LAMONT-DOHERTY GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY of Columbia University Palisades, New York SEA FLOOR GEOTHERMAL MEASUREMENTS FROM VEMA CRUISE 23 by Marcus G. Langseth, Jr. Isabel Malone Dee Breger ' November 1970 Technical Report No^CU-2-70 ONR Contract N00014-67-A-0108-0004 NSF Grant GA 5356 Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government. 9 Distribution of this document is unlimited. 4 I ?! LAMONT-DOHERTY GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY of Columbia University Palisades, New York SEA FLOOR GEOTHERMAL MEASUREMENTS FROM VEMA CRUISE 23 by Marcus G. Langseth, Jr. Isabel Malone Dee Breger November 1970 Technical Report No^ CU-2-70 ONR Contract N00014-67-A-0108-0004 NSF Grant GA 5356 Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government. Distribution of this document is unlimited Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2020 with funding from Columbia University Libraries https://archive.org/details/seafloorgeotherrn00unse_0 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 3 Instrument Techniques . 3 The Ewing Thermograd . 3 Water Temperature Measurements . 4 Instrument Depth Measurements . 4 Sediment Temperatures . 5 Conductivity Measurements . 6 Reduction of Thermograd and Conductivity Data . 6 Presentation of Data.7 Listings of Data.13 Plots of the Geothermal Data ..13 Notes About the Geothermal Data.13 Acknowledgements.16 References.17 Station Data . 18-168 ILLUSTRATIONS Frontispiece - Track of VEMA 23 showing heat flow values, with inset of intensive survey area. TABLES Table 1 - Thermal Data.9-11 Table 2 - Evaluation Index 12 Track of VEMA 23 showing heat Stations with a clash indicate flow values, conductivity with inset of intensive survey area, measurement only. 3 Introduction : This report gives results of temperature measurements in the deep-ocean water and sea-floor sediment, and results of conductivity measurements on sediment cores taken with the temperature measurements. These measurements were made on VEMA Cruise 23 that left New York City July 27, 1966, and returned to New York City on December 15, 1966, spend¬ ing the entire time in the North Atlantic. The principal objective of these measurements is to determine the geothermal heat flux through the sea floor (see for example Bullard, 1954). These measurements are also pertinent to studies of water temperature in the deep ocean, and steady- state and transient thermal processes at the sediment-water interface. We have attempted in this report to present the data in a form that is useful to scientists interested in the thermal regime of the deep ocean. Instrument Techniques : For a complete description of the instruments and techniques used to measure temperature and conductivity in the deep sea see Gerard jet al. (1960) and Langseth (1965). A summary of the mea¬ surement technique is given below so that the reader can better assess the data. The Ewing Thermograd : All of the temperature data reported was mea¬ sured with the Ewing thermograd. This instrument uses an array of 3 to 5 thermistor probes mounted along a coring tube to measure sediment tempera¬ tures, a thermistor probe to measure water temperature, and a pressure gauge to indicate the depth of the instrument in the water. The tempera¬ ture and pressure are recorded on 70 mm film as analog traces. The re¬ corder is placed inside of a pressure case that is secured inside the ’ ' 4 weight at the top of the piston corer. Water Temperature Measurements : Water temperatures are measured dur¬ ing lowering and hoisting of the thermograd with a bead-type thermistor that is mounted in a watertight stainless steel probe. The diameter of the probe is about 1.25 mm and its length is 2.5 cm. The probe has a time constant of about 0.5 sec in flowing water. This probe is mounted on the pressure vessel. During lowering, the water probe points downward so that relatively undisturbed water is continually flowing past it. (Lower¬ ing rates vary from 100 to 200 meters/minute.) Upon hoisting, the probe is in the wake of the core weight. (Hoisting rates are usually 50 to 100 meters/minute.) The water temperature trace on the 70 mm film record has a displace¬ ment of about 2.5 cm/°C. The film record can be read with a precision of about 0.1 mm. The water probe is calibrated prior to use at sea in a constant-temperature bath at 5 or 6 points with a absolute accuracy of ■£0.05° C. The relative accuracy of calibration between temperature points is about +0.005° C. Instrument Depth Measurements : The depth of the instrument below the sea surface is measured by a pressure gauge. This gauge consists of a cav¬ ity exposed to the ambient sea pressure and surrounded by strain-sensitive wires. The linearity of the gauge is about 0.35%. The pressure detected by the gauge is recorded as a separate trace on the 70 mm film record. The sensitivity of this trace is variable but is usually equivalent to 1500 m/cm in terms of water depth. Thus the resolution of the record is ' . about 15 m. Depths during lowering are found by a linear interpolation between the surface and bottom readings. The accuracy of depth reading is about ±25 m. Sediment Temperatures : Temperatures at up to five points below the sediment-water interface are measured by means of thermistor probes mount¬ ed along the core tube. The thermistor is in the end of a stainless steel probe 0.317 cm in diameter. This probe is pressure proof and mounted on a steel fin so that it is held about 5 cm from the core tube. The probe itself is secured in a plastic (PVC) collar that provides thermal insula¬ tion from the fin. The tip of the probe projects about one inch beyond this collar. To measure sediment temperatures the corer is lowered to within about a hundred meters of the bottom and held for a few minutes to allow the probes to equilibrate in the nearly isothermal near bottom water. The corer is then lowered until bottom contact is made. Upon contact, the corer free-falls about 10 ft., penetrating the sediment to depths up to 25 meters. The corer is left undisturbed in the sediment for about 5 minutes. During this time temperatures are recorded as the probes equili¬ brate with the sediment. The corer is then extracted from the sediment and hoisted back up to the ship. The sediment probes are calibrated in the same way as the water probe described earlier. Temperature gradients in the sediment, which are of prime interest, are determined by taking the difference between measure¬ ments in the water near the bottom and in the sediment after equilibration. 6 Thus in determining gradients we depend only on the relative calibration accuracy which is +0.005° C. Conductivity Measurements : Measurements of thermal conductivity are made on the sediment core samples aboard the research ship about one hour after the core has been extruded from the core tube. A thin probe is imbedded in the sediment and the temperature measured while the probe is heated at a constant rate. We use a probe about 6 cm in length and 0.8 mm in diameter that contains a 50 ft heater wire and a thermistor. The probe is inserted into the 2 1/2” sediment sample at an angle of about 45° to the long axis of the core. Six volts is applied to the heater and the temperature rise is recorded on a Varian strip-chart recorder for about two minutes. Reduction of Thermograd and Conductivity Data : The trace displace¬ ments on the 70 mm thermograd film record are read by means of a digitiz¬ ing table. The film is projected with a magnification of about 4X onto the surface of the table. The minimum digitizing increment of this table is 0.01". The digitized trace displacements corresponding to water and mud temperatures and instrument depth are entered on computer punch cards. The digitized film traces are reduced to temperature versus depth informa¬ tion by means of an IBM 1130 computer. The conductivity measurements are reduced by manually reading dis¬ placements from the strip chart records. Displacement versus resistance calibration, made on board ship, and temperature versus resistance cali¬ bration of the thermistor are used to reduce the displacements to 7 temperature. Readings are taken approximately every 10 seconds after the probe heater is turned on. These temperatures are then plotted versus the logarithm of time. The slope of these semi-log plots can be interpreted in terms of conductivity by means of the following relation. K = Q • ln(t 2 /tl. ) 4tt (T 2 - Ti) where: Q = the heater power in cal/cm sec t2 and are times after heater turn-on usually 10 and 100 seconds T 2 and T^ are temperatures at t^ and t 2 * PRESENTATION OF THE DATA: Summary Table : The thermal data relevant to the geothermal heat flux is given for each station in Table 1. The depths are given in corrected meters, determined by taking the depth indicated by the Precision Depth Recorder at the time of the core contact and correcting for the velocity of sound in water using Matthews (1939) tables. The gradient refers to the vertical gradient in the sediment usually determined from temperature measurements at the two deepest points in the sediment. Units are °C/10 m. The listed conductivity value is the harmonic mean of all measurements within the interval of gradient measurement. Units are mcal/°C sec cm. 8 Each conductivity measurement is followed by an U M" or "A" which indicate whether the value is based on measurements (M) or is assumed from nearby stations (A). Heat flow is the product of the gradient and the conductivity. The units are ycal/cm^sec. The evaluation is a subjective index applied by the authors to indicate the appraisal of the reliability of the temperature and conductivity measure¬ ments. The numbers are interpreted in Table 2. TABLE 1: VEMA 23 GEOTHERMAL DATA 9 Latitude North Longitude West Dep th Meters Gradient Conduct. Heat Flow Eval. T'Grad Number Core Number Year 41° 55’ 61° 21 ' 4193 0.40 2.20(A) 0.88 3 3 7 1966 40° 33 f 60° 49’ 4981 0.54 2.24 (M) 1.21 8 4 8 1966 41° 31’ 45° 08' 4845 0.36 2.15(M) 0.77 10 9 13 1966 43° 29’ 45° 15’ 3200 0.37 2.41(A) 0.89 4 10 14 1966 o 00 ' 45° 03' 2803 0.49 2.43(M) 1.19 4 11 16 1966 49° 38' 44° 57' 3372 0.34 2.50 (M) 0.85 10 12 19 1966 51° 24’ 44° 36' 4120 0.38 2.36(M) 0.90 9 13 20 1966 52° 06' 45° 27' 4230 1.50 2.20(A) 3.30 2 14 21 1966 54° 12 ' 45° 58' 3667 0.81 1.97(M) 1.60 10 15 22 1966 56° 04' 44° 33' 3259 0.73 2.03(M) 1.48 10 16 23 1966 59° 46’ 39° 24' 2776 0.76 1.98(M) 1.50 10 19 27 1966 60° 07’ 29° 09' 1141 0.81 1.72(M) 1.39 8 20 30 1966 61° 25' 26° 01 ' 1426 1.79 1.75(M) 3.13 10 21 32 1966 61° 52' 26° 22 ' 875 0.24 2.48(M) 0.60 7 22 33 1966 62° 35' 26° 57' 1415 0.61 2.45(M) 1.49 10 23 34 1966 62° 00 ’ 28° 41’ 1606 0.87 2.57(M) 2.23 10 24 35 1966 62° 13' 28° 23’ 1634 0.18 2.20(A) 0.40 10 25 36 1966 62° 31' 27° 58' 1540 2.24(M) 26 37 1966 62° 40’ 27° 34' 1428 0.52 2.30(M) 1.20 10 27 38 1966 62° 35’ 27° 46' 1465 0.19 2.05(M) 0.39 10 28 39 1966 61° 43' 28° 45' 1609 0.03 2.20 (M) 0.07 10 29 40 1966 61° 60’ 28° 14’ 1648 0.02 2.17 (M) 0.04 10 30 41 1966 62° 11 ' 27° 56' 1511 0.25 2.32 (M) 0.58 10 31 42 1966 61° 23’ 28° 03’ 1362 2.65(M) 32 43 1966 | 61° 29' 27 °. 53’ 708 0.69 2.37(M) 1.64 10 33 44 1966 TABLE 1: VEMA 23 GEOTHERMAL DATA 10 Latitude North Longitude Depth Meters Gradient Conduct. Heat Plow Eval. T'Grad Number Core Number Year 61° 38' 27° 35’ 1251 0.95 2.51(M) 2.38 10 34 45 1966 61° 53’ 27° 45' 1348 0.74 2.44(M) 1.81 10 35 46 1966 61° 36’ 28° 13' 1558 0.42 2.63(M) 1.10 10 36 47 1966 62° 13' 27° 13' 1439 0.75 2.16(M) 1.62 10 37 48 1966 60° 09' 29° 27’ 1097 0.59 2.30 (M) 1.36 10 38 49 1966 62° 23' 29° 09' 1134 0.34 2.39(M) 0.81 10 39 50 1966 60° 32' 28° 54’ 1088 0.80 2.06(M) 1.65 10 40 51 1966 59° 50' 29° 17' 1287 0.73 2.14(M) 1.56 10 43 54 1966 62° 52’ 27° 14' 1378 0.49 2.35 (M) 1.15 10 44 55 1966 74° 02 ' 7° 24' E 1928 1.90 2.35(A) 4.47 8 47 61 1966 74° 54’ 1 ° 37' E 3713 rr 2* 92(M) - - 48 62 1966 77° 57’ 0 ° 12' E 3052 0.71 2.89(M) 2.05 8 49 63 1966 77° 52’ 7° 16' E 2531 0.29 2.60(A) 0.75 3 50 64 1966 ON o 59' 7° 05' E 2941 1.94 2.42(A) 4.69 8 51 66 1966 75° 36' 0 ° 17' E 2511 - 2.77(M) - - 52 67 1966 72° 04' 1 ° 24' E 2360 2.86 2.24(A) 6.41 9 53 69 1966 70° 59’ 6 ° 41' E 3043 1.11 2.44(A) 2.74 8 54 70 1966 64° 48’ 1 ° 19' W 2930 0.32 2.55(A) 0.82 10 55 75 1966 63° 39' 1 ° 22' E 1743 0.13 2.55(A) 0.33 5 56 76 1966 60° 56’ 17* s 34'W 2445 2.62 (M 1 - 57 79 1966 24° 07' 17 0 26’ 1934 *- 2.50 (M) - - 59 97 1966 23° 07' 19 ° 18' .3508 0.24 2.17 (M) 0.52 7 60 98 1966 21 ° 18’ 22 ° 41' 4576 0.35 2.64(M) 0.92 8 61 100 1966 18° 33’ 28 ° 09' 4649 0.63 2.87(M) 1.81 7 62 102 1966 11 TABLE 1: VEMA 23 GEOTHERMAL DATA Latitude North Longitude West Depth Meters Gradient Conduct. Heat Flow Eval. T’Grad Numb er Core Number Year 17° 42' 29° 52' 4645 0.45 2.69(M) 1.21 8 63 103 1966 17° 13' 32° 21' 4955 0.56 2.61(M) 1.46 9 64 104 1966 17° 12' 35° 50' 5011 0.56 2.51(M) 1.41 7 65 105 1966 17° 25’ 39° 01' 5104 1.12 2.36(M) 2.64 8 66 106 1966 17° 24' 43° 14' 4369 - 2.65(M) - 0 67 108 1966 17° 22' 45° 04' 4327 0.24 2.57(M) 0.62 8 68 109 1966 17° 16' 46° 45' 2847 2.48 2.60(M) 6.45 9 69 112 1966 17° 16' 47° 21' 4142 0.24 2.96(M) 0.71 9 70 113 1966 22° 48’ 61° 40' 5740 - 2.52(M) - - 72 133 1966 25° 58’ 60° 19' 5874 0.50 2.35(M) 1.18 6 73 135 1966 27° 26' 61° 18' 5770 0.29 2.21(M) 0.64 8' 74 136 1966 34° 25’ 60° 40' 4766 0.63 2.50(A) 1.58 7 75 141 1966 36° 14' 65° 43' 4925 0.83 2.65(M) 2.20 7 76 142 1966 37° 05' 69° 36’ 4314 0.52 2.54(M) 1.32 8 77 143 1966 12 TABLE 2: DEFINITION OF EVALUATION INDEX Estimated Index Error Range Reliability Remarks 9-10 5-10% High Three or more sediment temps. 7-8 10-15% Good Only two probes in sediment. Conductivity may be assumed. 5-6 15-50% Fair Corer may have moved in sediment. Apparent shunting of thermistors. 4 >30% Poor Only one probe in sediment. <3 — Unacceptable 13 Listings of the Data : Individual listings of the temperature and depth data are given for each station. Depths and corresponding in situ and potential temperatures (computed from Wust, 1961) are given. At some stations malfunction of either the water probe or pressure gauge obviated any measurement, in such cases the listing of water temperatures is omitted. Sediment conductivity values are listed with the depth of measurement in the sediment. Conductivity values followed by an "F" are measurements made in sediment sucked into the pipe by the piston after full penetration was reached. This sediment, "flow-in," is highly disturbed and measure¬ ments in it should not be used in calculating heat-flow values. Plots of Geothermal Data : The listed data for each station is pre¬ sented graphically on the page following the listings. A note about the conductivity presentation: each value is printed out at a depth corres¬ ponding to the distance from the top of the core to the point of measure¬ ment. This usually represents the true depth in the sediment within ilO cm. NOTES ABOUT THE GEOTHERMAL DATA: On the VEMA 23 Cruise a profile of thermograd stations, V23 9-16, was made across the southern end of the Labrador Sea. Another group com¬ prises a detailed survey on the Reykjanes Ridge V23 20-24. These measure¬ ments have been reported in Talwani e_t al . (1970). The Reykjanes Ridge measurements are notable in that most of the sediment temperature profiles were strongly influenced by relatively large changes in bottom-water 14 temperature. Other stations in the Atlantic show similar influences, e.g. stations 12, 13, 19, 60, 62, and 70. It should be stressed that the evalu¬ ation numbers given in Table 1 refer only to the reliability of the gradient and conductivity measurements and do not indicate any effects such as tran¬ sient heat flow that could affect the representativeness of the heat flow value of the region where the measurement was made. Stations V23 47-56 are in the Norwegian Sea. The measurements are the first reported in the eastern part of this sea. Three measurements near the mid-oceanic ridge have values well above the oceanic average. Conductivity measurements in the sediments in the Norwegian Sea are all abnormally high. We have reasons to believe that these high values are inaccurate and were due to a malfunction of the measuring equipment on the ship. Further geothermal measurements in the Norwegian Sea were made on VEMA 27 in 1969. The VEMA 27 conductivity values are consistently lower than the VEMA 23 values* The average of 18 VEMA 27 values is 2.51 mcal/cm sec°C. This average is significantly lower than the average of VEMA 23 values. Water contents of sediment cores taken in the Norwegian Sea were made available by David Horn of this laboratory. The water content can be used to make an estimate of the thermal conductivity, K, through the empirical relation, K = (95 + 7.41 x W)”l (Lachenbruch and Marshall, 1967); where W is the water content. The average value of conductivity based on 15 the water content of 28 core samples is 2.65, which is in fair agreement with the VEMA 27 values. To calculate heat flow in Table 1 we have used assumed values of thermal conductivity based on nearby VEMA 27 stations. However, in the individual station listings and plots of conductivity values we have indicated the original value. The remainder of the stations V23 60-77 form a transatlantic profile. Several of these stations show evidence of transient disturbances as noted earlier. One very high value was measured near the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 16 Acknowledgements : This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-67-A-0108-0004. Chief scientist aboard ship during the VEMA 23 Cruise when geothermal measurements were made were, Charles Windisch, Manik Talwani and John Ewing. The measurements were made by Egon Nepf. Thomas Trout assisted Mr. Nepf on the first two legs of the cruise. H. C. Kohler, Captain of the VEMA, as usual made an important contribution to the success of the scientific program of the cruise. 17 REFERENCES Bullard, E. C., The flow of heat through the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A, 222, 408-429, 1954. Gerard, R., M. Langseth, and M. Ewing, Thermal gradient measurements in the water and bottom sediment of the western Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res. 67, 785-803, 1962. Lachenbruch, A., and B. V. Marshall, Heat flow through the Arctic Ocean floor: The Canada Basin-Alpha Rise boundary, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 1223-1248, 1966. Langseth, M., Techniques of measuring heat flow through the ocean floor. Terrestrial Heat Flow, Geophysical Monograph No. 8, A. G. U., 1965. Matthews, D. J., Tables of the velocity of sound in pure water and sea water for use in echo-sounding and sound-ranging, H. D. 282, Hydrographic Department, Admiralty, London, 52 pp., 1939. Talwani, M., C. Windisch, and M. Langseth, Jr., Reykjanes Ridge crest: A detailed geophysical study, 1970, in press. Wiist, G., Tables for rapid computation of potential temperature, Tech. Report CU-9-61-AT(30-1)1808 Geol., January 1961. 18 TGRAD STATION V23 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTI DEPTH TEMPERATURE TEMPERAT 3252. 2.71 2.41 3290. 2.68 2.38 3308. 2.64 2.34 3 535. 2.49 2.17 3777. 2.41 2.06 3964. 2.36 1.99 4079. 2.35 1.96 4078. 2.34 1.95 4286. 2.33 1.91 4522. 2.31 1.87 4698. 2.31 1.84 4734. 2.31 1.84 4726. 2.31 1.84 4736. 2.31 1.83 4713. 2.31 1.83 4823. 2.31 1.82 4965. 2.32 1.81 4970. 2.33 1.82 5038. 2.33 1.81 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 19 0 i 2 3 4 5 i 0 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 -Li II [Ti l l 111111 ill 11111II11 111111111 mi [it ii 111111111 iinlniF i n 111111 iiiilim ■ 11111111 iiiilim — * * mm —— X + — K + — * — “ - > ♦ — — X ♦ - — X ♦ TGRAD STATION — — M X ♦ ♦ V 2 3 2 = — SEIf LOOK — miliin miliiii 111111111 n 1111 n i 111111 n i CONDUCTIVITY 5 20 TGRAD STATION V23-003 WATER TEMPERATURES DEPTH IN SITU TEMPERATURE POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 2436. 3.21 3.00 2455. 3. 19 2.97 2522. 3. 13 2.91 2655. 3.03 2.80 2771. 2.95 2.70 2925. 2.82 2.56 2959. 2.77 2.51 3028. 2.74 2.47 3125. 2.67 2.39 3156. 2.63 2.35 3376. 2.48 2.18 3656. 2.36 2.03 3872. 2.29 1.93 4019. 2.25 1.87 4042. 2.23 1.86 4095. 2.22 1.84 4096. 2.22 1.83 4081. 2.22 1.84 4119. 2.23 1.84 4168. 2.22 1.83 4190. 2.23 1.83 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 1.52 4.58 2.30 2.41 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) 21 0 i 2 3 4 i TEMPERATURE ( C ) 01234567 ITTrpTN 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 tit i |TN i Mil |l III in 11 m i miji m ■i i j.i 1 111 r 111111111 TTTT | H'l 1 111111111 i X X X 4 * + : * 4- ► i .111111 ii ■ 11111111 X Jr + * * X + ( 4- 4- T 6 R / u ^ 0 STA o q - n n U —1 (—t □ 1 II l ill 1 u — t f — — ♦ SEA FLOOR cooling CONDUCTIVITY IlllIllll 11II11111 imliiii ■ 11111111 milmi 5 22 DEPTH 2466. 2528. 2544. 2604. 2777. 2812. 2856. 2941. 2981. 3008. 3136. 3135. 3242. 3483. 3691. 3922. 3881. 4227. 4322. 4550. 4532. 4725. 4807. 4767. 4761. 4778. 4772. 4907. 4950. 4950. TGRAD STATION V23-004 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.14 3.14 3.10 3.05 2.90 2.87 2.84 2.80 2.77 2.66 2.64 2.63 2.57 2.44 2.40 2.37 2.36 2.33 2.32 2.31 2.31 2.32 2.31 2.32 2.32 2.33 2.32 2.29 2.29 2.30 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 2.93 2.92 2.88 2.82 2.66 2.62 2.59 2.54 2.50 2.39 2.36 2.35 2.28 2.13 2.06 2.00 2.00 1.92 1.90 1.86 1.86 1.85 1.83 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.83 1.79 1.79 1.80 23 SEDIMENT DEPTH 0.80 4.46 7.52 10.98 SEDIMENT DEPTH 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 5.80 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.05 TEMPERATURES TEMPERATURE 2.43 2.52 2.69 2.89 CONDUCTIVITIES CONDUCTIVITY 2.49 2.21 2.15 2.13 2.30 2.30 2.26 2.33 2.10 2.27 2 . 12 2.33 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 24 25 DEPTH 3184. 3266. 3340. 3391. 3457. 3488. 3595. 3677. 3819. 4046. 4289. 4635. 4756. 4980. 5201. 5077. 5037. 5013. 5048. 5144. 5202. 5238. TGRAD STATION V23-006 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.02 2.96 2.92 2.88 2.80 2.78 2.71 2.62 2.54 2.45 2.36 2.32 2.31 2.31 2.29 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.27 2.28 2.27 2.26 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 2.73 2.66 2.60 2.56 2.48 2.46 2.37 2.27 2.18 2.06 1.94 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.74 1.76 1.76 1.77 1.75 1.74 1.73 1.71 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) 26 TEMPERATURE ( C ) 27 DEPTH 2693. 2718. 2745. 2965. 3099. 3294. 3404. 3396. 3543. 3785. 4000. 4163. 4189. 4184. 4139. 4348. 4574. 4684. 4682. 4900. 4996. 5017. 4993. 4960. 5059. 5121. 5179. 5199. TGRAD STATION V23 7 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.33 3.31 3.29 3.18 3.05 2.86 2.78 2.78 2.68 2.54 2.43 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.36 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.32 2.33 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 3.08 3.06 3.04 2.90 2.76 2.56 2.46 2.46 2.35 2.18 2.05 1.98 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.94 1.88 1.87 1.87 1.82 1.82 1.81 1.82 1.83 1.81 1.80 1.78 1.78 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 28 01234567 0 i 2 3 4 5 i TTTTJTTTT ii 1111 ri i IIII111II TTTTjTTTT II1111II1 Tlll|llll I II 11I IIX inilmi iiiilini 11 II | 1II i * * # — 111111111 X X + X ♦ X ♦ X ♦ ► iiiilini inilmi i X X X i * ♦ ♦ ■*» t T G R / V \D ST^’ 23 VI —1 HH o lllllllll — 1 I — inilmi lllllllll lllllllll SCI f LOOK niilim iiiilini CONDUCTIVITY 5 29 DEPTH 2827 • 2841# 2888. 3106. 3244. 3389. 3578. 3554. 3768. 3962. 4180. 4279. 4291. 4487. 4699. 4990. 4283. 4457. 4707. 4960. 5120. 5121. 5165. 5183. TGRAD STATION V23 8 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.21 3.21 3.17 3.04 2.90 2.78 2.65 2.64 2.51 2.43 2.36 2.35 2.34 2.33 2.33 2.31 2.32 2.28 2.28 2.27 2.28 2.27 2.26 2.27 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 2.96 2.95 2.90 2.75 2.60 2.47 2.31 2.31 2.16 2.05 1.96 1.94 1.93 1.89 1.86 1.80 1.91 1.84 1.81 1.77 1.75 1.74 1.73 1.73 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) 0 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 ill l| I'llT TTTTJTTTT TTITJTTTT TTTTJTTTT TTTTJTTTT 111111111 TTTTJTTTT ■ll.u 1 1 II 1 iiiilmi * iiiiIiiii — X ► — X 4- — X + — — M ♦ — _ X + — — > 4- — — M ♦ — - * — — ac 44- TGRAO STATION I — Yi 4|- V 2 3 8 1 — * — — SEA FLOOR — iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii CONDUCTIVITY 31 TGRAD STATION V23-009 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL DEPTH TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 2623. 3.33 3.09 2665. 3.29 3.05 2704. 3.27 3.03 2743. 3.27 3.02 2979. 3.09 2.81 3238. 2.93 2.63 3442. 2.75 2.42 3506. 2.69 2.36 3517. 2.68 2.35 3670. 2.59 2.24 3691. 2.57 2.22 3784. 2.52 2.16 3883. 2.46 2.09 4090. 2.37 1.98 4292. 2.33 1.92 4402. 2.31 1.88 4384. 2.31 1.89 4512. 2.32 1.87 4731. 2.31 1.83 4765. 2.30 1.82 4753. 2.30 1.83 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 1.75 2.42 8.59 2.67 12.20 2.76 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.02 3.00 2.40 5.40 1.96 7.50 2.25 9.50 2.40 10.40 3.90 11.30 3.73 TEMPERATURE ( C ) 32 CL Ld CD or Ul 01234567 33 DEPTH 2629* 2694. 2806. 2929. 2255. 2995. 3002. 3001. 3011. 3022. 3114. 3132. TGRAD STATION V23-010 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.27 3.21 3.14 3.04 2.97 2.95 2.95 2.94 2.94 2.93 2.89 2.87 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 3.03 2.97 2.89 2.77 2.78 2.68 2.67 2.67 2.66 2.66 2.60 2.58 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 3.38 2.99 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) 34 TEMPERATURE ( C ) 3 4 5 G 0 JJ1111111 111111 111 TTTTjTTTT TTTTjTTTT rnT|Tni TrTTJTTTT TTTTjTTTT 1 1 II 1 1 111 iiiiImii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > X X < +■ ♦ ♦ ► T G R / M ( 0 STA* P^.fH r i o n - n — < ■ coolin' SEAFLOOR J CONDUCTIVITY Illllllll Illllllll iiiilim illllllll illllllll 3 1 10 35 TGRAD STATI0NV23-0U SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 1.00 2.92 3.90 3.07 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 0.90 1.92 3.00 2.52 5.00 3.03 6.90 2.51 PENETRATION (M) IATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 36 12345678 ]TTT|TTTT IIII | II11 TTHJ7I11 111111111 TTTI11111 TTTTjTTTT 11111111 j_ — — — T 6 R / V ^0 STA' 23-01 r i on — i I — SEA FLOOR « i.ae _ ■ 2*55 — ■ 3*03 - « 2*51 _ CONDUCTIVITY ■ 11111111 ■ 1111 n n 111111111 miliiii 37 DEPTH 486. 683. 718. 787. 815. 1038. 1251. 1490. 1559. 1608. 1692. 1900. 2068. 2259. 2335. 2346. 2466. 2620. 2824. 2944. 3037. 3056. 3072. 3106. 3246. 3262. 3268. 3255. 3253. 3245. 3289. 3303. 3333. 3363. TGRAD STATION V23-012 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.90 3.78 3.79 3.78 3.75 3.62 3.54 3.50 3.49 3.50 3.44 3.33 3.20 3.02 2.96 2.96 2.86 2.73 2.56 2.37 2.26 2.25 2.24 2.22 2.13 2.12 2.12 2.11 2.12 2.12 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.06 POTENTIAL temperature 3.86 3.73 3.74 3.72 3.69 3.54 3.44 3.37 3.36 3.36 3.30 3.17 3.03 2.83 2.77 2.76 2.65 2.51 2.32 2.12 2.00 1.99 1.98 1.96 1.85 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.83 1.82 1.79 1.77 38 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 0.70 2.16 4.05 2.33 7.33 2.44 10.60 2.55 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.34 2.90 3.25 5.00 2.31 7.00 2.57 9.00 2.30 10.40 2.96 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) 39 TEMPERATURE / C ) 40 DEPTH 620. 665. 705. 922. 1124. 1177. 1215. 1322. 1431. 1495. 1526. 1518. 1771. 1994. 2209. 2319. 2320. 2445. 2475. 2542. 2691. 2876. 3041. 3044. 3270. 3465. 3729. 3746. 3886. 3858. 3863. 3844. 3833. 3857. 3875. 3824. 3876. 3968. 4040. 4065. 4106. TGRAD STATION V23-013 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.96 3.98 3.91 3.81 3.69 3.65 3.67 3.60 3.57 3.62 3.60 3.62 3.53 3.41 3.30 3.22 3.20 3.17 3. 13 3.07 2.91 2.63 2.54 2.53 2.43 2.30 2.16 2.16 2.11 2.12 2.12 2.11 2.13 2.12 2.11 2.13 2.10 2.09 2.01 2.00 2.01 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 3.91 3.93 3.85 3.74 3.60 3.56 3.58 3.5Q 3.46 3.50 3.48 3.49 3.38 3.24 3.11 3.02 3.00 2.96 2.91 2.85 2.67 2.38 2.27 2.27 2.14 1.99 1.82 1.82 1.75 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.78 1.77 1.76 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.64 1.63 1.63 41 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH 1.85 5.22 8.57 11.73 SEDIMENT CONDUC DEPTH 1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 8.30 TEMPERATURE 2. 16 2.31 2.42 2.55 IVITIES CONDUCTIVITY 1.74 1.51 2.38 2.18 2.54 PENETRATION (M) WATEROEPTH (KM) 42 TEMPERATURE ( C ) 3 1 E 3 A 5 E 7 ITTT TTTT TTTT pm - TTTTjTTTT TTTTJTTTT 1II111111 III 111111 iiiiiiiii — . — — Xf — — « X4- x+ ** — X 4- I l l 1 1 1 1 : rf X X + X 4- C 4- # 4- — — X + — — X + — — X + — .. * ♦ ■ ■■■ i. - M 1 x ♦ $ 4» T6RAD STATION - V23-013 _2_: - + SEA FLOOR ■ 1-74 — — « 1-51 — ■ 2-30 + — ■ £-1J0 — — 4- « 2*54 — .LLLL llll mi Jill 4- lllllllll milini iiiiliin CONDUCTIVITY A i 10 43 DEPTH 624. 676. 710. 798. 845. 894. 1004. 1248. 1393. 1499. 1489. 1692. 1763. 2009. 2236. 2410. 2410. 2613. 2774. 3053. 3294. 3277. 3515. 3760. 4063. 4065. 4089. 4062. 4045. 4146. 4166. 4193. TGRAD STATION V23-014 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.95 3.91 3.85 3.79 3.76 3.73 3.65 3.61 3.57 3.54 3.53 3.53 3.47 3.37 3.23 3.09 3.12 2.98 2.84 2.66 2.51 2.51 2.38 2.26 2.14 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.14 2.06 2.08 2.07 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 3.91 3.86 3.79 3.73 3.70 3.67 3.58 3.51 3.46 3.42 3.41 3.38 3.32 3.20 3.04 2.88 2.91 2.76 2.60 2.39 2.21 2.22 2.07 1.92 1.76 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.76 1.68 1.69 1.68 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.01 2.38 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH ( K M i TEMPERATURE (C) 44 111111111 '"! 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 TTTTJTTTT lllljllll # 1111111 ll TTTTJTTTT TTTTpTT 111111111 x+ x-*. * 4- X 4- 111111111 111111111 X -1 X 4> 1 1 4- • 11111M11 — X X 4- if ♦ X 4- 4- T G R / \j ^ D STA' o q - n 4 lllljllll o i—i 1— T — ** — — 4- S€A FLOOR CONDUCTIVITY nnliiii 1111 1 11 n nnliiii nnliiii 111111111 45 TGRAD STATION V23-015 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL OEPTH temperature TEMPERATURE 469. 4.00 3.97 526. 3.93 3.89 585. 3.87 3.83 849. 3.73 3.67 889. 3.73 3.66 1074. 3.63 3.55 1317. 3.59 3.48 1455. 3.56 3.45 1513. 3.58 3.46 1608. 3.56 3.43 1781. 3.52 3.37 1859. 3.50 3.35 1804. 3.50 3.35 2105. 3.36 3.18 2407. 3.17 2.96 2690. 3.06 2.82 2773. 3.06 2.81 2811. 3.05 2.80 2903. 3.00 2.74 2940. 2.99 2.73 2928. 2.97 2.70 2972. 2.96 2.69 3092. 2.87 2.59 3298. 2.73 2.43 3353. 2.73 2.42 3384. 2.67 2.36 3507. 2.60 2.28 3505. 2.60 2.27 3478. 2.59 2.27 3481. 2.60 2.28 3481. 2.61 2.28 3475. 2.60 2.28 3474. 2.61 2.29 3519. 2.57 2.24 3564. 2.52 2.19 3593. 2.49 2.16 46 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.00 2.57 5.48 2.86 8.68 3.15 11.99 3.39 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.00 3.00 2.06 5.00 1.99 7.00 1.91 9.00 1.91 10.70 1.99 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 47 012345S7 48 depth 536. 571. 615. 772. 997. 1264. 1371. 1450. 1440. 1613. 1654. 1826. 2064. 2278. 2271. 2558. 2722. 2745. 2724. 2781. 2972. 3147. 3160. 3133. 3206. 3221. 3262. TGRAD STATION V23-016 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.86 3.83 3.78 3.64 3.55 3.51 3.52 3.54 3.53 3.56 3.53 3.49 3.36 3.17 3.18 3.00 2.86 2.87 2.86 2.84 2.68 2.56 2.55 2.56 2.50 2.50 2.49 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 3.82 3.78 3.73 3.58 3.48 3.41 3.41 3.42 3.41 3.43 3.40 3.34 3.19 2.97 2.98 2.78 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.60 2.42 2.28 2.27 2.28 2.22 2.22 2.20 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERA 1.85 2.60 5.24 2.83 8.44 3.09 11.75 3.33 49 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 1.61 3.00 2.10 5.00 2.00 7.00 2.03 9.00 2.01 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) 50 TEMPERATURE (C) 012345G7 51 DEPTH 590. 697. 842 • 1066. 1136. 1321. 1412. 1562. 1677. 1710. 1786. 2034. 2234. 2457. 2692. 2715. 2775. 3014. 3046. 3167. 3233. 3345. 3362. 3348. 3340. 3342. 3347. 3363. 3378. 3374. 3388. 3428. 3463. TGRAD STATION V23 17 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.92 3.81 3.63 3.56 3.57 3.51 3.51 3.54 3.52 3.52 3.49 3.37 3.27 3.18 3.03 3.02 3.01 2.84 2.83 2.85 2.69 2.53 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.50 2.41 2.42 2.40 2.23 1.98 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 3.88 3.76 3.56 3.48 3.48 3.41 3.40 3.41 3.38 3.38 3.34 3.20 3.07 2.96 2.79 2.78 2.76 2.57 2.56 2.56 2.40 2.23 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.20 2.11 2.11 2.10 1.92 1.68 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 52 53 DEPTH 1090. 1166. 1231. 1386. 1443. 1531. 1667. 1650. 1608. 1603. 1622. 1664. 1695. 1708. TGRAD STATION V23 18 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.70 3.60 3.46 3.23 3.13 2.73 2.52 2.51 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.38 2.41 2.35 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 3.62 3.51 3.37 3.13 3.02 2.62 2.40 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.38 2.26 2.29 2.22 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) 54 TEMPERATURE CC) 55 OEPTH 402. 476. 503. 589. 787. 1014. 1083. 1535. 1632. 1962. 1895. 1985. 2125. 2288. 2483. 2613. 2574. 2534. 2569. 2522. 2615. 2600. 2651. 2706. TGRAD STATION V23-019 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 3.69 3.67 3.66 3.64 3.61 3.64 3.63 3.40 3.39 3.19 3. 18 3.18 3.06 2.92 2.41 2.03 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.05 2.01 1.93 1.74 1.38 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 3.67 3.64 3.62 3.59 3.56 3.56 3.55 3.28 3.26 3.03 3.03 3.02 2.88 2.73 2.21 1.83 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.85 1.81 1.73 1.54 1.18 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 0.60 1.61 2.06 1.65 3.61 1.78 5.24 1.90 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.07 2.00 2.34 3.10 1.90 4.00 1.78 TEMPERATURE ( C ) 56 CL UJ O CL Ld a UJ r. UJ CL 57 TGRAD STATION V23-020 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL DEPTH TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 588. 6.27 6.22 642. 5.97 5.91 709. 5.53 5.46 868. 4.92 4.85 1046. 4.47 4.38 1065. 4.41 4.32 1055. 4.43 4.34 1048. 4.44 4.35 1043. 4.43 4.35 1065. 4.40 4.31 1091. 4.41 4.32 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.00 4.80 5.36 5. 18 11.88 5.61 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 1.90 3.00* 1.64 5.00 1.70 7.00 1.76 9.00 1.71 11.00 1.76 PENETRATION (M ) WATER DEPTH (KM) 58 TEMPERATURE (C) 59 TGRAD STATION V23-02L WATER TEMPERATURES DEPTH IN SITU TEMPERATURE POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 742. 6.26 6.19 801. 5.88 5.80 864. 5.60 5.52 1078. 4.74 4.64 1283. 3.97 3.86 1321. 3.92 3.81 1310. 3.95 3.84 1307. 3.95 3.84 1330. 3.90 3.79 1365. 3.80 3.69 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 0.40 4.20 3.70 4.75 10.20 5.91 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 1.78 3.00 1.85 5.00 2.05 7.00 1.75 8.20 1.69 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 60 61 TGRAD STATION V23-023 WATER TEMPERATURES DEPTH IN SITU TEMPERATURE POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 516. 6.03 5.99 598. 5.75 5.69 663. 5.54 5.48 942. 4.67 4.59 1263. 4.11 4.01 1280. 4.22 4.11 1333. 4.19 4.08 1330. 4.18 4.07 1311. 4. 14 4.03 SEOIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 1.55 4.47 4.86 4.76 8.06 4.93 11.36 5.14 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.95 2.00 2.44 3.00 2.93 5.10 3.15 7.00 2.41 9.00 2.30 11.00 2.52 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 62 63 DEPTH 370. 451. 507. 692. 1033. 1366. 1451. 1471. 1418. 1502. 1520. TGRAD STATION V23-024 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU temperature POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 5.78 5.41 5.28 4.64 3.80 3.68 3.66 3.68 3.69 3.67 3.69 5.75 5.37 5.23 4.59 3.72 3.57 3.54 3.56 3.57 3.54 3.56 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.56 4.34 5.87 4.58 8.77 4.83 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.67 3.00 2.58 5.00 2.48 7.00 2.67 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 64 23456789 65 DEPTH 245. 294. 363. 500. 674. 862. 885. 1016. 1198. 1409. 1558. 1623. 1605. 1610. TGRAD STATION V23-025 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 6.17 6.04 5.87 5.33 4.52 3.98 3.96 3.84 3.86 3.86 3.84 3.84 3.82 3.82 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 6.15 6.01 5.83 5.29 4.47 3.91 3.89 3.76 3.76 3.74 3.71 3.70 3.69 3.68 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 5.45 3.93 8.75 3.88 11.65 3.94 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 66 8 67 DEPTH 351. 441. 489. 748. 917. 982. 1229. 1429. 1396. 1465. 1483. 1487. 1552. TGRAD STATION V23-026 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 6.40 6.24 6.00 4.98 4.35 4.34 3.99 3.91 3.92 3.89 3.91 3.88 3.85 6.37 6.20 5.96 4.92 4.27 4.26 3.88 3.79 3.80 3.77 3.78 3.75 3.72 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.20 4.28 5.12 4.33 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 0.50 2.13 1.50 2.11 2.00 1.99 2.50 2.74 3.50 2.14 4.00 2.44 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 68 23456789 ml | IN 1 lllljllll 1 II 1 | 1 1 1 1 *•> X*- TTTTJTTTT > TTTTfTTTT » Tin |i in "ITTT | ITI1 — X- X+ X X4- t + t 4- T G R / V ^ 0 STA' 23-031 T I ON — ♦ SEI f LOOK ■ 2*34 ■ 2*02 m 2»9G ■ 2*95 — ■ 2.54 ■ 2-71. ■ 2-2B • 2*G0 ■ 2.77 ■ 2-61 ■ 2*57 CONDUCTIVITY — cooling iiiiliin 4* imlllll IIII Imi miliiii 89 TGRAD STATION V23-037 WATER TEMPERATURES DEPTH IN SITU TEMPERATURE POTENTI TEMPERAT 319. 6.45 6.42 368. 6.18 6.15 428. 6.02 5.98 648. 5.25 5.20 714. 5.14 5.08 773. 5.01 4.94 823. 4.80 4.73 1011. 4.46 4.38 1164. 4.37 4.27 1326. 4.23 4.12 1326. 4.24 4.13 1308. 4.22 4.11 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 4.30 4.83 6.98 5.02 9.18 5.22 12.45 5.45 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.07 2.00 2.04 3.00 2.29 4.00 2.14 5.00 2.16 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 4 5 6 7 8 90 9 91 TGRAD STATION V23-038 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL DEPTH TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 443. 6.16 6.12 529. 5.95 5.90 687. 5.34 5.28 764. 5.03 4.96 909. 4.75 4.67 960. 4.80 4.72 996. 4.79 4.70 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 3.20 5.07 5.04 5.15 7.34 5.29 12.78 5.65 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.41 2.00 2. 19 3.00 1.45 4.00 2.07 4.00 2.17 5.00 2.20 6.00 2.45 7.00 2.19 8.00 2.26 9.00 2.58 10.00 2.58 PENETRATION (M) WATEROEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 92 93 TGRAD STATION V23 39 WATER TEMPERATURES DEPTH IN SITU TEMPERATURE POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 521. 707. 792. 998. 1012 . 1019. 1013. 1099. 6.25 6.20 5.19 5.13 4.98 4.91 4.69 4.60 4.56 4.47 4.70 4.61 4.68 4.60 4.73 4.63 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.50 4.85 5.05 5.01 12.05 5.25 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.43 2.00 2.30 4.00 2.64 6.00 2.51 8.00 2.33 10.00 2.18 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) 94 TEMPERATURE t C ) 95 TGRAD STATI0NV23-040 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 0.60 4.95 2.90 5. 16 8.12 5.57 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.04 2.00 2.15 3.00 2.06 4.00 2.00 5.00 2.01 6.00 2.15 7.00 2.03 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) 4 TEMPERATURE (C) 96 10 3 5 G 7 0 9 97 TGRAD STATI0NV23-0A3 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.60 3.85 5.26 6.67 A.98 5.20 5.20 5.33 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY I.00 2. 13 2.00 2.20 3.00 2.11 A.00 2.06 5.00 2.21 PENETRATION (U) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 98 345678910 111111111 111 111111 h 1111111 TTTTjTin TTTI | III 1 Tf 11111II TTTI [Till — T G R / V STA’ 23-04: r I ON 3 — A ■ ♦ SEA FLOOR a 8-13 - ■ 2 .ao ■ 2*11 ■ 2*0G ■ 2*21 CONDUCTIVITY Illllllll imiim + ♦ miiiiii iiiilnii Illllllll 99 TGRAD STATI0NV23-044 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 0.60 5.05 3.66 A.89 7.30 5.11 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.47 3.00 2.64 4.00 2.06 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 100 3 4567 8910 IIII111II 111111111 lllljllll 'll 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 Tin 11 m mi|im TH111111 — i > CD 1- ^ 0 STA' E3- 04- T I ON 4 — ♦ ♦ SEA FLOOR ■ 2.CDO ■ 2*47 ■ 2*64 ■ 2*QG CONDUCTIVITY miliin miliin ♦ iiiilim ■ 11111111 1111 1 ii11 101 TGRAD STATION V23-047 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL DEPTH TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 349. 1.15 1.14 391. 1.02 1.00 427. 0.80 0.78 509. 0.04 0.02 728. -0.48 -0.50 911. -0.67 -0.70 1156. -0.81 -0.85 1203. -0.87 -0.91 1214. -0.86 -0.90 1443. -0.90 -0.96 1441. -0.91 -0.96 1565. -0.93 -0.99 1575. -0.92 -0.99 1752. -0.93 -1.00 1783. -0.92 -1.00 1844. -0.93 -1.01 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.20 -0.67 4.90 -0.15 8.04 0.43 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.77 2.00 3.29 3.00 3.03 4.00 3.19 F 5.00 2.52 F 6.00 3.27 F PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) -i TEMPERATURE ( C ) 0 12 3 102 5 103 TGRAD STATI0NV23-048 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.50 4.02 2.00 2.58 3.00 5.29 4.00 2.81 5.00 2.55 6.00 2.55 7.00 2.63 8.00 2.63 9.00 2.79 TEMPERATURE (C) 104 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 u 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 II | 1 ill "1 II 1 | 1 1 1 1 TTTTl'Tl 1 f i 11111111 I'll l| Nil 11111111 1 ■ 111111M 11 1 [ 111 11 — 111111 T 6 R / V \D STA* 23- 0 41 ri on i 9 T — SEA FLOOR ■ 4*02 » 2*9B — ■ 5*29 ■ 2*61 ■ 2.55 ■ 2*55 ■ 2*G3 ■ 2*63 ■ 2*73 CONDUCTIVITY — IMllllll 1 1 1 1 l II 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 II1111II1 IMllllll Qu Ul O O' UJ OC t— UJ ID 105 TGRAD STATION V23-049 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL DEPTH TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 149. 1.27 1.26 141. 1.27 1.26 190. 1.18 1.18 237. 1.13 1.12 373. 0.38 0.37 747. -0.53 -0.56 881. -0.69 -0.72 1230. -0.84 -0.88 1236. -0.83 -0.87 1584. -0.90 -0.97 1924. -0.92 -1.01 2261. -0.92 -1.03 2495. -0.95 -1.07 2530. -0.95 -1.07 2671. -0.95 -1.08 2920. -0.99 -1.14 2916. -0.99 -1.14 2916. -0.98 -1.13 2918. -0.98 -1.13 2966. -0.98 -1.14 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 1.60 -0.81 4.22 -0.58 6.72 -0.45 9.63 -0.15 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.80 3.00 3.32 5.00 2.77 7.00 2.75 9.00 3.01 F 11.00 2.85 F PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 106 -2 0 -1 2i ii 11 ii i TTTTJTTTT X- Till |!Ill » 111111111 / TTTTj'l111 TTTTJTTTT TTI IjllM _ > 4- — _ > — 8 _ X *■ t ► T G R / V ^0 S T A * 23-04’ ri on I 9 ♦ ◄- cooling SEA FLOOR ■ 2*00 ■ 3.32 ■ 2-77 ■ 3-75 ■ 3. 01 F - ■ 2.05 F CONDUCTIVITY — ♦ imliin milmi imliin iinlmi imliin 10 107 TGRAD STATICN V23-050 WATER TEMPERATURES DEPTH IN SITU TEMPERATURE POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 72. 1.33 1.33 178. 1.16 1.16 229. 0.89 0.88 466 • -0.06 -0.08 482. -0.09 -0.11 708. -0.58 -0.60 1014. -0.79 -0.83 1273. -0.86 -0.91 1287. -0.87 -0.92 1561. -0.90 -0.96 1758. -0.90 -0.97 1965. -0.88 -0.97 2202. -0.86 -0.96 2218. -0.86 -0.96 2224. -0.86 -0.96 2238. -0.87 -0.97 2364. -0.83 -0.94 2435. -0.84 -0.95 2457. -0.84 -0.96 2469. -0.82 -0.94 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 0.55 3.10 -0.81 -0.71 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) 108 TEMPERATURE ( C ) -2 -1 012345 109 DEPTH 471. 688 . 860. 1211 . 1540. 1807. 1833. 2041. 2252. 2494. 2637. 2618. 2621. 2631. 2675. 2787. 2815. 2849. TGRAD STATION V23-051 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 0. 19 -0.34 -0.61 -0.78 -0.87 -0.89 -0.90 -0.90 -0.87 - 0.86 -0.85 -0.83 -0.84 -0.83 -0.84 -0.82 -0.83 -0.82 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 0.17 -0.37 -0.64 -0.83 -0.93 -0.97 -0.98 -0.99 -0.97 -0.98 -0.98 -0.96 -0.97 -0.96 -0.98 -0.97 -0.97 -0.97 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 0.70 -0.70 3.12 -0.23 5.87 0.44 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 3.89 2.00 3.60 3.00 3.13 4.00 4.30 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 110 -2 n -10 12 3 4 5 U 1 2 i 5 1 II 1 | 1 III 1 11111111 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 » 11111111! lllljllll lllljllll TTTTjTTTT m » — J — : — :♦ C4- E4> it T G R / V ^ D S T A ' 23-05. rioN”! L - ♦ ♦ SEA FLOOR ■ 3.03 ■ 3.13 CONDUCTIVITY iiiilim 111111111 ♦ -4— imliiii cooling iiiilim imlnn CONDUCTIVITY Ill TGRAD STATI0NV23-052 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 0.80 2.40 1.30 2.82 1.80 3.20 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 112 01234587 0 i 2 1 mi |tm i n ij tt n 1 M 1 |TM 1 111111111 II11 | 1l1l 1lII | l1l1 TTTTJTTTT — — - T G R / \D STA —1 — H a 1 ,1 .1.- — V 2 3 - 052 S€*f LOOK ■ 2.40 ■ 2-22 — ■ 3*20 — iiulnii 111111111 111111111 CONDUCTIVITY 5 113 TGRAD STATION V23-053 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL DEPTH TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 162. 1.25 1.25 286. 0.81 0.79 345. 0.46 0.45 474. -0.06 -0.08 806. -0.53 -0.56 1028. -0.69 -0.73 1372. -0.84 -0.89 1693. -0.87 -0.94 1811. -0.89 -0.97 1900. -0.90 -0.99 2123. -0.92 -1.02 2234. -0.93 -1.03 2200. -0.92 -1.02 2208. -0.91 — 1 • 01 2267. -0.92 -1.03 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 1.10 -0.52 4.00 0.27 6.50 1.00 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 3.98 2.00 3.53 4.00 2.86 6.00 3.67 F 8.00 3.39 F 10.00 3.22 F 11.00 4.10 F PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) 114 TEMPERATURE ( C ) 115 TGRAD STATION V23-054 WATER TEMPERATURES DEPTH IN SITU TEMPERATURE POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 817. 1.17 1.12 879. 0.65 0.61 982. 0.36 0.32 1073. -0.05 -0.09 1240. -0.50 -0.55 1473. -0.73 -0.79 1668. -0.85 -0.92 2056. -0.96 -1.05 2047. -0.94 -1.03 2378. -1.00 -1.11 2660. -0.97 -1.11 2795. -0.96 -1.10 2882. -0.97 -1.12 2856. -0.96 -1.10 2872. -0.95 -1.10 2892. -0.93 -1.08 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.40 -0.63 5.05 -0.37 7.45 -0. 18 10.09 -0.00 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.96 3.00 2.99 5.00 3. 10 7.00 2.98 9.00 4.11 F 11.00 3.99 F PENETRATION (Ml WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 116 5 117 TGRAD STATI0NV23-055 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 1.20 -0.79 4.56 -0.68 8.02 -0.57 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 3.75 2.50 3.57 4.00 4.12 5.50 4.07 7.00 3.93 F PENETRATION ( M ) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE t C ) 118 -e o -i i - 10 TiTTyim 111111111 TTTTJTTTT iiii|i:ii ill 1 | 1 1 1 1 111111111 •rrnjrriT — — — T G R / V i 0 STA* 23 - 05! Ln —i H O Z i i i i 1 i i i i - ♦ ♦ SCI FLOOR ■ 3*75 ■ 3*57 ■ 4*12 ■ 4*07 m 3*93 F CONDUCTIVITY ■ 11111111 ♦ m ill ill ii'ilim milnn 119 TGRAD STATICNV23-056 WATER TEMPERATURES DEPTH IN SITU TEMPERATURE POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 286. 342. 417. 480. 531. 742. 863. 849. 939. 1151. 1355. 1611. 1665. 1757. 1749. 1749. 1732. 3.56 3.25 2.31 1.69 1.41 0.70 0.51 0.54 0.37 0.23 0.11 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 3.54 3.23 2.29 1.66 1.38 0.67 0.47 0.50 0.32 0.17 0.04 -0.03 - 0.02 -0.07 -0.06 - 0.12 -0.06 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 3.40 0.19 6.71 0.23 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 3.04 3.00 3.43 5.00 4.29 7.00 3.96 9.00 4.73 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 120 ^1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1111II111111111111 i i ■ 111 11111 iti i it 111111 iTTiri 111 11 m ir ii i ii ii ii i tit II M 11II1 Mlljllll » * TTTTJTTTT » mi |i mi TTTI |ITIT » » 11111 III 1 TTTTJTTTT > ♦- T G R / V 2 3 - 0 5 G TION _ — +■ ◄— cooling SEA FLOOR ■ 3*04 - u 3.43 ■ 4-aa ■ 3«9B ■ 4-73 CONDUCTIVITY — + Ill ill! II, II1111111 nnlmi lllllllll lllllllll 121 TGRAD STATIONV23-057 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.-40 3.00 2.86 5.00 3.33 7.00 2.41 9.00 2.52 11.00 2.44 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 122 Tnrprii 111111111 1TTT11111 TNT|TI 11 Trn|m"i TTTTJTTTT TTTTJTTTT — — — a: CD h- ^0 STA S3 - 05 T I ON - 7 — SEA fLOOK ■ 2*40 ■ S'QB ■ 3.33 ■ 2-41 ■ 2 -S 2 ■ 2-44 CONDUCTIVITY — iiiiiiin iiiiiiin miliiii milnii iiiiiiin 10 123 TGRAD STATION V23-059 WATER TEMPERATURES DEPTH IN SITU TEMPERATURE POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 1269. 6.26 6.13 1350. 6.20 6.06 1507. 5.73 5.58 1648. 5.32 5.16 1824. 4.94 4.77 1862. 4.85 4.67 1838. 4.79 4.62 1834. 4.79 4.61 1847. 4.93 4.75 1850. 4.86 4.68 1857. 4.89 4.71 1911. 4.76 4.58 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.36 3.00 2.61 5.00 2.53 7.00 2.53 F 10.00 2.00 F PENETRATION (M) WATEROEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 34567091D 125 TGRAD STATION V23 060 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL DEPTH TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 1016. 6.48 6.38 1035. 6.24 6.14 1147. 5.83 5.72 1326. 5.44 5.31 1352. 5.46 5.33 1381. 5.28 5.15 1491. 5.06 4.92 1527. 4.99 4.85 1627. 4.47 4.33 1636. 4.41 4.26 1612. 4.43 4.28 1852. 3.91 3.74 2049. 3.61 3.43 2214. 3.37 3.17 2318. 3.31 3.10 2289. 3.30 3.10 2390. 3.20 2.99 2576. 2.97 2.75 2747. 2.89 2.65 2905. 2.82 2.56 2883. 2.80 2.55 3048. 2.70 2.43 3248. 2.63 2.34 3388. 2.55 2.24 3402. 2.56 2.25 3313. 2.60 2.30 3390. 2.56 2.25 3417. 2.55 2.24 3403. 2.56 2.25 3432. 2.54 2.23 3474. 2.54 2.22 3516. 2.50 2.18 3500. 2.49 2.17 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 1.40 11.75 2.72 2.96 126 SEDIMENT DEPTH 1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 CONDUCTIVITIES CONDUCTIVITY 1.99 2.06 2.07 2.19 2.28 2.49 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 127 7 0 i a 3 4 5 G 128 DEPTH 861. 1107. 1226. 1275. 1345. 1543. 1560. 1841. 2019. 2212 . 2223. 2450. 2653. 2790. 2978. 2978. 3182. 3391. 3613. 3637. 3833. 4033. 4284. 4280. 4449. 4412. 4401. 4440. 4461. 4482. 4535. TGRAD STATION V23-061 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 6. 17 5.67 5.35 5.20 4.91 4.23 4.25 3.77 3.42 3.22 3.22 3.06 2.92 2.85 2.70 2.69 2.56 2.48 2.42 2.44 2.38 2.41 2.37 2.37 2.39 2.41 2.42 2.42 2.41 2.37 2.38 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 6.09 5.57 5.24 5.08 4.79 4.09 4.11 3.61 3.25 3.03 3.03 2.85 2.69 2.60 2.44 2.43 2.28 2.17 2.09 2.10 2.03 2.03 1.95 1.96 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.96 1.92 1.93 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 10.05 13.08 2.91 3.01 129 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1,00 2.62 3.00 2.46 5.00 2.63 7.00 2.62 9.00 2.90 10.50 *5 L. F PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE C C ) 130 131 TGRAD STATI0NV23-062 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 3.30 2.87 9.15 3.06 12.05 3.23 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.49 3.00 2.54 5.00 3.26 7.00 2.91 9.00 3.75 11.00 2.66 TEMPERATURE (C) 132 8 2 i 111 r 111 111111111 TTTTJTTTT TTTTJTTTT TTTTJTTTT TTTTJTTTT TTTTpTTL TTTTJTTTT 111111111 111111111 1111111ii 111111111 111111111 — TGRAD STATION = — V 2 3 - 0 S 2 _z SE ft FLOOR ■ 2*40 — ♦ ■ 2*54 — ■ 3. PE — ■ 2.91 — — * ■ 3-75 — — ■ 2* BE — — + — 1111 li 111 iiiilim iiiilini n 11111 n llllllHI CONDUCT IV ITY CL Ld □ a: Ld CL Z 5 a ID 133 TGRAD STATION V23-063 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL DEPTH TEMPERATURE temperature 908. 6.06 5.97 1003. 5.78 5.68 1001. 5.77 5.67 1031. 5.72 5.63 1074. 5.66 5.55 1302. 5.13 5.01 1449. 4.78 4.65 1437. 4.70 4.57 1650. 4.18 4.04 1846. 3.81 3.65 2046. 3.56 3.38 2175. 3.39 3.20 2184. 3.35 3.16 2375. 3.17 2.96 2577. 3.03 2.80 2780. 2.92 2.67 2836. 2.87 2.62 2861. 2.85 2.60 3049. 2.74 2.46 3239. 2.64 2.34 3375. 2.57 2.26 3496. 2.47 2.15 3517. 2.46 2.14 3712. 2.39 2.05 3887. 2.37 2.00 4042. 2.35 1.97 4114. 2.35 1.96 4123. 2.34 1.95 4217. 2.34 1.93 4388. 2.35 1.92 4537. 2.37 1.92 4565. 2.36 1.91 4 5 74. 2.37 1.91 4558. 2.38 1.93 4647. 2.36 1.90 4653. 2.38 1.92 134 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.50 6.12 10.01 2.57 2.76 2.90 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.71 4.00 7.00 10.00 13.00 16.00 2.53 2.80 2.61 2.81 2.35 F PENETRATION (M) WATEROEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE fC) 135 1 - 10 15 ) i 2 3 4 5 G 7 Eli-ll 1 1 1 1 TTTT llll TTT1|II11 iiiiiiiii TTTTJTTTT TTTTJTTTT TTTTjTTTE — ) 4 — — X 4 : < 4 14- Iilllllll 111111111 > X tf * X 4 M 4*> 4 K TTTTJTTTT 111111111 ; X 4 X 4 X 4 II ♦ K 4 ( 4 iiiiiiiii — — 5 * X X Jt ♦ 4 4 TGRAD STATION - V 2 3 - 0 G 3 _Z — 4- SEA FLOOR m 2-71 ■ 2*53 — — 4- ■ 2*00 — — ■ 2*G1 ■ 2.01 — - — ULL llll Mil lull iilllllll miliiii iinliin ■ 2-35 F - CONDUCTIVITY - 136 TGRAD STATION V23-064 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL DEPTH TEMPERATURE temperature 885. 6.05 5.96 1023. 5.64 5.54 1102. 5.56 5.45 1186. 5.26 5.15 1409. 4.89 4.76 1646. 4.31 4.16 1797. 3.99 3.83 1825. 3.78 3.62 2068. 3.50 3.32 2284. 3.23 3.03 2355. 3.18 2.98 2481. 3.09 2.88 2615. 2.97 2.75 2648. 2.94 2.71 2688. 2.93 2.69 2909. 2.78 2.52 3086. 2.67 2.40 3351. 2.53 2.23 3336. 2.52 2.22 3506. 2.48 2.16 3728. 2.42 2.07 3894. 2.39 2.02 4072. 2.37 1.98 4072. 2.36 1.97 4255. 2.34 1.93 4440. 2.34 1.90 4634. 2.34 1.88 4688. 2.35 1.88 4751. 2.33 1.85 4801. 2.34 1.85 4796. 2.34 1.85 4792. 2.32 1.84 4829. 2.33 1.84 4894. 2.31 1.81 4909. 2.33 1.83 4935. 2.32 1.81 137 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 3.60 2.58 8.07 2.84 12.97 3.11 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.71 4.00 2.60 7.00 2.60 10.00 2.53 13.00 2.30 TEMPERATURE (C) 138 139 DEPTH 899* 1036* 1172. 1410. 1637. 1822. 1835. 2068. 2306. 2496. 2645. 2706. 2901. 3110. 3331. 3448. 3491. 3706. 3900. 4080. 4149. 4164. 4278. 4464. 4631. 4792. 4837. 4889. 4899. 4885. 4911. 4885. 4954. 4994. 5000. TGRAD STATION V23-065 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 6.01 5.70 5.48 4.84 4.13 3.80 3.75 3.46 3.25 3.12 3.01 2.96 2.83 2.68 2.58 2.56 2.53 2.46 2.39 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.32 2.29 2.32 2.31 2.29 2.28 2.28 2.29 2.29 2.28 2.27 2.29 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 5.93 5.60 5.37 4.71 3.99 3.65 3.59 3.28 3.05 2.90 2.77 2.73 2.57 2.40 2.28 2.24 2.21 2.11 2.02 1.97 1.95 1.96 1.93 1.89 1.83 1.83 1.82 1.79 1.78 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.77 1.76 1.77 140 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 4*26 2.42 13.33 2.92 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.23 5.00 2.65 9.00 2.37 13.00 3. 14 17.00 2.37 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) 141 TEMPERATURE (C 1 2 3 4 5 iiiijim 1 I 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 Till |1 11 1 lllllllll ’nTTJ HIT TMT|im X TUT | MU h — ) x + : ♦ JW- x+ — — X f 4 X + X ♦ K + ♦ — — X + X ♦ * t X ♦ < ♦ lllllllll i X X X f X ♦ ■f ♦ T G R / V UD STA' 23-06 r i o n — 5 = - SEA FLOOR « £.23 ■ £*B5 ■ £.37 - ■ 3*14 ■ 2*37 — CONDUCTIVITY” — — ♦ Tinlim lllllllll lllllllll Hulun iiiiimi 1 - 10 15 142 DEPTH 811. 934. 1127. 1290. 1565. 1813. 1932. 1924. 1973. 2240. 2480. 2729. 2838. 2856. 2937. 3144. 3375. 3585. 3640. 3644. 3840. 4039. 4241. 4387. 4413. 4631. 4829. 4974. 4954. 4961. 5071. 5068. 5094. TGRAD STATION V23-066 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 5.97 5.60 5.38 5.01 4.33 3.77 3.58 3.55 3.46 3.22 3.02 2.90 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.65 2.58 2.52 2.51 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.38 2.37 2.36 2.33 2.31 2.30 2.34 2.32 2.31 2.32 2.31 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 5.90 5.51 5.28 4.89 4.19 3.62 3.42 3.38 3.29 3.02 2.81 2.66 2.57 2.54 2.50 2.37 2.27 2.19 2.18 2.17 2.10 2.03 1.97 1.94 1.93 1.87 1.82 1.79 1.83 1.81 1.79 1.80 1.78 143 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.11 2.58 7.01 3.14 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.45 3.00 2.45 5.00 ' 2.28 7.00 2.28 10.00 2.10 F PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C ) E 3 4 5 144 TTTTjTnr TTTTJTTTT TTTTjTTTT 111111111 TmjTTTT TTTTjTTTT w X4- TmjTTTT — lllllllll X + x< x + * iiiilnn — X X ♦ * * X ♦ t + iinliin lllllllll X + X + 1 X X ♦ im.li.ii.i- lllllllll 3 * X X I ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ T G R / V ^0 STA 23 - OG r i on “ G I — ♦ SEA FLOOR ■ ■ ■ a-aB ■ a-ae ■ a -10 f CONDUCTIVITY — ♦ lllllllll lllllllll lllllllll iiiilnn iiiilnn 5 i 10 145 DEPTH 672. 725. 776. 1028. 1269. 1547. 1678. 1687. 1864. 2069. 2188. 2217. 2232. 2502. 2687. 2863. 3011. 3003. 3116. 3348. 3565. 3757. 3747. 3865. 4055. 4121. 4112. 4106. 4124. 4265. 4313. 4335. TGRAD STATION V23 67 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 6.23 6.02 5.86 5.40 4.87 4.22 3.91 3.94 3.64 3.39 3.27 3.22 3.25 3.00 2.84 2.73 2.61 2.63 2.56 2.48 2.39 2.36 2.38 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.42 2.34 2.36 2.37 2.37 2.37 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 6.17 5.95 5.79 5.31 4.76 4.09 3.76 3.80 3.48 3.21 3.08 3.03 3.06 2.78 2.60 2.48 2.34 2.36 2.28 2.18 2.06 2.01 2.03 1.98 1.97 1.97 2.02 1.95 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.55 3.00 2.88 5.00 2.32 7.00 2.93 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 2 3 4 5 146 il 1111111 lllljllll 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 TTTiprrr mr|im rn Tji nr llll|ll)i ► ** — i 11 1 111 n X ♦ X4 X ♦ "TF" — — X • X + X 4- X ♦ IF 4 — 111111111 • ) '« + * + ** ___X » T G R / □ m —i > tion - — ! • t V 2 3 G 7 I — SCI FLOOR • 8.55 ■ 2.00 ■ 2*32 CONDUCTIVITY niilim milnii iiiiiiin 111111111 iiiilmi 147 DEPTH 674. 771. 849. 956. 1005. 1051. 1312. 1593. 1732. 1739. 1848. 2109. 2367. 2614. 2720. 2746. 2863. 3132. 3366. 3613. 3748. 3952. 4090. 4243. 4250. 4271. 4312. TGRAD STATION V23- 68 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 6.30 5.93 5.80 5.39 5.31 5.22 4.72 4. 12 3.89 3.79 3.67 3.35 3.14 2.93 2.80 2.73 2.69 2.62 2.56 2.53 2.53 2.52 2.51 2.50 2.51 2.48 2.44 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 6.24 5.86 5.73 5.31 5.22 5.13 4.60 3.98 3.74 3.64 3.51 3.17 2.94 2.70 2.57 2.50 2.44 2.34 2.25 2.20 2.18 2.15 2.11 2.08 2.09 2.06 2.02 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.65 2.57 8.01 2.70 10.97 2.78 148 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.68 3.00 2.50 5.00 2.35 7.00 2.49 9.00 2.87 PENETRATION (M) WATEROEPTH (KM) 149 TEMPERATURE (C) 012345G7 111111111 TTTTJTTTT TTTTjTTTT TTTTJTTTT lllljllll imjirii m M4> TTTTJTTTT 111111111 j X>M* X 4- X+ x¥^ JXU.Lu.lJ., 111111111 X X + * ♦♦ X + X + ♦ iimIiiii 111111111 X + X + X ♦ X + X ♦ T G R / ^0 S T A ' ►H O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — X ♦ * * V2 3 - 6 0 — 4- SEA FLOOR ■ 2-00 * 2.35 m 2.4S ■ 2-07 CONDUCTIVITY — ♦ milim milim ■ 11111111 imlmi 150 DEPTH 800. 826. 862. 1087. 1316. 1562. 1801. 1803. 1986. 2206. 2387. 2624 • 2669. 2660. 2687. 2692. 2693. 2799. 2799. 2841. TGRAD STATION V23 69 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 5.73 5.52 5.46 5.01 4.58 4.10 3.61 3.62 3.26 3.12 2.92 2.82 2.80 2.81 2.80 2.79 2.80 2.77 2.77 2.76 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 5.65 5.45 5.39 4.91 4.46 3.96 3.45 3.46 3.10 2.94 2.72 2.59 2.57 2.58 2.57 2.56 2.57 2.52 2.53 2.51 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 1.80 2.85 4.71 3.56 7.62 4.27 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.35 3.00 2.67 5.00 2.76 7.00 2.68 PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (Cl 151 ^1 2345678 0 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i II I II I I I ! I I I I I I I I f i r ( i Ml I II II II II i i i i i iTI TTYT'I I IT I I r M 111II1 TTTTJTTIT lllllllll inijikir T'l 11 jl111 Jr 1 III 111II lllljllir — > M-f v J- X X4 4» ► — — X X ♦ #1 ♦ T G R / V ^0 S T A ' 23 6 T I ON "3 9 — ♦ 4- SU fLOOB ■ a .35 ■ 2-7E - ■ 2-G0 - CONDUCTIVITY iiiilim lllllllll lllllllll ♦ iiiilim niilmi 152 TGRAD ST AT IGNV23-070 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 0.60 2.84 3.15 2.94 6.02 2.96 8.94 2.95 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 3.35 3.00 2.75 5.00 3.24 7.00 2.89 9.00 2.67 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 153 8 jTTTpTTT 111111111 II1111II! TTII[1111 TMIjllll TTTTjTTTT TTTTjTTTI 111111111 "t TTT [ t TTT 111111111 TT (1 | I 1 11 ■ 11111111 T G R / V ^0 STA' 23-07 o —1 *-4 O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M m — 4 SEA fLOOt ■ 3-35 ■ 2-75 ■ 3*24 ■ 2*09 ■ 2-G7 - CONDUCTIVITY — •1 4 11 n 11 n i 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 II milmi 111111111 A i 10 154 TGRAD STATICNV23-072 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY I.00 2.61 4.00 2.54 7.00 2.40 10.00 2.69 F 13.00 2.22 F PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE ( C ) 155 012345G7 2 3 4 5 1 5 ID -milnn TTTTJTTTT lllljllll lllljllll TTTTJTTTT fill |l III TTTTJTTTT iiiiIiiii —— iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii — TGRAD STATION = V23 - 0 72 Jjj — S£A FLOOR ■ a*ei ■ a.54 ■ a.4o ■ a*B9 f ■ a-aa f — conductivity” — ~l H 1 1 111 iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii iiiiIiiii 15 156 TGRAD STATION V23-073 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU POTENTIAL DEPTH TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 1188. 5.38 5.27 1266. 5.18 5.06 1319. 4.95 4.83 1472. 4.55 4.42 1730. 4.09 3.94 1971. 3.68 3.51 2216. 3.44 3.24 2480. 3.23 3.01 2884. 3.13 2.87 2981. 3.03 2.76 3049. 2.95 2.67 3165. 2.85 2.56 3289. 2.76 2.46 3634. 2.76 2.42 3970. 2.65 2.26 4383. 2.57 2.13 4867. 2.54 2.03 5342. 2.41 1.84 5588. 2.37 1.76 5584. 2.37 1.77 5790. 2.38 1.74 5824. 2.38 1.74 5811. 2.40 1.76 5812. 2.41 1.77 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 0.05 2.46 2.78 2.61 5.63 2.75 8.60 2.89 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.31 4.00 2.39 7.00 2.36 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) 0 TEMPERATURE (C) 2 3 4 5 157 6 7 158 DEPTH 1038. 1117. 1153. 1458. 1698. 1926. 2103. 2297. 2304. 2543. 2749. 3055. 3209. 3502. 3520. 3732. 3941. 4167. 4329. 4559. 4571. 4752. 4904. 5089. 5238. 5404. 5395. 5551. 5590. 5591. 5625. 5633. TGRAD STATION V23-074 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 5.36 5.13 4.97 4.25 3.95 3.61 3.39 3.26 3.25 3.09 2.95 2.80 2.73 2.61 2.63 2.54 2.49 2.43 2.43 2.38 2.37 2.36 2.29 2.26 2.26 2.25 2.27 2.24 2.28 2.28 2.30 2.29 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 5.27 5.03 4.87 4.13 3.81 3.45 3.21 3.06 3.04 2.86 2.71 2.53 2.44 2.29 2.30 2.19 2.11 2.02 2.00 1.92 1.92 1.88 1.79 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.70 1.65 1.68 1.68 1.69 1.68 159 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 2.80 2.39 5.53 2.47 11.29 2.64 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.22 3.00 2.13 5.00 2.18 7.00 2.27 9.00 2.25 PENETRATION ( M ) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) xou 01234567 161 DEPTH 1083. 1150. 1191. 1212 . 1367. 1553. 1778. 1943. 2230. 2225. 2438. 2658. 2846. 3061. 3237. 3442. 3454. 3645. 3862. 4058. 4265. 4456 « 4500. 4514. 4519. 4616. 4644. 4686. 4711. TGRAD STATION V23-075 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 5.20 4.97 4.89 4.89 4.44 4.17 3.98 3.86 3.69 3.68 3.42 3.21 3.01 2.82 2.63 2.48 2.50 2.37 2.30 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.28 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.27 2.29 2.27 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 5.10 4.86 4.78 4.78 4.32 4.04 3.83 3.69 3.48 3.48 3.21 2.97 2.75 2.54 2.34 2.17 2.19 2.04 1.94 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.84 1.83 1.83 1.82 1.81 1.82 1.80 PENETRATION (M) WATER DEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 2 3 4 5 162 163 DEPTH 1086. 1192. 1239. 1421. 1656. 1886. 2133. 2351. 2635. 2653. 2869. 3111. 3303. 3501. 3652. 3813. 3834. 4047. 4238. 4414. 4554. 4663. 4720. 4763. 4720. 4737. 4806. 4838. 4867. TGRAD STATION V23-076 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 5.13 4.82 4.60 4.27 3.99 3.81 3.64 3.44 3.21 3.21 2.96 2.77 2.58 2.40 2.34 2.27 2.26 2.21 2.16 2.14 2.14 2.17 2.16 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.12 2.14 2.12 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 5.04 4.72 4.50 4.15 3.84 3.65 3.45 3.23 2.98 2.97 2.70 2.49 2.28 2.09 2.01 1.92 1.90 1.83 1.76 1.72 1.70 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.67 1.67 1.65 1.66 1.64 164 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 4*00 2.38 6.74 2.62 9.61 2.85 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.79 4.00 2.45 7.00 2.75 10.00 2.74 F PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATJRE (C) 165 166 DEPTH 1074. 1160. 1191. 1237. 1327. 1517. 1559. 1620. 1683. 1730. 1801. 2072. 2466. 2489. 2684. 2863. 3051. 3213. 3359. 3545. 3536. 3721. 3837. 3999. 4136. 4253. 4252. 4291. 4243. 4249. 4251. TGRAD STATION V23-077 WATER TEMPERATURES IN SITU TEMPERATURE 5.00 4.95 4.76 4.57 4.51 4.17 4.23 4.24 4.14 4.00 4.08 3.78 3.49 3.48 3.24 3.00 2.83 2.63 2.50 2.37 2.41 2.28 2.26 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.19 2.25 2.26 2.26 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 4.91 4.85 4.66 4.46 4.39 4.03 4.09 4.09 4.00 3.84 3.92 3.60 3.26 3.26 3.00 2.74 2.55 2.34 2.19 2.05 2.08 1.94 1.91 1.84 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.78 1.84 1.85 1.86 167 SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES DEPTH TEMPERATURE 6.45 2.58 10.46 2.78 13.98 2.97 SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITIES DEPTH CONDUCTIVITY 1.00 2.41 4.00 2.51 7.00 2.73 10.00 2.17 F PENETRATION (M) WATERDEPTH (KM) TEMPERATURE (C) 168 Unclassified _ Security Classification I DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R & D ■ Security classification of title, body of abx true t and indexing annotation must l OKIGINA TING ACTIVITY (Corporate author) be entered when the overall report is classified) 2a. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 3. Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Palisades, New York 10964 Unclassified 2b. GROUP REPORT TITLE SEA FLOOR GEOTHERMAL MEASUREMENTS FROM VEMA CRUISE 23 4 DESCRIPTIVE NOTES (Type of report and inclusive dates ) Technical Report - July 27 to December 15, 1966 5 AuTHOR(S) (First name, middle initial, last name) Marcus G. Langseth, Jr. Isabel Malone Dee Breger 6- REPOR T DATE 7a. TOTAL NO. OF PAGES 7b. NO. OF REFS November 1970 168 7 8a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. 9a. ORIGINATOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 0NR Contract N00014-67-A-0108-0004 b. PROJEC T NO. Technical Report No. CU-2-70 NSF Grant GA 5356 c. d. 9b. OTHER REPORT NO(S) (Any other numbers that may be assigned this report) 10. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Distribution of this document is unlimited. 1 1 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 1 2 . SPONSO RING Ml LI T AR Y ACTIVITY Office of Naval Research 13. ABSTRACT This report presents geothermal data representing 63 stations in the North Atlantic. This material includes deep water and sediment temperatures as well as conductivity measurement from sediment cores. F0RM 147^ NO V 65 I / W (PAGE 1) Unclassified 0102 0,14 6600 Security Classification Unclassified _ Security Classification MANDATORY DISTRIBUTION LIST FOR UNCLASSIFIED TECHNICAL REPORTS, REPRINTS, & FINAL REPORTS PUBLISHED BY OCEANOGRAPHIC CONTRACTORS OF THE OCEAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION OF THE OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH (REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970) Department of Defense 1 Director of Defense Research and Engineering Office of the Secretary of Defense Washington, D. C. 20301 ATTN: Office, Assistant Director (Research) Navy Office of Naval Research Department of the Navy Washington, D. C. 20360 2 ATTN: Ocean Science & Technology Div (Code 480) 1 ATTN: Naval Applications & Analysis Div (Code 460) 1 ATTN: Earth Sciences Div (Code 410) 1 Cognizant ONR Branch Office 1 ONR Res. Rep. Director Naval Research Laboratory Washington, D. C. 20390 6 ATTN: Library, Code 2029 (ONRL) 6 ATTN: Library, Code 2000 Commander Naval Oceanographic Office Washington, D. C. 20390 1 ATTN: Code 1640 (Library) 1 ATTN: Code 70 Other Government Agencies 20 Defense Documentation Center Cameron Station Alexandria, Virginia 22314 1 Director National Oceanographic Data Center Building 160 Navy Yard Washington, D. C. 20390 1 Department of the Navy Office of Naval Research Arlington, Virginia 22217 Code 480 ' *