THE BOSTON- IMPROVED DRY KILN. Boston Blovjuer Qompapy, Boston, Mass. IcSOl Boston Blower Company BOSTON, MASS. SOLE IVIANUKACTUREKS, ON THE I NXERCH AN OE A.BLE ELAN, OK BOSTON CUI‘(JLA ANM) FORGE HI.OWEKS, 1U)ST()N FAN' BLOWERS, BOSTON EXHAUST FANS, BOSTON SHAVING EXHAUSTERS, BOSTON STEAM FANS, BOSTON HOT BLAST APPARATUS, BOSTON VENTILATING WHEELS, BOSTON PORTABLE P'ORGES, COUNTERSHAFT.S, PULLEVS AND HANGERS, BLAST GATES, PULLEY LATHES, IRON PLANERS, SPECIAL MACHINERY, SHEET IRON \VORK OF EYERY DESCRIPTION. THE BOSTON LUMBER DRY KILN THE BOSTON SHAVING EXHAUST FAN, SINGLE AND DOUBLE PATTERNS. HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS. Send for Descriptive Circulars and Price List. THE ISoston Hot l)last Apparatus AS USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE BOSTON IMPROVED LUMBER DRY KILN, MANUFACTURED BY THE BOSTON BLOWER OOMPANY, Boston, Mass. 1891 . PREFACE. take i)lcasure in presenting- a new Illustrated Catalogue of the Boston Hot Bi..\st Api’.tKATfs, as used in connection with the Boston Lmi’koved Lumher 1)R^■ Kiln. In entering upon our fourteenth business year we feel that the reputation of our apparatus is satisfactorily established. The marked success of our Inii)roved Lumber Dry Kiln has led to large and constantly increasing sales, for dry ing all kinds and thicknesses of lumber, in all })arts of the world. Special machinery and systematic methods of manufacture enable us to produce apparatus of superior design ai-id large capacity, which costs the purchaser no more than the poorest substitute in the market. The superiority of our a})paratus is apparently recognized by our competitors, who endeavor, by usiiig similar cuts and representing and “guaranteeing” their systems ecjual in efficiency and as good as ours, to secure orders. The design of most forms of such “imitation” aj^paratus is as far from our system as their workmanship falls below ours. L\-en when funiishing apparatus inferior in efficiency, certain parties also fail to supply complete kiln trimmings, and often wholly omit the air duct, which is quite expensive as well as essential. W’e bring to bear a larger practical experience than all other Dry Kiln manu- facturers combined, which enables us to offer apparatus that has been proved reliable and efficient by THE RIGID TEST OF DAILY USE FOR MANY YEARS, and nothing that is based on theory alone. W'e iin ite \()ur attention to the following pages, and with thanks for past favors solicit future oi'ders. BOSTON BLOWER 00., BOSTON, MASS. liosroN' Ill.oWI.R ( '( ).M lioSTON'. M \Ss. THE BOSTON HOT BLAST APPARATUS, 'I'his .Apparatus is the comlunation of a lilower and Exliausl I"an and a Steam Heater. Steam, live or e.xhaust, is passed tlirou”Tt th.e Heater, and ah' is drawn over the liot pijres, thus ex])osine; a larg'e xolume of air to a large and concentrated amount of heating surface, and giving it a temperature of 150 to 240 . Xot only is this high temperature obtained, but a raihil circulation is given tlie air, whivli, hav ing been given the capacity to absorb moisture, gathers it up and carries it olf, making the process of drving verv’ rapid. 'I'he blower or Exhaust l''an is designed to move a large volume of air at a low pressure ,ind with the best economv of power, and may be driven by a detached or direct connected engine, or from the mill shafting. AA'heie drving must continue day and night, and in situations where other power is not available, the special engine is necessary. 'The Heater is made up of a number of sections or coils of steam pipes, each on a separate cast-iron base, and all enclosed in a sheet-metal casing. Each section being independent, a great variety of combinations of steam supply mav' be made. In most cases use is made of the exhaust steam from tlie mill engine, with provision for the use of live steam in its stead when the engine is not running, the exhaust steam from the ban Engine, together with the necessary amount of live steam to supplement the supply of e.xhaust. and so secure the required temperature of the air. 'I'he blower and Heater should be located as near the point of air delivery as possible; but the heated air may be carried long distances with little loss of temperature, provided the pipes are well protected with non-conducting material. b)' jilacing the Heater in the diyv room it is often possible to do considerable dr^ang by r.uliation from the coils alone, when the blower is not running. Ebider such conditions the drv’ room should be closed until the blower is again started, when the overloaded moist air will be forced out, and dry air applied so gradually as not to raise the temperature of the room too suddenlv', which would damage some kinds of goods. In large drv houses, where the blower runs continually, the air mav' be tempered very accurately by adjusting the speed of the Ean. In all cases the heat can be applied gradually, and maintained at as high or low a temperature as is desirable, until the material being dried is in a perfect condition. W ith this .Apparatus from twenty-five to one hundred per cent, more work can be done than by an_v other application of heat. 'I'he use of this .Apparatus is attended by perfect safety from fire. 'Ehe hot steam jupes being enclosed in a steel-plate casing there is no possibility of their coming in contact with intlaminable material. Hot air only is introduced into the dry room. In making int|uiries concerning the application of this .Apparatus, please state the kind of material and the amount to be dried in a given time. If dry rooms are already built, give their dimensions, details of construction and situation, data regarding the power and steam supply. — whether live or exhaust steam can or must be used, and the situation of the same. .A knowledge of these details is necessary for the proper preparation of plans and estimates. h'or a more detailed description of the blower and Heater, see pages devoted to these subjects. AA'e design and contract for entire drying plants, including the blower. Heater. Engine, boiler, bumps, etc. lioslON l!l.()\S I'.l^ ('OMI’ANM, lioSI'ON, iM ASS. SPECIFICATIONS C)I* BOSTON HOT BLAST APPARATUS T'he columns licacled, " of I’ijje for \\'armin<^ Iluilcling.s" and “ l-'eet of Pipe for 1 )ry- houses " are approximations onl\'. Since the existing conditions in any two ljuildings are seldom alike, and drydiouses arranged for drying different materials require widely different temperatures, it is imirossihie to make an arbitrary combination of Plower and Heater suited to all cases; but, on receipt of all details concerning buildings to be warmed or material to be dried, we will recommend to intending purchasers a Plower and Heater of sizes especially adapted to their needs, W’e design and contract for the entire Drying Plants, including Blower, Heater, Engine, Boilers, Pumps, Piping, etc. Size of Fan. Size of Engine. Width X H ’ght of Rectan- gular Pipe fitting Outlet Diam.X Face of Pulley. No. of Rev. of Fan. H. P. to drive Fan. Capacity in cu. ft. per min. Feet of pipe for Warming Buildings. Prices. Feet of pipe for Dry- ho uses B T X 3 >3X13 7X6 862 1 . 1 -' 75 - 200 300 D 3X3 16x16 9X7 580 2. I 5 ' ' 9 ' 300 500 60 In. 5X8 a 1 X:: 1 12X7 520 2.6 6.360 400 700 70 “ 5X8 26X 26 • 6X8 473 3-6 8,803 600 I 000 80 5X8 -’ 9 X -’7 16X8 412 4-7 1 •.498 700 1 I 00 90 " 6X8 34X29 • 8X8 366 6.4 '5.5^ • I 200 1 800 100 6X8 37X3' 22X10 3^9 7.6 18.683 I 500 2300 MO ■■ 7X10 41 X37 24X •o 299 9-7 23 - 7 I 4 1700 2600 120 " 8X1-’ 45 X 4 1 30X -’74 I 1 .6 30-456 2 I 00 3200 140 " 9X1-’ .55X49 36X • 2 230 • 7-3 42.254 3100 4600 160 10X15 65X55 42X 16 205 -> j 'y 5‘'739 4300 6400 IJOSTOX ]![,0\VER lioSTOX, MaSS. BOSTON STEEL-PLATE EXHAUST FANS, I'iic lExliaust Fan used as part of tlie Hoston Mot l>last Apjraratus is of the style known as the lioston Steel Plate, and is desig;ned especially for the purpose. THE HOUSING is built of heavy steel plate, thoroughly braced with tee and angle iron and secureU’ bolted to a cast-iron base. THE WHEEL, or Fan. is substantially made, and is balanced at the speed at which it is to run. The sides and floats are of steel plate, the arms of wrought-iron, secured in cast-iron hubs, which are firmly keyed to the shaft. . THE SHAFT is steel, and of sufficient diameter to insure rigidity. THE JOURNAL BOXES ha\'e large wearing surfaces lined with anti-friction metal, and are furnished with means for perfect lubrication and removal of waste oil. both Housingand Wheel are proportioned for moving a large volume of air. with a minimum expenditure of power. The rigidity of parts and perfect balance of the Wheel insure cpiiet operation, which feature is especially important in apparatus for warming and ventilating dwellings and public buildings. These Fans usually discharge horizontal!}' from the bottom, but we can make them to discharge in any direction. SIZES. Diam. of round pipe fitting Inlets. Width X Height of rectangular pipe fitting Outlets. Diam X Face of Pulleys. Extreme Heights. Floor Space PRICES. occupied. 60 inch, 25 in. 2 I X - I in. 12X 7 60 in. 5 -X 43 i”- 70 " 29 •• 26X26 " 16X 8 •• 70 •• 64 X 5 ‘ ” 80 “ 29 •• 29X27 " 16X 8 80 “ 7 >X 55 90 " 34 “ 0 X -t 18X 8 90 " 79X 60 " 100 " 38 " 37X3* 22X10 " I 00 " 86 X 66 " 110 " 46 '• 41X37 " 24X 10 " I I 0 " 93 X 70 “ 120 “ 5 * 45X41 “ 30X12 " 120 “ 102 X 75 " 140 " 55 55X49 36X12 " 140 " 122X 81 " 160 “ 66 - ^5X55 42X 16 “ I 60 “ 139X 103 “ ISosroX lil.OWKK Co.Ml'AN\', JSoS'l'ON', M.\ss. OUR HEATER, W'hicli cinhoclies many novel and important features, is tlioroughly made, and is extra heavy .uul strong. liefore leax ing our shops, e\'er)‘ section is sid:ijected to a steam pressure of one hundred pounds per scpiare incli, and all defective parts, if there are any, are thrown out. The accompanying cut shows side and end elevations and plan of a single section. To form a Heater, any desired number of sections are placed side by side on cast-iron I beams, which insure alignment and level foundation. Manifolds, of the proper length and diameter to cross both ends of all the sections, are connected with them b\' wrought-iron nipples and lock nuts. .Steam is supplied to each section, from the manifold on the inlet side, through its own independent connection. The manifold across the outlet or drip ends receives all the condensation, from which it is discharged through an automatic expansion trap when live steam is used, or through a pipe of suitable size to insure free drainage without back irressure on the engine when exhaust steam is used. Each section being independent of every other, a great x'ariety of combinations of steam supply ma\- be made. The special features claimed for this Heater are : — 1. All the pipes in each Heater are exact!}' the same length, and made u]3 in a manner tf) insure a perfect circulation of steam in every foot of pipe. 2 . The number of joints is reduced to the lowest possible limit. 3. In case of accident, any section can be removed without disturbing any other section in the Heater; and, further, any single pipe can be replaced without removing any other beyond the one directly connected with it. 4. 'I'he arrangement of the pipes is such that the air to be heated cannot escape actual contact with the entire heating surface. 3. Compactness. In no other Heater is the same amount of effective heating surface confined in so small a space. 6. Simplicity. Any person of ordinary intelligence can operate it and secure maximum results. Ill IlosTox IIluwer Comi’anv, Boston. Mass. TABLE OF CAPACITIES OF BLOWERS AND EXHAUSTERS, SIZE. Pressure of Blast. Revolutions per Minute. Cubic Feet of Air per Minute. Horse Power required. X oz- 260 3 ■ 5 ° I 520 ^.359 2.60 X " -35 4.39^ 0.44 70 Inch X '• X ■■ 333 6,223 1.27 408 7.625 2.07 1 473 8,802 3.60 X ■■ 206 5.741 0.5S 80 Inch X •• 291 8, 128 1 .66 X “ 357 9,960 2.71 I 41^ I 1,497 4.70 X I S3 7.751 0.79 90 Inch X X ” 2 58 10.972 2.24 317 > 3.445 3.66 I 366 >5.52 I 'J-oo X •• '^5 9.33 > 0.94 1 00 Inch X •• 233 13.228 2.70 X “ 285 16,184 4-41 329 1 8,683 7.64 X “ 144 I >.843 I I 1 10 Inch X “ X “ 2 I 2 1 6,764 3.42 259 20.541 5.60 I 299 23 . 7'3 9.70 X “ 137 14.2 I 1 >•45 1 20 Inch X “ X >94 20,0 1 6 4.1 I 260 24.650 6.72 1 274 28,456 1 1.64 X " ' '7 2 1 , 1 02 2 . >5 1 40 Inch 1 , 166 29.870 6. 1 0 X 204 36.60 1 9.98 I 230 42.253 17.28 X •• '«3 25.839 2.42 1 60 Inch 1 , >45 36.576 7.48 X •• 179 .;4,8i8 12.22 I 203 5 '.739 21.16 l)()si'i>\ lii.owi K I’osrox, .M \ss. BOSTON IMPROVED HORIZONTAL ENGINE, ( )ur Self-contained Horizontal Stationary l''.ne,ines are huilt in sizes ranitine; from 5 to 20 horse power, inclnsi\-e. The larjfer sizes, although of the same general design, ha\e the modilications necessary for ”reater powers. Well knowing the unfavorable conditions under which Tan Kngines are usuallv run, the greatest care has been exercised to design an engine capable of doing continuous duty with the least care and expense. THE BED is the modification of the •• Porter" ty]5e adopted 1 )_\' most builders of High Speed Automatic Engines. An unusual amount of metal, together with the strength inherent in the design, secure a perfectly rigid engine, capable of resisting all strains resulting from high steam pressure and piston speeds. THE CYLINDER, with the steam chest, is a separate casting, bolted to the bed by one end only. This construction eliminates the strains usually produced in the l)ed by the expansion and contraction of the cylinder. 'The ports are short and have a large area, insuring a free exhaust, and their low position on the side of exTinder insures drainage. THE CONNECTING ROD is a steel casting of ample proportions, the adjustment being- such that the distance between centers is always the same, both boxes are of brass, accurately fitted to the rod and pins. THE CRANK SHAFT, Piston Rod, and Valve Stem are all of steel, our aim having been to secure large wearing surfaces, with consequent cool running and long life. 'Phese, with all other mo\’ing ]3arts, have a size greatly in excess of that necessary for strength alone. THE RECIPROCATING PARTS are balanced by large crank disks, fastened to and finished with the crank shaft. This balance, and the low position of the centers of the mo\ing parts, insure the least possible \ ibration. Means of adjustment are pro\’ided for taking iqi all wear. THE CAST-IRON FOUNDATION, shown in cut, is furnished with each size u]-) to 25 horse power. d'he complete engine includes Fly Wheel. Automatic .Stop A'ariable .Speed (iovernor. Governor belt. Sight-feed Lubricator, Throttle A’alve, and ( )il Gups. We ha\'e placed in connection with our apparatus a number of hea\-v double engines, with most satisfactory results. ( )wing tf) the very steady motion of doul)le engines a much lighter wheel can be used, there being no dead center. In the event of any part of either engine breaking or wearing out. that engine can be disconnected, and sutticient power secured from the other to o]5erate ap]3aratus until necessar\- repairs can be made. In setting up double engines sole plates are used at the rear end. and at the froiit end the shafts are connected by heavy coupling, o\'er which the band Wheel, which is made in halves, is placed after the lines are established. b\- this method, these engines are \ery readil}- adjusted after being leveled. For cuts and specifications, see pages 12 and 13. Boston Blower Company, Boston, Mass. \-2 }>- BOSTON IMPROVED HORIZONTAL ENGINE. SPEC I FICAT’IONS. Cylinder. Diameter. Stroke. Horse Power. Revolutions. Size of Steam Pipe. Size of ' Exhaust Pipe. 1 Approximate. 1 Weight. s ,s 5 150 iX in- i )4 in. 1,000 lbs. 6 cS 8 ■so 1)4 “ 1,300 " 7 ! 1 0 1 0 150 I >4 “ 1)4 “ 1 2,100 “ cS I 2 ■5 >50 2 ** 2/3 “ 2,700 <) 1 2 20 'SO 2 ** 2)4 “ 2,800 “ 1 0 ■ s 25 to 30 I 40 2)4 “ ^ 3 “ 4,100 “ I IS 30 L) 35 ■ 3 ° 2 )4 “ 3 “ 4 vSoo “ 1 2 iS 3 S 40 'TS 3 1 3)4 “ i 7,000 “ ' 4 uS 1 1 0 , ' '2S 3)4 “ 4 7.S00 “ j With 60 ll.s. iKjilcr iiressiire. at the tahulated \o. of revolutions, these engines will develop their minimum power. lios'iox Blower C'o.meanv, Boston’, Mass, i;; BOSTON IMPROVED DOUBLE HORIZONTAL ENGINE. SPEC I FI CATIONS. Cylinder. ; Horse Power. Revolutions. Size of Size of Approximate Diameter. i Stroke. 1 Steam Pipe. Exhaust Pipe. Weight Price, 5 8 : 10 ' 5 ° 'X ill- 1 jT in. 2,000 1 I)S. 6 8 I I ^ ii_, •• iX " 2,600 •• 1 7 I 0 ; 20 ' 5 ° I E, •• •x •• 4,100 “ ' 8 I 2 30 ’50 2 2X ■■ 5.400 •• 9 I 40 ‘50 •> • * 2X •• 5.600 •• I o ^ 15 : 50 to 60 140 -> I ‘ • 3 8,200 ' 1 1 ' 15 ; 60 to 70 ' 3 ° 2 1 ^ 3 " 9,000 " I 2 1 18 0 0 80 I “5 3 3 '4 " 14,000 “ 14 i8 100 1-5 3T •• 4 15,000 " , NN'ith 60 lbs boiler pressure, at the tabulated Xo. of revolutions these engines will develop their niinin .,1 HORIZONTAL ENGINE, WITH HALF HOUSING. STEEL-PLATE ENGINE BLOWER (or Steam Fan I50ST0N Blower Com ran v, Boston, Mass. li; STEAM FANS. For the convenience of customers who lack sufficient space for a Bilower and detached en<^ine, we make wliat is known as a Steam Fan. These l-'ans are the regular Steel-plate Blowers with our horizontal or vertical engines connected directly to the Fan Shaft, as shown on pages 14 and 15. It will be seen that this arrangement greatly economizes space, although it is not recom- mended when a belt dri\’en Blower can be accommodated, because it necessitates running the engine at the same speed as the Fan ^^'heel, while an engine dri\’ing by belt can be run slower, the desired speed of the Wheel being obtained by properly proportioning the pulleys. W'e build Steam F'ans with engine on either side, and with discharge in any direction desired. 'The e.xhaust steam from Fan Fingine may be used in a Heater, thus avoiding waste. For dry kiln plants where the output of lumber is in e.xcess of 18,000 feet, board measure, per day, we ad\ise a large F’an W'heel enclosed by a half Housing of steel plate, and driven by an independent engine (see i)age 10), or, if desired, by a direct connected engine, as shown on page 10. By this arrangement the F'an Wheel swings in the air duct, and the oftset. otherwise re(|uired in the air duct, is avoided. Where large ducts are required it is necessary to e.xcavate for them, in order to have the kiln platforms of proper height to facilitate loading kiln cars upon transfer trucks. When the brick foundation is put in for the half Housing and Wheel, the pit may be extended underneath the Heater house floor to the Kilns, and there unite with the air duct, d'his leaves a free passage for the air from the Fan to the Kilns, and hastens the drying process materially. All angles and turns in air duct should be avoided if possible. We furnish free to our customers complete plans of kiln buildings, with printed specifications for projierly constructing same. Wc also supply complete printed instructions for erecting and oiieiating .\pparatus. lioSTON ISLOWKU C 'uMPANM , licjSI'ON, M ASS. DRYING. 'I'hk science of drying rests upon tlie fact that moisture may l^e ai)sorl)ed lyv air, the amount varying with the temperature and dryness of the air. d'he wdiie of air for drying purposes increase!^ witli the difference between its temperature and that of its point of saturation, but at a much liiglier ratio, as e.xplained Irelow. The moisture-absorbing capacity of the air liaving been increased b\' heat, another factor must be considered : this is the circulation of the air. Artificial drying is necessarily accomplished in an enclosed space, usually called a dry room. If the heated air is introduced into such a room, it immediately begins to take up the moistine from the material being dried, its capacity for so doing gradual!}’ decreasing, until at the point of its saturation it is zero. Now, unless this moisture-laden air is displaced by fresh dry air, the process of drying is at a standstill. Thus it is seen that a constant circulation is necessary, and that heat alone can have little effect. Xow, still another element appears for consideration : this is the volume of air passed through the dry house. It must be such aii amount that contact is insured with all paits of the material being dried. With an increase of volume comes the natural increase of absorbing capacity, as, since one cubic foot of air at a certain temperature will take up a definite amount of moisture, two cubic feet at the same temperature will absorb double the amount. Heat, motion, and \’olume are thus shown to be essential to drving, the absence of an}’ one element impairing or even rendering useless the others. Such being the elementary principles of drying, we will show how they have been ]uactically considered in the design and construction of the lioston Dr}’ Kiln. When a liquid such as water is e.xposed to the atmosphere, it is evaporated with a rajndity depending upon the surface e.xposed, the temperature of the air. and the amount of water already suspended in it, and its movement. When the drying is artiticiall}’ done these same factors must be considered. THE SURFACE EXPOSED. Since evaporation takes place at the surface only, it follows that the greater the exposed area, the more rapid is the process of drying. THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR, It is well known that the higher the temperature of the air the greater is its capacitv for absorbing moisture : and upon this fact rests the 1''^ Boston' Ijlower Company, Boston. Mass. ]ihilosoph\- of drying by heated air. The rapidity with which this capacitv increases with the temperature is shown bv the following table : — 'rcnij)craturc of the Air. Fall. Weiglu of vapor in a cii. ft. of satunited air. (Jrains. Temperature of ilie Air. Fall. Weight of vapor in a cu. ft. of saturated air. Grains. 32° 2.12 132 • ■ 46.47 52 4 - 3 « 152 75.01 72 .... ^•54 172 116.77 92 KS- 7 .S 192 ' 75-99 I I 2 . 27.62 2 12 257.74 The volume at 32° being i.oo under an atmospheric pressure of 29.921- inches of mercury. From this we see that a cul:)ic foot of air at 32° Fail, becomes saturated when it has absorbed 2.12 grains of moisture, if now we raise the temperature of this same cubic foot of air to 132°, 46.47 grains of moisture are required to saturate it, — a gain of 44.35 grains during a rise of 100° in temperature. From this wiii aiso be seen tiiat much depends upon the voiuine of air Irrougiit in contact witii tiie surface to be dried, one cubic foot of air at a certain temperature being capabie of absorbing a definite amount of moisture : an increase in the number of cubic feet means a corresponding increase of effect. THE AMOUNT OF MOISTURE ALREADY SUSPENDED IN THE AIR. Although, on account of the liigli temperature gi\'en to the air in artihcial drying, tliis condition lias not the importance of the three others, it is e\'ident that the less the amount of suspended moisture the greater will be the amount absorbed before saturation. THE MOVEMENT OF THE AIR. When the dry air first comes in contact with the surface of the material being dried, evaporation takes place with great avidity, the process becoming slower, and finally ceasing at the point of saturation. F'.vidently, the more rapidly the moisturedaden air is displaced by fresh dry air, the sooner is complete evaporation effected. .Nature, in her drying, accomplishes this displacement by the difference in densities of the saturated and dry air, and by the wind ; but, on account of the rapid changes in the con- ditions of the atmosphere, and the uncertain force of the wind, this method cannot be depended upon when time and jierfect drying are to be considered. Fhe means of obtaining this and the preceding conditions in the Boston Dry Kiln will be e.xplained in the following pages. ISOSI'OX lil.OW’I'.K CoMI'AW. ISoSI'OX, M \s.s. i;t THE BOSTON IMPROVED DRY KILN lla\in”' stained h\' experience a thorough knowledge of tlie defects of existing di‘\' kilns, and of the needs of manufacturers recjuiring large quantities of perfect!}' seasoned luinher, we designed this Kiln. The success which has e\'er\where attended its use has won for us the foremost jrlace among kiln builders. A standard kiln room is se\'entv feet long. se\'enteen feet wide, and nine feet high. T’his will hold ten kiln cars, each car carrying from three to four thousand feet of lumber. The Kiln is a wooden structure; the walls, ceiling, and tioor are hollow and filled with some non-conducting material, as sawdust or rice chaff. The lioor and tracks extend ten feet beyond each end of the Kiln, and are inclined downward from the receiving end, rendering easy the movement of the loaded cars. The Hot blast Apparatus is located in a separate room, at the discharging end of the Kiln. The air duct from the blower enters below the floor line, and is covered above by slats, which, while protecting the duct from injury, in no way interfere with the proper discharge of the air. Heavy curtains are hung at regular intervals across the Kiln and fastened to the ceiling. These, with narrow doors at each side of the discharging end, prevent the free passage of the hot air over the tops and by the sides of the cars, the only escape being through the lumber, towards the receir ing end of the Kiln, where a slatted outlet is provided in the floor for its remoN'al. T’he lumber is piled on trucks, as shown by the cut on page 7. Much depends upon the care exercised in piling. Kach layer of boards must be separated by stickers, or piling sticks. Y\'e prefer that these should be one and one-fourth inch sejuare, — never less than seven-eighths of an inch square. — and spaced apart not more than four feet. Each board in a layer should be separated from its neighbor at least one-half inch. It must be remembered that the seasoned board will ha\'e assumed permanently the shape given it in piling. W hen the lumber is piled in the manner described, the air can circulate freely through the pile, coming in contact with e\'ery part of each board. Thus we obtain one of the essentials of rapid drying ; namely, a large area of exposed surface. T'he loaded car enters at the high or receiving end of the Kiln, which is farthest from the Heating Apparatus. Here the operation of drying is commenced by air having a low temperature (about 125° Fall.) and holding a great amount of moisture in suspension. This holds the albumen in solution until it is coagulated interiorly by the higher temperature obtained as the cars move forward, the process being completed on the exterior. In //tis maii/irr on/y can lumber be seasoned satisfactorilv. Were the boards first subjected to dry air at a high temperature, the albumen at the surface would at once harden, confining to the interior the greater portion of the moisture we desire to evaporate, causing the boards to twist, check, discolor, and. in time, decay. Lumber taken from our Kilns will be found alike in color on both sides, absolutely free from stains, with less season check than if seasoned by natural process, and. if properly piled, will be as straight as when placed in the room. THE BOSTON IMPROVED LUMBER DRY KILN. STANDARD FOUR -ROOM CAR KILN. End Li-DV/STiQN LLLVA.TION 3l>J&LC DOUBLE Tf^ACK. Plan LUMBER TRUCK USED IK THE BOSTON DRY KILN MANUFACTURED BY THE BOSTON BLOWER CO., BOSTON.MASS. Elntefi FO^ee: Wheel double fOiNEE WHEEL z > ct a h z Ul t£ < M'f"Tti BV Trie BDSTDnI BLDWEF\CQ. BD5T0t4 M^5 5. liOS l OX ISl.OWKR ( 'OM PAN V, lioSTON, MaSS. APARTMENT DRY KILNS, .Apartment 1 )r\- Kilns, as ordinarily constructed heretofore, are cost!}’ and wasteful in the use of steam, and ix casks u.xsa i iskac porv ix rksults pkoduckd. Our standard 1’ru(;rkssivk Lkmp.kr Drvkr meets the requirements of those who handle lumber in large quantities, A\'hile for .maxim Aci t'RKRS (jf KUKNrrin-tK, sash, doors, st.aves, HK.VDixo, etc., who recjuire i hokouohi.v sK.\sr)Xi',D i.f.MP.ER, of different kinds and \'arious thicknesses, we have inx'ented an .-\p.\r'i .m k.x r Kiex. T'he results secured by this .Apartment Kiln are I'osrrivE under ai.l external cox- DPi lo.xs. It does not impair the ([uality of the lumber by destroying the life of the wood, and as there are xo stea.m pipes ix or u.xder piie Prvixo roo.m, i r is aiisoi.utelv sake as a FIRE RISR. AA’e guarantee it to be the sakesp, (juickesi', and .most saitskactorv .Apartment Kiln in the woi Id. In .Apartment Kilns hie rooms should not exceed twelve feet high, se\’enteen feet long I to accommodate twel\ e. fourteen, and sixteen foot lumber i, or twenty feet wide. In writing us, state HEioiir, w idih. and lexoim of each roo.m, and now maxv ro(.»ms are desired. T'he cut on page 22 shows phri-.e roo.ms, making six compartments, in which may be seasoned six different kinds or thicknesses of lumber. That which will season quickest can be removed at any time when dry without disturbing any other lot. For a kiln plant, consisting from one to ten rooms, we furnish : — Engine, with cast-iron foundation. Fly Wheel, .Automatic .Stop Variable-speed Governor, Governor belt. Sight-feed Lubricator, 'Throttle A’ale, littings and oil cups. (See page 20.) Fax Flower. (See pages 6 and 7.) Heater, complete with all required \ alves and littings (see pages 8 and 9): also, air duct with proper blast gates. AA’e furnish free: Plan for the building drawn to scale, with specifications for properly constructing the same, and instructions for erectinu ' "^aratus. AA'e can also furnish, if desired, a man to superintend putting together the Fngine., j|ilower. and Heater. I SEND FOR LIST OF USERS AND TESTIMONIALS. iiosToN IJi.owER Company, Boston. Mass. •4 •J 4 INSTRUCTIONS FOR ERECTING HOT BLAST APPARATUS, I. Place the Fait in itosition, .so that outlet enter.s air duct properly. Place the inlet connection on collar of Fan case and plumb; with a block of wood, drive it on tight bv pounding carefully close to collar. p Place the two I beams in position parallel with Fan Shaft, about si.x inches nearer to it than the corners of Ileater connection, the outer ends of beams must be distant from Heater connection the length of Heater case sides. 'Phen fasten beams to floor with lag screws. Place the Heater sections in position on the I beams, and, unless otherwise instructed, see that the ends marked " 1 ) " are at the side of 1 leater nearest mouth of Fan. 3. F.xamine the headers. These contain walls to separate the several portions of the Heater when both live and e.xhaust steam are used at one time. The one marked " I " is the inlet header, and must be placed at side of Heater farthest from mouth of Fan with steam supply openings up. Screw into each side hole in headers one of the lock nut ni])ples, carrying its lock nut, as far as it will go. 6. Raise to position one end of inlet header and enter the end nipple in base, then raise other end and enter nijtple at that end. The header will now remain in place. Enter all other ni|3|)les on this side of Heater, leaving them loose. 7. Place outlet header, marked "()” in corn'sponding position on opposite side of Heater (see section 5), and repeat same operation (see section 6). S. In entering nipples in bases be careful not to cro.ss the threads. When all nipples are properly entered make these joints tight, using oil freely in preference to lead. 9. Pack the lock nut joints by placing around each nipple three strands of asbestos packing, well saturated with oil, and then “making up” the lock nut as tightly as possible without stripping the thread. 10. Place the sides of Heater ease in position, bolting them loosely to inlet connection. I I. Place to|) of Heater case in position, bolting it loosely. I ’. Place all remaining bolts in Heater case. 'uid then tighten all uniformly. 13. Make all necessary connections on both sides of Heater, using oil freely in ])reference to lead. i .(. If the part of the 1 leater nearest the blower is arranged to use live steam in combination with e.xhaust steam in the remaining sections during the daytime, and it is desired to use live steam e.xclusively in the whole Heater at night, these two ])arts of the Heater must be connected independently with the steam trap or traps, and a valve |)laced in each tra]) connection, 15. Plow steam through the Heater freely, so as to blow out any sand or borings which may remain in the sections, before connecting trap. 1 ( 1 . KiI.KS I', IK SKTI-INC, ('ON.NI'.t'l IM;, \ N 1 1 I ) I'KK AT I NC. STK.XM TKAI'S: .\. Take the cover from the trap and remove the wooden blocking, then re])lace cover. 1 !. Set the trap level. IPse a direct drip connection pipe, with valve from the return pipe (close to the trap) to the hot water receiver. I). I'se an air vent cock in the hole in the trap cover. I.eave this cock a trille open always. F. Place a dri]) cock in the hole at the bottom of the trap. F. To start and operate the trap. In mild weather, as a rule, it is necessary only to ojjen the vent cock on to|) for a few minutes. In very cold weather it may be nece.ssary to open the direct dri]) v:dve. to get a more free discharge than the opening through the tra]) furnishes. Pile drip cock at bottom is to dr-in the tra]) at times when there is danger of freezing. ( 1 . These " staiuhird traps ” some -1 to ojierate, either by not discharging water or by allowing steam to escape. In eitl;^ ^ .here is probably dirt on the stem or sleeve that guides the lloal. T;d 'yy '-a T^^»'' ^'V;'* V* »■ > ■ » t r««'.' ' - j . • ■^\"#' . ' ■ • / V X:,*V ■ y®feydinSt©“- .. . - ^ ^SllT Bogim, lfe^.IUSiL J i Wf CO.. PMINTtHS, a09t0N.