Columbia 5.^nit)rrs;ftp intljrCilpofJiìfttigark THE LIBRARIES MISCELLANY IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. VOL. I. ife i) v^k^ 'i DUBLIN: FOR THK IRISH ARCHiEOLOGICAL SOCIETY IDCCCXLVl rr.uJTEn at the university press, liY M. H. GILL. IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. FOUNDED MDCCCXL. patron : HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE ALBERT. ^rcsOJcnt : His Grace tue Duke of Leinster. Council : Elected December, 1845. The Marquis of Kildare, M. R. I. A. The Earl of Leitrim, M. R. I. A. The Viscount Adare, M. P., M. R. I. A. Rev. S. Butcher, A. M., M. R. I. A. James Hardiman, Esq., M. R. I. A. William E. Hudson, Esq., M. R. I. A. Captain Larcom, R. E., V. P. R. I. A. James Mac Cullagh, Esq., LL. D., M. R. I. A. George Petrie, Esq., R. H. A., V. P. R. I. A. Aquilla Smith, M. D., M. R. I. A. Joseph H. Smith, Esq., A. M., M. R. I. A., Treasurer. Rev. J. H. Todd, D. D., M. R. I. A., Secretary. 11 /7l ADVERTISEMENT. The object of the Miscellany of the Irish Archasological Society is to preserve such smaller documents illustrative of the history and anti- quities of Ireland, as, from their size, are unfitted for separate publi- cation. Members of the Society, and all who are interested in historical pursuits, particularly the heads of the ancient Irish and Anglo-Irish families, are invited to contribute to the future volumes of this work. Almost all old families are in possession of curious deeds, ancient wills, letters, and other documents of the kind here published, which are often the only existing records of historical facts, and are always use- ful to the historian in fixing -dates, filling up defects in genealogies, &c., to say nothing of the illustration they afford of ancient, jierhaps obsolete, manners and customs. The Council of the Irish Archaeological Society indulge the hope that the nobility and gentry of Ireland will recognize the value of the present work by contributing to its pages such deeds, letters, &c., as they may deem worthy of preservation. The Council will thank- fully receive and carefully retm-n all original papers and documents which may be intrusted to the Secretary for tliis purpose. Every contributor to the pages of the Miscellany shall be entitled to one or more copies of the volume to which he has contributed, according to the number and value of his contributions, as deter- mined by the Council. IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. b CONTENTS. Art. Page. I. A N ancient Poem attributed to St. Columbkille ; with a Translation and Notes, ±\. by J. O' Donovan, 1 II. De Concilio Hibernie per magnates totius illius Insule — Rev. Richard Butler, . 15 III. Copy of the Award as consernjTig the TolboU (Dublin) — A. Smith, M. D., . 33 IV. The Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch, Regent of the Colledge of St. Tho- mas of Aquin, in the City of Seville, A. D., 1674, from a coeval MS — J. Ilardi- man 44 V. Poem by Gratianus Lucius, alias Doctor John Lynch, author of Cambrensis Eversus, in reply to the Question, " Cur in patriam non redis?" — J. Hardiman, 90 VI. Oh\tioiK\\<:oTraKV.—Rev.J.n.Todd,D.D 99 VII. Ancient Testaments.—/!. 5/«!^, il/. D., 106 VIII. Autograph Letter of Thady O'Roddy Rev. J. II. Todd, D. D 112 IX. Autogi-aph Letter of Oliver Cromwell to his Son Harry Cromwell, Commander in Chief in Ireland A. Smith, M. D., 1-25 X. The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells.—X O'TJonouan 127 XI. Original Charter granted by John, Lord of Ireland, to the Abbey of Mellifont A. Smith, M.D., 158 XII. Journey to Connaught,— April, 1709 A. Smith, M. D IGl XIII. Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox, with brief historical Notices of the two Families J. O' Donovan, 179 XIV. The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 14G8, translated from the Irish by Dudley Firbisse, or, as he is more usually called, Duald Mac Kirbis, for Sir James Ware, in the Year 1666 — J. O' Donovan 198 THE MISCELLANY IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Art. I. An ancient Poem aftriinited to St. Columlikille ; tritli a Translation and Nates, hij John O'Donovan. fHE following short poem, which is attributed to St. Columbkille, is taken from the Leabhar Buidhe, or Yellow Book of the Mac Firbises of Lecan, a vellum MS. of the fourteenth century, now pre- served in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, H. 2. 1 6. p. 320. Its style resembles that of all the other short poems ascribed to this saint, although the ortho- graphy has been, as usual, modernized in many instances by the transcriber. But whether the poem be really the composition of St. Columbkille or not — (and as it has been preserved in a respectable compilation made in the fourteenth century, we must not reject its authenticity without strong reasons), — it was certainly composed at a period when some remains of Paganism existed in this country, and IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. 1. B waS 2 Poem attributed to St. ColumhkiUe. was evidently inteuded to root out of the minds of the Irish theu' Hn- gering veneration for some of their old objects of Pagan superstition. It is to be regretted that two words occurring in this poem, which appear to denote two of those objects, namely, ppeoD and poiioan, are not to be found in any of the published Irish Dictionaries, nor in any of the MS. Dictionaries or Glossaries accessible in Dublin. They are probably names for omens, but in the absence of the proper evi- dence it woidd be idle to conjecture what they denoted. The Editor, however, in the Notes, has laid before the reader his conjectures as to their meanings, but with that diffidence with which investiga- tions of this nature should be always conducted in the absence of direct proof The theology of the poem savours strongly of predestination, a doctrine which is still extensively believed by the untaught portion of the inhabitants of the mountainous districts of Ireland. The con- viction perhaps is natural to the human intellect, that foreknowledge in the Creator must predetermine the actions of his creatures ; but any speculations on the doctrine itself would be out of place here ; and it is only necessary to observe that the writer of this poem, who must have flourished at a very early period, appears to have believed in the doctrine as strongly as the peasantry do at present, that is to say, he believed "that the events which God has foreseen must irrevocably come to pass, and therefore that all things are fixed by an absolute decree, and cannot be changed by any exertions of man." The Irish text is printed exactly as it stands in the MS., except- ing that the contracted words have been given at length. The reader will observe that many consonants are left imasph'ated, which are pronounced and written with aspiration in the modern Irish language. It has been conjectiu-ed by several, and indeed it is highly probable, that the ancient pronunciation differed from tlie modern in retaininij' Poem (tffrihnted to ISt. ColumhkiUe. 3 retaining the sounds of many consonants, "which are now aspirated ; but there is no direct proof of this, as the same letter in the same grammatical situation is found sometimes aspirated and sometimes not, in the most ancient Irish MSS. extant. These aspirations were obviously sometimes omitted through mere carelessness of transcri- bers, and perhaps sometimes intentionally, especially on those letters which were always pronounced as aspirate, as b in the termination of the ablative case plural, and D in the termination of active parti- ciples or progressive active nouns ; so the French consider it unne- cessary to mark the d in bled, corn, &c., the pronimciation of the word being well known to be ble. The same observations will hold good with respect to eclipsed consonants, for the echpsing letter is most generally omitted in the most ancient MSS., for this reason, apparently, because the grammatical structure of the sentence would in most instances point out to the native whether tlie consonant was to be eclipsed or not. The only marks introduced by the Editor are hyphens, apostrophes, and stops, which he thinks necessary to the preservation of the lan- guage in proper form. — See some very judicious observations on this subject by Eichard M'Elligott of Limerick, in Transactions of the Gcelic Society of Dublin, pp. 29, et seq. Colnm cilli .cc. coup pe oc imcecc a oenap ; ociip ip coimt)i Do'n cf nob jeba ag Dul pop pet). m'oenupnn Gam ip in pliab, a pig siuon pop popaO peO, noca n-eajlaigi oam m', na Da m-bemo cpi picir ceD. B2 Da Poem attributed to St. Columhkille. Oa m-beiTiO-fi cpi picic cet), 5 DO plimjaib, cèò mnciD cniy, o ric cmnjen mo baip bpaip, ni uil Daingen jaba)'' ppi]^. ^iD a cill goncaji rjioca, jit) in inDp ap lap laca, 10 aincit) ecpora in beaca, beich a ceD copacli cara. Ni cualaing neac mo mapbat», ^e pom ceagma t)o a m-baesal, m mo ip cualainj m'anaccul, 15 in la cicpa mo paegal. TTlo paejal! leic map ip ail pe Oia : ni De noca ceipreoba, cuilleao aip noca bia. 20 Ò1D 1 n-galap neach ip plan, biD CO plan neac ip eap-plctn, bfo 1 n-inill neac ip cpu, bit) 1 n-epinill ecpii. Cec ni cinGep Oia t)o neoch, 25 ni ceic t>o'n bir 50 pu pcaicli, git) aipcint) pipep ni ip mo, upt)ail ppigeD ni p6 paip. Comaipci, bepeap Duine leip pop peD, 30 ocup ciD li-i in comaipci, cpeD, pop ainic pein ap ec. In lup beancap t)o na biiaib lap coioecc Doib ap in c-pleib, cpet) Poem attributed to St. Columhkille. cjieD DO bep ap pip na m-bo, 35 cen lup DO buain Do boDein. Noca n-picip mac Duine, cuich D'd n-Denann f è cpuinne, in cpuinDi Do boDein è no in cpuinDe Do neach aile. 40 Leic apf in leipe coleic, Dena peile, peppDi Duic, TTiac TTluipe mine connic, nc cec aiji co n-a cuiD. Ip menic, 45 m ni caicep co caipic, ocup in ni nach caicep, cen CO caicep h-ecaipic. a Oe bi, ip maip5 Do nf olc pd nf, 50 cic cugaD in ni nac paic, ceic ap DO jlaicc in ni ac chi. Noca n-ag ppeoo aca ap cuiD, noca n-ag eoin Da bapp plac, Til 05 cupndn Do cpanD cap $$ ni 05 popDan, jlac 1 n-glaic. peapp in ce pe cabpaim caeb, in c-Qcaip 'p-in c-Qen 'p m TTlac. RoinD ceca nona a C15 De, ip e DO pome mo T?i, 60 ip e in l?i5 Do pijne ap copp, nac am leicpea anochc cen nf. Ml aDpaim Do joraib en, na ppeoD na pen pop bich-ce, Poem affnlmfed to St. Coliimbkille. ncc mac na mana na mnai, ip e mo Dpai Cjiifr mac De. Cpii^c mac lTliii]ie mo|iDa in c-ab, ocliaip TTiac ij' Spipuc Noem, m' peaiiannup ic Rij na Rig If o]it) 1 CenanDup ip TTloen. ÌTì'oenupan. 65 70 TRANSLATION. Coliimbkille ceciiiit while passing alone' ; and it will be a protection' to the person who will repeat^ it going on^ a joiu'ney^. Alone" am I in the mountain', royal Sun'* of prosperous path'', Nothing ' Alone — Q oenap, is always written a n-aonap in the modern Irish. - Protection. — Coimoi is correctly ex- plained "protection" by O'Reilly. The word does not exist in modern Irish, the nearest form to it being curiioac. ^ Who will repeat it Nod ^eba, in the modern Irish noc do jeba ; ^eba is the indicative of jaBaim, I sing. * On — pop, in the modern Irish ap, or aip. * Journey — Scd, or pec is not used in the modern language, but it is explained in Cormac's Glossary under the word Roc, Qonapan oenapan, or aenapan, means a person alone, a person unaccompanied. The phrase involves an idiom peculiar to Irish; literally, " in my solitary person by me ;" in Latin, " me solitario existente.'''' ' In the mountain Ip in pliab is ex- actly the same as now spoken and writ- ten, except that the b in pliuB is always aspirate. ^0 royal Sim Q pij jpicin, now a pij- jpiun. "We are not here to understand that the poet was addressing the sun, but that pij-jpian is applied to the Creator, of which we have instances in the Litanies as the smallest of the ancient Irish passes ; of the middle ages. It does not mean thus, " pec, i. e. semita uniiis animalis." king of the sun, for that he expressed by It is evidently used here in the sense of a pij jpeine. In the former case pij becomes path, way, road, or journey. an adjective, like church in the compound ^ Alone am I. — ITl'oenupàn oam, in the churc/i-door in English. modern Irish am uonap oam, the diph- ^ Prosperous path Rop popao peo, thong oe, or ae being represented by ao. would be written ip popaio peuD in the Poem attributed to St. Columbkille. 7 Nothing is to be feared by me'", Nor if I were attended by sixty hundred". If I were attended by sixty hundred 5 Of forces''^ though they would defend the skin (body), "Wlien once the fixed period of my death arrives" There is no fortress, which will resist it". Thouo-h modern language, but tlie words are now obsolete: pop is for po ba, which was; f opao, means happy, prosperous, success- ful, and peo is explained semita, Sic. — See Note *. '" Nothing is to be feared by me Noca, is a negative particle equal to the modern ni, or the ca of Ulster and Erse dialects of the Gaelic. It always eclipses the initial consonant of the word which follows it, and requires n prefixed if that word be- gins with a vowel. " Nor if I were sixty hundred — This is a mode of expression very usual in tlie Irisli Annals, and is not unlike the Eng- lish, I was six thousand strong. '" Of forces t)o pluajaib, would be written in the modern dialect do pluaj- aib, or oe plua^aiB. This affords an in- stance of omission of aspiration in the beginning, middle, and end of a word. The root is pluaj, the preposition do, of aspirates the initial of the noun which it governs, and the aiB is the termination of the dative or ablative case plural, which is always aspirated in the modern language, but seldom marked as such in the ancient manuscripts. Whether the ancient Irish pronounced the consonants thus left un- marked with their radical or aspirate sounds it is now difficult to determine with certainty. Dr. Stewart conjectures (GkHc Grammar, p. 11), that they pro- nounced them without aspiration, and that the tendency to aspirate the Gaelic of Scot- land, shows itself in a progressive state in some words which are pronounced with an aspiration in some districts, but not universally. The same tendency to aspi- ration, and even suppression of consonants, is observable in many parts of Ireland, and particularly in Kerry. " When once the fixed jieriod, Sfc Cainjen mo Baip, signifies the compact, covenant, or league of my death, but the word camjen is evidently used here in a figurative sense to denote the time fi.xed or predestined by God. '* Tliere is no fortress, S(c Ni uil Dam- pen, would be written in the modern Irish ni puil Dainjeun. The initial p, when aspirated, is frequently omitted al- together in the oldest manuscripts. Tlie word Damjean is still understood in the sense of fortress or fastness, and it largely enters into the composition of names of Poem attributed to St. ColumbkiUe. Though even in a church the reprobates are slain'^, Though in an island in the middle of a lake, The fortunate of this Hfe"* are protected, While in the very front of a battle. No one can slay me" Though he should find me in danger"*. Neither can I be protected The day my hfe comes to its destined period'^. My hfe ! Let it be as is pleasing to my God, Nothing places, as tJainjeanUi Chuip, O'Cuis's or O'Hussey's fortress, the Irish name of the town of Dingle, in Kerry ; òaile an tiainjin, the town of the fortress, now Ballindangan, corruptly Ballindine, in the county of Mayo. ' Though in a church the reprobates are slain, that is, though the people predes- tined for misfortune in this world are often slain even in a church, the most sa- cred of all sanctuaries, still the fortunate escape, though exposed to danger in the front of the battle. Upora is the plural form of cpor or cpoc, a wretch, or one born or predestinated for misfortune See Battle of Magh Rath, pp. 170, 171, 294, et passim, where Congal Claen, the cause of the battle, is called cpoc, as being de- termined to run headlong into destruction in despite of all the efforts of the monarch to bring about a reconciliation. "= The fortunate of this life, Sfc—Qz- poca in beaca. 6cpoca is the negative of cpoca; m Beaca, td'; vit(B is stOl un- derstood in the spoken dialect, but an c-pao^ail peo is more frequently used. ^'' No one can slat/ me — Ni rualaing neac mo mapbao. All the words in this line are still in use except the first, which has long been obsolete. Ni peaoaio neac mo riiapBaò is the form of the sen- tence now generally understood, though it is varied in the provinces, as in Ulster ca D-C1J5 le neac mo riiapBao, in Con- naught ni rij le neac mo mapbao, and in Munster ni peioip le neac mo rhap- Baè. " Though he should find me in danger, literally, though I should happen to him in danger. Quanqttam offenderem illi in periculo. ■^ Comes to its destined period. — The verbs cicpa, will come, and caipnic, came, are sometimes used in old writings in the sense of to come to an end, to reach a fixed or predetermined period. Poem attrihuted to St. Columbkille. Nothing of it shall be wanting, Addition to it "svill not be [made'"]. The healthy person becomes sick, The sickly person becomes sound. The unhappy person gets into order, The happy person gets into disorder'-'. Whatever God has destined for one-^ He goes not from this world until he meets it", Though a prince should seek more-^ The size of a mite he shall not obtain^*. 25 -"My life, Sj-c — The language of this qua- tram would still be understood in most parts of Ireland, as the grammatical colloca- tion is still the same ; but the orthography is somewhat different, thus: TTIq puojul ! lèij map ip ail le Dia : ni oe ni reip- ceocciD, cuiUeaò aip ni biaiò. The only- real difference between them is the eoba in the termination of the future of ceap- cuijim, or rapcuijim, instead of the mo- dern eocaiD, and the use of the negative noca, for the modern ni or ca. " The healthy person, ^-c. — This qua- train would be well understood by a good speaker of modern Irish, were it not that the word inill, order, array, good plight or condition, has become obsolete. It would stand thus in modern orthography : biD 1 n-jalap neac ip plon, bio 50 plan neac ip eaplun; biò 1 n-inioU neac ip rpuaj, bio 1 n-eip-inioU euocpua^. ^ Whatever God has destined /or one. — Cec ni cinoep t)ia do neoc, would laiSH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. C be written in the modern Irish, ^ac ni cinneap t)ia do neac ; every word of which is well understood at the present day in all the Irish speaking parts of Ire- land. From the verb cinim, I ordain, fix, is formed the participial adjective cmce, fixed, certain, and the noun cinectrhain, the only word now used at present to de- note fate or destiny, as in the proverb Sapuijeapan uihlacc an cineatiiain, hu- mility overcomes fate. " He goes not from this world tnitil he meets it. — Ni ceic Do'n bic 50 pu pcaich, would be expressed in modern Irish by ni ceic oe'n c-paoijal no 50 pijF'ò ; P" pcaic, is now entirely obsolete. " Though a prince should seek more ^iD aipcino pipep ni ip mo. The word aipcino is explained in Cormac's Glos- sary by uapal cenn, a noble head, and is conjectured to be derived from the Greek «px»?- " The sixe of a r,ùte he shall not obtain. Poem attrihitted to St. ColumhkiUe. A guard One may bring with him on his path, But what protection, what — Has guarded him from death'" ? An herb is cut for the kine After their coming from the mountain ; What induces the owner of the kine Not to cut an herb for himself" ? No son of a man doth know For whom he maketh a gathering. Whether it is a gathering for himself Or a gathering for another person^**. iS — Upoail Fr'5^° "' F° po'P- ■'^U these words are still in use, except the last ; upoail, now generally otpeao, means quantum, as much as; PP'S^" denotes a mite, the smallest living animalcule ; but the verb po puip is no longer understood, nor is it explained in any of the dic- tionaries, but its meaning is evident here from the context. * Protection, Sfc This quatrain would be understood at the present day, were it not that the noun p^Dj semita, and the verb ainic, to protect, are obsolete. The following is the form which the modern Irish scholar would understand : comaip- ci I Beipeap ouine leip aip peao (.i. bea- lac) ace cpèao I an comaipce, — cpeao DO coiriièao è pin aip èaj ? '^ An herb is cut for the kine, S,-c. — The meaning of this quatrain is not very clear, as the custom to which it alludes is un- 40 Leave known ; it evidently refers to some sana- tive or antidotal herb given to kine after their removal from the summer pasture in the mountain, to a more sheltered place in the winter ; but the Editor has never heard of any such custom remaining at the present day. This quatrain would be written as follows in the modern Irish : òeancap lup do na buaiB, lap D-ceacc DoiK ap an c-pliuB, cpeao do Beip ap piop na m-bo ■^an lup do Kuain DO pein? *' No son of a man doth know, S^c The construction of this quatrain is exactly like the modern language, but it would puz- zle a modern Irish scholar, in consequence of the strange orthography of some of the words. It would stand thus in modern spelling: Hi pioipip mac ouine, cia o'a n-oèanann pè cpuinniù^aò; an cpuin- niùjao 00 pèin è, no, an cpuinniùjao oo Poem aftrihuted to St. ColumhkiUe. Leave out penury for a time, Attend to hospitality, it is better for thee, The son of Mary will prosper thee ; Each guest comes to his share-". It is often The thing which is spent returns, And the thing which is not spent. Although it is not spent, it vanishes. U\^ng God ! Alas for him who doth evil for any thing ; The thing which one sees not cometh to him, And the thing which he sees vanisheth from his hand'' 45 5° It neac eile. The verb pioip, to know, is now obsolete in the northern parts of Ire- land, but it is still used in Munster, and pronounced peaoap. In the province of Munster the phrase used is ni peaoap me, I know not; but the Irish speaking popu- lation of Connaught and Ulster would say, nt puil a piop ajam, i. e. its know- ledge is not to me, and would consider the form used in Munster as truly barba- rous I ^ Leave out penury for a time, 8jc. The meaning of this and the succeed- ing quatrain is very obscure. I under- stand them thus: Let us for awhile waive all reasonings about the austerities of the cloister, and speak of the festivities of the world ; and here we will observe each guest or individual obtaining his o-^vn share, unless God has otherwise predes- c tined it : for we will observe that things do not fall out as the mind of man would expect ; for that which the hospitable man spends on his guests returns to him through some other channel, while that which the miser hoards for his own private use is lost in a way which he never ex- pected. That this is the nieaning intended by the writer is clearly pointed out by the next quatrain, which says: O living God I Alas for him who doth evil for any con- sideration, for the thing, wliich thou seest not, comes to thee, and that which thou seest and possessest passes from thy hand. '° Oliving God, 8fc This quatrain would stand in modern Irish thus: Q Dhe Bi, [or bir-Beo], ip maipj do ni olc pa ni; ci^ cujao un ni nuc paicip, rèio ap do jlaic un ni do cioip. Poem attributed to St. ColumhkiUe. It is not Avitli the sreod our destiny is'", Nor witli tlie bird on tlie top of the twig^-, Nor with the trunk of a knotty tree, 55 Nor with a sordan^^ hand in hand ; Better is He in whom we trust, The Father, the One, and the Son. The distribution for each evening in the house of God, It is what my Eng hath made ; 60 He is the King who made our bodies, Who will not let me go to-night without aught^^ I adore not the voice of birds^*, Nor be idle to conjecture what it was until some real evidence of its meaning be dis- covered. ** The distribution/or each evening, Sfc The meaning of this quatrain is also ob- scure enough. The words would stand in the modern language as follows: Roinn ^aca nona a o-cij t)è, ly è do pinne mo plj; ip è un pij DO pitine dp j-copp, nac leij- piD me anocc jan nio. The mode of con- struction, nac am lei 5 pea, is now en- tii-ely obsolete ; the m in am is an abbre- viation of me, me, which is always placed after the verb in the modern language. '^ I adore not the voice of birds This evidently alludes to a pagan custom which lingered among the Irish people at the period of the composition of this poem. It appears from the derivation of opean, the wren, given in Cormac's Glossary, that the Irish believed that that little bird had the power of foretelling future events; " It is not ìEÌth the sreod our destiny is — Noca n-aj ppeoo aca ap cuio ; in mo- dern orthography, ni ag ppeoo aca ap 5-CUID. The word ppeoo is not explained in any Irish Dictionary, and it would be idle to conjecture on its meaning without some authority ; but if conjecture be al- lowed, it is the ancient form of ppeao or cpeoD, a flock or herd. '* Nor with the bird on the top of the twig Noca n-aj eoin Da bapp plac. In modern language, na ag ean ap Bapp plaice. This would seem to indicate that the people for whom the poem was written were accustomed to rely on the omens af- forded by birds, as certain indications of their future destiny. ^' Nor with a sordan Noca n-a^ pop- Don. — The word popoan is not to be foimd in any Irish dictionary or glossary yet discovered. It is highly probable that it was the name of an animal, but it would Poem aUriìnited to St. CohimbkiUe. Nor the sreod, nor a destiny'"' on the earthly world^', Nor a son, nor chance, nor woman. My Druid is Christ, the Son of God,— Christ, the son of Mary, the great abbot. The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. — IMy estates are with the King of kings, ]\Iy order is at Cenanuus'^** and Moen^". 65 70 It should have been noticed in the introductory remarks prefixed to this poem, that the occasion upon which it was composed is said to and there are preserved in tlie Library of Trinity College, Dublin, H, 3, 17, a cu- rious notice of the mode of interpreting the warblings of the wren and the croak- ings of the raven. tDpean is thus derived in Cormac's Glossary: 'opean, .1. opai en, .1. en DO ni paifcine. Drean, i. e. adruid- bird, i. e. a bird which makes a prediction' [prophecy]. This derivation is illustrated by a passage in the Life of St. Moling, pre- served in a MS. in Marsh's Library, 3, 1, 4, fol. 70, in which the following reference is made to the roren. " Quodam die le- gens sanctus pontifex Molyng sedendo in quodam loco cum suo ministro, venit ad eum ilia avis quse dicitur magus avium, eo quod aliquibus prabet augurium; et ipsa est minima, et habebat ilia muscam vivaui et ululantem in rostro suo." *■ Northesreod noradestiny — Ma ppeoo na pen. The word pen and peorh is used in MSS. to denote fate, destiny, chance ; and it is stated in Cormac's Glossary that it was a word used by the Druids for des- tiny. " On the eartldy world. — pop bir-ce. 6ic-ce is very frequently used in the best Irish poems and prose tracts to denote thi.s present world. It seems to be compounded of bic, life, existence, and ce, Greek y», the earth, but Irish glossographers are not agreed upon its derivation. In the Grelic translation of Psalm Ixxxix. 1 1, xc. 2, C'ru- innece is used to denote the globe of the earth ; but this seems a compound formed by the translator himself. 6ir ce is the com- pound always used by the ancient Irish. '* Cenannus, — now translated Headfort, is the old and present Irish name of Kells, in the county of East Meath, where St. ColumbkiUe erected a monastery in the sixth century. '^ Moen — generally called Maen Choluim Chille, now Moone, in the county of Kil- dare, about seven miles east of Athy. St. ColumbkUle is also the patron of this place, and there are still the remains of his ancient cross, which was elaborately sculptured, but the. church has been mo- dernized. Poem attrihited to St. Columhkille. to have been the following : immediately after the decision of the King of Ireland, which was given against Columbkille's right to the transcript he had made of St. Finnen's Psalter, the saint having pro- tested against the king's judgment, retired into the monastery of S. Boetius (now Monasterboice) " ubi ab amicis prasmonitus est" (says O'Donnell, Vit. S. Columba3, ap. Colgan, Trias Th. p. 409) " in monte Bregh [now Sliabh Brey], per quem sequenti die iter fac- turus erat, insidias ei a Eege Diermitio et suis parari, ne qua illi ad suos cognatos via pateret. Quare ut postera dies illuxit, propositum iter prosecuturus, solus et sejunctus a sociis, quos aliam viam carpere jussit, montem conscendit, ac quemadmodum et socii, diviuis canticis intentus seciu'e ac semuHs invisus percurrit." The same event is more fully related in an Irish Life of St. Columbkille, in the collection of Messrs. Hodges and Smith, in which the present poem is expressly quoted as having been composed by him on this occasion : " Then Columbkille said, I will go unto my brethren the Kinel Connell and Kinel Owen, and I will give thee battle in re- turn for the iniquitous judgment thou gavest against me in the case of the book, and in revenge for killing the son of the King of Connaught while under my pro- tection. For I deem it not sufficient that God shall take vengeance on thee (here- after) unless I myself take vengeance on thee in this life. Then the King of Ire- land commanded that not one of the men of Ireland should convey Columbkille out of the palace, or join him in opposition to himself. " Columbkille, however, left the palace without the King of Ireland's consent, and such was the providence of God over him "Qpannpin a oubaipc Colam CiUe, pacoD-pa 1 5-ceann mo bpaicpeac, eoon, Cinel Conaill ajiip Gojam, ajup do Beap car ouic-pi a n-eipuic na opoc bpeice pujciip opam pa ceann an leab- aip, ajup a n-oio^uil mic pi^ Connacc DO mapboD ap mo comaipce. Oip ni leop liom t)ia oo neanarh inni^re ope ann, ■^an me pein do òeanaiii Dio^alcaip ope 'pan c-paojal pa. Qp ann pni a DuBaipc pij eipeann nac lariiao neac D'peapaiB ©ipeann Cokim Cille do rioolacao ap an m-baile, ajup nac mo larhao aon Duine t ca duI na ajaiD pein. " t)o jluaip Colam CiUe cip an m-baile jan ceao do pij Gipeann, ajup DO bi coiiiieaD tDè aip, an mèioe pin nac De Concilio Hihernie. ap lèip DO cac, e, a^up nac B-pacaoap aj itnreacr ap an laraip ma B-piaò- naipe e, ajup do cuaiò 50 òaoiò an oiDce pin, ajupo ouBpaoap muinncip an Boile pip Dul up a coiinèaD ap SliaB Òpeaj ap na ihupac, oip a ouBpaoup 50 iti-beir muinnrip an pi poiriie do cum a jaBala. t)o cuip an pij cuioeacca o'a ihuinncip ap an c-plijio. Ro eipij Colam CiUe 50 moc up na mupac, ajup DO cuip a rhiiinncip 1 plije up leic ip in c-pliuB, ajup DO ^uB pein eolup eile na uonap. ConuD ann do pinne an luoiD. ' m'aonupcm oarh 'p'^i c-pliuB a pij 5r'°" P°^ popuioe peo noco n-eajul òampa ni màò DO m-bein cpi piciD ceo." him that he was not visible to the house- hold, and that no one saw him depart from the place or out of their presence, and he went that night to St. Boetius ; and the people of the place said unto him to go for safety upon Sliabh Breagh on the follow- ing day, for they said that the king's people would be before him to intercept and cap- ture him. The King did place a company of his people on the way. Columbkille arose early the next morning, and directed his people to go by a separate course over the mountain, while he followed another path alone. It was on that occasion he made the poem, " Alone I am on the mountain, O royal sun of prosperous way. To me no danger is apprehended. Any more than if I were three score hundred strong.'''' Art. II. De Concilio Hibernie per magnates tot ins illius Inside. JUsticiarius hie de communi consilio domini Regis in liac terra ad pacem &mius stabiliendam ordinavit et statuit generale par- liamcntum hie ad hime diem. Et maudatum fuit Arehiepiscopis, Episcopis, Abbatibus et Prioribus quomin preseneia videtur ad hex; esse necessaria, nee non et Comitibus, Baronibus et ahis optimatibus terre hujus ; videlieet unieuique corum per se, quod essent hie ad hune diem et cetera. Et iiicliilominus ]>receptum fuit vicecoraitibus Dublin, Loueth, Kyldarie, Waterfford, Typerary, Cork, Lymeiyk, Ker- rie, Connacie, et Roskoman, uecnon et senescallis hbertatum I\Iydye, Weyseford, l6 De Concilio Hihernie. Weyseford, Katheiiagli, Kylkenny etUltonie.quod unusquisque eorum per se, videlicet vicecomes in pleno comitatu suo, et senescallus in plena curia sua libertatis sue, per assensum comitatus sui seu liberta- tis eligi faceret duos de probioribus et discrecioribus militibus de singulis comitatibus et libertatibus, quod hie nunc interessent plenam potestatem habentes de tota communitate comitatus et libertatis et cetera — ad faciendum et recipiendum et cetera — et quod quilibet vice- comes et senescallus fmssent hie in propriis personis et cetera. Et Thomas Mydensis,NicholausLeglinensis,et ceteri episcopi,et Ricardus de Burgo comes Ultonye modo venit, et similiter Ricardus Taff vice- comes Dublinye, Willelmus de Hacche vicecomes Loueth et ceteri, Walterus Trouman senescallus de Trym et ceteri similiter veniunt et brevia sua retornata, et Walterus de lallaye et Eustacius le Poer electi per communitatem Hbertatis Kylkenny, Jeorgius de Rupe electus per communitatem comitatus Lymeryk et ceteri venerunt. Et Nicholaus Ardmacadensis archiepiscopus et ceteri absenciam suam excusantes miserunt hie procuratores seu attornatos suos ; videlicet predictus archiepiscopus N. et N. et ceteri, set Willelmus archiepiscopus Tuam- ensis et ceteri non venerunt. Et similiter Hugo de Leis imus electo- rum per comitatum de L}Tneryk et ceteri non venerunt. Ideo ipsi in misericordia. Et in presencia predictonmi episcoporum Mydensis, Leglinensis, et Comitum et Baronum et aliorum optimatum hie compa- rencivim de communi consilio domini Regis in hac terra facte fuerimt quedam provisiones et unanimiter ab omnibus iis concordate et con- cesse salvo jure domini Regis et cetera. In primis quia visum est quod comitatus Di;blin nimis est confu- sus, et partes ejusnhnis abinvicem remote et disperse, utpote Ultonia et Mydia et postmodum Lagenya cum valleDubhn et cetera; per quod minus competenter deservitiu: dommo regi in preceptis suis, et curie sue, nee non et poptdus suus minus sufScienter regitur sive guber- natur. Concordatum est quod de cetero sit quidam vicecomes in Ultonya De Concilia Hibernie. 17 Ultonya tam de Croceys Ultonye, quarn ad faciendas execuciones in libertate Ultonye, cum defectus inveniatur in senescallo predicte liber- tatis; et quod vicecomes Dublin a mode se non intromittat in Ultonya. Concordatum est eciam quod Mydya sit unus comitatus per se, tam videlicet terra libertatis de Trym quara terra Teobaldy de Verdon, et omnes terre Crocearum infra precinctum Mydye existentes; et quod de cetero sit ibi certus vicecomes, et comitatum suum teneat apud Kenles quolibet die Jovis post comitatum Dublin, etipse execuciones faciet in predicta libertate de Trym cum defectus inveniatur et ce- tera. Et predictus Teobaldus de Verdon pro se et Almarico de Sancto Amando tenente suo et eorum heredibus concessit, quod ipsi de cetero facient sectam ad predictum comitatiun Mydie, per sic quod absolvan- tur a sectis quas debent ad comitatum Dublin; et eis conceditur. Comitatus eciam Kyldarie, qui quondam fuit libertas intendens comi- tatui Dublin, sit de cetero comitatus per se, una cum terris Croceis et aliis terris participum dominici Lagenie infi-a precinctum ejusdem contentis, a jiuisdiccione vicecomitis Dublin totabter absolutus. Et sit ibi vicecomes sicut nunc est et cetera. Item quia quidam magnates et alii qui quasdam terras habent in marchiis prope Hybernicos et alias terras in terra pacis, manent et morantur in maneriis suis in terra pacis, terris suis in marchiis relictis vastis et incultis et sine custodia ; et felones Hybernici per medium hujusmodi terrarum vastarum in mai'chiis suis trauseuntes, libere pertranseimt ad perpetranda roberias, homicidia, et alia mala super An- glicos, et per eas redeimt sine arestacione, clamore vel impedimento; per quod quam plures marchie vel omnino destruuntur, aut pro majori parte ruinose sunt, Anglici inliabitantes et felonibus obediunt vel quasi in exilium effugantur. Concordatum est quod tenentes hujus- modi cujuscumque fuerint auctoritatis seu condicionis apponant et habeant wardas in terris suis in marchia juxta quantitatem terrarum illarum, ne malefactores pertranseant per terras illas impunes vel non IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. D . perSCCUtÌ, 1 8 De ConciUo Hihernie. persecuti, et quociens necesse fuerit tenentes hujusmodi ad hoc dis- tringantur per capcionem terrarum illarum in manum domini regis, et modis aliis qtiibus curie donaini regis melius videbitur expedire. Frequenter eciam accidit quod felones evadunt ciun predis sids aliquando captis in terra pacis, pro eo quod compatriote non habent equos ad arma ad insequendos eos sicut expediret. Quapropter con- cordatum est et concessum, quod quilibet tenens xx. libratas terre sive in marcliia sive in terra pacis cujuscunque fuerit condicionis, ha- beat unum equum competenter coopertum una cum ceteris armis que ad hoc pertinent continue promptum in sua mansioue. Alii auteni tenentes habeant hobinos et alios equos discoopertosjuxtasuas facul- tates. Et quociens defectus reperiatur in aliquo distringatur deficiens et puniatur secimdum arbitriimi justiciarii, vicecomitis et senescalli; magnates eciam et alii qvu. morantur in Anglia vel alibi extra terram istam qui proficua terre sue transferri fecerunt ad eos ab hac terra, et nichil hie dimittentes ad salvanda tenementa sua seu tenentes eorun- dem, de cetero permittant porcionem competentem remanere, saltim in manibus ballivorum suorum per quam terre sue proprie competen- ter salvari poterint et defendi si guerram seu pacis pertiu:bacionem per aliquos contigerit ibi suscitari. Et ad hoc faciendum ciun opus fuerit per vicecomitem sive senescallum efficaciter distringantur. Frequenter eciam evadunt felones cum predis suis, pro eo quod compatriote simul ciun eis non insurgunt, set quidam eorum quasi congaudentes dampno et mine vicini sui quo juste dolere deberent se simulant et tabescunt, permittentes felones hujusmodi cum predis suis indempnes transire. Quamobrem concordatum est et concessum, quod cum latrones seu robiatores veneriut in aliquam patriam ad capiendas predas vel aliud malum faciendiun, omnes compatriote quam cicius ad noticiam suam poterit adventus illorum devenire, simul in- surgant et illos insequantur cum effectu. Quicunque vero compa- triotarum illorum convinci poterit quod in iusurgendo vel in illos insequeudo De Concilio Hibernie. 19 insequendo necligens fiierit vel remissus erga dominiim regem gra\'iter puniatur, et leso partem rei perdite restituat juxtaculpam uecligencie sui vel remissionis, et secundum discrecionem justiciarii ad IiujushukU querelam audiendam assignati. Quia eciam communitas terre hujus multum hactenus gravata fuit per excercitus quos magnates duxerunt sine waranto per medium terre pacis et marchiarum ubi guerra non fuit. Concordatum est et concessiun quod nuUi licebit de cetero excercitum ducere extra terram suam, nisi super hoc licenciam a capital! justiciario vel mandatum habuerit speciale, et tunc omnes quotquot duxerit percipient vadia sua de suo ductore. Qui autem huic ordinacioni contravenerit erga dominum regem graviter puniatur, et lesis darapna restituet taxanda per visnetum competentem. Fuit eciam eadem communitas multociens gravata per magnates et alios habentes Kaernias \'iventes continue sumptibus alienis, tam in marcliiis quam in terra pacis, per quod populus vehementer est de- pauperatus, super quo concordatvun est et concessimi, quod nidlus de cetero cujuscunque fiierit auctoritatis vel condicionis teneat Kaer- nias sen homines ociosos pliires aut alios quam ipsemet poterit et vo- luerit de suo proprio sustinere, nee aliquis hujusmodi hominum ocioso- rum aliquid de cetero capiat ab aliquo vicino domiui sui aut alio contra voluntatem donatoris non coactam; quod si fiat de cetero ille qui hu- jusmodi ociosos tenuerit graviter puniatvu" per justiciariiun, vicecomi- tem et senescallum et lesis dampna restituat, et ociosus ille capiatur et imprisonetur quousque gi'aciam a curia domini regis meruerit optinere, nee sine plevina quod bene se geret in postei-um dimittatur a prisona. Frequenter eciam felones llybernici ad scelera perpetranda for- ciores sunt effecti per hoc, quod cum ad guerram fuerint vel aUquem intendunt destruere, perquirunt trebas seu treugas per quosdam An- glicos de vicinis suis sibi dari per certum tempus, ut integrius et securius vacare possint ad alios vicinos suos destruendos, quos cum D 2 destruxerint 20 De Concilio Hihernie. (lestriixeriut sepe contingit quod iidem Hybernici eosdem quos prius amicos esse sibi simulariint infra tempus trebe seu treuge persequun- tur, forcellata eorum et maneria destruunt et comburimt; et ne hujus- modi periculum eveniat de cetero, corcordatiim est et concessuni, quod uulli licebit de cetero habere vel tenere trebas seu treugas ctmi Hybernicis ad guerram, vel extra pacem existentibus, nisi treba ilia seu treuga sit universalis et equalis versus omnes, nidlo fideliiun ex- cepto vel relicto. Qid autem aliter trebam seu treugam ceperit vel concesserit Hybernicis extra pacem existentibus puniatur erga domi- niun regem tanquam particeps malefactibvijusmodiHybernicorum, et leso partem rei perdite restituat sicut superius dictum est de compa- triota cum vicino sue super felonem insurgere non volente. Frequenter eciam Hybernici ad guerram comittantur per hoc quod cum ad pacem sint vel trebam seu treugam habuerint generalem per certimi tempus, vel tuicio pacis per curiam domini regis eis con- cessa fuerit, quidam cupiditate ducti, quidam vero viudicte causa, vel invidie, seu namii capiendi, insidiantes eis subito vel noctanter ruunt in eos, terras eorum intrant, predas rapiimt vel eorum averia aut homines, nichil mali saltim tempore illo medio versus aliquem per- petrantes in marchiis suis inventos capiunt et abducunt, per quod Hy- bernici cum leves sint animo statim ad guerram prosiliunt, et ubi patria debilior esse creditur ibi depredantur tam illos, qui in nuUo participes fuerunt transgressionis eis facte, nee inde civerunt aut ad hoc consen- serunt, quam amicos et affines hujusmodi transgressorum, per quod patrie locis pluribus devastantur, et eo cicius quia raro accidit quod hujusmodi transgressores se fideliter intromittant ad pacem marchia- rium sustentaudam. Et ad malum hujusmodi vitandum de cetero, concordatum est et concessum, quod nidli licebit in futmaim quos- cunque Hybernicos ad pacem existentes, vel habentes certam trebam seu treugam, durante tempore trebe seu treuge vel diu'ante tempore tuicionis pacis eis concesse, dummodo Hybernici illi pacem tenuerint, tempore De ConciUo Hihernie. 21 tempore illo iuvadere sen insultare quacunque de causa vel colore, iiec aliquid ab eis rapere seu capere contra voluntatem eorum nou coactam; quod si quis contravenire presumpserit, graviter erga doiiii- num regem puniatur tanquam pacis sue pertiu'bator, et nicliiloniiuus Hybernicis sic lesis dampna restituat taxanda per visnetum compe- tentem. Frequenter eciam accidit quod cum Hybernici se dederint ad guerrandum ex arrupto vel improvise, capitali justiciario tunc in par- tibus remotis agente, pauci vel nuUi reperiuntur qui resistant et eorum malefacta reprimant vel pertiu'bent, per quod sepius terre marchia- rum quamplurimum devastantur. Ad quod pericidum vitandum in- posterum, concordatiun est et concessum, quod quam cicius Hybernici per homicidia vel incendia seu predas capiendo se posuerint ad guer- randum, omnes degentes in comitatu seu libertate ubi Hybernici illi sunt morantes, et eciam vicini sui de confinio marcliiarum suaruni concorditer et in simul insurgant in Hybernicos, et eis guerram manu- teneant sumptibus suis propriis quousque Hybernici illi ad pacem se reddiderint, vel trebas seu treugas optinuerint a magnatibus terre illius ad hoc deputatis, vel quod capitalis justiciarius aliud inde duxerit ordinandum. Iluic eciam ordinacioni non obediens per justiciarivun vicecomitem seu senescallum distringatur, et pro rebellione 8ua puni- atur pro demeritis culpe sue. Hybernici eciam de densitate boscorum et profunditatc morarum adjacensium confidentes assumvmt audaciam cicius delinquendi, maxima cum via regia locis quam plurimis spissitudine bosci velociter crescentis jam sunt indensate et obtruse, quod vix aliquis etiam pe- destris per eas poterit transire ; per quod cum Hybernici post male- facta sua revcrtentes ad boscum hujusmodi vel moram possint per- tingere, licet compatriote communiter vellent eos insequi et eos insequantur, evadunt sepius sine dampno, ubi si pateret accessus, ab eis qui eos insequuntur forent deprchensi. Super quo ordinatum est et 2 2 De Conci/lo Hibeì-nie. et concessiim, quod domini boscorum per medium quorum via regia fuit ab antique una cum tenentibus suis, passus, ubi via regia fore debet basso prope terram et satis large sumptibus suis, et tenencium suorum scindi faciat et colpari, adeo quod via pateat satis larga et a spinis et arboribus tam stantibus quam jacentibus totaliter emunde- tur. Si vero dominus et tenentes sm de loco ubi passus colpendus fuerit sufFrire non poterunt sine magno dampno custagia ad hujus- modi colpacionem necessaria, tunc dominus rex vel capi talis justicia- rius habere faciat eis auxilium de tota patria adjacente. Et si dominus ille cum tenentibus suis sic facere necglexerit, per vicecomitem dis- tringatur ad hoc faciendum, vel capitalis justiciarius illud fieri faciat sumptibus eorura, et nichilominus erga dominum regem graviter pu- niantur. Pontes eciam et calceta reparentur in locis suis sicut esse debent et solent, et ubi disrupta et confracta fuerint sive pontes sive calceta et ille qui ea reparare tenetur non sufiiciat ad tanta custagia, patrie ad quorum profectum erunt relevata invenient comuniter ad ea relevanda, et relevata manuteneat ille qui tenetur, et nichilominus cum facultas ei subfuerit reddat unicuique quod pacavit. Capitalis autem justiciarius graviter puniat quos huic ordinacioni contrarios invenerit vel rebelles. Tota eciam comunitas Lagenie, qne quondam fuit una libertas, simul levent, simul contribuant, simul guerram ver- sus Hybernicos manuteneant, unanimi concilio ducantur, et contradi- centes et discordes graviter puniantiu:. Anglici eciam quasi degeneres modernis temporibus Hybernicali- bus se induunt vestimentis, et habentes capita semirasa capiUos a retro capitis nutriunt, et allongant, et illos culan vocant, Hibernicis tam habitu quam facie sese conformantes, per quod frequenter accidit Anglicos quosdam pro Hybernicis reputatos interfici, licet Anglico- rum et Hybernicorum occisio diversos modos postulat puniendi, et per occisionem hujusmodi, inter quam pliu-imos inimicicie materia generatiu: et rancoris. Afiines quoque tam occisoris quam occisi sepe De Concilio Hibernie. 23 sepe prosternuntiir alternatim velud inimici. Et eo circa concorda- tum est et concessum, quod omnes Anglici in hac terra saltim in capite quod plus visui se presentant, mores et tonsuram gerant Anglicorum nee amplius presuniant avertere comes in colanum, quod si fecerint, justiciarius, vicecomes, senescallus libertatum, domini eciam in quo- rum dominio Anglici hujusmodi reperiantur, et eorum senescallus Anglicos illos per terras et catalla sua, nee non et per arestacionem corporis sui et imprisonamentum si necesse fuerit, liabitum Hyberni- calem saltim in capite seu capillis relinquere distringant, et compel- lant, nee amplius respondeatm- Anglico capud habenti in forma Hybernici transmutatum quam Ilyberiiico respondetiu- si in casu con- siinili questus esset. Assignentur de cetero in quoUbet comitatu et qualibet libertatL' ubi Hybernici sunt inhabitantes duo magnates, qui cum capi talis jus- ticiarius in remotis partibus exitterit cum Hybernici parcium illarum ad guerram se ponentibus licite tractent pro bono pacis; et si deposcat communis utilitas eis per alicquod ciurtum temporis spacium treugam seu trebam sub bona securitate liinc inde facienda concedant generalem, et statim mandent capitali justiciario quid agatur super hoc distincte et apurte, ut ipse justiciarius compe- tens remedium super hoc faciat ordinari. NOTES. Concilium This earliest record of an Irish Parliament has been noticed by various writers. It is entered incorrectly by Cox, in the Hibernia Anglicana, p. 86. An abstract of it is given by Leland, Book ii. chap. 2 ; it is partly printed in Harris's Ware's An- tiquities, chap. V. p. 36; and it is translated at length (from a transcript not perfectly accurate) in Sir William Betham's Feudal and Parliamentary Dignities, p. 262, et sequent. It is here printed for the first time in its original form, from the only ancient copy which is known, and which is preserved in the Black Book of Christ Church, Dublin, 24 De Concilio Hihernie. Dublin, fol. 6-8. From this venerable record it has been most carefully transcribed, and it is here printed as it stands in the original MS., without any alteration, except that of printing the contracted words at full length, and the correction of the following manifestly clerical errors, viz.: title, magnates pro magnatos; page 1 6, line 2J, jure jiToJuro; page 1 8, line 3, curie pro curia; page 18, line 18, competenter pro compenter ; page 18, line 29, devenire pro devonire; jjage 23, line 10, capiid ^rocapd ; page 23, line 2 1 , ordinari pro ordinare. Page ij, line 1. Jiisticiurius. — Sir John Wogan, Lord Justice from 1295 to 1307. Page 15, line 3. Hie ad huncdiem — There is some uncertainty both as to the time and the place of liolding this Parliament. It was probably held in Dublin, and the time must have been between 1289, in which year "William, Archbishop of Tuam, was consecrated, and 1 303, when Nicholas M'Molissa, Archbishop of Armagh, died, both of whom are men- tioned in the record as absent. The date commonly assigned is 1 295, but Sir WUliam Betham, having found the accounts of "Walter Hache, SheriiF of Louth, and Richard Taafe, Sheriff of Dublin, who returned their writs to this Parliament, on the great roll of the Pipe, for the 28th of Edw. I., 1297, has fixed it in that year; but if this was the case Harris is wrong in stating in his Synoptical Table, that Wogan the Justiciary, in whose presence this Parliament was held, was absent from the Government of Ire- land from 1 296 to 1 298. Sir John "Wogan bad letters of credence to the Irish nobles, in October, 1295 (Rymer, voh i. p. 829), and on May 13th, 1296, with the Earl of Ulster and the Irish nobles in his company, he was feasted by King Edward at the Castle of Roxburgh (Pembridge in anno). It may be worth noticing that in 1296, the year in which the Steward surrendered his castle of Roxburgh, Edward I. confirmed a grant made to the Steward by the Earl of Ulster, of the Castle and Borough del Roo, in Ireland Rot. in Tur. Land. 24 Ed. i . Page 15, line 5. Comitibus — The Roll of the persons who attended this Parliament has not been pre- served. The list which Sir R. Cox presents to the reader, and which is here given, to show, as he says, what sort of Parliaments were in Ireland in those days, is the list of the twenty-eight persons, to whom, on the i8th of October, 1295, Sir John "Wogan had letters of credence, and who may have been some of the Peers or Knights of this Parliament. It is probable that a greater number was summoned, as in 1 3 10 eighty-six Peers had writs of summons. Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster ; GeofFry deGene^lle; John Fitz Thomas; Thomas Fitz Maurice; Theobald le Butler; Theo- bald De Concilìo Ilihernie. 25 bald de Verdon ; Peter de Birmingham, of Athenry ; Peter de Birmingham, of Thet- moy ; Eustace de Poer; John de Poer ; Hugh de Purcel ; John de Cogan ; John de Barry; William de Barry; Walter do Lacy; Richard de Exeter; John Pipard; Walter L'Enfant; Jordan de Exeter; Adam de Stanton ; Symon de Phypo; William Cadell; John de Val ; Morris de Carew ; George de la Eoch ; Maurice de Rochfort ; Maurice Fitz Thomas of Kerry. As to the Constitution of this Parliament it consisted of the spiritual and lay peers, summoned individually, and of knights elected by the several counties and liberties pursuant to writs directed to the Sheriffs and Seneschals. There is no mention of any representatives of the cities or boroughs, who, however, attended the Parliament of Kilkenny in 1310, or of any proctors of the clergy, whose presence in these times was probably required only when the Crown demanded an aid or subsidy. Until a much later period all the members of the Irish Parliament sat commonly together, and occa- sionally the most important business was transacted by a Committee, as in the Parlia- ment of 1 3 10 (see Rot. Pat. 3 Edw. II. 63) ; and in the clause Judicium Casus Dubii in the Modus tenendi Parliamenta, which is good evidence of the practice of our Irish Par- liaments, at least in the time of Henry the Fifth, it is provided that this Committee should be reduced by successive elections from 25 to one person, " qui a seipso descen- dere (dissentire ?) non potest." Page 15, Ime 8. Dublin. — The fifteen counties and liberties here named comprehended the whole of Ireland, which, in legal theory at least, had all been reduced to shire ground previous to this time, aud tliere is evidence adduced by Serjeant Mayart in his Answer to Sir Richard Bolton, printed by Harris in the llibernica, chiefly taken from the Plea Rolls (when Kill they he 2>rinted?), that not only in theory but in fact, the king's writ ran through the greater part, if not through the whole, of Ireland, during the reigns of Henry III. and of Edward I., in which period the English had greater power in Ire- land than for some subsequent centuries. During this period, in the language of the Irish Address to John XXII. in 1318, a document which no Irishman can read with- out cither shame or anger, the native Irish, driven from their spacious habitations, and hereditary lands, were compelled for the safety of their lives to seek shelter in the mountains, the forests, the bogs, and other barren places, and even in the caverns of the rocks like wild beasts (S, ulldnMuli nn, lib. xii. c. 27); while the marches or borders were not one definite liin\ du nimj tin; country into two parts, but were in- terspersed throughout the whdir i-hmd \vhiri.'ver the barrenness of the soil caused it to be unoccupied by the Normans through neglect, or where the strength of the country deterred them from assailing it. IRISH ARCH. soc. MiscELL. VOL. I. E Page 26 De ConciUo Hihernie. Page 15, line 9. Libertatum.— These Irish liberties are called Counties Palatine by Davies, p. 108 ; but I have not found that name given to them in any Irish record. They seem to have resembled more closely the Regalities of Scotland, than the great English Coun- ties Palatine. The power of the Lords of these Liberties was very great, yet it has been thought to have been greater than it was. Under the short and comprehensive charters of Henry the Second they claimed, justly or unjustly, the pleas of the Crown, and almost unrestricted authority ; but although the recognition of these pleas was resumed, at least by the Lord of Meath (see Rot. Pat. 2 Hen. V. 137), yet in the confirmation charters of King John, whose bad reputation in England has hitherto pre- vented justice from being done to his exertions in the settlement of Ireland, there are introduced saving clauses to protect the rights of the Crown, and to limit the power of the lord over his barons, especially an appeal was given in all cases from the lord's court to that of the king ; and in this Parliament we have the appointment of a She- riff to make executions in the liberties, when the seneschall or lord's officer should be found in default. "With these restrictions it does not seem that it was an unwise mea- sure to introduce the Feudal system in planting a com-t of justice in every barony under the baron, giving an appeal from it to the court of the lord of the liberty, and from the court of the liberty to the court of the king, the supreme lord; nor must we forget that the natural progress of settled government (and Henry II. coiild scarcely have anticipated the centuries of confusion which have followed) would have been to break down any privilege of their immediate lord, which was grating to the lesser Barons and tenants, who could always fly from their petty tyrant to the protection of the throne. Whatever may have been the constitutional and political results of these great Feudal Lordships, the Lords assumed the state and ceremony of princes ; they liad their Treasurers, and Chancellors, and Barons of the Exchequer. The townlands of MarshaUstown and Seneschallstown, indicate the fees of the Marshall and Seneschal of the Lord of Meath, and even the subordinate Baron of Slane had his standard- bearer. It is in all likelihood to their imitation of this pageantry of the English Lords that the Irish chieftains were indebted for the names, if not for the services of some of the officers of their petty courts. — Ey-Many, p. 86, n. ^. For much information about these liberties we refer to the valuable works of Sir W. Betham and Mr. WiUiam Lynch, on Feudal Dignities, who have supported their oppo- site views on the interesting and still debateable question of the pecuUarities of the Irish peerage, with great acuteness, and have brought forward many documents, which illustrate Irish history, which are not to be found in any other printed works. Page De Concilio Hihernie. 27 Page i J, line 9 Mydye. — The Lords of the liberties of Meath, Wexford, Carlow, Kilkenny which then included Ossory, and of Ulster, in 1279, were respectively — Geoffry de Geneville or de JoinTÌlIe, a name famous in European history ; Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pem- broke; Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk; Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester; and Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster : princely names and princely lordships, but belonging all, except the last, to Irish absentees. Kildare and Leix, which, with Wexford, Carlow, and Kilkenny, formed the Lordship of Leinster, and which, at the division of the Earl Marshall's lands between his five sisters, had been assigned to Sibilla Countess of Ferrers, and Eva de Braosa, had been afterwards again subdivided amongst co-heii-esses, and were probably now held in such small portions, that no seneschal was appointed for them. Kildare, we see, had now its shyiff, and Leix was probably in union with Kilkenny or Kildare, and, if no seneschal was appointed, was subject to theSheriff of Dublin. PofjC 16, line 9. Thomas Mydensis Thomas St. Leger, consecrated Bishop of Meath in 1287, died in 1320; Nicholas Cheevers, Bishop of Leighlin, consecrated in 1277, died in 1309; Nicholas Mac Melissa, Archbishop of Armagh, consecrated in 1272, died in 1303; and WiUiam de Birmingham, Archbishop of Tuam, consecrated in 1289, died in 131 1, are the Prelates named in this record. The See of Dublin was vacant from 1 294 to De- cember, 1297, in which interval this Parliament was probably held — Ware''s Bishops. Paye 16, line 10. Ricardus Taff. He was summoned to the Parliament of Kilkenny, 3 Edward IL 1 3 10. Walter Hacche does not occur in the Calendar Rot. Cancell., but it is a name well known in Louth. I have found no traces of Walter Tronman. Paye 16, line 13. Walterus de la Haye Escheator of Ireland in the reign of Edward I., and at the beginning of that of Edward II Lit. Antiq. 19. Rot. CI. 2 Edw. II. 6. Hut. Pat. 3 Edw. II. 12. Ibid. Eustacius la Poer Is frequently mentioned in the Rot. Cane, of this time, and ge- nerally in connexion with the Liberty of Kilkenny. E 2 Paye 28 De Concilio Hihernie. Paye 1 6, line 1 4. Jeorgius de Rupe. — Was one of the Magnates who had personal summons to the Parliament at Kilkenny, 3 Ed. II. His name and that of Eustace le Poer are amongst those to whom Sir John Wogan had letters of credence. Page 1 6, line 1 9. Hugo de Leis Thomas, son of Hugo de Leis, was constable of the Castle of Lime- rick, before 1326. — Rot. CI. 20 Ed. II. 42. Page 16, line 26. Comitatus Dublin In the Council at Oxford, in 1 1 84, in which Henry II. gave the Lordship of Ireland to his son John, he assigned to the service of Dublin the whole land of OiFelana, Kildaran, and the whole land of Offalaia and Wikechelon (Wicklow) with the appurtenances, and the service of Meath, and the service of four knights due by Kobert Poer for his Castle of Dunavet, which was situated near Eathfarnham, and paid tithes to the Archdeacon of Dublin — Alani Regist.t. 78, Trin. College Copij ; see Hoveden, Henrious Secundus, f. 324, in Rer. Anglic. Script, post Bedam, and Harris's Ware's Antiq. 196. Fingal in the Valley of Dublin, being afterwards granted to Walter de Lacy, was incorporated with Meath, and with it became subject to service in Dublin. To Wexford Henry II. had assigned Harkelou (Arklow), and Glascarric (Glascarrick, on the coast near Gorey), with their appurtenances, the land of Gilbert de Boisrohard (Gile- bert de Borard. Conq. of Ireland, 1. 3 1 1 7) ; Ferneg Winal (Fernegenal. Conq. of Ireland, 1. 3081 ; Fernegenelan, Harr. Ware's Antiq. p. 191); and Femes, with their appurtenances, the whole land of Hervey (de Momorrenci) between Weseford and the water of Water- ford, the service of Raymond de Druna (perhaps the service of Raymond le Gros for Odrone) ; the service of Frodrevelan (Fothert Onolan) ; the service of Uthmorthi (Omorethi, Conq. Irel.) ; of Leighlerin (Leighhn) ; the holding of Machtaloe (Machtalewy. Hib. Exp. 1. 32. CarnaUoway ?) with its appurtenances, and Leis, the land of Geoffry de Costentin, and the whole land of Otueld (O'Toole); Hoveden vbi supra. All these lands forming, with Ossory and Wicklow, the Lordship of Leinster, which had been granted to Strongbow, were to pay suit and service at Wexford, according to Heni-y's applotment ; but afterwards {postmodum is the word used in the record), these duties were transferred to Dublin. In the Finis et Concordia between Henry II. and Roderick, King of Connaught, made at Windsor in 1 1 75, all Leinster is called the appurtenance of Wexford, " Wase- fordia cum omnibus pertinentiis suis, scilicet cum tota Lagenia." In the copy of this treaty given by Hoveden, tibi supra, f. 312, the name which is printed Raida in Ry- De Concilio Hihernie. 29 mer's Foedera, vol. i. p. 32, new Ed., is printed Nida, a nearer approach to Mida or Meath, which, it is evident from Henry's charter to Hugh de Lacy, was the name of the original. Although the land which is between Waterford and the water which is be- yond Lismore, and the whole land of Oiseric (Ossory) were assigned to Waterford, we we find that in 1302 the SheriiF of Dublin had a writ, ordering him to correct the de- fault of the Seneschal of Kilkenny.— TJo/. Pat. 31 Ed. I. 4. Page 17, line i. Croceys The crosses or churchlands were exempted in almost all, if not in all cases, from the most comprehensive grants to laymen, see De Lacy's charter for Meath, and the charter for Ulster; and the jurisdiction in them was exercised either by a senesghal appointed by the Churchman, if it was erected into a Liberty, or by the King's Sheriff. Davies, p. 107. In the collections of Christopher Cusake, who was Sheriff of Meath, in the second year of Henry VHI. MSS. Trin. ColL Dub. (E. 3. 33.), is an Extente, giving the con- tents of the crosses in the several baronies in Meath, DubHn, Irryell, and Kildare, also all the pollyes (free lands) that is in Meath. The extent of Meath is as foUows : " ThebarronyeofDwleke, xxx" ii c. iiii^" and xvii acr. &c. The crosse of y* same, xi c. di &c. The barrony of Rathouth, xx" c. &c. The crosse of the same, iui c. and xiii. acr. &c. Donboyne, x c. &c. The crosse of the same, ii c. &c. The barronye of Deese, xx" viii c. &c. The crosse of the same, ii c. &c. The barronye of Moyfinragth, xvi c. &c. The crosse of the same, iiij c. &c. The barronye of Lune, xx" c. et alias xxviiic. The barronye of Kenlys, xxvii c. &c. The crosse of the same, iii c. &c. The barronye of Margalinge, xx" ii c. &c. The crosse of the same, The barronye of Slane, xx" c. &c. The crosse of the same, The barony of the Nowane, x.xx" vi c. et di. The crosse of the same, iiij c. et di. The barronye of Serine, xxx" iii c. &c. The 3o De Conciìio Hibernie. The crosse of the same, iii c. iiii'^'' and x. acr. The barronye of Deltvine, vic.&c. The crosse of the same, i c. &c. The barronye of Fowre, vi c. &c. The crosse of the same, iiii c. &c. The barony of Mayosill (Moyasliill), . . . vi c. &c. The cross of the same, The barronye of May thyra Dernenane, . . vi c. &c. The cross of the same, i c. &c. The barronye of Carkary, iiii c. &c. The crosse of this same, The barony of Meyguishe, vi c. &c. The cross of this same, Sm". the counte of Meath iii'= carows [carucates or quarters] et xiii c. and sxx" vii. acr." As the sum total does not agree with the items there must be some error in this extract, but it is here given as indicating the proportion of the cross to the lay lands in the county of Meath. Page 17, line 5. Teobaldy de Verdon Theobald de Verdon, son of Margery de Lacy, and Geoffry de Geneville, husband of MatUda de Lacy, the grand-daughters and co-heiresses of Walter de Lacy, held the Lordship of Meath in purparty. Loghseudy and Trim were the heads of their respective moieties. The bounds of these moieties it would perhaps be difficult to ascertain ; and it would appear that de Geneville"s Liberty of Trim ex- tended into the present county of Westmeath. Rot. Pat. 20. Ed. IlL 3. De Verdon's moiety was not limited on the west by the bounds of Westmeath. The presentcounty of Longford, and even part of Eoscommon, were included in his portion of Meath, Loos- medi (Loghseudy), Moydewe (Moydow), and Adleck (Athleague), were amongst the possessions forming part of Meath, which were confirmed to him in the 12th year, Ed. I. Lit. Antiq. 9. De Verdon's moiety was seized into the King's hands, either by Henry III. {Rot. Pat. 3 & 4 Ed. IL 50), or by Edw. I. {Rot. Pat. 2 Hen. V. 137), and does not appear to have been restored to him, or to his son. In 1330 the whole Liberty, with all its privileges, was reunited in favour of Eoger Mortimer, Earl of March, and husband of Joan, heiress of Geoffry de GeneviUe, from whom it descended through the Earls of March, and Eichard Duke of York, to King Edward IV., and was finally annexed to the Crown by Henry VII. De ConciUo Hibernie. 31 Page 17, line 10. Almarico de Sancto Amanda. — Lynch supposes that the lands which Almaric de St. Amand held from Theobald de Verdon, were those four carucates of land called " le Kyn," which formerly belonged to Ua-gormau the Irishman, and which were confirmed to him by Henry III. (Lynch, Dignities, 159); but this supposition is not free from difficulties. In 1425, Sir John Talbot, afterwards Earl of Shrewsbury, was Lord of Loxeuedy, as one of the representatives of De Verdon, and his tenant was Henry M'Adam Rot. Pat. 3 Hen. VI. 112. In the time of Sir Henry Piers the memory of Theobald Verdon was still preserved in the neighbourhood of Lough Seudy, in the name of Maghere Tibbot, and in a tradition of his death in a battle said to have been fought there in the time of Henry VIII. Page 17, line 14. Kyldarie In the patent of the Earldom of Kildare, granted to John Fitz Thomas, in 13 16, the office of Sheriff was specially reserved, but in the following year the liberty was revived in his favour, and the office of Sheriff, which seems to have been the essential distinction of a liberty, was conferred upon him {Eot. Pat. 1 1 Ed. II. 1 7), and was possessed by his descendant in the reign of Henry VIII. Page 1 7, line 20. Marchiis. — These Marches are not to be confounded with the English Pale, the narrow district in the vicinity of Dublin, which in the fifteenth century acknowledged English authority, but which never formed the limit of English power in Ireland. Page 17, line 28. Concordatum A comparison of the enactments of this Parliament with the recog- nizance of the English and Irish wardens, and the indenture of Erie Gerralde of Kil- dare, in 1524 (State Papers, vol. ii. part iii. pp. 108, 18), will shew, that in the intervening centuries, no progress had been made by the English in good government, while their power had gradually diminished, and wiU prove the vanity of all legal pro- visions which depend for their execution on the will of the people, when they are made in opposition to national habits and circumstances. To improve a people by legislation there needs a strong government. Page 1 8, line 9. Eqmim competenter roopertum. — " Thirty steeds both fleet and wight Stood saddled in stable day and night. 22 De Conciìio Hihernìe. Barb'd -n-ith frontlet of steel, I trow, And with Jedwood-axe at saddle bow, A hundred more fed free in stall, Such was the custom of Branksome Hall." — Scoffs Lai/. The doings of the Scotch mosstroopers and borderers have been made famous through the world, and genius has lavished upon them the riches of romance and poetry ; but we have had no Walter Scott to foster a spirit of comprehensive patriot- ism, by making us proud of our country, by ennobling whatever was praiseworthy in the national character or history, and by shewing how much of the misconduct of all parties was the result of their unhappy circumstances, and how it was mixed vnxh spontaneous and independent good, and often corrected by it. For the illustration of almost all the clauses in this Act of Parliament the reader is referred to the notes on the Statute of Kilkenny, a valuable contribution to the his- tory of his country, in which, from authentic and unpublished records, Mr. Hardiman has materially increased our knowledge of the state of Ireland in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Page i8, line 25. Sitmdant et tahescimt There seems to be some error in the text ; the meaning is perhaps " pretend to be ill." The whole of this record has the air of a translation into the Latin of the time, from the Norman French in which it is probable that the Act was originally written. Page 19, line 18. Kaeruias scu homines ociosos. — Kerns or Idlemen. Page 22, line 3. Basso The meaning here is plain, the construction very difficult. If the word could be allowed, bassari, to be levelled, might be conjectured as the right reading. Page 22, line 29. Hyhernicorum occisio. — It is not to be supposed because the Irish had not the be- nefit of the English law, that therefore they were altogether without the protection of all law. The Irish law was observed towards them in the midst of the English. The English settlers brought with them the law of England, but the Irish were governed by the old law of the country. In the fifth article of the Synod of Cashel, held in 1 172, the continuation of the Irish law of money compositions for homicide, is plainly intimated in the treaty between Koderick, King of Connaught, and Henry II. in 1 1 75 ; the Award concerìiint/ the TolhoU. 2)Z tlie Irish tenants wlio returned to the lands then lield by the English Lords, were to pay at the will of their Lords, either the tribute imposed upon Roderick, or the ancient services which they were wont to pay. The Irish Magna Charta of Henry III. was addressed exclusively to the English of Ireland, leaving the Irish Customs un- touched, and a petition addressed by the people of Ireland to Edward II., shews that in some cases a distinction in favour of the Irish criminal was made in the King's Courts, between an English and an Irish convict, so late as 1 3 1 6, see the King's writ to the Lord Justice, &c., printed in the appendix to Grace, from Rymer, vol. ii. p. 293. Were other evidence of the fact wanting, it is to be found in this Statute, which de- clares that the slaying of an English and an Irishman requires different modes of punishment, and enacts that an English plaintiff, wearing his hair in the Irish fashion, is to be answered in court as an Irishman. What these Irish laws were, by whom tiiey were administered, and how long they were observed in concurrence with English law, are matters which it is to be hoped the labours of the Archaiological Society will hereafter elucidate. In Grace's Annals, p. 84, n. are some reasons for the wish of the Anglo-Irish nobles that the English law should not be granted to their Irish vassals. R. B. Art. III. Hereafter ensnyth the Copy of the Award as eonsernyng the Tolboll ' THIS award and ordyuance indentyd made the vii'" day of De- cember the xvi'" yer of the reyng of Kyng Henri the viii'", wyttenissith that wheras ther was certayn warience and debates long dependyng bctwix Nichohis Queytrot late mayr of the cittie of Dub- lin, Bertheleme Blanchewill and John Candell then beyng balliues of the sayd cittie and the commonis of the same of the one party, and Thomas, Abbot of the house of Seynt Thomas the Martyr bc- sydis Dublin and his convent of the same, of the other party, as con- sern}Tig a certayn custom callyt Tolboll, wherapon the sayd Tliomas, Abbot, the furst day of August, the yer aforsayd dyd put a bill of compleynt ayens the forsayd mayr and ballywes befor Jamus Denton, Sir Rauff Egerton, knyght, and Antony fitz llerbard, one of the IRISH .\RCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. F * jUStÌCeS 34 Award concerning the Tolboll. justices of the Kyngis Common Place in Ingland, tlien they beyng the Kyngis commyssioners in Irland, deckryng and supposyng by his sayd bill that wheras Kyng John, then beyng Kyng of Ingland, did yew and graunt and by his dede conferme to the Abbot of the house of Seynt Thomas aforsayd, and to his successores, and to the chanonys ther dojmg Godis dewyn service, such custom of ale and methe as the sayd Kyng John vsyd to haw and lewy in the taverens of Dublin, that ys to say, of every brew of ale or methe to be sold in Dublin, one mesiu'e callit the Tolboll (conteynyng in hit self a gallon and di:) of the best ale and methe, and as mych of the secound, and how that the sayd Abbot and his predecessores was seysyd of the sayd custom callit Tolboll by reyson of the Kjnigis graunt, till they was lettyd and disturbit by the foresayd mayr and ballj^'es, as pleynly hit doth apper by the forsayd Abbottis bill of compleynt ; by reyson wherof hit was ordirrit, jugyt, and decreyt by the forsayd commyssioners and the Kyngis Counsaill her in Irland, by the assent of the sayd Thomas, Abbot and his convent, and att ther request and desir the vi. day of August, the yer aforsayd, that the forsayd Nicholas Qiieytrot, William Talbot, "Walter Ewstace, and Cristofer Vssher of Dubhn, merchauntes, shold by ther discressyon and concyence moderate and apoyn how mych and what ale and nieth, other how mych mouy the sayd Abbott and his successores shall haw yerly of the breweres that brew to sill in the sayd cittie for the same Tolboll and custom. And the seyd matyr of warience moderatyd, appoyntyd, and ordirryt by the said Nicholas, William, Walter, and Cristofer, arbitrours deputyt by the forsayd commys- syoners and the Kyngis Counsaill her in Irland, att the request and by the assent of the sayd Abbot and his convent, the sayd Abbott, his conuent, andther successores for euer to stand by the sayd raodera- cion, ordynance, and apoyntment, and to resew the same custom or other thyng without raakyng furdyr trowble or sute therfor, prowydit that Award concerning the Tolholl. 35 that the sayd moderacion, ordynance, and apoyntment be made by the sayd Nicholas, WiUiam, Walter, and Cristofer, by the fest of the Consepcion of our Lady next ensuyng the date abow wryttyn. And we the sayd Nicholas, William, Walter, and Cristofer takyng apon vs the said ordynance acordyng to the forsaid decre yewin by the sayd commissioners and the Kyngis counsall by good and matur de- hberacion, examyng the title and prowys of the sayd Abbot conser- nyng the sayd custom callit Tolboll ; and in as mych as hit apperith vnto vs the sayd Nicholas, Wilham, Walter, and Cristofer, mervelouse hard, and defust, how and in what maner the sayd custom callj't Tolboll had a begynyng, and what they were that shold pay hit or whatt quantyte, or how many peckes euery brewer dyd brew ; and yf anny had brewyd under the sum of xxx'' bussellis then hit to be accountyd as no brew wherof they or anny of them shold pay Tolboll. And ouer this, for as mych as hit apperith notte vse, the sayd Nicholas, Wilham, Walter, and Cristofer by reyson that we ne none of vs saw nott the exsperience ne poscession ne the forme of the takyng of the sayd custom callit Tolboll pro wy .. ne rerryt [s^c], sens tyme ofmynd, so that by all simylytude att the tyme of the sayd Abbottis graunt consernyng the Tolboll ther was certayn breweres that brewyd for the hold cittie which brewj^d xxx" or xl" bussellis att a brew after the co[stom] of London and otherwheres, by reyson wherof the shold pay Tolboll, and now none within this cittie of Dubhn brew nott past ij bussellis, iiij other, viij att the furdyst att a brew, which ys spent for the more parte in ther housis, and soo nott in the case that they owght to pay Tolboll. Wherfor hit was awardyd, adyugyt, moderattyd, and appo}aityd by good discression and concyence, by vs the sayd Nicholas, William, Walter, and Cristofer the forsayd vij* day of December, the yer aforsayd, att the Blake Freres "svithin the cittie of Dublin, that the sayd Thomas, Abbot and his convent and ther suc- cessores for euer shall haw hensforward of euer}' brew or of euery F 2 brewer T,6 Award concerning the Toiboll. brewer that brewys to the som of xvj busselUs att a brew to be sold, the custom callyt TolboU, that ys to say, a gallon and di : of the best ale or methe, and as mych of the ij"* ale and raethe and none vnder the sum of xij bussellis, euery bussell conteynyng in hymself xvj gallonys. And for the more sure accomplissyng and fulfyllyng of all and euery of the premissis, we the sayd Nicholas, William, Walter, and Cristofer award and juge that the sayd Thomas, Abbot or his successores and cowent, bynd them and ther successores for euer vnto the mayr, ballywes, and commons of the citte of DubUn, and to ther successores in a obUgacion of iij'^ li. of leffuU mony of Irland vnder ther commen seall. And that the majT, ballywes, and commons be bound for them and ther successores in like maner vnder ther commen seall, vnto the sayd Abbot and convent and ther succes- sores for euer; and, the sayd obligacionis wryttyn sellyt and delyueryd in maner aforsayd, then we the sayd Nicholas, William, Walter, and Cristofer award and juge that the mayr of the cittie of Dublin for the tyme beyng, and his successores, shall pay or cause to be payd vnto the Abbot and convent of Seynt Thomas-Court aforsayd, and to ther successores ten syllyinges of laffull mony of Irland to be payd yerly the morow of Mighalmas day yf hit be duly askyt of the mayr that shal take his oth that day ; and that in discharge of all pety breweres within the cittie that brewys viider the sum of xvj bussellis. In wyttenis that this ys our award, we the sayd wardismen hath sub- scribit our namys, and for the more prof putto our seallis. And because that our seallis beth to many men unknowin therfor [the] prowost seall of the citte of Dublin, att our request and desir, ys put [to] this present wryttyng, and also the commen seall of the sayd Abbot and convent, att our request and desir, ys putto in like maner. Copia vera. Her offer Decree eoncerniììu; tlte Tolbull. Herafter ensiiijth the Copy of the Deere yeirin heticix the Ciftie and Sejjnt Thomas-Courtt,as consernyng the Tolboll and other Thynges. MEIM"*. That wlieras tlier was certayn contrauersies, warience and debates dependyng betwix Jamus Cotterell, Abbot of the house of Seynt Thomas the Mart3T by DiibUn, and his con- vent of the same of the one party, and Walter Ewstace, ma}T of the cittie of DubUn, Alexander Bexwike and Ricliard EUot, balHwes of the sayd cittie, and the Jures and comonis of the same of the other party, as consern}aig a certayn custom callyt Tolboll, — a bote to fish apon the water of the cittie, — the ordirryng of the watyr that comys fro Dodd}T vnto the sayd cittie, — the jurisdiccion of all the howsis in Seynt Thomastrett that the forsayd Abbot pretends to be of his glebe, exsept one franke house leyng by Seynt Katerinys churcli styll, — the ordirryng and rydyng of the fraunches in euery wher about Se}TitThomas-Courtt, — the coronership in all wheres within the fraunches, — forty .s. yerly that the balliwes for the tyme beyng was wont to be allowyd by the forsayd Abbot and convent for ther good payment of xx" merkes due vnto them by the Kyngis noble progeni- tores grauntes, — and also a certayn corn that the keper of the watyr of the sayd cittie was accustomyt to lewy, and percew of and apon all the forsayd Abbottis myllis yerly. Wherapon the sayd parties, by ther own assentes, by ther seuerall dedes obhgatory, berryng date the xij"" day of August, the xix"' yer of tlie reyng of our Souerayn Lord Kyng Henri the viii"" att Dublin, within the cittie and county of Dub- lin, dyd subrayt themself vnto the award, arbytryment, and jugnient of vs, John Burges Abbott of the house of oiu" blissyd hidy the Vergyn of Dublin, William Ilassard Priour of the Cathedi'all Chui'cli of the blissyd Trynitc witliin the cittie of DubUn, John Kicardes Dean of Seynt 38 Decree concerning tlie TolboU. Seynt Patrickis of Dublin, and John fitz Symon of Dublin nierchaunt, arbitrovu-s indeferently cliosyn betwix the sayd parties. And the sayd arbitrours, by good and matm-e deliberacion, duly examyng all the forsayd contraversies and debates, and also the right, interest, title, and prowys of both the parties consernjTig all and euery poynt of the premissis. Furst, do award and juge that the sayd parties shall remyt and foryew vnto others all maner of rancores and displesures dependyng betwix them consernyng anny poynt of the premissis fro the begynyng of the world vnto the date herof Item, also we award and juge that the mayr, balliwes, and comenys of the sayd cittie of Dublin, and ther successores for euer, shall haw the jurisdic- cion and ordyrryug of the watyr that comys fro Doddyr vnto the forsayd cittie in as ample and as large maner as they shall devise or haw had in tyme past, the forsayd Abbot of Seynt Thomas-Courtt and his conuent and ther successores for ever aydyng and assistyng the sayd ma}^, balHifes, and comenys and ther successores, all tymes con- venyent in as ample and as large maner as the forsayd Abbot of Seynt Mary Abbay and Priour of Cristis Church and ther successores shall ayde and assist them, to bryng the sayd watyr in his ryght course, as hit hath gon of old tyme, as well vnto the sayd Abbot and conuent of Seynt Thomas-Courtys myllis as to the cittie, the sayd Abbot and conuent and ther successores for euer payng yerly out of all tlier myllis, without anny contradiccion, vnto the keper of the watyr of the cittie for the tjme beyng eyght busselHs of corn, that ys to say, iiij peckes of whet and iiij peckes of malte of such as groys and commys of the profites of the sayd myllys. Item, also we the sayd arbitrours award and juge that the forsayd Abbott and conuent of Se}Tit Thomas- Court and ther successores for ever, in consyderacion that Thomas Holder, late predecessor vnto the sayd Abbot, nott only by the ad- wise of the Kyngis counsaill and the Kyngis commyssioners then beyng in Irland, but also by the adwise of his own conuent sub- myttyd Decree concerning the Tolboll. 39 myttyd themself vnto the award, arbytryment, and jugment of William Talbott, Walter Ewstace, Cristofer Vsslier, and Nicholas Queytrot of DubUn, merchauntes, as consernyng the custom callyt Tolboll which they pretendyt to lewy and percew of euery brewer within the cittie and the sayd iiij. worshipfull men tak}Tig apon them the sayd arbitryment and jugment, as well att the request and intercession of the Kyngis counsaill and commyssyoners, as also att the request and desp- of the forsayd Abbot of Seynt Thomas-Court, ys predecessor, duly examyng many and dyverse tymys, to ther grett payn and labour, how the sayd custom callyt Tolboll had a begjTi}a)g or how or in what maner hit shold be payd, dyd yew a certayn award,* decre, and jugment apon the sayd Tolboll, berryng date the vii* day of December, the xvi* yer of the reyng of Kyng Henry the viii'^, which decre, award, and jugment we the sayd arbitrours award and juge that liit be well and truly accomplishyd and performyt for euer in euery poynt in hit comprisyd, as well of the sayd Abbot and conuent and ther successores parte, as also of the ma}T, balliwes, and commonys and ther successores parte. Item, also we the sayd arbi- trours award and juge that the sayd Abbot and conuent, and ther successores for euer, shall haw ther bote to fysh apon the wat}T of the cittie in like maner as the Abbot of Seynt Mary Abbay haw without anny contradiccion, so that the sayd Abbot and conuent, ne none of ther successores sill noo samon ne sett ther bott for halwys, but that all such fysh as ys takyn with ther bote goo allway to the vse and behoff of ther place, or els to be yewin and mynystrytt att the discres- sion of the Abbot for the tyme beyng. Item, also we, the sayd arbi- trours, award and juge that whensoeuer the mayr, balliffes, and comenys of the sayd cittie of Dublin, or ther successores, r}'de tlier fraunches that they lew Waxamys gate and the hold Monastcrii of Seynt Thomas-Court apon ther right liand, and the forsayd Abbott and conuent, and ther successores for euer, apon a reysonable sob- monycion 40 Decree concerning the To/boll. monycion or Avaruyng yewin vnto them by the niayr and ballywes for the tyme beyng, or by ther officeres, to make and prepar a way ouer ther mylpound by Wexani}- s gate, that the mayr, balliwes, and aldermen, with the swerdberrer and masbereres, may goo pesable afote without anny iuteruppcion throw the sayd Abbot and convent ys me- due, doyng as Httill prejudex or hurtt vnto the sayd medue as they can, and all the vrplus of the sayd mayr and balliwes company to ryde and goo in the hjTv^ay by. Item, also we the sayd arbitrours award and juge that the forsayd Abbot and conuent of Seynt Thomas- Courtt, and ther successores for euer, shall haw the jurisdiccion, or- dirrpig, and correccion of all maner of trespaces and offences don and commyttyt within ther Abbay or carne of Donouer, or within such howsis as they pretend to be of ther glebe, exsept all maner of pleys or thyngis that belongis or appertanys vnto our Souerayn Lord the Kyngis coron, and to the langable of the sayd cittie, the mayr and ballywes for the tjrme beyng, and ther successores for euer, calljaig befor them as fale tymys and as oftyn as nede requir, such personis as dwell within or apon the sayd glebe or carne, for anny maner of cause or mat)T belongyng or appertaynyng vnto the coron. Item, also we the sayd arbitroiu's award and juge that the forsayd Abbott and convent, and ther successores for euer, shall allow and discharge the balliwes of the cittie of Dublin for the tjme beyng, and ther successores for euer, of xvj". and viij*. of currant mony of Irland, of the twenty merkes that ys due vnto them and ther successores apon the feferme of the cittie of Dublin by the Kjmgis graunt, and that in consyderacion of ther good payment and of the grett payn and labour that the balliffes for the tyme beyng tak in getheryng and lewyng of the sayd xx" merkes by pety parcellis, as by pens iij**. iij ob. otherwise, and that the sayd Abbott and convent and ther successores for euer, say yerly euery tyme of the payment of the sayd mony, and in exspecially in die animarwn in ther chapter house de Decree concerning the Totboll. 41 cle profundis ouer and abow the de profimdis that they ar bound to say otherwise by ther ord}T or constitucionis, for the sowlys of our souerayn lord the Kyngis noble progenitores, and for the sowlys of the mayi'es, bayllyifes, cittesentes, and comenys of the cittie of Dub- lin, and ther successores for euer. In wittenis that this ys our award indentyd betwix the sayd parties, we, the sayd arbitroiu's, hath sub- scribyt our namys, and for the mor proff putto our sealhs the xx"* day of September, the xix yer of the re}Tig of our souerayn lord Kyng Henry the viii"'. Copia vera. The preceding documents are printed from copies preserved in a MS. belonging to the Corporation of the City of Dublin (fol. 130, &c.), for the use of which the Irish Archasological Society is indebted to the Corporation, and particularly to William Ford, Esq., Town Clerk, who has, in the kindest manner, assisted two Members of the Society in their researches among the city muniments. The title on the back of the volume is, — Transcript.' Chart.' &c. Civ.' Dublin.' — it is the same which Sir William Betham mentions as being called, — " Domesday Boke of Dcvylin Cittie." — Dignities, p. 256. The abbey of Saint Thomas the Martyr was foiuided in the latter part of the twelfth centur}', by William fitz Adelm, from whom the numerous families of de Bvu-gh and Burke are descended. The site of the ancient abbey is now occupied by the court-house of tlie manor of Thomas-Com-t and Donore. In 1 2 1 2, a controversy arose between the abbeys of St. Thomas and St. Mary, concerning the custom of ale and methe granted by John Earl of Morton, when a decree in favour of the former was given — Archdall, p. 188; and an Inquisition dated loth August, 2 IKISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. G JameS 42 Decree concerning the Tolboll. James I. finds, that James Cotterell, the kst abbott of St. Thomas, had the right of a flaggon of ale out of every brewing in the town of Leixhp, county of Kildare. — Ai'chdall, p. 794. Commissioners were sent over from England in 1524, to compose the diiferences between the Earl of Ormond, Lord Deputy, and the Earl of Kildare, and to adjust other smaller matters — State Papers, H. 8. Vol. II. Pt. III. p. 104 — one of which was the diiference be- tween the abbot of St. Thomas and the city of Dublin, as set forth in the preceding award. The abbot in his bill of complaint stated that the Tolboll was granted by John when he was King of England; it appears, however, that the grant was made when he was only lord of Ireland. The charters of John, alluded to in the commissioners' award, are sub- joined, copied literalli/ from the "Chartse, Privilegia, et Immunitates," ninety-two pages of which were printed by the late Record Commis- sion, but not pubUshed. In the margin they are said to be "E. Chart. Dom. S. Tho. Mart, f 21. d." which is probably the roll compiled in the time of Henry VIII. from the original charters, and now in the possession of the Earl of Meath, to whose ancestors a great portion of the possessions of the monastery of Thomas-Court was granted. — Hardiman's Statute of Kilkenny, p. 28, note. De Consuetudinibus Cernisiae et Medonis in Tahernis Dul>lin . Monasterio S. Thomae Martiris concessis. Johannes fihus domini regis Anglie et dominus Hibernie archie- piscopis episcopis abbatibus comitibus baronibus justiciariis constabu- lariis et omnibus ballivis suis de tota Hibernia salutem . Sciatis me pro salute anime mee et antecessorum meorum dedisse et concessisse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse Deo et ecclesie Sancti Thome Dublin et canonicis ibidem servientibus in puram et perpetuam ele- mosinam Decree concerning the Tolboll. 43 mosinam consuetudinem cervisie et medonis quam consuevi habere in tabernis Dublin . Quare volo et firmiter precipio quod predicta ecclesia et predicti canonici habeant et teneant predictam consuetu- dinem in predictis tabernis bene et in pace libere et quiete integre et plenarie et honorifice cum omnibus ejus pertinenciis sicut earn unquam melius habui . Testibus . Johanne Narescallo . Willclmo Ma- rescallo . Berteram de Werdun . Gillelmi Pipar . G. de Costetin . Ko- gero de Ilanes . et Alexandre Arsic. De decima Cervisiae e Tabernis Dublin . hahendae S. T/iomae Martiris Monasterio concessa. Johannes filius domini regis Anglie et dominus Hibemie ballivis suis de Hibemia salutem . Sciatis me dedisse Deo et canonicis beati Thome de Dublin decimam cervisie quam habeo ex consuetudine de tabernis de Dublin ad sustentacionem ipsorum canonicorum . Et ideo firmiter precipio quod ipsi eam habeant et teneant bene et in pace et integre . Teste . fratre Ricardo elemosinario meo apud Windesores. NOTES. Page 35, line 18. The words "prowy .. ne rerryt"' probably mean "proved nor raised," for in the Glossary to the State Papers of Ireland, rere is said to signify " to raise." The word is now spelt rear, and is still in use. Page 40, line 15. "Langable," or "landgable," was a tribute which was collected from farms and estates — one penny from each house. — Spelmari's Gloss, sub voce. G2 Art. Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. Art. IV. The Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lijnch, Regent of the Colledge of St. Thomas of Aquin, in the City of Seville, A. D. 1 674, from a coeval MS. KNOW all men [to] wliom it may appertain that wee the Rector, Councellors and Religious of the Colledge of Saint Thomas of Aquin of this City of Seville, which is of the ordre of our holy father St. Domnick, viz. fa: Michel de Mendosa Doctor and Rector, fa: Ga- briel Vaquerito, fa: Peter Barrero, fa: Jasper Ninno, fa: Francis Zimenes Councellor, fa: Bartholomew Bravo Councellour, fa: Peter de Queto, fa: Francis Torregrosa, fa: John Jaimes, fa: John Gonio, fa: Bernard Latano, fa: Francis Suniga, fa: John de Sancto Thomas; all religious professed, being assembled in our chapter hale, thereunto called by ringing of the bell as the custom with us is, and in the name of the other Religious that actually are or shall chance to be of the said colledge, in whose behalf wee give full and sufficient caution of their acquiescing to this present writing, and to what ever shall be don in vertu therof, and that they will not contradict it, but will to the contrary ratifie and approve it ; and in manner of asseurance of said caution and surety wee do oblidge and ingadge the goods and rents of this Colledge spiritual and temporall, as well what wee have at present, as what wee may have for the future : do authorise and acknowledge to give full power and authority, what in law is required and thought necessary, to the Reverend father Francis de Ayora of the said ordre and Collegial of said Colledge, for to go in our names into the kingdoms of England, Ireland, and Scotland, and to what- somever other places it will be thought fitt, and that he makes the due informations of the pedigree, life, and behaveiour of Doctor Domnick Lynch, religious of said ordre and elected Regent of said Colledge, and to that end that he makes the ordinary interrogations and Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lifnch. 45 and demands, and that he calls before himself the wittnesses that ^vill be presented, and will examen them according to said interrogations, questioning them upon their case of knowledge, their age, and theh" employments, and whence they be citizens and natives, and whether the general demands ordained by the law tuches them : and that those that say to know what they are demanded, must tell how they came by to know it : and that those that say to have heard it only, will tell from whom, how, and when : and that those that say they beheve so and dos not doubt of it, will tell by what reason they believe so : making in the same manner what other demands he -will think fitt, in such kind that each one of tlie witnesses shall give suf- ficient reason of his sayings and depositions, and will bring and com- mitt to this colledge the said informations sealed and signed, for to be made use of, as will be thought fitting. For all the forementioned, and for to make the acts and inquirys that will be thought expedient in regard of the afforesaid, we give him this power with a free and general administration and faculty for to substitut, recall substituts, and name others in their place, in all which wee discharge him according to law, and for fui'ther surety wee do hereby ingadge the goods and rents of said Colledge both present and to come. This act was made in the said Colledges Chapter hale in Seville the thir- teenth day of May, 1 674. Wherfore, I notarie publick, do acknowledge and confesse to know fullwell, that all said religious persons signed this present act, being present as witness Balthasar Lopez Albaran, and Joseph Yuste, clerk of Seville. I delivered said copie written in a leaf of the oflice paper tlie day above mentioned. In wittness my hand. We the undernamed do certifie that Sebastian Lopez Albarran who signed the afibresaid instrumcut is a publick clerk of Seville, and has given and gives lull failli and credit in judgement to other writinors 4-6 Pedigree of Doctor Doninick L_//nc/i. ■writings and acts which were made before him. Seville, the thir- teenth day of May, 1674. In the town of Galway the second of September of tlais present year 1674, I was shewen a book in foho, four fingers thick, a manu- script in Enghsh which is said to belong to the chapter of said town, Avhere they were wont to write the antiquities and most re- markable things that happened in said town of Galway. Likwis, I declare to have seen a written paper in Lattin which is said to be a true copie of the afforesaid book, out of which were di-awn the fol- lowing heads. Anno Incarnationis Dominica 1280, quo extructum fuit monaste- rium Franciscanorum in Insula Sancti Stephani per D. Guilielmum de Bui'go equitem auratum ; filius natu minimus Domini Lyncsei de Knock prope Dublinum, venit in Conaciam, et in uxorem duxit uni- cam filiam et hasredem Domini Marischalli ; unde traxerunt omnes LynciBÌ Galvienses. Primum opus in ea urbe fuit prope magnam portam erectam per Dorainum Nicolaum LyncoBum Marischallum nigrum, anno Domini Anno Domini 1442, magnus, ac sane magnificus pons supra Cor- bium fluvium extructus fuit per Dominum Edmundum Lynca^um, Thomte fiUum, vulgo dictum en fiiane, idque suis sumptibus et expensis. Anno Domini 1485, Dominicus niger Lync^us impetravit et ex Anglia secum detulit litteras patentes Henrici Septimi Regis nostri, quibus concedebatur civibus Galviensibus potestas eligendi e suo corpore quotannis raajorem seu pretorem qui urbi prassit pro eo anno. Et primus major nominatus in dictis htteris fuit D. [Peirus] Lync^us, frater junior prajfati Dominici, et sequentes iYÌg[itita] ma- jores (quatuor tantummodo exceptis) fuerunt ex [Li/ncceis]. Imo bene inspecto magistratuum libro, invenimus ex sohs Lyncieis fuisse majores Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lijncli. 47 majores tot, quot ex omnibus aliis tribubus seu familiis Galviensibus, Anglis simul et Hibernis coinputatis, (tredecim solum exceptis). Hoc eodem anno 1485, ecclesia parrocliialis Sancti Nicolai ejusdem urbis, facta fuit collegiata Bulla Pontificia ad id impetrata, per praafatum Dominicum nigrum Lync^um, et ejus filium Stepha- num LjTicaeum : qua3 ecclesia collegiata regitur per unum Wardia- num seu custodem, qui quotannis a civibus eligitur. Ejusdem autem Dorainici est donum ipsum collegium, cui etiam donavit tres domos marmoreas in ipsa vurbe sitas, cujus etiam sumptibus ^dificata fuit ala meridionalis dictiB ecclesias collegiatnc Sancti Nicolai a pinnacvdo usque ad sacellum B. Maria; Yirginis, uti et porta orientalis dicta; ecclesia;, omnia ex solido marmore. Dominus Jacobus Lyncajus filius Stepliaui suis sumptibus lediti- cari curavit chorum templi Beatissima; Virginis in occidentali parte urbis Galviensis. Idem suis quoque sumptibus ornari fecit templum collegiatum Sancti Nicolai fenestris vitreis bene sumptuoseque pictis anno Domini 1493. Qui etiam Jacobus filium suum homicidii et violatie fidei eidem extraneo datie reum, sine ulla alia juris forma e propria; domus fenes- tra suspendit, memorabili exemplo sincerse fidelitatis posteris relicto. Anno Domini 1500, dum in partibus ultramarinis ageret Dominus Stephanus Lyncteus filius Dominici, Margarita Athy ejus uxor a;di- ficare ccepit monasterium Sancti Augustini in monte urbi vicino. Idemque Dominus Stephanus domum reversus inchoatum opus per- fecit, multisque prasdiis ditavit ; pra;fata vero Margarita ad corpus Sancti Jacobi in \_Gallid(i\ peregriuationem instituit, ivissetque ad terram Sanctam nisi {inortaHtas] pium devotse foemina; desiderium inturbasset. \_Anno'] Domini 1504, idem Stephanus hospitale, seu domum \j-eligios\\xm. in ipsa lu'be fundavit, dotavitque. Anno Domini 15 10, Dominus Jacobus Lynca;us Stephani filius suis 48 Pedigree nf Doctor Domnick Lyiicli. suis sumptibus asdificavit sacellum Sancti Jacobi in novo Castro prope urbem. Anno Domini 1513, domus pauperum religiosarum prope ec- clesiam Sancti Nicolai, qutc nunc ad sorores tertii ordinis Sancti Francisci spectat, donum est D. Walterii Lyncsei, ubi et ipsius quoque filia pie religioseque vixit. Anno Domini 1529, Dominus Eicardus Lyncfeus statuit et in morem induxit ut naves omnes portum Galviensem intrantes, quas aliquem ex Lynceeis velierent, ad rupem nigram iit vocant, tormenta majora exploderent, eaque consuetudo adliuc viget. Anno Domini 1541, D. Thomas Lynca^us erexit ac fundavit sacellum SanctsE Brigide in suburbiis orientalibus, et liospitale ei annexum pro sustentatione civium ad extremam necessitatem redac- tnrum : pro quibus etiam erigebatur siibsidium a qualibet domo sin- gulis diebus Dominicis. Anno Domini 1557, D. Jacobus Lyncasus junior, pro eo anno urbis major, -suis pecuniis extrui fecit partem orientalem domus ci- vica3. Anno Domini 1561, D. Nicolaus magnus Lynca;us magnificum sane opus erexit in ecclesia coUegiata Sancti Nicolai contiguum, et conjunctiun operi ab avo suo olim extructo, cui turrim addidit in parte meridionali templi, organis et majore campana instructam, cujus etiam clavim ipse servabat, et hajc omnia suis sumptibus. Anno Domini 1580, D. Dominicus L}Tic£eus filius Joannis filii Arturi partem occidentalem domus civicse suis sumptibus erexit. Scholam etiam in qua omnes pueri gratis docerenter erexit ac funda- vit in loco commodo mari vicino, ubi jam est propugnaculimi pro urbis defensione. Idem quoque certam pecunia3 summam per modum vectigaHs percipiebat ex omnibus rebus comestibilibus, qute aut Lie in urbe vindebantur, aut e regno asportabantur. The Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lijiich. 49 The above Testhnoruj rendered into EnglisJi. In the year of our Lord 1280, was built by Sir William Burk the convent of the Franciscans, in the island of Saint Stephen, at Avhich time the youngest son of Mr. Lynch of Knock, near Dublin, came to Connaught, and took to wife the only daughter and heh-ess of the Lord Marshal, whence all the Lynches of Galway are come and lineally descended. The first work done in that city was near the great gate, and that by Mr. Nicolas Lynch, tlie black Marshal, in the year of our Lord 1312. In the year 1442, Mr. Edmond Lynch fitz Thomas, commonly called en tuane, has built at his own cost and charges the great bridge of Galway on the river of Lockcorb. In the year 1485, ISIr. Dominick Lynch, commonly called black Dominick, gott a grant from King Henry the seventh of letters patents for the citizens of Galway, authoriseing a yearly election out of their body and corporation of a maior of the town, for to be their head and chieftain for that year : and the first maior by vertu of said patents was Mr. Peter Lynch, brother to said Domnick, and the thirty fol- lowing maiors were all Lynches, except four only. But Avhat is most remarkable is this, that, as it plainly appaires by said registers, there were as many Lynches maiors of Galway as of all the other whole tribes of the city, both Irish and English (thirteen only over and above). In the same year 1485, the parish church of Galway, called St. Nicolas' church, was made a collegial church by the pope's bulls at the request of Domnick Lynch, called black Domnick, and his son Stephen L}mch. Said collegial church has a warden for to command in it, who is yearly chosen by the corporation. It was said Domnick that founded also the coUedge, and bestowed uppon it three statly houses of mai'ble within the walls of the town. It \v;i.< lie likewise IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELI,. VOL. I. II that 50 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. that built the south wing of said church towards the chappel of the blessed virgin, and so did build the east door of said church of pure marble. Mr. James Lynch fitz Stephen built on his own cost and charges the quier of our blessed Lady's church in the west of Galway, and has most sumptiously adorned with glass windows the said church of Saint Nicolas in the year of Christ 1493. It was this James that gott his own son hanged out of one of the windowes of his house for having committed murther and broaken trust towards a st[r]anger, for to be an example of sincere fidelity to all posterity. In the year 1500, whelst Stephen Lynch fitz Domnick was beyond seas, his beloved wife Margaret Athey began to build the convent of Saint Augustin in fort hill, which said Stephen after his retiirne home has finished, and endewed with rents and several lands. This was the Margaret that made a solemn pilgrimage to visit the body of Saint James in Spaine in the province of Gallicia, and was to go to the Holy Land, but that she fell sick. Li the year 1504, said Stephen has founded a hospital in .said town. In the year 1510, James Lynch fitz Stephen built uppon his own cost and charges the chappel of Saint James in the new fort, hardby the city. In the year of Grace 15 13, the house for the poor and rehgious Avomen that is hardby Saint Nicolas his church, and now belonging to the nuns of the third order of Samt Francis, was given by Walter Lynch, and had his daughter a vertuous religious woman in it, where she dyed. In the year 1529, Mr. Richard Lynch estabhshed a custom that all ships with a Lynch in any of them that intered into the haven of Galway, shou'd shoot their great cannons at their passing by the black rock, and this is observed to this very day. In Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lyncli. 51 In 1 54 1, Mr. Thomas Lynch founded the chappel of Saint Brigid in the east suburbs of the town, together with a hospital just by it for the maintenance of such of the citizens as should happen to be reduced: for whom there was wont to be made every Sunday a pub- hck begging out of each house. In 1557, Mr. James Lynch the younger being maior bviilt tlie east part of the town house on his own cost and charges. In 1 56 1, Nicolas more Lynch made a very sumptuous work near that of his grandfathers in the said church of Galway, and also made a belfry or turret in the south side with a pear of organs and a great bell, whose key was allwais left in his own custody: all up])on his own propre cost and charges. In 1580, Mr. Domnick Lynch son to John Lynch fitz Arthur built the west side of the town house on his own cost and charges. He founded in like manner a free school for schoUers in a very com- modious place near the sea side, in the place of the now fort. It was he that had a kind of rent or tax out of every thing transported or bought in the town of Galway. And saw the said book which was presented unto me by the Re- verend fa : Wilham Burke of the order of Preachers, Prior of a con- vent of their order in said town, and elected Provincial of their order in Ireland, who after conferring witli it the said copy in my presence, said and protested in verho sacerdotis, that the said copie was faith- fully dra^vn out of several chapters of said book, and so signed before me a publick clerk the same day, month and year as above. r. William Bukke. f. Francisco de Ayoka not^ Apostohco. In the said town of Galway, said day, month and year, tlicre came before me notary Apostolick, divers wills and testaments very ancient, written in lattin and in parchement, which were made or H 2 caused 52 Pedigree of Doctor Domniek Ljinrli. caused to be made by the ancestors of said fa: Domuick Lynch, by which wills and testaments, its clearly demonstrated that the ances- tors of said fa : Domniek Lynch lived and dyed in- the Catholick faith. And likewise one of said testaments and wills has been ap- proved and confirmed by a provincial Council heald in Galway in the j^ear of Christ 1520, signed and sealed by seven Bishops. I have seen also an other testament of the year 1482, made by Mr. Martin Lynch, whereby he ordained himself to be buried in the tomb that lays in the Chappel of the Blessed Virgin in St. Nicolas his cln-urch, and has left as legacy to said chappel 3 houses, as doth appear by the testament ; where is seen also how he left legacies to seventy tow Convents of Eeligious through out the whole kingdom of Ireland, naming each place and convent. He has in like manner left legacies to the Wardian and all the Clergimen of the town, and all the Con- vents and each religious in it in particular. He made also a consider- able legacie for to be given as portions to several young women of birth of said town, all which appears by the testament to be true. In witness whereof I subscribe. Galway, the day, month and year, above mentioned. f. Francisco de Ayoka Notario Apostolico. Nicolas. Wardian. Clergimen. I Francis de Ayora Collcgial of the great colledge of Saint Tho- mas of Seville, made Notary Apostolick for to make the informations and proofs of the genealogie of the R" fa: Domniek Lynch Regent elect of said colledge : do acknowledge and testifie that in the church of Saint Nicolas of the towi of Galway in the province of Connaught and kingdom of Ireland, there is in the cheef place of the great chap- pel of said church a window with glasses of divers coulors whereon there Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. ri there are painted ditferent scutclions and armes, and in the upper parte of said window there are represented on said glasses the armes of the Lynches ; and also in said great chappel at the Epistle's side there are scutchons in a stone level with the wall of a yard long and of the same height it seems, wheron there are the said armes, Avhich are the only that appears in it. And likewise in said church there is a bigg chappel sidewise to the great chappel, wherein by the wall side there is a tombe a yard and a half over the ground, which takes upp the breadth of the chappel, matter of 14 or 15 yards it seems. It's made of black marble, and on it there appears the armes of the Lynches. Under said tombe there is a great level stone stuck in the wall, whereon there is written the Epitaph following — Stii-pe clarus, amor militum, terror inimicorum, ajtate juvenis, senex virtutibus, mundo non dignus excitatur ad coclum 14 Martii anno Domini 1644. Martinus L}Tich. And hkewise in the cheef doors of said church, and several other places both within it and abroad, there are said armes and no other. They are seen in hk manner on the bridge and on the walls of the town, and on several houses and publick places of it. In wittness wherof I do herby subscribe, Galway the seventh day and month of September 1674. Martinus Lynch interlined is good. fr: Fkancisco Ayora Not. ApostoUco. Lithe town of Galway the seventh day of September 1674, I the undernamed Notary for to make the information of the purity of the genealogie of the R". fa: Domnick Lynch, do acknowledge to have received the depositions of his Grace James Lynch Archbishop of Tuam and Metropolitan of the province of Connaught in this king- dom of Ireland, and having read to his Grace the demands made to the other witnesses. To 54 Pedigree, of Doctor Domnick Lijnch. To the first question he answered that he knows the E"* fa: Domnick Lynch, and was present at the act he sustained for to be- come master of arts in the royal convent of Saint Paid of SevUle, and that he dos not remember to have seen his parents, or any of his predecessors ; but knows perfectly well that they were all natives of this town for many ages past, and that they had their dwelling and mansion houses in said city, as some of the most considerable citizens and inhabitans of it, altho' it be true that in the same time Mr. Peter Lynch father to our fa : Domnick Lynch has lived abroad in the country in a place called Sruell (whence he was commonly called Mr. Peter L}mch of Sruell) with much splendor, honour and repute of hospitality, tho' great soever were the persons that passed by, re- ceiving them all and treating them with all manner of curtisy and hospitality, both the nobler and meaner sort, whether ecclesiastick or laick, as marqueses, earls, viscounts, barons, knights, loyers &c: and the Lords Judges, whom he treated twice a year most splen- didly, as also the now lord Due of Ormond. All this he attested as known by publick report. To the 1^'^ demande he says that allthow he be a relation to said father Domnick L}^lch, yett does not pretend to say, only the truth, what he knows, and what he heard say before God and his con- science, and that he is about five and forty years old. To the 3'''' question he made answer that he knows full-well that said fa: Domnick Lynch is a lawfuU son of said parents of a lawfull marriage, and that he alwaies knew him to be so, for having been allwais acknowledged and bread by them in that quality with the rest of their children in the places they lived during said marriage cele- brated in the face of our Holy IMother the Church, and that he never heard any thing to the contrary. To the 4'" demand he says tliat said father Domnick Ljiich, his parents, and forefathers are ancient Catholicks, pure and unspotted, and Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. ^^ and that said parents and forefathers were ever reputed and had for the same in said town and elsewhere, without ever having heard any thing to the contrary, and that if there were any thing to the contrary he should have known of it, and consequently wou'd declare it. So that there can be no doubt but the ancestors of said family were all- wais piu-e and unspotted Cathohcks, and that never any of said race forsook the Roman Catholick religion ever since the time of Henry the eight in the year of our Lord 1532 ; no not from the time of Saint Patrick about the year 400 ; in such sort that ever since untill this very day they conserved the true Eoman Catholick faith. And in proof of their constancie the Lynches as well as several other fami- lies of said town of Galway, together with the loss of their goods and rents, were contented to quitt the very town they founded themselves, havmg surrounded it with great walls, and embellished it witli churches and statly houses upon their own cost and charges. And in like manner were forced to forfitt their priviledges and liberties for to be natives and freemen of said town, and to have only right to be members of the senat or townhouse, of the chapter and magistrat, and such other honourable posts of the town. All which they suffer for not intering into communication of the protestant religion with those that govern at present. And the last maior of said town who was a Lynch has been deprived of his office with much ignominie, altho' he took it as a great honour to be so persecuted for the love of Jesus. He also was deprived of his whole revenues, goods and houses in said town in 1652, when the romp parlement became mas- ter of it, after a whole years sige at the cost and charges of the towns- men, who never surrendered themselves, untill they had express orders from their king and Prince to sm-render. At which time the parents of said Domnick Lynch lost all that they had, and were ex- cluded (as all the rest of the inhabitants were) from all manner of imployments both in the town and throughout all the kingdom, for being ^6 Pedigree of Doctor Duinnick Lyncli. being Catliolicks ; forced for to see others possess their ancient estats and goods, or else embrace their new religion, which they wou'd never do. So that it can not be at all doubted of said persons and fainilys, but that they are most pure and unspotted, and most firme and constant in the Catholick faith, scilicet : Scilicet ut fulviim spectatur in ignibus auriim, tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides. To the 5'" demand lie made answer that he knows, and that it is most constant, that said fa: Domnick Lyncli or any of his forefathers for more than 4 generations had not any mean or vile employment ; for it is remarked of said town that none of its cheef families has ever applyed himself, or were permitted to apply themselves, to any base or mean office. Wherefore their constancy in the Catholick faith is what they are scorned for, and what hinders them to have any access to any honourable employment, who were the only in times past that were capable of the like offices, amongst whom (be- sides several other honourable employments and offices they kept) said archbishop knew 3 bishops of the Lynches of this town, and one Kirovan who banished for the faith dyed in France the }-ear 1654, a very renowned man both for his singular vertue and pro- found learning, as it appears by his life in print, and the veneration he is in the place of his burial at Reinnes in Britanny. One Walter Lynch also was dean of Tuam and Wardian of the coUegial church of said town of Galway, and afterwards vicar general apostolick of said see of Tuam, whence he was promoted to the bishoprick of Clunfert, he was Doctor of Divinity and of both laws, and an earnest stickler of the priviledges of the see Apostolick in the time of the Nuncio extraordinary D.. John Baptista Rebucino Prince of Firmano &c. the year 1648. Likewise the Dean and Archdeacon of Tuam tliat were before the now ones, were two Lynche.'^, whom said arch- bishop Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lipn-li. ^7 bishop knew. He knows also Doctor James Fallon, Vicar-peneial Apostolick of the cathedral church of Killala, and Doctor Charles Fallon, Provost of said cathedi-al of Killala, both relations of said fa: Domnick Lynch. And Doctor Michel Lynch, Vicar-general Aposto- lick of the cathedrall church of Kilmacdough and named bishop. And knows allso fa: Stephen L}Tich of the order of St. Augustin who was Provincial of his order, and now is Prior of Dublin; and fa: Nicholas Lynch of the order of Preachers, well known throughout Spain, France and in Rome, for his rare qualities and talents; he was Provincial of his order in Ireland and Vicar-general Apostolick of Scotland. And fa: Richard Lynch of the society of Jesus, Profes- sor ofDivinityinthe university of Salamanca, and fa: Stephen Lynch of the order of S'. Francis, now Guardian of the Irish Franciscan Convent at Rome, called mons aureus. All whom he knows to be relations of said fa: Domnick Lynch, and cou'd name several others of the same family of the Lynches who flourished in vertue and learn- ing for many adges, as is known throughout all Europe. There were also from time to time several of said family that were renow[n]ed for their warlik faits and posts of distinction in the warr. And as yett there be some of them alive, as Morish Lynch, major-general, a man of as great courage and experience as any in the Avhole kingdom, for having distinguished himself very much in the last wars, which the nation maintained for the space often years against the enemys of true religion, their king, and contry. He knew likwise Nicolas Lynch that served in Italy under his Catholick ma- jesty Philipp the 4'" in quality of a major-general, where he gained such credit and fame that he gott the title of generalisme : and major- general John Bourk, that served in this province aganst the Parle- mentarians, and took with all the fort of Galway, in the year 42 and 43. He heard also much spoak of the old marshal dull" or black marshal, of the family of the Lynches, very famous in those partes with the name of lieutenant-general. IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. I And 58 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. And likwise in all times there were many generals, major-gene- rals, and several other famous officers, as the common report is. There were likwise throughout all ages, many of the Lynches and other familys of said town of Galway, related to said fa: Dom- nick LjTich, that were imployed in the supreme council and cheef governemeut of this kingdom, whereof one was Sir Robert Lynch, Barronet, Councelloiu- of the Province of Connaught, and of the whole kingdom, and member of the parlement, whose speech to tlie members of parlement was commanded to be printed for its jDro- found erudition and elogance. Andrew Lynch, Bishop of Kill- finoury, Walter Lynch, Bishop of Clunfert, Fra[n]cis Kirwan, Bishop of Killala, Richard Martin, Patrick Darcy, Lords Cliicf Justices, Sir Ricliard Blake, GeofFry Brown, aU relations of said &: Domnick Lynch, and councelloiu's of this kingdom. Likwise several of the said family of the Lynches of Galway were affianced to the most famous families of the province of Con- naught : one of them being married [to the Earl of Clanricard, chief lord of Connaught; another called — erased^, Elizabeth Lynch was married to O'Saghnissy, a head of a noble family and lord of many vassals, and the chiefest for antiquity and nobility in all the parts where he has his mansion-house. Another lady of the LjTiches, now living, by the name of Leonora Lynch, daughter of Su' Robert Lynch, Barronet, is marryed to the second brother of said Lord O'Saghnissy, and lier brother Sir Henry Lynch, Barronet, was marryed to the eldest daughter of the Lord of Mayo, which is the second chief creation in the province. Another relation of his of the Lynches was marryed to one of the heads of the family of the O'Flahertys, a lord of several lands, tenements, and vassels. Another lady of the Lynches was marryed to Sir Terence O'Brien, Barronet, son to the Earl of Tumond, in the province of INIunster, the noblest lord of those parts, and one of tlie very chief of the whole kingdom, being Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lijiich. (59 in a direct line of the Royal families of Ireland. From whicli mar- riages and several others with persons of note, there are a great man)" of the chiefest quality now living descended; so that it can not be denyed, but the Lynches are related to the chief quahfyed persons, and best blood of the whole province. He knows also, that one Lynch being maior of said town, having heard that his son broak his word with a stranger, gott him imme- diatly hanged out of one of the windows of his house, for an example to posterity. And this is publicked belived throughout all the pro- vince. To the sixth demand lie says, that he never knew or heard that said fa: Domnick Lynch, or any of his forefathers for several gene- rations, were ever chastised by any ecclesiastical or secular authority. To the seventh he made answer, that all that he aven-ed is and was allway the pubhck voice and fame, and common opinion in this town and elsewhere, in witness whereof he has signed and sealed before me, the said publick notarie, the day, month, and year above mentioned. fr: Francisco Ayoka, Notario Apostolico. In the town of Galway, the 27th day of August, 1674, there ap- peared before me Daniel Nelly, viccar, curate, and collegial of the parish chmxh of Saint Nicolas in Galway, ftither Francisco de Ayora, Collegial, as he says, of the great colledge of Saint Thomas in Seville, and inquired of me to shew him the books wherein Avere registered all the christened persons in said church, having need of it for the further proof and authority of the inquiry he was to make : wheruppon I answered him, tliat said books or registers, both old and new, has been in my custody and care untill the year 1652, when out of fear they should be burned or abused by the ennemys, I gave them in keeping to a certain person in this town, by whose negli- I 2 gence 6o Pedigree of Doctor Doninick Lifiicli. gence they were lost ; so that ever since there were no registers kept of the baptismes that were made in said town by the Catholick chnrchmen for fear of the hereticks. And so asked me whether I wou'd testifie all that I said, which I said I wou'd, and so do on the word of a priest, acknowledgeing all that I said to be true. In wittiiess whereof I subscribe, the day, month, [and] year as above. Daniel Nelly, Vicar and Curat. The Informations. In the town of Galway, province of Connaught, and kingdom of Ireland, the 28th of the month of August, 1674, I Francisco de Ayora, Collegial of the great coUedge of Saint Thomas in the city of Seville, of the order of Saint Domnick, being constituted and or- dained Notary Apostolick by the reverend fathers the rector and couucellours of said colledge by vertue of letters patents which they granted me, and being come with a special power and authority from said colledge, for to make the informations and proofs of the pure- ness of the genealogie of the famUy of fa: Domnick Lynch, father professed of said order, and chosen Regent of said colledge for to go on in said information, I intend to examen the wittnesses by the following interrogations and demands. Interrogations. Tlie first Demand. If tliey knew father Domnick Lynch, father professed of the order of Saint Domnick, Mr. Peter Lynch and Mary Skerret his parents ; Peter Lynch and Mary Kirwan his grandfather and grand- mother, by the mother's side ; and if they know that all the said persons and each of them are natives of this town, and that they liad their house and livings in it as citizens and inhabitans, without having known or heard any thing to the contrary. Seco}id Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lijnch. 6\ Second Demand. If tliey know that a wittncss ought to know the general demands that are wont to be made, to witt, whether he be a relation, a friend, or a declared ennemy of the fathers, grandfathers, or relations of the person in question, or of any one of them, whether he was suborned, induced, compelled, or threatned from saying the truth of what he knows ; or whether he cloaks or dissembles the truth, answering with such equivocal expressions and double sense, that the truth can not be precisely known, and likwise that the wittnesses ought to tell the age he has. Third Demand. If they know that said Domnick Lynch is a Ìawfull son of said parents of a lawfuU marriage, and whether acknowledged allwais to be so, and bread and nourished by them in their own house during said marriage, according [to] the rites and ceremonies of our mother the Catholick Cliurcli, without having heard any thing to the' con- trary. Fourtit Donand. If they know or heard say, that said Domnick Lynch, or any of his said parents or grandfathers by the father or mother's side, are or were not ancient Christians, without any mixture of a Turkish race, of Jewes, of publick penetents, or new converts ; and if they be ancient Christians and unspotted, as it's said : in such sorte as that he never heard say any thing to the contrary ; and that if any thing shou'd be to the contrary, he shou'd certainly have known of it, as a thing that cou'd not but come to his knowledge for liis spe- cial acquaintance with all the principal familys of said town. Fifth 62 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lipicli. Fifth Demand. If they know or heard say that said father Domnick Lynch, or any of his forefathers for at least four generations, had any mean or base employment for which tliey were, or might have been, hindered from enjoying the honoiu'able offices and employments of the chapter of this town, &c. Si.rth Demand. If they knew or heard say, that said father Domnick Ljaicli, or any of his predecessors for at least four generations, made publick pennance, or were infamously chastised by any ecclesiastical or se- cular justice : Lett them say what they know, &c. M'- Daniel Nelly, Cm^at and Vicar of Gal way. Seventh Demand. If they know that all that they have said and deposed is and all- wais has been the publick voice and fame, and common opinion of this town, without having ever heard any thing to the contrary : Lett them them say what they know, &c. In the town of Galway said day, month, and year, there came before me by virtue of this present information, Daniel Nelly, priest, formerly collegial of the Irish CoUedge in Seville, and now \'icar, curat, and collegial of the collegial chiu'ch of Saint Nicolas, parish church of this town, and a native of it, who after taking the usual oath in the common tenour of the laAv, and as the use and custom is, promissed to tell the truth, and no other but the truth, in all the de- mands he was to be asked. To the first demand he said, that he knows very well Domnick Lvnch Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 63 Lynch, and his father Peter Lynch, and Madam Mary Skerret his mother, and Mr. Peter Lynch, with his wife JNIary Kirwan, his gi'and- father and grandmother by the father's side ; and Thomas Skerret with his wife INIarie Lynch, his grandfather and grandmother by tlie mother's side : and he knows tliat all and each of them were natives of this town, and had their houses and living in it as som of the cheef citizens and inhabitants of it, without liaving ever heard or seen any tiling to the contrary. To the second demand he said that the general questions com- monly made to wittnesseg doe not at all tuch himself, and likwise declared he was neither suborned, ind;iced, nor compelled to wittness in the present information, to the contrary Avill declare with all li- berty and freedom, in the most plain and clear way he can, the trutli and nothing but the truth as he knows it, and that he is of the age of seventy-seven years, or thereabouts. To the third demand he answered, that said Domnick Lynch is a lawfull son of said parents, gotten of a lawfull marriage, and to have been so allwais known, bread and nourrished by them in their own liouse during said marriage, and that he also saw him. To the fourth demand he said, that said Domnick Lynch, his parents, grandfathers, &c., and all his relations, are and were ancient Cathohcks pure and unspotted, of the noblest and most ancient gentlemen of this city, and the first that founded and inhabited it, and that he knows tliat those of the family of the Lynches has made from time to time several famous works of piety becoming good and Christian gentlemen, namly, the coUegial chiirch of Saint Nicolas and parish church of this town, whereof the Lynches are properly Ibundators and patrons, as it appears by several of their scutchons and coat of amies Avhich alwais were and are to this day in the cliief places of said church, and in several other places botli within and abroad. And hkwise said witness knows, that it was som of said 64 Pedigree of Doctor Domnirk Lynch. family of the Lynches that founded the convent of Saint Augustin in this town, wherof they are patrons. And knows also that those of said family were the foundators of the hospital of this town for the prisoners. They also built the quier of the convent of our Blessed Lady of the orders of preachers. And he knows likwise, that they built on their own cost and charges, the bridge that is uppon the river of this town, a very substantial and considerable work ; and made several other works of piety, and worthy of me- mory. Wherefore, they were allwais and are to this day held and reputed very ancient Christians, both iu this town and elsewhere throughout the whole province and kingdom, where he alwais heard speak of the nobility and purity of said family, with a great deal of consideration and esteem of it. And likwise said wittness knows, that the said persons ever were, and are still, members of the true Catholick Church, which is what he allwais heard, and never heard any thing to .the contrary. To the fifth demand, said Avittness said that he does not know or believe that said Domnick Lynch, or any of his predecessors or re- lations has heald, or doe hould any vil, base, or mecanick office. To the contrary, most of them were lords of many vassals, castles, and statly houses, and likwise had the chief and most honourable em- ployments of this town, as maiors, sheriffs, aldermen, and such like. And at this present time there lives in this town Sir Henry Lynch, Baronett, which is a title of much honour and nobility in the king- dom. And Coll: Maurice Lynch, lord of many vassals. And lik- wise knows his Grace James Lynch, Archbishop of Tuam, and Metropolitan of the Province of Connaught; and his Lordshipp Wal- ter Lynch, Bishop of Clunfert; and Andrew Lynch, Bishop of Kifinury, now living ; and his Grace Nicolas Skeret, Archbishop of Tuam ; and Francis Kirwan, Bishop of Killala ; all near relations of said Domnick Lynch. And likwise knows Mathew Lynch, Wardian Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 6^ Wardian of Galway, the chief dignity in said town, and very consi- derable for having eight good parishes under his jurisdiction de- pending of him. He knows also Doctor Michel Lynch, Vicar-general ApostoHck of lulraacdough, and Dean of Killfinoury; and in like manner he knows several of said family to have exercised all the most honourable functions of both ecclesiastical and secular dignity in to-svn and contry. Which is what he knows, and never heard any thing to the contrary. To the sixth demand he said, that he knew not that said Dom- nick Lynch, or any of his forefathers, to the fourth generation, lias been infomously chastised or punished by any ecclesiastical or se- cular justice. To the seventh demand he answered, that what he said and de- posed is, and has been allwais, the publick voice and common opinion of said town of Galway, both witliin and abroad, without having ever heard any thing to the contrary. And having redd to said Avittness all what he said and alledged, word by word, he sayd that he ratifies all that is contained in it, and that what he deposed and averred is nothing but the truth of what he knows tuching this business, under pain of the oath he has taken, in wittness wlierof he has signed with his own hand before me notarie, said day, month and year. M'- Nicolas French. fr: Francisco de Ayora, Notario Apostolico. I father Antony de Santo Domingo, Notary Apostolick in the Court of Rome, do testifie and declare, that this copy of the infor- mation of the pedigrie of iather Domnick Lynch, regent of this great colledge of Saint Thomas of Seville, has been faithfully and truly drawn out of the original, without any diminution or addition what- somever, and said information seems to have been made with all due IRISH ARcn. soc. MiscELL. VOL. I. K Solemnities 66 Pedigree of Doctor Domnirk Lifnch. solemnities according to law and the statiits of said colledge. Lik- wise do declare and testify, that besides said wittnesses contained in the afforesaid copy, I saw in the original sixteen more wittnesses that attest the same, and agree with what is above writt. Wherfore at the request of said father Domnick Lynch, for the further de[c]lara- tion and authentication of the afforesaid, I give this present testi- mony, signed and sealed with my proper hand and seal, made in Seville the 23'" day of February, 1693. In testimony (L. S.) of the trutli, fa: Antony de Santo Domingo, Notario Apostolicu. NOTES. Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. — During the two eventful centuries whicli suc- ceeded the era of the Eeformation, many of the natives of Ireland, particularly those of the Milesian race, were obliged to fly to foreign climes ; and that in such numbers, that their flights were commonly compared to those of wild geese, a name by which the exiles themselves were often designated. They sought asylums in different parts of Europe, but chiefly in France and Spain, where they were always sure of meeting with a favourable reception. Whenever it happened, that any of these emigrants were ad- vanced to places of trust or emolument in the countries of their adoption, either in the Church, through their piety and learning, or in the State, by their military ser- vices ; or that they advanced themselves by commercial pursuits, or matrimonial alli- ances ; such persons naturally became anxious to shew their friends or connexions abroad, that they were respectably descended and connected at home. It, moreover, became imperative ou those elected or appointed to posts of dignity and honour, es- pecially in Spain, to prove their patrician origin in the most satisfactory manner. For those purposes they were accustomed to obtain from Ireland, genealogical tables, and other authenticated testimonials of their descent; and hence arose the numerous pedigrees, and other heraldic notices of Irish families, so frequently met with in those countries. The " Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch," now first printed from a manuscript in the possession of the Editor, originated in the manner above stated. That learned person was elected Regent of the University of Seville, and also Professor of Divinity there. Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Li/iich. • 67 there. Upon that occasion a commissioner was dispatched to Ireland, " to make due informations of the pedigree, life, and behaviour of Doctor Domnick Lynch." After a solemn investigation, on which the most authentic records were produced, and wit- nesses the most respectable examined ; the foregoing pedigree and report were re- turned, exhibiting proofs of lineage, supposed sufficient to satisiy even the proudest of the grandees of Spain. That it did prove satisfactory may be concluded from this, that the venerable individual in question filled the high offices to which he was elected, with honour and applause, for nearly a quarter of a century after. This document may, therefore, be deemed a fair specimen of the testimonials considered necessary for cle- rical emigrants from Ireland, during the period alluded to. At another opportunity, similar specimens may be given of those required by persons engaged in civil and mi- litary occupations. It may here be observed, that these curious evidences of family descent are deserving of more attention than they appear to have received in latter times. Many of them contain historical notices of persons and incidents not elsewhere to be found. Our learned Ulster King of Arms, Sir William Betham, is, I believe, aware of the value and importance of these documents. They should, therefore, as far as possible, be collected and preserved with care in a public repository, where they might prove serviceable in helping to correct some of the numerous misstate- ments contained in modern books of peerage and genealogy. Paye 44, line 24. Doctor Domnick Lynch — Harris, in his edition of Ware's Irish Writers, book i. vol. ii. p. 258, gives the following account of this learned ecclesiastic and his writings; and it seems to have been drawn from correct sources of information : ''■ Dominick Linze, {Lynch) was born in the county of Go.lv:ay, and admitted into the Dominican Order in Spain, where he lived many years in great Eeputation, officiating as Synodal Judge under the Archbisliop of Seville. He was gradually promoted to all the Honours of that University, was first Lecturer in Arts and Philosophy, then Master of the students. Secondary, and at length principal Regent, afterwards made prolessor of Divinity in 1674, which Office he held with universal Approbation until the year 1697, when he died at Seville. He was in such great Esteem in Spain, that Nicholas Antonio {Biblioth. Hispan. v. 2. p. 358) hath with much Honour ranked him among the Writ- ers of that country. He hath written, accoriling to the Publishers of the Dominican Bibliotheque: " Summa Philosopkife speculativce juxta Mentem et Doctrinam S. Tkomw et Aris- totelis. Tom. i. Complectens primam Partem Philosophice Bationis, quce communiter nuncupatur Dialectica — Parisiis, 1 666, 4to. K 2 " Tom. 68 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. " Tom. 2. Complectens duas Partes, quce comnmniter nuncupantiir Logica Parisiis, 1 667, 4to. " Tom. 3. Comprehendens terliam Partem Philosophice rationalis, in qua ayitur de Prcedicabilibus, Prcedicameniis, et de Posterioribus Parisiis, 1670, 4to. " Tom. 4:. Complectens primam Partem Physicce naturalis. — Parisiis, 1686, 4to." For some furtlier particulars of Dr. Dominick Lynch, see De Burgo in Hibernia Dominicaua, p. 545, where he adds : " Caeterum nullus dubito, quin reliqiiam quoque Physicam Naturalem ediderit. Immò à multis me audivisse Hispanis memini, prav clarum hunc Virum lucubrasse integrum Cursum Theologicum, sed, dum Maridepor- taretur ex Hispania in Galliam Typis tradendus, Naufragio periisse." The same work, and Ware's Writers, contain notices of otlier members of tliis name, contemporary with our venerable Eegeut ; particularly Doctor John Lynch, author of several learned works, the principal of which is his celebrated book entitled Cambrensis Eversus, published under the name of Gratianus Lucius. Impress. Ann. m.dc.lxii. An interesting poem written by Dr. John Lynch during his exile from Ireland, in which he feelingly details his reasons for not returning to his native land, and describes the depressed state of his countrymen at that period, is now, for the first time, printed in the present volume. Vide Article V. Page 46, line 4. A book in folio — This book is mentioned by Doctor John Lynch, in his account of the Right Rev. Francis Kirwan, entitled " Pii Antistitis Icon, sive De Vita etMorte R™'- D.Francisci Kirovani Alladensis Episcopi." Maclovii, m.dc.lxix. where he says, p. 9: " In vetusto coUegii libro Dominicum Lynchjeum cognomento nigrum anno salutis 1 505, mortuum intimum Collegii fundatorem fuisse legi.''^ Diligent search has been recently made by the Editor for this old volume, but without success. It is supposed to have been taken to the continent by some of the clergy who were obliged to fly thither during the troubles of the seventeenth century. But see further on in the text for the testimony of Daniel Nelly, vicar, in which he states, that the old and new col- legiate registers were lost by negligence, in A. D. 1652. It is now ascertained, that at that time, several other historical documents were destroyed throughoiit Ireland. In the MS. Library of Trinity College Dublin, 1. 4, 1 3, there is preserved " A Paper Book in 1 6°-, written in the last (i.e. the seventeenth) century, containing an account of the town of Galway, the arms, and first settling of the families:" but this latter MS. is now of little or no value. Pncje 49, line i. In the year o/'o«rXo;-o' 1280.— A rchdall, in his Monasticon, p. 286, states, that this convent was not founded until A. D. 1296. Page Pedigree of Doctor Domuick Lynch. 69 Page 49, line 3 . Knock; near Duhlin Now called " Castle Knock." Page 49, line 1 1. En Tuane. — Properly an t-uan, i. e. the Lamb. It is rather a curious circumstance, that this sobriquet, if it be one, has continued in the Lynch family for upwards of 400 years. The writer hereof was acquainted with a respectable merchant of Galway, who was called Thomas Lynch Lamb. But the good people there are noted for giving fa- miliar nicknames to each other, and these (generally ridiculous) adjuncts mostly con- tinue for life. A late member of the family in question was called " Lynch Ram," and another is stated to have been dubbed " Lynch God damn ;" but this latter indi- vidual resided for a long time in England, and there acquired the national impre- cation, by which he was afterwards so unenviably distinguished. It is well known that Englishmen were formerly so addicted to that profane phrase, that the French called them indiscriminately "Godammees;" for which, among other old authorities, see the History of the Maid of Orleans. Its prevalence among them, even to our own time, is commemorated in Lord Byron's poem, Don Juan, canto xi. stanza xii. Page ^<), line 11. The great bridge. — This bridge is still standing and in good repair. The rajiid river which runs under it, here called " the river of Lockcorb, — Corbium fluvium," flows from the great lake Corrib, anciently called Lough Orbsen. See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, p. 16; and West Connaught, p. 20, note". This river was never known by the name " Corbium fluvium," but it is always mentioned in our annals as the river Gaillimh, anglicized Galway ; and from it that town and county have been named. Page 50, line 8. Gott his oicn son hanged. — See further on in the text, for the testimony of Doctor James Lynch, Archbishop of Tuam, wherein allusion is made to this well-known story ; which, it is stated, was then publickly " believed throughout all the province." This testimony, at the time, was highly respectable, as to the popular belief; and though at the present day it may be considered ancient testimony, yet it cannot be taken as conclusive on a transaction which occurred nearly two centuries before it was given. The Rev. Edward Groves, of Dublin, who has commemorated this occurrence in a beautiful and successful dramatic production, entitled the " Warden of Galway," considers it as a popular story founded on fiction, well adapted for the genius of poetry, but inadmissible as an historic fact, without better evidence than has been hitherto adduced in its support. If the ancient " book in folio," mentioned p. 68, note, be ever recovered, it will either authenticate or iuvaliJute this curious story. Page 70 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. Page 51, line 10. A pear of Organs — i.e. a pair. See Arcliseologia, vol. xxx. p. 10. Page ^1, line 13. Domnick Lynch — a free school. — Several individuals of the Lynch family have been distinguished for their talents and learning, and many of them for acts of public muni- ficence, of which various instances are recorded, See the valuable " Historic Sketch of the past and present State of the Fine Arts in Ireland," by George Petrie, Esq., Dublin Penny Journal, A. D. 1833, No. 6, p. 326, for an interesting extract from the MS. Kegal Visitation of A. D. 1615, respecting a school in Galway, in which the com- missioners found " a publique schoolemaster named Lynch, placed there by the citizens, who had great number of schollers, not only out of that province, but also out of the Pale and other parts." It is not, however, quite clear, that this "schoole- master" was the celebrated Doctor John Lynch, author of Cambrensis Eversus, men- tioned p. 68, note. Page §1, line 2g. Wills and testaments, very ancient Several of these have come to our hands. The following testament, though not that immediately alluded to in the text, will be found, in some degree, to sustain the statements of the munificence of this remarkable family. In it legacies were left to the principal convents at the time, viz., A. D. 1496, in Con- naught. The original is preserved in the old collegiate library in Galway, and, with it, many other ancient and curious documents, some of which foUow ; and for the use of which the Editor is indebted to the kindness of his learned and ever-revered friend, the Eight Reverend Doctor O'Donuell, R. C. Bishop of Galway : "I. U.S. " In Dei nomine Amen. Ego Johannes Lynche fiz-John, mercator viUe Galvye, compos mente licet eger corpore, testamentum meum condo in hunc modum. Inpri- mis do et lego animam mcam Deo patri omnipotenti, et beate Marie virgini, et beato Michaeli archangelo, ac angelorum choro ; corpusque meum sepulture tradendum in capella beatissime virginis Marie, cituata in ecclesia coUegiata ville Galvye Enachdu- nensis dyocesis. Imprimis, ordino et constituo meum fratrem Nicholaum et heredem, ac uxorem meam Sciciliam Styvyn meos speciales executores, in omnibus bonis meis mobilibus, cum supportacione domini Willielmi YbeyU mei amici. Inprimis, lego meo supradicto fratri Nicholao domum meam lapideam, cum omnibus suis adheren- tibus, adicta hac condicione, quod ipse Nicholaus et sui heredes anniversarium meum, et mee uxoris, celebrabit anno quolibet vel celebrabunt. Item, lego mee uxori Scicilie terciam partem omnium bonorum meorum mobilium, et terciam partem, si voluerit, dicti principalis Pedigree of Doctor Domnicl Li/nch. 71 principalis tenementi. Item, lego nice iixori tenementum per me eiiiptum tie Jolianne Blake fyz-Villiam, vita dicte iixoris durante, et post ejus decessum, predictuni tenemen- tum lego ipsi Henrico meo filio et suis lieredibus, licet dictum tenementum est inipigno- ratum penes Dominicum Lynclie, et suum filium Stephanum, cum Dens scit quod ipse Dominicus et filius suus, quod mihi videtur, nullum jus nee justiciam habent ipsi ad ipsum tenementum, et dico quod dictus Henricus liabebit ipsum tenementum, non facta solucione aliqua ex parte sua. Item, lego mee filieScicilie Ix. inarcas, in modum dotis. Item, lego mce filie Elene Iv. marcas modo simili in dotis modum. Item, lego duobus meis filiis, viz. Ambrosio et Sandero, duo tenementa penes me impignorata in pignore Ix. marcarum, in quibus j acent Donatus fuscus, fulo, et Johannes O' Donnali, sutor, et Nycho- laus Blake fyz-Ricard, ita quod ipsi duo erunt equales in dicta suma pignoris, cum dicta tenementa erunt soluta. Item, lego meo filio Baltyssar xx. libras, ita quod prefatus meus heres, viz. Nicliolaus, et Henricus dictam sumam persolvant eidem Baltyssar cum ipsi per eum erant requisiti, sub hac forma, quod ipse Nicholaus persolvat ei x. libras, et Henricus alias x. libras. Item, lego Roberto Lynclie, filio Ristardi Lynclie, unam domum lapideam, quam habui in modum dotis cum matre dicti Ristardi, sub hac condicione, quod Scicilia mea uxor liabebit scelarium dicte domus in modum tertie partis, sua vita durante; vel si maluerit, terciam partem tenementi hujusce liabeat, et si dictus Robertus decederet sine masculis, quod dictum tenementum convertatur ad meos beredes, de elimosinis et decimarum recompensacione : relinquo hec omnia in dispositione ipsius Nicholaii et Scicilie uxoris, cum concilio dicti Willielmi Ybeyll. " Erat enim inter eos decissum per Robertum Lynclie mercatorem ville dicte Galvye, et Willielmum Boyll, quod prefata Scicilia, uxor dicti Johannis, liaberet ter- ciam partem cyfforum ac omnium aliarum rerum, viz. instrumenta mensalia et coqui- naria pertinencia [acf] ipsum tenementum ; et pars reliqua cedat ipsi Nicliolao heredi. Et sic dicti duo, viz. Robertus et Villielmus, ex testamento dicti Johannis perceperunt. Item, hii duo executores ordinaverunt pariter et disposuerunt quod ecclesia coUegiata, in qua erat dictus Johannes sepultus, in recompensatione decimarum haberet unam marcam, et in modum elimosine ad opus domus coUegii, unam aliam marcam. Item, monasterio hujus ville Galvye quinque s. in mercibus. Item, conventui de Attnary unam casulam cum sua stola. Item, conventui de Clar duas uncias in mercibus. Item, conventui de Kylconlyn duas uncias in mercibus. Item, conventui de Rosryala duas uncias in mercibus. Item, conventui de Mayn duas uncias. Item, conventui de Rosherk duas uncias in mercibus. Item, conventui de Sligo duas uncias similiter in mercibus. Item, conventui de Raybranna duas uncias. Item, conventui de Borges duas uncias. Item, conventui de Harnarey duas uncias. Item, [conventui^ de Bonynyn duas uncias. Item, conventui de Herw duas uncias. Item, conventui de Sradc duas uncias. Item, conventui de Bcnnafada duas tincias. Item, conventui de Cuthe * duas 72 Pedigree of Doctor Domnlck Liincli. duas uncias. Item, conventui de Roba xxrf. Item, conventui de Boryskerra xxi/. Item, conventui de Mylac xxrf. Item, conventui de Bellahanasay s.s.d. Item, conventui de Kynnaleyn xxrf. Item, conventui de Koscoman s.xd. Item, conventui de Balein- smaley xxrf. Item, conventui de Dunmory xxof. Et hec omnia erunt soluta in mer- cibus. Datum et actum in villa Galvye xvii" die mensis Augusti, an" protunc M.CCCC.XC.VI. Hiis testibus presentibus, viz. discreto viro Thoma Bodikyn, mercatore ville Galvye, et SciciUe Styffyn uxore ejusdem Johannis, et Henrico Lynche fratre ejusdem, et coram me infrascripto nottario, et cetera.. " Et ego vero Willielmus Beyll presbyter, Enachdunensis dyocesis pub- licus, imperiali auctoritate, notarius, cum omnia et singula premissa sic ut premittitur fierent et agerentur, presens una cum prenominatis testibus interfui, ea omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audi-vd, atque in banc publicam formam reddegi, signo et nomine meis solitis et con- suetis signavi, rogatus et requisitus in fidem et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum, Indictione xui. anno, die, mense, loco, quibus supra, etc. " Probatum et approbatum fuit boc presens testamentum, coram nobis Willielmo Tuamensi arcbiepiscopo, in ecclesia colegiata Sancti Nicholaj ville GaUvie, quinto die mensis ApprUis, Anno Domini m.cccc.lxxxx octavo, et pro testamento legittimo pronunciatum ; commissaque fuit administratio omnium et singulorum bonorum supra- scripti defuncti, in quodam inventario coram nobis prius exliibito contentorum, supra- scriptis executoribus in forma juris juratis, et per nos prius admissis et approbatis; ipsosque executores ab omni ulterior! computo coram nobis in hac parte reddendo, in quantum nos nostrumque ofScium concernit, dimmittimus et absolvimus per pre- sentes. Salvo tamen, in omnibus et per omne, jure cujuscunque." — Orig. MS. The following last will of Peter Lynch, which confirms a previous one, dated A. D. 1500, is taken from the original, preserved in the same College Library of Gal way. It particularly ratifies a donation made by the testator in A.D. 1494, for the support of the altar of St. Catherine, in the collegiate church : " In Dei nomine Amen. Ego Petrus Lynche, compos mente, licet eger corpore, condo testamentum meum in hunc modum. In primis, lego animam meam omnipo- tenti Deo patri, filio et spiritui sancto, sancte Marie virgini ac matri, sancte Katerine virgin! et martiri, sancto Michaeli archangelo, omnibusque Sanctis ac civibus celestis curie, corpusque meum ad sepelliendmn in ecclesia collegiata sancti Nicholai ville Galvie, ante altare sancte Katerine : et timens quod subita fuissem interemptus morte, et considerans quod caucius cuncta disponuntur dum quisque sanus existit, quam cum languens mens perturbatur infirmitatibus, feci et condidi, atque manu propria scrips! Pedigree of Doctor Donmick Lyncli. 73 scrips! meum testamcntum sive ultimam voluntatimi, in uno quaterno papiri, in mense Julii Anno Domini millesimo quingcntcsimo ; et modo volo quod dicto meo testa- raento in omnibus stetur, et ipsum, nunc languens in extremis, approbo, ratifico et con- firmo irrevocabiliter, revocans omnem aliam voluntatem atque testamentatum, super feci, et si in futurum facere volo, quod non habeat efFectum neque robur ; set volo quod perseveranter et inviolabiter observetur dictum meum testamentum, manu mea propria scriptum : et constitui, in dicto testamento, Dominicum Lynche meum fra- trem, et Evelinam Blak meam uxorem, meos executores ; et Stephanum Lynclie filium dicti Dominici supervisorem dicti testamenti. Et modo quia dicta Evelina re- cusat fore executricem, instituo dictos Dominicum et Steplianum meos executores, et volo quod ipsi, secundum eorum discreccionem, exequentur dictum meum testamentum, et si quicquid erroneum inibi repererint, volo quod ipsi id revocent, atque in melius commutent, prout eorum discreccioni videbitur, et ordinent atque disponent cuncta que illic non sunt disposita : et volo quod ipsi exponent et interpretentur vera dubia, si qua sunt in dicto testamento. Et specialiter ratifico donacionem quam feci pro sus- tentacione altaris sancte Katerine, et sacerdotis ibidem celebrantis : prout in carta desuper confecta, et manu notarii publici scripta, et meo sigillo sigillata plenius ap- paret. Scriptum Galvie, vicesimo primo die monsis Augusti, hora vespertina, Anuo Domini millesimo quingentesimo septimo, liiis testibus presentibus, viz. domino Tlioma Molgan, tunc Wardiano, domino Jobanne O'Donna presbitero, ac magistro Tlionia M' Seonyn baculario, domino AValtero Coysyn, ac dictis Dominico Lynche et Stephano ac Roberto alias Eobog filio Johannis Lj'nche, Margareta Lynche filia Johannis Lynche, et multis aliis. " I. H. S. Maria. " Et ego vcro Matheus Lorcan clericus Enachdunensis Diocesis, publicus, auctoritate imporiale, notarius, quia prefatis omnibus et singulis dum sic ut premittitur agercntur, dicerentur et ficrent una cum prenomi- natis testibus presens interfui, eaque omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audivi, ideoque presens publicum instrumentum in banc publicam for- mam reddegi signo et nomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi, anno, die, mense et loco quibus supra, rogatus et requisitus, in fidem et testi- monium omnium et singulorum prcmissorum." The charter of endowment of the altar of St. Catherine, referred to and confirmed by the foregoing instrument, bears date 9th Feb. A. D. 1494, and is here given from the original, also preserved in the same Library. IRISH Alien. i^OC. MISCKI.L. vol.. I. L " L H. S. 74 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. " I. H. S. " Universis Christ! fidelibus, ad quos preseutes litere pervenerint, Petrus Lynclie, burgensis ville de Galwy ia Hibernia, salutem in Domino sempiternam. Noverit universitas vestra, me prefatum Petrum, ob honorem Dei, Sancto Katerine virgiuis et martyris, ac sanote matris ecclesie, cultusque divini augmentum, dedisse, concesisse, et per presentes imperpetuum quietum legasse et pardonasse, altari et capelle Sancte Katerine virginis, quod qiiidem altare et capellam fabricavi et construxi, ego dictus Petrus in ecclesia collegiata Sancti Nicolai ejusdem ville de Galwy, perpetuam videlicet sustentacionem unius boni et ydouei sacerdotis, qui continue celebrare et rogare habeat et teneatur incessanter cotidie, in eodem altari et capella, pro anima mea ao Elene Blake uxoris mee post mortem nostram, ac animabus antecessorum et amicorum nostrorum, necnon et omnium fidelium defunctorum, dedisse, ut premittitur, et con- cessisse, viz. teuementum meum principale lapideum, quod emi sumptibus meis pro- priis et expensis acquisivi, ac unum aliud tenementum quod cituatur ex parte orien- tali predict! me! principalis tenementi, quod quidem emi a Wadyno Blake et Margareta Skyret sua uxore, prout feofamenta desuper facta testantur : necnon et decern acras terre arabilis in terris de Athnary, quas emi a bone memorie Rogero Worloke, prout per metas et bundas continentur in tercio folio mei antiqui libri, ac prout per feofa- menta desuper facta solri potest ; habendum et tenendum predictum principale tene- mentum cum suis pertinenciis, domibus altis et inferioribus atque celariis, ac dictum aliud tenementum ex parte orientali, ut premittitur, cituatum per longum et latum prout se extendit : necnon et predictas decem acras terre arabilis, cum suis fructibus, redditibus et obventionibus quibuscunque, libere, quiete, bene et in pace, prefatis al- tari et presbitero, scilicet ipsius altaris qui pro tempore fuerit servitori, imperpetuum. De capitalibus dominis tenementorum et terrarum premissorum, per servicia inde debita et de jure consueta. Interposita tali conditione pcrpetua, inviolabiliter imper- petuum observanda, viz. quod ntillus omnino hominum cujuscunque gradus, status sen conditionis fuerit, premissa tenementa et terras arabiles premissas, in aliqua sui parte vel in toto vendere, impignorare, seu alienare poterit, aut ad aliquos alios quoscunqtie usus, preterquam ut supradictum est, mittere aut convertere ex parte, viz. alicujus ecclesiastice aut secularis potestatis, curie cujuscunque seu collegii specialiter pre- missi, set quod semper et per semper simpliciter omnia et singula premissa, omnibus modo et forma quibus supra, spectabunt ad predictum altare et s\ii servitorem pre- missum, qui pro tempore fuerit, imperpetuum, per presentes. Ita vero quod ipse sacerdos seu servitor predictus, fuerit cantor, et confortans servicium et officium chori ejusdem ecclesie, melius quo poterit, niissamque vero suam in altari predicto, viz. Sancte Pedigree of Doctor Domnlck Lyncit. y^ Saucte Kateryne devote celebrando, et non in alio quociinquc altari: predictum autem collegium cibum, potum ac cameram pro ipsius sacerdotis cantu, et chori retentione cotidie prestando et honeste, prout deeet, attribuendo, cujus quidcm sacerdotis propter sui merita et demerita institutionem et destitutionem, ac post sui mortem, alterius sacerdotis in ipsius locum et vicem institutionem, ac sui eciam destitutionem ego dictus Petrus, per presentes, lego et relinquo Majori, Ballivis et eorundem bonis paribus et consiliariis, ejusdem ville de Galwy, qui pro tempore fuerint, imperpetuum, per pre- sentes. Et si contingat quod fructus, redditus et proventus premissorum tene- mentorum et terrarum, excedent rationabile stipendium, ac convenientem honestam sustentationem dicti servitoris seu sacerdotis predict!, volo, per presentes, et ordino quod quicquid supererit expendatur super reparatione ejusdem altaris et non alibi. Ita tamen et super omnia, quod post mortem meam, omnia et singula premissa, cum suis fructibus et obventionibus habebit et possidebit pre sui sustentacione et honore predicta Elena Blake uxor mea, durante vita sua quamdiu post mei mortem super- vixerit. Decetero vero dictum altare et suus servitor, qui pro tempore, et suus ser- vitor seu sacerdos predictus qui pro tempore fuerit, omnia et singula premissa, omnibus modo et forma quibus supra, libere, quiete, bene et in pace imperpetuum, possidebuat. In fidem vero et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum, infrascriptum pub- licum notarium premissam meam donationem perpetuam, et legatum meum speciale in hauc publicam formam redigere feci, et sigillum meum presentibus apposui. Hiis testibus presentibus, viz. Johanne Skyret, Jolianne Atby fytz Edmundi, Patricio Caer burgensi ejusdem villi;, et multis aliis. Datum apud Galwy nono die mensis Februarii, Anno Domini millesimo iiii" nonagesimo quarto. " Et ego vero Willelmus Molgan clericus Enacbdunensis diocesis, pub- licus auctoritate imperiali, notarius, quia cum omnia et singula pre- missa sic tit premittitur per dictum Petrum Lynclie agerentur, dice- rentur et fierent, una cum prenominatis testibus et allis nonnullis presens ad hoc requisitus et rogatus interfui, eaque omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audivi. Ideoque jussu et rogatu dicti Petri, anno, die, mense et loco quibus supra, indiccione vero xiii pontificatus Alexandri Pape sexti anno secundo, in banc publicam formam reddegi. Signo et nomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi rogatus et requisitus, in fidem et testimonium omnium et singulorum pi-endssoriuii." The following testamentary disposition of Dominick Lynch, dated 1 2th July, A. D. 1508, has been transcribed from the KoU of Patents, 25, 26, 27, Henry VIII., Rolls' Office, Dublin, by the kind permission of George Ilatchell, Esq. But the enrolment has been carelessly made. It is in some places manifestly incorrect, and in others L 2 illegible. 76 Pedigree of Doctor Domnich Lyncli. illegible. This curious docTiment enumerates several ecclesiastics of the then Church of Ireland. It shews the affluence of the burgher class at that period ; and the opu- lence and munificence of the individual in question, who. among other bequests, leaves legacies " to all the convents in Ireland." " Thomas, Dei et Apostolice sedis gratia, Archiepiscopus Tuamensis, Cornelius procurator Georgii Elphinensis, Matheus Duacensis, Padinus procurator Aladensis, Cormacus Akadensis eadem Dei gratia ecclesiarum episcopi, Eneas abbas de Cuuga, Ermanus abbas de Fonte Patricii, Willielmus abbas de Portu Patrum, Millerus abbas de Magio, Thomas decanus Tuamensis, Ffelimeus archidiaconus Tuamensis, Donaldus decanus Enachdunensis, Edmundus archidiaconus Enachdunensis, Johannes wardianus ecclesie collegiate ville de Galvie, diocesis Enachdunensis, dominus Kyntius Dei gratia episcopus Cluanensis, provincie Armachane, venerande, religionis patres, et fratres, frater Eicardus Nangle sacrosancte [theologie] doctor, frater Clemens, ordinis de Observancia, Gardianus de Kylconynne, frater Cormacus ejusdem ordinis Gardi- anus de Galvia, magister Edmundus Difinitorvtm unus nacionis M' Enry, magister Phil- lipus M' Enry unus diffinitorum, frater Carolus Lyane ordinis predicatorum verbi Dei, omnibus et singulis Christi fidelibus, presentes nostras literas patentes legentibus, audientibus pariterque videntibus, salutem et sempiternam benedictiouem, et ipsis fidem adhibere indubiam viam. Noverit universitas vestra, qualiter honorabilis vir Stephanus Lynche, primogenitus et heres Dominici Lynche de Galvia mercatoris, coram nobis humiliter comparuit nobis cum nostris prelatis, regularibus et secularibus, atque difinitoribus in nostro provinciali consilio constitutis, Galvie celebrato xxvii die mensis Marcii, Anno Domini M° D° xxiii°, et testamentum ultimum sui patris Dominici Lynche, coram nobis exhibuit, et de verbo ad verbum legi procuravit, quo prelecto, ipsum testamentum ad manus nostras reddidit, ac ipsum accepimus, ipsumque testa- mentum invenimus cum subscripcione diversorum infrascriptorum testiimi, et appro- batum per magistrum Thomam M' Seonyn et dominum Thomam Molgan, commis- sionarios ecclesiarum Tuamensis et Enachdunensis diocesium,sedevacante, et sigillatum sigillo capituli ecclesie Tuamensis, demiim per eundem Stephanum fuimus requisiti, quatenus testamentum idem seu .... authoritate consilii provincialis ejusqvie difini- torum et consiliariorum iterum reapprobaremus, et hujus testamenti robur firmitatis per nostram declaracionem accomodaremus. Nos antedicti archiepiscopus et episcopi, de consilio nostrorum difinitorum et aliorum consiliariorum, juste peticioni et requi- sicioni dicti Stephano annuentes, auctoritate et consilio tocius provincialis consilii, predictum testamenttim approbavimus et approbamus, et approbatum declaramus, ro- bur firmitatis dicto testamento accommodando : cujus testamenti, sine diminucione et augmentacione, de verbo ad verbxmi tenor sequitur. Et est talis. " In Dei nomine Amen. Ego Dominicus Lynche, mercator et burgeusis ville Galvie, Pedigree of Doctor Domnkh Lynch. 77 Galvie, Enachdunensis diocesis, condo testamentum meum, in forma qua scquitiir, languens corpore et compos mente, in meo scriptorio infra donum meam, xii° die JuHi a° Domini M° D° viii°, in presencia Mauricii Ycommaine periti medici, qui meo rogatu istud meum testamentum scripsit, presentibus magistro Thoma Molgan ac [tunc] wardiano ecclesie collegiate ville Galvie predicte, magistro Waltero Cussin canonico cathedralium ecclesiarum Tuamensis et Enachdunensis, Cornelio M" Meoltall Andrea Mares ac Cornelio Oconan, et aliis pluribus testibus ad hoc vocatis et requisitis. Inprimis do et lego animam meam omnipotenti Deo, et beate Marie virgini, ceterisque celestibus . . . Sanctis, corpusque meum sepulture tradendum in ecclesia predicta, in capella beate Marie, cum parentibus meis et uxore mea Anastacia Martyn. Item, in- stituD meum filium et primogenitum Stephanum, meum heredem et executorem prin- cipalem, et administratorem omnium meorum bonorum, ad recipiendum et solvendum omnia mea debita, ordine: et meos alios execu tores Edmundum Stephani Lynche, et Walterum Thome Lynche, ac predictum Thomam Molgan, inventores om- nium bonorum meorum. In primis habeo in cista mea de chypreso existente infra scriptorium meum tricentas et xxx" libras in auro et argento, prout scriptum in libro meo blande pelle coaperto, folio lxxx° ix°, de quaquidem summac oncernunt meum filium et heredem Stephanum Ixxxx" [et] iii" libre in argento, quas pro eodem receipi in compute sue partis de frumento quod mihi missit de civitate Vella, in manu prioris de cerate de Lysperna magister nidus Wasloranius, prout plene vide- bitur in predicto libro, in compute predicti frumenti, et sterlinge pecunie prefati Stephani proprie. Item habeo in scriptorio meo, et in camera mea super illud, Ixxiii" lintiamentas, ac circa xv mantellas russete coUoris. Item habeo in officiua mea, sive chippa sub domo mea, ac in officiua mea nova, circa v millia et vi libras cere, ac de serico Collonie viii libras, ac in Sere xv, ac in Alnie wi' ac quasdam bursas con- tenentes parvos colores ac paucos cericos de cadas, et minima negocia. Item in meo cellario sails vi aut vii dolia, paulo plus vel minus. Item in meo ceUario apud stronda, in coriis parvis et magnis, x. decras et v. coria. Item residuum meorum coriorum missi Clementi Servici Pisanis, in navi alivaris Lvys Portingaldi, que est xvii. lastas de meis propriis coriis, ac unum lastum coriorum de sorore mea Margaret Lynche, prout sequitur in libro meo communi. Item omnia debita quibus teneor et alia debita que dcbeo habere videbitis in libro meo predicto. Item omnia terre et tenementa que cmi ac perquisivi et omnia pignora minima et majora videbitis in libro inquis' de Anno Domini M° cccc° lx° in meo scriptorio. Item atestor coram Deo quod Johannes filius meus tenetur mihi plusquam iii. milia Ducatorum auri de claro computo, omnibus deductis prout sequitur in libro meo pelle blande coaperto in lxi° folio. Item primordialitcr onmia debita quo aliis debeo ante omnia jubeosolvi. Item niando predicto Steiihano novum opus per me inceptum in ecdosia perficere. 78 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. atque ad completum finem quicquid constabit dediicere, necnon ibi edificare unum altare in honore Sancti Jacobi apostoli, prope proximam cohimpnam capelle beate Marie predicte in ecclesia prefata, et expendere bona mea circa illud pre ceteris negociis propter quod edefioia constru . . . Item lego duobus presbiteris pro me nieisque paren- tibus, atque animabus mearum uxorum quotidie orantibus, quorum unus celebrabit in capella beate Marie ibidem, et alter in predioto altari Sancti Jacobi, et hoc de re- quiem, et uterque eorum in choro predicto quotidie habebit ab eodem collegio victu- alia. Item lego predictis presbiteris tenementa que perquisivi a Johanne Slone O'Meolkyllid infra predictam villam. Item lego eisdem domum quam perquisivi ab Edmundo Blake cum suis pertinenciis, quejacet ex opposite mea tenementa. Item lego eisdem domum quam perquisivi a Sabina Ymcrywire, et cituatur prope domum Petri Lynche mei fratris. Item eisdem lego omnes terras meas et tenementa in Atbnary per me emptas et possessas, ut videbitis in libro, et patet eciam per evidencias inde confectas. Item lego Stepbano meo beredi tenementum meum principale, in quo nunc inhabito, cum suis omnibus pertinenciis, prout ego nunc iUud possideo, super relinquo meum anniversarium mearumque ambarum uxorum imperpetuum, in eadem ecclesia celebrandum. Item lego eidem Stepliano tenementa que perquisivi a domino Waltero Blake, ac domum lapideam prope illud quam perquisivi aDavideBodekiu, cum suis perti- nenciis. Item lego vii. filiis prefati Stephani et eorum cuilibet libr. xx" sterlingorum, summa centum ultra libras. Item relinquo Julianam meam uxorem in sub- jeccione et tuicione prefati Stephani, quern intime rogo qvxatenus predicte Juliane bene faciat ; dando sibi omnia que debet habere, considerando meam primam uxorem Anas- taciam Martyn, cum consilio executorum meorum ac aliorum peritorum, et cum bona consueta. Et prefata Juliana bene se reget prout decet. Item Gabrieli filio meo lego tenementa lapidea que perquisivi a Willielmo Lynche filio Sandere cum suis per- tinenciis ac suo pavimento, ac domum lapideam in qua inhabitat Willielmus O'Sire- aden, et aliam domum in fronte predicte domus in qua Ffulke nunc inhabitat, ac omnes terras ab eodem Willielmo impignoratas michi, de Baleban et Leacaurewache, et cetera alia que ab eodem Willielmo et suis filiis habeo. Item lego Petro meo filio tenementa cum suis pertinenciis que perquisivi de Galfrido et Petro Blake, cum suis structuris et edificiis ibidem edificatis. Item relinquo prefatum Petrum Lynche, cum omnibus suis bonis mobilibus, et immobilibus, sub proteccione et tuicione predicte Stephani. Item lego omnia terras et tenementa, molendina et alia edificia tarn infra villam pre- dictam quam extra ubicunque fuerint inventa, necnon gurgites anguillarum atque loca rethe salmonum in ampne predicte ville sic dividenda inter sepedictum Stephanum et dictum Petrum. Item lego eisdem Stephano et Petro omnia bona mea mobOia et pignora, similiter dividenda exceptis preexceptis legatis, et inde specLaliter et nominata, et premissa omnia dividantur inter eosdem Stephanum et Petrum secundum Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 79 secundum discresionem prefata Stepbaui et alioruui exccutoruni meorum tunc viveu- cium, viz. tempore legittime etatis prefati Petri, et adjecta coudicione quod pre- fatus Petrus bene se reget et geret per omnia, secundum consilium et voluntatem pre- fati Stepbani. Et quod eidem Stephano erit in omnibus suis accionibus obediens, alioquin nichill de premissis eidem prestat. Item [si] aliquis filiorum meorum sine legitime heredi de corpore sue procreato decesserit, pars sue hereditatis revertatur ad eundem Stephanum suosque heredes, imperpetuum. Item quod nuUus filiorum me- orum potest vendere, vel alienare, ncque pignorare aUquam partem seu parcellam tocius hereditatis predicte, de cetero. Item sub mea benedictione eundem Stephanum rogo quatenus eidem Petro beneficiat. Et perbene sibi dividere suam partem hereditatis et bonorum mobilium, iit premittitur, dignetur. Ita quod Petrus sepedictus erit bonus juvenis, et obediens prefato Stephano, prout ego multiun confide in eodem Stephano. Item si Johannes filius meus vult venire ad hanc nostram villam Galvie, prestando Stephano meisque aliis filiis ununi computum cum solucione reali, ad arbi- trium predicti Stephani et aliorum executorum meorum, habebit partem sue heredi- tatis, secundum quod prefati executores sibi adjudicabunt. Ita quod solucio fuerit cum effectu verbis Item lego Anastacie filie mee Ixxx'^'" lin- teamentas aut valorem eorum. Item Agnete filie mee Ixxx"" linteamentas aut valo- rem eorum. Item lego fratribus predicatoribus de Athnary sex" sterlingorum . Item cuUibet conventui per totam Hiberniam xiii' et iiii''. Item conventui monas- teriorum de Galvia iiii" ". Item cuilibet conventui monasteriorum de obser vancia per totam Hiberniam marcam. Item cuilibet monasteriorum conventui de communi vita, ac de iiii'" ordinibus mendicancium, atque de iii° ordine observantium bonani regulam et exemplum, iii' et iiii"' denarios. Item operibus capelle beate Marsiede. Monte in occidentali parte nostre ville vi". Et pauperibus in domo paupermn, nostre ville degentibus, unam" xiii' et iiii"' deu. Item domibus leprosorum de Galvia et Athnry unam". Item ad raparaciones nostre ville quinque". Item [pro] reparacio- nibus Sancte Crucis nostre ecclesie unam Item Margarete Lynche sorori mee unam libram. Item Margarete Stephani Lynche i". Ithm Margarete x solidos. Item uxori Johannis Ylrirrnayn x solidos. Item Margarete EuiFe mee ancUle iiii" ''. Item Isibelle luymolgan ii" libras xiii' iiii''. Item Silinie Ynisida iiii'"' ". Item Margarete luymolgan i". Item Morine Inybinden i". Item Johanne Marty ne i"- Item lego dividendum pauperibus habitis xx" " ster. Item lego pauperibus in die obitus mei xx" linteamentas. Item heredibus Marci Lomelyne ix linteamentas vcl vi libras in pccuniis. Item Matheo Lorcan ii" libras. Item Cornclio O'Meolkallid unam". Item Anabline Inyhallnyn iiii"''". Item Magine Inyhallnyn in pig- nore super cellarium sui patris ad dotandam earn honcste, cum amicorum suorum xx linteamentas. Item coUcgio dicte ville i argentam chippam octo unci- arum. 8o Pedigree of Doctor Donmick Lynch. arum. Item donacionem, quam feci in scripto sub manu Willielmi Molgan publici notarii, prefato Stepliano meo heredi, cum nonnullis testibus et meo signeto afErma- tam de certa summa al enis, per Gabrielem de Eadolplio mercatorem Floren- tinum ad Bristoliam directa de Plombyn, nunc denuo eandem affirmo atque ratifico donacionem eidem Stephano factam, secundum discrecionem meorum executorum, prout mea bona se existant. Item omnio alia testamenta per me facta, verbo aut scripto, preter istud testamentum meum ultimum, quod condidi cum ratione et memoria perfeota, ad ipsius revoo et nuUo efFectu habere volo imperpetuum. Scriptum Galvie anno, mense, die supradictis, per me magistrum Mauricium supra- scriptum, coram prenominatis. " Et nos supradicti archiepiscopus et episcopi, facta applicacione hujusmodi testa- menti ut supra scribitur, omnibus heredibus, co-heredibus ac exeoutoribus Dominici Lynclie testatoris, precipimus et mandamus auctoritate supradicta, quatenus infra vi dies a die publicacionis presencium, hujusce approbacioui testamenti quiete et paci- fice obediant et acquiescant, qui si mandatis nostris non obediant inobedientes, vel ut nobis inobedientes elapssis dictis vi diebus, ecclesiastico per presentes subponimus interdicto. Actum et testificatum Galvie, anno, mense, die quiebus supra. In quorum omnium et singulorum fidem et testimonium, liujusmodi testamenti per nos approbati, transcripto sigilla nostra apposuimus, cum subscriptione manuuni nostrarum. " Thomas Tuamensis, manu propria. " QuiNTiNUS episcopus Cluanesis, manu propria. " Et nos dictus Mauricius eadem gratia episcopus Fyniborensis cum pre- dictis approbavimus, manus propria. " Cornelius procurator episcopi Elpbenensis Georgii, manus propria. " Matheus Duacensis. " Et nos dictus Bona Ventura eadem gratia episcopus Rosscnsis cum pre- dictis dominis approbamus, manu propria. " Cormacus episcopus Aladensis, manu propria. " Ego frater Clemens Oceall, gerardianus de Kilkonan testimonium per- hibere veritatis, manu propria. " Eneas abbas de Cunga, manus propria. " Padinus procurator Eicardi Aladensis. " Difinitores vi qui ita sic re " Phillipus W Cenry. rectot de Hacamor, jurisperitus. " Ego frater Mauricius Derunc dictus de Rosseregla superior. " Attestaciones et approbaoiones 1 . . . . fratris in Dez, manus propria. " Manus propria Galfridi Yculenain, procuratoris Donaldi Enachdu- nensis ecclesie decani. " Manus Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 8 1 " Manus propria Edmundi De Burgo, archidiaconi ejusdem ecclesie Enag- dunensis. " Et ego magister Richardcs Nangle, sacre pagine professor, viz., emeritus, et unus eorum spiritualium aiiditorum, sic fieri vidi et teste judicavi, manu testatoris propria. " Manus propria magistri Cormaci, de baccalarii, ac domini epis- copi Cluanensis secretarii. " Epdem modo ego frater Karolus de ordine Fratrum Pri'dicatorum perlii- beo testimonium veritatis, manu propria. " WiLLiELMUs abbas de Portu P approbo omnia suprascripta. " Magister Edmundds M'^ Henry, officialis general! ecclesie Aladensis unus difinitoriun regulariter difinens manus propria. " Ego frater Cormacus, gardianus conventus Fratrum Minorum de Galvia, sicut prius ista commendo, manu propria. " Et ego vero Dermicius O'Clwyain, clericus Tuamensis diocesis ac publicus imperiali auctoritate notarius ac supradicti provincialis et consilii. " Irrotulatur suprascriptum testamentum de suo originali in banc presenciam for- niam, de verbo ad verbum transcripsi, in fidem et robor omnium et singuJoruni pre- niissorum rogatus et reqiiisitus." Domnick Lynch the testator, who was commonly called Domnick Dubh, i. e. nit/er, or the black, and his son and executor Stephen, are thus noticed in Vita Kirovani : " lu vetusto collegii libro Dominicum Lynchasum cognomento nigrum, anno salutis 1505 mortuum, intimum CoUegiifundatorem fuisse legi : quibus verbis meo quidem judicio innuitur, ilium ex integro, ope nullius efflagitata, collegium extruxisse, ejus insignia in januse superliminari vetustatc penè jam exesa visuntur, Stephanus illius Domi[ni]ci filius, Andre» Finiborensis nunc (A. D. 1668) episcopi abavus, anno sa- lutis IJ35 mortuus, australe templi latus è viridi marmore afFabrè dolato, sicut pater collegium, sedificavit ; gentilitium ejus scutum tribus trifoliis in campo cyaneo deau- ratis constans in summo muro prope subgrundium cernitur : Idem etiam Stephanus conventum Eremitarum Sancti Augustini in collè urbi finitimo, ct alius è Lyncais Finniborensis Episcopi Majoribus coenobium Dominicanorum ab occidente condidit." — p. 9. In A. D. 1 529, Sir John Eawson, prior of the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, at Kihnainham, near Dublin, by the following instrument, appointed Stephen Lynch Fitz-James his principal proctor and agent in and throughout aU Connaught. The original document is preserved in the before-mentioned Collegiate Library of Galwaj-. IRISH ARCH. soc. MiscELL. VOL. I. M " Procuratorium 8 2 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. " Procuratorium Stepliani Lynch, a Priore Hospitalis de Kilmaynan juxta Dublinium, ad coUigendos ejus redditiis in Conacia, A. D. 1529. " In Dei nomine Amen: per presens publicum instrumentum cunctis evidenter ap- pareat et sit notum quod anno ab Incarnacione Domini millesimo quingentesimo vi- cesimo nono, indiccione prima jiontificatus sanctissimi in Ckristo patris et domini nostri domini dementis liujus nominis Pape septimi, anno sexto, mensis quidem Julii die xxii, in magna camera capitalis domus de Kylmaynan juxta Dublinium, hospitalis sancti Joliannis Jerusalem in Hibernia, in mei notarii publici subsignati, et testium infrascriptorum presencia, personaliter constitutus, venerandus religiosus dominus Johannes Eawson miles, prior dicti hospitalis, melioribus via, modo, jure et forma quibus potuit seu debuit, dilectum sibi in Christo spectabilem virum Stephanum Fitz- James Lynch, mercatorem de Galvia, suum verum, legitimum et indubitatum pro- curatorem, actorem, factorem, negocioriunque suorum gestorem, et nuncium speci- alem fecit, constituit et ordinavit, solum et insolidum, ita quod non sit melior condicio occupantis. Deditque et concessit dictus venerandus dominus constituens eidem pro- curatori sue potestatem generalem et mandatum speciale ad locandum, arrendandum, et ad firmam sive firmas dimittendum, vice et nomine sue, ac dicti hospitalis personis ad hoc aptis, quecumque dominia, terras, tenementa, redditus et servicia, decimas, oblaciones et alteragia dicto hospitali per totam Connaciam qualiterounque spectantia, cum omnibus et singulis suis pertinenciis, et presertim decimas ecclesiarum parochi- alium de Ballyclare et de Kyltarragh Tuamensis diocesis, villam de Clomakany juxta Ballyclare predictam, cum omnibus suis pertinenciis, decimas de Kenaleghen Clon- fertensis diocesis, ac capellam et domum Sancti Johanuis Baptiste de Ballyne-Eobe, cum una carucata terre, et uno molendino ibidem pro congrua sive congruis, simima sive summis redditus ad usuales et consuetos terminos inde reddendum, annuatim, et hujusmodi redditiis et arreragia eorundem, a dictis firmariis et eorum quolibet ex- igendum, petendum, levandum, et recipiendum, ac de receptis acquietanciam sive acquietancias conficiendum, sigillandum et deliberandum, intrusores quoscumque dictas decimas, terras sive dominia, seu aliquam parcellam eorumdem violenter sive injuste occupantes, processu juris, seu alio modo quocunque legitimo repellendum et penitus amovendum, et si necesse fuerit singulos firmarios non solventes coram qui- buscumque judicibus splritualibus, vel secularibus in quibuscumque curiis conveni- endum, implicitandum et prosequendum, summam vel summas ferri petendum et audiendum, judicem sive judices eligendum vel recusandum, damna quoque et inter- esse petendum et recuperandum provocandi et appellandum, Apostolosque petendum et recipiendum provocaciones et appellationes notificandum et intimandum, et earum causas prosequendum, alium vel alios procuratorem vel procuratores substituendum ot destituendum, procuratorisque officium in se reassumendum, quociens et quando sibi Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 83 sibi videbitur expedire : fructus quoque redditus et proventus hnjusmodi ecclcsiaruui, villarum, terrarum et dominiorum petenduro, colligendum et recipiendum ac conser- vandum, et de eis ad commodum, usum et utilitatem dicti prioris et hospitalis, libere disponendimi ; cetcraque omnia et singula faciendum, exercendum et expediendum que in premissis et circa ea neccssaria fuerint seu quomodolibet oportuna, eciani si talia foront que mandatum de se magis exigant speciale quam presentibus sit expressum. Et dictus dominus constituens pro se et successoribus suis promisit se ratum, gratum et firmum perpetuo habiturum totum id et quicquid dictus procurator suns substitu- tusve seu substituendus ab eodem fpcerit in premissis vel in aUquo premissorum, judicioque sisti et judicatum solvi sub ypotlieca et obligacionem omnium bonorum suorum mobOium et immobilium preseneium et futurorum. Et dictus dominus con- stituens ad tunc ibidem declaravit se velle liujusmodi suam constitucionem et potes- tatem eidem procuratori sue, ut premittitur attributas, ad vim biennium post datum preseneium et non amplius valituras. Super quibus omnibus et singulis dictus dominus constituens me notarium publicum subsignatum, ut sibi unum vel plura publicum sou publica conficerem instrumentum sive instrumenta debita cum instancia requisivit. Acta sunt hec prout -suprascribuntur et recitantur sub Anno Domini, indiccionis pontificalis, mense, die et loco quibus supra. Presentibus ad tunc ibi- dem discrete et honesto viro domino Ricardo Ellercare, prebendario de Castroknocke, et stpvardo de Kyknaynan, et Roberto North literato, testibus ad premissa vocatis spe- cialiter, et rogatis. " Et ego Nicbolaus Bennet, Ffernensis diocesis oriundus, publicus, sacre sedis apostoUce auctoritate, notarius, quia prenominati procuratoris constitucioni potestatis, ceterisque premissis omnibus et singulis prout suprascribuntur et recitantiir, sub Anno Domini, indiccionis pon- tificalis, mense, die et loco quibus supra agebantur et fiebant, una cum prenominatis testibus presens personaliter interfui : eaque omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audivi. Ideo hoc presens publicum instru- mentum inde confeci, scripsi, publicavi, et in hanc publicam formam redegi, signoque et nomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi in fidem et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum. Una cum appen- sione sigilli dicti venerandi Domini constituentis ad arma, rogatus spe- cialiter et requisitus. Ihesus, Maria. Nicholaus Bennet, Notarius." The following document, from tlio same repository, records the erection of an liospital in Galway, called the " Poor men is houss," in A. D. 1567, by Martin Lynch Fitz-Christopher ; and with it I close these ancient evidences of the public munifi- cence of the Lynch family, alluded to in this pedigree : M 2 "Tills §4 Pedigree of Doctor Domniclc Lynch. " This endentur made at Galwey tbeiglit day of November in the ix"" yeare of the raign of our moste dreade soverayn Lady Elizabetlie, by the grace of God queen of Englaund, Ffraunce, and lerlaund, deffenndour of the faith, etc., and of our lorde God M°D°Lxvii, by tuxt Sir Patryck Dermode, wardian of the parishe churche and colladge of the said to^vn of Galwey, and the rest of his brethern the corrall viccarys of the same of that on jiartie, and Martin Linche fitz Christopher of the same town bourgeis of thother partie. Witnesseth that whereas the said Martyn begonn a certayne worck in the worshipp and honnour of Almightye Godd, and harbrow the poor and nedye within the same town, and for the better mantaynaunc of the same poor men is houss, and to uphold the same, exhibited an humble peticon imto us the said wardiaii and viccarres, and he requyered us in way of charitie and augment the living of the said poor men is houss, to graunt unto him, and to the said poor man is houss, the thre housses to us belonging, which benn anexid unto the said poor man is houss, waluing per ann. to our colladge tenn shillinges sterling after thold custumy : and for due payment of the said x*. to by payd to us and to our successours, wardians, and viccaries of the sam yerly, the said Martin have not onely the said buyldinge by him mad uppon the said poor men is houss, and all other the comodities thereunto bylong- iuge and as well have bound by theass presents his own principall tenement wherein he dwellethe with thappurtenauuces which was som tym Domnick Duff Linche tenement as it extendethe. And we the said wardiann and viccaries and every of us perceiving the good and goddly opynion of the said Martyn, and also considering the meritorious great work by him begonn upon the said poor men is houss, and that it wear mete and convenient for us to ayde and assist him and all others pretending the lyck worck, and to encoradge ther herts thereto. In consideration of the pre- misses we the said wardian perceaved the puer and sencer devocon of the said Martyn towards the said poor men is howss ; and so inclyned our harts to graunt his peticon : And by theass presents have given and graunted unto the said Martyn, and to the said poor men is houss for evermor, the said thre housses parcells of our launds situated in the Upper Showmakers, by tuxt the lanne in the west, Teig M"^ Domezii is litteU houss of stounn in the northe, Nicholas Linche's tenement in theast, and Donell Ffollazainy is ground in the sowth : the said Martyn and the said poor men is houss to have and to hold the said thre housses, in leingth and breade as they extendethe, with aU manner comodities, buyldings, and apurtenaunces for ever mor of the said wardian and vicarres, and their successom-s. The said Martin, and his heirs, being bound to yeld and pay unto the said wardian and viccaries, and unto ther successours for ever the som of tenn shillinges sterling coraunt lawfuU mony of Englaund yerly at two severall termes accustomed, to sey Easter and Mighellmas, and for payment thereof, Martyn have bounde his said prmcipall tenement, and as well promissed and by cam bound Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 85 liound tliat he neither now other of his heires shall make no niimer alteracons neither alienate the said thre housses, nether any houss thereof to no manner persone, neither giv no entrest thereof to no person is uss from the uss and comoditie of the poor men is said houss : and if the said Martyn, or the proctours of the said poor men is houss, shuld hold the said rents, or any parte thereof ffrom the said wardian, viccaries, or from ther successours, the space of two years. Then the said wardian and viccaries, and ther successours may lawfully enter in possession of the said thre housses, with thapurtenaunces ageinst all maner personis for ever. To the accompassemeut and per- formaunc of the premisses in every condicon afore written and expressed, the said wardian and viccariis haue bound themselves and ther successours wardianus and viccaries of the sam, and as well ther goods and lands present and to com, and in lyck manere the said Martyn for his parte bounde his person, his goods, his said principall tenement, with all his goods, lands, catteils, heirs and executours pre- sent and to com, renouncing all excepcions to the contrary by theass presents. In witness hereof the parties intercheangeably to thess endentours set ther signis and sealls, and willid the town clearck to writ and sign the same, the yeare and day above : beinge present, Mr. Edmound Kyrowain, mayor of Galwcy; James Linche Fitz- Ambros, and Martin Kyrowain, bailivis; Denis Kyrowain and Kobowk Linche Fitz-Henry, proctours; Thomas Colman, notary; and others. Per me Mart yne Lynche Fyz-Christopher." Page 52, line 30. Glasses of divers coulors. — The rich windows of this ancient church were dcmolislied after the wars of A.D. 1688. Page 53, line 12. litirpe clarus. — This inflated epitaph has been thus humorously translated liy a member of the Irish Archaeological Society: " A Milesian by birth — the soldier"» dear joy, A very young man, but a very old boy ; From this wretched county to heaven he's raised, Here lies Stephen Lynch, God Almighty be praised." The words " excitatur" and " Martinus" in the text, are " cxaltatur" and " Stephanus" on the monument. The above epitaph is only exceeded by that of the tremendous Dutch admiral Trorap, at Delft ; which our inditer might have had in view : " Batava; gentis decus — virtutis bellicae fulmen — Amor Civium — Hostium Terror — Oceani stupor — Martinus Ilarpertus Trompius ; cui Schola Oriens et Occidcns, Mare Materia Triumphorum, Universus Orbis Theatrum Gloria; fuit." A. D. 1554. Page 86 Pedigree of Doctor Domnich Lynch. Page 53, line 27. Archbishop of Tuam This venerable prelate is said to have lived to the age of 118 years. • Page 54, line 1 1 . Mr. Peter Li/nch of Sruell. — See in Clanricarde's Memoirs, fol. Lend. 1757, p. 7, allusion made to this " Peter Lynch of Shruell;" \vhom the Marquess, Id. p. 72, calls "Pierce Lynch, my tenant of Shreull." The castle here belonged to his lordship. It is situate on the confines of Galway and Mayo counties ; and near it an " inhuman and barbarous massacre" was committed in February, A. D. 1641; of which see a narrative in Lodge's "Peerage of Ireland," vol. ii. p. 331, first edition; and vol. iv. p. 239, edition by Archdall, A. D. 1789. This narrative has been compiled from the depositions of " Mr. John Gouldsmith, parson of Brashowle" {Burrishoole), in Mayo, and others; which depositions are now preserved in the MS. Library of Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, F. 3. I. The following passage, Mayo Volume, p. 5, omitted by Lodge, may be considered curious : " Deponent" (John Gouldsmith) "having been a Romish P^' {sic in orig.) and converted to the Protestant religion by the light of God's truth, and therefore more hated than any other by the Papists. The rebells coming to his house at midnight, the day of , 1 641, presented their sharp skeines to his throate, robbed him then and other times of all his goods, worth about £500 ; and forcibly ex- pelled him from his church- livi ng and lands, worth £ 1 00 per annum. Having heard and being told by some of his neighbours, that he had no waye to save his life but by going to masse, he fled away, and was pursued by Edmond O'Maley M'=. Laughlin, who besett the house whither he was fled, with about 20 of his men, saying unto him, ' M^. Gould- smith doe you remember how your English have served us. How they slitt our noses and scared our faces ; come forth.' And was so bitter against tliis deponent, that, had not a frier begged for him upon his knees, (as the neighbours told him) he had cut out the deponent's tongue. At length, with much diffictilty, deponent escaped to the Lord of Mayo's house; and was the second man that was robbed in the county of Mayo, as he supposeth." The deponent further states, among other matters also omitted by Lodge in the narrative, that " he was in the county of Westmeath, as a Protestant clergyman." He was the ancestor (grandfather?) of Oliver Goldsmith, our highly gifted poet and essayist, but superflcial and prejudiced historian; for proof of which see that part of his History of England that treats of the aflfairs of Ireland in the seventeenth century. There is a tradition current in the counties of Westmeath and Roscommon, that the poet was descended from a friar, whom the people designate by an epithet too gross to be mentioned here. That tradition is in some degree sup- ported Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 87 ported by the testimony above quoted. These particulars were, probably, unknown to Doctor Prior, the elegant biographer of Goldsmith. Pagu 56, line 19. Kirovan — a vert/ renowned man. — This was the celebrated Francis Kirwan, Bishop of KiUala, whose life, written by Doctor John Lynch, is mentioned p. 68, (note). The compilers of the foregoing pedigree have erroneously stated, that Doctor Kirwan died in A. D. 1654; but it appears from his life, that he was banished from Ireland in A. D. 1655, and that his death took place at Rennes, in France, on 27th August, A. D. 1616. Icon, p. 102: "die 27 Augusti hora noctis undecima, ultimum emisit spiritus. — et die Dominica, postridie illius diei qua extinctus est, concionatores eum fuisse virum prajdicabant, cujus vita plurimam sanctitatem redolebat." — p. 103. See also Ilib. Dominicana, p. 490. Some additional light might be thrown on the life of this venerable prelate, but here it would be irrelevant. The family of Kirwan, rerte 0'Kirwan(ua Ciappaban), is purely Irish, and not of Saxon or Anglo-Norman origin, as has been erroneously supposed by some members of the name. This is a fact which was well-known to the late distinguished philoso- pher, Richard Kirwan, a member of this family, who was an honour to his name and country; and it was by him duly appreciated. That learned individual considered the Milesian families of Ireland, if not superior, to be, at least, no way inferior to the English or Anglo-Norman adventurers, who first came liither in the twelfth century. The following judicial document, relating to this family of O'Kirwan, is taken from the original, dated A. D. 1485, preserved in the Collegiate Library of Gal way. " Universis Christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit, Willoke Lynche, superior ville de Galwy, Johannes Lynche fyz-Edniundi prepositus, et sui combur- genses de Galwy, salutem in Domino sempiternam. Noverit universitas vestra quod, aparentibus coram nobis, Davide 0'' Ki/rrvat/n et dominis Waltero, Thoma et Johanne suis germanis, ex parte una, et Davide Bodikyn ex parte altera, prefatus David et sui germani conquerebantur super prefato Davide Bodikyn, pro eo quod ipse eos impedi- ebat fabricare quandam domum, in quadam placea impignorata pro sua dote Elene t/ny Kymayn germane eorundem, relicte bone raemorie Edmundi Bodikyn, videlicet, con- tra vim et formam sentencie in nostra curia, in causa ejusdem dotis quondam late, pre- fato vero Davide Bodikyn ex adverse, eodem instanti proponente prefatos, ante omnia juxta formam ejusdem sententie teneri probare tradicionem ejusdem dotis, quomodo, qualiter et quantum tradiderunt, certam diem et horam eidem Davidi et suis germanis ad probandam traditionem ejusdem dotis, et quomodo, qualiter et quantum tradide- runt, assignavimus ; quo die et hora advenientibus, partibusque coram nobis compa- rientibus, prefatus David et sui germani predict! satis luculenter, per suflicientos evi- dcMK'ius 88 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. dencias et experimenta formaliter producta, probaverunt se solvere prefato Edmundo Bodikyn, in dotem et maritagium ejusdem Elene sue germane, realiter et cum effectu, duodecem libras, quindecem solidos et duos denarios. Ideoque nos predicti superior, prepositus et nostri comburgenses eidem prime sume omnino adlieaentes, judicavimus, sicut per presentes judicamus, predictam placeam titulo pignoris pro summa dotis pre- dicta obligari prefato Davidi OKyrrvayn et suis germanis predictis, quousque de pre- fata summa plenarie effectualiter fuerint persoluti, fructus et obvenciones ejusdem pignoris, durante titulo ejusdem, libere percipiendo : lignea eciam edificia, quociens aut quando opus fuerit, durante titulo ejusdem pignoris, sine impedimento aliquo, fabricantes et fabricata reparantes ; quos vero Davidem et suos germanos predictos in possessionem ejusdem pignoris induximus et inducimus, per presentes. Ita tamen quod omnia et singula que probabit prefatus David Bodikyn, per satissufficientes probationes, prefa- tam Elenam ex bonis prefati Edmundi sui conjugis sine satissufficienti titulo adeptam fuisse, demantur omnino de summa pignoris prediota. De quibus omnibus et singulis, infrascriptum publicum notarium banc sententiam in banc publicam formam redigere facimus. Hec sententia lata est apud Galvvey, tertio die mensis Septembris, Anno Domini millesimo cccc" Ixxxv". et regni Kegis Eicardi tercii anno tercio. " Et ego vero, Willielmus Molgan, clericus Enaclidunensis diocesis, publi- cus, auctoritate Imperiali, notariusque, cum omnia et singula premissa, sic et premittitur, fierent, dicerentur et agerentur presens interfui, eaque omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audi^-i. Ideoque jussu et rogatu predictorum superioris, prepositi et suorum comburgensium, anno, die, mense et loco quibus supra, indicatione vero tercia, pontificatus Domini Innocencii pape VIII. anno secundo, in banc publicam formam redegi, signo et nomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi, rogatus et requisitus, in fidem et testimonium omnium et singulorum premii After tbis time, the O'Kirwans, in order to Anglicize tbeir name, divested it of the national O; but without that prefix, the name cannot be expressed in the Irish language. This antinational practice of Anglicizing Irish surnames, has been preva- lent for the two last centuries. Page 56, line 28. D. John Baptista Rehucino Einuccini — Ilib. Dom. p. 650. Page 57, line 3. Relations of said fa. Domnick Lynch. — Some of these distinguished individuals will be found noticed in De Burgo, Hib. Dom. ; and Ware, De Scriptor. Hib., Harris's Ed. See Pedif/ree of Doctor Doinnick- Lynch. 89 See tbe former, p- 522, for au account of " Fa. Nicholas Lynch, of the order of Preach- ers;" where he is called, " Vir plus, et Kosarii Restaurator Galvice, ac per totuni Regnum Propagator zelosissimus : Id. p. 588, " Dominicus Lincseus, Vir (inquam testis oculatus) vera plus, suique Instituti custos integerrimus, cujus Viiltus plane ange- licus praeclarum aliquid supra humanum semper prsseferebat." See also Harris's Ware, vol. ii. pp. 166 and 191, for notices of Fa. Richard Lynch and Stephen Lynch, and their ^vritings. The latter was generally called Stephanus a Galvia. The pub- lished works of these learned men have been carefully preserved in the Collegiate Library in Gahvay. Page 58, line 6. Sir Robert Lynch, Barronet Ancestor of Sir Htbert Lynch Blosse, of Castle Carra, in tlie county of Mayo, Baronet. Pacje 58, line 1 2. Sir Rirlmrd Bhike Ancestor of the Right Honorable Lord Baron Wallscourt. P(i(/e ^8. line 13. (ienffri/ Broicn. —Ancestor of the Right Honorable Lord Baron Oranmore and Browne. Pti(/e 58, line 19. ffSaghnissy O'Shaughnessy. For an interesting account of this once renowned, but now reduced Milesian race, see " The Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy- Fiachrach," p. 372, lately published by the Irish Archaeological Society. Sir Roger O'Shaughnessy aUuded to in the text, is thus noticed in Vita Eirovani: "Nee admisit \_Alladensis] munificentiam non multum absimilem ei a D. Rogero Sachnesy exhi- bitam, nobilissimo equite aurato nemini totius Connacise, cum à Marchione \_Clanri- cardice'] discesseris, hospitalitate liberalitateque secundo. Nimirum ad quos^as hospito excipiendos donisque afEciendos addictissimus fuit ; ut ejus valvis apponi potuerit decantata ilia inscriptio : Porta patens esto, nidli claudaris honesto. Instar progeni- toris sui Guarii Connaci» quondam Regis, qui ad liberalitatem omnibus praestandam adeo propensus fuit ; ut, cum summse liberalitatis elogio aliquem efferimus, Guario munificentiorem esse dicamus." — Icoti, p. 68. The fate of this great family affords a useful lesson. While the descendants of the burghers of Galway. who "followed in- dustry," are numbered with the nobles of the land, those of the Milesian chiefs, and among them of the " Lord O'Saghnissy," who " despised industry," are numbered with its beggars. The lineal representative of tliis " lord of many vassals," exemplifies th(> moral. He now stands shorn of " the many lands," but is always ready to make reprisals, by shearing others ; for he is, as we are told in the curious treatise on Hy- IRISH AUCH SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. N Fiachrach 90 Poem bij (Jratiauìis Lucius. Fiachrach just referred to, an humble member of tlie " ancient and lionoiirable fra- ternity" of barbers. Sic transit gloria rmmdi. Tlie Editor cannot close these notices, without expressing his acknowledgment to an amiable and respectable member of the family to which they relate, JNIiss Jiilia Maria Lynch of Galway, -whose father, the late Pierce Lynch, Esq., of Dangan, was the lineal representative of an ancient branch of his name. This excellent lady, with some of the old possessions, inherits the more valuable virtues of her ancestors ; and, by communicating the curious document here inserted, has helped to raise an honour- able and permanent monument to their memory. J.H. Akt. v. — Poem hy Gratianus Lucius, alias Doctor John Lym:h, Author iif Cambrensis JEversus, in Reply to the Question " Cur in putriam mm red is?" Visendi patrios valido tralior iinpete fines, nam uatalis humus me pius urit amor, In qua vagitus emisi pusio primes, et pressi teneris ubera grata labris. In qua doctriniE posui tyrocinia ; frontis forma meae cum juvenilis erat, Dulcis lerne suo gremio me fovit adultum, dum licuit mystte munus obii'C mihi. Hoc in terdenas impendi munere messes: interea excolui Palladis arte rudes. Sed sacra pertaisus domuum celebrare latebris, in templo optavi nostra videre sacra. Annuit Omnipotens votis. Patuere tot aunos ante per h^reticos ostia clausa feros. Sic tandem penitus voti damuatus, ad annos possedit denos gaudia summa sinus. Hac ego la3titià perfusits carmina dixi, . edita voce pii quaj Simeonis erant. Xunc Author ofCiimhri'im.y Evevsns. 91 " Nunc servum dimitte tuum, Deus alme, videre «teruam requiem coelicoKimque clioros." Nam mea videmnt in templis lumina palam Catholico ritu numina vestra coli. Hancce voluptatem cceli mihi Rector ademit, meque peregrinum passus adire solum est. Mens avet ad patrios rursum remeare penates, multa iter at sistunt impedimenta meum. Edideram libros, et in his ego culpo ministros Regis supremos, nil nisi vera loquens. Non dubito me quin odiis sectentur iniquis, et timeo fraugant ne mihi reste gulara, Impete nam mentis mage quam ratione feruntur, illis pro quovis jure libido sua est. Nee capiti nostro impendere pericla timerem, ast etiam hospitibus certa ruina forem ; Quos libertatis vel opum perferre necesse est jacturam, pandant si sua tecta mihi. Nee delatorum gravis et densissinia tm-ba. me permisissent delituisse diu, Malo timere nimis, mihi quam prudentia desit, facundo orator dixerat ore sagax". Sed dices scripti nunc nulla memoria yestri est, illam tempus edax oblivione delet. In silicis venis ardens est flamma sopita, qu£e ferri affrictu protinus icta micat ^_^. 01c " The worhs " Pro Marcello" are added Marcello: " Tua enim nostra cautio est : in the margin, opposite to this line in the ut, si in alterutro peccandum sit, nialini manuscript ; referring evidently to the videri niuiis timidus tiuaiii paniiii pru- following passage in Cicero's Oration Pro dens." N2 9 2 Poem III/ (ii'dtlanu.s Lucius, Sic quando in patria cernar tellure morari, horum qua3 scripsi mox memor hostis erit. Justa videtur ei magnum reprehensio crimen, cui fuerat sceleris debita poena gravis. Si patrem la3si, patris ultor filius in me acria patriti tela fiiroris aget, Audio magnates aliquos mihi velle favere, sunt alii, quibus est mens inimica mihi. Hi me dum cruciant, illi sua tergora vertent, meque premente uno, non feret alter opem. Finge age secure mihi nulla pericla parari, et me per quasvis pergere posse vias. Ipsa senectutis tristis torpedo labores vel modicos etiam me tolerare vetat. Nunc in Catholicos legum non stringitur ensis, impune exercent jam sua rite sacra. Intervalla febris sicut sunt lucida, ceu cum post placidimi flustrum sa3va procella furit. Sic post banc pacem tempestas dira sequetur, qua se cogetur condere mysta specu. Quid mihi tum fiet, latebras cui qua^rere vires jam desunt, etiam flaccida membra labant? Hinc fit ut officiuni non sim facturus amicis, sim detrimentum, simque futurus onus. His magis exilium, patrias, mihi proderit, in quo, e Coelo his animaa defluat oro salus. In patria scriptis mea tota industria sudat ornandà, hie mens est nocte dieque labor. Fors optanda Deus nobis ha3c otia fecit, qute non sunt opera prtetereunda levi, Verum Axfltor iif Cainlivensh Erersii.'i. 93 \Y'rum pro patria sunt impendenda labori, qua3 licet absenti semper amata mihi est. Sed nee omitto vacare mihi, nmnenque precari, eluere et vita3 crimen adorno meaj. Non poterit superesse diu grandajvus, et annos florentes crebro mors inopina rapit. Exitus e vita mihi certo certius instat. ut mihi sit felix snmma laboro dies, Missio militibus veteranis traditur. Ergo post annos actos est mihi danda quies. Hie animai multo magis indiilgebo saluti, in patrio3 quam si finibus ipse forem. Me jam decrepitum putris tenet ora sepnlehri, inter viventes est milii parva mora, Non opus est igitur patiiis ut deferar oris, quaaritur haud tanto tumba labore procul. Improbus hie miles non clamat voce tonante, in vinclum propere, perfide mysta, veni Non hie nos quartum tabulatum ascendinnis ultra, lit nobis fiat concio sive sacrum. Grandibus in templis palam veneranda locatur, non in despectis hostia sacra casis. Cunctis Catholici fit aperta professio cultfis, orgia Calvini rarus adire solet. In patrià haareticis templimi clangoribus horret, quod cantu vidi personuisse sacro. Orgia Calvin [i] sanctas ba[c]chantur ad aras, in quibus oblata est hostia sacra prius. Non ego liuninibus queo talia cernere siccis. horrorem incutiunt aiiribus ista meis. Certior g4 Poem by Gratianus Lucius, Ccrtior ergo salus peregre est, ubi summa propinquat lux mihi, morsque meas decubat ante fores. Jussit Abraliamum natali excedere terra Omnipotens, jussis paruit ille Dei Nimirum melivis peregre quis numen adorat, finibus iu patriis quam sine fine manens. Si semper fuero longinquis advena terris, sic mihi felicius conciliabo Deum. Mentis inops is habetur, qui discriminis expers ultro se certis objicit ipse malis. V'in me sedatam turbis mutare quietem, inque pericla sciens indubitata ruam. V'in stans in portu caput objectare procellis, et me securum v'in trepidare metu. Libertate fruor, qua me spoliare laboras, libertas vita est plus adamata mihi. Libertas etenim quovis non venditur auro, ergo servitio est anteferenda meo, Libertatis amans, rude jam donatus, acerbi rursus ego domini nolo subire jugum. Hie mihi dicendi quicquid libet ampla potestas fit, voces ardet carpere nemo meas. At quando nostro quid acerbius excidit oii in patriis oris, carptor iniquus adest, Qui verborum apices rimabitur usque meduUam, torquebitque meos in mala sensa sonos, Forsitan et vitte parient mea dicta ruinam, insidiatori si minus ilia placent. Fac tamen in patriam sit eundi fiicta potestas, et nuUus nobis objiciatur obex. QUil A uthor of Camhrensis Eversus. 95 Qua ratione sali poterunt tolerare labores a3vo confecti membra caduca senis, Esto etiam sahiis patriis fors advehar oris, prodero quid ? passus ta3dia tanta maris Nil mihi plus volupe est quara uotos cernere vultus, quam me uatali vivere posse solo. Gratius baud quicquam est quam me, post fata, sepulchre inferri, ante meimi quod genus omne tegit. Cum tamen optatum numeu douare recuset, illivis ad nutiun defero velle meum. Cognovi plures auro fuudisque valentes, quels nunc accepi vix superesse cibmn, Nobilimn natas, paribus quis nubere suetas, abjectEe plebis mmc juvat esse nurus, Magnatum hseredibus, quibus ingens copia rerum parta fuit, vili quasritvu: arte lucrum. Sidera lambentis qui mox fuit incola tecti, cogitur exiguis mmc habitare casis. Am-o qui fuerat permultis dives et agris, hie nunc mendicat, quem dabat ante, cibum. O quam smat multi, mii'abar quos modo Croesos, quos nunc mendicos cerno repente Codros. Millia multa virum sunt ad Garamantas et Indos amandata procul, qua? periere situ. His, qui non cessere domo, vis publica crebris sumptibus exiguas eripiebat opes. Qiiindenas hyeraes dulcis me Gallia nutrit, tamque diu patrite finibus exul ago. Aut Libitina meos vita3 subtraxit amicos, natali infelix exiliumve solo. Sedibus g6 Poem by Gmtiamis Lucius, Sedibus et faiistus tenuit quos casus anilis, exliaustos victus non nisi pauper alit. Qui fortunati me discedente fuerunt, vel vita dudum vel caruere bonis. Res igitiu- patria3 mentem vel lumina Indent, certa sed exilio hoc est mihi parta salus. Est mihi sola salus peregre discriminis expers in patria nil quam triste videre hcet, Tranquillum mentis statum prtepono dolori. Ergo peregrina est vita colenda mihi. NOTES. The foregoing poem, which is now for the first time printed, from the author's autograph, in the possession of the Editor, was written about A. D. 1667% by Doctor John Lynch (well known to the learned by the name of Gratianus Lucius), E. C. Arch- deacon of Tuam, and afterwards E. C. Bishop of Killala in Ireland. See De Burgo's Hibernia Dominkana, p. 30, note (9), where Doctor Lynch is mentioned as " Vicarius Apostolicus Alladensis." He composed this poem during his exile in France, in reply to the question, " Cur in patriam non redis ?" " Why do you not return to your native land ?" and in it he has detailed, in an affecting strain, the several reasons which de- terred him from so doing. It was probably unfinished, as some few false quantities may be detected; for example, in p. 91, " oblivioae," line 24 ; "sopita," line 25 ; p. 93, " pàlam," line 21. An account of Doctor Lynch's printed works is given in Harris's Ware, vol. ii. j). 163. See also Nicholson's Irish Historical Library, p. 2 ; and ante. ^ This date is ascertained from the following passage in the poem, p. 95 : " Quindenas hyemes dulcis me Gallia nutrit, tamque diu patriae fìnibus exul ago." Bishop Nicholson, in his Irish Historical Library, states that Doctor John Lynch tied i en Gahvay was surrendered to the Parliamentary forces ; which event, as appears from iisdf in Icon, p. 77, took place on the 12th of April, 1652. Author of Cambreml's Eversus. 97 p. 68, note. Those works, and particularly that entitled " Cambrensis Eversus," which is the most celebrated aud valuable of tbem all, will be found to furnish the best commentary on the present poem. That able and learned refutation of Cambrensis, which ought to be in the hands of every student of Irish history, contains most of the facts and sentiments to which the author has here given expression. The work opens with great dignity, in an avowal of the exile's devotion to his native land, addressed to King Charles the Second, after his restoration : " Patrise studium (Serenissime Rex) adeo altè pectori meo semper insedit, ut, licet ab ejus aspectu meos oculos vis hostilis avulserit ; in conditione ta- men ejus contemplanda, cogitationes meas assiduè defixerim ; quas ad gentis meae famam invidorum dentibus miserè discerptam, integritati pristina; vendicandam trans- tuli." — Epist. Dedkatm-ia. He then lays it down as a general principle, that the same feeling is strongly implanted by nature in the minds of all men: "Natura patriie studium adeo vehemens hominum animis insevit, ut illi, quos sua sors, aut aliena vis in regi- onibus à patria remotissimis collocavit, cohibere se non possint, quin animus in rebus patriis cogitatione perciirrendis assiduè versetur. Nam sicut heliotropium abeun- tem solem semper iutuetur, omnibusque horis cum eo vertitur, vel nubilo obum- brante : Sic naturse quodam impetu ferimur omnes, lit omni charitatis inclinatione mens nostra in patriam propendeat. Siquidem soli cogitationes omnes in ea defigimus, et in hominum consortio constituti, de ilia sermonem instituimus ; Nee possumus ab ea, quamvis a?rumnarum nube obtecta, cogitationes avertere." — Cambr. Ecers. p. 4. The operation of this noble feeling is thus beautifully Olustrated: " Ferunt aquilce nidum struenti alias aves opem ferre, et banc odorifera ligna, illam lauri frondes, unam pini ramos, aliam molles plumas nido fabricando subministrare: singulis pro sua fa- cultate studium suum et obsequium avium principi testari connitentibus. Animalculis scilicet istis nos inforraantibus, ut dotem, qua quemque nostnun vel natura imbuit, vel industria excoluit, ad patrioe laborantis opitulationem conferamus ; et ut hie manu, ille consilio, unus consolatione, alius precibus ad Deum fusis, earn ab intoritu revocare nitatur." — Id. p. 5. The author, turning his thoughts towards his own country, thus lays before the King a short statement of some of the proceedings of the Parliamentary party there: " Per totum Christianum orbem lex dudum et consuetude tulit, ut iina Christian» religionis professio servituti quemque subduceret: tui tamen Hiberni ab uxorum li- beroriun complexu abrepti ad Indias à togatis quibusdam vulturibus deportati sub hasta veneunt. Ita ingenui homines mancipii conditionem subire, et ministeria in- usitata quadam vilitatis novitate abjecta obire coguntur. Isti enim institures ad negotiationem ludicam designati Publicanos per jocum rogare consueverunt ut, cum IRISH ARCH. EOC. MISCELL. VOL. I, O ex 98 Poem hy Gratlanus Lucius. ex Hibernis, post fortunas omnes publicis sumptibus exhaustas, succum omnem tam- quam è malis aureis expresserint, turn eorum corpora tanquam malorum aiireorum cortices ipsis largiantur, è quibus non mediocre compendium deinde perciperent. Quamobrem dati sunt in prjedam infantes Hibernorum, et uxores eorum in divisi- onem, et civitates eorum in exterminium, et sancta eorum in pollutionem, ut fierent opprobrium gentibus : Judith, 4." — Epist. Dedkatoria. In the following stanza of our poem, see p. 95, allusion is made to the town of his birth, its magnificent buildings, and the misery to which its once wealthy citizens were reduced by the vicissitudes of war : " Sidera lambentis qui mox fuit incola tecti, cogitur exiguis nunc habitare casis. Auro qui fuerat permultis dives et agris, hie nune mendieat, quem dabat ante, cibum." In thePii Antistitis Icon {vide p. 68, ante), the subjects of this stanza are more amply detailed : "In occidua Hibernife regione celebre Galvi» oppidum Connacise caput visi- tur ; quae non ita pridem civibus frequens, negotiatoribus fervens, opibus florens fuit : lUud muri è viridi marmore pluribus firmati turribus, et Eedes ex eodem saxo in qua- tuor aut quinque contignationum altitudinem ut plurimum exurgentem [ ? exurgentes] et plateai quam amplissimse adornant; elegans omnium partium symmetria concinnat." — Icon, p. 2. " Preter tria Dei flagella, famis, pestis et belli, qure cives plurimum infesta- bant, quartum Dei flagellum aliqui fuisse dictitabant hebdomadariam stipendii militaris exactionem, quas tanta cum atrocitate fiebat, ut nisi sfngiilis sabbathi diebus, tuba ca- nente, ac tympano personante, indiotum stipendium ad amussim persolveretur, in domos ilico milites irruerent, et sclopulo, virorum, ac mulierum pectoribus admoto, mortem extemplo subeundam esse minarentur, si petita summa citra moram non exhiberetur, quod si, bonis, continuà pensionum solutione exhaustis, solvendo non essent, culcitrfe, spondae, lodices, mappa^, disci, et obvia qua?que suppellex, immo ipsae mulierum vestes in forum e vestigio rapiebantur, et vili pretio distrahebantur, ita ut sabbathi dies aliquam supremi judicii similitudinem retulisse videretur, quod tuba; clangor utrobique parem fere terrorem audientibus incusserit." — Id. p. 85. The extreme rarity of our author's works can alone justify the insertion of these lengthened extracts ; although they have been considered necessary towards rendering some passages of his poem more intelligible and satisfactory to the reader. Indeed there are but few works on our national affairs so rare, and at the same time so valu- able, as those of Doctor John Lynch, particularly his " Cambrensis Eversus ;'' nor are there any of which reprints would be more acceptable to the public, or useful to the student of Irish histor3'. J. H. Obits of Kikormkk. 99 Art. VI. Obits nf Kilcormicl: THE following obituary notices are taken from a Missal in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin", a MS. of the foiu:teenth or fifteenth century, formerly belonging to the Carmelite Monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary, founded in Kilcormick, now Frankfort, in the King's County, by Odo, or Aedh, son of Nellan O'MoUoy, at the beginning of the fifteenth century*. The obituary notices, several of which are of the 1 6th centmy, all occur in the calendar prefixed to the Missal. The first leaf, which contained the months of January and February, is unfortu- nately lost, and the calendar now begins with March. On the fii'st page of the first leaf now remaining are the following entries in a hand of the sixteenth century : " Missale Ivilcormick." " This was a booke belonging to the Abbey of Kilcormick, in the King's County." On the upper margin": " Obiit tyrrletus filius Dathei ac Kafredus filius maricii yconcubaip, anno domlni m°. eccc". xc°. 3°. autumpni in inicio." The word Kafredus is erased, and over it, in a somewhat later hand, is written Karolus. On the lower margin : " Obiit Ruoricus o'molmoy filius eiusdem niellani ac et capetaneus nacionis de ferkell in die paraschcue anno domini m°. cccc"". xxxi". cuius anime projii- cietur Deus. Amen"^." On " Class B, Tab. 3, No. i. year 1427 : " O'Molloy [O'TTIaoilrhuaiD] " Archdall Monasticon, p. 395. Fergal, lord of Fergall, died, and Rory, "^ The election of this Rory O'Molloy son of Niall O'Molloy, was elected in his to the chieftainship of his clan, is thus place." recorded by the Four Masters at the O2 I oo 01}its of Kilcormick. On the second page of the same leaf are the following entries, on the upper margin : " Memorandum, quod anno Domini m°. ccccc°. xxv. in octava die eplii- phanie interfecti fuerunt duo filii odonis ymolmoy, vz. odo et constantinus o'molmoy, juxta portam monasterii de Kylcormic et abstracti violenter ab ecclesia [per Karalum o'mylmoy et suos secaces*] quorum animabus propi- cietur deus. Amen. Et legens dicat pr. nr. et ave m''. in refrigerium animarum ipsorum et allorum omnium''." At the lo Kal. Mail, in the Calendar, is the following obituary notice of a female of the O'Conor family ; the date, written ID62, is probably intended for 1562: " A. D. ID62, obiit Sabina in i concyrr^." On the lower margin : " Obiit Karalus o'myh-uoy sue natlonis capltaneu.s in octava epliifanie ct sepultus in Kylcormac, A. D. 1542'- " Interfecti fuerunt duo filii odonis y mylmoy ioliannes et bernard in mullac alluipc, A. D. 1536." On the second leaf, page 1 (containing IMay), upper margin : " Obiit Karulus filius seclina vlr strenuus ac omni liumana gratia preditus, quinto die mensls maii, Anno Domini m°. cccc"". lxxvi'°- et sepultus est in monasterio Bcate Marie de Kylcormic in tertio gradu iuxta caput chori in aqui- lonali parte. Cuius anirae propicietur deus. Amen." On "* These words are added on the top, election of Karolus, or Cathaoir O'Molloy, but in the same liand. to the chieftainsliip in 1533, where they ^ No notice of this event is to be found say " Douell O'Molloy was slain on the in the Four Masters. green of Lynally, after which his brother, f This lady's death is not noted by the Cathaoir O'Molloy, was made chief ;" and Four Masters : in is for injean, daughter: the death of this chieftain is thus recorded in female names Ny is the same as in at the year 1541 : " O'Molloy (Cathaoir) m2L\es,&aàs\gn\tiiiSìiepos,OT descendant of. a man of great name and renown in his 8 The Four Masters have recorded the time, died." Obits of Kilcormich. i o i On the same page at the 2 Id. Mali, in the Calendar, is the fol- lowing note : " Hie obiit venerabills ac discretus vir Malster rogerus doduygem qui fuit excelsi ingenii mire discrecionis magne largitatis plenus gratia et verltate coram Deo et omnibus Sanctis, anno Domini melli°. ccccc. xli. cuius anime pro- picietur Deus. Amen." And at the 1 2 Kal. Junii : " Hie obbiit vir sine nomine occrruayll. Qui fuit dominus et princeps elie, occisus in castro suo proprio in cluoinlesc,'' morte incogitata, et nisi predlcitur im- provisa, et qui fuit magne saplentie et prudencie et mlrabilis fortitudinis, cuius anime propicietur Deus Amen, in anno Domini melli"°. cccccxll'." On the next page at i o Kal. Julii : " Obitus fratrls oliuerl druhul anno Domini 1468." On the first page of the third leaf, lower margin, is the following memorandum : " Memorandum quod anno Domini m°. cccc™°. Decimo xxviij. die mensis Jullj. interfccti fuerunt duo fdii Niellani ymolmoy, videlicet, Toorroncius et Tathcnus per homines patric de clanmakira, quorum animabus propicietur Deus. Amen." On the next page, at the 14 Kal. Septerabris, is the following- obit : " Obitus fratrls Edwardl brakan quondam prioris Kilcarmic, anno Domini m°. cccc°. Ix. vllj°." On " Now Clonlisk, in the King's County, wlio was son of John O'Carroll, and his a castle which gave name to the Barony kinsmen, assisted by the son of O'Molloy, of Clonlisk. in the castle of Clonlisg ; but although ' The Four Masters have given the fol- O'Carroll was an old man, he nevertheless lowing account of this event at the year displayed great prowess in contending 1 541 : "O'Carroll (Ferganainm, son of against his slayers, which gained him a Mulrony) was treacherously slain, he great name and renown. Twelve of his being blind, by Tadhg, son of Donuchadh, people were slain along with him." 102 Obits of Kilcormick. On folio 4, page i , upper margin : " Obiit Niellanus filius Cougogri ymolmoy in vlg. nativitatis Beate marie, et sepultus est ante magnum altare aput Kylrcarmic [«te], Anno Domini m°. cccc. lxxviij°. Cuius anime propicietur Deus. Amen." And at 6 Id. Sept. : " Obiit fratris Nicliolaus obrach." [O'Brachan] " prior quondam hujus mo- nasterii peste captus anno Domini 1536. On the lower mai'gin of the same page : " Occissus est quondam prior deduru et famosus et largus per partes clon- lunam per omnes partes de dellna et cloncolman. In vigilia matliei anno Domini 1553 Contanus o'mylmoy filius Karali cuius anime propitietur Deus, amen." (!)n the next page of the same leaf : ■•' Obitus odonls ymolmoy filii Niellani ymobnoy fundatoris nostri qui erat capetaneus sue nacionis, et sepultus in monasterio de Kylcarmicli ante mag- num altare in festo sancti remigii. Anno Domini m°. cccc"". 1°. iiij°. cuius anime propicietur Deus. AmenJ." At the 1 1 Kal. Nov. on the same page : " Dedicatio monasterii de Kylcarmic. Duplex festum." On J This event is recorded by the Four O'Molloy's son was left, attended only by Masters, as follows : " A. D. 1454, Hugh a few, in the rear of the booty. Theobald [the same name as Odo], the son of Niall O'Molloy, the sons of Hugh Boy Ma- O'MoUoy, lord of Fear Ceall, died, and geoghegan, and the Hy-Eegan [O'Dunns] his son Cucogry assumed his place. Cu- pursued the plunderers, and overtaking cogry repaired with his troops to the east O'Molloy's son on the borders of a bog, of Fear Ceall, to oppose Theobald O'Mol- slew him and several others there. Teige loy (who was endeavouring to obtain the O'Carroll then put Theobald in nomina- chieftainship for himself), and seized upon tion for the chieftainship, and others set great spoils, Theobald having left his up the grandson of Cosnamhach O'Molloy fortresses and his cows unprotected. With in opposition." these spoils the forces marched off, and Obits of Kilcormick. 103 On the upper margin of fol. 5, p. i : " Obiit arturus o'mylmoy sue nacionis capitaneus, anno Domini 1567''." At the 7 Kal. Decemb. on the same page : " Obitus fratrls rorici ymurissa, anno Domini 1568." On the upper margin of next page : " Interfectus fuit Odo Juvenis Omyhnoy sue nacionis capitaneus xii. Kal. Januarii anno Domini 157" [sic; forsitan pro 1577] "cuius anime propitietur Deus. Amen." At the end of the last page of the volume, there is the following curious Irish deed ; the substance of it is recited in Latin in a more modern hand, just above the Irish original, but the writer has left it unfinished : " Hoc scriptum fuit factum in die sancti Matliei apostoli ct evangelistc, inter fratres de Kylcarmic ex una parte, et thebtum [Theobaldum] filium donati et vxorem eius ex altera parte, circa contractus feudi quod in villa vadi flavi est. Et ista sunt debita fratrum . xvij. vace, et ex illis vacis sunt vij Then follows the Irish original, of which a translation is here added : " Qcpo inDinnnup do pinne loep Ci- " This is the Indenture that was made poiD muc Oonncao ajup na bparpi;i;, between Theobald the son of Donogh, and ajupabui agup a ckinn, ajup la pel the friars, and his wife and his children, meaca I'Uijip^el do pjpiba e, ajup ipe and on the day of the festival of Matthew ip epeacc oon oinnoiup, .i. na bpairpij Evangelist it was written, and the tenor DO bi ac cabaipc ^ill oo'n muinncep po ep of the indenture is, that the friars are to ucuiQ DO buiUe Qcu buiòe, ojup ip mup give these people a pledge for their part po ru^aoap in jeall amach, .1. en bo of IJaile Atha-buidhe' ; and this is the way " Art O'MolIoy was chief in 1557, but Four Masters. was deposed by the English, who set up ' Now Ballyboy ; it was one of the chiel' Theobald O'MolIoy in his room. — Seethe seats of the O'MoUoy family. When the 1 04 Obits of Kilcorm ick. oeaj 00 c-Seaan o maolinuaio, ajuf oa way the pledge is to be distributed, viz. baDomacrDuipceapcaiDmicQoDajajup eleven cows to John O'Molloy, and two ceirpi ha do Cipoio pen, ajjup piao po na cows to the son of Mortogh, son of Hugh, ba rujODCip na bpacpi amac. i. ha aile in- aud four cows to Theobald himself ; and IJ5C1D innlaoj cijup a pajail pan aimpip these are the sort of cows the friars have a noeupnao in pjpiBneopnecc. Qju)- undertaken to give away, viz., beautiful, lie po in bia aca ap na bpaicpiB na òia fat, and in calf cows, and to be given up pin, .i.bia cearpaip jaca paòrij DO peip at the time of perfecting this writing. jnacij na cipe. Qnnal in cijeapna. And this is the food that the friars owe mile bliaoain ajup 5 c. bliaoain ajup along with that, viz., the food of four rpi bliaònti. persons each quarter of a year, according to the custom of the country. The annals of the Lord are one thousand five hundred aud three years." It will be convenient to collect here in chronological order, the liistorical facts recorded in the foregoing entries, as they contain almost all that is known respecting the Abbey of St. Mary's, of Ivil- cormick. They were the only source of Archdall's information on the subject, who has quoted them, not from the original MS., but from King's collections, and consequently has fallen into some mis- takes, which will be pointed out in the notes. " 1410. July 28. Terence and Tatlicn O'Molloy, the sonsofNiall, were killed by the men of Clonmalura." '■1427. [O'Molloy Fergal, Lord of Fercall, died; and Rory, sonof'Niall O'Molloy, was elected in liis place."] — Four Master.^. " 143 1. On (rood Friday'", died Rory O'Molloy, son of'Niall, and cliieftain of Fergal." " 1454- King's County was made shire ground, this year," for which he quotes " Calen- liaUyboy became the head of a barony dar cnjusdam Missal, in Bibliotheca Coll. which retains its name to this day. — Mr. Dubl. King, p. 247." He [or his autho- O' Donovan. rity, King] evidently fancied that paras- ■" Archdall (p. 396), teUs us that this rerc meant Whitsunday — See p. 99. liory O'Molloy "died on Whitsunday in Obits of Kilcormick. 105 " 1454. On the feast of St. Rcmigius (Oct. ist), died Hugh orOdo O'Mol- loy, son of Niall, Lord of Fergal, and founder of the Abbey of Kilcormick. He was buried iu the ^lonastery, before tlie high altar." [Cugogry, son of Hugh O'Molloy, succeeded him in the chieftainship. — Four blasters. — See note, p. 102.] " 1468. June 22nd. Died, Friar Oliver Druhul." " Aug. 1 9th. Died Edmund Brakan, Prior of Kilcormick." " 1476." May 5th. Died Charles O'Molloy, son of Sechna, a brave man, endowed with every human grace ; he was biu-ied in the Monastery of St. Mary of Kilcormick, at the third step, near the head of the choir on the north side." " 1478. Died, on the vigil of the Nativity of St. Mary (Sept 7th), Niall, son of Cucogry O'Molloy, who is buried before the high altar at Kilcormick." " 1493. Died, at the beginning of autumn, Turlath, son of Dathi, and Kafred [Geoffry], or [according to the correction — see p. 99] Charles, son of Maurice O'Conor." " 1503. On the feast of St. Matthew the Evangelist (Sept. 21st), a deed was executed between Theobald O'Molloy, son of Donogh, and his wife on the one part, and the Friars of Kilcormick on the other." — See p. 103. " 1525. On the Octave of the Epiphany (Jan. 13th), the two sons of Hugh (or Odo) O'Molloy, viz. Hugh (or Odo) and Constantino, were violently dragged from the church by Charles O'Molloy and his followers, and slain near the gate of the Monastery of Kilcormick." " I533- [Donell O'Molloy was slain on the green of Lynally, and his brother, Charles O'Molloy, was made chief"] — Four Mastem. " 1536. John and Bernard, the two sons of Hugh (or Odo) O'Molloy, were slain at Mullach AUuirc." " Sept. 8th. Died of the plague. Friar Nicholas O'Braclian, Prior of Kilcor- mick." " 1 54 1. May 14th. Died Master Roger Doduygem, a venerable and discreet man, of lofty genius, of marvellous discretion, and of great liberality, full of grace and truth before God and all saints." — See p. loi. " May 2 1 St. Fer gan alnm (i. e. vir sine nomine) O'Carroll, son of Mulrony, Lord and Chief of Ely, was treacherously slain, he being blind, in his own castle at Clonlisk. He was a man of great wisdom and prudence, and of won- derful " Archdall makes this date 1479. IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. P io6 Ancient Testaments. derful valour. He was slain by Tadhg, son of Donncliadli, son of John O'Carroll" — See p. loi, and note '. "1542. Charles O'Molloy, chief of his tribe, died on the Octave of the Epiphany (Jan. 13th), and was buried at Kilcormick." [A man of great name and renown in his time. — Four Masters.'] " 1553- Contan O'Molloy, son of Charles, Prior of Duru [Durrow?] was slain on the Vigil of St. Matthew (Sept. 20th). A man famous and generous throuo-h the region of Clonlvme, throughout Dellna, and Cloncolman»." " 1562. April 22. Died Sabina Ny Conor." " 1567. Died Arthur O'Molloy, chief of his tribe." " 1568. Nov. 25. Died Friar Rory O'Morrissy." " 1577. Hugh (or Odo) O'Molloy, the younger, chief of his tribe, was killed, Dec. 21st." J. H. T. Art. VII. Ancient Testaments. THE two following testaments are printed from copies preserved in the Charter Book of the Corporation of the city of Dublin, fol. 71 d. and 72. They bear the dates of 1388 and 1440,' and are, perhaps, the earliest wills on record in this country. The Preroga- tive Court does not possess any original will or copy previovis to 1536, and 1457 is the earliest date in the registry of Michael Tregury, Arch- bishop of Dublin, from 1449 to 1471, now in the Library of Trinity College. I. Inventarium omnium bonorum Johannis llamound conditum die " This entry is not noticed by Archdall. colinan" and " In vigiha" in the entry, as It may seem not quite certain whether the it is printed p. 102, is a mistake of the Prior of Duru and Contan O'Molloy were press, and does not occur in the MS., al- iiot two different personages; but I am though " In" is written with a capital I, inclined to think they were the same. which misled the printer. The lull stop between the words " Clon- Amient Testaments. 107 die Martis proximo post festum exaltacionis Saiicte Crucis, anno domini millesimo ccc". Ixxxviij". In primis xvi. coclearia precii xvi. s. Item ij. pecee'' argenti precii xiij. s. iiij. d. Item j. maser ligata** con- tinens a pottell precii xx. s. Item ij. parve maseres bene ligate precii vi. s. viij. d. Item j. plumbum' continens xiiij. lagenas precii viij. s. Item ij. plumba precii x. s. Item j. plumbum precii vi. s. Item j. olla enea precii xviij. s. et continens xiiij. lagenas. Item alia olla enea continens v. lagenas precii vi. s. viij. d. Item olla enea continens \d. lagenas precii viij. s. Item j. belle precii iij. s. iiij. d. Item in domo tantoris' svmt xiiij. dacris' dedagonnys et sunt xx. dacris de hoddrys cum cuppis" barkett" et aliis pertinentibus ad domum predictam xx. marc. Item in sotularibus in shopa xix. dosen et iiij. paria precium cujuslibet doseyn iij. s. summa Iviij. s. Item vij. dosen de over- leddrys" precii vij. s. Item iij. lieydis precii iiij. s. vi. d. Item vi. lagene de Sajone'' precii iij. s. Item in hagardo sunt xx. acre frumenti precii quoted, in which the word occurs : " Guil- laume Chaudescole boursier estoit alez querre environ deux cens pesant de Dagones de pore pour mettre en euvre." The word is used by Chaucer, Cant. Tales, V. 7333- Perhaps hoddrys maybe for hif- driis : V. Du Cange v. hydria. " Cuppis — Vessels, or vats, vide Cupa Du Cange. ' Barken.~0^\ bark. " Overlcddrys. — Overleathers. " Sayme — Herring brine, much used in old times for dressing leather. Caxton, in the " Book for Travellers," says : " The coryer coryeth his hydes with sajTne of heryngs;" and again he says of it, " men enoynte therwyth shoes." Perhaps instead ^ Pecee. — Vessels, see Du, Cange, v. Pecia. ^ Maser ligata A bowl hooped or bound with silver See p. 1 1 1 ; and Du Cange v. Mazer, •■ Phtmhum A leaden vessel. ' Domo tantoris. — The tenter house for stretching and drying skins — Du Cange, V. Tentor. • Dacris. — " Dacra consistit ex 10 co- riis."' — Du Cange, see also " Dakir'''' Ja- cob's Law Diet. The word Dagonnys is probably the plural of the French Dagone, which seems to have been a technical word in the tanner's craft. In one of Carpen- tier's additions to Du Cange (sub voce Dacra), a charter of the year 1373 is io8 Ancient Testaments. precii V. marc. Item viij. acre ordei precii xxxij. s. Item sunt xxxiij. avenarum precii v. li. Item in feno precii xiij. iiij. d. Item vi. caballi precii xx. s. Hec simt debita que debentur predicto Jolianiii. In priniis Jo- hannes Schergeley debet pro iiij°'. paribus de Botys viij. s. viij. d. Item predictus Johannes debet pi-o xxx. paribus sotularium preciuni X. s. et pro factura trium parium alborum sotularium ix. d. Item pre- dictus Johannes debet pro Willehno Sley xx. d. Item Prior Sancte Trinitatis Lokyneton'' debet pro i. pari de Botys ij. s. Item pro factura miius paris de botis viij. d. Item pro viij. paribus sotularium iij. s. iiij. d. Item pro xxxiij. paribus sotularium v. s. ix. d. Item Jacobus Bednys pro i. pari de botis et ij. paribus sotularium ij. s. viij. d. Item Robertus Ever pro vii. paribus sotularium ij. s. iiij. d. Item dominus Adam de Nas pro viij. paribus sotularium ij. s. iiij. d. Item Johannes Yong pro ix. paribus sotularimn iij. s. ix. d. et pro servo suo iij. d. Item Ricardus Carrane pro v. paribxis sotularium ij. s. i. d. Item servo suo iij. d. Item Priori^ de Kilmaynan pro botis et sotularibus xlvi. s. Item Bartholomeus Dullard pro ij. pari- bus sotularium et i. pari de pynsonz" xiiij. d. Item Willelmus fitz Wil- liam pro botis et sotularibus x. s. ix. d. Item Johannes fitz William pro botis et sotularibus vii. s. vi. d. Item Willelmus Archeboud x. s. Item Thomas Barby pro j. pari de botis ij. s. ij. d. Item Thomas Bottiller ij. s. ij. d. Hugo Foile ij. s. ij. d. Item Ricardus White per unani literam obligationis xx. s. Item Bermyngham^ quondam maior DubUu of brine, it sliould be designated as the oily ^ Priori. — Richard White. —Arck/a/l. residue of herring or salt fish. — See Du p. 257. Cange in vv. Suffinum, Saffimen, Sainiim. ^ Pynsonz Elyot gives Pi/nsoti, a ' Loki/neton. — Robert Lokyneton was showe or socke. prior of Christ Church in 1383, v1)t/;(/«S; ^ Bermptgkam. — John B., bailiff in and died 9th August, 1397. — Obits of 1384, and mayor in 1388. — Ware's List. Christ Church, p. 36. Ancient Testaments. 109 Dublin XX. s. Item pro firma de Lutterellestou*^ debetur xlvi. li. xiij. s. iiij. d. Item Radulphus Pembrok viij. s. iiij. d. Item Prior Omnium Sanctorum pro botis et sotularibus xxii. s. Item pro i. pari de botis Rogero Brenne ibidem ij. s. Item frater Symcok quondam Prior ibidem debet in argento vi. s. viij. d. Item Nicholaus Sextyne pro xiiij. dosen sotularium quelibet dosen ad iij. s. simima xlij. s. Item Johannes Rocheford pro botis et sotularibus iij. s. iiij. d. Summa de claro iiij. xvii. li. ii. d. Hec sunt debita que predictus Johannes debet primo pro redditu domini Ai'chiepiscopi de terraino Michaelis xxiij. s. Item Rogero Marice ij. s. iiij. d. Item Johanne uxori Willelmi Tanner iiij. s. Item Nicholao servo vi. s. Item David servo meo vii. s. viii. d. Item Marcus (sic) servo meo iij. s. Summa porcionis defuncti xxxij. li. vi. s. ob. In Dei nomine amen ego dictus Johannes condo testamentum meum in hunc modum. In primis lego animam meam Deo et Beate Marie et corpus meum fore sepeliendum in cimiterio Sancti Johannis" extra novam portam ante hostium ecclesie Marie Macdalene. Item lego ecclesie ibidem pro missis celebrandis xx. s. Item lego in cera 1. li. Item lego fratribus Aiigustinis et Carmelitis equali porcione XX. s. Item lego fratribus Predicatoribus et Minoribus equali por- cione xiij. s. iiij. d. Item lego vicariis Sancti Patricii pro missis ce- lebrandis xiij. s iiij. d. Item altari parochiali Sancti Nicholai^ in ecclesia ■= Lutterelleston — Now Woodlands, near after. — W/titelaw and Walsh's Hist, of Lucan, County Dublin. Dublin, pp. 344-6. '' Sancti Johannis The priory of St. ' Sancti Nicholai. — The church of St. John the Baptist was situated in Thomas- Nicholas without the walls, is at present in street. John Decer, Mayor of Dublin, the northern transept of St. Patrick's built the Chapel of St. Mary in this hos- Cathedral. St. Nicholas within is, or rather pital in 1308. The priory and chapel was (for its ruins only now remain), in were burned in 131 6, and rebuilt shortly Bride-street. no Ancient Testaments. ecclesia Sancti Patricii pro decimis oblitis vi. s. viij. d. Item lego operibus ecclesie Sancti Patricii x. s. Item lego operibus ecclesie Sancte Trinitatis xx. s. Item ecclesie Sancti Thome martiris xx. s. Item monasterio mouachorum Beate Marie xx. s. Item in expensis circa sepulturam meam in vino et speciebus et aliis expensis. xx. s. Item lego Magine uxori mee viij. li. Item lego Marione et Alicie filiabus meis equali porcione ad sua maritagia v. li. Item Johanni Dronne X. s. Item lego Willelmo Bertram xx. s. Item lego Thome Spark capellano ad orandum pro anima mea xx. s. Item pro probacione testamenti mei vi. s. viii. d. Item lego residuum omnium bonorum meorum in dispocione executorum meorum hos executores constituo videhcet Thomam Spark capellanum et Maginam White uxorem meam et supervisorem Willelmum Bertram mercatorem. Probatum fuit presens testamentum coram nobis Johanne Swyn- don commissario generali venerabilis in Christo patris ac domini Ptoberti Dei gratia archiepiscopi Dublin in ecclesia cathedral! Sancti Patricii DubUn xx°. die Novembris anno Domini supradicto com- missa est administracio bonorum ad idem testamentum spectancium executoribus infra scriptis in forma juris juratis ut est moris. Et nos Willelmus Chambre archidiaconus Dublin et Thomas Wafre canonicus ecclesie cathedralis Sancti Patricii Dubhn cus- todes speritualitatis archiepiscopatus Dubhn sede vacante presens testamentum per infrascriptos commissarios appropatmn quantum ad nos pertinet confirmamus et approbamus. In cujus rei testimonium sigilla quibus in dicto officio sive custodia utimur presenti testa- mento apposuimus. Datum quoad confirmacionem nostram predictam et approbacionem quinto die Junii anno Domini m°. ccc°. nonogesimo primo. 11. Inventarium bonorum Ricardi Donogh conditum apud Dubhn xii. die Aprilis anno Domini m°. cccc°. quadragesimo. In primis dictus Ri- cardus Ancient Testaments. 1 1 1 tardus habet duos ciphos argenti precii xvi. s. Item ununi cij)hum vocatum a maser argenti ligatiim precii vi. s. viij. d. Item ti'es ollas eneas precii x. s. viij. d. Item tres patenas precii xvii. s. Item diversa utensdia domus precii x. s. Item in filo speciebus et aliis diversis mercimoniis ad valorem xxix. li. xiij. s. iiij. d. ac debita que debentur dicto Ricardo extendunt se ad centum solidos. Hec sunt debita que predictus Ricardus debet. In primis debet Johanni Howlot iiij. s. Item debet fenistre campanilis x. s. Item lumine Sancti Nicliolai xx. s. Summa de claro xxxvi. li. Porcio defuncti xij. li. In Dei nomine amen ego antedictus Ricardus Donogh compos mentis condo testamentum meum in liunc modum. In primis lego animam meam Deo patri omnipotenti corpusque meum ad sepelien- dum in cimiterio ecclesie Sancti Audoeni Dublin. Item lego quin- que libras cere ad faciendos quinque cereos ad ponendos circa corpus meum nocte exequiarum et die sepulture mee. Item lego reparacioni ecclesie Sancti Audoeni v. s. Item lego rectori ecclesie predicte pro decimis oblitis iij. s. uij. d. Item lego fratribus cujuslibet ordinum mendicancimn Dublin xx. d. Item lego in pane et cervisie nocte exequiarum et die sepulture mearum pauperibus distribuendis vi. s. viii. d. Item lego Marione uxori mee mesuagium meum in quo inhabito cum omnibus suis pertinenciis habendum et tenendum eidem Marione ad terminum vite sue. Et si contingat dictam Mai'ionem incedere in paupertatem vel inopiam tunc volo quod vendatiu- pre- dictum mesuagium vel in plegium ponatur. Sin autem volo quod remaneat Johanni Donogh filio meo si bene gubernat se erga matrem suam. Sin autem volo quod AHcia filia mea habeat predictum mesua- gium sibi et heredibus suis cum omnibus suis pertinenciis ut supra dictum est. Et si contingat predictum Johannera et Aliciam decedere absque liberis de suis corporibus volo quod remaneat servicio altaris Sancti 112 Autograph Letter of Tliady CJ Roddy. Sancti Clari ecclesie Sancti Audoeni. Item lego dicte Marione uxori mee porcionem meam omnium utensilium domus mee habendam et tenendam eidem Marione ad terminiun vite sue. Et post decessum ejus volo et lego quod Johannes Donogli liabeat porcionem meam dictorura utensiliimi imperpetuum sibi et heredibus suis ac hujus- modi testamenti mei constituo meos executores dominum Petrum Rathe capellanum et David Rowe civem Dublin ad distribuendam porcionem meam dictorum bonorum et debitorum prout melius vide- bitur exspedii'e ac Jacobum Blakeney armigerum inde supervisorem ordino facio et constituo per presentes. Item lego cuilibet executo- rum meorum vi. s. viii. d. Item lego dicto supervisori mei testamenti vi. s. viij. d. Item lego pro probacione testamenti mei x. s. et cetera. Probatum fuit hoc presens testamentum coram nobis Ricardo permissione divina archiepiscopo Dublin Ilibernieque primate in ecclesia nostra cathedrali Sancti Patricii Dublin xiij°. die mensis Mali anno infra scripto concessaque est administracio bonorum infra scripti defuncti executoribus infra nominatis de fideh compoto inde nobis reddendo cum in ea parte fueri[n]t legitime requisiti in forma juris juratis. Incujusrei testimonium presentibus sigillum nostrum apponi fecimus. Datiun die loco et anno suprascriptis. A. S, Art. VIII. Autograph Letter of Thady 0' Roddy. ^^HE following Letter is copied from the Autograph of Teige or JL Thady O'Roddy, which is preserved, bound up with a vellum MS., in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. (H. 2. 16). It has no superscription or address; but as the volume once belonged to the celebrated antiquary Edward Llwyd, it may be concluded probably that the letter was written by Roddy in answer to some queries pro- posed to him by Llwyd. Teirre A ìihyrap/t Letter of Thtidij (/AWdij. i 1 3 Teige O'Roddy, or Rody (Uaog O'Rotiaije) of Crossfield, in the County of Leitrim, was the lineal representative of the O'Roddys, who were Comharhs, i. e. the hereditary farmers or wardens of the church- lands belonging to the monastery of Fenagh. His genealogy is j)re- served in the book of Fenagh, a MS. of which an exact and beautifully written fac simile copy, in the handwriting of Mr. O'Donovan, is pre- served in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy^ Maurice O'Mul- conry, who transcribed that volume, A. D. 1 5 1 7, for Teige O'Roddy, an ancestor of the subject of the present memoir, has given (fol. 46, b.) the genealogy of his patron, in sixty-seven descents, up to Sitric, who is said to have flourished about the year before Christ 300^. This genealogy is as follows : CaiDj incotnapba Tadhg, the Com- mic 5'iici rriuipi, Son of Gilla-Mur- oap Depbpciicpe harb, whose bro- ry. òpiany UiUiam, thers were Brian 5,11a òepa.j. Gilla -Be - Diuenp 1517. and William, vi- raigh. vens 1517. t)omnaill, Donnell. mac UiUium Son of William. Qeoa, Aedh. rriic machu. Matthew. mailmichil. Malmiehael. Robec, Robet [Ro- ITlailmuipi, Malmurry. bert]. 5,lla .pa. Gilla-lsa. Seaain, John. mailmichil, Malmiehael. tucuip, Luke. Fe'clun, Feichin. eie, Eie. mailipa. Malisa. — eie, Eie. ^illacpipc, Gillchrist. ^lUunanaoni, Gilla - na - Sopmjail, Gormgall. naomh. ^illumUMcain Gilla Man- — e5"'5. Egneach. mic f The MS. of the Book of Fenagh, by O'MuIconry's copy was taken, is in the Maurice O'Mulconr) , written in 15 17, British Museum. and from which Mr. O'Donovan made his 8 See his genealogy up to Argetmar, of transcript, is in private hands; but the the race of Ir, in O'Flaherty: Ogygia, more ancient MS. fr om which Maurice p. 116. A utograph Letter nf Thady (J Roddy. rriic In ChaiU.nech Son of the Calli- rriic òeuppa, Son of Beurra. necli». òeiòB, Beidhbh. apDsa.l. Ardgall. òuijDioc Con- Qla^anoaip.i. maic a quo Con- Coumac, a quo in clepech. the cleric. liiaicne, the Conmaicne. maileoin fino, Malone the Oipbpen maip, fair. Mor. RoDQchae, . Roddy. ©ireanoin, Napaoaic, . . Naradach. Sejòo, Seghdo. F'll-eò, FiUedli. Roijne, Roighne. Oncon, Onchu. Qirpe, Aithre. Pmoloja, Findlogh. aica, Alta. F'^OFT' Ogamain, Cumapcpaicli, Cumascrach. Fiocaipe, Fiochaire. F'""F'r. Finnfer. t)oipbpe, Doirbre. Cumapcpaicli, Cumascrach. eona, Eona. CencliD, CencletUi. Ceaojoine Ca- Ceadgon Ca- eaipc, Earc. lapaig. lasach. -Gapoaip, Eardar. meapaihain, echo. Echd. rrio^a Caor .1. Mogh Taot, Duib, Duff. moja «DoiD, i. e. Mogh Doid. meaopuaiD, Meadruadli. Conmaic, Conmac. Neapca, Neart. Fepsupa. Fo'P"'^aP^"> Ropa, Ros. echc. Echd. RuDpaije, Rory. Uiple, Uisle. S.rpi^e ^. Sitric, etc. At the beginning of this genealogy, the Teige O'Roddy, who was the Author of the following letter, has supplied the links between him- self and the Teige of 1 5 1 7, byadding in the margin the following note : mipe CaÒ5 O'Ro- I oaije, 1688. ini Tadhg O'Rod- dy, 1688. mac ^eapoiD 015, Son of Gerald, nior'. " This name signifies the Devotee of St. Caillin. ' This Gerald died August 2, 1680. O'Reilly mentions a poem on his death rriic by John O'Duinin, beginning Cpuaj an maiòmpi ap liiaicne h-lp. " Sad this de- feat of the sons of Ir." Aiitiu/raph Letter if Tiuuli/ r//.'<„/,/y. 1 1 5 rriic Caioj, Son of Tuidhg. I Tllic raiòj. Son of TacOig. geapoiD, Gerald. | UiUiam, William. This latter Tadhg or Teige, son of William, being the same who begins the foregoing genealogy, and for whom the Book of Fenagh was written. To return to our Author. He was an eminent Irish scholar, and a great patron of Irish literature. He was also the author of some pieces, both in the Irish and Latin languages. Mr. O'Donovan, in a letter to the writer of this notice, says : " From a MS. which was formerly in the possession of Edward O'Reilly, and is still in Dublin, it appears that O'Roddy was a practising lawyer during the reign of King James II., and that he went to England on the business of the Irish Catholics at that period. Tliis MS. contains some of his Latin com- positions, and one Irish poem, addressed to O'Duigenan, also an elegy in English, on the death of a young gentleman, named Mac Namara, by his brother, whom O'Roddy had instmcted ' from a young Virgilian' in the Latin, Greek, French, Spanish, and Irish languages. This MS. also contains a poem by the same youth, lamenting the state of the times ; and another by Mac Ward, describingthe dwelling of O'Roddy, in which there was a collection of old swords, and other ancient curiosities." O'Roddy was a great patron of Irish literature, and well skilled in the ancient dialects of the language. Mr. Hardiman has published in his " Irish Minstrelsy'," an ode to Brian na Murtha O'Rourke, written in 1 566, in the Bearla Feine, or ancient Fenian dialect of Irish, by John Mac Torna O'Mulcoury : to this ode, in the MS. from which Mr. Hardiman printed, there was a gloss in our O'Roddy's hand-writing, explaining the obsolete words, which proves him to have been a master of the ancient dialects. Mr. Hardiman has preserved this gloss, with- out which the poem would now be very obscure to the best Irish scholars. The ' Vol. ii. p. 287. Q2 1 1 6 Autograph Letter of Thacly O Roddy. The Editor is indebted to Mr. O'Donovan for tlie following lines from a poem by O'Roddy himself, in reply to an eulogium addressed to him by John Ballagh O'Duigenan. In it he laments the disap- pearance of the professors of the old Irish laws, and other sciences written in the Bearla Feine, and states that although he was able himself to read them, he did not do so without difficulty : Uoacc mhopain, Cpeijean bpeara, Morann's Testament, Treigean Breatlia, Ceajayj Rij Copmaic apo-plara. The Royal Precepts of the monarch Cormac, ^1 pilim 30 leijim uile. Although I think I read them all, Ni leijim jan meapbuile. I read them not without errors. Another proof of the high character he bore among his country- men, as an enlightened patron of Irish literature, may be derived from the great number of poems addressed to him on various occasions by the native poets of his day. O'Reilly, in his chronological account of Irish writers', mentions a great number of them, and a little research would, in all probability, greatly add to the number. The subjects of these poems are such as the following : Congratulations on O'Roddy's safe return from England in 1641 ; an elegy on his supposed death in 1 69 1 ; a poetical version of his pedigree up to Ir, son ofMilesius, written by Peter, son of Fearfasa, son of Maelseaghlin O'lNIaol- conaire or Mulconry, in 1701 ; a lament, by the same author, on O'Roddy's withholding his usual new year's gift from the poet; pane- gyrical poems, and epigrams on O'Roddy and on his wife Fionguala, or Finola, daughter of Mac Namara. These remarks may suffice to introduce the reader to the follow- ing letter, which has been often quoted by Lelaud and others, and displays J Transactions of the Hiberno-Celtic poems above alluded tn will be found Society, vol. i. As this volume was pub- noticed in pp. cxc, cxcii, cci, ccii, cciv, lished without any sort of index, it may ccv, ccvi, ccvii. be well to inform the reader that the Aiitofjraph Letter of Thady O Roddy. 1 1 7 displays all the enthusiasm and some of the credulity so common at that period with Irish antiquaries. At the end we find, in the hand- writing of the venerable Charles O'Conor.of Belanagare, the following note: Òennop peo hanmoin (i raiòj ui Ro- " A blessing on thy soul O Teige O'Rod- 00156. dy. Qn cpa)" bej pin a];\ nDiai^ Do pcB la " This little tract behind us was written coDj ua Rooe Q. C 1700; 7 piop by Teige O'Roddy, A. D. 1700; and 7 anpiop puuDci ppi na cele «nn ; truth and falsehood mingled together oip bu hu^Dop pocpeibcfc caòj, are in it ; for Teige was a credulous jan comèò eioip&ealaiò in bu cu- author, who did not observe a proper baiò o naoiDenoap 50 poippef distinction between the infancy and Sencupa na hinpi po Epenn. the perfection of the history of this island of Erin. TTlepi Ccichal ua ocabaip anop an ai cliac Ouib- " I am Charles O'Conor, now in linne, Jan. 29, 1770. Dublin. Jan. 29, 1770." To this testimony of an illustrious Irish scholar and historian, may be added the following extract, from a letter addressed by Mr. O'Donovan, in Jidy, 1 845, to the writer of these remarks, in reply to some inquiries respecting the character and history of Teige O'Roddy : " Teige was a remarkable man, and a great linguist, but he was in the aeip leanbaiD, or second chlldliood, when he wrote his letter to Lhwyd. He wrote Latin as well as O'Flaherty, and seems to have been educated abroad. He was certainly a peap olije, or lawyer, and practised in the reign of James H., but whether as an attorney or barrister I have not been able to determine. He went to England in 1688, on legal business, and returned home via Scotland. He seems to have lost all his property at the Revolution. The O'Roddys were Coarbs, not princes, as O'Reilly calls them" ; and this Teige seems to have farmed the monastic lands of Fenagh under the Protestant bishop, as O'Meehin and O'Fcrgus do still at Rossinver. I examined the site of his house at Fenagh in 1 837, but " Trans. Hiberno-Celtic Society, p. ccvii. 1 1 8 Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy. but found not a stone of it remaining ; even the name Crossfield (so called from an old stone cross, whicli was destroyed by the Cromwellians), is forgotten. His reply to Shane Ballagh O'Duigenan, which I have read, is very curious, and written in the true spirit of the Msh language. I have no specimen of his Latin hexameters, but I have read several of them, and they evince considerable knowledge of that language. In 1 702, when he was nearly ninety years old, he wrote the following note, on a difficult, contracted passage, in the Book of Fenagh : " ' Lege hoe modo rem difficUem heme : " ' Peace naoin oia paiBi ag ceileabpaò 00 Chaillin lap noiljan .i.iup maireatiinap a cionnca .1. a peacao .1. post confessionem : Quia Columha pius venit ad S. Kilia- nwn et ei eonfessus est peeeata ma ut patet hie et alibi hoc in libra. — T. R. Maij. 19°. 1702.' " His ancestor Tadhg, son of William O'Rody, who was married to Honora, the daughter of O'Molloy, in 1 5 1 7, is described in the Book of Fenagh as a Latin and Seotic scholar, and a composer of Sedna poetry, a man who kept a house for general hospitality, as recommended and enjoined by St. Caillin, and in whose time it was expected that the prophecies of St. CaiUin, respecting the wealth and dignity of Fenagh, would be fulfilled." O'Reilly, in his short account of our author, states that "the author of the Curiosities of Literature represents him as one scarcely know- ing his own language, and totally ignorant of all others'". If this be a reference to D'Israeh's Ciu-iosities of Literature, there is probably some mistake, for no mention of O'Roddy occurs in that work, so far as the writer of these remarks can discover. At all events, what has been said will be sufficient to vindicate the memory of Teige O'Roddy from the calumny alluded to by O'Reilly, whoever was its author. J. H. T. Trin. Coll. Dublin. Feb. 3, 1846. Transactions Hib. Celt. Soc. p. ccvij. Autograph Letter ofThady O Roddy. " òRiONca mao6 " britannus calvus, " on ainmniojrap òpfcain, mac " a quo Britannia nominatur, peapjuip, letroeapj, filius fuit Fergusij semirubri, ITlic Neirhij, is, filius Nemethi, IDic Qònamam, is, Adhnamanni, rriic paimp, is, Pampei, rriic Caic, is, Tatei, rriic Seapa, is. Sear®, rriic Spu, is, Sruei, rriic eappu, is, Assruei, rriic òpaimemc, is, Bramenti, rriic Qireacca, is, Aiaghtei, IDic rriajoj, is, Magogi, mic lapeir, is, Japheti, mic Naoi, 7pa. is, Noemi, &c. " Haec Genealogia, ex antiquitatibus Hiberniis quels nullai aiquales, quaruin est infantia totum, rcspectu Europte, quod dicitur esse vetustas. Vide Brit. Camdeni de antiquitatibus Hiberniae, &c. Vide Doct. Keatingum". "If any (as I know many vpstarts will) will admire that the Irish chrono- logers should preserve their antiquityes and genealogyes beyond other nations, it proceeds from not duly weighing the reasons, whicli are these : " The sons of Milcsius Hispanus, Heber, Hirus, and Herimon, and their greate vncle's Ithus's son, called Lugad, came into Ireland anno Mundi 3500: before the birth of Xpt 1 699 yeares, computeing from the creation of Adam to the birth of Xpt, 5199 yeares, according to Eusebius, Orosius, the Septuagint, etc., with whom our chronologers of Ireland do concurre, viz.' : From Adam to the Deluge, 2242 yeares. From the Deluge to Abraham, 0942 y'"* From Abraham to David, 0940 From David to the Captivity, 0485 From y*^ Captivity to y'' birth ol' Xpt . . 0590 S'99 "They "> Keating quotes the above passage from Camden in the Preface to his History of Ireland. — Ed. I20 Autograph Letter of Tìiady 0' Roddy. " They vnderstood the Hebrean calculation of 1656, to the Flood, as well as any chronologers on the earth, and the difference of the Hebrean, Grecian, and Latine Authors in their calcidations of time, but have taken the above calcula- tion of 5 199, to Xpt's birth, ab Adamo condito, for their standard, as the Church did, according [to] the above warrantable authors. " From the birth of Christ to this INIay, 1 700, we live still in Ireland, so that since the Milesians coming into Ireland, A°. M. 3500, to this May, 1700: we, the antient Irish, have been in Ireland 3399yeares, had of our own blood, of the race of Heber, Hirus, Herimon,and Ithus, 193 kings, never conquered, or sub- iected to any foreigne power (tho' disturbed by the Danes for many yeares, but never conquered, or banished, by them, or any other nation, before the Eng- lish) coming into Ireland. We were the race of kings, Mllesiiis being King of Spaine then, and his predecessors kings of Spaine, of Scythia, &c. ForFeniusFar- seus fitz Baath, fitz Magog, fitz Japhet, our predecessor, was King of Scythia the time of building the town of Nembroth, and chiefe promoter and superintendent thereof. Vid. Antiq. Hib. Doct. Keting, etc. When our Milesian race came into Ireland they brought their chronologers, their antiquaryes, their musi- cians, etc., along, and all ornaments becoming princes (the preservation of blood being the chief care of all the world, but of those that sprung from the dunghill, or from some meane mechanicke, who neuer love, or desire to be knowne, nor can be knowne by man). When the said princes got the kingdome into their hands, they assigned large territoryes to their antiquaryes, and their posterity, to preserve their pedegree, exploits, actions, etc. ; and so very strict they were in this pointe, that they assigned a triennial convention at Tara (where the chiefe kings of Ireland dwelt) where all the antiquaryes of the nation met every third yeare, to have their chronicles and antiquityes examined before the King of Ireland, the four provincial kings, the king's antiquary royal, etc. ; the least forgery in the antiquary punished with death, and losse of estate in his posterity, for ever, so very exact they were in preserving those honorable mo- numents, and leaving them to posterity truely and candidly ; so that this day (though our nation lost estate, and all almost) there is not an antient name of Ireland, of the blood royal thereof descended, but we can bring from father to father, from the present man in being to Adam, and I Thady Roddy, that writes this, have written all the familyes of the Milesian race, from this present age to Adam, tho' none of the race of the antiquaryes, but a gent, that has more antient Autograph Letter of Thady 0' Roddy. 1 2 1 antient bookes of Ireland, and that learned, and understands them as well at least, as any now in Ireland, or any where, all which paines I take for my countryc's sake, for my owne satisfaction, and to preserve so noble and singular a monu- ment of honor and antiquity, &c. " The very bookes that the Milesian antiquaryes brought into Ireland, tho' transcribed since by other able hands, wee have, and I have the Chronicle of Ireland continued from Parhalan's coming into Ireland, 300 yeares after the Flood, to this present age, of the several invasions, colonyes, warres, kings, ge- nealogys, descents, etc. of the nation" : Milesius Hispanus was the 26tli descent from Japhet inclusively, and the 36th off Adam, so that it was easy to preserve so many descents. Thus : "miliD Gappaine mac 6ile, itiic "Milesius Hispanus (vulgo vocatus 6peo5ain,iTiic6paèa, riiicOeajpara, itiic Gathelus) filius fuit Bilei, is Brigantii, is apcaou, liiic aUoib, line NuaoaD, riiic Bratha;, is Deatlise, is Arcliadae, is Al- Nionuaill, Tiiic peiiiiBpij ^taip, riiic lodij, is Nuada, is Ninualli, is Fembrigii, Qoiiom pmn, riiic emiipjlum y\nn, riiic is Adhnoni Albi, is Heberi Albigenu, is «'.uiriipinn, riiic aònamoin, riitc Caic, Lamhfinni, is Adhnomonis, is Tatei, is tine O^umoin, riiic òeojumuin, riiic GiBip Ogamonis, is Beegomonis, is Heberi Scoti, pcuic, riiic Spu, riiic 6apppu, riiic ^aoiòil is Sruei, is Assruei, is Gadheli, a quo ^laip, a quo clunnu ^aoiòil, riiic Niuil, Hiberni dicuntur clanna guoiòil, so. the riiic peniupti Pappai^, riiic Òucic, riiic race or posterity of Gadliel, is Niuli, is Dlujo^, riiic luper, riiic Naoi, riiic Feniusi Farssei, is Baatha;, is Magogi, is «'-ciiriipiuc, ipu. Japheti, is Noes, &c. So that you see how easy it was to preserve so many descents from Noe, or Adam, to the Milesian invasion, they being the greatest lovers of learning in the world, their predecessor, Niulus fitz Fenius FarsiEus, being borne at the Tower when a building, and a little before the confusion, and the onely man in the world that learned the 72 languages, and taught them, etc., as our chro- nicles sette forth at large. Then when the Milesians came into Ireland, they had along with them their antiquaryes, bards, Druides, men of extraordinary learning, who sett up publique schools, taught publiquely without sallary, having largo es- tates " This is probably the book called writing of one of the Four Masters is pre- Lcabhar Gabhala, or the Book of Con- served in the Library of the Royal Irish quests, of which a copy in the hand- Academy. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3IISCELL. VOL. I. R 12 2 ^4 utograpli Letter of Thady 0' Roddy. tates from the kings, princes, and nobility in every parte of the kingdome to maintaine them, and enable them to discharge that function, whereby Ireland formerly was called Sophias Magistra, Insula Sanctorum, genetrix Sophiajque Magistra, et Hibernia : this estate from the Milesian invasion to the present age, was continued to the said Antiquaryes, Druides, Bards, etc., till our nobiUty lost all their estates to a few ; but at this day, as poore as wee are, wee have a greate value for those descended from the said antiquaryes, etc., who pre- served and recorded our descents, feates, relation, titles, etc., and left it to us in weather-beaten parchments standing for thousands of yeares. Other countryes being totally subdued, enslaved, banished, or killed by other barbarous nations, could not preserve their monumental records, as England, Wales, etc., for the invaders made it their business to destroy the honorable records of the nations they conquered, and to bring them all into ignorance and oblivion, a piece of policy : but our country of Ireland was never subdued till the present age, nor have we lost any of our records a principio ; tho' the Cromwellians out of zeale to God, and for tender feare of tolerating or conniving at any superstition, for- sooth, destroyed allmost all our rare crosses standing in rodes, churches, church- yardes, etc., all our inscriptions, on tombes, stones, etc., to a few that escaped the poore zelots, etc. " For the Queryes. I have seen and had several pieces of silver coine for our Irish kings and princes, with their names, but have none now in hand, and am in hopes to get some of the coine very soone. For our last Irish monarch, Rodericke O'Connor (in whose reigne Hen. y^ s* came into Ireland), had silver and gold coined for him at Cloonmac-cnos, and so had his father, Tordelvachus O'Connor, King of Ireland, and several of our kings, as oirr records attest. " For old Irish manuscripts, I, Thady Roddy, of Crossefield, in the province of Conaught, and county of Leytrim, Esquire, have as many Irish books of Philosophy, Physicke, Poetry, Genealogys, Mathematicke, Invasions, Law, Romances, etc., and as ancient as any in Ireland, and so has several others in all partes of the kingdome. iVIy honored friend, Mr. Roger Flaherty, lost a curious volume of the Mathematics the last warre, in Gallway, which I lent him, the losse whereof he wonderfully condoles in a letter to me ; that greate man's sense of the losse of so rare a piece piercing his noble vitals, for being the instrument thereof, and blaming me in his letter for lending him the booke (tho' nothing in the world was more wellcome to him than the same, nor more ardently courted), Autograph Letter of Tluidy O Roddy. 1 23 coui-ted), etc. Some of the said bookes written a° Xpl 15th, in the reigne of Feragh Fion Feaghtnagh, who reigned then ; some in the reign of Carbrv Liffeaglier, who began his reign a° Xpi 268 ; some in the reigne of Cormac mac Art, who began his reign a° Xpi 227" ; and the booke continued from generacion to generacion from three hundred yeares after the Flood, to the present age I have, etc. I have several volumes that none in the world now can peruse, though within 20 yeares there lived three or four that could read and understand them all, but left none behinde absolutely perfect in all them books, by reason that they lost the estates they had to uphold their pubUque teaching, and that the nobility of the Irish line, who would encourage and sup- port their posterity, lost all their estates too, so that the antiquaryes posterity were forced to follow husbandry, etc., to get their bread, for want of patrons to support them. Honos alit artes. Also the Irish being the most difficult and co- pious language in the world, having five dialects, viz., the common Irish, the poetic, the law or lawyers' dialect, the abstractive, and separative dialects, each of them five dialects being as copious as any other language, so that a man may be perfect in one, two, three, or foure of them dialects, and not understand almost a word in the other, contrary to all other languages, so that there are now se- verall in Ireland, perfect in two or three of those dialects, but none in all, being uselesse in those times, etc. I have Irish bookes of all those five dialects ; I have the bookes of our Law, being 30 in number (though my honored friend. Sir Richard Cox, was once of opinion that our law was arbitrary, and not fixed nor written, till I satisfied him to the contary in summer, 1699, by shewing him some of the said lawe bookes). We find some of our law ordained by Olim- ladius (OUam poòla), King of Ireland, who began his reigne a° Mundi 3883, before Christ, 13 16, according to our 5199 from Adam to Christ, ut supra : and so continued and augmented as causes required, in the reignes of the suc- ceeding kinges, to the English invasion a° Xpi, 1169. "For Welsh Manuscripts I saw none, but had eighteen letters in my cus- tody before the last warre of 1688, being letters from the kings of Ireland to the princes of Wales, and from the said princes to our kings and nobility at several ° If wc are to give credit to this asser- third centuries, but that bo believed the tion, wo must take it to mean, not that works of which he had copies to have been the MSS. of which our author speaks were then coniposotl, i. e. that their authors the very originals, written in the first and flourished in the first and third centuries. K2 1 24 Autograph Letter of Tliadij O Roddy. several times, and upon several occasions, etc. I hope to get them into my hands againe. " For writing on boards, we have none extant now", was common in former times, and with the Romans too. Dare jura tabellis. " For the Druides, we have enough of their bookes and discipline, being nothing else but a sect of those we call the Irish Antiquaryes, who in the Pagan's time professed the art of Divinacion, etc. Men very learned they were. " For the Carnes, or heaps of stones, in several parts of Ireland, some of them were heaped as monuments in memory of battles fought in such a place, some made in memory of some eminent persons buried in such a place, some of them layed over some corps, as the Romans did. Aggere cinctus. " For the forts called the Danes forts, its a mere vulgar error. For these forts (called Raths) were entrenchments made by the Irish about their houses. For we never had any stone worked in Ireland till after St. Patricke's coming, a° Christi 432, the 5th yeare of the reign of Laogary Mac Neill. And then we began to build churches, &c., of stone. So that all our kings, gentry, &c., had such raths or forts about their houses, witnes Tara forts, where the kings of Ireland lived, Rathcroghan in Connaught, etc. " For the stones supported by pillars ; they were the heathen priests' altars, though vuly-arly called Dermot and Grany's bedi, &c. " Observe " None extant now An interesting spe- which he must have often perused, that cimen of an ancient Irish waxed tablet, Aodh Finn, son of Feargna, on his conver- tbund in a bog in the north of Ireland, sion to Christianity, gave up toSt.Caillin was recently presented to the Museum of his Cathair or stone fort at Loch Saloch, the Royal Irish Academy, by the Rev. J. in Magh Rein (the erection of which was Spencer Knox. attributed to Conaing the Fearless, King ' Any stone worke. — Wliat our author of Ireland, 40oyears before Christ); within means is that we had no buildings of stone which fort the church of Fenagh was after- cemented with lime and sand mortar, be- wards erected. See Petrie's Round Towers, fore the introduction of Christianity ; for pp. 444, 445. the Cahers or Cyclopean stone forts, built "* Bed. — This is a notion taken from without cement, are as old as any of the Keating's History of Ireland. This class earthen raths. It would be extraordinary of monuments is not always called Dermot if our author had thought that we had and Grany's beds. They are more ge- no buildings of stone before St. Patrick's nerally called Giant's Beds and Giant's time, for it is stated in the Book of Fenagh, Graves in the southern counties of Ireland. Autograph Letter of Oliver Cromicell. 1 25 " Observe that Nemethus Britan's grandfather came into Ireland A° M. 2850. Britan, his grandson, went for Wales out of Ireland, A" M. 3066. That all the Irish of the true blood and he are descended of two brothers in his prede- cessor, viz., Britan descended from Aiaghty fitz Magog, and the Milesians from Boath fitz Magog, etc. " Thadeus Roddy." Art. IX. Autograph Letter of Oliver Cromwell to his Son Harry Cromicell, Commander in Chief in Ireland. Harrye, 1HAVE receaved y'' letters and have alsoe seene some from you to others, and am sufficiently satisfied of your burthen, and that if the Lord bee not w'" you, to inable you to beare it, you are in a very sad condition. I am glad to heare, what I liave lieard, of your carriage, studye still to bee innocent ; and to answere everye occasion rowle your selfe upon God, w'" to doe, needes much grace. Crye to the Lord to give you a plaine, single heart. Take heede of beinge over jealous, least your apprehensions of others, cause you to offend, knowe that uprightnesse will preserve you, in this bee confident against men. I thinke the Anabaptists are too blame in not beinge pleased w'" you, that's their fiudt, it will not reach you whilest you w'" single- nesse of heart, make the glory of the Lord, your ayme. Take heede of professinge religion w'^out the power, that will teach you to love all whoe are after the simihtude of Christ. Take care of makinge it a businesse to bee too hard for the men whoe contest w"" you, beinge over concerned may trayne you into a snare. I have to doe with these po[ ] men and am not w"'out my exercise, I knowe they are weake because they are soe peremptorie in judginge others, I quarrell not w'" them but in their seekinge to supplant 1 26 Autograph Letter of Oliver Cromwell. supplant otliers, w""" is done by some in, first, by brandinge them w'" Anticliristianisme, and then takinge away their maintenance. Bee not troubled about the late businesse, wee understande the men. Doe not feare the sendinge of any over to you, but such as wilbe consideringe men, lovinge all godly interests, and men wilbe freindes to iustise. Lastlye take heede of studyinge to lay for yom' selfe y'' foundation of a great estate. It wilbe a snare to you, they will watch you, bad men wilbe confirmed in conveteousnesse, the thinge is an evil w"" God abhorrs, I pray you thinke of mee in this. If the Lord did not sustaine mee, I were undon, but I hve, and I shall live, to the good pleasiure of His Grace, I find mercy att neede. The God of all Grace keepe you. I rest y lovinge Father, Ap" the 21th, Oliver P. 1656. My love to my deere Daughter [Superscription], (whome I frequently pray for), For my Sonn, and to all freindes. Harry Cromwell. [Sealed with the Cromwell Arms of six qiiarterings, and Indorsed], Ld. Protector. (Me) 21 Aprill, 1656.'' Sir William Betham has kindly permitted the preceding Letter to be printed from the Autograph which is in his possession. It was written by the Protector to his son Harry, while he was Commander- in-chief in Ireland, who, to use the expression of his father, proved " a governour from whom he himself might learn;" and so little did he study to lay " the foundation of a great estate," that when Harry Cromwell, r This date is an indorsement in H. Cronnvell's band. The Irish Charters in the Book of K ells. 127 Cromwell, as Lcland states, was recalled from Ireland after his father's death, he " retired to a house in the Phoenix Park, having admi- nistered the government with such disregard to his private interest, that he could not immediately command so much money as might defray the expenses of a voyage to England." — Hist, of Ireland, vol. iii. pp. 401 -3. ^ ^ X. — The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. THE following Irish deeds are printed from the splendid MS. of tlie Gospels called the Book of Kells, preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dubhn, which, there is every reason to believe, was executed in the time of St. Columbkille. It would be out of place here to attempt a description of this MS., or to put toge- ther the evidences of its antiquity. It must suffice to observe, that the existence of the following charters, which have been copied into it, is sufficient to connect it with the monastery of Kells; and that it was in existence there in the year 1 006, and then regarded as one of the most splendid relics of the western world, will appear from the following entry in the Annals of Ulster, under that year : Qnno Domini m°. ui" (aliap 1007) " .4 wwo ZJowziw? 1006 (alias 1007). The Soifcela mop coluim cille do oubjaic great Gospel of Columb-kille was sacrile- ip ino aiDCi ap ino lapDom lapcapach in giously stolen at night out of the western oaimliacc moip cenannpa. Pptm mmo porticus of the great church of Kells. This lapcaip Domain ap ai in comoai^ ooen- was the chief relic of the west of the w^orld oai. In popcela pin Do pojbail oia onaccount of the singular cover. ThisGos- picer aiDce ap Dib mipaib lap njaic oe pel was found in twenty nights and two a oip, 7 poc caipip. months, with its gold stolen off, and a sod over it". I. Carta " This passage is also given in the An- will be found in his Trias Thaum. See nals of the Four Masters, at the year Pctrie's Essay on the Round Towers of 1006, and a translation of it by Colgan Ireland, p. 436. 28 Tìte Irish Charters in the Book of Kelts. CARTA DE BALLI UIDRIN CUJI MOLENDINO ET DE BALLE COMGAIN CUM MOLENDINO. muince]! cfnnanfa fji]iaiD Deopait) po fopaip apt» camma .1. haile ui uiDpin co na muiliuno -\ co na liepunt) uili, 1 baile ui com- gam coma hfpuno uili ~\ cona muiliuriD, t>o Dia 1 Do colum cilli "] oono eppcop ui cellaig do pfnoip pep miDi uili, 1 Do maelmaipe 111 pobapcaig, Do cir.D in Dipipc .1. I11 ceipr id. nouimip, la peili niaprain .1. in bliaoain ac bdracap ben lifpfnn -\ a mucca. Irceac inpo na maife po fopparap .1. TTluipeDac ua clucain abb cfnnnnpa conanign ua bpfplfn in pacapc guafpe ua clucain in pfplfginD afo mac nriic pfccacan m popaipcfnnfc piaD lafcaib macib imDaib .1. 1 piaonaipe njfpnàn uf ]iuaipc pig pfp bpeibne uile -] jappaiD ui pe- gelluig (.1. pi niacaipe gailfng) -| aDe ui fgpa -] piaD maccaib ui puaipc .1. DonncaD -] picrpiucc po fopaprea Dan na Da baile.pfn .1. luigne connacr. Oipiupr cfnnannpa, Do Dfopanaib cpaibDfcaib Do jpep. Cipe rpa lafc no clfpfc n in agiD in cincipfa biD fpconre lie o colum cille -| pinan, 1 oclfipcib bfpfnn, onò fclaip cpipraiDe co coircenn. II. l?o '' The Latin is written in a hand, pro- and Baile ui Chomhgain. bably of the sixteenth century. "^ Baile Ui Uid/irin, i. e. O'Heerin's 'For the support of pilgrims. — fppaio town. According to the analogy by which Deopaio, wandering exiles or pilgrims. Irish names became anglicised, this would The transcriber has here obviously left be named BaUyheerin, or Ballyeerin. out the particle do, which, according to ^ Baile Ui Chomhgain, would be angli- the strict rules of grammar, shotild be pre- cised, Ballycowan, or Ballycowgan. The fixed to fppnib. name is now obsolete. * Ardcamma. — This seems to be a gene- ^ Disert. — This word, which is trans- ral name for a division of land comprising lated desertus locus in Cormac's Glossary, the sub-denominations of BaUeuiUidhrin and desertum by Colgan (Acta Sancto- Tlie Irish Charters in the Book of K ells. 129 CHARTER OF BALLYHEEUIN WITH ITS MILL, AND BALLYCOWAN WITH ITS MILL*^. THE family of Kells have granted for the support of pilgrims" Ardcamma", i. e. Baile Ui Uidhrin^ with its mill, and with all its land, and Baile Ui Chomhgain', with all its land, and with its mill, to God, and to Columbkille, and to the Bishop O'Cellaigh, the senior of all the men of Meath, and to Maelmaire O'Robhartaigh, head of the Disert^, on the third of the Ides of November, the feast of Martin, in the year when the kine and swine of Ireland perished by a pesti- lence. Here are the chiefs who made this grant, namely, Muredhach O'Clucain, abbot of Kells ; Conaing O'Breslen, the priest ; Guaire O'Clucain, the lector ; Aedh, the son of Mac Rechtogan, the vice- erenagh. In the presence of many distinguished laymen, (i. e.) in the presence of Tiernan O'Roiu'ke, King of the men of all Breifny"; Godfrey O'Reilly, King of Machaire Gaileng, and Ade O'Hara ; and in the presence of the sons of O'Rourke, Donnchadh, and Sitric, these two townlands, inLidghne, ofConnaught, were granted. The Disert of Kells' [is granted] to pious pilgrims for ever. What- ever layman or clergyman shall oppose this grant, he shall be ac- cursed of Columbkille, and Finan, and the clergy of Ireland, and of the Christian Church in general. II. The r«m, p. 579), is sometimes used in ancient *^ All Breifny comprised the present Irish manuscripts to denote a hermitage, counties of Leitrim and Cavan. or an asylum for pilgrims or penitents. It 'Disert of Kells. — This paragraph ap- occurs in this latter sense in the Leabhar pears to describe the contents of No. II., BrecK, foL 100, a. a., and in the Book but it is in the same hand-writing as No. of Leinster, in the MS. Library of Tri- I., and seemingly in continuation of it, nity College, Dublin, H. 2, 1 8, fol. 1 1 3, although written on the lower margin of b. a. the opposite page in the MS. IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. S 130 The Irish Charters in the Book of Kelts. Ro et)pai]i ]n' rfTti]iach b. 2. maelyfchnaill mac concViobaip hui mailj-fclinaill, ocup commapbba coluim cille .h. 2. oomnall mac pobapcaij con hiilib ppuichib cfnanpa apclifna fcf]i pacapr ocup fppcop ociip pfp Ifjfinn. po fopaip Duo ciD in popaipchCnnfch I1. 2. copmacc mac pfchrocan com macclfipcViib pamcha coluim cliiUe apclifna, po fopaippfc DiDu na hull pin Dipiupc clioluim chille In cfnunnup cona lubjopcdn Do Dia ocup Do DeopaDaib cpaiDbfchaib 00 gpfp cfn peilb lioilip Do nach fppaiD ann rpea biucbu co po chinne a bfchaiD Do Dia ocup copop cpaiobfcb. Ip lar imoppa plain ocup Dilpi Do para ina Dilpi in Dipipr pin, h. 2. ppuirhi cfnanpa paofm cona nabbaiD, r?i miDe I1. 2. mael- pfclinaill mac conchobaip hui maelpfchnaill co pijpaiD ocup Dfch- Doinib miDe ap clifna, OonncliaD mac aipDD huf puaipgj pi con- nacc ocup jalfng, in japbanach liua coppan co nocchisfpnaib Salfiij ap chfna, In piaonaipi pig capil na pig .I1. 2. DonnchaDa meicc '' Hasp-anted, oroffered, poeopaip. This O'Maelsechnaill was taken by the descen- verb is obsolete in the modern Irish Ian- dants of Maelseohnaill or Maelsechlainn, guage, unless loobaip maybe considered a monarch of Ireland (who died in the year form of it. TheLatin verb ojfero, i. e. obfero, 1022), who were the heads of the southern and its derivatives, bear some analogy Hy-Niall race ; it is usually anglicised with it, the Latin fer and the Irish beip O'Melaughlyn, or O'Melaghlin, in Anglo- being obviously cognates, and the ob and Irish documents previous to the reign of eo being prefixes. Queen Anne, since which period it has ' MaelsechnaiU, i. e. the servant or de- been changed to Mac Loughlin, by an un- votee of St. SechnaU or Secundinus, the accountable whim of custom, patron saint of Domhuach Sechnaill, now "" Conchobhar, usually anglicised Conog- Dunshaughlin, in Meath. See Ussher's her, Cnogher, or Crohoor, in old Anglo- Primordia, p. 826, and Lanigan's Eccle- Irish documents, and now Conor. It is also siastical History of Ireland, vol. i. p. 271. often latinized Cornelius. The name is usually anglicised Melaghlin, " Mac Robhartaigh. — This name is an- and latterly Malachy. The surname of glicised Magroarty, in the county of Do- The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. 1 3 1 II. The king of Tara has granted^ that is, Maelsechnaill', son of Con- chobhar" O'Maelsechnaill, and the comharba [successor'] of Columb- kille, that is, Domhnall Mac Robhartaigh", with all the ecclesiastics of Kells, in like manner, both priest, and bishop, and professor; also the vice-erenagh has granted, that is, Cormac Mac Rechtogain", with young clerics of the congregation of Columbkille in like manner; these have all granted for ever Disert-Columbkille in Kells, Avith its vegetable garden, to God and pious pilgrims ; no pilgrim having any lawful possession in it at any time until he devote his life to God, and is devout. These are the guarantees and securities given for securing [the grant'] of this Disert, viz. the clergy of Kells themselves, with their abbot; the King ofMeath, that is, Maelsechnaill, the son of Conchobhar O'Maelsechnaill, with the kings and chieftains of Meath in like man- ner; Donnchadh", the son of Art'' O'Rourke, King of Connaught and Galeng" ,the Garbhanach' O'Corran,' with the young lords of Galeng in like manner ; in the presence of the King of Cashel of the Kings, that negal, where there are still many persons Anglo-Irish documents of the sixteenth of the name, and evidently of this race, century. It is latinized Dionysius and The head of the family dwelt at Bally- Donatus. magroarty, near the town of Donegal. '' Art, now anglicised Arthur. He was the keeper of the celebrated relic "■ Galeng, a territory of considerable called the Catkach, of St. Columbkille. extent in Meath. The name is still pre- See the great Ulster Inquisition of 1609, served in the barony of Mor-Gallion, i. e. and ArchdaU's Monasticon, at Baile mic Galeng mor. Eabhartaigh, p. 95. * Garbhanach — This name, which would • Mac BeciUogain, now anglicised Ragh- be pronounced Garvanagli, and means tigan, and in some places Eattigan. The rough-faced, is now obsolete as the proper name is still extant in Meath. name of a man. *■ Donnchadh, now anglicised Denis ; ■ G'Gurran, now anglicised Corran, but it is usually made Donough in without the prefix 0. S2 132 The Irish Charters in the Book of K tils. meicc capcliaicb hui chellacliain chapil ]ioponaipceo Dilp in Oifipc pn. òfnnacbc ipu cpipc ocup choluim chille cop na huilib noebaib nime ocup caiman pop cfc nofn moppap caoup ocup chcicliaio na fopapcu pin. TTialloclic imoppa ocup mfpan o Dm cona noebaib pop pin ci cbicpa in ajit» cdcaD ocup coDuppa na fopapca pin. òenDacbc imoppa ofi bichbi co na hulib pipfnaib pop an pf ocup pop an nabbaio ocup pop an paninnao po Dilpijpfc in Dipiupr pa 00 oia ocup Dia clipaiobfcbaib. Opait) 00 mac mapap rpoj po pcpib poipe ocup Dilpi in mpiupca ya t)0 nia ocup Dia cbpaif)- bfchaib. III. Pepano 00 puagell paccapc cfnanopa cona bpafchpib .1. oa bpeplen cona bpaicpib .i. ippe inpo in pfpano .1. acao muine cliop- cain coppin nacoD mop ap a belaib ocup cona Ifnu ocup cona monai .1. coppice in larhaij pipp anfp ocup coppin choelaclioD pip anaip ocup cop pio airliliup pip anaip co na lanncaib ocup ppich lannraib ocup co na aichce .1. coppin lacbaig Domnaig moip. Ocup ip pe po in I65, .1. pruiii. nunjai co puiUeoaib ailib .1. co picec unjai lap Dochucc. Ocup 6 ua piamdn orpgleti, .1. a pfpano tn'lfp pfin. Ocup icfac po pfp inna commaipje -] nia Dilpe do parai ann. Ofnsup mac mic pancain Idncoi'pech pfl ruacbail -| coile poUomain, ocup gilla oDop mac mic puanaclidin ocup cuDub mac mic " Achad Muine Choscain, i. e. the field obsolete, of Coscan's hill or shrubbery. This name, '' Lathach, i. e. the slough or quagmire. which would be anglicised Aghamoney- ' Coel-Achadk, i. e. narrow field, now cosquin, is now obsolete. It was, evi- obsolete, dently, near Donaghmore in Meath. " Sidh Aithlius, i. e. the fairy mount of ^ Ackadk mor, i.e. the great field, would Aithlis, or ford of the fort; would be an- be anglicised Aghamore, but the name is glicised Shee-Ahlis, but is now obsolete. The Irish Cìiarter>i in tìie Book of Kelts. 133 that is Donnchadh, the son of Carthach, descendant of Ceallachan of Cashel, this grant of this Disert was confirmed. The blessing of Jesus Christ and of Columbkille, with all the saints of heaven and earth, upon every one who shall increase the respect and veneration for this grant. But a ciirse and a misfortune from God and his saints upon the person who shall oppose the respect and veneration for this grant. The blessing of the living God and ofall the just upon the king, the abbot, and the congregation who confirmed this Disert to God and his pious [jnlgrims]. A prayer for Mac Maras Trogh, who wrote the freedom and the confirmation of this Disert to God and his pious [pilgrims]. III. Land which the priest of Kells and his kinsmen purchased, i. e. O'Breslen and his kinsmen. This is the land, viz. Achadh Muine Choscain", with Achad mor" lying opposite to it, and with their mea- dows and bogs, i. e. as far as the lathach" to the south, and as far as Coel- Achadh'' to the east, and as far as Sidh Aithlius* to the east, with their houses and out-houses, and with its lawns, i. e. as far as the lathach of Domnach mor"". And this is the price, eighteen ovmces [of gold], with other additional considerations, i. e. to the value of twenty ounces. And from O'lliaman" it was purchased, it being his own lawful land. The following are the guarantees and sureties given in it, Oengus", the son of Mac Rancan', full chief of Sil-Tuathail and Coin- '' Domnach iiwr, i. e. Dominica magna., bably in this parish, now Donaghmore, a parish and townland, ■= U'Riaman. — This name is obsolete. with the ruins of an old church and round '' Oengiis Also written Aengus, and, tower, situated to the north-east of the in modern orthography, Aonghus. It is town of Navan, in the county of Meath. anglicised Angus and yEneas. All the lands above mentioned were pro- ' Mac Rancan, now Rankin. 34 Tìie Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. TTHC comjain .1. o clafno puaojiac pfn, ociip cuDuilij 6a y^neain co na bpairjiib 6 clain inupchaDa ]pfn, ocup oa jopmàn 6 clainD conaill, ocup cpi Tnicmficcfiinaij, ocup oa mac nieic feppaig, ocup mac ui Dubrhaig do claino chonjalaij inna noflp popaib pen 1 pop liuib piaman coppnaib uilib commaipjib pe peoc ocupioiait) popaib pfn .1. pop claint) chonsalaig ocup fpclifnnech jpelleje -| pecnap -| a bachall peooaiDe -| epchCnnech olle pcipe -] bachall pcfpe, 1 conall mac Ouib ocup lapndn .1. o popoup ule pen, ocup combapba coluim cille, .1. pfpDomnach oa clucain co pamuD coluim cille ule, ocup ofngup oa Domnallan m ranmcapa f Sil-Tuathail and Coill Follamhain. — The position of Coill Follamhain, which was the name of a woody district, may be determined from a note in the Feilire, or Festilogiumof Aengus at 14th September, which places in it the church of Roseach, now Eussagh, near Rathowen, in the ba- rony of ISIaygoish, and county of West- meath. 8 Gilla- Od/iar, i. e. the pale youth, would be pronounced Gilly-ower, but it is now obsolete as the proper name of a man. •■ Mac Ruadachan. — Anglicised Mac Eoughan, and latterly shortened to Rough- an, Rowan, and Rouen. ' Cu-duhh, i. e. canis niger, is now obso- lete as the proper name of a man. " MacComhyain — Anglicised Mac Cow- gan. ' Clann-Ruadrach. — The situation of this clan has not been determined. " Cu-duilig, i. e. canis avidus, is now obsolete. " O'Sneain. — This surname, which often occurs in the Irish annals, seems obsolete. The Editor has not met the name, or any possible form of it, in any part of Ii-eland. °Clann-Murchadha. — AnglicisedClann- Murrough. The situation of this tribe is unknown to the Editor. f Clann-Conaill. — Situation unknown. " Mac Cearnach. — Anglicised Mac Kearney or Mac Carney. This name is now usually written Kearney, without any prefix. ^ Mac Searraigh — Anglicised Mac Sher- ry, and latterly Sherry. * 0'' Dubhthaigh. — Now anglicised Duffy in Leinster, Dowey in Ulster, and Duhig in Munster. The O is never prefixed to this name in modern times. ' Clann-Congalaigh. — Anglice Clann- Connolly. This tribe was seated near Tara, in Meath. " Grellech Now called in Irish Greille, and anglicised Girley by metathesis. It is the name of a parish lying a short distance Tlie Irish Charteis in the Book of Kells. 35 Coill-FoUamhain'^, and Gilla-Odhar*^, the son of Mac Ruadachan", and Cu-dubh', the son of Mac Comhgain" ; these were of the Clann-Ruadrach' ; and Cu-duiUg" O'Sneain" with his kinsmen, these were of the Clann- JSIurchadha" ; andO'Gorman of the Clann-Conaill'' ; and the three sons of MacCearnach'', and the two sons of MacSearraigh', and the son of O'Dubhthaigh ^ of the Clann-Congalaigh', as guarantees for themselves and for the O'Riamains, with all the guarantees already and hereafter mentioned for themselves,!, e. for the Clann-Congalaigh . . . and the Ere- nagh of Grellech", and the Sech-nabb' and the Crozier of Reodaidhe", and the Erenagh of Cill Scire", and the Crozier of Scire, and Conall Mac Duibh, and larnan, i. e. all these are of Sord^ and the Comharba to the south of Kells. ' Seck-nabb, i. e. the vice-abbot. " Reodaidhe. — This saint is still vividly remembered in the parish of Girley, near Kells, of which he is still regarded as the patron, but his name is now shortened to Raed. In the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerys he is set down as St. Rodaighe of Greallach-buna, at 1 6th of December, thus: " Dec. i6. Naorh T2oDai5e 6 j^peallac buna, mac pailBe, mic Ronain, bo fliocc NeiU Noi^iallai^." "Dec. 1 6. St. Rodaighe of Greallach- buna, the son ofFailbhe, son of Ronan, of the race of Niall of the Nine Hostages." The Editor could learn nothing of the crozier of this saint in the parish of Gir- ley. " Cill Scire. — Now Kilskeer, a parish lying to the north-west of Kells, where the virgin Scire is still remembered as the patron saint, and where a holy well retains her name. Her name appears in the Irish Calendar under " Nono Calend: Aprilis, Scire, virgin of Kilskeer in Meath." Colgan agrees with the Calendar, where he writes : " Hujus virginis festum celebratur in Ec- clesia ab ipsa denominata in occidentali regione Medise 24MartiijuxtaS. Aengus- sium, Mart. Tamlachtense, et Calend. Cas- selense in quo et ejus genealogia sic refer- tur: S. Schirra de Kill Schire in Media, filia Eugenii, filiiCanannani, fil. Alildi, iil. Fergusii, fil. Eochadii Moimedonii, et eo- dem etiam modo Sanctilog. gen. & Aenguss. Auct. ejus tradunt genealogiam." — Acta SS., p. 337, n. 31. y Sard. — This word is very obscure in the original. Sard or Sordus, as it is now locally called in Irish, is the Irish name of Swords, a village in the county of Dublin, where there was a celebrated abbey dedi- cated to St. Columbkille. 136 Irisìi Charters in the Book of K ells. .1. commajiba in Diipj^ejic coluim cille, ocuy^ itid fppcop 6a DÙnàn .1. pfnoiji leiche cuino, ociip pi cemjiach .1. DoiTiiiall mac plaino hui nnaelpechnaill, ociip copp in cfcliop comochec app in cfchap- aipD .1. jilla beccan mac cillai pechnaill, oa ofoan aipclifnnech 5pfnca, ocup oppin mac ecc^ail aipcfpe cfnnanpa, ocup mac ouiboaman aipchfnnec para beccan, ocup 6a piachpac aipclifnnecli nomnaij moip. Ocup ip amlaiD pojabra inna commaipge pe uile lap DuiDecr 1 cimcell inD fpaino Do lap ino fpainnD. Ocup bfnnacr De popp naib commaipgib pe uile napa cpecer a commaipje, ocup ni paib enech na comaipce 6 Dia occu Dia cpecec. 1 ippamlam aca in pepannpa ace ni poolecc nac cfpp De pia luaig 1 nf olejap mp na luai^. IV. Do paipe cille Delja inpo. peccap ranic Conchobop ua maelpechlaino do piclipaDa ui aeDa .1. pia jilla coloim .... coalcan cenanDpa co capac comapba colaim cille (.i.maelmoipe uauchcan) co na pamuD 1 co na minnaib noclir ' G'Clucahi — This family name is now the northern half of Ireland, obsolete in Meath. "^ GiUa-Becan, i. e. the servant of St. " Oengus 0' Domhnallain. — Would be Becan. anglicised Angus or iEneas O'Donnellan. "^ Oedhan, woud be anglicised O'Heaun, '' Anmchara. — Literally, friend of the but the name is now obsolete, soul. This word is used by the Irish an- ^ Greanach. — Now Granagh, in the ba- nalists in the sense of spiritual director, rony of Ratoath, county of Meath. It is translated confessarius by Colgan in 8 Blac Eachtghail, would be anglicised Trias TJiaum., p. 294, A. D. 749 ; and Mac Aughteel, but the name is obsolete. Ard-anmchara is rendered in the same " Mac Duibhdaman. — Obsolete, work, p. 298, col. 2, by " Archisi/iiedrus, ' Rath-Beccan, i. e. the fort of St. Bee- sew proicipuus confessarius." can, now Eathbeggan, a parish in the ba- " Leatk- Chuinn, i. e. Conn's half, i. e. rony of Ratoath in the county of Meath. The Irish Charters in the Book of K ells. 137 Comharba of Columbkille, Ferdoranach O'Clucaiii'', with all the congregation of Columbkille, and Oengiis 0'Domhnallain^ the Anni- chara^ i. e. Comharba of Disert-Columbkille ; and the Bishop O'Du- nan, senior of Leath-Chiiinn"; and the Kingof Tara, i. e. Domhnall, the son of Flann O'Maelsechnaill, and with the foiir strangers from the foiir cardinal points, i. e. Gilla-Becan", Mac Gilla-Sechnaill, O'Oedhan', Erenagh ofGreanach^ andOisin Mac EachtghaiF Ostiarius of Kells; and Mac Duibhdaman", Erenagh of Rath-Beccan', and O'Fiachrach", Erenagh of Domhnach mor', and these sureties were taken as they were passing around the land, and through the middle of the land, and the blessing of God upon all these sureties, so as they do not violate their guarantee ; and they shall not have defence or protection from God if they violate it. No rent is duo of this land before its being purchased, or after its being purchased. OF THE FREEDOM OF CILL DELGA™. One time that Conchobhar O'Maelsechlainn came to a peaceful conference with the grandson of Aedh (i. e. Gilla Columb alum- nus of Kells), so that the Comharba of Columbkille (i.e. Maelmuire O'Uchtain) with his congregation and reliques came to give them protection This church is not mentioned in the ' Domhnach mor — Now Donoghmore, Feilire Aeiiquis, or in the Irish Calendar near Navan, in Meath. of the O'Clerys. There was a St. Beccan ■" Citl delga, now Kildalkey, a parisli of Imleach Fia in the district of Fera Cul situated to the west of the town of Trim, in Bregia, whose name appears in these in the barony of Lune or Luighne, and Calendars at 5 th April. The name Rath- county of Meath, where the festival of the beccan is now Rathbeggan. celebrated virgin St. Damhiiat or Dym- '' O^Fiachrach. — Now obsolete, or per- phna is still celebrated on the i5tli of haps altered to Feary. May. IRISH. ARCH. «OC. MISCELL. VOL. I. T 138 The Irish Charters in the Book of K ells. nochc chomiTiaijiche ppiu, 1 conappagaib pop a muin 00 alcoip coluim cille -\ conappuc leip co lep luijoecli -] co pop Dall ip in glino pi Dun meic ceniidn a noep. Conio 1 cinaio in rpcipaigclie pein 00 pac concobop iia maelpeclamD cill Oelja co na cpi'cli "] CO na pepunD t)o Dm "] Do colum cille co bpar cen cip cen cobac cen pecc cen UmjeD cen clioinnim pfg na coipij puippi map ba paeimi, ap ni lainneD caipech a raDall ecip cein po bai 1 epic. Ocup a rear po mna comniaipce -\ inna plana do pqca anD.i.amal- jaiD comapba pacpaic co nibacViaill I'pu "| comapba pinnen -\ com- apba ciapdn cona minnaib 6 cleipcib, pi imoppa celca aipDD.i.oenjup iia cainelbain, -] pi celca call .1. maelipu mac coipren, -| pi maige lacQ .1. jilla spiguip ua Dummaigc, -\ pi cuach luigne .1. laiognen mac maelan, o laecaib, -\ mop injen meic concobaip inD pi'gan cen nacli nachcop na commaipce pen co bpaf. 1 piaonaipe pep miDe erep laecu -] cleipciu do paca na plana pein -) na commaipce, -| rucpar uile ecep laecii 1 cleipciu a mbennaccain do cac pig na caipgaD " Les-Luigdech, i. e. Lughaidh's fort : lybetagh or large ancient Irish townlaud, name obsolete. containing the seat of O'Coinnealbhain, " Dun-mic-Cennan, i.e. fort of the son originally embraced many of the modern of Cennan. denominations of land adjacent to the P Comharba of Patrick, i. e. the Arch- present townland of Tullyard, and among bishop of Armagh. For some account of others that called Steeplestown, in which " the Staff of Jesus," see the Book of stood a round tower, called in the Irish Obits of Christ Church, Introd. p.viii.-xx. Annals Cloicthech Teloha aird. The fa- '^ The Comharba of Finnen, i. e. the mily of O'Coinnealbhain, now Quinlan, are Abbot of Clonard. still extant in Meath, but not possessed of ^ The Comharba ofCiaran, i. e. the Ab- any portion of their original territory of bot of Clonmacnoise. Iveleary. O'Coinnealbhain was the lineal ^ Telach-ardd, now Tullyard, a town- representative of Laeghaire, the last pagan land in the barony of Upper Navan, about monarch of Ireland, and the senior of the two miles to the north-east of Trim. This southern Hy-Niall race, though by no name, which was evidently that of a Bal- means the most powerful of them. It ap- The Irish Charters in the Book of Kelts. 139 protection. But he [Conchobhar] took him [Gilla Columb] on his back from the altar of Columbkille and carried him to Les-Luigdech", and deprived him of sight in the valley which is to the south of Dun-mic-Cennan". It was in atonement for this violation that Con- chobhar O'Maelsechlainn gave Cill-delga, with its territory and lands, to God and to Columbkille for ever, no king or chieftain having rent, tribute, hosting, coigny, or any other claim on it as before, for no chief durst touch it while [staying] in the territory. Now these were the sureties and guarantees given in it, viz. Amal- gaidh, Comharba of Patrick"", with the staff of Jesus ; the Comharba of Finnen' ; the Comharba of Ciaran' with his reliques, of the clergy ; also the King of Telach-ardd', Oengus O'Cainelbain ; the King of Telach-Cair, Mael Isu Mac Cairthen" ; the King of Magh-Lacha", Gilla-Griguir O'Dummaig" ; the King of Tuath Luighne'', Laignen Mac Moelain'', of the laity ; and also Queen Mor, the daughter of the son of Conchobhar, without any revocation of this for ever. In the presence of the men of Meath, both clergy and laity, these sureties and guarantees were given ; and they all, both laity and clergy, gave their pears from various authorities tliat his ' 2\mi/i Liiighne, i. e. the territory of territory comprised the baronies of Upper Luighne. The name of this territory is and Lower Navan. The hill of Tlachtga, still preserved in Lune, called in Irish near Athboy, is described in the Dinn- Luighne, abarony in the west of the county senchus as in O'Coindelbhain's territory, of East Meath ; but it would appear from '■ Tdach-Cail, i. e. the slender hill. This some ancient references to it that the an- name is now unknown. cient Luighne was more extensive than " Mac Cairthen would be pronounced the modern barony. Mac Carhen, but the name is obsolete. ' Laignen Mac Moelain. — This name " Magh-Lacha. — This is probably the would be anglicised Lynan Mac Moylan. parish of Moylagh in the barony of Fore, The surname Moylan is extant in Meath, in the north-west of the county of East but without any prefix. Mac Mullen is Meath. common in the south of Ireland, but they " QfDummaig. — Obsolete. arc not of this race. T2 I40 The Irish Charters in the Book of K ells. caipjaD Dap in paipe pein co bpar, i rucpar uile ct mallaccain do cac pi5 DO poiy^eD caipiy^ pem. -| 510 juay^acc Do cac pi pnpujuD coluim cille i]^ juapaccuca do pij [1 51D junpacc do cac pij ip juapaccuca Do pij] rempach, uaip ip bparaip he Do colum cille. V. LanD po cfnnaij congal ua bpfprlfn.i.irr lainDfo mficG afoa cfpD .1. icfac ippara pilfc inna Di'lpi aipe pfin -| ap cac Duine apcfna .1. comapba coliinn cille .i.jiUa aDomnan ua coiprfn,-] pacapc cfnanDpa .1. iTiaelmaprain ua bpfpclfn 1 pfplfginD cfnanDpa .1. juaipe uct clu- cain aipcfnnfc rije ofi^fo .1. ofnjup mac jillaibain "] cuniapo mace mic Duaipc ua m anao mac oippin *] in popaipcfnrifc .1. muipiDac mac mCic pfccacan 1 coipfc mac nictncan -| coipfc na pcoloc .1. ofnjup ua jamna. Ipe inpo I05 ocup planD mac meic aeoa 1 unga pon Dilpi aipcbfnnfcli. VI. ^* The relative of Cdumhkille. — St. Co- Beacliaire, in Fingal. See Lanigan's Ec- lumbkille was descended from Conall Gul- clesiastical History of Ireland, vol. iii. ban, the son of Niall of the Nine Hostages; p. 85. See also Annals of Tighernach, and O'Melaghlin, King of Meath or Tara, at the years 625, 741, 745, where men- from Conall Creamhthainne, another of tion is made of Lann Cluana airthir, the sons of King Niall. The clause within evidently meaning the church of Chiain brackets in the Irish text is a repetition airthir. evidently unnecessary. "^ Mac Aedha L'erd, i. e. Mac Aedha the *" A house, lanD. — This word is used to artificer or worker in brass, silver, or gold, denote a repository, and sometimes a ** The hospital, rije ofijfo, literally house. It is used by the Welsh to denote means house of the guests. a church ; see Colgan, Acta SS. p. 150, n. ' Mac Gillabain. — This name is angli- 24, and p. 328, n. 10 ; and sometimes cised Mac Kilwane by the Irish, and Mac used in the same sense by the Irish, as in Ilwain by the Scotch. Lann-Elo, now Lynally, near TuUamore, f Mac Oisin, anglicised Mac Cushen. in the King's County (See Ussher, Pri- It is to be distinguished from the name mordia, p. 960); in Lann-abhaic, now Cii 1 pin or Cushin, which is that of a family Glenavey, in the county of Antrim; Lann- of English origin, who settled in Con- The Irish Charters in the Book of K ells. 141 their blessing to every king who should not violate this freedom for ever ; and they all gave their curse to any king who should violate it ; and though it is dangerous for every king to violate Columbkille, it is particularly dangerous to the King of Tara, for he is the relative of Columbkille''. V. A house*" was purchased by Congal O'Breslen, i. e. the half house of Mac Aedha Cerd"^. These are the sureties for its perpetuity for themselves and for all men in like manner ; viz the Comharba of Columbkille, i. e. Gilla-Adomnan O'Coirthen ; and the Priest of Kells, i. e. Maelmartin O'Breslen ; and the Lector of Kells, i. e. Guaire O'Clucain ; the Erenagh of the hospital'', i. e. Oengus Mac Gillabain^; and Cumara, the son of Mac Duarc O'M Anad Mac Oisin*' and the Fos-Erenagh^, i. e. Muiridhach", the son of Mac Rechtacan' ; and the Chief of Mac Manchan'' ; and the Chief of the Scologes', i. e. Oengus O'Gamhna". This is the price given to and Flann, the son of Mac Aedha, and an ounce [of gold] for the fee-simple the Erenagh. VI. naught in the thirteenth century. ' T/ie Scologes, i. e. the farmers. 8 Fos-Erenagk, i. e. the Vice-Erenagh, ■" O'Gamhna This name is very com- or person deputed by the Erenagh to act mon in most parts of Ireland, and angli- in his place. cised Gaffney. There was a family of the " Muiridkack — This name is more usu- name in the townland of Glenmore, in the ally written Muireadhach. It is anglicised barony of Ida and county of Kilkenny, Murray. remarkable for gigantic stature, as well ' McK Rechtacan. — Now Raghtigan or as for courage, activity, and strength. In Rattigan. some parts of Ireland the name is trans- ^MacManchan would be anglicised Mac lated Cauffield, from an idea that juriium Monahan. This name is to be distinguished means a calf, which, indeed, it does ; but from O'Manchain, which is that now an- this does not warrant the translation into glicised Monahan without either prefix. Cauffield. [42 The Irish Charters in the Book of Kelb VI. Socup ayiDa biifcan 6 pij fjifno o Tnui|icPprac ua loclctinh -| o oiapmaic ua malffchlairiD o 1115 miDi 1 o pig lofgaipe o aCo mac conulao ua cliaennulbdn. Qpaile Docuji po boi o lofg- aipib ap inò eclaip .1. aoaig coinnmfDa cec paichi. po aplaig ua loclaino pij CpfnD -\ Diapmaic ua maelpeclilaino pig mioe ap pfj loegaipe peic na liaiOclie pin co bpar. ap rpi hunjaib Dop coniD pofp Dm 6 oi'b moDaib mD eclap co na cpfc -] co na pfpunb ap paipe coiccinò na nule neclap "| ap in cehbaigechr pin coniD pcaprha om 6 na Inulib monaib amlaio pin apo rhpfcan ppi CoegoipiH " Ard Breacain, i. e.Brecan's height or hill, now Ardbraccan, the seat of the Bi- shop of Meath, two miles to the west of Navan. There was a monastery erected here by St. Ultan, who died in the year 656, but St. Brecan had previously erect- ed a church or hermitage here, and given name to the place. St. Brecan afterwards retired to the great island of Aran, in the bay of Galway, where he established a famous monastery. See O'Flaherty's Ac- count of lar-Connaught, printed for the Irish Archajological Society, p. 75. " Loeghaire This territory, which was otherwise called Ui Loeghaire, and which comprised the baronies of Upper and Lower Navan, was possessed by the O'Coinnel- bhains or O'KenneUans, now Quinlans, the descendants of the L:ish monarch Loeghaire, the son of NiaU of the Nine Hostages. This family is of a diifereut race from the O'ConaUains or ConaUans of the county of Roscommon, and from the O'CionghioUains or Connellans, who are now numerous in the county of Sligo, as well as from the O'Caoinliobhains or Quinlivans of Munster. The pedigree of the Cu-Uladh mentioned in this document is given as follows in the Book of Lecan, and in the genealogical work compiled by Duald Mac Firbis : Cu-Uladh. Son of Cu-Uladh. 3. Aengus. 4. Domhnall. Gilla-Ultain. Aengus. Caindealbhan or Kennellan, the progenitor from whom this family have derived their surname 0' Kennellan. Maelcron. Domhnall. Cinaeth. The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells '43 VI. Tlie freedom of Arc! Breacain" granted by the King of Ireland, i. e. Muirchertach O'Lochlainn, and by Diarmaid O'Maelsechlainn, King of Meath, and by the King of Loeghaire", Aedh'', the son of Cu Uladh'' O'Caenulbhain. The Loegrians'' had a certain tribute on the church, VIZ. one night's Coinmhe* every quarter of a year. O'Lochlainn, King oflreland, and Diarmaid O'Maelsechlain, King of Meath, induced the King of Loeghaire to sell this night's coinmhe for ever, for three ounces of gold. The church, therefore, with its territory and lands, is free, for two reasons, viz. on account of the general freedom of all churches, and on account of this purchase. And Ard Brecain is thus by all means separated from the Loegrians. These are the guaran- tees Sou of Curoi. Aengus. Feradach. Maelduin Dorgeinigh. Colman. Aedli. Liber. Daillen. Enda. Loeghaire, monarch of Ireland at St. Patrick's arrival. 2 1 . Niall of the Nine Hostages, monarch of Ireland. This family was dispossessed by the De Lacies shortly after the English invasion. The last notice of them in the Annals of the Four Masters occurs at the year 1 160. The head of the family in the reign of Queen Elizabeth was Becan O'Kennelan or Kindellan, of Ballynakill, in East Meath, who died on the loth March, 1560. He was succeeded by his son, Edward Kin- dellan, who died in 1635, and was suc- ceeded by his eldest son, Becan, who died in the next year, leaving Edward Kin- dellan his son and heir, then eleven years old. See Meath Inquisitions. P Aedk. — Now generally anglicised Hugh. It has been Latinized Aldus, Odo, and Hugo, and translated ignis by Colgan. Trias Thaum. p. 176, n. 72. " Cu Uladh Translated Canis Ultonice in the Annals of Ulster. It is anglicised Cowley by Mageoghegan in his translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, and Cooley by Fynes Moryson and other English writers of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. ■■ The Loegrians, i. e. the race of Loegh- aire, monarch of Ireland. * Coinmhe, coinme — This word, which 144 The Irish Charters in the Book of Kelts. Loejaipib. IS lar fo fldna in cpochuip pin -] na yoipe, .1. jilla mficliac comapba parpaic Tnui|icr|icac pig fpTno, Diapmair mac Domnaill mfic mupcait) pig niiDe ècpù ua miaoacan fppcop tniDe, Conjcilac mac pfnan pig salfnj Imap ua cacliapaig pi5 paicne, Domnall im bpain pig liiijne, maelpuanaio ua ciapoa pij caipppe, moelcpon mac 7;illi pechlamò pij ofip- cipc bpej, mupcao ua pmhullan pij r)elbna, mac ponan pij caipppe jabpa, in ojpaipe na hecailpe co bpar, can comaircfp pbgfn signifies feast or refection, is anglicised Coigny by English writers. See Spenser's Review of the State of Ireland (Dubl. pp . 5 2 , 53), and Harris's Ware's Antiq. p. 77. " I mar G'Cathamigh This name would be now anglicised Ivor O'Casey. * Saithne. — The Saithne or 0"Caseys are descended from Glasradh, the second son of Cormac Gaileng, son of Teige, son of Kian, son of Oilioll Olum, King of Munster, and settled here under the mo- narch Cormac Mac Art, in the third cen- tury. See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 69. Giraldus Cambrensis states in his Hibernia Expugnata, lib. ii. c. 24, that PhilippusWigorniensis seized on the lands of Ocathesie, to the King's use, though Hugh de Lacy had formerly sold them. " Inter ipsa igitur operum suorum initi- alia, terras, quas Hugo de Lacy aUenauerat, terram videlic. Ocathesi et alias quam plures ad regiam mensam cum omui soli- citudine revocavit." '^ Luighne, now Luibhne or Lune. See note " p. 1 39. ' 0' Ciardha, now anglicised Keary, and sometimes incorrectly Carey. ' Cairbre. — The territory of Cairbre Ui Chiardha was co-extensive with the pre- sent barony of Carbury in the north-west of the county of Kildare. After the sub- jugation of the O'Ciardhas their country became the possession of a branch of the Berminghams. Connell Mageoghegan, in his translation of the Annals of Clonmac- noise (made in 1627), ad arm. 1076, says, that Carbrey O'Kiergie was in his own time called " Bremyngham's country." See Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of IJy- Fiachrack, p. 475. ^ Soicth Bregia, now the district lying to the north of the river Liffey, comprising the barony of Dunboy ne and other districts. '' G'Finnullan. — O'Finnellan was chief of Delvin, in the county of Westmeath. This family was dispossessed by Sir Hugh de Lacy, and their property transferred to the Nugents. ° Cairbre Gabhra — This was a territory in the north of the present county of Long- ford, comprising the mountainous district now called Sliabh Chairbre, otherwise the The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. 145 tees of this freedom and liberty, viz. Gilla-Mac Liag, tlie comharba of Patrick ; Muirchertacli, King of Ireland ; Diarmaid, the sou of Domhnall, son of Miu'chadh, King of Meath ; Etru O'Miadhachain, Bishop of Meath ; Congalach Mac Senain, King of Galeng ; Imar O'Cathasaigh', King of Saithne" ; Domhnall O'Breen, King of Luighue" ; MalroneyO'Ciardha^ Kingof Cairbre'' ; Moelcron Mac Gillisechlainn, King of South Bregia" ; Murchadh O'FinnuUan", King of Dealbhna ; Mac Ronan, King of Cairbre-Gabhra" for the perfect freedom of the church Carn Mountains. Lanigan, in his Ecclesi- stical History of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 100, is puzzled to distinguish the territories of Carbury in Meath from each other ; and Duald Mac Firbis falls into an error in plac- ing Cairbre Ua g-Ciardha in Conmhaicne Maighe Rein, i. e. Mac Rannall's country, in the country of Leitrim. See his Genealo- gical work (Marquis of Drogheda's copy, p. 217). But the exact situation ofCairbre- Gabhra and Cairbre-0'g-Ciardha can be easily determined from the topographical poems of O'Dugan and O'Heerin, in which O'Ciardha is placed in Leinster, south of the Eiscir Eiada, and O'Ronan, Chief of Cairbre Gabhra, in the ancient Meath. See Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiacliracti, p. 276, note 8, and p. 475. The fact is that Cairbre-0'g-Ciardha is the present barony of Carbury in the county of Kildare, and Cairbre-Gabhra is the present barony of Granard in the county of Longford, where the sons of Cairbre, the son of Niall, were seated in St. Pa- trick's time, to whom they granted a beau- tiful place called Granard. See O'Flaher- IRISH ARCU. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. ty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 85. The following entry in the Annals of Connaught, at the year 1420, will shew that the castle of Granard was in the territory of Cairbre Gabhra: " Caiplen ^panaipo i Caipppe ^abpai DO jjaBail pop h-UiUiatn Rua pepjjail DO jallaib. ^aiU Do cpèccaò an caiplein lap pein, 7 LliUiam oa bpi- peaD up Oman gall. The castle of Gra- nard, in Cairpre Gabrai, was taken from William O'Farrell by the English. The English afterwards abandoned the castle, and William demolished it from fear of the English." The mountainous parts of this barony still retain the name Cairbre, and the vivid traditions in the country respecting the curse pronounced by St. Patrick on the territory, where he was treated with indignity by the incredulous Cairbre, the monarch's brother, shew clearly that the district about Granard was originally called Cairbre. This is/ur- ther corroborated by the account of the Attacottic tribes in Ireland in the second century, preserved in the Book of Lecan, and transcribed by Duald Mac Firbis u ■46 The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. pliSfo no caillfD ace a bir icoicfno Do muincip ajioa bpecan amal biaf oo cac miDiuch ap cfna. VII. Oo|io5ill5illa cjiipc mac mancan in pepant) ap Do Idim popcela ic Dola pY '^r ammiip ara cacdn no ap do laini b . . . ain amp on at 6 maccaib beollain .1. o coin ulaD ocop 6 bparaip maelciapain. -| ip è in I05 ;r;ciiii. unja picfc .1. Dapgiic ppiroeb leginD mic com [ulaD ?] lUe na plana .1. moenac iia cinfra fpcinnec ara Daloapj; -] aeo ua mailpcipe Do pon. -\ pcolaije ua labpac [pijpogain. -| ip è in pcolaige In'pein pucay^raip piac bpoir copcpct alamaib mic imaip called Sliabh Cairbre, and the southern or more level portion Clann-Seaain or race of Shane, or John, from the sept of the O'Farrells who possessed it. For a list of the townlands comprised in the district of Sliabh Chairbre, or, as it is anglicised, Slewcarberie, see Inquisition taken at Ar- into his genealogical work, in which it is stated that a tribe called Tuath-Glas- raighe had been seated in Cairbre and in the adjoining districts around LouffA S/iee- lin, until they were dispossessed by Tua- thal Teachtmhar. It has been already stated that the mountainous portion of the barony of Granard still retains the ancient name of the territory, and that the highest eleva- tions of the district are called the Carn mountains ; and it may be worth while to add here that, according to the Dinn- senckus, the earns from which this name has been derived were called Carn-Fur- buidhe and Cam- Maine, which are describ- ed as on the summits of Sliabh Chairbre. After the O'FarreOs had extended their power over the whole of North Teffia, they divided the territory of Cairbre- Gabhra into two parts, of which the northern or mountainous portion was dagh on the 4th day of April, in the tenth year of the reign of James I. ■* Ath-catan would be anglicised Acat- *■ Beollain. — The name is now made Boland. ' Cu-Uladh, This name is translated Canis Ultonice, i. e. or Ulster Dog, angli- cised Cowley and Cooley. Amongst the ancient Irish Dog was a designation of honour ; to call a hero a Dog was as high a compliment as it would be to call him a lion at the present day. Accordingly we find in honour amongst them such names us Cu niioe, dog of Meath ; Cu munian. The Irish Charters in the Book of K ells. 147 cluirch for ever, without liberty of roads or woods, but to be common to the family of Ardbreacan, as to every Meathian in like manner. YII. Gillachrist Mac INIanchain purchased the land on your gospel hand going down towards Ath-catan", or on your [benediction] hand up from the ford, from the sons of BeoUan', i. e. from Cu-Uladhf and his brother Mael Ciarain^. The price was twenty-four ounces of silver, besides the tuition of Cu-Uladh's son. These were the siireties, viz., MoenachO'Cinetha^ Erenagh of Ath-da-loarg'; and AedhO'Maelscire" for him ; and Scolaighe O'Labhrath', [King] of Soghan", and it was that Scolaighe who gave the price of a crimson mantle into [or out of dog of Munster ; Cu Connacc, dog of Connaught ; Cu òlaòma, dog of Slieve Bloom ; Cu Caipil, dog of Cashel ; Cu pleibe, dog of the mountain ; Cu iriaije, dog of the plain, &c. &c. « Mael Ciarain,- i. e. servant of St. Kieran. The name is now anglicised Mulkieran and Mulherin. '' O^Cinethu, now anglicised Kenny, without the O. ' Ath-da-loarg. — This is the old Irish name of the site where the abbey of Boyle, in the county of Roscommon, was founded in the year 1 161. See the Irish Calendar of the O'Clery's, at 1st Decem- ber, from which it appears that before the erection of the great abbey there had been an old Irish church at Ath-da-laarg, at which the memory of the holy Bishop Mac Cainne was venerated on that day. u " Aedh O^Maelscire would be anglicised Hugh O'Mulskeery, but the name is ob- solete or disguised. ' Scolaighe O'Labhrath would be angli- cised Scully O'Lavery or O'Lowry, both of which names are still common. The word Scolaighe signifies a scholar or schoolmaster. " Soglian, more usually written Sodan. There were three districts of this name in Ireland, of which the most celebrated was in Hy-Many, in Connauglit, for the extent of which see Tribes and Customs of Hy- Many, pp. 72, 87, 89, 90, 91, 130, 164. The second was in Meath, and the name is supposed to be preserved in that of the parish of Siddan, anciently Sodan, in the barony of Slane. The third was in the territory of Fernmhagh, now the barony of Farney, in the county of Monaghan. 1 48 The Irish Charters In the Book of Kells. imaip a[ca]b|iiri inna popmlpi. TTlael bjiij nan comojiba colaim cille -] juape iia clucain in pep lejino *] pacctpc cfnann]'a 1 Da coipfc clebapca ocop 00m oc mumciii cfnannpa in n-ojDilpi in pfpfnD ap nieic mic beolain -\ ap cec mine ap cfna noluaopfo in pepano. Ire o jalenjaib. ^ille cpipr ua loipce CO na clamo 1 mac gillaihpijri mic arjioi o ua mnp- nm ocop mac ui ap 1. o -] mac Danaip o uaib ^elojan. -| Oongal ua buacaillen 6 claino copmaic, piacpaig imoppa mac conjail fpcinnfc ua cinera fpcinnec imlij i plamsfcc ino pepaino cfcna. TTiaelpuanaio mac meic cinnair -| amlaib mac nieic piacpac 6 u bpiuin. Ipe imoppo cpicaD iriD epaino pin ocd m pipoic anfp co cuapcfpc locain pacpuic po ruaio. fppai in muilino umoppo ipe nop cpi'cccno òonleir aile. The Sogban referred to in this document is evidently that in Meath. " Mac Imar, i. e. the son of Ivor or Ifars III., King of the Danes of Dublin, who flourished about the year 1050. " Mael Brigit G'Cianan. — If this name be correctly decyphered (for it is very obscure in the MS.) it is the name of ax\ abbot of Kells who was killed A. D. 1 1 17. See the Four Masters, in anno. ^ CriUachrist 0''Loiste would be angli- cised Gilchreest O'Lusty. "* Mac Atkgidi. — This name is now un- known, as are the other names of families and tribes above-mentioned, Hy-Murthim, Mac Danair, Hy-Gelogan, O'Buachaillen, and Clann-Cormac. "■ O'Ciretha, now obsolete.. ' Imleack, now Enilagh, an old churcli giving name to a parish situated about four miles to the north-east of Kells, in Meath. In the Feilire Aengids, at 5th April, this church is called Imliuch Fia, and placed in the territory of Fera Cul Breagh. Its patron saint is Becan mac Cula. The word imleac denotes land bordering on a lake, and Fia is explained " noraen montis" by the glossographer of the Feilire. ' Maelruanaidh. — Anglicised Mulrony. " Mac Cenelh — Anglicised Mac Kenny. " Amlaibh would be written Qmlaoib, Amhlaoibh, according to the modern Irish orthography. This name, which is of Danish origin in Ireland, has been va- riously anglicised Aulaif, AmlaiF, Auliffe, Olave, and Awley. " Mac Fiachra/'g. This name is angli- cised M"^ Keighry, and by some changed to Carey. The Irish Charters in (he Book ofKells. 149 of?] the hands of ]\Iac Imar" for its perpetuity. Maelbrig[it OCiaJnan"', Comharba of Cohimbkille : and Guaire O'Ckicain, the reader, and the priest of Kells, and Da chief of Clebarta and Dom are guarantees to the family of Kells for the perfect Right of the land from the sons of Mac BeoUain and every other person in like man- ner, who shoidd claim the land. These of the Galengs, [viz.] Gillachrist O'Loiste'' with his sons ; and the son of Gilla Brighde Mac Athgidi"' of the Ply-lNIm-thim and the son of O'Ar and Mac Danaii- from the Hy-Gelogan; and Dongal O'Buachaillen of the Clann-Cormac ; Fiachraig Mac Congail, Erenagh of O'Cire- tha"', Erenagh of Imleach^ in guarantee of the same land. Maelrua- naidh', the son of Mac Ceneth" and Amlaibh", the son of Mac Fiachraig" of the Hy-Briuin^ The boundary of this land is from the Siofoic'' at the south to the north of Lochan-Patruic* northwards. The end of the mill is what bounds it at the other side*". Ohservations voce Erdam). ^ Lochan-Pairuk, i. e. Patrick's little lough. No such name exists at present in tlie vicinity of Kells. '' Other side It ought to have been observed in an earlier part of these notes that the foregoing Charters are printed without stops, or capital letters for the proper names: the contractions of the ori- ginal have not been retained, for it would have been impossible to represent tlieni correctly without getting type cast ex- pressly for the purpose. The character f which denotes the long e or eu, and is common in old MSS., has, however, been preserved. See O'Donovan's Irish Gram- mar, p. 18. ' Hy-Briuin, i. e. the Hy-Briuin- Breifne, who branched into many families, but of whom the O'Rourkes, O'Eeillys, Magaurans, and Mac Kiernans, seated in East or West Breifny, or the counties of Cavan and Leitrim, were the most dis- tinguished. * Siofoic. — This was the name of a place in the town of Kells, for we learn from the Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 1 156, that " Kells was burned, both houses and churches, from the cross at the door of the Urdom [or portico] to Sio- foic." For the meaning of the word Ur- dom or Erdam, see Petrie's Essay on the Round Towers, in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. xx. (Index, [jo Tìie Irish Cìiarters in the Book of K ells. Ohxervations on the foregoing Charters. The foregoing Charters are of a date some centmùes later than that of the Book of Kells itself, in which they are found ; and it -will be necessary to distinguish between the date of the Charters, i. e. of the contracts to which they relate, and of the copies now extant in the Book of Kells, which were probably transcribed from the original deeds into this sacred and venerable book in order to secure their preservation. The ink has in many places so faded that several words are illegible ; and this appears to have been the case even in the time of Ussher, who had faithful transcripts of the first six of them made into a paper book, now preserved among his manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin (E. 3. 8.) These transcripts, although not always acciirate, have preserved some words which have been since destroyed by the bookbinder. That the hand-writing of these documents, as they are now found in the Book of Kells, is not coeval with the persons whose names are mentioned in them, is evident from the fact that they appear to have been transcribed, at the same time, whereas it is quite obvious that Nos. II. and IV. are at least half a century older than No. I. The period at wliich they were transcribed into this book may be conjectured from the character of the writing and the contractions, Avhich would appear to belong to the latter part of the twelfth cen- tury ; but the dates of the deeds themselves can be pretty accurately fixed, from the notices of the deaths of the parties concerned, which are recorded in the Irish Annals, and will be given in the following remarks. These Charters are exceedingly interestmg to the historian, as proving that the ancient Irish had committed their covenants to writing in their own language before the Anglo-Norman invasion ; and The Irish Charters in tlie Book of K ells. 151 and that their chiefs, though not succeeding according to the law of l^riniogeniture, claimed the right of binding their successors to cove- nants lawfully made by them — a right which Shane O'Neill and others called in question in the sixteenth century. The other extant Charters made in Ireland at the same period are very few indeed, and are all in the Latin language. They are i . The Charter of the fomidation of the Abbey of Newry, gi-anted about the year 1 160, by Muirchertach or JNIaiuritius Mac Loughlin, monarch of Ireland, by consent of his nobles'. 2. The Charter of the foundation of the Cistercian abbey of Rossglass, now Monastereven, by O'Demp- sey, about the year 1 178'^. 3. The Charter of foundation of the Aii- gustinian monastery of Ferns by Dermot Mac Murrough, King of Leinster, previously to his having invited the English to invade Ire- land, that is, about the year 1161'. 4. The foundation Charter of the Priory of All Saints on Hoggin Green in 1 166'. How early the ancient Irish began to commit their contracts and covenants to writing has not been yet determined, nor indeed made a subject of inquiry by any one qualified to arrive at just con- clusions. If we may credit the compiler of the Book of Ballymote, Cathaoir Mor, monarch of Ireland, who died in the year of Christ 1 28, made a long last will and testament, which this compiler has transcribed, and which would puzzle any lawyer in Christendom to explain ' A translation of this Charter, with ^ This has also buon published in the some illustrative notes, was published by Monasticon Anglicanum, vol. ii. p. 1040. the Editor in 1832 in the Dublin Penny ^ A copy of this Charter is among Har- Journal. ris's Collections in the library of the Dub- * This is published in \he Monasticon lin Society; and has recently been printed Anglicanum, vol. ii. p. 1031, and the by the Irish Archa;ological Society in the Editor has found it most useful in settling Registrum Ceenobii Omnium Sanclwum, some disputed points connected with the edited by the Rev. R. Butler, from the ori- history and topography of Monastereven. ginal MS. in the library of Trinity College. 152 The Irish Charters in the Book ofKells. explain. We have also copies of the testamentary precepts of Moran Mac IMain, who wa'- chief Brehon to the Irish monarch Feradach the Just, in the first century. But, without insisting on the authenticity of these productions, we may clearly infer from some entries in the Book of Armagh that deeds of contract and even of sale of lands were committed to writing from the earliest ages of Christianity in Ireland. It is more than probable that hundreds of such deeds were preserved in the Irish monasteries, but it must be confessed that very few of them are now known to our antiquarians, if indeed they have survived the ravages of time. No. I. — Page 128. The Irish annals do not record the exact date of " the perishing of the kine and smne of Ireland by a pestilence" within the century to which this Charter must be referred ; but from the records in those Annals of the deaths of the persons mentioned in the Charter, it is certain that it must have been executed before A. D. 1 140, in which year the death of the Bishop O'Cellaigh or O'Kelly is recorded by the Four Masters in the following Avords : " A. D. 1 140. Eocliaid O'Kelly, head of the men of Meath, the most venerable bishop in all Ireland, died at an advanced age at Durrow Columbkille." So also Harris, in his edition of Ware's Bishops, says : " Eochaid O'Kelly, Archbishop of the men otMeatli, is mentioned in the anoiiynioiis Annals to have died in the year 1 1408." The next person named in this document of whom any notice is preserved in the Irish annals is Muredhach O'Clucain, Abbot ofKells, whose death is entered in the Annals of the Four Masters at the year 1 154. The periods of some of the more distinguished lay chieftains mentioned 8 Harris's Ware, p. 140. Tlie Irl'sli Charti'rs in the Bool: ofKells. 153 mentioned can also be well ascertained, as that of TiernanO'Rourke, " King of the men of all Breifny." This is the celebrated O'Rourke, whose wife eloped with Dermot Mac Murrough, King of Leinster, in the year 1152, an event which is supposed to have been the original cause of the English invasion. This Tiernan makes his first appearance in Irish history in the year 1 128, when he insulted and assaulted Cel- sus, Archbishop of Armagh, and killed some of his clergy, from which pei'iod forward he figures as one of the most conspicuous of the Irish chieftains till the year 1172, when he was slain on the hill of Tlacht- gha, near Athboy, by Griffin, a nephew of Maurice Fitzgerald. The next chief is Godfrey or Geoffrey O'Reilly. According to the Annals of the Four Masters he was banished into Connaught in the year 1 1 54 by Murchertach O'Loughlin or Mac Loughlin, King of the north of Ireland, and was slain atKells in the year 1 161, by Melaghlin O'Rourke. From these dates we may safely conclude that this document cannot be older than the year 1 128, nor later than 1 140, in which tlie venerable Bishop O'Kelly died. No. II. — Page 139. The date of this Charter may be pretty accurately fixed from tlie notices of the more distinguished persons therein mentioned, pre- served by the Irish annalists. The death of Maelsechnaill or Mael- seachlainn, the son of Conchobar O'Maelseachnaill, or O'Mealseacli- lainn, King of Tara, is entered in the Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 1087, as follows: " A. D. 1087. Maelscai-IilaÌTin, the son of Conchobar O'Maelseachlainn, King of Tara. was killed in treachery and guile by Cathal Mac Muiricen and the men of Teffia, at Ardagh of Bishop Mel." Domhnall iniSII X-RCU. SOC. MISCKI.L. VOL. I. X * I j4 The Irish Charters In the Book of K ells. Domhnall Mac Robliartaigh, the Comharba or successor of St. Columbkille at Kells, died, according to the Annals of tlie Four Mas- ters, in the year 1098. His name occurs in the inscription on the celebrated relic called the Cathach of St. Columbkille, now deposited in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. Donnchadh, the son of Art O'Rourke, King of Connaught, men- tioned as one of the guarantees and securities of the grant to which this deed relates, was killed, according to the Annals of the Four Masters, in the battle of Moin Cruinneoige, on the 4th of the Calends of November, in the year 1084. The O'Briens carried away his head in triumph to Limerick, but it was recovered in 1088 by Donnell Mao Loughlin, King of Aileach. Donnchadh, the son of Carthacli, " King of Cashel of the Kings," and descendant of Callaghan-Cashel, was the brother of Muireadhach, the ancestor of the Mac Carthys. He is called King of Cashel in the interpolated Dublin copy of the Annals of Innisfallen, in which it is stated that he was slain by Callaghan O'Callaghan in the year 1092; but in the Annals of the Four Masters, which mention his death at the same year, he is called King of Eoghanacht Chaisil. The relationship of this Donnchadh to Callaghan O'Callaghan, by whom he was slain, will appear from the following table" : Callaghan Cashel, K. M. d. 954. I Donnchadh, d. 962. Saerbhreathach, a minor in 977. Murch.adh, d. Ifll- I I Carthach, killed in 1045. Domhnall, d. 1U44 I I IJonnchadh Muireadhach, ancestor of the Mac Carthys, d. 1045 JIao Carthaigh, slain 1092. It For the rest see Circuit nf Mttirclieiiach, Additional Xote B. p. 64. The Irish Charters in the Book of K ells. 155 It follows, therefore, that the year 1084 is the latest date that can be assigned to the Cliarter before us. No. III. — Page 132. The date of this Charter is fixed to the latter part of the eleventh century by our knowledge of the obits of three of the persons mentioned in it, namely, O'Clucain, Comharba of Kells; the Bishop O'Dunan ; and Donnell, the son of Flann, King of Tara. According to the Annals of Ulster and the Four Masters, Fer- domhnach O'Clucain, Comharba of Kells, died in the year 11 14. The death of Maelmuire O'Dunan, archbishop, is entered in the Annals of Ulster, the Annals of the Four Masters, and the interpo- lated copy of the Annals of Inisfallen, at the year 11 17; but they differ as to the name of his see. The Four Masters call him Arch- bishop of Munster, and the Annals of Inisfallen Archbishop of Ire- land. The old translation of the Annals of Ulster makes mention of two prelates of this name who died in 1117, namely, " Maolmure O'Dunan, chief Bishop of the Irish, and head of Ireland, clergy and laitye, for almes," &c.; and " Maolmure O'Dunan, Archbishop of Mun- ster." In Mageoghegan's translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, at the year 1 1 00, where an account is given of a synod held that year at Cashel, he is called " O'Downan, arch Bushopp and Elder of Ire- land." In Harris' edition of Ware's Bishops, p. 467, " Miler or Melmury O'Dunan, Archbishop of Cashel, is said to have died at Clonard, on the 24th of December, 1118, in the 77th year of his age. And again, in the list of the Bishops of Meath, p. 140, ''Hunan, called Bishop of Meath, is said to have flourished in 1096." The fact would appear to be that there was but one O'Dunan, and that he was Bishop of Meath, and that " head of the clergy of Ireland/or ahies" has been understood as meaning archbishop, when, in reality, it means notliing X 2 moie 1 56 The Irish Charters in the Book of Kelts. more than " the most charitable bishop." Were he Bishop or Arch- bishop of Cashel he would not be styled Senior of Leth Chuinn in this document, but of Leth Mhoga ; the former being the ancient name for the northern, and the latter for the southern half of Ireland. According to the Annals of Clonmacnoise and of the Four Mas- ters, Domhnall or Donnell, the son of Flann, King of Tara, mentioned in this deed, was King of Meath, and was deposed and slain by his own people in the year 1094. It must, therefore, follow, that this document was di'awn up some time previous to that year. Xo. IV.— Page 136. Xothmg remains to determine the age of this document but the name of Amhalgaidh, Comharba of Patrick, who became Archbishop of Armagh in the year 1021, and died in 1050. There were many Kings of Meath of the O'Melaghlin family named Conchobar or Conor, but the personage here referred to must be Conchobar or Conor, the son of Domhnall, who is mentioned in the Annals of Ulster, of Clonmacnoise, and of the Four Masters, as having blinded his brother Flann in the year 1037. The death of a Maelmuii-e h-Uchtain, Comharba of Kells, is entered in the Annals of the Four Masters at the year looS, but the person referred to in this document must have been a later namesake of his who flourished in or after the year 102 1, when Amhalgaidh became Comharba or successor of St. Patrick. But of this second jNIaelmuire the Irish annalists have preserved no notice. Xo. Y. — Page 140. The names of the sureties mentioned in this deed do not occur in the Irish annals, but the date of the document may be inferred from that of No. VII., wliere it appears that Guaire O'Clucain, the Lector The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. 157 Lector of Kells, Avas contemporary with the son of Imar III., King of the Danes of Dublin. No. VI. — Page 142. The date of this document can be fixed to about the middle of the twelfth century by the notices of the more illustrious per- sons therein mentioned, namely, Muirchertach O'Loughlin ; Dermot O'Melaghlin; Gilla Mac Liag, Comharba of St. Patrick ; and Edni (i'Miadliachain, Bishop of Meath. I. Muirchertach O'Loughlin was monarch of Ireland "without opposition," in the year 1 1 6 1 , about which time he granted a charter to the monastery of Newry. He was slain in the year 1 166. 2. Dermot O'Melaghlin was contemporary with the monarch Muir- chertach O'Loughlin, and survived him several years. He was ap- pointed King of Meath in the year 1 157 by the Synod of Mellifont, in the place of his brother Donnchadh, who was excommunicated by the same Synod. 3. Gilla-mac-Liag or Gelasius, Comharba of Patrick, was Arch- bishop of Armagh. He succeeded in the year 1 1 37, and died in 1 1 74. 4. Edru O'Miadhachain, Bishop of Meath, succeeded in 1 1 50, and died in 1 1 73 or 1 1 74. He assisted at the Synod of Kells in 1 1 52. From these historical notices it is evident that this document cannot be older than the year 1157, when Dermot O'Melaghlin became King of Meath, nor more modern than 1 174, when the Arch- bishop Gilla-mac-Liag, or Gelasius, died. No. VII.— Page 147. The date of this document may probably be fixed to the close of the eleventh century, if Maelbrigit Cenan be mentioned in it, which 158 The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. is certainly doubtful, for the word is almost illegible, and the letters Ttiaelbpij r,an are all that can with certainty be read He was killed, according to the Foiu: Masters, in 1117. The son of Imar, with whom Scully O'Lavery, one ol the sureties, was contem- porary, was probably Sitric, son of Imar or Ifars, third King of the Danes of Dublin, who flourished about the year 1050. Art. XI. Original Charter granted by John Lord of Ireland to the Abbey of Mellifont. JOHANNES filius domini Regis Anglic • et dominus Hybernie • Ar- chiepiscopis -Episcopis • Abbatibus -Comitibus • Baronibus • Justicia- riis • Constabulariis • et omnibus ministris et fidelibus suis • Francis • Anglis et Hyberniensibus de tota Hyberuia • salutem. Sciatis me con- cessisse et presenti carta mea confirmasse • monachis de Mellifonte • donationem et concessionem quam dominus Rex Anglie pater mens eis f[ecif]. Scilicet locum et sedem abbatie sue • cum omnibus perti- nentiis suis • Grangiam scilicet de Kidibudi'- et Munigatinn'' \cum jìertinentiis^ sms • Et grangiam de Melle" cum pertinentiis suis • Et grangiam de Drochetatha" cum pertinentiis suis • Et Raithmolan'' et Finnauer" ^ Kulibudi. — This place is not on the "^ Melle Now Mell, a townland in the Ordnance map. parish of Tullyallen, it is bounded on the ^Munigatinn Archdall, who appears east by the townland of Moneymore, which to have seen this charter, has given a very may possibly be the Munigatinn of the inaccurate copy of it; he mentions " the charter. See Ord. Map of Louth, sheet 24. granges of Kulibudi and Ogumgatran.^'' — ^ Drocketatha. — Drogheda, which is Monasticon Hib. p. 480. Munigatinn is called in Irish Droichet-atka, i. e. bridge perhaps the same as Monkenewton, men- of the ford, and latinised Pontana. See tioned as one of the possessions of Melli- Ussh. Primordia, p. 857. font, in an Inquisition taken at Navan, ' Raithmolan. — Rathmullen, a town- 28 Aug., 1628. Seelngitis. ofMeath, 40 land in the barony of Lower Duleek : see Car. I. Ord. Map of Meath, sheet 20. In 1628 Orignal Chartei- granted by John Lord of Ireland. 1 59 Finnauer cum' peitinentiis suis • Et grangiani de Teachleimi* cum per- tinentiis suis • Et grangiam de Rosuarrigh" cum pertinentiis suis • Et Culen' cum pertinentiis suis • Et grangiam de Cnogva'' cum perti- nentiis suis • Et grangiam de Kelcalma' cum pertinentiis suis • Et Tuelacnacornari" cum pertinentiis suis • Et Callan" cum pertinentiis suis • Et grangiam de Finna[ ] cum pei tinentiis suis • sicut carta doraini Regis patris mei testatur et determinat. Concede etiam et confirmo eis omnes terras subscriptas • et alias eis postea rationa- biliter coUatas. Scilicet ex dono Ilugonis de Laci duas carucatas terre • scilicet Croch et Inseil' cum omnibus pertinentiis suis. Et ex Viscount Drogbeda was seised of " Rath- mollaue" and several other places in the County of Meath, which were part of the manor of Mellifont Inquisit. of Meath, 40 Car. I. f Finnauer Now Fennor, a parish in the barony of Lower Duleek, in county of Meath. — Ord. Map, sheet 19. Archdall misreads this word Linnavar, and states that in 1 157 Murchetach OLochlainn, King of Ireland, presented to the abbey of Mellifont a townland near Drogheda, called Finnabhuair Nannighain Mon. Hib. p. 479. 8 Teachlenni. — Now Stalleen, a town- land in the parish of Donore. — Ord. Map of Meath, sheet 20. It is curious to re- mark that the Teach (house) of the Irish becomes Sta in the Danish districts, as Teach Callain, Teach Lorcain, which have become Stackallen, Stalorgan, or Stillor- gan. " Stallage" is mentioned as one of the possessions of Mellifont, in the In- quis. of Meath, 40 Car. i. '' Romiarri(]li Now Rossnarce, in the barony of Lower Duleek. — Ord. Map of Meath, sheet 20. In Irish it is called TJop na pi^, i. e. the promontory of the kings; in the South of Ireland Ros means a wood, and a headland in the Nortli. See Petrie's Bound Tovners, p. 100. ' Culen Now Cullen, a townland bounded on the east by Rossnaree. " Cul- len et Rosnery" are mentioned in the same Inquisition as RathmoUaue. — See note ". " Cnogva. — Knowth, in the parish of Monknewtown, in the county of Meath. It is separated from Rossnaree by the river Boyne. In Irish documents it is called Cnoghbha. ^Kelcalma. — The name is not now known. Is it Kilcommon ? "■ Tuelacnacornari. — Now obsolete. It signifies " hill of the trumpeters or horn- blowers." ■> Callan — Now Collon, near Mellifont. Archdall, p. 480, calls it Callats. ° Croch etinseil. — Archdall, p. 480, calls the latter Infert. In 1619 King James was seised of two carucates of land " in 1 60 Original Charter granted by John Lord of Irehmd. ex dono Roberti Flandrensis vnam carucatara terre in Crevoda'' • sicut carte donatorum suorura testantur. [ ] firmiter precipio • quod predict! monaclii liabeant et teneant predictam ab- batiam[ ] omnia [ ] -nibus pertinentiis suis • In terris scilicet et grangiis • In bosco et piano • In pratis et pascuis [ nzjolendinis • In stangnis et vivariis • In Rivariis et piscariis • In moris et mariscis • In viis et semitis • et in omnibus aliis locis et rebus ad ilia pertinentibus • bene et in pace • libere et quiete • in- tegre et plenarie • honorifice et pacifice • cum omnibus libertatibus et decimis • et liberis consuetudiuibus suis • Willelmo de Wenneval'' dapifero • Gillberto Pipard • Philippo de Wirecestre • Alardo came- rario • Roberto de [ ] • Elia de Pinkinn • Willelmo [ ] • Rogero le Poher • magistro Alano medico • Willelmo capellano • Ri- eardo clerico de Camera mea • Apud Castel Knock. The preceding Charter, one of the earliest Anglo-Irish documents which has reached our times, is printed from the original, now pre- served in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. It is a confirma- tion of a grant made by Henry the Second to the monks of Melli- font, in the County of Louth, and was granted by John, Lord of Ireland, while residing at Castleknock, near Dublin, during his brief visit to this coimtry in tlie thirt}--second year of liis father's reign. [A.D. 1185-6.] ^ . ^ ^ Crogh al' Croghan, & Inchfall al' Balbre- 1 Willelmo de Wemieval.— Three of the gan & le Eatli juxta Flatten in Co' witnesses to tliis Charter, William de Mid." — Inquisit. 31. Jac. I. The names Wenneval, Gilbert Pipard, and Alard, of Croghan and Ballybregan are still in the chamberlain, are witnesses to a Char- use, but Inchfall is forgotten. ter granted at Wexford (apud Weyseford), ■■ Crevoda. — Now Creewood (in Irish '-Henrico Tyrel dispensario meo," by cpaob pooa, the long tree), a townland John Lord of Ireland. — Black Book of about two miles west of Mellifont. See Christ Church, ful. 224, d. Ord. Map of Meath, sheet 1 3. Jonrupy to Connanqht. i6i Art. XII. Jtntrney to Connuugld. — April, 1709. [bV DI!. THOMAS MOLY^'EUX^] TUESDAY, April 5''" — Parted from Dublin about 10 in y" morning ; came to Kilcock, 1 2 mile, in y' county of Kildare, about 2 a clock ; a pretty good market town. The roads, it being dry weather, were very good ; the lands generally meadowe ; some corn, with very ill enclosures, and no hedges. We pass'd by Chapellizod, Palmerstown, Lucan, Leixlip, Manooth, Cartown\ Dolenstown", and Rodensto^\^l. Wednesday, 6"' — Left Killcock. Came to Beggarsbridge'', in y" county of Physic in the University; in 1 718 he became Physician- General of the Army in Ireland, and Physician to the State in 1725 ; on the 4th July, 1730, he was cre- ated a baronet, and died on the 1 9th of October, 1733. Sir Thomas Williams Mo- lyneux, of Castle Dillon, covmty Armagh, is the present representative of the family. '■ Cartown. — The seat of the Duke of Leinster. ' Dolenstown. — Dolanstowu in the pa- rish of Rodanstown, and barony of Upper Deece, in the county of Meath See Ord- nance Map of Meath, Sheet 49. In Lewis'.s Topogr. Diet., Rodanstown is called Rad- danstown, or Balroddan, in which parish is Dollandstown. ■* Beggarsbridge. — Now called Rochfort- bridge. It is traditionally stated that this place derived its former name from the cir- cumstance of a beggar having died here, in whose pockets was found money suffi- ■'' The manuscript from which this arti- cle is printed is in the handwriting of Dr. Thomas Molyneux, and is preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, Class I., Tab. iv.. No. 1 2. At the begin- ning of the little volume there are a few pages which appear to have been the ori- ginal notes of the " Journey," as it is now printed, from the fair copy made by the Author. Dr. Thomas Molyneux was the younger brother of the celebrated "William Moly- neux, and grandson of Daniel Molyneux, who was appointed Ulster King of Arms, bj' patent bearing date 28th of June, 1597. He was born in Dublin, and educated in Trinity College; some time afterwards he visited Leyden and Paris, and on his re- turn home he became a Fellow of the Royal Society in England, and a Fellow of the College of Physicians in Ireland ; and, in 171 1, he was elected Regius Professor IRISH AKCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. V i62 Journey to Connaugiit. coimty of Westmeath, 1 7 mik' in 8 hours. A good inn, but no town ; the roads bad enougli ; the lands generally corn or sheep-walks, with some black cattle. As we went farther from Dublin no enclosures or trees to be seen, but little scrubs in y' bogs here and there. We joass'd by Clancurry^ where is a fair Dane-mount, the Blackwater, RoyallOak', Clonard on y' Bopie, another fair Dane-mount, Kinigad, a pretty new built town, handsom market-house, Lowtown^, Gaulstown", Castleloss'. [On the road I observ'd now and then near a poor cabin yarn a diy- ing as is frequent in y* North, and I am told y" wife makes up the rent sometimes in this country and in Connaght by making their 20 or 30 yards of cloath in a year, besides supplying y^ necessary Imnen for their o^vn family, this manufacture is not so much improv'd here cient to build the bridge, which crosses a small stream at the eastern extremity of the village. ^ Clancurrtj. — Cloncurry moat, i. e. the " fair Dane-mount," is marked on the Ord. Map of Kildare, Sheet 4. It appears that our Author, during his " Journey to Connaught," collected some of the mate- rials for " A Discourse concerning the Danish Mounts, Forts, and Towers in Ire- land," which he published at Dublin in 1725. It was reprinted in 1755, as Part III. of Boate's Natural History of Ire- land. See note ^, p. 167. f Rot/all Oak. — Now Innfield, on the road from Kilcock to Clonard. s Lovstown — Near Kinnegad, in West- meath. It was the seat of the Doppings, to whom our Author was related See Journey. Sat: May y' if p. 167. ^ Gaulstoion. — Formerly the seat of George Kochfort, Esq., the intimate friend of Swift. — See his Letter from "Galls- town, near Kinnegad, July 5, 1721," ad- dressed to Vanessa, and another of Sep- tember 14, 1 72 1, to the Rev. Mr. Worrall, who was a foundling, and called Melchise- dek by Swift, because Melchisedek is said to have had neither father nor mother. Swift's Works, Faulkner's Edit., 1772, vol. xvi. pp. 231 and 239, and vol. xv. p. 158, note. See also a Poem by Swift, descriptive of a visit to his friend Mr. Rochfort, in 1723. — Ibid., vol li. p. 161. Gaulstown is now the seat of Lord Kil- maine, about midway between Kinnegad and Tyrrell's-pass. ' Castleloss Castlelost, a parish in the barony of FartuUagh, in the county of Westmeath. The words within the brack- ets are in the original draft of the Jour- ney, after the word Castleloss. Journey to Connaught. 163 as to make any cloath for sale further tliim inniiediate necesssity con- strains them.] Thursday, 7'* — Left Beggarsbridge about 9 in y^ morning. Came to Moat after one thro' mighty bad coach roads. The country very hilly: hardly any corn or enclosures, but sheepwalk, bogg, and scrubby. We pass'd thro' Tyrrell's-pass, Ballygore\ and other sad towns. The Moat is a pretty little clean-built town, of a different air from the gene- rality of the Irish villages in this part of Ireland : this may be some- what owing to the gravelly soyl on which it stands, which has afforded also materials to the Danes for raising a mount here, a very high and regularr one, all of gravell. In this town are i o or 12 familys of Quakers, who, with many others, dispers'd, as I hear, in y' adjacent country, have here a meeting house. Here came in soon after us Staples from y' Colledge, who was going to AB? of Tuams. Friday, 8" — Left Moat with Staples in y' coach about 9 a clock. Came in 3 hours, thro' indifferent coach roads, wild sheepwalks, and scrubby hills and bogs, to Athlone, which is a handsome large town, scituated on y' noble river y^ Shannon. Here we saw y' miserable ruins of y' castle, which was some years ago blown up'', y'^ magazine of powder there kept taking fire by accident. Here are a horse and foot barrack, and some good brass and iron ordinance. This town is famous for y* manufacture of felts, which are here sold from 2 to 4 shillings price. Crossing y*" Shannon you enter into Connaught. Here I travcll'd from Athlone 4 or 5 mile in y' coach with Staples, and about 2 more rid — Or Ballinagore, a village killed." — Ware'sGestaHibernorum. Dub- about three miles N. W. of fyrrell's-pass. lin, ibl. 1705. A true narrative of this '^ Blown up. — "On the 27th of Octo- disaster is given in Dr. Strean's Survey ber, 1 697, the Magazine of Athlone fired of St. Peter's parish, in Mason's Statisti- by lightening, blew up the Castle, and cal Survey, vol. iii. p. 50; and in Weld's divers houses, and fourteen persons were Stat. Hist, of Co. Roscommon, p. 531. Y2 164 Journey to Connawjlit. rid to Killeglau', in 3 hours. Y' miles are here very long, as they generally eucrease in bad country and distant parts from Dublin ; j" soylis very rocky and stony; much bog, with sheepwalk & scrubs. I observ'd scarce any corn or enclosures but old ruin'd ones of stones heap'd along in rows, which way of enclosing land, by being so fre- (juently met with in many parts of Ireland, seems once to have been much in use, and indeed I wonder is not so still in these stony parts. In all this journey I think I observ'd many more beggars everywhere than is usual on a road, all owing, as I believe, to the present liard times of war. At Killeglau we stay'd 8 days", and met little observable. There are here to be dug out of the hill on which the house stands stones almost globidar, some Hker an egg, some oblate spha3roids, from y' size of a nutmeg to twice the bigness of one's head. There are other stones in y' same liill, and on y^ land adjoyning, which when broke, in y^ body of 'em are found inclos'd cockle shells of all sizes, some petryfy'd, some yet perfect fryable shells. In one of these stones, when we broke it, we found 8 or i o whole small cockles, and a long cilindricall figur'd stone of y^ bigness and length of one's little finger, of a substance different from y*" cockles, as well as from y" body of y' stone itself; of all these stones I have by me. Eound hereabout are also but few curiositys of antiquity, some oldchappells and crosses, but not one very ancient ' Killefflan Is situated a few miles friends. He alludes, at p. 165, to ''some north of the road from Athlone to Balli- monuments of antiquity, which have the nasloe, and at about equal distance from appearance of Danish forts." This evinces each town. singular indecision on the subject, after " Stafd 8 days. — From the original his curious and decisive letter to his bro- draft of the " Journey," we learn that our ther, dated 2nd June, 1684, wherein he Author's stay at Killeglan was prolonged, correctly questions " whether the Danes' in consequence of " foul weather," from mounts be rightly called, or whether they the nth to the i6th of April, during be the works of the Danes." — See Dub. which time he wrote several letters to his University Magazine, Oct. 1841, p. 483. Journey to Connaiujlit. ^65 ancient that I saw : the one whose figure bespoke it the most ancient is here represented ; its date, I think, makes it not 200 }-ear okl. Tlie Danes indeed have left here some monu- ments of antiquity which I have not met with elsewhere, and these are forts, not cast up with earth and trenches as usuall, but wholly compos'd of stones heap'd round in a circle of the common compass. Tho' they are now old and ruin'd, and alhnost defac'd, they still have the appearance of Danish forts, and are so call'd and generally repu- ted in y* countr}', tho' indeed I do not find their common mounts or forts so frequent in these parts to conclude they ever had here so good footing as in y'' N. E. parts of Ireland, which lay more opportune for their invasions and setlement. They have here a sort of ropes made of y° roots of firr trees", here frequently dug out of the boggs : these they beat like hemp, and then twist them into roaps ; they are pretty flexible, and I am told, more lasting, especially in damp places, than any other cords : they are made in Athlone, and are much us'd for cording beds in damp clay floors, where they last for ever, whereas till they made these roaps they were us'd to change their hemp cords every day. Walking here in y' fields, I met with an odd stone all spotted white at one end, y'' spots continuing in white streaks down the side of the stone. Breaking it, we found in j' body of y^ stone answering to each white spot a long tract or round vein of a more flinty substance than y^ rest of y"" stone. Of tliis stone I have some pieces by me, y' spotts and round ° Ropes made of the roots of fir trees, ])arts of the country for cording bedsteads are still used by the peasantry in many and for lines for drying linen. 1 66 Journey to Conncmgid. round llinty veins within, when broke accross, appearing in rays from y' center to y" circumference. They tell here an odd story, and gave me y' jaw of a young lamb with perfect large teeth in't. They say it was so yean'd, as large near and wooly as one of a twelvemonth old, but dead, and y' flesh cor- rupted. Along with it was yean'd another lamb of y' ordinary size, rather less. The yoe that brought them is alive, and, as they say, was big from y' season before, and they therefore think the first lamb lay in her womb so long. Simday, 17''' — I left Killeglau at 8^ in y'= afternoon, in order to go to Gallway. We came in 2 hours, thro' good roads and an open country ; nothing of enclosru'es, but some scrubs and boggs, a great deall of stony ground, with some sheepwalks, to Ballynasloe°, which is a very pretty scituated village on y"' river Suck^, which divides y"' county of Roscommon from y' county of Gallway. Here is a Danes- mounf, with a large trench roimd it: 'tis so flat one might allmost take it for a fort : this, with one more, were the only mounts I saw on all y*" road between Killeglan and Gallway, tho' their forts were all along mighty frequent. From this village we reach'd in 2 hours more to Killconell, thro' a better country, the land it self better, and not near so stony. We pass'd by Garbelly' and some other pretty scituated seats " Bailynasloe. — On the 26th of Februa- ty, p. 84; and Weld's Stat. Survey of Ros- ry, 1 7 16, Ballinasloe, with its fairs and common, p. 97. markets and other lands, were sold by Wil- '^ Dane's-moicnt. — This is one of the liam Spenser (grandson of the celebrated ancient numerous remains of the Pagan poet Edmund Spenser), and his son Natha- Irish, erroneously attributed to the Danes niel, to FrederickTrench. — See Hardiman's by Dr. Molyneux. It is remarkable how ge- Irish Minstrelsy, vol. i. p.319. Lond. 1831. nerallythis error has since spread through- V Suck. — For an account of this river, out Ireland, see Tribes and Customs of Hy-]Many, f Garòelly. — Garbally Park, now the printed for the Irish Archaeological Socie- noble seat of the Earl of Clancarty. Journey to Connaught. 167 seats, besides a number of Danes-forts, in one of which, on y*^ lands of Dungongon', belonging to my uncle Usher, we were told there was a vault under-ground : we went to it, and enter'd it at one end by a hole accidentally discover'd at a. The first vault, which run north and south, was, from a to 6, 26 f I long, 5^ broad, 5Ì high ; the next vault, from d to e, every way the same dimensions, as was the 3'''' also, from g to A, only 6 f. longer. The walls that made y^ sides of these vaults were stones, layd with- out lime or water {sic) flat on one another from y"= ground : the covering was large flagstones, which were so large as to reach from side to side. In y" vault d e, y" flat stones that made y^ walls advanc'd and hung over one another, so as to make a kind of arch, and came so near at the height of 5^ that the covering flagstones at the top were not nere so broad as in y* other vaults : at b there seems to have been a partition of stones, which is now thrown down, as also another at g ; the little place b, c, d has its floor of one broad flag, and rais'd so that you ascend about 2 or 3 f. at b, a, d, descend as much at d, thro' a narrow passage of about 2 f square left for that purpose there : at e you ascend again by alike narrow passage into another little apartment as before ; from thence you de- scend on y"" rubbish of a ruin'd partition, as it seems to have been, at g, into y' last and inward vault, whose end, h, was stopp'd, as a, with stones, but is now broke open up to the air, and, as we judg'd, was nearly the center of the mount. They seem not to have been pav'd, unless by a few stones thrown loose here and there on y" earth. Having view'd this curiosity, we went to take up with sad lodging at the poor village ' Dungongon. — This vault or cave is de- cerning the Danish Mounts, p. 209, but scribed in our Author's Discourse con- its locality is not mentioned. i68 Journey to Connaugid. village of Kilconnel, where was miserable accommodation of all things but good wine from Gallway. Monday, 19'.*' — At Killconnell we saw the famous old Abby of Franciscans, where was little of antiquity or remarkable. Their churchyard is surrounded by a wall of dead men's sckulls and bones", pil'd very orderly, with their faces outwards, clear round against the wall to the length of 88 foot, about 4 high, and 5!' 4"' broad, so that there may be possibly here to the number of 50000 sckulls : within they shew you L? Gallway's and other great men's heads kill'd at Aghrim. This Abby was in repair, and inhabited by Frj'ers, in K. James' time, so that some of the woodwork, the wainscot, and ordi- nary painting yet remains ; nay I am told 2 of y" Fryers are yet alive, and live, tho' blind with age, on y' charity of the neig[h]bouring papists, in a poor cabin, in a very small island, which they shew'd me, not \ a mile from Ivillconell, in a bog : they employ one to begg for them", and by that means subsist near their old habitation. Having gotton out of this miserable village, we rid 4 hoiu-s thro' a fine champain country; no enclosures, generally good land, yet pretty good roads. We pass'd thro KilltoUogh", and came to y' ancient Burrow of Athenree'' : it is all wall'd, and makes, with its old round towers ^ Monday, 19'.'' — This and all the sub- Meath," gives a curious account of an An- sequent dates are one day in advance. chorite who lived at Foure, and had proc- " Sckulls and bones In a memorandum tors to beg for him through the country. on one ofthe fly leaves is given thefollow- SeeYaHancey^s Collectanea deBebusHiber- ing measurements of " The wall of heads nicis, vol. i. p. 64. round the churchyard: 33 canes long — '^ Killtollogh. — A poor village, near which i-^ high — 2 broad — my cane is 2 f : 8 inches is Kiltullagh House, the seatof J. D'Arcey, long," which correspond exactly with the Esq. dimensions given in the text. " Athenree. — For the ancient murage * To begg for them. — Sir Henry Piers, charter granted to this town by Edw. H. in his " Description ofthe County of West- in 1 3 10 ; see O'Flaherty's History of West Journey to Connavght. 169 towers on y" walls and other old buildings within, a very venerable appearance and pretty prospect, it being built on green fields, and not a house without the walls: it seems to have been of old a well inhabited and thriving town, on account of y" large pav'd streets and many ruin'd houses which remain ; it has nothing now but cabins in it, and those so few they have room for all y^ gardens too within y' walls, which 1 am told enclose more than Dublin walls, and at least 33 acres. Here we met S' T. Mongomery', who seeing us gaping strangers, invited us in to look at his improvements, which are pretty and whimsicall enough : part of his house is y' wing of an old Abby repair'd, which makes an odd and convenient house. He has lately set vip here a napping and a tucking mill, and designs a weaving manufactory, the inhabitants of the town being, as he tells me, allmost all weavers and cottoners. As you go out of town to Gallway you meet with a pretty new improvement of Mr. Shaw's. From hence you travell thro' a barren gravelly soyl to Gallway in 4 hours. As you draw near Gallway the country grows extreamly stony, and in many places one may observe naturall cawseys of stones, which, tho' not so regularly form'd as y° Gyants' Cawsey in y' county of Antrim, are yet so like one another, all consisting of stones full of fissures and cracks, and lying in great layers or strata one over another, the fissures paralell to the horison, that one that sees 'em can't but rank 'em among regular form'd stones, which Connaught, printed for the Irisli Archseo- Borough of Athenry. His election to the gical Society, note ", p. 265 ; see also place of Portrieve of Athenry was subse- Grace's Annals, p. 73. quently declared void, and he was ordered 1 Sir T. Mongomery. — July 23rd, 1707, to deliver the ensigns of magistracy tu a petition was presented to the House of John Ormsby, Esq., the legal Portrieve Commons in behalf of Robert Shaw, Esq., of Athenry Index to the Journ. of thi- and others, complaining of the undue prac- House of Commons of Ireland, Petitions, tises of Sir Thomas Montgomery in the No. 831. IRISH ARCH. SOC. JIISCKLL. VOL. I. Z lyo Jourìiey to Connauylit. which a description or even a draught of 'em could scarce be exact enovigh to make one think. There are many of these cawseys on each hand the road : one only I observ'd in which y' rinioe or cracks of y= stone directed upwards. All along, as we travell'd thro' y' county of Gallway, I observ'd a very great number of heaps of stones rais'd into a Pyramid^, some with lime, generally without, along the road, in memory, as I am told of burialls that have pass'd that way. Their enclosures of land are here odd enough, being walls of single stones, so pil'd up without mortar that as you pass by you may see thro', and they stand so ticklish, the beasts, that know the way of them, will not come near 'em for fear of throwing 'em down on themselves, so that they serve as well as stronger. I observ'd on y^ road many figur'd stones here and there, like y"' one describ'd page 7*!" [vide p. 1 65], and in y' pave- ment of a street in Athenree a stone consisting of pillars, with appear- ance of joynts, like y* Gyants' Cawsey, of all numbers of sides as that too ; nay, indeed, the generality of y' stones that ly at the sides of the way between Athenree and Gallway have something very different from common stones in their figure, which is much more scraggy than usuall, and full of holes : their surfaces are very smooth and their colour black, so that hi every thing they look like stones to be seen on the sea shore, much excavated and beaten by y" waves. This resemblance of these stones, with the aforemention'd cawseys, the like of which are often seen also among rocks at the sea shore, with the universall stonyness of y' country, has sometimes almost tempted me to think this place was once y' bottom of y^ sea : however, 'tis certain y" stones here are not like tliose of other countrys. Tuesday, ■' Pyramid. — These " Pyramids" may Irish leacht, or pile of stones in memory of still be seen, with many more since erect- tlie dead ; generally raised on the spot ed, not " in memory of burials," but to where some sudden or accidental death clear the fields of stones. They have been occurred. This ancient practice is still mistaken by Dr. Molyneux for the ancient observed. Journey to Conncni(fhf. 171 Tuesdny, 20''' — The weather being not very fair, I stay'd at home, and writ to Dublin. Wednesday, 21^ — I went to vizit old Flaherty', wlio lives, very old, in a miserable condition at Park, some 3 hours west of Gallway, in Iliar or West-Connaught. I expected to have seen here some old Irish manuscripts, but his ill fortune has stripp'd him of these as well as his other goods, so that he has nothing now left but some lew of his own writing, and a few oldriunmish books of history printed. In my life I never saw so strangely stony and wild a country. I did not see all this way 3 living creatures, not one house or ditch, not one bit of corn, nor even, I might say, a bit of land, for stones: in short nothing appear'd but stones and sea, nor could I conceive an inhabited country so destitute of all signs of people and art as this is. Yet here, I hear, live multitudes of barbarous uncivilized Irish after their old fashions, who are here one and all in y' defence of any of their oavu or even other rogues that fly to them, against the laws of Ireland, so that here is the assylum, here are committed the most barbarous mur- ders after shipracks, and all manner of roguerys protected, that the Sheriffs of this county scar[c]c dare appear on y^ west side of Gallway bridge, which, tho' Ireland is now generally esteem'd wholly civilized, may well be call'd the end of the English pale, Avhich distinction should still have place as long as the inhabitants live with us in so open a state of nature**. , , . Having ^ Old Flaherty. — Roderick Flaherty, and ample inlieritauce. For a biograplii- the learned Author of the " Ogygia" and cal notice of this learned individual, see " History of West Connaught," edited the genealogical and historical Account of by James Hardiman, Esq., for the Irish the OFlahertys, compiled from original Archaeological Society. Here we inciden- documents, in Appcndi.x II. to History of tally discover the state of misery to which West Connaught, p. 362. this venerable man was reduced in his old " State of nature O Flaherty, in hi;. age, after the confiscation of his ancient History of West Connaught, p. 16, says Z2 72 Journey to Conìiaugìd. Having got back again safe thro' this barbarous country to Gall- way, I din'd with some of y' officers who were here quarter'd. After dinner they walk'd me round y* town and citadell : the fortifications are in better order, and seem to have more of present strength, there being a good number of brass and h'on ordinance mounted and fitt for use, than any town I saw in Ulster ; and indeed, Dubhn excepted, this is the best town taken altogether I have seen in Ireland. The houses are all built of stone, of course kind of marble", all like one another, like castles for their arch'd doors and strong walls, windows, and floors, and seem to have all been built much about the same time, after the modell, as I hear, of some town in Flanders. The inhabi- tants are most Roman Catholicks, and the trade is wholly in their hands, and indeed in all Connaught, as you go farther from Dublin, you may see the remains of Popery, yet less and less extinct than in " The inhabitants are so observant of law, that now for above thirty years of peace, there was not one body executed out of the whole territories for any transgression ; and scarce any brought to the bar for mis- demeanour." The description given by Dr. Molyneux may be contrasted with the following, from the pen of a distinguished Englishman, Sir John Harrington, the translator of Ariosto, who visited this part of Ireland more than a century before Molyneux : " They (the Iryshrie) (do appeare in the upper sorte) very kinde and hospitable to all new comers, as I did well experience in this countrie, even so much as (if my owne lands were here) I woude hazard my dwellinge with them for life. I was often well entertained, and in some sorte got ill will for speakinge in praise of their civil usage among our owne commanders, whom I often tolde that tho' I was sente oute to fighte with some, there did appear no rea- son for my not eatinge with others. I was well usede, and therefore am in dutie bouude to speake welle of the Irishrie." — • Notes and Remembrances, by Sir John Har- rington, A. D. 1599; published in hisiVtt- gce AntiqucB. Edited by Thomas Park, 8vo. London, p. 176. "^ Kind of marble. — It is a literal fact that most of the old edifices here were built of marble, as their ruins testify. Hence the ancient poet sitng of this town : " ex tluro est niarmore qmi^que ilonius." Jouriit^y to Connaughi. 173 y" other parts of Ireland. Here are 2 nunnerys, who, keeping some- what private, are conniv'd at by y"" Governour and Mayor. At y' Gates I observ'd y'' sentinells have gotten a use of taking 2 turfs from every horse that comes in with turf, allso, I hear, with herrings, (and, I believe, Avith other things) which is much more than ynoll due to y' Mayor : this greivance the officers told me they think themselves ex- cus'd from redressing till y" civill power thinks itself so injur'd as to complain, which, it seems, they don't yet. They have here 2 mass houses for one church, which is indeed a pretty modell'd one, but with little ornaments; one tomb is in it ofvery good and wellpolish'd black marble well streak'd with white, I believe from the Isles of Bofin"^, where I am told there is a good quarry of such. We saw here y' Town-house, which is built on piazzas, but has nothing re- markable, and is not yet finish'd, y^ Barracks, one in y' citadell, the other new built at another end of the town, both for foot : they hold about a regiment. Having view'd the town, I was directed where I might have a map of it', which I bought, and seems pretty exact: 'twas done at Brussells by a fryer who was born and bred in this town, and, they tell you, had been at Brussells 8 years when he made it. Thursday, 22"'' — Walk'd about the town and view'd it further. The inhabitants, I find, are all what they call English Irish, i: e: family» that came over at or soon after the Conquest, and were here settled in this strong town as a Colony against the naturall Irish of these parts, and whose posterity still live here, and with their old religion enjoy also their old })ossessio^s^ Friday, 23'.'' — Went in a !)oat down a branch of Gallway rivc-r L-all'd ■' Isles ofBofin. — Rather from tin- vi- l)rary of Trinity College, Dublin. See also cinity ofthe town, which abounds with Ilardiman's Hist, of Gaiway, p. 24. the finest black marble. f Old possessions They did not enjoy ' ^o^P of it. — A copy of tliis rare and them without interruption ; for, in a. d. curious map is preserved in the W6. Li- 1708, the year before our traveller's visit, A 174 Journey to Connaught. call'd Powley Hurly, to see the place where it enters and runs under ground, which it does for 3 miles. It enters about a mile from town, among y' rocks and stones all along the side of a hill, in one place of M-hich there is a naturall cave in y' rock, at the inward part of which, about some 6 or 8 yards in, you meet part of y' river running. The inside of this cave is all cover'd with a thick coat, of a substance much resembling chalk in colour and insipidness to tast : it swims when it falls on y" water, and seems somewhat oyly when rub'd in one's hand. We also were to see 2 Danes-forts which have caves in 'em as the one before describ'd, and I am told they are very frequently found in y' forts of this coimtry. Saturday, 24'.'' — Left Gallway about 5 in y' morning, and came, thro' a fine open champain country, to Loughree in 45 h. hard riding. Loughree is a pretty scituated wall'd town, by y' side of a fine Lough. Here are y* ruins of a fine seat of y" old Earl of Clan- rickards. All y' country between Gallway and this place is full of old castles, built, as I suppose, about the time Gallway was, that is, about the time of y* first plantation of Ireland by y'^ English after y' Conquest. [gjii ^ On y' road I saw an odd monument or pil- -iC^ lar of hewn stone, of y'annext figure, with- -'— £^B ij^ out lime or mortar. From Loughree we '"'--' --- ■^^^^''^s^ came in 4 liours more to Balynasloe, thro' y* famous village of Aghrim, where yet are seen y° ruins of y' old castle, and a few dead men's sckuUs scatter'd in y' fields, y' remains of Richard Wall, the mayor, by order of the goal, removed the market outside the walls. Privy Council, " turned all the Popish iu- and gave orders to prevent mass being said habitants out of the town and garrison, in town." — Orig. lieturn to the Council, committed all the Popish priests to the 19'.'' March l7o|. Joiinwy to Coimautjld. 175 ofy° battle^ there fought in y'' troubles. This is still a fine open country, and in some places improv'd. 2 hours more brought us home again to Killeglan. At Killeglan we stay'd again [6] days, and met with nothing more remarkable but what we had seen before. We gather'd some more ofy* sphairicall stones mention'd page y' [165.] Wednesday, y" 28'!' — We were invited to see an old altar that stands on y^ lands of Mucklon" in y° coun : of Gallway, as y' pro- prietor of y' land and y" Irish have been pleas'd to call it. It is com- pos'd of severall rude unhewn flat stones, one of 12 or 14 foot square, and about 2 fo: thick, being layd flat on some others of 8 or 9 foot high, of which there might have been some 1 5 or 20 supporting y' large one at top clear round, set edgewise on y" ground, so as to leave a hollow within, and make a sort of box of rude stones. It seems to me to have been a Danish burying place of y^ same nature with one in a Danes-mount at Knowth, in which was found a rude stone urn", which I have by me : 'tis now almost so ruin'd that one cannot readily find out its ancient position and figure, y* stones that made y' wall to support y* upper one on 2 sides being entirely ruin'd, broken and carry'd away by y^ owner of y" land for building ; nay, one of y' corners of y' upper stone is knock'd off, and y*" whole, by losing its support, is fallen at one corner to the ground, so that there is but one side lel't by which one can judge of its true scituation, and even there y"' sup- porting * Buttle. — Fought on tlie 12th of July, scribi'd, and the doscri])tion accompanied 1691, between the forces of William III. with two engravings, in Dr. Molyneux's and the Irish army of James II. Discourse concerning the Danish Mounts, ^ Mucklon Mvicklin, a village on the &c., appended to Boate's Natural Hist, of west side of the river Suck, about six Ireland. Dublin, 4to., 1755, p. 200; see miles N. E. of Ahascragh, in the county also Harris's Ware, voh ii. p. 146. A of Gralway. stone urn, bearing a close resemblance to '^ Stone Urn. — This urn, which was found it, is in the collection of the Royal Irish at Knowth, in the county of Meath, is de- Academy. 176 Journey to Connauc/Jit. porting stones are plainly struck out of their former posture ; but I am assur'd there are some living that remember it formerly standing as I judg'd it to have stood from what yet remains ; nay, y'' gentleman that shew'd it us, on whose estate it stands, told me it was much as I have describ'd it in his memory, before he broke y" stones for building. This artificiall curiosity is surrounded by as great ones of nature : it stands in y^ middle of a naturall cawsey ofvast stones, some 20 or 30 foot square, all of one height, about 2 f from y^ earth : between y' stones one may let down a cord 1 5 or 20 £ down, tho' they are not at 3 inches distances from one another ; their surfaces are not plain, but pretty smooth, with great incequalitys, protuberances, and excava- tions. There axe 3 or 4 of these Cawseys here, which are much of a sort with those at Gallway, describ'd page y' 14'? [vide p. 169]. Y' loose stones that lye here about, of which there are a great number confus'dly thrown about y* monument, are every one of them figiu-'d stones of y' kind describ'd page 7'? [vide p. 165]: I gathered up 3 or 4 of them, and brought them away, and might have taken cart loads. One stone I met here, but not of this kind, with shells in't as those at Killeglan ; even y* large stones of y^ Cawsey themselves have some of them some parts of them of this kind of stone ; nay, 2 or 3 we observ'd of about i o or 1 2 f. bigness entirely of this composition of flinty veins, as the spots on their surfaces shew'd. Here grow also in y clefts of y' rocks many herbs, rare, as I am told, and sought for far and near for medicinall uses, so that perhaps a skillfull botanist might find somewhat to employ his curiosity in this place, as well as the Antiquary or other naturalist. Friday^ 30'? — Left Killeglan to return to Dublin. Pass'd thro' BrideswelP, where is a well and chappell dedicated to St. Bridget, built > Bridesicell A village about seven ofRoscommon. This place derives its name miles W. N. W. of Athlone, in the county from a copious spring of very pure water, Journey to Coniìaugld. 177 built by an Earl of Antrim, as also a Poor house here, where some poor people are yet maintain'd by y' alms of Roman Catholicks, [thence to] Athlone, and from thence to Moat, thro' a well improv'd, well planted country, with trees and orchards, good houses, and, as I hear, English inhabitants. Sat: May y^ 1'! — Left Moat. Came to Lowtown. Here Coz. Dop- ping gave me a very odd figur'd stone. 'Tis of a yellowish brown colour, and, as he tells me, excellent limestone. In y^ surface of y^ stone are severall cilindricall protuberances, of y* bigness and colour of caterpillars, having exactly black streaks and dents across them as they have, yet perfect stone ; they lye, most, flat along y^ surface, half bury'd, not all directed one way, but scatter'd, some one way, some another ; and some run in into y"^ body of y"^ stone, and stand out a httle ; these have a hollow in their center, or else a different substance of stone from y* other parts, hke y' pith of a tree. We walk'd about, and in y' ditches here observ'd severall of this figur'd stone, but none so perfect as that he gave me. Monday, 3*? — Left Lowtown, and came to Dublin. As our Author has not mentioned the several stages of his Jour- ney in the order in which he passed through them, the following Table is given to shew the respective distances from Dubhn of such ])laces as are now post-toAvns, with the reference to the text, and the county in which each place is situated: — DISTANCE. dedicated to St. Bride, close to which is tion, from which it appears that this bath an ancient building, formerly a chapel, was " built by the Eight Honourable Sir from which a doorway leads to the well, Randal Mac Donnell, first Earl of Antrim, now converted into a bath. Over the door- 1625." — See Weld's Statistical Hist, of way there is a coat of arms, and an inscrip- Roscommon, p. 515. IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. 2 A 7S DISTANCE. 3 Statute Miles, 66i 76Ì 130 109 96 9if Journey to Connaught. PLACE. PAGE. COUNTY. . Chapellizod, 161 Dublin. Palmerstown, „ „ . Lucan, ,, „ . Leixlip, „ Kildare. Cartown, „ „ . Maynooth, „ „ Eodenstown, „ Meath. Dolenstown, „ . Kiloock, „ „ Clancurry, 162 Kildare. Royal Oak, „ Meath. Blackwater (Bridge), .... „ „ . Clonard on the Boyne, ... „ „ . Kinnigad, „ Westmeath. Lowtown, „ .... „ Gaulstown, ,, „ . Beggarsbridge, 161 „ Castleloss, 162 „ . Tyrrell's-pass, 163 „ BaUygore, „ . Moat, „ „ . Athlone, ,, „ Killeglan, 164 Roscommon. . Ballinasloe, 166 Gal way. Garbelly, ,, ,, Dungongon, 167 „ Kilconnell, 1 68 „ Kiltullagh, „ . Athenry, „ „ . Galway, 169 „ . Loughreagli, 174 , . Aughrim, „ „ . Ballinasloe, „ ,, Killeglan, „ Brideswell, 176 Roscommon. A. S. Covenant ì>eltr,Yn Mageoghegan and the Fox. 179 Art. XIII. — Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox, infh brief historical Notices of the two Families. THE following compact or covenant, which was made between INIageoghcgan, chief of Cinel-Fhiachach, or Kineleaghe, and the Fox, chief of Muinter-Thadhgain (or, as it is anglicised, Munter- hagan), on the 20th of August, 1526, is printed from the original, now in the possession of Sir Richard Nagle, Baronet, of Jamestown House, in the County of Westmeath. It is -written on a small piece of parchment, in the handwriting, as stated, of James, the son of Cairbri O'liinga, Avho was present at the making of the covenant, and who committed it to writing two days afterwards. That the reader may understand the exact nature of this covenant, it will be necessary to give here a brief sketch of the history of both families, and a description of the relative situation and extent of their territories. I. THE FAMILY OF MAGEOGHEGAN. This sept bore the tribe-name of Cinel or Kinel-Fhiachach, (anglicised Kineleaghe), which name was also applied to their terri- tory ; for the custom among the Irish was, not to take their surnames or titles from places and countries, as is usual with other nations, but to give the tribe-name of the family to the seigniory by them possessed*. This tribe name of Cinel-Fhiachach, was derived, as the ]\Iageoghegans boasted, from Fiacha, the third son of the Irish monarch Niall of the Nine Hostages ; and their claim to this high descent was allowed by King George IV., who, as shall be presently shewn, permitted the head of a branch of this family to take the name of O'Neill, in the sense of descendant of Niall of the Nine Hostages. There occurs, however, a story in the Leabhar Breac, " See Ogygia "Vindicated, p. 1 70. 2 A 2 i8o Covenant between Mayeogiieyun and the Fox. Breac, fol. 2, Si b, being a lampoon on the Cinel-Fhiachach by certain satirists, in which it is asserted that they are not descended from Fiacha, the son of the great Niall, but from a plebeian Fiacha, son of Aedh, son of Maelibressi : " O Kinel Fhiacliach behold your genealogy, Fiaclia, son of Aedh, son of Maelibressi." This lampoon enraged the tribe to such a degree, that, at a place called Rosscorr, they murdered the satirists^ although they were under the protection of O'Suanaigh, the patron saint of Rahen ; and it is added, that for this pàpujaò, or violation of the saint's protec- tion, the Cinel-Fhiachach forfeited two townlands to O'Suanaigh, which formed a part of the possessions of the church of Rahen at the time when the story was written. Shortly after the period of the English invasion, Mageoghegan was reduced to insignificance and obscurity ; but on the decay of the family of De Lacy in Meath, he became more powerful than ever he Imd been before, and was soon very troublesome to his Anglo-Irish neighbours and the government. In the year 1329 he took the field at the head of his followers in Westmeath, during the government of Sir John Darcy. The Lord Thomas Butler marched, with a con- siderable force, to check his proceedings, but was routed by Mageo- ghegan, •> Satires or lampoons of this descrip- 1713 Egan O'Rahilly wrote a lampoon on tion have been productive of much mis- an industrious farmer in Kerry, named chief in Ireland, giving occasion to family Teige DuiF O'Cronin, in which he traces feuds and various outrages. In the reign his pedigree in thirteen generations to the of James I. Teige Dall O'Higgin lam- Devil 1 This is the most outrageous satire pooned six persons of the sept of O'Hara in the Irish language, and was intended by of Leyny in the county of Sligo, who, in its author to ridicule the plebeian families retaliation, cut out the poet's tongue, and planted in Ireland by Cromwell, and such murdered his wife and child. See O'Reilly's of the native Irish as united with them in Irish Writers (Transactions of Iberno- oppressing the old Irish who were permit- Celtic Society), p. clxx. About the year ted to live on the lands of their ancestors. Covenant between MageLxjIieijan and the Fox. 1 8 1 gliegan, near Mullingar, with great slaughter. In the following year Ma- geoghegan fought the united forces of the Earls of Ulster and Ormond, but was put to flight after a spirited resistance. His Anglo-Irish neigh- bours continued theh- hostilities against him during the next century, but without much effect ; for, in the year 1449, when he was sum- moned by Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York (the father of Edward IV.), to make his submission, he was treated with such honour by that wise and conscientious prince, that Mageoghegan, who regarded this respect as the result of fear, boasted, on returning among his sept, " that he had given peace to the King's Lieutenant"." Campion has published the letter of Richard to his brother, the Earl of Shrewsbury, in which he thus complains of Mageoghegan and his associates: "Right worshipful! and with nil my heart entirely beloved Brother, I com- mend mee unto you as heartily as I can. " And like it you to wit, that sith I wrote last unto the King our soveraigne Lord his Highnes, the Irish enemy, that is to say, Magoghigan, and with him three or foure Irish Captaincs, associate with a great fellowship of English rebells, notwithstanding that they were within the King our Soveraigne Lord his power, of great malice, and against all truth, have maligned against their legiance, and vengeably have brent a great towne of mine inheritance, in Melh, called Ramore**, and other villages thereabouts, and murdered and brent both men, women, and children without mercy. The which enemies be yet assem- bled in woods and forts, waytlng to doe the hurt and grievance to the King's subjects that they can thinke or imagine," &c. &c. On this letter Campion made the following remark in 1571 ; " Of such power was Magoghigan, in those daycs, who as he wan and kept it by the sword, so now he liveth but a meane Captaine, yeelding his winnings to the stronger*." The ■^ Leland's Hist, of Ireland, V. ii. p. 35. 110 trace of a town exists. " Raniore, now Rathmore, near Athboy. " Campion's Ilistorie of Ireland, Dublin The castle and church are standing, but reprint of 1 809, pp. 1 46, and 1 48. i82 Covenaìit between Mngeogliegan and the Fox. The pedigree of Mageogliegan is thus deduced by Duald ]\Iac Firbis, from Niall of the Nine Hostages: 1. Niall of the Nine Hostages, Monarch of Ireland, killed A. D. 406 — 2. Fiacha, ancestor of the Cinel- Fhiachach, fought the battle of Drumdargie in 515, and recovered the hill of Uisneach to be a part of his territory — 3. Tuathal of the north, usually called Daimhin Dreach-airgid, i. e. the little ox of the silverj' aspect — 4. Amhalghaidh, or Awley — 5. Cosgrach 6. Eochagan, a quo Mag Eochagain 7. Inderge. — 8. Ruaidhri, or Eor}'. — 9. Amhalghaidh, or Awley 10. Gilla-Coluim. — 11. Cremthann 12. Eochaidh. — 13. Flann.. — 14. Amhalghaidh, or Awley. — 15. Murchadh, or Murrough. — 16. Donnchadh, or Donough. — 17. Congalach 18. Anluan. — 19. Cosgrach 20. Maeleachlainn. — 21. Muircheartach 22. Congalach. — 23. Cucoigriche. — 24. Cucalma 25. Muircheartach 26. Congalach Mor'. I 27. Muirchear- tacli Mor, C. K. F.s, slain 1311. Gallda, C.K. F., ancestor of the sept of Com>-iis- 29. Wilham Oge. died young, 1304. 28. Fergal, slam 1310. I 29. Fergal, C K.F.d.l355 28. Johnock, C. K. F., an- cestor of the sept of Clone, d. 1334. 29. Rorj-, d. 1368. 8. Donnchadh, C. K. F. slain 1337. 9. Fergal Roe, C. K. F., slain 1382, ancestor of the sept of NeT\'tOT\'n. 0. Laighneach, d. 1400. I Conchobbar. 29. Dermot, ancestor of the sept of Moycashel. I 30. Niall. 29. Cucogryh, Jl. Connla, C. K. F. who made the co- venant with the Fox in 1526. On an old map, made m the year 1567, pubhshed with tlie third Part e The letters C. K. F. stand for Cliief of Kinel-Fiachach, or Cmel-Fhiachach. " Ancestor of the sept of Lismoyny, of whom ConncU, the translator of the Ann. ofClonmac, was the head in 1627. f In the time of this Congalach lilor, who flourished in the thirteenth century, the family appear to have first recovered from the blow given them by the De Lacys and their followers. Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 1 83 Part of the State Papers (Ireland), the situation of Mageoghecrans country is described as follows: " M'^Eochagan's country, called Kenaliaghe, containeth in length xij myles, and in bredth 7 myles. It lyeth midway betweene the ffort of Faly [Philips- town] and Athlone, five myles distant from either of them, and also five myles distant from Molhngare, which lyeth northward of it. Tlie said M"^ Eoch- agan's country is of the countie of Westmeth, situated in the upper end thereof bending to the south part of the said county, and on the other side southward of it is O'Moloye's country. And on the south east of it lyeth OfFaley ; and on the east side joyneth Terrell's country alias Ffertullagh. On the north side lyeth Dalton's country ; and O Melaghlen's country on the west side between it and Athlone, wher a corner of it joyneth with Dillon's country." The territory of Cinel-Fhiacliach, however, originally extended from Birr, in the present King's County, to the hill of Uisneach, in Westmeath ; but subsequently the O'MolIoys and Mageoghegans, who were the principal families of the race of Fiacha, son of Niall, became independent of each other, and divided the original territory into two parts, of which O'Molloy retained the southern portion, called Feara-Ceall, and Mageoghegan the northern portion, which retained the original name of the tribe. In the year 1207, both families were nearly dispossessed by jNIeyler Fitz-Henry and the sons of Sir Hugh de Lacy, who, in this year, contended with each other for the lands of Cinel-Fhiachach, as appears from the following entry in the Annals of Clonmacnoise, translated by Connell Mageoghegan : " A. D. 1207. The sons of Hugh Delasie, with the forces of the Enghsh of Meath, laid siege to the castle of Ardinurcher, and the same continued for the space of five weeks, imtll they forced Meyler to abandon and forsake all tlie cantred of Kynaleaghe from Birr to Killare." Sir Richard Nagle, Bart., now inherits the property of the last chieftain of the Mageoghegans, from whom he is maternally de- scended. Another branch of them was removed by Cromwell to the castle 184 Covenant hehveen Mageoghegan and the Fox. castle of Bunowen, in the west of the county of Galway, where they still possess several thousand acres of mountainous land'. The last head of this family (who wrote his name Geoghegan, without the prefix Ma or Mac), conceiving a dislike to his name, because in Eng- land he found it difficult to get it correctly written or pronounced, was induced to apply to King George IV., for license to change it to O'Neill, which name he selected because it sounded well in English ears, and was one of great celebrity in Irish history; and also because he thought he had every claim to it, as the Mageoghegans were descended from Niall of the Nine Hostages, and, therefore, regarded as a branch of the southern Hy-Niall race. Tliis license was granted, and the name of this branch of the Cinel-Fhiachach is now O'Neill. Such of the famUy, however, as have remained in the original terri- tory and its vicinity style themselves Geoghegan, Gahagan, or Gegan, but there is not an indi^^dual of the race in Ireland who now writes his name Mageoghegan, according to the original and correct angli- cised form. The Abbe J. Ma-Geoghegan, who published his Histoire de Vliiandeat Paris, in 1758, was the last that retained the old name. II. OF THE FAMILY OF FOX. The family of O'Caharny, who afterwards took tlie name of Sinnach, or Fox, were originally chiefs of aU Teffia, and, previously to the English invasion, far more powerful than the Mageoghegans ; but, shortly after that event, they were subdued by the De Lacys and their followers, and reduced to comparative insignificance. The country of Teffia, of which the Fox O'Caharny had been the chief lord before Sir Hugh de Lacy's time, comprised the districts of Calry, Brawny, Cuircne, now the barony of Ealkenny \Yest, besides the lands assigned to the Tuites, Pettys, and Daltons, in Westmeath, as well For the pedigree of this branch, as tory of the Commoners of Great Britain furnished by themselves, see Burke's His- and Ireland. Covenant betireen Mageogìiegan and the Fox. 185 well as Magh-Treagha, Muinter-Gillagan, and other districts in the county of Longford ; but, for many centuries, the country of the O'Caharnys or Foxes has been confined to one small barony, namely, tlie district of Muinter-Tadhgaiu, which was formed into tlie barony of Kilcoursey, and made a part of the King's County. The following extract from a Patent Roll of Chancery (42 Eliz ) will shew the extent and subdivision of Fox's country at that period : " Hubert Foxe of Lehinchie Barony Kilcoursie alias the Foxe his country, Gent, commonly called The Foxe, chief of his name, by deed dated i May, 1 599, to express his zeal and loyalty, surrendered to the Queen all Ills estate spiritual and temporal within the whole barony and territory of Kilcourcie called Moun- terhagan or the Foxe his country, which was divided into three parts and parishes, viz. Shantway, Roaghan and Aloye, and Monterdowlan and containing 30 corcives or plowlands, part free and part chargeable, with intent that her Majesty shou'd regrant the same in tail male to him and others of his kinsmen, in accomplishment whereof and pursuant to privy seal dated at Richmond 29 January 1599. 42° f R. 8. her Majesty hereby granted the same to him and the heirs male of his body, remainder tp his nephew Brissell Foxe, son of his brother Arte and his heirs male, remainder to his uncle Owen Foxe of Lissinuskie in the said barony and county and his issue male, remainder to Pliclim Foxe of Tolghan ne Brennye said barony Gent, and bis issue male, remainder to Brissell Foxe of Kilmaledic said barony Gent, son of Neile Foxe, who died lately in the Queen's service, and his issue male, to be holden by knight's service in capite by the 20"' part of a knight's fee and the ancient service of 4 footmen at every general Hosting yearly as he and his ancestors were accustomed to bear, with power, during his life, to keep once a month a Court Baron, and twice a year a Court Leet within any part of the said barony before himself or his Sub- Seneschal, and hereby appointing him Seneschal thereof, and to appoint depu- ties under him, and a power of alienation to him and his successors, according to the said limitations." The O'Caharnys or Foxes are descended from Maine, the fourth son of the monarch Niall of the Nine Hostages. The following line lUISII ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. 2 B q^ i86 Covenant beticeen Mageoghe- tance to the north of Knockdrin Castle, about two miles and a quarter to the north- east of the town of MuUingar, in the county of Westmeath. Page 211, line 24. Druim-mor — i. e. dorsum magnum, now Dromore, a townland in the barony of Clonlonan, in the county of Westmeath. Page 212, line 8. Baron of Dealblina — i.e. the Baron of Delvin, who was the chief of the Nugents of Westmeath. Page 212, line 12. Bakathatruim — in Irish òriile ùrci Cpuim, i.e. the town of the ford of Trim, now the town of Trim, in Meath. Page 212, line 15. Mac Hubert of Disert- Kelly He was the head of a branch of the Burkes, seated in the parish of Disertkelly, or, as it is now corruptly called, IsertkeUy, to the south- west of Loughrea, in the county of Galway. Sec map to Tribes and Customs of Hy- Many, on which the position of this parish is shewn. A. Ì). 272 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 '" 1468. A. D. 1445. Page 212, line 16. 0-NoUealla. — This is also called Tir-Oilealla, and the translator is perfectly cor- rect in adding " corrupte Tirerel." It is now written Tirerrill, and is the name of a barony in the county of Sligo. See map to Genealogies, &c., of Hy-Fiachrach. Page 212, line 25, 26. Glinn-fearna — i. e. the Alder Glen. This is the name of a beautiful glen in the parish of Cloonclare, and extending to the head of Lough Mac Nean, in the barony of Rossclogher and county of Leitrim ; and the name, which is not that of a parish or townland, is preserved on modern maps through the good taste of the proprietor, Charles Tottenham, Esq., who, instead of seeking for a fancy name in France, Spain, or Italy, has called his house Glenfarne Hall, which will preserve the ancient name of this beautiful glen for ever. Page 212, line 28. The Biianaid — now anglicised Bonet, a river in the county of Leitrim, which has its source in Lough Glenade, flows through the village of Lurganboy, and discharges itself into Lough Gill at its south-east extremity. Page 212, last line. Mac Baitin — This, which is more usually anglicised Mac Wattin, was an Irish surname assumed by the head of the Barretts of Tirawley, in the county of Mayo. Page 2 1 3, line 4. Coill-an-Chonny — now Killyconny, a townland in the parish of Kilconreragh, barony of Moycashel, and county of Westmeath. The Four Masters have omitted several of the entries given by Dudley Firbis under this year (1445), all which are specified by the Editor in his edition of the Annals of the Four Masters, p. 942, note ^, to p. 945. A. D. 1446. Page 213, line 22. An Eclipse. — This is not noticed iu the Annals of the Four Masters. Page 213, line 23. Balibogain, — in Irish òaile u! òhogàin, i.e. O'Bogan's town, now Ballyboggan, a village in the barony of Moyfenrath, in the south-west of the county of Meath, about three miles to the south of Clonard. A priory was founded here for canons of the order of St. Augustine, in the twelfth century, by Jordan Comin, under the invoca- tion of the Holy Trinity.— See Ware's Monast. and Archdall's Monasticon. A. D. The Aìinaitì of Inland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 273 A. D. 1446. Pa<^e 213, line 27. Balimotta. — In Irish òaile an moca, i. e. the town of the moat, now Ballymote, a small town in the barouy of Corran and county of Sligo. Here are to be seen the ruins of a large castle built by Richard Burke in the year 1 300, and the ruins of a Franciscan friary founded by the Mac Donoughs. This is the place where the cele- brated MS. called the Book of Ballymote was compiled towards the close of the four- teenth century. Parie 213, line 28. O-Baniel. — Now O'Donnell. Dr. William O'DouulU, Archbishop of Tuam, and translator of the New Testament into Irish, anglicised his name simply William Daniel. Page 213, liiie 30. Maghnissy. — It appears from the Composition between Queen Elizabeth and tlie Lords and Chieftains of Connaught in the year 1585, that Magh Nisse, or, as it is there anglicised Moynyshe, was a general name for the upper or southern half of Mac Eannall's country in the county of Leitrim, and that it comprised fifty quarters and a half of land belonging to the race of Ir Mac Rannall and to the O'Mulvies See Chorographical Description of H-Iar Connaught, Appendix, p. 349. Page 2 1 4, line i . Dun-Jomdhan. — Now Dunamon, on the river Suck, in the barony of Ballimoe and county of Galway. Page 214, line 2. Conmaicny Cidy-tola This territory is now comprised in the barony of Kilmaiue, in the south of the county of Mayo. — See Genealogies, Tribes, &c., of Hy-Fiachrach, p. 487, and the Map to tliat work. Page 214, line 3. Niall Simiach King of Teaffa-men—x.^. Niall Fox, chief of the men of Teffia.— See Covenant between Mageoghcgan and the Fox, unte^ p. 186. Page 214, line 5. 0-ffcelan. — This was the tribe-name of the O'Broins, or O'Byrnes of Leinster, who were originally seated in the north of the county of Kildare, but at the period of which we are now treating they were seated in the mountains of Wicklow, in the dis- trict now called Eanelagh See Inquisition taken at Wicklow on the i8th of Decem- ber, 1617. The name Dublung O-Brun is here a mistake for DubhlangO'Bruin, which would be now anglicised Dowling O'Byrne, or Dowling Byrne, without the prefix O'. IRISU AllCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. 2 N A. D. 274 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. A. D. 1446. Page 214, line 11. Mont-tara. — By this is intended Mount Tara, or the hill of Tara, near Navan, in the county of Meath. The Irish is given by the Four Masters as follows: no ceijoip appche CO cfmpaij bub ruuio, -\ co cul maije clapaij poip, and his forces used to go to Tara northwards, and to Cul Maighe-Claraigh eastwards. Cul Maighe-Claraigh was the name of a townland in the parish of Magh-Claraigh, or, as it is now anglicised, Moyclare, in the barony of Dunboyne and county of Meath. Page 214, thic ly. Clann-moris of the Bryes. — In Irish Clann mhuipip na m-6pi. — These were a tribe of the Fitzgeralds, seated in the present barony of Clanmorris, in the county of Mayo. Their chief had his castle at Bryes, or Brees, in the parish of Mayo, in this barony ■ See Genealogies, Tribes, &c., of Hy-Fiachrach, p. 482, and the map to that work. Page 215, line 4. Acadh-airend. — Now Aireanach, anglice Erinagh, a townland in O'Hanly's country, near the old abbey of Clontuskert, in the county of Roscommon — See Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, p. 5, note '', and the map to the same work. Page 215, line 15. And O-Kelli/ at once with Jomhar his son so that Maneach-men icere defeated. — This is intended for, "And O'Kelly was along with the son of Ivor, bnt the men of Hy-Many were defeated." Page 215, lines 18. llie onelg man of his own age and country {viz. of the Tuathas) that icas nio.'it praysed This is a closely literal translation of the Irish an caen peap oia aoip -\ bia cip pein ap mo po molao. For the exact extent of the Three Tuathas of Con- naught, of which O'Hanly was sometimes the chief, see map to Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, where these three districts are shewn on the west side of the river Shan- non, and under the names of cinel boBcha, copca achlann, and cip bpiuin na Sinna. Page 215, line 25. Muintir-Radhuihh. — This was the tribe-name of the Blageraghtys, who were at this period situated in the Plain of Connaught ; but they were soon after removed, for in 1585 they were found by Inquisition to be in the barony of Athlone, in Hy- Many. Page 215, line 26. Ttdach-y-Moilhrenyn This should be Teallach-y-Ma;lbrenyn, which means the family The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 275 family of O'Mulrenin, who were seated in the parish of Baslick, near Ballintobcr, in the county of Koscommon. A. D. 1446. Paffe 215, line 27. Balintobair — Now Ballintobcr, a small village in the county of Eosconimon, at which are the ruins of a magnificent castle erected by the 0"Conors; but in what exact year has not as yet been determined. Page 215, line 29. Jochtar-Connackt — i.e. the lower or northern part of the province of Connaught. It is still popularly called in English " Lower Connaught." Paye 216, line 4. Fidhnacha Now Fenagh, in the baruny and county of Leitrini. There was a mo- nastery erected here in the sixth century by St. Caillin, and there are still some curious ruins at the place. Page 2 1 6, line 1 7. Loch-duff. — There are five loughs of this name in the county of Westmcath. The one here referred to is probably the Loch-Dubh, or Black Lough, situated in the to'wnland of Clonnikilvant, parish of Eathconnell, barony of Moycashel and Maghera- dernon. — See the Ordnance map of Westmeath, sheet 20. The other loughs of this name are shewn on sheets 4, 8, 13, and 38. Page 216, line 18. 0-Cohlhy. — In Irish O'Cobraij, mnv always Cofiey, without the prefix O'. Page 2 1 6, line 1 9. Cro-inis ofLoch-Ainin-fitz-Kemhy In Irish Cpo-iniy Coca Qmninn riiic Heiiiiiò, now Crowinish, situated in the north-west part of Loch Ainnin, anglice Lough Ennell, or Belvidere Lake, near MuUingar, in the county of Westmeath. For some account of the fabulous origin of the name Loch Aimiinn mhic Neimhidh, tlie reader is referred to the Book ofLecan, foh 261, a, b ; to Keating's History of Ireland (Halliday's edition), p. 176; and to O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part III. c. 6. Page 216, line 25. Clan-feorais. — This was an Irish tribe-name of that sept of the Berminghams who were seated in the barony of Carbury, in the north-west of the county of Kildare. A. D. 1447. Page 217, line 2. Besides her own mother. — The Irish, as given by the Four Masters, is " jenmoca 2 N 2 u macaip 276 Tìie Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. a tnaraip buDoein," and means here, except her own mother. But jenmoca, like the 'LaXm prceter, sometimes means except, and sometimes besides: and the English besides is sometimes found used in this sense in old authors. A. D. 1447. Page 217, li)ie 6. Killaic/ii/.—lji Irish cill acuiò, now Killeigh, a village in the barony of Geshill, in the King's County, about four miles to the south of Tullamore. Here are some remains of a great abbey erected by O'Conor Faly, and a holy well dedicated to the two Sinchells, the patron saints of the place. Page 217, line i6. Castle Carhry Now Castlecarbury, a great castle now in ruins at a village of the same name in the barony of Carbury and King's County. Page 2 1 7, line 20. Ruffa, or Ruhha, now Rowe. — This was a woody district, containing a castle, in O'Melaghlin's country, in the county Westmeath. See Inquisition taken at Mullin- gar, on the 15th of March, 1663, from which it appears that Hugh Mac Laghlin (cor- ruptly for O'Melaghlin) was possessed of the town and lands of Rowe, in the parish of Killare, barony of Eathconrath, and county of Westmeath. — See also the Ordnance Map of the county of Westmeath, sheet 24. Page 217, last line. The country called Angaly. — This, which is called in Irish Qn jaile, and usually anglicised Annaly, comprised the entire of the present county of Longford. Page 2 1 8, line 1 3. Silmuiredhy — In Irish Sil muipeaòaij, i. e. Race of Muij-eadhach. This was the tribe-name of the O'Conors and their correlatives in the county of Roscommon, and became the name of the country of the O'Conors in the Plain of Connaught. Its extent is preserved in the deanery of Silmurry. Page 218, line 27. Conala — i. e. the Priory of Conuell, near the river LiiFey, in the County of Kil- dare. — See Ware and Archdall's Monasticons. Page 218, line 27. The Barron of Calatrym, — i. e. Hussey, Baron of Galtrim, in Meat!). Page 219, line 4. Maigh-aird — The Editor has not been able to find any place of this name in the county of Kilkenny, or in any part of the ancient Ossory. The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 277 A. D. 1447. Page 219, line 14. Teagh-miirry — i- e. St. Mary's Abbey at Trim, in Meath. A. D. 1448. Page 219, line 23. Durmy-Colum-Kille. — In Irish Dupitiaj Coluim ciUe, i. e. the oak-plain of St. Columbkille, now Durrow, in the King's County, where a famous monastery was erected by St. ColumkUle before he went to Scotland. — See Adamnan ; Ussher's de Primordiis — pp. 690, 691; and Britanicariim Ecdesiarum Antiquitates — London, 1687, p. 361. Page 219, line 27. Kill-conla — i. e. St. Conla's church, now Kilconly, a church and parish in the barony of Dunmore, and county of Galway. Page 219, line 28. Ath-Leatliyn In Irish ar learan, or bade ara learain, now Ballylahan, in the barony of Gallen, and county of Mayo. This was a town of considerable importance, belonging to the famUy of Mac Jordan de Exeter ; but it is now a mean hamlet of no interest. Page 219, liiie 30. O-Lnclilynn of Doirnn — i. e. O'Loughlin ofBurren, a barony in the north of the county of Clare. Page 220, line 1. Kilkuliiut. — In Irish ciU cuiUinn, now Kilcullen, in the county of Kildare. Page 220, line i. Castle-martine. — Now Castlemartin, the seat ofW. H. Carter, Esq., near Kilcullen, in the county Kildare. Page 220, line 13. Crich-roisdeach — Cpioc Roipoeach, i. e. Roche's country, or the barony of Fer- moy, in the north of the county of Cork. Page 220, line 18. KiUculy-gilinny. — In Irish, as written by the Four Masters, ceuU ci'iile Silmne, now KiUcooley, a parish in the barony and county of Roscommon. Page 220, line 28. Tuhky — Now Tulsk, a village in the plain of Machaire-Choniiacht, to the south of Elphin, in the county Roscommon. A. D. 278 Tìie Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443^0 1468. A. D. 1448. Page 221, line 3. Liiiiii/ — Cuijne, now the barony of Leyny, in the county of Sligo. Page 221, line 5. Curann-men, — i. e. the inhabitants of the barony of Corran, in the county of Sligo. Page 221, line 18. Longford- 0-ffeargail. — Now the town of Longford, which was the chief seat of O'Farrell, in tlie county of Longford. Page 221, line 22. Cu-Coigrichy 0-mcelmoy. — Would be anglicised Cucogry, or Peregrine O'Molluy. The name O'Duinn is now anglicised Dunne. Page 221, line 25. Tirtuahyl. — Cip Cuarail, now Tirhuahill, a district supposed to be co-extensive with the parish of Kilronan, in the north-east of the county of Roscommon ; but it was anciently much larger. Page 222, line 3. Drumda-ethiar. — Dpuim Da eciap, i. e. dorsum duonim doimoniim, now Droma- haire, a village in a barony of the same name in the county of Leitrim. Page 222, line 7. Corcachlann. — Mac Branan's country, a territory in the east of the county of Ros- common, comprising the parishes of Bumlin, Kiltrustan, Cloonfinlough, and the western half of the present parish of Lissonuffy, which portion was anciently called the parish of Templereagh See Inquisition, 34 Eliz. Page 222, line 8. Dum/ia-Sealga onMagh-ay. — Duma Sealga, i. e. the mound of the chase. This mound still exists, and is situated in the townland of Cams, a short distance to the south of the vUlage of Tulsk, in the county of Roscommon. It is a green moat lying due east of Carnfree. Magh-ay, in Irish ITIa^ Qoi, was the ancient name of the Plain of Counaught, comprising the coimtries of O'Connor Don and O'Connor Roe, in the county of Roscommon. Page 221, line 15. Abbot of Blessed Trinity on Loch-Ke — i. e. abbot of the monastery of Trinity Island in Lough Key, near Boyle, in the county of Roscommon. A.D. The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 279 A. D. 1449. Page 222, line 24. Tke si'pt of Mahon 0-Reihj. — This sept of the O'Reillys was seated in and gave name to the barony of Clanmahon, south-west of the county of Cavan. Page 223, line i. Silmoelruain. — This was the tribe-name of the O'Flynns of Connaiight, and it also became the name of their territory, which comprised the entire of the parish of Kiltullagh, and part of the parish of Kilkeevin, in the west of the county of Roscommon. Page 223, line 1. Walter hoy Mac Goisdelbh, i. e. yellow Walter Mac Costello, or Costello, as the name is now always written without the Mac. Page 223, line 4. JEngus son to Mac Domnat/ll of Scotland — i. e. Angus, or /Eneas, son of Mac Don- nell, or Mac Dunald, of Scotland. Page 223, line 15, 16. Cluan-corr. — Now Clooncor, in the parish of Ogulla, barony and county of Ros- common. Cluain Conny. — Now Clooncunny, in the parish of Elphin in the same barony. Droygnen. — Now Drinan, a townland in the same parish and barony. — See the Ordnance map of the county of Roscommon, sheets 22, 23. Eden-na- Creggcy Now Eden, in the parish of Shankill, in the same barony. Page 223, line i6. 0-Conner Roes catties (kibernice Ccerycht) — i. e. O'Conor Roe's cattle (hibernicè caepuioeacc) The Ca^ruidlieacht more generally meant the shepherds of the cattle, in times of peace, and who used to drive the preys in times of war and incursions. Page 223, line 26. I-carbry. — A large territory in the county of Cork now divided into four baronies called the Carberies. Page 223, line 29. Glean-an-muiluin. — This should be Gleann-an-mhuilinn. According to Collins's pedigree of the late General O'Donovan, of Baivnlahan, Gleanii-an-nihuilinn, i. c. the glen of the mill, is a district containing twenty-eight jiloughlands, in tlie parish of Kilmeen, in Carbery, in the county oi' Cork. A.D. 28o The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 ^'^ 1468. A. D. 1449. Page 223, line 29. llemeannan. — Now obsolete, or disguised under some strange anglicised form. Puge 224, line 2. Balimudan on the banke of the Riucr Banda — i. e. Balljinodan, on the bank of the Kiver Bandon, close to the town of Bandon, in the county of Cork. Page 224, line 4. Gleann-bethy — In Irish ^l-eann òeire, i. e. glen or valley of the River Beitheach, now Glenbehy, a parish in the baronies of Iveragh, Dunkerron, and Magunihy, in the county of Kerry. P^ige 224, line 15. Balinclare — This is evidently the òaile an cluip, now Clare, in O'Conor Eoe's country, in the parish of Cloonfinlough, Ln the barony and county of Eoscommon. See the Ordnance Map of that county, sheets 28, 29. There is a Ballyclare in the parish of Clontuskert, near Lanesborough, in the same county ; and a Ballinclare Castle in the parish of Kihnacteige, barony of Leyny, and county of Sligo. See the Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 1490 (Editor's edition, p. 11 80, note '); also at the year 15 1 2, where the castle of BaUinclare, in Leyny, is referred to under the name of bel un claip. Page 225, line 18. Sonnach. — Now Sonnagh, about six miles from Mullingar, the seat of M. H. Tuite, Esq., the head of a branch of the Tuites of Westmeath. A. D. 1450. Poge 225, line 22. Tuaraha. — In Irish Cuac para. A territory in the county of Fermanagh, comprised in the present barony of Magheraboy. Page 225, line 30. Chief Dan-maker — i. e. a poem-maker, or macker, as the Scotch call a poet. Page 226, line 2. Rath-quary — This should be Rathguary, or, as the Irish is, Rar ^uaipe. The name is now anglicised RathwLre, but it is still called Rath-Ghuaire by those who speak Irish. It is situated in the parish of Killucan, Ixirony of Farbill, and county of Page 226, line 2. n Now Killucan, a small village in the same parish. Tite Annab of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 281 A. D. 1450. Page 226, line 2. Balijjortell. — Now Portelstowu, withia one mile of Rathwire. Page 226, line 3. Bally-nu-ngall-oirgkdlagh — i. e. the town of the English of Oriel. There are eight places called Ballynagall in the county of Westmeath, but none of them has the adjunct Oirghiallagh at present added. The place here referred to is most probably the townland of Ballynagall in the parish of Portnashangan, in the barony of Corkaree, which is not far from Kilbixy, the place next mentioned in the text. Page 226, line 3. KUlhiggsy — called in Irish by the Four Masters Cill òicy i^e, i. e. the church of St. Bigseach, a virgin whose festival was celebrated on the 4th of October; now Kil- bixy, in the barony of Moygoish, and county of Westmeath. This was an Anglo- Irish town of some importance, but it is not now even a hamlet. Page 226, line 6. Balimore-Locha Semdi/ — Now Ballymore-Loghsewdy, in the county of Westmeath, situated nearly midway between Athlone and Mullingar. Page 226, line 10. Belatha-glmarnaragh, — now called in Irish òèal aca glaip, and anglicised Balla- glass, or Ballyglass. It is now the name of a townland in the parisli of Mullingar, in the county of Westmeath. Page 226, line 15. Muntir Eoluis. — This was the tribe name of the Mac Eannalls, or Reynolds, and it also became the appellation of their country, which was more anciently called Magh-Rein, and comprised about the southern half of the county of Leitrim. Page 227, line 12. Mac Johnine Boiirke. — This name is anglicised Jennings. A. D. 1 45 1. Page 227, line 24. Onely besides her oicn body. — In the Dublin copy the reading is " onely besides her own body," which is intended for " except only, or only except." Page 227, line 26. The feast day of Dasinchelle in Killaichy The feast day of the two Sinchells was celebrated at Killeigh on the 26th of March, according to the Irish Calendars. IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCKL. VOL. I. 2 O A. 1). 282 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. A. D. 1 45 1. Page 228, line i. 2%« Chieftahie. — In the Dul.ilin copy the reading is " tlie chief Kins," by whioli the scribe meant the chief Kinfines, or heads of each family who professed the liberal arts. Page 228, line 20. Rath-Imayn.—ln Rac imjain, now Rathangan, a small town in the county of Kildare, on the north-east extremity of the Offaly. The rath, or earthen fort, from which this place has taken its name, is still to be seen in a field adjoining the church- yard of Rathangan, and situated to the right of the road as you go from Rathangan to Edenderry ; it is one hundred and eighty feet in diameter. Page 228, line 28. Inis Glaaire — This should be Inis Gluaire, a small island sacred to Saint Brendan, off the coast of Erris, in the north-west of the county of Mayo. — See Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiachrach, p. 492, and the map to the same work. Page 229, line 6. Silnanmckada. — This territory is nearly coextensive with the barony of Longford, in the south-east of the county of Galway — See map to Tribes and Customs of Hy- Many. Page 229, line it. Feara-tulagh. — Now the barony of Fertullagh. Page 229, line 12. SymomtOTCH. — Now Ballysimon, or Simonstown, in the barony of Fertullagh in Westmeath. Page 229, line 19. The Castle ofBalinua alias Newtowne. — Now Newtown, in the barony of Moycashel, in the county of Westmeath. According to a note in Mageoghegan's translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, at the year 1382, this castle belonged to that sept of the Mageoghegans called Sliocht-Ferall, who descended from Ferall Roe, Roe Mageoghe- gan, chief of the country of Kinel-Fiachach, who was slain in 1382. Page 229, line 24. Maghery Ctcircney. — In Irish ITIacaipe Cuipcne, now the barony of Kilkenny West, adjoining the River Shannon in Westmeath. The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 283 A. D. 145 1. Page 229, line 26. Imper, now Emper, a remarkable castle near the little town of Ballynacargv. in the barony of Eathconrath and county of Westmeatli. Page 230, line 3. The lands of the Sithy. — Called Peapann na pire, i. e. the land of the fairy mount, by the Four Masters. This is evidently the towuland now called Sheean, and situated in Mac Keogh's country, in the parish of Taghmaconnell, in the county of Roscommon. — See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Part III. c. 21, where it is stated that sidhe means a beauti- ful hill, the fictitious habitation of the sidhe, or fairies. Page 230, line 5. Mo^c Eochy Now Keogh. The Four Masters wrote this ITIej eòcajain, i. e. Ma- geoghan, which is obviously an oversight for mac Socuòa. — See the Editor's transla- tion of the Annals of the Four Masters, p. 974, note '. Page 230, line 7. Cm-rafinny, Copuò pine. — The weir of Finnia (a woman's name), a townland in the parish of Cummer, barony of Clare, and county of Galway. — See the Ordnance map of Galway, sheet 57, and the map to The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many. Page 230, line 12. Cluain-cremha — i. e. the lawn, meadow, or insulated boggy pasturage of the wild garlick, now ClooncrafT, and sometimes incorrectly shortened to Cloonaff, a parish situated to the east of Elphin, in the county of Roscommon. Archdall supposes this to be the same as the famous monastery of Cluain-Coirpthe, founded, not by St. Patrick, as he says, but by St. Berach in the desert of Kinel-Dofa, afterwards O'Hanly's country, but he is entirely wrong. — See the Editor's edition of the Annals of the Four Masters, note ', under the year 1405, p. 783. Page 230, //«e 15. Balimore-I-fflyn. — Now Ballymore, a townland in the parish and barony of Boyle, in the county of Roscommon. This townland belonged to O'Flynn, Erenagh of Eas Ui-Fhluinn, now Assylin, near the town of Boyle (not to O'Flynn of Ballinlough); ;iiiil in an Incpiisition taken in the reign of .James I. it is called Ballynidre-Assiliu. A. D. 1452. Page 231, line 9. Kenel-moan. — This was the tribe-name of the O'Gormlys and many other correla- tive families of the Kinel-Owen race, who were originally seated in the barony ot 2 () 2 Raphoe, 284 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. Kaphoe, in the county of Donegal, but on tlie increasing power of the O'Donnells these were driven across the River Foyle, and their country was attached to Tir- connell. An old map of Ulster, made in the reign of Elizabeth or James I., and pre- served in the State Papers' Office, shews the country of O'Gormly as extending along the east side of the Foyle from near Dorry to Strabane. A. D. 1452. Page 231, line 9. Inis-eogain — i.c. Eoghan's island, now Inishowen, a well-known baronyin the north- east of tlie county of Donegal. Page 231, line 13. Corr-Sliaw-na-Seagsa. — Written by the Four Masters CoipppliaB na peajpu, now the Curlieu mountains, or, as they are more generally called, the Curlew hills, Ipng between Boyle and Ballinafad, on the borders of the counties of Sligo and Ros- common. Page 231, line 15. Vaithny. — In Irish Uaicne, a district lying partly in the county of Limerick and partly in the county of Tipperary, now the baronies of Owiiy. The castle of Uaithne was at the village of Owney, now Abington, in that part of O'Mulrian's, or Rian's, I'ountry now comprised in the county of Limerick. Page 231, line 26. David O-mordha, son to the King of Lysy, and one that ought to he King of Lysy, was slain by a fall. — This passage is given as follows by the Four Masters: " 1452. t)auiò ua mopòa mac ci^eapna luoi^'P' 00 riinpBab la heapjap. " David O'More, son of the Lord of Laoighis [Leix] was killed by a fall." Here we have Mac Firbis's authority for translating the word eapgap "a fall," which is very satisfactory, as modern Irish scholars differ so much about its Page 232, line 2. Fohhyr. — Now Fore, in Westmeath. This passage is given in Irish by the Four Masters as follows : " 1452. Coral mac LliUiam mic Sfain mic OoitinaiU 111 peapjjail do mapBciò Dupcap 5a lap lopcaò pobaip leo. " Cathal, son of William, son of John, son of Donnell O'Farrell, was killed by the cast of a dart after the burning of Fore by them \recte him]." Here Mac Firbis renders o'upcap 5a " by throwing a dart at him," and preserves the imperfection of the original construction by using they instead of he. This is a curious Tlie Annals of Ireland, froni the Year 1443 '<^ 1468. 285 curious proof that the Four Masters transcribed many entries verbatim into their text from the Annals before them. Our author's use of the perfect tense they have, for they had, is, of course, incorrect. A. D. 1452. Page 232, line 4. Cluain- Cm-pet/. — All our topographical writers have mistaken the situation of this celebrated monastery. It is written Cluciin coippci by the Four Masters. In the Feilire Aengids, at the 15th of February, it is described as i noirpiB cenel ooBca 1 cconnaccaiB, i. e. " in the desert or wilderness of Kinel-Dofa in Connaught." In a marginal note in an autograph copy of the Annals of the Four Masters, preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, ad. ann. 1405, O'Flaherty adds, from O'Mulconry's Annals, that Cluain-Coirpthe is situated " In margine Sinanni Jfiwii." The place is still well known to the natives of Slieve Baune, in the east of the county of Roscommon, who point out the ruins of St. Barry's monastery in a cluain, or bog- island, in the townland of Kilbarry, near the brink of the Shannon, in the parish of Termonbarry, in the desert of Kinel-Dofa, or O'Hanly's country. Archdall, and from him all the topographical Irish writers to the present day, have asserted that Cluain Coirpthe, where a monastery was founded by St. Berach in the sixth century, is the church of ClooncraiF, which Archdall places in the barony of Athlone, in the county of Roscommon, but this assertion, which has led so many astray, involves a double error, for Cluain-Coirpthe is not ClooncrafF, nor is ClooncraiF in the barony of Ath- lone. — See the Editor's edition of the Annals of the Four Masters, at the years 1238, p. 294, and 1405, p. 783, where Cluain-Coirpthe is proved to be Kilbarry in Ter- monbarry, on the brink of the Shannon; and at the year 1488, p. 1157, where it is proved that Clooncraff, lying to the east of Elphin in the barony of Roscommon, in .Mac Branan's country, is the place called by the Annalists Cluain-Creamha, i.e. the nieailow, or pasturage, of the wild garlic, which was one of St. Finncn's churches. Page 232, line 14. Ath-fir-dia-fitz-Daman—C&Wtà by the Four Masters baile dia pipoia mic Oamam, i. e. the town of the ford of Ferdia, son of Daman, now the town of Ardee, in the county of Louth. — See Ussher's Primordia, p. 867, and O'Flaherty 's Ogijgia, Part iii. c. 47, p. 280. Page 232, line 17. The Castle ofLegey. — Caiplen lei je, i. e. the castle of Ley, or Lea. The ruins of this great fortress, which was built in the thirteenth century by the Fitzgeralds, and afterwards wrested from them by the O'Dempseys, is situated near the road, on the right Ijank of the river Barrow, in the barony of Portnahinch, about three miles to the west of Monastereven, and one mile to the south of Portarlington. A. D. 286 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. A. D. 1452. Page 232, line 19. Aireamk — This name, which is anglicised Erriff, andErrew, in other parts of Ire- land, is now obsolete in Clanmaliere, but it is given on an old map of Leix and OfFaly, made in the reign of Philip and Mary, and preserved in the British Museum as "Irray," and shewn as near the Barrow. There is another place called Erry in the parish of Kilbride, barony of Kilcoursey, and King's County. — See the Ordnance map of that county, sheet 8. Page 232, line 20. I'ffO'^yi 'J' pQ'^S^ — -A. large territory in Leinster, which originally comprised the baronies of eastern and western Ophaly, in the county of Kildare, those of Portnahinch and Tinnahinch in the Queen's County, and that portion of the King's County included in the diocese of Kildare and Leighlin. — See Battle of Magh Eath, note ', pp. 243, 244. Shortly aft£r the English invasion, however, the Fitzgeralds of Kildare wrested from O'Conor Faly and his correlatives that portion of his original territory of Ui-Failghe, comprised in the present county of Kildare. There were then two Offalys formed out of the ancient Ui-Failghe, namely, the English Ophaly in the county of Kildare, giving the title of Baron to a branch of the Fitzgeralds, and the Irish Ui-Failghe, extending into the present King's and Queen's Counties, and giving the Irish title of King of Ui-Failghe to O'Conor, the senior representative of Rossa Failghe, the eldest son of Cahir More, Monarch of Ireland, in the second century. Page 232, line 23. Magk-hregmany . — This is to be distinguished from the barony of Breaghmhaine, or Brawney, in the county of Westmeath, with which it has been confounded by some modern writers. Magh-Breaghmhaine, anglicised Moy-brawne, is the name of a well- known district in the county of Longford, comprised principally in the barony of Shrule, but extending also into the baronies of Ardagh and Moydoe. According to an Inquisition taken at Ardagh on the 4th of April, in the tenth year of the reign of James I., that portion of fhe territory of IMoybrawne, comprised in the barony of Shrule, contains the townland of Barry, and twenty-three other denominations speci- fied in this lucjuisition, and which retain their names to the present day. Page 232, line 23. The castle of Barrca, called caiplen òappca by the Four Masters, now the castle of Barry, lying in ruins near the small village of the saiue name in the parish of Taghshinny, in the barony of Shrule and county of Longford. This was the head castle of Moybrawne. A. D. The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 287 A. D. 1452. Page 232, line 26. Mugli-mant/, ITIaj maine, i. c. the plain of Maine. It appears from a manuscript account of O'Reilly's country, preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, H. I, 15. that this district is on the east side of Lough Sheelin, in the barony of Clan- mahon, in the county of Cavan. Page 232, line 27. Maglieri/'Oiyiall, tTlacaipe Oipjiall, i. 0. the jilain of Oirgiall. This territory comprised the level part of the county of Louth. Page 233, line 24. The Crannog of Logh-lesey, cpanno5 loca leipe, i.e. the wooden house of Lough Leise. This name is not remembered in the country at present, but there are various evidences to shew that Loch Leise was the old name of Muickenagh Lough, which divides O'Hanly's country from Tir-Briuin-na-Sinua, in the east of the county of Roscommon. In this lough, not far from the old church of Kilglass, there is a small island called Ppiopun a' DuBulcai j, i. e. Dudley's prison, on which Dubhaltach, or Dudley O'Hanly, is said to have had a prison. Page 234, line i. Mac ffeorg Laighnagh, i.e. Mac Feorais, or Bcrmingham, of Leinster, i.e. Ber- mingham of Carbury in the county of Kildare. Page 234, line 4. Tegh-muiia, ^eac \X\ur\na, i.e. St. Munna's house, now Taghmon, a townland containing the ruins of a castle in a parish of the same name, in the barony of Moy- cashel and Magheradernon in the county of Westmeath. — See the Ordnance map of that county, sheets 12 and 13. Page 234, line 8. Mothar, now Moher, near Ballymahon, in the county of Longford. Page 234, line 10. Bali-atha-an-vraghgr, baile aca an upcuip, now Ardnurchcr, alias Horselcap, in the barony of Moycashel in Westmeath. Page 234, line I 1. Bel-an-Atlia-SijIuis.—Mo\Hh of the ford of the light. This was near the hill of Uisneach in Westmeath. Kenel-Enda was the name of a small territory in Kinel Fiachrach, abutting on the hill of Uisneach See O'Flaherty's Ogggia, Part III. c. 85. A. D. 288 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. A. D. 1452. Page 234, line 26. Leaccahi of the Rubha, a hill in tlie townland of Eowe, in the barony of Rathcon- rath in "Wustmeath. Page 235, line 6. Killed hi/ a fall. — Here is another instance of Mao Firbis translating the Irish word eupjup by " a fall." The Irish is given by the Four Masters as follows : 1452. òpiun mac an calBaij ui concoBaip 1 maipjpeije do rriapbao lu lieapjap. Page 235, line 10. Balicollyfoicer. — This name occurs twice in the Annals of the Four Masters, namely, at the year 1409, where it it is written, baile coiUce po^aip, and at 1452, where it is written baile coiUe pojaip, of which latter form Balicollyfower is an anglicising. The place is still called baile cotUe po^aip by those who speak Irish, but it now anglicised Castlefore, which is applied to a small village in the barony and county of Leitrim, which, according to tradition, was the seat of a branch of the O'Duigennans, who kept a bardic school there in ancient times. Page 235, line 27. Many good peeces on it. — The meaning of this is obscure, but it is quite evident that it alludes to the price obtained for it. It is not in the Annals of the Four Masters. A. D. 1453. Page 236, line i. Conmacne de TJinunore, now the barony of Dunmore, in the north of the county of Galway. — See map to Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, Page 236, line 12. ArdglassTf, called Qp& jlaipi by the Four Masters under this year, now Ardglass, a well-known village in the south of the barony of Lecale, in the county of Down. Page 236, line 14. The skippers of the Britons. — The Irish, as given by the Four Masters, is more intelligible than this translation. For the skippers of the Britons they give loin^eap coccaiD DO bpiocaineacaib, a war fleet of the Britons. Leland, in his History of Ireland, book iii. c. 2, quoting Mac Firbis's Annals, asserts that the Archbishop of Dublin was made prisoner on this occasion by the O'Nialls, who, " having intelligence of some English vessels sailing from the port of Dublin, fitted out a fleet of barks, attacked them in their passage, rifled them, made the passengers their prisoners, among whom was the Archbishop of Dublin, and returned laden with their spoil, and exult- ing The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 ^" 1468. 289 ing in their success." But he has totally mistakeu tlic meaning of the passage as translated by Mac Firbis. The fact was, that the Archbishop of Dublin was taken prisoner by Welsh pirates, and that the Dublin fleet who went in pursuit of them put in at Ardglass, where they assisted the Savadges in a battle fought against the son of O'Neill of Clannaboy. — See the Editor's translation of the Annals of tlie Four Masters, note ', p. 986. A. D. 1453. Pafic 236, line 20. huKUjh. — Ui 6arac, dat. pi. UiK 6arac, now Iveagh, in the county of Down. A. D. 1454. Pacje 237, iiia' i. Magranyll {anglice Reynolds) — This shews that the Mac Kannalls of the county of Leitrim had anglicised their name to Reynolds at an early period. Page 237, line 12. In Ids givves. — The Irish, as given by the Four Masters, is hi ccuiBpeac, but they more frequently use the word 1 na j^eirhltlS for the " in his givves" of Mac Firbis. Page 237, line 17. Since Ludh lanioda cast the tatiduibh. — This observation is omitted by the Four Masters. It alludes to a passage in the Second Battle of Moyturey, where Lugh Lamlifhada, or Looee of the Long Hand, King of the Tuatha de Dananns (A. M. 2764), killed his maternal grandfather, Balor Bemeann of Tory Island, who was of the Fomo- rian race, by a cast from a crann tabhuill, or sling, by which he destroyed his eye, which was fabled to have had the power of turning men into stones, like the head of Medusa. This story, which is alluded to by O'Flaherty in his Ogggia, Part III. c. 13, is still told on Tory Island, and on the adjacents of Donegal, where they retain vivid traditions of Balor, and his grandson Lughaidh of the Long Hand. Page 238, line i. Thomas fitz John fitz Meyler dexter — i. c. Thomas, son of John, son of Meyler de E.xeter. This family is now called Jordan ; they were chiefs of Ath-leathan, now Bally- lahan, in the barony of Gallon and county of Mayo. Page 238, line 7. Fer-Kell. — A territory in the now King's County, comprising the baronies of Fir- call, Ballycowan, and Ballyboy. It was the most southern territory in the ancient Meath, and its southern boundary is still preserved in that of the diocese of Meath. IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCEI.L. VOL I. 2 P A. D. 290 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. A. D. 1454. Page 238, line 13. I-Riagans. — This was the tribe-name of the O'Dunnes of Duthaidh-Eiagain, now the barony of Tinnahinch, in the Queen's County, where the chief of the O'Dunnes, Major Francis Dunne, of Brittas, a member of the Irish Archaeological Society, the son of the late General Dunne, enjoys a considerable tract of the ancient territory. Page 238, line 25. KiUmantan. — Cill mancain, i. e. Ecclesia sancti Ma7itani. This is the ancient and present Irish name for the town of "Wicklow. Ussher states in his Primordia, p. 846, that the place which Giraldus Cambrensis calls Wykingelo, and the English AVicklo, is called by the Irish Kilmantan. It should also be remarked, that Conccie ChiUe manccnn is still the Irish name for the county of Wicklow. Page 238, line 29. Clann Keherm/es This is still the name of a well-known district in the parish of Kilkeevin, near Castlerea, in the west of the county Eosoommon. See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 46, where the author states that the territory anciently called Kerry-ai, was called Clann-Ketherin in his own time. Page 239, line 3. (Scor-wor.— Now Scurmore, a townland on the east of the Eiver Moy, opposite the island of Bartragh, in the barony of Tireragh, and county of Sligo. — See Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiachrach, p. 497, and the map to that work. This name is incorrectly written Stormor by ArchdaU, who places it in Tirawley. Page 239, line 9. Diocfpsis Aladensis — i. e. the diocese of KiUala. A. D. 1455. Page 239, line 25. Escaped out of his giimes — i.e. escaped from prison or from fetters. The Irish as given by the Four Masters is as follows : " 1455. Gnpi mac ui NeiU Buiohe 00 cocc a\- a gfiriiel 6 jallaib." Page 239, line 29. The Castle of Sraide — i. e. the castle of the street. This castle, which was other- wise called Caislen Muighe Breacraighe, and Caislen Sraide Muighe Breacraighe, stood at the small village of Street, in the barony of Moygoish, and county of Westmeath. A. D. The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 291 A. D. 1456. Page 2-^1) Jast line. Ariagk. — Qipceac, a territory. A district comprising the parishes of Tibohiue and Kilnamanagh, in the old barony of Boyle (now Frenchpark), in the County of Eoscommon — See map to Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many. Page 240, line 4. Clann-JEdha of the mountaine — i. e. the race of Hugh of the IMountain. This was the name of a sept of the O'Farrells seated in the barony and county of Longford, at the foot of the mountain now called Carn-Clanhugh. The exact extent and townlands contained in this territory are given in an Inquisition taken at Ardagh on the 4th of April, in the tenth year of the reign of James I. Page 240, line 5. Lord of the woods — i. e. of the woods called Coilte Choncobhair. This was the name of a woody district situated between the rivers Feorish and Arigna, in the north-east of the barony of Boyle, in the county of Roscommon. The woods of this district are she\vn on an old map made by L. Browne in the reign of James I., of which there is a copy in the MS. Library of Trinity College, Dublin. A. D. 1457. Page 24c, line 1 1. Dux of Clann-amhj o-ffeargal. — Called by the Four Masters ci jeupna clainne haih- laoiK ui peapjail. Lord of the Clann Auliffe O'Farrell. The territory belonging to this sept of the O'Farrells is included in the present barony of Moydoe, in the county of Longford. For its exact extent, and the townlands therein comprised, the reader is referred to an inquisition taken at Ardagh, on the 4th of April, in the tenth year of the reign of James L A. U. 1458. Page 240, line 13. Magh. Liigrg-Ai-tagh-and Tirtuahayl. — In Irish ITIaj luipj, Qipceuc, and Cip Cuu- cail. These territories are all included in the old barony of Boyle, in the county of Roscommon, and still retain their names : Airteach is the western portion ; Tir-Tuathal, now TiruahUl, the north-eastern ; and Moylurg, the level portion, now commonly called the plains of Boyle. Corran, the other territory, which belonged to Mac Der- niot at this period, is the present barony of Corran, in the county of Sligo. Page 240, line 25. Chalier thegreate — i. e. Cacaoip mop, or Cahir the Create, monarch of Ireland of the Leinster race, A. D. 1 74. lie is the ancestor of O'Conor Faly, O'Dempsey, O'Dunne, and of most of the chieftains of Leinster. 2 P 2 A. D. 292 The Annals oflniand, from the Year 1443 to 1468. A. D. 1458. Page 2^1, line 3. For his formositie, Sfc. — The Irish of this passage is given by the Four Masters as follows : 1458. Gmann a biipc ci'5enpna jail connacc -] mopuin Da jaoioecilaiB, aon po^a gall ©peonn cip oelB, ap Dènaiii, ap einecic, ap uaiple, ap icc, -| a]\ pipmne 1 n&eipfo na bliaona po. Here it will be observed that Jlac Firbis translated from a text different from that furnished by the Four Masters in words and arrangement : oelB -| oenatii would be very well translated by " formositie and proportion of person;" uaiple, by " gentilitie of blood;" eineac, by " hospitalitie ;" and pipinne, by "truth;" but the Four Masters have no word corresponding with the martial feats of Mac Firbis [which woiild be jaipcfo, or earignaTTi], nor has he a word to correspond with their icc, which means " clernenaj.^'' A. D. 1460. Page 241, line 13. Moyn. — In Irish mai^in, now Moyne, in the barony ofTirawley, and county of Mayo. The remains of this beautiful and extensive building are still to be seen on the west side of the River Moy near its mouth, about a quarter of a mile from the road leading from Ballina to Killala. Page 241, line 20. Lis-ard-Anla, — iTopaipo-abla, i. e. the fort of Apple-hill, now Lisardowlin, a town- land in the parish of Templemichael, in the county of Longford, about three miles to the west of the town of Longford. Near its centre there is a curious moat and rampart, from which, no doubt, it derived its name. Page 241, line 28. Corca-Baskt/n, Copca Baipcinn, pronounced Corca-Vaskin, a territory comprising the baronies of Moyarta and Clonderalaw, in the south-west of the county of Clare. Page 242, line 7. Argadgleann, aipjfDjlionn. — There is now no place bearing this name in the ter- ritory of Tir-Tuathail, or in its vicinity. It was probably the name of the vale of the river Arigna, which forms for some miles the boundary between the counties of Sligo and Leitrim ; but this is not certain. — See the map to Genealogies, Tribes, and Cus- toms of Hy-Fiachrach. A. D. 1461. Page 242, line 12. Hospitalitie to all receuers of gifts. — This Irish, as given by the Four Masters, is " aoiòeaòcaipe Deccpib -] Da gac aon no pijeaò a Ifp." A. D. The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 293 A. D. 1 46 1. Pacje 242, Ihw. 19. Cnlofinii, cull 6 Bpinn — i. i-. the corner or angle of the O'Finns, now Coolavin, a barony in the south of Shgo. Page 243, line 10, Teagh-da-Condy — Called by the Four Masters cij Da coinne, but more correctly Teach Dachonna, i. e. St. Dachonna's house, in Mageoghegan's translation of the Annals Clonmacnoise under the year 1466. The name is now anglicised Tiaquin. It was first applied to a primitive Irish church, and afterwards to a castle, from which the barony of Tiaquin, in the county of Galway, received its name. l\uje 2\i,line 14. Raitk-Ha-Romanach — i. u. arx Romanormn, fort of the Romans, now Ranaro- vanagh, a townland in theparish ofKilraore, near Elphiu, in O'Beirne's country, in the east of the county of Roscommon. Page 243, line 19. Cluain {APNois-fit^-fid/ii/) — called by the Four Masters, at this year, cluain mac noif mic pioòaij, i. e. the pasturage or meadow of the swine of the son of Nos, son of Fiodliach, who was one of the sept of the Dealbhna Eathra. It is, however, more generally called by them cluain mic noip mic pioòaij. It is the name of a famous ecclesiastical establishment founded by St. Kieran in the sixth century, situated on the River Shannon, in the barony of Garrycastle, and King's County. Page 243, line 24. S. Kill — i. e. of Shankill, a parish situated immediately to the west of Elphin, in the county of Roscommon. — See Ordnance Map of that County, sheets 16, 17. Page 244, line 1. Cam-fry fitz fidhy — Called by the Four Masters Cupn Ppaotc itiic pioaij Polc- puaiD, i. e. the Carn of Fraech, son of Fiodoach of the red hair. This earn is situated in the townland of Cams, parish of Ogulla, barony and county of Roscommon, and about half a mile to the south of the village of Tulsk. — See the Dinnsenchus in the Book of Lecan, fol. 243, p. a, col. a, where the situation of this carn is distinctly pointed out. — See also the Editor's note to the Annals of the Four Masters, A.D. 1225, p. 221. Page, 224, line 3. Onafitz yEngua his sept — i. e. the Mac Branans, who were seated in the territory of Corca-Achlann, in the east of the county of Roscommon. Ona, the son of iEngus, their ancestor, was a noble Druid, and Lord of the district of Corca-Achlann in the time 294 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. time of St. Patrick, and is said to have made a present of his residence, called Imleach- Ona, then included in Corca-Achlann, to the saint, who there founded the episcopal see of Elphin See the Tripartite Life of St. Patriot, published by Colgan, lib. ii. c. 45 ; O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 79; and Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History of Ire- land, vol. i. p. 242. A. D. 1 46 1. Page 244, line 6. The halfe town of Clare — called by the Four Masters IfcBaile an claip, i. e. the half townland of Clare, now Ballyclare, a townland in the parish of Cloontuskert, in the east of the county ofEoscommon. Page 244, line 17. Drum-torlingg.—No^ Drumhurling, or Drumhurlin, in the parish of Taghmon, barony of Corcaree, and county of Westmeath — See the Ordnance Map of that county, sheet 13. Page 244, liiie 1 8. Wherein they being shooeing their horses, their army andforlorne hopes preying and burning Meath on all sides round about them, vntill it was later end of the day. — This is nearly a literal translation of a corresponding passage in the Annals of the Four Mas- ters, which runs as follows : "Òaoapfiòe aj cpaiceo a neac, -\ a pluaj -\ a pipre ace cpeaclopccaò namibe ina ccimceall co nona." Page 244, line 26. Fro)n the Lcyses. — The Four Masters have pop leoupacnib, which means from the Ledwiches. Page 244, line 27. Ethney — i. e. the river Inny. This river rises in the county of Meath, passes through Lough Sheelin, Lough Kinell, Lough Derryvaragh, and Lough L-cn, and loses its name and waters in Lough Eee, in the Shannon, a few miles to the south-west of Ballymahon, in the county of Longford. The river was considered the boundary between north and south Teffia in the time of St. Patrick. Page 244, liiw 28. Pieman — i. e. of Portloman, now Portlemon, on the margin of Lough Owel, near Mullingar See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum, p. 363; and Ussher's Primordia, p. 966. Page 245, line 7. Glanmaicny-Eogyn — Clannmaicne Go jain, now the barony of Clanmacnowen (corruptly Clonmacnoon), in the east of the county of Galway. A.D. The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 295 A. D. 1462. Pufje 246, line 3. Cluanyn — now Clooneen, in the parish of Kilglass, barony and county of Roscom- mon. See the Ordnance map of that county, Sheet 23. Page 246, line 23. Icurin — now Ikerrin, a barony in the north of the county Tipperary, anciently the country of the O'ileaghers. This was originally considered a part of north Ely, of which O'Carroll was the head chieftain. Page 2^-], line 1. Gaue lands to his cattle, and quarters to his men The Irish, as given by the Annals of the Four Masters runs as follows: 00 pao pfpann Dia cfchpaiB q comriieao cipe bia ihuincip. In this sentence coinrheao cipe, literally means '■^ the Coigng of the Country.''^ O'Farrell on this occasion billeted Mac Branan's people on the farmers of his territory. Page 247, line 4. Ardherna — i. e. the high gap. This name is now obsolete. Clancathyl, or Clann-Chathail, was the name of O'Flanagan's country, extending from Belanagare to Elphin, in the county of Eoscommon. Page 247, line 17. Port Larcjij. — pope laip^e, i.e. Lairge's port. This is the ancient and present Irish name of the city of Waterford. It seems to have been derived from a Danish chieftain, Lairge, or Larac, or, as the Danes write it, Largo, who is mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters at the year 951. The name Waterford is that which is given to the city by the Danes or Norsemen, who called it Ve^rafjiir^r, which is supposed to signify " weather-bay" or lake. Page 247, line 19. Sett Batk.—lt appears from a fragment of a copy of the Psalter of Cashel, made for Mac Richard Butler in 1450, and now preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, Laud, 610, that this battle was fought at Baile-an-Phoill, now Pilltown, a neat village belonging to the Earl of Bessborough, near Carrick-on-Suir, in the barony of Iverk, and county of Kilkenny ; and that after the battle, Mac Richard was obliged to give up to Thomas Earl of Desmond this very copy of the Psalter of Cashel, and also the Book of Carrick. — See Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. ii. p. 336. Page 247, line 26. Besides all thai was eaten bi/ doggs and hj foules of the aire. — The Irish of this is given 296 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 ^*' 1468. given by the Four Masters : centnoca a n&uaòap coin 1 eacaioeòa. The literal translation is " besides all that dogs mid birds devouredy In this plirase ouaoap is the third person plural past tense of irim, I eat; and earaioeaòa is the plural of eaèaioe, which is still a living word denoting bird of prey. A. D. 1462. Page 247, line 30. In an vnpregnahle strong hold. — The Irish as given by the Four Masters is, bat an ciapla occ uprhurhan pm co na Sha,toiB i mbaile oain^fn, -\ nochap pecioao a rojail, i. e. that young Earl was with his Englishmen in a strong town, and it could not be demolished. Page 248, line 8. Killin. — There is a townland of Killeen, in the parisli of Shankhill, in the barony and county of Roscommon. Page 248, line 21. Nuacongwall — called Nuaconjbail by the Four Masters at this year, now Nough- aval, the name of a church and a townland, and also of a parish, lying partly in the county of Longford, and partly in Westmeath. According to the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerys, a Bishop Fachtna was the patron saint of this church, at whicli his me- mory was celebrated on the 19th of January. Page 248, line 29. Bel-atha-na-Pailiyey — i. e. the mouth of the ford of Pailis. This was the name of a ford on the river Inny, which forms the northern boundary of the townlands of Pal- lisbeg and Pallismore, in the parish of Fergny, barony of Shrule, and county of Long- ford. A. D. 1463. Page 249, line 19. Clan Sir-Dauid — i. e. the race of Sir David Burke, who were seated at Glinsk, near the river Suck, in the barony of Ballymoe, and county of Galway. Page 249, line 21. Clan-bibsg. — A tribe and district near the Shannon, in the county of Leitrim. Page 249, line 28. 0-Broyn — (Birn) now always Byrne without the prefix O'. It is pronounced in Irish O'Brin. Page 250, line 4. Barna-in-iuber — i. e. the gap of the yew, now obsolete. The Amiah of Ireland, froi/i the Year 1443 to 1468. 297 A. D. 1463. P(t^e 2^0, line 8. Eas-da-Conna, — i. e. the Cataract of St. Dachonna (the Son of Eire). This cataraet is sometimes called Eas mio n-Eirc, i. e. the cataract of the son of Eire, and now always Gap ui plomn, anglice Assylin, i. e. O'Flynn's Cataract, from O'Flynn, the Coarb or lay incumbent of the church so called, which is situated on the north bank of the river Boyle, opposite the cataract, about six furlongs to the west of the town of Boyle in the County of Roscommon. Page 250, lines 24. Clann-Colman. — This was the tribe name of the O'Melaghlin?, whose country was at this period coextensive with the present barony of Clonlonan. in the county of "Westmeath. Page 250, line 26. Belhna MaccngMan. — This territory, which was otherwise called Dealbhna Eathra, or Delvin Mac Coghlan, is now comprised in the barony of (iarrycastlc, in tlie King's County. Page 251, line I . Ciilhjn-O- Curtlig. — There are several townlands of the name of Coillin in the county of Koscommon, but it is difficult to say which of them was distinguished by the ad- dition O'Carthy. Page 251, line 7. Derrij Carlindg. — Now unknown. Page 251, line 22. Magherg Cureny — rectc Maghery-C'urcny. Now the barony of Kilkenny west, in the county of ^^'estmeath. Page 251, line 24. Tuam- Vsin — now unknown. Page 251, line 30. Juijnes Cham, — called Siacus Cam by the Four Masters. A. U. 146.^ — Page 253, lines 8. Baliloghabo — òaile loca bo, i. e. town of the lake of the cow, now Loughboc, in the parish of Kilmaeallan, barony of Tirerrill, and county of Sligo- IRISH. ARCn. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. 2 Q A. D. 298 The Annals of Ireland ^ from the Year 1443 '^' 146S. A. D. 1464. Page 253, line 15. Teach-Eoi/ii. — Called by the Four Masters Ceac Gon, i. e. St. John's house, now St. John's, on Lough Ree, in the north-east of the barony of Athlone, in the county of Roscommon. Page 253, line 16. Thorough the instigation of Brian 0-Braoyn Brcgmany The Irish, as given by the Four Masters, runs as follows : cpe popailfm òpiain Ui òpaoin òpfjmuine, i. e. at the request of Brian O'Breen, of Brawney. Breaghmhuine is the present barony of Brawney, in the county of Westmeath. Page 253, line 19. Mac Amalgg — Written by the Four Masters mac Qrhaljaiò, i.e. Magawley, who was chief of Calry-an-Chala, a territory which comprised the parish of Ballylonghloe, in the county of Westmeath. Page 253, line 20. Laccans preys — i. e. the preys of Lackan, a monastery in the barony of Corkaree, in Westmeath. It is mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters at the years 746, 946, and 1 139. It is mentioned in the Feilire jEnguis, at 28th June, as Lecain mor in Ui Mac Mais, in Meath, the church of the long-lived St. Cruimin. Page 253, line 21. Mac-Jago — This name is still extant in the country of Leitrim, where it is sup- posed to be of Spanish origin. Page 253, line 26. Fingall. — This name is now applied to a district extending to the north of Dublin for about fifteen miles. Page 253, last line. Ath-Seny — Qc Seanai j — now Ballyshannon, in the county of Donegal. Page z^J^ line 17. The Sraid of Moyhrecray. — Spaio maije òpeacpaije, i. e. the street of Moybrecry, now the village of Street, in the barony of Moygoish, in the county of Westmeath, where there was a castle belonging to the Anglo-Irish family of Mac-Herbert or Fitz- Hcrbert. Page 254, line 21. Tirtuahayl. — Cip Uuarail, i. e. Tuathal's, or Toole's, country or district. It is now generally believed that this territory was coextensive with the parish of Kilronan, Tìie Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 299 Kilronan, in the north-east of the barony of Boyle, in the county of Roscommon ; but it can be proved that is was anciently much more extensive, and comprised all the district lying between Lough Key and Lough Allen. It was bounded on the east by the Shannon ; on the south by the lower part of the River Boyle, whicli divides it from the plain of Moylurg ; on the west and north by the territory of Tircrill, in the now county of Sligo ; and by Muintir-Kenny in the now county of Leitrim. The northern part of this territory was woody, and called Coillte Concho- bhair, i. e. Conor's woods. A. D. 1464. Pafle 255, line i. Tirmany — i. c. the country of Maine, more usually called Ui-Maine Anglice Hy- Many. See map to Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many for the extent of this territory. Page ZSS, Une 3- The people of Calry — i. e. the people of Calry-an-Chala, i. c. all the Magawleys of Ballyloughloe and their followers, except the warders of the castle of Ballyloughloe, left their country to the mercy of the inhabitants of Hy-]\Iauy, in Connaught, and fled to Offaly, or Ophal3\ O'Connor Faly's country, in the King's County. Ihuje 255, line 6. Mac Eochy of Moyfinn — i. e. Mac Keogh, or Keogh, of Moyfinn, a territory con- taining forty quarters of land, and comprising the parish of Taghmaconnell, in the barony of Athlone, and county of Roscommon. See the map to Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many for its extent and boundaries. Paye 256, line 3. By one tcouml nf a speare, — The Irish, as given by the Four Masters, is Duen pop^aiii 00 -ffi, i. e. with one thrust of a spear or javelin. Page 256, line 5. t'arbry of Drum-cliau: — Caipbpet)poma cliub, i. e. the territory now the barony of Carbury, in the nortli of the county of Sligo, called of Dniim-cliabii, or Drnmcliif, because that town, which contained a monastery of St. Columbkille, was anciently the most celebrated place in it. Page 256, line 7. Bendun. — Now unknown. 2 Q 2 A. D. 300 T lie Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 146S. A. D. 1464. Page 256, line 19. Clunn-Carthy — Now Cluaia-cartha, rt7?y«c« Clooncarlia, in the parish of KUmovee, barony of Costello, and county of Mayo. Slieve Liiglia, or SliaB f-us°> i^ still the name of a well-known territory, now comprising the parishes of Kilkelly, Kilmovee, Killeagh, Kilcolman, and Castlemore- Costello, in the barony of Costello. See map to Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiacrhach. Page 256, lines 20, 21. Edmond an maghery mac coisdelic — i. e. Edmond-of-tlie-plain Mac Costello. A. D. 1465. Page 256, line 28. Crecca. — Now Cregga, in the parish of Kiltrustan, barony and county of Roscom- mon. Ned-an-Jiag, i. e. neao an peic, i. e. the raven's nest, is now called Neao na b-piac, i. e. the nest of the ravens, anglice Nadnaveagh, and is a townland in the parish of Killukin, in the barony of Roscommon. Page 257, line 2. DuH-ard. — Dun apo, i. e. high fort, now Dunard, or Doonard, in the parish of Killtrustan, barony and county of Roscommon. Page 257, line 29. Mac-consnamha. — Now Mac Kinaw, and sometimes incorrectly anglicised Forde. The head of this family was chief of Muintir-Kenny, a territory lying between Lough Allen and the River Arigna, in the county of Leitrim. Page 258, line 30. Over the Shinnan — i. e. over the River Shannon. Page 259, line 2. Jarmond. — lapriiuniu, i. e. West INIunster. Page 259, line 4. Clan- Williams — i. e. the barony of Clanwilliam, in the county of Limerick, and the barony of Clanwilliam, in the south-west of the county of Tipperary, anciently called Muskerry-Chuirc. Page 259, line 14. Kenel-ferga. — Cenel peapja. This was the name of that part of the territory of Ely O'CarroU, which comprised the barony of Ballybritt, in the King's County. See the The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 301 the Annals of the Four Masters, at the years 1548 and 1549, where the castle of Baile-Mhic-Adam, now Cadamstowu, near Kinitty, is placed in Cenel-Fearga. A. D. 1465. Page 260, line i. Athda-laorg — i. o. the ford of the two forks. This was the ancient name of the ford on the River Boylc, opposite the great monastery, which is often called muinipcip aca DU loapj. Page 260, Una 22. The said castle There is evidently some defect here, as there is no castle men- tioned before. The Four Masters have not the passage. Page 261, line 11. Tuluban Now Tooloobanbeg, in the parish of Lickerrig, barony of Loughreagh, and county of Galway. This townland contains the ruins of an old castle. There is another townland called Toolaban-Temple adjoining the former, but in the parish of Kilconickncy and barony of Athenry. This contains the ruins of a church. Page 261, Hue 12. Tlie Crosse of May-croyn. — Cpop mai^e cpoinn, i. e. the cross of the plain of the tree, now Crossmacrin, a townland near the western boundary of the parish of Grange, in the barony of Athenry, and county of Galway. There was a patron held here aiHiUiiUy im the last Sunday in summer, usually called Domnuc chpuim Duib. Page 261, line 23. The Branaglis — i. e. the O'Byrncs, of Wicklow. Iiwcrmore is now called Arklow. Page 261, line 24. Bearna-na-gaoithy — beapna na ^aoire, i. e. gap of the wind, now Windgates, near Powerscourt, in the county of Wicklow. Page 261, line 25. Fera-Cualann. — A territory comprising the manor of Powerscourt, in the north of the county of Wicklow, which, in latter ages, belonged to the family of O'Toole. In an Inquisition taken at AVicklow on the 21st of April, 1636, it is called Fercoulen, and described as extending " from Barnecullen by east and south, and Glassynkie to Pollcallon by west the Winde getes, viz. five miles in length and four in breadth." The country of the Fera-Cualann was originally much more extensive, as is cjuite evident from places mentioned as in that territory, though it did not embrace the whole of the county of Wicklow, as Ware, Harris, and others have thought. A. D. 302 Tlie Annals of Ireland, from tin' Year 1443 to 1468. A. D. 1466. Page 261, line 25. Glifìin-caifì/, now Glancapp, a well-known district in the north of the county of Wicklow. The castle of Carrickevan, and the townland of Ballynornan, are in it. See Inquisition taken at Newcastle Magenegan, i6th March, 1610, and another Inqui- sition taken at Wicklow on the 5th April, 1638. Page 261, line 25. Ath-cualami — i. e. the ford of Cualann. This name is now obsolete. It was probably the name of a ford on the little river of Bray, in the county of Wicklow. A. D. 1467. Page 261, line 28. Letkraith Now Abbeylara. It is situated in a parish of the same name in the barony of Granard, and county of Longford. Some ruins of the church of this abbey still remain, from which it appears that it was not of very small dimensions. A. D. 1468. Page 263, /me 8. Drochedatlia — Dpoiceao aca, i.e. bridge of the ford; Pontana Villa, now Drogheda, near the mouth of the BojTie, in the south of Louth, twenty-two miles to the north of the City of Dublin. FINIS. IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Noblemen and Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members of the Irish ArchiEological Society are requested to forward their names and addresses to the Secretary, Rev. Dr. Todd, Trinity College, Dublin. Literary Societies and public libraries may procure the Society's publications, by causing their Librarian, or any other officer, to become a Member of the Irish Archaeological Society in their name. FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF THE SOCIETY. I. The number of Members shall be limited to 500. II. The affairs of the Society shall be managed by a President and Council of twelve Members, to be elected annually by the Society. III. Those Noblemen and Gentlemen who have; been admitted Members prior to the first day of May, 1841, shall be deemed the original Members of the Society, and all future Members shall be elected by the Council. IV. Each Member shall pay four pounds on the first year of his election, and one pound every subsequent year. These payments to be made in advance, on or before the first day of January, annually. V. Such Members as desire it may become Life Members, on payment of the sum of thirteen pounds, or ten pounds (if they have already paid their entrance fee), in lieu of the annual subscription. VI. Every Member whose subscription is not in arrear shall be entitled to receive one copy of each publication of the Society issued subsequently to his admission ; and the books printed by the Society shall not be sold to the public. VII. No member who is three months in arrear of his subscription shall be entitled to vote, or to any other privileges of a Member ; and any Member who shall be one year in arrear shall be considered as having resigned. VIII. Any Member who shall gratuitously edit any book, approved of liy thi' Council, shall be entitled to twenty copies of such book, when printed, ibr his own use : and the Council shaU at all times be ready to receive suggestions from Members, rela- tive to such rare books or manuscripts as they may be acquainted with, and which they may deem worthy of being printed by the Society. IX. The Council shall have power to appoint officers; and to make by-laws not inconsistent with the fundamental laws of the Society. X. X. No person shall be elected a Member of the Society until the entrance fee and subscription for the current year be paid to the Treasurer or one of the Local Secre- taries. PUBLICATIONS FOR THE YEAR 184I. I. Tracts relating to Ireland, vol. i. containing : 1. The Circuit of Ireland; by Muircheartach Mac ÒN'eill, Prince of Aileach ; a Poem written in the year 942 by Cormacan Eigeas, Chief Poet of the North of Ireland. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, and a Map of the Circuit, by John O'Donovan. 2. " A Brief Description of Ireland ; Made in this year 1589, by Robert Payne vnto XXV. of his partners for whom he is vndertaker there." Eeprinted from the second edition, London, 1590, with a Preface and Notes, by Aquilla Smith, M.D., M.E.LA. II. The Annals of Ireland, by James Grace of Kilkenny. Edited from the MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, in the original Latin, with a Translation and Notes, by the Rev. Richard Butler, A.B., M.R.I. A. PUBLICATIONS FOR THE YEAR 1842. I. Cach ITluijlii Rach. The Battle of Magh Rath (Moira), from an ancient MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited in the original Irish, with a Trans- lation and Notes, by John O'Donovan. II. Tracts relating to Ireland, vol. 11. containing : 1. "ATreatice of Ireland; by John Dymmok." Edited from a MS. in tlie British Museum, with Notes, by the Rev. Richard Butler, A.B., M.R.I. A. 2. The Annals of Multifernam ; from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited by Aquilla Smith, M.D., M.E.LA. 3. A Statute passed at a Parliament held at Kilkenny, A. D. 1367 ; from a MS. in the British Museum. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, by James Hardi.man, Esq., M.R.I. A. PUBLICATIONS FOR THE YEAR 1 843. I. An Account of the Tribes and Customs of the District of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country, in the Counties of Galway and Roscommon. Edited from .the Book of Lecan in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy ; in the original Irish, with a Translation and Notes, and a Map of Hy-Many, by John O'Donovan. IL II. The Book of Obits and Martyrology of the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, com- monly called Christ Church, Dublin. Edited from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, by the Rev. John Clarke Crostuwaite, A. M., Rector of St. Mary-at-Hill, and St. Andrew Hubbard, London. With an Introduction by James Henthorn Todd, D.D., V. P. E.I. A., Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. PUBLICATIONS FOR THE YEAR I 844. I. " Eegistrum Ecclesie Omnium Sanctorum juxta Dublin ;" from the original M 8. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited by the Rev. Eicuard Butler, A.B., M.R.LA. II. An Account of the Tribes and Customs of the District of Ily-Fiachrach, in the Counties of Sligo and Mayo. Edited from the Book of Lecan, in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, and from a copy of the Mac Firbis MS. in the possession of the Earl of Roden. With a Translation and Notes, and a Map of Ily-Fiachrach. By Joun O'DONOVAN. PUBLICATION FOR THE YEAR 1845. A Description of West or Il-Iar Connaught, by Roderic O'Flaherty, Author of Ogygia, written A. D. 1 684, edited from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with copious Notes and an Appendi.\, by James Hardiman, Esq., M. R.I. A. PUBLICATION FOR I 846. The Miscellany of the Irish Archaeological Society. Vol. i. PUBLICATION FOR I 847. The Irish Version of the " Historia Britonum" ofNennius, or," as it is called in Irish MSS., Ceabap òpecnac, the British Book, edited from the Book of Balli- mote, collated with copies in the Book of Lecan, and in the Library of Trinity Col- lege, Dublin. With a Translation and Notes, by James Henthorn Todd, D. D., M. R. I. A., Fellow of Trinity College, Sec, and additional Notes and an Introduction by the Hon. Algernon Herbert. In the Press. WORKS IN THE PRESS. L Cormac's Glossary; with a Translation and Notes, by John O'Donovan. Jn the Press. II. The Annals of Ireland, by John Clyn, of Kilkenny, from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, collated with another in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Edited, with Notes, by the Rev. Richard Butler, M. R. I. A. IRISH arch. SOC. MISCKLL. VOL. I. 2 R * HL The III. The Annals of Ireland, by Thady Dowling, Chancellor of Leighlin. Edited, with Notes, by Aqcilla Smith, M. D., M. R. I. A., from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. PUBLICATIONS IN PROGRESS. I. The Annals of Ulster. With a Translation and Notes. Edited from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, collated with the Translation made for Sir James Ware by Dudley or Duald Mac Firbis, a MS. in the British Museum, b)- James IIenthorn Todd, D.D., M. R. I. A., and John O'Donovan, Esq. IL The Annals of Innisfallen : from a MS. in the Bodleian Library, Oxford; with a Translation and Notes, by John O'Donovan, Esq. III. Macari» Excidium, the Destruction of Cyprus ; being a secret History of the Civil War in Ireland under James II., by Colonel Charles O'Kelly. Edited in the original Latin, from a MS. in the possession of Professor Mac Cullagh, with a Translation, by Dexis Henry Kelly, Esq., and Notes by John O'Callaghan, Esq. IV. Ecclesiastical Taxation of Ireland, circ. 1500. Edited from the original Exchequer Rolls, in the Carlton-Ride Record Office, London, with Notes, by the Rev. William Reeves, M. B., of Trinity College, Dublin. V. The Liber Hymnorum : from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity Col- lege, Dublin. Edited by the Rev. James Henthoen Todd, D. D., M. R. LA., Fellow of Trinity College ; and the Rev. William Reeves, M. B. VI. Sir William Petty's Narrative of his Proceedings in the Survey of Ireland. From a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited, with Notes, by Thomas A. Larcom, Esq., Capt. R. E., V. P. R. I. A. VII. Articles of Capitulation and Surrender of Cities, Towns, Castles, Forts, &<:. in Ireland, to the Parliamentary Forces, from A. D. 1649 to 1654. Edited, with Historical Notices, by James Hardiman, Esq., M. K. I. A. VIII. The Genealogy and History of the Saints of Ireland : from the Book of Lecan. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, by John O'Do.vovan, Esq., and James Henthorn Todd, I). D. IX. An Account of the Firbolgs and Danes of Ireland, by Duald Mac Firbis, from a MS. in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, with a Translation and Notes, by John O'Donovan, Esq. X. òopamci. The Origin and History of the Boromean Tribute. Edited from a MS. in the Liltrary of Trinity College, Dublin, with a Translation and Notes, by Eugene Cbrrv, Esq. XI. The Progresses of the Lords Lieutenant in Ireland; from MSS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited by Joseph Huband Smith, Esq., M.A., M.R.I. A. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY This book is due on the date indicated below, or at the expiration of a definite period after the date of borrowing, as provided by the rules of the Library or by special ar- rangement with the Librarian in charge. DATE BORROWED DATE DUE DATE BORROWED DATE DUE i 1 C2e.23».M.OO # ^ COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 111 Ò03552496Ò 341.5