr. ( 7 «»fl/»g ; confecrated Bifhop edChichefler 1669. Dr. Barrow confecrated Bifhopof St, Afaph, 1670... Thefeare ail Barons and Peers of the Realm, thefe have place in the Upper Houfe of Parliament , and in the Zipper Houfe of Convocation ^and thefe are the Lords Spiritual ; next follow.the Commons Spiritual, con¬ fiding of Suffragan Bijhops, Deans, Arch-deacons , Prebendaries, Reflors, and Vicars ; to whomalfo belong divers confidcrable Priviledges. 370 %yi pjttenC £>tate All Suffragan Bifhops, all Dm, 'Arch-deacons, Prebendaries, ReBors , and Vicars, have Priviledges, fome by themfelves, others by proxy or by reprefentative, to fit and vote in the Lower Houfe of Convoca¬ tion. No Subfidies or other Tax to the King may legally be laid upon them, without their own confent firfthad in Convocation. The Clergy (as appears by the words of the writ, as alfo by Mo¬ dus Tentndi Parliam. and by 21 Rich. 2- oaf 12,) hath per Prior ratores 'Cieri, Place and Suffrage in the Lower Houfe of Parliament, as wasantiently pradifed in Engl,ltd, and of later years in Ireland, (though now not ufed in either) and as the Bifhops flill have and ufe in the Higher Houfe of Parlia¬ ment. ' No Clergyman may be compel- led to undergo any Perfond Fun¬ ctions or Services of the Common¬ wealth, ofCrtgimtD* 37 i tytulth, or to ferve in War. If any man by reafon of his Land, befub- jed to be elefted to any Servile Office, if he takes Orders, he is free, and there is a Writ purpofely to free him; All Clergymen are free from the Kings Purveyors , the Kings Car¬ riages, the Kings Pofts,&c. for which they may demand a Pnte- Uim from the King cum elaufu/a no- ' Irntts. If a Clergyman acknowledge a Statute , his Body fli.ill not be taken by vertueof any Procefs thereupon • for the Writ runs, SiLaicusfit See. • J 5 Clergymen are not obliged to appear at SherivcsTourns , or Views i F ra»k Pledge , there to take their Oath of Mcgeance , the Ami- ent Laws prefuming , tine thofe, tvhofe principal Care and Office ffiould be to teach the People Lay- eh] and jillegeancc to their. King, could not themfelres want Loy¬ alty. By 37 : %i)t pjeCent &U tfe By MagnaCharta no Clergyman is to be fixed or amerced according to to his fpiritual means, but according to his temporal eftate, and according to the Crime committed. The Goods of Clergymen are dif : charged by the Common Law of England from Toils and Cnftomti(fi non cxerceant Marcbandiztu dctij- dim) of Average, Pont age, Murage, Paviage ; for which they have the Kings Writ to difeharge them, The Glebe Lands and Spiritm! Revenues of * lergymen being held in pura & perpetua Eleemofjna (i.e.) mFrankalmoine, are exempted from arraying and mufteringof Men ot Hoifes iortheWar, as appearsina Stature Bill in force, viz. 8 Htn. 4. Nam. 12. in the unprinted Rollsof »hat Parliament. The Clergy being by their &«• PHon prohibited toweara JHwJor any Arires (their Coat alone being their defence) cannot ferve in Pit- fern in War. They ferve their Cota- trej otherwife, and for that Service have ofCngiantu 373 have alwayes been thought worthy of their Spiritual P refits and Rc~ virtues , and of the Kings Prstc- ffiwf. The Clergy paying to the-King pirft years profits of all Spiritual Benefices, called FirPl Fruits, and yearly the Tenth of all the faid Be¬ nefices ^ are with great reafon thought fit to be exempted from ail other Taxes ; though to give the Laity good example, they often lay Subfidtes, or other Great Taxes up¬ on themfelves. It was an Antient Maxime in England, Nu/lus pro decimis dibet mrari de alicjua reparations Pentts [in alimibm oneribus temperalibus. t Thefe and other Immunities of the Clergy the. Great jiquinas thought agreeable to Natural Equi¬ ty,or the Law of Nature, thence ic was that King Pharaoh 47 (7f».when all the Lands of his Subjefts were mortgaged to him for Bread, yet fpared the Lands of the Priefts. So £tatc fort Brother to 'Henry the 4 th, was Biftopalfoof fVwchcfier. And of later Times thatmoft prudent Hw- fl 7. had defigned hisfecondSonto be a Clergyman, to omit many o- thers of Noble Blood. Which Poh- a h ftill obferved even amongft the few families of the Romifh Religi¬ on in England, wherein are to be found at this day fome Brothers or Sons of Dui's, Mnrcjmfa, Eak, and Barons in Holy Orders and all the reft of the Stock of Barr wts Kwhs, or Gentry: and for this’eaufe find refpeft not only a- mongft thofe of their own Opini¬ ons ; but .even of the morefobtr, moderate., and beft civilized Pro- teftants. Whil'ft this Policy bM in England, the Clergy were judg¬ ed the Htteft Per/ons to e»J moft of the Chief Offices and Pi ¬ ces of the Kingdom vaccordig the Divine Policy, amongft OJ peculiar People; where-chef ie«s andLevites were the Principal Q : ficer 8 andM" inever y C0U S ofCngltinD* 389 whom the People were to be obe¬ dient on pain of death) and the Laity did with much reverence and refpeft fubmit to them. And as then. Os Sacerdotis, Oraculum erat pith's (according to that of Mala- till. 7.) So Os Epifcopi Oraculum ir,it Regis & Regni, & Rex ample- Sek’.tur tmivtrfum Clerttm latafron- tc& ex eo femper fit eligcbc.t primes a Confiliis , primes ad ojficia Rcgr.i tbtmd.t. Primi igitur fedebant in om- xihts Rcgni Commitiis & Tribunali- hs Epifcopi, in Regdicpmdtm Pda. tie turn Regni Magnatibus , k Co¬ rn'll etui Una cum Comite, in Tttrr.o turn Vicecomite , & in Htindredo turn Domino Hundred's , fic tst in pro- movenda f aft ilia sift] net] iiaqite gla- mt gletdium adjuvant G~ nihil in- tmfnlto Sacerdotavcl Epifcopo. agper tur. And becaufe the Weal of the Kingdom and .the Service of the King,depended fo much upon them, and their prefence for that end fo oft required at London, it was fudged expedient that every. Bi- S 3 fhoprick. %\yi pjetent State ftoprick fbouid have a Palace or Houfe belonging to it m or about London - and it is known at this day where flood the Houfes of every one except that of St. Jfaph which alfo’ might probably have had one, but more obfcure than feme other; that Bifhoprick having been, asltill, very mean. . . , Great was the Authority ot the Cleru in thofe dayes, and their Memory fhould be precious inthefe dayes , if we confider that they were the Authors of fo great bene- fits andadvantages to this Kingdom, that there are few things of any im- portance for promoting of the wel¬ fare of this Church and State, wherein the Bifhops and Prelates, under God , have not been the Frbc'ml Infirumtnts. The Excel¬ lent Laws made by King lna. King Jthelfian, King Edmund and St. Edward, from whom we have out Common Laws, and our Pnvi* ledges mentioned in MagnaCharta, were all made by the perfwafions of Cnglatto. 3 ? i and advice of Bijhops and ArchbU fays named in our Hiftories. The Union of the Two Houfes of Yoyk_ and Lancafier (whereby a long and bloody War was ended) was by the moft wife Advice and Counfel of Bifisp Morton, then a Privy Coun- cellour. The Vn'rn of England mi Scotland, that inexpreffibie ad¬ vantage to both Nations, was brought to pafs by the long fore¬ light of Reverend Bifiiop Eox a Pri¬ vy Conncellour, in advifing Henry the Seventh to match his Eldeft Daughter to Scotland, and his Younger to France. Mod of the Great Publick Works now remain¬ ing in England, acknowledge their antientand prefent being either to the foleCoft and Charges, or to the liberal Contributions , or at lead to the powerful perftvafmsoi Bilhops; as moft of the belt endowed Col- ledges in both our Vniverftties ; ve« rymany Hofpitals, Churches, Pala¬ tes, Cafiles, have been founded and built by Bilhops; even that fa- S 4 ntous pzcCmt £>tatc mous chargeable and difficult Stra. fture of London- Bridge hands obli¬ ged to the liberal Contributions of an Archbifhop; and it was a Bifhop of London, at whofe earned requed William the Conejuerotir granted to the City of London fo large Privi- ledges , thacin a grateful remem¬ brance thereof., the Lord Major and Aldermen io this day , upon fome folemnidaysof their refort to St. Pauls Chtirch , do go in Procif- ji:n about the Grave ftone where thatBifliop lies interred. But-above all, The Converting England to the Chriftian Religion, the"Reforming that Religion when corrupted , and fince, that, the maintenance of the Doft rine there¬ of again'! all Romifh Writers, and of the Difcipline thereof (none of the lead good Offices) againftall the Practices and Power of the Pu¬ ritan and Presbyterian ladions, and all thofe other Sectaries line- ally defeended from them * all this syid more is owing (if not folety, ofCttgiauD. 3P3 yet principally) to Bifliops and Pre- la ts : by the late want of whom to fit at the Stern, how foon was this goodly Veffel fplic upon the Rocks of Anarchy and Confufion, Even fince the late Relhurati- on of Bifliops , to fet down the many confiderable publick Benefits flowing from them and other Dig¬ nified Clergy, would tire the Rea¬ der. What fums of Money have been by them expended in repairing .Ca¬ thedral ChurchesEpifcopal Hou- fes, in founding and building Ho- fpitals, in Charity to poor Widows of Clergymen utterly ruined by the late Rebels, for redeeming of a great number of poor Chriltiin Slaves at Jlgkr , what publick-and private Sums for fupplying the Kings Neceflities at his Reflaurati- on, what ExpencesinHofpitnlity, ,&c. above and beyond the Chari¬ ty and Bounty of others who have ten omes their Wealth and Riches ?■' S To- n %p pjtftnt State To inftance in a few, whereof certain information hath been 8 Dr. WillUm fuxon Archbifhop of Canterbury, deceafed, augment¬ ed to poorVicaridges to the value of i iooo/. H for Redemption of ChriftianCaptives, in Sublidies, Poll-money, Benevolences, Firlt- Truits^c.ioooo/. Repairs 16000/. Befides for repairing of Sc. Pm/’s C hurch 2000/. to St. fob* s Col- ledge in Oxford 7000/. In other Charitable Ufes 2000 /. in all 48000/. Befides ail this, he was [0 kind to his Tenants, as to abate in their Fines 16000/. ( Gilbert Sheldon, late Bilhopoi London , now Archbifhop of Cm- terbury , gave for Redemption of Captives,and other Charitable Ufes, in Subfidies, Benevolences, Pur- chafe of London-HOtife, Repairs, Building at Oxford, Firft-Fruits, <7f. jjqooo/. and abated to hisTenants 57000/. and all this whilft he was Bifiiop of London. Dr Jrifl OfCttgiatlD* 3P5 Dr. Brian Duppa, late Bifliop of Wmhcfltr, gave for Redeeming Captives, Building and endowing Alms-Houfes, with other Charita¬ ble Deeds, in Benevolences, Re¬ pairs , &c. i(3ooo l. and was fo good to his Tenants, as to abate 30000/. in their Fines. Dr. Frewen late Archbifhop of , disburfed in publick pay¬ ments and repairs only, befides a- batements to Tenants, 15000 1 . Dr. Cofins the fore-mentioned Bilhop of Durham , having from his M entrance to the end of 7 years, not received above 19800/. he ex¬ pended it all and 5000/. .moreei¬ ther in rebuilding and repairing the Houfes and Cattles belonging to that See , or in rebuilding the Chappel at Auifimd , and Free Schools at Durham, all which had been ruined by the late Rebels ; in founding 2 Hofpitals and a Publick Library, in founding 8 Scholarfhips in Cambridge : of which pious and ar.d charitable works, the whole expences came (according to mod certain information) to above 22.000 1 . Befides he hath expend* ed in 2 Benevolences to the King,in redeeming of Chriftian Captives at Algiers, for his Confecradon, &c. for the Furniture of the New Chap- pel at Anklancl with Plate and other decent Ornaments, for relieving the diftreffed Loyal Party and other publick and pious ufes,above 4400/. All which is here declared more particularly then the defignedbre¬ vity of this Treatife would hand- fomely allow, only thereby to put a flop to the clamour of many perfons againft this Bifhop and many o- thers, as if they had received vail films ol money and put it all in their private Purfes. Dr. y/armr late Bifhop ot R'-- chrftcr , though his lines were bat fmall, yet betides abatements to Tenants, he gave in Royal Prefects, Benevolences, Subfidies, Redeem¬ ing of C ptives.CT'c. above 25000/. I he Deans and Chapters were pro- ofCnslanfc 357 proportionably as liberal, to men¬ tion in fome of them. That of Camerbnrj in Royal Prefents, Charities, Repairs, be- fides all abatements to Tenants, gave 16000/. That tfwmchejlerjn ail 45,800 /. Durham 15000/. Ely 14000/- £.«rrr near 26000 /. Lincoln 11 oso /. Rochcjkr 10000 /. Worcester 9000 L Win&for in abatements of Fines Sooo/. in Royal Prefents 2600/. in Augmentations 6900 /. in Re¬ pairs 8000/. in Charitable Works above 2000/in all 28500/- Turk, Scoo/. f ydls 1 000 /. The Sum Total of only thefe a- bove mentioned Bifhops, Deans, andChapters, amounts to 413S00 founds. The reft doubtlefs parted with their money proportionably , and then all accompts call up, the re¬ mainder 3 c?8 X0e p^efent &tate mainder could not be great. For inftance in one of the beft Churches, Canterbury, out of their clear re¬ mainder at the end of the year 1664 They had no more than every Prebend 1100 /. and the Dean a double fliare. As they have then been beneficial to this Kingdom above and beyond other ranks of men, fo they have had the higheft refpeft, reverence, and efteem. In all Ages amongft all Nations, among!! Turks, as well as ^cwand Chrifiim , it was judged fit that the Principal Domeftique Servants of the King of Heaven and Earth either (hould be of the Chiefejl and Noble Jl upon Earth,or atlealt fhould be fo efteemed. Such Reverence our Ancedors bare to that FuntSion, that (as 5 P £ of€nglanDs Dr. CY/*^.Dean of winchefler. Dr. Wilford Dean of Ely. Dr. Crejton Dean of Bath mi Wells. Dr. williams Bifhop of Offorj and Dean Commendatory of Banger. Dr. Fill Dean of Chrift- Church. Dr. Hard) Dean of Rochefter. Dr, Thomas Dean of IVorccfier. Dr. Bredyoh. Dean of Salisbury. Dr. ftwj’.VWDeanof Lincoln. Dr. Lkijd Dean of Sr. Afaph. Dr, Cari Deanof£.vfrrr. Dr, Dnport Dean of Peterborough• Dr, Crofts Dean of Norwich. Dr. Tvgood Dean of Briftol. Dr. Hodges Dean of Hereford- Fit. Brough Dean of Glocefler. Dr. mod Dean of Litchfield. Dr. Crew Dean of Chkhtfier. In the Province of Fork. Dr. Hitch Dean of Dr. Sudbury Dean of Durham. Dr. Carlton Dean of Carliflc. Dr Bridgeman Dean ofChcfier. 4 oj srtjepCent State Note ; That in the Cathedral Churches ot Sc. Davids wi of Landajf there never hath been any Dean, but the Bifhop in enheris Head of the Chapter, and m the Bifhops abfence the Chanter atSt, Davids, and at leotdaff the Arch, deacon. Note itlfo , That there are forae Deans in England without any Jb- rifdiftion, only for Honour fo Ai¬ led ; as the Dean of the. CW Jloyal, and Dean of the Cbappel of St. George at rvindfor. Moreover , fome Deans there are without any Chapter, yet en¬ joying certain jurifdiftions, as the Dean of Crojden , th e Dean of fid' tel, the Dean of Bockirg, & e ‘. CHAP CHAP. XVIII. of the Second St Ate , or Nobility tf England, and therein of their Degrees, Privtledges , State, Revenues 5 &c. N Obilts ejrntfi virimfcibiles, or a’jot.'. Notabtles. In all Chriflian Monarchies,menthat have been No- ttlleloeCourage, Wifdsm, Wealth, be. have been judged fit and wor¬ thy to enjoy certain Privileges,Ti¬ tles, Dignities, Honours, &c. above the Common People, to be placed in an higher Orbe, and to be as a Uft. Shrten between the King and the inferiour Sub jefts,to defend the one from Info!encies,and the other from Tyranny ; to interpofe by their Cmftl, Courage, and Grandeur, where common perfons dare not, ought not to befohardy; to fup- fortthe King and defend the King- 404 £l)e pjctcne State dom with thdr lives and fortunes. The Nobility of England is called the Peerage of England, becaufe they are all Pans Rcgni ; that is A S ii/j. rats Pans, though gradu imfares. Vtgrcti. The Degrees of the Englifh No¬ bility are only five, vii. Duki, ■ Marquis, Earl, Vtcotmt, and ft- ron. Thefe are all Peers, but the four firft are for State , Prjvilejli, and Precedence, above and before thofe who are Barons only. 04,. A Duke in Latine Dux,a dmenb, Noblemen being antiently either Generals and Leaders of Armiesin time of War, or Wardens of Mar¬ ches and Governours of Provinces in time of Peace -, afterwards made fo for term of Life, then held by Lands and Fees, at length made 0 f reditary and Titular. • The firft Duke fince the Conque- rour was Edward the Black Print, created fo by Edto. 3- > n £ “ e II , t year of his Reign. A Duke is at Jj of (England 405 day created by Patent, CinElurc of Sword,MantleofState,lmpofition ofa Cap and Coronet of Gold on his Head, ■ mii Merge of Goldoni into his hand. Marchio a Marquis, was firft lb Marquis. (ailed from . the Government of Marches and Frontier Countries. The firft that was'fo created was IthrtVm Earl oh Oxford, made Marquis of Dublin in Otttrvo of Ri- ihard 2. A Marquifs is created by a CVm- \ fare of a Sword, Mantle of State, Impoftion of a Cap of Honour, with a Comet and delivery of a Charier or Patent.- Earls anciently called Comites becaufe they were wont Comitari hgem, to wait upon the King for Counfel and Advice. The Saxons tailed them Ealdormen , the Danes hrlas and the EpgUJh Earls. They tad anciently for the fupport of their tate the third-penny out of the She¬ riffs Court ifluing out of all Pleas of itat Shire whereof they had their Title but now it is otherwifc; An Earl is created by the CmUun of & Sword, a Ma»th of Stntep npon him by the King himfeif , a Cn a Comet put upon his head, an a Charter in his hand. All Earls are ftiled by the King Cenfitngmeinoftrii Our Coftm, and they antiently did and Mmay# thetlyle of Nos. All theEarlsof England areloctl or denominated from fome Shite, Town.orPlace^sceptrwowhereo! one is perfonal, as the Earl Marfhal of England, who is not onely ho¬ norary as all the reft, but alfo offici¬ ary The other is nominal, w Earl Riven, who takes his denomt-i nation from anilluftriousTamily.a the reft do from fome noted Place. r. Vicecomes quttfi Vice tubemtum Comiutm. This line tvas Erft given fay fome by g in the 18 th year of his Reign to ?» Beanmont, though it may be » that s H- S- Sir Retort Bn** of ©taunts. 4 o 7 6y that King created a Vicotint. Vicounts alfoare filled by the King Cenfanguinei noflri , Our Co- j!m. : A Vicount is fo made by Patent. In the LaWs of the Longobards Esm, and of the Normans this word Ba¬ rm was ufed for Vir, as at this day Bern or Vmn in the Spanifti Tongue is ufed for the fame; fo that a Baron is Vir **?’i&%h> } VirNo- tdilis & Principalis ; fo the Chief Burgefifes of London anciently, and {fill thofe of the Cinque Ports are tailed Barons. Anciently thofe Barons only were accounted Peers of the Realm, that held of the King per integram Baro- mm, which confifted of 13 Knights Fees, and one third part ( each Knights Fee being 20 /.) which make in all 400 Marks,and whoever had fo much, was wont to befum- moned to Parliament. Now to hold fir ■' Baromam , is to hold per b*re- ditatem Bamit, whether greater or le fs. Barons jnje twtent &tatc . . » i j .1 -- •Barons in'the beginning of tM Reign of B. 3 vwere not of fn much repute as afterwards,when chatKmg fatter that great Rebellion agiinft him was fuppreft) ;called by Writ unto Parliament onely fuch great men as hid continued Loyal'- which the fuceceding Kings obfervinp.they only were accounted Peers ot. the Realm,that were called by the Kings fpecial Writ..and the others loft their Peerage. . P 'i , The Earls Palatines and- Earls Marches of Engird, had anciently alfo their Barons under them; asm Chcjbirt there areyet fuch Barons; but as ho Bithops butthofe that hold immediately ofthe King are Peers of the Realm (for. the Bifliopcf Man. holding immediately of the Earl of Dtrbj isnoPeer) fonoBa- tons butthofe that hold immedi¬ ately of the King, arePeersofthe Realm. taWBmnu is fomeCaftle-or Chief Seat of a Nobleman which is not to be divided amongft Daugh ofCitfflani). 40? ters (if there be no Son) butmuft defcend to the Elded: Daughter Uteris filkbus aliunde fatisfattis. Land holden by Barony, doth not make thepurchafer that is ig¬ noble to be noble, although the charge of fuch Tenure doth lie upon himinrefpeftof the Service of the Realm ; no more than Land by Villain-Service, doth make the Pur* chafer that is a Freeman a Villain, though he (hall thereby be bound to his Villain-Service due for thofe Lands. Barons are fometimes made by Writ , being thereby called cofit iii the Higher Houfe of Parliament, butmoftafualJyby . All the fore-mentioned Degrees havethe Title of Lord-fr om the Sax- wword Laford , Dminui• " All the Lords of England both. Spiritual and Temporal , are Feuda- tom to the King, and in their Cre- ation.and alfo in theirSucceflion, do fwear an Oath of Fcalty , and do Ho- tugt to the King their Soveraign, T and 410 ©)e patent State and pay certain Duties, as Signs and' Symbols of their Sub jetton to their Prince. All Honours in England are given by the King, who is the fole.boun. tainof Honour. The Law of prohibited! all Subjefts of the Realm to receive any Hereditary Title of Honour, or Dignity, of the Gift of any fonip Prime , King, or Emperour. £Jl tnimpis Majefiatu & inter Inftgm fmmepteflmis. Noneofthefe Elmars beftowed by the King on a Tamil], can be loll, but by want of Jflue Male, except yvhere the Patent extends to Iffue Female, as fometimes it doth ; or ell'e by fome heinous Crime; and then, that Family cannot be reftorcd to their Bleed but by Parliament. ■ ; All Noblemen at their Creation have two Enligns, to fignifie two -Duties. Their Heads arc adorned aiconfulendum Re gem &.Patr'M tempore p/tcisy and they are girt WU" a S word ad. defcndtndtm Regent JP-atriam tempotcbelli. Tl! of CttglanD* 4 , r ■ The.feveral Degrees bf the Eng- lift Nobility are .differenced and diflinguifht,one' from another by their Titles and Engfins of Ho¬ nour. ■ A Duke hath the Tide o{Grace, andbeing written unto, may be Ri¬ led,/!/^ High; Pstent, amt No¬ bis Prince. A Marquis, Aloft No¬ ble md Potent Lord. An Earl, Aloft Nclile and Potent Lord. A Victim, Right Noble and Potent Lord ; And* K Baron, Right Noble Lord. ’ Their Coronets are all differenr. A Baron hath "6 Pearls upon the Circle, given to that Honour by the prefent King. Account hath his Circle of Pearls without number. An Earls Coronet hath the Pearls raifed upon Points and Leaves low between. The Marquis a Pearl and a Strawberry -Leaf round of equal height. And a Dukes Coronet only Leaves without Pearls. They arc more efpecially diflinguifht by their Robes of Parliament, by their fevc- fal Guards on their' Mantles or ' ’ T 2 Short " sw/c/^ abonttheir‘Shoulder,; A Baron hath but two a Vi* count two and a half- an Earl three, a Marquis throe and a half anda Duke four: Alfo the Mantle of a Duke, Marquis, and VKOunt, is fa¬ ced with Ermine, that of a Viqount and Eaton faced with Plain White Furrc. -. the Nobility of %/WhaveiD all times enjoyed many confiderable PCM*, of the Realm being lookt on as the Kings Hereditary conftantCounfellours, their Perfons out of Parliament time are prm- ledged (as others m Parliament time) from all arreft, unlefsfe Treafon,Pelony,or breach of Pence, Condemnation in ■ Parliament ot Contempt to the King. No S J plicAvh ean .be granted' agaij them- NoCap/Vw or £xf »‘‘ ued . out againft them for, Adtions of Debt or Tnffafs. j oftensianb* Criminal Caules, Treafon, orFeio. ny, they cannot be tried by any o- ther Jury but by a Jury of Peers of the Realm ; who are not as other Juries' to be put to their Oath, buc their Verdift given in upon their Honour fufficeth. In Civil Caufes theyare not to be empanelled upon any Jury, nor upon anyEnquefls dt faflo , though in a matter be¬ tween two Peers. In cafe any Peer be returned upon any fuch Jury, there is a fpecial Writ for his dif- charge. Vpon no cafe to be bound to their good behaviour, nor put to ftvear they will not break the Peace, but only to promife it up¬ on their Honour j which was ever counted fo facred, as upon no terms to be violated. A Peer of the Realm may not be put to the Rack or Torture to difeover the truth though accufed of High Treafon. Every Peer of the Realm called to Parliament, hath thePriviledge in fo lawful abfence to conftirute a Proxy to vote for him, which none T 3 of 4*3 +I+ £i)e pjeteit *>tate of the Commons may do. Alfo in places of trull committed to them, they are allowed to make Deputies, bvreafon of the neceffity fupppo- led in the Law of their attendance onthePerfon of the King, though neither Civil Law nor Common Law allow any others Teftimony to be valid, but what is given upon Oath, yet the Teftimony of a Peer of Engird, given in upon his Ho¬ nour, without any Oath, iseheem- cdvalid • andtheywerewonttobe examined upon their Allegeante and the Loyalty of their Chivalry, and to put in their anfwer to.a Bill fa per honorm, without taking an Oath ; though of later times tliat .Priviledge, by the negledt of fome Lords hath been infringed fome- rimes. A day of Grace by the fa¬ vour of the Court is not to be granted to the Plaintiff in any Suit or A diion wherein a Peer of the Realm is. Defendant ,- and this by Statute Law, becaufe the Law prt- fumes that a. Peer of the R eal[ jj of CtigianD* 4 i 5 mud alwayes be ready to attend thePerfon of the King and theSer- vtceof the Common-wealth, and therefore it is not to be delayed longer than the ordinary ufe of the Court but to have expedition of Juftice. At the beginning of Par¬ liament when the Oath of Supre¬ macy isexaded of ai! thofeof the Houfe of Commons, yet it is not required of any of the Lords,, be- caufe the King is other wife affined of their Loyalty and Fidelity, as is prefumed. In all Cafes wherein the priviledge of Clergy is allowed' to other men, and aifo in divers Cafes avhere that Priviledge is taken- away from other men, every Peer of the Realm having 11 ice and' Voice in Parliament, (hill upon his Requefb by St at. t £d. 6 . without burning in the hand, lofsof Inheri¬ tance, or corruption of Blood, be adjudged for the firfl time as a Clerk convid , though he cannot read. The Title of Lord is due to all that are Barons of England, and to none T 4 other 4 ,6 %l)z pzcfcittSrtatc other befides Bifhops, and fome great Officers of the Kingdom. Only of Courtefie the Title of Lord is given to all the Sons of Dukes and Martjuiffes, and to the Eldeft Sons of Earls, and to none under. All Barons of England are er. cmpted from all attendance at She rijfe Totims or any Letts, as others are , to take the Oath of Allege me. A Peer cannot be outlawed m a- ny Civil Aftion, becaufe he cannot be arrefted by any Capas, and by the fime reafon lies no Attachment againft him. By the Cuftom of England, (as is by the Law of the Empire) Nobi¬ les non torquentur in quibw plebtitor* qnerentnr & Nobiles non fafpendmi' tur fed decapitantur: yet this by the meer favour of theKing,and in fome cafcs.efpecially of Felony,hath been otherwife fometimes. For the fupprefling of Riots and RoutSjthe Sheriff may raifc the Pcjft Comit*- ofCttglmta. 4 ij Cmlt Atm % that is, all able men are to afilft him j yet may not the She¬ riff command the perfon of any Peer of the Realm to attend that Service. A Baron of Parliament being fenc for by the Kings Writ or Letter, or by his Meflenger to come to Court, or to Parliament, or to appear be¬ fore the Council-Board , or in his Court of Chancery , may both coming arid returning bytheKings Forefl or Park, kill one or two Deer. Inany Civil Trial, where a Peer of the Realm is Plaintiff or Defend¬ er, there mutt be returned of the Jury at leaft one Knight, otherwife the Array may be quafht by Chal¬ lenge. The Laws of England are fo ten¬ der of the Honour, Credit, Reputa- lion and Perfons of Noblemen, that there is a Statute on purpofe to pro¬ hibit all offence By falfe reports, whereby any fcandal to their per- femayarife, or debate anddif- T 5 ; ‘ cord! 8 MMi cord between them and the Com. mons- and becaufe it is to defend not only Lay Lords but Bilhops and alhgreat Officers of the Realm, uis jailed ScanUdum Mugnatnm. The Houfe of. a Veer cannot in fome Cafes (as- in fearch for Proliir bited Books, for Conventicles 0 ?r.) be entred by Officers of Juftice without a Warrant under the King? own hand, and. the hands of fixof bis. Privy Council, whereof four to be Peers of the Realm. No Peer canbe affened towards No Peer can oe aneucu the Handing Militia , but by foor snore of themfelves, moreottneimavcs. The Law allowing any one otttic Commonalty to be arraigned (or felony or Treafon in favtrm via to challenge 35 of his Jury with¬ out (hewingcaufe,.and others by (hewing caufe •, yet allows not a Peer of the Realm to challenge any of his Jury, or to put any oftliem to their O th , the Law preluming tine they being all - Peers of tue llealm and judging, upon their ’ Honour, ofCngiatto* Honour, cannot be guilty of Fal- Ihood, or Favour, or Malice. All Peers of the Realm have a Priviledge of qualifying a certain number of Chaplains, who (after a Dilpenfation from the Arch-Pi- fliop (if to him it feemgood) and die fame ratified under the Great SkI of Enol.wi) may hold Plura¬ lity of Benefices with Cureof fouls In this manner every Duke may qua- lific fix Chaplains, every Marquis and Earl live apiece, every Vicount four, and every Baron three. A Peer of the Realm may retain 5 Aliens born,whereas another may not retain above 4. .In Cafe of Amercements of the Peer, of the Realm upon Non-fuits Mother Judgements, aDukeisto leamerced only io pounds, and all unde', onfy 5 /. and this to be done hvtheirPeers, according to Map -,a U urta-, although it is oft don; now k die Kings Tuilices in ftead.of their : Peers. 4i 9 420 %i)t pjeftnt All Peers of the Realm being conhant hereditary Councellours of the King in his Great Council of Parliament, and being obliged upon the Kings Summons to appear and attend in all Parliaments upon their own Charges, are priviledged from, contributing to the Expences ofany Memberof the Houfe ol Commons; for which no levy may be made up¬ on any of their Lands,Parcel of their Earldoms or Baronies, any of their ancient Demefns, Copyhold, or Vil¬ lain Tenants. The Eftates of all Peers of the Realm being judged intheEyeof the Law fufficient at all times to fatisfie all Debts and Damages, fa- tisfaftion is to be fought by Locu¬ tion taken forth upon their Lands and Goods, and not by Attach¬ ments, Imprifonments oftheir Per* fons, (thofe are to be alwayes free for the Service of the King and Kingdom ) nor by Exigents or £> j>;aj VtlagalHin, &c. Other ofCnsiaut. 421 Other Priviledges belong to the Peers of England, as 8 Tun of Wine Cuftom free to every Earl, and to the reft proportlonably, &c. Notwithftanding thefe great Pri¬ viledges belonging to the Nobility of England, yet the greateft of them (no not the Brother or Son of tha King) ever had the Priviledge of the Grandees of Spain, to be covered in the Kings Prefence, except only Hairy Rat cliffe Earl of Surrey, aj before 160. nor had ever that higher Priviledge of the Nobility of France , whofe Domain Lands and their Dependants holding them are exempted from all Contributions and Tallies,whereby they are tied to their King , and fo enabled to ferve him, that although Rebellions are frequent ', yet feldom of long con¬ tinuance, and never profperous; whereas the higheft born Subjed of England hath herein no more Pri¬ viledge than the meaneft Plowman, but utterly want that kind of reward 4 52 parent &tate for ancient Vertue, and encourage, raent for future Induftry, p f[Ce . Touching the Places or Precedent dmc. ces amongft the Peers of England, it is to be obferved, that (after the King and Princes of the Blood, viz,. the Sons, Grandfons, Brothers, Un¬ cles, or Nephews of the King, and. no farther) Dnkes amongft the Nobility have the firft place, then. Marquifles,Dukes eldeft Sons, Earls, Klarquilfes eldeft Sons, Dukes youn¬ ger Sons,Vicounts,Earls eldeft Sons,. Marquifles younger Sons, Barons, Vicounts eldeft Sons, Earls younger Sons,' Barons eldeft Sons, Vicounts, younger Sons , Barons younger Sons. Here note , Tliat it was decreed: by King James , that the younger Sons of Barons and Vicounts ftiould. yield Place and Precedence to all Knights of the Garter, tjuatmts ta¬ ils, and to all Privy-Councellours,, Mafter oftheVards j Cbancellour,. ofCi’.stentt. 4 j 3 and Under-Treafurer of tbs Exche¬ quer, Chancello.ur of the Diicchy r Chief Juftice of the Kings Bench,. Malta" of the Rolls, Chief Juftice ofthe Common-Pleas, ChiefBaron of the Exchequer , and all other Judges and Barons of the degree of the Coife of the laid Courts, and' ‘ that by rca’fon of their Honourable Order and Employment; and alfo to all Bannerets made under the Kings Banner or. Standard difplayed inan Army Royal in open.War, and the King perfonally prefent.. Moreover, Obferve that all No¬ bles of the fame degree take.place according to the Seniority of their Creation. There are certain Marks of State stue, that belong to each degree amongd: the Nobility, which they may pra- clife or not pruftife at pleafure. A Duke may have in all places Duly, out of the Kings prefence a Cloth of Mate hangingdown within half a yard 424 P Jcfcnt yard of the ground , fo may Iris Dutchefs, and her Train born up by a Baronefs; and no Earl to wafh with a Duke without the Dukes pleafure. M/tquifs ' AMarquifs may have a Cloth of Eftate reaching within a yard of the ground, and that in all places out of the prefence of the King or a Duke and his Marchionefs to have her Train born by a Knights Wife; and no Vicount to wafh with a Marquifs but at his pleafure. Em- An Earl alfo may have a Clothof. Eftate without Pendants, but only Fringe, and a Countefs may have her Train born by a Gentlewoman out of the prefen'ce of her Superiors, and in her prefence by a Gentle¬ man. Viceuni., a Vicount may have a Cover of Affay holden under his Cup while he drinks, but no Affay taken, as Dukes, Marquiffes and. Earls may " have ofengim 425 fiave^ and may have a Travers in his own houfe. And a Vieountefs may liave her Gown bornnp by a Woman out of the prefence of her Superiors, and in their prefence by aMan. A Baron may alfo have the Cover Birin: of his Cup hoi Jen underneath whilft hedrinketh, and a Baronefs may have her Gown born up by a man in the prefence of a Vieountefs. All Dukes elded Sons are born tsMarquifles, and the younger as Lords, with the addition of their Cliriftian Names, as Lord Thomas, Lord film, &c. A MarquifTes elded Son is called Lord of a place, and the younger Sons Lord Thomas, Lord foh», 8 cc. An Earls elded Son is called Lord of a place, and all his Daughters Ladies, but his younger Sons not .ords. A Vicounts elded Son is no Lord, flrhis DanghtersLadies,and there¬ to the elded Son and the elded Daughter 4 2(5 £t)cpjcCmt £>tatc Daughter of the firft Vicount of England , is faid to be the firfl Gen¬ tleman and Gentlewoman without Title in England. The Princes of the Blood , tile Great Officers of the Realm,and'the Bifhops are to precede, according to an Aft of Parliament, 31 H. 8. The Lord Chancellour,LordTrea< furer, Lord prefidentof the Kings Council, Lord Privy Seal: Theft being Barons or above, fttall in Par¬ liament fit above all Dakes, except the Son, Brother, or Nephew of the King. The Lord High Steward of land is not here named, becaufeit was intended that he Ihould not continue beyond the occafion for which he fiiould be made. Next hath place the L. Great Chamberlain of England , then tit Lord High Confhble , the Eatl Marfhal, the Lord High Admiral, Lord Steward of the Kings Hou- (hold , Lord Chamberlain of tot Kings.Koufhold.Thefe fliall fit.afo the Lord Privy Seal, above ail of their degree onely. And if the Kings Principal Secretary be a Ba¬ ron, he takes place of all Barons that are not of the Offices before-menti- on’d ; but if he be a Viconut or higher Degree, he fliall take place only according to his Degree. Alfo if the Kings Secretary be a Bifliop,a5 anciently was ufual, betakes place next to the Bifliop of Wwchtfter, before all other Bifhops that have none of the Offices aforefaid. All Dukes,. Marquiffes, Earls, Vi- tounts, and Barons, not having any of the laid Offices, fhall take place according to the ancientry of their Creation. All Dukes eldeft Sons have the Tide of Earls, and the eldeft Son ofan Earl,hath the Title of the Eads Barony, and fometimes of the Vi- countv. according to the Patent. %l)t pjcfcnt dtate J Catalogue of the Peers of Eng- land acwding 19 their Prtd- deuce, Dukes of the Royal Blood. J AMES Duke of Tori and ■Albany, Earl of Vlfter, Lord High Admiral of Ergland ,the Kings only Brother. Edgar Duke of Cambridge., Rupert Duke of C umberUmA Earl of Hclderuefs. The Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, the Lord Treafurer, and the Lord Privy Seal, take, place before all Dukes notoi the Blood Royal. Lukes. Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk William Seymour Duke of Somcrftt. i George VUlars Duke of Buckingham Charles Stuart Duke of Richmond ., Ck>k of €ns&tto; 4 2a Chrifiofkr Mon^, Duke of Albe¬ marle. James Scot Duke of Monmouth. William Cavendijb Duke of New- collie. Marquiffes. Jilin Pawlet Marquis of WmhcPler', Henry Sometfet- Marquifs of Wore* fier. Utmj Pierrepoint Marqui&ofDtf)’- chtfler. Earls. Thefe three take place in refpeft of their Offices. lebert Bertue Earl of Lindfeyl Lord High Chamberlain of Eng¬ land. Janes Butler Eatl of Brecknock.? Lord Steward of the Kings Hou* (hold. IdWard Montague Earl of Man- chejhr , Lord Chamberlain of the Kings Houftold. Earls. 45 o X!)ep?ffentMitc Earls. Jwbrey de Fere Earl of Oxford. , foctlinc Piercy E.of Northumberland, Charles Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury Ant hoy Grey Earl of Kent. Charles Stanley Earl of Derby . . , fohn Mannours'Etrl of Rutland; Thaphilm Hattings Earl ofife; tingdon. William Rtijfcl Earl of Bedford. William Herbert Earl of Pembrtl(t, Edward Clinton Earl of Lincoln. Charles Howard Earl of Notting¬ ham, j fames Howard Earl of Suffolk ! Rickard Sacvile Earl of Dorfet. Robert Cecils of Salisbury. John Cecil Earl of Exeter, fohn Edgerton Earl of BridgwaUE Robert Sydney Earl of Lcicefier. fames Comptcn Earl of Northantp- Charles Rich Earl of Warwick, . William Cavcndifh Earl of DM* Jhire. Bafil Earlof Denbigh. Ct*g ofengiata George Digby Earl of Brifiol.'' LionelCranfidd Earl of Afidd/efex. Robert Rich Earl of Holland. Gilbert Holies Earl of Clare. Oliver St. fohn Earl of Bulling.. broke; Charles Fane Earl of Weflmorland. Edward Montague Earl of Man- chfjier. Charles Howard Earle of Beikjfnre. John SheffieldEavl of Mulgrave. William Ley Earl of Marlborough. Thomas Savage Earl Rivers. Melos Knowles Earl of Banbury:. Henry Mordant Earl of Pcterber rough. Henry Grey Earl of Stamford. Hmeage Finch Earl of winchel/ey. Charles Dormer Earl of Caernar- ■ ven. Blount Earl of Newport. Philip Stanhop Earl of Chcfterfield.' fohn Tnfton Earl of Thanet. Thomas WcfionMl of Portland. William Wentworth Earl of Straf¬ ford. Mirt Spenser Earl of Sunderland. garnet 432 %¥ patent State James Savil^t\ofSupex. Charles Goring Earl of Norwich Nicholas Leak^t\ofScarfdale. John pyillmot Earl of Rochefler. • Henry femin Earl of St. Albans. Edward Montague Earl of Sand¬ wich. James Butler'Earl of Brecknock. Edward Hyde Earl of Clarendon. Arthur Capcltnrl of FJfex. Robert Brudnel Earl of Cardigan. Arthur Annefly Earl of Anglefty. John Greenvile Earl of Bath. . Charles Howard Earl of Caerlip. William Craven Earl of Craven. Robert Bruce Earl of Alisbury. ■Richard Boyle Earl of Burlington. Vicomts. ' Leicefler Devereux Vicount Here, ford. Francis Brown Vicount Montague. James Fiennes Vicount Say and Seale. Edward Conway Vicount Conway. Baptifi Noel Vicount Camden. William Howard Vicount StafjA. Thtt0 of CngianD* Thomas Bella/,t Vicount Falcon* bridge. pirn Mordant Vicount Mordanti George Savil Vicount Hal/if ax. Barons. Nevil Lord Abergavenny, fames Toucbet Lord Audlej. Charles Weft Lord de la Ware. George Berkley Lord Berkley. Thomas Parker Lord Morley and Mmteaglc. hands Lennard Lord Daeres. Conyers Darcy Lord Darcy and Mend. William Start on Lord S foment Lord Sandys de la Vine. Thomas Windfor Lord Windfir• CrsmtvelLotdCromwel.- George Evre Lord Evre. Philip wharton Lord Wharton. William Willoughby Lord Willmh- h) of Parham. * William Paget Lord Paget. Dudley North Lord North. William BrugesLordChandolt. William Petre Lord Petre. V Charles 433 CharlesGerardlodGerard. Clunks Stanhop Lor& St a»hop. C JXy Arsrdd Lord Anedel of cS&r Roopcrlori Ttnbm. Hubert GrtdlLo^ Brooks. of EtKgbton. »r,7/M»ff«;Lord ff «7 0 fW^ 'fchn Roberts Uni Roberts. \ohn LoveUcelod Lovelace. \..hn Pawktlot&rmkt. George Coventry Lord Coventry., Edward Lord HowardofEfrm, Charles Mohmkodfdx. William S/tf/frLord Bfttler. William Herbert Lord Rown. Edward Herbert Lord Herbert 0 ChtrbH £imour'LoriSejmm. rkiiopher HatmloriHam. .EichardBjmloti Bjron. .RichardFdugbaHlmd ? ■ ofcngim 43 5 Fmicis Carrington Lord Carrington. ° Willim JViddrington Lord wid~ drington. Humble Ward Lord Ward. Thm.tf Lord Culpeper. Iftc.c Aft ley Lord Aftlej, film Lucas Lord Lucas, plm Bellafts Lord Bellafis: Bdmtrdnr.itJon Lord Rockingham. Charles Gerard Lord Gerrard of Brandon. Gilbert Sutton Lord Lexinton. Charles Kirhhovtn Lord Wot ton. M.vmadnke Langdale, Lord Lane- dale. “' William Crofts Lord Crofts, plm Berkley Lord Berkley of Stmt' Venfel Holies Lord Holies. Charl-s Cornwallis Lord CornWallis. Gttrge Booth Lord de la Mere. Btratio Towifend Lord Toivnfend. Mlmy Afiley Cooper Lord Afhliy. phn Cmv Lord Crew, &c. Henry Bcnnet Loi;d Arlington. Uhn Fr-fchevile Lord Brefchevik. Mard Arundel Lord Arundel of Trerice. V z Thomas i,,s Sbepjetmt State Thorns But hr Lord Butler of Mori j/m^Homrd Lord Horwd of CAjUc-rifrg. Of Temporal Lords or Peers of ’ Br."land , there are at prefent about jel whereof there are i© Dukes, 3 Marquiffes, 56 Earls, 9 Vicounts, -and67 Barons-, whereas within70 years laft pad there was not one Duke, but one Marqcifs, about 19 Earls,3 or 4 Vicounts,and 40 Lords, -Knwuf. The Laws and Cuftoms of £*f land , alwaves willing that Dearm and Conveniency fhould.be every where obferved, and confidering tat Charges and Expences appertaining to the fever.! 1 Degrees of Honour, as they belong to men of Principal Service to the King and Reaim.both ir. timeof War and Peace, expected . thateachofthemfhould have a con¬ venient Eftate and Value of Lands of Inheritance, for the fupport ot ,-tbeir Honours and the Kin gs.Service; There- of Cltghm 437 Therefore antiemly when the in- trinfique value of a Pound Sttrlar worth 30/. of our Money now ■•appears by the then price of all things, every Knight was to hive about 800 Acre;, reckoned at 20/. yearly in Land,that is, about 600 1 of our Money at this day- A Baron to hive 13 Knights Fees,, and one third part, which amounted to a- bout 267 which multiplied by 30, was as much as 8000/. a year at this day. An Earl 20 Knights Fees, and a Duke 40. And in cafe of decay of Nobility, or that they had fo far wafted their Revenues, that their Honours could not de¬ cently be maintained (as the Ro¬ man Senuors were in fuch'cafe removed from the Senate) fo fome- times fome Englifh Barons have not been admitted tofic in the Higher Houfe of Parliament, though they kep t the Name and Title of Dignity For the better fupport of thefe Degrees of Honour, the King doth V 3 ufually 3 %))z r r u M|vupon the Creation of a Duke SriiifUA^Vicount grant an \ 1 rvorye’r!y ilcnttotheman ' 1 tSrHcirs.wlnch is fo annexe to the j i rt nitv that by no Grant, Affu- }£e or any manner of Agnation can be given from the fame, buns liill incident to, and a fupport of the jhme Dignity ; contrary to that P ,,ncip!cinlatv T l’«‘' V 'V tfFct-Hh k c, ^ cd m ‘ b * iref 'in. Fcc-fwpk bj one mj or ^To a Duke the King grants 40/. heretofore a confidence Penlwn, to a Marquif; 40 Mark?, to an Earl « 0 l and toVicountioMark. 10 Barons no fuch Penfions areorditw- rily granted, onely the ate Km creating Adontjoy Blount (the > Earl of Nov fort) Lord Moun'.fj of T/W/jU,granted him a Fee of 20 Marks per annum to him and ins heirs forever. As the King of England hath evet had the rcDUte of thencheftinDo- AstheKingotiW^^t“ — had the repute of the ncheft in Do¬ mains of any- King in Europe ofCnsianD* 43 c? the Nobility of England have been accounted the richeft in Lands of a- ny Neighbouring Nation • fome having above 20000/.yearly,others 15000 /. and fo many of them above ten, that if one with another they have but 8000/. yearly, it will a- mount to in all among!! the 154 Lords above Twelve hundred thou- fand pounds a year, about the ele¬ venth part of the yearly Revenue of all England, which upon computa¬ tion is found to be about Fourteen Millions yearly. The Englifh Nobility for Valour, Wifdom,Integrity,and Honour,hath in a II former Ages been equal Ma¬ ny in Chriftendom. Every Lords Houfe was a kind of well-difciplin'd Court, in fo much that the Gentry,Males and Females, were wont to be fent thither for ver- tuous breeding, and returned excel¬ lently accompliflit. At home their table Attendance, Officers, Exercifes, Recreations, Gat bjWas an Honour to the Nation. V 4 Abroad 440 £l)c indent State Abroad they were attended with ns brave, numerous, and uniform Train of Servants and followers as any in Europe ; not thinking it con¬ fident with their Honors to be feen walk the Streets almoft in Cnn* with one Lacquey, or not that, much iefs to be found drinking in ala- jf’l'ome of the Englifli Mobility by a long continued Peace, excel- five Luxury in Diet, want of A Si¬ on , C re. were before the late Wars born more leeble in body than their Ancettors ,-and by too fine and too full Diet, afterward were rendred weaker in mind and then during the late troubles by much licentioufnefs and want of fit Education, were fo debauched, that it was lately difficult to find ( fome are bold to affirm) the Cou¬ rage Wifdom, Integrity, Ho¬ nour Sobriety, and Courtefie o the Ancient Nobility: yet is it no to be doubted, but that under Warlike Enterprifing Prmc J J . ot'Cngiantu thofe vertues of their Fore-'fhthers may fpring afrefh. CHAP. XIX. of the Third State or Commons- of England, and therein of Baronets , Knights, E[quires , Gentlemen ^Yeomen-) Citizens y Handicrafts. 'He Law of England, contrary to the Laws and uiftoms of other Countries, calleth none No¬ ble under a Baron ; fo that not only all Baronets, all forts of Knights,' all Efquires and Gentlemen, but al¬ io the Sons of the Nobility, are by our Law reckoned among!! ihe Cmni'ns ot England-, and there¬ fore the eldeit Son of a Duke, though by the Conrtefi? of England IliledanEarl, yet (lull be Arraig¬ ned by .the Stile of Lfquire only,,. V 5 and 44 * 442 pjeftnt and may be tried by a Jury of Cow mm freeholders ; and in Parliament can fit only in the Hoiife of Common, ifelefted, till called by the Kings Writ to the Lords Houfe. Yet doth itfeem very abfurd that all Noble¬ mens Sons, with all Knights, E* fquires, and Gentlemen, lhouldbe efteemed Plebeians , but rather as in Jlome, they were in a middle Rank, inter S cantons & Plebtm ■, or elfe as in other ( hriUivn Kingdoms, they fliould be confidered as the Mint Ncbilit.u Rcyi : fo that as Barons and all above, may be Riled Nobi- Its Majons ■ fo from a Baron downard to the Yeoman, all may be not unfitly filled Nobiles Mi- The Tower Nobility then of England cor,fids of Baronets, Knights , Efipires, and Gentle¬ men.', gurnets.' The next Degree to Barons arc Baronets, which is the lowed De¬ gree of Honour chat is Hereditary. ® . An of^ngianD. An Honour firft inftituted by King fames Anno i6ir., given by Patent to a Min and his Heirs Males of his Body lawfully begotten ; for which each one is obliged to pay into the Exchequer fo much money as will for 3 years at 8 d. per diem, pay 3 c Foot Souldiers to fcrve in the Pro¬ vince of Vlftcr in Ireland, which fum amounts to 1095 I. which with Fees doth commonly arife to 1200/, Bironets have precedence before all Knights except Knights of the Garter, and Knights Bannerets, made under the Kings Banner or Standard, difplayed in an Army Royal in open War, and the King perfonally prefent, or the Prince of Walts: Prince Hairy by particular mention had liberty to Create Ban¬ nerets , See Mr, S elder, s Titles of Honour, Baronets have thcPriviledge to ’near in a Canton of their Coat cf Arms, or in a whole Scutcheon the Arms of Vlftcrviz. In* Field Ar- $»t a J-l&idGdcs 1 alfo in the Kings Armies 44 444 %W pwftnt Armies to have place in the gtcfs near the Kings Standard, with fome other particulars for their rune- The whole number of Baronets in England are not to exceed aco at one and the fame time ; alter o-which nnmbcrcompleated, as any for want of heirs come to be extinft, the number fliall no t be made up by new Creations, but be fuffered to diminifli-, as appears by their Pa- tent. No Honour is ever to be crea¬ ted between Baronets and Barons. The firft Baronet that was crea¬ ted , tvas Sir Nicholas Bacon 01 Suffolk.-, whofe Succeffor is there¬ fore {tiled Primus Bamcttorm jlnglix. tinigb-t. This Word Knight is derived from the German Word Kmcht, fignifying originally a LnJijSavi- ^The Germans (as the ancient Ro¬ mans gave their young men Togam mm ofengum Vlrilem) by publick Authority be¬ llowed on their young men able to manage Arms , a Shield and a Javelin; as fit for Martial Service, and to be a Member of the Com¬ mon-wealth, accounted before but a part of a Family •, and fuch a young man publickly allowed, they called- Knecht: whence we had our Infti- tution of Knighthood. The thing Knight is at this day (ignified in Latine , French , Spanijb, Italian, and alfo in .the High and Low Dutch Tongues, by a Word that properly fignifies a Her Jem an, becaufe they were wont to ferve in War on Horfe-back,and were fome- times in England called Radenjhts, U eft , Riding Servitors yet our. Common LaW fliles them Militcs, becaufe they commonly held Lands in Knights Service to ferve the King in his Wars as Soldiers. The honour of Knighthood is commonly given for fome perfonal defert, and therefore dies with the perfondeferving, and defeends not to his Son. In %\yz pjeftnfc &Vdtt In E»gla»d there are feveral forts of Knights , whereof the chiefeft are thofe of the Order of St. George, commonly called K»ights of tin This Order isedeemed the mod Honourable and mod Antientoia- ny now in ufe in Chriflendom. It began as appears in theStatutesof this Order., in 1350, and the 2 3th year of the Warlike and Puiffint King Edward 1. who was founder • thereof, and at (ltd made choiceof the mod llludrious Perfons of Eh- rvtn , to be of that Royal Society ( no doubt) upon a Martial, and not upon any fuch Amorous Ac¬ count as a Garter f.slling-from a La- diesLegge, which ridiculous Story, to the difhonour of the Order, was fad fancied by Polydore Virgil-, and face upon his credit taken up by many late Authors. It was fince commonly called, The Order of the Garter , becaufe this only part of the whole Habitot the Order was made choice of at . ' ■ 1 &fl: ofCngiantu 447 firft to be conftantly worn, and that to put in mind the Companions of the Order, that as by this Order they were joyned in a firm League of Amity and Concord, fo by their Garter, as by afaft tye of affeftion, they were obliged to love one ano¬ ther. Now leaft this ftrift combina¬ tion might feem to have any oilier aimeorend, but what was honou¬ rable and juft, ad obviandam rr.dara- mrptuumm (as the ancient Re¬ cords of ivindfir fpeak) the Grid King commanded that Motto or Imprefs to be wrought on the Gar¬ ter, viz. Horn foit qtti md y pcnfe. The reafon why this Motto was put in French, was becaufe then the King of England being poffeftof a great part of France , not onlyour Laws , Pleadings , and Sermons were in French , but that was the ordinary Language intheCourtof England. It appears by Antient Writings that this Honourable Company is a C0lr 44 8 Xpe PKfent State Colledge or Corporation, having a Great Seal belonging to it, and con¬ fiding of a Soveraign Guardian (which is always the King of Eng¬ land) and of 25 Companions cal¬ led Knights sf the Garter , of 14 Secular Canons, that are Priefls- of 13 Vicars who arealfoPriefis; of 26 poor Knights, who have no other Maintenance but the allow¬ ance of this Colledge, which is gi¬ ven them in refpeft of their Pray¬ ers, to the Honour of God and of Sr. George , who is the Patron of J-»£jWand of this Order in parti¬ cular ; and none of thofe Fabu¬ lous St. Georges as fome have vainly fancied •, but that famous Saint and Soldier of C.hrift St. George of Cap¬ padocia , a Saint founiverAlly recei¬ ved in all parts of Chrifiendm , fo generally attefied by the EcclefTafii- cil Writers of all Ages from the time of his Martyrdom till this day, chat no one Saint in all the Calendar (ex¬ cept thofe acceded by Scripture) is better evidenced, There ofCnsum 449 7 here be alfo certain Officers be¬ longing to this Order; as the Pre¬ late of the Garter.which Office is icttled on the Bifhoprick of win- thjltr. AChancellour of the Gar¬ ter, A Regifter,who of latter times bath been conflantly the Dean of Witidfer , though, anciently, it was o- therwife. The Principal King at Arms called Garter. , wliofe chief fundion is to manage and marfhal their Solemnities at their Inftallati- onsandFeafts, Laftly, TheUfher of the Garter. There are alfo certain Orders andConflitutions .belonging to this Society touching the Solemnities in making thefeKnights, their Du¬ ties after Creation, and their highPriviledges, too long for this place. The Coll edge is fea.ted in the Ca. file of Windfor , with theChappel of St. George , there erefled by King Edmrd 3. and the Chapter- Houfe. • The 45° %l)e pjctcnt £>Mte The Order of the Garter is wont to be bellowed upon the mod excel¬ lent and renowned Perfons for Ho- nour and Vertue ; and with it a Plew Garter deckt with Gold,Pearl, and Precious Stones, and a Buckle of Gold, to be worn daily on the Left Leg; alfo at High Feafls they are to wear a Surcoat, a Mantle, t high Black Velvet Gap, a Collar of°pure Gold, compofed of Rofes enamel’d Red , within a Garter cnamel’d Blew, with the ufual Mot- tain Letters of Gold-, and between 'eacli ofthefe Garters ii Knot with Taffels of. Gold / together with other Stately and Magnificent Ap- ^Tliey are not to be feen abroad without their Garter upon their Left Leg, upon pain, of paying z Crowns to any Officer of the Order who (hail firft claim it; only in takings Journey a Blew Ribbon under the Eoot doth fuffice. Upon the Left Shoulder, upon Gloak, Coat, or Riding Caflack hi OfCttglttUfo. 451 all (-laces of Affembly ,. when they wear not their Robes, they are to wear an Efcutcheon of the Arms of it. Gorge, that is., aCrofs with a Garter, and this by an Order made Afril 1616. That Ornament and Embellifhmenc about the fiid E- fcutcheon now worn, and called the Star or rather the Sun in its Glory was at the fame time enjoyned.. The greatefl Monarchsof Chrl- IMm have been enrolled , and kve taken it for an Honour to be of this Order. There have been of this Order lines thelnftiiution 8 Empcrours, 27 or 28 Foreign Kings, befides many Soveraign Princes, c 're. The ' #2 £>tate The Fellows and Cmpanms of tbs Mefi Noble Order of St, George, are at prcfent theft that follow , ranked according as they arefeated in their ft* veral Stalls at Wind for, I N the firfl: Stall on the right hand is the Sovtraign of the Order King Charles the Second, whoii] Patron and Sole Difpofer of the Order. In the other Stalls on the Stop raign's fide are thus placed thefe that follow : 2. Chriftian 5 ch King of Denmark 3 The Duke of Tori 4 Prince Rupert , 5 Marquifs of Brandenbottrgh, 6 Duke of Buck ingham, 7 harl of Briflol, 8 Count Marfm , 9 Earl of Sandwich, 10 Duke of Richmond , n Earl of Strafford,' the 12th and 13th Stalls are void’ On the other fide, oppofit? '••bfensflank 453 ■cppofitetothefeafore-named, are placed in this Order thefe that fol¬ low: 1 Charks the nth-of that Name, King of Sweden-, 2Prince Elector Palatine , -3 Prince of 0- mge, 4 Duke of Saxony , 5 Duke of Omond , 6 Duke of A'ervca- ftle, 7 Prince of Tarent , X Earl ■ofOxford^ 9 Earl of Manchcfter, .10 Duke of ■■Mmmuth, 1 1 Duke of Albemarle , the 12th and 13 th Stalls one this fide are void at pre¬ sent. Note, That antiently Kings and Soveraign Princes were placed ac- cording to their Creations, but now tliofe only are placed according to ■their Degrees. The whole number of Fellows of this Order is not to exceed In the next place are Knights Knights 1 , Bannerets, EqmtesVexiUiferi , an- Bannc- tiently a high Honour, now obfo- rctJ ' lete- there being at this time none of this Order in England. Thefe 454 - Thefe may bear their Arms with Supporters , and none under this Degree. Knkhti of the Bath , fo called of fu’h ' 5 their Bathmg ufed before they are £mk. created. The firft of this fort were made by Hmj 4 *- Amo 1399. They are now commonly made at the Coronation of a King or Queen, or Creation of a Prince of Waits. They wear a Scarlet Ribbon Belt, wife. They are Hill made with much Ceremony, too long here to be defcrihed. Knights Other Knights called. Ee/mtes emk,. j mH f r om the Gilt Spurs ufually Utu put upon them , and Knights Batchelors , <]« 4 l BnfchcvAltm , Knights of lower Degree. So Batchelors in Arts or Divinity, Low Knights or Servitors m Arts. Thefe were anciently made by gird- ing with a Sword and Gilt Spurs, and was bellowed onely upon Sword-men for their Military Ser- vice, and was reputed an excellent and glorious Degree, and a No* ble Reward for courageous Perfons; tut of late being made more com¬ mon, and bellowed upon Gown Men, contrary to the nature, ftbe thing (as Degrees in the Univerfity are fometimes bellowed : upon Sword-men) it is become of much, lefs reputation. Yet amongll Gown- men it is given only to Lawyers and Pfiyficians, and not to Divines, who, may as well become chat Dignity', and be Spiritual Knights as weil a6 Spiritual.Lords., Tiiefe are now made with no o- ther Ceremony but kneeling down , theKing with a drawn Sword lightly toucheth them_on the Shoulder, after which heretofore the King faid in French, So is Chevalier an »m It Lien, and then Avances Chevar litr. When a Knight is to fufifer death for any foul Crime, his Military Girdle is firft.to be ungirt, his Sword taken: away, his Spurs cut *5 3n)e patent > off with an Hatchet, his Gamlet oft Wltn annau'»,- pluckt off, and l' ls Coat of Arms ^Nexumongft the lower Nobili- tvar eE knifes, fo called from the Trench word Efenject, Scittim, hecaufe they were wont to bear be- fore the Prince in war , or before the better fort of Nobility a Shield, orelfe perhaps becaufe they bear a Toat of Arms as Enfigns of their defeent; and by our lawyers are cal¬ led Armkcrl. Of this Title are firft all Vicounts eldeft Sons, and all Vicounts and Barons younger Sons; and by the Common law of England all the Sons of Earls , Marqmfles, and Dukes, are Efquires and no more. Next are the Efquires of the Kings Body, mentioned among the Offi¬ cers of the Kings Court •, after thele are reckoned Knights eldeft Sots, and their eldeft Sons for ever s then younger Sons of the elder Sob* Barons; next Efquires createdIbj the King by putting about ^ ofenglattD* 4 $ 7 Necks a Collar of Efles, and be¬ llowing on them a pair of Silver Spurs, Laftly, any that are infu- periour publick Office for King or State, are reputed Efquires, ore- qua! toEfquires, asjufticesof the Peace, Mayors of Towns, fo Councel|ors at Law , Batchelors of Divinity, Law, or phyfick, although none of them really are In the laft place, among the low- antti- er Nobility are acconnted the Gen- mu. try of England, that have no othpr Title, but are defended of antienc Families, that have always born a Coat of Arms. This kind of Honour ! derived from the Germans to the reft of Qlmjlendom , and was never known in any Country where the Ger. man Cuftoms were unknown, as in dfin, Ajfrica, and America. The Germans antiently warring oft a- j mongft themfelves, painted their, Scutcheons with the Picture of X fome %$ patent &tate feme Beaft, Bird, or other thing fordiftinftion, and put feme emi¬ nent and-viGHe Mark upon the Qeftof their Helmets, and this Ornament both of Arms and ( reft defeended by inheritance to their Children, to the eldeft pure and j to the reft with feme note^ Min- tfion., fuch as the Old Mallet of Ceremonies, in High Dutch Hm- dt now Herald thought fit. Gentlemen well defeended and well qualified, have always been of ; fuchrepute in England, that none : of the higher Nobility , no nor the , King himlelf have thought it unfi- ting to make them fometimes their C °TheTitle of Gentleman in Und fas of Cavalier in pj Italy ^ and Spain) is not difdained by any K^bleman. AllNoblemen are Gentlemen, though all Gentle men are not Noblemen. cfCn&lana* 4 Sons to get their Living by Shop¬ keeping and our Law did account it a difparagement of a Ward in Chivalry to be married to a Shop¬ keepers Daughter, or to any meer Citizen ; for Tradefmen in all A- ges and Nations have been reputed ignoble. in regard of the double- nefs of their Tongue , without which they hardly grow rich ('for Nihil proficim mfiactmedum men- , tiuntur, as Tull] obferved j fothe Son of Sketch, Ecclaf. 26. 29. A Merchant fhall hardly keep himfelf from doing wrong and an Huckfler flnU 'not be freed from fin:) and therefore amongd the Thebans no man was admitted toplacesof Ho¬ nour or Truft, unlefs he liadlefc off Trading ten years before: So by the Imperial Laws aTradefman is not capable of any Honourable Eflare, nor to be a Commander 0- ver Soldiers , and therefore the Englifh Nobility and Gentry till within late years, judged it a ftain and diminution to the honour and X 2 dignity ,<;o ©)e patent State dignity of their Families, to feek their Childrens fnpport by Shop¬ keeping, but only (as in all great Monarchies, bv Military, Court, State or Church Emploiments, muchlefs to fubjeft their Children to an Apprenrifage, a perfeft Servitude; for during that time, whatever they gain by their Mahers Trade or their own wit, belongs all to their Matter , neither can they lie out of their Matters Houfe, nor take a Wife , nor Trade of their own , but fubjedt toallHou- ; (hold Work , all Commands of ; their Matter, undergo what punifh- ment, and eat and wear what their Matter pleafeth; which Markj of Slavery confidered, Heralds are of opinion that a Gentleman thereby lofes his Gentility for ever ^ till he can otherwife recover it ; and yet, to the fharne of our Nation, we have feen of late not only, the Sons of Baronets, Knights, and Gentle¬ men, fitting in Shops, and fome- times cf PcdlingTrades, far more of €ttgiano* 4 6 i fit for Women and their Daughters, but alfo an Earl of ths Kingdom fubjefting his Son to an Apprenti- fage and Trade; but the folly of the Englifh in fwerving from their An¬ te [lors herein (as in other things) is now apparent, for thofe young Gentlemen poflfefiing snore noble and aftivefpirits, could not brook fuch dull flavifli lives, and being thereby unfitted for other emploi- ments, have generally taken ill de¬ bauched courfes. The true Englifh Nobility and Gentry have in all times made it their main aim to endow their Sons with fnch accompfifhments efpecial- Iyas might render them capable to defend their Countrey in time of War, and to govern it in times of Peace • for which two things all Gentlemen feem to be born, and therefore their chief Studies have ever been that of the Great Empe- rour Juft ini An , and fhould be of all Princes and Nobles, viz. JDomi Le¬ gs & foris Arm a quumeptime callere. X 3 Pri- ' %l)t pjcfcnt S'tate , Privileges. The lower Nobility of Ergavd have fewer and lefs Priviledges than thofe in other Monarchies. Some few Priviledges belong to Knights, quatows Knights. If a Fni n 'it be a AFrmr , yet fhall he be fiit'of Wardfiiip both for Lands, Body, and Marriage ; • for though the Law doth judge him notable to do Knights Service till the Age of21 years , yet the King being Sove¬ reign and Supreme Judge of Chival¬ ry by dutbing him Knight, doth thereby allow him to be able to do him Knights Service Knights areexcufed from attend¬ ance at Court-Leets. They and their eldetl Sons not compellable to find Pledges at the Vifm Fraud Pkgii. Knights by Magna Chart a , cap. 21. are fofreed, that noDemefne Cart of theirs may be taken. The of distant),. 4 The Son and Brother of a Knight,. by Statute Law, are capacitated to hold more than one Benefice with cure of Souls. By the Star- Prim Jacobi it feems that Knights and their Sons(though they cannot fpend io /. pr annum, nor are wor'h 200 l.) may keep Greyhounds, Setting-Dogs, or Nets to take pheafants or Partridges. Some Priviledges alfo belong to Gentlemen. Anciently if an ig¬ noble perfon did ftrike a Gentle¬ man id England, he was to lofe his hand.' . A Gentleman by Scat. gnmt. Pliz. may not be compelled to ferve in Husbandry. The Child of a Gentleman brought up to finging, cannoc be taken without the Parents and Friends confent to ferve in the KinesChappel, as others may. The Horfe of a Gentleman may not be taken to ride Poft. 464 %¥ pKCent g>tatc Ntte , That as there are Come Great Officers of the Crown, who for their Dignity and Worth of ' their Places, although they are not Noblemen, yet take place among!! the higheft of the Higher Nobility; fo there are fome Perfons who for their Dignities in the Church de¬ grees, in the Univerfity, Offices in the State or Army , although they are neither Knights nor Gentle¬ men born, yet take place amongft them, So all Deans, Archdeacons, Chancellors, Prebends, Dodors of Divinity, Law, and Phylick, Heads of Houfes in the Univerfity, nfually take place next to Knights, and before ordinary Efquires and Gentlemen. Yet in other Chriftian Countries where the Civil Law hath its due credit in fuch Ads as concern Learning, a Dodor of Law hath precedence of a Knight; as alfo at Court in foreign parts, thofe Do¬ dors that wait on the Prince, p«- ofCngianti* 46$ cede the Knights who are fervants to the Prince^ but othertvife Knights ufaaHy take place ofDo&ors. Likewife all Judges of Court*. Juftices of the Peace. All Coramiffionated Officer* in the Army, as Colonels, Matter of Artillery, Quarter-Matter Gene¬ ral, &c. All higher Officer* in the King* Court or State. All-Sergeants at Law , &c. Thefe arc wont to precede E- fquires. All Batchelors of Divinity, Law, and Phyfick , all Dottors in the Arts, commonly called Matters of Art, all Barretters inthelnnes of Court, all Captains, divers other Officers in the Kings Houfhold, &c. may equal, if not precede Gentle¬ men , that have none of thofe qua¬ lifications. In Gentry (as in Germ • Bjrall Nobility) and Arms are held in Gmltind, defeendingtoaiithe X s Sons 4 66 %l)t patent Sons alike, only the deleft Son bear- eth Arms without difference, which the younger may not, Of the Lower Nobility in Eng¬ land the number is fo great, that there are reckoned at prefent above 500 Baronets more than the firft in¬ tended number ; that is in all above 700, who are ported one with an¬ other of abouc 1200/. a year in Lands. Of Knights above 1400, who one with another may have a- bout 800/. Lands a year. Of E- fquiresand Gentlemen above6ooo, each one ported one with another of about 400 1 . a year in Lands, be- rtdes younger Brothers , whofe number may amount to. abouc Jtfooo-in z\\,England, who have fmallfdatesin Lands, butarecom- morijy bred up to Divinity, Law, . Phyfick, to Court, and Military Emploiments, but of late too many of them to Shop-keeping; The Lands in the’ poffeffion of the Lowqr.^obility.will amount,to 'about ■OfCtiSlflflfc 467 about four Millions and fixty thou. [and pounds yearly. Next to the Lower Nobility and the firft Degree of the Commons orPlebeans, are the Freeholders in £«rW ; , commonly called Yeo¬ men from the.High' Dutch Cemex or Gmate, in Engliffr ComtHm • fo in the Kings’ Court ic figniffeth an Officer, which is in'a middle place between' a' Sergeant and a Groom , or elfe frorp the tow Dutch 7 c- men, Scm-bdj , as the Spani¬ ard calls a Gentleman Hiditlgo, Hljo d'alfb', that is, tbe'Son of Some- kdj- The Yeomanry of England ha¬ ving Lands of their own to a good value, anddiving upon Husbandry, arelookt uphri asfiot aptto commie or omit any thing that may endan¬ ger their Elites and Credits , nor apt to be corrupted or fubornd, &c, wherefore they are judgedfre- tobearTome Offices, as ofConfta- We,,ChurchwardeD, to ferveupow- Juries, to be Train-Soldiers, to vote in the Eleftion of Knights of the Shire for Parliament, &c. In Cafes and Caufes the Law of England hath conceived abet¬ ter opinion of the Yeomanry that occupy Lands, than of Tradefmen, Artificers or Labourers. Husbandry hath in no Age ren- dred a Gentleman ignoble norun. capable of places of Honour. Amongft the Romans fome of the greateft Diftators and Confuls had been once Husbandmen , and fome of them taken from Plowing their Ground, to bear thofe High- eft Offices and Dignities; fo divers Princes, Kings and Emperours, have exercifed Agriculture, and the Grand Scipio and the Emperour Bi¬ te left an left their Commands to en¬ joy Husbandry, By the Statutes of England cer* tain Immunities are given to Free¬ holders and landed men, though they are not Gentlemen : Vidt Stat. l faeobiy cap. 27 , & alibi- OfCttSlffltD* 469 Of, the Free-holders in Engknd. there are more in number and richer ; than in any Countrey of the like: extent in Europe, 40 or so l. a year apiece is very ordinary, 100 and 200 l a year in fome Counties is not rare,fometimes in Km 1000./.and Glides thefe Freeholders (which are fo called, becaufe they hold Lands or Tenements inheritable by a perpetual Right to them and their heirs for ever) there are in Eng- Udi very great number of Copy- holders , who hold Lands within fome Mannors only by Copy of Court Roll of the faid Mannor , &c. and have fntpcrpitum& ati¬ lt Dominium , though not Allodi¬ um & dintturnDmimm, which Freeholders may improperly be laid to have but properly none in Engknd but the King hath. _ _ Amongft the Commons of Eng- 1 ,md in the next place are reckoned ' Tradefmen, amongft whom Mer¬ chants of ForreinTrafick have for their 4-0 p^feut %>tut their greatbenefic to the publick.and forthtir great Endowment? and ge- neroifs'livingbeen of beftrepute in England , and although the I.aw of England look upon Tradefmen and Chapmen that live by buying and 1 felling, as abafer fort of people, and that a Ward within age.nny bring hisA&ion-ef Difparagement againft his-Guardian for offering a- ny fuch in Marriage; yet in Eng¬ land as well as ltd] to become a Merchant-of Foreign Commerce, without fervi'ngany Apprentifage, hiith been allowed no difparage¬ ment to' a Gentleman born, efpecial- ly to a younger Brother. Amongft Tradefmen in the next place are Whole-fale-men , then Retailers, Mly Mechanicks or H indy-craftffnen. 7 Theft are - all' capable of bearing-fome Sway or Office in Gti&arid Towns Gorp.o. 7 he Ioweft Member, the Feet of .ithe BbdyPOlitique , are-the Day- • ' Labourers^, offlcngiatro* 47 1 Labourers, who by their large Wa¬ ges given them , ini the Cheap- nefs of all Neceflaries, enjoy bet¬ ter Dwellings, Diet, and Appa« rel in England , than the Huf- bandmen do in many otheir Coun¬ tries. Liberticsand Properties. As the Clergy and Nobility have- certain Priviledges peculiar to them- felves, fo they have Liberties and Properties common to the Commo¬ nalty of Engiandi The Commons: of England for Hereditary Fundamental Liberties and Properties are bleft above and beyond the Subjedte of:any Monarch in the World; . Firft, No, Freeman of England ought to be fo.imp.rifoned.or other- wife reftrainedjWithouc eaufe fliewn for which b.y Law he ought, to be fo itnprifoned. : Seco.ndly„. To him that .is, ampri- . foned, may not fee denied a Wric- „ %t>e patent State of Habeas Cerpw, if it be defired. Thirdly, If no caufe of Impri- fonmenc be alledged, and the fame h« returned upon an Habeas Corpus, then the Prifoner ought to be fee at liberty. Fourthly, No Soldiers can be quartered in the Houfe of any Free¬ man in time of Peace, without his will ; though they pay for their quarters. Fifthly, Every Freeman hath fuch a full and abfolute propriety in' Goods, that no Taxes, Loans, or Benevolences ordinarily and Legal¬ ly can be impofed upon them, with¬ out their own confent by their Reprefentatives in Parliament. Moreover , They have fuch an abfolute Power, that they can difpofe of all they have how they pleafe, even from their own Chil¬ dren , and to them in what ine* - quality they will; without fliewing any caufe t which other Nations governed bv the CivilLaw. cannot 47 Sixthly, NoEnglifiimanmaybc preft or compelled (unlefs bound by his Tenure) to March forth of his County) to ferve as a Soldier in. the Wars, except in cafe of a For* reign Enemy invading, or a Rebel¬ lion at home. Nor may he be fenc out of the Realm againfl his will upon any Forreign Employment by way of an honourable Bamlh- ment. , Seventhly, No Freeman can be tried but by his Peers, nor con- denned-but by the Laws of the Land , or by an A& of Parlia¬ ment. ' , Eighthly, No Freeman may be fined for any Crime, but accord¬ ing to the Merit of the Offence, alwayes falvo fibi mttmmnto fm, in fuch manner that he may continue and go on in his Cal- 1111 Briefly, If it beconfideredon'y that ordinarily they are fubjeft to no Laws but what they make them- felves, nor no Taxes but what they 474 Xt)e p?cfent &tatc impofe themfelves , and pray the King and Lords to confenc unto, their Liberties and Properties muft ' be acknowledged to be tnnfcen- dent, and their worldly condition molt happy and blefled ; and fo far above that of the Subjefts of any of our Neighbour Nations,that as all the Women of Europe would run into England (the Paradife of Women) if there were a Bridge made over the Sea: fo all the Men too, if there were but an Aft for a general Nasalization of all Aliens. • CHAP.- 475 CHAP. XX. of the mwwe/England. T ouching the Women of £«?- /W, there are divers things tonfiderable in the Englifh Laws ndCuftomSi Women in England mh all their Moveable Goods, io son as they are Married , are iholly in potefttte viri , at the ;ill and difpofition of the nul- and. If any Goods or Chattels be gi- :en to Feme Covert to a Married iVoman, they all immediately be- •ome her Husbands. She cannot let. fet, fell, giveaway, or alienate my thing, withouc her Husbands ^Htf’very Neceffary Apparel by the Law is not hers in property, n (he hath any Tenure at all, it Cqite, that is ,fhe holds it of and 47 6 Xftepjefent ^tate by her Husband, who is Caput mu- Herts •, and therefore the Law faith Vu-or fidget radix mriti. All the Chattels perfonal the Wife had at the Marriage,is fo much her Husbands, that after his death thcyfliall not return to the Wife, but go to the Executor or Admini. ftrator of the Husband, as hiso. ther Goods and Chattels, except only her Tarapkcrr.a , or prtttr dot alia , which are her Neceflary Apparel; wfiich with the confent of her Husband (be may devife by Will; not otherwife by our Law; becaufe the property and pofTeiE- on even of the Farafhema are in him. ■ The Wife can make no Contrafl without her Husbands confent, and in Law matters fiat viro rtfptnitn non pot eft. The Law of England fuppoCe: a Wife to be in fo much Subjediot and Obedience to her Husband, si to have, 'no will at all of her own Wherefote^if a Man and bis Wifi com ofCttglank 477 commit a Felony together ; the \yife by the Law can be neither principal nor Acceffary , the Law tooling that in regard of thefub- jeftion and obedience (he owes to her Husband, file was neceffitated thereunto. The Law of. England luppofes in the Husband a power over his Wife, as over his Child or Servant, to correft her when file offends.; and therefore hemult anfwer for his Wives faults, if (be wrong ano¬ ther by her Tongue or by Trefpafs, he mull make fatisfaftion. So the Law makes it as high a Crime, and allots the fame puniftv menttoa Woman that ftiall kill her Husband , as to a Woman that (hall kill her Father or Mailer, and that is Petty Treafon, and to be burnt alive. . So that a Wife in England is at jure but the beft of Servants, ha¬ ving nothing her own in a more proper fenfe than a Child hath, whom his Father fufftrs to call many things 47 8 fflje p?e£enf State tilings his own,yet can difpofe of no- thing. The Woman upon Marriage lo- fedi not onely the power over her' perfon and her will, and the pro¬ perty of her Goods, but her very Name-, forever after fheufechhet Husbands Surname, and her own is wholly laid afide ; which is not ob- ferved in France and other Coun¬ tries , where the Wife fubfcribes her fclf by her Paternal Name ; as if Su- fanna the Daughter of R. Clifford be married to E. Chamber Ujne , (he either writes her felf Snfam 'Clifford , or elf Snfanna Clifford Chamberlains Notwithftandiug all which, their condition defaUo isthebeft in the World for fuch is the good nature of Engiiflimen towards their Wives, fuch is their tendernefs and refpeft, giving them the uppermoft place at Table and elfewhere.the right hand every where, and putting them upon no drudgery and hardfhip * that if there were a Bridge over into .%- o£€ngians* 479 Ud as aforefaid.it is thought ail the Women in Europe would run thi- Befides in fome tilings the Laws 0 f£«?Ware above other Nations fo favourable to that Sex, as if the Women had voted' at the making of fif a Wife bring forth a Child du* ring her Husbands long.abfence though it be for-fome year s, yet it he lived ailthetime within this I ; Hand, he muft Father that Child •, andifthatCbild be her firft Son, he lhall inherit that Husbands Eftate it entailed, or left without WII. If a Wife bring forth a Child be¬ gotten by any other before Marri¬ age but born after Marriage with another Man , he mull own the Child, and that Childfhallbe bis Heir at Law. , . The Wife after her Husbands death, having no Jo.inture fettled before Marriage , may challenge the third part of his yearly Rents ot Lands-during her life, and within 4 so ©)cpicfcnt‘Statc the City of London a third part oi all her Husbands moveables for ever. As the Wife doth participate of her HusbandsName, fo likewife of; his Condition, if he be a Duke, (he! is a Dutchefs; if he be a Knight,(he is a Lady; if he be an Alien made a Denifon, (he is ipfo fatto fo too. If a Freeman marry a Bondwoman,ftie isalfo free during the Coverture; wherefore alfo itisfaid as before, • Vxor fulget radiis Mariti. | All Women in England are com* ■ prifed under Noble.or Ignoble. j Noble women are fo three man- , nerofwayes, zds. by Creation, by ; Defcent, and by Marriage. The King, the Fountain of Ho¬ nour,may,and oft hath created Wo¬ men to be Baronefses, Countefses, Dutchefses, &c. By Defcent fuch Women are No* j ble, to whom lands holden by fuch ! Dignity do defcend as Heir ; for Dignities and Titles of Honour for want of Males, do fometimes de¬ fcend to Females; but to one of them of CnglanD* them onely , becaufe they are things in their own nature entire, and not to be divided amongft ma¬ ny ( as the Lands and Tenements are which defcend to all the Daugh¬ ters equally -) befides by dividing Dignities,the Reputation of Honour would be loll, and the Strength of the Realm impaired; for the Honour and Chivalry of the Realm doth chiefly confift in th z Nobility there¬ of. By Marriage all Women re No¬ ble , who take to their Husbands any Baron or Peer of the Realm; but if afterwards they marry to > en not Noble, they lofe their former dignity, and follow the condition of their later Husband •, for eodem modo diffolvitur earum Nobilitas , cjno conftiniitur. {Jut Women No¬ ble by Creation, or Defcent, or Birth-righr, remain Noble, though they marry Husbands under their degree; for fuch Nobility is account¬ ed Char abler indelebilis. Here note, that by the Come fie of England a | Y Woma.i « om "" «°inet°h"ff ffi ■•sfrssrt-rii*-*! eth by * f orme r Huf* Name gotten y Dau gluer tod ;, b S,Vo'aS-i,/4- pjuX*.-- MfX - and to en *°^j j^fneftas theirHnf* ? 0 r6nWthey an n °tb V theo. tods'.Ontytny Uwyas p.mon. 0 J^Aion upon the sta- ®J^ w * f ** ’ J ndnotfortheWo- Gfeat s the words of that Statute men, settle w” ... , w if e if any feem to import. wlt hin his SHEfe' of€nglatt&* 483 were not Felony, as it is, ifJike Con- fpiracybe again!! a Nobleman. None of che Wives Dignities can come by 'Marriage to their Huf- bands, although all their Goods and Chattels do; onely the Wives Dig- ni'Us with her Lands are to defcend to her next Heir: yet is the Cour- tefic of England fucn, that as the Wife for her Dower hath the third part of her Husbands Lands during her life; fo the Husband for the Dignity of his Sex, and for getting his Wife with Child, (which mnfc appear by being born alive) fhall hive all his Wives Lands (for his Dower, if it maybe fo called) du¬ ring his Life. By the Conftitutions of England married perfons are fo fall joyned, that they may not be wholly fepa- rated by any agreement between themfelves, but only by Sentence of the Judge, and fuchreparation is either a Vinculo Matrimonii, and that is ob pra-contraEtam, veleb con- trattm per mftumifeftm, vel cb Y 2 frb ,g 4 pjefent&tate fMatem, vtl ob Affinitatm, five Conf^wnhatem, vtl ob Stv.tkm-, or elfeTuch reparation is a Men !a & •Thoro , and that is ob Jdti ’tcrim. The Wife in England is account, ed fo much one with her Husband, that Ihe cannot be produced as a Witnefs tor or againft her Hut- band. CHAP. XXI. * of Children. Condition of Children in 1 England is different from thole in our Neighbour Countries. As Husbands have a more abfo- lute Authority over their Wives and. their Eftates.fo Fathers have a more abfolute Authority over their Chil¬ dren. Fathers may-give all their Eftates un-intailed from their own Children, and all to any one Child, and none to the reft j the co opera¬ tion of engiano* 4S5 lion whereof keeps the Children in great awe. Children by the Common Law of England are at certain ages enabled to perform certain 1 Ads. A Son at the Age of 14 may choofe his Guardian, may claim his Lands holden in Socage , may con- fent to Marriage, may by Will dif- pofe of Goods and Chattels; At the Age of 15 he ought to be fworn to his Alliance to th» At 21 he' s ^ be of full Age, may then make any Contrads, may pafs not only Goods but Lahds by Will, which in other Countries may not be done till the Annas confijhn- tU the Age of 25. when the heat of youth is fomewhat abated, and they begin to be ftaied in mind as well as- ADaughter atyyears istohave aid of her Fathers Tenants to marry her, for at thofe yearsfhe may con- fent to Marriage , though (he may afterwards diffent, Y 3 Ac ,86 %l)t patent State At 9 (he is Dowable, as if then,or foon after (he could virum fnjtmrc, and thereby Botcw fnmeren. At 12 (he isenabled to ratine and confirm her former confent given to Matrimony, and if at that Age the diffent not, {he is bound for ever; {he may then make a Will of Goods and Chattels. . At .14 fhe might receive her Lands into her own hands, and w;s rhen out of Wardfliip, if ^e was 14 at the death of her An.celtor. At 16 (though atthe death of her Anceftor (he was under 14) fhe was to be out of Wardship; bec^ufe then {he might take a Husband who might be able to perform Kmghts- lervice. a At 21 fhe is enabled to contract or alienate her Lands by Will or 0- The Eldeft Son inherits all Lands, and to the Younger Children are difpofed Goods and Chattels, and commonly the Eideft Sons Wives Portion, and befides they are care- ’ fully ofCngians. #7 fully educated in fomeProfeflion or Tr if there be no Son, the Lands as well as Goods are equally divided, amongft the Daughters. . GH1TP7'"XXII. of Serves. ^T'He Condition of Servants in S Enclar.dis much more favour¬ able than it was in .our Ancto dives, when it was fobad, that of Servants, asitwasandsftilthe Paradife of Wives, andtheHellfoc ^Ordinary Servants are hired com¬ monly for on6 year , at the end whereof they may be free (giving warning 3 Moneths before) and themfelves with other Mailers; onely it b accounted dil- courteous and urfriendiy to taae 488 %l)e pwfcnt jfctatc another Mans Servant, before leave qiven by his former Mailer; and in- chfcreet to take a Servant without ' Certificateof his diligence, and of his faithfuinefs in his Service to his former Matter. _ All Servants are fubject to be correfted by their Mailers and Mi¬ ll re lie s , and refillance in a Servant is punifht with fevere penalty ^ but for a Servant totake away the life of his or her Mailer or Miflrefs, is accounted a Crime nest, to High- Treafon, and called Petty Treafon, and hath a peculiar Punilhmeht Ca¬ pital. , ■ , , Foreign Slaves in: Engl and are none,finceChri(lianity prevailed. A Foreign Slave brought into £»£* land, is upon landing ipfofdh free from Slavery ,but not from ordinary fervice. - , , Some Lands in Engird are hoi- den in Vitttautgt , to do fome parti¬ cular Services to the Lord of the Mnnnor, and fuch Tenants may be called the Lords Servants. ■ There BfCttssans. 489 There is a Twofold Tenure called Villanage , one where the Tenure onely is fervile, as co plow the Lords ground, fow,reap, and bring home his Corn , dung his Land.tf'e. the other whereby both perfon and Tenure is fervile, and bound in all refpefts at the difpofict- on of the Lord, fuch Perfons are called in Law pure Villains, and are to do all Villanous Services to im¬ prove the Land he holds to t e Lords ufe, themfelves to be wholly at the Lords Service, and whatever they get is for theirLord; of fuch there are now but few left in Eng¬ land. The neareft to this condition are Apprentices (that fignifies Lear mrs) a fort of Servants that carry the Marks of pure Villains or Bond- fiaves (as before in the Chapter of Gentry is intimated,) differing how¬ ever in this, that Apprentices are Slaves only for a time and by Cove-_ ■ nant ^ the other are fo at the will of their- Matters. 4?o %i)c pjeCent State CHAP. XXIII. Of the ROYAL SOCIETY. H Aving in this fmall Treacife had occalion to make known to the World by Name our Princes, prelate?. Nobles, Great Officers of State, Privy Counfellours, Principal Courtiers, our Judges, Serjeants at Law, Civilians, &c. all now living, it will not be altogether impertinent to add hereunto not only the Names of all thofe worthy Gover- nours and eminent Profeflors in our two famous Univerfities , but alfo all thofe who of late have lifted themfelves for promoting that ad. mirably ingenious defign for bet- ' tering the condition of humane life by a vigorous Advancement of Re¬ al Knowledge, and a fpeedy Im- provement of Arts and Sciences: of whole Beginning, Progrefs, and many e?ettgianDi 49 1 many very ufefulDifcoveries alrea¬ dy made lee that excellent Htftory written by Dr. Jptf, face the pub- lifting whereof divers other profi¬ table and ingenious inventions; have alfo been produced by feme of that Society, and will be made publickm A List of the ROYAL society i» Alphabetical Order. H is Sacred Majefty Kin §' ' Charles theSecond, Founder and Patron. u ^ . c His Royal Highnefs Duke of HisHighnefs prince Rupert , Count Palatine of the Rime; a His Highnefs' Ferdm»d AJbeu Duke of Bw[wUk*ti& RobertfadoUleshrj. ArchibMEiAot Argjlc. ImesZidoiAngltfij. lames Lord JmjUj. William Aglwh M - D - lames Aldtm M. A. Thomas AllmU. D. Mas Apmok Efquire. Sir Robert Atkins Knight. Monfieur Adrian Aiszout. John Aubrey Efquire. George Duke of Buckingham. William Lord Vicount Brotmken „ William Lord Brmton. Sir John Banks Knight and Baronet. Nicholas Bagnal Efquire. Thomas Ba'msIA D. William Balls Efquire. Ictcr Balk M.D. Jfaac Barrow B. D. Balph Bathurst D. D, fohn Beal D. D. ofCngiank 49 fibres deFrefars. V.onfieur Thcodore de Berir.gtcn. Sir Charles Berkley Knight of the Bath. Sir John Bcrkenhcad Knight. - Robert Boyle Efquire. John 5roo^.Efquirc. Edward Brown M. D. David BruceU.D. Monfieur Ifmael Btillialdus. Mr Gilbert Burnet. Sir Edward Byjie Knight. C. Gilbert L Archbilhop of Canterbury. Edward Earl of Clarendon. Charles Earl of Carlifle. John Earl of Crafford and Linde fa). John Lord Bifliopof Chefter. William Lord Cavendifh. Charles Lord Clifford. Mr. fames Carkeffe. ; . Dr. GcorgeCafile D. D, Sir PhilipCartcret. Edward Chamberlayn L.L.D. Sir tyinflon Churchill Ylriight. Henry Clerk.U.D. J Timothl 494 Xije pwftstt State Timothy Cler^U. D. Sir JohnClayton Knight. Sir Clifford Clifton Knight. (?«»£« CV^Efquire. Collonel Thomas Collepepjr. Mr. John Collins. John Colwal Efquire. Daniel Colwal Efquire. Sir Richard Cor bet Knight.' EdwardCottonD.D. A:D. of Corn. Peter Courtojfe Efquire. Thomas Cox M. D. Thomas Cox Efquire. Daniel Cox Efquire. John Creed Efquire. Thomas Crifpe Efquire. William Croon M. D. Sir william Curtins Knight.and Bar. Sir John Cutler Knight and Baronet.- Henry Marquis dBor'chefler. William Earl 'of Devonlbire. Edward Earl o{ Dorfet. Monfieur Vital ieDamat.- JohnDownsM. % Of' ranTflumu 495 E. Benjamin Lord Bifliop of Ely. Andrew Ellife Efquire. Sir George Bnt Knight. John Evelyn Efquire. F. Mamcel.Vifc. Fitz-harding. Sir Francis Fane Kt of the Bath. Monfieur leFtbme. Sir John Finch Knighr. Henry Ford Efquire. G. Sir BernardGafcon Knight. JofephGlanvileB.D . Francis Glijfon M. D. Jonathan Goddard M. D. Sir william Godolphin Knight. Captain JohnGraunt. Mr. James Gregory. a Henry Lord Howard of Norfolk^ Chriftopher Lord Hatten. Theodore HaakE^m. - - William ^6 %l)( p}tfmt $>Me William Hammond Efquire. William Harrington Efquire. Sir Erafmus Harby Baronet. Sir Edward Harley Kt of the Bath. Sir Robert Harley Knight. T homas Harley Efquire, james Hayes Efquire. Nathaniel Henfljaw M- D. Thomas Htnfhaw Efquire. fahnHevelitts Conful of Dantz. Abraham Hill Efquire. fames Hoar Efquire. William Holder D. D. Robert Hook M, A. John Hoskins Efquire. Anthony Hofneck M. A. Charles Hot ham Efquire. C harles H oWard of Norfolk. Edward Howard of Norfolk William le Hunt Efquire. Monfieur Chriflia» Huygens de Za- Uchem. J. Richard fonts Efquire. /7/fWerEarlo.f Kincardia. EdnmndkitigM.'P- ■ L. loiert Earl of iWfr Lord Great Chamberlain. , li tmWlJ-tMiM r -■ T/;aw4;L^Efq, uire -; , " ' Sir Ellif t Uiihton^gh:. Monfieuv Z.rj«r&«2 Rcfid. olSwd. l.hnUcW quire. ]- %[ c ph mllutnitonTLi^M^ Thomas Willis M. D. _ ' ■ Willoughby Efquire. William Winds Efqtnre. Thn Winthre? Efquire. ‘Samuel Woodford Efquire. Benjamin WoodroiffeU, A. Thn Wray M- A. Efquire- Chriflofher Wren L. L. D. Thomas Wren M.D. Sir Cyril Wychc Knight. S\t Peter Wjche Knight. Ednrnd Wjlde Efquire. Y. Richard L. A. B.of York: p^#Lord Yefter. A A Lift ofthe Prejent COUN¬ CIL of the ROYAL SOCIETY in Atyht- betical Order. W illiam t. Vifcount Brotmker president. Robert Earl of Jle'shry. Peter Ball U.D. William Lord BrereM. John Lord Bilhop of Chefter. Daniel Colwall Efquire Treafurer. John Creed Efquire. Jonathan Goddard M. D. Henry Lord Horoard of Norfolk Charles Howard of Norfolk • Thomas Henjbdtr Efquire,Secretary. John Hoskins Efquire. EdmundKinoM. D. John Lcr^Efquirc. • •Of-cnswtto* Robert Moray Knight* Sit Paul Neil Knight. Henry Oldenburg Efquire- Seth Lord Biffiop ot Sdisbar]. t® 5 £*W Chrijlqhcr WrcnliUD-. By the foregoing Lift the Reader may perceive how many perfons ef different Degrees, Religions, Coun¬ treys, Profeffions, Trades, and For- _ nnirpd and confpircd treys, profeffions,Trades, ana m tunes, have united a . nd to lay afide all Names of diflmaion, amicably to promote experimental le all Names of diflinaion, ucabiy to promote experimental AS^/HouferbytheBoun- of the Right Honourable the ,rd Be»rj Howard oMcrfolk^t Tent the flace ot their meeting S,u every C Clock in theafternoon. At Gnlbm Colledge (m the Cu ,i;ofiha t n,olU 06 ««««- «r and indefatigable 504 patent &tate i mencer Mr. Robert Hook, is theid Rcpofitorj , the free and bountiful gift of Daniel Coital Efquire, the prefenc Treafurer of'the faid Socie¬ ty, wherein are to'be ften many thoufands of great Rarities, fetcht (forae of them} front the farthed corners of the habitable World, as Beads, • Birds, Fifties, Serpents, Flyes,., Shells,, Feathers, .Seeds, Mi¬ nerals, Earths}'Tome things petri¬ fied , others oftified, Mummies, Gummes, cf-r. divers of which have been fince added by Other worthy Members of that Society, and by o- ther ingenious perfons,and ina ifhort time isliketo be (if not already jone of the largeft and mod curious Col- leftions of the Works of Nature in the World;, ‘ Touching their Library ( the no- -blegiftof the fore-meriti'oned Lord ' H. ’ko'frard) their Laboratories,in- tended eo!Iedge?^c. account fhall be given elfewhere. ■ The The Names and Titles of the Govcrnom of the feveral Colleges and Nalls in Oxon, D Oftor Fell Dean of Chrifi- C hutch. Dr. Pime Prefident of Magdalen- ' Colledge. Dr. Woodward Warden of WeW- Colledge. He.James. Warden 0 1.All-Souls- Sir Tho. Clajton Warden of Merton. D r-Newlin Prefident of Corp.Chrifii. Dr. Barlow Provoft of Queens. Dr. Afety Prefident of St. Johns. Dr. BatburfiVreRdenLbiTrbiity. ‘ Qr.TarcsVmdpif’oF'Bra/enNofe. ' Dr. ^ Provoft of Oriel: Dr Iron fide Warden of Wadbam * Dr. Crew Redlor of Lincoln. )r. Clayton Mailer of Vniverfity.- Cojk'dge .- 1 , : v '• - y.'Beri-) Re&brpf Exeter.' , • )r. Savage Mailer ofBdfibl. )r. Jenkins' Principal of Jefus, ' ’ Jr. Halt Mr of Pembrook. Z. Dr, %p p^Cettt bisSfitZ pr. EamVdnc-oiG oc'pr -Hj - li.Cm*r Princ.ofSt.^Hall. Vt.LMfbin Peine- oiHart^. The mma of the Prohors «*d Lettitrcrs *» Oxon. £j .Pr./,jr.rTW.^Dr.M- pnl.Tha\ Vmin* M*r£™ u > ^sks» v r *l.A$rm.Vt. Wren. n..w Dr.Wallis. ofenglanfc $ 07 A Catalogue of the Maflcrs of all the Colkiges and Halls in tkeUniverfity ^/Cambridge. S T Peters Co\\. Dr. Beantont D.D. Clare Hall,Dr .Dillingham,D.D. Pf»?£w^Hall,Dr. Mapletoft, D-D. Corpus Chrifii Colledg t,alias Barnet Colledge,Dr. Spencer D- D. TnWrj.Hall Dr. King.Dc. in Law. Convile & Cains CoY. Dr. Bradaj, Doftor in Phyfick. /O'wrColledge Dr. FleetVeood,D-D. and Provoft of the Laid Colledge. jiW/Colledge,Dr. wells,D.D. SOCatherins \{i\\,Di.Lightfoot,DD. fefm Colledge,Dr. Balden, D.D . drift's Coll. Dr. Cndworth, D.D. St- UnsOsW.De.,Turner, D.D. Magdalen Coll. Dr. Dereport,D.D • Trinity Coll. Dr. Pearftn, D.D. Emanuel CoIKDr. Britton , D. D. Sujfex and Sidney QoW.DtMinJba!, 7k N.inia of tk Puhlick Pro » fijfors in tk linker fit) of Cambridge. D Oflorfe%,the Kings Pro- fefhr in Divinity. Dr. rierfw, the Lady JUgm’s ProfclTor in Divinity, Dr. C.l.vrft , Profeffov in the Civil Law. Y><:. Clift n , Proftfloi' inPhyfick, Dr. v/itbiringm Vublick Orator. Mr. BarnW' the Mathetrwick Pro- feffor. Dr .Cudrocrtb the Hebrew ProfclTor, Mr. Cnitor, the Greek ProfclTor. D;. Cafid Arabick Profeffor. F I N I s; ■/cno&