FRANCIS' PICTURE IW-yORR AS!t Gt'IDE SEYMOUR DURST When you leave, please leave this book Because it has been said "Sver'thing comes t' him who waits Except a loaned book." Avery /'.rchitectural and Fine Arts Library GiFT OF Seymour B. Durst Old York Library Digitized by. the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/pictureofnewyorkOOcsfr THE FOR THE CITY OF NEW YORK; OR, WHAT TO SP:E, and HOW TO SEE IT. Croion Reservoir. C S. FRANCIS k CO., 252 BKOALWAY PICTURE OF NEl 1 8fTl^=^ WITH A SHORT ACCOUNT OF PLACES IN ITS VICINITY DESIGNED AS A GUIDE TO CITIZENS AND STRANGERS: WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS, AND NEW-YORK: C. S. FRANCIS & CO. 252 BROADWAY 2P i.i EnteheDj accordinjf to act of Coagress, in the year 1845, by ROMANS & ELLIS, the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern District of New-York. CONTENTS. PAGE. I Alms House Department xiv. 108 I American Art Union - x. 59 Bible Society - 38 " Institute - x. 57 Museum - xi. 68 Apprentices' Library - .'4 Arsenal - - - xii. 74 Arrivals Ships & Passengers 1 20 Artists - - - - 113 Asylum for Blind - - 47 " " Deaf and Dumb 46 " « Orphans - 43 " Colored People 37 " " Aged Females 48,79 " the Insane - 43 " " Colored Orphans x. " Magdalen - - 48 ; Banks - - - - 114 ! Battery - - - - 83 | Benevolent Institutions 42 ; Bible Societv - - - 33 Bills of Mortality - - 117 ,; Bowling Green - - . - 84 j Book Store - - - xvi. j Castle Garden - - - 68 ; Chinese Museum - - xi. I Christ v's Minstrels - - xi. ' City Hall ... 27 College of Phys. & Surgeons 56 Climate and Diseases - 109 , College of Pharmacy - - 57 j Columbia College - • 35 | Croton Aqueduct - xii. 70 ' High Bridge - xii. " Pveservoirs - - xii. Churches, list of, thejr location, year of erection, aimensions and pastors - - 140,143 Churches, (description of) Christ's Church - - 142 PA.GE. Church of the Messiah - 134 Carmine st. Presbt'n Churchl36 Church of Holy Commu'n 139 Dutch Reformed Church 132 Dutch Reformed Church 131 First Presbyterian Church 129 First Unitarian Chuixh - 133 French Church - - 124 First Baptist Church - 127 Floating Chapel - 137 Grace Church - - 130 Presbyterian Church 135 St. George's Church - 123 St. John s Church - 126 St. Mark's Church - - 122 St. Patrick's Cathedral 128 St Thomas's Chm-ch - 136 St Paurs Church - 12o Swamp Church - - 138 Trinity Church - - xv. 121 Cypress "Hill Cemetery - xv. Custom House - - 30 Description of the City - 17 Dispensaries - - - 46 Distances in the City - 98 Daguerrian Galleries - 112 Dusseldorf Gallery - - x. Early History of Xew York 1 Eating Houses - - - 80 Environs of New York Astoria ... 19 Bloomingdale - - - 22 Brooklyn - - - 149 Coney 'island . - - 20 Dobbs' Feriy - - 27 Elizabethport - - - 25 Elizabethtown - - 24 Flatbush - - - 20 Flushing - - - 19 iv CONTENTS. PAGE. Environs of New York Fort Hamilton - - 21 Foi-t Lee - - - 26 Harloera - - - 23 Harsimus - 22 Hastings . - - 27 Hoboken - . - 22 Jamaica - - - - 20 Jersey City - - 22 King's Bridge - - 26 Manhattanville - - 23 Newark - - - 23 New Brighton - - 21 New Brunswick - - 25 Passaic Falls - - 25 Perth Amboy • - 26 Piermont - 27 Rahway - - - 24 Eockaway - • 20 Spuyten Duyvel Creek - 26 Staten Island - - 21 Williamsburg - - 19 Yonkers - - - 26 Ethnological Society - 54 Expresses - - - 99 Fen-ies - ... 90 Forts and Fortifications - 77 Free Academy - - - ix Gallery of Fme Arts - x. 61 Gas works - xv. 114 Gymnasium - - 114 Hackney Coaches - • 100 Harla^m Rail-road - 86 Hudson (St. John's) Square 84 Historical Society - 54 Hospital - ... 42 " Quarantine - 44 Hall of Records - - 29 Halls of Justice - - 29 Jersey Prison Ships - 6, 12, 152 Law Institute - - f)3 Literary Institutions - - 50 Lyceum ot Natural History 52 Markets .... 85 Masonic Hall - - 37 Medical Institutions - - 55 j Mechanics' Institutions - x. 57 1 Mercantile Institutions - 58 i Mercantile Library - 52 ! Meteorological Tables - liO 1 Merchant's Exchange - National Acad, of Design Ne&cro Plot in 1741 New City Hall Ni bio's Garden Old Buildings - Omnibuses Packet Ships Park Picture Galleries Population Post Office Prison Association Public Baths Public Porters Public Schools Public School Fund Public Squares Rail-road Depots Religious Institutions Rotunda Ship Yards - ^society Library - Steam Boats PAGE. 32 X. 60 7 ix. 76 113, 116 xiii.69 91,75 83 59 106 - 32 X. ^ " 115 102 73 111 83 xiii. 39 ix. 33 76 50 75,91,103 tage Lines and departures 95 Steam Boats built since 18u7 103 Steam Ships - - - xiii. Tattersali's - - . 79 Theatres - • - - 62 Astor Place Opera - xi. Broadway - - - xi. Bowery - 68 Burton's - - - xi. Chatham - 68 Niblo's - - - 67 Olympic - - - xi. 66 Park - - - - xi. 63 Palme's Opera - - 68 Richmond Hill - - xi. 68 Theological Institutions 54 Torapkms Square - - 85 Union Place - . - 85 University of New York - 34 University Medical School 5 V^auxhall Gardens - - 18 Walton House - - 156 Washington's Retreat - 9 Washington Square - 8> Yellow Fever and Cholera 16 CONTENTS. V BROOKLYN. PAGE. PAGE. Account of the City - 149 ! Long Island Rail road . 160 Atlantic Dock - - - 164 ' Lvceum - - 161 Battle of Long Island U-2 Navy Yard, Brooklyn 160 Brooklyn (.City of) - 149 Orphan Asylum - - 168 Brooklyn Female Academy 168 Private Schools - 166 City Buildings, Brooklyn 163 Public Schools - - 167 Churches in Brooklyn 168 Revolutionary Soldiers' Tomb 15"2 Fortifications on Long Island 151 Savings' Bank - - 162 Greenwood Cemetery xv. 16-2 Union Ferry Company 165 Jersey Prison Ship - lb'2 1 LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. PAGE. I PAGE. 1 View in Broadway 18 Old Dutch House - 117 (frontispiece.) 19 Trinity Church - 121 2 Packet-ship off the Quar- I 20 St. Mark's Church 122 antine - - 18 21 French Church - 124 3 City-Hall - - 27 22 Broorae-st. Baptist Church 127 4 Tombs - - . 29 ; 23 St. Patrick's Cathedral 128 5 Custom-House 30 | 24 Dutch Reformed Church 132 6 Merchants' Exchange 32 i 25 First Unitarian Church J33 7 New-York Universir;- 34 | 26 Presbyt'n Ch. (Dr. Potts) 135 8 Asylum for the Blind 47 27 Carraine-st. Church 136 9 Asylum for Orphans 48 28 St. Thomas's Church 136 10 New -York Society Library 50 I 29 Floating Chapel - 137 11 Chnton-Hall - - 52 : 30 Swamp Church - 138 12 University Medical School 55 i 31 Ch. of Holy Communion 139 13 Croton Aqueduct - 70 ; 32 Navy Yard, Brooklyn 160 14 Penitentiary - - 108 | 33 Long Island R. R. Tunnel 160 15 Sir Henry Clinton's House 113 34 Monument at Greenwood 162 16 Union and National Banks 1 14 ' 35 Unitarian Ch., Brooklyn 168 17 Walton House - 116 INTRODUCTION. In order to give our readers the latest and most reliable information, we here prefix to our Picture OF New York, an account of a few alterations and improvements that have lately taken place, and notice them in the order in which they occur in the pages of the volume. The New City Hall, which stands in the Park, in the rear of the City Hall, has lately been repaired, and refitted for the accommodation of the Courts, and numerous oflices attached to them. It is now occu- pied by the United States Courts and Ofliicers ; the Supreme Court; the Superior Court; the Court of Oyer and Terminer ; the Board of Education ; City Inspector ; Collector of Assessments ; Commissioner of Emigration; Coroner; Corporation Attorney; Dis- trict Attorney ; Law Institute Library ; Receiver of Taxes ; Recorder, (fee. &c. The Rotunda. — The occupation of this building has been resumed by the City, and it now^ affords accommodation for the Crc^on Water Department, the Governors of the Alms House, and other city offices. The Free x\cademy, of the City, near 23d street, in Lexington Avenue, (the third Avenue stages run very near it,) is built in the Gothic style, after the manner of the Town Halls of the Netherlands. It consists of three spacious stories, exclusive of the basement and great hall. Its dimensions are 125 by 80 feet, and it is thought to be sufficiently large to accommodate one thousand scholars with all necessary conveniences. The cost of the building was about $50,000 : of the lot, 200 feet by 122, $20,000 : and X PICTURE OF NEW YORK. $10,000 has been appropriated for the fitting up and apparatus. Some changes have been made in the officers and managers of the various Religious and Charitable Institutions of the city ; any one desiring information on these particulars, is referred to Doggett's City Directory for the present year. Colored Orphan Asylum. — Av. 4, between 42d and 43d streets. Prison Association. — Office is at 15 Centre-street. American Institute. — Rooms, No. 351 Broadway. Mechanics' Institute. — 105 Bowery. The American Art Union, — Now occupy their new and splendid Galleries, No. 497 Broadway, near Broome-street. The Institution has increas/sd very rapidly. Its income for the vear 1849 was over $80,000. The number of its subscribers 16,475. It distributed as prizes, over 900 works of art, exceeding $60,000 m value. The National Academy of Design, — Now occupy their new and extensive galleries. No. 661 Broadway, opposite Bond-street. Their exhibition is from April to July of each year. Daring the remainder of the time their rooms are used for the exhibition of the pictures belonging to the New-York Gallery of the Fine Arts, and the collection of paintings belonging to Mr. Nye, called the " Gallery of the Old Masters." The Dusseldorf Gallery. — A collection of paint- ings and original drawings by artists of the Dussel- dorf Academy of the Fine Arts. This collection, belonging to a private individual, contains about one hundred and fifty paintings and drawings, executed j entirely by eUves of this celebrated German School i INTRODUCTION. xi of Art, and they are all of rare excellence. The visitor in New- York should not miss the opportunity of seeing this most beaytiful collection. The Gallery is over the Hall of the Church of the Divine Unity, 546 Broadway, near Spring-st. Admittance, 25 cents ; season, 50 cents. Subscriptions are received at the Gal- lery to the Art-Union of Rhenish Prussia and West- phalia, through whose means many valuable paintings have already been distributed in the United States. The Park Theatre, — Has been again destroyed by fire, and the site converted into building lots for warehouses. The Broadway Theatre, — Is now the principal theatre in the city, and genf rally has the highest class of theatrical entertainments. In Broadway, No. 330. The Astor Place Opera House, — Is in Eighth- street, near Broadway. Italian Opera. Mitchell's Olympic Theatre, — Has recently un- dergone great alterations, and is now occupied by Pierce's Ethiopian Minstrels, a very popular band. The Richmond Hill Theatre, — Is no longer in operation. Burton's Theatre, — Formerly Palmo's Opera House, is a very popular resort for those fond of the comic and burlesque. Barnum's American Museum, — Has recently been much enlarged and improved, and the saloon very beautifully decorated, and made capable of seating 2,000 persons. Barnum's Chinese Museum, — Is at 539 Broad- way, and contains a very good collection of Chinese i curiosities. j Christy's Negro Minstrels, — Exhibit with great j success, nightly, at ^lechanics' Hall. Broadway. j xii PICTURE OF NEW YORK. CROTON AQUEDUCT. Persons wishing to see the High Bridge of the Croton Aqueduct can take the Rail Road to Harlem (fare 121 cents), at which place there are always stages in waiting to convey passengers to the bridge (fare 18| cents). The most convenient way of getting to the Receiving Reservoir in 86th Street and the Distributing Reservoir 40th Street, is by the Harlem Railroad. Cars leave the East side of the Park every 15 minutes (fare 12J cents). The Croton line of Omnibuses also now run from the Fulton Ferry through Broadway, 11th St., and 5th Av. to the Distributing Reservoir (fare 65 cents). The New State Arsenal is situated on the Fifth Avenue, between 62d and 64th streets, four miles from the City Hall ; is 200 feet in front by 50 feet deep ex- clusive of the towers, of which there are eijht, four at each angle 69 feet high, and four in front ; rear 82 feet high. The basement or first story is of brown stone, it forms one large hall 10 feet high and the whole size of the building, for the deposit of heavy cannon and balls. The remainder of the building is of brick. The principal story twelve feet six inches high, will contain the small arms ; the second story, nine feet six inches in height, and the upper story sixteen feet, munitions, gun carriages, &c. The old revolutionary pieces will be deposited in a sub-cellar under one wing of the building. The beams are sup^ poited by cast iron columns and the floors are of south- thern pine. The roof is of iron, and is surmounted by a flag-staff 68 feet hio^h. It was erected in 1848, and cost $30,000. It is intended to contain all the arms and munitions belonging to the State, formerly depo- sited in the old Arsenal described on page 74. INTRODUCTION. xiii OCEAN STEAM-SHIPS. CoUins's New Line, consisting of the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Arctic, the Baltic, and the Adriatic, forming the first regular line of American Steamers between New York and Liverpool. The most splen- did steam-ships in the world. Their dock is at the foot of Canal-street, N. R. The Cunard Line, for Liverpool, have their dock at Jersey City. There are now three lines of Steam-ships for Cali- fornia, via Chagres : Empire City Line Pier, No. 2, N. R. ; the Pacific Mail Steam Co.'s Line, from Pier No. 4, N. R.; U. S. Mail Steamers, foot of Warren Street, N.R. The Ocean St. Nav. Co.'s Steamers, Washington and Herrmann, for Southampton and Bremen, lie at Pier No. 3, N. R. U. S. Mail Steamers for Charleston S. C, at Pier 4, N.R. OMNIBUSES. There are lines of Omnibuses now to every part of the City, and in aL directions. The largest number starting from South Ferry, proceed up Broadway and the Bowery, and branching oiF into the side streets at various distances, indicated by the lettering upon each stage. There are also lines for each of the other Ferries, and from the foot of Canal-street. The number of Omnibuses now licensed is 425. RAILROAD DEPOTS. Long Island, from the South Ferry, Whitehall Street. Philadelphia, foot of Liberty Street, N. R., Ferry to Jersey City. xiv PICTURE OF NEW YORK. Hudson River — Chambers Street, corner of Hud- son, West, corner of Canal ; 14th Street, corner Av. 10, and West 31st Street. New Jersey Railroads from foot of Cortlandt St. New York and Erie — by Steamboat to Piermont, foot of Duane Street, N. R. New Haven, Hartford and Boston — 29 Canal and 412 Broadway. ALMS HOUSE DEPARTMENT. The buildings formerly occupied by the Alms House at Bellevue, have been removed to BlackwelTs and Randall's Islands, and the site converted into building lots. The Alms House Department is now under direc- tion of Ten Governors, who have in charge the follow- ing Institutions : The Alms House, BlackwelPs Island, Bellevue Hospital, 26th Street, E. R. ; City Prison, Centre Street ; Second District Prison, 6th Av. ; Third District Prison, Grand Street ; Colored Home, 42i Street ; Colored Orphan Asylum, 4th Av. and42d Street ; Lunatic Asylum 117th Street ; Nursery, Randall's Island ; Nursery Hospital ; Penitentiary ; Blackvvell's Island ; Penitentiary and Small-pox Hos- pital; Work-house and Store-house, Randall s Island. Citizens or strangers wishing to visit and inspect these institutions can do so on any day, except Sun- day, by obtaining a permit at the office of the Depart- ment, Rotunda, in the Park. A steamboat leaves the foot of Grand Street, for the Islands at 9 a.m., and 3 P.M. Visits to friends at the A 1ms House, Peniten- tiary, and Lunatic Asylum, are to be made on Wed- nesday ; at the Nursery, Randall's Island, on the first Wednesday of each month ; at the Bellevue Hospital on Monday and Thursday, from 11 a.m., to 2 p.m. INTRODUCTION. XV Gas Works. — The New York Gas Works have been removed from Centre Street, to the foot of 21st Street, E. R. By this Company the city is lighted south of Grand Street. The Manhattan Gas Co. supplies light to the city north of Grand Street. Their works are at the foot of West 18th Street. Trinity Church is open every day. Visitors have access to the tower and spire, whenever the Church is not occupied for religious services ; the panoramic view from which is unsurpassed on this continent. — (A small fee is expected from visitors to the tower, by the person in attendance) . Greenwood Cemetery. — The Ferry to Greenwood is from the foot of Whitehall Street, near the Battery. Carriages and Omnibuses also run constantly from the Brooklyn side of the Fulton and South Ferries. The Cypress-Hill Cemetery, in the towns of Flatbush and Newtown, L. I., about six miles from the Brooklyn and Williamsburgh Ferries, alfords the visitor a pleasant excursion. There is an Observatory on the grounds, from which an extensive and beautiful panoramic view may be seen, taking in the Ocean, Long Island Sound, Brooklyn, Williamsburgh, New York City, the Pallisades on the west side of the Hudson, &c. The L. I. Rail Road conveys passengers from their depot. South Ferry, directly to the gate. Cais leave at 11 and 5 o'clock every day, returning at Ij and 7i P.M. Fare, 15 cents each way. Stages also run five times a day from the Fulton Ferry. Private carriages are admitted. Office of the Co. 262 Broadway. xvi PICTURE OF NEW YORK. BOOKSTORE OF C. S. FRANCIS & CO. BOOKSELLERS, PUBLISHERS, AND IMPORTERS, 252 BROADWAY. Strangers, as well as Citizens, will find this a pleasant place of resort at all times of day and evening. The Bookstore is supplied with all the publications of the day, as well as a large stock of Standard Books, English 'and American. Individuals or Libraries supplied with every book in the market. C. S. F. & Co. are agents for the principal Reviews and Magazines published in the United States, and they import all the British periodicals, of which a list may be had on application. They also have an A'^^ency in London, and import books, by every steamer. Oi ders sent out weekly and filled with expedition and cheapness. Their CIRCULATING LIBRARY is the largest in the city, and is constantly increasing, by the addition of all new publications, and a large number of periodicals regularly received. Books are loaned by the single volume, or by the month, quarter, or year. C. S. F. & Co. are the publishers of The Life and Writings of SIR WALTER SCOTT, consisting of his Life, by Lockhart, in 4 vols. ; his Poems, iA 6 vols.; and the Waverley Novels and Tales, 27 vols. The Poetical Works of Wordsworth, Cole- ridge, Mrs. Hemans, Mrs. Norton, iMrs. Browning ; the Writings of Maria Child, and many other valuable books. They keep a very extensive assortment of Books for Young People, and are constantly receiving new books in this department, both English and American. They publish the works of Maria Edgeworth, Hans Christian Anderson, Mary Howitt, Maria Child, Charles and Mary Lamb, Mrs, Oilman, Mrs. Hofland, and other approved writers for Children. Stationery of all kinds for sale. EARLI HISTORY OP NEW-YORK CITY. It was formerly the custom of the Atlantic tribes of North American Indians to resort to the sea coast during the summer months, where they spent their time in the peaceful employments of hunting and fishing i leaving the sterner occupations of war for the secret ambushes of the interior forests. They generally selected for their summer residences some place easy of access, and immediately contiguous to their sporting grounds. The island of New- York, or as it was called by the natives, Manhattan, was a favourite resort of the Hudson river tribes. Abundant evidence of this fact is found in the history of its first dis- covery, and the indestructible relics that every where abound, buried in the ground. Excavations in the primitive soil often expose large quantities of shells, the remnants of their " clam bakes;" and various specimens of arrow- heads, stone. axes and chisels, are found in the upper parts of the island* From their temporary Tillages they went forth in search of game, and long before the white man came, the expan* sive bay that now fleets the sails of an hundred nations, was dotted by the humble 'canoes of a race, whose very name has long been lost to history. The ground that now sustains half a million of inhabitants, then hid in its forest shades the dusky forn..? of a lew hundred wild men ; and the waters that are now but the threshold of the commerce of the world, were then timidly navigated by the birchen canoe of a race who never ventured beyond the protection of its inland hounds. On the 2d of September, 1609, a beautiful autumn day, the adventurous bark of Henry Hudson made its appearance in the lower harbour. The Indians, whose fis-hing canoes were scattered about in every direction, attacked one of his boats which was sent out to fish, and killed its commander. They buried him 1 2 PICTURE OF NEW-YORK. on an island, which was named after him, Colman^s Island, now degenerated into Coney Island. After this, these Indians became more friendly, and came on board, where they exchanged tobacco and In- dian corn for trinkets. Hudson passed up with his vessel, (the Half Moon,) as far as the present site of Albany, and then returned to Manhattan ; and after sometimes trading with the natives, and sometimes killing them, he went back to Europe again. His mutinous men forced him to go to England instead of Holland, from whence he came. The British government, which had formerly driven him from their service, now detained him, and in a subsequent voyage to North America, he was set adrift by his crew in an open boat, with his young son and seven others, with- out compass or food, and never heard of after. This was brought about through the treacherous agency of one of his men, whom he had formerly befriended, under circum- stfmces that claimed lasting gratitude. Hudson was a bold and skilful navigator, and had formerly distinguished him- self in his attempts to discover a North West passage to the East Indies. The Dutch, finding that they could get furs of the North American Indians, sent out another ship to New- York, to trade with them ; and in 1614, the Dutch government en- couraged a company of merchants, and licensed them as the " West India Company.'* Soon after this the company sent out two ships, one of which was accidentally burned, but was replaced by another, which was built by her commander on the East river. After sailing along the coast to Martha's Vineyard, they returned to the Hud- son river, and proceeded up to Castle Island, near Al- bany, where they commenced a settlement. For many years after this first settlement, Albany was the remotest point of interior civilization. In 1615, a fort was built on Manhattan Island ; a few huts were soon added, to accom- modate the settlers who traded with the Indians. This fort was just in the rear of the present site of Trinity Church, on the immediate bank of the river — the tide then came up to where the western wall of the churchyard EARLY HISTORY. 3 now Stands. In 1751, some workmen digging in the bank, back of the church, discovered a stone wall, which occa- sioned great wonder at first, but was soon ascertained to be the remnants of the long forgotten fort. In 1621, the Dutch government gave the New Netherlands to their West India Company. The territory so denominated ex- tended from Delaware river to Cape Cod. In 1623, they built a new fort, which stood on the ground now occupied by the Bowling Green, then a high mound of earth, over- looking an extensive ledge of rocks, the site of the pre- sent Battery. There is every indication to evince the fact, that New- York was in primitive days the ** city of hills" — such ver- dant hills, of successive undulation, as the general state of the whole country part of the island now presents. " The hills were sometimes precipitous, as from Beekman's and Peck's Hills, in the neighbourhood of Pearl, Beekman and Ferry streets, and from the Middle Dutch Church, in Nassau-street, down to Maiden lane ; and sometimes gradually sloping, as on either hills along the line of the water, coursing along the region of Maiden lane. Be- tween many of the hills flowed in several invasions of water : such as the canal,'" so called to gratify Dutch recollections, which was an inroad of river water up Broad- street. Up Maiden lane flowed another inroad. A little beyond Peck's Slip existed a low water-course, which in high water ran quite up in union with the Collect, (Kolck,) and thence joining with Lispenard's swamp on North river side, produced a union of \. aters quite across the former city ; thus converting it occasionally into an island, which is shown by the present lowness of the line of Pearl-strcct as it traverses Chatham-street. Boats were used occasion- ally to carry the foot passengers from either side of the high rising ground ranging on both sides of Pearl, street." Part of the people who came out in the Tea Company's ships settled, in 1625, on an island, at what is now called the Wallabout, a word importing the waloon bend. About this time we find in the public records, that " Paulus Hook 4 PICTURE OF NE W.YORK. was sold by Gov. Keift to Abrabam Isaacs Plank, for 450 guilders. For scandalizing the governor, one Hendrick Janeson, in 1638, was sentenced to stand at the fort door, at the ringing of the bell, and ask the governor's pardon. On the 6th of August, 1638, two persons were appoint- ed to inspect "tobacco cultivated here for exportation and on the J 9th of the same month it was ordered, that in consideration of " the high character it had obtained in foreign countries," any adulteration should be punished with a heavy penalty. In 1641, a cattle fair was estab- lished, to be held annually on the 15th of October. The lands on *' York Island," without the bounds of the town w^alls, along Wall-street, were either used for public grazing grounds for the town cows, sheep or swine, or else for the governor's farms, under the names of Bouwerys. The Bouwery or farm sold to Governor Stuyvesant in 1631, now so valuable as building lots in ihe hands of his de- scendants, was originally purchased by him for 6,400 guil- ders (oCl,066 ;) and having besides the land, " a dwelling- house, barn, reek-lands, six cows, two horses and two young negroes." On another farm the company erected a wint molen (wind-mill) for the use of the town. Its site was near the *' Broadway," between the present Liberty and Courtlandt streets. The first having decayed, it w^as ordered, in 1662, that there be another on the same ground " outside of the city land-port (gate) on the company's farm." In 1663, all the carmen of the city, to the number of twenty, ordered to be enrolled, and to draw for 6ri an or- dinary load, and to remove weekly from the city the dirt of the streets at 3cZ. a load. In 1675, the rates of tavern fare w^ere thus ordered : For lodging 3t^. ; for meals Sd. ; brandy per gill 6d. ; and cider per quart 4d. In 1676, all the inhabitants living in the street called the Here Graft, (now Broad-street,) were re- quired " t' fill up the graft, ditch or common shore, and level the same." In this same year is given the names of all the EARLY HISTORY. 5 then property holders, amounting to only 300 names, and '* assessed at 1^ dollars a pound, on .£99,695." Luke Lancton, in 1683, was made *' collector of cus- toms at the custom house near the bridge, and none shall unload but at the bridge." The house called *' Stuy. vesant Huys," at the northwest corner of present Front and Moore streets, was then called the custom house." In 1683, it was ordered that" no youthes,maydes or other persons may meete together on the Lord's day, for sport or play, under fine of Is." "No more than four Indian or negro slaves may assemble together." In 1683, the ves- sels and boats of the port were enrolled as follows : — 3 barques, 3 brigantines, 26 sloops and 46 open boats. The old Dutch records show that all the rear of the town was divided into farms called " Bouwerys," from whence we have Bowery now. In 1687, si teen acres of the Basse Bow- ery was granted to Arien Cornelisson, for the considera- tion of one fat capon a year. In 1695, the celebrated Capt. Kidd came to New-York to see his wife. He soon after this commenced his piracies, and continued them till 1699, when he visited Long Island sound, and made several deposits of money on the shores. One of these deposits was discovered a few years since by some labourers, while digging on the shores of the East river. Kidd was decoyed to Boston, where he was arrested, sent to England, and hun^ in 1701. In 1698, the Council agreed to build the " new City- Hall," by the head of Broad-street, for £3^000 ; the same afterwards the Congress Hall, on the corner of Wall- street. In 1699, they sold the old City-Hall to John Rodman for .£920, reserving only " the bell, the king's arms, and iron works, (fetters, &c.,) belonging to the prison," and granting leave also to allow the " cage, pillory and stocks before the same^ to be removed within one year ; and the prisoners in said jail \vithin the said City Hall, to remain one month." ** The Indians, in the year 1746, came to the city of New-York in a body, say several hundreds, to hold a 1* 6 PICTURE OF NEW-YORK. conference or treaty with the governor. They were Oneidas and Mohawks ; coming from Albany, crowding the North river with their canoes; bringing with them their squaws and papouses ; tbey encamped on the site now Hudson's Square, before St. John's church, then a low sand beach." In 1756, the first stage started between Philadelphia and New-York, three days through. In 1765, a second stage, announced to travel between New-York and Philadelphia, to go through in three days, being a covered Jersey wagon, at 2d. a mile. In 1766, another stage, called " the Flying Machine," to go through in two days, in good wagons, and seats on springs," at 3c?. a mile, or 20«. through. These extracts are principally drawn from Watson's Annals oi" New-York. The public records, always acces- sible at the City Record office, are very numerous, and will well reward the curious for their perusal. The Middle Dutch Church, Nassau-street, was ised as a " prison for 3,000 Americans." The pews were taken out and used for fuel. Afterwards the church was used as a riding school by the British cavalry. The North Dutch Church, in William-street, was also used as a prison- house, and at one time held 2,000 prisoners ; all the Pres. byterian churches were used for military purposes, but the Methodists' houses were spared on account of their adherence to Wesley, who was known to be a loyalist. It is estimated that 11,000 Americans were interred from the British prisons at the Wallabout, near the present Navy Yard. In cutting down the hill for the Navy Yard, there were taken up as many as thirteen large boxes of human bones : which, being borne on trucks under mourning palls, were carried in procession to Jack- son-street, on Brooklyn height, and interred in a charnel house constructed for the occasion beneath three droop- ing willows. Two rf the burnt hulks of the prison ships still remain sunken near the Navy Yard ; one in the dock, and one, the Good Hope, near Finder's Island. EARLY HISTORY. 7 In 1785-6, Alderman William Bayard sold his farm of fifty acres, situated on the west side of Broadway, where St. Paul's Church now stands. He divided it into lots of twenty-five by one hundred feet, and sold ihem at twenty- five dollars each. The old fort at the Bowling Green was taken down in 1768, and the grounds around levelled, to the extent of the present Battery. It was then designed to build a house there for Gen. Washington, but the plan was defeated by the re- moval of Congress to Philadelphia. The house was after- wards built and occupied by the English Gov., Clinton, and still remains under the name of the ClintonHouse. The great fires which occurred in 1776 and 1 778, are still remembered with lively interest. They occurred v.hile the British held possession of the city. The fire in 1776 commenced in Whitehall slip, late at night, and consumed all the build- iners west of Broadway and south of Barclay-street. Trinity Church was burnt at this time ; four hundred and ninety- three houses were destroyed. The fire in 1778 occurred on Cruger's wharf, and burnt about fifty houses. The buildings destroyed on both of these occasions were of an inferior order, and built of wood. The celebrated Negro Plot, in 1741, occuiTed when there were about ten thousand inhabitants in the city, of which one sixth part were negro slaves. After the lapse of a century, we look back with astonishment on the panic occasioned by these conspiracies, and the rancorous hatred that prevailed against the iloman Catholics. There was doubtless a plot ; but its extent could never have been so great as ihe terror of the times depicted. The only testi- mony taken was the mutual criminations and confessions of the abettors : and by this means every negro in the city, and some of the white inhabitants, became objects of suspicion. The first suspicion of a plot was caused by frequent alarms of fire, and robberies committed on the premises of one of the citizens. The first fire destroyed the Governor's house and the old church, both of which were within the walls of the fort. A few days after this, another fire occurred under very mysterious circumstances, 8 PICTURE OF NEW-YOKK. and subsequently, in the space of three weeks, eight more fires served to spread great consternation among the peo- ple. Many negroes were executed, and the investigations were long and intricate. While the trials were going on, and the execution of several negroes taking place, proclamations were made offering pardons to the free who should make discovery of the plot, or accuse others ; and pardon and liberty to the slaves who should do the same ; and rewards in money to both. The consequence was, that the negroes who were in jail, accused themselves and others, hoping to save their own lives and obtain the promised boons. What one poor wretch invented, was heard and repeated by another ; and by degrees the story assumed the shape of a regular plot. In [he course of the evidence it appears that the city was destined to be fired, and the inhabitants massa- cred, on coming out of the English Church in Broadway. St. Patrick's night was selected for the catastrophe, and many Irish Catholics lately arrived enlisted in the gang of murderers. The negroes were led by one Kughson, at whose house they were entertained, and where they brought their stolen goods. An unfortunate man, named Ury, an English clergyman, who had been teaching school in the city, was tried and condemned on the most trivial testi- mony. He was hung amid the greatest excitement. There were thirteen blacks burned alive at the stake, at a place then out of town, but situated near the present intersec- tion of Pearl and Chatham streets, where there was form, erly a hollow place. Twenty were hung " on the island by the powder-house," where the Arsenal now is in Elm- street. Seventy were transported to foreign parts ; Hugh- son, his wife, and Peggy Carey, a noted informer, were hung. Several of the negroes declared that they had accused themselves and others because they had been told that was the only way to save their lives. Washington's ketreat. WASHINGTON'S RETREAT FROM NEW-YORK. After taking possession of Long Island in 177G, Gene- ral Howe began to unfold his plan of attacking New-York city, then in possession of the Americans. He intended to encompass the city on the land side, and to refrain from cannonade and bombardment, by which the city might be injured and rendered unfit for the accommoda- lion of his troops during the winter. Such being clearly the aim of the British commander, the attention of Wash- ington was drawn to the best mode of evacuating the city. As a preparatory step, he removed beyond King's bridge the stores and baggage least wanted. It was seriously contemplated in a council of officers at the time to destroy the city, but Washington's objections overruled the opin- ion of his counsellors. It was resolved so to dispose the troops, as to be prepared to resist any attack on tlie upper part of the island, and retreat with the remainder when- ever it should become necessary. Nine thousand men were to be stationed at Mount Washington, King's bridge, and the smaller posti; in the vicinity of these places, five thousand in the city, and the residue to occupy the inter- mediate space, ready to support either of these divisions. The sick, amounting to one quarter of the whole army, were to be removed to the Jersey side of the Hudson. While these arrangements were in progress, the enemy sent four ships up the East river, which came to anchor about a mile above the city. The next day six others followed. Parties of British troops landed on Buchnan's Island, and a cannonade was opened upon a battery at Haven's Hook. On the 15th of September, in the morning, three men-of- war ascended Hudson's river as high as Bloomingdale, with the view of dividing the attention of the Americans, by making a feint on that side. At the same time, Howe embarked a strong division of his army, under Gen. Clin- ton, consisting of British and Hessians, at the head of New- town Bay on Long Island. About eleven o'clock, these troops having come into the East river, began to land at 10 PICTURE OF NEW- YORK. Kip's Bay, under the fire of two forty gun ships and three frigates. Batteries had been erected there ; but the men were driven from them by the firing from the ships. Gen. Washington was now at Harlaem, whither he had gone the night before on account of the movements of the enemy at Montressor's Island ; and, hearing the sound of the guns, he hastened with all despatch to the place of land- ing. To his inexpressible chagrin he found the troops that had been posted on the lines, precipitately retreating with- out firing a shot, although not more than sixty or seventy of the enemy were in sight ; and also two brigades, which had been ordered to their support, flying in the greatest confusion, it spite of their officers. It is said, that no in- cident of the war caused Washington to be so much ex- cited as he appeared on this occasion. His exertions to restrain the troops were fruitless. The troops, eight regiments in all, fled to the main body on Harlsem plains. The division in New- York, under the command of Gen. Putnam, retreated with difficulty, and with considerable loss. Fifteen men were killed, and three hundred taken prisoners. Nearly all the heavy cannon, and a consider- able quantity of baggage, stores and provisions were left behind. The Americans were not pursued with much rigour in their retreat. Washington drew all his forces together within the lines on the heights of Harlaem, where they encamped the same night. Head quarters were fixed at Morris's house, a mile and a half south from Mount Washington, on which was situated the fort of that name. Howe encamped with his army near the American lines, his right resting on the East river, and his left on the Hudson, supported at each extreme by the ships in these rivers. The next morning. Col. Knowlton went out with a party of rangers, and advanced through the woods towards the enemy's lines. When he was discovered. Gen. Howe detached two battalions of light infantry and a regiment of Highlanders to meet and drive him back. On the appearance of these troops in the open grounds between the two camps, Washington rode to the outposts, that he might be at hand to make such arrangements as circumstances shouldrequire. washixgto:n's retreat. 11 He had hardly reached the lines when he heard a firing, which proceeded from an encounter between Col. Knowl- ton and one of the British parties. The rangers returned and said that the body of the enemy, as they thought, amounted to three hundred men. Knowlton was imme- diately reinforced by three companies, and ordered to gain their rear, while their attention w^as diverted by making a disposition to attack them in front. The plan was suc- cessful. As the party approached in front, the enemy rushed down the hill, to take advantage of a fence and bushes, and commenced firing, but at too great a distance to be effectual. Meantime Knowlton attacked on the other side, and advanced with spirit. A sharp conflict ensued. Maj. Leitch, who led the attack, was carried oflf mortally wounded, and in a short time Col. Knowlton fell. The action w^as resolutely kept up by the remaining offi- cers and men till detachments arrived to their support, and they charged the enemy with such firmness and intre- pidity as to drive them from the wood to the plain, when Gen. Washington ordered a retreat, apprehending that a large force was on their way from the enemy's camp. The engagement continu ;d four hours, although the sharp fighting was of short duration. Howe reported eight offi- cers and seventy privates wounded, and fourteen men killed. The American loss was fifteen killed and forty- five wounded. The events of this day were important in giving spirit to the army. For more than three weeks Howe's army remained inactive, the American posts being too formidable to attack. On the 28th October the Brit- ish army attacked the American lines, and after a sharp action drove them from their w^orks, with a loss of twenty- five men. Gen. Howe subsequently withdrew his army to King's Bridge, and on the morning of November 16th attacked Fort Washington, after Col. Magow, its com- mander, had refused a summons to surrender. Gen. I Knyphausen advanced with a body of Hessians to the I north of the fort, and commenced the attack. Earl Percy, nearly at the same time, assailed the outer lines on the south. The lines, in every part, were defended with 12 PICTURE OF NEW. YORK. great resolution and obstinacy ; but after a resistance of four hours the men were driven into the fort, and its com- mander compelled to surrender. The Americans lost fifty killed and two thousand eight hundred prisoners. This was a severe loss. The fort was defended contrary to the wishes of Washington. Washington soon after this abandoned the fludson river, and retreated through New- Jersey to the Delaware river. THE OLD JERSEY PRISON SHIP. This was an old sixty-four gun ship, which through age had become unfit for further active service. She was stripped of every spar, and all her rigging. After a battle with the French fleet, her lion figure-head was laKsn away to repair another ship j no appearance of ornament was left, and nothing remained but an old, unsightly, rotten hulk. Her dark and filthy external appearance perfectly corresponded with the death and despair that reigned within, and nothing could be more foreign from truth than to paint her with colours flying, or any circumstance or ap- pendage to please the eye. She was moored about three quarters of a mile to the eastward of Brooklyn ferry, near a tide-milly on the Long Island shore. The nearest dis- tance to land was about twenty rods. And doubtless no other ship in the British navy ever proved the means of the destruction of so many human beings. It is computed that not less than eleven thousand American seamen perished in her. We extract from a book published by Mr. Andros, an aged clergyman, an account of his sufferings on board of this ship : " On the commencement of the first evening we were driven down to darkness between decks, secured by iron gratings and an armed soldiery; and now a scene of hor- ror, "which baffles all description, presented itself On every side wretched, desponding shapes of men could be JERSEY PRISON SHIP. 13 seen. Around the well-room an armed guard were forcing up the prisoners to the winches, to clear the ship of water and prevent her sinking, and little else could be heard but a roar of mutual execrations, reproaches and insults. ** All the most deadly diseases were pressed into the service of the king of terrors, but his prime ministers were dysentery, small pox and yellow fever. There were two hospital ships near to the old Jersey, but these were soon so crowded with the sick that they could receive no more. The consequence was, that the diseased and the healthy were mingled together in the main ship. In a short time we had two hundred or more, sick and dying, lodged in the fore part of the lower gi n deck, where all the prison, ers were confined at night. Utter derangement was a common symptom of yellow^ fever; and, to increase the horror of the darkness that shrouded us, (for we were allowed no light betwixt decks,) the voice of w^arning would be heard, * Take heed of yourselves ; there is a mad- man stalking through the ship with a knife in his hand.' I sometimes found the man a corpse in the morning by whose side I laid myself down at night. While so many were sick with raging fever, there was a loud cry for w^ater, but none could be had except on the upper deck, and but one allowed to ascend at a time. The suffering then, from the rage of thirst during the night, was very great. Nor was it at all times safe to attempt to go up. Provoked by the continual cry for leave to ascend, when there was already one on deck, the sentry would push them back with his bayonet. By one of these thrusts, which was more spiteful and violent than common, I had a narrow escape of my Hfe. In the morning the hatch- ways were thrown open, and we were allowed to ascend, all at once, and remain on the upper deck during the day. But the first object that met our view^ in the morning was a most appalling spectacle— a boat loaded with dead bodies, conveying them to the Long Island shore, where they were very slightly covered with sand. I sometimes used to stand to count the number of times the shovel was filled with sand to cover a dead body ; and certain I am that a 2 14 PICTUKE OF NEW-YORK. few high tides or torrents of rain must have disinterred them ; and had they not been removed, I should suppose the shore, even now, would be covered with huge piles of the bones of American seamen. There were, probably, four hundred on board who had never had the small pox — some, perhaps, might have been saved by inoculation. But humanity was wanting to try even this experiment. Let our disease be what it would, we were abandoned to our fate. Now and then an American physician was brought in as a captive, but if he could obtain his parole he left the ship, nor could we much blame him for this, for his own death was next to certain, and his success in saving others by medicin 1830 Grammar School, j James Renwick, L. L. D., Professor of Natural and ) jg^Q Experimental Philosophy and Chemistry, \ Rev. Charles W. Hackley, S. T. D., Professor of ) jg^g Mathematics and Astronomy, ^ PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 37 James Kent, L. L. D., Professor of Law, 1823 E. Felix Forresti, L. L. D., Professor of the Italian ) ^g^g Language and Literature, ) Felix G. Berteau, L. L. D., Professor of the French ) ^839 Language and Literature, ^ Rev. Samuel H. Turner, S. T. D., Professor of the ) iq^q Hebrew Language, \ Mariano Velasquez de la Cadena, Professor of the ) iq^Q Spanish Language and Literature, ^ John Lewis Telkampf, J. U. D., Gottingen, Gebhard ^ Professor of the German Language and Litera- >1843 ture ) MASONir: HALL, Late head quarters of the Whigs, is situated on the east side of Broadway, between Duane and Pearl streets, and is one of the finest buildings of the kind in the country. It was built in 1826, by the Masons, before their importance w^as diminished by opposition. It is in the Gothic style of architecture. It fronts fifty feet on Broadway, and extends back one hundred and twenty feet. The front is built of granite, seventy feet in height from the street to the battle- ments in the centre. The second story is a grand Gothic saloon, ninety feet in length, forty-seven feet in width, and twenty.five feet high, and is one of the most magnificent halls in the union. The floor is supported by elastic springs for dancing ; the ceilinr' is divided into basket or fan arches, with pendants of open work, and columns support the arches projecting from the walls. The blank windows in the room are filled with mirrors, which render the hall when lighted very brilliant. This hall is now used as a bowling saloon, and is a place of great resort. COLOURED HOME, For the aged and indigent, is located in Forty-second- street, corner of Fifth Avenue. Officers : Miss Mary Shot- well, 1st Directress ; Mrs. P. G. Arcularius, 2d Directress ; Mrs. W.W. Chester, Secretary ; Dr. J. D. Fitch, Treasurer. 4 38 PICTURE OF NEW-YORK. RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. American Bible Society. — This Institution, which is lo- cated at 115 Nassau-street, was organized in 1816. Hon. John Cotton Smith, President. Its government is in the hands of a Board of thirty-six Lay-managers of various religious denominations. The Society has a house one hundred feet square, extending through from Nassau-street to Theatre alley, with a court in the centre. In this build- ing are the offices of the Corresponding Secretary, the Financial Secretary and the General Agent. Over one thousand Bibles are produced here every day, and 429,090 were printed in 1845, costing §^166,652. The Society sell 4 .. 6 04 fil . G\ 7 61 ^4 .. 6i n 7 One Hundred and Seventeenth,. .. 7 7i One Hundred and Twenty-first, . 7i 8 % One Hundred and Twenty-sixth, 7i 8i 8 One Hundred and Thirty-sixth,. .. 8 8| 8i Si 9 8i One Hundred and Forty-fifth,. . , . .. Si 9i 9 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth,, , . 9 91 9J EXPRESSES. 99 DISTANCES FROM THE CITY-HALL TO _DIFFERENT PUBLIC PLACES IN THE CITY, ETC. From the City- Hall, Miles.] From the City-Hall, Miles. To the Battery, south end, 1 j To the Dry Dock, . 2 north do. |i To Corlear's Hook, . 1^ To the foot of Courtlandt-st. \ To Catharine-st. Ferry, | Barclay-st, || To Fulton-st. Ferry, . I " Chambers-st. To Brooklyn, foot of Canal-st. 1 Fulton-st. . . 1 To the Old State Prison \ ** foot of Atlaniicst. 2 dock, . . . Ill " City-Kail, . . 2 To Fort Gansevoort, . 2 | To U. S. Navy Yard, . \\ To the Frot. Epis. Theolo. i To Williamsburgh, . 2 Seminary, . . 2^ To Jersey City, . . li To the House of Refuge, 2i: To Hoboken, ... 2 To Bellevue, . . 2^; To Harlsem, ... 8 EXPRESSES. Adams ^ Co., 17 Wall-street, Boston, Worcester, Norwich, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburgh and Foreign. Baldwin, 6 Wall-street, Newark, Ne w-Haven and Hartford. Carman, Brooklyn, 20 Liberty-street. Godfrey ^ Co., 6 Wall-street, Taunton, New-Bedford and Nantucket. Gorton, 17 Wall-street, ^'tonington, Providence, Newport and Fall River. Harnden ^ Co., 6 Wall-street, Boston, Providence, Phila- delphia, Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburgh and Foreign. Matheios, 10 Wall-street, Oswe^-o, (N. Y.,) Kingston and Toronto, (Canada.) Livingston ^ Co., 6 Wali-street, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburgh and South. Livingston ^ Wells, 10 Wall-street, Albany, Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago and Canada. Pullen Co., 10 Wall-street, Troy and Northern Express. Virgil ^ Co., 10 Wall-street, Montreal and Quebec. 100 PICTURE OF NEW- YORK. HACKNEY COACH STANDS. 1. On the south side of the Park. 2. In Broadway, near Wall-street. 3. In Broadway, around the Bowling Green. 4. In Pearl-street, at Hanover square. 5. In Hudson-street, along St. John's Park. 6. In Hudson-street, near Duane. 7. In Chatham square. 8. On the north side of Canal-street, near Broadway. 9. Near all the principal steam-boat landings. RATES OF FARE OF HACKNEY COACHES, CARRIAGES OR CABS. (Established by City Ordinance.) For conveying a passenger any distance not exceeding one mile, twenty-five cents ; for conveying two passengers the same distance, fifty cents, or twenty-five cents each, and every additional passenger twenty-five cents. For conveying a passenger any distance exceeding a mile, and within two miles, fifty-cents ; and for every ad- ditional passenger, twenty-five cents. For conveying one passenger to the New Aims-House, fifty cents, and for returning, fifty cents ; for conveying two passengers the same distance, seventy-f ve cents for the two, and twenty-five cents going, and twenty-five cents returning, for every additional passenger. For conveying any passenger to Forty-second-street, and remaining half an hour, and returning, one dollar ; and for every additional passenger, twenty-five cents. For conveying one passenger to Sixty-first.street, and remaining three-quarters of an hour, and returning, one dollar and fifty cents ; and for every additional passenger, thirty-seven and a half cents. For conveying one passenger to Eighty-sixth-street, and remaining an hour, and returning, two dollars ; and for every additional passenger, fifty cents. For conveying one or more passengers to Harleem, and returning, with the privilege of remaining three hours, four dollars. RATES OF FARE OF COACHES, ETC. 101 For conveying one or more passengers to King's bridge, and returning, with the privilege of keeping the carriage or cab ail day, five dollars. For the use of a hackney coach, carriage or cab, by the day, with one or more passengers, five dollars. For ihe use of a hackney coach, carriage or cab, by the hour, with one or more passengers, with the privilege of going from place to place, and stopping as often as may be required, as follows : — for the first hour, one dollar ; for ihe second hour, seventy.five cents ; and for every suc- ceeding hour, fifty cents. For children between two and fourteen years of age, half price only is to be charged ; and for children under two years of age, no charge is to be made. Whenever a hackney coach, carriage or cab shall be detained, except as aforesaid, the owner or driver shall be allowed after the rate of seventy.five cents an hour, and thirty-seven and a half cents for each and every subse- quent hour, and so on in proportion for any part of the first and subsequent hour which the same may be so detained. For attending a funeral within the Lamp and Watch District, two dollars, and the Potter's Field, three dollars ; which charge shall include the necessary detention and re- turning with passengers. Every driver or owner of a hackney coach, carriage or cab, shall carry, transport, and convey in and upon his coach, carriage or cab, in addition to the person or persons therein, one trunk, v&.\ise, saddle-bag, carpet-bag, port- manteau or box, if he be requested so to do, for each pas- senger, without charge or compensation therefor ; but for every trunk or other such article above named, more than one for each passenger, he shall be entitled to demand and I receive the sum of six cents. ! In case of disagreement as to distance or price, the j same shall be determined by the Mayor, or Superintendent i of hackney coaches and cabs. The owner of any hackney coach, carriage or cab, shall not demand or receive any pay for the conveyance of any passenger, unless the number of the carriage, and the rates 9* 102 PICTURE OF NEW. YORK. and prices of fare, shall be fixed and placed in a manner hereinafter directed in second section of title fourth of this law, at the time such passenger may be conveyed in such coach, carriage or cab. The owner or driver of any hackney coach, carriage or cab, shall not be entitled to recover or receive any pay ' from any person from whom he shall have demanded any greater price of rates than he maybe authorized to receive as aforesaid. Upon the trial of any cause commenced for the recovery of any of the aforesaid prices or rates, it shall be incum- bent upon the plaintiff or plaintiffs in such action, to prove that the number and prices or rates were placed and fixed in pursuance of the provisions of this law, at the time the services were rendered for which the suit may be brought. No owner or driver of any hackney coach, carriage or cab, in the city of New.York, shall ask, demand or re- ceive any larger sum than he or they may be entitled to receive ?s aforesaid, under the penalty of ten dollars for every such offence, to be sued for and recovered from the owner or owners, or drivers, of any such hackney coach, carriage or cab, severally and respectively. Complaints of any violation of the hackney coach or cab law, can be made at the Mayor's office, City-Hall, or at the office of the Chief of Police, in the Park. PUBLIC PORTERS AND HAND-CART MEN — RATES OF FARE. For carrying a load upon a wheelbarrow — 1. For any distance not exceeding half a mile, 12| cents. 2. For any distance over half a mile, and not exceed- ing a mile, 25 cents ; and in that proportion for any greater distance. For carrying a load upon a hand-barrow — 1. For any distance not exceeding half a mile, 25 cents. 2. For any distance over half a mile, and not exceed- ing a mile, 44 cents ; and in that proportion for any greater distance. For carting a load in a hand-cart — HUDSON RIVER STEAM-BOATS. 103 1. For any distance not exceeding half a mile, 18 cents. 2. For any distance over half a mile, and not exceed, ing a mile, 31 cents ; and in that proportion for any greater distance. HUDSON RIVER STEAM-BOATS. The following list embraces all the Passage Boats built and running on the Hudson river, between New- York, Albany and Troy, since their first introduction by Robert Fulton, in the fall of 1807. ^uUr Names. Tons. Remarks. 1807 Clermont, Name changed to N. River 1808 North River, 166, Broken up 1809 Car of Neptune, 295, 1811 Hope, 280, " " 1811 Perseverance, 280, 1811 Paragon, 331, Sunk, 1825. 1813 Richmond, 370, Broken up, 1815 Olive Branch, 295, 1816 Chanc'r Livingston, 495, " " 1823 James Kent, 364, Coal barge. 1824 Hudson, 170, Broken up. 1825 Sandusky, 289, Tow boat. 1825 Constitution, 276, Now Indiana. 1825 Constellation, 276. Tow barge. 1825 Ch.Just'e Marshall, 300, Lost in Long Isl'd Sound. 1825 Saratoga, 250, Tow barge. 1826 Sun, 280, Burnt, 1831. 1826 New Philadelphia, 300, Runs on Delaware river. 1827 Albany, 298, Runs to Troy. 1827 Independence, 368, On Philadelphia route. 1827 North America, 497, Destroyed by ice, 1839. 1827 Victory, 290, Sunk in 1845. 1828 De Witt Clinton, 571, Engine in Knickerbocker, 1829 Ohio, 412, Tow barge. 1830 Novelty, 477, Broken up, 1832 Champlain, 471, Tow barge. 1832 Erie, 472, Tow barge. 104 PICTURE OF NEW. YORK. Built. 1833 1835 1836 1836 1837 1838 1839 1839 1840 1840 1841 1841 1842 1843 1842 1845 1845 1845 Names. Helen, Robert L. Stevens, Rochester, Swallow, Urica, Diamond, Balloon, North America, South America, Troy, Columbia, Rainbow, Curtis Peck, Empire, Knickerbocker, Belle, Express, Niagira, Rip Van Winkle, Hendrick Hudson, Tons. 298, 491, 326, 340, 398, 204, 494, 638, 724, 391, 230, 936, 858, 430, 288, 730, 540, 1170, Remarks. Destroyed, 1834. Runs to Saugerties. Runs to Albany. Destroyed April 7, 1845. Runs to Albany. Laid up. Runs to Newark. Runs to Albany. Runs to Troy. Runs to Albany. On Delaware river. On James river, Va. Runs to Troy. Runs to Albany. Runs to Troy. Runs to Albany. Extract from the Pictvresque Touristy published by J. Disturnell, in 1844. Passenger Barges. — In 1826, the steam-ooai Com- merce, Captain George E.Seymour, towed the passenger barge. Lady Clinton, and the steam-boat Swiftsure, Capt. Cowden, towed the passenger barge. Lady Van Rensse- laer." Extract from the Albany Gazette, dated Oct. 5, 1807. " Friday, Oct. 2, 1807, the steam-boat (Clermont) left New. York at 10 o'clock, A. M., against a stormy tide, very rough water, and a violent gale from the north. She made a headway beyond the most sanguine expectations, and without being rocked by the waves. " Arrived at Albany, Oct. 4, at 10 o'clock, P. M., being detained by being obliged to come to anchor, owing to a gale, and having one of her paddle wheels torn away by running foul of a sloop." HUDSON RIVER STEXM-BOATS. 105 Copy of an Advertisement taken from the Albany Gazette^ dated September, 1807. ** The North river steam. boat will leave Pauler's Hook Ferry [now Jersey City] on Friday, the 4th of September, at 9 in the morning, and arrive at Albany on Saturday, at 9 in the afternoon. Provisions, good berths and accom- modations are provided. The charge to each passenger is as follows: To Newburgh, dolls. 3, time, 14 hours. Poughkeepsie, 4 17 *' Esopus, " 5 20 Hudson, 5i " 30 Albany, 7 " 36 '* For places apply to Wm. Vandervoort, No. 48 Court- landt.street, on the corner of Greenwich-strcet. **Sept. 2, 1807." Extract from the New- York Evening Post, dated Oct. 9, 1807. Mr. Fulton's newly invented steam-boat, which is fit- ted up in a neat style for passengers, and is intended to run from New-York to Albany as a packet, left here this morn- ing with ninety passengers, against a strong head wind. Notwithstanding which, it was judged she moved through the water at the rate of six miles an hour." Notice. — It is stated on the authority of Captain E. S» Bunker, that the Clermont, or experiment boat^diS some- times called, the first steam-boat constructed under the di- rection and superintendence of Robert Fulton, in 1807, was 100 feet long, 12 feet wide and 7 feet deep. In 1808 she was lengthened to 150 feet, widened to 18 feet, and had her name changed to North River. The engine was constructed in England, by Wati & Bolton, and brought to Ne W.York in Dec, 1806, by Mr. Fulton. The hull of the boat was constructed by Charles Brown, an eminent ship- builder in New-York. In August, 1807, the boat was pro- pelled by steam from the East river to the Jersey shore, and on the 2d of Oct. following, she started on her first trip to Alb an V. 106 PICXrRE OF NEW. YORK. POPULATION. A general census of the population of the United States is taken every ten years by the general government, and a Slate census of this state in the intermediate five years. By that of 1800, it appears that New. York city contained 60,489 inhabitants. In 18U5, immediately after the disap. pearance of the epidemic disease which had previously ra- vaged the city, an enumeration was made by the common council, when it was found the population had increased to 75,570 ; viz : White males, 35,384 White females, 36,378 71,762 Coloured males, free, 664 Coloured females, free, 1,096 1,760 Coloured males, slaves, 818 Coloured females, slaves.... 1,230 2,048 Total population, 1805, 75,570 During the last twenty years the population has doubled itself; and if the same increase continue to the year 1868, there will be 764,000, and in 1888, 1,620,000. On the supposition that the population will double every 25 years, the following would be the result, beginning with the cen- sus of 1825 : In 1825 there would be 166,000 1850 332,000 " 1875 " 664,000 1900 " " 1,328,000 The ratio of increase for the city of New.York appears to be as follows : From 1805 to 1830, 25 years, 160 per cent. From 1830 to 1835, 5 years, 33 From 1S35 to 1840, 5 years, 15 From 1840 to 1845, 5 years, 20 We give the census of 1830, '35 and '40, together with that recently completed for 1845. POPULATION. 107 Wards. 1630. 1835. 1540. 1345. 1st. 11,331 10,380 10,629 12,230 2d 8.203 7,549 6,394 6,962 3d 9,599 10,884 11,581 12,900 I 4th 12,705 15,439 15,770 21.000 I 5th 17,722 18,495 19,159 20,263 | 6th 13,570 16,827 17,198 19,343 7th 15,873 21,481 22,932 25,502 | 8th 20,729 28,570 29,073 36,846 9th 22,810 20,618 24,795 30,907 10th 16,438 20,926 28,026 20,993 i 11th 14,915 26,845 17,052 27,259 | 12th 11,808 24,437 11,652 13,378 13th 12,598 17,130 18,517 22,411 14th 14,288 17,306 20,235 21,103 15th 13,202 17,755 19,432 16th 22,273 40,337 17th 18,619 27,147 Total, 202,589 270,^39 312,710 371,102 Males in 1845 180,365 Females in 1845, 190,732 Total, 371,102 The increase for the 5 years is 58,392. In the census of 1845 we find the following results : Natives of Great Britain, 95,373 France, 3,763 « Germany, 43,416 ** other foreign countries, 3,650 Total bom abroad, 146,202 Blacks, 11,831 " Native whites, 213,069 Total,..., 371,102 Of those born abroad, 61,961 are not naturalized. 108 PICTURE OF NEW-YORK. 1 ALMS-HOUSE. The very extensive enclosure and buildings occupied by the Aims-House department, stand on the eastern shore of the island, three miles from the City.Hall, on the imme- diate bank of the East river. The premises, consisting of 26 or 30 acres, are enclosed by a stone wall ten feet in height. The main edifice is expensively constructed of stone, three stories in height, 325 feet in length, and 55 in width, with two large wings at each end. It contains 60 apartments, a chapel, and two large dining-rooms. Well behaved persons may visit the Aims-House at all hours. Able bodied paupers are provided with work. A school for the children is connected with the establishment. There is a resident physician and several assistants con- stantly in attendance. The following statement of the con- dition of the establishment in November, 1845, has been given to us by the gentlemanly Commissioner, Mr. Ander- son : Th3 number of persons in the several departments con- nected with the Alms-House department, is 4,628. In the Alms House at Bellevue, there are 1,409 persons : 575 males, 555 females, 144 boys, and 135 girls. In the Hos- pital there are 510 patients, of whom 313 are females, and 197 are males. In the Nursery on Long Island, opposite the site of the Alms-?Iouse, there are 556 patients, and in the hospital adjoining, there are 90 patients. In the Peni- tentiary, Blackwell's Island, there are 1,095 convicts, of whom 569 are males, and 528 are females. In the hospital of the Penitentiary there are 250 patients. In the Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, there are 384 inmates. In the City Prison there are 172 inmates, of whom 118 are males, and 54 are females. Connected with the Aims-House there is an out-door es- tabhshment, consisting of paupers, foundlings and illegiti- mates, 4,628 of whom receive a stipulated sum every week. There are 1,250 out-door paupers receiving weekly relief from the Commissioner of this department. The whole PENITENTIARY, Blackweiria Island. CLIMATE AND DISEASES. 109 expenses of the Alms-House department for the year end- ing January 1st, 1845, was §255,275 85. CLIMATE AND DISEASES OF NEW-YOKK. The average temperature of our climate throughout the year is 55*^ of Fahrenheit's thermometer; and that is also the temperature of the deepest wells. The greatest degree of cold ever experienced is 6 or 10° below zero ; but that is very rare — having occurred in 1780 and in 1820, when persons went berA oen this city and Staten Island o.i the ice. In winter the thermometer rarely sinks lower than 10° or 20° below the freezing point, and in a few hours the cold always moderates. The vicinity of the ocean and the gulf stream produces a perceptible influence on our atmosphere, and conduces to ameliorate the seve- rity of the winter. The snow seldom lasts more than two weeks, in January or February, and early in March the winter usually terminates. The highest temperature of our summer is about 80^ or 90, and is very rarely of long continuance. T^rom the middle of September to about lue last of October, the atmosphere will generally vie with any in the world for serenity and beauty. Winter generally sets in about Christmas, and continues for about two months. The following table will give an idea of the weather from day to day, during the year. The first frosts appear about the middle of October, and the last are usually seen in April, and occasion:,1ly in May. Gardening in the vicinity begins in March, and the forests are usually in full leaf in the latter part of April or beginning of May. Sudden changes of temperature frequently occur in sum- mer and winter, which, unless guarded against, will cause severe colds and other diseases ; — but New. York, gene- rally speaking, is as healthy a spot as any city in the world. 10 110 PICTURE OF NEW-YOr.K. i X H O o o o o O 1 ci c^frrcr"- c» - o> eft' sp'i!A\ SuiiiBAaJ^i I c 3» ri'c^ sT"'^ ;^ Mfifilfii iiifife iiffli c c » o - N oc = lO - ^ CO :::::::::::: MM -If ^ II- m m fifi r APPORTIONI^lE.NT OF SCHOOL MONEY. Ill APPORTIONMENT OF SCHOOL MONEY FOR THE YEAR 1845. Whole amount apportioned, ^187,089 44 Schools of the Public School So- ciety, f 122,739 78 Ward Schools. 1st Ward, 83,454 29 4th " 8,677 66 6th 5,790 82 7th " 4,445 57 10th 6,163 78 11th « 7,889 71 12th " 3,427 69 14th " 9,018 44 16th 1,052 42 17th " 2,364 96 52,285 34 Harlcem School, 1,500 89 Yorkville Pubhc School ],945 45 Manhattanville Free School, 730 70 Hamilton Free School, 248 14 Mechanics' Society's School, 486 26 New-York Orphan Asylum School, 1,328 69 Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum School 1,536 39 Leake & Watt's Orphan House,. 460 92 Protestant Half-Orpha.,'?. Asylum School 1,551 75 Roman Catholic Half-Orphan Asy- lum School, 775 88 School of the Institution for the Blind 702 89 School of the Association for the benefit of Coloured Orphans, 796 36 $187,089 44 112 PICTUKE OF NEW-TORK. "I DAGUERKIAN GALLERIES. The most extensive establishment of the kind is Plumbe's, at 251 Broadway. The free gallery attached to it is mucli frequented by persons interested in Daguer- rian pictures, as it containo a very extensive collection i of choice specimens of the art. Several rooms are attach- ed to the establishment for the various purposes connected with the making of pictures. Mr. Plumbe is esteemed one of the very best Daguerreotypists in the world. Anthony, Edwards & Co., have also an extensive gal- lery, possessing portraits of most of the distinguished men of the country. These productions are equally as good as Plumbe's. Chilton's gallery is also worthy of attention, as his miniatures are very excellent. Parkinson, an able Daguerreotypist, is celebrated for the beauty and perfection of out-door scenes, buildings, &c. A very splendid view of Niagara Falls, and views of most of the public buildings in New-York, may be seen at his rooms. In this department of the business he is unequalled — his miniatures are very perfect. The prices for miniatures in the various Daguerreotype establishments, vary from one dollar to five dollars, but none that are really good can be obtained for less than three or four dollars. ARTISTS. In this city there are over three hundred artists in the various branches of portrait, miniature, landscape and historical painting. The most distinguished painters in America find in New. York a liberal appreciation of, and remuneration for their talents. In portrait painting, Messrs. Page, Inraan, Elliott, Ing- ham, Huntington, Mooney, and some others, rank among the highest in America. Their rooms generally have spe- cimens of their work, and the lovers of art will be generally received in them with kindness and hospitality. i Mr. Elliott's rooms, which are in the Granite Building, i corner of Broadway and Chambers-street, can be visited SIR HENRY Clinton's house. Broad \V!iy. ARTISTS. 113 at all hours by the stranger, who will find among his pic. tures many well worth attention. Mr. Elliott's portraits are very much admired for their truth to nature, freedom of handling and beauty of colouring — particularly his female heads. Mr, May's rooms, 44 Vesey-street, are also well worth visiting. His portraits are highly valued, and few painters have more promise for the future. Among the landscape painters of New-York, the most conspic«iOus are Cole, Durand and Cropscy. Mr. Cropsey, whose rooms are in the Granite Building, is a young artist, and is destined to take a high rank in this department of art. Mr. Matteson, historical painter, is, beginning to take high rank, and has already produced some very excellent works. Boyle, May, Chapman and Hicks have also pro- duced pictures which place them high in the estimation of the lovers of art. Kneeland, Frazee and Launitz, are names well known among the admirers of sculpture. Mr. Kneeland's busts are among the finest ever modelled in this country. No Ameiican, except Powers, has e\ er surpassed them. He has also acquired great celebrity for his equestrian statue of Washington, — one of the most perfect works of the kind produced in modern times. It is destined for the national capitol. Miniature painters abound in New-York. Among the most conspicuous are Cummings, P'anshaw, Hite, Shum- way and McDougal. Mr. McDougal's rooms contain many interesting specimens of this department of art, and will well repay the visiter for a call on the gentlemanly artist. SIR HENRY CLTNTO?i'S HOUSE, Fuoi of Broaaway. This is one of the curious relics of the style of building in New-Yt>rk during the last century. This house is now occupied as a private dwelling by one of the merchants of New-York. 114 PICTURE OF NEW-YORK. There are numerous other houses of old standing in different parts of the ciiy, remarkable for their appearance, but our limits will not allow us to describe them. BANKS OF NEW-YORK. Among these are some of the most costly and elaborately constructed public buildings of the city. The engraving on the opposite page is a view of the Union Bank and the National Bank, in Wall-street. There are several very elegant buildings occupied by some of the banks of Wall- street, among which we can name the Bank of America ; the Merchants' Bank ; the Bank of the State of New- York ; the American Exchange Bank, and the new Phe- nix Bank. The last two mentioned, occupy large roorr-^ in the rear ; the front rooms being used for insurance offices. There are now twenty-four banks in the city of New-York, and three in Brooklyn. The New-York banks are located as follows ; Thirteen in Wall-street, two in Greenwich-street, one in Broadway., one in the Bowery, one in Chatham-street, one in William. street, two in Pearl-street, one in Grand- street, one in Hudson-street, and one in Avenue D. GAS WORKS, In Canal-street, corner of Centre-street, This is a very interesting place, for here the visiter can see the manner in which the gas that lights the city is made. The machine- ry is very interesting, and perfectly accessible at the usual business hours. GYMNASIUiMS. The princ'nal establishment of this kind is situated in a large and very commodious building, at Nos. 159 and 161 Crosby-street. Fencing, sparring, wrestling, reading, dressing and bathing rooms are found in this establishment and accommodatior's for all the exercises practised in Eu. ropean gymnasiums. The instituti'^n is very complete in all its departments, and forms one of the most interesting objects for visiters in the city. Terms — one year, $12 ; STORES. 115 six months, §8 ; three months, $5. J. T. Hatfield, pro- prietor ; H. T. Swiggs, director. This estabhshment has the patronage of some of the most distinguished members of the medical profession in this city. As a means of pre- serving health, developing the physical faculties, and giving ease, strength and grace to the body— -gymnastic exercises are of vast importance. Thousands of persons in this city, of sedentary habits, are now suffering, and laying the seeds of disease and death in their constitutions^ who might gain relief and prolong their lives by a timely resort to the manly exercises above mentioned. It is strange that with the vast amount of medical and scientific testimony that exists in their favour, they should be so much neglect, ed. These rooms are most used in the evening, when the visiter can gain admission on application at the door. FANCY STORE. The fancy store at No. 259 Broadway, is stocked with an immense variety of fancy articles, of rare and curious workmanship, and numerous articles of luxury and taste — presenting a very beautiful melange, which is well worth visiting. LOOKING GLASS STORE. Messrs. Williams &, Stevens, 343 Broadway, have a very elegant establishment, got up with great taste, for the sale and manufacture of picture-frames and mirrors, of every size and price, from one thousand dollars down to ordinary prices; and frames of the most elaborate and costly workmanship may be seen here. PUBLIC BATHS. There are three principal bathing establishments in New-York, besides many smailer ones — the latter are, however, inferior to the larger establishments in comfort, neatness, and general accommodations. Stoppani's rooms, corner of Walker.street and Broadway, are very sumptu- ously finished, with marble baths and other elegant and useful accompaniments. The establishment is well worth 116 PICTUrvE OF NEW-YORK. visiting, as it is constructed with great taste and elegance. Single baths, 25 cents. A set of ladies' baihs are at- tached to the establishment, wiih a separate entrance in Walker-street, which deserve patronage. Warm, cold and shower baths may be enjoyed in this establishment from 6 A. M. till 11 P. M. Palmo's baths, in Chambers-street, opposite the Park, are much frequented, and are in some particulars supeiior to Stoppani's. The visiter will always be treated with po. lite attention, and in all except decoration, these baths are superior to their Broadway rivals. Price of baths, 25 cts. Rabineau's baths, in the Astor House, entrance on Vesey-street, is a very neat and popular establishment, and is entitled to patronage. Medicinal baths are prepared here, under the care of the proprietor, who is a physician. There are several other establishments about town of an inferior class, but very much frequented by the public, and open at low prices. Floating Baths. — There are several establishments of this kind. The principal ones are stationed at Castle Gar- den, and are open only during the summer months. The salt water of the bay is used, and persons may be accom- modated with a public bath basin, or small private rooms. Price 25 cents for each bath. There is also a ladies' de- partment, elegantly fitted up. There are several other minor floating baths ; one at the foot of Canal-street, one at the foot of Chrisiopher-street, and several on the East river. OLD BUILDINGS IN NEW-YORK. THE Vr ALTON HOrSE," No. 326 Pparl-slreot. The "Walton House" was built in 1754, by William Walton, a prosperous English gentleman, who resided in Hanover square. This then splendid dw^elling was built out of town, as a kind of country seat. It was bequeathed I OLD HOUSE. BILL OF MORTALITY. 117 by the founder to his nephew William, who was one of His Majesty's council before the revolution. It was built of bricks brought from Holland, ornamented with brown stone water tables, lintels, ccc. The hall is an ample room, and the staircase of large carved work, gives the whole a most imposing air of aristo- cratic grandeur. It is now a boarding-house, but well worth the attention of the curious. DUTCH HOUSES IN 1630. The annexed cut exhibits the fashion of most of the Dutch buildings in the early settlement of New- York. The building here represented stood in Broad-street, and was built by Peter Minuit, the first governor of New-Am- sterdam. This house was built in 1629, and was a famous house in its time. The greater part of Broad-street was originally built up in the same manner. The houses were all built of bricks brought from Holland, and were con- structed with the gable end to the street, and usually with a sharp and pointed roof. There is scarce a building of the kind now left in the city. BILL OF MORTALITY FOR THE YEAR 1844. Abstract of the Annual Report of Eli Leivitt, City In. spector^ of the deaths in the city of New- York, for the year 1844. The whole number of deaths reported during the year 1844, amounts to 8,955, "3ing 262 more than the number registered in the preceding year, and 221 less than in the year 1842. Of these there were :— Males. Females. Total. Whites, 4 534 3,983 8,517 Coloured 219 220 438 4,753 4,202 8,955 Of this number, the premature and still births amounted to 828, viz : — whites, 786; coloured, 42. Total deaths, exclusive of still-born, &c., 8,127. 118 riCTURE OF NEW. YORK. The number of the deaths of white males exceeded that of the females 631. Returns are ordered by law, and weekly statements of deaths and diseases are published in all the papers, and at the end of the year a minute an- nual report is made by the City Inspector. The interments during the year 1844, were in the fol- lowing cemeteries : Africa'n, 190 Associate Reformed, 24 Baptist, 139 Catholic, 3,043 Dutch Reformed, 214 Friends, 52 German, 325 Hebrew, 60 Methodist 1,388 Presbyterian, 753 Marble Cemeteries, 143 Moravian, 1 Potter's Field, 408 Randall's Island, 840 Removed from the city, » 983 Not stated, 392 Total, 8,955 Of the above there died at — Aims-House, Bellevue, 86 Hospital, 402 Penitentiary, Blackwell's Island, 72 Penitentiary Hospital, 5 Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, 44 House of Refuge, 1 City Hospital, 119 City Prison, 13 Long Island Farms, 55 Home for aged coloured females, 1 Orphari Asylum, Prince-street, 1 Total, 798 BILL OF MORTALITY. 119 Deaths by the principal diseases in 1844, compared with the two previous years 1st CUiss. 1S32. 1S43. 1S44. 181 117 20 60 118 51 416 223 225 191 63 164 513 378 329 90 63 77 214 191 131 2d Class. 131 144 156 327 355 340 129 120 127 3d Class. 261 191 167 394 430 473 601 551 612 108 108 120 52 37 64 Brain, disease of, ... .. 22 111 173 4th Class. 530 540 471 Hydro-thorax, . . 70 70 49 1339 1503 1466 40 D'5 9A 5th Class. TX J- 1 lU IIP 1 flQ J oy 6ih Class. 54 71 Gastritus, &c , 282 249 Sth Class. Child birth, 69 78 54 nth Class. Old age, 110 108 104 mh Clast 31 41 46 Of the first class of diseases, the deaths by small pox, measles, and cholera infantum, were 213 less in 1844 than in 1843. 120 PICTURE OF NEW-YOKK. Of the third class, the deaths by five of the diseases above stated have each increased ; of those reported of convulsions, 471 were under the age of two years. Hy. drocephalus has taken the precedence of Cholera In- fantum, and has become the most formidable disease to which infants are exposed. Number of deaths in each month in 1844 and 1839. 1844. 1S?9. j 1844. 1839. .. 686 568 1 July, 836 739 . 605 836 890 r.Iarch, .. 644 587 1 September,... 720 708 .. 560 528 i October, Go7 612 May, . 598 491 November,.... 662 592 . 620 483 1 December,.... 707 550 8,141 7,361 Still born, 828 592 Total, 8,969 7,953 ARRIVALS AT THE PORT OF NEW-YORK DU- RING THE YEAR 1844. Steamers, 3 Ships, 471 Barques, 351 Brigs, 929 Galliots,. 8 Schooners, 443 Sloops, 3 2,208 Arrivals coastwise, 5,360 Total, 7,568 Whole number in 1843 6,566 Increase, 1,002 TRINITY CHURCH. Page 1-21. CHUnCHES IN KEW-YORK. 121 Of the arrivals from Foreign Ports, there were, American vessels, 1,575 British do 321 Bremen do. Hamburgh, 83 Swedish do 91 Norwegian do 30 French do 11 All others, 97 Total, 2,208 Passengers arrived from Foreign Countries. In 1844, 61,002 ; In 1841, 57,337 1843, 46,302] 1840, 62,797 1842, 74,949 I 1839, 48,152 cnuRcnEis iiv new-yokk. TRINITY CHURCH— (Episcopal,) BROADWAY, OPPOSITE WALL-STREET. Erected in 1841-1845. This is the principal church building belonging to the Episcopalians in the city, and is the mother of all the others. The first place of worship in the city was the *' Chapel in the Fort," n'hich was originally the Dutch Church ; but after the city was surrendered to the Engh'sh, in 1664, it became the Episcopal Church, and was called The King's Chapel." In 1696, a small square building called " Trinity Church," was erected on the site of the present elegant buildmg, on Broadway, at the head of Wall-street. In 1735, the church edifice was enlarged, and a farther enlargement took place in 1737, until it was 140 feet long, and 70 feet wide. In 1776, the edifice was destroyed by fire. In 1788, a new building was erected on the same site, of nearly the same dimensions, which 11 122 PICTURE OF NEW-YORK. was taken down in 1839, and preparations made for the new edifice, now nearly completed. The corner stone of the present building was laid June 3, 1841. When com- i pleted, it will probably be the most elegant church edifice in the city, and undoubtedly the most costly one. The amount of its cost has never been publicly stated. The material of the building is a fine, reddish sandstone, nicely dressed. It covers a large space of ground, meas- uring, when we include the tower, buttresses, &:c., not much short of 200 feet long, and more than 80 feet wide ; and yet so much of the space is occupied by the tower at the east end, and vestry at the west end, and space for the chancel, &-c., and having no galleries, it is not computed to accommodate in the pews more than about 800 persons. Externally the building has a most imposing appearance. The walls of the house are about 40 feet high, and are higjply ornamented, having large buttresses between the windows, terminating in tall pinnacles. The tower and steeple at the east end of the house is the principal object which engages the eye of the beholder : and whether we consider its comely proportions, or its style of finish, or its immense height, towering a? it does 264 feet into the air, it must be considered a noble specimen of architecture, and a fine ornament to that part of the city. ST. MARK'S CHURCH— (Episcopal,) STUVVESANT-STREET, EAST OF THE BOWERY. Erected in 1799. Si. Mark's Church is built of smooth stone, of a dark gray colour. It measures about 100 feet by 66. A school : room and vestry are attached to the rear, occupying about I a third of the width of the building, and running out some , I thirty or forty feet. The steeple is on the front of the | building facing the south, and is very lofty. It was not I built in its present form until 1826. The exterior of the ' church is plain, and has, at first view, rather an antique look ; but it has a very venerable appearance, and as a whole, is in good keeping with the purposes for which it is ST. mark's ClfURCH. CHURCHES IN NEW-YORK. 123 occupied. It stands on the former estate of Petrus Stuy. vesant, the last of the Dutch governors, and his remains lie in a vault under the church : a brown tablet on the east side of the church, outside, marks the place. The re- mains of Col. Henry Sloughter, one of the English govern, ors, lie in the same vault, and those of Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, in another near by. The heads of three dy- nasties, Dutch, English and American, are thus reposing in peace together. This church is in a very flourishing condition. The Rev. Dr. Anthon is the present minister. ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH— (Efiscofal,) CORNER OF BEEKMAN AND CLIFF STREETS. Erected in 1752. This building was originally a chapel of Trinity Church, and continued in this relation until the year 1811. Hence the spot it occupies was formerly called Chapel Hill,'* and the street in front, " Chapel-street." The vicinity was, at that time, a crowded and badly built part of the city. The church is built of brovvU stone, and is 104 feet I long and 72 feet wide. It had originally a tall steeple, ; but being destroyed by fire in 1814, it w^as rebuilt Vv'ith i the same walls, with a round blunt turret, some 30 feet high above the top of the building, containing a bell and a clock. It is a very substantial building, though exter. i nally quite plain. The interior of the church is finished I in a style much more r.ch and imposing, and strikes the 1 beholder at once, on entering a place so unpretending i in its exterior. i A former minister of this church, the Rev. John Ogilvie, ! D. D., was struck with apoplexy while reading the service in the church, and died in a tew days after. This hap. ; pened in the year 1774 The late Rev. Dr. Milnor, the I lamented rector of this church, died more suddenly, with 1 scarce a moment's warning, in the early part of 1845. The Rev. Stephen H. Tyng, D. D., is the present i minister. 124 PICTURE OF NEW-YORK. CHRIST'S CHURCH— (Episcopal,) ANTHONY-STREET, NEAR BROADWAY. Erected in 1823. This church was founded in the year 1794, and then occupied a wooden building in Ann-street, near Nassau. But in 1823, this house was erected, and the congregation removed to it. The rear and side walls are of very rough smali stones, but the front is very beautiful smooth red stone. The structure measures 90 feet by 64. In each side there are five large pointed windows, containing 90 panes each, of common-sized plain glass, beside the points. The front presents three doors, of a common size, all alike, with a large pointed window ever each. The middle section of the front presents a small projection, with flat columns on each side. On the centre of the roof in front there is a tower of stone of about 15 feet square, and perhaps 20 feet high, with pinnacles on the four corners. The present minister of this church is the Rev. Dr. Lyell. FRENCH CHURCH— (Episcopal,) FRANKLIN-STREET, CORNER OF CHURCH-STREET. Erected in 1834. This is a rich looking building, of fine hammered white marble, measuring 100 feet by 50, and built at a cost of $60,000. It has neither tower nor spire, but on the front a deep pediment of between 20 and 30 feet in depth, sup. ported by four massive pillars in front, raised on a platform six steps from the sidewalk, and two others far under the pediment, one on each side of the main entrance. The front of the main building is plain, with one large door and no window. On each side there are three long windows, square at the top. The whole building, though not ornamented, has about it an air of silent grandeur. The congregation now worshipping in this church, for CHURCHES IN NEW-YORK. 125 merly occupied a large stone building standing on Pine-street, near Nassau-street, which was erected in j 1704, by some French Protestants, who founded their * church upon the principles and model of that in Geneva, j During the war of the revolution, the interior of this church { was nearly destroyed by the British soldiery. In 1794, it underwent a thorough repair; and in 1803, the members, with their minister, joined the Episcopal church, and from that time have been known as the church Du Si. Esprit. Like many of the other churches, the business of the mer- chants drove the families into the upper part of the city, and the result was the sale of their property in Pine-street, and the building of a new church. ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL— (Episcopal,) BROADWAY, BETWEEN FULTON AND VESEY STREETS. Erected in 1766. This is the third Episcopal church erected in the city. It is a venerable looking building, of dark gray stone, with a tower of stone and pointed rteeple of wood on the western end, opposite to the main entrance, different in this respect from any other church in the city. The total length of the edifice, including the portico in front and tower in the rear, is 151 feet, and the width is 73 feet. The height of the steeple is 203 feet. There are itwo bells hanging in the belfry, which once belonged to the chime in Trinity church. On the front, facing Broadway, a large pediment, 18 feet in depth, is displayed, supported by four Ionic co- lumns. In a niche, in the centre of the pediment, is a carved figure of St. Paul leaning on a sword. There is also in the front a slab of white marble inserted, bearing an inscription in remembrance of General Montgomery, who fell at Quebec, during the revolutionary war, and whose remains were removed to New- York by order of the state, in July, 1818. The sides of the building are not ornamented, and I excepting the portico in front, the whole exterior of the IP 126 PICTURE OF NEW-YORK. building presents a plain and sober appearance. When St. Paul's Chapel was built it was quite at the outskirts of the city; and the year in which the foundation was laid, the lot on which it stands, near the cemetery, was plough- ed up and sowed with wheat. The cemetery is a large ; plot of ground, extending from Broadway to Church-street, j and from Fulton to Vesey streets. It is now filled with I tombs and single graves, and contains some elegant mo- i numents. At the side of the church, and near Broadway, a tall column of white marble has been erected in memory j of Thomas Addis Emmet, the celebrated Irish barrister and patriot, who died here in 1827. Inscriptions are made on i three sides, one in English, one in Latin, and one in Irish. ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL— (Episcofal.) VARICK-STREET, ON THE EAST SIDE OF ST. JOHN'S PARK. Erected in 1807. The situation of this church is not surpassed by any church in the city, and the building itself presents altoge- ther aa imposing appearance. The material of which the walls are composed is a brownish sand stone ; and the Corinthian order is generally followed in the architecture. It covers a large space of ground, being frcin outside to outside, 132 feet in length and 80 feet in width. The portico in front i? about 20 feet deep, and the pediment is supported by four large columns, which stand on a plat- form raised five or six feet from the ground, to a level with the floor of the main building. The edifice being thus raised from the ground, presents a more sightly appearance. The spire of the church is very lofty, being, as it is stated, 214 feet and six inches from the ground, and with the exception of the spire of Trinity Church, is the highest in the city. The side walls of the church are considera- bly ornamented, and a heavy ballustrade passes around the roof. ; At the eastern end of the main building, and adjoining j BAPTIST CHURCH, Broome Street CHURCHES IN NEW-YORK. 127 it, the Sabbath school room was erected in 1826. This is considerably narrower than the church, and consequently not seen much from the front, but is a long building, con- taining three Sunday school rooms, a vestry room, and other rooms for various societies and committees connect- ed with the church. Hudson Square, better known at this day as St. John's Park, is a fine large square in front of the church, extend- ing from Varick to Kudson-street, east and west, and from Beach to Laight-street, north and south. It is not like most of the ether squares in the city, a public promenade ; but the gates are kept locked, it being considered private property. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, CORNER OF BROOME AND ELIZABETH STREETS. Erected in 184L The former church edifice had been in Gold-street, near Fulton, but in 1841 this building was erected, and the con- gregation removed here. The building was designed by Mr. Lefevre, of this city, and does him much credit as an architect. The following particulars are copied, in part, from a description given of the building in the appendix to the Report of the American and Foreign Bible Society, for the year 1842: The walls are of a blueish stone, princi- pally from Blackwell's Island, and from the old meeting house in Gold-street, '^he window lintels, cornices and battlements are of brown sandstone. The dimensions of the house are 90 feet by 75 — the side walls 42 feet high, and the apex of the battlements 71 feet. The heads of the windows in the side walls, six in each side, are square-head designs, executed with tasteful tracery-work. The front of the house presents two octangular towers at the two extremities, and a slight projection in the middle portion, with buttr(3sses raised to the top of the building. In the projecting portion of the front are three doors of moderate size, and immediately over them is a grand, pointed v/in- 128 PICTURE OF NEW^YORK. dow, 22 feet wide, and 41 feet high. There are two other pointed, and two square-headed windows placed in the re- ceding portions of the front. The interior of the church is well finished, but not gaudy. It has a gallery on three sides, and a second gallery in front, for the Sabbath school children. The floor of the basement is but about three or four steps down, which brings the basement rooms, for lecture room. Sabbath school room, &c., nearly above the ground, which of course elevates the whole building. The front of the building, except the main entrance to the church, is divided into rooms for the accommodation of the Baptist Home Missionary Society, and the American and Foreign Bible Society. These rooms are very conveniently arranged. The entrance to each is through the octagons on the corners. Rev. Dr. Cone is the present minister. ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL— (Roman Catholic,) CORNER OF PRINCE AND MOTT STREETS. Erected in 1815. This building is very spacious. When first erected it measured 120 feet by 80 ; since which, 36 feet more have been added to the length, making it now 1.^.6 feet long, standing on Prince-street, and covering in its length the whole space from Mott-street to Mulberry-streety fronting on Mott-street. The side walls and rear are built of rather rough gray stone. The front is of nicely-smoothed red free. stone. The height of the walls is perhaps 45 feet ; no buttresses on the sides, but two tall pinnacles are raised from the two corners of the building in the rear. The front presents a surface nearly smooth, with three doors, but no windows. From the top of the roof, at each of the two front corners, rises a square tower of stone, to the height of about 15 feet ; and directly on the apex, between the towers, there is a small, and rather awkward looking wooden steeple, terminating in a cross. In the front of the building, over the side doors, are two niches, fitted to receive some images, and there are three such in the rear of ST. Patrick's cathedral, t'orner of Prince and Mott Streets. CHURCHES IN NEW-YORK. 129 the building, but at present they are empty. The rear of the church is rather more ornamented than the front. There are eight large windows in each side. The interior of the church presents quite an imposing appearance. There arc no galleries, except an organ loft on the eastern end. The roof is supported by 12 large pillars, standing each alone, and running from the floor to the high ceiling, and on each pillar, far above the pews, four large globular lamps are suspended. The windows are of plain common glass, with painted blinds inside. There are few orna- ments except around the altar. The floor contains about 200 pews, and the whole house will probably accommo- date 2,000 persons. FIRST CHURCH— (Presbyterian,) Erected in 1845. This church stands on the west side of the Fifth avenue* between Eleventh and Twelfth streets, and presents a ma- jestic appearance. It is of reddish hewn stone. The ex- treme length of the building is 1 1'^ feet, and the breadth 80 feet. The height of the walls is 40 feet, and it is 64 feet from the ground to the peak of the roof The height of the tower is 130 feet to the top of the cornice, and thence is an octagon spire of stone, 30 feet to the pinnacle. Large but, tresses between the windows, seven on each side, are built, surmounted by a pinnacle of eight feet in height. The top of the corner pinnacles are 75 feet from the ground. A battlement of stone passes around the roof. Such is the outside. The inside of the building presents a grave and dignified appearance, very becoming a house of worship. The pulpit and pews are built of solid black- walnut. The ceiling is rather p'ain, and there are no large columns in front of the gallery. The height from the floor to the ceiling is flfiy feet. There are 124 pews on the lower floor, and the house will accommodate from 1,200 to 1,500 persons. The estimated cost is S"5,000. The lecture room and the Sabbath school room, are both in a separate building, 50 feet by 30, and two stories high, built 130 PICTURE OF NEW-YORK. of Stone like the church, on the same lot, but fronting on Eleventh-street. Rev. Dr. Phillips is the minister of this congregation. This church formerly worshipped in Wall- street, on the spot where the first Presbyterian church in New-York was built, in the year 1719. GRACE CHURCH— (Episcopal,) BROADWAY, ABOVE TENTH-STREET. Erected in 1845. This is one of the most splendid buildings in the city. The material of which it is constructed is of white marble, hewn, but not hammered. It is built in the form of a cross. As viewed from Broadway, we are first presented with a lofty tower of about 24 feet square, and of about 110 feet elevation from the ground to the cornice ; and from thence an octagon spire of wood, running up nearly as much higher, and terminating in a cross. Attached to the tower is a building with its end to the street, of the same wid,^h as the tower, and extending inward about 54 feet, where it joins the centre of the large structure, 87 feet long and 54 wide, standing side to the street. Large, de^p buttresses are built up between the windows and on the corners of the building all around, with lofty pinnacles on their tops, highly finished and ornamented. There are three doors in front, two of moderate size and one very large. Over this main entrance is a large, circular w^in- dow, of stained glass, and two tall, oblong windows in each side of the upper section of the tower. Such is a "bird's eye view" of the outside. Now let us enter the building: and here we are, standing at once amid pillars and carved work, and have all the colours of the rainbow brought to our vision through more than forty windows of stained glass, each one giving some different hues. On a line with the sides of the gallery are 16 massive columns, eight on a side. The windows are all gothic, three very large — one back of the pulpit, and one in each end of the main building, on the right and left of the pul- CHURCHES IX ^'EW-YORK. 131 pit. On each side of the pulpit are two circular windows ; and 36 others, large and small, are scattered ahove and be- low ia the two sides. The estimated cost of the building is $145,000. The interior of the church is not yet quite finished. The congregation who are to occupy it, once worshipped at the corner of Rector-street and Broadway, near Trinity Church. Rev. Dr. Taylor is the present minister. DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, ox LAFAYETTE PLACE. Erected in 1839. Lafayette Place is a short but rather elegant street, parallel to Broadway, on the eastern side of it. Toward the southern end of it it is crossed by Fourth-street, and I on the corner of Fourth-street, and fronting Lafayette j Place, stands one of the collegiate Dutch churches. It is a very substantial building, of very nice hammered granite. ! I It is 110 feet long, and 75 feet \vide. It was erected in I 1839, at a cost of about $160,000. A pediment of about 20 feet deep is displayed in front, supported by eight massive granite columns, in a range I with the outside, and four shorter ones nearer the main , body of the building. A round tower rises from the pedi- > I ment to the height of about 25 or 30 feet. Thus far all is i I stone, and in a high state of finish. From the tower a \ \ tali octagon steeple ot wood ascends, surmounted by I ' a ball and vane, making the total height from the ground to the top of the spire 215 feet. The sides of the building are plain, having five windows without ornaments, and i square at the top. An area is opened all around the build- I ing, making a light and dry basement, finished into good : I rooms for the accommodation of the Sabbath schools and I I lecture room. The inside of the church is very handsome- I l| ly finished, in a style of what may expressively be termed I !' ylain elegance. The pulpit is of solid marble. ! The Collegiate Reformed Dutch Church is the oldest I 132 PICTURE OF NEW- YORK. religious establishment in the city. At the present they occupy three houses of worship, viz. — The "North Church," at the corner of Fulton and William streets, the Ninth-street Church, and the church on Lafayette Place. The church is considered as one, though assembling for worship in three places, and is governed by one Consisto- ry. At the present time they have four pastors, viz. — Rev. Drs. Knox, Brownlee, De Witt and Vermilye. DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, WASHINGTON SQUARE. Erected in 1840. The great fire in New. York, which took place Dec. 16, 1835, destroyed, among other buildings, the '* South Dutch Church," which stood on " Garden-street," now Exchange Place. After this the congregation divided, a part of them building a church on Murray-street, while those who had removed far *'up town," commenced worship in the chapel of the New-York University, proposing to build in that vicinity. A lot was purchased on the corner of Washington Place and Wooster-street, fronting Washing- ton Square, and here has been erected a most superb edi- fice. The building is of dark coloured granite, rather roughly hewn, and measuring 80 feet from the rear to the tower, and 62 feet wide. On each of the two front cor- ners there is a tower 24 feet square, and running up some 20 feet above the extreme point of the roof. A front view of the building presents you v/itli a large middle door and two smaller ones, one being in each tower. The gothic architecture in which the edifice was designed to be built appears more prominently inside than outside. Inside are eight large pillars supporting the roof, and attached to the front of the gallery, which is handsomely ornamented with carved work. The organ is very elegant; and th« organ loft is raised some eight feet above the back of the gal- lery, appearing somewhat like a second gallery. The height of the ceiling from the floor is 63 feet, and for so ^■TCH REFORMED CHURCH, Washington Square. ENTRANCE TO THE FIRST UNITARIAN Broadway. CHURCH, CHURCHES IN NEW, YORK. high a ceiling the pulpit appears rather low. There are 30 large gothic windows below, of ground glass, and 10 smaller ones in the roof. These all admit a very clear yet soft light ; and the walls being painted a light drab colour, and the wood work being painted light oak, give the whole interior of the house a cheerful appearance. Taken as a whole, the edifice is in good taste. The cost is said to be $80,000, and the ground on which it stands §44,000. It was dedicated Oct. 1, 1840. Dr. Hutton is the present minister. FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH, BROADWAY, BETWEEN SPRING- AND PRINCE STREETS. Erected in 1845. The First Unitarian Church in the city of New-York, was built in Chambers-street. In 1844, that building was sold, and a new and splendid one erected on Broadway. The lot occupied by the church runs through from Broad- way to Crosby-street, and the n'ain building is placed on the rear of the lot, which removes it from the noise of the great street to a place of comparative quiet. It is built of brick, and is 130 feet long and 75 feet wide. It cost §82,000. It is a very lofty building, being about 70 feet from the floor to the apex ; but standing back from the main street, and having large buildings all around it, it is scarcely seen from Broadway. The entrance is all that would be noticed in pa'^sing it. The front of the entrance is 27 feet wide, of elegantly carved reddish free stone, with one large gothic door, with pillars on each side, run- ning up some forty feet. Entering the front door there is a long passage-way of the san e width as the front, and about 200 feet long, which brings us to the main body of the church. Over this covered passage-way is a suite of rooms, intended to be leased as offices. The interior of the church is finished in more complete gothic style, proba- bly, than any other building in the city. The material used for the pews is pine, with black walnut capping ; and the 12 134 PICTURE OF HEVV-YORK. j pulpit, organ case, and all the other fine carved work is j pine, painted a beautiful dark oak colour. There are 140 i pews on the lower floor, and about 60 in the gallery, j There are six windows on each side, of ground glass, ad- j mitting a soft and pleasant light. The walls are painted j drab colour. The side galleries are rather narrow, so , that the large pillars supporting the roof stand off about * five feet from the front of the gallery, which has a very \ fine effect. The gas lights are attached to these pillars, j Taken as a whole, the house is beautiful, and well worthy ] of attention. Rev. Mr. Bellows is the present minister. | CHURCH OF THE MESSIAH— (Unitarian,) Erected in 1838. The " Church of the Messiah," is the second Unitarian Church in the city of New-York. It was commenced in the year 1828, and was under the pastoral care of the Rev. Mr. Lunt. A house of worship was built in Prince-street, near Broadway, on the west side. This building was con- sumed by fire in the year 1837, and in the following year a new edifice was built on Broadway, nearly opposite Wash- ington Square. Rev. Orville Dewey, D. D., i? the present minister. This building is a very substantial one. It is built of rough granite, measuring on the ground 100 feet by 74, and was built at a cost of $97,000. It is a plain looking building, with a square front. The tower is not high, not more perhaps than 20 feet above the walls, and has no pointed spire. The roof is rather flat. The front presents three doors, with a square window over the side doors, and a large round window over the main entrance, and circular windows in three sides of the tower above the roof. The finish of the interior is rich, being mostly of the Corinthian order. The walls and ceiling are elaborate in finish, but richly painted, and said to represent very nearly the interior of Westminster Abbey. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, UDiversity Place. PICTURE OF NEW.yORK. 135 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, UNIVERSITY PLACE. Erected in 1845. This building is of a reddish gray sione, well smoothed, having but few ornaments, and for so costly a building pre- senting a rather plain appearance. It stands at the corner of Tenih-street and University Place. The extreme length of the edifice is 116 feet, and the width 65 feet, having a lecture room, 25 feet wide, taken off at the rear, which room Is lengthened by a projection on the south side of the house of about 10 feet, giving the lecture room a space of 75 feet by 25. This leaves the interior of the church at about 91 feet by 65. A side view of the building from Tenth-street, presents us with six large gothic windows and three small windows over the lecture room, all of stained glass. Between the windows are buttresses, built to the height of the walls, and terminating in small pin- nacles. As we look at the front from University Place, we perceive three gothic doors, th. main entrance being in the tower, and one on each side in the body of the church. A large gothic window is placed over the main entrance, and smaller ones over the side doors. The tower, which is about 24 feet square, is wholly in front of the main building, and not partly on the roof, as is rather more com- mon, and is built up square to the belfry, which is the first section a-bove the apex of the roof; above which it gradu- ally tapers to the summit, being entirely of stone, and terminates without a vane, at the height of 184 feet from the ground. The building stands low, being raised but three steps from the sidewalk, so that it does not look as lofty as many others which are really not higher than this. The interior of the church is divided into 124 pews on the lower floor, and 64 in the gallery ; and the space over the lecture room, in the rear of the pulpit, is open for the accommodation of the Sabbath school. It is said that 1,200 persons can be accommodated in the house. The pulpit and pews are built of solid black walnut, exhibiting 138 PICTURE OF NEW-YORK. much richness, but it renders the house rather more dark and gloomy than would be desirable. The total cost of the building was ^56,000. The present minister is the Rev. Dr. Potta. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, CARMINE-STREET. Erected in 1832. This edifice is of brick, but plastered to resemble white stone. It is a heavy looking buildin;^; especially in front. It stands on a hi^h basement of stone, so that the main floor of the church is eight or nine feet above the side- walk, which gives the building quite a lofty appearance. There are five large windows, with square tops, in each side of the house, with thick, flat columns between ihem, but no windows in front. The front of the house presents two large fluted pillars, one each side of the main entrance, supporting the pediment, and outside of these pillars four large square pillars, two on each corner, in front of a turret 15 feet square, built to the roof. In each of these turrets are doors facing each other toward the centre of the house, the main entrance being in a deep recess under the pediment, and fronting the street. The trimmings of the pediment are of wood, and on the top of it there is built a wooden square turret with heavy mouldings, about 30 feet high. The dimensions of the building are 84 feet by 62. The interior is finished in a plain style, having 136 pews on the lower floor. It was first opened for worship May 27, 1832. Rev. Mr. Plolt is the present minister. ST. THOMAS' CHURCH— (Episcopal,) CORNER BROADWAY AND HOUSTON-STREET, Erected in 1826. This is a stately edifice, measuring 113 feet by 62, standing on the corner of Houston-street, fronting on j Broadway. It is built of very rough small stones, and was t_ - ST, THO IAS'S CHURCH, Corner of Houston Street aiid Broadway. Puge 13^. CHURCHES IX >'EW-YORK. 137 more than two years building, being commenced in 1823, and finished in the early part of 1826. When erected it was considered as the most pure gothic structure of any in the city, but probably now some others exceed it. '* Its distinguishing features are two large angular projecting towers at the northeast and southeast corners, which rise in undiminished proportions to a height of 80 feet, and end in pointed turrets of a dwarf size ; also the immense gothic window in front between the towers, and occupying a large portion of the surface ; beneath this, and in each tower, are the entrance doors." In the front of these towers there are niches to receive figures, but none are placed there. The interior of the church is very handsomely finished, and painted oak colour. The windows are plain glass without, but inside have elegantly painted transparent shades, in frames. The house will accommodate a large congregation, having large galleries on three sides, and 238 pews, above and below. Rev. Dr. Whitehouse is the present minister. FLOATING CHAPEL— (Episcopal.) JBuilt in 1844. It has always been considered that sailors needed some- thing a little pecuhar, and hence the idea of building a house of worship for them, not only distinct from other people, but, if practica'Jle, to have it a floating temple, moored in some dock, so that *' Jack in his roundabout'^ should feel perfectly at home. This desideratum was ac- complished in this city in 1844, when the " Floating Chapel" for seamen was built, ar d the Episcopal " Church of the Saviour" organized therein. The chapel is built on a deck 76 feet long, and 36 feet wide, covering two boats of 80 tons each, and 10 feet apart. The length of the chapel is 70 feet, and its breadth 30 feet. It is not a very high building. It has four plain oblong windows on each side, with buttresses betw*een, terminating in pinnacles above the walls. In the front is one large door, with a 12* 138 PICTURE OF N^IW-YORK. circular window over it, and a plain spire, rising above the peak of the roof. The interior presents one middle aisle, with a row of seats on each side. It is a plain room, ornamented a little around the pulpit and altar. It was built by the Young Men's Missionary Society of the Episcopal Church, and was opened for religious worship February 15th, 1844. The present minister is the Rev. Mr. Parker. The chapel is now moored in the East river, at the foot of Pike-street. There is another Floating Chapel in the city, under the direction of the Methodists, and the present ministry of Rev. 0. G. Hedstrom, which was put into operation in June, 1845. It is an old ship of 300 tons, which is well fitted up, and moored at the foot of Rector-street, on the North river. It will accommodate about 500 persons. The pastor of the church is a native of Sweden, and preaches in Swedish every Sabbath morning, and in EngUsh on Sabbath after- noons and evenings. There are three other meetings for seamen held in this city, viz : the " Seamen's Bethel,''^ Methodist, Cherry-street, the *' Seamen's Bethel,''^ Baptist, Catharine-Street, and the old " Mariner^s Chvrchj^^ Roose- velt-stieet. THE " SWAMP CHURCH," FRANKFORT-STREET, CORNER OF WILLIAM-STREET. ■Erected in 1767. This is one of the oldest church edifices in the city. St. George's Church, in Beekman-street, was built in 1752, nine years before it, but in 1814 was burnt, all but the walls, and built up in modern style. St. Paul's Chapel, near the Park, was built in 1766, but the interior is in modern style. The Brick Church was built the same year, but that too has been remodelled, while the old " Swamp Church," retains its ancient appearance, inside and out. The land east of it was originally a marsh or swamp, and hence its name. It is built of stone, and is a very strong building. It is not large, measuring about 60 feet by 34. CHURCH OF THE HOLY COMMUNION, Twentieth Street. CHURCHES IN XEW-YORK. 139 This building was erected by the German Lutherans, and was the only place of worship in the city which was not abused and torn in pieces by the British army in the time of the revolution ; for it was here that the Hessian troops, who were generally Lutherans, attended worship ; and it is not unlikely that this circumstance saved it. After the peace, the Rev. Dr. Kunze officiated here for more than twenty years. In the year 1830, it was sold to the coloured Presbyterian congregation, who now occupy it. The Rev. Mr. Wright is the present minister. CHURCH OF THE HOLY COMMUNION, CORNER OF SIXTH AVENUE AND TWENTIETH-STREET. Erected in 1845. This is altogether one of the most singular buildings in the city. The material of which it is built is well dressed red granite. It is built in the form of a cross, having a projection in the rear of about 30 feet wide and 18 deep, containing the pulpit, reading desk, &,c. The total length of the building, from the front door to the extreme rear of the projection, is 104 feet, and the breadth 66 feet. As you stand in the pulpit, on the right hand is a deep recess in the wing, vrhich is the organ lofr. This is the only gal- lery in the house. In the wing on the left hand is a large door opening directly into the street, with a large circular window over it. This -^3 shown in the annexed cut, on the right hand of the tower. Another principal entrance is shown on the cut at the left of the tower, and like the other door, opens directly into the street. The walls are not very high, but the roof is high and very sharp, and being arched within, it gives 52 feet as the extreme height of the ceiling. The turret is on the south corner of the building, and is about 15 feet square within the but. tresses, and 70 feet high. There are few windows in the house, and no ornaments either within or without. The whole floor is occupied with plain oak seats, which are all free. The cost of the building was about §35,000. CHURCHES IN NEW-YORK. o CO K o Pi o o H o H P Q H O ^^-oc^M^c . a_ ^^^^ o<_3 = ^ •3;^c??oo^j:: ..^2 ^ ^. ^ h « ^ t->. O !>. to O !D '-O ?0 O rj« U5 >-'3 if5 CO ^^X2 X 00 CO O) cr* CC' CD hrist's Church, Church of the Saviour, Kpiphany (Mission,) St. Simon's (iermau (Miss.) (J race (Umrd , (JIalvary Church, Annunciation, Nativity, lledemption, St. Andrews', St. iiartholomew's, St. Clement's, St. Luke's, St. Mark's, St. Mary'.s, 1 St. Michael's, St. I'eter's, St. Stephen's, St. Thomas', Ziou's, 2 CHURCHES IN NEW-YORK. > (D O . O • <1- !^ • ? cToi o ciTo^o) O O >0 T T O O D ^ ^ x> ^ x> bjo bc bn fen J ^ *i *j *j *:.£.= . 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This town, the whole of which is now included within the corporation of the city of Erookiyn, lies upon the ex- treme western part of Long Island, opposite the southern portion of the city of New-York, and separated therefrom by the East river, which is here about three quarters of a mile in width. Its length from northeast to southwest is six, and its greatest breadth four miles. The population - in 1810 was 4,402; in 1820, 7,175; in 1830, 15.396; in 1840, 3G,233; of whom 1,673 were employed in com- merce; 4,666 in manufactures and trades; 978 in navi- ! gating the ocean; 302 ditto rivers and canals; 307 in the learned professions and engineers. It is the second place in population in the State, and the seventh in the United States. The pure air and delightful prospects of Brook- lyn render it a favourite place of residence to persons doing business in New-York, and it is nearer to the business cen- tres of the laUer than residences in the upper part of the , city; and these things have contributed to give it a very | rapid growth. The increase of population from 1830 to | 1840 was 20,837. Its present population is about 60,000. i " The name conferre,' upon this town by the Dutch v.'-as ' Breucklen, (or broken land ;) and in the act for dividing the province into counties and towns, passed November 1, 1685, it is called Breucklyn ; nor does the present appella- I tion appear to have been generally adopted until after the ! revolution. Many changes have doubtless taken place ' upon the shore, and it is believed that Governor's Island was formerly connected with Red Hook Point. It is well known, that a short period previous to the war of inde- pendence, cattle were driven across what is called Butter- milk Channel, now sufficiently deep to afford passage to vessels of the largest class. The first rZuropean settler in this town is supposed to have been George Jansen de Rapelje, at the Waalboght, or Waaloons Bay, during the 13* 150 CITY OF BROOKLYN. 1 Directorship of Peter Minuit, under the charter of the West India Company. In a family record in the possession of Jeremiah Johnson, Esq., it is stated that the first child of Rapelje was Sarah, born in 16*25, unquestionably the first white child born upon Long Island. Watson says she was born on the 9th of June, and honoured as the first-born child of the Dutch settlers ; also that, in consideration of such distinction, and of her widowhood, she was afterward presented with a tract of land at the Wallabout. In the journal of the Dutch Council in 1656, it is related that "the widow Hans Hansen, the first-born Christian daughter in New-Netherlands, burdened with seven children, petitions for a grant of a piece of meadow, in ad- dition to the twenty morgen granted to her at the Waale- Boght." A few of the other associates of De Rapelje wereLeEscuyer, Duryee, La Sillier, Cershow, Conscillaer, Musserol; these, with some changes in the mode of spell- ing, are still found among us. It appears by the Dutch records, that in 1634, a part of the land at Red Hook was the property of Wouter Van Twiller, being one of the oldest titles in the town. The earliest deed for land was from Governor Kieftto Abraham Rycken, in 1638. The city is regularly laid out, and the streets, with the exception of Fulton-street, the oldest in the city, are gene- rally straight, crossing each other at right angles, and arc from 50 to 60 feet wide, and a number of them have great- er width. A large number of the streets, including all within the thickly settled parts, are paved and lighted. Ma- ny of the streets are bordered with trees, giving the place a peculiarly rural aspect. Fulton-street, originally narrow in its lower portion, has been amply widened, and is border- ed with ranges of lofty brick stores, and presents a com- manding entrance to the city. No city in the country, of its extent, is better built than Brooklyn, and many of its houses are distinguished for a chaste elegance, and some of them are splendid. Brooklyn, as laid out by the commis- sioners appointed by the State Legislature, is sufliciently large to become another London ; and if the spirit of specu- lation could have been quiet, it is questionable whether it would not have been better to have left many of its origi- FORTIFICATIONS. nal farms for the present undisturbed. Many of the streets are not opened and regulated, though this has been done to quite as great an extent as the present necessities of the city- require. The thickly settled parts have no public squares or open grounds; and, though some have been laid out within the city bounds, they are not in such locations as to add, at present, to its beauty or its comfort. Many of its principal avenues, however, have a commanding width, and its whole appearance is open and airy; and its great extent, and the many fine situations presented in its outer parts, will probably long prevent it from being uncomfortably crowded in the portions now most thickly settled. A city-hall was projected a number of years since, on a magnificent plan, to be built of white marble, A substan- tial and durable foundation was laid, and the basement sto- ry erected, at a great expense. But the location was unhappy, and the plan altogether beyond the present wants of the city. A new plan has been drawn, but nothing is yet de- termined on. Brooklyn was incorporated as a village in 1816, and as a city, with greatly extended limits, in 1834. It is divided into nine wards, and is governed by a mayor and a board of eighteen aldermen, two from each ward, all elected by the people. Brooklyn was first settled in 1636, but it did not choose regular magistrates until 1746, though some kind of authority was previou'''y established. The first house for public worship, which was a Dutch church, was erected in 1666. Six years previous to this, the Rev. Henricus Sel- wyn had been installed in Brooklyn, with a salary of 600 guilders, or S*240, one half of which was paid by the in- habitants, and the other half by Fatherland, or Holland. FORTIFICATIONS. There are some remains of fortifications which were thrown up by both armies during the revolutionary war, which may still be traced on the hills in the back parts of Brooklyn. The principal of these is Fort Greene. This was originally a large fort. Many of the embankments were repaired during the war of 1812, and the whole may 152 CITY OF BROOKLYN. Still be distinctly traced. It is one of the most interesting spots in the vicinity of New-York. OLD JERSEY PRISON SHIP, For a description of this, the reader is referred to pages 13 — 15 of this volume. The place where this ship, and the other hospital ships were moored, was near the present Navy Yard. REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERs' TOMB. Those who died on board the prison ships were gene- j rally buried in the sand on the Long Island shore. In the i year 1803 the bones of those who had died, and which i were washed out from the bank where they had been slightly j biaried, and were bleacb.ing in the sun, were collected and ! deposited in thirteen coffins, inscribed with the names of the i thirteen original states, and placed in a vault beneath a suitable building, erected for the purpose, in Jackson-street, opposite to Front-street, near tiie Navy Yard. On the point (if the roof of the building, which is a small, square edifice, is an American eagle. On a row of posts and rails in front of the tomb, are inscribed the names of the thirteen original states, and the tomb is surrounded by a fence. Over the entrance of the enclosure in which the building is situated is the following inscription: '* Portal to the tomb of 11,500 patriot prisoners, who died in dungeons and prison ships, in and about the city of New-York during the revolution." An imposing ceremony took place when the bones were deposited; and 15,000 persons were sup- posed to have been present on the occasion. These re- mains deserve a removal to the Greenwood Cemetery, in a conspicuous place, and a national monument commemora- ting the important battle of Flatbush, the interesting locali- ties of which are in view from its more elevated portions. Connected with the ancient history of Brooklyn, and the scenes of the revolution, already sketched, it will not be inappropriate to give some account of THE BATTLE OF LONG ISLAND. After the commencement of hostilities in 1776, New- York being situated near the centre of the colonial sea- BATTLE OF LONG ISLAND. 153 board, and consequently readily accessible from the sea, was selected by the British as the principal point for their future operations. With this view, the first division of their army arrived at Staten Island in the latter part of June that year, followed, about the middle of July, by the grand armament under Lord Howe, consisting of six ships of the line, thirty frigates, with smaller armed vessels, and a great number of transports, victuallers, and ships with ordnance stores. The Americans, anticipating the invasion of Long Island, had fortified Brooklyn before the arrival of the British at Staten Island. A line of intrenchment was formed from a ditch near the late toll-house of the bridge at the Navy Yard to Fort Greene, and from thence to Freek's mill-pond. A strong work was erected on the lands of Jo- hannis Debevoicc and Van Brunt; a redoubt was thrown upon Boemus' Hill, opposite Brown's Mill, west of Fort Greene. Ponkiesberg, now Fort Swift, was fortified, and a fort built on Brooklyn Heights. Such were the defences of Brooklyn in 1776, while cheraux de frise were sunk in the main channel of the river below New-York. It was not until the middle of August, that a first landing on Long Island was made by them, which v/as eflfected at New- Utrecht, or Bath. Here they were joined by many royalists, who, it was supposed, acted the part of guides and in- i formers to the enemy. General Sir Henry Clinton also I arrived about the same t'-me, and Commodore Hoiham soon after appeared with his escort; so that in a short time, the hostile army amounted to about twenty-four thousand men, consisting of English, Hessians and Waldeckers. Several regiments of Hessian infantry were expected to arrive shortly, when the army would be swelled to the number of thirty-five thousand, of the best troops of Europe, all abundantly supplied with arms and ammunition, and manifesting extreme ardor for the service of their king. [ Their plan of operations was, first to get possession of New- York, which was deemed of the most paramount im- portance. The American troops being divided, and their J» generals surprised and pressed on all sides, it was not i 1 doubted but the British arms would soon obtain a complete 1 j triumph. 154 CITY OF BROOKLYN. To resist this impending storm, Congress had ordered the construction of rafts, gan-boats, galleys and floating batteries, for the defence of the port of New-York, and the mouth of the Hudson. They had also decreed, that thir- teen thousand of the provincial miiitia should join the army of General \V ashington, who, being seasonably apprized of the danger of New-York, had made a movement into that quarter ; they also directed the organization of a corps of ten thousand men, to serve as a reserve in the central provinces. All the weakest posts had been carefully in- trenched, and furnished v/ith artillery. A strong detach- ment occupied Long Island, to prevent the English from landing there, if possible, or to repulse them, should they effect a debarkation. But the army of Congress was very far from being able to bear the brunt of so terrible a war. It wanted arms, and was wasted by diseases. The reite- rated calls of the commmander-in-chief for reinforcements, had brought into his camp the militia of the neighbouring provinces, and some regular regiments from Maryland, Pennsylvania and New England, which had swelled his army to twenty-seven thousand men in number ; but one fourth of these troops were invalids, and scarcely another fourtli of them were furnished with arms. The American army, such as it was, occupied the po- sitions that were best adapted to cover the menaced points. The corps which had been stationed on Long Island v/as commanded by General Sullivan. The main body of the army was encamped on the island of New-York, which it appeared was likely to receive the first attack of the English. Two feeble detachments guarded Governor's Island and the point of Paulus' Hook. The militia of the province, commanded by the American General Clinton, were posted upon the banks of the sound, where they occupied East and West Chester, and New-Rochelle ; for it was to be feared that the enemy, landing in force upon the north shor>3 of the sound, might penetrate as far as King's bridge, and thus en- tirely lock up all the American troops on the island of New- York. Lord Howe, the commander-in-chief of the British forces, made some overtures of peace, upon terms of sub- BATTLE OF LO^TG ISLAND. 155 mission to the royal clemency, which resulting in nothing, decided him in making an attack on Long Island ; and on the •22d of August, the British troops landed, without oppo- sition, near Gravesend. A large part of the American army was at this time stationed on Brooklyn heights, under General Putnam. The right wing was corered by a marsh, near Gov/anus cove, and having Governor's Island in the rear, he could in this way communicate with the army in New- York, under Washington. The English having eflfected their landing, marched ra- pidly forward. The two armies were separated by a chain of hills, covered with woods, called the heights, which run- ning from west to east, divide the island, as it were, into two parts. They are only practicable upon three points; one of which is near the Narrows, the second, the road lead- ing to the centre through the village of Flatbush, and the third is approached far to the right, by the village of Flat- lands. Upon the summit of the hills there is a road which continues along the whole length of the range, and leads from Bedford to Jamaica, which is intersected by the two roads last described : these ways are interrupted by preci- pices, and exceedingly difficult and narrow defiles. The American general, wishing to arrest tiie enemy in his progress, had carefully furnished the heights with troops, so that, if all had done their duty, the English would not have been able to force the passes without the greatest diffi- culty and danger. Tbe posts were so frequent upon the road from Bedford to Jamaica, that it was easy to transmit the most prompt intelligence of what passed upon these three routes, from one point to another. Col. Miles, with his battalion, was appointed to guard the road to Flatlands, and scour it continually with hiS scouts, as well as the road to Jamaica, in order to reconnoitre the movements of the enemy. Meanwhile the British army pressed forward, its left wing being to the north, and its right to the south ; the village of Flatbush being in the centre. The Hessians, commanded by General de Heister, formed the main body; the English, under Major General Grant, the left ; and other corps, conducted by General Clinton and the two Lords, 156 CITY OF BROOKLYN. Percy and Cornwallis, composed the right. In this wing the British generals placed their principal hope of success, and directed it upon Flatlands. Their plan was, that while the corps of General Grant and the Hessians of General Heister should distress and annoy the enemy upon the two first defiles, the left wing, taking a circuitous route, should march through Flatlands, and endeavour to seize the point of intersection of this road with that of Jamaica; and then, rapidly descending into the plain which extends at the foot of the heights upon the other side, should fall upon the Americans in flank and rear. The English hoped, as this point was the farthest from the centre of the army, the advanced guards would be found more feeble there, and per- haps more negligent ; finally, they calculated that the Ameri- cans would not be able to defend it against so superior a force. The right wing of the English was the most nume- rous, and entirely composed of the best and most select troops. On the evening of the 26th of August, the British army took up their march in admirable silence and order, and, passing Col. Miles, who had relaxed in his duty , arrived two hours before day break within half a mile of the road lead- ingto Jamaicaupon theheights. Here General Clinton halt- ed and prepared for the attack. General Sullivan had no advices of their movements, having neglected to send out scouts. General Clinton, learning that the road to Jamaica was not guarded, hastened to avail himself of the circumstance, and occupied it by a rapid movement. Without loss of time, he immediately bore on his left towards Bedford, and seized an important defile, which the American generals had left unguarded. From that moment the success of the day was decided in favour of the English. Lord Percy came up with his corps, and the entire column descended by the village of Bedford, from the heights, into the plain which lay between the hills and the camp of the Americans. Du- ring this time General Grant, in order to amuse the enemy, and direct his attention from the events which had taken ' place upon the route of Flatlands, endeavoured to disquiet ' him upon his right; accordingly, as if he intended to force L ^ BATTLE OF LONG-ISLAND. 157 the defile which led to it, he put himself in motion about midnight, and attacked the miiitia of New-York and Penn- sylTania, who guarded it. At first tiiey gave ground ; but General Parsons being arrived, and havnig occupied an emi- nence, he renewed the combat, and maintained his position till Brigadier General Lord Sterling came to his assistance with about fifteen hundred men. 'i'lis action now became general and extremely animated upon both sides, fortune favouring neither one or the other. The Hessians had at- tacked the centre at break of day; and the Americans, com- manded by General Sullivan in person, fought valiantly. At the same time the English ships, after making several movements, opened a brisk cannonade against a battery established at Red Hook Point, upon the right flank of the Americans, v/ho combatted agamst General Grant. This, also, v/as a diversion, the object of which was to prevent them from attending to what passed in the centre and on the left. The Americans, hov/ever, dt^fended themselves with great bravery, ignorant, as they were, that so much valour was exerted in vain, as the vinory was already in the hands of the enemy. General Clinton having descended into the plain, fell upon the left flank of the centre, which was engaged with the Hessians. Pie had also previous- ly detached a small corps in order to intercept the Ameri- cans. As soon as the appearance of the English light infantry apprized the Americans of their danger, they sounded the retreat, and retired in good order towards tljeir camp, bringing off their artillery. But they fell in with a party of royal troops which had occupied the ground in their rear, who charged them with fury : and they were compelled to throw themselves into the neighbouring woods, where they again met with the Hessians, who repulsed theni back upon the English; thus the Americans were driven several times against one or the other Vvith great loss. They continued for some tim.e in this desperate situation, till at length se- veral regiments, animated by an heroic valour, forced their way through the midst of the enemy, and gained the camp of General Putnam ; others escaped through the woods. The inequality of the ground, the great number of posi- 14 158 CITY OF BROOKLYN, tions which it offered, and the disorder that prevailed throughout the line, were the cause for many hours of seve- ral partial combats taking place, in which numbers of the Americans fell. Their left wing and centre being discomfited, the Eng- lish, desirous of having a complete victory, made a rapid movement against the rear of the right wing, which being ignorant of the misfortune that had befallen the other corps, was engaged with Gen. Grant. Finally, having received the intelligence, they retired from so unequal a contest. But, again encountering the English, who had cut off their retreat, part of them took shelter in the woods, others endeavoured to make their way through the marshes of Gowanus's cove, but many were drowned in the waters or perished in the mud ; a very small number only escaped the hot pursuit of the victors, and reached the camp in safety. The total loss of the Americans in this battle was esti- mated at more than three thousand men, in killed, wounded and prisoners. Among the latter was General Sullivan and Brigadier General Lord Stirling. Almost the entire regi- ment of Maryland, consisting of young men of the best families in that province, was cut to pieces. Six pieces of cannon fell into the hands of the victors. The loss of the English was very inconsiderable; it did not amount to four hundred men, in killed, wounded and prisoners. The enemy encamped in front of the American lines; and on the succeeding night broke ground within six hun- dred yards of a redoubt on the left, and having thrown up a breastwork on the Wallabout heights, upon the Debe- voice farm, commenced firing on Fort Putnam, and recon- noitred the American forces. The Americans were here prepared to receive them ; and orders were issued to the men to reserve their fire till they could see the eyes of the enemy. A few of the British officers reconnoitred the position; and one, on coming too near, was sliot by William Van Cotts, of Bush wick. The same afternoon, Captain Rutgers, brother of the late Col. Rutgers, also fell. Several other British troops were killed, and the column which had incautiously advanced, fell back beyond the range of the American fire. BATTLE OF LONG ISLAND. 159 In this critical state of the American army on Long Island, having a numerous and victorious enemy in front, with a formidable train of artillery, the fleet indicating an intention of forcing a passage up the East river, the troops lying without shelter from heavy rains, fatigued and dis- pirited, General Washington determined to withdraw the army from the island; and this difficult movement was effected, not only with great skill and judgment, but with complete success. The retreat was to have commenced at eight o'clock in the evening of the 29th, but a strong north- east wind and a rapid tide caused a delay of several hours; a southwest wind, however, springing up at eleven o'clock, greatly facilitated the passage of the army from the island to New- York city ; and a thick fog hanging over Long Island towards morning, covered its movements from the enemy, who were so near, that the sound of their pick- axes and shovels were distinctly heard by the Americans. General Washington, as far as it was possible, inspected every thing himself, from the commencement of the action on the miorning of the ^Tth, till all the troops had crossed the river in safety; he never closed his eyes, and was almost constantly on horseback. After the American army had evacuated Long Island, and the British troops and their allies, the tories and refugees, had taken possession of it, many distressing occurrences and heart-rending scenes of persecution took place. Those whigs who had been at all active in -hehalf of the cause of independence, were exiled from their homes, and their dwellings subjected to indiscriminate plunder. Such as could be taken, were incarcerated in the churches of New-Utrecht and Flat- lands; while royalists, wearing a red badge in their hats, were encouraged and protected. It is believed that had Lord Howe availed himself of the advantage he possessed, by passing his ships up the river between Nev/-York and Brooklyn, he would have cut off their retreat, and the whole of the American army must have been captured. Washin2;ton saw this, and wisely abandoned the island. The unfortunate issue of the battle was altogether owing to the misconduct of Col. Miles and the unfortunate igno- rance of Gen. Putnam, who had just taken the command. 160 CITY OF BROOKLYN. Gen. Greene being sick, Putnam could give no order about the lines and positions, for he had not hfid time to under- stand them. NAVY YARD. This naval depot is situated on the south side of the Wallabout Bay, in the northeastern part of the city, and is well worthy the notice of strangers visiting Brooklyn. The government possess about forty acres of land, inclu- ding the site of the old mill-pond. There is a spacious yard, public store houses, machine shops, and two immense ediiices. built of wood, in whjch ships of war of the largest class are protected from the weather while they are build- ing. On the opposite side of the bay the " Naval Hos- pUal,^^ which is a splendid and magnificent building, has been lately erected, and the site on which it is built is very beautiful and picturesque. " United States Nacal Lyceum^^^ is also in the Navy Yard. This institution v/as organized by the officers of the Navy and Marine Corps, in order to promote the dif- fusion of useful knowledge, and to foster a spirit of har- mony, and a community of interest in the service. It contains a splendid collection of curiosities and sci- entific specimens. Its minerological and geological cabi- nets are not surpassed by any in New-York. A fine col- lection of Egyptian antiquities may be found here. The walls of the room are adorned by collections of fine paint- ings. Trophies of war, rare and curioivs weapons of war, and an extensive library, are among the-objects of interest here collected. The whole forms a very interesting place of resort. Ships of war of all classes are always stationed at this yard, either undergoing repairs, being built, or laying up in ordinary. Several vessels of a large class are now, and have been for many years, on ihs stocks. Immense stores of lumber, cannon, ammunition, and other naval stores, are here in preparation for any emergency. LON(S ISLAND RAIL-ROAD. The length of the road, from Brooklyn to Greenport, is 96 miles. LONG ISLAND RAILROAD TUNNEL. lit jBRCOKLy::^ lyceum. 161 The rail used in the construction is what is known as the heavy H rail, and weighs 56 pounds per lineal yard. Tiie whole cost of construction of the rail-road, including the tunnel, was SI, 746^000. The tunnel under Atlantic-street is 2,750 feet long, and cost S96,000. The termination of the Long Island Rail -Road is at the South Ferry, in Brooklyn, through Atlantic-street. The land being somewhat elevated, it became necessary either to cut down the street, or construct a tunnel. This last was done. The depth at the highest part of the street is about 30 feet. A line of cars start from this place to Boston daily, and accommodation trains for the intermediate places on the island, at several times in the day. Distance Fare Names of Places. from from Brooklyn. Brooklyn. Bedford, 2^ M. 12^ East New- York, 5 " 12^ Union Course, 7| " 18| Jamaica, 11 25 Brushville,. 14 " 37^ Hempstead Branch, 18 " 43| Carl Place, 20 43f Hicksville, 26 " 56^- Farmingdale, 31 " 68| Deerpark, 37 Slh Suffolk Station, 44 1 12^ Medford Station, 55 1 50 St. George's Manor, 67 175 Riverhead, 74 2 00 Mattetuck, 84 " 2 00 Southold, 91 2 m Greenport, 95 2 25 BROOKLYN LYCEUM. One of the principal public buildings in the city is the " Lyceum,^^ which is a fine specimen of architecture, built of granite, and every way adapted to the purpose of its pro- jection. It is situated in Washington-street, near Concord. 14* 162 CITY OF BROOKLYN. The institution was organized in October, 1833. The " City Libranf^ has been lately established here, which contains a great number of valuable literary works, and is highly deserving of the general patronage and support of the citizens. THE SAYINGS BANK Is also located in the Lyceum building ; an excellent insti- tution, managed by careful men, and in a prosperous con- dition. GREENWOOD CEMETERY. This rural depository for the dead attracts much attention at the present time, and therefore claims somewhat of an extended notice. These grounds comprise about 185 acres, and are more extensive than the grounds of any similar institution in this country. They are situated in Brooklyn, at Gowa- nus, on a high ridge of hills, commanding beautiful and extensive views of the bay and cities of New-York and Brooklyn, the Narrows, Jersey shore, and the Atlantic Ocean ; and are distant from the South Ferry, at Brooklyn, two and a half miles. Persons wislnng to visit the Cemetery can take the stages which leave the Fulton Ferry, in Brooklyn, every hour during the day, and return by the same as often. — Fare 12^ cts. The charter authorizes the land belonging to the corpora- tion to be used exclusively for the burial of the dead; ex- empts the lands for ever from asscssnient and public taxes, and requires that the proceeds of all sales shall be applied to the improvement of the Cemetery. It also authorizes every proprietor of 300 square feet or more of land, to vote at any election of Trustees. Persons buying lots acquire the fee simple of the ground which they purchase. They control the goverrunent of the institution, and, by legis- lative acts, can never be forcibly deprived of the ground. The price of an ordinary burial jot is one hundred dollars. Four lots in a group may be bought for eighty dollars each. The beautiful grounds of Greenwood have already be- come the scene of much resort. They will be visited by in- shields' monument. Greenwood. GREENWOOD CEMETERY. 163 creasing numbers, as they become more known, and espe- cially as the circle widens which connects by ties of mourn- ful interest its silent occupants with the living multitudes in the adjacent cities. To such they should present all that becomes a Christian Cemetery, situated in a wealthy neigh- bourhood, and commenced in an age of refinement and of art. In the variety and beauty of these grounds — so open and sunny in some parts — so shaded and secluded in others — so near to a vast city, yet so retired and still — nature has left us nothing to desire. Art has but just commenced its great work of improvement here. The work has been well begun. Several of the monuments and tombs are strictly original, and if not perfect, are pioneers to a better taste. From the happy and fertile inventions which produce these, as well as from other kindred sources, it is hoped we shall obtain many more of equal if not superior merit. The gate of the Cemetery is constructed of timber, in the rustic style, and presents a very picturesque appearance. There is also a chapel, constructed in ■ he same style, with a bell, which tolls during the time of funerals. The circumference of one lot is 82 feet, or 12 by 25 square. A receiving tomb is provided at the Cemetery, in which interments may be made by proprietors of lots, or those intending to become such. This tomb is situated in Willow Avenue. A receiving tomb is also provided in Brooklyn, for the convenience of thos"" who may wish the funeral procession to terminate there. A receiving tomb is also provided in New-York, in the Carmine-street Cemetery, where temporary interments may be made, subject to the charge of three dollars for the use of the tomb, and one dollar each time for th3 opening of the same. The key of this tomb is in charge of Mr. John Mace, No. 75 Carmine-street. Graves. — Single graves may be procured in grounds ap- propriated for that purpose and enclosed by a hedge, at ten dollars each. Children's graves, under twelve years of age, at five dollars each. Rules cnricerning Visiters. — Visiters will obtain the best general view of the Cemetery, and reach the entrance again 164 CITY OF BROOKLYN. without difficulty, by keeping the main Avenue, called The Tour, as indicated by the guide boards. A little fa- miliarity, however, with the grounds, will enable them to take the other avenues, many of Vv'hich pass through grounds of peculiar interest and beauty. Each proprietor of a lot will be entitled to a ticket of ad- mission into the Cemetery with a vehicle, under the follow- ing regulations, the violation of which, or a loan of the ticket, involves a forfeiture of the privilege. No vehicle will be admitted unless accompanied by a pro- prietor, or a member of his or her household, or unless presenting a special ticket of admission. On Sundays and Holidays the gates will be closed. Proprietors of lots, however, will be admitted on foot. No person or party having refreshments will be permitted to come within the grounds, nor will any smoking be al- lowed. Children will not be admitted without their parents or guardians. Persons having dogs mustleavethem fastened at tlie gate. No iior^emay be left by the driver in the grounds, unfas- tened. All persons are prohibited from picking any flowers, eiUier wild or cultivated^ or breaking any tree, :ihrub or plant. Any person disturbing the quiet and good order of the place by noise or other improper conduct, will be compelled instantly to leave the grounds. The gates will be opened at sunrise, and closed (for entrance) at sunset. No money may be paid to the Porter. The Keeper the grounds, appointed by the Mayor of Brooklyn a special Marshal, Vv^ith a view to the preserva- tion of the grounds, is authorized and directed to remove all who violate these ordinances or commit trespasses. Trespassers are also liable to criminal prosecutions and a fine of Fifty Dollars. ATLANTIC DOCK. The company who are prosecuting this extensive work was incorporated in May, 1840, with a capital cf UNION FERRY COMPANY. I 165 j SI, 000,000. The shares are one hundred dollars each. It is situated on the water front of the Sixth Ward of Brooklyn, below the South Ferry, within " Red Hook Point,'' tlieoutside pier extending 3,000 feet on " Buttermilk Channel." The basin within the piers will contain about forty-two acres, with a sufficient depth of water to ac- commodate the largest ships. On the piers there are to be built large warehouses, many of which are already erected. Some improvement of this kind was needed, by the crowded state of the docks around New-York city, and the difficulty of finding suitable berths to unload vessels with heavy cargoes. When this improvement is com- pleted, it will throw into the market more than five hundred valuable building lots, valuable, especially for stores and large wareliouses, all of which are now below high water mark, but which must be filled in when the piers are built. A new ferry is projected from the north corner of the basin to the Battery in New- York. The whole work is im- mense, and is well worthy the attention of a stranger. BROOKLYN UNION FT.RRY COMPANY. The distance across the South Ferry, from Atlantic- street to Whitehall, New. York, is 1,472 yards. The distance across the Fulton Ferry, from Fulton- street, Brooklyn, to Fulton-street, New-York, is 731 yards. The Union Ferry Company own eight boats, six of which are kept run n^V-'g. The average cost of each boat is about ,iB30,000. Three boats are run on each ferry throughout the year. The hours of running at the South Ferry are from 4 A. M. to 11 P. M. At the Fulton Ferry a boat is kept running all the time, with the exception of one hour at night, viz., from S to 3 o'clock. The price of passage at both ferries is two cents for foot passengers; small children half price. The ferriage for a carnage and two horses is 25 cents, do. do. and one horse is 18| " 166 CITY OF BROOKLYN. 1 The price of commutation for males over 21 is $10 per annum. For males under 21 is from $4 to $6. The price of commutation for females, $5. Commuters have the privilege of crossing both ferries. The whole number of persons employed at both ferries is about 100. The improvements at the ferry landings recently made have cost §50,000 ; the buildings at all the four points be- ing substantial and convenient. The commutation at the two ferries for the year 1845 was $.30,000. By articles of agreement, the dividend to stock- holders is limxited to seven per cent, per annum ; the sur- plus profit to be applied to the improvements of the fer- ries and the extinguishment of the stock. PRIVATE SCHOOLS. Of these there are many, both for males and females, and many of them of a high order. Without instituting any invidious comparisons, the stranger will feel richly com- pensated by visiting two of them, the oldest it is believed of the whole, viz. : Mr- Putnam's school for boys, and Mr. Greenleaf 's school for girls. Mr. Putnam has been teach- ing in Brooklyn for fifteen years, with an average of 40 pupils a year. Some of the boys have been with him for several years, and he has thus had the instruction of about 600 boys. The most thorough foundation is here laid for a complete English education. The school is in Henry- street, corner of Love-lane. Mr. Greenleaf 's. school has been in operation ten years, with an average of 10 pupils a year, comprising in the whole length of time250 individuals. Here is taught every branch of solid study comprised in a thorough female edu- cation. At least ^20,000 is here invested in library, text- books, apparatus, &c. &c. This school is located in Pierrepont-street, corner of Clinton-street. BROOKLYN FEMALE ACADEMY. j Such is the name of an institution projected, but not yet | in operation. A very spacious building is in progress of j erection on Joralemon-street, near Clinton. PUBLIC SCHCOLS. 167 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The public schools are under the control and management of a Board of Education^ composed of three representa- tives from each of the ten school districts, together with the county Superintendent and iVIayor of the city, who are ex officio mem bers. The representatives are appointed by the Common Coun- cil, (who are the commissioners of common schools.) and hold their ofiice for thr^e years, and are divided into three classes, one class being appointed annually on the first Monday in February. The Board of Education appoint from among their own body a President, Vice-President and Secretary, (the city Treasurer being ex officio Treasurer.) The present officers are Theo. Earnes, President ; Stephen Haynes, Vice-Presi- dent; and Alfred G. Stevens, Secretary. The number of children comprised within the ten dis- tricts, which includes the whole city, between the ages of five and sixteen, and upon which is based the apportion- ment of school money, is about twelve thousand while, and four hundred coloured. The number which attends the schools is about tv:o thousa?id and Jive hundred ichite^ and one hundred and fifty coloured. The number of teachers and monitors engaged in the va- rious schools is about sixty, and the amount of compensa- tion annually paid for teaching amounts to about fourteen thousand dollars. The course of instruction embraces all the various branches of English eaucation. Vocal music also forms a prominent feature of instruction, a competent teacher being engaged expressly for that purpose. In each district there is a valuable library, free not only to the scholars but also to every inhabitant, male and fe- male, in the district. The number of volumes in some ex- ceeds 2,500. The school houses in the inner or compact part of the city are handsome brick buildings, three stories in height, costing about six thousand dollars each, exclusive of the ground. The others, in the outer sections, are substantial frame buildings. 168 CITY OF BROOKLYN. ORPHAN ASYLUM. This institution has been in operation for about tweWe years. Sonne eight ov ten years ago a spacious brick cdi- -fice was erected near Myrtle Avenue. A large number of children are here provided for. It is patronized by all de- nominations. CITY BUILDLVGS. The " City Buildings" are situated at the corner of Henry and Cranberry streets ; there is nothing in the architecture of the exterior of them ^vorihy of notice; they are used as courts and offices of the corporation for the transaction of the public business of the city. The " King's Comdy Courts''^ are held in the large build- ing called the " Exclw.n^e^'^ situated at the corner of Cran- berry and Fulton streets ; it is a plain brick building, with- out any extraordinary architectural Leauly. The " King^s County Jail or Prison,'^ is situated in Raymond-street, at the foot of Fort Greene ; it is a dark, heavy-looking, castellated gothic edifice, in front built of red sandstone, with gothic windows at each sidp, and a large yard at the back ; the site where it is located is not a very favourable one for the display of its architectural front; had it been erected on the summit of Fc t Greene, it would have had a more commanding appearance, and have been a much more healthy location for the prisoners. CHURCHIi:^ I!V BROOKIiTIV. There are nearly forty church buildings in Brooklyn, and some of them elegant structures. Our limits allow us to describe only c. few of them. CHURCH OF THE SAVIOUR, (first unitarian CONOR FGATIONAL.) Pierreponl-street^ corner of Monroe Place. This church is built in the perpendicular gothic style, of red sandstone: the walls, which are rubble^ from the quar- UNITARIAN CHURCH, Brooklyn. CHURCHES IN EROOKLTX. 169 ries at Nyack, N. J., and the ornamental portions, which are finely hammered, from tliose of Connecticut. The en- tire length of the building, exclusive of the front towers, which project eight feet, is eighty feet; and its width, ex- clusive of the buttresses on the corners, which project four feet, is sixty-five feet. The front central towers are about sixteen feet at the base, and rise one hundred and eighteen feet, being terminated by pinnacles fully enriched. The corner towers rise sixty-five feet, terminated like the others. The walls are crowned by a battlement of hammered stone. The doors are deeply recessed ; the central one opening fourteen feet high and ten feet wide, being recessed four feet six inches. Above this door are shields of ham- mered stone on the wall, bearing the name of the church and the date of its erection. Over these is the front win- dow, twelve feet wide and twenty-eight feet high; and windows of less size, but of like character and proportions, are above the side doors. Over the central window is a large stone cross in basso reliei' j on the wall. The approach to the church is by stone steps, through gothic gateways attached to a substantial paling of wrought iron. The outer doors, of elaborate tracery, open into the vestibule, ten feet in width, extending across the entire church, with stairs to the basement, and galleries at either end. The nave is seventy-five feet long, opened through of equal width, thirty-five feet, to the great window in front ; and on either side the Additional width of thirteen feet for the galleries. The roof of the nave is elegantly vaulted and groined, the extreme height being fifty-seven feet ; that of the galleries is of the same style, the height being thirty feet from the floor of the church. The entire cost of the building, land, furniture, organ and external items, may be stated at about thirty-six thou- sand dollars. The church was consecrated on the 24th of April, 1844, and the present pastor, the Rev. Frederick A. Farley, was installed on the following day. 15 170 CITY OF BROOKLYN. CHRIST'S CHURCH, CTJNTON-STREET. Erected in 1842. This is a gothic building of a reddish stone, about 100 feet long and 60 feet wide. The height of the walls is about 36 feet, and the extreme height of the tower about 100 feet. The tower in front is about 24 feet square, having heavy buttresses on each corner, built to the top of the roof, and then becoming octagons to the top, ending in four large pinnacles. The main entrance is in the tower, and smaller doors on each side in the body of the church. There is a large gothic window over the main entrance. In the tower is a bell and clock. The body of the house is lighted by 15 windows, seven on each side and one in the rear, with buttresses between them, running to the eaves, a^id there terminating without pinnacles. In the rear of the building is a lecture room of one story, with a flat roof, showing above it the large pulpit window of ground glass, — all the other windows being stained glass. On the apex of the roof in the rear there is a short stone cross. The cost of the edifice was about S28,000. Rev. John S. Stone, D. D., is the present minister. FIRST REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH, JORALEMON-STREET. Erected in 1834. This church is built of brick, stuccoed to represent clear white marble. The extreme length of the building is 111 feet, and its width 66 feet, and was erected at a cost of about S26,000. It is a noble looking structure, and pre- sents probably one of the best specimens of a Grecian temple which can be found in this region. Viewing the building in front we are presented with a deep pediment, supported by eight Ionic massive fluted pillars, standing CHUIICHF=S IN BROOKLYN. 171 on a platform raised about four feet from the ground, and two similar pillars within these, and nearer to the body of the house. A lighter pediment projects in the rear of the building, supported also by one rov/ of pillars. The house is lighted on the sides only with eight long windows, four on a side, with square heads. The building is unor- namented, exhibiting a plain grandeur, well becoming the purpose for which it was erected. The interior is also plain. Instead of a close pulpit there is a table or reading desk, on a raised platform, with a sofa seat. In the rear of this is a fine perspective, representing a recess, with a profusion of pillars. It is well executed, and the illusion very perfect. Rev. M. W. Dwight, D. D,, is the present j pastor of the church. SECCriD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, FULTON-STREST, COIiNER OP CLINTON. Erected in 1834. This is one of the largest and most commodious church edifices in Brooklyn. It is built of brick and stuccoed, and after the Grecian model, with six heavy Doric pillars sup- porting the pediment, standing on a platform raised six steps from the sidew.alk. The front presents three large uniform doors. In e?.ch side of the building there are six tall windows v/ith square tops, having ilat pilasters between them. On the roof, back of the pediment, there is built a wooden turret about forty feet high, divided into three sections ; the first being square, the second an octa- gon, and the third round; the upper section having several windows. This turret is not in very good keeping with the building, as an imitation of a Grecian temple, though the effect is not bad on the whole. The steeple contains a fine toned bell, altogether the best in the city. The interior of the house is plain. It contains about one hundred and forty pews on the lower floor, and has a deep gallery on three sides. The cost of the building was about ^24,000. Rev. Ichabod S. Spencer, D. D., is the present minister. 172 CITY OF BROOKLYN. CHURCH OF THE PILGRIMS, HENRY-STREET, CORNER OF REMSEN-STREET. Erected in 1845. The Church of the Pilgrims is a congregational body, formed after the pattern of the churches in New-England. The church edifice is a very singular one, and altogether different from any other in this region. It is a very large building, being in extreme length 135 feet, and its breadth 80 feet. The height of the walls is 38 feet. It is built of granite, hewn, but not hammered. The front of the edifice, on Henry-street, presents us with two towers, one at each corner; that on the north corner being small, not over twelve feet square, and being built to about the height of the roof of the church, and there terminating in a small pointed wooden roof. The tower on the west corner is 20 feet square, and built up of stone 100 feet from the ground, and thence there ascends a gradually tapering spire 70 feet farther, where it terminates in a large gilded ball. There is one large door in front, between the towers, having over it a large window; and a profusion of small, narrow windows are scattered about in tH towers. In the centre of the main tower, about six feet from the ground, a piece of the ''forefather's rock," from Plymouth, Mass., is inserted in the wall, and projecting clearly in view. In each side of the house there are three large arched windows, that being the style in which all the windows are made. The lecture room is cut off from the rear of the building, and is a very large and commodious room. The rear of the building presents four short windows below, and one large one above, and a small circular win- dow in the gable, near the apex. The cost of the building is about ^50,000. There is as yet no stated pastor. CHURCHES IN BROORLYX. o o O W o fa o H ^^^^^^^ 1 CHURCHES IX BROOKLYN. -3 c: c o o la' =2 ? S O O O 00 80 O O i-'i' O o tr; O Tti — si; O CM CM (N CO — o c-rua L^Trr" — ; >-'■. t , . s ui ^ :i :y3 o fcf: _, 88^ to o o CO -O ^ jit. 2^ ^ 3 ? ^ •£ .-i " Chi - i§ S s ^ '5 f r ^ ^ 1^ Ci! C C p. S ^ < < S 2 CHURCHES IIS' BROOKLYN. NOTICE. The Publishers of this little volume have in preparation a History of the Churches of New. York, accompanied by- engravings, which will render the work highly interesting to citizens and strangers, and particularly to members of the churches. The volume will contain about two hundred pages, uni- form in size and appearance with the " Picture of New- York ;" and will furnish particulars from authentic sources of every church in this city, prepared by the writer of the short notices of the churches contained in this volume. Engravings will be given from original designs of the following buildings, viz., First Presbyterian Church, Christ's Church, Second^Unitarian Church, and various others of the Presbyterian, Catholic, Episcopal and other societies. The Publishers will be glad to receive, until the 1st of March, communications in reference to the date of erection, dimensions, cost and construction of the churches through- out the city. The tabular list of the churches i". this vol- ume will be found curious and valuable by those who take much interest in the subject. The facts have been ascer- tained by diligent inquiry and personal application or ex- amination by the compiler. GYMNASIUM. No. 29 Ann-street, New-York, WILLIAM FULLER respectfully informs thegentle- men of New-York and vicinity, that his Gymnasium is now open for the reception of pupils. W. F. respectfully calls the attention of the faculty, parents and guardians, towards this estabhshment, which he assures will be conducted in the strictest manner. Sparring taught as usual. W. F. has made arrangements with Mr. Hamilton, teacher A the American and French Broad Sword, also the Small Sword and Musket exercise. Terms moderate. J