^ ■ -Calumbia mtbeCttpofl^tupork LIBRARY THE SELIGMAN LIBRARY OF ECONOMICS PURCHASED BY THE UNIVERSITY To the Right Hoflourable CHARLES Eaii of Citlijle, Vicount Howard of Morpeth, Baron Vucre of Gilfland, Lord Lieutenant in the Counties of Cnmber- land and Wefimcrland, One of the Lords of His Majeftks Moft Honorable Privy Council, heretofore Lord Amball'ador Extraordinary to Three of the Northern Soveraign Princes, and late Ambaflfador Exti-aordinary to the High and'Mighty Priftce CHA(REES' the Eleventh of that Name, King of Swedeland. My Lord, vejrj Ho^ nor able Emfloj^ '^^^ments abroad ^ (^vphereof His Maje/lj hath judged jour £x- ceUencj wrthy , nop onely for jour mojl ^o^ The Epiftle lie ExtraBm and minentVtgree, bm dfo for jour excellent En^ dowments, both InteU leBual and Moral) have rendrei jou abundant^ ly able to urrderjland throughly the Prefent State 0/ divers Foreign Cmntrgs ffo that high .T)ignitj meremth the l^ng hath been f leafed to honour JOU. at home^ fly flacing jou as one cf Hu mfi faithful and , Dedicatory. vigilant Centinels in the liighe^Watch-Tomer of Hii chief Kingdom,VIZ. U that Hohle, Honoti- rjfhikttdKeverend jemhij of Trivy-Com- fellors'y hath made you, very caf Me of giving a large md Judicious ac' count of the Prefent State of this Station, mthout any the leaf afsifance from this Ireatife -.yet hecauje your Excellency hath intimated fomeap- 'frdhation of the Defgn, and lately omed the Ve^ figner for your Servant ^ Belts encouraged to pre^ fent the fame to yow Ex^ cellency; imploring your Patronage thereof^ and the continuance of your Favour and afsifiance towrds the lU^ future endeavors of My Lord, ,Your Excellencies molt humbly devoted Servant Edrv, ChmherlApei reader; N this Tmall Trea- tifc the Reader imy not reafonably cx- pe£i: to have his fafifie much delighted, _(Prninrssip[xvegiti contcntx doceri,^ ' but oncly tohave his under- Uandinp ir.formed^and there¬ fore the Author hath indiifiri- oufly avoided all ciirious Flowers of Khetorkh^ , and made it his whole bufinefs to feed his BLeader with abun- Fruits, , •. / _ , Here are interfperfe^^irome obferviatioiis,^ tiiQi^gh alreacjy ^l^nQwn to^ tnar^y jjstmay J^c unr known to inoft grangers and Foreigners , fp^ the in¬ formation of ’ tMs BooJ^is fe^ndarily , and for that: 'end is lately trariflated into the^ trenclk Fonme^ and Pfinth^ fleraam^'ind^t far^\ , by may be extmguiiliel^^ fome meafure, tk which Foreigners ^ igeneblljy, have £0 kno\y^ ;the Sf^e of this confiderable, Monmhy, : ' * ■ '- '' Ah To the^aikr. Although the main aim is to inform the World of the Prcje?it StJtc of this King¬ dom vet divers KejleSiions are made upon the State thereof; that fo by coirf- paring that with the Prefent, fome worthy perfons may thereby not onely be moved to endeavor the Kefranrativf: of what was hcretotore bec» ter, and the abolition of what is now wori’e ; biitalfoin fome meafiire may torefee without conkilting our A~ firologirt^Agocalyftic\Mcn^ what will be die Enture Stat& of this, Klatien : According to that excellent laying, Qh^‘ rejpcit ^fieterita ^ infpieiti TothelR.eitieK profpicit etkm futura. A good Hiftorian by muning hack^. to Ages paB , mAhy jiaiidmgjijll and*uietp* ing the prefent times , and comparing the -one with the other^ may then rtm forward,, and give a VcrdiB of the St ah almoB f rophetick^ ' In the many RefleBions upon the Ancient State of 'England , frequent ufe is made of divers grave Am thors^as of Glanvile,^ BraBon\ Britton^ of Horn in his Mir¬ ror of JuBice j Fleta , For- iefcne,^ Lin wood Stamford,^ SmithCofms,^ Camden,^ Coo\^ Spdman:^ Selden^ ^c. And for the Frefent State Com fultation 7QtbeM(M€fk fakation was had with feyes ral eminently learned ®eri fonages yet living, .tospll times: So oije might without ttptobk,. alv^ays carry it about witl^i hip^^s %, Companion tocon-^ fulfiupon all ppcafious. : ., \ j^Bor cpmf^eating this/ St^HJte ., .Jyi^teri«ys ,4 vyere'i ^ To tbe^Rfaderl the par|i§iilafGovf rp^nt of England^ EcclefiaBical,Civil, and Military : Of all the Cburts of Juftke «o£ all cheif Offices beloj^lri^fb thefe Courts; of thfe of London'^ of the Two niverfities ^ of the Inns of Court and Chancery, Colledge of phyfitians, of the Royal Society, &c. which is now publiljje&i^ ireatife -i' : /THIE The Table. a; A Bfence of tbe%ingi Admiral, Advent Sunday, Ayre of England, Ajiparel, Apprentices. . Arcb-iiiliop, Arcb-DeaconS, Arms of England} 0 / the ^eent h! B Aronets, Borons, Bijhops, Suffragan BiJJ}ops, Buggery, Buildings of England, III 66l 4 58 314 311 34i 74 ? 3 « 46 C. C A dots, , Canterbury Arcl'-Bifhcf, Kings Chappelj Cbaplains, lie 1^8 i8($ Lori The Table. twi ttigb Chumitrldn d/ England, ^ 5 ? Loti ChdUcelUitty 148 Children, Civilians, 1518 Civil Government of the Viui^s Court , 168 13I Clergy, ' ‘ - Climate (f England, z Cler{ of the Mar\et, jpi Coferer, Commodities of Baglsuiii _ 170 ' " (S The Commons of England, /jaa Computation Comptroller, 170 Cord High Conflalle, if 4 Trivy-Counfellour, The Counting-Houfe, ip6 l’309 3*0 310 3*0 L Anguage of Eng], 5j Larceny Vet it, Lam, 2j Liberty of the SuhjeHsi 3 \ y Manners The Table- M. M Annen of the Englijhi Marquejfetf EarlMarJhdi tidy Mary, Mafier cf the Ceremniesl Mr. of the Houjboldi Mr. of Requejis . Merchms, Minority, Monmhies', Money, N, N Ame 0 /England, OfKing, Of Queen, Of the prefent l^ing. Names and Surnames, Nobility, Their Friviledges^ Non-Confomifls, Number of Inhabitants^ Numbering the Englijb MdHner» Oi '39 ^77 154 2^0 igft 170 Z0£> 3 »» iin: 69 7» XK 60 VJ$ s,St 3> 54 : G Reat Offcers ef the Cfom, Ji'tf Office of liingfj 88, SItipge Prince, ^ ijSj Papifis; TheTatte. • T. “ ■■ ■ ' : i;8 J, Pi'itrimonj! of the T^kg. 79 prjury, a ]perfon of the'Ktng». Tovpcr of the 89 'Peyfoning, ' 46 PpMafiers, •I 9 1 T/fsbyteriiins, Trerogative of the l^kg, 89 Pf the Queen^ ' 'trincesof the Bloody 114 13^ Priviledges of Bijbop, 14 ? Privy Sedi 149 punijhmenti ■ ■ 48 • Ueen of England, 154 Confort, ■130 X 33 Xhe prefen Queen of England, -I JO j§jierries3 ■ R.- ■ Ecrentiont of England, Ja Religion,!*/. England j ?p 4 ? PefpeSi to the ^ing, . I109 ■Royal Society, ” ' ' 335 Revenue of the Qneni Rupert Prince, 14? Seereta- s. C^Ecretaries of Smct '' - ^ Sergeants at ArmSi < ■ ■ • Sergeants at taufy ipi Servants, jjl Shop-Iieepers, 310 , 33^ 5’onj4«iPiZagfctcrx of *Ettglana," ‘ ia5 S’ovcfazgHtj'j . ' , ‘ ^ The Three States of Ea^hecad, ' , ,a3i Stubbing, ^jS Statute of EnglijJ}, 55 Steward of England, 145 Strength of England, 8^ Subjells Libertyi 314 Succejfion, no Supremacy, T. T EmperofEn^. Title of the Ejng o/England, 75 tradefmeni 3 lo Treafon, 48 Treafurer of Enghni, lyo Treafurer of the icings Wufe, 1 , See. V ices; Vicounts, "iUanage, 45,45 390 33» ThcTablft iW,' W Arinheti Wives, Wment yj He rears beginnitg, 1 teemerii York, Arch~Bifiep, York Bu\ehU Ceurti i>mbe[shrCmh fi>o 3‘J xb. 66 ,24? THE ENGLAND in GeneraL V: CHAP, L of its Name , Climate , Dimeyifotts, JDivifion^ Air, Soil, Commodities ^ Motleys , iVeightSy Meafures and Buildings, ■ -' E Ngland, the better part of the Name^ beHlJland in the whole World , anciently with Scotland called Britain, and fometimes Albi¬ on; was about 800 years after th^^rmtion cf Cbrift ( by fpecial Etuff'of King Egbert dcfcended from the Angles 5 a people of the lower Saxony, in whofe poffeffion the greateft part of this Countrey then was) named Angle or Engle- londytheact by the French called Angleter- re, by the Germans EngeUnd) and by the JnkAbitms England. B It 2 p^^fent State Clmate. fituated between the Degrees ly and ’ 2z of Longitude, equal vvith Britan) and Normndy in Funce, and between 50 and 57 of Northern Latitude, equal with Flan~ ' ders, Zealand, Holland, Lower Saxony, Mi Dcnnarli. ■ The longeft day in the moft Northern part is 17 hours 30 minutes, and the fhorteft day in the moft Southern parts is aJinofl 8 hours long. D'mcn- length 38^ miles, in breadth iy of €nglanb. vi^- the Avch-biftioprick of Londort j that contained Btiunnu Printa the Arch-bi- flioprick of Torf[, which contained that part called Maxima Cxfarienfis ; and thfe Arch-bilhoprick of Caerleon, an antient great City of South-Waks upon the Ri¬ ver under which was Britannia 'Se- eunda. Afterward the Heathen Saxsnt over-running this Country, and dividing it into Seven Kingdoms, the King of Rent being fitft Converted to the Chriftian Faith by Sr. Aiifiin, who lived and was buried at Canterbury , the Atchiepifcopal See of London was there placed, and the other of Caerlcon was tranflated to St. Bavids in Penbrooli~Jhire j and at laft fubjefted to the See of Canterbury; the North part of England and all Scotland was put un¬ der the Arch-bilhop of Torfi, and all "Englayid divided into Diocefes, and in the year 630 it was for better Order and Government diftinguiiht into Panfties by the care and pains of Honorim Arch-bi¬ lhop of Canterbury: almoft i®o years be¬ fore it was divided into Countries or Shires by King Alfred : by whom alfo thofe Shires (fo called from the Saxon word Scyre a Partition or Divifion ) were fub- divided into Hundreds, which at firft contained ten Tytbings ^ and eachTything ten Families. At prefent, England, according toitsEc- clefiafiical Government, is divided firft into 2 Provinces or Arch-bi(hopricks, vi\. Can^ terbtiry and Tor^ i thele 2 Provinces into 25 Diocefes, which are again divided inter B 2 ^oArch- 4; COe piefe^tt State 6o Arch deaconries, and thofe into Rural Deaneries, and thofe again into Parifties. According to the Temporal Govern¬ ment of England, it is divided into jz Countries or Shires, and thofe into Hun¬ dreds, Laths, Rapes, or Wapentakes (as they are called in fome Counties) and thole again intoTythings. England without Wales is divided into 6 Circuits, allotted to the 1 1 Judges to hold Afsizes twice a year (whereo! more in a Trea- tife apart.^ It is alfo divided by the Kings Juflices in Ejre of the Foreli, and by the Kings at Arms into North and South j that is, all Counties upon the North and South fide of Trent. There are in all England a? Cities, 641 great Towns, called Market Towns, and 9715 Parili)es •, under fome of which are contained feveral Hamlets or Villages as big as ordinary Parilhes, tempe¬ rate (if not more healthy ) than any part of the eminent under the fame eVi- mte. By reafon of the warm vapours of the Sea on every fide , and the very often Winds from the huge Weftern fea , the C«ld in jVinter is lefs (harp than in fome parts of Eunce and Italyy though more Sou¬ thern. By reafon of the continual Wafts fronjSea, the Heat in Summer isMs fcorching than in fome parts of the Continent ; that lies more - Northward. As of €nglanD* S As in Summer the gentle Winis and fre¬ quent Sbowres qualifie all violent Heats and Drought!, fo in Jf^intcr the Frofis do only meliorate the cultivated Soyle, and. the Snort keep warm the tender Plants. In a word, here is no need of Stoves in Winter, nor Grottes in Summer. It is blefled with a very fertile whole- feme Soyle , watered abundantly with “ •' Springs and Streams, and in divers parts with great Navigable Rivers', few barren Mountains or craggy Roclis, but generally gentle pleafant Hills, and fruitful Val¬ leys, apt for Grain, Grafs, or Wood. The Excellency of the Englifh Soyle may be learnt ( as Varro advifed o( old) from the Complexion of the Inhabitants , who therein excell all other Nations; or elfe from the high value put upon it by the Romans and the Saxons, who lookt upon it as fuch a precious fpot of ground , that they thought it worthy to be fenced in like a Garden-Plot with a mighty Wall of fourfeore miles in length, vi<(. from Tin- mouth on the Germin-Sea, to Solrvey-Prith on the Irijh Sea (whereby the Caledonian Bores might be excluded ) and with a monftrous of fourfeore and ten miles from the Mouth of the River }Vy to that of the River Pee (whereby the Cam- bro-Britan-Foxes might be kept out ) Laftly, the Excellency of her Soyle may al- fo be learnt from thofe tranfeendent Elogies bellowed on her by Antient and Modern Writers , calling England the Granary. . of S t;f)e p^efent ©ta'te cf the- Webern World:, the Seat tf Ce¬ res, &c. That her Valleys ^re like Eden » her Hills like Lebanon^ her Springs as Pif- gih, and her Rivers as Jordan. That {he is a Paradife of Pleafure , and the Garden of God. 0 fortimm omnihu terris beatior BritAnnk, tc omnibus mi ac foli diuvit Natun, tibi nihil ineji quod vita ofendat j tibi nihil deefl quod vita dcfideret, ita ut alter orbis extra or- bem poniai delicias hurnani generis videa- ti>. O happy and blefled Britain, above all othef Countries in the World, NdtHrff hath enrkht thee with all the bleffings of Heaven and Earth ; Nothing in thee is hunful to Mankind , nothing wanting in thee that is defirable , in lo much that thou feemefl: another World placed be- fides, or v/itheut the great World, meer- ly for the delight and pleafure of Man¬ kind. As it is divided from the reft of the Commo- World, fo by reafon of its great abuii- ^itles, dance of all things ncceflary for the life of Man, it may without the contribution of any other part of the World, more eafily fub- ftft than any of it* neighbouring Coun¬ tries. Terra fuis contenta bonis, non indiga nereis. . Firft/or whplefomefubftantial Food,what plenty every where of Sheep, Oxen, Swine , Fallow Veer, Coneys, and Hares? It wants not Red Peer , Goats , nor Roes. What 7 . of ^nglanti* Whit abundince of Hcnj, Geefe , Turkeys, Pigeora, and Larlis ? Oi Par¬ tridge, Phefi)ns,Ploven, Tedes, Thrujhcs^ Merles, Field-Fures,OwJles,ot Blacli-birds'^ Wild-duchj, Wlld-Geefe, Smns,PeacocliS ;, Snipes, ladles, Woadcochj, Lipmngs-, It wants not Sandlings, l^not,Curlew, Bayning, Dotterel, Roe, Chur, Pvujf, Maychit, Stint, SCii-Plover, Pewits, Redfinn\s, Rxyles, and Wheat-ears ■, Herons, Cranes, Bitters, Bu- Jlards,Pii§in,Godwits, Heath Cocl^s, More- Poutes,or Groufe-Thrufies, and Tbrofiles_: What plenty of Salmon, Trouts, Lampernes, Gudgeons, Carps, Tench, Lampreys, PHies, Perches, Eeles, Bremes, Roch, Dace,CrefiJlj, Flounders, Plaice, shads. Mullets i What great abundance of Herrings, Whitings, Ma\erel, Soles, Smelts, Pilchards, Sprats, Cyflers, Lohflers,Crabs, Shrimps, Tbornbacli, &c. It wants not Prawncs, Ruffes, Mujcles Codes, Conger, Turbots, Cod, Scate, Mades„ Efcalops, &c. What great plenty of Ap¬ ples, (Pears, Plums, and Cherries? How doth England abound with VTheat, Barly , Rye, Pulfe, Beans, and 0 where fuch Trance-Timber , as they call it 5 or Iron to. make ferviceable and durable Guns. For jFar, {or Coach, for Highway, and Hunting, no where fuch plenty of Hor/erj aifofor Plough, Cart, and Carriages: in fo much as Mule,s and AJj'es, fo generally made ule of in France, Italy, and Spain, are utterly defpifed in England. For Bogs of all forts, lizes and ufes, as Maflijfs, Greyhounds, Spaniels for Land and ]Vatcr,Hounds for Stag, Buck, Fox, Hare , ini Otter ■ Terriers, Tumblers, Lurchers, Setting-Bogs, Curs, Little Lap.-Bogs , &c. Moreover , England produceth, belTdes a: mighty quantity of rinne. Lead and forae Brafs and Coppero/s, much Alome , Salt, Hops, Saffron, Liquoris,Hony, Wax, Tallowj Cony-Furrs, Sulupeter, lTood,nni B y divers JO t:6e pieCent ®tate divers other beneficial Commodities; It wants not Mines of Silver yielding more in their fmali quantities of Ore, and fo, richer than thofe of Eotofi in the Weft-Indies, whence the ming of Spun hathmoft of his Silver ; thofe yielding ufually but one Ounce and a half of Silver in one hundred Ounces of Ore; whereas thefe in wnlesiCorn- wtlj Lunajhire, and the Bijhopricli of Pur- Hn, yield ordinarily 6 or 8 Ounces per Cent, but thefe lyingdeep, are hard to come unto, and workmen dear, which isotherwife jnPeioji, ft wants not Hot Baths, and abounds in Medicinal Springs. Vineyards have been heretofore common in moft of the Southern and Middle parts of 'England, and SiH^s might be here produced, as it v/as once delTgned by King^ames; but a great part of the Natives prone to Navigati¬ on, fiipplying England at a very cheap rate with all forts of Wines, Sillis, and all other Fon cign Commodities ( according to that of an antient Poet j Siujcq^uid anatluxm, quicquid. dcfiderat nfus. Ex te provenict vel aliunde tihi.) It hath been found far better Husbandry to employ Engliih ground rather for producing Wooll, Corn and Cattel, for which it is molt proper. In a word, though fome Countries excel England in fome things, yetingene- ral,there is no one Country under Heaven whole Aire is better ftored with B/rdr and F orols‘y Seas, Rivers and Fonis with Fijhes ; 'Eje/jy with all forts of Corn, the Pafturcs of CngTanD^f u with Citttel, the Forrefis, ? poPf«.W. Ten. might I | 24 Grains. jj \ Grain j 2 \ 20 Mites. H Mite >•-24 Droites. j Droite I j 20 Peritf. iPerit J [24 Blanks; The proportion of Gold to Silver in Eng- and, is as I to 14 and about I, that is to fay, one Ounce of Gold is worth in lilver 14. Ounces, and about f or 3 /. 14 s. ^ d. of En_ glilh Money. That the Englilh Coin may want neither the purity nor the weight required, it was moife ^ tS € 6 e Pietent State moft wifely aud carefully provided, that once every year the Chief Officers of the Afwflhould appear before the Lordr of the Council in the j’wc chamber at Wefiminftcr » with fome Pieces of all forts of Moneys coi¬ ned the foregoing year; taken at adventure out of the Minti and kept under feveral locks by feveral perfons till that appear¬ ance , and then by a ^ury of 24 able Gold- fmiths in the prelence of the faid Lords, every Piece is moft exaftly aflayed and weighed. Since the happy Reftauration of His Majefty now reigning, the coining or ftamp- ing of Money by 'Hammers hath been laid afide, and all ftampt by a Mill or Screw; whereby it is come to pafs, that our Coins for neatnefs,, gncefulncfs, and fecurity from counterfeiting, do furpafs all the moft exr celient Coins, not only of the Romans, but of all the Modern Nations in the World. ztr'aht VQtWeights3iaiMeifuressx.^xt[trA ufed Weigms England, there are very many excellent Statutes and Ordinances, and abundance of* MeA‘ care taken by our Anceftors to prevent all cheating and deceit therein. ■' By the 27th Chapter of Magna charta the Weights and Meafures ought to be the fame over all England, and thole to be according to the lyings Standards of Freights and Meafures kept in the Exchequer by a fpecial Officer of His Houfe, called the Clerli or Comptroler of the Market. Of Weights there are two forts ufed at prefent throughout all England, vix.- Troy FFeigkfi of Cnglanli* 17 Weight and JvoirdupoU. In troy weight^ 14 Grains of Wheat make a Fennj' Weight Sterling, 20 Penny weight make anO««ce j 12 Ounces make a Found; lo there are 480 Grains in the Ounce, and 5760 Grains in the Pound. By this Weight are weighed Pearls, Pre- tious Stones, Gold, Silver, Bread, and all ■ manner of Corn and Grain ; and this V'eight the Apothecaries door ought to ufe,though by other Divifions and Denominations: their leafl meafure is a Graiti. 20 Grains "S 3 Scruples )a Drach, dDrachmesC | jan Ounce / | 11 Ounces ) ^ a Pound, J >lb Av ir iu pou hath i 5 Ounces to the pound ,but then the Ounce Avoir dti pois is lighter then the Ounce troy by 42 Grains in 480, that is near a 12th part, fo that the Avoir du pois Ounce containeth but 438 Grains, and is as 73 to 80, that is 73 Oun¬ ces troy is as much as 80 Ounces Avoir du pois, and do pound Avoir du pois is equal' to 73 pounds Trey,and 14 Ounces troy and an half,and the tenth part of a troy Ounce make 16 Ounces Avoir du pois. By this Weight are weighed ioEngland all Grocery Ware, Flcfi, Butter, Cheefe, Iron, Hemp, Fldx, Tilloni,Wax, Lead, Steel, alfo all things whereof comes wafle ; and there-' fore 112 /. Avoir du few is called a Hun¬ dred weight, and ^6 I, Half a Hundred, - and iS p^etent @tate and i8 /. a Quarter of a Hundred, or ^ Tod. Eight Pounds Avoiiupots amongft the Butchers is called a Stone. Note, That when Wheat is at 5 s. the Bu-^ pjel, then the Penny whentcn Loaf is by Statute to weigh ii Ounces Tro/,and j Half Penny Wheaten Loaves to weigh as much , and the Houfliold Fenny Loaf to vieioh 14 Troy Ounces and two third parts of an Ounce, and fo more or lefs proportionably. Note alfo. That here, as in other Coun¬ tries, Silk men ufe a Weight called Penice Ounce, which is ij Penny-weight and iz Grains j fo that 12 Ounces Venice is but 8 Ounces, 4PennyT)'£ij',and p Ounces Avoir- dufois ; but of this there is no Standard, ncr doth the Magiftrate allow of it. Jlfea- All Meafures in England are either Ap-^ r pUcative or Receptive. J ' The {mallei Menfura Applicaii0nis,otap^ pUcative meafure is a Barly Corn^ whereof j in length make a fingers breadth or J»cb, 4 Inches make a Handful, j Handful a Foot, I Foot and a half makes a Cubit, 2 Cubits a Tard, i Tard and a qumtr makes an Elly 5 Foot make a Geometrical Pace, 5 Foot a Fathom, 16 Foot and a half make a Perch , Pole, or Rod, 40 Perch make a turlong, S Furlongs, ox y..o Perch make an Englifh Mile; which according to the Statute of II H. 7. ought to be ij6o Yards, or 5280 Foot, that is 280 Foot more than the Itali¬ an Mile", 5 o miles, or more exaftlytfp En- gliih miles and a half make a Pearce, and ^60 Bcgtecs, or25o20 Miles compafsthe whole Gl^bc of theEdrth. Fog of €nglanti* For nieafuring of Land in EngUnd, 40 Perch in length and 4 in breadth make an Acre of Land (fo called from German word ^c^^tjand that from the Latine^^ger) 30 Acres ordinarily make a Yard-Land',and one Hundred Acres are accounted a Hide of Land-, but in this and alfo in fome Weights and other Meafures, the Cuflome of the place is oiherwifej yet muft be regarded. In France about Pirw inches make a foot, ii foot make a Perchj and 100 Perches make an Arpent. Menfura receptionds, or the deceptive Meafures, are two-fold, firftof Liquid) or Moifl things, fecondly of Dry things. About a pound Avoirdupois makes the or¬ dinary fmalleft Receptive meafure, called a Pint,z Dints make a QMrt-,i Qu^artsCLpot^ tle,i Pottles iGallonyB Gallons tap ir\inQi Ale; 1 fuch Firhjngs make z j^jlderliin, and 1 Rilierliins oxGallons make a Barrel of Alc,^ Gallons a Firhjn of Beer,s fuch Fir- ilins or 18 Gallons make a J^ilderliin,z fuch Fiilderliins or 36 Gallons make a Barrel of Peer, I Barrel & a half,or I4 Gallons make a Hogfliead-,z Hogjheadsmdke a Pipe or Butt, and j Pipes zTiiU) conllfting of lyaS Pints or Pounds. A Barrel of Butter or Soap is the; fame with a Barrel of Ale. The Englifli IVine Meafures are fmaller thanthofeof Ale and Beer,and hold propor¬ tion as 4 to 5 ; fo that 4 Gallons of Beer Meafure are 5 Gallons of Meafure , and each Gallon of JVine is 8 pounds Troy weight. Of thefe Gallons, a Rundlet of Wine holds 18, Half a Hogjhctd 31 Gallons 20 tlCije p^eCeitt State and a half, a Tierce of Wincholds4i Gal¬ lons,, a 6 ^ Gallons,aP«nc;)/cn 84 Gallons, a Pipe or Butt holds 1x5, and a Tun GallonSj or ioi<5Pints. To meafure dry things, as Corit or Grainy there is firft the Gallon, which is bigger than the i^ine Gallon, and lefs than the .4/e or Beer Gallon, and is in proportion to them as 53 to 18 and 35, and is counted 8 pounds Troj'weight. Twoofthefe Gallons make a Peck^ 4 Pee^-f a Bufljel, 4 Bujhels the Comb or Curnocli, i Curnoslis mike a Qmr- ter, and lo QMrters a Lafi or Weight which contains 5120 Pints,and about fo ma¬ ny Pounds,- fothat in a Garrifonof ^000 - men , allowing each but a pound of Bread per diem, they will confume near a Lift or 80 Buftiels everyday, and a^o Men in a Ship of War will drink a Tun of Beer in two ■ ‘ dayes, allowing each maa but his Pottle per diem^ Build- churches throughout all Engknd, and tMS, publick are generally of i's/ii “ * Stone , covered with Lcid j Cithcdnl and CoUegiate Churches every where ample and magnificent •, and the Churches in Market- Towns and Opulent Villages fpacious and folid enough, beautified either with very high Pyramids , or Steeples, or at lealt with ftately high Towers. Houfes in Cities,that were heretofore ufually of VVoid, are now built of good Stone or Bridi, and covered with Slite or Tile ; the Rooms within for¬ merly vsainfcotted, are now hung with Tltpi- . ftry, or other convenient Stufe 5 and all deled, with Plii(ler} excellent againft the rage of Cnglanij. rage of Fire, againft the Cold, and to hin¬ der thepaffage of al! dull and noife.> The Modern Buildings have been far more Uight, and of lefs continuance than the An- tient. The houfes of the Nobles and Rich are abundantly furnifht tViih Prwier. Brufs, Fine Linnen, Fi-ae. The mean Mecha- nicks and ordinary Husbandinen want not Silver spoonj, or fome Silver plate in their houfes. The VViniovaes every where not made of Paper or asisufual in Ita¬ ly and Spain. Chimnief in moll cdaces, no al¬ though the far more southern parts of Ger¬ many can hardly fubfill in the Winter with- out them. CHAP. ir. of the Inhabitants , and therein oj their La'^, Religion^ Manners, and Pu- nijhments-.^ of their Nftmber, Langn- age, Stature, Dyet, Attire^ Recrea¬ tions, Names , and Surnames ; of their Computation and manner of Numbring. TJ Ngland hath been polTeft by five feveral Jnhabl- Nations, and coveted by many motc,f and no wonder fo fair and rich a Udy Ihould have 22 €t)e piefent ©tate have many Lovers, it being a Country (as was faid of the Tree in the midft of Paradife) good for food, platfant to the eyes, and to be defired •, whereas the High-Lands of Scot¬ land, Wales, Bifciiy, Sn>it\erland, and other like Countries, continue ftill in the pofleffion of their Aborigines,of the firfl: that laid claim unto them, none lince judging it worth their pains to dirpoflefs them. The firft Inhabitants of England are belies vcd to be the Britains, defcended from the G*^a/rjwhofe language was once almoft the fame; fubdued afterward by Romans: who, by reafon of their troubles nearer home were conftrained to abandon this Country about 400 years after Chrill: whereupon theP/^x Inhabitants of Scotland', invading the Britains they call to their aid the Sax¬ ons, who chafing away the Picis, foon made themfelves Mailers of the Eritains'.but thefe not able to endure the heavy yoke of tbeSax- c»j,after many Battels and Attempts to re¬ cover their loft Liberties and Country, reti¬ red, or were driven fome of them into Bri¬ tain in France, from whence fome thinkthey firft came 5 but moft of them into the two ut- mo&Wefternbarren,znd. Mountainous parts of this Country,called afterwards by the S^x- 6 ns WaliJI)land, in fteadof Gaulifhland, as the Gerw/jnr ftill call Italy WalifJHand, be- eaufe inhabited by the Cifalpine Gauls ; and the French call our Countrey of Britains, Le paisde Giles. The Saxons folely pofleft of all the beft • part of this r/Ze, were for a long time infeft- cd of €nglanl 5 * 23 ed, and for fonie time almoft fubduedbythe V.ines, and afterwards wholly by the Mor~ mins'-, who drave riot out the S.ixons, but • mixed with them ; fpthat the Er.glijh blood. at this day is a mixture chiefly of Horrmn and Sdxon, not without a mHureoiDmJhi Romi hzni Britijh Blood. The Englifli, according to feveral Mat- tcis and parts of the Kingdom; are govern- ^ " ed by iereral Laws, vi^, Common Law, St.i- me-Law, CivU Law ,jOaun Law, Foreft L.iw, and Martial Law ; befides particular Cuftoms and By-Laws; Of all which in brief, intending in a Treatife apart to fpeak more largely of them in the Particular Go¬ vernment of England Ecclejlaflique, Civil and Military, together with all the Courts and Officers thereto belonging. The Common Law of England is the - — Common Cuftoms of the Kingdome, which ^ have by length of time obtained the force of Law, Laws: It is called Lex non feripta {nothnt that we have them written intheoldNor- man Dialed, which being no where vulgarly ' ufed, varies no more than the Latin) but, be- caufe it cannot be made by Charter or by Parliament; for thofe are alwayes matters of Record ; whereas Cuftoms are onely mat¬ ters of FiZff,andareno where but in the Me¬ mory of the People i and of all Laws muft be the beft for the Englifli; for the Written Laws made in England byKings or Privy- Councils, as anciently, or by Parliaments, as of latertimes ■, are impofed upon the Sub- $4 Pl^tent ^tate Jeft before any probation or trial» whether they are bencficialto the Nation, or agreea¬ ble to the Nature of the People j but Cu- iloms bind not the People till they have been tryed and approved time out of mind j during which time no inconvenience ariling to hinder, thofe Cuftoms became Laws; ana therefor^when our Parliaments have alter¬ ed any Fundamental points of our Com¬ mon Law, f as lometimes hath been done ) thofe alterations have been by experience found fo inconvenient, that the fame Law by fucceeding Parliaments hath foon been' reftored. This Common-Law is the Quin- teflence of the Cuftoniary Law of the Merci¬ ans, prevailing before the Conquell in the Middle Counties of England, called the 1 Kingdom of Mercia, and of the Saxons a- mongft the Weft and South parts, and of the Danes isaongk the Eaft-Angles, all firft re¬ duced into one body by King Edmrd the El - • der, about the year 900 5 which for fome time almoft loft, were revived by the good King Edward the Confeflbr, and by Pofterity named his Laws. To thefe the Conqueror added fome of the good Cuftoms of Nor¬ mandy, and then his Succeffor King Edward the Firft having in his younger years given himfelf fatisfaftion in the glory of Arms, bent himfelf (like another fiijiinian) to en- 1 dow hisEftate with divers notable Funda- ' mental Laws, ever fincc praftifed in this 1 Nation. The excellent conveniency and conJ naturalnefs of the Common Law of England ^ to the temper of EngUfh Men, is fuch, that ' the ferious confideration thereof induced King King in a Solemn Speech to prefer it as to this Nation, before the Law o{Mo- jes. Where the Comm'on Law is filent, there we have excellent Statute-Laws, made by the feveral Kings of England, hy zniviith the Advice and Confent of all the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and with the Confent of all the Commons of England, by their Reprefentatives in Parliament; whereunto the Englijh eafily fubmit, as made at their own earnefl defire and requeft. Where Common and Statute-Law tahe no Cognizance, ufe is made of that Law of j' Laws called the Civil Law *, wherein is to be had what all the Wifeft and Nobleft Men of the moft flourilhing and puiliant State that ever was in the World, couM in the (pace of many hundred years by their own Wifdom or Reafon devife, or from any j other People learn : fo that this Law may be lookt on as the Pi oduftof the Com- [ mon Reafon of ail Mankind, and fitted for ; the Intereft and Welfare not of one Nation ; onely; but contemplating and taking care , for the general affairs of all People. Of , this Law ufe is made in all Ecclefiaftical } Courts of Bifhops, Arch - Deacons, Vicars- ; General, Chancellours, and Cominiflaries, ^ when ever Cognizance is taken of Wills and TeftainentSjOfTythes, Oblations,Mor- . tuaries, of Matrimony, Divorce, Adultery, Inceft, Fornication , Chaftity attempted ; Of Sacred Orders, Inftitutions to ckurciy- C Livings, Statutt. Law, Civil Law, 95 p^cfent %tm Livings, Celebration of DiWne Offices , Reparation of Churches, Dilapidations, Procurations j of Heiefie, Apolfalie , A- ' theifme, Schi'me, Simony, Blarphemy, (ff-'c. So of this Law is made ul'e in the Court of Admiralty, in all affairs immediately rela¬ ting to the Royal Fleets, to all other Velfeh of Trade, and to their Owners, to Mari¬ ners, to Commanders at Sea,toRepri7.a!«, to Pyracies, to Merchants Affairs, to all Contrafts made at Sea or beyond Sea, in the way of Marine Trade or Commerce j to all matters touching Wrecks, Flotfm, Lagm, Marine Waifs, Deodands, (ir'c. Moreover ufe is made of the Civil law in the Court of the Earl Marlhal, ta¬ king Cogniz.ance of Crimes perpetrated out of EngUnd,o{ Contrafts made in Foie gn parts; of Affairs of W'ar within and with¬ out ; ofControverfies about No¬ bility and Gentry, or bearing of Coats of Arms J of Precedency, Of this law much ufe is made in Treaties with Foreign Potentates, where many points are to be determined and concluded , according to the direftion of this moft excellent and ge¬ nerally approved Law 3 and for this caufe Torreign Princes take efpecial care to choofe fuch nerfons for their Einbaffadcrs as arc skilU’d in the Civil Law, ard this Poliry was her'.tofore duly obfei ved by our Engliih Princes with very good fucctls,- laffly , the two Univerfities of Englartii ferve the iifelves of the Civil Law, forty their Pnviledges to Student is to be fued at Cmrnon-Lm, but in the Vicechancellours Court 4 €ngl|anij* 17 Court for Debts j Accounts > Injuries, isfc. The Canons of many Antient General (^anbn* Councils,of many National andProvinciw - al Englilh Synods, befides divers Decrees of the Bi/hops of 'Rome, and Judgements of Antient Fathers had been received by the Church of Env/.t»i, and incorporated into the Body or the Canon-Law : by which (he Jid ever proceed in ih: exercife of her Jurifdiftion, and doth flill byvertue of the Statute 15 Hc«. 8. fofaras thefaid Canons and Conftitutions are not repug¬ nant to the Holy Scriptures, to the Kings Prerogative , or the Laws, Statutes, and Cuftomes of this Realm ; and thofe are cal¬ led the Kings Ecclefiaftical Laws, which have feveral proceedings, and feveial ends from the Temporal Laws j thefe inflifting punifliment upon the Body, Lands , and Goods, and to punifh the outward Man-; hut thofe pro filute dnimx, to reform the inward Man; both joyning in this, to have the whole man outwardly and inwardly re¬ formed . The Roi-eft Lms are peculiar La-ws.di’- Fa'efi- ferent from ihe Common law of En^z,!d Pilots who fitting ftill at the Helm ( while others labour and toyle at the Ropes and Sayles) they flioiild liiale it their'whole bufincfs ( by confidering the Winds and Tides, the Rocks and Shelves, the Seafetrs and ClimatsJ that the Ship ■ may keep her right courle, and be fafely’ brought to her delired Haven y fot*, it hatn been unluckily obferved, that as'a Ship is then in mod danger when the Pilot lhali quit the Helme to pull at a-S'ope, fo thofe Dioceffes j8 pjrfent State Diocefles.Jrave coromonly fce«i VVorfl Go^ ■verned, whofe Bjfliops tave been moll Bookilb, and ujoft ftequent in, the Pul¬ pit, • ; . Em fince the beginning of owRefor^ nation, there are fome few Families in fcve- ral parts of England, have perlilled in the Romilh Religion, and are ufually called Fipifis from the old uftial name of the Bilhop of Rme. Againft thefe there are divers fevere Law* ftill in force, but their, number being not confiderable, nor their Loyalty of later years queftionable, thofe Laws are more rarely put^jn executi¬ on : btfides the Clemency and gentle ufage Aewn them here, begets in Remifi) States, and Potentates abroad the like gentle treat¬ ment of their Proteftani Sub),efts, and of the Englilh living within their .Domini¬ ons. As for thofe other Perfwa&jns, whofe ProfelTois are commonly called Prefby- terkns. Independents, Ambuptijis, fi¬ llers, Fifth-Monarchy-Men, Ranters, Adi-< Kites, Antinomians , Sabbatarians , Per-' feH'ionifls, Family ef Love, and the reft of thofe Mulhropmesof as moft of them fprang up fuddenly in the late un¬ happy night of Cottfufion, fo ft is to be pre¬ fumed that they may jn a (liort time vanifli in this blefled day of Order; and there¬ fore not wort^ to be deferibed here-as Re¬ ligions profefled in England: for as the' State of England doth acc febls’, and the beft Chriliians in the world, Amoflgft thefe excellent Tempers, piongft this goodly lVhcat,wh.il!'[ men flept the Enemy came and fowed Ttirej-, there fprang up of later years a (brt of People fowre, fullen, fufpitious, fueritloui, cen[o- rious, peevijh, envioKS, rcfcrved, nmovs- hearted, c/ofe-ffied ; felf-conceiicd, igno~ Tint, ftiff'-neciied, Children of Belial, (ac¬ cording to the genuine Signification of the icsiord) ever prone to dcfpife Dominion, to fpeuk evitof Dignities, to gain-[ay Order, Rule, and Authority j who nave accounted It their honour to contend with fC/ngrand Governors , and to difquiet the Peace,,of 'Kjngdoms', whom no deferts, no clemengy could ever obligej neither oxFroni- fes bind, breathing nothing but [edition and calumnies againft the eftabliftit Go¬ vernment, afpiring without nleafure, rai¬ ling without reafon, and making,their own wild pMc/cf the Square and Rule of theitj Confcienccs hatiiog , dtfpifing-or, difre- fpefting the Nobility, Gentry ^ndsSuperior Clergy, See. , -Thefe lurking in all quarters of EngZ land, had-at length with their peftilential breatli infefted fome of the worfe natured , ' and of € 5 nglanlj* and worfe nurtur'd Gentry, divers of the irferiour Clergy, moft of the Tradefmen y and very many of the and pre¬ vailed fofar, as not only tofpoil the beft governed State, and ruin the pureft and moft flourifliing Church in Chrijierdome , but alfo to corrupt the m/adt,the humors, and very nitures of fo many Engliih 5. that notwithflanding the late happy Reftaurati- on of the King and Bilhops, the inceffant joynt endeavours and fiudies of all our Governours to reduce this people to their frifline happinefs, yet no man now living can reafonably hope tofee in his time the like blefleddayes again ; without a tran- fplantation of all thofc Sons of Belkl ( as- King in his grave Teftament to his Son did intimate) without an utter extir¬ pation of thofe Tares, which yet the Clei- mency and mcehnefs of the Prote&ant Re¬ ligion feems to forbid ; unlcfs they are fuch who believe themfelves obliged in Confci- ence to take all opportunities, occafions and advantages to extirpate and deftroy the prefent Church Government by Law efta- blitht in England, and in purfuance of the fame to venture their Lives and Eftates, and confianf !y to continue in this Beliefs all the dayes of their lives againft all opno-- fition whatfoever, as the Words of their SOLEMN LEAGUE and'CO- V E N A-N T are. To fuch no Prince ■ nor Potentate in Europe- will ever in¬ dulge, fo far as to fuffer them to breathe the fame Air with them: And yet fuch is the Mercy of our Gracious Kiligj ani thtfl Lenity 41 4* ®t)e p?«C(nt State Lenity of our Reverend BiAops^ and of our two Houfes of Parliament, that they have thought fit hitherto not to banifli any one Perfon for entring into that IMPIOUS COVLNANT, nor to exclude any of them from any Office in Church or State, who have been willing to abjure the fame. The HeUllty and chkiGentry of En,^- knd have been even by Strangers compa¬ red to the fne^ Elowre , but the lower' Ibrtofcommon People to thscourfeft bun-, the innate good nature, joyned with^the li¬ beral education and converfe with Stran¬ gers in forreign Countries, render thofe exceeding' cirill; whereas the wealth, in- fojence, and pride of thefe, and the rare eonverfe with Strangers, have rendred them fb diftafteful, not only to the few Strangers whofreqiient but even to their own Gentry, that they could fonie- times wiih that either the Country were lefs plentifull, or that the ImpoJitions wre heavier j for byreafon of the great abun¬ dance of tlejh Wi^t C-orn-, Leather , Weoll, ifc. which the Soilof its own boun¬ ty with little labour doth produce, the yeomtryiX their eafe andalmoff forg6t-, ting labour, grow rich, and thereby fo proud, infolent, and carelefs, that they irei-. thcr give that humbk irefpcSff and awfdI re¬ verence, which in other Kingdoms is ufually given to Nobilityi Gentry, and Clergy, nor are they fo induftrious or fo skilfall in hitiTiufiSluTCS as fome of our Neighbour Nations 5 fo that in J.ngUni it is no Farddox af « Tifttiox to affirm, that as toomucli/a- digcncy in the inferioUr fort of people doth deprefs the fpirits and dull the minds of them/o too plentifiU and wanton a fortune^ caufeth in them a laiinefs and left induftry} that State commonly enjoying moft pate and order and kappincfr, where either the moderate barennefs of the Countrey, or reint of ground , or multitude of Impojts (as in Holland) doneceffitate the common people to be induftrlousin their Callings , andfoto mind their own , at not to di- fturb the State and Church affairs.' Moreover, of the Evgltfi efpecially it hath been formerly'.'.and unhappily obfer- ved, that then it is bappiejt with them , when they are foaiewhat prefled , and in 8 complaninig condition} according t© that old Riming Veife. » Jlnglicogem t^optimaflins & pe/iiMridmt t The Englifi Common people antiemry were, and at this day are very apt t®^ hearken to and to create ?ro- digks } and then to imei pret them accor¬ ding to their own extravagant conceits r to invent and then maintain any the rnoft prodigious Opinions and Tenets in Di¬ vinity ; fome of the inferiour fort oflftM holding abominable opinions, un'Jmthy even of men and (uch as in no Age trerc ever broachi before. The Englijb Mtidnal vices were anti- ently Gluttony and the effefts thereof lafewmjiup , ( when they made four Meals 4^ piefent ©tate Meals in a day and moft exceffive Vcifiin^ with great plenty of French Wine') whet Women of profe(fed /ncoBf/ncMc;'were per¬ mitted to profiPer their Bodyes to all Co- •piers , in certain places called Stews or Staves, or Bxthin^ pUccs; becaufe men Vftte^ontta bxth themfel ves there fas ftill in other Countriesj before they addreft themfelves to venereous Jcis. Moreover Pride in Appxrel , wherein they were an- tiently fo extravagant and foolifh, fo fu- perfiuous and obfeene , that divers Sti- t«ter before our Reformation in Religion t and Homilies fince, have been made a- gainft that Excefs ^ aind an Englifn Man vvas wont to be piflured noked with a pair of Taylors Sheers in his hand , and a piece •f Cloth under his arme, with verfes an- next, intimating, that he knew not what faihion of Clothes to have. Excefs of drinfling was antvently spore rare in England , as appears by an old ?oet. E(ce Brimnorum mos eft laudabilh ifte, Jit bibat arbitfio pocula quifque [no. The Danes in the time of King Edgar firft brought it in, but it was afterward banifluhence, fo that we find-no antient Statute fince theConqueft againftit; for though the Statutes heretofore made againft Excefs in Apparel and Pyet are antient, yet thofe againft Drun^ennefs are but of late date. As the returning from t^e Wars jo of Cnglanti. ; 45 in tHe Holy land, brouglit home tlie foul difeafe of Lcprofie , now almoft extinft here , though not yet in our Neighbouring Countries: fo in our Fathers days the Englifl) returning from the fervice in the HutbcrlxndSi brought with 'them the" foul Vice of Vnnfiennef!, as befidest- ther Tellimpnies the Term of Cirous, frdm Gar aux , All out . learnt of the Dutch thete in the fame fervice j (oQuiffei Gfc. This Vice of late was more , though’ at piefent fo much, that fome perfons, and thofe of quality may not fafely be vifited in an afternoon , without running the hazard of exceflive drinking of Healths (whereby in a Ihort time twice as much liquor is confumed as by the Dutch, who fip and prate ) and in fome places it is efteemed a piece of wit to make a man drunk j for which purpofe fome [rvilling inftpid. Trencher-Buffoon is always at hand. Ho.wever it may be truly afErmed that at prefent there is generally lefs Excefs ill Drin({ing (Specially about London, fince the uTe of Coffee ) lefs Excefs in Dj- ct, but principally in Apparel than here¬ tofore 5 infomuch that the poor Tradef- man is much pincht thereby ; for as it is expedient for the benefit of the whole Commonwealth, that divers unneceffary t.nd>[uperfliious Commodities fhould be allowed j ns Tobacco-, Coffee, Spices , Su¬ gars, Raifins, Silks, Tine Linnen> fo fome lefs hurtful exceffes ( as in Ap¬ parel, Diet, Building, Coaches, Lacqueysi P^fent State kc.) muft either be connived at, or much of all the Money of the Nation mull lie dead and uniinployed (as it now dcith in the private, fiiltca, diicontentedy niggardlp Neit-Conformijis hand_l and Tradefmen niuft either ftarve or be fuftained by Aimes. • The Sill of Buggery brought into Eng- land bv the Lombirds~y as appears not one- }y by the word Bugeria, but alfo by Bot, f arl. yo. Erf, N. j8. is now rarely pra- (ftifed amongft Englijh, although fome- timesdifeorered amongft Aliens in Eng- land, and then punilht by Death without anyremilfion. Impoy[c»nients, fo ordinarily In Italy, are fo abominable nmangA Englijh, as a I H. 8, it was made High Treafon, though fince repealed j after which the punilhraent for it was to be put alive in, a Caldron of Water, and there boy led to deathat prefenr it is Felony without be- Befit of Clergy. Stabbing in England is much more fel- domethan in Italy, the Englifh being ea- Se to be reconciled , to pardon and re¬ mit offences, not apt to feek revenge • the true well-bred Engli/h havemoreof inclination to goodnefs, which the Creeks called Pbilanthropia, than other Nati¬ on'; : the Nobility and well-bred Gentry delighting to bo gratious and courteous to ftrangu'Sj compaflionate to the afflift- ed, and grateful to Benefaftor?, when their Purfe or Eftate not diverted by other extravagant expenccs, will give them leave ?o remember them. The ’ The English according tothe ClimitCx are of xmMlc temper. The Northern Si-> tn>..'.v % and the5'a!(ffcer«^ercaj'Zii/ rew- ■per meeting in their ConlHtutions,-render them ingenious and a^ive , yet folid and perfsvering , which nouriftit under a futa- ble liberty, infpires a courage generoM and lijling. Their Ingemhy will not allow them-to be excellent at the Cheat 3 but fubjeft ih that point rather to take than give , and fuppofing others as open hearted as them- felves, are many times in Treaties over- matchtbythem whom they overmatchi in Arm and true Vilour\ whichbath been ve¬ ry eminent in all ages, and almoft in all Lands, and Seas too of the whole world. . The EngUp fince the Reformation are fo much given to Literature, that all forts are generally the moft knowing people in the World. They have been fo much ad¬ dicted to writing, and Specially in their own Language, and with fo much licenfe or connivance, that according to the ob- fervation of a Learned man, there have been during our late Troubles and Con- fufions more good and more bad Boo^s printed and publilhed in the Engliih Tuigue, then in all the vulgar Languages of Europe. For folidity of Matter/or elega tcy of Style and meihod intheit Sermors, Comedies,Ra~ mnces,is alfo in their Books of Phyl^ophy , Phficli, Tiijlory , and all other folid learning, no Nation hath furpaffed the Engliih^ and few equalled them. TmiP)- mm of Crim- TheEhglifh, efpecially the Gentry 1 arc fo much given to Prodigality and Slothful-] nefsi that Eftates are oftner ipent andlold than in any other Countrey ; They think it a piece of frugality beneath .a Gentle- roan tobefore-hand, or to count afterward , for what they eat in anyplace, though the rate be moft unreafonabk \ whereby it comes to pals , that Coolis, l^intners, Innl^eepers , and fuch mean fel¬ lows, enrich themfclves, and begger and infult over the Gentry. In a word , by -their prodigality it comes to pafs, that not only thofe, but Taylors , Vancing- Majiers, 2 ni ^uchTtifling Fellows, arrive :to that riches and pride as to ride in their Coaches, keep their Summer-Houles, to beferved in Plate, eirV- aninfolencc in- fupportabJc in other well-governed Na¬ tions. Becaufethe feveral pHniJhments inflifted •for feveral Crimes are different in nioft Countriss, and thofe of England much different from thofe of all other Countreysj a brief account of them may probably not be unacceptable to Forreigners efpecially. All Crimes in that touch the life of a Man, are either High-Treafon, Petit-Treafon, or Felony. Although f'ome yjigh-Treafonsnte much more heinous and odious than others 5 yet the punifhment I by Law is the fame for all forts ("except for Coyning of Money ) and that is that the Traitor laid upon a Hurdle or Sledge be 1 drawn to the Galjows, there hanged by ’ the of ^^Hglanty. the Neck, prcfcntly cut ^own alive, his entrails to be fuddenly pulled out of his Belly and burnt before the face of the Cri¬ minal., then his Head to be cut off, his Body to be divided into four parts,and laft- ly, that the Head and Body be hung up or impaled where the King (hall command. Befides all this, he (hall forfeit all his lands and Goods whatfoever, his Wife (ha)l lofe her Dower , his Children their Nobility, and all their Right of Inheriting him or any other Anceftor: Our taw thinking it moft reafonable , that he who endeavored to deflroy the King, the Breath of ourNoftrils, and thereby to rend the Majefiy of Government; his Body, Lands, Goods, andPofterity, (hould be rent, torn' and deftroyed. For Coining of Money , though adjudged High-trexfon, the Pu- niihment .having been only drawing and hanging before the Statute of z^Ed. 3 it remains foflill. . Petit-Treafon is either when a Servant killeth his Mailer or Miftrifs, or a Wife killethher Husband, or a Clergy-man his Prelate, to whom he oweth obedience; and for this Crime the punilhment is to be drawn (as before) and to be hanged by the Nick till he be dead. The punilhment for a Woman convifted of High treafon or Peiit-Trca^on, is all one; and that is to be drawn and burnt alive. Felonies are all other Capital Crimes, for which antiently there were feveral forts of Punilhments till H. i. ordained that the Punilhments for all Felonies (hould be to D be nc p?efcttt be banged by the Neck till they are dead, Butit'a Petr of the Realm comaiit High- Trejfon , Petit Treafon, or Felony, al¬ though his Judgement be the fame with that of common perfons j yet the King doth tifually extend fo iruch favor to fuchj as tocaulethem only to be beheaded with an Axe upon a Block lying on the ground, and not as in all other Countveys by a • Swcrd kneeling or Handing. If a Criminal indifted of Peiit-Trcnfon ' OT Felony , refufeth to anrwcr , or to put himfelf upon a Legal Tryal • then for fuch Handing Mute, and Contumacy, he is prefently to undergo that horrible punilh- ( snent called Paine forte & dure j that is to >■ be fent back to the Prifon from whence he came, and there laid in feme low dark ■ ‘Room upon the bare ground on his back, - all naked befides his privy parts, his Arms and Legs drawn wit h Cords fallened to the i feveral quarters of the room ^ then (hall be f laid upon his Body Iron and Stone, fo much as he iiiay beareor more : the next day he (liall have three Morfels of Barley Bread without Drink; and the third day (hall have Drink of the Water next to the - Prifon Door, except it be running Water, ; without Bread ; and this lhall be his Dyet ’ tillhediS'. Which grievous kind of death Tome flout Fellows have fometimes chofen, t that fo being not tried and convifted of their Crimes, their Eftates may not be for¬ feited to the King, but defeend to their , Children j nor their Blood Hained. ' of €ttglant]l^ But, in Cafe of Htgh-Tmfon ', tfaoogh t^ieCriminal (landmute, yet Judgement fliall be given againft him as if he had been convifted,and his Eftate confifcated. After Beheading or Hanging, the Cri- minals friends ufually interr the Body de¬ cently where they pleafcj onely if the Crime be very enormous, as for Murdering and Robbing any Perfon j then by Order, is the Cri ninal ufually hanged by the neck till he be dead, and afterwards hanged in Chainestill the Body rot; and in fome Ca¬ fes his Right hand is firft cut off and then hanged. In all fuch where the Benefit of Clergy is allowed ('as it is in many]) there th; Criminal is to be marktwith a hot Iron with a T. or M. for Thief or Mtinjliyer on the Left Hand, and Wandring Rogues are to be burnt on the Shoulder with an R. Antiently in the time of the Saxon Chri- flian Rings, and fometime after the co¬ ming of the Norman Kings,men were rare¬ ly put to death for any Crime, but either paid grievous Fines, or for the more enor¬ mous Crimes, to loofe their Eyes or their Tefiicles; and fo remain living Monuments of their Impieties , as punilhments far worfe then death ; which amongft Chrifti- ans is believed to be but a palfage from this life to a far better , and fo more a Reward then aPunifhment. Tot Petit Lurceny or Smxl Theft, thati* of the value of la. d. or under, the punilh- ntent antiently wasfometimes by lofs of an D a Ear Eav , fometimes by Cudgeling, butfince ■Edn>, 3, onely by Whipping ; but if fuch Petit Thief be found, by the Jury to have 'fled tor the fame, he forfeiteth all his fGoods. Perjury, by bearing falfewitnefsupon Oath, is puniflit with the Pillory called CeUiflrigium.i burnt in the Fore-head with Sip. his Trees growing upon his Ground to be rooted up , and his Goods confifca- ted. Vorgery-, chesting, Libelling, Tilfe Weights sad Mcafurcs, Forc-fial!;ng the Mir\eh Offences in BskJ''/, "’■nd Brewing, are commonly punithed w;th flanding in the Pillory, and fometimss to have. one or both Ears nailed to the Pillory, and cut off, or there bored through the Tongue with a hot Iron. The PuniflimenL for ^{ifpriffion o^Uigh- Treafon,that is for negleding or concealing it, is forfeiture of the profits of his Lands during life, and of all Goods, andalfo Imprifonment for life. For Stroking in the l{,ings Court, where¬ by Blood is drawn, the Punifhment is, that the Criminal lhall have his Right Hand ftrucken off in a moft fad and folemn man¬ ner ; as more at large may be ften in the Chapter of the Kings Court. For ftriking in Wejlminfter-Usll whilft the Courts of Jufiiceare fitting. Is Im¬ prifonment during life, and forfeiture of allhisEftate. For one found in a Prmunirc, is for- £e»torc of all his Eftate. to be put out ofthe Kings or ^nglanij. Kings Proteftion^ and Imprifonment during the Kings pleafure. The Puni/hment pf Fctit furors at tain- ted'pf giving a Verdift contrary to Evi¬ dence wittingly is fevere and terrible; they are condemned to lofe the Franchife or Freedom of the Law, that is, become in¬ famous and, of no credit, nncapable of being a Witnefs or of a Jury; their Houfesj. Lands, and Goods fliail befeifed into the Kings hand's, their Houfes pulled down®, their Meadows ploughed up, their Trees rooted up, all their Lands layd wafte, ani their Bodies imprifoned. The like Puni/hment is alfofor thofe- who ihall confpire to indift an Innocent , falfiy and malicioufly of Felony. Any Man or Woman convifted , in the Bilhops Coun of Herefie, is to be delive¬ red over to the Secular Power, and tobe- burnt a]iVe«. Telode fef that is one who wittingly killeth hinifelf j is to be.buried our of Chrt- : pin Burial with a Stake driven thorow the.- - Corps, and to forfeit his Goods. Drunkards, vagabonds, iyy'e. are pu- .niftied by let ting their Legs in the Stocks. ■ for certain hears. Scolding Women are to be feared in a> Trebuchet, commonly called a Cucliing- pol, perhaps from the French Coquine and the Germr d’iM/, the Queens Chaire,' placed over fome deep water, into which- they are, let down and plunged under water thrice, to cool their choller and hear. D I Othfit 54 Numher ef Jniihi tints. tlTlje pi^fent ^tate Other mifdemcanors are commonly pu- niftit with Imprifonments or Fines j and fometimes with both. ■As for breaking on the Wheel and other like Torturing Deaths, common in other Chiifl:i.tn Countries, the Englilh look upon them as too cruel for Chriftian Pro- felibrs to ufe. For putting any to the Rack, (unlefs perhaps in fome Cafes of High-Treiifon){t is by the Engliih believed to lavor of too /nuch flaviiTinefs j befides they contemning and defpifing death , and yet not enduring Torture, will fooner acknovyledge them- felves guilty of any the fouleft Crime what- foever, then be put to the Rack j and the People not accuftomed to fuch cruelty, would be apt to pity the party tortured , and abominate the Soveraign and his Judges, for introducing fuch a Cuftom , the Jury would cafily quit the Prifoner of whatever Confeffion Ihould be thus ex¬ torted. To give the Reader an exach account of the number of Peoplein EngUnd, will be very difficult, but a nearconjeilure may thus be made. EngUnd contains 9715 Pariihes, now allowing to each Pariffi one with another 80 Families, there will be 778000 Fami¬ lies, and to each Family 7 perfons, there vdll be found in all Five Millions four hun¬ dred forty fix thoufand fouls .-and amongft them about one Million of fighting Men, The of St ■ The 'Englijh tongue being at pvefent j' 5 e/> jiuichrefined, exceedinglycop/oM. exprcf. Lin- five ini jignifant (by reafon of a liber- ty taken by the Natives of borrowing out of all other Languages, whatever Jmight conduce thereunto) is (as their blood) a mixture chiefly of the Old {itii- /ccf of the T^uton!c{) and the Old Nomxn (a P/a/ef?of the French) not without feme . lavor of the Briuins ^ KomxnsiwiDines LxngHXges. The RswtrtijpoffelTing EngUnd y caufed. their Tongue, the Latine once, to be ge¬ nerally ufed in this Countrey. Thei’^xosj fucceeding, introduced their Lxnguxge wherefoever they feated thena- felves. The afteravards getting pbfle- fitonof England y caufed the Norrmno^ Ereneb Tongue to be learnt at School by thei’itxonj, and for a long time had all LXKff, Fleadings, Sermons, &CC. in French. The Latin Tongue at pr'fentis made life of In Court Rolls, Records, Procejfcf of Courts, in charters, Commijfions, Pa¬ tents , Writs , Bonds, and feme Statutes- are flill kept in that Language. The Names of Shires, Cities,towns, and’ Villages, Flues, and Men, in England > are generally Saxon, and fo are moft Hounst Appellative, and a great part of the Verbs. In French , or rather NflmiJa, are flill written the Common Laws , and learnt by¬ young Students thereof. Alfofome Plca- D 4 “ dings^i. ^ $6 p^efent ©tate dings, and all Moots and Lm Exercifesl are wholly French. Declarations upon original writs 3 and all records are written in Frenchjfome old Statutes are llill'in that Tongue. In Parliamens, the aiTent or dif- Fent to Bills made by the King , Lords, or Commons, is in Fre»cK AlmoPtallour Terms in Hunting, limbing, Dicing,Vin- cing, Singing, &c. are Bill French. Stiture. liie Miitivcs oi Engldni (by reafonof the Tempcr.tte Climite , Mild Aire, not rend red unequal by High Mountains, and unhealthy by manyM^rjl^ej-,plenty of whole- fome food , and the ufeof Bear rather then Wine) Pour L belle ui!le&’ le beau aeinB au vifxgc , as the French fay, for a jufi: handlome large proportion of Body, for clear complexions and plealing features, do furpafs all the Nations in the World. And perhaps for feme of the fame reafons moft other Animals, as the Horfes, Oxen, Sheep, Sveine, Dogs, Cecils, &c, are obferved by Strangers to be generally better lhaped , then in any other Gpuntry oiEurope. • The EngliJJ) are generally great Fleflid ^ ' eaters, although by the nearnefs of the Sea and abundance of Rivers and Fifi ponds-, there is no want of Fiih. Informer times their Table was in many places covered four times a day •, they had Breali-fafts , Dinners, Beverages, and Suppers and every where fet Dinners and Suppers until! the time of the late troubles; wherin many eminent Families being much impoveriihtj a Cuftom was taken up by fome of the No- bili- or€«sIant(.’ ST', Baity and. Gentry, of eating a more plea: tiful Dinner, but little or no Supper ; as on^ the contrary the Konmns and ^cws ancient¬ ly , and the hotter Clmrts at this clay, have- little or no Vinners, but Set Suppers, The Englifli are not now- I’o much addicS-’- ed to Gluttony and Vrunkcnne[s as of late- years hinnntoTohncco more. Feafling alfo is not now fo common and; profufe as antiently; for although the- Feti(ls a.t Coronittions,Oitt\\e Inftdktionoi’ J^nights of the Gsrtcr , ConfecrXtion of Bifliops, Entertainments of Jmbxjfxdors theFeafisof the Lord Mayor of London, of the Sergeants n Law.,sini Readers Feaflsin\ the Innes of Court, are all very fumptuous. and magnificent in thefe times j yet compa¬ red to the Feafts of our , feem-to^ be but niggardly and fparing .• for Richard ' Earl of Cornrvallj'^rother to Henry 3, had: at his Marriage Feaft, as is recorded;. Thirty thoufami Dillies of Meat ; and King; Richard the Second at a Cbriftmasfpent. daily Oxen, 300 Sheep, befides Fowl', and all otlier Provifion proportionably: So • antiently at a Call of Sergeans at Law,each Sergeant (faith Fortefcue) fpent Sixteen; hundred Crowns in feafting, whichinthofe- dayes was more than tSoo 1. now. The i that feed not over liberally (whereto the great plenty and variety oC 'Viands entice tbem),'nor drink much Wine^, but content themfelves with Smal Ale' or Siier-, (but cfpecially the later) are- obferved to .be much more healthy and far • longer lived, than any of our Neighbouring; Nations,, ' “ Since.- 58 ®:!(e pKftnt ©fate Since the late Rebellion, England hath abounded in variety of Drinks (as it did lately in variety of Religions) above any Nation in Europe Befides all forts of the beft Wines from Spain, France, Italy,Ger. many, Grecia ; there are fold in London above 20 forts of other Drinlis,a.s Ccjfee, Chocolate, Tee, Aromaticfi, Mum, Sider,. Ferry, Beer, Ale ; many lorts of Ales ve¬ ry different, as Cecil, Stepony, Siich-Bac^, Hull, North-Down, Sambridge, 8 ic. a piece of Wantonnefs whereof none of our Anceftors were ever guilty. Alth}r, Tor Apparel or Clothing, the French Mode hath been generally ufed in England: of late years: In the time of Queen E/i- gaheth fometimesthe High Dutch, fome- ximes the Spanifii, and fometimes the Tur- IliJhaod Morifco Habits, were by the E»^- lijh worn in England when the Women wore Pemi/err with Pendant Codpieces on the Breaft, full of Tags and Cuts j moreo¬ ver Gd///ga/con.r, FiJrd/Xcit/ej, and Stodi- ings oi divers Colours: but Cnee the Re- Hauration of the King now raigningj Eng¬ land nerer faw , for matter of wearing Apparel, lefs prodigality,and more mo- defiy in Clothes, more plainnefs and come- linefs than amongft her Nobility, Gentry, and Soperiour Clergy ; onely the Citizens* the Countrey people , and the Servants , appear clothed for the mod part above and beyond their Qualities, Eftates, or Cott- ditions. Since our laft breach with France, the Englidi Men (though not the Women) tif €ngCani>* 5 ^ bave quitted the French Mode , and taSeh a grave Wear, much according with the Onentil Nations but that is now left. For Variety of Divertifements , Sports, and Rccrcitiions 3 no Nation doth excel the tisnsk Engliib. , The King hath abroad his rflrc_/?r, €ha- [eSi and Par^r, full of variety of Game j for Hunting Red and Fallow Veer, Foxes, Ot¬ ters ; fiaw/i2ng,Vis Piiidocli Courses, Hor(e Races, &c. and at home , Tennis, Pelmel , Billiards, Enter hides. Balls,Ballets,MasliS3. Sic. The Nobility and,Chief Gentry have their Paries , Warrens , Decoys, Paddocli Coiirfes, Hcrfe-Races, Hunting-, Courfing^,. Piling, Fowling, Hawliing, Setting- dogs, Tumblers, Lurchers, Dudi-hunting,,. Coclifghting , Guns for Birding, Low- Beds , Bat-fowling ; Angling , Hets j. Tennis, Bowling, Billiards, Tables Cbejfe, Draughts i Cards, Vice , Catcloes, ^ejiions-, Purpofcs, Stage-Pkys,Masl^Sy, Balls, Dancing , singing, all forts of Mu- fical Inflriments , &c. The Citizens and' Peafants have Hand-Ball, Foot-Ball,. Shiittlcs , or Hine Pins , Shovel-boards, Stow Ball, Gdffe, Trol-Madarn-, Cudgels , Bear-Baiting j Bull-Baiting , Bow and,- Arrow , Throwing at Goclis, sbuttlecocli. Bowling, Quajts, Leaping, Wrefiling, Pitching the Bar, oni Ringing ofBells,z Recreation ufed in no other Countrey of the World. Amongfl thefe Coc\-fghtlng feeias to, sllForieig^ners too childimandunfuitable to {So €tie p;t(tnt State for the Gemr_y, and for the common Peo^^ pk, Bull-Biiting, ^ni-Bar-bmingteern. too cruel, an.dfor the Citizens, Foot-Bill, and throwing at Cocl{/ jvery uncivil, rude and within the City. En?lilh Nomina quafi Notamina, Nmes were Names. impofed upon Men for’diftinftion fake by the fews at their Circimcifiin, by the Romans at the ninth day after B/rt/;,and by the Chriftians it the Bxptifme ;of fuch fig^ iiification for the moft part that*might de¬ note the future good hope or good wifhes of Parents toward their Children. The Engliih Names of Baptifme are ge-. nerally either Sixon , as Robert, Richard, Henry, William, Edward, Edmund, Edwin, Gilbert, IValter, Leonard, &c. Which are a!) very fignifieative j or elfe out of the Old and New Testament, as Abraham, Jjucli, ^acob, fohn, Thmas, "fames, &c. Or fometimes the Mothers Surname, and rarely two Chriftian Names , which yet is ufual in other Countries, efpeaally in- Germany. Surnames Names fuper-added to the Chrifiian Names the French cal! Surnoms (i-e.) fu- pernomina, The Hebrews, Greeks, and moll other ancient Nations had no Surnames fixt to their Families as in thefe days , but coun¬ ted thus, for example among the Hetrewr, Nelchi Ben Addi, Addi Ben Cafam, 8 (.c. So the Britains, Hugh ap Owen, Owen ap Rbe[e , fo the IriJbNeal mac Conj Con mac Dermoti, 8 cc, As ofSnglai!^. AsChriftian Names were firft given for ^iftinftion of Perfons, fo Surnames for di- dinftion of Families. About 1000 the French Nation be= • gan to take Surnames with de prefixt of z place^ and/e prefixt for fome other qualifi¬ cation 5 as at this day is their ufual man¬ ner. The Engliih alfo took to them- felves Surnames, but not generally by the Common People , till the Reign of Erf- reitd the Fi^, Great Omces of Honour have brought- divers Surnames, as Edward Eitl-Thcobali' being long ago made Butler of IreUnd, the Duke of Ormond and his Anceftors defcend- ed from him, took the Surname of Butler ^ {o^ohn Count Tanq^icervile of Normandy being made Chamberlain to the King of England above 400 years ago, his Defcen- dants oi SherbornCi&le in Oxfordjhire, and of Ereftbury in GlocejierJbirej bear ftili the fame Coat of Arms by the Name of- Chamberlayne. At firft, for Surnames the Englifn Gerii tty took the Name of their Birth-place or- Habitation, as Thomas of Jfion, or Eafi~ Town, ^ohn of Sutton or South-Town; and as they altered their Habitation, fo they-- altefed their Surname. After, when they became Lords of places3 they called them- felves Thomas Jfion oi Jfion, ^ohn Sutton- of Sutton. The Saxon Common People for Sur¬ names added their Fathers Name with Son at the end'thereof, as Thomas ‘^ohnfon, Ro¬ bert RJchardJon. . They alfo oft took theiv Fathers 6 ^ P^efent ^tate Fathers Nick-name or Abbreviationj with addition of s, as Gi^J the Nick-name or • Abbreviation} of Gi/^’crt, Hflij of Robert, Niclisoi Hicj?ol^,Bms oi BiTtholomevn^ Sms of smuely Hodges of Roger -y and thence alfo Gibfon, Hobson, Ric\sion y Bitforty Smfon, Hoifonymi Hutchinfon ^ See. Many alfo were furnamed from their Trade, ols Smith, ^lyner, Weaver, Wd- f^er, that is Fuller in Old Englifti 5 and: Goff, that is Smith in V/etffy See. Or from their Ofhees, as Portef, Steward, Shepheardi Carter, Spencer, thit is Stew¬ ard, Cooky Butleri ^emp thatininOld Englifh Soldier; Or from theif place of abode, as Underwood, Underhil, alfo Atwood, Atwell, Ath ill-, which three laft are fhrunk into Wood, Wells, Hill, Or from their Colour or Complexion as Fairfdx , that is Fair locks j Pigot , . that is speckled j Blunt or Blund, .that is Flaxen Hair-, fofrom Birds-} as Arun^ del, that is Swdlow •, Corbet, that is ■ Raven: Wren } Finch,. Woodcock, &c.' fo from Beap, as Lamb, Fox, Moyle, that is Mule. The Normans at their firft coming into England brought Surnames for many of theTr Gentry with de prefixt, as the French Gentry doth generally at this day, and their Chriftian names were generally. Ger¬ man •, they being originally defeended from' Norway inhabited by Germans. And fome for about 200 years after the Conqueft y took for Surnames their Fathers Chri- ^ian Name, with Fitti or Fils prefixt^ as. as Robert Rit^-lFillim, Henry Fit^- Gerard, See. The BriUins or JVelJh more lately refined did not take Surnames till of late years, and that for the moft part onely, by leaving out a in ap^ and annexing the p to their Fa¬ thers Chriflian Name ; as in uead of Evm ap Rice, now Evxn Price; fo in ftead of ip Homl, PqicpcI ; ip Hngke, Pughe j ap Rogers, Progcrs,Scc. the moft ancient Families, and of befi account for Surnames in Er.gland^tt either thofe that are taken from Places in Nor- WiZBify and thereabouts in France,znAkorn. fome other Tranfraarinc Countreys, orelfe from Places in England and Scotland; as Evreux, Chawonh, Seymour, Nevile, Mon¬ tague, Mthun , Biron, Bruges , Clifford, Berlilcy, Arcy, Stourton, Morley, Courtney, Grandifon, Hafiings, &c. which antiently had all deprefixt, but of later times gene¬ rally neglefted, or made one word, as Pe- vereux, Darcy, &c. IwEnglandzt the beginning ofChriftra- nity they counted ns all other Chriftians, according to the then Roman Account by ' Olympiads, orfpaceof five years. After¬ wards (in the Reign of Conftantine the firft Chviftian Emperour) hy IndiBions oi Fif- teen years; at length in the Reign of the Emperour ^u^inian, 531 years after Chrtfis Incarnation ( and not before, all Chrilll- ans generally began to count ab Anno Cbri- fti Incarnati ; at which time one Bionyfm Exigim or Abba, a worthy-Roman, had 64 ®!i* Stat4 finiiht a Cycle for the Obfervation ofEnfler,. which was then generally received, and is ftill obferyed by the Church, of E«g/(inrf, the ground whereof is this.- The Vernal Equinox at that time was accounted to be the zi of Match, and by confequence muft bethe earlieft F«W AfocSj and then March the 8 muft bethe earlieft Mem Moon ; and Mpril the i8 the lateft lyull Moon ; which happening on a Sunday (as it will when the Dominical Letter is C. and the Golden Number 3 ) then that year will be Mpril zy. So when the New Moon (hall be onMarcb z. (a^ it will when the D.ominir cal Letter isj?; and the Golden Number. i(J) then will be on the zz March, is was in the year 1 5 ( 58 . But the Romifti Church inventing new Rules for finding of Eafier, it happens fometimes that their Eafier is (ixU 5-weeks before ouis and fometimes with.ours, but. never after curs; for Pope Gre^(;ry the 13 in the ye.ir 1582, having obferved that up¬ on exaft account the year contained above dayes, nor fill 6 hours (as had been from the time of fulm Ctcpr hitherto rcr ckoned). but only 5 hours 49. minutes and 15 feconds, and that this difference of almoft M minutes inthefpace of about 134, years, niakeih one whole day , which not confidered fince the regulation of. Eafier , had brought back the year at k-aft 10 dayes; info much that the Vernal Equinoxwhich was at fir ft on the 21 of March, was now on the 11 th of March; by rcaibii whereof fometimes i Full Moons paft between the Eiuif of €ns!dnD« tpinox and Eaftcr, contrary to the Pri- yiiitive Inftitution thereof, which was, that Eipr ftiould alwayes be obferved on the Sunday following the firft full Moon af¬ ter the Verml Equinox, Pope Gregory then having obferved theie inconveniences, re- folved at once to take away lo dayes, and that out of the Moneth of OHober, by cal¬ ling the 5th day thereof the 15th, and that for that year thofe Feftivals which fell in thofeten dayes, which by reafon of the Vin¬ tage time were but few, fliould be celebra¬ ted upon the 15,16, and 17th days of that, Moneth- And that the Equinox might ne¬ ver retrocede for the future,it was then pro¬ vided that every 400 years 3 Biffextite yeirs ihould be left out, that is. In the years 1700, i8«o, and 15100, and fo again in 2100, 2200, and 2300, leaving the year 2006 to have its Bijfexiile, and fo every 400th year. The’ Englifli Nation, as all other States that withdrew themfelves from under the Eilhop of Rome's ufurped Authority, be¬ fore the faid year 1582, except HolUni and ZeiUnd., obferve ftill the antient Ac¬ count made by "fidm C/efiir 43 years before the Birth of Chrift 5 and is therefore cal¬ led the Old Style or ^uliiin Account the other obferved by thofe ftill under the Ro- mij!) Yoke, is called the New Style or Gregorian Account •, and is (by reafon of the aforefaid is dayes taken away ) lo dayes before ours for the beginning of Moneths, and for all fixt Feftivals ,• but various for all Moveable Feftivals. t:()e p^etent State Eijler and the other Teajis in England, are.mod certainly thus found, Skrovc-Tue[diiy is alwayes the firfl; Tuefdiy after the firif Hew Moon after ^iHaiirj,and the Sunday following is ^udragcfimn, and the Sixth Sunday aYter is Euftcr Day, and the Fifth Sunday after Eujrcr is Rogntion Sunday., and the Thmfday following, be. ing 40 dayes after the Refurreftion , is J[ccn[ion-Viy lo dayes after which, or 50 dayes after Eajlcr is Pentecoji or Whitsunday, and the Sunday following is trinity Sunday ; which Computation of the Church of England agrees with all the Eafiern Chriflian*’Churches, for they and we find Eaflcr by the Rules which were generally received by all Crifiendome, An. 2, and ever fince, till 158 2, it was alter-* ed by the Pope, as aforefaid, yet cannot it be denied but that this old Computation is become erroneous; for by our Rules, twoEtfyjerrwillbeobfetved in one year, as in rhe year i66j, and not one Eajler in ano¬ ther year as in 1658, as this Author obfer- ved formerly in his Propofals to the Pat-; Jiament. Advent Sunday hath a peculiar RuleJ and is alwayes the Fourth Sunday before Chrifimafs Pay, or the neareft Sunday to St. Andrews day, whether before or af¬ ter. The year in England according to the Cycles of the Sun and Moon, and according to Almanacks, begins on the Fitft of Ja¬ nuary ; but the Englirti Church and State begins the year from the day of Chrifis 0 f €«glantj* 67 Chrtfti Incurnation ; vi^- oa the j^th of Mitch, which alfo is obfetved in Spdn yet the Portugues ( as in divers Conntreys in Jfrici ) begin their year on the apth of August, the Venetians on the firft of March according to the Epa^, the Grnci- ms on the longeft day, as the old Rormns did on the fhorteft dayj which two laft feem to have moft reafon, as beginning' juft at the Periodical day of the Suns re¬ turn. PhtNminl day confifting of 14 hours, is begun in England at Midnight ■, and counted by ii hours to Midday, and again by 12 hours to next Midnight; whereas in Italy, Bohemia, Polud, and fome other Countryes, their account is from Sun- fetting by 24 of the Clock to the next Sun-fetting, and at Horenberg and Wir- tembcrg in Germany , according to the old Babylonian Account they begin at the firft hour after Sun riling, to count one of the Clock, and fo again at the firft hour af¬ ter Sun-fet. There was a time when thofe Names of Englijb Humber now inufe amongft all civilized Hum- Nations were unknown to them, and pro- bring. bably they then applyed the Fingers of one, and fometimes of both Hands to things whereof they defired to keep ac¬ count ^as is yet done amongft the illi¬ terate Indians) and thence it may be that the Numeral words are but Ten in any Na- , tion, and in fome Nations but Five ; and then they begin again, as after decern, unde~ cm, dmdccm,Sic. Tfie 68 Cfje State The Hebrew and the Greel^s in ftead of Numeral- Words ufed the Letters of their Alphabets, beginning again after the tenth Letter. The Lathes made ufe onely of 7 of their Capital Alphabet, viz. MDCLXVI, all compre: ^ hended in this Figure , and Jail made ufe nf in the fame or- ' der, in the fatall year t666, which never did happen before, nor ever will happen again. The Englijh ( as all the Weftern Chrifti- an World till about 400 years ago) ufed on¬ ly Numeral Words in all Writings; but fince ufe the Figures i, z, &c. which the Chriftians learnt firft of the Maures or Arabs, a.ni-they of the Indians, CHAP, III. of the Government 0/ ENGLAND in general, O F Governments there can be but three Kinds, for either One, or More, or All, mull have the Soveraign Power of a- Nation. If one, then it is a. Monarchy ^ If More (that is j an AlTemblyof Choice Perfons) then it is an Acrifiocracy i If All ( that is, the General Aflfembly of the Peo¬ ple J then it is a Semocraey. of of all Governments the Monarchial, as moft refembling the Divinity^ and near- tft approaching to perfcBion ('Unity being the perfeftion of all thingsj.hatn ever been efteemed the rnoft excellent. ’CuK ctyAjaV "• s/j xorjct- !/&■ (f-Vi _ For the tranfgrejftom of i Land, nmy arc the Frinces or ^Rulers thereof, Prov. 28. 2. Of Monarchies fome are Defpotical, where the Subjefts like Servants are at the Arbitrary Power and Will of their Sove- raign, as the Turlit and Birbirions: O- thers Political or Paternal, where the Subjeds like Children under aPatber, are Governed by equal and juft Laws confent- ed and Sworn unto by the King j as is done by all Chriftian Princes at their Coronati* ons. Of Paternal Monarchies, fome are Be- wi/wry, where the Crown defeends either only to Heirs Male, as in prance, hath been long praftifed; or to next of Blood, as in Spain, England , See. Others EleBive , where upon the death of every Prince, without r^fpeft had to the Heirs or next of Blood, an other by Solemn Eleftion is apr pointed to fucceed,as in Poland and Hunga¬ ry and till of late in Denm irli and Bohemia. Of Hereditary Paternall Monarchies, fome are dependent and holdenof Earthly Potentates, and are obliged to do homage for Cfte p^efent @tate for the fame j as the Kingdoms of Scotkni (though this be ftifiy denied by Scotch Wri¬ ters ) and of Mari} that held in Capire of the Crown of England} and the Kingdom of Naples, holdenof thePopej others in¬ dependent, holden only of Godj acknow¬ ledging no other Superiour upon Earth. England is an Hereditary Faternal Mo¬ narchy, governed by one Supreme, Indepen¬ dent, znilindepofible Hwrfj according to the known Laws and Cuftoms of the King¬ dom. It is a Free Monarchy, challenging above many other European Kingdoms, a freedom from all fubjeftion to the Etnpe- r our or Laws of the Empire-, for that the Roman Emperours obtaining antiently the Dominion of.this Land by force of Arms- and afterwards abandoning the fame, the Right by the Law of Nations returned to the former Owners pro diretiUO}tLS Civi¬ lians fpeah. Iris a Monarchy free from all manner of Subjeftion to the Bijhop of Rome, and thereby from divers inconveniences and burdens, under which the neighbouring Kingdomes groan: as Appeals to Rome in fundry Ecclejtijlical Suits, Froviftons, and Difpenfations, in feveral cafes to be procu¬ red from thence; many Tributes and Taxes paid to that Biihop, &c. It is a. Monarchy freefiom aWinterreg- mm, and with it from many mifehiefs whereunto Eleftive Kingdoms are fubjeft. England is fuch a Monarchy, as that, by the neceffary fubordinate Concurrence of the the Lords and Commons in the making and repealing all Statutes or Aftsof Parlia¬ ment, it hath the main advantages of an Jfijiocrticy and of a 'Democracy, and yet free from the difadvantages and evils of eithei-. It is fuch a Monarchy,as by a moft admi¬ rable temperament affords very much to the Induftry, Liberty, and Hippinefs of the Subjeft, and refet ves enough for the Maje- fty and Prerogative of any King that will own his People as Subjefts, not as Slaves. it is a Kingdom, that of all the King¬ doms of the World is moft like the King¬ dom of ^efas Cf'riji', whofe yoke is eafie, whofe burden u light. It is a Monarchy that without interrup¬ tion hath been continued almofl: looo years, f and till of late) without any at¬ tempts of change of that Government: fo that to this fort of Government the Engli/h feem to be naturally inclined^ and therefore during the late Bouleverfations or over¬ turnings, when all the Art that the Devil or Man could imagine.was induftrioufly made ufe of to change this Monarchy into a De¬ mocracy , this Kingdom into a Com-mon- wealth, the moft and the beft of Engliih men, the general Spirit and Genius of the Nation (not fo much the Presbyterian or Royalift) by mighty, though invilible, in¬ fluence, concurred at once tor^ftore their exiled Soveraign, and re-eftablilhi that an- tient Government. CHAP. p^eCent ^tate CHAP. IV. Of the KING of ENGLAND, ^ therehofhi^ Nme, Title, Arms, ' J)ominions, Patrimonj, Revenue, am Strength: Of hit ^ Perfon, Office PoVcer, Prerogative, Supremacj Soveraigntjy Divinity, and Refpefi Nme ' 'T' He KiH from the Sam ..:»u Avpru Snvpraipn Knowledge, wherewith every Soveraign '^{^Idefpeciallybe invefted. The title antiently of the Saxon King Edzar was Anglorum Bafilem ^ ^ominn .Zmr Mariul viz. the Bnuf, Germn jrilh, ^iniVeucaledontan Seas; andlome times Anglorum Bafdem mmumiuc Re pum, Mularum, Oceanique Bntannian armnjicentis, cun^arumque Hationum ^u£ infra earn includuntur, Jmperatordf Vominttt. , n r)« The Modem Title more modeft, is, m The Modem iicicmui^. - Gratia o( England, Scotland, France and IrelandFiing, i)efendcr of the The King onely is Vet Gratia^mpiYV-e^ from the favour of none but God; and the Areh-bifhops and Bifliops, to Title isgiven, muftunderftand, tr Regis, or ^ voluntate Regis. pdea- Defender of the Faith, wasMIeiltly uted by the Kings of Ettgluadj as appears by feveral Chartm granted to the Uni> verfity of Oxford, but in the year lyzi moreaflixt by a BuU from Pope Leo the Tenth for a '^ook written by Henry the Eighth agamft L«tkr,in defence of fome points of the Romi/h Religion; but fince continued by Aft of ParUament for de- fiSfjh' and Apofio,, Primogenitus Ecclefix belongs to the Kings of England , becaule their Prede- ceflor L«e/™s the firftKing in the wor ld that embraced Chnftianity. Chrifti&nijfmm was by the Utenn Coun- ei/under Pope the 2d, conferred on the Kings of the yth year of ffwy the 8th though before ufed by Hc»- i King ^ th/i' g^ven to the King about the time of H 4 to H Wigh^ Pnnce , to Hen. 8. firft Highnefs henMajefly and now Sacred Majefly, after the Cuftom of the Eaftern Emperors' that ufed AyU V,«?/A5iV, The King of England in his Publick In- Sniments and Letters, fliJes himfelf Nos' JTe in the Plural Number j before King ^ns time^ the Kmgs ufed the Singula? Number, which Cuftom is Hill feen in the :ndot Writs, Tefte me ipfo apud Weft. In fpeaking to the King is ufed often fi. ‘ . fbe- 74 Arms, ®Ije p?ttcnt State (belides T.w Greek Kve an Abbreviation of and Kue/O- 'Domims , much uftd to the Greek Empetour. •, but or pomine is rtow inEne^mt become the ordinary word w all of better rank, even from the King to the Gentleman.lt tvas antientiy in Eng- ii«t/ sivento Lords, afterwards tolvn^fjti, prefist betoretheirCh^ Ilian Names •, now in that manner only t B^Tncts:.^-^i linighls.oftbc B.tb, Knights B.ukclours ; yet in FriJnce Sn or Syie, is referved only for their King. ^ Aboutthetime that our Saviour lived on Earth, there wasa jewilhSeft,w.,oie Rmg- Ser^sone^ndil^of GMcc, mention- Ia 4 S{s< 17 , that would not give thisTi- tidsir orVominm to any man ; aftirm- ing ihat it was proper only to God, and flood (not unlike ourNewEanancks, cal- led Qu,tiers) fo pcrverfely for fuch No- minalliberty (being in other points mee Bb.rifces) that no penalties could torce them to give this Honorary Title to any man, no not to the Emperour : ulivid^ re ejtapud^^fcphttm & altos. Scd hoc ebitcr. Arms are Enfignsof Honour born in . Sl?ield for diftinaion of Families, and def- cendable as hereditary to Poftenty ; bu Vere not fixed Fruace till after the Wars intheHo/j'-.f-i«^ about 400 years ago, unlefs it were m Kings of Eurofc. 7? itir enslanl;. The Smn Kings before the Cohqueft bare A^ure a Groffe Somy between four M.Artlets'Or, Afterward the PaniJb Kings Raigning in EngUnd bare Or Semi de Hms Gulesg 3 Lyons Fajfant Gnrdant Aiwe. After the Conqueft the Kings of Eng. land bare two Leopards, born firft by the Conquerour as Duke of Normandy, till the time of Henry the Second, who in right of his Mother annext her Paternal Coat,the Lyon of Aquitaine, which being of the fame Field, Metil, and form with the Leopards, from thenceforward they were joyntly Marftialled in one Shield, and BjU- ^loned 3 Lyons, as at prefent. King Edward the Third in right of his Mother claiming the Crown of France,, with the Arms of England quartered the Arms of France, which then were Semy Florocr-ieliices Or : afterwards changed to 3 Flower-dcluccs: whereupon Henry the Fifth of England caulcd the En. glijh Arms to be changed likewife; King jimexupon the Union of England and Scot¬ land, caufed the Arms of France nuAEng. land to be quartered with Scotland and Ireland, cinA are thus blazoned ; The King oi England beareth for his Soveraign Enfigns Armorial as folJow- eth: Inthelirll: place Axure, 3 Flower-dclu- cesOr-, for the Regal Atmi of France quartered with the Imperial Enfigns o{ England, which are Gules three Lyons Paf. fani GxrdMt in Pale Or, In the fecond E % place. 7 S piefent State ■placCj within a double Trclfure counter-^ ^ fiorvcred dc lys Or, a Lyon rmpm Gules - for the Royil Amies of ScotUnd. In the • .third place, Aync an Irifi Harp Or, firing- ed Argent, for the Royal Enfigns of Ireland. : In the fourth place as in the fir ft, All with- , ; in the Garter, the chief Enfign of that |. .moft Honourable Order, above the fame ^ an Helmet anfwerable to His Majefties Soveraign Jurisdiftion 5 upon the lame a rich Mantle of Cloth of Gold doubled Er- ^ min, adorned with an Imperial Crown, and s liirraounted for a Creft by a Lyon Pajjant | •Gardant Crowned with the lihe; fupported is by a Lyon Rampant Gardan Or, Crowned ij as the former, and an Unicorn ArgentGor- j ^ed, with a Crown thereto a Chain ziiixt, r Dafllnp between his fore legs and reflext over his back Or j both ftanding upon a Compartment placed underneath , and in she Table of the Compartment His Maje- flies Royal Motto, Dieu & mon Droit. ; The Supporters ufed before the Union of England and Scotland were the Dragon ^^Th^e Trms of Prance placed firft, for that France is the greater Kingdom, and becaufe from the firll bearing,thofe Flow¬ ers have beenalwayes Enfigns oI a King¬ dom ; whereas the Arms of England were originally oi Duke domes as aforefaid, and probably becaufe thereby the French might be the more cafily induced to acknowledge theEnglijh Title. The Motto upon the Garter, Horn jott ^ui ^al y ) that is; be to him th.it evil thereof thinketih was firft riven by Kdvird the Third, thePounder of that Order, who at firft made a folemn In¬ vitation to the moft Illnftrious Martial Perfons of Europe to be of this new Or¬ der, and that none might believe his defigti> therein was any other than juft and honou¬ rable, he caufed thofe words to be wrought in every Garter that he beftowed ; whereoF more in the Chapter ol Knights of the Gar¬ ter. The Motto T>ieu&monproit, that is-,\ God and my Right, was firft given by Ri¬ chard tbeEtrli, to intimate, that the King of EngUnd holdeth his Empire not in Vaf- fallage of any mortal mani but of God' only; and afterward taken up by Edward the Third, when he firft claimed the King¬ dom of Ermve. The device of the ?m- cuUU of a Caftle yetto be feen in many places was the Badge or Cognizance of the Bciuforts Sons ot^abn of Guunt Duke of Ldncafler, becaufe they were born at hiss Caftle of Bmfort'mFnnce, The Antient dominions of the Kings of Ingknd, were firft England and all the Seas round about Great Britain and Ire- kndy and all the IJlesadjaccnty even to the Shores of all the Neighbour-Nations; and our Law faith the Seals of the Liegeance of the King, as well as the Litsd; and as a mark thereof, all Ships of Foreigners have antiently demanded leave to Filh, and pafs in thefe Seas,- and do at this day Lower Domini^ onsi. jB J 3 |e(ent %tm War; and therefore children born upon thofe Seas (as jt fometimes hath happen¬ ed) are accounted natural born Subjefts | of the Ring of England, need noNa- turilazatioiij as others born out of his Do- i; minions. t To England, Hew;' the 'Fii ft annext Nor^ , tnandy, and Henry the Second Ireland, be- ;; ing ftiled only lord of Ireland tiU H. SI ’ although they had all Kingly Jurifdiftion v before. Henry the Second .alfo annext the Duke- ji domes of Guien' &ni Anjou, the Counties fe of Foiclou, Turein, and Mayn. Edward I the Firji nil JViiles, and Edward the Third I the Right, though notthe pofieffion of all I France, ' | Ring ^ames added ScotUnd, and fince that time there have beenJuper-added' fuudry confiderable Plantations in Amc-, rka. The Dominions of the King.of England are at this day in polTeflion ( befides his Juft Right and Title to the Kingdom of France) all England, Scotland, and Ire¬ land , three Kingdoms of large extent, with ail the Ifles about it, above 40 in number fmall and great} whereof forae very confiderable^ and all the Seas adja¬ cent. Moreover the Iflands of ^erfey , Garnfey, Alderny, and Sarl^, which arej Parcel of the Dutchy of Hormaridy ; be- j fides thofe profitable Plantations of New-[ England, Virginia, Barbados, famaica,\ Florida, Bermudas, Mcw-Neatherlands , ivithfeverai other Hies and Places in thofe C^urters, of CnglanD* 79 Quarters j and fome in the Eafi Indies and upon the Coaft of Jfrici ; alfo upon the North-parts of America-, by right of 'irrft difcovery to Ejioitland, Terra Cor- terialic, Hcve-f^ni lsnd, and .to Guia¬ na in the South j the King oi England hath a Legal Right j though not Poffeirr- on. King iVllliam the Conquerour getting by PatrK right of Conqueft ail the Lands of Eng-many.^ land(except lands belonging to the Churchy to Monafteries,and Religious Houles) into his own hands in Pcmefne,as Lawyers ipeak> foon bellowed amonglh his Subjefts a great part thereof, referving fonre Retribution of Rents and Services, or both, tohitn and his Heirs Kings of England-, which refervatioti is nowj as it was before thcConqueft, called the Tenure of Lands^ the reft he referved to himfelf in Pe'meffie > called Corona Regis Dominica, Pomaines, and Sacra Patrimonia , Pradium Domini Re¬ gis , DircHum Dominium , cu]u& nulltis eft Author nifi Dent: all other Lands in England being held now of fotne Superi- our, and depend mediately or immedi¬ ately on the Crown j but the Lands pof-i fed by the Crown, being held of none,^. can efcheat to none; being Sacred, can- v not become Prophane , are or lliould be ^ permanent and inalienable. And yet they have been (by Time, the Gift and Bounty of our Kings, and fome Necelfities for the prefer ration of the Weal Publick .y Hiuca alienated. However there is yet E 4 Isfe 8o Ctie pieCent State left, or was lately, almoft in every Conn- ty of EngUnd a Fonji, aP^r^ _a Ca/?/f, or Royal Palace belonging to the King; and in divers Counties there are many Par^r, Ciiftles, ov PaUces 3 nd Forefis Ml belonging to His Majefty, for to receive and divert Him when He fliall pleafe ia His Royal Progreffes to Vilit thofe Parts j A Grandeur not to be parallel’d perhaps by any King in the World. I^evsnucs certain .Revenuesoi the Kings of England were antiently greater than of any King in Europe, they enjoying in Domains and Fee-Parm Rents, almoft enough to dif- charge all the Ordinary expences of the Crown , without any Taxor Impoft upon the Subjed. Upon the happy Reftauration of our prclent King, the Lord and Commons af- Rmbled in Parliament finding the Crown Revenues much alienated , and the Crown Charges exceedingly encreafed by reafonof the late vaft augmentation of the Reve¬ nues and Strength by Sea and Land of our two next Neighbour-Nations abroad, and of the many Faflious, Mutinous and Re¬ bellious fpirifs at home, did unanimoufty conclude that for the Peace and Security , for the Wealth and Honour of the King and Kingdom , it would be neceflary to fettle upon His Majefty a yearly Revenue «f Twelve hundred thoufand Pounds •, and accordingly with the Kings Confent, at the humble Requeft of the Lords and Commons, there was eftabliflrt by Im- ofCnglanD* pcfts upon Imported and Exported GoodsJ, upon Liquors drank in England, and upon; Fire-Hearthsfo much as was judged: would bring up the former impaired'; Crown Revenues to thefaid fiunm. Not-, withflanding which^the whole yearly. Re-- venues of the King of England are not'- abqve the Twelfth part of the Revenues of: His Kingdom ; whereas the King of France hath yearly above One hundred'and' fifty.' Millions of Livers, that is, about- Eleven nnllionsof Pounds Sterling, and above a Fifth part of the whole Revenues of FrartcCo. And the Publick Revenues of the United' Hetherlanis coming all out of the Subjefts - Pnrfes, are near Seven Millions of pounds Sterling. If this Revenue of our King be truly paid: to the King, and brought into the Kings Exchequer (that great Sea, whereinto fo> many Rivers and Rivolets empty them- fetves, and from whence are exhaled by: the Sim thofe kind vapors, wherewith' it: watereth this whole Land, and whereby aili His Majefties Land and Sea Forces (by,- whofe vigilancy. we fleep quietly in our Beds) are maintained 5 and whereby do< fubfilt thefcvcral Courts of the King and; Royal Family (by which the Honour and? Splendor of this Nation is preferved) the; feveral AmbalTadors abroad , Great OfS.- cers of the Crown, and Judges at home;, ) If this Revenue be truly paid, andi brought into the Exchequerj it is fore that? ' in all Europe there is no one Treafiiry, thatc with, kfs deeeit , or. lefs charge of.Ofiii- . E - f ;. '■ ■ jerss, 8i C6e piefimt ! ceirs proportionably doth re-imburfe the' fame. It was complained by H. 4 - of F rince I les defpens que faifoyent les Officiers de I' E[piirgne montoyent a plus que li taiU U-, That the Charges of the Exchequer Officers exceeded the Income j and that f there were then Thirty thoufand Officers to f colleft and wait on the Revenues: whereas , there cannot be any other juft complaint in Englind , but only that the necellary Charges of the Crown are of late fo great, that the Kings fetled Revenue cannot de¬ fray them'j and yet too many of His Sub- ' )efts grudge to nave thofe Revenues aug¬ mented , looking upon every little pay¬ ment through a Magnifying-Glafs, where¬ by it appears a great Grievance, and' ne¬ ver making ufe of thofe Profpedive Glaf- fes (.Moral and Civil Science ) whereby | they might fee afar off the Calamity that is : coming on like an armed man, and can- > not'without fuch payments be prevent- ed.- The King, of Engknd^s Revenues were | aever raifed by any of thofe fordid bafe Wayes ufed in other Countries , as by file [ of Honours, fale of Magiftraeies, fale ' of Offices of Juftice and Law, by Mer- , chaudifing,, by a General Impoft upon ait manner of Viftuals and Clothes, by F«- enos feeds, or Impoft upon all Goods at the •entrance into any Inland County, or In¬ land City’, bvPenflons from Confederates, 31 pon pretence of Proteftion, &c. Sut the Reveaues of the King of Eng’ Uni. conSft either in Demeffies,.(as/afore:) or in Lands belonging, to the Prine.ipalli- ty of Wales) Dutehy of ComwM.i and Dutchyof Liincajler; in Teiitlis-and Firft,- Friiits, in Reliefs, Fines, Ajmer-cements 3, and Confifcations ; but more efpecially of late in thofe few Impofts afoEe-men- tioned. The mightyc power of the King-of Si^eng^ before the Conjunaion q( Saotland, and total ful>jeftion of Ireland, v/hich v/ere ufually at enmity with him> was no- torioufly known to the World, and fuffi- ciently felt by our Neighbour-Nations-?: What his Strength hath been fince-, was never fully triad by King ^ames or King- Charles the Firft, their Parliaaients and People having upon all oecalions been re- fraflory , and thwarting thofe Good Kings defigns; but now,, that the Parli-aw laents of all the Three Kingdoms fecm. to> vie which fliall. more readily comply with' their Soveraign’s Defires and Defigns, it- is not eafie to comprehend what mighty things His Majefty now raigning might attempt and effeft. But let him be coH^ filiered abftraftly , as King only of Eng¬ land, which is like a huge Fortrefs ot Garrifoned Town , fenced not only witii/ firong Works, her . Port Towns wi'th a wide and deep Ditch the Sea, but guard¬ ed alfo with excellent Out-Wovks, the flrongeft and bed built Ships of War in? the World i then fo abundantly furnifhi;- »khiaw:k]a MeaaadBorfe, withVi&iali; $4 ^ 6 ^ and Ammunition, with Clothes andMh- ney, that if all the Potentates ©f Europe ftiould confpire f" which God forbid ) they (Tould hardly diltrefs it; Her home-bred Wares are [undent ta maintain her, and nothing but her home-bred Wars enough to deftroyher. . , . This for the Defenfive flrength of tWe Xing of England, now for his Offenfive Pijjffance, how formidable mufthebe to the World, when they lhall underftand that the King of England is well able, when ever he is willing, to raileof Englilh Men Two hundred thoufand, and of Englilh Eorfe Fifty thoufand ('for fo many during the late Rebellion, were computed to be in, Arms on both fides) yet (which is admirable ) fcarce any mifs of them in any City, Town or Village5 and when they fliall confider that the valiant and martial Spirit of the Englilh : their na¬ tural agility of Bodyj their patience, har- (diiKfs, and fledfaftnefs is (uch , and their fear of death fo little, that no Neighbour- Nation upon equal Number and Terms fcarce durft ever- abide Battel with them either at- Sea or at Land : whfen they lhall confider , that for tranlporiiBg cf an Ar- saj) the King of England hath at com¬ mand too excellent Ships of War, and can hire too flout Englilh Merchant Ships, lit-- tie inferiour to Ships of War 5 that he can foon. Man the fame with the bell Sea'-fol- diers (if not the beft Mariners ) in the whole World, And that for maintaining fttch.aimighiy Fket fuffickat money fora sompetenP^ of €nglanl)» time may be raifed only by a. land Taxe, and for a long time by a mo¬ derate Excife upon fuch Commodities only as naturally occafion Excefs or Luxuryj Wantonnefsj Idlenefsj Pride, or corruption of Mannersj In a word, when tbey ftall conlider, that, by the moft commodious and advantageous Scituation of England., the King thereof mull ba Mailer of the Sea, and that as on Land , whofoever is Mailer of the Field 5 is faid to be alfo Mailer of every, Townwhen itlhall pleafe him ; fo he that is Mailer of the Sea, may be faid infome fort to be Mailer of every Country, at Icaft. bordering upon the Sea, for he is at liberty to begin or end a War, where, when, and upon what Termes he pleafeth, and to ex¬ tend his Conquefts even to the Oder, Kex Mgliit eft perfonit mixta cumSa- Perfotti cerdote, fay our Lawyers. He is a Prieft' as well as a King. He is anointed.with Oyle as the Priells were at firll, and afterward the Kings of. Jfrael, to intimate that his Perlon is Sa¬ cred and Spiritual .* and therefore at the Coronation hath put upon him a Sacerdo¬ tal Garment called the J)almatica^ or Colo- hUm, and other Priellly Veits j and be¬ fore the Reformation of England , when the Cup in the Lords Supper was denied ta the Laity, the King as a Spiritual Perfon received in both Kinds: He is capable of • Spiritual furifdiHion , of holding of T^thcf I all EatrdrPmsfiUl Tjthcs, feme. &7 Proxies , and other Spiritual Profits be: long to the Ring, of which Lay-men both by Common and Canon Law are pronoutt'- ced uncapable. He is an Extern.ilBiJbop oi- the Church, isConlliintine the Emperor hid of him- felf, ’£2«) r ray lit 70 vct © 5? yd.-iim/A' ©' ’'E'mrAo^Q- et'v iiyji But I m confim. ted Bijfiop for extcrml things of the Cbnrcb. Rex idem hcminum Fkabique Sicerdos He is, as the Roman Emperors, Chri- fiian as well as Heathen, Ailed themfelves, Pontifex M.tx. He is the Supreme of Englxnd, and hath not only Right of EcclefiaA'ical Government , but alfo of exercifing feme EcclefiaAical Fu.nftion , fo far as Solomon did , i Things 8. when he blefl'ed the People , Conlecnted the Tem¬ ple, and pronounced that Prayer which is the Pattern now for Confecration of ail Churches and Chappelsj but all the Mi- niAerhl Offices are left to the Bifh. ps and Priefis, as the AdminiAration of Sacra¬ ments, Preaching, and other Church Of¬ fices and rymies. Of this Sieved Pesfon of the King , of the Lf/e and 5'.. fey thereof, the Laws and CuAoms of Engknd are fo tender, that they have made it High-Trenfon , onely to imagine or intend the death of the King, And becaufe by imagining or cnnfpiring the death of the Kings Councellors or great Of¬ ficers of his HouAiold , the defiruiSion of the King hath thereby fometimes enfued , andisufuallyaimpdat ffaith. 7.>tha£ f.) thatfalfo wav made P'elony > tw^Be pu;- ffiftit with'death, aitHoughin all other Ca¬ fes Capital the Rule is V.lurtUf non- reprf- ubitur pYo fiffo , and an BngHfll Man may not in other Cafes be punilht with deathj unlefs the Aft follow the intent. The Law of England hath fo high elteem' of the Kings Perfon, that to offend againft th'ofePer/()»j and thofe things that reprefent his Sacred Perfon, as to Kill fome of the Crown Officers, or to the Kings fudges executing their Office, or to couir- terfeitthe Kings Seals, or his Moneys, is made High-Treafjn i becaufe by all thefe the Kings Perfon is reprefented : and Hig!)'- Treafon is in the Eye of the Lawfo horrid, thatbefides lofs of Life and Honour, Real and Perfonal Edate of the Criminal, his Heirs alfo are to lofr the fame for ever, and to be ranked amongft the Peafantry and Ignoble j till the Ring ffiall pleafeio reftorethem, Eji enim tam graue crimen (faith Braffon) wt vix permittatur hcere- iihut quod vivant. High Treafon is fo grievous a Crime, that the Law not con-- tent with the Life and Ellrate and Honour of the Criminal, can hardly endure tofee his Heirs furvive him. And rather than Treafon againftthe Ringfe Perfon fhall gp unpunifht, the Innocent in fome Cafes fhall be punifhed j for if an Idiot or Lunatick (who cannot be faid to have any will, and fo cannot offend ) during his Idiocy or Lunacy , fliall Kill, or go about to Kill the King ,' he iball be puni^ as a Traytor j and yet being Hon compos mentk 8t ©lie pittent State mntiti the Law holds that he cannot com? mit Felony or Petit-Treafon nor other forts of High-Treafoiio Moreover, for the precious regard of the Perfon of the V^ing , by an Antient Record it is declared, that no Pbyficli ought to be adminiftred to him, without good War¬ rant, this Warrant to be figned by the Ad¬ vice of his Council j no other Phyfick but what is mentioneddn the Warrant to Admi- nlfter to him j the Phyfitim to prepare all rijings with their own hands , and not by, the hands of any Apotheary ; and to ufe. theaffiftance only of luch Chirurgeons as are prefcribed in the Warrant. And fo precious is the Perfon and Life of the King , that every Sabjeft is obliged and hound by his Allegiance to defend his Per¬ fon in his HitiinL as well as Politicli Ca- ' pacity,with his own Life and Lfwixjwhere- j fore the Law faith, that the Life and Mem^ \ her of every SubjeH is at the Service of ^ the Severdign. He is‘Purer PatrU J J>uke eritpro Patre Pdtrits »iori,tolofe Life or Limb in defending him from Con- fpiracies, Rebellions , or Invafions, or aflUfing him in the Execution of his Laws, fhould feem a pleafant thing to every Loyal hearted Subjeft, ^§sel. The Office of the l{ing of England in- the Laws of King Edmrd the Confclfenr jsthus deferibed 5 Kex quia Picariut fum~ miRegifcfty ad hoc cenjlitumr ut Reg~ num terrenum populum Domini &fuper ftmU SanHm. Ecclefiin ejus venemur ngat:. of Cnglanb^ 8 ^ ftgut if ib injuriofts dcfenht ; and (ac¬ cording to the Learned Fortefcue) is, fugnm belli poptili fui if eos rcUijJttne judiare. To fight the Battles of his Peo¬ ple, and to fee Right and Juflifce done unto them. , . Or ('accordingtoanother) itis.topro- teft and govern his People, fothat they may (if polTible) lead quiet and peacea¬ ble lives in all Godlinefs and Honefly un- derhim. Or more particular (as ispromifed at the Coronation J to preferve the Rights and Priviledges of the Church and Cler- e r, the Royil Prengitives belonging to th# rown, the Laws and CuHomes of the Realm, todo Juflice, fhew Mercy, kep Peace and Unity, ifc. The King for the better performance Pfljjjep of this great and weighty Office, hath'and Pre- certain ^ura. Majefiatis, extraordinary Powers, Preeminences, ^nd Priviledges, inherent in the Crown, balled antiently hv tawers Sicn Sicrmum, and Flowers tf tbc Crow??,but commonly Royal Prere~ gnivesi whereof fomc the King holds by the Law of Nations, other by Common law, (excellent above all Laws in uphol- iing a free Monarchy , and exalting the Icings Prerogative) and lomeby Statute- Law. The King only, and the King alone, by dis Royal Prerogative, hath Power with- 'ut Aft of Parliament to declare fPdr.m^e ’wfCj fend and receive Ambaffadam^: 90 . pieCent ^tate mike Leagues and any Fo¬ reign States, give Cmmijfms tot kyy. ing Me?2and Anns by Sea and Land , or for prelTing Men if need require ; difpofe of all , Ammunition', Cajtles, Fortrcics^ Forts, Havens , Ships of and Publick Honeys-y appoint the Meul, Weight, Purity , and Value thereof, and by his Proclamation make any Forreign t’fiyn to be lawful Money of England. By his Royal Prerogative may of his meet Will and Pleafuie convoke, A.^ourn, Prorogue, Remove and di&lye Paiiia- ments, may to any BiU paffe_d by both Houfes of Parliament , refufe to give (without rendring any reafon Hjs Rjy. alJlfenty without which, a B/Ii isasa Body without a Soul. May at his pleafurq encreafethe Number of the Members ol both Houles, by creating more Barons, and bellowing upon any other Towns to fend Burgejfes to Parharnm. May call to Parliament by Writ whom he in His Princely Wifdom thinketh fit, and may refufe to fend His Writ to fome others that have fate in former Parlia¬ ments. Hath alone the choice and nominati¬ on of of all Commanders and other Omceri at Land and Sea*, the choice and nominati¬ on of alU/ig/^rUter , Councellors , and Cheers oP State , of all Bijbops:, ando-| ther High Vignities in the Church, the, bellowing of all Honours both of higher and of lower Nobility of England Power of determining Kemrds and P«' nifiments. By h,h Letters Patent may ereft new Counties, Universities, Cities, Burroughs , Colledges, H'0[pitals, Schools, Fairs,MAr- lielS) Courtsot^ufiice 3 Forefis, Chafes 3 Frce-lViirrens, i^rc. The King by His Prerogative hatb Pow¬ er to enfranchise an Alien' and make him a Denifon, whereby he is enabled to pur- chafe Houfes and Lands, and to bear lorae OiEces. Hath power to grant Let¬ ters of Mart or Reprifal, to grant fafe, Condu^s, &c. The King by His Prerogative hath had at all times the Right of Purveyme 01 Pre-emption of M forts ofViiftuais near the Court, and to t^Ve Horfes,Carts, Boats, Ships, for his Carriages at reafonable Rates; alfo by Proclamation to fet reafo- ■ nable Rates and Prices upon Flcfl) , Pijh i Fotvl,, Oats,.Hay, &c. which; Kis Maje- lly now Raigning was pleafed to releafe, and in lieu thereof, to accept of fome 0- thcr recompencee. Pehts due to the King', are in the firft place to be fatisfied in cafe of Excecu^- torfsip Aud Adminifintorjhip s and untill the Kings Debt be fatisfied, he may pro- te&the Pebtor from the of other Creditors. May diftrain for the whole Rent upon one Tenant that holdeth not the whole Land* may require the Debt of the Heir, though not efpecially bound-, is not obliged to demand his Rent as o- thers are. May fue in what Court he pleafe, and deilrain where helift. $?2 p^eCent State No Pioclamation can be made bat bjr the King. No Protedlion for a Defendant to be hept ofF from a Suit, but b)r him , and that becaufe he is aftually in his Ser¬ vice. He only can give Pitents j in cafe of Ioffes by Fire or otherwife, to 'receive the , Charitable Benevolences of the People; without which no man may ask it pub- iickly. No Foreft, Chafe, or Park to be made, nor Caftle to be built, without the Kings Authority. The faleof his Goods in an open Mar¬ ket will not take away his property there¬ in. Where the King hath granted a Fair with Toll to be paid, yet his Goods there fliall be exempted from all Toll. No occupancy lhall be good againft the King, nor ftiall Entry before him pre¬ judice him. His Servants in ordinary are priviledg- edfrom ferving in any Offices that require their attendance, as Sheriff, Confiablc, Churchwarden, 8 cc. All Receivers of Moneys fortheKingJ or Accomptants to him for any of his Revenues, their Perfons Lands, Goods, Heirs, Executors, Administrators, are chargeable for the fame a*- all times, for. Nullum temput occurrit Regi. His Debtor hath a kind of Prerogative remedy by a ^o minus in the Exchequer againft all other Debtors, or againft' whom of €nglan0. whom they have any caufe of Perfonal Action j fuppofing that he is thereby difa^, bled to pay the King; aiidin this Suit the Kings Debtor being Plaintiff, hath feme Piiviledges above others. In Doubtful Cafes , Semper prafumitur pro Kege. * No Statute reftraineth the Kingi ex¬ cept he be efpecially named therein. The quality of his Perfon alters the defeent of Gavelliind , the Rules of foynt Te¬ nancy ; no Ejloppel can bind him j nor judgement final in a Writ of Right, Judgements entred againft the Kings Title,are entred with a Salvo ^ure Domini Rcgii, That if at any time the Kings Council at Law can make out his Title, better •, that Judgement lhall not prejudice him, which is not permitted to theSub- The King by His Prerogative might have demanded reafonable Aid-Money of His Subjefts to Knight Hiseldeft Son at the age of Fifteen, and to Marry Hiseldeft Daughter attheage of Seven years; Which reafonable Aid is Twenty /hillings for e- very Knights Fee, and as much for every Twenty pound a year in Soccige. More¬ over , if the King be taken PrifonerjAid- Money is to be paid by the Subjefts to fet Him at liberty. The King upon reafonable caufes, Him thereunto moving , miy protecl any Man againft Suit,s .at Law, &c- In ail Cafes where the King is party,Vils Officers with .tn Arreflhyiotcs of aPro- cefs 9 $ f piefent ©tate cefs at Law, may enter (anA if entrance be denied) may break open the Houfe of any Man, although every Mans Houle is raid to behisCalle, and hath a pnviledgc to proteft him againft all other Arrefts. A Benefice or (piritual Living.is not/«//a. gainft the King by Jnfimnon only, wi^out IndHffiousalthough it be fo None but the King can hold plea of falfe Judgements in the Court of his Tenants. TheKingofE»g/^>iiby Hts/reroga- tiveis Simnm 'Regni Cuftos,zuA kath the cuftodyof the Perfonsand Eftatesoffuch as for want of underftanding/annot govern themfelves or ferve the King; fo the Perfons andEflatesoffrfeorr and LuMticksziz in the cuftodyof the King, thatof Weotrto his own ufc, and that ■ ufeof the next Heir. So the Cuft«dy °r Wardlbips of allfnch Infants 'vhofe An- ceftors held their Lands by Tenure in Cpne or Knight-fervice, were ever fince the Con- rtiie'ft in the Kings of England, to the great honor and benefit of the Ki ng Km|d°m; though feme abufts madefome of the p.o- nle out of love with their good , and th. of that part of His yuft Prerogauve ‘’The Kin-by His Prerogative is Ultmvs Hms KegniJ^r^i is T^s theGre.t Oee.« k of all Rivers) the KeceptAcle oi zA Eftates when no Heir ^ caufe all Eftates for want of ’ ° ’'J . forfeiture, Revert or Efcheat to the Kng. All Spiritual Benefices lor want of tationVtheBiftiop , arelapfedat laft to .he All Tm!m-Ttm 95 of iSttglanD* UoMy, Gold,' Silver, Plate , or Bullion, found (and the owners unknown) belongs totheKing-, fo all Wayfs,Strays, Wreclis, not granted away by Him ^ or any former Kings; all Wajie Ground or Land recovered from the Sea-, all Lands Aliens ■ dymg hAore Maturilaxation or Denization, and all things whereof the property is not known. All Gold and Silver Mines, in whofe Ground tbever they are fouud. Roy'. clFifics, Whales, Sturgeons, Volphks, (f(. Roy.il Fowl, 3.S Swans, not markt and iwrmmirig at Liberty on the River, belong to the Kii '.g. In tlte ck f/.'jthe Kings Prerogative and Power is extraordinary great. He onely hath t\\e Patronage of all Biflaopricl^s. none can be chofen but by'His Co«ge d’Ejlire, whom He hath firftNominated; none can heconfecratedBlfhop, or take pofl'effionof the Revenues of the Bifhoprick, without the Kings fpecial Writ or Affent. He is the Guardian or Hurfmg Father ofthe Church, which our Kings of England did fo reckon amongft their principal cares, as in the Three and twentieth year of King Edward. the Firft, it was alledged ina pleading, and allowed. The King hath Power to call a National or Provincial Synod, and with the advice and confent thereof, to make Canons,Orders, Ordinances , and Conftitu- tions, 'to introduce into the Church what Ceremonies He ftiall think fit • reform and correcl all Hereftes, Schifms, punifh Con- tempts, and therein , and thereby to declare what Doftrinesin the Church, are it p^efent ®tate fit to be publiftied or profefl'ed,What THri(- Ution of the Bible to be allowed; what Boolis of the Bible are Canonical y mi what Apocryphal, &’c. The King hath a Power, not onely to unite, conYolidate, feparate, enlarge,or contraft tht Limits of any old BiJI}opru\, or other Ecclefiafiical Benefice-, but alfo by His Letters Patents, may ereft new Biflopricks j as Henry the Eigth did fix at one time ; and the late King Chales the Martyr intended to do at S, Albans, for the honor of the Firfi Martyr o{England, and for Contiafting the too large extent of the Bifhoprickof Lincoln, may alfo ereft new ArchbilbopricksjPatriarchats, tir’e. In the Twenty eighth of Eli^abetbjVrhea the Houfe of Commons would have pafled Bills touching Bilhops granting FitCK/tiej, conferring Holy Orders, Eccleftaflicd Cen- fmr, the Oath Ex Ofiicio, NonRefidency, (fc. The Queen much incenfed , forbad them to meddle in any Ecclefiajtical Affairs, for that it belonged to her Prerogative,uprem^udge, oi lord. Chief fuftice of all EngUnd. He is the Fountain from whence all Juftice is de¬ rived, no Subjeft hiving here as in Ermce, Unite moyenne is' biijfe ^iiflice. He alone hath the Soveraign Power in the Admini- ftration of Juftice , and in the Execution of the Law j and whatfoever power is by him committed to others, the dernier re¬ fort h ftill remainingin himfclf • fo that he may fit in any Court, and take Cogni- fance of any Caufe fas anciently Kings fate in the Court, now called TheJ^ingf Bench, Henry the Third in his Court of Exchequer, and Henry the Seventh; and King fames fometimes in the Star-Chamber') ejtcept in Felonies, Treafons, &c. wherein the King being Plaintiff, and fo Party, he fits not perfonally in Judgement, but doth perform it by Delegates. ' From the King of England, there lies no Appeal in Ecclefiafiical Affairs to the Bifliop of Rome , as it doth in other Prin¬ cipal Kingdoms of Europe', nor in Civil Affairs to the Emperor, as in fome of the Spanijh, and other Dominions of Chriften-^ dom nor in either to the People of Eng¬ land (as fome of late have dreamed J who in themfelves , or by their Reprefentatives in the Houfe of Commons in Parliament y were ever Subordinate, uni never Superiory nor fo much as co-ordinate to the King of EngUnd. The King being theonely Soveraign and F 5 IQ2 €l)e p^efent ©tate Siiptcm Heiid, is furniftiW with Plenar y Power, Prerogative, and Jurisdiction to render Juftice to every Member within hjs Dominions; whereas fome Neighbor Kings do want afuli power to do Jufiicein ail Caufes, to all their Subjefts, or to punilh all Crimes committed within their own Dominions, efpeciallyin Caufes Ecclefi- ajlicdl. In a word , Rex Anglia jieminem habet in fuU dominiii Superiorem nec Parem, fed omnes (ub illo, ille fub mild nift untum fiib Deo , a quo fecundus, poji quern primm, ante omnes fuper omnes (in fuk ditioni- bus) Peos 6" Homines. B The Title of Di/j or Goir , plurally is often in Holy Writ, by God himfelf, at¬ tributed to Great Primes ; both becaufe aS ' Gods VUars or Vice Dei upon Earth, they reprefeiit theMaJefty and Power ofthe GoJj, ef Heaven and Earth, and to the end , that the people might have fo much the higher efteem , and more reverend awful- tiefs of them; for if that fails, all Order fails; and thence all Impiety a.ni Calamity follows in a Nation. Freciuently mt'ae Civil Law thofe Di¬ vine TitleSjNK»zc», Oraculum, Sacratifmit, See.were given to the Emperors: moreover the fubftance of the Titles of God was wfed by the Antient Chrillian Empe¬ rors, as Divinitas nofira (yp Q/€ternrtai noftra, Gtc, As iraperfeftly and analogi¬ cally in them , though eflentially and per- fcftlyonel/ in God; and the good Chri- fliaus ftUnsof thofe times, out of their excefs of refpeftj were wont to {wear by theMajefty of the Emperor (as'^/ep/j was wont by the life of Fhjrjohj aitd VegetiiHi a Learned Writer of that Age , feems to juftifie it: li'mimpsmori (laith hej. unqum pra~ fenu (S’ corporili Deo fidelif efl prxjiandx Devotio & petvigil impendendm fmu~ litui-, Deo cnim fervirm cum fdeliter ditigmus eum, qui Deo regnat Aume. For a faithful devotion to the Emperor, as to a corporal god upon Earth, ought to b? performed i and a very diligent fervice to be paid : for then we truly ferve Godiwhea with a Loyal affeftion we love him, whom God hath placed to Raign oyer us. I So the Laws of England looking upon •the King, as a God upcn.Emb, do attri- buteiu'nto him divers Excellencies that bc- Jbttgiproperly to(Jorfalone, as Jufticein theAbftraft; Rex Angliet non pateft cut- they make ufe of their Prcrcgatives , ,as. the Kiting of lyings doth of his extrpordi^- nary power of working of ,M iracks) laftlyto the livings of England,. ' ‘tcijasi io8 p^ercnt State Um Kings, doth appertain one Vrmgi^ the that may be filled Super-excellent, if not Miraculous, which was firft enjoyed by that pious and good King Edwari the Confcflbrj that is, to remove and to cure the Struma or Scrofula, that ftubborn di- feafe, commonly called Tke Kiugs Evil. Which manifeft Cure, is afcribed by feme malignant Non-Conformijls, to the power of Fancy, and exalted Imagination; but what can that contribute tofmall In¬ fants, whereof great numbers are cured eve¬ ry year. The manner of the Cure is briefly thus; There is an appointed ftiort Form of Divine Service, wherein are read (befides fome fhort Prayers pertinent to the occa- fion ) two portions of Scripture taken out of the Gafpel, and at thefe words, iThey fhall lay their hands on the pcl^, and they If all recover} the King gently draws both His Hands over the fore of the fick perfon; and thofe words are repeated at the touch of everyone. Again, at thefe words [That light roas the true lights which, lighteth every min that cometb into the world J pertinently ufed, If it be confidered that that light did never Ihine more comfortably, if not more vifibly, than in the healing of fo ma¬ ny leprous and lick perfons. At thofe words, the King putteth about the neck of each lick perfon a piece of Gold, cal¬ led (from the Impreflion ) an Angel, be¬ ing in value about two Thirds of a French Pifto], of€nsM* 109 locdhfiderationof thefe and other t'raii- Refpeit; fcendent Excellencies, no King in Chri- ftendom, nor other Potentate receives from His Subjcfts more Reverence, Honor , and RefpeSl j than the King of England. All His People at their fiift addreffes kneel to Him, He is at all times ferved upon the J^nee, all Perfons ("not the Prince, or other Heir Apparent excepted ) Hand bare in the Prefence of the King, and in the Preience Chamber •, though in the Kings abfence, all men are not onely bare, but alfo do, or ought to do reverence to the Chair of State. Onely it was once indul¬ ged by Queen for fome eminent fer- vices performed h'l Henry Rdfc/ijf, Earl of Sujfcxi that ('by Patent), he might at any time be covered in Her Prefejice; but per¬ haps, in imitation of the like liberty, al¬ lowed by King Philip Her Husband, and ether Kings of Spain at this day, to feme of the principal Nobility there called Grandees of Spain. Any thing or aft done in the Kings Pre¬ fence, is prefumed to be void of all deceit and evil meaning; and therefore a Fine levied in the Kings Court, where the King is prefumed to be prefent, doth bind a Feme Covert, a Married Woman, and others, whom ordinarily the Law doth difable to tranfaft. The Kings onely Teftimony of any thing done in His Prefence, is of ashigh a na¬ ture and credit as any Record; and in all Writs feat forth for the difpatch of ^uftice. He I JO pjefeut state He ufeth no other witnefs but Himfelf, T^fie m ipl<>. •, CHAP. V. Qf Sficeefsion mkCrswtJ af Epglfind, W of the ICinos Mimritj^ city f and dhfem. T He King of EngUnd hath right to the Crown by Inberiunce, and the Lurss and ciifioms of EngLind. Upon the death of the King, the next of Kinredj though born out of the Dominions of England, or born of Parents, not Sub* jefts of England^As by the Law, and many examples in,iht'EnglHljiories, it doth manifeflly appear, is, and is immediately King before any ProcUmation, Corona¬ tion , Publication , or confent of Peer; or People. :^he Crown of England defeends from Father to Son, and His Heirs t for want of So-ns , to the eldefl Daughter , and Her Heirs •, for want of Daughters, to the Bro¬ ther :ini His Heirs; and for want of Bro¬ ther, to the Siller and^ Her Heirs. The Sa- lique Law, or rather Cuflom of Fwee,hath here no more force then it had anciently among the fpews, or now in F/)tf«33nd .pther Chriftian Hereditary Kingdoms. .Amppg and Barbarians, tibat French Cij- fto® w^Ul and ever in ufe. Ill Ill cafe of defcent of the Crown Ccon¬ trary to the Cuftom of the defcent «f E- ftates among Subjefts) the Half Blood fhall inherit; fo from King Edmrd the sixth the Crown and Crown Lands defcended to Mary o( the half blood, and again to Queen Elixaheth of the half blood to the laft Poffeffor. At the death of every King, die not only the Officers of the Court, but all Com- niiffions granted to the Judges durante bene plat it o , and of all juftices of Peace. If the King be likely to leave his Crown toan Infant, he doth ufually by appoint the pei-fon or perfons that lhall have the tuition of him ; and fometimes for want of fuch appointment, a fit Perfon of the Nobility or Bifliops is made choice of by the Three States affembled in the name of the Infant King, who by Nature or Alliance hath moil Intereft in the prefer- vation of the Life and Authority of the Infant, and to whom leait benefit can ac¬ crue by his Death or Diminution y as the Uncle by the Mothers fide, if the Crown come by the Father, and fo vice verfi , is made Frotccior ; fo during the minority of EdrPitrd the Sixth, his Uncle by the Mo¬ thers fide, the Duke of Sommrfet had the Tuition of him, and was called P'roteftor : and when this Rule hath not been obferved (' as in the Minority of Edward the Fifth ) it hath proved of ill confe- quence,. 112 ®6e piefent State Incipid- If the King of Englani be Hen compos */• m&ntiii or by reafon of an incurable di. feafci weaknefs, or old age, become un- capable of Governing, then is made a Ke- gcnt , PmeHer , or GMrdUTt, to Go¬ vern. King Edward the Third being at Jail aged, lick, and weak, and by grief for the death of the BUc^ Prince, fore broken in body and mind, did of his own will cre¬ ate his Fourth Son, ^ohn Duke oT Lan- after , Guatdian, or Regent of Eng¬ land. 'rAhfence'. I'f the King be abfent upon aiivy For- reign Expedition, or otherwife, ( which anciently was very ufual^ theCuftomwas to conftitute a Vicegerent by Commiffi- on under the Great Jej/, giving him fe- veral Titles and Powers according as the neceflity of affairs have required •, fome- times he hath been called herd Warden , or Lord l^eeper of the Kingdom, and therewith hath had the general power of a King,as was praftifed during the Ah\ence of Edward the Firft, Second, and Third, and of Henry the Fifth, but Henry the Sixth to the Title of Warden or Guardian, added the Stile of Protector of the T^ing- dom , and of the Church of England 5 and gave him lo great Power in his ab- fence, that he was tantim non Rex fway- ing the Scepter, but not wearing the Crown; executing Laws, Summoning Par¬ liaments under his own Tcfle as Ring, and giving giving his affent to Bills in Parliament j whereby they became as binding as any other Afts. Sometimes during the Kings the Kingdom hath been committed to the care of uveral Noblemtn, and fometiuies of BifiopSi as lefs ddngerous for attempting any ufurpation of the Crown ; iometimes to one Bilhop, as Hubert Archbiftiop of Cmerbury was Viceroy of England for many years j and when Edward the Third was in (though his Son then but nine years old,,had the Name of Protell~ er ) fi)hn Stratford Archbilhop of Canter¬ bury wii Govern our both of the Kings Son and of the Realm ; fo King Henry the Firft during his abfence fwhich was fome- tinies three or four years together^ ufually conftituted Roger, that famous Bifltop of Salisbury ,iok Governour of the Realm, a Man excellently qualified for Govern¬ ment. Laftly, Sometimes to the Queen, as two feveral times during the abfence of Henrjj the Eighth inFr^BCf. p^elent 'State 114 C H A P. VI. Of the CLU'EEN of ENG¬ LAND. Nme ^een, fo calkd from the Smn •* lioningin, whereof the laft fyllable is pronounced -by Forreigners as gbeen in En- glifli, it being notunufudl to cut off" the firfl Syllables, as an yilmes-houfe is fonie- times called a Spiul from HofpitiU, and Sander fvom JlexMder. She hath as high Prerogatives, Dignity, and State, during the life of the King, as any Queen of Europe. Trerogil- ^'rom the i’rfxow times the Ofteen Ccn- tive. of England,, thoughftie bean born, and though during the life of the King ftie be femme covert ( as out Law fpeaks) yet without any Aft of Parlia¬ ment for Hatunlixation , or Letters Pa- tents for Venixation, Ihe may purchafe Lands in Fee frmple. make Lcafes ami Grants in Her own Name without the King, hath power to give, to fue, to con- traft, as a femme foie may receive by gift from Her Husband, which no other femme covert may do. She may prefent by her felf to a'Spiritual Benefice, and in a Qure impedit brought by Her, plenarty by the prefentation of anothei of €nglahti» 115 itiothei'is no more a Bar againft Her, tKen t isagainft theKing. She (hall not be amerced ifftiebeNon- fiiitecl ill any Aftion, eir’c. Had anciently a Revenue of ^rea- Goldj or AuYum Regina, as the Records call it, which was the tenth part of fo much as by the name of ObhiU upon Pat- dons, Gifts and Grants,, came to the King. Of later times hath had as large a Dow¬ er as any Queen in Chriftendome,hath her Royal Court apart, her Courts and Offi- cei'Sj^e. The Queen i-n,ay not be impleided till (lift petitioned, if The be VUmiffYdat Sum¬ mons in the Procefs need not have the fo- kmnity of 15 d3yes,6'"e. Is reputed the Second Perfoiv in the 'OlgnUft .kingdom.' : The Law fetteth fo high a value upon her, as to make it High-Treafon to cotifpire Her death, or to violate her Chafti- Her Officers, as Atturney and Sidlici- tp'f, for the Queens fake have^efpeft above others, and place within the B/jrr with the Kings Council. The like honour, the like reverence and refpedt that is due to the King, is exhibited to the iQueen both by Subjefts and Foreign¬ ers, and alfo to the <^een Bcvengcr or Wi¬ dow-Queen 3 who alfo above other Sub- jefts loleth not her Dignity, though flie fliouid marry a private Gentleman; fo tCDe piefent State fo Queen T(,i!hefi>ie, Widow to King He». Tj the Fifth, being Married to Owe« thi. erfareEfquire, did maintain her Aftionas Queen of Engliind much lefs doth a Qiieen by inheritance , or a Queen Sovereign of England, follow her Husbands condition, nor is lubjeft as other Qiieens j but So. vereign to Her own Husband, as Queen Marj was to King Philip, CHAP. VII. Of Sons Daughters e/ ENG¬ LAND. T He Children of the Kin^ of England are called the Sons and Daughters of England } becaufe all the Snbjefts of England have a fpecial intereft in themj though the whole power of Education, Mar¬ riage, and difpofing of them, is only in the Elded Eldeft Son of the King is born Duke ’’ of Cornmll', and as tothat Dutchy, and all the lands. Honours, Rents, and great Revenues belonging thereunto , he is upon his Birth-day prelumed, and by Law taken to be of full age, fo that he may that day fue for the Livery of the faid Dukedom, and ought of right to obtain the fame, as if he bad been full ai years of age. Af. terwards of €ngTanti. tsrwards he is created Prince of IVales, ffhofe is performed by the Im- poiition of a cap of Eftate and Coronet on his Head, as a Token of Principality, and putting into his Hand a Verge of Gold, the Emblem of Government, and a King of Gold on his Finger, to intimate, that he muftbe a Husband to his Countncy, and Father to her Children. Alfo to him is gi¬ ven and granted Letters Patent to hold the faid Principality to him and his Heirs Kings of England, by which words the re¬ paration of this Principality is prohibited. His Mantle which he wears in Parliament is once more doubled, or hath one Guard more then a Dukes, and his Coronet of Croffes and Flowers de luce, and his Cap of State indented. Since our prefent Kings happy Reftaura- tion it was folemnly ordered,that the Son and Heir apparent of the Crown ofE«^- hnd, fliall ufe and bear his Coronet of Croces miFlower de luces with one Arch j and in the midft a Bail and Crofs, as hath the Roy.al Viadem. That the Duke of and .ill the immediate Sons and Bro¬ thers of the Kings of England, fliall ufe and bear their Coronets compofed of Croffes oiu\ Flower de /wcer only, but all thpir Sons relpeftively having the Title of Dukes lhali bear and ufe their Coronets compofed of fruj/cr and Flower de luces, fuch as are ufed in the Compofure of the Coronets of Dukes, not being of the Royal Family. II7 From ii8 p^etent State Title, From the day of his Birth he is common. ^ ly ftiled the Frince , a litle in England given to no other Stibjeft, The Tttle of Prince of If'ales is antient, and was firft given by King Edmrd the Firft to his El- deft Son ; for the iVelJh Nation till that time unwilling to fubmit to the yoke of firangers, that King fo ordered, that his Queen was delivered of her firft Child in Caorntirvan Cajlle in Wales , and then de¬ manded of the jVeljh, as fome affirm, If they srould be content to fubjeSi themfelves to one of their own Nation, that could not (peak, one word of Englilh, and againji whofe life they could take no jufi exception, Whereunto they readily eonfenting, the King nominated this his new- born Son, and afterwards created him Prince of Jf'ales, and beftowed OH him all the Lands, Honours and Revenues belonging to the faid Principality. The Prince hath ever fince been filled Prince of Wales, Duke of Aquitaine and Cornwall, and Earl of Che^er and Flint, which Earldoms are alwayes conferred up- on him by Letters Patent. Since the ilni- c)!of England &nA Scotland, his Title hath been Magna Britannia Frinceps, but more ordinarily the Prince of Wales. As eldell Son totheK»ng of Scotlandhe is Duke of Rothfay and Senefchal of Scotland from bis Birth. The King of Englands Eldeft Son (fo long as Normandy remained in their hands) was alwayes ftiled Duke of Nor- tnandy. Antienc- 6t €nglant)* ii 9 Am?ently the Princes Arms of Wales, whileft they were Soveraignsjbai'e quarterly ■ijulcSjMd 0rj4 Lyons faffam gariant com- terchangod. The Armes of the Prince of jVales'zt this dayj differ from thofe of the King only by addition of aLabel of three points cnarg- ed with nine Torteaux, and the Device ■ of the Prince is a Coronet beautified with three Ojirich Feathers, inferibed with Ich iien, which inthe German or old Saxon Tongue is, I ferve, alluding perhaps to that in the Gofpel, The Heir whileft kis Fit- ther liveth differeth not from a Servant,^ This Device was born at the Battel of Creffy by ^ohn King of Bohemia, as ferving there under the King of the French, and there flain by Edtvird the Blacl^ Prince ^ and fince worn by the Princes of Wales, and by the t'^ulgar called the Princes Arms. The Prince by our Law is reputed Dignity^ as the fame Perfon with the and fo declared by a Statute of Henry the Eighth, Corufeat enim Princeps ( fay out Lawyers ) radiis Regis Patris fui ^ een- feturimperfona cumipfo. Andthe Civi¬ lians fay, the Kings eldefl Son may be Ai¬ led a R^ing. He hath certain Priviledges above other Brivi- perfons. _ ledges. To imagine the death of the Prince, to 'Violate the ^ife of the Prince, is made High Treaforl, Hath heretofore had priviledge of ha¬ ving a PtirVeyour, and faking Pvtveyince ss the I^ing, T® 120 dDl^e p^etent @tate To retain and qualifie as many Chapkins as he (hall pleafe. To the Prince at the Age of i? was a certain Aii of Money from all the ^f^ings Tenants, and all that held of him in Cn- pite, by Knights-Service, and Free-SocAge, to makehimaK«^gl>f. . Yet as the Prince in nature is a diftina Perfon from the King, fo in Law alfo in fome cafes,he is a Subjeft, holdeth his Prin- cipallities andSeignories of the the lame refpeft t® the jefts de, Jievennes The Revenaes belonging to the Prince, fince much of the Lands and Demefnes of that Dutchy have been alienated; are efpecially out of the Tinn Mines in Corn- mlli which with all other profits of that Dutchy amount yearly to the furara of The Revenues of the Principality of mies furveyed 200 years ago was above 4680 /. yearly, a rich Eftatc ac- cording to the value of Money in thofe dayes. At prefent his whole Revenues may a- mount to Till the Prince come to be 14 years old, all things belonging to the Principality of JViiles , were wont to be difpofed of by Commiffioners confifting of fome prin¬ cipal Perfons of the Clergy and Nobl- The diets or vouneer Sons of Fng- They have no certain Appmges ai 4 in Vrince , but onely what the good pleafure of the King beftowes upoii them. All the Kings Sons are Confliarti nxtU by Birth-right Counfeliors of SUie, that fo they may grow up in the weighty af¬ fairs of the Kingdom. The Daughters of 'Englxnd are Ai¬ led Princefles, the eldeft of which had an Aidi or certain rate of Money paid by evefy Tenant in Capite, 'tonights Sef^ vice, and Socage, towards Her Dow¬ ry or Marriage Portion •, and to violate Her unmarried is High-Treafon at tht^ day. To all the Kings Children belong thef Title of Roj/itl Highncft ; All Subyefts are to be uncovered in their prefence , to kneel when they are admitted to l(ift their hands, and at Table they are (,jh< cf the l^ingt Prefence ) ferved on thd I(«cc. The Children, the Brothers and Sifters oftheK'ng, if Pliintiff's, the Summons in the Procefs need not have the folem- nity of 15 dayes, as in cafe of other Subjefts. All the Kings Sons, Grandfons, Bro¬ thers, Unkles, and Nephews of the King, are by i'tit. 3 r Hewrj'Eight, to precede others in EngUnd j It is true , the word Grxnfon is not there in terminis, but is undetftciod , as Sir Edvurd Coke holds, Q hr 122 C^ie p^etent ®tate ty NcfJjcw, which in Latin being Ne- posi fignlfies alio, and chiefly a Grmi- Hmrtil , or illigitimate Sons ’ and DauAters of the King , after they are acWowledged by the K^gj have had here as in France , precedence of all the Nobles under thole of the Blood Royal. They bear what Surname the King pleafeth to give them , and for Armes the Arms of England , with a Bafton^ or a Border Gohionne, or feme other mark of illegitimation. Some Kings of Eng- land have acknowledged many , and had more illegitimate Sons and Daugh. ters. King Henry the Firft had no fewer than Sixteen Illegitimate Children. Henry the Eighth amongft others had one by Elixaheth Blount, named Henry FitXroy, created by him Duke of Somer- fet and Richmond, Earl of Hottinghami 4nd Lord High Admiral of Englandflre- Und , and Aquitain. C H A P-: of €nglantj^ 123 CHAP, VIII. of the prefect KING of ENGLAND, and therein of Hif Name ^ Sur¬ name, Genealogie, Birth, Baptifmtg Court , Education , Refiauration , Marriage, &c. nowraigning is CHARLES the Second of that Name. His Name of Baptifme Charles in the German Tongue fignifies one of a Mafculine ftrength Nme2 or vertue. The Royal, and alfothe moil Princely Swnme. and Antient Families of Europe, at this day have properly no Surnames, for nei¬ ther is Bur bon the Surname, but the Ti¬ tle of the Royal Family of France, nor Jujirii of Spain, nor Stuart of England , linre the coming in of l^ing ^ameS) nor The¬ odore ov Tudor (or his five immediate An- ceftors in England, nor Plantigenct for eleven Succeflions before, as fome vainly think; for although Gcffery'Dtikc oiAn¬ jou vvas furnamed PUntJgcnet from a Broom Stall^e commonly worn in hisEon- net, yet his Son fdenry the Second I^ing of England, was furnamed F/ti-Emprcfs, and his Son Richard, Cceur de Lyon : So Owcit Grandfather to I(,ing Henry the Seventh yeas apMeridith, and he ap Theodore, pro- 0 I Bcuaced E14 p^eCent State nounc^d tyder. Surnames being then bat little in ufeamonglt t\^Ci»d>r^bfitaiaf i So jVdter Father to Robert King of Scot^ hnd, from whom our preferit I^ing is def- cended, was only by Office Gr^d Senef~ chill or High-sievird, ov Stiuri qI Sc.t- Urtdt though of later times by a long vul¬ gar crrour it hath fo prevailed, that they accounted Surnames of many Families def- cended from him. Steward is a Contraftion from the Saxon ■word Stedewird, th 4 t is in Lmne Locun- tenens.ia French L/ea tenant, becaufethe Lord High-Steward was Rcgii locum te- tnensy a Name not unfit for any I^ing, who is Dei locum tenens, , Norman, and Scottijh K/Vr and Princes of this Ifland. From the firft Britijh I<,ings the ij^th Monarch, from the Scotijh in a continued fucceffion foralmoll 2000 years the loptb, from the Ssxi>n the 4(^rh , and from the firft of the Norman Line the 2ng by the then Bt- hath as an addition fetled upon her loooo L pet Annum more. • The Queens Arms as Daughter of Por¬ tugal,is Argent 5 Scutcheons A^ure crojfe- wife,eiich Scutcheon charged with y Plates Argient Sailter-n>i[e, witn a Point Sable. The Border Gules charged with 7 Cafties Cr. 7 Ms Coat was firft worn by the Kings of VoftugiJ , in memory of a Signal Bat¬ tel obtained by the firft Kings of Portu¬ gal Dm A Iphonfo , againft y Kings of the Moors, before which Battle appeared Chrift crucified in the Air 3 and a voice heard , as once to Conftantine the Great, Inhocfigno Vinces: before which time the Portugal Armes were Argent a Crofs Axure, Queen C At H E R I HE is a f er- fonage of fuch rare perfeftions of Mind andBody>of fuch eminent Piety, Modefty, and other Venues, that the Enelilh Na- ' tion tionmiyyet ptomife all the happinefs they are capable of,{^inaSuceeffionof Prin¬ ces to govern them to the end of thb CHAP. X. Queen Mother. T He Third Perfon in the Kingdom was the Queen-Hother , or Vovn- gtr) Henrietu M»riHe BiurboViVaugh- ter to the GfWtKing Henry ths Fourth, Siller to the juft King Lewit the 13th, Wife to the glorious i^fartyr King Chirks the Firft, Mother to pur Gracious Sove¬ reign King Charles the second, and Aunt to the prelent Puijfant King Lewis the 14th. She was born the of November,mir 2 ried firft at Nojlre Vame in Paris by Proxy 1611 j and Ihortly after in the Moneth of arriving at Dover, was at Can~ tethury efpoufed to King Charles the Firft, In the Year i< 5 ip was delivered of her Pirft born j a Son that dyed ibortly after} in Kjjoof her Second, our prefentSove- ralgnwhom God long prelerve; in 1^31 of her Third , Mary, the late Princefsof Cringe , a Lady of Admirable Vertues, who had the happinefs to lee the King her Brother reft'ored 6 or 7 Moneths before her death. In 1^33 of her Fourth,Jdwer, nowDuke of Tcr)5[j Ini(J3y. ofberFifthi named 134 State named Eliyiheth, who being a Princefs of incomparable Abilities and Vertues, d'led for grief foon after the Murther of her Fa'ther. In 16^6 of her Sixth, na- med Anni , who died young. In the Year 1640 of her Seventh Child Henry of On- Uni ^ defigned Duke oH Qlocefier, who living tell above 20, being moft excellent¬ ly accomplilhed in all Princely Endow¬ ments, died four Moneths after the Re- fiaurationof the King. In the Year 1544. of her Eighth, the Lady HenriaUy late Dutchefs of Crlenns, In the Year 1541, Her Majefly fore- leeing theenfuing Iforme ofRebellionjand feeing thegroundlefs Oii.’/m raifed alrea¬ dy againft her ftlf, timely withdrew her felf with her eldeft Daughter (then new¬ ly Married to Prince IViUim , onely Son to Henry Prince of Orange^lnto Holland, whence in 1543, after a moll furious ftorra and barbarous fierce purfuit of the Eng- Ii»h Rebels at Sea , {he landed at SHr//ng- toh Bay, with Men, Money, and Ammu¬ nition , and foon after with a confidera- ble Army, met the King at Edge-Hill, thence was condufted to Oxford, In Aprili6^j{ , marching with compe¬ tent forces from Oxford towards Exeter , 3 t Abir.gtcn took herlaft farewel of the King, whom flic never faw again. In ^uly foilo'.ving embarktat Pen.fen- KkCiiftle, fhe failed into trance , whire ■fntertained at the ch.^rge^ of her Nephew the pre lent King of trance , fhe paffed a folitary retired life until the Moneth of i' 0il4(f of CHober 1660, when.upon the Reftsuration ef her Son to the Crown ofEnglind, flic came to Londotiy and having fetled her Revenues here, ihe went again with her youRgeft Daughter the Lady Henrietu into France , to fee her efpoufed to the then Duke of Mjeu, now of Orleans’, and in the Month of 5p«/)' iorfct. ' The 17 of 1643 i at Oxford stis mated by Lettert Patent Duke of T«rj^ ('though called fo by fpecial Command j from his Birth ) withoutt thofe Solemnities | (the iniquity of the times not admitting thereof^ that vtere uled to the King his Father itfoy, when being Second Son to King ^mesy and fo Duke of Albany ia Scotland, was Created Duke of Torl^ with the preceding Solemn Creation of divers young Noblemen to be Knights of the Bath, am the Robes of State put up¬ on him, the Cap of State on his Head, and the Golden Rod into his Hand , the Prime Nobility and the' Heralds affifting at that Ceremony. After the Surrender of Oxford, his Roy¬ al Highnefs was in 1646 , conveyed to London by the then prevailing difloyal part of the two Houfes of Parliament j and committed with his Brother G/ece^cr and Sifter Eliiaheth to the care of the Earl of Northiimberliind, In 1(548 aged about 15, was by Co¬ lonel Bampjield conveyed in a difguife or habit of a Girle beyond Sea , firft to his Sifter the Princefs Royal of Orange in Holland, and afterward to the Queen bis Mother, thenatP(tm, where he was care¬ fully educated in the Religion of the C\mc\a of England y and in all Exercifes meet for fuch a Prince. About the Age of lo. in prai/ice went into the Cmpagne , and fetved with much Gal- of (iEngtland^ Gallantry under that great Commander the then Proteftant Munjbil de Turtnne I for the "Brench King againft the Spanifi) Forces in flinders. Notwithftanding which, upon a Treaty j between the French King and Cromml in I(ff5 3 being obliged with all hisretinueto leave the French Dominions 3 and invi¬ ted into flinders by Don ^uan of Aufiria^ he there fcrved under him againft the I FrenchKings then leaguedwiththeEng- /;/Jj Rebels againfti’pm 3 where his M^tg- unimity and Pexierity irt MMtkl ijfairSi (though unfijccesful ) were very eminent. In the Year 1660 came over wit% the Kingjnto£Hg/ and being J.ord High Admiral, in the Year 166 ^, intheVi^r againft the United States of the Neither- lands t commanded in perfon the whole Koyil Navy on the Seas between England and HoUandi where with incompcrable va¬ lour and extraordinary haiard of his own Royal Perfon, after a moft fliarp dif- putc he obtained a Signal ViSory over the whole Dutch Fleet, commanded by Ad¬ miral Of dm-, who periftjt with Us own and many more Dutch Ships in that Fight, He Married Anne the Eldeft Daughter oi Edward Earl of Clarrendon, late Lord High Chancellourof by whom he hath had a numerous iflue, whereof are living firft the 1 .3iy Nary , born Afrit i66i, whofe Godfather was Prince Rh- pert, and Godmothers theDutchefles of Buohjngham and Ormond. Secondly, the I-ady Anne t born in fehr. id^4. whofe ^Godfa- 138 p?efcnt State Godfather was Gilbert Lord ArchbiAop of Canterbury, her Godmothers were the young Lady Mary her Sifter and the Dutch- eh of Monmouth. She was lately for her health tranfported into France. Thirdly the Lady Catherine, born the 19of Fe¬ bruary i6jo j whofe Godmothers were the Qijeen and the Marchionefs of Wor- ccjlcr, and the Godfather the Prince cf Orange then in England. The Titles of his Royal Highneft, are Duke of Torli and Albany, farl olUl- fier , Lord High Admiral oiEngland,Ire¬ land^ and allForreign Plantations, Con- Unhieoi J)over Cajlle, Lord Warden of the Cinque Perts, Governor of Portf. mouth} of the Prim of Orange. Next to the Duke of Torli and his liTue, is William of Naufau Prince of Orange , only Ifliie of the lately deceafed Princefs 'Royal Mary, Eldeft Daughter to King Charles the Firft, and wedded i6a^) to William of Najjau, the oncly Son to Henry Prince of Orange, then Commander inChief of all thcForcesof the States Ge¬ neral both by Land and Sea. His Highnefs the prefent Prince was born p dayes after his Fathers death on the 14th Novemb. i 5 yo, had for Godfa¬ thers the lords States General of Hoi- laU Df€nglan‘D* 139 Und itid 2 ealand, and the Cities o(Delft, Leyden, and Amfterdm. His Governed was the Engliih Lady SUnbop, then Wife to the Heer f^An Hemv- lict. At Eight years of age was fent to the llniverfity of Leyden. His yearly Revenue is about doooo /. Sterling , kfides Military advantages en¬ joyed by his Father and Anceflors, which amounted yearly to about 3000 /. Ster¬ ling more, He is a Prince m whom the high and Princely qualities of his Anceftors alrea¬ dy appear. of the Princefs Henrietta, The next Heir (after the forenamed) to the Englilh Crown j was the Princefs Henrkm youngeft Sifter to the prefent King of England. She was born the J6th day of 1544 Excrerduring the heat of the late Rebellion, after the Surrender of Exeter 3 conveyed to Oxford , and thence 1^4^, to London , whence with her Governels the Ljiiy Ddlfieitb 3 Ibe efcaped into France , was there educated as became her high Birth and Quality , but being left wholly to the cave and maintainance of the Queen her Mother at Faris, embraced the Romijb Religion. . At the Age of 16 years came with the CJneen 140 piefent ©tate Queen Mother into England , and ff* Months after returning into France , was Married to the only Brother of the French King the Illuftrious PriUce Hilip then Duke of Anjou i till the death of his lln- de, and now Duke of Orleans, whole Kevenue is iiooooo Livers Tournoif, be- fides his Appanage, not yet fetied. Her portion was 40000 I, Sterling, her Joynture was to be the fame with the prg- fent DutchefsI)pwiige)*of Orleans. This Princefs left I C ue two Daughters; ftewas ufuallyftiled Madame only , as be¬ ing the firft Lady in France j (he died fuddenly in 'fune t6jo. The Elder oiled Makmoi^eUe fansqueve ntti' i^oyh becaufe Ihe is the firil Gentlewoman of France. The younger Sifter is called Madamo- ijelle de ydoit j if Ihe had had a Son, the French King was to allow him fooooCrsmi yearly, and the Jppanageafterthdeuh of the prefent Duke, reverts to the Crown, of ^sTrittce EkSorVdXmnc, There being left alive no more of the Off-fpring of King Charley the Firft, the next Heirs of the Crown of Eitgknd, are the Iffue and Defeendauts of Eli%ibetbt late Q^Jeen of Bohimk, oneiy Sifter to the laid King» who was Married to trederic^. Prince of theR/;/»ie, afterwards Med King of BohmU, whofeEldeft Soa living, is Churles Lodowicfi, Prince E leftor Pilutine of the Rhine, commonly called the Palfgyivc > fr«ni the High Dutch PfilPlgraf, Palitii Cones , was born the Two and Twentieth of December, i6iy. at Hcidlcherghi and afterwards at the ^ge of Three of four years, conveyed thence intothe Countreys of Wicienbergh ini Bnndenburgh j then into Ho/tod,and at the Hiiguc , and the Univetfity of Lejw den, was educated in a Princely manner. At the age of Sixteen was made Knight of the Garter , and at the age of Eighteen years came into EngUnd-, about Two years after, fought a Battle at Ulou in JVeft- pkilia. In the year 1539. pafling mognrte thorow Fratjce, to take poffelfioo of Sr/- fuh upon the Rhine, which the Duke of SixonlVcymr intended to deliver up. unto him, together with the Command of his Army , he was by that quick lighted Car¬ dinal RichUcu diftorered at Mtnlins, and thence Ctje p^efent State thence fent back Prifoner to the Bok Je Vincennes , whence after Twenty three weeks Imprifonment, he was by the me¬ diation of the King of Enghni fet at li¬ berty. In the year 164^, he came again into Englitnd, and with the Kings fecretcon- fent (becatife the King could not continue unto him the wonted Penfioii , whiPfl: the Rebels pofleft the greateft part of his Ma- jelHes Revenues) made his AddrelTes to , and abode with the difloyal part of the Lords and Commons at IVeflminficr un¬ til the Murder of the faid King, and the Reftauration of the Lower PdLitinit 3 ac¬ cording to the famous Treaty at Mur.jlcr 1548 , for which he was conflrained to quit all his Right to the Upper Tdxtinxt, and accept of in Eighth EleciorJ])ip. at a junc¬ ture of time when the King of Engl art he not been ingaged at home by an impious Rebellion ) had been the moft confid;- rable of all other at that Treaty , and this Prince his Nephew would have had the greateft advantages there. In i(550jheefpoufed the Lady Chirlsttc, at Cijfel, Daughter to IVillim the Lundgrive of Hc[J'e,ind o(Elj{doeth Eni- lU of Hinaw,hy whom he hath one Son na¬ med CharK,horn 5 1 of March 1651 to whom is lately married the Siller of Ctrsjiicrn the prefent King of Venmarl^, and fifth of that name; and one Daughter named In/z/Tc, born in May 1551. now mariied to the Duke of Orleans i only Brother to the French of €nglanDf 143 of Prince Rupert. Next to the Iflae of the Prince E/c^cf fditinc, is Prince Rj(/)crf,boi-n at Prigue Ifj)cccmb.i6i9i not long before that ve-^ ry unfortunate Battle there fought, where¬ by not only all Bofccmw was loft , but the TxUtincPxmily was for almoftjo years dlfpoieft of all their Pofteflions in GemX- At 13 years of age he marcht with the then Prince of Oringo to the Siegi cf Rkincbcrg. And at the age of 18 he commanded a Regiment of Horfe in the German Wars, and in the Batttleof Lenigm i6j8 , being taken by the Imperialifts under the Com¬ mand of Count Hxt^field , he continued a Plifoner above three years. In 1641 rci liming into pngkniyh Apyil this Princ' nt a Chapter held at Tor/;, wasejeftccl K'ught of the Gitrtcrj and foon after made General of the Horfe to the King,fights And defeats Colon^^jl^nrfj near Jfortejter,routed theRebels Horfe at Edge Hill, took Circnceftcr raifed the Siege of Ncwdrli, recovered Lickf eld and Briftol, raifed the long fiege before Lxthm Honfe, fought the great llattle at MArjion Moor, was createdEarl of Hohlerncfs,3ttd Duke of ember Uni 144 Piefent dtate | Cumberland j after the cxtinftion of the Male Line of the Cliffords i 543 * Finally the Kings Forces at land being totally de- feated, he tranlported himlelf into Frsflee, and was afterward made Admirtloi Inch Ships of War as fubmitted to King Charles the Second, to whom after diversdifallers at Sea , and wonderful prelervations, Iw riRirncd to Parw idja, where, and in Germany i fometimes at the Emperors Court, and fometimes at Heydlebergh, he palled his time in Princely Studies and exercifes, till the Reftauraticn of His Majefty now Raigning; after which,retur- ningiflto England, was made a Privy Councellor in i 652 , and in 1666, being joyned Admiral with the Dube of Alber- marie > firft attackt the whole putcb Fleet with his ^uadron, in fuch a bold refolute way , that he put the Enemy foon to flight. . . . He enjoys a Pi'nfion from HisMajelty of 4000 1 . per Annum , and the Govern¬ ment of the Caille oi ii^indfor, Aker Vtlnce Rupert , the next Heirs to the Crown of England 31-03 French La¬ dies, Daughtei'sof Prince Edward lately deceafed .[^0 was a younger Son of the Qiieen o^ohemia, whole Widow the Ptincefs Dowager, Mother to the faid three Ladies, is Siller to the late Queen Poland, Daughter and Coheir to tie laft- Duke of Nevers in France, ainongll three Daughters there is a Revenue ' aWc 1 zooo I, Sterling a year. of J45 The Eldeft of thefe is married to the Duke i’ Enghien Eldeft Son to the Prince of Conde. The Second is Married to fohn Freicricli Duke of Brunswicli jAtii lunenburgh at Htnovcr. Afterthefe is the Princefs EliXdhethl Bldeft Sifter living to the Prince Eledor fiUtine , botn iSVecemb. I6i8. unmar¬ ried and living |,m Gcminy is Abbeffe of Hervorden, but of the Proteftant Refli- gioii. The next is another Sifter, called the Pi'incefs Loiii/^, bred up at the fitgue with the Queen her Mother i n the «»of the Church of EngUnd, at length embracing the Romifij Religinet is novi LadyAbbefsof Maubuifon at Ponthoifcj not far from Parif. Laft of all is the Princefs Sophia, young- eft Daughter to the Queen of Bohsma « born at the H(»^Ke ) I} Ociob. i6}o. and in 1558. wedded to Ernefi Jngujie Duke of Brunsmcli and Lunenburg > Biibop of Ofniburgb, by whom file hath three Sons and a Daughter. Of thefe"three Princeffes it is [aid, that the fii-ft is the inoft Learned , the fecond the greateft Artift, and the laft one oi' tltc tnoft accooipliiht Ladies in Europe. li CHAP, 146 CHAP. XIL 1 of the Great Officers e/ the Crown. N Ext to the King and Princes of the Blood are reckoned the Great 0 §i. cers of the Crown j whereof there are Nine, the Lord High Steward of England i the Lord High Chancellour, the Lord High Treafurery Lord Prefident of the I(i»gf Council, the Lord Privy Seal, the Lord Great Chamberlain, the Lord High Con- fiable, the Earl Marital , and the Lord High Admiral, ^2 The firft Great Officer of the Crown, 'Steward according to the account of our Ancefiors, * was the Lord High Steward, of England, or Viceroy i for fo the word Steward im¬ ports in the Saxon Tongue, from Stede ^ni wardLoctmtenens , in French Lieu¬ tenant, and was the fame Officer with the Reiebs Vrotiet , that is, Regni vice Rex in Sweden , and the Stadtkolder in Denmark,, who is alfo called Vice Roy or tiemenant dtt Ro/. Our Common Lawy¬ ers ftilehim Magnus AngliiX Senefchalln, of Sen in Saxon ^ufticc , and Schals a Governor or Officer. ^ He was anciently the Higheft Officer under the King, and his power fo exorbi¬ tant , that it was thought fit not longer - .. ■' t* totrufi it in the hands of any SubjeS:, jor his Office was Sufcrvidere ( 3 ‘ reguUr& fubKege^immeiliutepofi Regem f'asan antient Record fpeahs) totum Regnuat AngliA <( 3 ‘ omnes minifim Legum infr» Uem regnum' temporibus pm O' gufm- rum. The lafl: that had a State of Inheritance’ in this High Office was Henry of Bui- linghrooli (Son and Heir to the great Dubof Lttncajier^dhn of GMat, after- wards King of England) fince which time they have been made only pro hue vice j to officiate either at a Coronation, by ver- tue of which Office he fitteth judicially and keepeth his Court in the Kings Pa¬ lace at JVe(trninftcr, and there receivetk the Bills and Petitions of all fuch No¬ blemen and others, whoby reafonof their Tenure, or otherwife, claim to do Ser¬ vices at the New Kings Coronations and to receive the Fees and Allowances dueand accuftomed ; as lately at the Co-' Yonxtion of King Ckr/ejthe Second , the Bulie of Ormond was made for that oc- caflon Lord High Steward of England, and fmarching immediately before the King , above all other Officers of the Crownjbore in his hands St. Edwards- Crown : Or elfe for the Arraignment o£ fome Peer of the Realm , their Wires or Widows, for Treafon or Felony, or fome other great Crime, to judge and givefen- tence, as the antient High Stewards were Wont to do ; which ended, hisCommiffi- on expireth; During fuch Trial he fit- H a tetb 14S t:6e p^efcnt State teth under a Cloth of Eftate ^ and they that (peak to him fay, May it picafe your Grice my lsrdHi,S,b 6'tew.ird of Englxni. His Coniniillion is to proceed Secundum Legem fs' confuetuitnem Andi.f. He is foie Judge, yet doth call all the Twelve Judges of the Land to aflift him. Is not fworn , nor the Lords who are the Triers of the Peer arraigned. During his Stewardrtaip he bears a 5’tajmhis Hand, and the Trial being over, openly breaks it, and fo his Office takes ati end. tori Next, The Lord Hr^h Chancel/or, Sum- Chitncel- W!f« Cincclliriui , fo called , becaufe all Imr, Pitentsy Cemmiffions, van ants, coining from the King, and perufed by him, are fignedyii well, or anceHtd , ifamifs; or elfe becaule antiently he fate infra cincel- los, that is, fu.ch a partition as ufually now feparates the Church from the Chan¬ cel. lie is after the King and Princes of the Blood in Civil Affairs (there being now no Lord High Steward) the higheft Perfonin the Kingdom, as the Arch-biJJxip of Cinterbury is in Ecclefiaftial affairs. ^’Wce"' His' Office is to keep the Kings Great ” Seal, to judg, not according to the Com- non Law , as other Civil Courts do, but to moderate the rigor of the Law, and to judge according to Equity, Confciencc, or UcafQn, To bellow ali Ecclcpfiml Be¬ ne Jias of CnglanD* 145 /fiYrin the Kings gift under 20 1 . yearly in the Kings Bonks , and for this and other caufcs he was ever till of late years a Cler¬ gy-man, His O ath is to do right to all manner of Oak-. People poor and rich , after the Laws and Culioins of the Realm, and truly Coun- fel theKinj;to keep fecret the Kings Coun- fel, nor fufer fo far as he may, that the Rights of the Crown be diminiiht, &c. Prom the time of Henr^ 2. the Chancel- ioijrs of England have been ordinarily ■ made of Bifliops,or other Clergy-men^lear- ned in the Civil Laws, till Henry S. made Chancellor firft Sir Thomas More , and after him Thomas Jud.'cy. After whom alfo was made Lord Chancellour Sir Ri- (hsrd Rich Knight, Lord Rich (a Com¬ mon Lawyer) rvho had been iirfl the ftid Kings Sollicitor, and afterwards Chancel- lour of his Court of Augmentation, from whom is defeended the prefent Earl of IT’arrvicIi, and the Earl of Holland \ fince which time there have been fome Bifliops> but moR Common Lawyer'. This High Office is in Trance durante luU, hatheteM durante bene placito Re- ih. The 5 .ilni'y from the King is 848 /. per SaiarR^ Annum , and when the Star-Chamber was up, SCO i, per Annum more for his At¬ tendance there. The lord Chancellour and the Lord Creutkn E j. Kcejet 450 p^efcnt ©tate Keepet arc the fame in Authority and Pow¬ er and Precedence, yet they differ in Pa- lent, in Height and Pavor of the King,they are Created pet- Ty^dhionm migni SigiU fibiper Pominum Regem, andbytaking an Oath onely the lord Chancellonr hath be- belides a Patent. The Great Seal being lately taken from Eilwird Eart cf CUrenion Lord Chan¬ cel lour , was by his Majefties great favor bellowed aponSir Orkndo Bridgman Kt. and Baronet with the Title of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England. liri Treafu. ter. Oath. Vffee. The Third Great Officer of the Crown is the Lord High Treafurer of England , who receives this high Office by delivery of a White Staff to him by the King , and holds it durante bcneplacito Regii. Antiently he received this Dignity by the delivery of the Golden Keys of the Treafitrjf. His O ath is little different from that of the Lord Chancellour. He is Precfccius , a Lord by his Ofjice, under whofe Charge and Govern¬ ment is all the Kings Revenue kept in the Exchequer, He hath alfothe chec> of all the Officers any way employed in colleft- inglmpofts, Cujloms, Tfibutes,or other Re¬ venues belonging to the Crown, He hath the gift of all Cuftomcra, Conmlers-, and Searchersin all the Ports of England. He isi Ke hath the nomination of theEfchcii^ tors in every County , and in fome Cafes bv Statute is to. appoint a Meafurer for the length and breadth of Clothes. He, with others pyned in Commillion with him, or without, letteth Leafes of all the Lands belonging to the Crown. He giveth WiTTunts to certain perfons of Qua¬ lity to have their tVine Cudom free. The antient Annual Salary of the Lord llighTreafurer of Eng/(ind wasin all 383 U 7 X. 8 d. but the late Salary was eight thoLirand \iounis per Annum. Since thedeceafe of ThomnsWriothcJlyi. late Earl of Southnmpton, and laft Lord. High Treafurer of England, this Office hath been executed by a Commiffion grant¬ ed to three eminent Perfons, vi<(. The Lord AJhley, Sir Thomm Cliffordj and Sir ^ohn Vuncomb. The Fourth Great Officer named in the Statute 31 U. 8. is the Lord Prc^denr of the preff-^ Kings Privy Council, an Officer as antient ‘ as King John’s time, was ufually called. ConfiUiriiu Capitalis. His Office is to at¬ tend upon the King, to propofe bufinefs at Council Table, and then to report to the King the feveral Tranfactions there. It hath been always granted by Letters Patents under the Kings Great Seal Durante bene Pkcito. This Office of later times is grown obfo- lete, the lad that had this honor, was the late Earl of Manchefler. Now the Lord Kcsffr ufually fupplies his place. H 4 The X52 €i)e piefent State tori The Fifth, the Lori Privy Seat, who js Privy a I-ord by his Office, under whole hands Seal, pafs all Charters ani Grarttf of the King, and Pardons figned by the King ; before, they come to theGrc^t Sealoi England ; alfo divers other matters of lefs concern¬ ment , as fer Payments of Money, (il'c. which do not pafs the Great Seal. He is by his place of the Kings Privy Council, andCheif Judge of the Courts of Heqiiefis , when 'it ffiall be re continued; and befides his Oath of Privy CounfcUort takes a particular Oath as Lord Privy Seal. His Salary is 1500 l.pr annum 't His place according to Statute is next to the Lord Prcjident of the l\ings Council, Dignity. H is an Office of great truft and skill, that he put not this Seal to any Grant with¬ out good Warrant under the lyings Privy Signet-, nor v/ithWarrant, if itbeagainft Lan or Cuflom, until that the King be firft acquainted. This great Officer is mentioned in the Statute of zRick. z. and then ranked a- raongftthe Cheif Perfonsof the Realm. And is at prefent enjoyed by ^tfhn Lord Roberts, Baron Roberts of Truro, late Lord Lieutenant of 7 re/.r«.'/, and executed by Commiffioners under him, who are Sir Edward Veering, Sir Thomac Strici^Und, and Robert Milward Efq- The rfCitgtoij.' ij? The Sixth Great OiScer of the Crown, Chm^ \iXlicl9rilGr£,it chambcrUinof England, bfrlain^ an Officer of Great Antiquity, tp whom belongs Livery and Lodging in the Kingft Court , and certain Fees due from each Anhbifhop and Bijhop when .they do their Homage or Falty to the King, and front all Peers of the Realm at their Creation, or ^oing the Homage or Fealty j and at the Coronation of any King to have Forty EUs- of Crimfon Velvet for his own Rohe$; ani on the Coronation day before the King rjfeth, to bring his Shirt, Coyjc, H'earing Chaths 3 and after the King is by him apparelled an4 gene foi-th, to have his Bed and allFiirni- tine of his Bed-Chamber for his Fees, all' t'nc Kings Higbt Apparel, and to carry at ihe Coronation tbeCoife, Gloves, an^ linnen , to beufed by the King upon that occafiun ; alfo the Sword and Scabbard > and the Gold to be offered by the King, andt the Rohe Royal and Crown, and to undrefs and attire the King with His Rater Royal:,. and to ferve the King that day bcfore’an<| after Dinner with iVater to waffi his Hands, and to havetheBa/on Towels for bis. Fees, This Honor was loog enjoyed by the Earl's of Oxford, from the time of Henry tkr Firft, by an EjiateTayl or Inter'Unce tthat in the two laft Coronations by the Earls of Lind fey, and that by an EJiatc of Inheri¬ tances from a Daughter or Heir Generali «laitSKd and controverted, 154 pief^nt dtate Confiallc The Seventh Great Officer is the L.crd High Conftdblc of England, fo called fome thinkfromthe Saxon Cuning, bycontrafti- on King and Stable, Suafi RegK Column ; for it was antiently written Cuninjiable, but rather from Comes Stabuli , whofe Power I and Jurifdiftion was antiently lo great, that after the death of Edward ha- git or Stafford , Duke of Budiingkam, lyai, the laft High-Cenjiable of Eng- landi it was thought too great for any Sub- jeft. But fince, upon occafion of Coronati¬ ons (as at that of King Charles the Second, was made the late Earl of Northumber¬ land ) and at Solemn Tryals by Combat ( as at that which was intended between Key iniRamfeyt l6^i. was maie: Robert Earl of Lind fey ) there is created Pro ilk Vice, a Lord High Conflable, His Power and Jurifdiftion is the fame with the Earl Marfial, with whom he fits ^udge in the Marjhals Court, and takes placeof the Earl Marjhil. “Eifl ^ The Eighth Great Officer of the Crown, Harfial. is the Earl Marflul of England, fo called from Mare in the Old Saxon (/. c.) Horfes j and Schal, Prafeefus. He is znEarl, fome fay,by his O^ce, whereby he taketh as the Conftable doth, Cognifance of all matters of War and Mrms , determineth Contrails touching heeds of Arms out of the Realm upon Land, and matters concerning Wars within the PfiZ/w, which cannot be deter¬ mined by Common law. ' This of ^ttglanu; 155 Ihis Office is of Great Jntiquity of England) and antiently of Great Power. Thelaft Earl Marjhal was Henry Howard Earl of jirundel , who died his Father Thoma/t Earl of Arundel, and hs enjoying that Office onely for the term of their lives by the Kings Letters Patents. At the Coronation of Hh Majefties nov» Reigning, the prefent Earl of Suffolli for that Solemnity o-nely was made Earl Mar- JImL At prefent that Great Office isexeouted in part by a Commiffion granted by Hit Majeji} to ^ohn Lord Robert r, Lord Privy Seal, to Henry Fierpointldarquefs of Por^ ckcfier, and to Charles Howard Earl of Carli/le, cir c. The Ninth and lad Great Ofitor of the AdmltM Crown is the Lord High Admiral of Eng- Lind, whofe Trull and Honor is fo great, th.tt this Office hath ufually been given either to fome of the Kings younger Sons, nearKinfnten, or to fome one of thehighed and cheifeft of all the Nobility. He is called Admiral from-Amir in Aral- Itch, andlhiOr in the Greeks that is PrUKE of 70 rk;. *57 I5S ptcnt State CHAP. xm. Of the Kings Court, the Ecchfajlkaf Civil , emd Adilitarj Goverment thereof, mth a Catalogne of thi Kings Privy Comfellors, of the Kings fudges, Serjeants, See. T He Court of the King of Engknd is a Monmhy within a MoMrchy, conilft- ing of Ecckfiafticdy Civil, and Miliury Perfons and Government. P r r ■ Por the Ecclefiaflical Government of fticiil‘^~ Courts there is firft a Peinoi the Kings Chappeljwho isufually fome grave ^ ^‘Learned Prelatej chofen by the King, and ' who as Venn acknowlcdgeth no Supcrioiir but the King; for as the Kings Palace is exempt from all inferiour Temporal Juris- diftion, fo is his Chappel from all Spiri¬ tual •, it is called CapelU Pominici , the Vcmciin Chappel, is not within the Ju- rifdiiflion or Diocels of any Bilhop, but a.s a 'Kegel Pcculier exempt and referved to the Vifitaiion and Immediate Go¬ vernment of the King, who is Supreme Crdinery, and as it were Prime Bifliop over all the Churches and Bilhops of Eng¬ land. By the Dean are chofen all other Offi- tejs of the Chappel, v/'t- a Subdean or Freeccutfr fmeuw CapelU'j jx Gentlemen of the Chappelj whereof ii are Priejts y iai one of them is Cftifejfo/to the Kings Hou- ihold, whofe Office is to read Prayers every Morning to the Family, to vilit the Sick, to examine and prepare Communi¬ cants, to inform fuch as delire advice in any Cafe of ConfciencS or Point of Reli¬ gion, ©'c. ' ' The trther le GentlemCB i fcommonly called Clerks of the Chappel, are with the aforefaid Priefls to perform in the Chappel the Office of Divine Service in Pra/ing ; Singingy Sec. One of thefe be¬ ing well skilled in is ehofen Wajier cf the Children, whereof there are j a jn Ordinary, to inftruft them in the Rules and Art of Mufick for the Service of the Chappel. Three other of the faid Clerks are chofen to be Organifisy to whom are joyned upon Smduyeh Colkr-dayesy and other Holy-diyesi the Snickbuts zni Cor¬ nets belonging to the Kings Private Mu&k, to make the Chappel Mulick more fall and compleat. There are moreover 4 Officers called Vergers, from the Silver Rods carried in their hands, alio a Scrgeunt, a Tcomeny^itd. a Grootn of the Chappel. In the Rings Chappel thrice every day Prayers are read, and Gods Service and Worffiip perfqrmec with great Decency, Or¬ der, and Devotion, andfhould be iPiit- tern to all other Churches and Chappels of Englmd. 1^0 ©Je p^efent ©rate The I(;ing hath alfo his {private Oratbiy where forac of His Chaplains read Divine Service to the I^ing on working dayes every iMorning and every Evening. Twelve dayes in the year, being high and Principal Feftivalsj His M^efly after Divine Service, attended with His P^tinci-; pal Nobility, adorned with their Ce^lldrr of the Girtcr , together with lome of the fff- rulds in their rich Coats, in a grave folemn manner at the Altir Offers a Aim of Gold to God, in fignumfptcijlis Vominii, that by His Grace he is I^ing, and holdeth all of Him. All Offerings made at the Holy Altar by by the I^ing and Queen, did antiently be¬ long to the difpofal of the Archbifhop of Canterbury, if His Grace were prefent, wherefoever the Court was, but now to the Dean of the Chappel, to be diftributed amongll the poor. Thofe 11 dnyes are,firft Chri/imas, E^er, iHitfundiy, and AUSairttSiCAiki HouJkjld- dayes i apon which the Befant or Goldxo be offered, is delivered to the l^ing by the lord Stervird, or fome other of the princi¬ pal Officers; then Hcre-years-day') Trfelf- day, upon the later of which, Pran- t(^incenfe and Myrrhc, in feveral purfes are offered by the I^ing ; Laftly, Cindlemar , Annunciation, Afcenfioa, Trinity Sunday , St.John Bapt/ji, and Michaelmafs-day, when oneJy Goldis offered. Upon Chrifi- mafr, Eafiert and ff^hitfnndayi His Majefly afually receives the Holy Sierment, none but two or three of the principal Biihops, of England* i^i Ind fome of the Royal Family Commnni* eating with Him. The Gold offered by the J^ing at the AI- tar when he receives the Sacrament, and up¬ on High Feftivals, is ftill called the which antiently was a Piece of Gold Coyned by the Emperoursof Covftmino- fie in Latin Biimium. That which was ufed by BCing ^mef- was a Piece of Gold having on the one fide the Pourtrait of the i^ing kneeling before an Altar with Four Crowns before Hiiiij and with this Motto circumferibed, Qmd retribu 4 mBo~ mino pro omnibm qua tribuitmihi 5 andoa the other fide was a Lamb lying by a Lyon, with this Motto, viz. Cor Qontriium ids'hu- mlkwn non defpicietDm. The I(;ing bath alfo ( befides many Ex- lr.iordmry ) 48 Chipluins in Ordinary j who are ufually eminent Doftors in Divi¬ nity; whereof four every Moneth wait at Court to Preach in the Chappel on Sun- dayes and other Feftivals before the I{ing 3 and in the Morning early on Sundays be¬ fore the Houfhold, to read Divine Service before the i^ing, out of Chappel daily as afore-mentionrd, twice in the lyings pri¬ vate Oratory, to Give Thanks at Table in the Clerk of the Clofets abfence. In rime of Lent, according, to Antien® Laudable Cuftom, the Divine Service and Preaching is performed in a more Solemn manner. Antiently at Court there were Sermon* in lent onely, and that in the Afternoon, in the open Aire, and then only by Blfhops, - Deans) iSi pieC^nt State Deans, and Principal Prebendaries: Ous Anceftors judging that time enough, and thofe perfons onl_y fit to Teach fuch an Au, ditory their duty to God and Man. An- tiently alfo the Lent Preachers were all ap¬ pointed by the Arch-biihop of Canterlurji Now on the firft Wcdnefday called jjh- Tvednefduy, in the Morning , begins the Dean of the Chappel to Preach, on each Wednefdiy after one of His Majeflies more Eloquent ChapUins , every Friday the Dean of fome Cathedral or Collegiate. Church: on thelaft Friday alki Good- friday, is alwayes to Preach the Pean of Weftminjter j on every Sunday in Lent fome night Reverend BiJJjop Preacheth, and on the Iaft 5 ’«»(iaj'of Lent, called Palm-Sun-, day, is to Preach znArch-bifliop, and up¬ on Eafter-day the Lord Higb-Almoner, who is ufually fome principal Bifliop, that difpofeth of the Icings Aimes, and for that ufe receiveth (befides other moneys al¬ lowed by the King ) till- Deodands- idf Bom Pelonum de fe, to be that way dit pofed. In France the Grand Aumofnier is prin¬ cipal of all the Ecclejiafiiqucs of the Court, and all Officers of the Kings Chap- pel j he receiveth their Oaths of Allegi¬ ance, and himfelf fwearsonly to the King for that Office; he hath the difpofition of all Hofpitals, the Charge for delivering Prifoners pardoned by the K'ng at his coming to the Crown, or at his Coronati¬ on or firft entrance into any of his Ci- tiesj of CnglanD* i 6 s Under the Lord High Almoner there is 3 Sub-Almoner, two Yeomen 3 and two Groomr of the Almonry. Befides all thefe, the King hath a Cler\ of the Clofet, or Confcjfor to HisMajefty, who is commonly lome Reverend difereet Divine extraordinarily efteeraed by His Mijefly,'whofe Office is to attend At the Kings Right hand during Divine Service , torefolveall doitbti concerning Spiritual matters, to waite on his Majefty in His pri- vate Oratory or Clofet, whereof the Keeper is Mr YhomOA Donliley whofe Fee is 5 /. The prefent Dean of the Chappel is Doftor Blanford Bifhop of Oxford, v/bofe Fee is lOo/. yearly and a Table, his Sub¬ dean is Doftor Jsner, whofe Fee is 100 L yearly. The Fee of each Priefl and Clerk of the Chappel is 70 /, yearly. The Clerff of the Ciofet is Doftor Crew Dean of Chichefter^ a younger Son to the lord Crew of Stene in Com. Northumftoti, receives zo Nobles Fee per annum. The Lord High Almoner is Doftor Henchman, Bifhop of London, hath no Fee; his Suh~Almoner is Doftor Pcrinchef3 whofe Fee is 5 /. 6s.iod. For the Civil Government oi tVe Icings CivHGo^ Court, the chief Officer is the Lord Stew- ^oertimSKt (trd, called alfo in the time of Henry the Eighth, The Great Mafter of the lyings HouJhold,ikex the French Mode, but Prf- mo Maria, and ever fince called T&e tori Steward of the Kings HoufhM. i 64 picfent ©tate The State of the Uotifc h commit¬ ted to him, to be rule^ and guided by his difcretioii •, and all his commands in Court to be obeyed and ferved. And as his Power is great, fo is his Dignity, State, and Ho¬ nor. The Stcroxri and Treafurer within the ^ings Houfe, faith, nn old M^ntifcript , reprefent the Stxte of M Exr!. He hath Authority over all Officers and Servants of the Ha«/c, except thofe of H« Mijepet Chappel, Chamber, and Stable, (^yc. He by his Office, without any Commif- fion, judgeth of all diforderr,, as Treafons , Murders, Felonies, Bloo.iflieds, committed in the Court, or within the Verge , which is every way within Twelve miles of the chief Tunnel of the Court (onely London by Charter is exempted, ) for the Law having an high efleem of the dignity of the icings fetled Minfion-Houfe, laid out fuch a Plot of Ground about his Houfe (as a Hint Pas, or Foot-Cxrpet fpread about the Flings Chair ofEftate , that ought to be more cleared and void, then other places J to be fubjeftto afpecial exempted Juril- diftion depending on the Perfon and Great Officers, that fo, where the I(_ing comes, there Ihould come with him Peace, and Order, and an Awfulnefs and Reverence in Mens hearts.- Befides, it would have been a kind of cclipfing of the lyings Honour, that where the King was, any Juftice fhould be fought, but imme¬ diately from the I(iagjown Officers; and therefore from very ancient times, the of Cnglanlj. jurifdiftion of tke Verge-, hath been execu¬ ted by tWe Lord Steward, with gi-eat cere- inoiiy, in the nature of a Peculiar lyings EcNcb, and that not onely within, but without the %jngs T>omimons: For fo it is recorded, that one Engleam of Hogent in Etance, for ftealing Silver Dilhes out of the Houfe of Edward the Firft, King of IngUnd, then at Parit Rafter the matter had been debated in the Council of the King of France , touching the JurifdiSion; and ordered , That the King of England ihould enjoy this Kingly Prerogative of His Houfhold) was condemned by Sir Robert fni-fokn, then steward to the King of England, and hanged in Saint Germins Fields. The Lord Steward iss. iVhhe-Staff- 0 $- ccr; for he in the Kings Prefence carrieth a White-ftaff , and at other times going abroad, it is carried by a Foot-man bare¬ headed, This White-ftaff is taken for a CommilTion; at the death of the King,over the Herfe made for the Kings Bony, he breaketh this Staff, and thereby difehargeth all the Officers, whom the fucceeding King 5 out of His meer Grace, doth re- cftablilh each one in his former Office. This eminent employment is now-enjoy¬ ed by ^ames Duke of whofe Fee is loo /.yearly, and Sixteen Difhes daily each Meal, with Wine, Beer,1iPc, The next OPneer is the Lord Chamber- who haththe over-fight of all Officers belonging i6s tSS €i)e piefent State belonging to the Kings Chamber, except the Preckas of the Kings Bed-Chamberjwhich is wholly under the Groom of the Stole ; and all above Stairs; who are all fworn by him, {or his Warrant to the Gentlemen Uftiers) to the King. He hath alfo the overlightof the Officers of the Wiritohes^ at all His Majefiies Houfesj and of the removing Wurdrobes, or of Bids, of the Tent!, Revels, Muficli, Cmeikns, Hunt¬ ing, and of the Mejfcngers., of the Trumpet- terSi Drummers, of all Handycrafts, and ‘Aitifans, retained in the Kings Services. Moreover, He hath the over fight of the Heralds and Pmfivants, and Sergeants at Arms •, of sXi Pkyftcians , Apatkecaries, Surgeons, Barbers, Sec. To him alfo be- longeth the overfight of the Chaplains, though himfelf be a Layman ; contrary in this particular to the ancient Cuftom of England, and Modem Cuftotoof all other Kingdoms, where Ecclefiafticks are never under the ordering of Laymen. Alfo of the Chaises of Coronations Marriages, Entries, Cavalcades, Funerals, Kdtc. The Fee of the Lord Chamberlain of the Kings Houfe is loo /.yearly, and Sixteen dilhes each Meal, with all the Appurte¬ nances. This Office is now in the hands of Henry ^ermin Earl of St. Albans. Moft of the above-named Offices and Places are in the gift and difpofal of the Lard Cbambcrlain. The 1^7 Of €nslanD» The Third Great Officer of the Kings Court, is the Mafier of the Horfe, ancient¬ ly called Comes Stabuli, or Constable, to whom a higher employment and ’power was then given, and tbiv taken from him. This Great Officer hath now the order¬ ing and difpofal of all the Kings Stables* and Races, or Breed of Horfes j and had heretofore of all the Pofts of EngUni-. He hath alfo the power over Efeuiries, and Piges] over the Footmen, Grooms^ Riders of the Great Horfes j Furriers , Smiths , Coucbmeriy Sadlers y and all other Trades working to the Kings Stables'; to all whom he (or by his Warrant the Avener) giveth. an Oath to be true and faithful. He hath the Charge of all Lands and Rfvenucs appointed for the Kings breed of Hotfes, and for Charges of the Stable * and for Litters, Coaches , Sumpter-Hofr fes,Sic. Heonelyhaththe Priviledge to makeufe of any Horfes, Pages, Footmen, belonging to the Kings Stable. At any Solemn Cavalcade he rides next behind the King, and Leads a Lear Horfe of State. This Great Honor is now enjoyed -by George Duke of Budiinghani. His yearly Fee is 556 /. Id/. 4 d. and a Table of Six-- teen dilhes each Meal. The acconnt of the Stables for Horfe^ meat, Livery, Wages, and Board-Wag« , are brought by the Avener y teing^ chi« Cloth Under thefe Three Prindpal Officers of Hh MijeJiesVlovifhoM, are akaoftall the other Officers and Servants. ^ , i Firft, under the Lsrd SteViti »u Compting-houfe, is the Treafnrer of the Hotijiwld* CemptroUer, Cofferer. M4er of the HOuJlML Two clcris of the Green-Cloth. Tvo Clerlis comptrollers. One Ser^ednt. Afftgnment. The Grootiu Ae Accompts fo»U mufhold, arc there uken daily by the l.ori StemrL the Treafurer.ComptroUer, ,k cX. the«»/kr V wait OH theKing.when He eats in private,, for then the Cup bearers. Carvers, and; Sewers do not wait. The yearly Fee to each is i ooo /, Their Names follow according to theirr Order, Jo/j« Earl of Bath, Groom o{ the Stole,, and Frll Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber., Gforge Di^ of Buckingham, 178 C6e ^tate Chxrles Duke qf Richmond. Cbrijlopher Duke of Albemntlei Wiliim Duke of Hewcaflle. ( Ogle. \0§ory. tirl oi icrcr Knight. Henry Progers Eiq; Sir Robert Pje Knight. jy.\elifeEiq-, Wdter Stric\Uni Efqj The Fee to each of thefe is onely lol. yearly, according to the antient Cuftom 5 but they have alkwnnee ior Diet to each tool, yearly, befides Lodgings and two Hoik Livencs. Next is the Chief Avencr , ftom Ave- Hi 0ms ; whole yearly Fee is 40/. and this place with all the following, are in the Gift of the Mafier of the Horfe. This Office at prefent hath ^ofeph Crog Efquire, There is moreover one Clerk of the SUhle, mUirn Uotgin Efquire , 4 Yeo¬ men Riders, 4 Child Riders , Yeomen of the Stirrups Sergeant Marlhal and Yeomen Farriers, 4 Groom Farriers, Sergeant of the Carriage , j Surveyors i a Squire and Y eoman Sadlers, 4 Yeomen Granatorsj 4 Yeomen Purveyors, a Yeo¬ man Peckman, a Yeoman Bit-maker, 4 Coachmen, 8 Littermen, a Yeoman of theClofeWaggon, 64 Grooms of the.Sta¬ ble j whereof 30 are called Grooms of the Crown Stable, and 34 of the H«»tr»|;and PiiSt.ible, i6 Footmen in their Liveries to run by theKings Horfe. There is (befidesfome other officers not here named) an Ancient Officer in the Kings Houfholdj called Clcrliof the Mer¬ est, who within the Verge of theKings Houihold is to keep a Standard of all Weights and Meafures, and to burn all falfe Weights and Meafures ; and from the Pattern of this Standard are to be taken allthe Weights and Meafures of the King¬ dom. There are divers other Offices belongs ing to the King of great importance , which are not fubordinate to any of the 5 fore-mentioned Great Officers, as Mafier of the Great Wardrobe, Pojlmajfer, Md~ fier of the Ordnance , Warden of the Mint ; whereof in the Second part of the Prefent State. In the Court of King fitter there were many more Offices , and to many Offices there belonged many more perfons, which King Charles thePirfi much lefl'ened, and the prefent King now Raigning hath yes Icffened much more, K 2, tljjon i:tie pitfent ©rate llpontbe King ave alfo attending in hU Court the Lords of his Privy Council, the Reverend Judges, the Learned Col- iedge of Civilians, the Kings Council at Law , the Kings Sergeants at Law, the Maftersof Requefts, Secretaries of State, Clerks of the Signet, Clerks of the Coun¬ cil , Keeper of the Paper Office or Papers of State, &c. of all whom take, the Ca¬ talogue following. Names of the Lords of His Ma- jefies M(ji Honourable Erivj Cem- cil. H is Royal Highnefs the Duke of rork. His Highnc-ls ?rmc Riipcrf, *' Gilbert Lord Archbiffiop of Cmerhu- i"-- ’■J'- ■- ’ Sir Ovkndo Bridgman , Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. ■^ohn Lord Roberts Lord Privy Seal. George Duks of Buckingham » Mailer of theHorfe to his Majefly. ^atnes Duke of Ormond} lord Great Stewardof his Majefties Houfhold. iVilliam Cavendijh} Duke of Memaflle. Henry Lord Marquis of Dorchefler, Avobrey Earl of Oxford. ^amesEivl o( O[fory, iRobert Earl of Lind fey Lord Great Cham-. faerlain of of (Snslantt* W Edmri Earl olMunchefter , lord Chaca- berlaintohis Majefty. Harlot By-idgcmtcr,. Robert Ear! of Leicc[lcr.. Henry Erilof St. Albnns.. EJ/pir./Ear! of Sandwich. fohtt Earl of Bath , Groom of the Stole: to his Majefty.- Arthur Earl of Angle fey. Charles Earl of C irlijla iVi'diam'Ez.tloi Craven,. J'. Earl of Rothes, his Majeftifes Com- miflioner in Scotland. Jo. Earl of Lotherdalc, Secretarjr of State- in Scotland. Jo. Earl of Middleton. ^ohn Earl of Tweedale. Richard Earl of Carbery j Lord PtefiJent of jVales. Ro^wEarlof Orrery. Humphrey of London. Henry Lord Arlington , of his Ma^^ jeftiesPrincinal Secretane> of State. 'p Trancis Lori Newport, Co.Tii;:.coier of'' h'is Majefties Hnuftiold. Denfcl Lord Holies. fobn Lord Berielcy. n Anthony Lord- Afilcy Chancellour of Exchequer. Sir Thomtis Clifford Knight, Treafurer of' his Majefties Houftiold. Sir George Caterer Knight, Vice-Gham>- . berlain to his Majefty. Sir Jo/;»^Kor Knight j one of his Ma»i- Jefties Principal Secretaries of State,. K 3 Sip 1^8 Cte p^efent State sir ThomatIngrmKnight, Chancellor of the Dutch), Stx Willum Morice Knight. Sir ^ohn Duncomb Knight, fir Thomas Chichi). The Names of all the Khgs Jadget, the Kings Conncel at Law-) and the Kings Sergeants at Law ^ &c. "I N the High Court 'of Chancer), The Right Honourable Sir Orlando Bridgeman Knight and Baronet; lord- Keeper of the GVeat 5 eal > with whom fitds AffifiantJj Sir Harbottle Grimfion Baronet, Malkr of the Rolls, Sir William Child Knight, Doftor of Laws, Sitfufiinian Levcin Knight, Do'ftor of Laws. 5 ’ir Thomas EJicourt Knight. Sir Sfnniiford Brampftone Knight, Doftor of Laws. ^ir Nathaniel Knight, i^ir William Glafcoch Knight, yir ^obn Coel Knight. Sir Robert Steward Knight. sit Timothy Baldwin Knight, Doftor of Laws. Sir Andrew Hachet, Knight. Sir William Beverjham Knight. Thefe .twelve are called Mafters of Chan- eery. in In the Court of the Kings Bench. Sir Mutbcw Knight,Lord Chief Juftice of the Kings Bench. SiirTbomis Tvoifden Knight and Baronet. Sir WilLiim Alorton Knight, Sir Richird Rmsford Knight. In the Court of the Common Pleas. Sir ^ohn Vxughin Knight, Lord Chief Juftice of the Common Pleiis. Sir Thoms tirrel Knight. Sir jdfjn Archer Knight. Sir WilUm Wilde Knight and Baronet. In the Court of tfce Exchequer. Sir Edmrd Turner Knight and Baronet Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, i’lr ChrijlopherTurner Kt. Sir Timothy Littleton Kt. Sir Hugh tvindhm Kt. Clement Spelman Elqj Thefe are all the Principal Judges in EngUndj who to the Kings High Honour and his Kingdoms great Happinefs are perfons for Knowledge , Courage, Uncor- ruptnefsjiT'c. equal if not fuperiourto any other in former Kings R aigns. The lyings Sergeant, and Learned Coimilat Lm. Sir ^ohn Maj/nard Kr, the Kings Sergeant st Law. 200 ctic p?efeml©tat« Sir Hencage Finch Knight and Baronet ^ the Kings Attorney General. Sh- Frxncif North Son to the Lord North} the Kings Solliciter General. Sir ^ob Charlcton Knight , Chief Jufticc of Ckcfler, His Majefties Sergeant at Law. SivVFilliitm Scroggs Knight, his Maje- fiies Sergeant at Law. 4 'ir Edwxrd Thurl(ind)Ln\g\it, his Majefties Councel, Learned in the Law. Robert Milroird Efquire, his Majefties t Juftice at Chefier, and Councel Learn- ed in the Law. Tkc 2 ^en Conforts Councel at Law. Mr. Montague the Qu_eens Attorney Ge¬ neral. Sir Robert Adkins Knight of the Bath} the Queens Sollicitor General. Sir Frederic li Hyde Knight, her Majefties SrigeantatLaw.i The '^censMothers Councelwasi, Sir Peter Ball Knight, Attorney. Henrj/ Jf'in Sollicitor. the Riilie of York’s Councel. Sir Edmrd Thnrland Attorney. S;r Francis Gooiric'^ Sollicitor. efChgTant/i- Sergeants at Lml Sergeant. r Nudigate. Seys. \tVaUer.. I Brme. Tonrnour. EUys.. Hardres. Wilmott. , fit, a airc Goddard. _ Sir Rich. HopliinS'Kii. and above jo® Horfe , who are always in pay and readi* nelstoaflift upon any occalien^ there are Guards of Horfe and Foot. The Horfe-Guard, which the French call Garde du Corps , the Germans L/e 4 Guar- dy , we corruptly Life Guard j that is , the Guard of the Kings Body , hath confi¬ ned of fooHorfemeiij all or moft Gen¬ tlemen and old Officers, commanded by the Captain of the Guard , now ^amcs Duhe of Monmouth y whofe Pay is 30 r. a day, and each Horfenjan 4 j. a day. The Horfe have been divided into Three parts j whereof zoo under the immediate Command of the Captain of the Guard, 150 underMonfieur leMarquis de Blanford and 15:0 under i’ir Philip Horvard', whofe Pay to each is zo s. a day. Under the Captain of the Guard arc nowonelytwo Lieutenants, sit Thomas Sandis , and Major General Egerton-, the Coronet isMr. Villars Son to the Lor A Grandifon.all'o n Quartermafter and four. Brigadeers. The Office of the Captain of the Life Guard is at all times of War or- Peace to wait upon the Kings Perfon (as oft as he rides abroad) with a confiderable num¬ ber of Horfemen well armed and prepa¬ red againft all dangers whatfoever ? At home within the Kings Houfe iois thought fit that the Kings Perfon fhould have a Guard both above ajid—belorv Stairsb, Ifl-. ofCEnglanU.' 205 In tktTrefence chambsr therefore wait the Honourable Band of Gentlemen Pen- feners » firft inftituted by King Henry J, and chofen ufually in all times fince out of the bell and moll antient Families of England, not onlyl^or a faithful Guard to the Kings Petfon, but to be as a Nurfery to breed up hopeful Gentlemen, and fit them for employments both Civil and Mi¬ litary, as well abroad as at home , as De¬ puties of Ireland , Ambaffadours in Fo- reign Parts, Counfellors of State, Cap¬ tains of the Guard , Govemours of Pla¬ ces , and Commanders in the Wars both by Land and Seaj of all which there have been examples, as George Lord Hnnfon Captain of the Penfioners at the death of Queen EUxabeth , intimated in a Let¬ ter to King ^ames before became to Eng¬ land. Their Office is to attend the Kings Per- fon to and from his Chappel, only as far as the Privy Chamber •, alfo in all other Solemnities, as Coronations, Fublicli Au¬ dience of Ambaffadours , &c. They are 50 in number, over whom there is a Cap¬ tain, ufually fome Peer of the Realm ; a Lieutenant , a Standard-Bearer, and' a. Clerk of the Cheque, who are at prefent- as lolloweth. The Band of Gentlemen Penfioners; ^ohn Lord Belafys Captain ^6o 1. Sir ^ohn Bennet Knight of the Bath, Liea- tenani a 5 o /. yearly,. 2^6 jj^eCeiit ©tate Siv^ohn WdlpDole KnightjStandard-Bear< er 200 /. yearly, Tbo. Wynne Efquire, Clerk of the Chtcli 119 yearly, ^obn Vingley Efquire, Edward Harbert Efquire. Thomas Hayler Efquire. WiUiamS'heldonE[c[aiTe, Sir Thomas Rowe Knight. Edward Broods Efquire. Sir Reginald Baronet, Rickard Harrifon Efquire. ^okn Rootes Efquire. Sir George Courthop Knight. Sir Philip Honyw'odKniBht. Sir Richard Hatton J{fliAt. Sir Edward Aljion Knight. Charles Slirimjher Efquire, William Cowper Efquire. Seafoule Gibfon Efquire. Sir George Knight. Charles Crompton Efquire; ^ohn Rdymoni Efquire. Sir Edmund Earlier Knight. Harbert Palmer Efquire. Roger Coleman Efquire. Anthony Gawdy Efquire. Edward Coleman Efquire, Fleetwood Dormer Efquire, Brett Horton Efquire. Sir ^ohtt RcaKfnight, william P/ 4 ^«/on Efquire,' AUington Paineter Efqnirei ^ohn'Freeman E'quire-, Hugh Tente Efquire, of Brootie ‘Epmi\e Efquire. 'Edmti Al^oii Efquire. Richard F if eld Efquire. George Farrington Efquire.’ Sir Thomas Gery I(night. Walter Jiw Efquire. William Forde Efquire. Thomas Eyre Efquire. Edward Games Efquire. ^obn Rirke Junior Efquire.’ Richard Wigmore Efquire. Robert Racres Efquire. Charles Radley Efquire, Thomas Shotterden Efquire. Rober Conyfby Efquire. Edward Cowper Efquire. William F airfaix Efquire. The Fee to each of thefeisioo/. )reafii ly* Richard Child Gentleman Harbinger to provide Lodgings for them, his Fee 707. I'l f. Ordinarily wait only one half of this. Band, and by Quarter.. Upon extraordinary occafions ail of them are fummoncd. Their ordinary. Arms arc Gilt Pole¬ axes. Their Arms on Horsback in time of Waiv are CutalTiers Arms with Sword and Pi- ftol. The Band of Penfioners is not under tire lord Chamberlain, but only under their own Officers, *re ufually fwona by: ... ^ 707 2G)S %tm the Clerk of the Cheque y whofe Office is to take notke of thofe that are ablent when they fhould be upon their duty. Their Standard born in time of War is, A Crofs Gules in ii-Fieli Argent, alfo Four Sends, Again, In the firft Room abo/e Stairs, called The Guxrd Chamber, attend the Tec- wen of the Guard of Hit Majejiies Body; whereof there were wonttabe Two hundred and fifty Men of the beft quality under Gen¬ try, and 01 larger flature than ordinary (for every one of them was to be fix foot high.) There are at prefent One hundred Yeomen in daily waiting, and Seventy more not in waiting •, and as any.of the One hundred fhall diCy his place to befilled up out of the Seventy. Thefe wear Scarlet Coats down to the knee, and Scarlet Breeches, both richly guarded with Black Velvet, and rich Badges upon their Coats before and behinde.More¬ over, Black Velvet round Broad-crowned Caps (according to the mode ufed in the ‘Reign of Henry the Eighth) with Ribbons of the Kings colour. One half of them of Jate bear in their hands Harquebuzes, and the other half Partifans, with large Swords by their fides. They have Wages and Diet allowed them. Their Office is to wait upon thel^/Hg in his fianding Houfesj Forty by day, and Twenty to watch by night; and about the City to wait on thel^/n^j Perfon abroad by Water or Land; The Captain of this Guard is at prefent George Lord Vicount Gnndifof!}^wbofe See p I oQo. /. yearly. Lieu-- of €nglanDv Lieutenant is Col thornns Howardj Fee 500 1. Enfign Edward Saclivile Efquire, Fee 300 1 . Clerk of the Chetiiie Richard Smith, Fee jjo/. Four CorporalsjFeetoeach i$o. ThelCin^j Palace Royal {Ratione Regijx. Viyc^nitatU ) is exempted from all Jurif- diftion of any Court Civil or Eccleliafti- ca], but onely to the Leri and in his abfence to the treafurer and C omptroler of the Ktngr Houjhold, with the Steward of the Marjhal[eyi who may by vertueof their Office, without Commiffion hear and,de- termine all Trcafons, Felonies, Breaches of the Peace, committed within the R,ings Court or Palace. The moft excellent Or¬ ders and Rules for the demeanor and car¬ riage of all Officers and Servants in the R,ittgs Court, are to be feen in feveral Tables, hung up in feveral Rooms at the Court, andfignedwith thel^/serown Hand, and worthy to be read of all Stran¬ gers. The Icings Court or Hou^e where the refideth , is accounted a place fo facrcd, that if any man prefume to ftrike another withiji the Palace where the Rings Royal Perfon refideth, and by fuch ftrohe onely draw bloodj his right hand fhall be flricken off,and he committed to perpetual imptifon- ment and fined. By the AntientLaws of Eng¬ land onelv firiking in the Rings Court, was punilhed with death, and lofs of goods,.. 20 ^ 210 Cfjc p^^fent State To niake the deeper impie/Iion and ter¬ ror into Mens minds, for ftriking in tlie lyings Court, it hath been ordered, that the puniihment for ftriking ihould be executed with great lolemnity and ceremony in brief thus: The Sergeant of the lyings Woodyurd. brings to the place of execution afquare Block, a Beetle, Staple, and Cords to faften the hand thereto, the Yeoman of the Scullery provides a great fire of Coals by the BlocTc, wherein the Searing Irons brought by the chcif Farrier, are to be ready the cheif Surgeon to ufe, Vi* negar abd cold Water brought by the Groom of the Saucery; the cheif Officers alfo of the Cellar and Pantry are to be ready, one with a Cup of Red Wine, and the other with a Manchet, to offer the cri¬ minal after the Hand cut off and the ftump feared ; the Sergeant of the E wry is to bring l innen towinde about, and wrap the Arm. The Yeoman of the Poultry, a Cock to lay to it, the Yeoman of the Chandry feared Cloaths theMafter Cook aftiarpDreffer Knife, which at the place of execution is to be held upright by the Sergeant of the Larder, till Execution be performed by an Officer appointed thereto, After all, he ffiali be imprifoned, during life, and Fine and Ranfome at the things Will. In the I(,ings Court not onely ftriking is forbidden, but alfo alloccafions of ftrik¬ ing i and therefore the Law faith, Nuila Ciw'mts Ciutiones am fummonitioner licet facets infra PalitiumRegU apud Weftm, vel alibi ubi Rex refidet. The Court of the RJng of Englandt for Magnificence , for Order , for Number and Quality of Officers, for rich Furni- ture, for Entertainment and Civility to Strangers, for plentiful Tables^ might compare with the beft Court of Chrifien- dom 5 and far excel moft Courts abroad ; of one, whereof fee the Defctiption made by an ingenious Perfon beyond Sea, wri¬ ting to a Friend of his at Court there, jdn~ non in inferno es Amice, quids inAuli tbi bidmonuin habitatio efi^ qui illic [uis mibm, (hamana licet efUgk) regnant, at- que ubi Sederunt ScbdlA eft, Animarum jeHnra ingens , at quicquid lifpim eft perfdim, ac dolt, quicquid crudelitttis ac incler/ientix, quicquid efrdndt* fuperhia wherein the King in a folemn manner dothwalh the Feet, death and feed as many poor old Men as His Majefty is years old, bellowing on every one Cloth for a Gown, Linnenfor a Shirt, Shooes and Stockings, a Joul of Salmon, a Poll of ling, 30 Ked and 30 White Herrings, all in clean Wooden Dilhes, Four Six penny Loaves of Bread, and a Purfe with a los. Piece of Gold. The Queen aifo doth the like to divers poor WDinen. CHAP. 215 CHAP. XIV. of the Queen Conforts Court. T He Queens Court, futable to the CoK- jort of fo great a I^ing, is Splendid and Magnificent. He.' Majeity hath all Officers and a Houlholii apart tVom the 5 maintenance whereof there is fetled 40000 /. per Mr.um. For the Ecclefiaftiquc Government of ner Court, there is firft the Grini Almoner3 ' Lord Fhilip Howard, Brother to the Duke of NorfoLli. He hath the fuperintendency over all the Ecclefiiftiques belonging to the Queen, Father Antonio Fertunde^ is Her Maje- llies Confeflbr. Bifhop Rulfel Almoner. Father Almoner. Father Paul dc Almeida Almon. Father Manocl Pereira Aim. Dodor r/jowar GeddenTreafurerot the Chappel. 2 Other Preachers Portuguez, Father Maftcr ebriftopher del Rofario a Domini¬ can ; and Father Antonio a Francifean. 5 Clerks of the Chappel. 6 Englifti Fathers Benediftins,Chaplains II Francifean Friers, Chaplains. Divers Perfons belonging to the Mufick of the Chappel j to ferve at the Altars,two Porters, ^c. For 2 i 6 ©tate For the Civil Government of Her Maje- fties Court, there is a Council confifting of Perfous of great worth and digni. Lord T^eeper'. Bid of Manchcfie^^ Earl of Chcjierjield. Earl of sandwich. Lord Holies Steward of the Revenue. Lord Vicount Brounlier Chancellor, and I^eeperof Her Majefties Great Seal. Lord Vicount Cornburji Chamberlain. Lord Arlington. • Lord Aplej. <. Lord Bdtmore. Sir Thomas Clifford. Sir fohn Trevor. Sir Thomas Ingram, Sir ttohnDuncomb. . Ralph Montague Efquire, Mailer of the Horle. George Monugue'Z.fc^arce. Sir WiUam T^iHegrert l^night, Vice-cnam- berlain. Sir Hencage Finche. . . , „ - Sir Richard Principal ^ecretaryj and Mailer of Rcquells. John Harvey Efciuire, Treafurer and Ke. ceiver General. ^ , iViUim Montague Efquire, Attorney ye- neral. 5ir Rohcrt Long l^night and Baronet. Charles mrbert. Sit of €nsUnt). %\t Henry Wood. . , , , - i Sir Robert Atl^ins Knignt of the Bithi Sol- licitor General. Sir fobn Arundel Knight. film Hill Efqulre, Surveyour General,' Rnneis Slingfby Efquire. Henry Slingfby Efquire. Gentlemen Ujhers of the Privy- Chamber. Sir Hugh Cholmley Baronet. George Porter Efquire. Alexander Stanhope Efquire. prancii Roper Efquire. Efquire. Cup-bearers. Sir MicholiU Slaning Knight of the Henry Guy Efquire. Carvers. Sir Gabriel de SylviU Knight. Sir ^^oIjnE/ww Knight. Sewers. Sir Charles Wyndham Knight. ^ohn Griffith Efquire. Five Gentlemen Ufliers daily waiters. Ten Grooms of the Privy Chamber. Seven Gentlemen Ulhers , Quarter- waiters, L ApotheU SI7 CDe p^cfent ^tate Apothecary, Chirurgeon. Six pages of the Bed-Chamber attending at the Back-ftairs Four Pages of the Piefcnce, Officers belonging to the Robes. A Surveyor, Proveditor, Cleik, Yeo¬ man, Groom, Page, Taylor, and Btuila- cr. Twelve Grooms of the Great Cham¬ ber. One Porter of the Back-ftairs, A Mailer of the Queens Barge, and 24 Watermen, Groom of the St'tc , Lady of the 'Robes and of the Privy-puiTe, is the Countefs of Sllfvl-k. i'even ctlicr Ladies cf the Ecd-Cham- ber, tvt Diitchefs of B:it I^inghm., Dutch- efs Dowager of Kickmond,^Cowntds of Bxth , Cciintcfs of Ciijilcm.iin, Countefs of Fxbnoiub, Lady Mxrfh.U, and Lady Gourd. Mrs. Chirloltc l\illcgrcw keeper of the Sweet Coffers. SixMxids of Honour. Ihefe are to be all Gentlewomen un¬ married, over whom is placed a Govemefs called the Mother of the Maids; who is the Lady Sxnderfon. There -are alfo 6 Chambrici fers. or Dref- Lady of iSnglant). 219 Lady Scfoopy who is alfo Madam Nurfe, Lady l^Hlegrew, Lady Fmfer, Lady ds Sylviih Mrs Thornhil, and Lady Clin¬ ton. A Laundrefsj a Semfirefsj a Starcher, a Neceliary VVoman, The-fe are all paid by Her Majefty, out of Her own Revenue. There are .befides divers Officers below flairs, and belonging to Her Majeflies Ta¬ ble and ft.able paid by the King, for which, there is allowed Twenty thoufand pounds more. CHAP. XV. of the Queen Mothers Court. ■J" He higheft Office in Her Majeffies Court was that of Lord Chamberlain and Stcwiri of Her Majeflies Revenue-, lately enjoyed by Henry Lorvd Germxin Bari of S. Alb,ins , whofe falary was and a Table of Diilies. Morffieur Vxntdet Vice-Chamba-lain> waofe falary was ioo 1 . pennnum. The third place was her Majeflies Chan-, ccllour , enjoyed by Sir Winter, Sir Henry FHood, and Sir Robert Long j whofe fbarywas and a Table of Diihes. I s The' 220p^tfent ©iatc The rext was the Lord Arundel of iVir- dcr, and the Count of the Empire, Ma- ilex of the Hori'e, whofe falary was Then Her Majefties Secretary Sir fohn Winter. The Treafurer, Receiver General of Her Majefties Revenues, Sir Henry Wood. Sir Tbonm Bond Comptroller of the Houlliold^ whofe falary was Sir Thonm Or/^and divers other Officers of the Robes. Four Gentlemen Ufhers of the Privy- Chambers, to each of which was 130 1. la- hry per annum, and diet. Two Cup bearers, two Carvers, two Sewers, two Gentlemen llffiers of the Pre- fen-ce Chamber, falary to each izol. and diet all thefe at a table together. Four Grooms of the Privy-Chamber, falary 60 /. and diet. Four Gentlemen lliliers Quarter-Wai- teis, falary 601. and diet. Four Pages of the Prefence. Eight Grooms of the Great Chamber. F or Guarding Her Majefties Per [on, ffie • had fitft a Captain of Her Guard, the Earl of St. Albans. A Lieutenant, Monfieur de la cha- felle. An Exempt of the Guards, Monfieur Fretnon. 24 Gentlemen Soldiers in Black Velvet Caffocks, and Golden embroidered Badges, marching or waiting about the Perfon of Her Afajefty when in Sedan, or at Chap- ^ pel of ^Btig!anD» pel or Table, or Coach- with two Hotfes ) on foot with Halberts; and when in Coach and fix Hnrfes, on Horfeback with Cara- bins j in all places within doors as with¬ out, covered. For to are of Her Majejiies Haltht There was one Phyutian and one Apothe¬ cary. For to Witt on Her Majejiyin her Bed- Chmber, There were firft the Ladies of the Bed Chamber ; the chief whereof was. The Dutchefs Dowager of Richmondi Si¬ fter to the prefent Duke of Biiclitngham > who was Groom of the Stole. And the Coumefsof Mewport Ladyei the Chamber. Of the Privy-Chamher there were four ladies allEnglifti, Fee 150/.each one; they lately were the Lady Price, the Lady ' Bond, &c. Women of the Bed-Chamber. S or 9, partly French, and partly Englifti^ In the.Liundry , The Lady Sunderf w was the Chief Lauudrefs. I Semftrefs. I Starcher. In the Stable, the Chief Qmrry or E/- cityer was Sir Edward Wingfields The many Officers in the Buttry,Cellar,. L'l Pantrys 222 Efje pieCent State Pantry, Ewry, &'c. fhall be for brevity paifed over. Her Majefty had alfo four Coaches with 6 HoiTes each, alfo 1 1 Footmen , a B.irge v/ith 11 men in Liveries: Moreover Pa¬ ges of the Back-Stairs four, 0 "c. In the Chappcl. There was firft the Lord Almoner Ab- bot MonUguCi 8oo /. per annum. Father Lamhart Confeflor toHerMaje- fiy, a Frenchman, 300 1 . per annum. Father Gou^h Prieft of the Oratory, Cl'crk of Her Majellies private Chappel, and AfTildarit to the Confeffor an Engfiih- A Lay-Brother of the Oratory, 40 1, Befides thefe, there was adjoyning to the Chappel a Convent of Capuchins, where¬ in was a Father Guardian , feven other Priefls, and two Lay-Brothers all French ■whofe Office was to perform the Office of the Chappel daily, alfo to Preach on Sun- dayes and Holy-dayes •, and in Lent three dayes every we-k; for the maintenance of thefe Her Majelfy allowed ‘iool. per an- Her MajeRics Revenue was for Her Jiwnturc 30000 1 . yearly, andofHis Ma- jeRy a Penlion of 30000 /. more out of the Exilxqucr, Divers of CnsIanDi '22 Da'-M’s other Offices belonging to Her Majcfiies Court, as Mailer ot Buck- Ho’Jl)d^, ami Bows and Mufick. MalUrof the Qneens Games. CHAP. XVL of the Duke of York’s Custt, ^ Entleinen cf the Bed-Chamber and Groom of the J iole the Earl of Pciet- herough. Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber , the Lord Hiivlcj. Treafurer of the Hourffiold , Sir AUn A'fjly, his Fee 403 Marks, or z66l. 13 s. 4 d. Comptroller,5’;V3:^n,ukn TreUny i661. Secretary , Mutlhew Wren Efquire, 100 1 . Keeper of the Pjivy Piirfe, Marquisrfe Blinqucfon, loo I, Mailer of the Robes and Groom of the Bed-Chamber, EdwMci Vtllicrs EfquirCj, i66 b 13 r. 4 d. L 4 Sk Ebe p?efent ©tatr six other Grooms of the Bed^ Chamber. Richard Nicols, *) Robert Worden, J Wuhard Talbott, 1 Henry Savik,, 1 Ro^er Vaughan, ^each loo /. Henry Howard) j Thomas Thynn > late 1 Envoye Extraordi- j nary in Swcthland. J lehftein^to His RoyalHighneffes Chajtpel, Alfflonerj Doftor Henry J^illigrcw , 1 OQ /. Five Chaplains. Dr. William Clar{, s Dr. William Thomof, / Dr, Richard Watfoe, , 50/. Dr. Turner, \ Dt. Doughty, ^ Chaplain to His Roy^‘ Hignefs as lord High Admiral Afr. Woodroof. Sacriftan, 40 1 . Keeper of the Clofet, 40 I, Gentleman-Uflier,80 1 .-. ■ Four Gemlemen Waiters, each 40/. Yeoman of the Robes, Mr. Lawrence du Tuy, 601. Eiuilier, 40 1. Yeomaa or erttsTcmir; Yeoman of the Wardrobe, Hilip Kin- nerJley,Sol. Two Barbers,each 8 a 1. Four Pages of the Back-flairs, each 3©;/;. One Groom of the Privy-Chamber. One Groom of the Prefence A Fire-maker in the Preience. ao?r Scarbomghy One Chyrurgeon, One Apothecary. A Secretary of the Languages, loo/, ^'"'iJ^"’'’"-Harbinger , yo /. befldes^ Riding^ Charges, 8 r. 4 per diem. Semflrels and Laundrefs to the Bodv du PuyfiJ^Q 1.. ^ laundrefs to the Table,, Mrs ferine I 507 . ^ Jeoman of the Wine-Cellar, Mr ^ Jeoman of the Beer-Cellar, Mr. Pierce „ Yeoman of the Poultry and Larder 3.0 '• ^Yeoman of the Woodyard and ScuUeiyJ Ofthe Pantry and Ewry I Porter 50/. Keeper of the Armory, 50/.. Trumpeter /. Neceffary Woman, 40 1 . Chamber-Keeper to the Maids, idL- Sotdeman. i f OUiF 'tf)e vttUnt ©rate One Clerk to the Commiflioners, 50 /. Meflenger to the Commiflioners, 71 1. ^ ^Door Keeper to the Commiflioners. Clerk of the Kjtchin, Jo /. Matter Cook, 40/. Second Cook, 30/. Three Turn-broaches, each 18 /. J. One Scourer, 18 /. J x. , Pan-keeper,' Porter of the Kitchin. Cole-Carrier. VommlVkitebtill. Gardiner. Officwof His Highncfs Revenue.- Treattirer of the Revenue, Sir JUn jip- '^Attorney-General, Sir Edmri Turner ^ SolUcitor-General j Sir Edmrd Thur~ kndriol. ' I Sollicitor, Charles Porter Efqmre 40 1. Auditor GmevihTbomit Holder Efquire, ^ ^ Afliftant to the Auditor Mr. Brond. Meflenger to the P.evenite, Mr. Vutm, 71 /. 18 X. 4 d. Officers of the Admiralty. Mate Sir VVillim Turner. Mr. Vav’d Biid-.^ Mafler of the Buckhburids, Mr. VVd- finghmi joo /. Three Huntfiuen of the Buclthounds. Four Huntfmen of the Fox-hounds.: Teacher of the fetting-dogs. Mafier of the Barges, 50 /. Twenty four Watermen. Penfioners, Officers and Serums in hii Htgfmffies: Stable. J4emy ^emin Efquire, Mafter of tire Horfe, 265 /. 13 r. 4 d. Two Elcuytie?,each too /.' Clerk of the J-tables 60 L i’urveyour of the Stable 40 /. Yeoman Rider, S-'o/. Two Pages of Honour, each locr/. Fourteen Footmen, each 39 /. Fifteen Grooms, each 3 2 /. i o ,r. Three Coachmen, each 78/.'for themC lelvcs, 3 Poflilioiis, and three Helpers, to¬ gether withLinnen, Stockings, andLive- nes twice a year. Two 5 ’umpter-men,each i 6 l. Three Muleteers, each z 6 I, Porter of the ,ftabies, 3 z /. 10 r.. ss3 officers and Servants belonging to^ Her Royal Highnefs the Dutchefs of lately kceafed. /^Roomof the Stole, Countefs of Roi chejteri 400 /. Lady of the Bed-ChamberCounttfi of Feterboroughi 100 1 . ^ our Muidj of Honour. Mrs Anbel Churchil, 20 U UtsDorotbyHomydiZoU y[f% Anne Ogle, 10 U Mrs Mary BUgue, 10 1 . Mother of the Maids, Mrs Lucy Four Bed-Chmber’lVQmen> fArsK^therine Elliot, 100 1 . Mrs M^rgmt Dowfon, 150/.. Ur%LelUCrMmer,i<,o.l, lidiApJley, 1^0 U StarcherMrsAfitty RochC, Semftrefe MrsEKen Green, 50 /. LaundrefsMrsMftr^ CovodrCi ^o.l. Lace-Mender. Secretary to Her Highnefs , Sir PhiliP Frond,001. Two GentlemenUfcers,each Sol. Four Centlemf n waiter*;,, fitOEnslanU. FourFi^esof the Back- each 40 /. Matter Cook, 40 1, Neceflary Woman, 40 /. Eighteen Watermen, each 2 1, Matter of the Horfe to the Dutchefsiwas SitKUJwdPortle,z 66 l. 131. 4rf. Two Efcuyries,each 100 /. Eight Footmen, each 39 1. Four Coachmen, each 78 /. for thenv- felves, Pottillions, and Helpers. Five Grooms,each 32 /. 10 Two Chairmen, each 39 1. Officfrt Servants to the of C ambridge, Utdy dtceafed. G Overnefi, Lady frmit Villjers ^ 400 /. UnderrGoverncfs, Miftrefs Hiilbert Hol. Wet Nurfe, Sal. DryNurfe, 80/, Tutor of the French Tongue, Monfieur lefne, tool. Three Rockers, each 70 1. Laundrefs to the Body, 6al. Semftrefs. laundrefs to the Table, Page of theBack-ftairsj^o/, | Neceffary Woman, 40/. Cook 3 8 /. 5 J-. Mu{ician3i/. 4.^, FourFootraen., 230 t:f)e p^efent State One Groom. One Coachman, Poftillion, and Helper. officers and Servants belonging to the Lad] Mary. T Wo Dreffers. Mi&reh Anne ffdfinghm Sol. Miftrefs Mirj Langford 8o 1. Rocher, Miflrefs 4.tne Leieh yo 1. Semftrefs, Laundrefs, ]A\?Lre^s'Eli\aheth Broolis $Qh Page of the Back Stairs 6o 1. Dadng-Mafter lool. Singing-Mailer lool. Servants to the Lad] Anne. 'pvReffer, Three Rockers. Semllrefs. Pagedf the Back Stairs. Neceffary Woman. Set vants to the Lady Catherine, His Royal Highnefs upon ail occalions when he goes abroad, without the Kingjhath for his particular Guard a gallant Troop of Horfe, commanded by Monfieur da Blanc fort. CHAP, fif€nglanl)» 251 CHAP- XVII. of the 1 hree States of England, and firfi of the Clergy , and therein of their Dignity , Name , Degrees , \ LL the Sabjefts of Englmd aredivi- Clergy jML ded into Clcrgy and Laity : The Liity their fubdivided into Nobility and Commond-Dignity,' ty. Thefe are called Ordines Regni, or the yhree Sute^) and firfi of the Cler- gy- As Heaven is more honorable than Earth-, the j'oa/than the Bei/j fo is the Spiritual fiinciidn more excellent than the Civile and the Sacerdotal Dignity higher than the Secular : And therefore in England the Clergy, Catcris paribus, hath ever had ('accoidingtothepiafticcof all other Ci¬ vilized Na* ions fincethe World began,) the, preference and precedence of the Laity, and •hath in all times been reputed the firfi of the Three States. The Clergy fo called, becaufe they are Gods 'lOfrp'rr or Port/o» ; for although all Chrifiians may be (tiled Gods Portion, as well as Gods Serv.ms, yet amongft Chri- flians thofe' PeiTons whom God hath fet apart, and leparated frojn common ufe to Name.\ to his Service, to be as it were hisDoi nieftick fervants ,• are more peculiarly the lords Portion And therefore from the firft Age of Chriftianity, the Perfons fo fet apart, ha^ve been called Ckrici , Clerks. degrees. As in the Sme^ fo in the Church} the Laws and Conftitut'ions of EngUnd, would not that there fhould be a parity asd equa¬ lity of all per fons, Q^ppe inEcdefitsnihil magis inaquile qum cequaliw. And there¬ fore ' in conformity to the firft Times and Placet of Eftiblilhed Chriftianity, fofoon as the Chtiftm Edith was by Authority received, in England. , one of the Clergy Bijhop. was in every City ordained a Bijhop ; who hath ^ to avoid Confufion which ufually fprings from equality) a preeminence over the reft of the Clergy within certain Pre- cinfts. Afterwards the Bijhops being neceffitated to meet about Publick Affairs of the Church, as Co\n[ecrauons} Conftilutwns for remedy of general diforders, for Au¬ diences ’judicial, when the aftions of any Bilhop fhould be called in queftion •, or Appeals from Bijhops, &c. It feemed re - quifite to our Anceftors ( according to other Chriftian Churches (ever fince the ffrii Hicenc Council ) to have amongft a cer¬ tain number of Bijhops , one to be chei£- eft in Authority over the reft ^ from thence A , - named Archiepifpopm. , Arch or Cheif M (JnglanD* 233 For eafing the Biffiop of feme part of , his burthcHj as the tiumber of Chriftians waxed great, or the Diocefs was large, there were ordained in the Primitive Times Ckrepifeopi, Suffmgan, or Subfidury Bi- sufra- jhops. Accordingly in the Englijh Churth g^n Bi- of a long time there have been fuch ordained by the name of Bipops Suffrages or Titular BiJhopSi who have the Name, Title, Stile, and Dignity of Bifliops, and (as other Biihops) areconfecrated by the Jrchbi{hop of the ; each one to execute fuch Power, Jurifdiftion,and Authority, and re¬ ceive fuch Profits as are limited in his Com- niiffion by the Bilhop or Diocefan, whijfe Suffragan he is. Suffragan Biffops by an ef Parliti^ nentoi Henry the Eighth flill in force, are to beonely of thefc Towns following. The Suffragan Bijhop for the Biocefs of Canterbury muftbeat Vover oncly, for Tor^ at Nottingham -and for London at Colchejler, for Burham at Bervicli, for Winchefler at Guilfirdy Southampton, and the Ifle of Wight, for Lincoln oxBedfori, Leicefter, Grantham, inA Huntington, for Norwich, at Thetford and Ipfwicb, for Salisbury at shaftsbury, Melton, and Marleborough, for Bathe and Wells at Taunton, for Hereford, Bridgenorth, for Coventry, and Leichfield, Shrewsbury , for Ely at Cambridge, for Exeter at 5 ". Ger- mins, for Canelifle it Perith. Thefeonely to be the Sees of Biffops Suffragans, and no more Suffragans allowed, then fo many tex 2^4 p^^fent to each D.iocefs, as above mentioned. In Publick Affembjies they v^ere to t.ake place next after the Temporai Peers of the Realm. In the abfence of the Bilhops, employed oft upon Embaflies abroad , or redding at Court to advife the King, thefe did ufually lupply their places, . A Suffrlgxn Bifiop is made, in cafe the Arcbbijhop or fome other Bifiop, for the better Government of his Diocels, defii'i the fame ; and infuchcafe, the Biflnp is to prefent two able men for any one place ' aforenamed, whereof His Majefty chufeth > one. For a fupply of able and fit perfons to affift Bllhops, or to be made Bilhops, it feemed good to Reverend Aotiouity, that in every Diocefs a certain number of the more prudent and pious Paftors fhould be placed in a Collegiite manner, at every Cdthedml or 'Epifcopxl See ; where they might notonely be ready toaflifl the Bifhop ih certain weighty cafes •, but alfo fit them- felves (by gaining experience and loofing by little and little their former familiarity •with the inferior Countrey Clergy) for Government and Authority in the Church. Accordingly in every Cxthcdnl Cbwcl) In EngUnd, there are a certain number of I Prebcndxries or Cxnons, and over them a I Dexs. in Latin Vecxnus, from J'sw; be-j caufe antiently fet over Ten Canons at the leaft ; who isfometimes filled Alter Epif- Arch- cDpi Oculuty the other being the Jrchdex- dcxcon. con , who (though a Presbyter hintfelf) is fo named for his charge ovev the Vex- cons i of CnglanD^ cons-, who are to be guided and direfted by him under theBifhop. Next is the Kurd Pwnjfo called, becaufe he had ufually charge over Ten. Country Parfons, He was antiently called Archi- Presbyter, becaule he had the guidance and direftion of other Presbyters. In the laft place are the P^t/iorr of every Parifti, who are called ReClors, unlefsthe Predid Thhbs be iimpropriated, and then they are called Vicars, d^uafi vice fartgentes Pchorum. InEngknd sre 7v/o Arcbbijhops, Two and twenty -Bijhops, no Suffragan Bijhops at prefent, Twenty fix Deans of Cathedrds and CollegidB Churches i Sixty Archdeacots, Five hundred forty and four Prebendaries ^ many Rural Deans, and about Ninethou- fand feven hundred Refers and Vicars, be- fides Curates, who for certain Stipends afSft fuch Rcciors and Vicars that have the bare of m^re'Churches than one. Thefe (if it be confidered of what great Learning and Abilities they are ^ whatgreat Authority and Sway they ufuaily bear over the Laity, to incline, lead, and draw them j what great Priviledges and Immunities they do or ought to enjoy, and how much means they poffefs) may well be reputed the firft Member of the Three States of Eng~ land. It hath been provided, not without fingu- Privi- larwifdom, that as the ordinary courleof ledges ef common affairs is difpofed of by general the Cler- Laws 5 fo likewife mens rarer incident Ne- gjr. ce/Iities 2 s 6 ^ p?eCent ceffitiesand Utilities fhould be with Ipecial equity confidered Hence is it that fo many Friviledget, Immunities, Exemptions, and Difpenjitiens, have been to the Clergy of England, granted in all times. Our An- cejiors thinking it very reafonable, that as Soldiers were wont by the Roman Emperors, to be endowed with certain Priviledges for their warding and fighting topreferve the State from External Enemies, fothe Clergy ought to have certain Immunities and Priviledges for their iVatching and Spiritual Warfare to preferve the State from Tntern/il Enemies^ the World, the FUJI), and the Devil. Ht ferventur immunes Clerics, quo Caflrh fuit fedulo commormes, vigiles excubias ducentes fummo cceli Jmperatori iUeefos pofulos reprafentent, Legibia efeHum eft, ut quan plurima in Frivilegii conceffaJint, turn ad eorum per- foniis, turn bona ac res fpeUantia. Of Priviledges, fome belong to Arch- lijhops, fome to Bijhops, as they are fo, and fome belong to them and to the inferioj Clergy,as they are Ecclejiafiiclis or Church¬ men. Arch- Before the coming of the Saxons into bifiop. England, the Chrijiian Britiins had three Archbi&ops, vix- Of London, Lorh, and gaerleon, an antient great City of South- Wales upon the River Uske (as aforemen¬ tioned.) Afterward the Archiepifeopal Set of London, was by the Saxons placed at canterbury, for the fake of S. Aufiin the Monk> who fitft preached the Gofpel theis of CnglanD* 237 w the Heathen Saxons) and was there bu¬ ried. The other of Cacrleon was tranflated to S. Davids in Pcmbro{eJI)ire, and after¬ ward fubjefted wholly to the See of Cdn- terburyi fence which, all England and Wales reckon but two Arcbbijhofs , Canterburyy and Tor^. The Archbilhop of Canterbury antient- Canter2 lyhad as well over s\\ Ireland as “ England , and the Irifti Bifhops received their from him ; for Ireland had no other Archbiftiop until the year One thoufand one hundred fifty and two; and therefore in the time of the Twofirft ' Norman Kings, it was declared, That Canterbury was the Metropolitan Church of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Ifles adjacent. He was therefore fome- times ftilcd a Patriarch ( and Patriarcha was a Cheif Bifhop over feveral Kingdoms or Provinces (as an Archbilhop is of fe¬ veral Diocefles ) and had feveral Arch- bithops under him; was fometimes called Altcrm Orbh Papa (yp Orbis Brittannici Tontifcx • and matters done and recorded in Ecclefiaflical Affairs ran thus, Anno Eontifcam Nojlri prime, fecundo, (iAc. He was Legam Nam, that is, a perpetual Legantine Power wasannext to that yfre^- hijhopricli near One thoufand years ago . whereby no other Legat, Nuncio, or Am- bajTador from the Bifhop of Rome, could here exercife any Legantine Power without fpecial Licence from the King. Hewasfo liighly refpefted abroad, that in General Councils 23& Cfie p^efent @tate Councils he was pliaced before all other Ai'chbilhops, at the Popes right Foot. He * -was at home fo highly honored- by the King of England, ('that-according to the pra- (ftice of Gods oiMaPeople thejews^ where Jaron was next in Dignity to Mo fcs, and according to the praflice of moft other ebrifiian Sutes ■, where the next in Dig¬ nity and Authority to the Soveraign, is ufually the cheifeft Perfon of theClcrgyj. he was accounted the fecond Perfon in the Kingdom) and named and ranked even be¬ fore the Vrinecs of the Blood. He enjoyed feme fpecial marks of Royalty , as to he Patron of a BiJJ)opricli (as he was of Ro- ckefier ) to CoynMoneys, to make R^nrghts, andtohavetheWardfliips of allthofewho hdd Lands of him ^ure Hominii (as it is calledj although they held in capite otkzt Lands of the King ; a Princely Prerega- tiuC , even againltthe written Pre¬ rogative. In an ancient charter granted by iViUiam. the Conepueror to Lanfranc Archbiihop of Canterbury, he is to hold his Lands with the fame freedom in Dorninico /ho (as the words are) as the Kingholdeth his in Donii- * nicQ [no, except onely in two or three Cafes, and thofe of no great importance. It is an Antient Priviledge of the See of Canterbury , that wherefoever any Man- nors or Jdvovefions do belong unto that See , that place forthwith becomes ex¬ empt from the Ordinary, and is reputed a Peculiar, and of the Diocefs of Canter¬ bury. The of €nglanl). The Archbifliop of Canterbury , by the fivor of our King , is judged fit to enjoy itill divers conliderable Pre-eminences. He is Primate over all England, and Me¬ tropolitan,hath a Siiper-eminency and fonie Power even over the Archbifliop of Torli 3 h-tth Power to Summon him to a National Synod^and Arcbicfifeopia Eboraccnfis veni¬ re dehet cum EpifcopirfiiK, ad nuinm ejm, in cjt'4 Canonicis difpofitionihui tbediens exijiat. The Archbifliop of Canterbury is at this day Primus par Regni, the firfl: Peer of England, and next to the Royal Pamily to precede net oncly all Dulies , but all the Great 0§iccrs of the Crown, At the late Solemn Coronation of our prefent Soveraign, I't was exprcfly ordered in doing homage to the King, thataccord- , ing to antient cuftom, the Arcbbijhops and : Bijlwps, Ihoiild precede even the Duke of [ Tiir^J;, and all the Lay Lords. He is filled by the King in His Wtits I direeled to him, Pci Gratia Archiepifeopo \ Cantahrigicnfi and writes himfelf Pivirnt \ Proviicntia, whereas otherBilhops write, ■ Viviu Pcrmijfionc i and he isfaid to be I inthroned, when heisinvefied in the.^rc?;- [ lifiopricfi. I ^ To Crown the T^ing belongs to him, and, I it hath been refolved, that wherefoever the. Court fhall happen to be, the l^ing and- Sdipen are Spcciales Pomeftici Purochian}' Domini Ar. Cant, and had antiently the floly Offerings made at the Altar hy the 239 240 C()e p^efent State King and Queen) wherefoever the Court ftiould happen to be, if his Grace was there prefent j alfo the Power of appointing the Lent Preachers i which was thought by our Anceftors much more fit for a Prelate or Spiritual Perfon to do (as in all othgr Chriftian Courts) then for any Laj Lori, as hath been ufed in England,Rnce one Crom- Tvel was by Henry the Eighth made Picar General, and placed above the Archbifhop of Canterbury. TheBilhop of London is accounted his Provincial Pean, the Bilhop of iVinchejier his chancellor, and the Bilhop of Rochcfier his Chaplain. In writing and fpeaking to him is given the Title of Grace (as i» to all Dukes) and Mojl Reverend Father in God. He hath the Power of all Probate cf Teflaments, and granting Letters of Ad- miniftration, where the party dying had Bona Notabilia, that is, Five pounds worth or above, out of the Diocefs wherein he died; or Ten pounds worth within the Dio- cefsof London-, or if the party dying be a Bilhop, though he hath no Goods out of the Diocefs where he died. Alfo to make Wills for all fuch as die inteftate within his Province, and to adminiftet their Goods to the Kinred or to Pious ufes, according to hisdiferetion, which moft tranlcenden:, Truft and Power is fo anciently in EngUni belonging to Bilhops, that the belt Anti¬ quary cannot find the firft Original there¬ of. By of Cnglantj* By Stdt.ii H- 8. he hath the Honour and Power to grant Licences and Vifpenfitians in all Cafes heretofore fuedfor in the Court of Kome , not repugnant to the Law of God or the Kings Prerogative: As to Allow a Clerk to hold a Benefice in Ccw- rnendum or tru^ ■, to allow a Son fcontra¬ ry to the Canons) to , fucceed his Father immediately in a Beneficejto allow a Clerk rightly qualified to hold two Benefices with Cute of Souls; to abolilh irregularity got¬ ten without a mans, own default, as by defeft of Body or Birth , or by accidental killing of a Man, eit’c. toaboliflithe guile ! of Simony; to allow a Beneficed Clerk \ for fome certain caufesto he Non-Refident: [ for fome time ; to allow a Layman to hold i a Prebend, &c. whilfi by ftudy he is pre¬ paring himfelf for thefervice of the Church to grant Difpenfations to fick , to old Peo¬ ple , to Women with Child, to eat fletli oudnys whereon it was forbidden ?■ to con- flitiite publick Notaries, whofe fingle Te- I llimony is as good as the Teilimouies of I any two other perfons. All which fore- ! memioned Licences , Difpenfations , itTc. I the faid Archbilhop grants by himfelf, or 1 by his Deputy , called the Maftcr cf Fii- j ciiltics, in all his Majeflies Dominions j ncept Scotland •, for all the new late ac- t quifitions to this Crown , as Virginia , j km -England, Barbados, Bermudos, &c. were heretofore added by due Authority to the Province of Canterbury , and put un¬ der the DiocefsoLLondon. HehathaJfo the Power to grant Lit eras fttitorias., M whereby 243 p^efcnt ^tate whereby any one that brings his appeal, may profecute the fame without any mo^ leftkon •, to bellow one Dignity or Pre¬ bend in any Cathedral Church within his Province upon every Creation there of a new Bifltop •, who is alfo to provide a lufti- cient Benefice for one of the Chaplains of the Archbilliop, or to maintain him till itbeeffefted. . . By the SUt. Primo Eli^- u is provided that the Queen by the advife of ^/ren- bilhop might ordain and publifit fuch RightsandCeremonies as may be for Gods Glory, for edifying of the Church, and due P.cverenceof the Sacraments. He h.ith the Prerogative to Conlecratea -Billlop (though it mud be done in the pre- fence .'>nd svfihtlie ailiftauccof two01 her Bilhops Gas every Bilhop gives Ordination but ufually with the aflifiance or Presby¬ ters) to affign (;c- called ti out the Saxon Word Bijicop , and that from the GrceJi speculator, Explo- raior vcl S’upcrintcndcns, .an Officer a- 1 motigflthe Heathen fo called, ; pani& viciui quotididno, Epifeopus cnim txpudChrifiiiV.os prxcfi piniis" v’iUui [piri~ tMli / All the Biffiops of EngUnd are Barons ji and Peers of the Realm, they are Barons by a threefold manner (which cannot be faid of the Lay Lords) they are Fcoddlia regard of their Lands and Baronies an- next to their Biffioprichs. The y are Barons hyWrh, being fiimnioned by the Kings Writ to Parliament, and they are created ' Burons by Patent, wWicbhy their Confe- ftation is always exhibited to the Archbi- lliop. They have the Precedence of all Temporal Barons under Vicounts. Inthe Parliament have place in theUpper Houfc in a double capacity , not only as Baronsi But as Bifliops j for before they were Ba¬ rons of ^nslanti* 145 rans, th«f had in all tihie? place ili the Great Council of the Kingdom : and there ever placed oh the Kino'iright hand , not only to give their Advice as'the Judges do, hwt id traUindun, ordinindum , Jtitucn- dum, dcfnicndum, See. They have the Title of Lords and Right Reverend Fathers. All Bilhops in England have one or nvotranlcendent Privilcdges, which feem almolt ; as, In their own Court 5 to judge and pafs Sentence alone by them- ielves, without any Colleague or Jjfe(for^ which is not done in other of the Kings Courts , for the Bilhops Courts ("though held by the Kings Authority VirtutcMa- g//irat«r|((/) are not accounted to be pra- per/y the Kings Courts, and therefore the Bishops fend forth ^rits in their own Names, Tefie the Bifiiop, and not in the Kings Name 5 as all the Kings Courts pro¬ perly fo called do. Moreover B'ihops have this other tranC' cendent Priviledgc, to depute their Autho¬ rity to another (as the KingduthJ either to their Bifitops Suffragans, to their Chan- cell our s , to their Commiffarics or other Oificers , which none of the Kings Judges may do All Biihops have one Priviledge above and beyond all Lay Lords, whj-. That in whatfoever Chriftian Princes Dominions they come , their Epifcopal Dignity and Degree is acknowledged; and they may, quateniis Bifijofs confer Orders, ty'c.where- as no Lay Baron, Ftcount, Marquis, nor } is in Law acknowledged fuch, cut M3 of 24« t:()t pietent State of the Dominions of the Prince who con¬ ferred thofe Honour?. The Laws and Cuftoms of England are fo tender of the Honour , Credit, Repu- . r tation and Perfon of BiUtops our Spiri- Fathers, that none might (without fpecial Licence .from the King firft obtai- ^^,:v(/^ned) be endifted of any Crime before any ■ Temporal Judge. Upon fevere penalty by our laws no man may raife Reports, whereby Sandd may arifetothe perfon of anyBiihop , or Debate and Difcord between them and the Commons of England. In Civil Trials,wher.e a Biffiop is Plaintiff or Defendant,the Biftiop may as well as any lay Lord , challenge the Amy, if one at leaft be not returned of the Ju¬ ry , and it (hall be allowed unto him as a Priviledge due to his Peerage. In Criminal Trials for life, all Bifhops by Magna Ghana and Staf. 25 Edm. j. are to be tried by their Peers, who are Barons, and none under; notwithftanding the late conceit of feme Lawyers, thatbecaufeBi¬ fhops may not be on the Crhninal Trial of a Peer, therefore are not to be tried by Peersjfor fo neither may Bilhops be tried by a Common Jury, becaufe they may not be j on the trial of fueh men. Moreover, Noble Women may not be on the Trial of Peers, | and yet they are to be tryed by Peers of the Realm. And there is no Legal Precedent in- England of aBifhop remaining a Bilhop , that ewer was tried for his life, but by Peers of the Realm. Antiently indeed Bifhops were of f nglantiv were fo exeraptfij 5 as not at alltobetti- till i{teidepr!Vi- ti.on’ini kgudmony and then being there¬ by, rendred no Peers, but common Perfogsj they might be tried by Common Juries. Since the Reformation j the EngUP) Pfotcjlm Bijhops hiye been foconftantly loyal and true to the Crovvri(to the envy of tlon~Conformifis) and fo free fro n all Capital Crimes, that there is yet no Pre- oedent in England, fvx their manner of Iryal,for life.: As fbr that,common Af- fert.ion , Thai'fi.o Lords of Farlkment are to be tryed by their Peers, but fuck as- fit there RationeNobilitatisjtfsd that all Lay- Lords hav.e place in Parliament for that rcafon. It is not onely falfe, but frivolous in the Judgement of very many Judicious Men. And indeed , ho\y ablurd and, un- reafonable muft it needs be (let all Mea judge) that an Archbidiop of Canterbury who is by all acknowledged to be Prinm Par Regni, fhould be tried by a Common Jury of Freeholders j when asthemeaneft Lay Baron , though created but yefterday, may not be tried by any under Barons? In Parliament, Bijhops a.s Barons, may be prefent and vote at the Tryal and Ar¬ raignment of a Peer of the Realm, onely before fentence of Death, or lofs of Mem¬ ber be pronounced; that they may have no hand in blood, no hand in deftroying, but onely infaving, they have by Canon Law the Privilcdge and Injunftion to abfent themfelves; and by Common Law to make Proxki tov.ote for them. M 4 . ^48 TrimoEliX.cip. a- It « exprefly de- clared,that all Lords of Parliament (with¬ out any exception of Lords Spiritual^ fhould be tried in that particular by their Peers. TheBiihops oVEAlUnd, en]oy at this day many other PriTiledges, as freedom from Anefts, Outlawries: Diftrefs per. Eqiiimurmot ini JoJtrnze; 'Liberty to hunt in any of the Kings Forefls or Parks, to kill one or two Deer,goidg from or com¬ ing to the King upon his Order j to have certain Tuns of Wine free from Import, The perfons of Bilhcps may not be feifed upon Contempt fas the Perfons of Lay- lords; buttheir Temporalities pnely may be feifed. Every Biftiop may by Statute Law qua- lifleas'many Chaplains as a Duke, vil. bix. The Law of En^^Und a'ttributeth fo very much to the Word of aBifhop, that not onclyintheTryalof B.ifi.irdy, the Bifhops Certificate ftiall fuffite , but alfo in Tryal of Hcrcfic, which toUcheth a Mans Life : Upon the Bifliops bate Certificate, that any hath beenconvifted before him of Hc- rejlc , the Secular Power puts him to death without any Tryal by his Peers. The Perfons of the Spiritual Governors 'of the Church of EngUnd , are of fuch high and tender refpeft in the eye of the Law, that it is thought fit toexaft the fame refpeft from a Clery man to his Biftiop or Ordinary , as from a Childe to his Father anJr and therefore made the offences of jR^rr/- cidc and Epifcopicidc equal, both Petty-Treafon, Next to the Two Archbifliops of Eng- Uni, the.Bifhop of LoaifoB amongft all the Bilhops, hath the pre-eminence. Epif- copM Londinenp (faith an Ancient Re¬ cord) fpceiali qundm Vignime ceteris meponenlui qua Ecclefix Cnntmrienfis Deciims ejl ProvincUlis. Being Bifliop oyer the Imperial and Capital City of England , it is by a Statute of later times exprelly provided, that he iTiould have the prefer¬ ence and precedence of all the Bifhops of England; whereby he is become (as here¬ tofore Lord Prior of the order of St. ^J)hn of ^erufalem) Primus Baro Rcgni, as the Lord Jhergavennj js PrimusBaro- uuml.aicoriim. Next amongft thofe of the Epifeopal CoHedge, is the Bilhpp of Vtirharn, within the Province of Torli, who hath been a Ciunt Palatine 6 or 700 years: Where¬ fore the Common Seal of the Biflioprick hath been of a long time an Armed Knight-, holding in one hand A Halicd Sword, and ill the other a Church. He hath alfo at this day the Earldom of Sidherge, annexed long ago to this Bifhep- rick by the- King. Ill the Fifth place, by vertiie of the fore- mentioned Statute, is the Bifhop ofWin- chefler , reputed antiently Earl of South- mpton) and fo Hiled in the Statutes of piefent State tl\e Uonoiiuhle Order of the Giirter by Henry the Eighth j though foon after, that Earldom was otherwife difpofed of. After thefe aforenamed, all the other Biffiopstake place according to the rity of their Confeerdtion, unlefs any Biihop happen to be made Lord Chancel¬ lor , Tredfurer, Privy Seal, or Secretary of State j which anciently was veryufualj as reputed for their Pfety , Learning, Sin¬ glelife, Diligence, &c. Far more fit for the advantage and fevvice of the King and Kingdom, then any Laymen : And in fuch cafe, aBifhopbeing Lord Choncellour, had place next to the Archbifhop of Canter¬ bury, andabove the Archbiihop of Torl^, and being Secretary of State j had place next to the Bifliop of Winchefter. All the Biihopsof Pngland now living take place as they are ranked in this Cata¬ logue. Dr, Gilbert Sheldon , Lord Archbifliop of Canterbury, Confecrated Biihop of Lon¬ don i66q, and Tranflated to Canterbury 166 }. Dr. Richard Stern , Lord Archbiihop of 7 or\, Confecrated Biihop of Carlijle i660} and Tranflated to Torli 1664. Dr. Humphrey Henchman, Lord Biihop ef London, Confecrated Biihop oiSalif- hurj 1660 , and Tranflated to London J66i, Dr.J-ohn Dr. ^ohn Cajkif Coafecrated Biihop of Diirkm 1660. Dr. George Marlej,.C(>nfecntei ^iibop of iVorcejter 1660, and Tranflflted to IVinchefier i66i. Dr. Willim Lucy , Lord Bifljop of St. Puvidry Confecratfid 1660. Dr. Benjmin tansy. Lord Bilhop of my , Cpofecrated 1660 Bifljop of ?eter- borough 5 thence Tranflated to Lincoln ^ 1563,La% toSiy i66j. Dv. Gilbert Ironfide, Biihopof Briflel ^ Confccrated i 5 ^o. Dr. Edward Reynolds, Cotifecr-tted 1660. Biftiop of Horrsich; he is ajfo Abbot of St. Bennet cLe HutnO', the. ©le Abbot now remaining in England. Dr. widium Nicol[on, Confecrated Bilbop of Glocefler 1660, Dr. Herbert Crofts, Confccrated Biihop of Hereford i66t. Dr. Seth Wart, Confecrated Biihop trf" Exeter i66i. Tranilated to Salisbury I66y. Dr. Henjioxw , Confecrated Bifhop- of Peterborough i6Sj, Dr. Rdinhove, Confecrated Biihop of Cirlifle 1664. Dr. Bknford Confecrated Bifhop of Ox- ford i(J6'^,and Transited to Worce^er iSyt Dr. Biihop of Rocbcjter, Con-.- feciatcd 1666. Dr; ftu’ir Birttop-ofJUtJi-^i-G-enfe- crated i66y. Dr. Fuller Confecrated Biftiop of Lin- toln i6Sj. .Dl.Morgtin 25* tiTJe p^efent ®tate Dr. Morgan , Confecrated Bifhop of 'Bingor i66y. Dr. sprroiet , Confecrated Bi/hop of Exeter i66y. Dr. JVilliins , Confecrated Bifhop of Cbcjteri668. Dr. Gunning . Confecrated Bifhop of Chichefter 1669. Dr. Barrow, Consecrated Bifhop ofSt. jifapb 1570. Dr. Robert Creighton, Confecrated Bi¬ fhop of Bath and jVells 1670. Dr. Crew Son to the I-ord Crew, Confe- ctated Bifhop of Oxford i6yi. Dr.Wood Confecrated Bifhop of Lich¬ field and Coventry 1671. Dr. C4r/«n Confecrated Bifhop of Bri- ftolieji. The prefent Bifhops of England, for Gravity, Learning,and Piety, equal, if not exceed any of their PredecefTors, Thefe are all Barons and Peers of the Realm •, thefe have place in the tipper Uoufe of Parliament, and in the tipper Houfe of Convocation; and thefe are the Lords Spiritual : Next follow the Commons Spiritual, confiftingof Suffragan Bifhops^ Beans > Arch-Vcacons , Prebendaries i Rcciors, and Vicars ; to whom alfo belong divers confiderable Priviledges. All Suffragan Bifirps, all Deans, Arch- Beacons , Prebendaries , Rcciors , and Vicars, havePriviledges; foraeby them- lielvesj others by Proxy, or by Reprefenta- tive, to lit and vote in the Lower Uoufe oS Convocation, No ofCtiglanD: No SubfiJies or other Tax to the BJ/ng , may legally be laid upon them, without their own confent firft had* ih Convoea- tm. The Clergy (as appears by the words of the as alfo by Modm Tenendi Parlkm. which doubtlefs is very antient, although lefs by joo years then Sir Edward Col^e thought. And by ii Rich.t.cap.i i.) hath Per Procuratores Cleri j Place and Suf¬ frage in the Lower Houfe of Parliament^ a^ was antiently praftifed in England, and of later years in Ireland, ( though now not ufed in either) and as the Biibops Hill have and ufe in.the Higher Houfe of ParlU^ merit. No Clergy-man may be comjjelled to un¬ dergo any Perfonxl PunHions or Services of the Common-wealth, or to ferve in mr. If any Man by reafon of his Land be fub- jeft to be elefled to any Servile Office, if he takes Orders, he is free, and there is a purpofely to free him'. All Clergymen are free from the , Purveyors, tf\eK.ings Carriages, the icings Pop, &'c- for which they may demand a ProteHion from the King, Cum cUufula no- litmus. If a Clergyman acknowledge a Statute, his body fhall not ' be taken by vertue of any Procefs thereupon ; for the Writ runs, Si Uiais p, See. Clergymen are not obliged to appear at Sheriffs Tourns, or Viewes of Fr.tnl^ Pledge, there to take their Oaih of Allege- me, the Ancient Laws prefuming, That thofe 354 Hitje ©tate thofe, whofe Principal Care and Office Ihould be to teach the People and AlLegeme to their King, could not thein- ielves want Loyalty. By MagM CharUj no Clergyman is to be fined or amerced according to \iisSpiri¬ tual Means, but according to his Tempo- ralEJidte, 3 ai according to the-Gri?«e com- mitted. , , TheGooisoS Clergymen are difcharged by the Common Law of England feona Tolls and Guftoms (Si non exerceant M-archan- dixas de eifiem ) of Average , Pontage , Murage, Pmage ; for which they have the i^/»|;j*rFirzno difcharge them- The Glebe Lands and Spiritual Revemcs of Clergymen, being-heijdr In putra ilT'pcr- petuaElcemofyna (/. c.j-In Branl^alnioine., are exenapted from Arraying andMufiet- iBg->.of Men or Horfes for tfeWar, as ap¬ pears in a Statute ftill-i-nrforcej'yf^. 8 H.4. Num. 11. In the Unprinted RoHs of that Parliament. The Clergy being by their FunBion pro¬ hibited tpv/ear a Srr>,ord, or any ^rm(their Goat alone being- theit defence ) cannot ferve in Perfonin War, Theyfetve their Country otherwife , and for that ferxice have alwayes been thought worthy of their Spiritual profits and Revenues, and of the Kings Pioteftion. , The Clergy paying to the years Profits of all Spiriltual Benefircs, called Firfl-Pruils, and yearly the Tenth of all the faid Benefices ; are with great rea- fon thought fit to be ejjeaipted from ah oth-:r of ^nglanlj» other Taxes j though to give the laity good example^ they often Jay or other great Taxes upon themfelves. It was an Ancient Maxim in England, NuUm pro decimis dehet onerari de alifua repantione Pontis feu aliquibus oneribm I temporalibus. I Thefe and other Immunities of the f Clergy, the Great Aquinas thought agree- ; able to Natural Equity, or the Law of Na- ’ ture i thence it was, that King Pharaoh, Gen. 47. when all the lands of his Suhjcfts * were mortgaged to him for Bread, yet fpaw ted the Lands of the Prieils. So 7.24. ; and fo in our ancient Laws we find, J)e Da~ ) nigeldo libera GT quieta erat amnis Eccle- I fix in Anglia & etiam omnis Terra qua in I propria Potninio Ecclefia erat, ubitunque i jacebat, nihil prorfus in tali redditione per. I folvcns ’ and the reafbn thereof is added, ( Sma magfs in Ecclefiaconfidebat Orationir I hmquam in Armorum iefenfionibus. i Many more Priviledges , Immunities I I Liberties, and Franchiles there, are right- i ly belonging to the Clergy of England, j fo many, that to fet down all, fahh Sir Ed- ^ ward Co^e upon Magna Ckartiy would take ' up a whole Book. The Priviledges of the Clergy and Fran- chifes of the Church, welre (with the Li¬ berties of the People) granted, confirmed , and fctled by the King in full Parliament , Anno 1255, in fuch afolemn manner, as no Story can parallel it: The King Hood up with His Hand upon His Brcft, all the lords Spiritual and Temporal flood with ■255 256 State burning Tapers in their hands; the Arch^ biihop pronounced as followeth. By the Authmty of God Omnipotent-, of the Son, and of the Holy Gboft, 8 cc. IVe excommii- nieite, anithemiitiie, and feqttefier from Our Holy Mother the Church, all thofe mho henceforth k.n^mn^l'l nalicioujly de¬ prive and fpoil Churches of their Right, and all thofe that Jhill by any arc or wit raj})- ly violate, diminijJo, or alter fecretly or openly, in Deed, iVord, or Councel, thofe Rcclejiijtical Liberties, &c, granted by Our Lord the l^ingto the Archbijhops, Bijhops, Prelates, &c. Bor everlajiing memory whereof We have hereunto put Our Seal. After which, all throwing down their Ta¬ pers extinguiftit and fmoaking.they all faidj Soletall thatJloall go againji this Curfe, be extinU and ftinli in Hell. Since which all Kings of England at their Coronations have by Solemn Oaths promif^ed to prefeive the fame, and they have been confirmed by above 30 Succeffive Parliaments, commanded to be read once a year in Churches 3 and if any Acl; ihould be made to the contrary, it is to be held for null and void , by the Statute of 4 Edw. 3. Antiently men were very tender, and fearful to do any thing that might make them incur the faid dreadful cenfure : but of later times, efpecially fince out Reforma¬ tion , many men pretending to more Chrillianity, and to more knowledge, have made little cqtdcience of infringing and of ^nglanl)* violating any Rights, Priviledges i or Franchiles of the Church or Churchmen j whilft the Liberties of the People (though very little violated ) have been caafted, even to Sedition and Rebellion. To the end that men of the bell rank and abilities, Ihould in all times be encou- 0/ raged to embrace the moft painfpl and fe- cler~ vere Profellion of a Clergy man, and that gy the people Ihoald the more willingly be^ guided and conducted by them, Our moft Chriftian Anceftors, according to the Pattern of Gods antienc Paople the ^ews , and of all other Chriftian Com¬ mon-Wealths, Judged it expedifni; to .al¬ lot large Revenues and a moft .pjentiful maintenance to the Englilh Clergy; ha¬ ving obferved with Solomon that a Wife nian for his poverty..is too oft contemned and defpifed, and that there is nothing more contemptible and ridiculous than a poorClergy-nian. The firlV Kings of England, had all the Lands of England in Demefne. The fecond foie-Monarch amongft the Saxon Kings Ethelwolpkui, by the advice of his Nobles, gave for ever to God and the Church both the Tythe of all.Goods, and the Tenth part of all the Lands of England, free freni all fecular fervice , Taxations, or Impofttions whatfoever ; the Charter of Donation i? .to be feen ir^ lngulphus and other Authors y which Charter thus ends, mgere volucrit noflram doMtionem 25 § ^0^ ©tate C as many pious Kings and Nobles .fin’ce have done) Omnipotens Pm dm ejus profperus, ft quis vet-o miitare ve,L minue- re pmfumpferii, nefat fe Ai tributiAl Ghri- fti rationem redditumm. Befides the Tenth of Lands and the Huf- bandmars profits, Merchants alfo and Shop-keepers paii to their Spiritual Pa¬ llors the Tenth of their Gain, Servants in divers places the tenth.of their Wages, ('as Soldiers in the Kings Armies do now a part of their pay j and in fome places Ale fellers the tenth Flagon. Alfo Handicrafts-men and Dsfy-Labonrers paid the Tenth of their Wages upon their Oaths, if required. Per Afftfus Boreftie and other Records it doth appear, that Tithes haye been paid evenof Venifon in divers parts of Englund, men making confcience in thofe dhyes, as amongft the ancient Jews, to pay Tithes of all,they polfelTedi Befides all thofe, in fowe places were paid to the Paftor, Obventions, Oblati¬ ons , Penfions, Mortuaries, &c. fo that the Englilh Clergy were the bell provided for of any Clergy in the whole World, ex¬ cept only the Nation of the Jews, a- niongft whom the Tribe of Levi being not the fourth part of the iz Tribes, as ap¬ pears in the Book of Nwrafierr, yet had, as Mr. JeWenconfen'eth, and that by Gods own appointment, three times the Annu¬ al Revenue of the greateft of the 12 Tribes: in fo: much that the pooreft Pi'ieft in the 24 Gourfes might be reputfid a wealthy perfon. And as ajnongft the Jews the 14. Chief Prieftsjfor the better maintenance of their Authority and Dignity, had means far e». ceeding tWe of. toe inferiour Clergy, and the High Priefl had a maintenance as far exceeding any of the faid 24Prie{l:s. So in England the Bifliops by the great Piety and Bounty of feveral Engliflt Kings , had, in lands and Revenues temporal and fpirita> a], a maintenance far more ample than thofeof the Inferiour Clergy, and the two Arch-biihops more ample than the Bi- Ihops. William the Conquerour at his coming into England, found the Biihopricks then in being fo richly endowed with Lands, that he erefted them all into Baroiiies,and eve¬ ry Barony then confifted of i3Knights Fees at theleaft. Btfides there belonged to Bifliops feveral Perquifits and Dudes for the Vifitations; of their Diocefles, for Ordinations, In- ditutions, Cenjm CiOhedraticus fuhfidium' Charimivtim ; which upon, realonable Caufes they might require of the Clergy tinder them, alfo other Duties, called, Decimartm qmru , Mortuarkrum & Ob~ litmutn penjltatk,ftts mfpitii,FrocefJio , limia, Viatici vel Comrneam collatio j which upon a Journey to Rome they might demand. Tenths and Firft-Fruits were an- tientiy paid (as is believed) to the ieverai I^iocefans, and was continued to the Bi- ihop of iVarwcfe till Hen, S. deprivedhim thereof, and deprived the Pope of all the fcft. Moreover all Cathedral Churches i6o p^etent State were by divers Kings and Nobles richly furnilht with Lands for the plentiful main¬ tenance of a Dean and a certain number of Prebends in fo much, that together with the Lands given to Monafteries, a third part of the Lands of England belonged to the Church and Churchmen j whereby did accrue much benefit to this Nation, great Hofpitality was kept, many Hofpitals,Col- ledges, Churches, Bridges built, and other Publick, Pious, and Charitable Works. All Leafes held of them by the Laity, were not only much mure eafie than other Te¬ nures, but fo unqueflidnable, that there was little work for the Lawyers y fo much peaceablenefs, that 140 fworn Attourneyi were thought fufficknt to ferve the whole Kingdom, Atprefent the Revenues of theEnglilh Clergy are generally very fmalland infuf. ficent, above a third part'pf the bed Bene- fices of England being antiently by the Popes Grant appropriated to Monafteries towards their maintenance, were upon the diffolution of Monafteries made Lay-fees; befides v;hat hath'been taken by fecret and indiredi: means, through corrupt Conipofi- tions and Compafts andCuftoms in many other Parifhes ; alfo many large Eftates wholly exempt from paying Tithes, as Lands belonging to the Ciftertian Monks, to the Kinights Templars and Hofpiiallers. Thofe Benefices that are free from thefe things , yet ( befiJer. Firft-Fruits and Tenths to the King, and Procurations to the Bifhop) are taxed towards the Charges of €nslanD* ef their refpeftive Parifties J and to¬ wards the publick Charges of the Nation above and beyond the proportion of the Laity, The Bilhopricks of England have been alfo fince the latter end of H. S.totheco- niing in of King ^atnes , moft miferably robbed and fpoiled of the greateft part of their Lands and Revenues j fo that at this day a mean Gentleman of too 1 . Land yearly, will not change his Worldly ellate and condition with divers Bilhops: An At¬ torney, a Shop-keeper, a common Artifan, will hardly change theirs with ordinary Pallors of the Church. Some few Biftiopricks do yet retain a competency, amongft which theBilhoprick of Durham is accounted one of the Chief, the yearly Revenues whereof, before the late troubles, were above 6ooq L of which by the late Aft for abolilhing Tenures in Capitc, was loft above 2000 I, yearly. Out of it an yearly Penfion of 880 1 . hath been paid to the Crown ever fince the Reign of Queen Eli^ldbcth^ who promifed in lieu thereof fo much in Imfroprutions which was never performed. Above ^40 A yearly paid to feveral Officers of the Coun¬ ty Palatine of Durham. The Affifes and Seffions duly kept in the Bilhops Houfe, at the foie Charges of the Bifliop, The le- veral expences for keeping in repair cer¬ tain Banks of Rivers in Ovadenjhire be¬ longing to that Bilhoprick, and of feveral Houfes appertaining to that See. Moreo¬ ver the yearly Tenths, the Pirft-Friuts; 2^2 state and publick Taxes being dedufted^ there did remain cmmunibui amis to the Bifhop to keep Hofpitality (which muft be Great^ and to provide for thofe of his Family, but about ijoo f. yearly. It is true, that for 'cheTuture,whilll: Firfl-Fruits and Sublidies ceafe to be paid, this Biftops Revenue will be railed to yoo/. more per anntm\ and then the afore-mentioned 880/. being very lately by His Majefties Gracious Let¬ ters Patent under His Great Seal, begun to be releafed for all times to come, and about 400/. more per annum being added to that Revenue in divers Rents lately im¬ proved by the prefent Bifnop Dr.^oknCo. fins by the abatement of Fines (.which otherwife he might have taken tohimfelf) the whole yearly Revenues of this Biiho- prick began in the year 1^70 to be 3280/, per annum. Of other principal Bilhopricks the Re¬ venues have been much diminifht, feme enjoying not a fourth part of their Antient Rights. The great diminution of the Revenues of the Clergy, and the little care of aug¬ menting or defending the Patrimony of the Church, is the great reproach and fhame of the Englifli Reformation , and svill one day prove the ruin of Cliu ch and State, Judicious Mr. Heo\er (who in tli ’’r:- ficc of his Works foretold our late trou¬ bles 40 years before they came to pafs) obferving in his time how the Church was every day robbed of her Dues, and i' • it of €nfi^dn0. itwasthen anOpinioni'ife iThattogive t-o the-Church [melt of ^udxtfrne and Pope¬ ry, and to 'tal^e from the Church what our Auceft-ors had given , voa/s Keformatm ] declared., that what Mofes faith in the 90ch Pfalm, was likely to be verified of Religion and Gods Service amongft us,' The time thereof maybe Threefcore years and ten, if it continue till Fourfcore, it will be but fmall joy to thofe that (hall then behold the condition of the Englijb Church ; nor the beft read Hiftorian can produce one example of a happy Slate y where the hath been expoied to the peoples Contempt-, which mult needs hap¬ pen where their Benefees, their Mainte¬ nance is fcandalous, and thereby their Per- fons defpicable. It is thelailTrick,faiths.Gregory,that the Devil hath in the World, when he can¬ not bring the tford ond. Sacraments \ndi\h- grace by Errors sniHcrefies, he invented this Projeft to bring the Clergy into con¬ tempt and low efteem, as it is now in Eng¬ land ; where they are accounted by many as the drofsani ref life of the Hatton. Men think it a ftain to their blood, to place their Sons in that Funftion, and Women alhamed to marry with any of them; whereas atitiently in England ( as among the Jews, the Tribes of Levi was counted noble above all other Tribe , except that of the Royal Tribe of ^udah) theFunfti- cn of the Clergy was of fo high account and efteem , that not only the beft Gen¬ try and Nobility, but divers of the Sons 2(?4 p^efent State and Brothers of divers of our EnglilTi Kings fince the Conquefi and before, dif. dained not to enter into Holy Orders, and to be Clergymen, as at this day is prafti. fed in molt other Monarchies of Chrifien- dome. Etbelwolph Son and Succeffor to Egbert firft foie King of England, was in Holy Orders, and Bilhop of JVincheficr at his Fathers death, Odo Bilhop of Biy- euxin Normandy , was Brother to jViUim the Conquerour. Henry de Blok Brother to King Stephen, was Bilhop of VEincbc- fter. Geofry Plantagcnet Son to Henry the Second was Bilhop of Lincoln. Henry dt Beaufort Brother to Henry the Fourth, was Bilhop alfo of VVinebefier. And of later times that moll prudent Henry the Seventh had deligned his Second Son to be a Clergyman, to omit many others of No¬ ble Blood. Which Policy is ftil) obferved even amongll: the few Families of the Ro- milh Religion inEnghnd, wherein are to be found at this day,,foine Brothers or Sons o^Vulies, Narquiffes, Earls, and Barons in Holy Orders, and all the reft of the Stock of Baronets, Ifnights , or Gentry.- and for this caufe find refpeft not only amongft thofe of their own opinions, but even of th-e moll fober, moderate, and bell civili¬ zed Proteftants. Whil’ft this Policy laft- ed in England, ( which by the favour, and to the High Honour of the King now reign¬ ing, is in feme hopes tobe revived, for a Brother of the Earl of Nortbarr.pton, ano¬ ther of the Earl of Batb, a Son of the Lord North, another of the Lord Creva, another of ^nglanUf of the Lord Brereton, have been lately ^a- couraged to enter into Holy Orders) whilft this Policy lafted in Englsnd, the Clergy were judged the fiiteft Perfons to execute moft of the Chief Offices and Places of the Kingdona (according to the Divine Policy antongft Gods peculiar People, where the Prkfts and Levites were the principal Of¬ fers and 'fudges in every Court; to whom the People were to be obedient on pain of death j and the Laity did with much Reverence and Refped fubmit to them. And as then , Os Siccriotis, Orx~ culiiiii crxi plcbis {^iccoviiag to that of Miilxcki t. ~J.) So Os Epifeopi Oyxciilum er.ttKegu Regni, & Rexmpk^chxtuT jtnivcffum Clcriim lati fronte cx c» femper fihi cligcbxt primos i Confiliist pri^ mos iid officii Regni obeundx. Ermi igi~ tur fedebant in emnibui Regni ComhiU & Tribunxlibm Epifeopiy in Regili qui- im Pxbtio c\m Regni Mxgnntihus, in Comitxtu itnu cum Comitc, in Turno cunt Eicecomitc, & in Hundredo cum Domini Hundredi, ftc ut in pramovendx ’^ujiitii Mlqnequxqnc glsdiui ghidium ndjuvxrct & nihil inconfulto Sxcerdote vel Epifeopo tgerctur. And this Union of Civil and Ecclefiaftical Perfons , Authority, and Courts of Judicaturcj did continue, as Scl- den L. 1. de S’ynedriis , makes apparent above four thoufand years amongli Gods own People, till Pope HicolS/S the Firft, about the Eighth Century, to exclude the Eliiperour from mediingin theEcclefiaftical N Govern. 26 B p^efent State Governmenf, began to exclude the Clergy for medling with the Civil. Vide Grat. Piflinc. C. Cnmadverim. And it is cer¬ tain that for 4 or 500 years, during the Raign of our Saxon Kings in En^lind, our Ecclefiaflical and Secular Magiftrates fate lovingly together, with all Sweetnefs and Candor, detennining in the morning Ec- clefiaftical Affairs, and Civil in the Af¬ ternoon , whereby it came to pafs, that the Subjeft had no caufe to complain of Prohibitions ifl'uing our of one Court of Judicature to obftruft the Juftice of ano¬ ther, to the great cofl: and lometimes mine of the poor Client, as hath been done ever fince WtUim the Conquerour made that unhappy Divifion in this Church and State. But to return to our Bi/hopSjUpon whom the Weale of this Kingdom, and ferviceof the King fo much depended, and their prefence for that end fo oft required at Ltndm , that it was judged expedient that every Biihoprick fhould have a Palace or Houfe belonging to it in or about London j and it is known at this day where ftood’the Houfes of every one, except that of St. which alfo might probably have had ©nej but more obfcuie than fome other} that Biihoprick having been, as Hill, very mean. Great was the Authority of the Clergy in thofe dayes, and their Memory ihould be precious intheie days, if weconSder that they were jhe Authors of fo great Benefits and of €nsIanbJ and advantages to this KingdomtW there are few things of any importance for promoting of the welfare of this Church and State, wherein the Biihops and Prelates under God, have not been the Principal Jnjiruments, The Excellent Laws made by King Im, King Atheism , King Ed- muni, and St. Edward , from whom we have our Common^Liw^ y and our Piivi- Icdgesi mentioned in Magna Charta, were all made by the perfwafions and advice of Arch-bijhopc and Bi^)ops, nam d in our Hillarics. The Union of the Two Houfes of Torli and Lanuftcr ( whereby a long and Bloody War was endcd^ was bv tht moft wife Advice and Counfel of Biihop Aforw»,thena Privy-Counfellor. The Union of England and Stotland, that in- exprefllble advantage to both Nations, was brought to pafs by the long forefight of Reverend Biihop Fc* a Privy-Counfellor , in advifing Henry the Seventh to Match His Eldeft Daughter to Scotland, and His Younger to France. Moil of the Great Publicli H/orh^s now remaining in Eng- land, acknowledge their ancient and pre- fent being, either to the foie Coft and Charges, or to the liberal Contributions, or at leaft to the Powerful Perfwafions of Bijhopt, as moftof thebeft endowed Col- Wgcr in both our Unherfities, yev'f nnny Hofpitals, Churches, Palaces, Caftlcs, hare been founded and built by Bifo:)pS; even that famous chargable and difficult ftru- toe of London-brid^e Hands obliged t® N z the 268 ^ Wi)t p?efent ©rate the' Liberd Ccntribtitiovs of an bifliop-, and it was a Bijliop of London, at vvhofe earned requed, IVilHam the Con- querour granted to the City oiLondon, fo large Priviledges, that in a grateful re¬ membrance thereof, the Lord Major and Aldermen to this day, upon fome Solemn dayes of their refort to b,Pauls Church, do go in Froccffion about the Grave-jtone ^ where that lies interred. But above all, The Converting England to the Cbriflian Religion, the Reforming that Religion when corrupted ; and fince that, the maintenance of the Vocirine thereof againdall Ronijl JVriicrs, and of the Vifeipline thereof ( none of the lead ^ooiOjiccs) ngaind all the praftices and power of the Puritan and Prejbptcrian Faclions, and all thoie other Sectaries lineally delcended front them : All this, and more, is owing ( if not folely, yet principally ) to BiOiops and Prelates ; By the late want of whom to fit at the Stern, how foon was this goodly VelTel iplit upon the Roc{s of Anarchy and Confu- fion. Even fince the late Refiauration of Btfieps, tofet down the many confiderable Pubiick Benefits flowitig from them, and other Dignified Clergy, would tire the ■Reader, What fums of Money have been by them expended in repairing Cathedral Churches, Epifcopal Houfes, in founding and butld- ing Hofpiuls , in Charity to poor Widows of of SEnglanD* 259 ©f Clergymen utterly ruined -by the late Rebels, for redeeming of a great rUiiJ-ber of poor Chriftun Slaves at Jlgicr-isVihs^ ^ publick and private lums for fupplying'fhe lyings Ncceffitics at His ■ Reifauratipn', what Expences in Hofpitality, 2irf,,'-above and beyond the Charity and Betntj of others, who have ten times thdr Wealth and Riches ? ■ ' To inftance in a few, whereof certain in¬ formation hath been given, Dr. Ifiliiam fiixon, Aichbiihop of terburj, dcceafcd, augmented to poor Vi- caridges to the value of iiooo/. paid for Redemption of Chrifti.m Captives, in Sub- [dies. Foil-money, Benevolences, Firjr- Fruits, Sic. loooo./. Fy.cpairs 16000 1 . Befides, for repairing of St. Pauls Church aooo/. To Sr. ^okns Collcdge in Oxford yoool. In other Charitable Ufes 20001, in all 48000 /, Befides all this, he was fo kinde to hh Tenants, as to abate in their Fines 16000 1 . Dr, Gilbert Sheldon, late Bifhop of London, now Archbiftiop of Canterbury , gave for Redemption of Captives, and other Charitable Ufes, in Subsidies, Bene¬ volences, Purchafe of London-Houfe, Re¬ pairs, Building at Oxford) Firfl-Fruits, &'c, 40000/. and abated to his Tenants 17000/. And almoftall this whilff hewas Biihopof London. Dr. Brian Biippa, late Bilhop of R'/n- chefter ) gave for Redeeming Captives, Building and endowing Jims ■Houles, with N 3 other 2/0 Ctjrp^efent ©tate other Chiriuble Veed^tin Benevolences, Kepiirs.Sic. 16000 1. and was {o good to his Tenants, as to abate 30000 1 . in their Fines. Dr. Frewen, late Archbiftiopof TerJi, disburfed in publiek payments and repairs onely, befides abatements to Tenants, JfOOO 1 . Dr. Copns the forementioned Biihop of Diirbim, having from his firft entrance, to the end of Seven years, not received above JpSoo/. He expended it all, and Jooo/. miore, either in rebuilding and repairing the Houfes and Caftles belonging to that See; or ill rebuilding the Chappel at jduli- l(ind, and Free Schools at Purham,s]\ which had been ruined by the late Rebels; in founding Two Hofpitals and a Publiek Library j in founding Eight Scholarihips in Cimbridge •. Of which pious and cha¬ ritable Works, the whole expences came ( according to moft certain information ) to abore zzooo-l, Befides, be hath expend¬ ed in Two Benevolences to the King, in redeeming of Chrillian Captives at Al¬ giers ; for his Conf-’cration, &c. for the Furniture of the New Chippel at Aiily knd, with Plate and other decent Ornaments; for relieving the diftreffed Z oj'-r? Party, and other publiek and pious ufes, above 4400 L All which is here declared more particu¬ larly, then the defigned brevity of this Trea- tife would handfomly allow, onely thereby to put a flop to the clamor of many per¬ sons againft this Bifiiop , and njany. 0- thers *, as if they had received vaft Aims of Money, and put it all in their pri¬ vate Purfes, Dr. U^arner, late Biftiop of Rocbefler , though his Fines -were but fmall, yet be- fides abatements to Tenants, he gave in Royal Prefents, Benevolences, Subfidies , Redeeming of Captives, tr’f.above zyooo /, The Deans and Chapters were proportiona- bly as liberal, to mention in fome of them. That of Cinterhury in Royal Prefents ^ Chanties, Repairs, kfidesall Abatementa to Tenants, gave idooo 1 . That of in all 45800/. Vurhm I Jooo L Ely 14000 /. Exeter near 26000 1 . Lincoln 11000 /. Eochefter 10000 /. Worcefter 9000 1. VVinifor in abatements of Fines 9000T, in Royal Prefents 2600 /. in augmentati¬ ons 69001. in Repairs 8000/. in Cha¬ ritable Works above 2000 /. in alC 28500/, Tor^ 8000 /. VVeUs 8000!. The Sum Total of onely thefe above- mentioned Bifhops, Deans, and Chapters,., amounts to4i5'8oa /. The reft doubtlefs parted with tfieir Money proportionably, and then all Ac- compts call up, the Remainder could nop be great. For inflance, in one of the belfe Churches,, 272 €De p^efent ©tate Churches, Canterbury, out of their clear Remainder of all the firft four years, vi^. at the end of the year 1664.. they had no more then every Prebend 1100/, and the Dean a double lhare. As they have then been beneficial to this Kingdom, above and beyond other ranks of Men, fothey have had the higheft refpeff, reverence, and efteem. In all Ages, amongft all Nations, a- tnongft Tiirlis as well as and Cbrifii- ans, it was fudged fit, that the Principal PmejUcIi Servants oi the King of Heaven and Earth, either Aould be of the chiefeft and nobleft upon Earth, or atleaftlhould be fo efteemed. Such reverence our Anceftors bare to that Funftion, that (as Selden obferves) to fall down and kifs the Feet, was a Cej'e- mony ufual towards other Bifiiops and Prin¬ cipal Prelates, befides the Biftiop of Kome. Divers of our Saxon and Norman Kings and Nobles, fo refpefted them, that they conftraihed them in Publick Grants yet to be feen , to fign before the higheft of the lay Nobles, and fonietimes before the Kings own Sons and Brothers, to take precedence of them, &c. In the year i 200, Three Kings, vi\. ,Of England , Scotland , and of South- VEalcs, to exprefs their Pious and Cour¬ teous Refpcci to Hugh , Bifliop of Lin- colriy difdained not with their own Roy¬ al Shoulders, to bear his dead Corps to the GrAve. And of ®iig:lanD» And yet it hath been obferved even by Strangers, that the Iniquity of theprefent times in England is fuch. That the Engli/h Orthodox elegy are notonely hated by the Rommifis on the one fide, and maligned by tht Presbyterian on the other fide (as the Englifli Liturgy hath alfo been fora long time by both of them (a lure evidence of the excellency thereof) and as our Savi¬ our was Crucified between Two Thieves^ but alfo that of all the Chriftian- Clergy of Europe ( whether RoniiJJj , Lutheran , ~.ot CaLvincin) none are fo little refpefted generally, nor beloved , obeyed , or re¬ warded, as the prefent Pious, Learned, Loyal, Orthodox Clergy o( England ^ even by fome of thofe who have alwayes profeffed thenifelves of that Communis 0 Peus In lum. tmpora refervafii nos l 275 tje Piefeitt State 274 fdto^tth a Catalogue of thi pre- fent Deans in the Provmes both, of Canterbury and York. In the Province of Umthary ',. D r. 'tVLftOf Dean of caraeriuty^ D». Sancroft Dean of Pauls. Dr. Jfolben Bifhop of Rvchefierj- and DwBi otWcfimmjier. Dx- Cltk Dean of IVinchefter.. Dr. Wilford Dean of Ely. Dr. VViUUm Bifhop of and’ Dean, Commendatory of Banger, Dr. FeKE^anof Chrift-Cburch,. Dr. Thomiu Dean of Worcefier. Dr. Bredyol^e Dean of Sdifbury:. Dr. Honyweod Dean of Lincoln. Dr. LlojdTiein oiSt.Afapb. Dr. Citr)'Dean of Exeter. Dr. Vuport Dean of Peterborough. Dr. CrofuDesn of Norwich Dr. Toogood Dean of BrijloL. Dr. Hodges Dean of Hereford. Dr. Brough Dean of Glocefter.. Dr. yPood Dean of Litchfield.. Dr. Crew Dean of Chichejter. Dr. Bathurji Dean of Bath and EVcHsL Dr. Mew. Dean of Rochefier. In the Province of Torh Dr. Jifteb Dean.of Dr, Siid.b'jiry Dr. Sudbury Dean of DurbmJ Dr. Bridgeman Dean of Chejier.' Dr, Smith Deanof CArlile. Note, That in the Cathedra] Churches of StI VtLvids and of Landuff there nevec hath been any Dean, but the Bifhop ini either is Head of the Chapter, and in the. Bithops abfence the Chanter at Sl» Davids ,, and at Landaff the Archdeacon.. Note iil[o , That there are fome Deans in England without any Jurifdiftion, only for Honour fo ftiled j as the Dean of the- Ghappel Royal, anA Dean of the Chappel.o£- St. George at FEindfor. Moreover, fome Deans there-are with^ out any Chapter, yet enjoying certain Jii- rifdiftions, as the Dean of Creyden, the,- Dean of Battel, the Dean, of Sit. 2}6 COe piefent State CHAP. XVIII. of the Second State or Nobility of Eng¬ land, and therein of their Degree Priviledges , States , Reveuues , &c. aT.jjjo" X T 04 / 7 fj’ quijl vlri nofcihiles, or No- XN tibiles. In all Chriftian Monar¬ chies} Men that have been notable for Gozi- rage, jVifdom, Wealth, &c. have’been judged fit and worthy to enjoy certain Pri- viled'gesy Titles, Dignities, Honeurs,8cc. above the Common People, to be placed IS/e,. kan higher Orbe, and tobe as a Slireen between the King and the inferiour Sub- jefts, to defend the one from Infolencies, and the other from Tyranny j to interpofe by their Counfel, Courage, and Grandeur, where common perfons dare not, ought not to be fo hardy j to fupport the King and defend the Kingdom with their lives and fortunes, . The Nobility of England is called the Peerage of England, becaufe they are all Pares Rcgni-, that is Mobiliiate Pares, though grain imparcs. Degrees, The Pe^rcej-oftheEnglilh Nobility are only (ive,vix.Du{e,Marqucfs^Earl,Vicount, ^ ,^jjd Baron, Thefeareall Peers, but the four of^nglanO. 277 four firflarefor Stite^'Priviledge, and Pre¬ cedence , above and before thofe who- are Barons onely. A Duke in Latine Dux, a Puce»do,No- Du^ei blenien being antiently either Generals and Leaders of Armies in time of War, or Wardens of Marches and Governors of Provinces in time of Peace 5 afterwards made fo for term of Life, then held by Lands and Fees, at length made Here¬ ditary and Titular. The firft Duke fince the Conqueror was Edward the Blacli Prince , created fo hy Edw. 3. in the iith year of his Reign. A Duke is at this day created by Patent, CinHure of Sword, Mantle of State, Ira- tofitionof a Cap and Coronet of Gold an nisHead, and a Verge of GcW put into hishand. Marchio a Marquis, was fo Krh coWeiMdrquisl from the Government of Marches and Frontier Countries. The firft that was fo created was Robert Ve\e Earl oioxford, made Marquis of Dublin in Oclavo of Richard 2. A Marquifs is created by a CinHure of a Sword, Mantle of State, Impofition of a Cap of Honour, with a Coronet and de¬ livery of a Cbofter ot Patent. Earls anciently called Comites, hecatiCs Eari, they were woMComitari Regem, to wait vpon the King for Councel and Advice, The Saxons called them Ealdormon, the Danes Eorlas and thsEngliJb Earls. They had 27$ p^efent had antlently for the fupport of their ftate the third penny out of the Sheriffs Couir ifliiing out of ail P.'eas of that Shire, whereof they had their Title, but now it is otherwife. An EarJ is Created by the Cindure of a Sroori, Mmle of State put upon him by the liinghimfelf, a Cap and a Coronet pnp upon kfi H!ad,iinda Charter in hit band- All Earl', are ftiled by,the Kin g Confan>^ giiinei noftri, Our Cofins, and they anti- ently did and flill may ufe the ftyle of Nos. All the Earls of England are local, or , denominated from fome Shire, Town or Place, except two, whereof oneisperfc- nal, as the Earl Mai fhal of England y who is not only honorary as all the reft, bat alfo officiary. The other is nominal , Earl Rivers , who takes his denomi¬ nation from an illuftrious Family , as the reft do from fome noted place, S^icount Vicecomes quajl Vice ComitU gulernatuii^ r«s Coniutum. This Title was firft given, fay fome by Hen 6, in the i8th year of his Reign to ^ohn Beaumont , though it may be found that 5 H J. Sir Robert Brent was by the King created a Vicount. Vicounts alfo are ftiled by the King; Confanguinei noftri, OurCouftns. A Vkoum is fo made by Patentk. Baron Longobofds and' ofi " 'the Hormans this word-^ircK- was ufed for Uir , as at this day '^iron or Varon in the. m SpaflHh Tongne is uied forthefamcj fo that a Baron is Yir m'Y Fir Notibi- lis & Frincipilifi fo the Chief Burgel- fesof Lesrfdjjantiently, and ftillthofeof. the Cin^ae Forts are called Barom Bra^loa faith, they were called Barones ^Mufi Robur Betti, in time of War the fafe- tyof the King and of all his people, did. depend upon their.Courage, Wifdom,Coii- duAand Shill in Martial Affairs. Anciently thofc Barons onely were ac¬ counted Peers of the Realmthat held' of the King per integrm Bironiam, which confifled of i jKnights Fees, and one third part ('each Knights Fee being 2Q /.) which makes in all 400 Marks, and who¬ ever had fo much , was wont tobefummo-. ned to Parliament, Nciw to hold per Ba~ ronkn,h to hold per hteridiutem Bironis, whether greater or lefs. Barons in the beginning of the Reign of, H. 3. were not of fomuch repute as after¬ wards , when that King ('after that great. Rebellion againfthim wasfuppreft) cal¬ led by Writ unto Parliament onely fuch great men as had continued Loyal j which the fucceeding Kings obferving, they onely were accounted Peers of the Realm, that- were called by the Kings fpecial Writ, and the others loft their Peerage. The Earles Palatines and Earls Marches of England, had antiently alfo theif Ba- rons under them ; as in Qejhire there are yet fuch Barons; but as no Biihops but tbfe that, hold immediately of the King,, are- 28o piefent State are Peers of the Realm (for the Bi/hop of Min, holding immediately of the Earl of Verby is no Peer ) fo no Baronsj but thofe that hold immediately of the King, are Peers of the Realm. Ciput Bitoni/z is fome Caftle or Chief Seat of a Nobleman , which is not to be divided amongft Daughters (if there be no Son) but mail defcend to the Eldefl Daughter, c£terii filiibm aliunde fatif- fiBU. Land holdenby Barony, doth not make the purchafer that is ignpble, to benoble, although the charge of fuch Tenure' doth lie upon him in refpeft of the Service of the Realm j no more then Land by Vil¬ lain-Service, doth make the purchafer that is a Freeman aVillain, though he fhall thereby be bound to liis Villain Ser¬ vice due for thofe Lands. Barons are fometimes made by,Writ, being thereby called to fit in the Higher Houfe of Parliament, but moll ufually by Patent. All the fore-mentioned Degrees have the Title of Lori from the Saxon word Lafori Pomium. All the Lords of England both Spiritu^ id and Temporal , are Teudataries to the King, and in their Creation, andalfoin their Sueceffion 5 do Iwear an Oitt/; of Fe- alty, and do Homage to the King their So- veraign , and pay certain Duties, as .Signs and Symbols, of their Subje^ion. to their ■ .. " ■ of CnglanD* All Honours in England are given by the King , who js the foie Fountain of Ho¬ nour, IheLav/ of England prohibiteth all Sub- jeifts of the Realm to receive any Heredi- rary Title of Honour , or Dignity, of the Gift of any Foreign Prince , ^ing or Em- pcrour. Eft enim jus Majeftatu & inter Jnfignia furnma poteftatis. None of thefe beftowed by the King on a Family, can be loft, but by want of Iflue Male, except where the Patent extends to iflue Female, as fonaetimesit doth j or elfe by fome heinous Crime j and then that Family cannot be reftored to their Blood but by Parliament. All Noblemen at their Creation have two Enfigns, to fignifie two Duties. Their Heads are adorned id confulendum Regent Pitrim tempore pacts, and they are girt with a Sword ad defendendim Regent (ed Patriam tempore belli. The fevera] Degrees of the Englllh no¬ bility are ’ differenced and diftinguifht one from another by their Titles and Enfigns of Honour. A Dulie hath the Title of Grace, and being written unto, may be ftiled , Aloft HighjPotent, and Noble Prince. A Mar¬ quis , Moft Noble and Potent, Lord. An Earl, Mo ft Noble and Potent Lord, A Vi~ count, Kigl t Noble and Potent Lord. And, ABaron, Right Noble Lord. Their Coronets are all different. A Baron hath 6 Pearls upon the Circle, gi¬ ven to that honour by the Prefent King. A 282 Ctje piefent State Vicount hath the Circle of Pearls without number. An Earls Coronet hath the Pearls raifed upon Points and LeaVes low between.The Marquis a Pearl and a Straws, berfy Leaf round of equal height. And a Dukes Coronet only Leaves without Pearls. Notethat the Dukes of the Blood Royal bear a Coronet of Crojfes arid flomr dc hue which is the fame with that of the Prince of Wulcs , and his is the faine with the Kings, excepting the and Cro[s on the top of the King s Crown, All the Nobles are more efpecially diftingniftit by their Kekj-of Parliament, by their ff- ' veral Guards on their Mantles or Short Cloal{s about their Shoulders. A Baron hath but two Guards, a Vkount two and a half, an Earl three , a Marquis three, and a half, and a Duke four : Alfo the Mantleof a Duke, Marquis, andyicount, is faced with Ermine , that of a Vicount and Baron faced with Plain White Furre.' trhi- Nobility of England have in all ledges, *^*’^®* enjoyed many confiderable Priviledg- es. All Peers of the Realm beingJlookt on as the Kings Hereditary confiant Councel- lours, their Perfons out of Parliament" time are Priviledged (as others in Parlia¬ menttime ) from all Arreft, unlefs for 1 reafon, Felony, or breach of Peace,Con¬ demnation in Parliament, or Contempt to the King. No Supplicdvit can be granted againft them No Capias or Exigent fued out, of out againft them for Aifiions of Debt or TrefpJls. No Ejfe/« lies againft any Peer of the Realm. In Criminal CaufesjTrea- fou, ®r Felony, they cannot be tried by any other Jury but by a Juryof Peers of the Realm ; who are not as other Juries to be ^ut to their Oath, but their Verdift given in upon their Honour fufficeth. In Civil Caufes they are not to be empaneled upon any Jury, nor upon any Enqneftsrfc fuHo, though in a matter between two Peers. In cale any Peer be returned up¬ on anyfuch Jury , there is afpecial Writ for his difcharge. Upon no cafe to be bound to their good behaviour , nor put tofwear they will not break the Peace , but onely to promife it upon their Honour j which was ever counted fo facred , as up¬ on no terms to be violated. A Peer of the Realm m^y not be put to the Rack or Torture to difeover the Truth, though ac- eufed of High Treafon. Every Peer of the Realm called to Parliament, hath the Priviledge in his lawful abfencetq confti- tute a Proxy to vote for him , which none of the Commons may do. Alfo in places of.Truft committed to them , they are al¬ lowed to make Deputies, by reafon of the neceffity fuppofed in the Law of their at- tetdanceon the perfon of the King, though neither Civil Law nor Common Law al¬ low any others Teftimony to be valid , but what is given upon Oath, yet the Tefti- mony of a Peer of England, given in up¬ on his Honour, without any Oath, is efteenjed valid; and they were wont to be- 284 p?e(ent %tm examined upon their Allegiance and the Loyaltjrof their Chivalry, and to put in their anfwer to a Bill [Hper honorm, with¬ out taking an Oath; though of later times that Priviledge , by the neglefl: of feme Lords hath been infringed fometi res. A day of Grace by the favor of the Court is not to be granted to the Plaintiff in any Suit or Aftion wherein a Peer of the Realm is Defendant j and this by Statute Law, be- eaufe the Law prefumes that a Peer of the Realm mufl: always be ready to attend the Perfon of the King and the Service of the Common-Wealth , and therefore it .is not to be delayed longer than the ordinary ufe of the Court, but to have expedition of Juftice. At the beginning of Parliament when the Oath of Supremacy is exaftedof allthofe of the Houfe of Commons, yet it is not required of any of the Lords, be- caufe the King is otherwife iffured of their Loyalty and Fidelity, as is prelumed. In all Cafes wherein the priviledge of Clergy is allowed to other men, and alfo in divers Cafes where that Priviledge is taken away from other men , every Peer of the Realm having Place apd Voice in Parliament, fhall upon his Requeft by SUt. i.Edwnri 6. without burning in the hand , Iqfs ol Inheritance , or corruption of Blood , be adjudged for the firft time as a Clerk con- vift, though he cannot read. The Title of Lord is due to all that are Barons, of EngUnd, and to none other befidesSi-' ihops, and feme great Officers of the Kingdom, of CnglanD* Onely of courtefie, the Title of LerJ is given to all the Sons of Dukes andMar- quefles, and totheeldeft Sons-of Earls,and to none under. All Barons of England are exempted from all attendance at Sheriff' Toiirns or any Leets, as others are obliged to take the Oath of Allcgeance. A Peer cannot be outlawed in any Civil AHion, becaufe he cannot be arrefled by any Cdfias, and by the fame reafon lies no Al- uebrunt aga'inU him. RytheCullom of England, (as is by the Law of the Empire) Hobilcs non torquen- tur in qiiibmpkbei torquerentur &' Mobiles non [n[penduntur fed dccapitinm: Yet this by the meer favor of the King, and in fome cafes, elpecially of Fclonj) hath been other- wife fometimes. For the fuppreffing of Riots and Routs, the Sheriff may raife .the Pojfc Comitam, that is, All able men are to alTift him j yet may not the Sheriff command the perfon of any Peer of the Realm to attend that Service, A Baron of Parliament being fent for by the Kings Writ or Letter, or by his Mef- fenger to come to Court, or to Parliament, orto appear before the Council-Board, or in his Court of Chancery, may both coming and returning by the Kings Foreft or Park, kill one or tv/o Deer. In any Civil Trial, where a Peer of the Reahyijis Plaintiff or Defendant,there muft beretiiKnedof the Jury atleaft one Knight; otherwifethe Array may bequafht by Chal- lenge. ' The 2SS (tOe p^efent State The Laws of EngUni are fo tender of the Honor, Credit, Reputation and Per- fons of Hobkmen, that there is a Statute on purpofe to prohibit all offence by falfe reports, whereby any fcandal to their perfons may arife, or debate and difcord between them and the Commons j and be- caufe it is to defend, notoneJy Liy Lords, but Bifiops, and all great Officers of the Realm, it is called Scandalum Migm-- turn. The H afe of a Peer cannot in fome cafes {^asinfe.uih for prohibited Books for Co h- venticlcs, (fc. ) be entered by Officers of ^ufiice, witnout a Warrant under the lyings own hand, and the hands of Six of his Pri'J/ Councili whereof four to be Peers of the Realm. No Peer can be alTeired towards the Handing Afi7/tw,but by fix or more of them- felves. The Law allowing any one of the Com¬ monalty to be arraigned for Felony or Trot- /bn, infiivorem vis<£,to challenge Thirty five of his Jury, without Ihewing caufe, and others by fhewing caufe; yet allows not a Peer of the Realm to challenge any of his Jury, or to put any of them to their Oath, the Law prefuming that they being all Peers of the Realm, and judging upon their Ho¬ nor, cannot be guilty of Fdjhood, Fwor, I or Malice, All Peei'S of the Realm have a Privi- i ledge of qualifying a cer:ain number of Chaplains , who ( after a Difpenfdtiott from the ArchbHhop (if to him it feem good) of Cnglanli. 287 good) and the fame ratified under the Great Seal of England) may hold Plurali¬ ty of Benefices with Cure of Souls : In thismannei-j every Duke may qualifie Sin Chaplains ,• every Marquefs and Earl five apiece, every Vicount toui-j and every Ba¬ ron three. A Peer of the Realm may retain fix Aliens born, whereas another may not re¬ tain above four. In cafe of Amercements of the Peers of the Realm upon Nonfuits, or other judg¬ ments; aDuke is to he amerced onely Ten pounds, and all under onely five pounds j and this to be done by their Peers, accord¬ ing to Magna Charta, although it is oft done now by the livings jujiices, in flead of their Peers. All Peers of the Realm being conftant Hereditary Counfellors of the l{ing in HU Great Council of Parliament, and being obliged upon the lyings Summons to appeary and attend in all Parliaments upon their own charges, arc priviledged fromcontri- buting to the expences of any Member of the Houfe of Commons j for which no levy may be made upon any of their Lands, Par¬ cel of their Earldoms or BaronieS) any of their antientPcMe/wj Copihold, or ViUain Tenants. The Eftates of all Peers of the Realm, being Judged in the Eye of the Law, fuffi- cient at all times tofatisfie all Debts and Damages, fatisfaftion is to be- fought by Execution taken forth upon their Lands and Goods, and not by Attachments, Im- prifonmentj a88 piefent State i prifonitients of tJieir Perfons, (thofe are to J be always free for the Service of the King j and Kingdom^ nor by Exigents or Ctpias ntUgitum, eirc. Other Priviledges belong to the Peers of 'EngUndi as Eight Tun of/^/nc-C.';/fow free to every Earl, and to the reft proportion- ably, is^c, * Notwithftanding thefe great Priviledges belonging to the Nobility of Englund, yet the greateft of them (no not the Brother or Son of the King) ever had the Priviledge of the Grundccs of Spiin, to be covered in theK^ings Prefence, except onely Henry PatcUf. Earl of Surrey, as before Page i6o. Nor had ever that higher Priviledge of the Nobility of pmee, vthofe Vomuin Lunds, and their Dependants holding them, are exempted from all Contributions and Tallies, whereby they are tied to their ^ing, and fo enab^led to ferve him •, that although Kebellions are frecjment, yet fel- dom of long continuance, and never prof- perous j whereas the higheft born Subjeft of England hath herein no more Priviledge, than the meanefl; Ploughman, but utterly want that kinde of reward for Antient Venue, and encouragement for future Induftry. Touching the Places or Precedences amongft the Peers of England, it is to be obferved, That (after the King and Princes of the Blood, vi\. The Sons, Grandfons, Brothers, of €nglanl)» 28^ Brothers, Uncles, or Nephews of the King, and nofartherj Dukes amongft the Nobi¬ lity have the firft place, then Marquefl'es, Dukes eldeft Sons, Earls, Marquelles eldeft S )ns, Dukes younger Sons, Vicounts, Earl^ eldeftSons, Marquefl'es younger Sons, Ba¬ rons, Vicounts eldeft Sons, Earls yoanger Sons, Barons eldeft Sons, Vicounts younger Sons, Barons younger Sons. Here note, That it ms decreed by King Jafficr, That the younger Sons of Barons and Vicounts fhoulJ yield Place and Pre¬ cedence to all Knights of the Garter, tcma tdes, and to aU Trivy Councellory, Mdjtcr of the W'drds , ChmceUor , and lender Trenfurcr of the Exchequer, Chtn- ccllor of the Duteby, Cheif ^ttftice of the Kiugs Bench, Mufter of the Rolls, Chetf ^uftice of the ComtnonPleih', Cheif Buron of the Exchequer 5 and all other 'f-udgns and Bxronr of the degree of the Coife. of thefaid Courts, and that byreafonof their Honorable Order and Employment; and alfo to all B-inncrcis made upder the Kings Banner or Standard difplayed mawArmy Royil in open War, and the King peiToii- ally prefent. Moreover, Obfervethat all Nobles of tiie fame degree, take place according to the Seniority of their Creation. There are certain Marks of State that s-tuta. belong to each degree amongft the Nobility, which they may praftife, or not pradife .at pleafure. o A 2^0 Clje ®tate A Duke may have in all places out of the Kings prefence a Cloth of Eftate hang - ing down, within half a yard of the -Ground 5 fo may his Dutchefs, and her Train bo n up by a Baronnefsand no Earl to wafti with a Duke without the Dukes pkafure. A Marciuels may have a Cloth of Eftate reaching within a vard of the Ground, and that in all places out of the prefence of the King, or a Duke, and his Marchiouels to have her Train born by a Knights wife; and no Vicount to walh with aMarquefs, but at his pleafurc. EirL An Earl alfo may have a Cloth of Eftate without Pendants, but onely Fringe, and a Countefs may have her Train born by a Gen¬ tlewoman, out of the prefence of herSupe- riors, and in their prefence by a Gentleman, A Vicount may have a Cover of Alfay ^ holden under his Cup while he drinks, bilt no Affay taken, asDiikes, Marqueffes, and Earls may have, and may have a Travers in hisownhoufe. And a Vicountefs may have her Gown born up by aWoman out of the pi^fence of her Superiors, and in their prefeuce by a Man. < Baron, A Baron may alfo have the Cover of his Cup holden underneath whilft he drinkethi and a Baronefs may have her Gown born up by a Man in the prefence of a Vicountefs. fif fn^lanD. 291 All Dukes eldeft Sons are born as Mar- quefles, and the younger as Lords, witli the addition of their Chriftian Names, as lord Thomiif, Lord ^ohn, &c. A Marquelfes eldell Son is called Lord of a place, and the younger Sons as Lordr/jfl- Miff,Lord ^obn,&'e. An Earls eldeft Son is born as a Vicouiit. and lhall go as a Vicount, and iball have as many Powdringsas a Vicount ; fo their younger Sons- are faid to be born as Barons, but iball go after all Barons, and before all Baronets. An Earls eldeft Son is called Lord of a place, and all his Daughters Ladies, but his younger Sons not Lords. A Vicounts eldeft Son is no Lord, nor his Daughters Ladies ; and therefore the eldeft Son, and the eldeft. Daughter of the firft Viqpunt of England, is faid to be the firft Gentleman and Gerttlewoman without Title in England. Vet a Vicounts eldeft Son is faid to be born as a Baron. The Prince.s of the Blood, the Great Officers of the Realm, and the Biftiops are to precede, according to an Aft of Parlia¬ ment, 31 Hen.i. The Lord Chancellor, Lord Treafurer, LordPrefident of the Kings Council, Lord Privy Seal; Thefe being Barons or above, flial] ill Parliament fit above all Dukes, ex¬ cept the Son,Brother,or Nephew of the King. (The Lord High Steward of England is not here named, becaufe it was intended, that he ihould not continue beyond the oc- cafion for which he Ihould be made. O i 29 ^ p?efent ©rate NextlutH place, the Lord Great Cham ^ berlain of Englind> then the Lord High Cooitable, tht^Earl Mar(hal,the Lord High Admiral, Lord Steward of the Kings Hou(- hold. Lord Chamberlain of the Kings Hoiif- hold. Thefe fhall fit after the Lord Privy Seal, above all of their degree oncly. And if the Kings Principal Secretary be a Bai on, betakes place of all Barons that are m t of the Offices before-mentioned j but if lie be a Vicount or higher degree, he fliall take place oncly according to his degree. Alfo, if the Kings Secretary be a Biffiop, as an¬ ciently was iifiial, betakes place next to the Bifnop of _ before ^all other Bifhops that have none of ihe Offices afore- laid. All Dukes, Marqueffies,Earls, Vicounts, and Barons, not having any of the faid Offices, fhall take place according to the ancientry of their Creation. All Dukes eldeftSoiis have the Title of Pails, and the eldeft Son of an Earl, hath the Title of the Earls Barony, and fome- times of theVicounty, according to the Patent. A of ^uglanD. 2P3 A CAtalogm of the Peers of. England^ according to their Precedence. Dukes of the Royal Blood. M E Duke of yorf; •'’nd Albany^ Earl of Uljicr, Lor«l High Admiral of Englund ) the King? opely Brother, Rupert, Duke of Cumberland, and Eatl of Holdernefs. \ The Lord Chancellor, or Lord Ke:p r of the Grear Seal, the Lord Treafurer, and the Lord Privy Seal, take place before all Dukes not of the Blood Royal. Pities, ■ Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfol^.' William Seymour, Dukeof i'awrer/er,’ George Fillers, Duke of Bucfiinghaml Charles Stuart, Duke of Richmond, Chrifiopher Moncli, Duke of Albetnarkl ^.mcs Scot, Duke of Monmouth. William Cavendijl), Duke of Newcdjtle, Marqueffes. ^ohnPawlet, Marquefsof WinchefierP Henry Somerset, Marquefsof Woreejier^ Henry Pierpont, Marouefs of Porcbe- pr. O3 Earls: €6e p^efent ©tate ip4 Har/s. Thefe three take place in refpeft of their Offices. tobert Bertue , Earl of Lindfij/tC'^ori High Chamberlain of EngUnd. ^mes Butler, Earl of Breclinoc\, Lord Steward of the Kpgs Houftold. Henry "fermin, Earl of S. Albdns, Lord Chan)berlain of the Kings Houftiold. Eirls. Avbrey deVere, Earl of Oxford, Charles Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. Anthony Grey, Earl of I^ent. Charles Stanley, Earl of Derby, fobn Mannours, Earl of Rutland. Theophilus Ratings , Earl of Runtiit^ don. tt’iUiam Rujfel, Earl of Bedf6rd. IV'diam Herbert, Earl of ?emhro\e. Edward Clinton, Earl of Lincoln. Charles Howard, Eirl of Nottingham. Janies Howard, Earl of SujfoHi. 'Richard Sac{vile, Earl of Dorfet. Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, fohn Cecil, Earl of Exeter. ^okn Edgerton, Earl of Bridgwater. Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicefter. fames Compton , Earl of Northamp¬ ton. Charles 265 of CnglanD* Ch.irles Rich, Earl of irirwick- rVillim Civcndijh, Earl of Vcvcn- (l)irc. Bif' Bidding, Earl of Denbigh. George Dighy, Earl of Brijbl. lion'cl CnnficU, Earl of Middlejex, Kib:rt Rich, Ear) of HoUxnd. Gilbert Holies, Earl of CUrc. Oliver S', ^.hn, Earl of Bnllinghrohe. Ckxrles Fxnc, Earl of iVe^merland. Bdruird Montigiie, Earl of Mxnchejiery Chxrler Hmxrd, Earl of Bcrhfliire. ^ohn Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrxve. William Ley, Earl of Marlborough..- Tbomat Savage, Earl of Rivers. NicholasK'^owles, Earl of Banbury, ffenry Mordant, Earl of Veterho^ rough. Henry Grey, Earl of Stanf rd. Heneage Finch, Earl of JVinchelfcy, Charles Dormer, Earl of Caernarvon. Blount, Earl of Heroport, Philip Stanbop, Earl of Ckefterfeld. ^ohn Tufton, Earl of Th.inct. Thamos Wefion, Earl of Portland. iVilliam jVentvportb, Earl of Straford. Robert Spencer, Earl of Sunderland. ^ames Savil, Earl of Sujfex. HichoiasLeah, Earl of Scarfdalc, ^obn Wilmot, Earl of Rochejler. Henry ^ermin, Earl of S. Albans. Edroxrd Montague, Earl of Sandvtichl ^ames Butler, Earl of Brediyiocli. Edward Hyde, Eat\ of Clarendon. Arthur Capcl, Earl of Effex. Robert Brudnel, Earl of Cardigan. 0 4, Anbutt 29^ Cbe p^efent @tatc Jrtbiir Anncjlcyy Earl of Anglejcj. ^ebn Grcenvile, Earl of Biith. Churlcs Hoiviird,EaY\ of Curlifte. Willim Craven, Earl of Craven. B-obert Bruce, Earl of Aliihury. Richard Boj'/, Earl of Burlington. Vi counts. Iciccflcr Bevereux, Vkount Hereford, Framts Bro)vn, Vicomt Montague, ^arncs Fiennes, Vicount j’^j'and Edward Conway, Yicoant Conway. Baptiji Noel, Ykomt Camden. William Howard, Vicount Stafford. TbornM Bella ft s, Vicount Falcontridge. ^obn Mordant, Vicount Mordant. George Savil, Vicount Hallifix. Barons. Nevil, Lord Abergavenny. f'Xmes Tou'chet, Lcrd Audlcy. Charles IVcfl, Lord dc la Ware. George Berl^lcy, Lord Berhjcy, Thomas Parl^er, Lord Morlcy aitd Mont- eagle. Francis Lcnnard, Lord Pacresi Conyers Darcy, lord Darcy and Menil. William Stourton, Lotd Stourton. Lord Sandis dc la Vine. Thomas Wind for, Lord Wind far. Cromwel, Lord Crmwcl, George Ewre, Lord Ewre. .. Bhiltp W.urton, lord Wharton. William of Cnglanli* 29; WilVtAn Willoughby, Lord If^illeughby of Pirlmu Willum Pdget, Lord Paget, Dudley North, Lord North. WilHiint Bruges, Lord Shindoif- William Petre, Lord Petre. Charles Gerard, Lord Gerard. Charles Stanhop, Lord Stanhop. Henry Arundel,Lord Arundel oi Warden Ckriftopher Rooper, Lord Tenham. Robert Grcvil,Lotd Brool^. Edward Montague, Lord Montague of Boughion. William Grey, Lord Grey of Warli. ^ hn Roberts, Lord Roberts. '^ohn Lovelace, Lord Lovelace. ^ohn Pawlct, Lord Pawlct. William Maynard, Lord Maynard. George Coventry, Lord Coventry. Edward, Lord Howard o{ Efridi. Charles Mohun, Lord Mohun. William Butler, Lord Butler. William Herbert, I.ord Herbert of Cher- bury. Seymour, Lord Seymour. Francis Newport, Lord Newport. Thomas Leigh, Lord Leigh of Stonely. Chrifiopher Hatton, Lord Hatton. Richard Byron, Lord Byron. Richard Vaughan, Lord Vaug. Francis Carrington, Lord Carringtoni William Widdringtcr.,LordWiddTingiQni. Humble Ward, Lord Ward. Thomas, Lord Culpepper. Jf lac A ft Icy, Lord AjUey, ^obnLucM, Lord Lucas, O 5 29S Jr^efent State ^obn BeUaJts, LorJ Betlifis. Edwirdf^atfon, Lord Kocliin^hm, ' Charles Geurdt Lord Gerxrd of Brandon. Gilbert Sutton, Lorilexinton. CharlesKirkhoven; Lord Jfottot). Marmadulie Langdale, Lord Langdale, iViUim.Crofu, Lord Crofts. ^ohn Berliley, Lord Berliley of Stratton. J)en\tl iioUiSi tovi Hollis. Charles Cornwallis, Lord Cornwa^h. George Booth, Lord de la Mere. Horatio Townfend, Lord Townfeni. Mnthony Ajhley Cooper, Loii Ajhley. ^ohn Creyv, Lord <}rew, &'c. Henry Bennet, lord Arlington. ^ohn Frefchevile, Lord Frefohevile, Richard Arundel, Lord Arundel of Tre~ rice. Tbomss Butler, Lord Butler of More Parli. Henry Howard, Lord Howard of Caftle- rifing. Humber, Of Temporal Lords or Peers eSf England, there are at prefent abbot One'hundred’ fifty four, whereof there are Ten Dukes, Three MartjuelTes, Fifty fix Earls, Nine Vi- counts, and Sixty feven Barons; whereas within Seventy years )aft pall, there was sot one Duke, but one Marquefs, about Nine¬ teen Earls, Three or four Vicounts, and Forty Lords, ^ Revenue The Laws and Cufioms of England, always willing that PeeeyHsj^and' Cop- veniency fhould be every '^h^re ob'erved, ‘ ' and of^tsanK'. ! ; and confidering the Charges and Expences i' appertaining to the feveral degrees of Ho¬ nor , as they belong to Men of Principal Service to the King and Realnij both in time of War and Peace, expefted that each, of them Ihould have a convenient Eftate and Value of Lands of Inheritance, for the fupport of their Honors, and the Kings Service. Therefore anciently vrhenthein- trinfick value of a Pound Sterling was worth 30/. of our Money now, as appears by the then price of all things, every Knight: was to have about Eight hundred Acres,, reckoned .at lol, yearly inland ; thatis^. about 600/, of our Money at this day. A, Baron to have Thirteen Knights Fees, and: one third- part? which amounted toabout iSjl. Which multiplied by 30 , was as much as Sooo /. a year at this day. Art! Earl Twenty Knights Fees,and a DulteFor. ty; And in cafe of decay of Nobility, or>- ihat they had fo far wafted their Revenues, that their Honors could not decently be- maintained, ( as the Rem.in Scnitors were- in fuch cafe removed from the Senate^ fo' fometimes fome EngUjli Birons have nor- been admitted to (it in the Higher Houfs of T-irlid'ycnt, though they kept the Name- and Tjtle or Dignity ftill. For -he better ftipport of thefe Degrees’ of Honor, the King doth ufually upon the Creation of a Duke, Marqiiefs, Earl,, or Vicount, grant an Arnuiry or Ye.ir]y Rent,, to themand their fit 11',which isfo annexed: to tne Dignity,that by no Grant,A'lTurance,, Of any manner, of. Alienation can be given's froctti 300 pitftnt state from the fame, but is flill incident to, and afuppbrt of the fame Dignity; contrary to that Principle in Law, Thit every Land of Fee fimple may he charged nvith a Rent in fce-fimple by one way or other. To a Duke the King grants 40 1 . hereto¬ fore a conliderabie Penfion ; to a Marquefs 40 Marks jto an Earl 20 1 ; and to a Vicount 20 Mark, ToBarons no fucb Penfions are ordinarily granted , onely the late King creating Montjoy Blount (the late Earl of Newport) Lord Mountjoy of Thurlfton, granted him a Fee of 20 Marks per annum, to him and hisheirs foe ever. As the King of England hath ever had the repute of thericheft in Domains of any King inEwropc ; fothe Nobility of Eng¬ land have been accounted the richeft in lands of any Neighboring Nation; fome having above 200001. yearly,others 15000 I, and lo many of them above 10000 L That if one with another, they have but 8000 1. yearly, it will amount toinallamongftthe I $4 Lords, above Twelve hundred thoufand pounds a year,' about the Eleventh part of the yearly Revenue of all England,, which upon computation is found to be about Fourteen Millions yearly. The English Nobility for Valor, Wifdom, Integrity, and Honor, hath all in former Ages been equal to any in Chriflendom. Every Lords Houfe was akinde of a well- difciplincd Court, infomuch , that the Geqtry, Males, and Females, were wont to 'Ve fent thither for vertuous breeding, and .returned excellently »ccomplifbed. At of CnglanD, At home their Tablej Attendance, Offi¬ cers, Exercifes, Recreations, Garb, was an honor to the Nation. Abroad they were attended with as brave, numerous, and Uniform Train of Servants and Followers, as any inEurope j not think¬ ing it confiftent with their Honors to be fecn walk the Streets almolt in Cwcrpo with one Lacquey, or not that, much lefs to be found drinking in a Tavern, if c. If fomeof the Engliffi Nobility,by a long continued Peace, exceflive Luxury in Diet, want of Aftion, if c- were before the late Wars born more feeble in body then their Ancefiors j and by too fine , and too full Diet, afterwards were rend red weaker in minde; and then during the late troubles by much licentioufnefs and want of fit Edu¬ cation, were fo debauched, that it was late¬ ly difficult to find (as fome are bold to af¬ firm ) the Courage, Wifdom, Integrity, Honor, Sobriety, and Courtefieof the An- tient Nobility 5 yet is it not tx) be doubted, but that under a Warlike enterprifing Prince all iJiofe Vertues of their Forefathers may fpring afrefh. 301 CHiAP. (Ifje p^efcnt ®tatr ^03 CHAP. XIX. of the Third State^ or Commons of Eng" ,hnd,and therein of Baronets ^Knights-, Efejdirtsy Gentlemen^ Teomen^ Citi’ iicns, Handicrafts, &c. npHe Law of TLngUnd, contrary to the J. Laws and CuHoms of othi-r Coun- treys, calleth hone Noble under a Baron; fo that not ohely all Baronetsj all forts of Knights, all Efquires and Gentlcmenj but alfoth;Sons of thb Nobility/are by our Law reckoned aniorfgft the Commons of 'Enehndi and therefore the eldeft Soit^df a Duke, though by the Courtefie of Eti^Md ftiled an Earl, yet (hall be arraigned by theftileof Efquire c/nely, and may bettied by a Jury of Common Freeholdersi and in Parliament can fit onely in the Houfc of Commons , if elcftcd , titi^'called by the ^ings Writ to the Lords H htfe. Yet' (^bfh it leem very abfurd, .that all Noblelhin's 3|ns , with all KliigHts , l^qu iresj tfnd Gentlemen, fiiould be efteemed PleheVins, but-i ather as in FxOmc, theywer^ in a mid¬ dle rank, [ricr Scn'torcs esT- Flcbem\ or clfeasin other Ckrijiran ,/they ftould be' con/Idered as Minor Holilh&d Rcgni: So that as Barons, anda’U&boVe, may be fuled' N-obilcs ores ; fo'from a* Baton Baron downward to the Yeoman, all may be not unfitly ftiled Nobiles Minores. The Lower Nobility then .of England. confifts of Baronets, Knights, Efquires, and Gentlemen. . The neitt Degree to Barons are Baronets, which is the loweft Degree of Honor that is Hereditary, An Honor firft inftituted by King Amo i6it. given by Patent to a Man , and his Heirs Males of his body lawfully begotten j for, which, each one is obliged to {)3v into the Exchequer fo much Money as will for three years, at Eight pence per diem , pay Thirty Foot Soldiers to ferve in the Province of Uljler in Jreliiiid ; which lum amounts 101095 I- which with Fees doth commonly arife to 1,200 /. Baronets have precedence before all Knights, except Knights of ahe Garter, Knights who are Privy Counfellors, and Knights Bannerets, made under theKiiig« Banner, or Standard, difplayed in an Army Royal in open War, and,the King perfopally prefent, or the Prirjee of, Prince Henry by mention had liberty to create Bannesets.. See Mr. Scldens Titles of Honor. , Baronets have the Privilrdge to bear in H Canton of their,Coat of Arms, or in a. whole Scutcheon the Arms of Vlfter , In a Field Argent'a Hand Gules ; Alfo in the Kings Armies tp nrive place in the grofs near the Kings Standard, with feme other particulars for their Funerals. Ihe whole number of Baronets ia Erig^ 333 Baronets- 504 litnd SiTenot to cxteed Two hundred atone and the fame time ; after which number compieatedp as any for want of Heirs come to be extinft, the number ihalj not be made up by new Creations, but be fuffered to dt- minifli j as appears by their P; tent. No Honor is ever to be created between Baronets and Barons. The firft Baronet that was created ; w.as Sir fiicholiii Biicon of SuffoUi ; wbofe Suc- celfor is therefore ftiled Primus Bxror.ctto- rum Anglix. lini'rjrts, linight is derived from the * Gcrmxnwoti '^nccht, fignifying originally A Liiftjf S'ervitor. The Germans (as the antient Romans gave their young men Togm Virilem) by pubiiek Authority beftowed on iheir young men able to manage Arms, a Shield and a Jave¬ lin ; as fit for Mai fial Service, and toibe a Member of the Commonwealth, account¬ ed before but a part of a Family ; and fuch a young man publickly allowed, they called Piriccht ; whence we had our Inftitution of Knighthood. The thing l^night is .at this d.ay fignified in Latino , French, Spanijir, Italian, .and alo in ths High and law Dutch Tongws, by a word that proper'y fignifies a Horf- man, bec.aufe they '-’ere wont to ferve in V^^ar on Horf back, and were fometimes in Eng¬ land, called Raiienybts, id eft, Riding Ser¬ vitors ; yet our Common Lara fliles them Milites, Soldiers, becauTe they commonly held Lands in Knights Service, to ferve the King in his Wars as Soldiers. The of CnglanlJ* 305 The Honor of Knighthood is commonly given forfome perfonal defect, and therefore dies with the perfondeferving, anddefcends not to bis Son. In England there are feveral forts of^riight Knights, whereof the chiefeft are thole of the Order of S. George, commonly called garter, dSjiightsof the Garter. . This Order isefteemed the mo ft Honor¬ able and moft Antient of any nowin ufe in Chrtjtendom. It began, as appears, in the Statutes of this Order, in ijjo', and the Three and twentieth year of the Warlike andPuilfant King Edtrard the Third ; who triumphed feveral times over France, and Scotland ; who held prifoners at one time in EngUnd , King of Vrdnee, and King David of Scotland j who expulfed the. Re¬ bels of Caftile, and inthroned Pen Pedro their.lawful King. He tha,t did thefe mighty and glorious exploits was. the Founder of this Moble Order of the Garter, and at firft made choice of the moft Illuftrious Perfoiis of Europe, to be of that Royal Society fno doubtjupon a Martial, and not upon any fuch amorous account, as a Garter falling from a Ladies Leg; which ridiculous ftory, to the diHionor of the Order, was firft fan¬ cied by. Polydore Virgil ; and fince upon hts credit, taken up by many late Authors* It was fince commonly called,, the Order, cf the Garter, becaufe this onely part.of' the. whole Habit of the Order-was made,, choice of . at firft, to be conftantly worn, and thatto put in mind the CompahioilsKlf)! the; So6 COe p?efent ©tate the Order; that as by this Order they were . joyned in a firm league of and Con¬ cord, fo by their Gtirter , as by a faft tye of afFeftion, they were obliged to love one an¬ other. Now leaft this ftrift combination might feem to have any other aim or end, but what was honorable and juft, Adobvi- AnImnAlm intcrpreutionem (as the An- tient Records of JVinJ[or fpeah^ the faid King commanded that Motto or Imprefs, to be wrought on the G,irtcr j Honi joit qui mnl y ponfe. The reafon why this Motto was put in French, was, becaiife then the King of Eng¬ land being polTeft of a great part of France, not onely our Laws, Pleadings, and Sermons were in French •, but that was the ordinary Language in the Court of England. It appears by antient Writings, That this Honorable Company is a CoUedge or Corpo- tion, having a Great Seal belonging to it, and confining of a Sovenign Guardian , (which is always the King of England) and of Tvventy five Companions called Ejaights of the Garter •, of Fourteen Seeular Canons^ that are Priefis •, of Thirteen Vicars, who are alfoPr/e^sjof Twenty fix Poor Enights, who have no other Maintenance, but the allowance of this CoUedge , which is given them in refpeft of their Prayers, to the Ho¬ nor of God, and of S, George-, who is the Patron of England, and of this Order in particular; and none of thofe Fabulous Georges, as fome have vainly fancied •, but that fatpous Saint and Soldier of Chrift, S. Ooor^e of Cappadocia .■ A Saint fo uni- verfally vcrfally received in all parts of Chriften- dom, fo generally attelled by the Ecclejiajit- cil JVriters of all Ages from the time of his Martyrdom till this day, that no one Saiitt in all the Calendir (except thofe attefted by Scripture) is better evidenced. There be alfo certain Officers belonging to this Order; as the PreUte of the Garter, which Office isfetled on xheBiJhopric^ of IP^inchefler. A ChanceUor of t\ie Garter i a Regijler, who of latter times hath been conftantly the Dean of JVindfor, though antiently it was othdrwife. The Principal R,ing at Arms called Garter, whofe chief Tunftion is to manage and marihal their fo- lemnities at their Inftallations andFeafts. Laftly, The»yj;erof the Garter. There arealfo certain Orders and Con- flitutions belonging to this touch¬ ing the Solemnities in making thefe P^nigbts, their Ptities after Creation, and their high Priviledges, too long for this {dace. The Colledge is feated in tne Caftle of tPindfor, with the Chappel of S. George, there erefted by King Edward the Third,and theChapter-Houfe. The Order of the Garter is wont to be beftowed upon the moft excellent and re¬ nowned Perfons for Honor and Vertue j and with it a Blew Garter deckt with Gold, Pearl, and PreeiovA Stones, and a Buckle of Gold, to be worn daily on the Left Leg . alfo at High Feafts they are to wear a Sur- coit, a Mantle, a high Black Velvet Cap, Collar o( pure Gold, compoled of Rofes enamelled Red, within a Garter enamelled Blew, 3o 8 COe p?e£ent @tate Blew, with the ufual Motto in Letters of Gold i and between each of thefe Gai ters a Knot with Tefl'els of Gold, together with other flately and magnificent Apparel. They are not to be leen abroad without their Garter upon their Left Leg,upon pain of paying Two Crowns to any Officer of the Order who (hall firtt claim it; onely in taking a Journey a Blew Ribbonunder the Boor, doth (uffice. Upon the Left-Shoulder, upon Cloak, Coat, or Riding Cafl'ack, in all places of AlTembly, when they wear not their Robes, th2y are to wear an Efcutcheon of the Arms of S. George,that is, A Crofs with a Garter, and this by an Order made April i6z6. That Ornament and Embellifhment about the faid Efcutcheoh now worn, 'and called ■ The Star, or rather, The Sun in its Gloryy was at the fame time enjoyned. The greateft Monarcht of Chrijlendom have been enrobed, and have taken it for an honor to Be of this Order. There have been of this Order fince the Inflitution Eight Emperor's, Seven and twenty orEight and twehty Foreign Icings, befides many Severaign Princes, , Note, That none can be d this Mofl Honorable Order, that have been convifted of Herefic, of Treafont 'or oi Comrdife, The ot ^nglanDf The Fellows and Comf anions of the Mofi Noble Order of S. George, are at frejent thefe that follow^ ranked accord¬ ing^ as thcj are feated in their feveral Stalls at Windfor.. I N the firfl Stall on the Right hand is the Sovereign ot the Order King Charles ths Second, who is Patron and Sole Difpofer of the Order. In the other Stalls on the Soverdigns fide, are thus placed thefe that follow ; a. Chri- ylwn the Fifth, King of J)cnmir\, 3. The Duke of Torli. 4. Prince Rupert. 5. Mar- quefs of Bmndenburgb. 6. Dukeof inghiim. 7. Earl ot” Brifiol. 8. Count Marfm. $. Earl of Sindwich. lo Duke of Richmond, n- Earl of Stnford. The I a and 13 Stalls are void. On the other fide, oppoifite to.thefe aforenamed, are pla¬ ced in this Order ,thefe thatfqll^y.i.Ckr/ej the Eleventh of that Name, Kif^of Sweden. 2. Prince Eleftor Pddtine. 3. Prince of Ofdnge. 4. Duke of 5 ’itxonj'. 5. Duke of Or7>iond. 6. Dukeot Hcwcdjile. y. Prince of Tdrent. 8. Earl of Oxford. 9, Duke of Monmouth, to. Dukeof The 11,12, and 13 Stalls on this fine, are void at prefent. . : Kote, That antiently Kings and Sove- raign Princes were placed according to their 310 COe Piefent State their Creations; but now thofeonely are placed according to their Degrees. The whole number of Fellows of this Order, is not to exceed Twenty fix. 'Sinights In the next place are l^nights,BAnnercts, Binne- Equites Eexilliferi, antiently a high Honor, rets. now obfolete, there being at this time none of this Order in England. Thefe - may bear their Arms with fuppor- ters, and none under this Degree. tr ■ u iCnights of the Bxthi fo called of their ^ J BatluHg, iifed before they are created, J The firft of this fort were made by Henry the. Fourth , .^nno 1399. They are now commonly made at the Coronation of a King or Queen, or Creation of a Prince of Wales. They wear a Scarlet Ribbon Belt wife, They areftill made with much Ceremony, ■ too Jong here to be deferib- Knights Other Knights called Equites Aumi, Batcl.e^ from the Gilt Spurs ufually put upon them, hrs, Ttailinights Batechelors, i^dft Bos Chevi- liersy Knights of low degree. So Batche¬ lors, in Arts or Divinity, quaji Low Knights or Servitors in Arts. Thefe were antiently made by girding with a Sword and Gilt Spurs, and was teftowed ouely upon Swordsmen for their Military Service, and was reputed an excellent and glorious Degree , and a Noble Reward for couragi- ous Perfbns; but of late being made more common, and beftowed upon Gown Men; contrary of€nglanl?. 5 contrary to the nature of the thing (as de¬ grees in the Univerfity are fometimes be¬ llowed upon Sword-men ) it is become of much lefs reputation. Yet amongft Gown- raen it is given onely to Lawyers and Phyfi- tians, and not to Divines, who may as well become that Dignity, and be Spiritual Knights as well as Spiritual Lords. Thefe are now made with no other Cere¬ mony but kneeling down, the King with a drawn Sword, lightly toucheth them on the Shoulder; after which, heretofore the King faid in French, SoU Chevalier au non de Dietii and then Avxnces CheviliSt. When a Knight is to fuffer death for any foul crime, his Military Girdle is firft to be ungirt , his Sword taken away , his Spurs cut off with an Hatchet, his Gantlet pluckt off, and his Coat of Armstcrer- fed. Next among the Lower Nobility are Efiiuircs, fo called from the French word Efeuyers , Scutigeri . becaufe they were wont to bear before.the Prince in War, or before the batter fort of Nobility a Shield's or elfe!perhaps becaufe they bear a Cont of Arms .as Enfigns of their de- feent ,. and i by our Lawyers .-ate called > Armigeri. .. r Of this Title are firft all Vicourits jel-. deft Sons, and all Vicounts and Barenw younger Sons; and by the Common,Law ’ of England, all the Sons of Earls, Mar- tjued'es, and Dukes, are F.fqiiires and no more. Next are the Efquiresof the Kings Body, mentioned among the Officers of the ©tate Kings Court j after thefe are reckoned the ddeft Sons of younger Sons of Barons, and of all Noblemen of higher degree then Knights eldeft Sons,3nd their eldeft Sons for ever: Next Efquires created by the King, by putting about their Necks a Collar of Efles, and bellowing on them a pair of Sil¬ ver Spurs. Laftlyj any that are in fuperior publick Office for King or State, are re¬ puted Efquires, or equal to Efquires, as Jufticesof the Peace, Majors of Towns, fo CcuDcellors at Law, Batchelors of Divi¬ nity, Law, or Phyfick, although none of them really are fo. In the laft place, among the lower No¬ bility are accounted the Gentry of Eng- lund, that have no other Title, but are de- fcended of Antient Families that have al- ways bom a Coat of Arms. This kindjj.of Honor is derived from the Gcnihtns to tge reft of Chriftcndom, and was never known in any Country where the Gcr- mm Cuftoms were unknown, as in Afiu, Jfried, OiniAmcrici. The Germans an- tiently warring oft amongft themfelves, painted their Scutcheons with the Pifture of fome Beaft, Bird,or other thing fer diftinfti- on, and putforae eminent and vifibleMai k upon the Crefts of their Helmets • and this Ornament,bothof Arms and Creftidefeend- ed by inheritance to their Children, to the eldeft pure and to the reft, with fome note of difiinftion , fush as the Old Mafterof Ceremonies; in High Dutch Herealt,m’nifi udmoiurn mmiuntur, as fully obferves; fo the Son of Sirach . Ecc/c/l i 6 . ig. A. ‘ Merchant fhall hardly keep himfelf from doing wrong, and an Hukfter fl-iall not be freed from Sin :) and therefore amongft i'nefhebans no man was admitted to places of Honour and Truft, unlefs he had left ofFTrading ten years before : So by the Im¬ perial Laws a Tradefnian is not capable of any Honourable Eftate, nor to be a Com¬ mander over Soldiers , and therefore the Englilh Nobility and Gentry till with in late years, judged it a ftain , and diminutioft to the honour and dignity of their Fami- 313 . Ih- ^14 f:f)e p^efent %tm lies, to feck their Childrens fupport by Shop-keeping, but only (as in all great Monarchies-, by Military, Court, State, or Church Employments, much lefs to fubiert their Children to an apprentifage , aperfcft Servitude-, for during that time, whatever they gain by their Mailers Trade or their own wit , belongs all to their Ma¬ iler , neither can they lie out of their Mafters Houfe, nor take a Wife, nor Trade cf their own , but fubjeft to all Houihold Work, all Commands of their Mailer , undergo what puniihment ,_^and eat and wear v/hat their Mailer pleafeth 5 which Maiks of Slavery conlidered , He¬ ralds are of opinion that a Gentleman thereby lofes his Gentility for ever, till he canotherwife recover it; and yet , to the ihame of our Nation, wehavefeenof late not only the Sons of Baronets, Knights, and Gentlemen , fitting in Shops, and foraetimes of Pedling Trades, far more fit for Women and their Daughters., but alfo an Earl of this Kingdom iubjeftinghis Son to an Apprentifage and Trade,- but the folly of the Engllih in fwerving from their Anceftors herein (at in other things) is now apparent, forthofe young Gentle¬ men poffeiling more noble and aftiva ipirits, could r ot brook fuch dull ilaviih lives, and feeing thereby unfitted for other employ¬ ments, have generally taken ill debauched courfes. The true Engliih Nobility and Gentry have in all times made it their main aim to endow their Sons with fuch accomplish-. naents of ^nglanly.’ 315“ ments efpecially as might render them ca¬ pable to defend their Countrey in time of War, and to govern it in times of Peace j for which two things all Gentlemen feem to be born, and therefore their chief Stu¬ dies have ever been that of the Great Em- perour ^uftinkn, and fhould be of all Princes and Nobles, vi^. Dm}. Leges forii Arm qum opime callere. Priviledges. The lower Nobility of England have fewer and lefs Privileges than thofe in other Monarchies. Some few Priviledges belong to Knights , qiutenm Knights. If a Knight be a Minor , yet {hall he be out of Wardlhip both for Lands, Body, and Marriage 5 for though the Law doth judge him not able to do Knights Service till the age of 21 years,yec the King being Soveraign and Supreme Judge of Chivalry , by dubbing him Knight, doth thereby allow him to be able to do him Knights Service. Knights arc exculed from attendance at Court-Leets. They and their eldellSons not compella¬ ble to find Pledges at the Pi[m Franei Plegn Knights by Magna Charta, cap. 21. are fo ireed, that no Demefne Cart of theirs may be taken. The Son and Brother of a Knight, by a Statute-Law , are capacitated to hold more than one Benefice with cure of Souls. P z 3^5 Ct)e p?eCent State By the Stat. Primo ^icobi it feems that Knights and their Sons (though they can¬ not fpend 101. per annum ^ nor are worth 200 /. ) may keep Greyhounds , Setting- Dogs, or Nets to take Pheafants or Par¬ tridges. Some Piiviledges alfo belong to Gen¬ tlemen. Antiently if an ignoble perfon d id ftnke a Gentleman in England, he was tolofehis hand. A Gentleman hy EHl- may not be compelled to ferve in Husbandry. The Child cf a Gentleman brought up to Singing, cannot be taken without the Pa¬ rents and Friends confent to ferve in the lyings Chappcl, as others may. The Korfe of a Gentleman may not be taken to ridePolf. Note, That as there .ire fome Great Officers ot the Crown, who for their Dig¬ nity and Worth of their Places, although they are not Noblemen, yit take place a- mongftthe higHefi ofthe Higher Nobility j fo there are fome perfon's', who for their Dignities in the Church , Degrees in the Univerfity , Officers in the State or Ar¬ my, although they are neither Knight nor Gentlemen born, yet take place a- niongft them, fo all Deans, Arch-deacons, Chancellours, Prebends, Doftorsof Divi¬ nity, Law, and PhyCck, Heads of Houfes in thellnivei fities, ufually take place next to Knights, and before ordinary Efquires and Gentlemen: Yet in other Chriftian Countries where tie Civil Law hath its due Credit in fneh Afts of ^nglanD* , Afis as concern Learning, a Doiftor of Law hath precedence of a Knight; as aUo at Court in Foreign parts, thofe Doctors that wait on the Prince, precede the Knights who are fervants to the Prince; but otherwile Knights nfually take place of Doftors. Likewife all Judges of Courts, JuRices of the peace, All Commiffionated OiUcers irithe Ar¬ my , as Colonels Mait.r of Artillery , Qii a r t e r - M a R e I- G e n e I- a 1, eie f. All higher OfHcers in the Kings Court or State. All Sergeants at Law, Cir'f. Thefe are wont to precede Efquires. All Batchelors of Divinity, Law, and PhyRck, z\\ DoHors in the Arts, com¬ monly called Maflers of Art,, all Barre- flers itf’the Innes of Court, all Captains, divers other Officers in the Kings Hou- fiiolcl, eir'e. may equal, if not precede Gen¬ tlemen, that have none of thofe qualiRcati- In EngUnd Gentry { 3 ls la Germany iR Nobility) and Arms are held in Gavel- l^indi defeending to all the Sons alike, only theeldeft Son beareth Arms without diffe¬ rence, which the younger may not. Of the lower Nobility in England the number is fo great, that there are reckoned at prefent above 500 Baronets more thait the nrR intended number ; that is in alt above 700, who are pofleR one with ano¬ ther of about 1200 1. a year in Lands. Of P f Knighta 5i 8 CDe piefent State Knights above 1400, who one with another may have about 800Lands a year. Of Efquires and Gentlemen above 6000^ each one poffeft one with another of about 400 /. a year in Lands^ befides younger Brothers, whofe number may amount to about 16000 in all England, who have fmall Ellates in Lands, but are commonly bred up to Divi¬ nity, Law, Phyfickjto Court, and Military Employments, but of late too many of them to Shop-keeping, The Lands in the pofl'eflion of the Low¬ er Nobility will amount to about four Millions and fixty thoufand pounds year- ^ 7 - Next to the Lower Nobility, and the frft degree of the Commons or Plebeans, are the "Freeholders in England, commonly called Yeomen from the High Dutch C?e- mn, or Gemain, in.Englim Common ; fo in the Kings Court it fignificth an Officer, v/hichis in a middle place between a Ser¬ geant and a Groom, or elfe from the Low- Dutch l[eman, Some-body,i^t\\s Spaniard calls a Gentleman Hidalgo, Hijo cCal^o, that is, the Son of Some-body. The Yeomanry of England having Lands of their own to a good value, and living upon Husbandry, are lookt upon as not apt to commit or omit any thing that may endanger their Ellates and Credits , ror apt to be corrupted or luboined , wherefore they are judged fit to bear feme Offices, as of Conftable, Church¬ warden , to fei've upon Juries , to be Train-So’di.rsj to vote in the Eleftioh of of Knights of the Shire for Parliament, (^'c. In Cafes and Caufes the Law of Englini hath conceived a better opinion of the Yeo¬ manry that occupy Lands, than of Tradef- men, Artificers or Labourers. Husbandry hath in no Age rendred a Gentleman ignoble,nor uncapabie of pla¬ ces of Honour. Amongft the Romans fome of the great- eft Diftators and Confuls had been once Husbandmen ^ and fome of them taken from Plowing their Ground, to bear tiiofe Higheft Offices and Dignities 5 fo divers Princes, Kings and Emperours, have ex- ercifed Agriculture , and the Grand Scipis andthe Emperour Diodefiiin left their Com¬ mands to enjoy Husbandry. By the Statutes of ErtgUod certain Im- munities are given to Free-bolders and Landed men , though they are not Gen¬ tlemen : Vide sm. i ^ticobi, cup- ty. is" alibi. Of the Free-holders in EngLind there are move in number and richer than in any Countrey of the like extent in Europe , 40 or 50 /.a year a piece is very ordinary , ICO and zoo 1. a year in fome Counties is not rare ^ foinetimes in Kent 1000/. and I 'joo. Bclides thefe Freeholders (which arefo called , becaufe they hold Lands or Tene¬ ments inheritable by 3 perpetual Right to them and their Heirs for ever) there are in England a very great number of Copi- holders j who hold Lands within fome P 4 Maiffiojs 319 320 ©De p?efent ©tate Mannors qnely by Copy of Court,Roll of tkfaid Manner, ?ir'c.,and have^»j perpe- tttum & utile Dominium, though not Jllo- diun ^ dire^um Dominium, which Free¬ holders may improperly be faid to have, but properly none in Englmd, but the King hath. Amongft the Commons of England, in the next place, are reckoned Tra'defmen , amongft whom Merchants ofForeign Traf- h'ck have for their great benefit to the pub- iick, and for their great endowments and generous living, been of beft repute in Eng¬ land, and although the Law of England look upon Tradefmen and Chapmen that live by buying andfelling, as a bafer fort of People, and, that a Ward within age, may bring his Aftionof Difparagement againft his Guardian for offering atjy fuch in Mar¬ riage • yet in England, ai tvell as Italy, to become a Merchant of Foreign Commerce, without ferving any Apprentifage, hath been allowed no difparagement to a Gen¬ tleman born, efpecially to a younger bro¬ ther. Amongft Tradefmen, in the next place, are Whole-falemen, then Retailers, laftly, Mechanicks or Handicraftfnien. Thcfe are all capable of bearing fome fway or Office in Cities and Towns Corporate. The loweft Member, the Feet of the Body ' IRoIitick, .are the Day Labourers, who, by ijiheir large Wages given them, and the Cheapnefs of all Nccell'aries, enjoy better D wellligv, Diet, and Apparel in England, then of Cnslanl?^ then, the Husbandmen do in. many other Countreys. Liberties and Properties. As the Clergy and Nobility have certain Pfiviledges peculiar to tbemfelvesj fothey have Liberties and Properties common to. the Commonalty of England. TheCommons of England foi Heredi¬ tary Fundamental Liberties and Properties^, are bled above and beyond the Subjefts of any Monarch in the World. Firft, No Freeman of England ought tO! be imprironed;,or otherwife reftrainedjwith- out caufe fliewn for which by Law he ought to be fo imprifoned. Secondly, To him that is imprifoned;,, may not be denied a Writ of Habeas CorpttSy if it be deiired. ' Thirdly, If no caufe of Imprifonment be airedged,and the fame be returned upon .m Habeas Cor pm, then the Prifoner ought tO' be fet at liberty. Fourthly, No Soldiers can be quartered in the Houfe of any Freeman, in time of Peace, without his wills though they pay for their quarters. Fifthly, Every Freeman hath fuch a full and abfolute propriety in his goods, thatno Taxes, Loans, or Benevolences, ordinal ily and legally can be iiripofcct upon them, without their own conLnt by their Repre- faitatives in Parliam.nt. Moreover, They have fuch an abfolute power, that they can; (Tifpofe of all they have how they pkafe,. even from their own Children, and to them- F i m 322 Cv/e p?efent ©tate in wliat inequality they will, without Ihew- ing any caule; which other Nations go¬ verned by the Civil Law, cannot do. Sixthly, NoEnglifti man may be preftor compelled (unlefs bound by his Tenure) to March forth of his County ) to ferve as a Soldier in the Wars, except in cafe of a Foreign Enemy invading,dr a Rebellion at home. Nor may he be fent out of the Realm againft his will, upon any Foreign Employment, by way of an honourable BanilTiment. Seventhly, No Freeman can betryed, but by his Peers, nor condemned but by the Laws of the Land, or by an Aft of Parlia¬ ment. Eighthly, No Freeman may be fined for any Crime, but according to the Merit of the Offence, aivvayes Sdvo fibi contene- mento fuo, in fuch manner, that he may continue and go on in his Calling. Briefly, If it be confidered onely, that ordinarily they are fubjeft to no Laws, but what they make themfelves, nor no Taxes butwhatthey impofethemfelves, and pray the King and Lords to confent unto, their liberties and Prop.rties mufl: be acknow¬ ledged to be tranfeendenr, and their world¬ ly condition moft happy and bleffed ; and fo far above that of the Subjefts of any of €ur Neighbour Nations, that as ail the Women of Europe would run into Eng/itnd} (the Paradife of Women ) if there were a Bridge made over the Sea : fo all the Men too, if there were but an Aft for a general Naturalization of all Aliens. CHAP ?23 Df €ngfan&f CHAP. XX. of the Wmen ef England. 'T'Ouching the Women of EngUnd, there * are divers things confiderable in the Englifh Laws and Cuftoms j Women in England , with all their moveable Goods,'fo foon as they are Married , are wholly in potcjiate viri, at the will and difpofition of the Husband. If any Goods or Chattels be given to Feme Covert to a Married Woman, they all immediately become her Husbands. She cannot let, fet, fell, give away, or alie- nate any thing without her Husbands confent. Her very ncccflary Apparel by the Law is not hers in property. If {he hath any Tenure at all, it is in that is, {he holds it of and by her Husband, who is Caput rnulierii ^ and therefore the Law* faith Uxor fidget radiis rnariti. All the Chattels perfonal the Wife had at the Marriage, is fo much her Husbands, that after his death they {hall not return to the Wife ; but goto the Executor or Ad- miniftrator of the Husband, as'-his other Goods and Chattels, except only her rttpherna, or prtZter dotalia , which are her NecelTarv AppStei •, which with the con- fent of her Husband {he may devife by Willj not otherwsfe iy our Law j becaufe ^^4 the property and poffeflion even of the Pi- r^fberHiJ are inhim. The Wife can make no Contraft wi thont her Husbands confent, and in Law matters finc viro refpondcre non potcfl. The Law of Ew^/^sifuppofes a Wife to be hifo much Subjeftioii and Obedience to her Husband, as to have no will at all of her ov/n: Wherefore if a Man and his Wife commit a Felony together , the Wife by the Law can be neither Principal nor Aeceflaryjthe Law fuppofing that in re¬ gard of the Subjeftlon and Obedience fhe owes to her Husband, fhe was neceffitatcd thereunto. The Law oiEngland fuppofes in the Hus¬ band a power over his Wife, as over his Child^ or Servant, tocorrefther when fhe offends; apd therefore he.inufi: anfwer for his Wives faults, if fhe wrong another by her Tongue, or by Trefpafs, he mull make latisfaSion. , So the Law mak^s'.it as. high a Crime, and', allots the fame puniftiment to, a Wo¬ man that fhall kill her Husband, as to a Woman that fhall kill her Father or Ma¬ iler, and that is Petty Treafon, to be burnt alive. SothataVVtfeinpM^/itsdis de jure.but the befl of Servants, having nothing her own in a more proper fenfe than a Child hath, whom his Father fuffers to call ma¬ ny things his own, yet can difpofe of no¬ thing. The Woman upon Marriage lofethHot only the power over her perfon and her will, .and of ^nsIanO. and the property of her Goods, but her very Name ; for ever after fhe ufeth her Husbands Surname, and her own is wholly laid alide j which is not obferved in Franee ^ and other Countreys, where the Wife fub- feribes herfelfby her Paternal Name; as if S'ufinna the Daughter of R. Clifford be married to E.Ckamberlaineiihe either writes herleif Sufinna Clifford, or elfe Sufanna, Clifford ChmberUine. Notwithftanding all which , their con¬ dition de facto is the beft in the World ■ for fuch is the good nature of Englifhmen to¬ wards their Wives, fuch is their tendernefs and refpeft,giving them the uppermoft place at Table, and elfwhere, the right hande- very where , and putting them upon no drudgery and hardlhip ; that if there were a Bridge over into England as aforefaid, it is thought all the Women in E«repe would run thither. Befides, in feme things the Laws of Eng~ land are above other Nations fo favorawe to that Sex, as if the Women had voted at the making of them. If a Wife bring forth a child during her Husbands long abfence, though it be for fome years,yet if he lived all the time within thislfland, he muft Father that child ; and if that child be her firfl born fon he fllall inherit that Husbands Eftate, if entailed, or left without Will. If a Wife bring forth a child begotten by another before marriagCsbut born after mar¬ riage with another Man ; this latter muft own the child, and that child Ihallbehis HekatLaw. . ' Th* 32<5 Ctie piefmt ^tate The Wife aftsr her Husbands Meath ha¬ ving no Joynture fetled before Marriage, may challenge the third part of hisyear^ Rents of Land during her life, and within the City of London a third part of allher Husbands moveables for ever. As the Wife doth participate of her Husbands Name, fo likewife of his‘Con¬ dition. If he be a Duke, ihe is a Dutch- efs j if he be a Knight, (he is a Ladyif he be an Alien made aDenifon, (he is ipfo fiBo fo too. If a Freeman marry a Bond¬ woman, (he is alfo free during the Cover¬ ture s wherefore alfo it is (aid as before, Uxor fidget YiLdikMnritL All Women in Engknd are compried under Noble or Ignoble, Noble Women are fo three manner of ways, vi^. by Creation, by Defccnt, and by Marriage. The King, the Fountain of Honor, may, and oft hath created Women tobeBaron- effes, CounteffeSjDutchelTes, ©"c. By Defccnt fuch Women areNpble, to whom Lands holden by fuch Dignity do de- fcend as Heir •, for Dignities and Titles of Honor for want of Males, do fometimes defcend to Females j but to one of them onely, becaufe they are things, in their own nature intire, and not to be divided among many (as the Lands and Tene¬ ments are which dcrcend to all the Daugh¬ ters equally ■,) befides by dividing Digni¬ ties , the Reputation of Honor would be loft, and the ftrength of the Realm im¬ paired j for the Honor and Ch/W/t'd'of t^he Realm Df ^tiglanb* doth cheifly cotifift in the HohiUty thereof. 4 By Marriage all Women areNoble, who ' take to their Husbands any Baron or Peer of the Realm; but if afterwards they marry to Men not Noble j they lole their former dignity, and follow the condition of their later Husband j for eoAm modo dijfolvHur cururn Nohilitos, quo conjlituitur- But Wo¬ men Noble by Creation, or Defcent, of Birth-Right, remain Noble, though they marry Husbands under their degree ^ for fuch Nobility is accounted Changer indele- lilif. Here note, that by the Courtefie of 'EngUnd, a Woman Noble onely by Marri¬ age always rctaineth her Nobility ; and fo the Widow of a Knight married to any in¬ ferior perfon, retaineth by Courtefie the Title and Name, gotten by her former Huf- band ; but if the Kings Daughter marry a Duke or an Earl, d\h femperdicitur Rega¬ in, aswellby Ldwas C'oartf^e. Notealfo, That any Woman who is No¬ ble by Birth, if (he be married t© a Baron; takes place according to the degree of her Husband, though (he be a Dukes Daugh¬ ter; but if (he marry to one under thofe of the higher Nobility , as to a Knight or a Gentleman, then by courtefie pface is given according to her Birth, and not her Husband. Noble-women in the eye of the Law, are as Peers of the Realm, and are to be tried by their Peers, and to enjoy mofi other Pri- viledg-es. Honor, and Refpeft as their Hus¬ bands j bnely they cannot, by the opinion .. oi P 7 Si8 of fome great Lawyers maintain an Aftion upon the Statute Pe Scandalo MugmtvM-, the Makers of that Statute, meaning onely to provide in that cafe for the great Men, and not for the Women, as the words of that Statute feenv to import. Likewife, if any of the Kings Servants within his Chick Roll, fliould confpirethe death of any Noble-wo¬ man, this were not Felony; as it is, if like Confpiracy be againft a Nobleman. None of the Wives Dignities can pome by Marriage to their Husbands, although all their Goods and Chattels do; onely the Wives Dignities with her Lands; are to de- fcend to her next Heir; Yet is the courtefie of, EngUnd fuch, that as the Wife for her Dower hath the third part of her Husbands Lands during her life; fo the Husband for the Dignity of his Sex, and forgetting his Wife with child, (which muftappear by be¬ ing born alive) fhali have all hisWives Lands (for his Dower, if it may be fo called^ du¬ ring his life. , . By the Conflitutions of England perfons are fofaft joyned , that they may , not bewholly feparated by any agreement between themfelves, but onely byientence of the Judge; and fuch Separation is either a V!nc::b Matrimonii, and that is Ob pr^i- contracltm,vel oh contraBum pcrrnetim cf- feBum, vel ohfrigiditatcm, vcl oh af.nita- tern, five Conj-inguinitatcm, vclobSxviti- am ; or elfe fuch Separation is .a Men fa (f Thoro, and th.at is ob Adttltcrium. TheWife in England is accounted fo much t>ne with het Husband, that Ihe cannot be produce^ of €nglanl)» produced as a witnefs for or againft her Husband. CHAP. XXI. of Children. T He Condition of Children in England is different from thofe in our Neigh¬ bor CouWies. As Husbands have a more abfolute Au¬ thority over their Wives and their Eflates, fo Fathers have a more abfolute Authority over their Children. Fathers may give all thfir Eftates unintailed from their own chil¬ dren, nnd to any one child, and none to the reft , the confideration whereof keeps the children in great aw. Children by the Common Law of Eng- kndi'nrc at certain ages enabled to perform certain afts. ' A Son at the age of Fourteen may chufe hh Guardian, Tiiay claim his Land holden In Soccage, maycohfent to Marriage, may by Willdifpofeof Goods and Chattels, At the age of Fifteen he ought to be fwom to his Allegeance to the King. At One and twenty he is faid to be of full age, may then make any Contrafts,may pals not onely Goods but Lands by Will,which in other Countreys may not be done till the ^nnits confiientin, the age of Twenty five when the heat of youth is foraewhat abated, and they begin be ftaid jnmind, as well 930 - p^eCent State A Daughter at Seven years, is to have aid of her Fathers Tenants to marry her for at thofe years fhe may confent unto Marriage, though fhe may afterwards diflent. At Nine fhe is Dowable, as if then, or foon after fhe could Firum [ufiinere, and thereby Patera promcreri. At Twelve fhe is enabled to ratifie and confirm her former confent given to Matri¬ mony ; and if at that age fhe diflent nor, fhe is bound for ever i fhe may then make a Will of Goods and Chattels. At Fourteen fhe might receive her Lands into her own hands, and was then out of Wardfhip,i{ fhe was Fourteen at the death of her Anceftor. At (Sixteen (though at the death of her Ancefiors fhe was under Fourteen^ fhe was to be out of Wardfhip j becaufe then fhe .might take a Husband, who might be able to perform Knights fervice. At Twenty one fhe is enabled to contraft or alienate her Lands by Will, or otherwife. The eldeft Son inherits all Lands, and to the Younger Children are difpofed Goods and Chattels, and commonly the eldefl Sons Wives Portion ; and befidesthey are care¬ fully educated in forae ProfefTion or Trade. If there be no Son, the Lands as well as Goods, are equally divide4 amongftthe Daughters. CHAP. of ^nglatiD* CHAP. XXII. of SerViVtts. 'THe Condition of Servants in EngLind is much more favorable than it was in our Aiiceftors d.iys, when it was fo bad, that EngUnd was called The Purgutory of Ser¬ vants, as it was, and is Hill tns Paradife of Wives, and the Hell for Horfes. Ordinary Servants are hired commonly for one year, at the end whereof they may be free ("giving warning three Moneths be- forej and may place themfelves with other Mafters; onelyitis accounted difcourteous and unfriendly to take another Mans fervant, before leave given by his former Mafier; and indifcreet to take a feYvant without Certificate of his diligence, and of hisfaith- fulnefs in his fervice to his former Mafter. All Servants are fubjeft to be correfted by their Mailers and Miitreffes, and refin¬ ance in a Servant, is punifhed with fevere penalty; but for a Servant to take away the life of his or her Mafter or Miftrefs, is accounted a Crime next to High Treafon, and called Petty Treafon,^nd hath a peculiar Puniflrment Capital. Foreign Slaves in England are none, fince Chriftianity prevailed. A Foreign Slave brought into England, is upon landing ipfo fiiclo free from Slavery, but not from ordi¬ nary fervice. 331 Some 332 t:De p?efent State Some Lands in England are holden in fiUanage, to do fome particular Servi ces to the Lord of the Manner^ and fuch Tenants may becalled rte Lordt Servants. There is a twofold Tenure called Villan- age, one where the Tenure onely is fervile, as to Plough the Lords Ground, Sow, Reap, and bring home his Corn, Dung his Land, &c. The other, whereby both Perfon and Tenure is fervile, and bound in all refpefts at the difpofition of the Lord; fuchPerfons are called in Law, Pure Villains^ and are todoall Villanoux Services to improve the land he holds to the Lords ufe, themfeives to be wholly at the Lords fervice, and what- cverjthpyget is for their Lord : Of fuch, there are now but few left ia England. The neareft to this condition, are Apprentices, (that iignifies Learners') a fort of Servants that carry the Marks of Pure Villains or lond-flaves ( as before in the Chapter of Gentry is intimated) differing however in this. That Apprentices are Slaves onely for a time, and by Covenant j the other are fo, at theWillof their Matters. CHAR of €nglani)f CHAP. :kxiii. 0/?^^ ROYAL SOCIETY. H Aving in this fmall Treatife had oc- cafion to make known to the World, h'j Himc, our Princes, Prelates, Nobles, Great Officers of State,Privy Counfellors, Pi incipal Courtiers, our Judges, Serjeants at Law, Civilians, all now living, it will not be altogether impertinent to add hereunto notonely the Names of all tho'e worthy Governors and,eminent Profeflbrs in our two famous Univerfities, but alfo all thole who of late have If'led themfelves for promoting that admirably ingenious defign for bettering the condition of humane lift?, by a vigorous advantement of Real Know¬ ledge, and a fpeedy Improvement of Arts and Sciences: Of whole beginning, pro- grefs, and many very ufefttl Difeoveries already made ; See that excellent Hiftory wi'itten by Br. fince the publilhing where^, divers other profitable and ingeni¬ ous inventions have alfo been produced by fomeof that Society, and will be made pub- lick in due time. (3:je piefent ©tate A LIST of the royal society in Alphabetical Order. H Is Sacred Majefly, King CHARLES the Secondj Founder and Patron. His Royal Highnefs fmes, Duke of 7orli. His Highnefs Prince Rupert, Count Pi- Idtine of the Rhine. His Highnefs Ferdinand Albert, Duke of Brunfwidi and Lunenburg!:. A.. Robert^ Earl of Alkhtiryl Archibald, Earl of Argils. ’^ames, Earl of Anglefey. 'parses, LotA Annejley. iVilliam Aglonby M. D. garner Alderne M. ThomasAllenM.D. ■ i Elias AjhmoWEfqniiS. Sir Robert Atliins Knighjj^l Monlieur Adrian Ausiop:if-^y •^ohn Aubrey Efquire. George, Duke of Bii<^fngham1 WiUm, Lord YKomiBromker'. Willimo jVillim-, lord Brereton. Sir ^ohn Biinlis Knight and Baronet. Hicholds Bdgn^LEiqnits. Thomin Biins M. D. Tbotnay Bill Efquire* Betn Bill M. D. Jfiic Birrew B. D, Kilph Bithurfi D. D. ^ohn Beil D. D. FiStor Bciufott. Fibres de Frcftys. Monfieur Theodore de Beringtoit. ' Sir Cbirles Berkley Knight of the Bath, Sir ■^ohn Berlienbead Knight. RokrtBo/ieEfquire. ^ohn Broo/iEfquire. Edroird Brown M. D, Vivid Bruce M. D. Monfieur JjJmael Bulliildm, Mr. Gilbert Burnet. Sir Eiiwdrii Knight. C. Gilbert, lord Archbiihop of CintCfhury'. EdwirdiBadof Clarendon. Charles, Earl of Cttrlijle. ^ohn, Eii-l of Cufford and Lindfey. "^ohn, Lord Bilhop of Che(ier. William, Lord. Cavendijh. Charles, lord Clifford. Mr. '^iimcs Carhe^e. Dr. George Caffe D. D. Sir Philip Carteret. Edward Chmberlain X. I. D, 33 ^ Ctje pief^nt State Sir irinfl^n Churchill Knight. Henry CUrk /' Timothy CUrk Sir ttohnCi'tytonKmght. Sit ClifordCliftonKmght. George CflC^Bfquire. ColonelThomii^ Collcpepyr: Mr. ^ohn Collins. _ s^ohn Colved Efquire. Duniel Colrcil Efquire. Sir Ric/wriCoricrKnight. Edward CottonD.D. A. !>• of Corn. Peter CoHrto/c Efquire. Thomas Cox hA.D, Thomas Cox Efquire. Vanicl Cox Efquire. t^obnCrcei Efquire. Thomas Criipe Efquire. jVilliamCroonU.'D. Sir William Curtim Kuightand Baronet. Sir job cutler Knight and Baronet. Henry, Marquefsof 'Dorchejicr, William, Earl of Dcvonjlnre. Edward, Earl of Vorfet. , Monlieur l^iul de JdAmos. ^obn Downs M. D. Benjmtn, LordBilhop of Ely. Andrew Efquire. Sir George E«tKnight, g^flb Evelin Efquire. V.Miil-, of €nslanU» F. Mmicc, Lord Vifcount Fit^-Murdin^o Sir Fruncii Fmc Knight of the Butk^ Monfieur le Fcbure. Sir ^ohn Finch Kt. Henry Ford. Efq; G. Sir Bcrmird Gitfccn Kt. ^ofepb GUnvilc B. D. Francis Gliffon M. D. Jonathan Goddard M. D. Sir William GodolpbinKt. Major ^obn Gnant. Mr. "fimes Gregory. H. Henry, Lord Homrd of Norfoll^ Chriflopber Lord Hutton. Theodore Huali Ebq-, William Hammond Efq,- William Harrington Efq, Sir Erafmus Harhy Bar. Sir Edward Harley Knight of the Bat‘\ Sir Robert Harley Kt. Thomas Hurley Efqj Sir parties Heyes Kt. Nathaniel HenjlMw M. t), ' Thomas HenJlMw Efq,. ’^ohn Hevelim Confui of Vannl Abraham Hill Ebq-, James Hoar Efq^ 0 . Willim Clje pjtCem '^:ate ifiUim Holder D. D. Robert Hooli M. A. ^obn Hosliins Efqj Anthony, HornecliU. A, chirks Hothim E(qj Ckirlcs Howard of HorfoUi. Edward Howard ot Nor/o//^. William le Hunt Efq^ Monfieur Cbriflian Huygens de Zulhlm. 1 Richard Jo«e/E!q; Alcxinder Earl of Rjneardiu, Edmund %,iug M. D. Robert, Earl oi Lindfey, Lord Great Chamberlain, Humphrey, Lord Bifhop of London. Thomas LahcyEfci-, Sir Ellis Leighton Kt. Monfieur Lcyenbergh, Refidentof Sweden, ^ohn Locti Efq; ^ames Longhic]-, Richard Lower M, D. Sir ^ohn Lowther Kt. Anthony Lowth. r Efq; Monfieur Low de lyonne. M. Edmri m M, EdwJtrd, Earl of AErKfk’/fcr,'Loi'd Chotn- bsrlain. Mr. HicholK Mcrator. Chrijtopher Mcrrct M. D. Sir Robert Morry Kt. Henry More D, D. ^ijucs du Molin M D. N. ^imes, Earl of MerthmptOK. Gnfper Heedhm M. D. Wdter Hced-hm M. D. Sir Pin I Heil Kt. Thomas Heil, Efqj iViHim Heil Efq; Edmrd Heltkrop Efq; ^ohn Hewburgb Efq; Sir Thomas Holt K^. O. ] Henry Oldenburg Efq; Hiekolas Oudart Efq; P, Henry, Earl of Peterborough. Philip Padier Elq-, Samuel Parser M. A, Sir RokrtPi/ionKnight and Barotieti -^obn Peirfon D. D. fehnPell D. D. Smuel S40 paeCent ©tate Smud Pcpi'jEfq; Sir iVilliiim Perjd Kt. Monfieur SumiieL Petit. Sir IVillUm Petty Kt, Sir Peter PcttiiH. Peter Pett Efq; '^Vdltcr PopeU.'D. Sit iVillimPortmin Knight and Baronetj and Knight of the, FrMih Potter B. D. ThomM Povey Efqj Uer.ry Fewer M. D. Sir Richdrd Povule Knight of the Henry Fertile Efqj ^ohn, Lord F\.obcrts, Lord Privy SeaL ^e/injLord Bifliopof Roctejtcr. Colonel BiiUen Rejmes. Tbomut Rolt Pfqi PauI Riciut Efq; E(imrd,P.tLt\ of S-undnieh. tr//l/ara,Lord Vifeount Stifford. Ddvidi Lord Vifeount Sterrnont. ^cth,Lord Bi(hop o(Salisbury. iVillimSchrotcr Efq; Sir ^.mesShaen Knight and Baronet. Philip Sl^ipponEbq-j , ' Sir NicboUt SlnnningKt, . Henry SlingsbyP^q-, pnru.h S?nctt}j;ic{Bfqi Ediv.ird Smith’cky, George Oetfge Smith M. D. William Som Efq; Monfieur Smuel Sorbiere. Sir Robert SouthweilKt. Thomas Sprat D. D ■Alexander Stanhope Efq; ' Nicholas Stevoart Bzt, T,' Sir Gilbert Talbot Kt.' ^^hnEarlof Ttveedale. Chriflopher Terne M. D. Thomas Thynne Efo; Malacbi Truftan M. D. Sir Samuel r«4e Knight; V. Come Urn Vermuyden Efq; ^<3qTKuvl[aacVoff}us. George, lord Bilhop of JVintor T.dmund Waller E{q. '^ehnWallU'h. D, War dm. A. EdvoardWaterhoufeECq- Vantel Whiftler M. D Tofeph Williamfon Efo. Thomas Willis M.D. TraneU WMoughby Efqj 0.5 i Hi 34 ^ paeftnt State jVillim jVinde f ^ofepb Witlhrop < Efquires; Samuel Woodjori (. Benjamin fVoodroofM.A: ^ohn iVray M. A. Matthew iFrenEfq; Chrifiopber Wren L. L. D. Thomas Wren M. D. Sir Cyril Wyche Kr= Sir Peier Wycbe Kr, Edrriund Wylie Ffq; S.ichardjLori Archbifhop of Torf^. ^obn, Lord Tcjier,. A Lifi of the prefnt COUNCIL of the royal society in Alphabetical Order. \ r \ TllUam, Lord VifcouiU V V k^r Pre5denr. hRobert) Earl of Alcjbury. iViUiam (sWrs{in Efq; Sir 'ifohn Ban!;_s Kr. Edward Brown M. D. “^obn, Lord Bilhop of Chefcr, Timothy Clarke M. IX Daniel Colwal ElquirCj Treafurerf William Croon M. I>, ^ohnEvelin Efq;' ^onuiban Goddard M. D, mnfjt of€nslai*- 343 mm> 1o$tiHomrd of Nerfolk- Sir '^mes Htiyes Kt. Thomii Henjhm Efquire, Secretary, Sit ^ohnLomher Bar, Sir Robert Moray Kt, Sir Paul Neil Kt. Henry Oldenburg Efq,- Seth, Lord Biihop of Saliibury. Sir SamuelTulieRt. Sir Teter JVyche Kt. By the fore-going Lift, the Reader may perceive how many perfons of different Degrees, Religions, Countreys , Profefli- ons. Trades and Fortunes have united and confpired to lay afide all Names of Diftm- ftion , amicably to promote Experimental Knowledge. At Jrundel Houfe ("by the Bounty of the Right Honourable the Lord Henry Ho- ward of Norfolli) is at prefent the Place of their meeting, the time is every Thursday at Four of the Clock in the Af-. ternoon. At Grejhm Colledge (in theCuftody ofthatmoft ingenious difcoverer and in¬ defatigable Experimenter Mr. Robert Hool^ is their Repofitory , the free and bountiful gikofVaniel ColrraU El<\mrei the pre¬ fent Treafurer of the laid Society, wherein are to be feen many Thoufands of great Rarities, fetched (I’ome of them) frons the fartheft corners of the habitable World, as Bealls, Birds, Filhes, Serpents, Flies, “ “ ' Ms, 344 State Shells, Feathers, Seeds, MiHftals, Births fome things Petrified, others Offified, Mummies, Gums, (s’c. Divers of which have been fincc added by other worthy Members of that Society , and by other ingenious Perfons j and in a fhori time, is like to be ( if not already ) one of the largeft and moft curious Colleftions of the Works of Nature in the World. Touching their Library (the noble gift of the fore-mentioned Lord Henry Ho- mri) theit Labomories, intended Co/- ledges, ^c. Account lhall be given elf- where. Tk 345 of ^itglanD^ The Names and Titles of the Governors of the fever al Celle ages and Halls in Oxon. D OftorFf/ijBean of Chrifl-Church. Dr. Tierce, Prefident of Magdakn- CoUedge. Dr. fVeodward, Warden of Hew-Col- leige. Dr. "fimes, Warden of All-Souls, Sit Thomas. CUyton , Warden oiMerton, Dr. Mewlin, Prefident of Cerpus-Chrifli, Dr. B^r/pWjProvoftof Queens. Dr. Mexv, Prefident of S. "^ohns: Dr. B.ithurfl, Prefident of Trinityi Dr. Tates, Principal of Bralen-NoCc. Dr. Say, Provoft of Oriel. D-n Warden of Wadham: Dr. Crerc, Reftor of Lincoln, le^e' Univerfty-Col- Dr. Berry , Reftor of Exeter. Dr. Savage, Mafter of Baliol. Dr. fenfiins, Principal of ^elm. Hall, M^der of Pembro^L Dr. Hide, Principal of Magdalen-Rall. Dr, Tully, Principal of Edmund Hall. J^r. Principal of Albon-Hall. Ms. Stone, Principal of New-Inn. Dr. Eaton, Principal of Glocefter-HalL ^r.Crotvdcr, Principal of S. Mary-Hall, Us..Lampb,rc, Principal of Hart-Hsll. Tbs 546 pCent ^tate The Names of the Profejfors and Le^ln- renin Oxon. T^Eg. Profeff(ir theologia, Dr. Aik- Prxl.Tlkologia VominaMargirtU, Dr. Birl-ove. , Reg. Pnfe(forMedicinie,>->r. Hide. Reg. Profef. Jfuris Civilk, Dr. Swetu . Pub-. dr[iitor. hr. South. Lingux Hebrakts P, Reg. Dr. Pococli. LhguttGmca Prof. Reg. Dr.Lmnr. PraleBdr Anatom. Dr. Parh,^. PrceleUor Hiftoria, Dr. Lmpbire. * Prel. Natural. Pbilof. Dr. mUh. Prtd. Aftron. Dr. tVren. Prxl.Geomet. Dr. milis. PraleHor Moral. Philof. Mr. Hodges i Cb.0. of €nglatiiJ» 347 Catalogue ef the Mafters of all the Colledges and Halls in the Vniverfitj of Cambridge. S T. Peters-CoUedge, Dr. Bemont, D.D. CUre-mU, Dr. Diliingbam, D.D. Fenbroolie-mil, Dr, Mapletoft, D.D. Corpus Cbrifti-Collcdge , alias Bennet- Collcdge, Dr. Spencer, D.D. Trinity-fialli Dr. ll^jing, Do(SorinLaw» Gonvilc (S'caias-CoUedge, Dr. Braddy. Doftor in Phyfick. mgs-CoUedgCi Dr. FleetmodiD.D. and Provoft of the faid ColJedgei ^eens-Colledge, Dr. mils, D.D. S. Katherine-HaU, Dr Lightfoot, D. D. ^efits-CoUedge, Dr. Baldero, D. D. Ckrifts-Colledge , Dr. Cudworth, D.D. i>. fohns-CoUedge, Dr. Turner, D.D. Magdalen-Colledge, Dr. Buport, D. D* Trinity-Colledgc, Dr. Pierfon, D. D. Emanuel- Colledge, Dr. Britton. D. D. n fi"'' Siinej.CoUedge, Dr. Hin- jUli .U, D; The 54^ p^erent State ThtNa^mes of the Puhltck^ Profejfors in the Vniverfity of CamDiidge, D 'Oftor Gunning; the Kings Profeflbr in Divinity. Dr, Peirfon, the Lady Margarets'Pro- feflor in Divinity. Dr. CUr\e, ProfeiTor in the Civil Law. Dr. G//i/'a/!jProfefforln Phyfick, Dr. Ifitberington, Publick Orator. Mr. NewtOTJjthe Mrthamatick Profeffor. Dr. Cud-worth, the Hebrew Profeflor. Mr. Crciton, the Greek Profeflbr. Dr. Arabick Profeflbr. FINIS. THE I SECOHV O F THE PRESENT STATE 0 F England: Together with I ^ DIVERS REFLECTIONS^ I UPON I ’ The Antient State thereof, | ; BvEdiVIrD C HAMBERLJtnE! : Df of [a^vss'ni Fellow ofthe Royal Society. ' | i The SECOMP E d 7 ¥I o'm , .i ■ CorrefteJ, and newly Augmented, ■ ; Jfi Mn^nh volttiffe jat e[i - - In the SAVOY:, ' : Ptinted by r. N. for ^ohn Martyn Printer to t. ! RoJE Society,-lA are lo be frld st the Si n oi ' the Bell in Sc. Pauls Clwrcb-Tarl 161 > ORNfATlSSIMO CONSULTISSIMOQ5 VIRO D. JOS. WILLIAMSON ARMIG. E SOCIETATEREGIA LONDINENSI, IN REGNI COMITHS SENAToRr. REGI£ majestati AB ARCHIVIS STATUS ET INTIMIORI CONCIHO A SEGRETIS, HOC Q.\!AI.E.<^llALE E N G H I RI D IU M UM. D. C. Ct E, C To the Reader. having given a fuceiriB Account r^e Govern' meat in general, mitit Monarchicalj md there¬ in, of the King, Queen, Princes and Princefl'es of the Blood 5 of the Great Officers of the Crown 5 e/tfe Kings, Queens, andDnktof Yorks Qourts j of the Three States of Eng' land* land, Giergy, Nobi¬ lity , and Commons, and of d'mn other re^ markaMes. In thk Seeond Part ■ of the Trefent State. .of { England, he Jmb .en, , demorei to - iefirih veith the life brevity:, the r Particalar Government Engird, Ecclefiaftw To tlie Reader.’ cal, Civil, and Mili-' tary; The fever d Corns of juftiee, the. Offices and Officers belonging thereunto and ( for the fab^ of Foreignersy »: exhibite a particular Wejcrifition of the Fa' Msm City of London) of the Hyso Kenowned liiiYerfit'ies,&;c. i hr ereUing fuck TotfcReafe d ‘fpdcious'' ah^ 'varidim Edifce ; the SpeBator; Mfir(i view^ mH. hardly, tmthe iop much pains , ms befiomdM digging the‘ Foundation^ fing Scafifolds:^ m. fimlj' . ing) conveying.^ and fit- ing MateriaUy m contru . ving the Archkc^W^yy ^ in removing the ^hbiflo\^ ^CC{}' ^ To tbe Reader. &c. Other Raiiders confuit onely their oson 'Brains, and the B)ead (^thatis Bm^} • unto Mcefs may he had at all horn -, hut in this- Work , the Living and. the cheiceSi. among them,. far diflant, others feL To,die Reader. im tu kifio'e, ^me «w> "SttHmg iOi emmmcMt Kofmever, if the Reader, reading in few hours, the Fruits of many: Moneths labor , (haHreceive any content, the Author wtU not: • To the Reader; omlyxie this ^ . 'hut encouraged for'mother Hk^ Enters frife. . ,:v . 0. THE CONTENT S. A.; A limiYd irj^, Admlrdtj lyp Archbijhdp ig Archdeacon . 2^ Arches Court 249 Audience Court E Beconti Benchers . m Mi- The Oontents. Bifhifs Fm^hn 17 Bfpops ^urisdi&m 17 Silhofm^iftg 21 Jtilh^sC&ttficrAthn 34 Bi^psTrdnpfm 26 Bf’ifam Burfc lot C Cajilef i 4 i ^ €hmellours> 40 chance) j Ciurt; 131 chancery of^cerc^ 138 Civilians Celledge Civiliani^a Li^ 251 Chriftmas at Inns of" Cimt 241 Church-Wardens 31 Clerk of the Market 150 HighCommijfhnCmt 3^ Common Fleas 112 Common PleasOfficcrs li4> Company of Traders 213 Conftables High 149. ConfiahlesFetty 152: TheGpnte^s.’ CMvocAtien Cmners Cmt of ArchieAms jj Com of Delegates 39,257 Com o f Kings Bmh 10^ Com of Lords 105 Curfitors 142 Cnfom-koufe %%S D. Dean and Cha^ttf 17 Cmmns 249 E. Eeelefta(lieal Government 15 Ecelefiaftcal Ptrfons iU Kcdejiallital Cenfitres 2 a Ecclejiajlicdl Caufes 41 Ecflefiaflical Lam 42 Eeelefiapcal Tryals ib, Eieltftajlkal fnmjhments 4^ The Contents. ’Exchange Ro^d 202 Exchequer 118 Excheqm' 0 ffyeri'.' ' 120 Mxehfper lower 124 % 0 pmmmcatk'ns' /; . 45 G. Garrifons 155 Government of Cities 150 Government Civil 4P Government of Counties ' 14 5 Government Ecclefiaflicd\ 15 Government Miliurfx.^ .-154 Government of V'tlUges I j 2 Grammar School 275 i H, Herdds Colledge , - ■ - 266 H'cufeef Commons •, ' ' ' ji Houfe of Lords \ . ib. The Contents L Inmof Court ; , Imes of Chancery Inner Barriliers Judges 24^ L. . u Lancafier Dutchj IjO Lam of Rhodes 180 L^^don Bridge ,234 kondonhurnt 197 London CharA^tr^ ;I§8 London C ity ib. London CoUedges 232 London Government . 2."^^ London rebuilt ..ibx- London Lower London Lythes 207 LordM^yor 209 Lords lieutenants 29B M. The Contcntj. M. Ma^er of the Ordnance nS Merchants 2oj Military Government i j a Militia Maritime i $2 Militia fending 153 Mooting K Navy Charges f%y Navyoffee jgg O. O/feers of Common Pleas 114 offeers of Exchequer I %o Officerstf Kings Bench ju Ordination of Deacons g* Ordination of Prices gg ?• The Contents. P. farltament Parliament men St. Pauls tendon Paper office Patrons of Churches Peculiar Court Penance Pofl office Prebendary Prerogative Court Privy Council Privy CouncilClerks Privy Councellors Privy Seal Clerks Phyfttians Colledge PhyfttianSjA Lif R. 11 30 40 227 28 40,255 % 12 5 14 258 2^0 Reader at the Junes of Court Records in the Tomr Rett or s office 258 217 River The Contents. River New 204 Reel’d olerm ■; 180 Rey els overaigft 166 S. Secretaries of State ,[ ' 116 Signet Clerks 12 Sexton or clerk 32 Sh/ifs of Counties - 147 Ships^aLili ■ Sergeants at Law ' . 243 Sergeants Inne ' Sergeants making 24 5 Southwark 280 T. Thames Trade of London Tower Lieutenant. V. 203. 2C5 222 Vice Admiral 1,76 Ti-. The Contents. vicar General ^57 Unherfties 281 Utter Bar if ers 237 W. Wardrobe off ce ^ 3 ® Wefminfer ^77 AnglU 3^otim , OR THE PRESENT STATE ENGLAND: ©econDPatu of the Government of England in farticnUr-, and Fir ft of the Kings mop Honourable Frhy Council T He Government of EngUniy iti particular is either Ecclefi^fti- cil, Civil or Militiry , where¬ in the King is lupreme Gover- nour in all Caufcs and over allPcrfons; from him is derived all Au¬ thority and JurisdidUon. He is qiafi In- teUellus Agens, Eotmi for/iurim, vel potiiis Mnndi AngHci IPcus , And the Pri- B mm 2 CDepiefent©tate m'mMohilct\\€i-coi, fiom 'ivlienceall the Infericui- Oibes derive their Motion, is that Noble Honourable and Reverend Af- fembly called Conc/VAttt [ecrctiim, Priva- turn vclContinu;;m PcgU Concilium-) which is a Court of fuch Antiquity and Honour that it may-be fail to be higher then the higheft Court of England fas the Parlia¬ ment is-ufually called) for our Parlia¬ ments are not only much younger, but al- fb.raay truly b“ faid to be the R-oduftions of the Kings Privy Council as appears by ■the-words of the ^^'rit for (timmoning of a Parliament. This is the higheif watch Tower of the Nation, wherein the King ' with all his good Centinels and Watch¬ men about him takes a careful furvey of all his Dominions, and fometimes of all the Domininons of the World as any of them have any Relation to his, where he Confulrs and Contrives how to proteft' his numberlefs SubjeiTs, not oiiley from Injuries amongfl: thtmfelves, but from the wrongs and violences of all other Nations, where he doth confult and watch for the publ'ckgood , Honour, Defence, Profit, .and Peace of all his people. Before the later end of Henry the Third. iltiod provi[um fuit per Rcgem tT" Concili¬ um fuiim Privxttm jigilloque Kegii confir- mitum proculdulio Icgis vigorem habiiit, faith Spelnuin. ■ The Primitive and ordinary way of Go¬ vernment in England , w.as by the King and and his Privy Council, and ai! our Kings have 3 have afteJ much by it,determining Contro - verSes of great importance, foemtimes touching Lands and Rights between party and party,whereof there are very many Pre¬ cedents , and the Judges of EngUnd in fome difficult cafes were not wont to give Judgment, until they had lirft confulted the king or his Privy Council. Moreover the Lords and Commons affembled in Pat- liament, have oft-times tranfmitted mat¬ ters of high moment to the King and his Privy Council, as by long experience and wifdom better able to judge of, and by fecrecy and expedition betterabletotranf- acl fome State Affairs, then all the Lords and Commons together. At prefent, the King and his Privy Council take Cognilance of few matters that may well be determined by the known ■ Laws and ordinary Courts of Jullice , but onely , asaforefaid , confult for the Pub- lick Good, Honour, Defence, Safety, and Benefit of the Realm , not medling with matters that concern Freeholds, but mat¬ ters of Appeal and fudden Emergencies.. The Lords of the Privy Council are as it were a part of the King, incorporate with him and his Cares, bearing upon their Shoulders that great weight, that otherwife would lye wholly upon His Ma- jefty, wherefore of fuch high value and efteem they have always been, that if a man. did but firike in the Houfe of .a Privy Counfellor, or elfcwhere in his prefence he was gtievoufly Fined for the fame.. tlD[)cpiefent ©tate and to confpire the death of any of them was made FMony, inany of the Kings fer- vants within the Ckecli Roll j and to till one of them was High Treafon. A Privy Councellor , though but a ■'Gentleman j fiiall have precedence of all .Knights, Baronets, and youngcp Sons of .all Barons and Vifcounts. The Subftance of their Oath is, That they lliall according to their power and difcretion, Truly, Juftly, and Evenly, Counfel and Advife the King , in al! mat¬ ters to be Treated in His Majedies Coun¬ cil, that theyfltall .keep fecret ihe Kings Counfel, O-'c. By Porceof this Oath, and the Cuftotn of the Kingdom of E.t’g/.trzd, a Privy Coimfellor is made without any Patent or 'Grant, and to continue one !y during the life of the King that makes him, nor lb long unlefs the King pleafeth. Heretofore thei e hath been ufually a Lord Prefident of the Kings'Privy Coun¬ cil, a Dignity of fo high Repute, that By a Statute of Henry the Eight, he is to take place in publick , next to the Lord High Trcalurerof ; His Office wastofpeak fit'll to bufinefs, to report to His Majefty thePaffages and State of buli- neffes tranfaclcd at Council Table. The 'lall Lord Prefident was the Earl of Mm- chcfler, Father of the prefent Lord Cham- berlaine. To his Privy Councdlors the King -of Englind, may declare or con¬ ceal Par. 2. of^nglanti; ceal from them whatfoever he alone judgeth lit and expedient^ qux in re(faith the-Excei- lent Sir Tho. SKithyihfolutisjimim efl hoc Rcpuni Jnglix prte Venetorum D'ucMtu am Uccd-irnoniorum Principatii. The King with the advice of hii Privy Council doth publifli Proclaimtions bin¬ ding, to the Subjeft, provided that they are not contrary to Statute or Common Law. In cafes where the publich peace ho¬ nour or profit of the Kingdom may been- dangered for want of fpeedv red refs j there the King with his Privy Council ufuaily make ufe of an abfolute power if neei - be. The Members of this moft Honorable Council arefuch as his own free Will and. meer Motion Ihall pleafe to choofe, and are commonly men- of the higheft rank j eminent for Eftates, Wifdom , Courage , Integrity, (s-'c. And becaufe there are few cafes of moment fo temporal,. but that they may fomewa-y relate to fpiritual af¬ fairs, therefore according.to the general Rules of Policy and Government, which God himfelf ordained amongll his chofeit people the Jews, the Privy Council (as well as the great Council of Parliament) is compofed of Spiritual as well as Tem¬ poral perfons/ome of the principal Bifhops of England have in all times been chofen by His Majefty to be of his Privy Coun¬ cil. €!)^p^efem S>tate 7 he Lords of His Majefiies Prhj Council^ Ate at prefect theje that follow: His Royal Highnefs the Duke of Icrk^ His Highnefs Prince Rupert. Gilbert Lord-Archbiftiopof Canter- bur}. Sir Orlank Bridgman Knight and Ba¬ ronet, Lord Keeper of the Great Sea!. ^ohn Lord Roberts Lord Privy Seal. George Duke of Buckingham., Mr. of the Horfeto His Majelty. James Duke of Monmouth. ^ames Duke of Ormond Lord Great Steward of His Majcflits Ho.u- fhold. Henry Marquis of Porchcfier. Henry Earl of Ogle. Thomas Earl of Ojfcry. R'.bertEeid of Lind'ey. Lord Great Chamberlain of England. Edward Par t Of CnSlanD. T/ Lord Cbimbethin of His Maieftios Hoo. • of Oxfcrl U» Earl of Brkgwaw. Jiohert^2^'c\o( Lecclfter. Henry Earl of S. klhans. Edward Earlof S^^dwicb-- ylrthurE'-'^ 0? Anghfej- fohn-t^T\oi Bath, Groom of the ■ Stole to His Ma jelly. Charles %2.x\oi Carl:[u\ fVillim Earlof Craven , 'john Earl of Rothes, His Nia^eil ea ComnViffioner in Scotland. fohn Earl -of Lothtrdale , Secretary of State in ?o^«Earlol ruvecdale. Un^A'tlo^ Middhton. Rkhiri Lrrl of CKr^Lord Pie- fidentof wales /{o^f'Earl of Omrj. H«,brr,LordB.(hopofL»ifc». ^enry .'- ord Arlington, one ot Hb MajeQies P^^ipal J^r^s o ' FrLis Lord Nc'ivfort Com^txo- lerof HisMajeaiesHouftioW. B 4 l- ' ® €^()^Piefeht©tate John Lord Berkley Lieutenant of ■Ireland. ^(n[el\siii Holies. •^w^«»j'Lord4/^/^, Chancellor of the Exchequer, ^^T^ThomasClifford Knight, Treafu- rerofHisMajeftiesHouniold. Sir George Carteret Knight, Vice- Chamberlain to His Majefty. Sir Trez'or Knight, one of His Majehies Principal Secretaries of State. Thomas Ingram Knight, Chan- feiior of the Dutchy. Sir William Morice Knight. John Bmcom Knight. Sir Thomas Chichele) Knight, Mafier of the Ordnance. Thefc are all to wait on his Majefly: and at Council Board fit in their Order Ij'^^'^HisMajeftyprefides. ' At all Debates the lowefi delivers his opinion firft thatfoheniay be the more fi-ee , and the King lafi of all declares hi! -U.it JS moll commonly held iiithe moi! . Par. 2^ Df ^nglanfi: ' " ^ njng on iVedriefdiiy and Friduy out of Par^ Jiament time and Term time , arid in the Afternoon j in time of Parliament and-- ^ Term. A'Councili? feldom'or never held with- out the Prefence of one of the Secretaries of State, of whofe Office and Dignity ■ much more confiderable in than in other Nations, take here this brief Ac- . count. The Kings of En^l.tnd\i^i antlently but one Secretary of State , until about the end of He»r7 the Eight his Reign j it was thought fit, that weighty and important OfEce ihould be difcnarged by two Per- fons, both of equal authority , and both ftiled Principal Secretaries of State Inthofe.- days, and fome while after , they fare not at Council Board', but having prepared. their bufinefs in a Room adjOyning to the Council-Chamber j they came in, and' flood on either hand of theKing; and no¬ thing was deb.ated at the Table , until the Secretaries had gone through with their Propofals. But ^een Ei'i^abeth feldom comingto Council, that Method was al- . tered 5 and the two Secretaries took their ■- places as Privy Counfellors ; which Dig¬ nity-they have retained a’.id enjoyed ever.- flricc.; and a Council is 'eldoni or never held without the prefence-of one of them arth.eleafl.. Their employnrent being -of extraordi- ' narytruftand mulriplicity , renders them moft confiderable both in the eyes of the B' 5 : Kisg- 20 12®epiefent@tate“ "King 5 upon whom they attend every day as ^occafion requires; and of the Subjefts alfo, whofe requefts and deiircs are for the moft part lodged in their hands, to be prefented to the Kingj and,'always to make dif- pa, ches thereupon, according to His Ma- jefties Aniwers: and Direiftions, As'for Forraign,'Affairs, the Secreta¬ ries divide all the Kingdoms and"Nations, which have intercourfe of bufioefs with the KingofJ?Bg/ard Nicholdr.' ■ ' And Sir ^'ohn Trevor , who for his great abilities and fuccesful Negotiations had that Trull and Honour conierred upon him, when Sir Morice-i late Secretary> of State, was'by His‘Majellies-gracious , confent permitted to retire from bulinfifs,.;- Waiting on the Privy Council itheyc are , Four Clarks In Ordinary:., whc>,, W3ite by Mdmh.a^ Months each one > he that comes in , is al¬ ways a week before and a week after his Month to aflift there. Their Office is to read what* is brought before the Council and draw up all fuch Orders as the King and Lords fhall direft, and caufe them to be Regiftred. They are thefe that follort'. Sir R/ckrd Br9»n, Sir TLimfi. Wilkef], Sir ^obn Nicolas, Sir Robert Southwell Salaries to each rjo. 1 . befidesFees for Or¬ ders and Letters, eir’c. Befidetheforenamed Officers there is a Kefjjer of the Records, ^ohnlVooUy'Bfcii no Fee. Two Keepers of the Council Chamber j Fee to each 45 1 . Thirty Meflengers, whereof Ten at a' time by turns waite every Moneth j Fee to each 45 L Thefe upon Occalion are fent by War¬ rant of the Lords of the Privy Councilto fetch-any Perfon, under the Degree of a Baron , and to keep him Priloner in his Houfe till farther -order. Attending on the Secretaries are the Clerks of the Signet, or Little Seal, which is always in the Cuftody of the Secretaries, for-fealing the Kings Private letters and for all fuch Grants as pafs HisMajefties hands byBillaffigned. Of thefeClerks therearefour. Sir ^obn .Nic/siii/j-Knight of the Bath, Sir Philip' P&micii Par. 2.' of €nglW* Wamicli Knight, Trumhal Ef- quire , and Sidney Beir Efquire, Thefe have no Fee from the Kingbut onely Dy- ct, which atPenfionis 200/.yearly. Their Office is in Wintehadlyhey waiteby Month,, each of them three Months in a year. One of them alwayes-attends the Court where- foevecit removes ,.and by Warrant from the King , or Secretaries of State, or Lords of the Council, prepare fueh Bills or Let¬ ters for the King to fign, as not being mat¬ ters of Law are by anv Warrants directed to them to prepare. In their Office, all Grants either prepared by the King.s' lear- ned Council in the Law, or by themfelves, for the Kings hand, when figned are re¬ turned and there transcribed' again , and thattranfciiptionis carried to one of the Principal Secretaries of State, and Sealed, atrd then it is called, a Signet, which is direfted to the Lord Privy Seal, and is his Warrant for iffiiing out a Privy Seal upon it, which is prepared by the Clerks of that Seal, is fufficient for the payment of any Moneys out of the Exchequer and for feveral other ufes: but when the nature of the Grant requires the palling the Great Seal, then the Privy Seal is an Authority to the Lord Keeper to.pafs the Great Seal as the Signet was to the Lord Privy Seal to affix that Seal to the Grant, but .in all three Offices, viX- Signet,Privy-Seal and Great-Seal, the Grant is tranferibed. So all which pafles from the King hath thefe feveral ways of being confidered before per* feded, “ ' ■ - Theri?.; X4‘ There arealfo four Clarks of the Privy S^'al', vii. the Lorxt totheirBiibopricks, and have precedence of all other Bmns both in Parliament, and other Afleniblies: amongfl thefe pre¬ cedes always the Biftiop of Lortdon who by antient right is accounted Pan of the Ep,i[coptil- CoUed,s: o£ that Province, and by vertue th'erepf istolignifythe Pleafure of his Metropolitan to at tire. Biihops of the Province, to execute his Mundatesj to difperfe his Mijfives on all emergency of affaires to prccide in Convocationsor Pro- ivinckl Spfods during the neceOary,ab- fenceof the Metropolitan. Nextto - Lo'k- - ifciTzia'Phidiaraent) preceAes Purlum.y and then^. Winchefier •. all the reft o!^ the Bi- fltdps take place according to the Seniority of their Confecrations. ■ ■ j ■ Tht- IT Pat. 2.- otenslantr. The FunSiion of an Englijh Bijhop con^ lifts in what he may adft, either by his Epif- copal Order , or by his Epifcopal ^urifdic- tion. By his Epifcopal Order he may ordain Deacons and Priejls , he may Dedicate Churches and burying places, may ad- minifter the Rite and Ceremony of Con - firmatiou, without whom none of thefe things may be done. The ^urisdiSlion of a Bilhop is either Ordinary or Delegated', the Ordinary, is what by the Law of the Land belongs to • each Bilhop , in his own Diocefs j thePe- legated, is what the King is pleafed to confer upon him, not as a Bilhop, but as he is a Subjeft, and a conliderable Mem¬ ber of the Kingdom: For all Clergymen are in England (as antiently among Gods own People the , and amongft the Primitive Chrifkans , fo foon as they were under Chriftian Emperors) judged fit to en¬ joy divers temporal honours and employ¬ ments : as,. Firll, to be in the Commiflion of the Peace , for whofo proper to make and keep Peace as they, whole conftant duty it is to. preach Peace , whofo St as they, whofe main bufinefs and fludy it is to reconcile thofe that are at variance; and therefore fince His Majefties happy Reftauration , as well as before, divers grave difereet Divines have been made Juftices of Peace, and thereby not only the poor Glergy-men 18 (!D()ep?efent State have been protefted from the oppreffion of rheir caufelefs enemies, but many dif. ferences have been corapofed without any Law.fute, inamoreChriftian andlefs ex¬ penfiveway, SecondJy to be of His Majellies Privy Council, where frequently Cafes of Con- fciencemay arife , relating to State mat¬ ters , that will admit neither of delay nor publication, and therefore after the pattern of that excellent Chriftian Emperor Con- jUntine the Great ;-oifr good Kings both before and fincethe.Reformation have al¬ ways admitted fome fpiritual perfbns to their Council Tables and Clofet-debates. Thirdly , ;to be employed in publick Treaties and Negotiations of Peace, and this both the Ancient and Modern praftice wiU.)uftify^-tlut none hath been more frequently and fuccesfully ufed^ in fuch Meflages, then the Ambafladors' of Ghriil. Fourthly, to enjoy fome of the great Offices of the Crown, as tohe LordCbiCn- cellor, Lord Trctifurer, 8 ic. And it hath been obferved that in the late Kings Raign, when the Bilhop of London was LotdTrea- furor , that Office was executed with as much diligence, faithfulnefs, dexterity, and content to the Subjed , as well as to the King, as ever it had been by any of his late lay-PredeceiTcrs. In the ordinary Jurisdidon of aBiffiop, as a Bifhop may be confidtred either the ^tirisdioiion it felf , or what is inflated in him.. Par. 2. ot^JnslanDf him by the Law of the Land, for the bet¬ ter execution of th^itfitrisdiHion. The -jurisdi^ion it felf is eftabliibed partly by Statute Law, as to LicenceT?hy- fitians. Surgeons, and School-Maftets to unite and confolidiatefmallPariibes, to aifift the Civil Magiftrates in the execution of fome Statutes concerning Ecclefiaftical affairs, to compel the payment of Tenths and Sublidies due from the Clergy to the King, Partly by Common Law, as upon the Kings Writ j to certify the Judges touch¬ ing legitiniate and illegetimate Births and Marriages j to require upon the Kings Writ, the burning of an obftinate tick, alfo to require the Kings Writ for iniprifoning the Body of one that obftinatC- Jy uands. excommunicated 40 dayes.' And partly by Common and Ecclefiafii- cal Law together, as totaufe Wills of the Beceafed to be proved, to grant Admini- ftration of Goods of fuch as dye iiiteftate, to give order for the gathering and pvefer- ving of periihable Qoods, where none is willing to adminifter, to caufe Account tobegiven of Adrainiflrations, to collate Benehces, to grant Inflitutions to Bene¬ fices upon the Prefcntations of other Pa¬ trons, to command Induftion to be gi¬ ven, to order thccoHeftingand pieferving of the Profits of vacant Benefices for the ufe of the Succcflbrs, to defend thePran- chifes and Liberties of the Church, to vifit their particular Dioceffes once in three years. 30 State years, and therein to inquire of the Man¬ ners, Carriages, Delinquencies (iTc. of Minifters, of Church-wardens, of the reft of the Pariftioncrs, and amongft them, efpecialjyof thofe thatprofefs themfelves Phyfitians, Surgeons, School-mafters , Mid wives ^ of Wardens of Hofpitals, how they perform their feveral Duties and truftsj alfoof all others profeffing Chriftianity , and offending either againft Piety, as by Blarphemy , Idolatry, Superftition, Per¬ jury, H^refie , .Errors againft the 39 Ar¬ ticles, Schifm,Conventicles, abfence from Divine Service, unlawful abftinencefrom the Sacraments, or elfe offending againft Juftice, as the delaying of Legacies given to the poor or pious ules, Dilapidations of Bnildrngs or Goods belonging to the Church; taking of Ufury beyond the rate allowed by Statute, Simony, Perjury, or by offending againft Sobriety, as Drun- kennefs, Inceft, Adultery, Fornication , filthy Speech,tempting of any ones Chafiity, ClandeftineiMarriages,as for wantbf thrice publifliing the Banes , the want of Parents coufentjthe want of witnelfes,which muft be above two,or marrying in a private place,in an undue time, before Eight in the morning, and after Twelve of the Clock in the day, Now, for the better executing.of this ^urisiikion, the Law of EngUnd hath furniftied the Bifliops witha power of Ec~ clcfi/tftial Cenfuns, whereof fome may he inftifted both, upon Lay-men and Church-. Par. 2. of (J^nglanD* 21 •Church - men j as Sufpeiiffon fromentring into the Church , or elfe from receiving the Sacrament j or greater Excommunica¬ tions, ( 3 ^c. Others may be inflifted only upon Ecclcjkfticd PerfoHs', as^ Sequefira- tion of their Ecclefiaftical Profits, Suf- penfion, lometimes g,b Officio, fometimes a Bencfcio , Pcpriviition and Vepofition , which is fometimes verbal, by fentence pronounced againft them'^f and' fometimes real by Degradation. Here note that of all thefe Cenfures, Excommunication is never inflifted but only for Contumacy , as when a perfon being duly fummoned will not appear, or appearing, will not obey the Orders of the Bifhop. The foleinn manner of making a Bilhop in EngUndis as followeth, When any Billiops See becomes vacant, the Vein and Chupter of that cithedrd gi¬ ving notice thereof to the King, who is Patron of alltheBilhopricks in England t and humbly requefting that His Majefty will give leaveforthemto chole another ; the King hereupon grants to the Van, his conge tEJlire, which in French (wherein it was antiently penned) fignifies leave to deft, then the Dean fummons a Chapter or alfembly of the Prebendaries, who either eleft, the perfon recommended by His Ma- jefties Letters, or (hew caufe to the con¬ trary. Next the Eleftion is certified to the parry Elefted, who doth modeftly refufeit the firft and fecond time, and if he refufe 22 t!rf)0p^efent©tate itathirdtin^e, then that being certifyed to His Majefty, another is recommended ; when the illeftioq is accepted by the party , it is certifyed to the King and the Archbi- fhop of that Province,whereupon the King gives his Royal Aflem under the Great Seal of England ; which is exhibited to the Archbilhop of the Province , with com¬ mand to confirm and confecrate him, here- tothe Archbiftiopfubfciibes EM Confimn- tio, and gives (^^oniiriffion under his Ar- chiepifcopal S. ai 's His Vicar-General, to perform all the Afts required forper- feftinghis (iorfirmation. Tht VtcaI-General then in the name of the Archbilhop fends forth a Citation, fummoring all Oppofers of thefaidhlefti- on or Perfon Elefted j to appear at a cer¬ tain time and place efpecially alfigned to make their objeftions. This is done by an Officer of the Arches ufually at Bow Church in C/;e^/)/?iLoWo« by Proclamation three times, and then affixing the laid Ci¬ tation on the Church door for all people to read , the faid Officer returns an Authen- tick Certificate thereof to the Archbiffiop and Vicar-Gciieral. At the day and place affignedforthe appearance of the Oppo- fcrstheVicar General fits, then the Proc¬ tor for the faid Dean and Chapter, exhi¬ bits the Royal aflent ani the Commiffion of the Archbiffiop; which read and accept¬ ed by the Vicar-General, 'he Proftor ex¬ hibits the Proxy from the Dean and Chap¬ ter , and then ptefentsthe EleftedBiffiop, Par, 2, of Cnglanb^ and returns the Citation , and Jcfires the Oppofers to be publickly calledthree tijnes, which being done, accordingly,, he accij- feth their contumacy,and for penahy there¬ of, defires that thebufine^s may proceed, which the Vicar General in a Schedule by him read and (uWeribed doth order. Next the Proiftor giving afummary Petiti¬ on, wherein is deduced the whole Procefs of illection and Confent. defires a time to be afl'igned to prove it, which ihe Vi¬ car-General admits and decrees; After which the Proftor exhibits the Royal Af- fent, with the Elefted Bilhops Aflent, and the Certificate to the Arrhbifliop , and de¬ fires ata-iT) prefently tobeaflignedto hear final fentente, which the Vicar-General decrees. Then the Proftor defires that all Oppofers fiaould be again called , which being thrice publichly done , and none ap¬ pearing, noroppofing, they are pronoun¬ ced contumacious, and a Decree made to proceed to Sentence, by a Schedule read and fubferibed by the laid Vicar-General. Then the Eleft perfon takes the Oath of Supremacy, Simony, and Canonical Obe¬ dience. Nextthe Judge of the Arches reads a4id fubferibes the Sentence , after which ufu- ally there is an entertainment made for the Officers and others there prefent, which being once doneatthe Sign of the Nags Head in Cbeipftdc near the- {"aid Bow church 5 ■ gave occafion to oiir ad yerfaries of the Roinifh Church, to alfirm that Fa¬ ble 24 CDepieCent^tate ble; that there our firft Bifiiops after the Reformation were conlecrated. WhenaBifhopisElefted, aedthe Elefti. on confirmed , he may give Inftitution, and do his ordinary J urisdiftion, and may fit in Parliament as a Lord thereof accor¬ ding to Sir Ed. Co\e 4. Irfiitut p. 47. Aftw the Confirmation , then according to the Kings Mandate is the folemn Con¬ fect ation of the Elefted Bilhop, which is done by the Archbilhop with the afliftance of two other Bilhops in manner follow¬ ing. Upon fome Sunday or Holy-day after Morning Service, the Archbifliop begin- neth the Communion Service , after a cer¬ tain Prayer appointed for this occafion, one of the Bilhops there prefent readeth theEpiftle j I Tim. 3. another readeth the Go[pe\,^ohn 21. then after the Nicene Creed and fome Sermon, the Elefled Bi- -Ihop veiled with his Rochet or Linnen Gar¬ ment , is by two Bilhops prefented to the Archbilhop, or fome other Silhop commif- fioned'by him , fitting in his Chair, who demands the Kings Mandate for the Con- fecration, and caufes it to be read; then theEleft Bilhop takes the Oath of Supre¬ macy and of Canonical Obedience to the Archbilhop; and after divers prayers and feveral Interrogatories put to the Bi¬ lhop, and his Anfwers, the reft of the Epifcopal Habit is put upon him, and af¬ ter more prayers theEleft Bilhop kneeleth down , and the Archbilhop and Bilhops there Par. a; of €ngtaniJ. there prefent lay their hands on his head , and by a certain pious grave form of words, thw confecrate him. Afterward the Arch¬ bimop doth deliver to the Biihop Eleft a Bible with an other fet form of words, and fo all proceed to the Communion Ser¬ vice } and having received the Sacrament, and the Bleffing , they retire from Church to.dinner , which is at the charge ot the Bifhop Eleft, and is ufually very fplendid and magnificent, the gveateft of the Nobi¬ lity, Clergy, Judges, Privy-Counfellors, &c. honouring it with their prefence, the expences hereof with Fees of ConfecratioB commonly amounting to Six or Seven hundred pounds. This form and manner of confecrating Bifhops is accordingly to therulelaiddown in the Fourth Council of C^trtlhigc , about the year 470, generally received in all the Provinces of the Weftern Church. Note that by our Order ot Confecra- ting Bifhops, it is evident that Bifliops arc lookt upon as a diftinft Order of them- felves, and not only as a different de¬ gree from the reft of the Presbyters, as lome would have it. Next goes forth a Mandate from the Archbifliop to the Archdeacon of his Pro¬ vince , to inftal the Bifhop Eleftcd , con¬ firmed and confecrated. Thenthefaid.Bilhop is introduced into the Kings prefence , to do his Homage for his Temporalties or Barony , by kneeling down and putting his hands between the C hands 6z t\)t p^efcnt ©fate hands of the King fitting in a Chair of State 5 and by taking of a fokmn Oath to be true and faithful to His Maj.efty , and that he holds his Temporalties of him, Laftlyjthe new Biftiop compounds for the firft Fruits of his Bifiiopri ck that is,agrees for his firft years profits to be paid to the King, within two years or more if the King pleafe. The Tranflation of a Bifliop from one Bifitoprickto another differs onely in this, from the manner of making a Bimop, that | thereisno Confic aticn. | The Tranflation of a Bifhop to be Arch- | biiliop differs only in the Conimiflloii which is direfted by His Majcfly to four or more Bjfliops ro confirm him. Note that the difference between an Archbilhop and 2 Billiop j is that the Archbiihop with other' Billiopsdoth confecrate a Bifhop, as a Bi¬ fhop with other Priefts doth ordain a Priefi; The Archbifhop vifitsthe whole Province, the Bifliop only his Diocefs; The Arch- bifliop can convocare a Provincial Synod , i the Bifliop only a Diocefan Synod ; The 1 ; Archbiihop is Ordinary to; and hath Ca- !j nonical Authority over all the Bifhops ef | his Province 5 as the Bifliop hath over all | the Priefts of his Diocefs. I Several Bifliopsof having Dio- | cefes of a large extent, it was provided by I Stat. z 6 Henry S, that they fliould have J a power to nominate fonie to the King to’l be with his approbation Suffragan or Sub- | fidiary Bifhops, whereof fee more in the fil'd I 'par. 2. ofCnglanti* 17; firft Partof t\ie P re font Sme of England. Of thefe there are none at prefent in the Church of England, but the next to the Bifliops are now the Deans of Cathedral Churches. Antiently Bifliops did not ordinarily J)eM tranfaft riiatters of moment fine confilio Chapter. Prcsbyterorum principalium , who were then czWtii Senitores Ecclefia , andCol- iegues of the Bifliops j reprefented in fome fort by our Cathedrals, whereof the Dean and fome of the Prebends are upon the Bi¬ fliops iummons to afliflihim in Ordinati¬ ons , in Deprivations ab Officio Benefi- cio, in condemnation of obftinate Here- ticks, in the greater Excommunications, and in fuch like weighty affairs of the Church. Upon the Kings Writ o( Congd d’Ejlire (as before mentioned^ the De.tn and Prebendaries are to eleft the Biihop of that Dioceis. Cathedral and Colle¬ giate Churches are as it were Seminaries or Seed-plots, whereout from time to time may be chofen fit perfons to govern the Church , for having left the Country, and living here in a Society together, they learn experience , they read men , they by little and little put off the familiarity of the inferiour Countrey Clergy,and thereby render themfelves the more fit to be fee over them in Government. The Dean and Prebendaries, during their required refi- dence in their Cathedral or Collegiate Churches are to keep Hofpitallity , upon all Feftivals to read Divinity in their turns, •C .2. which -Which is now tUKiied to Sermons, or fet ^fpeeches in the Pulpit; at due time to ad- -initlifttr the Lords Supper j to frequent the ■Publick Divine Service, to inftruft the .Country Clergy, and diredt them'howand ■what to preach , whereby they may beft profit their Auditors: In a word , as they excel others indignity, and are therefore -iHIed Prelats, fo by their more eminent -piety and charity, they are to be exam¬ ples and paterns to the inferiour Clergy. In every Cathedral or Bilhops See there is a Dean and divers Prebendaries or Ca¬ nons , whole number is uncertain. Deans of theold Foundations, founded before the fuppreffion of Monafteris, are brought to their Dignities much like Bi- fhops, the King firft fending forth his Con¬ ge d' eflire to the Chapter , they elefting, and the King granting his Royal aflent j the Bifhop confirms fim , and gives his ■ 'Mandateto inflall him. Deans of the new Foundations ( upon ’ fuppreflion of Abbyos or Prinries tranf- .formed by Henry 8 ,in to Dean and Chapter) are by a fliortcr courfe inftalled by virtue of the Kings Letters Patents,without either •Elcftionor Confirmation, j Among the Canons or Prebendaries in ‘ the old Foundations, feme are Cunonui ' aBu , having Prebendm fedile in Choro jus fuffragti in Cnpitulo ; others stseCn- vonici in herbis ( as they are called) having right to the next Prebend that /hall become void and having already a Stall in th? par, 2 df^nglanli* Quire, but no Vote in thC' Chspterr A Prebend is properly the portionwhich every Prebendary of a Cathedral or CoU Icgiate Church receiveth in the right of his pUce for his maintenance quufi pirs vel portio prebendd. Next inthe Government of the Engiidr Church may be reckoned Archdeacons y whereof there are 6 oin all ErtgUnd j Their Office is to vifit two years in three , and to enquire of Reparations and Moveables'- belongiKgto ChLirches, to reform abulcs in Ecckfiaftical nutters , and to bring the more weighty affairs before the B ffiop of theDiocefsjand therefore he is called Alter Epifeopi Oculiis^ihe other being the Dean, - as is mentioned in the firft part of the Pre~ fent Sme) Moreover the Office of an Archdeacon is upon the Bilhops Mandate to induct Clerks into their Benefices, and thereby to give them poffeflion of all the Profits belogingthereto. Many Archdeacons have by Preferipti-- dn, their Courts ahd Officials as Bilhops* have, whereof more hereafter. After Archdeacons are the Arebipresby- teri or Rural Deans 5 fo called perhaps at firft for his overlight of fome Ten Parilh- Priefts; their Office is now upon orders to convocate the Clergy, to lignifie to them fometimes by Letters the Bilhops pleafurc, and to give induftion for the Archdeacon living afar off. Next are to be confidered 'the Ptiefts of every particular Parilh, who are common- 3-0 Cfjep^efmt ^tate ]y called the Reftors, unlefs the predial Tythes are impropriated , and then they are flilcd Vicars , qtafi vice fungentes Reef arm. Their Office is to take care of all their Parifhioners Souls, and like good Shepherds, to handle every particular Sheep apart; to Catechife the ignorant, reduce the ftraying, confirm the wavering, convince the obftinare, reprehend the wick¬ ed , confute Schilraaticks, reconcile diffe¬ rences amongfl Neighbours, to exercife the power of binding and looling of fouls as occafion fhall cfFer, to read duly Di¬ vine Service, to Adminifter the holy Sa¬ craments, to vifit the Sick , to Marry, to Bury, to render publick thanks after Child- bearing , to keep a Regifter of all Marria¬ ges j Chriftnings and Burials that ffiall happen within the Parilh, to read the Di- vine Sermons or Homilies appointed by Authority (and if the Biffiop think fit) to read or fpeak by heart their own concep¬ tions in the Pulpit. Laftly Deacons, whofe Office is totake careof the Poor , Baptife , Read in the Church , affift the Prieft at the Lords Sup¬ per by giving the Cup only. After this brief account of Ecclcfiafti- calpcrfons, fomewhat may here not un¬ fitly be added touching thofe perfons who though not in holy Orders, yet have a peculiar Relation to the Church , and are qu.tft [emi Ecclefnj'tici, ns firft Pairons of Churches, who by firit building of Church¬ es, or firll endowing them with Lands,have obtained Par. 2. of CnglantJ* p obtained for them and their Heirs a right of Advowfon or Patronage, whofe ofiice and duty is to prcfentafit Clnk (whmthe Church is void) to the Bifhop to be by him Canonically inilitiited , and to prntcdl the faid Church asfaras hecan from all wrong, and in cafe his Clerk prove unlit for tire place, to give notice thereof to the Bi,- fliop. Next arc the Occcnomi vd EciffiA G’i-ir.iiini, the Church warden'^ , whofe Office is to fee that the Church be in good, repair, fitly adorned , and nothing want¬ ing for Divine Service , Sacrament, and Sermons; that the Church yard be fuifi- ciently mounded or inclofed, that there be an exaft Terrier of the Glebe Lands, and if any thing belonging to the Church be de¬ tained , to fue for the fame; to obferve that all Pariiboners come duly to Divine Service, to require the penalty for abfence, to enquire after, to admonilh and to pre- fenttothe Biflrop fcandalous livers, to coi¬ led the Charity of the Pariiboners for poor Strangers, to declare and to execute the orders of the Biffrop , to (ee that none pre- fume to vent his own conceptions in the Piilpit, unlefs he hath a fpecial licence fo to do. The Churchwardens are elcftcd every Eaffer Week , ufuallyby the Parfon and Pariiboners if they lb agree; if not, then one by theParfon , and the other by the Parilliioncrs. There ate alfo in greater Parifltes joyned svith the Church-wardens Tsfles Sjnodxla, C. 4 anci- ^Jepaercnt^tate anciently called Synods-men , now cor^^ ruptly called Sides-men , who are to affift the Church-wardens, in enquiries into the Jives of inordinate livers, and in prefenting men at Vifftations, Laftly the Sacriftan , corruptly the Sex- ron or Clark, who is ordinarily to be cho- I'enby the Parfon only: he ought to be twenty years old or above , of good life , that can read, write, and ling; his office is toferve at Church the Prieft and Church'- wardens. In the Church of there are, as in the antlent primitive times, three Or¬ ders, Biffiops jPriefts,and Deacons. None may’ be admitted Deacon before the age of zi years, unlefs he hath a Difpenfation to be admitted younger: None may be made a Priefttill he be completely 24 years old . None may be admitted Bifliop till full 30years old. The Ordination of Prieftsand Deacons is four times the year, upon four feveral Sandayes in the Fmber or Failing Weeks, that To all the Nation may at once in their joynt Prayers to God recommend them that arc to receive Ordinationjwhlch is performed by a Biffiop, in a lolemn grave devout manner thus for Deacons, After Morning Prayer therejs a Sermon,de¬ claring the Duty and Office of Deacons and Prieru.5 then they being decently Ha¬ bited , areprefented to the Biffiop by the Archdeacon or his Deputy, whom the Bi¬ ffiop askes if he hath made due inquiry Par. 2. of€nglanl>* of them , and then askes the people if they know any notable impediment or crimein any one of'them' j after follow certain godly Prayers 5 then a Collect, Epiftle and Gof- pel: but before the Gofpel the Oath of Su¬ premacy is adminiftred to every one of them, and the Bilhop putteth divers god¬ ly qtieflions to them , which being anfwe- red they all kneel, and he laying his hands upon them feverally doth ordain them Dea¬ cons; then delivers to every i-ne of them the New Teftament, and gives them au¬ thority to read the fame in the Church; then one of them appointed by the Bifhbp ' reads the Gofpel, and then all with the Biihop proceed'to the Communion , and To are difmifled with the Bleffing pronounced ■ by the Bilhop. The Ordination of PricAs is partly in the fame manner, only the f piffle and Gof- pel are different; and after the cju'.Aions and aitfwers made', the Billiop puts up a ' particular prayer for them, and that ended, hcdcfircs the Congregation to reco-mvend themto God fecrctly in their prayers for ' doing of which there isa competent time of generalfilencc, then follows Vent Cre¬ ator Spirhus in Meter tobe fung , then af¬ ter another prayer , they ali lincelirig , the Bifliop, with the Priefts prefent, lavethhis ' hands upon thchead of every one feverally, • and gites them Ordination in a grave At' form of words, d.fterent both from that cT Biihops and that of Deacons, the i'eft at in the ordaining of Deaeons , 34 tWep^eCent^tate of the Ecclejiajijcal GovermMn. i- terhury direfts his Letters to -the Bifliop of London, as his Dean Provincial, firil ci¬ ting himfelf peremptorily , and then wil¬ ling him to cite in like manner all the Bi- lhop.s. Deans, Archdeacons, Cathedral and Collegiate Churches,and all the Cler¬ gy of his Province to that place 5 and at the day prefixt in the Writ j but direfteth withal that one Proftor fent for each Ca¬ thedral and Collegiate Churche , and two for the body of the inferiour Clergy of each Di.occfs may fufficc. The Bilhop of London accordingly directs, his letters; to par. 2; cfi^Engtantj.’ the Bifliops of every Diocefs of the Pro- vince^ citing them in like manner to Ap¬ pear , and. to admonifti the- Deans and Archdeacons to appear perfonally , and the Cathedrals 5 Collegiate Churches and • inferiour Clergy of the Diocefs, to fend their Proffers to the place ; and at the day appointed; alfo tocertifie to the Arch- bifhop the names of-all fo fummoned by them. The place where the Convocation of Clergy in the Province of Cunterbtiry hath iifuali'/ been held , was St; Psnh' Church ■ in Lon.lon -.h-ii of later titnes at St. Pe¬ rm in P/cjhmnjlcr in the Chappelof Hen-. >7 the Seventh, where there is (as inP.irli- ament) a Higher and a Lower Houfe , or a Hoiife of Lords Spiritual, and a Ho'.ife of Commons Spit itual. The Higher Houfe of Convocation in the Province of C’.tntcriary cenfids of ii- Bifliops, whereof the Archbiiliop is Pre- fid'ent, fltniug in a Chair at the upper cu .I of a great Table, and the Bilhops on each fide of the fame Table all in their Scarlet - Robes. The Lower HoPfe con fills of all the- Deans, Archdeaconsjone Proflor for every Ch.tpter, and two Proffors for ad the Cler¬ gy of each Diocefs, in all i6'^ perfons, vi\. 21 Deans, 14 Prebendaries, Archdeacons, and.44 .Cicihs.teprefeiuing ■ the Diocefan Clergy. The firft day both houfes being afTemMed- ' the Higher chooleth a Biflwpfor their Pro- iacutcr.v SP- Cpe p^tfcnt ^tatr and the Lower being require d by the High'e Houfe to choofe them a Prolocutor,or Spea- kerjwhich done they prefent him to the Up¬ per Houfe by two of their Members, whereof one makes a Speech in Latin;and then the E- left perfon makes another Speech in Latin. Laftly,the Archbiihop anlwersin Latin,and in the name of al] the Lords approves of the perfon. Both ILoufcs debate and -tranfaft .only fuch matters as His MajePy by Conimilfion - exprefly allow’eth. In the Upper Houle things are ftrft pro- pofed , and then communicated to the Lower Houfe. The Major vote in each Houfe pre- vaileSi Out of Parliament time they ufually aSemble every- day about Nine of the clock,. and firft the Junior Bilhop fayes prayers in Latin, beginning With the Le- rany,and then for the King,ci?’c. Andin the lower Houfe the Prolocutor fays prayers. In Convocation are debated only matters concerning Religion and the Church , and fometimeof giving Hh Majefty affiftance in Money; for as the Laity cannot be tax¬ ed without their own conlent, fignified by their Reprefentative in Parliament, fo the Clergy cannotbe taxed without their con- fent, lignilied by their Reprefentative in Gonrocation. The Clergy in Convocation might an- liently without asking the Royal Afietit, andnow may with the Royal AlTentmake ' ^ Ca^- Par. 2. ofCnglaniJ^ 3^ Canons touching matters of Religion, to bind not only themfelves, but all the Lai¬ ty with-out confent- or ratification of the Lords and Commons in Parliament. Till the late Rebellion the Parliament' did not at all meddle in the making Ca¬ nons, or in matters DoftrinaH or in Tranf- lation of Scriptures, only by thdr civil' Sanftions ( when they were thereto requi¬ red)* did confirm the Refults and Con- fultations of the Clergy, that fo the peo¬ ple might be the more eafily induced to o- bcy the Ordinances of their-Spiritual Go¬ vernors. The Clergy of En^lind had antiently their Reprefentatives in the Lower Houfe of Parliament, as appears by that antient Record fo highly prized by the late Lord Cok^ i and as the Upper Houfe had and Hill hath Lords Spiritual as well as Tem¬ poral j fo in the Lower Houfe there were always Commons Spiritual as well as Temporal •,, for that Record faith exprefly , that the Commons in Parli¬ ament confift of three degrees or kinds; Firft, ex Procuutoribns Cleri-, Second¬ ly, e;c Militihm- Comititiium-, Third¬ ly, ex Burgcnfibws: and the words'of the Writ dircfted now to the Procuutorcs' Cleri , feem to give them the very fame right to fit in that Houfe, as the words of the Writ to the Knights, Citizens aud Biir- , gefles do give to them. All the Members of both Houfes of Con- yocatjqn have the fame priviledges fttr • them* • themfelves'and menial Servants, as tlie Members of Parliament have, and that by Statute. The Atchbifliop of Terli at the fame time holds at Torli a Convocation of all his Province in like manner, and by con- /lantcorrefpondehcedoth debate and con¬ clude of the fame matters as are debated and concluded by the Provincial Synod of Cinterbury. Now for the Executive power in Church matters throughout the Kingdom Eng¬ land, there have been provided diversex- cel lent Courts, whereof the higheft for cri¬ minal Caufes was the High Ccmmifllon Court, for the ju'ifd iff ion whereof it was enafted pirno Eli\ihethx , that Her Ma- jefly and Succefl'crs fhould have power by Letters Patents under the Great Seal, to nominate Comnaifficners to cxercife ju- I'ifdiftion throughout the whole Realiiij to viiit, reform, and coiTeft all-Errors, Herefies , Schifms, Abufes, and Delin¬ quencies, that may by any Ecclejiaftical . power be ccrrcftcd or'reformcd. This Court confilfed of the higheff per-' Tons of in the Church and State, and was the principal Bulwark and Pre- fervativeof the Church of Enpdnd againft thepraftices and alTaults of all her Adver- faries, whether Romanift,Puritan, or Athc- ifl:, yet for fome pretended abufes, the nfe - thereof was taken away in the late feditious Jong Parliament; whereupon followed a deluge of Errors in Religion, Apoflacy, Atheifao Par. 2; of€nglanD* Atheifnl, Blafphemy, Sacri’eJge, Inceft , Adultery} impiom Libels. Schifms, Con- vcnticlesj , all v/hich fo overwhelmed the manners of Englilh men, and. occali- oned at, length fo mapy profeft Atheifls, that until the re eftablimment of this or the like Court, there cannot a Reformation be reafonably hoped for. For civil affairs that concern the Church, the higheft Court is the Court of Dele¬ gates for the, jurifdiftion whereof it was provided H. 8. that it lhall be lawful for any fubjeft of EngUnd, in cafe of de- feft of julliceinthe Courts of the Arch- billiop of C.interbury, to appeal to the Kings Majeftyinhis Court of Cbuncergi and that upon fuch appeal, a Commilfion under the .Great Seal ftiall be direfted to certain perfons particularly defgned for that bufi- nefs ; fo that from the higheft Court of the ArchbiiLop of Canterbury, there lies an Appeal to this Court of Delegates, and be¬ yond this to none other. Next to the Court of Delegates are the Courts of the Archbilhop of Cinterbnry , where any Eccleliaftical Sutes between any perfons may ( waving all inferior Courts) be decided; amongft them the higheft Court is the Court of Arches, fo called from the Arched Church and Tower of S, Mirier in Cheipftde, London, where this Court is wont to be held, the Judge whereof is cal¬ led Dean of the Atches, having Jurifdifti- 0-9 over a Deanery, confiding of i j Parifiies - within London,, exempt from the jurifdifti- €:(){! p^efmt&tate oTiof theBiftlopofHitheraredi- T?ftedall Appeals in Ecclefiaftical matters within the Province of Cuntcrbury. To this Court belongs divers Advocates, all Doftors of the Civil Law, two Regiftcrsj and ten Proftors: the Dean at prefent is Doftor Sweau In the next place the Archbilbop of Canterbury hath his Court of Audience kept within the Archbifhops Palace, and medleth not with any diflference between parties, but concerning Eleftions and con- fecration of Biihops, Admiffion andlnffi- tution to Benefices, dipenfing with Banes of Matrimony, The next Court is called the Preroga¬ tive Court, which judgeth of Eftates fal¬ len by Will, or by Inteftates, fo called, be- caiife the Archbibiops jitre Traerogativix [ux hath this power throughout his tvbole Pro¬ vince where the party at the time of death had 5/. or above in feveval Diocefc's •, and thefetwo Courts hathalfo the Arebbiihop of Jorli. Laftly, the Court of Peculiars, which dealeth in ccrtriin Parifbes, lying in ^everal Diocefes, which Pariflies arc exempt from the jBiifdiftion of the Bi/hops of thofe Dio- cefes, and are peculiarly belonging to the Archbifhopof Canterbury-, in whole Pro¬ vince there are 57 fuch Peculiars, Befides thefe Courts ferving for the whole Province, every Billtop hath his Coart held in rhe Cathedral of his Diocefs, over which be hatha Chancellor, tearhied anti- Par. 2 . of^5nglartl3» ently Ecclefiecdicus Epifcopi Ecdicui-^ the Church lawyer or the Bifhops Lawyer, who being skill’d in the Civil and Canon Law, fits there as Judge; and if his Dio- cefsbe large, he hath in fome more remote place a Commiirary,v»hofe authority is on¬ ly in fome certain place of the Diocefs,and fome certain Caufes limited to him by the BiiTiop in his Commillion; and thefe are called Confiftory Courts. Moreover, every Archdeacon hath his Court and Jurifdiftion, where fmaller differences arifing within his limits are pleaded. Alfo the Dean and Chapter hath a Court, and take cognizance of Caufes happening in places belonging to the Ca¬ thedral. Lafily, there are certain peculiar Jurif- diftions belonging to fome certain Parilh- es, the Inhabitants whereof are exempt fometirnesfrom the Archdeacons Jurifdifti- en, and fometimes from the Bilhops Juril- didion. Caufes belonging to Ecclefiaftical Courts, are Blafphemy , Apoftafie from Chrifiianity, Hevefies, Schifms, Ordinati¬ ons, Inftitutions of Clerks to Benefices, Celebration of Divine Service, Rights of Matrimony , Divorces, general Baftardy, Tythes, Oblations, Gbventions, Mortu¬ aries , Dilapidations, Reparation of Churches, Probate of Wills, Adminiftra- tions,Simony, Incefts, Fornications, Adul¬ teries, Solicitations of Chaftity, Penfions, Procurations, Commutation of Pennance,. 4^ p^efent State (Sr’c. thecognizance whereof belong? not to the Common Law of En^Un.i. The Laws and Conftitutions whereby the Fcclefiaftical.Government doth Hand, and the Church of Engknd is governed, arehrft general Canons made by general Gouncels ■, alfothe Arbitrix fxncforum Pa- trum, the opinion of Fathers, the grave Decrees of feveral HoIyBifliops of Rowe, which the Kings of from time to time have admitted. Next our own Conftitutions made antl- cntlyiii feveral Provincial Synods, either fcytheLegafs Otho aniOthobon, fentfrom Home; or by feveral Archbilhops of Cxn- ierbury all which are by 25 H. 8. of force in England, To far as they are not repug¬ nant to theLaws and Cuftoms of England, or the Kings Prerogative, Then the Ca¬ nons made in Convocations of later times, as primo Jacobi, and confirmed by his Pv.oy- al Authority. Alfo fome Statutes enafted by Parliament touching Fcclefiaflical af¬ fairs : And laftly, divers Cuftoms not wit- t ten, but yet in ufe beyond the memory of man : and where thefe fail, the Civil Law talres place. The manner of Tryals by thefe Law? and Cuftoms are different from the Tryals at Common Law, and are briefly th.iis. Firft goes forth a Citation, then Eil! and An- Lver, then by Proofs, Wirnefl'es, and Pre- fumptions the matter is argued pro and con, and the Canon and Civil Laws quo¬ ted, then without any Jury, the definitive Par. 2. Of($ilg!antf fentence of .the Judge paffeth, and upon that Execution. And this is the manner of try¬ ing Ecclefiaftical Civil Caufes; but Eccle- ffallidal criminal Caufes are tiyed by way of Accufation, Denunciation, or Inquifl- tion. The Srfl, whenfome one takes upon him to prove the crime; the fecond,when the Churchwardens prefent and are nor bound to prove, becaufe it is prefumed they do it without any malice, and that the crime is notorious. Laftly, by Inquifition, when by reafon of common fame, inquiry is made by the Bilhop, ex officio ftio, by calling fome of the neighborhood to their Oaths, or the party accufed to his Oath ex officio, fo called, becaufe the Ecclefi- aftical Judge doth it ex flfjiffzo fuo, which is very antient, and was ufual among the Jews •, fo ^ofimA to Jcxn, Fili mi trihue glorixm, (s'c. So God himfelf to Adm up¬ on his firft tranfgreflion ; and likewife after¬ ward to Sodom-, but by the prevailing faftion in the long Parliament, this pfower was extorted from, the Church, the want whereof is one main caufe^of the great libertinifme and debauchery of the Na¬ tion. Now the punirtiraents inflifted bythefe Spiritual or Ecclefiaftical Courts, accord¬ ing to thefe Spiritual or EcclefiafticalLaws, proceed in this manner. Eirfi the party delinquent is admonilh’d j next goes forth minor Excommuniatio, whereby he is- excommunicated or excluded from the Church 5 or if not from the Chu,rch, yet ffomthe Communion of the Lords Suppefj is difenabled to be Phintiffin a Law Sure, &c. And this commonly for ftubbornefs ihewed by not appearing in the Ecclefiafti- cal Court uponfummons, or not obeying the Orders ‘ of the Court \yhich though in fmalleft matters, yet may be a very great Clime j- for Res psieceptu quo f^cilior ejl ob- fcrvxtu eo prauptivioktio efl gravior cim ft nugh fpontxrretl,' as S. Jufin obferves of the firft fin of A dm. Any command by how much the eafierit may be obferved, by fo much the more grievous is the breach thereof, becaufe it is the more voluntary ; befidesin conteinprs it is not fo much the violation of the Law as of the Authori¬ ty, which ought to berefented. And here¬ in the Church of Enghini proceedeth n'o otherwife than the State oiEngUnd ; for fo odious in the eye of the common Law of EnUndyis the contempt thereof,that not on¬ ly for Felonies, hut even in an Aftion of the cafe, in an Aflion of a ftnall Debt, Account or Detinue, if a man will not appearand fubmit himfelf to a Tryal atLaw, a Pro- cefs of Outlawry is grounded againft him, and he being once Outlawed, he is out of the proteftion of the Law. Cxput gerit Ittpinum, faith BtaUon , an Outlaw a was antiently lookt upon as a Wolf, lawfully to be killed by any man that ihould meet him, asmoft {uft, that he who contemned the taw, and therein the King, iTiould not have benefit by the Law, nor protedi- onifrom the King, ahdatthis day he is to loofe Par.'2." Of €nslattU4 loofe all his 'Goods and Chattels. The Reader will eafily pardon this digreflion when he confiders the general cryagainft Excommunications at this day. This power of lefl'er Excommunication the Bilhop may delegate to any grave ■Prieft with the Chancellour. Excommunicutio major is not only an exclufion from the company of Chriftians in Spiritual Dutie.s butalfo in Temporal affairs, and »his commonly for Herelie, Schifm, Perjury, Inceft, and fuch grievous crimes; and that it may be done with-the more folemnity and terror, it is to be pro¬ nounced by the Bifliop himfelf in his proper pciTon; and being fo Excommunicated, a man cannot in any Civil or Ecckfiaflical Court, be Plaintiff or Witnefs. And in cafe any manbefo ilubboin as to cotvtinue 40 days excommunicated, the Kings Writ dc excommunicato capiendo is granted forth of the Chancery againfihim ; where¬ upon he is caft into pi ifon without Bail, there to lie till he hath fatisfied for his of¬ fence. Next there is Anathcmati^mm tobeinflift- ed only upon an obftin.ate Heretick, where.- by he is declared a ppblick Enemy of God, andrejefted, andcurfed, and delivered o- ver to eternal damnation : and this to be done Wthe Bifhop, alfo in his own per- ^fon, affifted by the Dean and Chapter, or twelve other grave Priefts. Laftly, there is InterdiBum, whereby is prohibited ail Divine Offices, as Chrifti- CtJep?eCent state Burial, Adminiftration of Sacraments, (fc. infuchaPlace, or to fuch a People, and if this be againft a People j it follows themwherefoever theygoj but if againfta Place only, then the People of that Place may go to Divine Offices elfewhere. Befides thefe general cenfures of the Church, which reipeft Church Communi¬ on, there is another which toucheth the body of the Delinquent, called Publick Penance, when any one is compelled to confefs inpublickhis fault, and to bewail it before the whole Congregation in the Church which is done in this manner: the Delinquent is to ftand in the Church Porch upon fome Sunday bare, head and feet, in a white Sheet, and a white Rod in his Hand, there bewailing himfelf, and beg- ing every one that palTes by to pray for him j then to enter the Church, falling down and kiffing the ground ^ then in the middle of the Church, placed in a higher place in the fight of all-the People, and over againft the Minifter, who declares the foulnefs of his crime odious to God, and fcandalous to the Congregation, that God can no way be fatisfied but by applying Chiifts fufferings, nor the Congregation, butby an humble acknowledging of his fin, and teilifying his fincere repentance and forrow, not in words only, but with tears, and promifing there in the fight of God and his Holy Angels, that by Gods affift- ance, and by Prayer, Meditation, and dai¬ ly works of Piety, he will endeavor hereaf- 47 Par. 2 . of ter more carefully to watch againft the temptations of the world, the allurements of the flefli, and the fnares of the Devil : which being done, and the Priell in Chrills name pronouncing the remiflioii of fins, the penitent humbly befeeches the Congre¬ gation to pardon him that great fcandal agaiiiftthem, and receive him into their holyCommunion.and to account him again a M mber of their Church,and in teftimony hereof, out of their Chriftian Charity, to vouchsafe to fay with him aloud, the Lords Prayer. And this way of the Church of EngUnd, appears by divers Writers, to be the antient way ufed by the Primitive Churches; Note that it is ordained by the Canons of the Church of that in cafe the crime be not notorious and publick, the forenamed penance may at the parties re- quefl; be commuted into a pecuniary Mulft for the poor of the Pariih, or lojne Pious ufes, provided that for the Reformation of the Delinquent that way appear to be the more probable way j for fome men will be thereby reclaimed, who by publication of their offence would become more impudent, and hardned - when they perceive their re¬ putation to be loft. There remains one more puniftiment or Ecclefiaftical cenfure which toucheth the body, and that is denyal of Chriftian bu¬ rial, which isinflifted not in p(snammor~ tiiorum, but in terrorem viventium, who naturally defire that after their death their - bodies 4t Cijep^eCent State bodies mayte decently interred. And Chri- ■fiian burial -is wont to be denyed by the Church of Englund, to perfons dying ex¬ communicate, to perjured perfons, to iuch as are hanged for Felony, or that wilfully kill themfeives, and to Apoftaies, Here- ticks, and Extortioners.- To thefe forenamed Cenfures and Pu- nifliments, both Laity and Clergy are fub- jeft; but befides thefe, there are punilh- ments whereunto the Clergy only arelya- ble , as firlt, Sufpenfio nb Officio-, when a Minifter for a time is declared unfit to ex¬ ecute the Office of a Minifter. Then Sufpenfio aBencficio, when a Mini- fter fora time isdeprived^ofthe profits of his Benefice j and thefe two Cenfures are wont to beforfnialler crimes. Thirdly, Dcpriv,itio it'Beneficio, when for a greater crime, a Minifter is wholly and for ever deprived of his Living, And fourthly, Peprivittio ab Officio, when a Minifter is wholly and for ever deprived of-his Orders, and this is called Pcpofitio, or Dcgriditio, and is common¬ ly for fome heynous crime, meriting death, and is performed by the Biftiop in a fo- lemn manner, pulling off from the Crimi¬ nal his Veftments, and other Enfignes of his Order ■, and this in the prefence of the Civil Magiftrate, to whom he is then de¬ livered to be puniihed as a Lay man for the like offence. And herein Bilhops are to take fpecial care to behave themfeives MOcT’ Kst'}:tKVfiitfoy7tC Tay K \Hpw;, jnot f-T . Par. if o! ^fnglanD. as lording over Gods Heritage i not a* abfolute Matters over Servants, to gain by their punittiments, but as Fathers over Children, for their amendment, and as be^ ing Minifters in Spiritual affairs, to ufc their power for the good of Chrifiians, and to conduel that power by moderation. of f^ejParlfmeat of Enghndf An A therein of the Perfon fummn- in£, the manner of the fummonsy the ferfons fummoned, their fri~ viledges 5 the place and manner tf Sittingy thepafing of Bills in either Hottfey the pafsing of ABsof Parliament,of /ldjourn’‘ tngi Proroguingj and Dilfolving of Parliaments, A Brief Account of the Ecclefiafticai Government having been given, next follows the Civil Government, towards which, the firft great wheel that moves, is the Parliament of Before the Conqueft the Great Council of the King, confifting only of the Great men of the Kingdom, was called i^Sagna- D tm 4 ^ Cl)e p^efent fetate tumConvenm,or t'lk'Trttlxionm Vrocc^ rumquc Concilium, and by the Saxons in their own Tongue, Micel Gemot, the Great AlVembly; after the Conqueft it-was called by the French word Parlckcntum, from Parlor, to talk together, ftillVonfifting on¬ ly of the Great men of the Nation, until the Rtign of H. 3. The Conimons alfo were called to fit in Parliament; for the firll Writs fent forth to fummon them, bears date 49. H- $. about 400 years ^None but the King hath authority to fummon a Parliament: In the Kings ab- | fence out of the Realm, the Cuftos Rcgni i in the Kings name doth fummon a Par¬ liament, and during the Kings minority within the Realm, the Protector Rcgni doth the fame. No Parliament can begin without the ■Kings Prefence ., either in Perfon, or by Reprefentation by Cotnmijfioners. When the King of England is with his Parliament in time of peace, he is then laid to be in the height of his Royal Dig¬ nity, as well as when he is at the head of his Armv in time of War. There is then icarceany thing that the 'King cannot do, his power cannot be confined for Caufes or Perfons within' any bounds. He can i with the concurrence of his Lords and I Commons, legitimate one that is born il-' legitimate, bafiardixe one that is born le¬ gitimate, that is to fay, one begotten in "Adultery, the Husband being then "within Par. 2 .' of€nglanD» thefour Seas. He can make an Infant of full age, make an Alien or Forreigner a,n Engliftman, can attaint a man of Treafoii when he is dead,when he is no more a man* &c. A Parliament is fummoned in manner following; About 40 days before the Par¬ liament doth affemble, the King iflues out his Writ cum Advifmento Concilii fiii,iad the Warrant is, per z/i/;/,';? Rcgcm (f Con^ cilium. The Kings Writ ( which is a ihort Letter or EpiiHe ) is direfted and fent to every particular perfon of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, commanding the Lords Spiritual in Fide (ir’ Vilcefione, and the Lords Temporal, per Fidem(s^ Allcgiin- tim,to appear ata certaintimeand place, to Treat and give their Advice in fomc cer¬ tain important affairs concerning the Church and State, Other Writs are fent to the High Sherif of each County, tofuramon the people to cleft two Knights for each County, two Citizens for each City, and one or two Burgefles f Koyal Robes (fometimes before His Plea- furcis to prorogue or diflblve them;) and being feated in His Chair of State, ^nd all the Lords in their Robes, the Clerk of the Crown reads the Title of each Bill, and as he reads, the Clerk of the Parliament, accord ing to his infiruftions from the King, who before hath maturely confidered each Bill, pronounceth the Royal Aflent. If it be a publick Bill, the Anl^wer is [Le Rojf leveut^ which gives Life and Birth to that Bill that was before but an Em- C&e p^efent ^tatc publickBill^fwhich the King likes not, then the Anfwer is [Be Roy s’ dvifcraj which is taken for anabfolute denyalin a more civil way, and that Bill wholly nulled. So that it is as true in England in feme fence , as in any Monarchy in the world 3 J^od Prin- cipiplicnit legifbahet vigotm, Not that whatever the King of England wills be¬ comes immediately a Law,but that nothing except what the King wills hath the force af a Law. Note that the King without his perfonal prelence, can by Commiflion granted to I'ome of bis; Nobles, give His Royal AlLnt to any Bill that requires haft. I£ it be a.B:ill. for Moneys given tp His Majefty, then the anfwer is. [Le Roy re^ wrek fes. ky^iix (u}ets,acc.epte kur Bene¬ volence , auSi le veutX which aatient Ceremony of thanking the Subjeft for pairing with their Money, feme think might better br fpared , becaufe it intimates a. diftinftintereft between the King and His Subjefts 3 which is not onely falte, but ve-, ry dangerous to be allowed o£ The King is Pater pAtrU , the Money given to him is for our ufe and benefit, if we are nig¬ gardly to him, we injure ourfelves, The Bill for the Kings general Pardon,ha^ but one reading in either Eoufe , for this veafon , becaufe they muft take it as the King will pleafe to give it, fo the Bill of Subfidies granted by the Clergy alTembled in Convocation for the fame reafon. When the Bill for the general Pardon is palled by Par. 2. Dfl 2 Etis!ant)f the King the Anfwer is thus (les Prelati Signeiirs (s' communes ence Parlment af. \enble\ au nem de tons vos autres [ujots-^ remercient tres humblemenr vofire Majefie tfprient Pieuvous donncr en [ante bonne vie is-' longue. All Aftsof Parliament before the Reign of Henry 7, were palled and enrolled in French, now in Eng// Moft of our antient Afts of Parliament run in this iHle 5 The King at the humble requeft of the Commons, with the aflent of the Prelates, Dukes, Earles and Ba¬ rons hath ordained or enafted. After it was thus, The King by the Advice and AlTent of the Lords Spiritual and Tempo¬ ral , and with the Aflent of the Commons doth cna'fl^: of later times it hath been thus. Be it enafted by the Kings moft excellent Majefty , by and with the advice and con- fent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and of the Commons .* although the words of the Writ for fummoning the Commons (which ought to be the main rule) is onely ad Confentiendum , and not ad Confilium impcndendum , as it is in the Writ to the Lords: and it is evident that the Com¬ mons in the late long Parliament made that an advantage for juftifying their ufur- pations againft the King inthatpoint j and foin another Parliament, the Commons endeavoured to maintain that the Concur¬ rence of the Lords was not always neceC- fary in an Aft of Parliament, becaufc, i Edward^, cap. 5, in pafling that Aft a- ^9 gainft tranfportation of Horfes, the Lords werecafually omitted, yet by the Regiiler of the lords Houfe, it appears that that Bill began firft in the Lords Houle, and there paffcd before the Commons took it in debate, and therefore the Kings Coun¬ cil at Law is very curious in wording rightly all Afts before they are brought to the King, and the Clerks of the Parliament as carefull in tranfcribing and regiftring them : However it is to be wilhed , that to prevent future mifchief to this Nation, Lome cJaufes in the late Aft of Oblivion and indemnity might be amended, or at leaft explained , and raoreefpecialW' about the beginning of that Aft, thefe words {Thut ill manner of Treafonty finee pnuzty i6}7. and before Jane i66o> by vertue of any Authority from His late Ma, iffty l^ing Charles, or. Hu Majeliy that rt Charles Trcv.inion,Efq; John Tanner Efq. Borough of Efllow. Henry Seymour, Elqi Sir Robert Atkins, Kt. of the Bath Borough of Pcnrjf], William PendarviSjEfq-, John Birch, Efq; Borough of Tregouj, Hugh Bofeawen, Elqj Thomas HerlejEfq^ Borough of Bojfinj, Robert Roberts, Efq; Richard Rous, Efq; Borough of St. Ives. James Praed,Efq; Edward Nofworthy, Efq; Borough of Fowej. Jonathan Rifhley, Efq; John RaRily, Gent. Borough of St. Gerr/irtins- John Elliot, Efq; Edward Elliot Efquire-, Borough of St. Michael. Matthew Wren, Efq; Francis Ld Hawley. fc 3 78 CfjcpaefentState Borough of NewporL JohnSpeccoc, Efq- NicoLis Morice. Borough of St, Mmes, Arthur Spry, Efq-, Sirjofeph fredinham. Borough of Kdllmonl Sir Cyril WychjKt. Sam. Roll, Efq; CtimijeilantJ* sir George Eletcher, Bar. Sir John Lowther, Bar, Citj of Curlik, Sir Philip Howard, Kt. Chriliophcr Mufgrave Efq; Borough of Cockermouth, Sir Wilfrid Lawfon, Kc. John Clark, Efq; ©erijp. William Lord Cavendifli. Sacheveril Efq; Town of Derbj. John Dalton, Efq Anchetel Grey, EAl; par.s; of^nglanDi 79 Dmn. Sir John Roli, Knight of the Bath. Sir Copplelfone Bamfield, Kr. City of Exeter. Sir Jtmes Smith, Kc. Robert Walker, Efq; Borough of Tet/tes. Sir Edward Seymour, Bar. Sir Thomas Clifford, Kt. Berongh of Pljm'. Hth. Sir William Moricc, Kc. Sir Gilbert Talbot Kt. To^tn and Borough of Okehmpon,' SirEdward Wife Knight of the BacR John Harris Efq^ Borough of Barnfahk. Sir John NorcotBar. Nicholas Dennis, Efq-, Borough of Fljmpton. Sir William '-croude, Et. Sir Nicholas Slrnning,Kt. and Bar. ' Borough of Eloniton, Sir Courtney Poole Bar. Peter Prideaux,Efq; Borough of Tavifioks Geortre Howard Efq; B 4 WiR So CtJ^p^efentS^tate WilikmRuffel, Efq; Borough of ^Jhhurton. SirGeo.Sonds, Kt.of the Bath, John Fowel, Efq-, Borough of Clifton Bartmuth, Hanlm. William Harbord Efq; William Gould Efq; Borough of BeoralfioH. Sir John Maynard, Kt. the Kings Serge¬ ant at Law. Jofeph Maynard, Efq; Borough of Tiverton, Thomas Carew Efq-, Henry Ford, Efq; Dotfct Giles Strangcways, Efq; 5ii John Strode, Kt. Town of Peck, Sir John Moreton, Bar. Thomas Trenchard, Efq; Borough of Borchejrer. James Gould, Efq- John Churchill, Efq^ Borough of Kings Lime'. Sir John Shaw, Kc. and Bar. Henry Par. 2. ofCnglanlJt 8 i Henry Heniy, Efq; Borough of Weymouth. Sir John Covenrry, Kc. of the Batli, Sir Winfton Churchill, Kc. Borough of Klngs-melkorrthe. BullenRey tries, Efq; Anthony Afliley Efq; Borough of BrUporu Humphrey Biftiop, Efq; John Strangewaife, Efq; Bor. of Shafiof)^ alias Shaflhury Henry W hi tea ere, Efq; John Bennet,Efq-, Borough of Wttreham- George Pit, Efq; Robert Culleford, Efq; Borough of Corfe SirRalf Banks, Kc. John Tregonwell, Efq-, ClTC.t.. Bane{lreWaynard,Erq; Sir John BramRone Knight of the E:ith'.'. Borough of Colchtfler; Sir Harbotcle GrimltoneBai'onet, Ma- fterof the Rolls. Sir John Shaw,Kr. E 5 Jo- 8i ®{)'ei)|fK(it®tate Borough of Maldsn^ Sir John Tirril, Kc. Sir Richard vvifeman,Kt'. Borough of Harmch, Thomas King, Efq; Sir Cape! Luckin. «®louceffci% John GrubhamHow, Efq; Sir Bainham T hroginorcon Kc„ City of Gioucefier. Sir Edward Maffy^Kr. Evan Seyes, Serjeant at Law. Borough of Ciremefier, Henry Fowle Efq- John George, Efq; Bjorough of Tetvksbury. J’ir Henry Cape!, Kt. of the Bath. ’ Richard Dowdfwel, Efq; rpei*efo?ti« John Kerle, Bar. Thomas Price, Efq; ^ City of Hereford. Roger Vaughan, Efq; ^Herbert Wedphaling Efq; Bc’ Par. 2.- of CnglanD; ^oroMgh of Leomfjler. Reynold Graham, Efq; Humphrey Cornwall, ef [• borough of Wcohly* John Barn by, Efq; J’ir Thomas Tompkins, Kt, jpcrtfoju.' 5ir Richard Franklyn,Knight and B..r- ronet. Will. Hale, Efq; 'borough of St. AlhAriS i’am. GrimRon- Efq. Thomas Arris, Doiior of Phyfck, borough of Hertford- .yir Edward Turner, Knight i’peaker, Thomas Lord Fanfliaw,, Knight of the Bach. l)unting^oit, Robert Vicounc Mandeville, Henry Williams, Efq^ l^orofighof thint-htgdon, yir John Cotton, Bar. Lyo.iel Walden, Efq'aire. •Hunt. $4 t:i?ep?erent^tate yir ThomasPcyton,Bar. 5ir JohnTuhotijKt. and Bar. City of Canterhurj. Thomas Hardrcs, ^er j. a: Law. J’ir Edward Matters, Kt. City of Rochefien .yir Francis Clerk, Kt. Richard Head, Efquire. of Maidfione. Thomas Herlackenden, Efquire., ^ir Robert Bar neham. Bar. Borough of ^conhfrough. James Herbert, Efquire. ^ir Edward Hales, Bar. lancaaer. 5ir Roger Bradfiiaw, Kr. 1 homas Pretton, Efquire. Borough of Lmcaflerl Richard Kirkby, Efquire. Richard Harrifon, Efquire. Borough or Tovpn of Prsfion m Amoundernefs. Edward Rigby Efquire. Joha |par. 4 ; dtffinslani). John Otway, Efquire. Borough of Newton. Richard Lord Gorges. Richard Leigh, Efq; Borough of Wtgon, Charles Earl of Ancram. SirJeofry.Shakerley,Kt. Borough of Clitheroe'. I Sir John Heath, Attorney of theDut’ chy. I AmbrofePudrey,Efqi ’ borough of Liverpoole.. I Sir William Bucknell, Kt. ; Sir Gilbert Ireland, Kt. I leicencr^ I John Lord Roos. I George Faunt, Efq; Town of Leieifier. Sir William Hartop,Kc. Sk JohnPrettyman,Kt.and Bar.’ lincolm George Vicount Caftleton. Sir Robert Car^ Kt, and Bare 26 " City of Lincoln. Sir Thomas Meres, Kc. Sir John Mounfon jun, Kt. of tlie Bath. ofEofion. Sir Anthony Irby Kc. Sir Philip Harcourt, Kt. Borough of GreatGrimsh. Jervas Holies Efq- Sir Frechcvile Holies, Kt. 7orcnof Stamford, Peregrin Bertiie, Efq: V ilham Montague, tfq- Bmsigh of Grmhm. Sir John Jvewton, Bar. Sir Wiilum Thorold, Kt.and Bar, sir Lancelot Lalie,lvr, Sir 1 homas Allen, Kt. City of JVeJiminflor^ Sir Philip arv'.uk, Kr. Sir Richard Everard, Kr, London, Sir John Frederick, Kr, ^ . Sir William rhomfon Kt* V/il!iam Love Efq,• ’ Par; 2; of iSf John Jones, Efq^ ^onmoutlj. Sir Trevor Wiiliams, Bar, Wi ll iTi Morgin^Efq- ^nrou^h of ^onmvutij. Jir George Probert,Kr. Thomas Lord Richardfon. 5’irR IphH re. Bar, CityofXorWich:'. ChriQopher J y, hfq; Francis Corey, Pfq To'^mof Lym Regis. Robert: VVrighc, Efq^ John Coke, Efq- Town of Great Yarmonth, 5ir William Coventry, Kt. Jir William Doyly, Kc and SaE ^oyough sf T hetford. Sir Allan \pfc!ey, Kt, j Jofeph Williamfon, Efquire, borough of Cafikrifingl Sir Robert Pafton, Kc, and Bar^ Robest i’ceward, Efquire. S3 ,Ctiep;eC(nt:S)tate ©ojtijamtom 5ir JiiftinianIfl]am,Bar. George Clark, Efquire. Citjicf Feterbormgh William Lord Fitzwilliams. .yir Vere Fane. Town of Ncrthamfton,' Lord O Bryon. Jir William Farmer. To'^mof BrackeleY^ Jir Thomas Crew, Kt Robert J’pencerEl^uire. . HighmFmm. Lewis Palmer, Bar. Henry Earl of Ogle. •yir William Fenwick, Bar. To-wn of Neyvcafleupon Tine. cTir Francis Anderfon, Kr. Jirjohn MarleyKt. ’ and Ban . _ borough of Morpeth ^ir George Downing Kc. Edward Lord Morpeth.’ Tm»- P3f.2. ofCnslitnD* Tom of BtrVtcknponTmde. Edward Gray Efquire, Daniel Collingwood Efquire. Anthony Eyre, Efquire. 5ir Francis Leeke, Knight and Bar. Tom of Nottingham Arthur j’tanhop, Efquire. Robert Pierpoint, Afquire. 'Borough of Eahretford, jir William Hickman, Bar. Sic EHward Deering, Kt. Sir Francis Wainman, Kr. Sir Anthony Cope, Knight and Bar. Vniverfttj of Oxon. Lawrence Hide, JEfquire. Sir Henage Finch, Kt. and Bar, His Majefties Atturney General. Citj of Oxon. Pvobert Croke, Efquire. Biome Whorwood, Efquire. Borough of Neix-Woodficcki Sir Thomas Spencer, Bar, _ S>s ®6ep|efei« state .yir William Fleetwood, Kt. Borough of Banbury. -5ir John Holeman, Kr. £dwardNoell,^fquire.' Phillip Sherrard, ffquire, J'ir Francis Lawley, Bar. Richard Newport, £fquire. Town of Salop. Robert Leighton, t iquire. Thomas Jones, J'crjeant at La w. Borough of Bruges, alias VyrUnnorth. J’lr William Wiiitmorc, Bar. ^ir T homas Whitmore, Knight of the Bath. Borough of Ludlow. Sir Toh Cha-Iecon, His Majefues J’er- jeanrat Law. 5omeiTec Fo .'., £rquire. Borough of Great fvenlock: oir ! horn- s Littleton Kr George V/eld, £fquire/. Par. 2; of^^ttglanD* Tom^f 'Qifiiops-Cafik. Edmond Waring, jjfqnire. William Oakeley,£fquire.^ ©ommetret, £dward Philips, Hquireii ^ir, Jo. j’ydenham,Bar. City of ^rijlol. J'irjohn Knighr, Kt. ,yir Humphrey Hook, Kt. City of Batk. .yir William Baflet, Kt 5ir Francis Popham, Kt. and Bar- City of Wells. Richard Lord Butler, £arl of Arraa .yir Maurice Berkley, Kt. and Bar. Lord Ficzharding. Bormgh of Tamton, 5ir William Porrman, Bar„ .yir William Wi: dham Kt. Borough of Bridgewater. £dmond Windham, L'fquire. Peregrine Palmer £fquire. Borough of Minehead. i'ir Jo. Malet, Kt. 5ir Hugh Windham, Kt. B<7=» 91 ®INp?efent@tate Bsrough of Ilcefier. Sit Edward Phillips jun. Kt. Henry Dunfter, Merchant. BoroH^h of Milborneprt, Francis Windham Efquire. Michael Mallet^ -Efquire. Charles Lord .yt. John. J’irjohn Norton, Bar. Citj of Winchefier. J'ir Rober Holmes, Kr. Lawrence Hide, Lfquire. Tow» of S oHthamptoH, .fir Richard Ford, Kt» Thomas Knowles, £fquire. Town of PertfmoHtk Richard Norton, jEfquire. ^ir George Carteret, Kt. and Bar. Borough of Yarmouth. Richard Lucy, £fquire. •Edward i’mich, Efquire. Borough of Peter fell ihomasNeal, Efquire. Arthur Bold, Efquire. Bfrough of Ne^^port,alias MIm. »of Cardigan^ Sir Charles Cotterel, Kt. Cacmartljein Sir Henry Vaughan, Kt. Town of Carmarthen. John Lord Vaughan, Knight of the 104 ®|)ep?efentS>tate CiUttatsott. Sir Richard Wynne, Bar. Town of Curysdrvon William Griffith, ifquire. John Wynne, ^fquire, To79n of Denbigh, John Salisbury, Bar. iHmt, -Mr Thomas Hanmer, Bar, Torsm of Flint, Roger Wbiccly, £fquire. SiriawardManfe!, Bar. Town of Cardijfe. Robert Thomas, RTquire. ^en0nnij. Henry Wynne, Rfquire. Pnn- Par, 2/ oftfnglanDf Arthur Owen, £fquire. Tom of Haverd(erd-W(fi, Sir Frederick Hyde, Kr. Tom of Pembroke, Rowland Laglierne, -Efquirc. Andrew Newport, £fquire. ToWft of Montgomery-. ■ Henry Herbert, £fquire. Sir Richard Lloyd, Kt. Tom of Radnor- Sir Edward Harley, Kt. of the Bath.' Note that fome Knights and Bur- gcfTes being lately deceafed, others are not yet ekfted in their Room» ®5ep^efentSltate of the Executive Tower in 'tenh A Brief account of the Legiflative power in Temporall affairs, having been given , next may be conficiered the Executive power in thofe affairs, and that is generally in the King , he is the Foun¬ tain of Juftice ; he is the Fountain of Ju- ftice; he is the Lord Chief Juftice of England ; and therefore as all the Laws of England are called the Kings Laws, b-caufe he is Caput, Pt'miphim, Finis P&rliancnti i by which thd Laws are made, and that nothing can haye the Force of a law, but what he wills fo all the Courts cf Judicature are called the Kings Courts, and all the Judges of thofe Courts are cal¬ led the Kings Judges. The higbeft Court of Judicature in E«g- land is the Houfe of Lords in Parliament; fo that the Parliament is not only Cottc/- lium, but Curh-, a Court of Judicature, conlifting as aforementioned , of all the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, as Judges; and theft affifted with the moft grave and eminent Lawyers of both in Com¬ mon and Civil Law. To the Judicature of this Supreme and snoft Honourable Court, all other Courts and Perfons that are Subjefts of England j are Sabjeft and accountable for all Crimes Par. 2. cf^nglan!). not properly tryahle, remediablej or pu- nifluble in other infcriour Courtsofjuf- tice; and to this Court all laft Appeals are to be made, and from whofe Sentence there lies no appeal, button fuccecding Parlia¬ ment ; and this fupreme Judicatory or Ju¬ dicial Power lyes only in the King and Houfe of Lords j and at the Bar of this- High Court may the Houfe of Commons, as the Grand Inqueft of the Nation , im¬ peach the higheft Subjeft of En^knd, whe-; therof the Clergy, or of the Lary , and pr^ecute them till it come to a Sentence,, after which there can benfe farther procee-, ding, till the Kinginformed of the whole matter, gives His Royal A (Tent for the F.xe-. cution of the faid Sentence , or grant His gracious Pardon. In the late Long Parliament, the Houfe of Commons pretended to be alfo a Court ttf Judicature, and at length uforped a mold exorbitant power to the total ruinc of Monarchical Government , and it i,s worth obferving by what Gradations they arrived thereto. lu the tlm-? of. Queen , aad not before, the Commons began to take upon them (as. faith Mr. a learned Member of that Houfej tofecludeone another for undue, Eleftions; whereas formerly the King and Lords were accounted the foie Judges of all Members of the Commons Houfe, and to have the foie power to judge of their ■ u^ue Eleflions, Returns, Mifdcmeanors, Breaches of Pdvibdges, and of all other Cijepietcnt^tste matters concerning their Member/hip i al- fo for freeing any Member from Arreft'or Impnfonments, did.wholely and folely be¬ long to tjie Lords , and not to the Com¬ mons, qnlefs it were by fpecial order re¬ fer red by the Lords to the Hottfe of. Com¬ mons , as heretofore fometiines hath been done. In the time of King the Martyr the Commons went farfher,took upon them ut¬ terly to expel out of their Houfe fome of their fellow Members, as Projeftors and Monopolirers, although they had been duly elefted ; After this in the fame Kings time, they expelled all fuch as adhered Jn loyalty to the King;: next they feduded and imprifoned all fuch as the Officers of the late rebellious Army impeached , or difliked ; then by the help of that Army, yo or 6o- of the Members of that Houfe expelled: all the reft of the'ir fellows , and foon after-, voted down the King and whole Houfe of Lords, and votedthcmlelvesto be theParii.ament: to be the foie Legifla- tors and the Supreme Authority ol Eng¬ land ; into fuch a prodigious height of folly and impiety do men run , when they once allow themfelvcs to pafs their due li- Par. 2.' of^^nglffntJ* of the Court of JuJih'e 'calledthe. Kiugs-Bench. F Or the Execution of Laws'^ after the Houfe of' lofds in I^arliament ^ the' highell Court'in EngUnf.is thfe Kings Fench' f6 calledbecaufe _ anciently the King fometimes there fate in perfon on a high Bench, and his Jiidges on alow Bench at his Feet, to whom the Judicature be¬ longs in the abfcnce of the Kin^. In this Court are handled the Pleas of the Crown , all things that concern lofs of life, or member of any Subjeft • for then the King is concerned, becaufe the Life and • Limbs of the Subieft belong'only to the King , -fo that the Pleas here are between the King and the Subjeft.- Here are alfo handled all Treafons, Felonies, Breach of ■ Peace , Opprellion, Mifgoverhment, eir’Ci. This Court moreover hath power to exa¬ mine and correft'all Errors infxHs&in ju¬ re of all the Judges and Juflices of Eng- Und in their Judgements and Proceedings, and this not only in Pleas of the Crown , but in all Pleas Real, Perforial, and mixt, except only in the Exchequer. In this High Court fit commonly Four Grave Reverend Judges, whereof the Firft is ftiled the Lord Chief Juftice of the Kings Bench , and is created not by Patent, but by no by a fliort Writ, thus, ^okanni I{eeling Mi- liti fdiitem. Scktii quodconftitamusvos ^ufiiciurium noftrum Capitilcm ad placita conm nobii tenendi) durante beneplacito mftro. Telle me ipfo apud JVeJim. The reft of the Judges of the Kings Bench hold their places by Letters Patents in thefe words, Rex omnibus ad quos prar4rintru{l for Sir IViUUmPra^e , who doth execute it by a Deputy Mr. JVayt. All thefe Officers aforementioned fit in the Court covered with black round knit Caps, according to the mode immediately before the invention of Hats, which was lince the beginning of the Reign of Qaeea Elizabeth. Moreover they are all fworn, and have their Offices for life as a Freehold. There are in this Court 3 Officers ua- fworn , and hold their Places iurince be¬ ne p Ucito i One Clerk of the Treafury , Mr, George IngnU) who hath the charge of keeping the Records of this Court, and makes out all Records of Mifi Prim , and divers other things. This Office is in the Gift of the Lord Chief Juftice. i. Clerk efthelnvohments of Fines and Recoveries, who is by Statute under the three puifne Judges of this Court, and removeable at their pleafure. Note that the Inrole- ment of Fines and Recoveries, or any part thereof by Stut Eli^.csp, 3.is of as good force and validity in Law to all intents and purpofes, for lo much of any of them fo in- rolled, as the fame being extant and remai¬ ning , were or ought by Law to be : The general negleft whereof in this Kingdom hath occafioned many Law Suits, and hath proved in procefs of time exceeding dan¬ gerous to many mens Eftates, 3. The Clerk HDJepiefent "State CkiE: of the Outlawries, Mr. Annud', who makes out the Writs M dpiiis Utli. gitum., after the Outlawry in the name erf the Kings Atturney, whofe Deputy he is fro tetnpore. There are five Clerks more, i. Clerk of the Kings Silver, Hemy Ntirfe Efquire, unto whom every Fine or Final Agree¬ ment in {'ale of Lands is brought, after it hath been with the CufiosBre^uium, and to tvhbm Money is paidior the Kings ufe. i. Clerk of the Warrants, Mr Thrmr Brown , executed by a Deputy Mr. ^Mes Mayo , who entreth all Warrants of At¬ torney for Plaintiff and Defendant, r. Clerk of the Juries, yi/r. "^ohn Green, t^'ho makes out the Writs called HdheasCor- porSiiid Viftring^s (oi appearance of,the Jury either in this Court, or at the Afli- fesinthe Country. 4. Clerk of the Ff- fbins or E^icufes for lawful Oaufe of ab- fence, Mr. Toienley. 5. Cleric of the Super. [ededs, Mr. Abbot, which is held fey Pa¬ tent, but before King ^mes time made by the Exchequer, . In this Court are alfo Filarers for the feveral Counties of EngUnd, fo called from the French F//, a Thred ', becaufe they file their Writs. Thefe mak’ out all Procefs upon Original Writs, and do ma¬ ny other things too long to be here f t down, 01 thefe there ate 14. vi^. Fubkn Philips Efquire, who hath London, Middlefex, Huntington , and Cambridge Shires. The reft of the Counties are divided" amongft thefe par.i; of^nglanU* 117 thefe that follow. Sir Roger HiU» Henry putton, Spicer, Grey, Fr. Hill, Robert Child , Charles Clare, Sir Thomas Strin^ ,fer, Thomas Child, Bennet, Marfi Hil» iejley, Herbert, Matthews, 3ai Hughes, who is Protonatory Filazer, and Exigen- ter of Monmouth by Patent, the reftinthe Gift of the Lord Chief Juftice, and hold for life. There are alfo four Exigentersjwhofe Of¬ fice it is to make all Exigents and Procla¬ mations in all Aftions where procefs of Outlawry doth lye. This Writ is called an'Exigent, becaufe itexafteth the Party, that is, requireth his appearance to an- fwer the Law, and lies againft a Tranf- grelTor of the Law that cannot be found, nor any of his Goods within the Countyj fo that after fumraons by the Sheriff at five feveral County Courts, if he appear not, he is outlawed. The four Exigenters at prefent are , WiUiam Petty, fofm Bawling , Charles Clare , and sHvefter Petty all in the Gift of the Lord Chief juftice, and are for life^ There are alfo belonging to this Court four Gryers and a Porter, ' of pie(entS»tate of the Court called the Exche¬ quer, ! T He n«t Court for Execution of Laws 1 is that called the fo cal- 1 led as fome think, from a Chequer-wrought ] Carpet, covering the great Table in that j Court, as the Court of Green Cloth in theKingshoufe is fo called from the Green ] Carpet, or elfe from the French word Ef- chequier z Chefs board, becaufe the Ac- comptants in that Office were wont to ufe luch Boards in their Calculation. Here aretrycd all caufes which belong to the Kings Treafury or Revenue , as touching Accounts, Difburfements, Cuftoms, and all Fines impofec upon any man. In this Court may fit the Lord Treafurer, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Lord Chief Baron , and four other Learned Judges called Barons of the Exchequer, and one other Curfitor Baron, but the twofirftfeldomfit, and the five laft Sel¬ dom fail. The firft of thefe five is the Principal Judge of this Court, and an- fwersthe Bar or the Barillers, who direft aheir Speech to him , takes Recognizances forihe Kings Debts, (fc. It is an Office of High Honour and Profit, he is ftyled Lord Chief Baron , is Created by Letters Patents to hold this Dignity, dieu Par. 2, of England* i>^ne fe gejferh, wherein, he K«h a more fixed eftate then the Chief Jufiices of ei¬ ther Bench, for the Law intends this an Eftate for Life ; in the abfence of the Lord Chief Baron, the other three Barons fup- ply his place , according to their Senio¬ rity , but the fifth is faid to be a Curfitor of the Court, and adminiflers the Oaths to the Sheriffs, Under-Sheriffs, Baylifs, Searchers, Surveyors, &c. of the Cuftom- houfe In the Exchequer are held two Courts, one of Law, another of Equity. Alljudicial Proceedings according to Law are conm Buronibus-, but the Court of Equity held in the Exchequer Chamber is cerm thefiuritrio, CinceUirio,& Biro- nihus. This Court had its beginning pri¬ me Ph. if Mar. The Authority of this Court is of ori¬ ginal jurisdiftlon without any Commifli- 011 . Note alfo, that all the other forementio- ned Courts were not Inftituted by any Statute or written Law , but have their Original from the antient Cuffom of the Kingdom, For a long time after the Conqueff, there fat in the Exchequer, both Spiritual and Temporal Barons of the Realm, and in later times there fate in their places others that were not Peers of the Realm, yet filled Barons ibi federc folebint Birones. All the Twelve Judges belonging to thefe High I9t lao tl^epiefent State High tribunes fit in Robes and Square Caps, like thofeDoftors of Divinityjbe- caufe(asfomefayjthey were antiently moft commonly Clergy-men and Doctors, Bi. /hops, or Prelates, ji Lili of the feveral Officers he-- longing to His Majeflies Court of Exchequer, • In the Vpper Exchequer, T He Kings Remembrancer Tkomts Lord Vicount FAnJhiire, in whofe Olfice are 8 fworn Clerks, whereof Payn and ThomasHaU Efquires, at prefent are the two Secondaries; the reft are Jn- fel Beaumont y Hugh Frmhjland y Butler Buggin, George IVats, MiehoUs San¬ ders, &c. In this Office pafs all the Accounts concerning the K hgs Revenue., for Guft- oms, Excife , Hearth-money, Subfidies, and all Ayds granted to the King in Parlia¬ ment, and all other Accounts of what nature foever concerning the Kings Reve¬ nue either certain or cafual. All Securi- < ties either by Bond or Recognizances to •theKings Majefty foranyof his Debts are taken here. All Proceedings upon any Statute by Information for Cuftom Exci- fes, or any other penal Law. All procee- par. 3 . of Cn slant).' dings upon the laid Bonds or Recbgnfzan- ces j or any other Bonds taken in the Kings name, by Olficers appointed there¬ unto under the Great Seal oi England. ^ and tianlmitted into this Office for recove¬ ry thereof. From hence iliue forth Procefs to caufe all Accountants to come in and account.' In the Court of Exchequer there being a Court of Equity 5 all proceedings touching the fame are in this Office , with many other things concerning the Kings Revenue. This Office is in the Kings Gilt, Next is the Lord Treafurers P-emcm- brancer, jpo/in Osbiirn Efquire, whole Office is to make Procefs againft all She¬ riffs, Receivers, Bailiff's, &c, for their Ac¬ counts, and many other things of moment, as Eftreat-Rules, all Charters and Letters Patents, whereupon any Rents are referved to the King. In this Office there were here¬ tofore twelve fwoni Clerks , whereof the two Hrlb were called Secondaries; but fince the Tenures were taken away, the faid Office is declined, and the number of Clerks diminiffied. This Office ai d is in the Kings Gift, Clerk of the Pipe is Sir Kober: Cyooh Knight, who bath all the Accounts and Debts due to the King , dyawa down out or' the Remembrancers Office, and chargeth tiiem' down in the Great Roll or Pipe, .ind therefore probably was it called the Pine Office, He hath under him eight iworn Clerks , iViHi.m Buynct Efquire , chitr Secondary, HkboU'' Highnmc B'H. >.ir- 121 122 untie p^efent State terthvijtc, Burnet Junior, dryl, i^c'. Here alfo Accountants have their Quietus eji , and here are made I-eafes ot extended Xands. Comptroller of the Pipe , Brewfter Ef- quire , who svtiteth out Sammons twice e- vcry year to the High Sheriffs, to levy the Farms and Debts of the Pipe : he alfo keepeth a controlment of the Pi, e, that is, keepeth a Roil of the Pipe Office Ac¬ counts , whereby to difcover any thing that fballbe amifs. Clerk of the Pleas is Rich-tri Bercs- /urdEfquire^ inwhofe Office all the Offi¬ cers of the Exchequer and other Privi- Ivdgcd pcrfonSj as Debtors to the King, arctohaye their Priviledge to plead and be impleaded , as to all matters at the Common Law. And the proceedings are accordingly by Declarations,Pleas and Tryalsas at the Common Law, becaufe they fliould not be drawn out of their own Court, where their- attendance is re¬ quired. Forrein Oppofer is Chirks jVhitulier, Efquire, whofeOffi.ee is, whereunto all Sheriffs repair, to be by him oppofed ®f their Green Wax, and from thence is drawn down a Charge upon the Sheriff, to the Clerk of the Pipe, this Officers kept in Grcys-lnn. Clerk of thcEflreits, IVillims, Ffquirc, whofc Office is to receive every Term , theEftreats orExtraftsout of the Office of the Remcw.brincer of the Lord Treafu- 12J pjr. 2. of^Inglanti* Treafurer; and to write them out, to be levied for the King alfo,to make Schedules for fuch Sunims, asare tol)e difchaig- ed. Auditors of the Impreft, Birtbolemem Belli and Robert/^^WeEiquires who iu- iit the great accounts of the Kings Ciif- totns, Wardrobe, Mint, Fir ft Fruits , and Teuths, Naval and Military Expcnces, Moneys imprefted, c^f. Auditors of the Revenue there are fe- ven .• S\t Edmond Sirvyer, Kr. ^ohn Fhi~ Lips Efq-, Siv^ofeph Seymour,Kt. Aldwor:}:, Pirfons, Morice, Ufqaires, and Sir if‘’':l/i- i'U Godolpkin, Kt. Thefe ludi! all the ac¬ counts of the Kings other Revenue, that arifeth bygranted in Parliain-nt;, Re?«c»i5rIcirengei's. , By long continuance, and the wifeft contrivances that the ableft men of many ages could invent 5 the Exchequer of the King of Engliindh become the beft orde¬ red publick Revenue in the world. Though the number of Officers-in the Exchequer is far greater than in any other of the Kings Courts ^ yet not near fo great as the Financiers and other Officers be¬ longing to the Revenues of the French King, who are fo many, that their Fees eat up three parts iu four of the whole Re¬ venue : whereas for rewarding all the Of. ficers in theEngliffi Exchequer, whereof mofl are ever peiTcns of Eflates-. PartSjand great Integrity , it cofts the Kiog a very in-- confiderable fuin of money, aswill cafilv appear to anyone v/ho ffiall confiJerthac in cafe of a gift from the King of Moneys orPenfionout o his Exchequer, he that receives it pays hut ') !. per ccttC. amongfi; the Tellers, Auditors, Clerk of the PclP, and their Clerks, and to all other Officers whatroevcr5 and which is remarkable, there goes not amongft the faid Officers and Clerks fo much as 5 j. per fC/JC. out of publick Payments, as for the Navy, Ord¬ nance, Wardrobe, Mint, to the Cofterer, • Tieafurcr of the Chamber, (S-'c. In cafe of Moneys paid in by any of the Kings Tenants, Receivers, it colls them fometimes but fix pence , andatmoftbut ; s, for every payment under a thoufaud np d^ep^efent estate pounds'; and that ^es only to the Clerks for their pains in writing, and attending; The bringing in of all moneys to the K'ingcofts his Majefty amongft Rcceiversj CoIlertorSj and all others in the Country not above i /. in the pound ; and at his Exchequer it colls him in a manner nothing at all; for the Tellers, who arc bound to the King in loooo 1 . fecurity , for the true difehatgeof their great trulls , have under 5 J /. perm, for their Salary from the King, and the two Clerks of each Teller, who ■conllantly attend their Offices, have'no^ thing at all frora the King. . ih Court of the Dutchj/ of LdiVi^ cafter,. T Herc is another Coaitatff'ejiminfier, called the Court of the Dutchy of lincifler , .which take's Cognizance of all Caufes that any way^ concern the Revenue belonging to that Dutchy, which hath been long lince annext to the Crown, The chief Judge of this Court is the Chancellor of the Dutchy , who isalTift-' ed'by the Atiurney of the Dutchy. There are.divers other Olficets of this Court, a lift of wh'ofe Names here follow. Sir Thoina} Inp^ram , Chancellor, and- one of His Majefties moll honourable Pfivy ^ihn- Hextb y Attur- ^ par. 2. cfCnglanD. nty Genera. Sir ^ohn Curion j Receivet General: Sir 'Vh.omvs Trevor , Knight ot' the Bath, and 'fohx FsnjhxvD Efq; Auditots. Sir Gilbert Gerar.f , Clerk of theDutchy; TbontiiS Vesberough , Meflcnger: n his Court is kept at WeftminlUr by the liowei* Exchequer, and the Office of Sir Gilbert' Gtriri at Griyslnn, of the High Court of chance-^- ry X 1 Ext to the Kings Bench in Wcflminlief-^' iNl Hill j is wifely placed this High Court, to mitigate the Rigour of that; it is called Curii Cincellirue, as forne judge, bec.aufe as fome think, the^udge of this Court fate antiently intn Cmcel- los or Littires , as thV Eaft end of our Churches being feperated per anccilbs from the body of the'Church, as peculi¬ arly belonging to the Prieft, were thence called Chancels. This Court is the Offam'^uftici^e, the' Womb of all our Fundamental Laws , the Fountain of .all our proceedings in Law j, the Original of all other Courts. It is as antieiu as the Civility of the Nation though perhaps by another name. This Court proceeds either ordinarily^ according to the Laws, Statutes, andCuf- €:^ep?cfettt state tomes of the Nation , and in Latin, gran¬ ting out Writs, mandatory ; and remedial. Writs of Grace, or eil'e according to Equi¬ ty and Confciencc, and by Englifli Bill, fo that the Chancery hath two Courts in one, the equitable part, is by Bills, An- fwers and Decrees to examine Frauds,Com¬ binations ; Ti'ufts, fecret utes, to mo¬ derate the Rigour of the Laws, and ref- tue men out of the hands of their Oppref- fors. To relieve a man, efpecially in three things, vi^. againfl Cheats , unfor¬ tunate accidents and breaches of Truft. Out of this Court illtie out Writs or Summons for Parliaments, EdidS; Procla¬ mations, Charters, Protedions, J'afe Cori- dads, Writs of Modcriitit Mifericorditi,'w\ien any perfon hath been amerced too high , and for a reafonable part of Goods for Widdows and Orphans, Patents for She¬ riffs, Writs of Certiorari to remove Re¬ cords, and falfe Judgements in inferiour Courts, Writs oi Audita Q^uerela, and ■feire fucias , here are fealed and inrolled; letters Patent, Treaties and Leagues with forreign Princes, Deeds betwixt Par¬ ity and Party touching their Lands,and Ef- tates or Purchafers taking recognizances and making of Extents upon Statutes and Recognizances for payment of Moneys, or fecuring of Contrads. Whits Reme¬ dial or Mngi{leri.al, Commiffions of Ap¬ peal , Oyer and Terminer , (Ac. The Court of Common Pleas, which are be- rwixt Subject and Subjed, hath'its Oiigi - Par.?-;. ofCitglanU^ 13^ nal and Commiflions from the Chancery, and cannot hold Pleas without it. For the Latin part of this Court, are the 24 Ctirfmry j and for the Englifli part, are the fix Clerks. TheCoUrt of Equity that proceeds not- according to Law , is no Court of Record, and therefore binds onely the perfon, not his Lands or Goods. The, Judge of this Court is the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England. He is here the foie Judge, whereas in ojher Courts there are three orfour Judges, but he may and doth often in cafes of greater weight and diffi¬ culty, in cafes of Law, call feme of the other Judges to his afliftance, and therefore it is faid , this Office may be difcharged by one that is no profelTed Lawyer , as it was almoft always antienrly, and fo of la¬ ter times by Sir Chrlflcpher Hatton, and after by Dotlov iViUiams Biftiop of Lin¬ coln, to their great praife and commenda¬ tion. It is the higheft Dignity in England that a Lay-man is capable of, it is Surnmum am- hicntis animi qaafi Solftitium, and the Chancellor is Magiflratmm omnium Anti{- tes. Antiently, the Lord Chancellor had fometimes his Vicechancellor, commonly called Keepei; of the Great Seal, but of later times they differ onely in name. In France , he that is made Chancellour is durante viu , his place cannot be taken away, i?4 (J^epiefent State away, although the Seales may. It Is fald there, that he is fo to attend to the foie In- tereft of the King and People , that he mull not be fenfible of any Relations or other confideration, and therefore he may not put himfelf. in mourning , neither for his own father, nor for the King him- lelf. Chancellours have heeniaEngUnd, as the learned finds, as loon as Chrif- tianity was embraced by the Sjxorts, The Chancellor is faid to be keeper of the Kings Confcience , to judge [ecundm icqutim & bonum , according to equity and confcience, he is to moderate the tc a '.ef/S: - the exaft rigour and letter of he Law, whercunts other Judges are fliiiflly tyed : for the-Princes of this Realm , in imitation of the King of Kings, governing the World' by juftice and mercy, have crefiedtwo fupteme Tribunals, together at the upper end of Jfeftminjler-Hull, one of Juftice , wherein nothing but the flrifl Letter of the Law is obierved , and the other of Mercy , wherein the Rigour of the Law is tempered with the fwcetnefs of Equity , which is nothing elfe but Mercy qualifying thelharpnefs of Juftice. This Court being a Court of Confei- enci, the lefs it is perplexed with the quirks of Lawyers, the more it is guided by Con¬ fcience and Equity, and therefore the Kings of would have this Court liipetiour to the other Tribunals, that fo if any thing >yas done amifs by thofe follow¬ ing par. 2. of^ngfanD* ■ngthe Rigodr of the Law, here good by Confcieoce and Equity , it might be/a* mended j wherein they followed 'the no¬ ble Pa'ttern of the Great Conjiintine, qm omes ^uis le^es imperfeHis ejfe voluit ut ink fubditi fill ippeUxrent ad Epifeopos-t and therefore in all former times, the Judges of this Court were chofen out of the Clergy , able Divines j. who by their skil in tne Law of God, and of Nations , were beft able to judge according to Mo¬ deration and Equity , and mod willing to execute accordingly: alfofitteft to difpofe of the Kings fpiritual Benefices, Befides when this High Office was given to Biffiops and Clergy men, in whom wealth and a publick Spirit- being ufually conjoyned , whatgreat publick Acls of Pi¬ ety and Charity. were done by them for this Nation > to mention onely in Oxford, What noble and rich foundations are Chrifi- chiirch ■■} Migddens, New Colkdge , and Merton Colledge ? all founded by Biihops that were Chancellors; and on the contra¬ ry, fincethe places of/Chancellor, Trea- furer, Privy Seal, iT'c. have been ufually in the- Kinds of Lay-men, what one great work hathbeen done for the Publick, but onely wealth heaped up for their'own private Families, The manner of Proceeding in this Court, is much like that in the Courts of theCU vil Law, the Aftions by Bill or Plaint,the Witnefles examined in private, the De¬ crees ill Sngli h or Latin, not in. French, Na ■ 1^6 €()epiefentS>tate No Jiiry of twelve men , but all Senten¬ ces given by the Judge of. the Court. The Chancellor or Lord Keeper hath twelve affifiants 5 antkntly called C/cr/cf, or Magrjfri CurtcelUria, Ijecaufe they were iifually in Holy. Orders , and all Doftois of Laws, forMafterand Doctor was an- tiently the fame, as at this day , a Doftor in the Arts, is called Mtigificr in Ani- bm. Thefirft of thefc is called Afnew Elcfti- on. Pfotonatary of this CouSl is-^f>.ert Efqiu're; this Office is. expedite Goramiffions for Embaflies. . It is executed by a Deputy. Clerk of the Hmper or Hinniper, fomei time filled Warden of the Hmniper. Whofe Office is to receive all the Money due to the King for the Seals of Charters, Patents, Commiffions and Writs j and to attend'the Keeper of the Seal dayly in Term time , and at all times of Sealing, with leather bag^s now'fbut antiently pro¬ bably with Hampers) wherein are put all fealed Charters, Patents, (t’c. and then thofe 140 E()ep?efent State titofe Baggs delivered to the Comptroller of the Hamper. This Office is now enjoy, cd by Henry Seymer Ef(^uire, and executed by a Deputy. Warden of the F/eer, or Keeper of the Ilect-fri[on , is an Office very confide- rable , and is to take care of the Prifo. nets there, who are commonly fuch as are fent thither from this Court, for con¬ tempt to the King or his Laws, or fuch as will not pay their Debts, &'c. The prefent Warden is Sir 'Jeremy JVhitchcote : It is csecuted by a Deputy. Serjeant at Armes is Humphrey Ley Efq; whofe Office is to bear a great gilt Mace before the Lord Keeper, fcT'c. Six Clerks are Officers of great account next in degree to the twelve Mafters in Chancery , whofe Officers to inroll Com- kliffikjnsy Bardons, Patents, Warrants, arepafled the Great Seal. They were antiently Clerki, and afterwards forfeited their places, if they.did marry, till by Aft of Parliament in the time of Hen. 8. they were allowed to take Wives. They are alfo Atturneys for Plaintiffs and Defendants, in caufes depending in this Court. The prefent fix Clerks Sir "^ohn MarJJul, Matthew Pindar VSq-, Matthew Blucli Efqj Sir Cyril Wyche, ^-ohn JVilliinfon Efqj and Edward yibneyEfqi who fit altogether at their Office in Chancery Lane, Exami- par. 2; of €nstol)» Ht Examiners in Chancery there are two , Sir Robert Peyton , and Sir Nicboks Strode. Their Office is to examine the Witnefles in any fnit on both fides on their Oaths, This Office alfo is executed at the Rolls.’ Clerks of the Petty Bag in are three, Edmund JVurcup Efq; fohnHob- foMEfqjand George Low, Efq; they are under the mailer of the Rolls. Their Of¬ fice is to make all Patents for Cullomcrs, Comtrollers, all Conge d’cjlires, mens of Nobility, Clergy, Knights, Ci¬ tizens, andBurgeffiesto Parliament, (ygc. TheSubpenu Office is to iffiie out Writs to call a perfon into Ckunccry. This Office is in the hands of Frances Xttiy Vune, SnjVulter Vnne, and Ckurlcs Pine : and executed by a Deputy. Clerk of the Patents or of Tetters Pa¬ tents under the Great Seal of EngUnd, is Sir Rkhiird Fygot , and executed by a De¬ puty, crefted 16-Fac. The Regiller of the Court of Chancery, the Earl of St. Albnns , under whom are three Deputy Regiflers for the Court, two Deputy Regillers for the Rolls, two entring Clerks and a Keeper of the Books. Curfiters Office in the ChitHce/y , is to make out Original Writs, they were anti- ently called Clcrici dc Curfu, of thefe there are twenty four, whereof each one hath certain Counties and Cities allotted to them, into which they make out fuch Original Writs as are required. Thefe 142 C&epier^nt State Clerks are a Corporation within them- themfelves, and are all perfons of <^a- lity whofe names follow. "ihe Na»/es of the Curjtters roxo in being , are theje that fol- J ohnSymonds, Principal. William Barker? Benjamin Gladman S Henry Edmonds, Ge. Norbury. Abr. Nclfon.Rich'Plumpton-Roger Brown. John Norbury. Richard Crofs. Edmund Eyre. Will. Adderley, Abr. Skynner, Jo. Shelbu- ry. Will, Plumpton. Thomas Piilier. Elias Gladman. Roger Twifden. Ben, Storke, John More. William Loe.H. Amhurft. Phi¬ lip Barecroft. Rich. Parniee, Efquires ; who execute tbcfe Offices bytbenifclves , 9 r by their Deputies^ This Office is t^ept near Lincolns Inn, Clerk of the Prefentations of Spiritual Benefices, Eiws Efquire. Commiflioners, Sir George Courthop, SirEdm. Turner, Halfal,Efii, Alienation Office, N, Crew, Efq, B-eceiver Gen. Ja/;. Hichols. All the forementioned Courts of Judi- awnc 3t JFrfiminfier , are opened four times the year, called the four Termes , vil. Edfier Term, which beginneth al¬ ways par. 2 . ofCn^lanD*. 145 wayes the feventcenth day after Eaftet, and lafteth 17 dayes. Trinity Term begins the ^th day after Trinity Sunday, and laf- t:th 10 dayes. Michielnm Term began heretofore a little after that Feaft, but now by a late Statute, begins the 13 Oefo- ier, and lafteth 37 dayes. Laftly, Hiliry rrr;?! begins now 10 dayes after St. Hilary Bilhopj or the 23 of ^mury, and lafteth- 2i dayes; fo in all 105 dayes, from whence muft be dedufted about to Sun- dayes and Holydayes, which are as the Vies Ncf.jli, wherein the Couyts fit not: fo that in one fourth part of the year, and that in one City , all confiderable caufes of the greateft part of England arc fully decided and determined , whereas in for- reign parts the Courts of Juftice are open all the year, except high Holydayes, and Harveft, and that in all great Cities. This may feem therefore ftrange to all Forreigners till they know that the Englijh have alwayes been given more to peacea- blcnefs and induftry then other people, and that rather then go fo far as tendon^ and be at fo great Charges with Attour- neyes and Lawyers, they will either refer their differences to the Arbitration of their Parilh P.riefts, who do, or ought to think it a Principal part of their Duty to reconcile differences within their Parifties, or to the Arbitration of honeft Neighbours, or elfe are content to fubmittheir difte- rcnces to tryal before the Judges of Jfliles or the Itinerant Judges, who twice a year. *44 State vix. after the end -of Uiliry Tern 1 and after the'end of Trinity term^ two by two of thefe principal Judges ride feve- ral Circuits; and at the Principal Town of every County , fit to hear and deter- mine all Caufes of lefl'er moment both ci¬ vil and criminal, a moll excellent wife Conftitution begun by Kin^ Hen. x. Anno •1175. who at firft divided Enghind into fix Circuits (not the fame that are now) and to each Circuit allotted three judges. Wales alfo is divided into two Circuits, North and Soink jValcs, for which are de- figned in' like manner two Sergeants at Law for each Circuit. Thefe Judges give Judg¬ ment erf the Fleas oi the Crown and all Common Pleas within thofe Counties, difpatching ordinarily in two or three days all Controverfies in a County that are grown to iflue in the fore-mentioned Courts at London between Plaintiffs and Defen¬ dants , and that by -their Peers : a Jury of lx men, cx vUcncto, out of the neigh¬ bourhood , whereabout the bufinefslyes. So that twice a year , in England and Wales, Juilice maybe faid to be rightly and fpeedily adminiftred even at our own doors. Befides, the foreraentioned Courts at Wefiminjlcr, Henry 8. erefted for the more cafe of the Subjeft , a Court in the North of England, another for the Coun¬ ty of Wales and Counties aujoyning; and intended another for Cornwall and Vcvonjhire •, and thefe in manner of thofe Courts par. J. of ^EnglanD. i4j Courts failed in trmce Parlements-, where all cafes might be decided both ac¬ cording to the Laws of Enghind , and ac¬ cording to equity in Cbineery : Of thefe Courts, that for Cornwal never fully erefted, thofe people defiling rather to come to London for Jufticc; that of the North , was by the late long Parliament taken away, and fo was that of )Vtiles ; but this laft fince the Reftauration of the King again erefted. Of this Court or Council of the Marihes of Wiles is a Lord Pi efident, at prefent the Lord J'iugt- in, Earl of Cxrbttry, divers Councellors , Secretary, Attourney, Sollicitor, Surv“y- or, who have Salaries from His Majef- H Aving given a brief Account of the Civil Government of all Englini in Generalnext fiiall be dcfciibed the particular Government of Counties, Hun¬ dreds, Cities, Burroughs, and Villages. For the Civil Government of all Coun¬ ties, the King makes choice of fomeofthc Nobility, Clergy, Gentry, and Lawyers, men of worth and parts, who have their ufual refidence inthe County, (o many as His Majefty pleafeth, to keep the Peace of the County , and thefe, by Commiiii - on under the great Seal, are called Jiifti- ces of P.-ace , and fuch of them In whom the King doth more particularly confide H or p?efent State orrefpeft, arecalled, Juftices of the^M- rum, from ihofe words in the Commif- fion, Quorum. A. B. unum ejfe volumusy that is, lomebufinefs of more importance, may not be tranfafled without the prefence O' concurrence of one of them,. One of the principal Juftices of Peace anJ^orara, is by the Lord Keeper made Ciifios Rotulorum, focalled, becaufe he hath the Cuflody of the Rolls, or Records of the SeiTions, and is to bring them to each Quarter Sefftons. The Original of Juftices of Peace is from the firftyear of Edwird i. Their Office is to call before them, exa¬ mine and commit to Prifon all Theeves, Murderers, waiidring Rogues, thofe that hold Confpiracies, Conventicles , Riots, and almoft all other Delinquences that may. occafion the breach of Peace, and quiet to the Kings Subjefts; to commit all fuch to prifon, as either cannot, or by Law are not, tobebailed (that is, cannot be fct at liberty by Sureties, taken for their ap¬ pearance at a place and time certainj and to fee them broueht forth in due time to Tryal. Every Quarter or three months , the Juftices meet at the chief or Shire Town, where the Grand Enqueft or Jury of the County is fummoned to appear, who upon Oath , are to inquire of all Traitors, He- reticks, Theeves, Murderers, Money- coiners,, Rio^s, &c Thofe that appear to be guilty, are by the faid Juftices com¬ mitted niitted to ptifon j to be tryed at t he nfxt A/fifes, when the Judges of Weftminfter come their Circuits aforementioned. For e:tecution of Laws in every Coun- ' 1)1 eue^t- fVefimorland and Durham i the King ereiy Michaelmas term y nominater- for each Couhtyi a Sheriff, that is a Reeve of the Shire , Fmpfttus or Frxfe^usCo- rtiutus , a Governor or Guardian of the County, for the words of the Patent are, Cmmijimus tibi Cullodiam Commitatus mjkideh;. ' ‘ The Sheriffs Office is to execute the:Kingis Mandates', and all Writs direSed to him out of the Kings Courts', to empannel Juries, to bring Caufes and Criminals t» Tryal, to fee the fentences both in Civil and Criminal a flairs executed j to wait on Wd guard the Itenerant Judges twice a year, fo long as they continue within the County, which, at the Alfifes is perform- idivith great Pomp , Splendor, Feafting , tCi In order to the better execution of lis Office, the Sheriff hath attendant his. 'Itider-Sheriff divers clerks. Stewards of lourts, Bayliffs of Hundreds, Conftables, laolers, Sergeants or Beedles, befides a allant train of fervants in rich Liverie.s, ilon HorfebachJ at the Reception of the udges. Hewas antiently chofen as Knights of IS Shire, but to avoid Tumults it .is now lus, Every year about the beginning oiMc- 'wber , the Judges Itinerant nominate H a fix 14 ^ State fix fit men of eaeit-County , that is Kts, or Efquires of good Eftates > .out of thefe the Lords Keeper, Treafurer. Privy Councel- lors, and 11 Judges aflembled in the Ex¬ chequer Chamber and fworn, make choice of three, of which the King himfelf af¬ ter choofeth one to be Sheriff', for that year only , though heretofore it was for many years, and fometimes heriditary; as at this day to the Cliffords ^ who by diflent from KobertieViponti.it Sheriffs heridi¬ tary of the County of Wejlmrdind by Charter from King ^ohn. Furthermore the Sheriffs Office is to col- left all publick profits, Cuftomes, Taxes of the County , all Fines, Diflrefles and A- merceaments, and to bz^ng themintotlie Kings Exchequer or Trea&ry at Lonrfsn, oi j die where, as the King ftiall appoint. The Sheriff of each County hath a doublej funftion, firfl Miniflerial to execute alll Proceffes and Precept.s of the Courts ofj Law, and to make returns of the fame.' Secondly, Judicial, whereby he hath au¬ thority to hold two feveral Courts of dif-j tinft nature, the one called the Sherifs part!, which he holdeth in fever.al place of theCouniy , enquiring of all Crimina Offences againft the Common-Law, no prohibited by any Statute : The other cal led the County Court wherein he hears aiii determines civil Caufes of the County un dtr 40r.which antiently was a confidera blc fumme; fo that by the great fall the moneys now , the Sheriffs authority J that part is much diniinilhed. T Par. 2. tfe is fal'dtobethe life of Juft'ce, if the Law and'of the County, for no luit be¬ gins , and no procelsh ferved but by him, ' then no Execution of the Law , but by him ; laftly hd is the chief ConferVator of the Peace in the whole County. Ever‘y County b-inp fubdivided into ILundrcds (To called at fivfV, either for corttiinrg ah hundred koufes OP loo men bound to find Armesj or Wapentakes, fo called, from touching a weapon, when they fwore Ai- teghnce (as the manner at this day is iA ■, Sweden, at their folemn weddings for the chief witnelTes to lay .ill their hard'; iipu.A a Lanct or Pi;^e) every fucK Wapentake or Hundred hath commonly a Bayliff, a very antien* Officer, but now of fmaii Au¬ thority. alfo Officers called High Conftt- blcfi firft ordained by the Statute the^ert} Edw. i. for confervation of Peace and view of Armour , they difperfe Warrants and Orders of the Jullices of Peace t9if,*cK Pety Confiable. There a^c atfo in every County two Offi- eers, called Coronm-, whofe Office is to enquire by a Jury of Neighbours how and by whom any perfon came by a violent death , and toenterthefameuponReeordy which is matter Criminal, and a plea of the Crown, and thence they are called. Crownetf ox Coroners. Thefe arechofenby the Free holders of the County, by vertue of a Writ out of the cry. They were antiently menof eftates, Birth and Honour ; and therefore. Jjo ©Se^elent^tate in the Reign fA Edvfiri III. a Merchant be* ingchofen a Coroner was removed ^ j^uk communis MerciUr f Hit , whereas he^ught to have been a Gentleman , which have no Trades man is reckoned to be by our laws. Every County alfo hath an pfficcr cal- led Clerk of the Mercat , yvhoje Office is to keep a Standard .(?f jail Weights j ind Meafures exactly, according with^the Kings Standard kept in the Exchequer, and to fee that none ethers be ufed in the fame County,to Seal all Weights, and Meafures made esaftly by the Standard in his culto- dy and to burn fuch qs are otherwife. He hatha Court, and may ke;ep andhoUVlea iheteifl. of the Cml Government of Ci» ties, E VerfOitf of England by their CKa». , terser Priviledges granted by feveral Kings is a little Common-wealth apart, governed not as the Cities of Fritace, by a Nobleman or Gentleman placed there by the King'y hut whodk by .themfelves,, they choofe amongft* themfelves their own Governor *, in Cities a Mayor is cho- fen, commonly out of’I a Aldei-men. In feme other Co porationsj a Bailiff is cho- fen out of a certaiii'number of Burgefies. Ihey Par. 2.' of CtiglanD* They are not taxed, but by their own Officers of their own Corporation , every trade having fome of their own alwayesof the Council, to fee that nothing be enafted contrary to their profit. Every City by Chatter ffotnthe King hath hfute riioyenne & bajfe fujtice , a ju- rbdiftiOhamongft themfelves, to judge in all matters and cmV, onely with this reftraitit, that all civU caufes may be removed froth their Courts to the Higher CoanssiWefiminfler. The Mayor of the City is the Kings Lieftenant, and with the Alderman, and Common Council (as it were King , Lords and Cotnmons in. Parliament) can make Laws called Bj-LtUfs for the Gokrnhieht of the City. He is for his time fwhich is but for one year) as itwere a Judge to ^terming mat¬ ters j and to ihitigate the Rigour of the law. The next in Governinent of Cities are two principal Officers called, though im¬ properly , the Sherifs^, who are Judges iti civil caufes within this City, and to fefe all execution dOne, whether fend ok a- pitil , and fhould. rather be calietl Stxt- mver ok Pirt^rukiet (i. e.) Urbis vei Form Fnefecii. In Cities the people are geBerally trade more induftricus by Manufaiffutes, and left idlenefs fuffered then in other placesjfo that in fome Cities.children of Ik ot feVen years old are made to gain their own expcnces; In the City of Norm'cby it hath of late yeares 2 €()ep?efent;^rafe yeares been computed and found, that year- iy children from 6 to lo years of age, have gained iz thoufand pounds more then what theyfpend, and that chiefly by knitting ine^erfej' ft)ckings. The Government of Burroughs,:ini other Towns corporate is much after the fame manner. Infome, there is a Mayor, in others, one or two Bailiffs, who have equal power with a Mayor and Sheriffs, and du¬ ring their Offices, they are Juftices of the Peace within their Liberties,and have there the fame power; that other Juftices of the Peace h.ive in the County, Porthe better Government of Villages, the lord of the place hath ordinarily pow¬ er to hold a Court~Buron, (o called, becaufe antiently fuch Lords vrere called Birens , as they arc ftilLin' many parts of France t or e\{e Court Baron (i.e. ); Court of ^ree- holders, as the Barons of Germany are cal¬ led Prey he'rreny fothe Barons of the Cinq} Ports in England are but the Freeholders of the Cinqi Ports. And this Court may be held every j.weeks, Alfo, for the Government of Villages there is a Pety ConjUble chofen every year bv every one that js Lord- of the place; this Officer is to keep the Peace , in cafe of quarrels, to fearch any houfe for Rob¬ bers, Murdren,or others that have any way broken the peace to raifethe Hue and Cry after Robbers fled away,to feize upon them, and keep them in the Stocks or other Prifon, till they can bring them before fome Juftice Par. 3; of^fnglanir* of Peace; to whom theConflables are fubfer- viei)t upon all occafiions, either to bring crrminals before them' j or to carry the.?fa by their command; to the common Prifon, Every little Village almoft hath an Eptr tme of Monarchical Government, of Cf- til and Ecclellaflical policy within it fclf, which' if duly maintained, would .render the whole Kingdome happy. Firft, for the c/x»r 7 Government, there is the Lord of the Soyl, who from the Crown immediately or mediatelyhoids foil j and is faid to have in him the Roy¬ alty , as if he were a little King, and hath a kind of JUrisdiftion over the Inhabit'afets , of the Village , hath hij Csurt-Lcep y or Court-Biron , to which they owe//(/t and ; fervkc, and where may be tryed fmallei! matters happenttig within- the Mannour , Efcheats upon Felonies or other accidents,, Guftody of Infants and Lunaiicks , powe/ , of paffing EQates and admitting of ITe- nanis, Reliefs, Hariots, Hunting, Haw¬ king, Fiihing, tfc. under the.Lord, is Uie - , Conftable or Headborough , to keep the Peace , to fecure offendersto bring theta ;> before the Juflice ifmsOg/e Major. Of tliie fourth R'eginKnt^pdo men, this Coll, is the Earl of Cnven,^ his Lieft. Col', is Sir Jj>«cx5“»jir/;,>his Major JoA?! Af/Wir. There is alfo a Gallant Regiment of Horfe, confiftingof 8 Troops , about yo8 Horfe , belides Officers , commanded by, theEii'l oLOJcford, and his Major is Fm«- CH Jf^ndhm. His Majefty hath befides, J compleat Typop# for his Life Guards: wnereof one is called the Kings Troop, confifling of. 109 Horfe, and commanded by the Duke of Monmouth : Another the Queens Troop, iyo,;H,brfe, and commanded by Sir Philip Momrd ' and the third the Duke of Yorlis Troop , 1 yo Horfe, and commanded by the Marquis of BUn^uefort , whereof fee mere in the fh;ft Part of the Frefent Sute op S^gljnd. The pay of a Colonel of Foot is 10 s. pet diem , and ^of a Colonel 'of Horic i z • Kper diem ytke other Officers have pro¬ portionable pay. Each Foot Souldier itt Ijondon, hath 10^. a day, and each Horfe- 2/. 6d. a day. Onely thole of the l,jfe Gu3rdhav,ecach'4 j. a day^ The reft of His Majefties Forces that are-in- conftant pay, are difpofedof into i^yeral Garrifons: a Lift whereof follows Alphabetically j with, the names of their fcVerai Gpvernors. par. 2. ofCnglanD* Barmci, Lord Widdrington. Carlile, Sir Philip. Mufgrave. Chepjiow, Captain Roger*Vaughan. Chfjler, Sir Jeofry Shackerly. Dffver, Capt. Strode. Deale^ Titus. Gucrufey, Lord'Hatton. Grave/eud, Sir Francis Leak. Harwieh, Sir Charles Littleton* Hull, John Lord'Bellaffii Jerftj, Sir Thomas Morgan.- Lunguard Forty Major DorreR St, Mum, Sif Viel Vivian. Peudenh, Richard' Lord^Arondcl. Plimouth, Earl of Bath. Portfmuti)., D.ofTor^, Sir Philip Honjmodi Lieutenant Governor, Scarborough, SirTho. Slings.by. Scylly Sir Will- Godolphin;, Shmnefs, Sir Bourcher Wray. Tinmouthy Cd. Edward Villars.- Tomry Sic John. Robinfpn.\ Vpucr Cafiki windforCajlU, Prince RoperE. Jflt ofiVight, Sir Robert Holmc?^ rK, the Lord Frefcbeyi'e. in fomeoftheie G.arrifons His Majelly h ai the charge of above joo tntenconft3nt.i isr 158 m^p^efent^tate ly, each Garrifon Souldier hath S peiicea' day. Of all the land porces in pay, the Cora^ miflaties Gen. of Mufteris are Hnry ard of Siiffoliii and Sir Cecil Homrd. The Pay-mailer of all the Forces is Sir Stephen Fox. The Judge Advocate Dr. Sam. Banorv, For regulating and ordering His Maje- llies Land Forces, that are in conftant pay, there aft no Orders, yet fetled by Aft ol Parliament, as there ate for his Sea Forces, but may be in a Ihort time. Befides, the afore-mentioned Forces there is the Handing Militia by Land of all England fetled in the King, to be govern¬ ed, ordered, and enlarged from time to time as hisMajefly lhall feeoccafion, For the management of theie Handing Land Forces theKing himfelf makes choice of divers of the principal Peers of his King- dome , and by Commiffion creates them lord Lieutenants of the feviral Counties of England^ with power to arm, array, and form into Companies, Troops, and Regi¬ ments, to conduft (upon occaltOn of Rebel¬ lion or Invafions ) and employ the men lb armed within the Counties and Places for which the faid Lords are commiffioned, or into any other County, as the King lhall give order. To give Commiitions to Colo¬ nels, or other Commiflloned Officers, to prefent to the King the names of the Deputy- Lieutenants, who'have in the abfence of the iorid Lieutenant the fame power (and pari 2;. of thefe are tso be of the prittte Gentry of the Coitffiy^ to charge any perfon inthcCoitn- ? r with HdrC?, H'drftmMi, and Arms, or 6ot Soiildiers and Arms within the faid County j proportionable to their efiates, with limitation that no perfon be charged withaHotfe, unlefshehath 500/. yearly Revenue , or 5ooo 1. in perfonal Eftate. Nd perfon to be charged with a Foot Sout- dfei'i urtfefs he hath charged to allow each Souldier one months pay, which the King is after to repay be¬ fore they may be charged with another moneths pay, Thefe Forces are alwayes in readinefs with all things neceffary at the beat of a Drum, or found of Trumpet, to appear, mufter j and be compleat with men, horfe* and: v6P ' ®{)ep;(>ttntdtate' arti armesj and ate at certain times traiir. ed and difciplined, that they become able, skilful, andtufeful Souldiers, Thefe are to be commanded only within the Kingdom,, for the fecurity of thcKiag and Kingdom, Subfervient in the flanding Militia to the lord Lieutenant, andrDeputy Lieutenant are the joftices of Peace of every County, who upon all .occalxons according to the ordersof their Superiors, are to fendjthcir Warrants to the High Conftable of the Hundred, or Petty Conftable of the Parilh, Re. Thefe are commonly called the Train- bands’of -eytry County, whereof the num¬ ber is fo great, that in only five of the big. ger Counties of E»)^ldnd there are to be found well provided forty thoufand able luftymen ready to aflift the King upon all occafiens, fo. that in ailtime* of peace the King hath fix orfevenfeore thoufand men- enrolled, and wholly and folely at hiS dii-- pofing-for the defence .of hi? Kingdom of England. , For the better feeuring of the Kingdom; from foreiga Invafion, befides the Ships of war ( whereof more anon ) there are upon certain eminent,places over al parts of Eng- knit mediterraiieas- well as maritime, high- Poles erefted , whereon are faftiied pitch Barrels-to be fired by ntghfj and a fraoJee made by day, and thereby to give notice in few hours, to the whole Kingdom of the approaching Invafion : whereupon the In¬ habitants. , Par. 2. of^EnglanD* bbitants in arms make hafte to the fea* coafts. Thefe are called Becons, from the Saxon Be'iccn or Bencnkn, to AeW by a fign. In all times of danger fonic are let to watch at evety Bccon. Antiently there were many Caftles in all of England i but inland" Caftles ge¬ nerally have either beendemolilhtin lattef : times, or wittingly fuffered to decay, that I to Rebels they might be no Ihelter, to In - I vaders no ftay, nor to the Invaded any re- fuge in flight, and confequcntly, that there may not be any lingfing mr again in E»g- I Undi which is thegreateft mitery and ca- I lamity that can ever happen to a Nation. In If 88. upon expeftat'ion of the Spa- nifh Armado ftiled invincibltj there went forth from the Queen Commiffions tomu- Her in all parts w England, all men that were of perfect fenfe and limb, from the age of i6. to except Noblemen, Clergy* men, Univerflty Stuoents, Lawyers, Om- (ers, and fuch as had any publick charges, leaving only in every Panlh fo many Huf- bandmen as were lulficient to till the ground. In all thofe Mufters there were then nuinbred three millions: but ofthofe fit for war, about fix hundred thoulandi In-another Mlifter of Queen EUxabeth there were found in ail England fit for war of common Souldiers, about four hundred thoufand, and of thofe armed and trained one hundred eighty five thoufand , befidcs Horfe near forty thoufand : and that the Nobility and Gentry were then able to bring into the field of their Servants ani | ■Followers twenty thoufand menHorfesnd Foot choice menj and excellent horfcsij and in all fit for war, and ready upon all 1 occafions, fix hundred forty two thoufand, leaving fufEcient to till the ground, and to ’ fumifti Trades, befides No&ility, Gentry, 2tc. €f the fnfent Maritime Towtf 1 belonging to the Crovc^n of'Eng* knid. ! T He Kingdotn of EifgUnd bdtig A Pen- inliila, almoff Airrounded with the fea, there will alwayesbeaneceifity of ma- rkime forces. And as next NeighboufJ grow potent at fca, the King of Vollbe-necelStatedto augment his mhutime forces proportionably fhow great fOever the charge thereof may be^ orelfetoquit his antient right to the Soverainty of the narrow feas, and.tofufferhis Merchants ta be abufed, and their traflSque every wheril interrupted. It is true, that in the 14. of upon a general view and mufter there were found but 13 Ships of war, and 135 Ships of con- fiderable burden belonging to all the Sub- Jefts of England. : and in the year i iJoo her Majefty had but 35 Ships of war, and ij or i4 Pinaces : thebiggeft Ship was then par. 2." offl^nglanU* of One.thoufaud Tun, carried Three hun¬ dred and forty Mariners, One hundred and thirty Soldiers, and but Thirty piece of Ordnance : The leffer Ships of War, were of One hundred Tun, Forty or fifty Mariners, Seven or eight Soldiers, and Eight Guns. The Pinnaces of Thirty Tun, Eighteen or twenty Mariners, and Two or four Guns, fo fmall was the Royal Fleet in thofe days, when our next Neighbor Na¬ tions were weak, and always engaged with Civil and Foreign Wars ; but now that their ftrength at Sea, is of late fo prodi- gioufly increaled, it will be moft expedient for this Kingdom, to be always well pro¬ vided : And, God be thanked, we have a King that underftands better, and takes more delight in Maritime Affairs, and Ships of War, theui'any of His Royal Aa- ceftors, or any Soveraign Prince now living in the World j and who hath made it His cheif bufinefs ^at way, tofortifie this Kingdom. The Forces of Potentates at Sea, font Marques de Grandeur d'EJiat, faith a French Author, Whofoever commands the Sea,comm3nds the Trade of the World; He that commands the trade commands the Wealth of theWorld, and confequently the ♦ Worldiitfelf. Again, As he that is Mailer of the Field, is faid to be Mafter of every Town, when itlhall pleafehim; fo, he that is Mafler of the Sea, may, in fome fort, be faid to be Mafter of every Countrey, at leaft of fiich as are bordering on the Sea j for he is at liberty, 1^4 ftOepiefenf^tate liberty to begin, or end'a War, where, and npon what terms he pleafcth, and to ex, tend his Conquefts treh to the Ami podcs. T® the Crown of EngUnd belongs the Dominion of all the Narrow Stas, round about the whole Iflandof Grat Briuin, by Ancient Right whereof, it hath had. poflelfion in all times. Firft, the Abcrigeatsl or Ancient Briuins were poifeft thereof, (as MrrSeldcn makes appear) and in their Right, the Eomnns held it j then the Smns having gotten pofleflton of England, kept that Dominion, their King Edgaf, arnongH His Royal Titles, calling Hirafelf, Sovt- nign of the HmoreSeae. Afterward the Homm poflelfing En^- Und, claimed, and quietly poCTefttnefame Dominion, in teftimony whereof, the Swedes, Pines, Huns-towns, HoUanden, Zealanders, tlte. were wont to ask leave to ptifstheBritiJhSeif, and to take Licenfes to filh therein ; And to this day, dof ftriW Sail to all the Ships of War belonging to theKingof asoft astheypafsby any one of them, thereby to exprefs, that they acknowledge the Soveraignty of the Britijh Seas to belong to the King of Eag- land, according to an Ordinance made at mfiings in Sujfex , by fohn , King of England, about Four hundred'and. fifty years ago. To maintain this Right and Title, to proteft Trade, to fubdue Pirates, to de¬ fend tiis Kingdom againft hoftile Invafions, and Par. 7. Of€nglan!j* i6^ and to reduce foreign Potentates to Reafon, the Kings of Eng/rfsd have had ferpecially of later times) a confiderable number of Ships of War, for Strength, for Beauty and Sailing ('if not for number) furpaffing all thofe of our Neighbor Nations : For ■ Strength, by reafon of the moft excellent Englijh Timber, they are like fo many floating Caftles and Barbicans ; For Beau¬ ty, foproportionably and fpacioufly built, and fo curioufly and richly adorned, that they are as fo many Royd ?dices. A- niongft other Ships at Sea, they are as fo many Lions amongft other filly Beafts, or as Eagles amongft other Birds, Hiftories mention a great Fleet of ^ulm Ctefir, a Fleet of the forementioned King Edgar, confifting of Three thoufand fix hundred Sail j a Fleet of Lersis, Son to Philip King of Ennce , of Six hundred Sail, that arrived zt Sandwich toaffiftthe Englijh Barons againft King ^ohn ; but thofe doubtlefs were but asfomany Cot- rages to Caftles, in refpeft of theprefent Ships of War. Henry the Eighth, in the Fifth year of His Reign, built a Ship, then accounted the greateft , that ever had been feen in England, y and named it Henry Grace de j)m, 01 Great Henry i it was of One thoufand Tun. In the Eighth year of King ^ames was built hy the Londoners, a Ship of Twelve hundred Tun, and called The Trades In- freaje, which being loft in the Eafi Indies, King ifs i:|)ep^efent state King caufed' another to bebujlt of Fourteen hundred Tun, which being given to Prince Uenryi was by Him named the Prince. King Chirler, the h^myr, perceiving the great encrcafe of Shipping in our Neighbor Nations, and that the Soveraign- ty of thefe Seas was like to be difputed; amongft other great Ships of War, built one greater then any Ship of War, cither in Engknii or in any Countrey of Europe, and named it The Royd Sovcraign •, which for a little divCrfion, fliallhere be more particularly defcribed. The Royil Sovenign, being a Ship of the Firft Rate or Rank, built in the Year One thoufand fix hundred thirty and feven, is in length by the Keel One hundred twenty' feven Foot, in bredth by the Beam Forty feven Foot, in depth Forty nine Foot, her draught of Water Twenty'one Foot: Of burden, in all Two thoufand ■ fevetity and two Tuns j and One thoufand five hundred fifty and four Tuns, befides Guns, Tackle, This, mighty Moving- CaftJe hath Six Anchors, whereof the biggeft weighs.^ooo 1 . and.the leaft4300/. It hath Fourteen Cables , whereof the greateft is Twenty one Inches inconrpafs, and weighs 9000 1 . Her leafl: Cabh being^ eight Inches in compafs, weighing near 1500 A To the Royd Sovenign belong' Eigh¬ teen Mafts and,Yards, whereof the grear- cft, called TheHmi-U^. is' One hundred , and par. 2. oFfttglanD* I6y ind thirteen Foot long , and Thirty eight [nches Diameter j Her Main Yard One hundred and five Foot long, and Twenty three Inches Diameter, and her Main Top Fifteen Foot Diameter : She hath Ten feveral forts of Sails of feveral names (as every Ship of every one of the Six Rates hath ) whereof her greateft Sail, called Her Main Courfe (together with her Bon¬ net) contains One thoufand fix hundred and forty Yards of Cinvis.,Ipfvpich iowhlcy and the leaft Sail called The Forertop- lihnt-fiil 5 contains One hundred and thirty yards of CiitivK, The charge of one compleat Sure of Sails for the Sovereign [154041. Sterling Money. The weight of the Sea ftore, in point of Ground Tackle and other Cordagcj is Sixty Tuns, Eight hundred and odd pounds. She carries a long Boat of Fifty Foot, a Pinnace of Thirty fix Foot, and a Skiff of Twenty fevenFoot long. The weight of her Rigging is Three and thirty Tun. She hath Three Tire of Guns, all of Brafs, whereof there are Forty four in her upper Tire, Thirty four in herfecond Tire, and Twenty , two in her lower Tire, in all One hundred Guns. She carries in all, of Officers, Soldiers, and Mariners, Seven hundred Men. Finally, Her whole Charges for Wagesi Vidluals, Ammunition, wear and tear, for every Moneth at Sea, cofts the King 3 5 00 A Sterling, as hath been computed by a very skilful perfon. The 158 The charges of Building a Ship of tlif Firft Rate, together with Guns, Tackle, and Rigging (befides Viftiialing) doth or¬ dinarily amount to about 1 . Thofe pf Lower Rates proportionably. The King hath now Six Ships of the Firft ■'i,Rate, whereof Five are longer by the Keel ' then the forementioned Royd Sovenign, apd all of the fame force, except two, which yet .may carry each one, One hundred and ten Guns,' Of Ships of War, great and fmall, the King had before thelaftWar with the ffm- ted Netherldnds, above One hundred and fixty Sail, whereof a true lift followeth. A Lift in Alphabetical Order of all the Ships, Frigats, and Veflels of his Majeftie’s Roy¬ al Navy ; together with the Rates ^ Tm7s^ Men^ and ufually accounted. Firfi Rate Ships. T Pins Men Gfsns Charles 1229 550 So Prince I 20 S 600 84 Soveraiga ^554 700 100 Sfcoffd Rate. Sc Andrew 775 300 St. George 7/5 SCO 56 Henry 1047 380 64 Janaes, 7v2 350 60 London 1050 500 64 Royal J-imes 1 ICO 5 CO 70 Rainbow 782 320 5 ^ Swiftfure 740 S^o 6q Triumph Catherine 119 350 64 76 Viftory 690 320 56 I Unicorn 170 Ctit: pjetnitstate Second Rate Ships. Tsms Unicorn 786 Vantgiiard Royal 0^1 k St. Michael 706 Third Rate. Anne 742 Dreadnought 738 Dunkirk Edgar 635 Effex 633 Fairfax 755 Henrietta 781 Glocefler 7 i 5 Lyon 550 Mary Monk 727 Montague 769 Pl'mouth 77 f Rsvengc 741 Refoludon 765 York Rupert 739 Mm S ms 320 56 3 o 5 ^ 76 240 54 240 53 230 48 230 48 240 5i 250 50 2-io 52 2I0 4-8 260 56 260 50 260 52 250 5G 240 52 250 5:2 240 52 Fourth Par. 2. ot CnglauD* i fourth Rate Ship. Tuns Men Gum Antelope. 550 160 40 Affiftance 513 160 40 Advice 516 160 40 Adventure 50) 140 24 Amity 354 i;o 30 AfTurance 341 135 32 Briftol 534 18-0 44 Bear 430 130 36 Breda 515 160 40 Crown 53 ^ 160 40 Centurion 531 170 40 Convertine 500 170 4© ConBnnc Warwick 31S 135 32 Charity 400 140 38 Diamond 547 160 40 Dover Sfi 160 40 Dragon 414 150 38 Eliz ibech 477 150 38 Elias 400 130 36 Expedition 323 120 30 Forefighc 513 160 40 Guinea 120 30 Happy Return 607 180 44 Hamplhire 481 150 38 Jerley ^ 560 160 40 indiai •73 €()(p?efent@tatc Ships Indian Kent Leopard Matthias Mary Rofe Marmaduke Newcadle Nonfiieh Portland Princefs Portfmouth Phenix Prcfidcnt Providence Jleferve RuBy Swallow Sapliire Tyger Welcome Yarmouth I'/f/h Rate, Argudin Briar Colcherter Tum • Men Gms 500 180 40 Coo 170 40 666 180 44 160 44 566 160 40 400 130 32 633 180 44 589 140 34 607 170 40 600 150 36 4;3 150 38 4:4 150 38 462 150 38 323 120 30 512 160 40 550 lOo 40 543 170 40 442 150 38 447 J50 38 400 ISO 3’8 C08 180 44 300 no 26 180 90 18 28; no 24 Convert ■73 Ships. 7 «w Mefi Gnus Convert 250 no 26 Coventry 200 no 20 Dartmouth 220 no 22 Dolpliiri 130 80 14 Eagle 299 110 22 Foreftcr 230 no 32 Fame 200 95 20. Gift 300 100 26 Garland 2 ^ I 0 20 Greyhound 150 9.0 Half-Moon 300 no 26 Happy Entrance 2 00 100 20 Heftor 150 90 20 Hound Lizard ICO 170 16 Milford 262 115 ; 22 Mermaid 287 no ■ 22 Norwich 258 , no 22 Nigh:ingale 300 no 2 Z Oxford 240 io> 22 Conftant Warwick^ 80 22 Pearl 28t no 23 Pembroke 210 no 22 Paul 240 PS 22 Richmond 235 110 22 RofebuOi 300 100 24 I 3 Succefs 174 State Ships. Tfitis Men Cms Succefs Frigat 250 115 24 Speedwell 200 100 20 Sorlings 250 1 JO 22 Succefs 380 130 34 Satisfadioti 220 no 26 S'aphire 300 100 26 Weflergac Sixth Rate. 3 00 100 26 Bramble 120 70 14 Blackmore 90 50 12 Carnation. 100 60 12 t hefnut 90 4 S .10 Gag-way 60 40 .8 Cignet 60 40 0 Drake 146 70 •w Dolphin Diver Smack 50 2.5 4 Eaglet 60 40 8 Fox 120 70 H Francis po 50 10 Griffin. 90 50 12 Gift 120 70 12 Hind 60 40 8 Hawk 60 *^0 8 Harp 60 40 6 Hart Par. 2 . Ships . Thus Gmi Hart Hunter 50 30 5 Henrietta flnnaee 65 25 6 Ringfale 90 50 10 Lark '8.0 50 10 Lilly 00 40 5 Martiw 130 70 J 2 ‘Mary 120 60 12 Ronfuch Ca.tch 50 -40 8 Minion ‘P&rados lay 70 12 Pearl Br^ni 50 25 4 Roe 60 40 8 Kofe 460 40 G Sparrow 90 5o 17. Swallow 60 40 6 u True Love 100 60 12 Vulture 100 5 o 12 Weymouth 120 70 u Wolf 120 70 i'.6' Befides the above mentioned Veflels,' 'there was the New GMly, the Eagle, Storliy VhtetiOjiridge, Chur.ch ini Elias,in ail i^O' fail. During. i 7<5 Cljep^efent State paring the late War with the United NetberUnds, Fnnce, and Pcnmurli, fome of thcfe forementioned VeHels were lofl, and fiiice the Peace concluded many have been new builtj even this pre'ent year, four Ships of,the firft Rate, and three of the third .Rate have been, to his Majeflies greatex- pences, built and perfeftly finirtied, or will be in aihorttime. Thofe new built Ships of the firft Rate are the Rejal ^mes, Frince, St. Jn^rernj London, All his Majefties Maritime Forces ate under the Command of the Lord High 'Admiral of England, touching whole Name, Titles, Power, Priviledges , c!?’c. See the firft part. The Lord Admiral hath under him ma¬ ny Officers of high and low condition, fome at S^a 3 others at Land; fome of a Militirj, fome of a Civil capacity j fame judicial') others Minijlcrial; fo that the Dominibn and -Jurifdiftion of ihe Sea^ may juflJy be ftiledjanother Commonwealtb ot Kingdom apart.. In Mari pint Regnadl- ftinaa idquefure Gentium, pout inarida terra, {zitiaBaldm, that learned Oracle of the civil Late : And the Lord High Admi- • ral of England, may fitly be ftiied, or at leaft reputed as a Vice -Roy ohhye Maritime Kwg^domoi,England. , , The Vice-Admiral oi England is air Of¬ ficer , to whom next under the High-Ad¬ miral, it belongs to fee the Royal H'avy Icept in good repair, the wages of Mariners and, Ship-wrights duly paid, and the Ships provided Par. 2 . of €nglant)* provided of all things neceflary for any Ex¬ pedition. The Lord; Eigh-AAmirifo^ tnghni’ doth by virtue of his place appoint in di¬ vers parts of the Kingdom his fevcral Vicc- Jdmrds, v/ith their Judges and Marfhal's by Patent under the Great Seal of th'e High Court of Admiralty. Thefe Vice- Admirals and fudges do exercife Jurif- diftion in Maritime affairs withit). their fe- veraf limits, and in cafe,any perfon' is a- grieved' by any Sentence or Interlocutory Decrecj that hath the force of a definitive’ Sentence, he may appeal to the High Court of Admiralty, 7k prefect Vice-Admirafe-cf tie federal' Cmfis of England, with Judges; are thefe that follow in ^Iphabctioaf order. Briftol City, Sir Tbomns Bridges Vice-Ai- miral. Ckefnire and Lancajhire, the E'arl of Perhf' Vioe-Adn-iirai. Sir Tim. Baldwin Kt. Dr. of layv^, Judge,. CJernwiz//South parts, Trelawrt^ Vice-Adp- miraL Cornwall North parts, Sir-^eh Gocbl^hW V. Admiral. . Mr. Semen fudge. Cumherknd, Earl olcirlile V. Admiral. Vurhim, hitlof Carlile. V. Adaiirak Vevpnjhtre, ^shn Vowel Efqj Y. Admiral, pr. Mttfiers Judge. J)er[etjhire, Bullen Reyms Efq; Ejfex, Sii fohn Brmfiom Y- Admiral.' Sir MMiipri Brmfion Judge. Gbcejier, Thotm Ciefton Efqj V. Adm. y^ent, Doktof Rickmond Y. Adra. Lincoln^ Lord CaftletonY. Adtn. Hewcpjile, Earl of CarlUe V. Adm. Tdorfollii Lord Townfend V. Adm. Sh^ujiinkn LewenKt. Dr.of Laws, Judge. tiorthmberlini, Earl of CirlileY. Admi Sonterfctjhire, Sir fhomof Bridges Y. Ad- iniral. SHffexi Sir ^okn Pelhm Y. Adra. ilr. Lew Judge. Safo'lfi, Sir Henry Felten,Y. Adm. Rt. Ckr\ Judge. SoH/tbmpton and IQe of IVight, Robert Helms Y. Adm.- Bfv Ltoyd Judge. WaIcs North parrs. Col. ^ehA R-ohinftn V.Adm. Mr. If^Alter idunfel Judge. ttrli, Earl of Afa/gww V. Adm, For Parii; For handling of AfFairs, the ' . Lord Aimiral hath Courts of his own, whereof that at Lo^ioj? is the,princi¬ pal or iupremcjwhere all Troccfs and Proree- iings run in his name,and not in the Kings, as it doth in all Common-Law Courts; in this Court ufiially call’d the Court of Admiraltjj he hath a Lieutenant called Judge of the .Admiralty^ who is commouiy fome learned _Dr. of the Civil Law, and U at prefentPoftor lately knighted for his great worth, and now called Sir Uonel ^en\ins. The Proceeding in this Court in all Ci- vi/Matters, is according to the Civil Lm,- becaufe the is without the litn' ts of the Common-Liijv , but under the A.dmiruls Jurifdiftion ; therefore the Civil LiW onely fallCominon Law I'ecluded) is rnade ule of, and,,by L/k/they proceed to the Afti- on, the PhintifFgiving Caution to prole- cute the Sute , and to pay what (hall be Judged againft him, if he fail in the Sute, • the Defendant on the-contrary f^cpring the PlaintifFijy fiifiicient furct.y or caution, as- the Judge {hall think meet, that he .will Ap¬ pear in Judgmentja.nd pay that which flidl be adjudged againfi him,and that jie will ra- tifie and allow all that his Proftcr ihall do in his name, whereby the Clients are ,well’ alTured to obtain that which by Law'.iha.ll bea(ljud.ged to them, let iheCaufe fallila^ which fide foever. Ill the Jdminlty Court of England uTe is tnade, jiot on ely of .the Civil hms , but the- i8q Cftep^efent^tate- ■ the taws of Rhodes and Olcroti,. vrUveol the fornier is an Ifland in the Me'ditern^ Sea,, about twenty miles difiant from the Continent of Jfn Minor, and is now , under the turli, the antient Inhabitants whereof, by their mighty Trade and Power at Sea, grew fo expert in the Regulation of ' all Maritime Matters and Differences, and their Determinations therein were eftcem- ed fo, jufl and equitable, that their. Laws in fuch affairs have ever lirice been obferv. cd for Oracles. Thofe Laws were long ago incorporated into the Volumes of the Civil Larv : And the Remans, who gave Laws to other Nations, and excelled all Nations in-making of good' Lawe.s; yet for their Sea-alfairs, referred all Debates andCon- troverfies to. the Judgement of thefe Rhoii- dn Lawes., Oleron is an Ifland antiently belonging to the Croron of England, feared in the Bay di A quit ant, not far from the Mouth of the Garonne, where our famous War. riourKing Richard the Firjf, caufed to be ■ compiled Xu ch excellent Laws for ^a mat- . ters, that in the Ocean Sea fVeftmird, they had. alitiofi as, much repute as the Rhodian L'aws in the Mediterranean : and thefe Lawes were called La RooLd’ Oleron. King. Edward the Third (who firft ere- ^i:ed. this Court of Admiralty, as fotne h‘o}d)'made at Q^inbbrough. 13.7;?. very excellent,ConflitutLons concerning Mari- time affairs, and many Statutes and Ordi- usnees have been marie by other Princes, par. 2. of (ZEnglanH^ and People, as at Rowe, Pip, Geno4, feiltes, Bxrcelona', and Meffma iragment of'the Khedian'Liw, ftill extant with the Comments: thereon by the old J^icrifcofifulu inierted in thePandefts^ and the Conflitutions made by the Ronim Emperors contained in the Code,, and in the Novelles , flill holds the Preemi¬ nence. ' The Cuftomes and former ' Decrees of th'e EngUjI) Comt of Admiralty, are therfc of force for deciding, of Controverfies. Under this Court there is alfo a Court of Etjuity for determining differences between Merchants.. In Criminal affairs, which is common¬ ly about Piracy , the proceeding in this Court was by Accufation and Informati¬ on, .according to the Civil Lam, by a mans own confeffioii, or eye-witneffes found gulty before he could be condem¬ ned : but that being found inconvenient, there were two Statutes made by H. VIII, that Criminal affairs Ihould be tried by Witneffes, and a Jury, and this by fpeci- al Commiflion of the King to the Lord Admiral 3 wherein fome of the Judges of the Realm are ever Commiffioners, and the Tryal according to the Laws of Eui/dsh, directed by thofe Statutes. Between the Common Law of Kngland, and the Admiralty, there feems to be Di~ vij^um Imperium 3 for in the Sea, fo far as the Low-water Mark is obferved, that is eountedjin/ril Gorptis ComiWus adjacentir, and' CUweftitt State Gaofes thence artfing are ^detertnina: fck by-the .Cotnmon'Law, yet when the Sea is-full, the Admiral hath Jurifdiitton there alfo (fo- ioag as the-Sea flows) over matters done benveen .tbe low-watet Mack, and the iand, as appears in Sir Memy.Crnftihles 'Czky 'i Report, Cokep. ■IfO?. For regulating- and ordering His Ma.’ iefiies NaneSj.'STiips of Vfer, and Forces ^ Sea, See thtde .excellent Articles and -Orders 15 Car. ». t. 9. of the Navy Office, inhere the whole bujmefs concerning the Kings Ve^elsof Waris mana^ ged,. F Irfi, Th&eis,tfee Treafiirerof the Na¬ vy, the Earl of whole Of- ficeis to receive out of the Exchequer,by V'arrant from the Lord Treafurerof Eng- lundi and to pay all charges of the Na¬ vy; by Warrant from the priacipal Offi¬ cers of the Navy for which he hathfalary, tao /. 13 if. 4cf. befides 3 d. in the pound of all moneys paid by him. This Office is executed, pro- tempore, by Sir Thomis Osburn, and Sir Thoms Little¬ ton 5 for which there are allowed to each fifteen hundred pounds' pernnnum. Next the Controller of the Navy, Sic ^kn Mennes , whole Office is to attend and controll all paymeats of wages, to know the Market rates of all ftores belong¬ ing to dipping,to examine and audit Trea- fuiers, Victuallers, and Store-keepers, Accounts, (s-'c. his Salary is y00 1 . yearly. This Office is executed at prefentbytne Lord Vicount Bro«Ui^er,the forementioned Sir tpflfen MenmSi and Sk ^eremj/Smith i- together. Surveyor of the Navy, Collonel rtooijj Midiieun , whofr Office is generally to tnow the ftate of all ftores,and fee the wants fupplyed ; to find the Halls, Mafts,Yards, and ellimate the value of repairs; by In.' dentures to charge all Boat^wiins, anlj Carpenters of His Majefties Navy , witlj what'ftores they receive, and at the end of | each voyage, to Hate aid iuiiit their Ac¬ counts , hts Salary is 4^0 1. Clerk of the Afts Samuel Pepys Efquirc, whofe Office is to record all Orders, Con. trafls, Bills, Warrants, and other bufinef. fcs tranfacted by the Principal Officcrs anl Commiffioners of the Navy, . 'Next the Commiffioners of the Navy, vi\. the forementioned lord Br-Ounl^er ad Sir Jeremy Smiw,'^)\ok O&ce i,s as- abov; fpecified j and Salary to each yoo L year- Two other Commiffioners, ^ohnTippHs and f ohn Cox Efquires, whofe paiticulat work is to be at Pcrtfmouth and Chatham , al'wayes in readinefs,to give Orders fonhe better management of His Majeftiss affairs in his Yards or Stoi e-H.bufes there j Salary to each is 3 yo f. yearly. Each of thefe Officers above named, have tsvb Clerks, aod fonie of them- more, all pavd by the Treafurer of the Navy , all hold their Places by Patent frona-the Krngj and the.moftof them during Pleafin e. The King hath for his- Navy Royal and ] Stores, 4 great Yards or Store-houles; wf. at Chatham,Beptford-.Jf^Qellrfichiani Portf- mau tj>, Par. 2.' of €t\glant. 185 nouthy where his fhips are built, repaired and laid up after their voyages. In which Yards are employed divers Officers, where¬ of there are fix Principal, whofe Office, Naraes, and Salaries follow. CUt.Dep.m6l.Perf. Clerk of the Check. ^ i8i ig8 98 126 Store-kee. 1 per. 1 ' 2^6 164 128 119 Mailer at¬ tendant. ■2 at Chtf-[ thm. ^ ' - 200 100 100 lO'd Mailer rtiip-' wright. , 103 I13 I JO Clerk of the) Control). J ■ 100 120 80 8) Clerk of the ? Survey., % ■ 140 102 84 Note State NotC‘?hat the ehatges of-their ,Clerfe and 'Iriftriunents are included in' the afort. mentioned Salaries. ®efides thefes. fer diem, and 'lo r. per menf. for each fervant, whereof he is allowed itf. Lord Adm,. Secretary is Matthew Wren, ^fquire, hit-Salary^ro* the'King is yoo.A yearly. All 'the.ether under Officers, as wdll thofe in the (everal Yards as thofe belong^- ing to any of His Mnjefiies fliips, hdW their places by Warrant from the Lord High Admiral durante 'bene flacito. The ordinary yearly Charge of His Ma- Jellies Navy, in times of Peace , continu¬ ing iu Harbour, is fo well regulated, that it amounts to fcarce 70000/. befides all chargesof building of fiiips , fSTc. orfet- ting forth any 'Fleets , which Tome years even in peaceabletimes, amounts to 12 or i^ooooo 1 . more , as may -eafily becon- jedlured .by the charges of building arid rigging of Ships, arid of one 'Months ex- pences COep^efent^tatc pence* at Sea afore fpedfied , fo that the En^lijhS\ih]ed:tteei no longer wonder how thefr late, large Contributions and Aides have been fpent, but rather how the King- domes neceflTai'y Expences, fliould be dif- charged with to little. Of the City of LONDON. L ondon being the of E?f^- lanj, the Seat of the .Britilb Em¬ pire , the Chamber of the King, a-ad the chiefeft E-nptrium or Town of Trade i» theWoild ; it will not be impertinent to give fonie accou.it (hereof. To deferibe particularly all things in this City wo- thy to be known. Would take sip a whole Volumtij therefore , according to the intended brevity of this trettifi here fiiail inferred onely t« ucjaMin rr( MazmlkLoniinh fuch things as flrangers and foreigners commonly count I remarkable. * Take then a furomary account of the Name, Antiquity, Situation , Magnitude Streets, Houfes, Number of Inhabitants, Parilh-Churches, Cathedral, Royal Ex¬ change,River,Conduits, Aquedufts, Trade, Government jPublick Halls of Companies f of the Tower, Bridge,Cuftom-Houfe, Pub- lick Offices, Colledges, Schooles, Hofpi- tals, Wotk-houfe*. ere. LON- Par. 2,. of^^nglantf. 189 lO HJ >0 N fo called , as feme con- jefture, from Llongdin the Britiftt word , ' iignifyinginthe SixonTongneShipton^ or Town of fhips; was built as feme write U08 years before the Birth of our Saviour, yPniiai,: that is 2778 years agocj in the time of JiZ- ° tmI the Prophet, and about 3^5 years before the building of Rome. Ib the moll: excellent iituation of London) sittiiti- the profound wifdom of our Ancellor:. is jfj, very confpicuous and admirable. It is fea- ted in a pleafant ever green valley; upon a gentle riling Bank, in an excellent Aire, in a wholefome foyl mixt with gravel and fand upon the famous Navigable River Tlumcs', at a place where it is call into a Crefeent) th.tt fo each part of the City might enjoy the benefit of the River ,' and yet not be far dillant one from the other , about 60 miles from the Sea, not fo near, that it might he in danger of Surprilal by the Fleets of Forreign Enemies, or be annoyed by the hoyflerous Winds, and unwholefome Va¬ pours of the Sea 5 yet not fo far, but that hy the help of the Tide every twelve hours, ail the Commodities that the Sea or World can alFord , may by Ihips of great burden he brought into her very bofome, nor yet lo far, but that it may injoy the milder, warmer Vapours of the Eallern, Southern, and Wellern Seas ; yct lo far up in the Country, as it might alfo eafily partake even of all the Country commodities; in an excellent air , upon the North fide of the River Cfor'the Villages feated on the South- ipo t^Jepiefent state South-fidea'renotedto be unhealthy, in regard-of the Vapours drawn upon them by theSuo^ burroughei by gentle hills, from the North and South Winds i it lies, in 51 Degree34. Minutes Latitude. The High-ways leading from all parts to this Noble City are.large, ftraightjftnootli, and faii-j no Mountains nor Rocks, no Marflies nor Lakes to hinder Carriages and Paflengers, fo that as Corn may eafily be brought, and Cattel commcdioiilly driven unto it by Land ; fo thofe heavy though nei ceflary Commod ties, Hay and Fuel ate more cheaply conveyed by water .• iti a word all the blelfings of Land andSea near about, and by the benefit of ihipping , all the blelfings of the Tetreftrial Globe, maybe faid to be here injoyed , above any City of the world. . . The City o( LONDON with its Su- burbs and places adjacent, is of avaftex- reiiiion: From- Lime Houfe, meafured to the end of Totbill or Tuttle ftreet, from Baft to Weft, is above 7500 Geometrical paces, that is, above 7 Englilh-Miles and a half; and from the farther end of manfireet iwSouthward , to the end of St. Leonard Shoreditch is zjoo paces, or two Miles and a half. Streets. In this-orear City, the ftreets, lanes ani allyes, ^s they are called , are in number above 5 00, and yer, fome of them above half a meafured mile in length: Dwelling boufes 192 €(jep?efent@tate nySheep, beEdes abundance of Calves,' Lambs, Swine, all forts of Poultry,Fowl, Fifti, Roots Milk, &c. Alfo that cormu- nihus annis to fupply London with Revoci- file Coal, there is brought into the River of Thames tvio hundred and feventy thou, fand Chaldron, and every Chaldron Buftiels. Again the number of Inhabitants may be guefl'ed at by the Burials and Births in Londoni which, inordinary years,;when these h no Pcflilencc , amount of late to Twenty thoufand in a year, three times more then in Amsterdam, and but one loth partlefs then in Paris , as may be feenby the Bills of thefe three Cities. As alfo by the quantity of Beer drank in London in a year , which to all Forreigners will be incredible , for in the year i6Sr} according to exaft computation, there was brewed within that year in London , four hundred fifty two thoufand five hundred fix- ty three Barrels of ftrong Beer, fold at 12 j. 6 d. the Barrel, and five hundred and eigh¬ ty thoufand four. hundred twenty one Bar- relsofAle, fold ati^r. the Barrel, and four hundred eighty nine thoufand feven hundred ninety feven Barrels of Table Beer, orfmall Beer , fold n6s6 d. the Barrel. The Beer ftrong and final! is 36 Gallons to ‘ the Barrel, and the Ale .32 Gallons to the Barrel, and now fince tlie Peftilenceand the Fire, that this City is again fully peo¬ pled, there is much more Liquor brewed. It Par. 2. offnglanU* iPi It is true, that feme he eof is tranfported S ondtheSea,' but that is fcarce confide- k. Befides all this Beer and Alci there conlumed in London, a vaft quantity of French and Spmjh wines, much Rhenifh- wine, Sider, Coffee, Chocolatte, Brandy and other Drinks. The Excife only of Beer and Ale for the City of London (though it be a very mo¬ derate Impofition) is farmed oi- rented of the King at above one hundred and twen - ty thpuland pounds a year, and about on* fourth part of all that Excife throughout EnghinJ, Parffti Churches, befides Chappels churches there were in all 130. that is double the Number of Churches parochial to be found in any City of Chriftendom, the Mother' Church whereof is dedicated to the memo¬ ry of Saint Fiul (the only Cathedral of that Name in Europe) and founded by j*e- bert a Sdxon King , about the year 610, in a place where had flood a Temple dedi¬ cated to T>kni, and afterward enlarged h'f Erkenwxld Foe dth Sdxon Biffiop there¬ of ; and that old Fabrick being almoft de- ftroyed by Fire, Mduritm another Bilhop. of London , in ^ne thoufand eighty three began and finiflied a great part ot trie pre- fent magnificent Pile, in thefpaceof jo years, but the Quire and Tower were not finiihed till ijii , and then it was dedica¬ ted in a moft foleran manner >,as was the K Tern- tirtiep^etent^tate Temple of Solomon ) the King, the Bi- •fliops and a vaft number from- all Parts ol .the Nation aflifting thereat. It is feared onthe higheft part of ail the City , and was more confpicuous perhaps then any Cathedral Church in the World j it was a ftrutture for length, height^nd. antiquity furpaffing all outer Churches^the length thereof was 590 Foot (therein cx> celling by 20 foot., Sr. Peters in p/ne^ which for beauty , proportion and divers ' other things excels all other Templesj it was in height loi foot, and in breadth 130. The Church was built as other Ca¬ thedrals, in a perfeft and in the midft of the Crofs, ^bndhighty high Ar. ches, w-ns a Tower i^;^p>ne ado foot high,. and on that a fpire ofT^imber covered with lead, in height adO'foot more, in all from the grpundizo foot; above which was a ! olepf Goppw Gilt, of 9 foot in compafs, whereon flood the Crofs, ij foot and a half high, and almoft 6 foot a crofs, made of oak, covered with Lead,, and another cover of Copper over the Lead; above all flood the Eagle or Cock of Cop¬ per Gilt , four foot long, and the breadth over the Wings 3 foot anS a half. Intheyear 1^61. a p3i| of this mag¬ nificent Pile was much wafled, and the reft endangered by a fire begun in that ftately Timber SpirCjby the negligence of a Plum* mer, who left his Pan of Fire there;, whileft be went to Dinner, as he confeft of later years on his Death Bed: But by the great j,Bo«cty p4r. 1 ." Of Cnglantj. 19s Bounty and Piety of Queen Elilibethi of the Citizens of London y and of all the Clergy of the Province of Cunterbiir}, it was again repaired in the fpace of Five years. After which, the Stone-work de¬ caying apace, by reafon of the corroding quality of the abundance of Sea-coal fmoak, the Learned and Pious Do^kov LauA com¬ ing to be Bilbop of London, and after of CMttrbuTi, was fo zealous and vigorous, for upholding this moft Ancient Churchy and Stately Monument of Englini,. and glory of the City of London ; that by the Kings favor, and liberal contribution of Godly People ( maugre all oppofition of the PuritinsJ the work was fo eagerly pur- fued, that before the year 1640. the whole Body was finiftied with PortUnd Stone, ex¬ cellent againft all fmoak and weather, and the Tower fcaffolded upto the top, with a purpofe to take it all down, and to rebuild it more fair, and of a greater height, v/itH a ftately Pinnacle at each corner, becaufc the Arches were not thought ftrong enough to fupport another Steeple, and to place in that Tower the biggeft and moft tunable Bells in the World ; For performance whereof, and for adorning the Cjiurch , there was in the Chamber of London, 3 .hov(t One hundred and feventy thoufand pounds ail taken out foon after, and employed in an Unnatural War, by a ftiff necked Peo¬ ple, againft the beft of Kings; in which one fitigle acT: a great part of the Citizens of London, and of the Long PArlignieni, K 1 became i5>5 COe p^efentSfate became deeply guilty of a hori-id Rebelli- on, and detelbhle Sacriledge. After the Murdei'j or rather Martyrdom, of the forementioned Archbidiop, the S'ltaffdlds were taken away and fold, with ftme of the Lead, which covered this fa¬ mous Strufture , and this Houfc of God made a Stable for Horfes by the Difloyal Army, arid alinoft all fuffered to decay, till the 'Ileftauration of the King, who having a pious intent tofetupon therepair thereof again, it was all ruined by the late dreadful Conflagration in 1666, Which yet hath not fo difcouraged our gracious .iving, and the reft of our Church Gover¬ nors, but that in afhorttinie they intend to begin again the repair of the Mother Church of the Mother City of this Kingdom, to the glory of God, and high honor of this City and Nation j for the fpecdy pro¬ moting whereof, both King and Parlia- nen. City and Countrey, Clergy and 3Laiiy,high and low,feem to ftand engaged,- to lend that aid and afliflance. Of the foreraentioned Fire, that was abletoftellfoy fuch a vaft folid Struflure, as the Cathedral of S, Paul, a brief ac¬ count may here be acceptable, cfpecially to Foreigners, who have had jmperfeii: re.'? ■lations thereof. f He City oil Q HD 0 M, within the Walls, was featsd upon , near Four hundred par. 2. of €nglanl)* hundred and fixty Acres of Ground, where¬ on was. built about Fifteen thoufani Houfes , befides Churches, . Chappels^, Hajls, Coliedges, Schools, . and other Publich .Buildings , whereof alwut Four parts of five, were utterly devoured in the late difmal Conflagration, .and about One • part of fi.-e, of the whole City and Sub-- urbs., counting thexs'm ^ IVefiminiier and Southreir\ : There were then deftrryed , Eighty fever. Parochial Churches, Sf'c Confecrated Chappeh, all th: Princip.rl 5 PublichEdifices j as the forenantcd Cathc- . dral of S. .Pauli the great Guild-Hall, wherein are. held Nine feveral Courts be^ longing to the City ; the Royal Exchange^ the CuflomerHp.ufe, moft Halls of Com¬ panies. Citie. whereof the whole damage is alinofl incredible. In that one commodity of Books onely, wherewith London abounded, was loft, as judicious ywr/onerr have computed. One hundred and fifty thoufand pounds ; for the lofsfell moft upon thatj and Three or four other cumberfome commodities, riot eafie, on a fudden to be removedj Winesj Tobacco, Sugars, and Plumbs, wherewith this City was furniihed beyond any City in the World. Yet, in. this vaft Incendy, not above Six or eight perfons were burnt; Of this dreadful Fjre, there were many con¬ current occafions. Firft, The Drunkennefs or Supine rej- ligence of the Bj^er, in whofe Houfe it. began, or ol his Men. K ^ Nextj jps €f)ep?efent^tate Next, The dead time of the night; wherein it began, vi^. between One and two of the Clock after Midnight, when dome were wearied with working, others filled with drink, all in a dead deep. Thirdly, The dead time of the week, being Saturday night, when Traders were retired to their Countrey Houfes, and none but Children or Young Servants left behind. Fourthly, The dead time of all the-year; being then the long Vacation, on the Se- condof September, when Tradefmen were gcncr.illy abroad in the Countrey, fomein the remoteft parts of England^ to fetch in their debts. Fifthly, The clofenefs of the Buildings in that place, facilitating the progrefs of the Fire, and hindring the ufual remedy which was by Engines to fhoot Water. Sixthly, The matter of the Buildings thereabouts, which was generally wooden,, and of old Timber. Seventhly, The long continued drought of the preceding Summer , even to that day, which had fo dryed the Timber, that it was never more apt to take fire. Eighthly, The matter of Wares inthofe parts, where were the greateft Magaiines and Store-houfes of Oyh , Pitch , Tarj. Rozin, Wax, Butter Briraftone, Hemp, Cordage, Cheele, Wine, ifc. ^ Ninthly, An Eallcrnly Wind, the driell of .all other that had continued Jong be¬ fore, and then did blow very flrongly * " Jeiithly, par. 2: ot€nglantj* Tentlily, The unexpefted failing of the Water, the rtovr Water-Tower then out of order, and burnt down , iramediardy after the beginning of the fire, fo thatmoft Water Pipes were foon dry. Laftly, An unufual negligence at firft, and a confidence of eafily quenching the Fire, on a fudden changed into a general confievnation and defpondency, all Peo¬ ple chufing rather by flight to fave their Goods, then by a vigorous oppofitron to fave their Hou'es, and the City. Thefe caufes thus ftrangely concurring, (to fay nothing of Gods jiiil anger, for the notorious impeniterxy of the Citirru', f~ r their abetting and inftigating the fr.vdiUn;^ of the precious innocent Biood , both cf Gods Anointed, and of their other cheift Governors, both in Church and State, for their ftill going on in their old hainous fins ef Defpijing Vominionst and. fpealiing evil of Vignitiet) till thcR' was no remedy) thofe forementioned caufes, fo wonderfully concurring by a general prodigious. Con¬ flagration did make a greater fpoil in the fpace of Three days, vi\. From Sunday morning to Wednefday morning,then Three or four Armies,unrefifted, could probably have done in twice the time •, for (to give the Reader fome little Profpeft of the huge damages done by this Fire) it hath been computed by an ingenious perfon, that there were burnt in all, within the Walls of • this City , Twelve thouland Houfes , and without the Walls, Onethaufand Houles •, . K 4 ali : aoo tli:t)fip^effnt©tare all which valued one with anotherj at no more then zj /. yearly Rent, which at the low rate of Twelve years purchafe, will amount in the whole to Three millions and nine hundred thoufand pounds fterling. Then the Eighty feven Parifti Churches, the moft fpacious Cathedral Church of S, Piul , Six Confecrated Chappels, the Royal Bur[e or ExchavgCj the oreat Guild- Haiti the Cufiome-Houfei the many mag¬ nificent Halls of Companies, thefeveral Principal City Gates, with,other Pub- lick Edifices, may well be valued at Two millions. The Wares, Houlhold-ftuff, Moneys, and other moveable Goods loft and fpbiled by the Fire, may probably amount to Two millions of pounds, fome fay much more. The Money fpent in a general removing of Wares and Goods, during the Pire, and bringing them back afterward^ in the hire of Boats, Carts, r.nd Porters, may be well reckoned, at the ieaft. Two hundred thou- land pounds ; t'e total whereof, is Nine millions, and Nine hundred thoufand pounds, which reduced into French Money, ■will amount unto One hundred twenty eight millions and feven hundred thoufand Livres Tournois. And yet, the Citizens re¬ covering/after a few months, their Na¬ tive Courage , have fince fo chearfully and unanimouliy fet thenifelves to rebuild the City, that within the fpace of four years, they have erefted in the fame ftreets, ten thoufand houfes, aud laid out for the fame, Three. Par. 2. of^^nglanlf: Three millions of pounds fterling , count-- in^but 300/. a houfeone with another: (beddes whole Streets built and nowiuildr ingitithe Suburbs by others :• J as if the. late Fire had-onely purged the City, the Buildings are become infinitely more Beau«^ tifal, more commodious , and more folid ('the three main venues of all Edifices^ then before j nay, as if the Citizens had not been any way impoverifh’d, but rather inrich’t by that huge Conflagrations they may be faid to be even wanton in th ir Expcnces upon the {lately Italian Pacei-^. itu's or Fronts of their new Houfes, (ma* ny of FortUnd ftone, as durable ali. tnoA AS' Mirbie). upon their richly adorn¬ ed Balconies, Signes, Petals, &c. They have-made their Streets mueh^more large and ftraightj and whereas before they dwelt in low, dark, deform. Wooden Cot¬ tages, they now live ih .lofty, lightfomep uniform Brzc{^ Buildings i fo thatalthough our gracious King-cannot fay..of this His- Capital City, .as one of the Emperors faid of Borne, Ldtetitim invent, Hnrmreiim jteliqui, yet. he may fay. of it what is *1- moft equivalent i 'Lignem invent, lite>. rilim reliqui. And.of a Principal Stru- flure of this City, the KoyaF .Exchange, HAMajefty. may fay,. Lmrhim invcni^ Sixem reliqui whereof take.here .this, following brief Account.... ■ J02 ® 5 ep?tRirt®tst* T He former Burfe began to be ereftej in the year rytfd. juft one hundtet} years before it was burnt : it was built at the coft and charges of a noble Mer. chant Sir Thomas Grejhim, and ^ a fo- lemn manner by a Herald and Trumpet, in the prefence and by the fpecial Com¬ mand of Queen Eli\ibeth , proclaimed and named the ROTAL EXCHANGE i it v.ras built moft of Brick, and yerwas the moft fpkndid Burfe (all things confideri ed) that was then in Europe fbefore the building whereof the Burfe for Merchants was 'kept in Lwnbard-fireet'), Now it is built within and without of the forementioned excellent ftone , with fuch curious and admirable Architeftiwe, that it furpafleth all other Burfes, J^ntum lenu. folent inter Viburu the Equjnoftial, and the. Moon , at lull 1 when thefe four, caufes concur* ... (whichis very rare) then the Thumes fwells:, in feme ilacesi oy^ Jts BaaJis, and lTejf-. 203 ^ ODbepiefentetate 5 mhfier is a little endammaged in their Cellars, not in their Chambers and upper Rooms, as the City of Rome fometimes is hythe overflowing of the Tiber, Parit by the Seyne. This River opening Eaftward towards GemiJiy and Rrme is much more ad¬ vantageous for Traffick than any other River of England. To fay nothing of the variety of excellent Fifh within this R i ver, the fruitful fat foil, the pleafant rich Meadows, and innumerable (lately Pala¬ ces on both lides thereof ;• in a word, the Thames feems to be the very Radical moi^ ftureofth'is City, and in fonie fenfe, the natural hcaMoo, for almoft all the Fuel for firing is brought up this River from Nemaflle , Scotland , K^nt , Efex > Itc. From this River the City by water En- gins is in- many places fupplyed with ex¬ cellent wholfome water; alfbfrom almoil twenty Conduits of pure .Spring water ; and moreover, by a new River, brought at a vaft charge and exquifite skill Yby Sirr Hugh Middleton who- deferves his Statue in Brafs) from Ammll and Chad^^ well, two Springs near Ware in Hartford^ ^re, from whence, in a turning and wind-* -ing courfe, it runs threefcore miles, be¬ fore it reaches this City, In feme places the Channel is nec-elfarily thirt' foot deep, in- other places it is carrifd over valcys mare then twenty foot his above ^ound; ia opea-Troujhs.- Over his new* River; Par. 2; ofCnglanli; River are made eight hundred Bridges^ fome of Stone, fome of Brick, and fome of Wood : Six hundred' men have been at once employed in this great work. It was begun i^oS. and finifiied in five years. It fcrves the higheft parts of Lo«rfo» in their lower Rooms, and the lower parts in their higheft Rooms. The yaft TrafBck and Commerce where¬ by this City doth flourifli, maybe giielled at chiefly by the Cuftoms which are paid for all Merchandife imported or exported^ which are but very moderate Impblitions in comparifon of the Impofts of mofto- ther Countries of Europe, and yet the Cuftoms of the Port of London onely a- mount t© above three hundred' thoufand pounds a year : By the infinite number of Ships, whicli by their Mdfts refemble a Foreft as they lye along this ftream, bei fides many that are lent forth every year to carry and fetch Commodities to and from all parts of the known world i whereby it comes to pafs, that no fniall number of Merchants of London, for Wealth, for ftately Houfes within- the City for Winter, and without for Summer^' for rich FurniturCi plentiful Tables, and honorable living, excel fome Princes- in divers of our neighbour Natiohs: Moreover, one may conjeftute at- thd huge Commerce by the infinite number of great well furniftied Shops; which a Sfimri mw obfcningj. together - with go6 ©JfpjrftM&tate the great number of law futes, in Tern} time, made this report of London to his Country, men, that it was indeed a great City, but made up of nothin® but ficndas: y Contiendas , Shops and Sutesr whereas he might rather have faid more truly, in a few more words, vi^, that London is a huge Magazin of Men, Mo¬ ney j Ships, Horfes and Ammunition of alt forts of Coramod!ities neceffary or expedient for the ufe or pleafure of man- hind : that l-ondon is the mighty Rende. vous of Nobitity, Gentry, Courtiers, Ifi* vines, Lawyers, Phyfitians, Merchantf,' Seamen, and all kinds of excellent Artj- ficers, of the moft refined Wits and moil excellent Beauties j for it is obferved that in moft Families of England^ if. there be any Son or Daughter that excels the reft in Beauty or Wit, or perhaps Courage or Induftry, or any other rare quality, ton- ion is their Horth-ftar, and they are ne.vej at reft till they , point direfty thi. 4her. The Goveniment of this City, confi- dering the greatnefs and populouliiefs there^ is very admnable, and. might take Up a Volume in the defeription there¬ of. The Ecclefiaftieal Government is by a Blftiop, was in the time of the Britains hy nn Archbilhop, but when it became fubjeft to the JifxeKr, the ArchiepifcopalSea, nas flased at CdnHrbury, not becai^e that was the. par,?. ofCngl^nU* , 2 th« more worthy Citys but for the faic? of Saint ^ufiin, who hrft preacht the Gofpel - there to the Heathen Saxons,anij;was there, bnried,. Since which time it hath been nn- der a Biftiop above ten Centuries and ^ : half, in a continual fucceflion, in which fpace there are reckoned jfp Biftiops ofLe«*. don to the Prefent worthy Bilhop thereof} , the grave, learned, pious, divine Uoftor flumpbry Henchman coatecmei ^ilhop.of Salisbury 1660, and tranflatei to London ■ i€6^. To his Cathedral ^alib belongs 9 JDean, a Chapter, aTreaflirer and Thirty Brebendaries, all perfons of worth. ■ por the Icclefiaftical Government pf th^ feyeral Parilhes, there are are placed awujp ■ excellent Pi vines, that have the Cute « Souls, aReftor or Vicar for every Parillv, and thefe have for a longtime had the re¬ pute of the moft excellent way of Sermoi, niaing in Chriftendom, infomuch ^s diver? Divines of foreign Reformed Churchie? have come hither on purpofetp le^theii; manner of haranguing in tne j, ^ For maintaining thefe Diyinesywith twif families there is in every Parift a age or Vicaridge houfe, and in moft a, petent allowance in Tithes. Antiently ths Parfonsduein London, befidcs the TftBe?' of the Tradesrtnens Gains, and Mortuarie? Obits, was 3 r. 5 4 - io tli® pown 4 ri| the yearly Rent, of all Houfes and Shops j and this paid as Offerings oo Supd.ayfs and Holidayes onely a half penny foi eacb' poundjwhetebv the ^iftioness did hardiy- feel it, although the-Sunjayes and Holy, dayes were fo many that in a whole year it amounted t6 3 j;, y d. in the pound. After, wards many Holidayes being tafeen awayj and the Clergy Means thereby abated, it was ordained ly H. 8.' that is. 9 d. in the pound of all Rents of Houfes and Shops ftpuld be paid yeai'ly to the Parfon, where- unto the Londoners did noroneiy conferit ("as they had good reafon, it being much lefs in the'pound then before/but bound themfelves by'an Aft of Common Council to perform the fame, and the faid Ordi¬ nance was confirmed in Parliament ijfieni 8, and again 37 He». 8. with a power given to the Lord Mayor to commit to prifon any Citaen that Ihould refufe to pay his (Tythes and Dues- arcord'ing to- that pro^ portion. Bur fihce the Reformation, many men willing to think Tythes a rag of Pope¬ ry, or elfe making no confcience of robbing, Cod, havedevifed many bafe andfraodu, fcntwayes by, double Leafes, by great Fiiies and fm.all Rents, and feveral other yvayes to cheat the Law and their Cod; 8. complaint whereof being made .1:0 King ^mesi6i8. if was declared in his Court of Exchequer by the Barons there, that the Inhabitants of I e»do», and of the Liberties thereof, ought ftill (according to the afore¬ mentioned Afts)-,to:,pay. 2 r. g'd. in-the pound, according , to the true yearly value of the Rent of their Hopfes and Shops from time to time j but the Citizens (who think t 09 o l, not enough for an Al¬ derman Par. 2. of€nglantu icrman or for a Lawyer : and yet lott l. too much for a Pallor of aParifh) oppofing the lame, the bufinefs lies yet unettablifhed, to the great diflionor of the Reformed Re¬ ligion. The Civil Government is not fas it is at Firis, Rome, Midrid, Vienrm, and other Capital Cities) by achiefMagiftratCjfonje Nobleman fet over the City by the King or Supreme Governor; or, as it was herb, in the time of the Romiins, when the chief Magifirate was called (as it is Hill in Kome jthe PrefeU of London, or, as it was in the time of the Saxons , when he was called the Portgreve, that is, Cufios or Guardian, and fometimes Provofl of Lon¬ don, but after the coming in of the Nor¬ mans, the chief Magim-ate was called Bailivc (from the Frbnch.word Ba/Ker, tr»- iere, commitPtre)' that is Commijfitrius;ot one that hath Commiflion to govern others^ and there were fometimes two Bailiffs of London, till King Rich. I. .Anno changed the mme of Bailiff into which alfo, being derived from the FrenC%.! ' hath continued ever fince, a Citizen chtj.,- fen by the Citizens annually, unlefs fomci’ times for the dill )y ally of the Citizens, their , Priviledges and Franchifes have been takea from them, and a Guardian fet over them, as was done by Hen. III. and Edw. I. Of latter times, the Mayor of London, though alwayes a Citizen and Tradefman hath been of fuch high repute and efteetn that in all writing and fpeaking to him, the 210 ©tiep^efent State the Title of Lord h prcfixt, which is give to none others, but either to Noblemeti toBiihops, Judges, and of later times t( the M^or of Tgrii, or to foine of the hlg[|. eft Officers of the Realm, He is alfofoi hit great Dignity ufually knighted by th« King, before the year of hk Mayoralty k expired. His Table is, and alfs the Table ofeacli Sheriff, fuch, that it is nor only open all the year to all commers, ftrangers, and others, that are of any quality, but fo well furnifh- ed, that ins always fit to receive thegteau eft Subjeft of EngUnd, or of other Poten¬ tate j nay, it is recorded, that a Lord May¬ or of London hath feafted four Kings at ©nee at his Table, His domeftkk Attendance is very honp^ raBlt, he.hath feven Offietra that wait on him 3 who art reputed Efquires by their places, that is, the Sword-bearer; the Common Hunt, who keepeth a gallant Kennel of Hounds for the Lord Mayors Re¬ creation abroad; the Common Cryer, and four Water Bailiffs. There is alfo the Co¬ roner, three Sergeants Carvers, three Ser¬ geants of the C-nanaber, a Sergeant of the Channel, four Yeomen of the Water fide, one Under water Bailiff, two Yeomen of the Chamber, three Meal-weighers, two Yeomen of the Wood -wharfs, Moft of which have their fervants allowed them, and have Liveties for them- felves. par. 2. efCnglattbf His State and Magnificence is remark¬ able, when he appears abroad, which is ufually on horfe-back with rich caparifbn, iiimfelf alwayes in long Robes, fometimes^ of fine Scarlet cloth richly farred, fome- times Purple, fometimes Puke, with a great Chain of gold about his neck, with many I !Officers walking before, and on all Sdes of him, &c. but more cfpecially oi» the ip.of October when he goes to Jf'efimin- fler in his Barge, accompanied with all the Aldermen, all his Officers, all the feveral Companies or Corporations in their feveral Ikteiy Barges, with their Arms, Colours, and Streamers; and having there in the Ex¬ chequer Chamber taken his folemn Oath to betrue to the King, returns ifl like man¬ ner to Guild-Hdlt that is the great Com- njon Hall of Guilds or incorporated'CoBi fraternities, where is prepared for him an J his Brethren a nioft fumptuous Dinner, toi which many of the great Lords and Ladies, and all the Judges ©f the Land are in¬ vited. This great Magifirate upon the Death of the King, is faid to be the prime perfonof EngUnd ; and therefore when King ^mes was invited to come and take the Crown of Englund, Robert Lee, then LordMAYOR of London fubferibed in the firft place, be¬ fore all the great Officers of the Crown, and ail the Nobility. He is ufually chofen on Michielmorday, out of the z5 Aldermen, all perfons ©f treat wealth and wifdom. m 211 an C&e p^efent ©rate His Authority reaches not only all ovei this great City, and a part of the Suburbs but aJfo on the famous River of thmti Eaftward as far as Teniile or yenleeu anil the mouth of the River Medrvay^ and Weft, ward as far as Colny ditch above Stms Bridge. He hath power to punbhand cor. reft all that ihall annoy the Stream, Banfe, or Filb, onely the ftrength and fafety of the River againft an Invafion,and fecuring Mer¬ chandizing and Navigation by Blockhcu- fes,Forts,or Caftles is rite Care of the King. To the Lord Mayer and the City of Uv- i»n belong divers Courts of Judicaiute of high importance. 1 he higheft and qioft antient Court is that called the Hullings (i.e.) J>omus Caufarum, which doth pie^ Icrve the tawes, R^hts, Franchifcs, and Gaftoms of the City. There is a Court of Reqpefts or Confcience. The Court ttf the iordMayor and Aldermen, where alfo^lw Recorder and SherifFs/it. Two Courts of the Sheriffs, one for each Counter, The Court of the City Orphans, whereof the Mayor and Aldermen have the cuftody. The Court of Common-Council confift- ing (as ther?rlianientofEBjg/dHdj of two Houles, one for the Lord Mayor and Aldermen , and the . other for the Com¬ moners: in which Court are made all By-laws which bind all the Citizens of London ; for every man either by himlelf, or by his Reprefentative gives his Afient ^ thereunto, wherein confifts the great hap- ' pinefs of the Englilh. Subject above all the Sub*: par. 2. ofCnglauD* aij Subjefts of any other Prince mthryTotld, that neither in Laws nor By-laws, neither in Taxes or Impofts, any man is obliged, [nit by his own confent. There is another Court of the Chamberlain of the City, to whom belongs the Receipts of the Rents, and Revenues of the City, and to his Court the bufinefs of Apprentices, over whom he hath a great authority. To the Lord May¬ or alfo belongs the Courts of Coroner, and of Hfcheator, and another Court for the confervation of the River of Thames. faftly, the Court of Goal-delivery held ufuallyeight times a year at the Old-Baily^ both for the City and Middlesex, for the Tryal of Criminals, whereof the Lord Mayor is the chief Judge; and hath power of reprieving condemned perfons. There are other Courts called Ward¬ mote, or the meeting of Wards , whereof there are 25 in the whole City : In which Court inquiry is made into all things that can conduce to the regulating and well go¬ verning of the City. Alfo the Court of . Hall mote, or Affembly of every Gild or Fraternity for regulating what belongs to each Company in particular. The Traders of London ^re divided into Companies, or Corporations, and are fo many Bodies Politique .• Of thefe there are 12 , called the chief Companies, and he that is chofen Lord Mayor muft be free of one of thefe Companies, which are i Mercers, 2. Grocers, 3. Drapers, 4. pifhmongers, 5, Goldfmiths, 6. Skin¬ ners, 514 de#fent©tate ners i 7. Merchant-Taylors, 8. Haber; dafhers, 9, Salters, iq. Ironmongers, n, Vintners, i z. Clothwoikers: All which Companies have Affembly places called Halls, which are fomanyBalilikesorPa, laces, and many of them worthy to be viewed by all Strangers. It hath been the cuftomof fomeof our Kings, to honour fomel'bf thefe Companies by taking their freedom thereof,- and the prefent King was pleafed to be made free of the Company of Gfocers,and the prefent Prince of OrengCy lately chofe to be made free of the Com- parly of Drapers. There are befides near do other Compa. niss , or Corporations, all enjoying large Priviledges by the Kings Gracious Char- ter, granted unto them, and fair Halls to meet in: For the fecurit^ and defence of this fa- mbus City and River, there have been an- tiently divers Fottrell'es; but that called the Tozmer of London , hath b^a.eminent- above all othets; It is not Fortor- Cittadel, to defend and com^hd both City^and River , but a Palace, where our Kings with the^'-'Conrts have femetimes lodged; a Royal Arfenal,where arc Arms and Ammunition for doooo Sol¬ diers; the Treafiiry for the Jewels and Or¬ naments of the Fnglifli Crown; the only Mint for coyning of Gold, and Silver; the great Archive where arc conferyed all the Records of the Court of JVejiminJier •, thcchiefPrifonfor thefafe cuftody of great Perfons ofiEnglanli* 2 [perfcns that are Criminal: in Ihort, ifth e great extent thereof within the Walls be conlidered , and its authority over the ie- veral Hamlets without, and the many high Priviledges and Liberties belonging 'thereto, it may rather be reputed a City then a Cittadel. The Tower ofLoadonisoutof all Coun¬ ty or Parifli (only a fmall part, fome hol 4 ; to be in Middlesex) is a liberty of it felf I exempt from all Taxes to the King, to the Church , or to the Poor. It hath a Pa¬ rochial Church , exempt ftom all Ecclefi- aftical Jurisdiftion of the Archbilliopjand is a Donative bellowed by the King with¬ out Inftitution or Induftion. There are Thirteen Hamlets in feveral Parilhes, of Urge extent, belonging to the Tower,’ whofe Trainbands are all bound toalfift the Conilable or Lieftenant of the Tower , they are all called the Kings Company, j are- to wait on the Kings perfon in time of-aeed, lnd to go no farther than the King. Within the Tower is kept the Office of Mailer of the'Ordnance, called \niuntet le grind. Miftre de I'Jrtillerie fo calledjtffr me telorummittendorum) and hath been alwayes an Office of great Account and Importance, commonly conferred on per- fons of greatemihency and integrity. It hath the ordering of thatgrand Magazin therelodged, wherein, and at the Minories, fVoolrvich, and Ckitham is Ammunition at, all times for as many Land and Sea forces I ^Jep^efent State 9 s iftay not onely defend EngUnd, but be formidable to all our Neighbours. The place of Mailer of the Ordnance, is, fince the deatb of that accomplifned Gentleman Sir William Compton, executed by Cominiffioners, vi^. by the Lord fohn Berlilejii now Lord Lieutenant of Irdani,' Sir '^ohn Duncomb Knight, and Tborm Chichdy Efquire. Lieutenant of the Ordnance, is David Walter Efquire, and Groom of his Maje- fties Bed-chamber, and the Pay-.nafler i: Captain George Wharton; Surveyor is ^onasMore Efquire; Keeper of the Stores is Riihard March Elquirej Clerk of the Ordnance is Richard Sherborn Efquire; Clerk of the Deliveries is Ge«rge C/erjj; El- quire. Under which feveral Officers there are many Officers and Servants, for brevity I fake to be pafled over. The forementioned Commiffioners have the charge and fuperintendence of all the Ordnance, Arms ofFenfive, Ammunition of War by Sea and Land. The Lieutenant of the Ordnance is Trea- fnrer, doth receive and disburfe all moneys touching this Office, The Surveyor of the Ordnance doth fu- pervifeall Arms. Clerk of the Ordnanqe is to record all Orders touching that Office, Keeper of the Stores is to have the cu- ftody of all the Arms oflTenfive. Clerk of theDcliveries takes Indentures for all Stores iflued out. All Par. a. ^EnsUnD. 217 All thefe hold by Patent immediately from the King. All Inferior Officers and Artificers pla¬ ces, are in the gift of the Mafter, or Cora- iniffioners of the'Ordnance. Moreover, in the tower is kept the of¬ fice of V'arden of the Mint, where onely, of later times, is minted all the Bullion that is minted in Englind. The Warden of the Mint is a very con- fiderable charge, and is at prelent Sir thony St. Leger. Mafter Worker is Htnry SUngdyECquhi^^ Comptroller is 'fxrnes Hore Erquire. Thefe hold by P.atent of the King. AlTay-Mafter to try the pureneft of the Mettal, is Mr. ^obn Brittle. Surveyor of the Meltings, and Clerk of the Irons, ishU'.Thomitt SwiHow. There is moreover, .a Weigher, a Teller, and a Graver ^ all which five I aft named Officers hold alfo by Patent from the King, but are to be apnroved by the three firft Commiffioned Officers, in whofe cuftpdy is all Money or Bullion brought in by the Subjeft. There are befides many other Inferior Officers and Servants belonging to the Mint. The office of His Majefties Records, kept in the Tower of London, is of venerable Antiquity, and the place of Keeper, and Deputy of the fame, dignified with fpecial truft, svhereof Sir Algernon M^y Knight, is at prefent the Keeper, falary 500 1 . per L annum j , 2.1 3 t:i3ep?erent0tatc unnum ; and fVillim Ryle} Efquu-ej of the In>ter Temple, is Deputy thereof. This place is properly in the Mafter of theRo'ls his gift; and then His Majefty :.by His Letters Patents, hath ui'ually con¬ firmed ir. As the Chappel of the Rolls in Chmeery. line, and Pcsty-B.t^ office, doth fill with Records out of other Offices, they are tranfmitted into the Torycr afterfome years, for it hath been the wifdom and care of former Ages, to fend-the Records of feve- ral Courts to the Tower ; for their prefer- vation and fafety, not onely as a Policy of Stare , but the particular Intereft of all Men, having Eflates rttiuiring it, there being many precedents for it remaining in the Records of rhe Tower ; and a parti- ciliar Pot m of a Writ to fend the Records in the Chappel of the Rolls to the Tower of London. The Records cf the Tower (a- '•longlt other things ) contain the Foun¬ dations of Abbeys, and other Religious Houfes, and the Records in the Rolls contain the difl'oltition of thofe Abbeys, and the donatimof the Lauds, of which, many Families are now pod'efl ; and if thole Records'were all in one place, the people might have accefs unto them , all iinder one and the fame f.-arch and charge, which would 1 e a greauafe and benefit to the people, and a fafeiy to the Records of this Nation, Belides, Par. 2. Of CnglanlK Befides thefe Records at the Rolls bei ig joyned to thofe in theTomr, will make a perfeft continuance of all the Ancient Rights of the Nation , which are now fct forth in the Records of the Torn’r, whereof thefe following are a few heads or particulars of them, vi^. The Leagues of Foreign Princes, and the Treaties with them, Ani all the Atchievemsnts of this Na¬ tion i:i Frtyice, and other Foreign Parts. The Original of all- the Laws that have been Enafted or Recorded, until the Reign of Riclhird the Third. The Homage and Dependency of Sioi- Uni upon RniUni- The Efiabiifhment of Irclinl, m Laws- and Dominions. The Dominion of the BritiJJ) Sens, to¬ tally excluding both the French and Hol~ Under to Fiili therein , without Licence fvomEnglanU proved by Records betore the Conqueft. Thclntereftof the I fie of Man, and the Ifles of Gcrnfey, Sar^, and AU derny •, svhich four laft are the remaining partof the ATorKW/i poffeflion. The Title to the Realm of France, and how obtained. And all tiiat the Kings or Princes of this Land, have until that rime done .abroad, or granted or confirmed unto iheir SiibieCis at'home or abroad. L i Te.u:res .:%%9 State Tenures of all the Lands in Ertglini, Extents or Surveys of Mannors and l ands, Inquifitions, poji mof^cm, being of infinite advantage upon tryals of Jntereft orDef- . ceitt, liberties and Priviledges granted to Cities and Towns Corporate, or to private Men; as Court-Leets, Waiffs, Eftrays, Mercats, Fa:irs, Free- warren. Felons Goods, or what elfe could come to the Crown, or pafs out of it. Several Writs, Pleadings, and Proceed- ifigs, as well in Chancery, as in ail the Courts of Common Law, and Exchetjiier. Tnfpcximta’s and Inrolments of Charters and Deeds, made and done before the Con- quell, Deeds and Contr.tcls between party and party, a.nd the jufteftabliihnient of all the (' flices in the Nation. The Metes and Boniids of all the Forefls in Englind, with the feveral refpeclive Rights of the Inhabitants therein to Cora- nion of Pafture, eir'e. Befides many other Priviledges and Evidences, which are too long to be here repeated or inferted. And are therefore in the Petition of the Commons of E«g/.tn^ in Parliament, Jr. 46 Ef/w.3. 45. faid to be the perpe¬ tual Evidence of every Mans right, and the Records of this Nation, without which no ftory of the Nation can be written cr proved. Thefe Records are repofited within a ccr- tai 1 Place or Tower , called iVakopoli TiiTfcr, pir.i; or€ngIant^* foTper , adjoyning to the Bloody Torven near Tnytors Giite, There is another place called ^ulim Ctsfurs Chappei in the IVinte Tomer : The going up to this Chappei, is in CoU Hirbor, Eighty four Steps up, with Six or. eight great Pillars on each liile, and at the upper end thereof, there was a Mar¬ ble Altar;: which in the late times of Re¬ bellion, wascaufed to be beaten down, as a Monument of Tyranny and Superili- tion. There are man)r Cart load of Records lying in this plate, out of which, IVilimm Prynne Elquire, late Keeper of th.-i.tnie, with indefatigable labor. Collected and Printed many of Publick Utility. Annii:, 16^9, i< 5 do, 1662, idanernarli,Gl‘c^ , and to Every Tuefday , to the tinltedUether- lands, Germany, <&c. And to all parts of - England, Scotland, and Ireland. Every Wednefday, to f(,ent onely, and • the Pawns. Every Thurfday , to France, Sfain, - Ttaly,inA ail parts of and Scot-' land. Every Friday, to the SpdnijJ} and ^United ' Netherlands, Germany , SwedenPane-^ - tnarfi, and to l^c'nt, . Every Saturday, to all parts of l^ngland, Scotland, And. u €:tjepieUttt state And the Anfwers of the faid Letters and Pacquets, are received in the faid Office in due Courfe; And from thence difpeifed, and delivered according to their wfpeftive direftionsj with all expedition. The faid Office is managed by a Deputy^ and other Officers, to the number of Se- venty fcven Perfons; who give their aftual attendance refpeftively in the difpatch of the bufinels. Upom-this Grand Office depends One , hundred eighty two Deputy Poft-Mafters in England and Scotland; moft of which, Leep Regulat Offices in their Stages, and Sab-Poft-Mailers in their-Branches; and alfo in Ireland , another General Office for that Kingdom, which ’is kept in Dub¬ lin,con^^ing of Eighteen like Officers,and- Forty five Deputy Poft-Mafters. Theprefent Poll-Mafler General ketps conftantly for the tranfport of the faid leStrersand Pacquets. (France, TwoPacquet- 1 Boats. Flanders, Two Pac>- quet-Boats. llrelaM', Three Pac- v. quet-Boats. And at De'al, Two Pacquet-Boats for the D^ns.: All which Officers, Poft-Mafters, Pac- quet-Boats, arc maintained at his own pro¬ per charge, . ■ And par; 2^ of€nglanW* And as the Mailer piece of all thofe good regulations^ eftablilhed by the pre- fent Poft-mafier General, for the better government of the laid office , he hath an¬ nexed and apropriated the Market Towns' of EngUnd 5 fo well to the refpeftive Poft- llages, that there is no confiderable Mar¬ ket-Town , but hath an eafy and certain' Conveyance for the Letters thereof to and from thefaid grand office,in ehe due Courfe of the Mailes every Poll. Note alfo, that all Letters are conveyed with more expedition and lefs charges then in any forreign Country. A Letter containing a whole Iheet of Pa- per is conveyed 80 miles- for 2 d. z flieets 4 d. '■ and an ounce-of Letters but 8 d. and that ill fo Ihort a time by night as well as by day, that every 24 hours, the Poft goes 120 miles, and in 5 dayesj an an- Iwerof a Letter maybe had from a place jco miles dillantfrom the Writer, More¬ over if any Gentleman defires to ride Poft- to any principal Town of EngUnd , Poll- Horfes are alwayes in readinefs Ctaking no Horfe without the confent of his owner ) which in other Kings reigns was not duly obferved ; and only 3 d. is demanded for every Englilh mile, and for every Stage to the Poll boy 4 d- for condufting, . Befides this excellent convenience of con¬ veying Letters and Men on Horfeback^ there is of late fuch an admirable commo- dioufnefs both for Men and Women of bet- rank to travel from tcjJdOBj to alnioft “ ' aay any great Town oi England', and^ to aL moft ail the Villages near this great City, that the like hath not been known in the World, and that is by Stage Coaches, wherein one may be tranfported to any place, iheltredfrom foul-weather and foul ways 3 free from endamaging ones health or body by hard jogging, or over violent motion3 andthis notonely ata low price, as about a ftiilling'for every 5 miles, but with luch velocity and fpeed > as that the Polls in fome forreign Countryes make not more miles in a day, for the Stage Coa^ chc3 called flying Coaches make Forty or Fifty miles in a day, as from London to Qx- fdrdorCambridge, ■znitha.t in the fpace of Twelve hours, not counting the, time for Dining, fetting forth not too early, and coming in not too late. This office is now k^pt hiBiJhopfgate-fireet, €f the Kings great Wardrobe^ T His Office was ufually kept within the City, near Puddle Wharfe, in an antient Houfe built by Sir ^ohn Beau¬ champ, S'on to Guy de Beauchamp, Earl of Wdrxficl{, and afterward fold to King Edward the Third. The Mafter or Keeper of the Great War- ■ ■ dsobe- p^r. 2; of 3^31 ^robe-isan office, of. great Aatiquity-and Dignity. ^ High Privilcdges and Immupities were conferredby■ Henrj' the Sixth, and cgH" urmed by his fucceflbrs. King en- larged the fame, and ordained that this' Great Officer Ihould be an incorporation ■ or Body Politique for ever, His Office is to make Provifions for Coronations, Marriages, and Funerals, to furniih -the Court with Beds, Hangings , Carpets', and other neceflaries; to furni/b. • Houfes for Ambafladors at their firll ar¬ rival herej Prefents for Foreign Princes and Ambafladors, Cloaths of Eltate, and other furniture forthe Lord Lieutenant of Ireland} ■ Lord Prefident oi Wales, and all His Ma- jefties Ambafladors abroad, to provide all Robes for Foreign Knights of the Garter,for the Officers of the Garter, iCoats for He¬ ralds and Pul'fuivants at Arms, Robes for the Lord Chancellor, Lord Treafurer,G'c, Rich Liveries for the two Lords Chief Juf- tke , all the Barons of the Exchequer, di¬ vers Officers in thole Courts, all Liveries for His Majefties domeftick fervants: 'all linnen for the Kings perfon, To defray all the forementioned charg¬ es j ordinarily there is expended yearly,,, about twenty fivethoufand pounds, befides all Extraordinaries., as CoroiTT.tions, Fu¬ nerals, {Ij’c. This Office ‘is at prefent enjoyed by Ei- %iAri Mintaguci oandmeh, one of i. €S)ep?eCem^tate of HisMaJefties raoft Honourable Privy Council, and Knight of the mofi Noble Order of the Garter. The prefent Salary to his Lordfliip in compenfation of all other antient Fees and Allowances is yearly zoob 7 . Thefaid Houfenear Pa^/i/e Wharfe was long agoannext for ever to the Mailer of' this Office i but fince the great Fire this Offi'Ce is kept in the Slvoy, The chief Officers under the Matter are, a Deputy, Thomis Tovi>»[end Senior, Efqj, his Salary 200 /. and a Clerk, Thoms J^ownfend Junior,¥C l\; whofe Salary in com¬ penfation of all Fees and Allowances is yearly 300/, Both thefe Officers had likewife fair dwelling houfes, which were alfo confumed by the fire. Belonging to this Office are divers' 'Tradefmen, Artificers , and others, to the number of about qo all fworn Servants to the King. To this Office have lately been added by Patent-, duringpleafure, two confiderable Officers, vi^, a Camrouler,Jndrew Hcw- porr Efquire, Brother to the Lord Rerv-- port‘j and a Surveyour, Colonel BuUen Aey«ej-,whofe Salaries arc 390/. yearly to* each one. OftheColkdgesin London^ ~ T He Famous City of LONDON may’ not unfitly be ttiled an Llniver- ffiy par. 2, of€nglanD* fity, for therein aretaught all Liberal Arti and Sciences, not onely Divinity , Civil LawjPhyfick,which in other Uni verfities are ufual, are read here, but alio the Muni¬ cipal or Common Law of the Nation is here taught, and Degrees taken therein, which can be faid in no other Nation: Moreover all forts of Languages, Geo¬ graphy , Hydography , the Art of Na¬ vigation 5 the Art of Fortification , Ana¬ tomy , Chirurgery , Chymillry, Calli¬ graphy , Brachygraphy, or Short Hand,, the Arts of Riding, Fencing, Dancing, Art Military , Fire-works, Limming » Painting, Enamelling, Sculpture , Archi- tefture, Heraldry , all forts of Mufick ^ Arithmetick, Geometry, Aftronomy, Grammar, Rhetorick, Poetry, and any other thing that may any w.ay contribute, to the accprapliihment of an ingenious No¬ bleman or Gentleman. The Colledaes of Municipal or Cora- ' mon-Law Ptofeiibrs and Students, are I4; called ftill rnner, the old Engliifi word for Houfes of Noblemen cr Bifliops, or of extraordinary note , and which is of the fame figniGc-etinn wirh the French word Hojlcl at Ihce r.r. 'j'v/o Inns of Sergeants, Four' Inns 0*' Co.'.rt, and Eight Inns of Chan¬ cery. The Inns of Chancery were probably fo named; becaufe there dwelt fitch' Clerks as did chiefty ftudy the forming- of,Writs, which regularly appertain to the C(je|);efent©tate »lie Curfitors that are Officers of Cha'n: eery. The firfl: of thefe is called Tba- i}ies Inn , begun in the Reign of Ed- Wiiri the Third , and fince purchafed by Lincolnslm, as was alfo Farnm/j Inn, then there is Bernirds Inn , New Inn , Clentenu Inn , Cliffords Inn.j antiently the Houfe of the Lord Clifford, Suplelm belonging to the Merchants of the Staple; and inn, antiently a common Inn withthe Sign of the Lyon. Thefe were heretofore preparatory Col- fedges for younger Students 5 and many were entred here, before admitted into the Inns of Court,' Now they are for the moll part tprfcn up by Attorneys, Sollicitors and Clerks, who have here their Chambers apart, and their Dyet at a very eafy rate in a Hall , together where they are obliged to appear in grave long Robes, .and black round knit Caps. Thefe Colledges belong all to fome Inns of Court, who fend yearly fome of their Barreften to read to to thefe. . In thefe Inns of Chancery one with another, may be about Sixty perfons. The Innes of Court were fo named , as fome think, becaufc the Students there¬ in are to ferve the Courts of Judica¬ ture ; or elfe becaufe antiently thefe Col¬ ledges received ondy the Sons of Noble men, and better fort of Gentlemen, as Fortefcue affii'nicth. Of Par. 2.' ofUEnglantJ* of thefe there are Four : Firft, The Two Temples, heretofore the dwelling of the Knights Templets, and purchafed by fome ProfelTors of the Common Law, above Three hundred years ago. They are tailed The Inner and Middle Temple, in relation to EffexHoufe, which was a past of the Knights Templers, and called The Utter Temple t becaufe it isfeated without Temple Bar. The two other Inns of Court are L/n> Inn, belonging anciently to the Earls of Lincoln ; and Greys Inn belonging to the Noble Family of the Greys. In the Reign of Henry the Sixth, thevfo flourilhed, that there were in each of mfc about Two hundred Students, and a Stu¬ dent then expended yearly about to/.’ Which was as much as Two hundred pounds now; for they had ufually (as the Trench Nobles have now in their Acade¬ mies) eveiy one an old difcreet SeiygnC and divers Maftets for to inllrudl: them ifi; all laudable qualities; and therefore, faith the fame ForJc/cae, Jlltra Studium legume [unt qudfi Gymnafix omnium mortm. And. the Students were onely, faith he, Hobili~ urn Filii, that is, Gentlemen, at leaft- for lo the woriMobtlh wasthen taken here, and is {li!l in France And therefore by command of King fames, noneweretobe admitted into theie Colledgcs, but Gen¬ tlemen by defeenr. Our Anceftors thought thofc of inferior rank, would rather debafe the honor of the Law^ and would be prone 2^6 COepicfent^tate to chianc, or play tricks, and not like to befo fit for Trufts and Honors, whereas the conficleration of Birth and Fortune, makes Men more careful of riieir Honor and Reputation. Thefe Societies are no Corporations, nor have any Judicial Power over their Members, but have certain Orders among themfelves, which have, by confent, the Force of Laws: For lights.r offences they areonely excommoned, cr put cut of Com¬ mons, not to eat with the ieft; and for greater offences they lofe their Chamber', and are expelled the Colledge j and being once expelled, they are never received by any of the Three other Societies. Which deprivation of- Honor to young generous Spirits, is more grievous then perhaps de¬ privation of life. Thefe alfo, when they meet at Chappei or Hall, or at Courts of Juftice, weara ^r‘#Ve black Robe and Cap, at other times \valk with Cloak and’Sword. There are no Lands or Revenues belong to thefe Societies, which being no Corpo¬ rations, are not enabled to piirchafe, nor Have they any thing for defraying the charges of the Houfe, but what is paid at Admittancesand Quit-Rents for their Chambers. The whole Company of Gentlemen in each Society, may be divided into Four parts, Benchers , Utter Barriffers, Inner Barrifters, and Students. Benchers are the Seniors, to whom is ■' committed. par. or CnglanDv aj; committed the Government, and ordering c/f the whole Houfe; and out of thefe, is thofen yearly a Treafurerwho receiveth, disburfeth, and accounteth for all Moneys belonging to the Houfe. litter Barrifters arefuch , as, For their Learning and Standing, are called by the Benchers to plead and argue in the Society doubtful Gales and Queuions, which are called Afootx ("from meeting the old i’ixon word for the French j4{femble, orelfefrom the French Mot a. word.) And whilell they argue the faid Cafes, they fit uttermoft on the Forms or Benches, which thcy.callthe Bar. Out of thefe Mootmen are chofen Read¬ ers for the Inns of Ch^ncer^, belonging to the Inns of Courts whereof they are Mem¬ bers ; where in Term time, and grand Va¬ cations they argue Cafe, in the prefence of Ar-nrncys and Clerics. Ail the reft are accounted Inner Bar¬ rifters, who for want of Learning or Time, are net r ., argue in thefe Moots •, and yet in a Moot before the Benchers, two of thefe Inner ’Barrifters fitting on the fame Form with the Utter Barrifters, do for their Ex- ercifes recite by heart the pleading of the fame Moot Cafe in Law French which Pleading is the Declaration, at large, of the laid Moot-Cafe; the one ■t.iking the part of the Plaintiff, and the other of the Defendant. The year alfoamongft them, is divided into three parts, The Learning Vacation. the 238 piefent ©tate the Term-times , and the dead or mean Vacation. They have two Learning VacationSj vi^, Lent-Vacation , which begins the firft Monday in Lent , and continueth three weeks and three days; and Summer Vaca¬ tion, which begins Monday after Lmmm- dty, and continueth alfo three weeks and three days. In thefe Vacations are the greateft Conferences and Exercifes of Study ia manner following. The Benchers appoint the eldeft litter Barrefter to read amongft thcirtopenly in the Hall, whereof he Lath notice half a year before. He then, the firft day about eight of the clock makes choice of fome Ador Statute, whereupon he grounds his whole Reading for that Vacatio", and de¬ clares fuch mifehiefs and inconveniencies as were unprovided before the fame Aft, and now are provided by the faid Aft, and then reciteth certain Doubts and Quefti- ons, which he bath devifed, that may grow upon the faid Statute, and declareth his Judgment therein : After which, one of the younger Utter Barrefters repeateth one Qneftion propounded by the Reader, and doth by way of Argument labor to prove the Readers opinion to be againft Law ; and after him, the Senior litter Barrefter and Readers, one after another., accord¬ ing to Seniority, dodeclare their Opinions and Judgments in the fame : And then tbe Reader, who did put the Cafe, endeavoreth to to confute Objeftions laid againft himi and to confirm his own Opinion: After , which^ the Judges and Sergeants, if any beprefent, declare their Opinions; then the youngeft Utter Barrefter again re~ hearfeth another Cafe, which is profecuted as the former was. And this Exercife con^ tjnueih daily about Three or four hours. Out of thole who have read once in the Slimmer Vacation, and are Benchers, is chofen always one to read in Lent, who obferves the like manner of Reading, as before isexpreiled. Out of thefe Readers ufually the Ser- geants are chofen. The mamer of Mooting in the Innes of Court, is thi/s. f N thefe Vacations after Supper in the Hall or, after Drinking on Fafting- nights, the Reader with one or two of the Benchers comes in, to whom one of the Utter Barrefters propounds foine doubtful Cafe ; which being argued by the Benchers, and laftly, by him that moved the Cafe, the Benchers (It down on the Bench , at the nppir end of the Hall, v/hcnce they arc called Benchers: And upon a Form, in the middle of the Hall, fit two Inner Bar- relicts; and on both fides of them, on the lame Form, fitteth one Inner Barrefter, who doth in L.:',v Frcneb declare to the Benchers 240 C()epiefcnt^tatc Benchers (' as Sergeants at the Bar in the Kings Courts to the Judges) feme kindeof Aftion j the one being, a5 it were, retained for the Plaintiff, and the other for the Defendant: Which ended, thetwo Utter Barrefters argue fuch QuelHons, as be difputable within the Cafe. After which, the Benchers do likewife declare their Opi. nions, how they take the Law tobeinthofc Queftions, in thefe Mootings, the Junior always argueth lirft, as isufed amongftthe Judges in the Exchequer Cbmber , and amongft the Sergeants in open Courts of Judica- tUTc. The Innerand Utter Barrelter plead here in Liiw French, and the Benchers in and at the Readings, the Readers Cafes are put in En^lifi, Mootings in the Inns of Chan¬ cery, ‘Sre thus. J N the Learning Vacations, each U'ter Barrefier, who isaReaderin the Inns of Chancery, go with two Students of the fame Inn of Court,to the Inn of Chancery, where he is appointed to Read, and there meet him commonly two of each Inns of Court, who fitting as the Benchers do in the Inns of Court at their Moots, they hear and argue his Cafe. In the Four r»«.r of Chancery that are fiuiated in Holborn, the Moots are read, either Par. 2. Of ■either by thofe of Greys Inne or lincilnt Inne , the others by the two Templets. In Term time, the only Exercites of Learning, is arguing and debating Caies* after Dinner, and Mooting after Supper , in the fame manner as in the Vacation time. The time between the learning Vacations and Terms, is called the mean Vacation, during which time every day after Dinner, Cafes are argued, as at other times; and after Supper , Mootes are brought in and pleaded by the Inner Barrefters, in the prefence of the llutter Barrefter, v hich lit there in the Room of the Benchers, and argued by them, as the Benchers do in Term time and learning Vacation. The Mamer of l^eeping a Chrijl- mas in any of the Innes of Courts thus. T He Students hold a Parlamenfc be¬ fore Chrtfttna^,a.nA in cafe there be iii tendon no Pedjlence , and that the Houle isfurnilhed with fuch a number of Stu¬ dents,, and of fuch quality as are meet to keep a folemn Chriflmas; then are cho- fen and appointed certain of the Students to be Officers, in imitation of the Kings Court, as Comptroller, ^Treafurcr 5 &c. 241 342 p^efent State Thete bear rule in the Houfe during the whole time of Chriftmas ; and are to be- , have themfelves in that Port, Gravity, and Authority, as if they were, fo in the Kings Houfe, that fo hereafter, they may know the better t9 behave themfelves in cafe they ihould be promoted to that Ho- nour : for thefe Gentlemen are ufually ol fjch quality , as come not hither tvith in¬ tent to profefs the Law, but to learn fo much Law, as may be neceffary to pre- ferve their Eftates , and to make them- felvcsaccomplilht in other qualities , ne- ccflaiy for Gentlemen. Atfuchtime, they have here divers dl- vcnifcments, as Feafting every day, fing- jng, dancing, Mufick which laft is allowed there to all- Comers,and is fo exceffive.that what the Dicers allow out of each winning to the Butlers box,ufually amounts to above 50 /. a day and night , wherewith , and a ' ftiall contribution from each Student, are the great charges of the whole Chrift¬ mas defrayed. Sometimes, when their publick Treafu-; ry is great, they create a Prince among themfelves, with fuch Title, as they pleafe to give him, and he hath all his Officers, and a Court futable to a great Prince, and many of the prime Nobility and great Officers of State, are feafted and enter¬ tained by him with Enterludes, From JU Siints day to CMilemaSitzc'i Houfe ufually hath Revels on Holy-dayes, that is, Mufick and Dancing, and for this is par. 2,' offnglant)^ 241 is chofen fome young Student to be Mailer of the Revels. Note, tUt ihemanner cf their'TtrU- ment is briefly thus. Every Quarter commonly, the Benchers caufe one of the Handing Officers of the Houfeto fummon a Parlament, which ts onely an Aflembly and Conference of Ben¬ chers and Utter-Barifters j which are cal¬ led the Sage Company , and meet in a place called the Parlament Chamber, and there Treat of fuch matters, as lhall feem expedient for the good ordering of the Houfe, and the Reformation of fuch things as they lhall judge meet to be Reformed. Here are the Readers for Lent and Sum¬ mer vacation defied, alfo the Treafurer is here chofen, and the Auditors appoint¬ ed to take the Accounts of the old Treafa- rer, O'c. Here offences committed by any of the Society are puniflied, (fc. Thefe Innes of Court are moft wifely fituated by our Anceftors , between the Kings Courts of Judicature, and the moft opulent City of London. In the Four Innes of Court are reckoned about 800 Students. Laftly, there are two more Colledges called Sergeants Inne, where the Common- Law Student, when he is arrived to the higheft degree, hath his Lodging and Dy- et. Thefe are called Servientesad Legem, Sergeants at Law , and are as Dofl ns in (irOep^efcnt^tate the Civil Law, only thefe have heretofore been reputed more Noble and Honourable, Vo^oris enim Appelktio eft MagifteriU Ser- vientis vero Minifterii, and therefore Doftors of Law are allowed to fit within the Bar in Chairs and covered j whilft Serge¬ ants Hand without the Bar bareheaded , only with Coiffs or Caps on. To arrive to this high Degree, take this brief account. The young Student in the Common Law, being born of a Gentile Stock, and bred two or three years in the Univerfity , and there chiefly verfed in Logick and Rhetc^ ■rickj both expedient for a Lawyer, and gotten fome infight into the Civil Law, and Ibme skill in the French Tongue, as well as Latin, he is admitted to be one of the Four Innes of Court, where he js firfi called a Moot man , and after about Seven years ftudy , is chofen an Utter Ba- rifter, and having then fpent Twelve years more , and performed the Exercifes before mentioned, he is cbofeu a Bencher, and feme time after a Reader tduringthe Read¬ ing which heretofore was Three weeks and Three days, the Reader keeps a conftant and fumptuous Feafting, inviting the chief Nobles, Judges, Btfliops, great Of¬ ficers of the Kingdom, and fometimes the Kinghimfelf (as that moft accomplifhed Lawyer, the prefent Atturney General did) that it colls them fometimes 800 or looo /. Af- Par. 2. of Afterward he wears a longRobe, diferent from other Barifters, and is then in a ca¬ pacity to be made a Sergeant at Law,when His Majefly (hall pleafe to call him, which is in this manner. When the number of Sergeants is fmall, the Lord Chief Juftice of the Common Pleasj by the advice and confent of the other Judges, make choiceof Six or High-, moreor lefs, of the tnoft Grave m;d lear¬ ned of the Innes of Court, and prefents their Names to the Loid ChanceJior or Lord Keeper, who fends by, the flings Writ, to each of them to appear on fuch a day before the King , to receive the State and Degree of Sergeant at Law j at the appointed times they being habited in Robes of two colours , vi^^. Brown and Blew *, come accompanyed with the Stu¬ dents of the Innes of Court, and atten¬ ded by a train of Servants and Retainers, in certain peculiar cloth 1 iverles, to Wefl- minJier-Hili > there in publick take a fo- lemn Oath , and are clothed with certain Robes and Coyfs, without which they may no more be feen in publicity after this they feaft the great perfons of the Nation, in a very magnificent and Prince¬ ly manner , give Gold Rings to the Prin¬ ces of the Blood 5 Archbifliops, Chancel¬ lor and Treafurer, to the value of Forty fliillings each Ring ; to Earles, Bifliops, RiMs of Twenty Ihillings; to other great Ofm:ers , to Barons, great Prelates, Rings of .iefs value.* M s H? Out i^6 (!t;i)ep;t((nt State Out of thefe are chofen all the JuJges of the Kings Bench and Common Pleas, wherefore all thofe Judges do alwayes wear the white Linnen Coyfe, which is the Prin¬ cipal Badge of a Sergeant, and which he had ever the Priviledge to wear at all times j even in the Kings prefence, and whilft he fpake to the King , though anti- ently it was not permitted to any Subjeft, to be fo much as capped in the Prefence of the King of England » as at prefcnt it is not allowed in the prefence of the Pope or of the Emperour. When any of the aforementioned Judg¬ es are wanting, the King by advice of His Conniil, makes choice of one of thefe Sergeants at Law, to fupply his place, and conftitutes him by Letters Patents, Sealed by the Chancellor, who fitting in the middle of the reft of the Judges in open Court, by a fet Speech declares to the Sergeant {that upon this occafion is brought in) the Kings pleafurej and to the people , the Kings goodnefs, in providing ih: Bench with (uch able honeftmen, as that Juftice may be done expeditely and impartially to all His Subjefts , and then caiifes thefaid Letters Patents to be read; and being departed , the Chief Juftice pla¬ ces thefaid Sergeant on the Bench nior of all the reft j and having taken his Oath well and truly to ferve the King and His people in the Office of Juftice, to take no reward , to do equal and fpeedy Par; 2.' of^Ettslantj* 247 Juftice to all, (s'c. he fits himfe'f t® the Exec ution of his Charge. The Sergeant being thus advanced to bea Judge, hath thereby gieat Honour , and a very confiderable Salary, befidet certain perquifitsfor each one hath at leaft Onethoufarid pound a year from the King;' and now in fome things, hu former habit of a Sergeant is altered, his long RobeandCap , his Hood and Coif are the fame , but there is befides, a Cloak put over him, and clofed on his right flioulder, and infiead, of a dputium lined, with Lambskin , now a Cuputium lined with Af;?zex/cr , or dc Minuto v.iriQ , divers, fmall pieces of white rich Eurre. Note, that to the two Sergeants Lines belong the Twelve Judges, and about Twenty fix Sergeants, Antiently, the Fee expefted by a Ser¬ geant from his Client for Advice given at his Chamber , or for pleading in any Court of Judicature, was no more then Twenty (billings, and the Fee of a Bari- fter Ten Ihillings, Cwhich yet is much more then is ufually given in any of our neighbour Nations at this day) but at pre- fent, it is become almofl ordinary, to give fome Sergeants Ten pound, and iome-,. times Twenty pound , and to a Barifter, half asmuch, atthe hearing of anycon- fiderable Caufe, whereby it comes to pals, that fome Lawyers in one year gain in Fees Three thoufand pounds , and fome Four thoufand pounds, and in few M 4 years 48 State years purchafeEfiates fit for Lords, anj fometimes live to fee themfelves advan¬ ced to be Peers of the Realm, as the late Loi?d Keepers , Coventry, Finch, and ethers,' Now allthcfe foremeiitioned Innes or Colledges for the Students in our Com¬ mon law , being not far diftant one from another, do make the moft famous Pro- felfion of the Law that is in the World: and it will be a very difficult thing to find in' any one Porreign Univerfity, fo many Stu¬ dents of the Law , that are of that ripe age paft Childhood , and of that high qua¬ lity , moft Gentlemen , and a confidera- ble number of the Sons of the higher No- bjlity. 0 / Par. 2' of 249 of the Colledgc of Civilians , called Dodors Commons. A Lthougli Degrees in the Civil Law may be had' oncly in Oxford and Cambridge j and the Theory Left there to be acquired ; yet the Pratlicc thereof, is moil: of a]I inLondon, where a Coiledge was long fince purchafed byDi-;. Henry Harvey^ Dean of the Arches, for the Profeflors of the Civil Law in this City j and where commonly did relide the Judge of the Arches, the Judge of the Admiralty, and the Judge of the Preroga¬ tive Court, With divers other eminent Civilians, who there living (for Diet and Lodging) in a Collegiate manner, and Commoiiing together, it was ufually Itnown by the name of Doefors Commons, and flood near S. Pauls, in the Parilli of ff.Bcnnets Pauls-Wh-:rf; which being con-' fumed by thelatedreadlul Pire, theynow all refide at Exeter Honfe inthe Strand^ inthe fame.manner fnn'til thcir Houfebe rebuiltj and keep there their fcvcrnl Courts and Pleadings every Term, which begins, and ends almoft at the fame time with' the Term at V/eftminficr. The cheif Court of the Archbifltop, is shat of the Arches, whereof fee more in- M f the D t!C!)ep?etent®tate the Chapter of the Ecclejiiflical Govern* merit EngUnd. The Principal, Oificial, or Judge of this Court is ftiled Venn of the 'Arches, and is at prefent Sit Gilet Sweit Knight, Doftor of Laws. He fitteth alone without any Afleflors,’ and heareth and determineth all Caufes, without any Jury of Twelve Men , as is neceflary in Common Law Courts. To this Court belongeth an Aftuary, a R^gifter, and a Beadle, The Office of the Actuary is to attend the Court, fet down the Judges Decrees, Regifter the Afts of the Court, and fend them in Books to the Regiftry. This Office is enjoyed by ^ohn Clements, Batchelor of Laws, and Publick Notary. The Regifter of the Court is another of the fame nam-e, whofe Office isbyhimfelf, or Deputy to attend the Court, receive all Libels or Bills, Allegations and Exhibets, examines all Witnefles, Files all Sentences, and keeps the Records of the Court. The Beadle attends the Court, carrieth a Mace before the Judge , and calls the Perfons cited to appear. Thofe that are allowed to be Advocates, and plead in this Court, are all to be Doftors of the Civil Law, in one of our Englijh Univerfities; who upon their Peti¬ tion to the Archbifhop of Canterbury, and his EUt obtained, are admitted by the Judge of this Court, upon condition not JO Par.'2j of^EnglanD^’ Church} now in the Common mil itExeter Houfe. The Places and Offices belonging to this Court, are all in the gift of the Archbiffiop of Canterburyi whofc Court it is. Here note, ^Thatthe next Morning after the fitting of this Court, the ^udge of the Court o/Audience did ufuallyfit, but jtnce the late Troubles, that Court hath been difcontinuei. Next is the Court of Admiralty, where¬ of fee more in Chapter of the Military Government. The prefent Judge of this Court is Sir Knight, Dofbr of Laws, whofe Title is Supreme Curia Admirali- tatu Anglia locum tenensfudex five Pra- fidens. The Writs and Decrees run in the name of the Lord High Admiral, and are, direftedto all Vice-Admirals, Jufticesof Peace, Majors, Sheriffs, Bailiffs, Confta- bles, Marlhals, and others, Officers and Minifters of our Soveraign Lord the King, as well within Liberties, as without. To this Court belongs a Regifter, Or- lando Gee, Elquire; a Marlhal, who at¬ tends the Court, and carries a Silver Oar before the Judge, whereon are the Arms of thf King, and of the Lord High Admiral, The Lord Admiral hath here his Advo^ cate and Proftor, and all other Advocates and Proftors are prefentcd by them, and admitted by the Judge. ®!iep|ef{«tState This Court is held on the-,Tame day with the Arches, but in the afternoon, and heretofore at St, Margarets Hill in Seutb- tvarli , but now in the fame Common Hall at Exeter houfe, Bot the Admiralty Seffi- 011 is fiill held for the Tryal of Male- faftors, and Crimes, committed at Sea, ?t the Anrient place aforefaid. The places and Offices belonging to this > Court, are in the Gift of the Lord High Admiral, Next, is another Court belonging to the Archbiffipp of Canterbury , called tne ?re- rogative Cgurt , whereof fee more in .the Chapter of the.^ccleftajiical Government of England. The Judge of this Court is the fore- named Sir Leolin ^en^ins, and his Ti¬ tle here is, Curia Prerogativce Cant. Ma- gifier, Cujios, five Commijfarius. All Citations and Decrees run in the name of the Archbiffiop. This Court is kept in the fame Common' Hall in the afternoon, next day after the Arches, and was heretofore held in the Confiftoryof St Pauls, The Judge is attended by aRegifter, Marine Cattle Efquire, who fets down the Decrees, and Afts of the Court, and ieeps the Records,' all Original Wills and Teftaments of parties dying., having Bona Notabilia, ^c. The place is commonly called the Prerogative Office y now kept in the Savoy, where for a moderate Pee,one may fearch for, and have a Copy of any Par. 2. of^E^nglani). W Teftament made fince the Rebellion of WAtTilenni ^ac/i stmW) by whom many Records and Writings, in ieveral places of London were then burnt and deftroy- ThePlaces belongingto this Court are in the Gift of the Archbifliop of canter¬ bury. From the forementioned Courts , Ap¬ peals do lye to the Court of PelegAtes, whereof more pag. ys , the Judges where^ of are appointed by the Lord Keeper u«- der the great Seal of EngUnd, proilU vi* re, and upon every caufe or bufinefs there is a new Commiffion , and new Judg^- es, according to the nature of the Affair Qr Caufe,,, as fometimes BiAops, Com-t mon-Law-Judges, and Civilians, fame^ times BiAops and Civilian's, arid fame- times Common-Law-Judges and Civili¬ ans, and fometimes Civilians onely. To this Court belongs a Handing Regi- fier, and the Court is kept in the fame Common Hall, in the afternoon, the day after the ?rerff|;«ri;e. The Citations and Decrees here run in the Kings Name. From this Court lyes no Appeal Li Common courle. But the King of His meet Prerogative Royal may, and many times doth grant a Commiffion of Review, under the Broad Seal, In thisColledge alfoufually refidesthe Vicar-General, belonging to the Arch- bilhop tsS tne pftftttt State biihopoF dntethury , who as he is Pri¬ mate , hath the CuardianHiip of the Spi- ritualties of every Biftiop within his Pro¬ vince during the Vacancy, and executes all Epifcopal Power and Jurisdiftion by his Vicar-General, who is at prefent in the Province of Canterbury , Sir Rickard Cha- mrth Knight, Doftor of Laws. The Aichbiihop of 7 or\ hath the like Power in his Prevince, and his Vicar Ge¬ neral is Dr. Burneli he alfo hath a Prero¬ gative Court, whereof the Judge is Dr. Levct. of the Colledge of Thj/ftiafts in London, A Mongft other excellent Tnfiitutions in the City ofLo?jifln,there is a Col- ledge or Corporation of Phylitians, who by Charters and Afts of Parliament of Henry VIII. and fince his Raign, have certain Pri- viledg«, whereby no man though a Gra- duatinPhfick, of Oxford or Cambridge, may without Licence under the laid Col- ledge Seal, praftice Phyfick in London , or within feven miles of this City, (nor in any other part of England, in cafehe hath not taken any Degree in Oxford or Cambridge.) Whereby alfo they can adminifter an Oath, fine and imprifon any Offendersjin that and divers other particulars, can make By- Laws, Par. 2.' af( 5 nglanl)* 259 laws, purchafc Lands, Whereby they have Authority to fearch all the (hops of Apothecaries in and about Loniori, to fee if their Drugs and Compofitions are whole- lome and well made; whereby they are freed from all troublefome Offices, as to ferve upon Juries, to be ConftableAo keep watch and ward, to bear Arms, or provide Armes or Ammunition ,Cr’c. any Member of that Colledge may prafticeSurgery if he pleafe not onely in London , but in any_ part of EngUnd. This Society had antiently a Colledge in K^ight-Rider-Street 3 the Gift of Doftor 'Linucre , Phyfitian to King Henry the VIIIJ fince which, a Houfe and Ground was purchafed by the Society of Phyfitians, at the end of Amenfireet3 whereon the ever famous Dr. Jnnol6^^. didereft at his own proper charge a Magnificent 3 truflure, both for a Library and a Pub- lick Hall for the meeting of the feveral Members of this Society, endowed the fame with his whole Inheritance, which he refigned up, while he was yet living and in Health, part of which he affigned for an Anniverfary Harangue, to commemorate all their Benefaftors, to exhort others to follow their good Examples , and to pro¬ vide a plentiful Dinner for the worthy Company. Anno 1666. This goodly Edifice could notefcapethe Fury of that dreadful Fire, and that ground being but a Leafe, the pre- fent Fellows of this Cfolledge have pnrcha- lei 2^0 C6epiefent%tate fed with their own Moneys, a fair piece of Ground in Wamicli-line, whereon they are now raifing a futable Edifice. Of this Colledge there is a Prefident ,■ Four Cenfors, and Eight Elefts, who are ail Principal Members of the Society, and out of whom, one is every year chofen to prefide. The Four Cenfors of the Colledge have, by their Charter, authority to furvey, cor- reft, and govern all Phyfitians, or others^ that fiiall praftife in Loaion , or within feven miles of the fame j to fine, amerce and imprifoit any of them, as they ihall fee caufe. Here foUomth a JJfi of oM the frinctpl Phjifttians^ who now pra^ifeinLondon. Socii Colleg, Med. Lond. S ir George Ettt, Prefidento Dr. Hamej. Dr, G/ifofi. Dr. Salmon, Dr. Stmt, Cenfor. Sir Alexander Frajten Dr. Micklethrvait. Dr. Paget. Dt,TimthjClarl^. Dr. Dr. whifller. Sir Charles Scarhsrofigh Dr. Wharton. Dr. Merret^ Cenfor. Dr. Samnel Collins, TiT.RHgeley Sir william Petty, Dr, Terne. Sir John Bahor. Sir Edrvard Greaves. Dr. Crojden, Cenfor, Dr, Bevoir, Dr. Wolfe. Dr. Luellen. Sir John Finch. Dr. Banes. Dr. Walter. Dr. BMrwell. Dr. Rogers,. Dr. Mills. Dr. Lang. Dr. Betts. Dr. Tuvifdcn, Dr. Waldron. Dr. Barmc\. Pr. Dacres. Dr. Dt.Collier >. Dr. f<{^es Clark* Dr. faffirNeedhapt, Dr. He»rj Clark. Dt.Carr, Dr. F acker. Candidaii. Dr. Stracey. Dr. Ttrhrj. Dr. Mefi. Dt. Hodges. T)t.Miliin'^en. Dr. Parker.' Dr. p. Smith. Dr. Larrfort. Dr. Coyjh. Dr. Bruce. Dr. Erooks. Dr. Hov/arth. Dr. George Smith. SltThomasBathurp Dr. Traneklm. Dr. field. Dr. Downes. Dt. Trevor. par. i. of SnsfanO. Dr. Cram. Dr. Browne. Dr. BurwelL Dr. Sh.rt. Dr. Marjhdl, SociiHonorarii. Dr. Frear. Dr. Parker. Dr. GoHrdon. Dr. Benton. Sir John Colkdon. Dr, Meara.S Dr. Lampriere. Dr. Bowie• Dr. Bacon. Sir Richard Napier, ^xrjohn Hinton, Dr. Cokfione. Dr. Charleton. Dr. Dawtrej. Dr. Beodait. Dr. FogarfiHS. Dr. Names. Dr. Jo- skinner. Dr. Timme. Dr. Warner. Dr. Harris. C6epiefent state Dr. Argali, Dr. Arris. Dr. Langharn, Dr, Mevmll. Dr, Stanley, Sir Tbedsore de Veauw Dr. mtherlep Dr. Titchborne, Dr. Woodcock^ Dr. King. Dr. Tayler. Bright. Dr. Moore. Dr. CurfellU. Dr. IValgrave. Dr. Ball. Dr. Dube. Dr. Harrifon, Dr. Man. Dr. Bare bone. Dr. Napier. Dr, Geifihorpe, Dr. Gri§th. Dr. Walter Needham', Dr. Moefler, Dr. Carter. Dr. Trapham. Dr. Henry Glijfon. Dr. Char let on. Par. 3; of ^^nglanUJ Dr. John Clark. Dr. Cavendijh. Dr. Dennis Gourden-. Dr. Bridgood. Dr. Tardley, Dr. Browne, Dr. Paman. Dr. Fijher. 'Dt. Grinder. , Dr. Lawrence. Dr. Willis. Dr. Dickenfon, Dr. Fielding. Dr. Medford. Dr. Grey. Dr. Saginary. Dr. white. Dr.waterhoufe. Permifli. Dr. Wedderhurn. Dc.Trifl. Dr. Lenthall. Dr. Barrough. Dr. Broome. Dt.Welman, Dr. V?rmuden. Dr. Sydenham. N Ancieiitlyj ^O^pieCent^tate Antiently, theufoal Feeof aDoSlorwas 20 s. and of one that had not taken that degree loj-, at prefeni- there is no certain rule; But fome that are eminent, have re¬ ceived in Bees yearly, i or 3000 /. and pur- chafe great Elfates j which in otherCoun- trcys is very rare, Befides the worthy perfons mentioned in the Lift above, there are divers Phyiitians, that have good praftice in London , al- though they never had any Licence, which is connived at by the Calledge ; and fo is the too much pradife of Empcric\sy Moun~ tobunlis, Frctcndcd Ckymijk, Jpotbea- ries, Surgeons, Wife-women, (fc. In which piece of folly, the Englifti furpafs all the Nations of Chriftendom. And yet, by the Law of Englind, if one who is no Phyfitiaiv or Surgeon, or not exprefly allowed to pradife, fliall take up¬ on him a Cure, and his Patient die under his hands ■, this is Felony in the perfon pre¬ fuming fo to do. Of the CoUedge there were anciently many, and fo likewife of Purfuivants, whereof at prefent, there arc but four thus named. Rouge Cro fs, Riuge Dragon, PortcuUice, and Blewmantle, frooi. fuch Badges heretofore worn by them, as it is thought. The fervice of thefe, and- of the He¬ ralds, and of thff whole Colledge, is ufed in marftialling and ordering Coronati¬ ons , Marriages, Chriftnings, Funerals, N 3 Inter.- p^etent State Interviews, Feafts of Kings and PrincesJ Cavalcades, Shews, Jufts, Tournaments, Combats before the Conftable and Mar- fhilj 0 -'c. Alfo they take care of the Coats of Arms, of the Genealogies of the Nobility and Gentry, briefly, what- foever concerns Honor, is their care and fludy, they are Tunquxm Sacrorum Cnjlodes Templi Honorh ^s/Editui. All thefe receive Annual Stipends out of the Kings Exchequer. They are all to be Gentlemen at the leaft, and the Six Heralds are exprefly made Efquires by the King , when they are created He¬ ralds. Anciently the Kings at Arms were Created, and folemnly Crowned by the Kings of Englmi themfelves, and the Heralds and Purfuivants had their Crea¬ tions from the Kings hand ; but of later times the Earl Marilial hath had afpecial Commiffion for every particular Creation, and to do all that before was done by the King. For the Creating and Crowning of Giftcr, King at Arms; there are firlt to be pri6vided a Sword and a Book, whereon to take a Solemn Oath , then a Gilt Crown, a Coller of S’s, a Bowl of Wine ; which Bowl is the Fee of the new created King , alfo a Coat of Arms of Velvet richly embroidered ; His Creation is on this manner j fiift, he kneels down be¬ fore the Earl Marflul, and laying his hand Par. 2.^ 0fCnglanlii on the Boole and Swprd , another-King at Armes reads the Gath, which being ta¬ ken , and the Book and Sword kifled j next are read the Letters Patents of his Of¬ fice , during which, the Earl Marflial. powres the Wine on his head, and gives hinv the Name of Giirtcr ^ then puts on him the Coat of Armes and Collar ,of S’s, and the Crown on his head. The Oath is to obey, firft," the, Supream ; head of themoft noble Order of the Gar¬ ter , and then the Noble Knights of that ■ Order j in fuch things as belong-to his Office , to inquire diligently of all the Noble aitd notable Afts of eyery Knight of this Order , and thereof to certify the Re- S 'fter of that Order, that he may .record efame, and togivenotice to the King, and the Knights of the Order, , of the death of any of that Society : to have an e)taS: knowledge of all the Nobility, to inftruft Heralds and Purfuivants in doubts concerning the Office of Arms, toefehew and avoid allperfons of ill reputation , to be more ready to excufe then to blame any noble perfon, unlefs called by Authority, towitnefsagainftthem, ^c. This Offi¬ cer hath a double Salary, double to the two other Kings, and hath moreover Pees atthe Inftalments; yearly wages given by theKnights of the Garter, hath theupper- moft Garment at their InftallmentSjO^c. The two Provincial Kings at Armes, Chrentm and Korroy , are created by Leitets Patents, a Book, a Sword, cirv. Cl^ep^cfent&tatt as Gmcr , and with almoft the fame Ce* remonies, A Herald at Armes is alfo created with the like Ceremony; onely his Coat of Armes muft be SattinjCmbroidered and en- richt with gold j and muft be brought in with two Heralds, as the Kings a,t Arms -are by two Kings at Armes. They take a folemn Oath to be true to the King, tobeferviceableto Gentlemen, to keep fecrets of Knights, Efquires, La¬ dies and Gentlewomen, to afllft diftrefled Gentlemen and Gentlewomen, Widows and Virgins ; to avoid Taverns , Dicing , and Whore-houles, d^c. Purfuivants at Armes, arecreated alfo by Letters Patents, a Rook, a Bowl of Wine, and a Coat of Arms of Damask, and to be brought in, as the Heralds, before-the Earl Marlhal, or his Deputy, and to fwear in folemn manner to be true to the' King, to be ferviceable to all Chriftians , to be fecret and fober, to be more ready to com¬ mend then to blame, to be humble, lowly, dsdc,. This Office fince the late dreadful fire, is held in the Queens Court at Wejlminfter, where are fome always waiting, to fatis- -fy comers touching Defcents, Pedigrees, Coates of Armes, d^c. as was formerly done at the forementioncd houfe up in London , which is now begun to be rebuilt by the Members of the Colledge , and (it •is hoped j nlay in a ftiort time , by the bountiful paL2; uf ^nglaniT*. bountiful Contributions of all men that haVe any fence of Honour remainingbe compleated to the glory of this City and ■ Kingdom. ' Jlhf t]:U Colkdge , leing the lyings- f-worn fervants , the RcAder muj find a,' Lifi of their Names, irt r/je Firft Part; about the Kings Court, Within the Walls of London alfois feas¬ ted a Colledge, built by the forementioned" worthy perfon Sir fhomcos Grcfitam, and in- dowed in manner following .• After he had' built the Royal Exchange, he gave the Re-. venuethereof, the one Mo'iiy tothcMay-- or and Commonalty of London j midthcir' Succeflbrs; and the other moity to thet Company of Mercers in truih , that the'' Mayor and Aldermen iliould Hnd in all time? to come, four able perfons to read withiiJ this Colledne, Divinity, Geometry.Aftro-t nomy , and MuficL', and to allow to each of them , bcfidcs their-fair lodging 50'/. a year. And mat the Company of Mercers fliould find Three more able men 5 to-read Civil Law, Phyuck and Rhetorick , and to allow to cacli' nt of them belides fair Lodgings yo /. a year. And that thefe fe- vei al Lciturersihouid read in Teini time i every day in the sveek (except Sundayes) aforenoon , in Latin , and afternoon the fame in Englifh: The Mulick Ictiure '.3 be read ontly in Englifo. 278 - 74 t!>epi»rmt&tate There is alfo within London another cal¬ led Sion Coltedge, founded by White Doftor in Divinity, for the ufe of the Clergy of London j and of the Liber¬ ties thereof j and a part thereof to be for zo poor people , to perform all which ^he gave 3000/, and for the maintenance of thofe poor he fetled 120 lx a yeap, for ever j and 40/. a year for a Sermon in Latin, at the beginning of every cjuarter, and a plentiful Dinner for all the Clergy that fhall then meet there. In this Colledgeis a fair fpacious Libraryjbuilt by '}ohn Symp- font Reftorof Saint Olives Hart ftrect^ and one of the faid DocLor Whites Execu¬ tors J and by the bounty of divers Bene- faftors, this Library hath been well fur- Hiftied with Books, chiefly ftich as are ufe- ful for Divines. This Colledge felt the rage of the late Fire, but i s almojEl repai¬ red again. A little without the Walls flands ano--' ther Colledge or Collegiate Houfe, cal¬ led antiently the Cfwr/rcK/c , now corrupt¬ ly the Charter houfe , it being heretofore a Covent of Carthnfun Monies , called in French des Chartrctix. This Colledge cal¬ led alfo Siitions Hofpitd, confifs of a Mailer or Governor, at prefent Sir Ralph Sidenbam, a Chaplain Doftor Thriferofs, a Mailer and llllier to jnllruft 44 Scholars,- bafides fourfeore decayed Gentlemen,Soal- diers and Merchants, v/ho have all a plen¬ tiful Par, tif€D^aaS» ti'ttl. niaintenance of Dyet, Xodging^ Clothes and Phyfickj ^c. live alto¬ gether in a Collegiate lnanner, with inucli cleanlinefs and neatnefs : and the four, and fourty Scholars have not onely all necelTaries whilR they are here taught ^ but if they become fit for the Univer- fities, there is allowed unto each one, out of the yearly Revenues of this .Colledge 20 1 . yearlyj and duly paid, for S years af- ■ ter they come to the Univerfity , and to o~ thers fitter for Tradesi there is allowed a conliderable Sum of money to bind them Apprentices. There are moreover all forts of officers expedient for fuch a Society, as Phyfitian, Apothecary, Steward, Cooks, Butlers, &c. who have all competent Sa¬ laries. This vaft' Revenue and Princely Foundation was the foie Gift of an ordina¬ ry Gentleman, Mr; Thotnas Sutton, born in ■Linecln-fl irt ; and twas of fuch high Ac-, count as it was thought fit,that by the Kings • Letters Patents under the Great-Seal, dl-. vers perfons of the higheft Dignity and Quality in Church and State, ihouldai- ■wayes be the O verfeers and Regulators of this Society; as the Archbifhop of Can¬ terbury, the Lord Keeper, Lord Treafurc;-, and 11 others. Befides, there are in London divers en¬ dowed Schools, which in Frunze, would be filled CoUedges; as School, found- .ded 1512. by. ^obn CoUet, Doctorof DD vinity, and. Dean of P,mIs, for if^.Chii- dren to -be \aiwht; there ^r,!lw> fov which ‘ ' purpoff ^75 €:t)epiefcnt state ■ purpofe he appointed a Mafter, a Sub-ma^ iler or Ulhet, anda.Chaplain , with lai^e ftipends for,ever, committing the overfight; thereof to the MafierJ, Wardens, and Aifi- ftants of the Mercers in London j for his father. Henry Collet, fometime Lord May¬ or of London, was of the cm Compa¬ ny.- This famous School was alfo lately, burnt down, and now is reedified in a far more magnificent, commodious and beau¬ tiful" manner, the worthy Mafter thereof is VLr. Samuel Cnmholm alias Cromlum. There are in London divers other endow¬ ed Schools, as Merchant-TaylorSjMercers- Ghappeije^c. a particular Account where¬ of the defigned Brevity of this Treatife will not admit. It would alfo make this Book too much fwell to give an Account of the many rich¬ ly-endowed. Hofpitals, Almes-hoiifes, Woik-houfes, or Houfes of Correftion, the many ftately built Taverns, Inns , and Coffee Houfes, fome whereof furpafs all others in foreign parts, and are worthy to be viewed by curious Travellers, who may alfo find it worthy their pains, to remarque the feveral fpatious well-built Theaters, which for variety of Scenes, excellent A- ftors. Language, Defigns, Mufick, are hardly to be equalled : Moreover they may .obferve the many well furnilht Mar¬ kets,the weekly Horfe-fairs, the great com- modioiifnefs- of Hackney-Coaches, of Se- dans,of Boats, eit'e. belonging to this fa¬ mous City j alfo to conlider the City of Well- Par.2; Cif€ttgla(tt&^ Wejlminjier and the Burrough of South- mrli , both which now feem to be fwallow- cd up in London, Within the Precinfts of Wefiminfter are many Magnalia, fcveral things are as re¬ markable as any aforementioned : the an- tient ftately Abby Church founded before the Nomnn Gonqueft, by the Pious King Edwird the ConfefTor, and moft rich¬ ly endowed ; afterwards rebuilt from the ground by the HI. with that rare Architefture now feen, wherein- are the moft magnificent Tombs and Monuments cf our Kings and Queens , and greateft Nobles of England. To the Eaft end of which is added a Chappel of King Henry the VII. which, for the moft admirable ar¬ tificial work without and within, for a Mo¬ nument of maffy Brafs, moft curioufty wrought, is fcarce to be paralleld in the World. This huge Pabrick ftands where firft was the Temple of Apollo , and afterwards King Sebert, the Eaft Saj^bn King, that firft built St. Pauls aforementioned, built here a Church to St. Pcrcr. Queen Elizabeth converted this Abbey into a Collegiate Church, and therein pla¬ ced a Dean, ii Secular Canons or Pre¬ bendaries, Petty Canons and others of the - Quire to the number of 50, ten Officers belonging to the Church, as manyfervants belonging to the Collegiate Dyet, two Schoolniafters, 4s Scholars, iz Almcs- men, with plentiful maintenance for ail, belides €Jiep|eCeitt©tate befides Stewards, Receivirsj ReglftersJ Qolleftprs, and other OfScers, the.prin- cipal whereof is the high Stevvard of Weft^ minjier i who is ufually one of the orime Nobility, and is at prelent the Lord Cham¬ berlain. The Dean is entrwfted with the ctiftody of the Regilii at the Coronation, honored with a place of necelTary fervice at all GorOJiations, and a Conipiflion of Peace within the City and Liberties of^ Ifeftmin^ri the Dean and Chapter inve- fled witwall matiner of Jurifdiftion, both Eccletiaftical and Civil , not onelywithin the-City and Liberties of iFeflminfter, but within the Precinfls of.St. Afdrr/» le grinds within the Walls oi London, and in lome Towns of Ejfe:)f,.exerapted iathe one, from the Jurifdillioa of the.Bilhopof London-^ and in the other, from that of the Archbi- fhop of Canterbury. For EcclefiafticalCaufes and probate of 'Wills, it hath a Royal Jurifdiftion, Dr. Richard Lloyd is Cornmiffary, from whom Appeal mult: be onely to the, King in his High Court of Chancery, who thereupon ifl'ueth out a CommilGon of Eklegates un¬ der the Great SisaI of Engknd. When the Convocation is adiourned frortl St. Pauls (for the conveniency of being nearer to the Parliament) to TVcjiminftcr, the Bilhops fil'd declare (upon a Protefta- tion made by the Dean there) that they in¬ tend not thereby to violate that high Pri- viledge, That no Bijhop or Archhi- f)op may come there without leave, of the Dean frfl obtained. These pW.i] Df^flglanU* There is alfo a fair Publick Library, free for all ftrangfers to fluJy both morning- and afternoon alwayes in Ter.m time. Next this Church flood the Royal Pa¬ lace, and ufual place of Relidence for the Kings of who ordinarily held- their Parliaments, and all 'their Courts of Judicature in their dwelling Houfes ( as is done at this day at Midrid by the King of Spiin) and many times fate themfeives. in the faid Courts of Judicature, as they do ftillin their Court of Parliament. A great part of this huge Palace was in - the time of Henry the VIII. defiroyed by fire, what remained hathflill been employ¬ ed for the ufe of the Lords and Commons afl'embled in Parliament, and for the chief Courts of Judicature, The great Hall where thefe are kept, lome fay, was built by King Willim Rufus , others by King Richndthe II. about jooyears agoe, and . for all dimenfions is not to be equalled by any Hall in Chriftendom. Moreover, Strangers and Poreigners may take notice of the extraordinary eom- modioufnefs, conveniency and fituation of the prefent Royal Palace, and ufual place of Rcfidence, called jVhitebiU, belonging heretofore to Cardinal jVoolfcy, feate» ^ Vcrbo vu diem, Vnum Oxonienfe Co\k- gitm ( rem ) fupcfat vel dccem no jin. . The whole nqm&er of Students hi Ox.- ford th^t partake of the. Revenues of the Collcdges, are about OnethoufanJ; and ' ©f other Students, about twice as many. Therewere anciently in this Univerfity, before the foundiug ef Colledges, T^vo' hundred Hofpitu Studio forum , Iniis^ Hoft'els, or Halls-, and as Jrrn.ich.inxo .Writes, these v/tre Thifty thoufand Stu- .idents V and Twenty miles round 0>f rJ.^ were by the Kings of Engl.in.i fet apart for Provifionin Viftualsfor this City. The Difeipline of thefe Colledges and Halls, is far more exaft and excellent then in any Foreign Univerfity. Firft) All that intend to take any De¬ gree, are to take their Dyet and Lodging, and have a Tutor conftantly in fome Col- ledge or Hall, then they are to perform all Exercifc', to be fubjeft to all Statutes, and to the Head of the Houfe: Next thc.y are to be fubjeft to the cheif Magiftrate of the llniverfity, to perform Publick Exer- cife, arJtobe fubjeft to the Publick Sta¬ tutes thereof. They are to fulFer them'elves to be Ihut up by night in their fevcral Houfes. They are never to be feen abroad out of their Chambers, much lefs out of their Colledges, without their Caps and Gowns, ("an excellent order, no where ob- ferved in Foreign Parts, but in Sp-ik.) O i / Their . iP2 t:f)ep^etent State Their Gowns are all to be blackj onely this Sons of the higher Nobility are herein indulged, .and all Doftors are honored with Purple, or rather Scarlet Robes, which anciently were allowed onely to Emperors or Kings; but now in Engiand, befides the King, all Peers in Parliament, all Doftors in the Univerfities, all Majors and Governors of Cities, and all the Prin¬ cipal Judges are at certain times iloathed in'Scarlet. ' . The Degrees taken in the Univerfity are onely two, vi^. Of Bacbelar and Mdfler ('for fo they are anciently called, as well in Divinity, Law, and Phyfick, as in the Arts.) At prefent, the Degrees in thofe Three ProfelTions arc called Bachelars and' Poffors, onely in the Arts, Bsichelaf and Mdjler ; Yet is it not to befuppofed, That bccaufe in Mufick, one of the Liberal Art’s, he that takes the fecond Degree, Is nfually now Ailed a Pocior, therefore tO' be preferred before a Mafter of Arts, who- is Doftcr of all the Liberal Arts ; yet Men, otherwife Learned, have fometimes- committed fuch Errors by their Ignorance- in words and names. Every year, at the Aft, or time of com- pleating the Degree of Mafier, both in the Three Profeffions and Arts (which is al¬ ways the Monday after the Sixth of ^uly)' there are funlds feme extraordinary oc- cafion hinders) great Solemnities, not onely for PublickExercifes, but Feaftings,. Comediesj, Par.i of^nglanu: 29 ^ Comedies j and a mighty concourfe of Strangers, from all parts to their Friends and Relations then coinpleating. their De¬ grees, whereby, and by the fet Fe:s , it ufually cofts a Doftor of Divinity, Law cr Phyfick, about One hundred pounds flerling, andaMafter of Arts 20 or 30'/, flerling. , • , In thefe Three ProfeiTions, and in thi Arts, there proceed Mafters or Doftors yearly about One hundred and fifty , and every Lent about Two hundred Bachelars' 'of Ai-s. The time required by Statute, for ftudy- iiig in the Univeriity, before the taking of the fort mentioned Degrees,, becaufe it is • much longer then'wh'at is required in any Foreign Univerfity, (liall here be fet'down' more particularly. To take the Degree of BichelXT in AYt'?, is required four year.s, and three years more for to be M.ijicr of Art:. To take the Degree of Vo^orof Divi¬ nity, the Student mnft neccflsrily , fiiA, have ta.! cn the Degree ci'Mxfi'cr of Arts, and then after (even years more, he is cap¬ able of being B.uhcl.ir in Divinity, and then four years m'-rc rcqu'fite before the De¬ gree of DoHor car. be had. To take the D’g"cc or Vofor : f- Liin'.r, the more ordinary way is, in ihreevcars afmr M.ificr of Art.', one may be cnp.ih!-; of the Decree of Bichcitr, and in tour ■ - a m vec.f I)oA.sr:fUr^s, the like t rT.d'.e The Exercifes required for' taking thefe Degrees are manyj and difficult enough, yetnotfuchi but that may be performed in lefs time, by any Men of good abilities ; ButitwastheWifdom of our Ancefiors fo to order, that before thofe degrees were conferred upon any, and they allowed to praftice, they might firft gain Judgnient and DifcretioiT s which comes with Time and Years,, and perhaps, that thofe of flower parts might, by Time and Induftry,. make themfelves capable of that Honerj. as well as thofe of quicker abilities,, To Ipeaknow particularly of the Pub- jjek Schools in Oxford) of the large Salary to each Publick Profeffor, of the moft: famous Bodlein Libraryi that for number of choice B'ookfe, curious Manulcripts, di- Ttrfityof Languages, liberty .of Studying, facility of finding of any Book, equals, if 3i*t furpalTes,. the famous Vatican : To fpeakof the curious Architefture, and vaft charges of the New Theater, fabricked by the moft ingenious 'Dt.CbriJlopher IVren, at'the foie coft and charges of the moft Heverend Father in God , Gilbert y the pji-efent Archbifhop of Canterbury, for the afe of Scholaftick Exercifes, and of that' moft-excellent Printing Prefs there. To f^eak'ofithe beautiful, folid Stone Build¬ ings, Chappels, Halls, Libraries, large Revenues, admirable DifeipHneof feveral Colledges: ■ To deferibe the moft delight¬ ful Publick Phyfick Garden, abounding with variety of choice Plants, and fur- rounded par"^; Of Cnstanir; rounded witli ftately Stone Wills at tlie foie expences of tKe Right Honorable Henify Earl of would'require an¬ other Volume. What hath been fald o( Oxprd, the like may be faid' of Her Sifter Cmhfidgey which for Antiquity^ Beautiful Col ledges, large Revenues, good Dlfdpline, number of Students, plenty, of Diet, and of all other things neceflary for advancement of Learning (if in complaifance Ihe will at nny time give place to Oxfsrdi yet at the fame time) will challenge precedence be¬ fore any other Univerfity of the Chrifiian World. Thefe are the two glorious Fountains of' learning, to the fame whereof. Foreigners come on Pilgrimage to offer up Honor and Admiration; and yet, even thefe had' lately been like to be dried up, by the over-heated Zeal of fome ignorant Fatia- ticks. Thefe are the cheifeft Store-houfes of lettered Men, which fends forth yearly a great number of Divines, Civilians, Phy- , iitians, &c. to ferve all parts of this King¬ dom. To fupply thefe great Store-houfes, there are in feveral parts of England, Grammar Schools, whereof the principal are Pauls, Weflminjier, W'inchefter,Eaton, Merchant- Taylers, the Charter-houfe, all richly en¬ dowed to maintain Mafters, Ufliers, and a certain number of Scholars •, fo that a childe once admitted into thefe Schools, 0:i^epiefent®tate if he become capable, may at length be preferred to be Scholar or Fellow in feme Colledge of one of thefe Univerfities, and ■will want llftle or no affiftance from his Parents, all his life time after. Befides thefe, there are of late Grammar Schools founded and endowed ^ in almoft every Market Town of England, wherein the children of the Town are onely to be taught without any oiber allowance, Butin the multiplying of thefe Schools, it may be doubted, whether there appeared not more Zeal then Prudence ; for the Parents of fuch School boys, not able to advance them to the Univerfities, all the reft, befides Rending and Writing, becomes ufelefs •, and the Youths, by Eight or ten years lazy living, rendred unapt for the la¬ borbelonging to the more profitablePloiigh, and divers Manufafiiires,- ufually turn either Serving-men, or Clerks tc jiiftices or Lawyers, vshcreby they learn much Chi, canery,they become cunning Pctty-foggci-s, multiply Law-futes, and cozen their Conn- trey, or, if perhaps they are fet to Trades, that little fmnttcring inLearring, get at the Grammar School, renders them com¬ monly proud, flift-necked, fcif coiiccitedj unaptto be governed, apt to cinb:r,ce every new DoUri’c, Hcrefie, Sehirm, Seer, aivi Fafiion . Ov, in cafe their Parents are able toputthem to the Univci firv, yet f.i -.vrrt of fu.Ucicnt maintenance'a-,'J. rendcnce there, they get one'y to be ha!f-l:nr-'o(i, and ihcinby a p;op:r:fity to Preach ? f'nii, Par. 2. ot^Engtanti* SedItioD) and Rebellion, to feduce thofe that are more ignorant thetl thetnielves, as was evident in our late uniiapj)y troubled, where it was obferved, that the Seducers were generally fuch as had been from thofc Market Latin Schools, advanced to be either Commoners or Servitors, for a /hort time in the Univerlhy; and thefeduced, ordinarily, fach as from thofe Schools be- came afterward Shop-keepers or Petty- foggers. If fuch had been endowed with more or perhaps with lefs knowledge, they had probably been much more humble, loyal, and obedient, to their- Governors, both Civil andEcclefiallical; and there¬ fore, the late King of i’piia confultirtg with his abled Counfellors of State for a general Reformation of Matters that were found, by experience, to be inConveftiOnt and pre¬ judicial to His Kingdoms j after mature deliberation, came to this refolution, That amongft other abufes, the great number of Countrey Grammar Schools Ihould by a folemn Prc»2ittza or Ordmnce bediminilh- ed, and the childrens time better employed at Manufaftures, Trades, Husbandry, Befides, upon leiious confidei ation, it will be found that Engluni is over-ftocked with Scholars for the proportion of its Prefi^- ments, and for its employments for Letter-' ed PeiTons, whereby it comes tb pafs that too many lire difcontented, and longing for Innovations and Changes, and watch¬ ing for an opportunity to alter the Govern¬ ment both of Church and State. O 5 This sfS i Cljep^efemSfate This foflowing Lift-was provided to be inferred after the account of the Handing MilitiiLoi'E-ngUti. J Lifi of the prefent Lords Li€!<• tetsdtitsof thefever al Coiwties and places of England, in Alphabetical Order^ B Edford, Earl of Alisbury. Bcr/;,r, lord Lovd.ice, Briftol, Duke of Or;:icnd. Buclis, Earl of Bridgtvuter. Ca,'^nhriigc, Earl of Suffol!^, Chejhire, Earl of Derby. Cornmill, Earl of Bath. Cumbcrlitnd, Earl of Cirlijle. ' Derby, Earl of DcvcnJIjirc. Devon, Duke of Albcmnrle, Dor[et, Duke of Rhhmond. Durham, Bilhop of Durham. Ejfex, Earl of Oxford. Glocefier, Marquefs of jforcefief. Hereford, Marquefs of Worceficr,^ Hertford, Earl of Effex. Huntingdon, Earl of Sandwich. Ejertt, Duke of Richmond. Lancajler, Earl of Derby. Leiceficr, Earl of Rutland. Lincoln, Earl of Lindfey. Middlffcxl Par. 2.’ of CnglanD* MiddlefeX) Earl of Craven. Monmouth, Marqiieft of rrcrfcjfcr. HorfoUi, Lord Town[end. Northampton, Earl of Peterborough. Northumberland, Earl of Ogle, Nottingham, Duke o{ Nemajilc. Oxford, Lord S'ay and Seal. Purbecli IJIc, Sir Ralph Banins. Rutland, Vifcount Camden. Shropjhirc, lord Newport. Southwirl^ Borough, Earl of Craven^ Sorncrfet, L'uke of Ormond. Southampton, Lord St. fe/;n. Stafford, Lord Brooh. Suffoll’, Earl of Siiffol/^. Surrey, Lord Mordant. Suffex, Earl of Borfet. Hales, Earl of Carbery. Barwicf, Earl of Northampton. JVcfimcrland, Earl of Carliflc. IHilts, Earl of Effex. H'orceflcr, Lord IVindfor. TorhEaft.Riding, Lord BeUafn. LorliWcft-Riding, Duke of BuehJngJmi. T Husthe Reader hath had a fiitall Map of a great Monarchy, the moft juft and eafte that ever any people lived under ("except onely thole who lived in England, before the late unparalleld Rebellion) and many ways more happy then that which the great and good States-man Philip Co~ mines, fo much admired in his days, when he mwme he declared f after he had much commended the Policy of the Fenciiim Commonwealth ) Thar aniongft all the Seigneuries in the World, England, was the Countrey where the State was beft orderedj and where there was the leaft Violence and Oppreflion up¬ on the People.