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 tbe Worsliijjftil Company 
 of Goldsmiflis. 
 
 1903 . 
 
{I(f 
 
A 
 
 LETTER 
 
 FROM A 
 
 BY-STANDER 
 
 TO A 
 
 Member of Parhament, 
 
 Price One Shilling and Sixpence, 
 
 A 
 
A 
 
 letter 
 
 FROM A 
 
 BY-STAN D E R 
 
 TO A 
 
 Member of Parliament: 
 
 Wherein is Examined 
 
 What Neceffity there is for the Main- - 
 tenance of a Large Regular L a n h- 
 Force in this Island; 
 
 What Proportions the Revenues of the Crown 
 have born to thofe of the People, at different 
 Periods from the Reftoration to His pre- 
 fent M A J E S T Y’s Acccffion ; 
 
 And whether the Weight of Power in the Regal 
 or Popular Scale now preponderates. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for J. R o b e r t s in Warwick-Lane. 
 
 M DCC XLI. 
 
 Price One Shilling and Six Pence. 
 
A 
 
 LETTER 
 
 F R 0 M A 
 
 BY-STANDER 
 
 T O A 
 
 M EMBER of Parliament, &’c. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 F I apprehend rightly the Circum- 
 ftances of the prefcnt Junfture, it is 
 no Time for Apology, nor a proper 
 Seafon to trouble you with any Imper- 
 tinencics concerning my own Modefty 
 and Diffidence in Writing; it is fufficient that 
 I am induced to it out of a Regard to my Coun¬ 
 try, to the Freedom and Welfare of it, and a 
 Defire that fome Points of the utmoft Confe- 
 quence to thefe Ihould be better underftood, and 
 more candidly received by the People of Britain. 
 
 It is a Prolpefl: that is very melancholy to e- 
 vcry one. that regards the Liberty and Happi- 
 
[ 6 ] 
 
 nels of Mankind, to obfcrvc the prodigious mi¬ 
 litary Elhblifliments in every Kingdom and 
 Province of Europe j thefe have for above a Cen- i 
 tury paff been continually increafing in all Parts i 
 around us; Princes formerly v/d with each o- 
 ther in the Variety and Gaiety of their Diverfi- 
 ons; magnificent Tilts, and Tournaments, with 
 Hunting and Hawking delighted thofe that 
 were the inoft martial, while fumptuous Feaft- 
 ings and Masks employed the milder Genius of 
 others; and the moft puiflant then chiefly gra¬ 
 tified their Ambition by ppffefling extenfive 
 Chafes and Forefts: But their Thoughts are now 
 diredted to more formidable Ends; Their Ex- 
 pences are almoft all employed in rendering 
 themfelves terrible to their Neighbours; and for¬ 
 tified Towns and Cittadels are the fovereign 
 Game they hunt after. 
 
 Applications of this hoflile Turn in fome, 
 foon made them neceflary in all •, and we now 
 fee the Face of Europe overfpread with military 
 Grandeur; and immenfe Bodies of Men, not 
 call’d together as formerly, from the Plough, to 
 make any fudden Irruption, but conftantly main¬ 
 tained and kept apart for the Purpofes of War 5 
 , their Time is employed folely. in Exercifes of 
 this Sort, and they are trained up with exquifite 
 Skill in the Art of flaughtering their Fellow- 
 Creatures. 
 
 The regular Forces of France in Time of 
 Peace amount to about 200,000 Men, which 
 if there be Occafion are readily augmented to 
 300,000, or a much greater Number, out of their 
 eftablifhed Militia. Let any one confider how 
 formi- 
 
formidable thefe are 'to. all neighboaring States; 
 the-Troops of the Ring of Sardinia 
 amount to about 50,000 Men, which he main¬ 
 tains only in the Dutchiesof Sa^t^and Piedmont’, 
 the late King oiPruffta in the midftof profound 
 Peace kept up 100,000 difciplin’d Soldiers, 
 
 which are faid to be fince confiderably augment¬ 
 ed by his Succeflbr; nor are thefe military Ex- 
 pences barely for Pomp and Ornaments; the 
 life that has lately been made of the Pruffian 
 , Troops is evident to the World; and that the 
 Soldiery of France are not merely defign’d for 
 Shew, hath been fufficiently demonftrated for 
 this laft Century, nor requires to be prov’d by 
 their prefent perfidious Attack of the Houfc of 
 Auftria. 
 
 This being the melancholy Situation of Things, 
 it is become ablblutely neceiJary for every State 
 that would preferve its prefent Exiftence, to fup- 
 port a confiderable Body of difciplin’d Troops; 
 And the more fo, fince the only imaginable 
 Relburce and Security of the Weaker, by form¬ 
 ing defenfive Alliances and Confederacies, ap¬ 
 pears in this Bay to be of no Efieft. The moft 
 folemnEngagements areimpioufiy violated; Do¬ 
 minions are ravaged by thofe that have guaran¬ 
 tied them; and the World at the lame Time 
 fneeringly appeal’d to, for the Purity of the Ra- 
 vagers Intentions, 
 
 It is indeed the Happinefs of Britain to be 
 furrounded by the Sea, which is our glorious 
 Barrier and Defence; it is this that preferves us 
 fecure from the perpetual Alarms which difturb 
 the Powers on the Continent, which if we were 
 join’d 
 
[ 8 ] 
 
 join’d to, we fhould unayoidably-b? put to |in 
 immenfe Expence in fupporting Fortificationssj 
 and frontier Towns; and could not maintain our^ 
 Rank and Security with lefi than 120,000 dif- 
 ciplin’d Men, conftandy kept up without any 
 Remiflion: But though we are free from pre- 
 fcnt Alarms of an Invafion, and are Mailers of 
 the moft potent Navy that ever appear’d upon 
 the Globe, yet it is by no means iniprafticable 
 for a Body of Troops to be landed in Britain^ 
 notwithftanding the utmoft Vigilance of our 
 Fleet; Forces may be pour’d in upon us from 
 Abroad by the feme Winds that lhall block up 
 our own Ships in their Ports; the glorious Re¬ 
 volution and the Recovery of all our Rights de¬ 
 pended chiefly upon this Contingency; And in 
 the Reign of tiiat heroic Prince our Deliverer, 
 an Invafion was twice determined to have been 
 made upon us from France^ the Tranlports were 
 prepar’d, and the Troops appointed to each 
 Expedition were ready to imbark, but they 
 were both wonderfully prevented; though the 
 Hiflories of that Time fufficiently tefbfy the 
 Terrors we were under, and the Confidence of 
 our Enemies, upon thofe Occafions. 
 
 The fmall Imbarkation at Dunkirk in the be¬ 
 ginning of the Year 1708, caus'd the moft 
 dreadful Alarm amongft us, and though the 
 French did not venture to land in Scotland, yet 
 our Fears were fo great, that our public Credit 
 was in the utmoft Danger; the Government 
 Securities prodigioufly fell; and had the Exprefe 
 from Sir George Bing of his Arrival in the Firth 
 of Edinburg, and of the Retreat of the French, 
 
t 9 ] 
 
 deferr’d a few Hours Ipnger^ tht Bank of 
 England had been abfolutely ruin’d. 
 
 And however thofe who defire a. Change, may 
 fet forth our Inland Strength, and proclaim us 
 to be invincible i yet the real Sentiments of the 
 inofl: difeerning Men are beft difeover’d by the 
 Effefts which Alarms of an Inyafion have upon 
 our Public CreditIpecious Arguments are ea- 
 fily brought on either Side, either to prove our 
 Power or Weaknefs: But die Public Credit is 
 in fome meafure the Pulfe of the Nation; and 
 however this may be flightly affected by accident 
 tal D,iforders, yet while it continues to beat high 
 and regular in general, the Nation may be deem’d 
 in a vigorous healthy State i nor is it any Ob- 
 jedtion to this to fay, that the Rife and Fall of 
 it is perpetually influenc’d by falfe Reportsj and 
 other Tricks of the Stock-jobbers; for, though 
 this be admitted, it proves no more than that 
 thefe Reports, or rather theEffedls of them, are 
 forne of thofe cafual Diforders to which the Pub^ 
 lie Securities are fubjedf: But, if any Report of 
 an Event, whether founded in Truth or not, con- 
 fiderably lowers the Price of our Public.Securi- 
 ties,’ it undeniably appears that fuch an Event is 
 confider’d by the Pubic in general as a real .De¬ 
 triment to the Nation. And when it is thus 
 confider’d, it really becomes fo, by lefiening the 
 Public Credit, and diminilhing the Property cir¬ 
 culating in the Kingdom. 
 
 And we may judge, by the fame Rule, of the 
 Opinion of the Public, with Regard to our own 
 Ability to withftand anlnvafionj her late Ma- 
 jefty Queen Anne was much indilpos’d the latter 
 B End 
 
[ le J 
 
 £hd of the Year and cortrihued fo the 
 January following, ^hen an Article Was pub* 
 Jilh’d in the Poji-By, that the Frencif were e- 
 quipping fourteen Men of Watj witH Tranfports 
 to receive twelve or fourteen Thoufand. Men, 
 Now though this Was entirely a Faftion, yet 
 the Dread of its Reality fo aftefted the Nation, 
 that in an Inftaht the Public Securities fell, and 
 a prodigious Run Was ttiade Upon thtBank^ who 
 call’d in forty pet- Cent, from the Subferibers to 
 the circulating of the £vf%«er-Bills, and de* 
 puted four of their Direftots to wait upon the 
 Treafurer in this Exigency to reprefent the Dan¬ 
 ger they were under i the News was at length 
 difeover’d to be falfe, and fo the Terror of the 
 People gradually abated: But fuch was our 
 Dread at that Time upon the Hft Surmile of an 
 Invafion. 
 
 I am fenfible that the lUnefs of the Queen 
 Was alledg’d by fome to occafion this Shock of 
 our Credit 5 and herMajefty was induc’d to fend 
 a Letter from Mndfor to the Lord Mayor of 
 London^ with an Account of her Health being 
 more eftablifh’d: but, however this Suggeftion 
 that the Public Credit depended on her Maje- 
 fty’s Life might agreeably flatter the Queen, ihe 
 was, perhaps, the only Perlbn in the Kingdom 
 that really believ’d it, provided the Protejlcnt 
 SuccelTion had been elteem’d fecure j fo that the 
 Shock of our Credit lay wholly upon the Suf- 
 picions which were held of the Miniftry, and 
 upon our real Inability to withftand an Invafion. 
 
 How much of this Evil was to be attributed to 
 the general Opinion of the Minifterial Attachment 
 
a itiiiarTinie ^q tU i? ^i^cult %: my 
 
 to dete^fliin^i le,t, thqfc x?!w' tiiqn in th^ 
 Coufidettce pf -th« fylini%» iand are now prpr 
 teftjpg thpir Fideiity, ^d; j^klAg Oaths, tp the 
 pjefent Fftabl^mpnt, pint ,qpt this Quantity, 
 aod .wiiat PPrtipn.of diis gyd w?s juftly due tp 
 fugh Apprcheplioins j and tl^e Remainder of it 
 then mpft reajiy arife frqiiythe general Senfe of 
 oRr own WiSaJcnefs; Rut, if they aver their Igr 
 ootance, and declare theirjijisbelief of fuch Mi- 
 tufteriaJ JEJefigns, or of any ill Effefts pn that 
 Account, it will then come entirely tp this, thai: 
 the Shods of our Publick Credit at that Time, 
 and the great Piminution the Proprty circu- 
 jating in .the.Ringdora, WR? folely owing to th? 
 Alarm of the pr(nch Jnvafion, and the Coidcir 
 pufnels we were .under pf our own open and dq^ 
 fencelefs Condition. 
 
 It could not but be very Ihiocking to every 
 EngliflmaVt who reflefted on the Glory of hjs 
 Country ,a few Years before, and the Terrors of 
 Frame from the BrMiJh Troops, to view the 
 Scene fo quickly changed, to obferve Briiatn 
 dreading the Attacks of the French, and tre.mb- 
 ■ling at every Motion of their Troops; and it 
 mult powerfully convince him, that the Main- 
 ;tainance of a confidcrablc regular Land-Force is 
 at all Times requifite to the Safety and Happi- 
 ngls of his Country, 
 
 It is very well known that the chief Induce¬ 
 ment to Lewis the Fourteenth to conclude the 
 Treaty of Reifwick, was in order to break the 
 Grand Alliance, to have Qpportunitysof prafti- 
 B 2 fing 
 
fing upon the Eleftor of Bavaria^ who was Go? 
 vemor of the Spamjb'Netherlands, and in Hopes 
 that the Allies, particularly Great Britain, would 
 difarm, and weaken thcmfelves, while he Ihould 
 at, the fame Time cherifli and fupport his own 
 Troop in dteir full Vigour and Number, and of 
 courfe be ready to feize the Spanijh Monarchy 
 upon the Demife of the King then regnant, be¬ 
 fore any tolerable Force could be brought a- 
 gainft him. How well he fucceededin thrfe De- 
 figns is fufficiehdy known i our Great. Deliverer 
 was far from being infenfible of them, but the 
 Expence of the War being grievous to his 
 People, he was defirous of giving us fome Re- 
 fpite i at the fame Time warning Us of the Views 
 of the French, and pointing out the Neceflity of 
 our fupporting a proper Body of regular Troops: 
 Butfo great was the Malice of the Tories, and 
 the Infatuadon of the Whiggs, that no more 
 would be fuffer’d to be maintain’d amongft us 
 than about feven Thoufand Menj though the 
 French King had no lefs' than three hundred 
 Thoufand Veteran Soldiers under ourNofes j and 
 Plots and AlMinations againft our Glorious 
 Monarch were perpetually concerted. 
 
 How gready the Spirits of the French were 
 hereby elated, is eafy to conceive; and it muft 
 move the Indignation and Concern of every true 
 Englijhman, to refleft on their triumphing in 
 theTranfaftions of our own Parliament, infult- 
 ing our Deliverer, and fubduing the Britijh 
 Troops in St. Stephenh Chapel, whom they 
 could never fairly overthrow in the Field; it 
 cannot be forgot what Ingratitude was fhewn to 
 eur Glorious Prince, with Refpeft to a few BuUb 
 Guards: 
 
Guards r his Majefty had a generous AfFeftion 
 for Men, who had bravely fought by his Side 
 from his very Youth, and had prov*d their Var 
 lour and Fidelity upon numberlefi Occafions 5 he 
 imagin’d they had fome Merit likewiie with 
 England, if the Part which they bore in the 
 Refcue of our Laws, Religion, and Liberties, 
 was to be thought fo, and their peculiar Share 
 in the important Viftory of the Boyne -, it was 
 his Majefly’s Defire therefore, that thefe gallant 
 Men might be receiv’d amongft ourownTroops; 
 but it was infolently determin’d to thruft them 
 away: his Majefty interceded for them, and 
 acquainted the Commons, That he fhould take 
 it very kindly, if they might be permitted to 
 ftay amongft us: and it is hardly to be believ’d 
 that it Ihould be denyM to our Glorious Deliver¬ 
 er, by thofe People he had fo lately refeued; it 
 was known that he had it nearly at Heart; and 
 it could not be deny’d that the Nation was in¬ 
 finitely oblig’d to thefe gallant Men: but alas! 
 thefe were Objeftions, inftead of Recommenda- 
 . tions with the 'Toty Leaders; and they gratify’d 
 their Malice in mortifying his Majefty, and 
 putting a Difgrace, to the utmoft of their Pow¬ 
 er, upon thofe who had fo bravely adted for the 
 (paufe of Liberty, in almoft every Field of Eu¬ 
 rope': Such was the Jcjy-Gratitude to William 
 the Third; but the Account is too melancholy 
 to be long infifted upon, and muft affeft every 
 generous Breaft with the moft tender Concern 
 and Uneafmefs. In fhort, thefe Troops were 
 unworthily torn from him, and left their He¬ 
 roic General with Tears, but ftepp’d from an 
 ungrateful Land with Scorn and Deteftation. 
 
I am by no Means infenfible that the Rdue^ 
 tion of die Army at that Time was concurred: 
 m by feveral w£lI-meaning;i 5 P&jjJ, and as hearr 
 tfly repented of afterwards. “ I was (fays a 
 “ noble Lord in the Tear , 1733) one of thofe 
 “ who were the Cade of the Army’s being re- 
 “ duced follow after the Peace of petr 
 
 “ haps, I repented of vdiat 1 did at that Time, 
 “ becaufe of the Turn that the Affairs of E^^^ 
 “ rape took foon after.” .Hifi. Reg. Vel. |8. p«sg« 
 ^§ 6 . His Lordfhip undoubtedly add in that 
 Bdinefs, as well as fome other Gentlemen^ in 
 Support, as they thought, of our Conftitution.; 
 and imagin’d, as fome do at prej^t, 
 
 that the Jeries were all converted, and united 
 with them ina .fmcereRegard for our Liberties; 
 but the Codequence was almoft fatal; the 
 feeing nothing at hand to oppofe them; 
 were tempted to feize the Spanijh Monarchy; 
 the Eledor of Btioaria obferving their Power, 
 and the Weaknefs of other unguarded hlations, 
 .yielded into their Hands the Spanijh Netherlands i 
 and the immenfc Expence of Blood and Treafure 
 which was afterwards fpent in attempting their 
 Recovery, was chiefly owing to the fatal dit 
 ■arming of ourfelves after the Treaty of Rseif 
 
 It cannot be imagined by any Gentleman that 
 France is lels adive or defigning at prefent, than 
 -fhe was then; or that we have lefs Caufe now to 
 be upon our guard; on the contrary our Circum- 
 ftances at prefent, even if it was a Time ofPeace, 
 require a much greater Number of reguIarTroops 
 than they did formerly .OurPoffelTions of Gibraltar 
 and 
 
[-5] 
 
 and Portmahone, Amapolis and Placentia^ with 
 other confiderable Places more than formerly we 
 enjoyed, neceflarily demand not only a Body of 
 Troops for their Garrifon, but Hkewife an addi¬ 
 tional Number at Home, ready to be difpatch- 
 ed to their Relief upon any Occafion, without 
 leaving ourfelves unguarded. 
 
 To this there is to be added a further Confide- 
 ration, of the greateft Confequence, and that is 
 the large Incrcafe of the French Shipiping, it be¬ 
 ing certain that the Number of their Merchant 
 Ships is of late prodigioufly augmented, fo that 
 Ihould they under theie Circumftances determine 
 to invade us, they will no more be at a Lois 
 for Tranfports, as they have been formerly, but 
 may aftually land any Troops they pleafe upofl 
 us, before we have the leaft Notice, 
 
 This I apprehend is a new Article of the ut- 
 moft Importance againft us, and loudly alls 
 for die ferious Attention of every true Briton. 
 
 It is our Happinefs at prefent, but may prove 
 our Mifery, without a proper Guard, that Riches 
 and Plenty abound amonglt us; and that every 
 Part of our Country is apable of fubfifting a 
 numerous Army, The open Cities and Towns 
 that are fpread throughout, are a great Temp¬ 
 tation, and can make little Refiltance to a pow¬ 
 erful Invader; and as the French are at prefent 
 able to provide Tranfports fufficient for a large 
 Body of Troops, at four or five different Ports 
 at the lame Time, for fo Ihort a Voyage as to 
 Britain or Ireland, it feenis next to impoflible 
 for us to block them all up, and prevent their 
 
[i6i 
 
 tembarlcatlonj even under our prefent Superio¬ 
 rity of naval Force; efpecially if it be coniider- 
 ed what Advantage may be taken of any Sepa¬ 
 ration of our Fleet, or Abfence of a Part of it 
 upon Convoys or other Emergencies. 
 
 it is indeed to be hoped that in England we 
 are generally united in an hearty Attachment to 
 the Proteftant Succeffion, in the prefent illuftri- 
 ous Family; however it is certain that we have 
 many who are lukewarm, and not a few who are 
 realjacobites. In Scotland the inclination of many 
 Families are known to be favourable to the Pre¬ 
 tender, and the French Interefl:; and the Multi¬ 
 tudes of Papifts in Ireland, greatly fuperior to 
 the Proteftants, leave no room to doubt of their 
 Wilhes and Principles. It is the conftant Bufi- 
 nefs and Application of thefe to follicit foreign 
 Attacks upon us, and they are ready to join any 
 Force that lhall be landed; and how great an 
 Encouragement thefe Circumftances are to an 
 Invafion upon us, I leave to every Gentleman 
 that defires our Welfare, calmly to refieft. 
 
 If a regular Force of twenty of thirty Thou- 
 fand Men, was embarked for Ireland in TranP 
 ports and Frigates from Bourdeaux, and at the; 
 fame Time an equal Body for Scotland, from Ca¬ 
 lais and Graveline ; whilft a powerful Squadron 
 of French Men of War at Brejl, and a Body 
 of Land Forces encampM at La Hogue and Die^ 
 employed the Attention of the Britl/h Fleet, and 
 kept them in the Channel; 1 fay if we were 
 thus attack’d, let every Englijhman that loves his 
 Country, think on the Confequences of fuch an 
 Invafion, and determine coolly whether a con- 
 fiderable 
 
fiderable Land Force is not always neceffary for 
 the Safety of Britain, 
 
 If infuch a Conjunflure likewife the Crown 
 of Spain fliould be againft us, and join their 
 Fleet to the French, our own Navy muft conti¬ 
 nue in the Channel, and could fcarcely venture 
 to fend any Detachments to Scotland and Ireland, 
 without being inferior to the Fleet of the Bour¬ 
 bon Family. In this Situation likewife the Buteb 
 might be aw’d by an Army upon their Frontiers, 
 or otherwifc entangled; whilll the Swedes might 
 be induced to join in the Invafion upon Scotland, 
 as the Spaniards naturally would in that upon Ire- 
 
 I am by no means verfed in Plans of this 
 Sort; but if it be eafy for any one, the moft 
 unacquainted in fuch Matters, to point out the 
 Dangers we are continually fubjedt to, without 
 a fufficient regular Land Force, it may well be 
 imagined that Perfons, who are ufed to thefeDe- 
 figns, will readily demonftrate the Facility of in¬ 
 vading us, upon much better Schemes j for it 
 is not to be imagin’d that the French want Pro- 
 jedtors; and I Iball not be accufed of inftrudl- 
 ing our Enemies, by thofe who have our Wel¬ 
 fareat Heart j on the contrary, fuch will 
 be juftly alarmed at our great Wcaknefs, and 
 honeftly concur in proper Meafures for our Se¬ 
 curity. 
 
 Itis fufficiently obvious, that the landing of 
 Troops from Spain upon the North of Ireland 
 is fubjedt tolittle Obftrudtion; and the Difficul¬ 
 ties C^een Elizabeth was involved in by fuch At- 
 C tacks 
 
[. 8 ] 
 
 tacks the greateft Part of her Reigtij are abun¬ 
 dantly recorded; they perplexed her Afialrs, and 
 exhaufted herTreafury,more than all otherCircum- 
 ftances together •, it is likewife very well known, 
 howeafily King7flw«,in 1650,was convey'd from 
 France to Ireland^ with a great Number of Scotch 
 zndtirijh ; and afterwards 5000 difeiplin’d French 
 Soldiers were landed there under Monfieur Lau- 
 fm, and 5000 Irijh returned to France in their 
 Stead-; we were then fuperior at Sea, yet the 
 French were at no great Difficulties in Applying 
 their Troops in Ireland with Ammunition, and 
 other Neceffaries as far as they judg’d proper -, 
 imd atlaftjwhen theAffairs of Kingjaww became 
 defperate there, they withdrew the fame Troops 
 again, with great Numbers of Irip, in Ipight 
 of all the Attempts of our Squadrons; and dio’ 
 their Fleer before that Time had fufiered fo much 
 at La Hogue ; fq that let no one imagine that 
 ever the Ae/rrat of our Invaders is abfolutely 
 impradiicable v but the Facility of their landing 
 upon us is quite undeniable. 
 
 How we are to oppofe them when landed, 
 without a good Body of regular Troops, is dif¬ 
 ficult to be conceiv'd: it was generally admitted 
 that the Dutch when they entered the Thames^ 
 and burnt' our Ships at Chatham^ might have 
 lent a Body of regular Troops into the City of 
 tendon, "tvag James in his intended Invafion 
 of us from Calais in the Year 1692, with-about 
 fixteen or feventeen thoufand Men, defigned up¬ 
 on his landing to have' marched immediately to 
 our Metropolis, being fenfible he could meet 
 with little Obftruftion; and it is very well 
 known in his late Majefty’s Reign, that a fmall 
 
[• 9 ] 
 
 Body of Highlanders travers’d the greateft Part 
 
 of this-Kingdom without. Oppofidon i the Be¬ 
 haviour of the Weftmmknd Militia in this Bufi- 
 ne6, who ran away at the 'firft Sight of them, 
 though encouraged by feveral e}merienced Offi¬ 
 cers, may Efficiently open our Eyes; and the 
 Cqnffifion and Terrors of undifciplined People 
 upon all thcfc Occafioiu, may fully convince us, 
 how little we can depend on any thing for our 
 Safety, but a regular Land Force. 
 
 The Power of our Navy, it is readily owned, 
 is greater than ever; and it ought to be remem¬ 
 bered with due Efteem of theprefent Govern¬ 
 ment, under whofe Care it has been fo highly 
 advanced j but we quite deprive ourfelves rf the 
 belt Effei^s of it, without a confiderable Body 
 of difciplin’d Troops; for, with relpeft to other 
 Powers, particularly France, we ate now obligM 
 to lie upon die defenfive, and Can only -hope to 
 proteCf ouffelves from being invaded, without a- 
 ny Ability to attack that Kingdom 5 I am not 
 upon projecting of Frawf; but I can¬ 
 
 not apprehend the Policy of perpetually kCepirig 
 ourfelves in a harmlefs Condition, with refpeCl: to 
 that Kingdom, The Oppreffion of theif People 
 in general, together with the gfeat Difcoilteht 
 of the States of Norma^y, Brittany, afld tJn- 
 gutdoc, under the continual Abridgment of theif 
 Rights and Privileges, bight probably ocd- 
 fion Efficient Difturbances in thofe PfOviltCel?, 
 if they were well fomented, and animated by a 
 powerful Defcent from hence; but they mult 
 lee an Ability in us, and a due Spirit tO rappOrt 
 them, before they can be expeCled to yehture to 
 Purpofe. C 2 It 
 
[ 20 ] 
 
 It is hardly to be imagin’d how tender tlie 
 French Monarchy is in thofc Parts, where there 
 is a confiderable Remnant of Proteftants ftill 
 left j And upon a Dcfcent from hence into Brit- 
 tarrj, and at the fame time from Ireland, upon 
 the Coaft of Languedoc, in favour of thofc Peo¬ 
 ple, it is much to be queftioned whether the 
 French Court would venture to truft them with 
 Arms, or to raife the^mVre Ban of thofe-Pro¬ 
 vinces; It is certain at Icaft, that they would 
 be put to much Expence, in fortifying and 
 garrifoning Places on their Sea-coafts, and in de¬ 
 fending fo vaft an additional Frontier from In- 
 fultsi And the Terror of the French Court 
 would be fo great, that the Privileges and 
 Abatement of Taxes they would grant on one 
 hand, and the Augmentation of Charges they 
 would be put to oh the other, would confide- 
 rably diminilh the Strength of that Monarchy. 
 
 It is not to be forgot, that the Infurreftion 
 of a few perfecuted Proteftants in the Cevennes 
 in the Year 1702, gave Lewis XIV, the utmoft 
 Uncafinels, and had it been properly fupported 
 by the Allies, might have had the moft glo¬ 
 rious Cdniequences; There were Intentions in¬ 
 deed of this fort in England, but they were all 
 betray’d and came to nothing j Monfieur Ca-r 
 vallier the chief Commander of that brave Peo¬ 
 ple, in his Memoirs dedicated to Lord Carteret, 
 thus expreffes himfclf upon that Occafionj Fage 
 J74, and 175. “ The Truth is, I believe 
 France had then EmiffariK in England, as it 
 ufually has, which put a flop to die Projeft 
 of Monfieur Miremont, and prevented the 
 “ Queen 
 
[ 21 ] 
 
 “ Queen and her Allies from making ufe of 
 “ fo favourable an Occafion to ruin France^ 
 
 “ which might have have been efFefted in leli 
 “ than two Years; for being Mailers of the 
 “ Sea, they might eafily have fent us Suc- 
 “ cours, at leaft fomc Arms and Money; 
 “ for had they fent us but twenty thoufand 
 “ Pounds, we ihould foon have made up a Bo- 
 “ dy of fifty thoufand Men; But as I faid be- 
 “ fore, they look’d on this War, as a fudden 
 “ Blaze, which would foon vaniih away, and 
 “ therefore negledted to fend us any Relief; 
 “ and ’tis wonderful how we could refift for 
 “ fo long a time againtt twenty thoufand Men 
 “ and.two Marfoals of France-," And again, 
 " If the Reader will ferioufly confider the Ad- 
 
 vantage the Allies had by our War, he will 
 
 “ foon be perfuaded that if the twenty thou- 
 “ fand Men who were fent diredtly againft us, 
 “ had been employ'd cither in Italy or Ger- 
 “ maty, or Spain, they would have put a flop 
 to the Progrefs of the-Allies, efpecially of 
 “ his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Savoy, or 
 in Spain, againft the Portuguefe. ” And be¬ 
 fore this. Page 15^5, he fays, “ The King was 
 fully refolved to deftroy us all at once, fearing 
 “ the ill Confequences of this War, for truly 
 “ had the Allies been acquainted with the 
 “ State in which France was at that time, and 
 “ accordingly taken their meafures, they would 
 “ probably have conquer’d all Prance in lels 
 than two Years,” This was a great Op¬ 
 portunity of weakening that infolent Monarchy; 
 but it was entirely loft; By what Means, our 
 Enemies can tell with Pleafure. 
 
 Ilhall 
 
[«] 
 
 I ftall only .obferve, that when the Relief of 
 
 thefe gallant People was generoufly propos’d in 
 Gduncil' by her Majefly (^een Anne, and Prince 
 George of Benmrk, it was ftrongly oppos’d by 
 Lord Nottingham, who r.eprefented the jij Con- 
 fequences of alfifting 'Rekk againft their natural 
 Prince-, which, as I humbly apprehend, were 
 very extraordinary Sentiments to be held by the 
 Secretary of State of .England, who was conti¬ 
 nually acquainted with the Praftices of the Court 
 of France, in endeavouring to raife up Rebellions 
 in this Kingdom and even to affaflinate pur 
 Glorious Deliverer: however, it was determin’d 
 to -endeavour to fupply them with Arms, Am¬ 
 munition, and Money; but the Seafon of the 
 Year was far advancU. iiC being the 15th of 
 September, before the Ships for this Purpofe en¬ 
 ter’d the Gulph of Narbonm : and there upon 
 taking a French Tartane, tliey were infoj-m’d by 
 the Matter of it, that Marlhal Montrevell had 
 Intelligence of their Defign, and had taken the 
 neceffary Meafures to prevent it; * fo that when 
 they made the Signals from the Ships, wliich 
 the Earl of Nottingham, who oppos’d the Re¬ 
 lief, had been careful to direft from Court un¬ 
 der, his own Hand, they were none of them an- 
 fwer’d. 
 
 Monlieur. Cavallier, in his Memoirs before 
 mention’d, appears to have been quite unac¬ 
 quainted with the Arrival of any fuch Ships, 
 and not to have had the leaft Notice of their 
 failing; but intimates, that theAffair was fo ma¬ 
 naged as to be a great Detriment to their People, 
 * Annals, fol. Page 85. 
 
 by 
 
[^ 3 ] 
 
 by the Diredions they receiv’d to be .upon the 
 Relerve till the Arrival o? Succours, “ which 
 “ prov’d (fays he, Page 173) ve^ prejudicial 
 “ to us afterwards; for it wais then wfe were 
 “ beginning to get the better over our Ene- 
 “ mies, and our Remiffnefs gave them Time to 
 “ take Meafures to Hop our Frogrefs.” 
 
 The Truth is, by fome Means, or other, we 
 have little attended to fupport any inteftine Di- 
 vifions or Commotions in France: Our perfidious 
 abandoning of the Protejiants there, upon former 
 Occafions, before they were reduc’d to this Ebb, 
 is a Reproach upon the Siuarts that can never 
 be wip’d off j and the Guilt and Blood of it lies 
 at' their Door : But Circumftances of this Sort in 
 the prefent Times require to be nicely manag’d, 
 and can no Way be improv’d to much Advan¬ 
 tage, without we have a confiderable Body of Re¬ 
 gular Troops at hand, which alone can convince 
 the People of France of our Power to give them 
 Affiftance. This is, perhaps, now the only 
 Method of breaking the Strength of the French 
 Monarchy, which is abundantly fortify’d on its 
 Inland-Frontiers-, and whilft it has the whole 
 Body of its People within undifturb’d, v/ill al¬ 
 ways be able to exert a prodigious Force at thefe 
 Extremities: but an Attack by Sea in the Heart 
 of its moft fruitful Provinces, would interrupt 
 its Commerce, and fupprefs its Revenues, and 
 raife- a Spirit in their People, which they might 
 never afterwards be able to break: but ail tliis 
 it is in vain to think of, without we fupport a 
 fufficient Land-Force. 
 
 But 
 
Admitting the utmoft that can be attri¬ 
 buted to our Fleet alone; Allowing, though it 
 
 is by no Means true, that it can elfedlually 
 
 guard our own Coafts; is it not evident that 
 our Weaknefs at Land muft diminilh its Force? 
 for we muft always referve our moft potent 
 Squadron at hand, for our own Defence againft 
 an Invafion; and the Remainder is all that we 
 can employ at any Diftance j which, probably, 
 may not exceed the French Squadron in the 
 Streights, or Weft-Indies: Jo that our Weaknefs 
 at Land aUually deprives us of a Superiority at 
 Sea. This at the fame Time is fiire to create 
 an ignorant Clamour ; and the Wifdom of a 
 Minifter in not leaving us unguarded at home, 
 fhall be branded for Cowardice-, and the Squa¬ 
 drons that are refcrv’d for our ewn^ Defence, 
 lhall be ridicul'd, and ftigmatiz'd with being 
 pacijick. 
 
 But Perfons who indulge themfelves in Re- 
 fleftions of this Sort, are litde acquainted with 
 the Circumftances of Britain. If they calmly 
 confider’d the Nature of Public Credit, how ea- 
 lily it is affeifted in all Places, how difficultly 
 reftor’d in any, and of what Confequence it is 
 to this Kingdom, they would foon apprehend 
 the Importance of guarding againft all Appre- 
 henlions of the Stability of the Government, 
 before every other Circumftance whatever. It 
 is eafy to form Expeditions for five hundred 
 Ships of War, if ,we had fo many -, and to 
 propofe plaufiUe Schemes for employing all our 
 Regular Land-Force, if it was fifty times as 
 great as it is: And I am fenfible it is thought 
 
[^ 5 ] 
 
 by fome projeBing Perfons, .that ,we ought, in, 
 the Beginning of this War, to have difpatch’d al- 
 moft all our Fleet, and our experienc’d Regi¬ 
 ments to the JVeft-lndies, This might have 
 been done indeed, if our Regular Land-Force, 
 was at all numerous, and would admit of any Dc- 
 duftion for foreign Service, confiftent with our 
 own domeftic Security. 
 
 But if we had thus ventur’d in our grefent 
 Circumftances, and left the Nation expos’d with 
 pnly eight or ten Thoufand difciplin’d Soldiers, 
 and a weak Squadron, the leaft Motion of the 
 Troops of France towards Dunkirk, Calais, or 
 the Coafts of Normandy, or Brittany, would 
 juttly have given us fevcre Uneafmefs: And 
 the Equipment of a French Squadron, or an 
 Account of their collefting Tranfports together, 
 would have immediately thrown us into the ut- 
 mofl: Terror and Confufion; have put a Run 
 upon the Bank of England, and perhaps, ruin’d 
 it; and funk the Price of our Government- 
 Securities almoft to nothing; and thus have an¬ 
 nihilated forty or fifty Millions of Property cir¬ 
 culating in the Kingdom. 
 
 All this might have been brought upon us in 
 unguarded Circumftances by France, without 
 their embarking a Regiment, or running any 
 Hazard on their Part, but merely by carrying 
 on hoftile Appearances of a formidable Defcent 
 upon us: The Effefts of miftaken Rumours of 
 this fort in theYear 1713, which arc before men¬ 
 tion’d, fufiiciently demonftrate it; and had any 
 Confirmation then come of a real Preparation 
 of Tranfports in France, and of an Appearance 
 
of'Troops ready to embark, we ibould have 
 fafier’d at that Time prodigious Mifchief j fo 
 much do we tremble at the Motions of Franci 
 upon any Senfe of our own Weaknels: And 
 whoever confidcrs the exceflive Damage we 
 
 Ihould hereby endtrre; the utter Stagnation of 
 ail Trade and Bufineii, and the Ruin of Mil¬ 
 lions amongftus; and fuch a diorough DifR- 
 dence of our Government-Securities, from this 
 Evidence of their Uncertainty, that our Pub¬ 
 lic Credit might never recover its former Glo¬ 
 ry ; Ilay, whoever conflders the Mifchief we 
 mould thereby be fubjeft to, will be fiilly con- 
 yinc*d, that our Security at home is the grand 
 point to be guarded by a wife Miniftry ; and 
 that the leaft Apprehenfms of it are not to 
 be hazarded, for any Views of difiatit Ac(\uifi- 
 
 It is fer from my Intention to deny the Be¬ 
 nefit of thefe Acquifitions, if they can be made 
 with Safety to this Kingdom; I am very fen- 
 lible of the Value and Confequence of them, 
 and how much it is our Intereft to put our- 
 fclves in a proper Capacity for making fuch 
 Conquefts: but this 1 apprehend can only be 
 done, by a right Augmentation of our Regular 
 Land-Force, fo that we may have a Surplus 
 lufficient for any Expedition, above what is re- 
 quifitc for our own Security; other Wife, if we 
 venture ourTroops from us, ova Risk at home will 
 be immenfely greater, than any jufi ProfpeSls of 
 Mvantage abroad. 
 
 It is certain indeed, that our Regular Land- 
 Force of late hath been fomewhat augmented, 
 fo 
 
[ >7l 
 
 fo that in Times of Peace theWifdom of the Lc» 
 giflature hath appointed, “ That the Numljef of 
 “ effeftive Men to be provided, for Guards and 
 “ Garrifons in Gw/^nVa/s, and for Guemfg 
 “ and Jerf^t .Ihould be, (including 1815 Inva- 
 
 “ lids, and .555 Men, which the fix independant 
 “ Companies confift of, for die Service of the 
 “ Higlmnds) feventeen Thoufand feven hundred 
 “ and four Men, Commiflion and Non-Commif,. 
 “ fion Officers, included : ” And though the 
 Wifdom and Lenity of his Majefty’s Govern¬ 
 ment have gready promoted our Trade and 
 Wealth,., apd advanced the "public Credit of the 
 Nadon j yet thofe, who have confideted thefe 
 Things, will be fenfible that I am far from aflert- 
 ing too much, when I affirm, that our public 
 Credit could never have arofe to its prefent Glo¬ 
 ry, without this Augmentation of our difciplin’d 
 Troops, whereby , die Stability of the Govern¬ 
 ment, hath been better fecured than formerly, 1 
 and the People relieved from perpetual Dread 
 and Alarms of Invafions. 
 
 ’Tis natural, I am very .fenfible, for Country 
 Gendcmen to urge the Sixpence of our dilci- 
 phn’d Troops, ahd the Danger they bring up¬ 
 on our Liberdes and Happinds; and they mean 
 well and honeftly in it j but with due Tcnder- 
 nels and Refpcft to thefe Gentlemen, I muft beg 
 Leave to fay that they do not apprehend the Cir- 
 cumftanccs of the Nation •, our public Credit is 
 now interwoven with the prefent happy, Efta- 
 bliffiment; The Support of the Government, the 
 Property of Millions, and the Continuance of 
 our Trade andManufadures depend upon ^his 
 Credit j and it is certain that any confiderable 
 Redudion of our difciplin’d Troops would im- 
 D 2 me- 
 
mediately' aflfeft itand riiat to diniinifti thefe 
 Ttdops as low as.they were after the Peace of 
 Reifwick, which fome Gentlemen are fond of, 
 would deftroy at lead tWenty or thirty Millions 
 oj Property in the Government Securities, be¬ 
 longing to our mod ufefiil Trading Subjedtsj 
 which would of courfe alfo proportionably leflen' 
 the Value of the Landed EJtates ; and thus we 
 Ihpuld annually lofe immenfely - more by &ch a 
 of thefe Troops, than we have ever 
 yet paid for their Maintainance fo that the Ar- 
 gUrtient from 'Expence is quite midaken; as is 
 that likewife from the Danger of aav Liberty 
 and Happinefs ; if they arc aSowed to depend, 
 iu they certainly mud in a great Degree, upon 
 the firm Edablidiment of our Public Credit, 
 
 ■ It cannot be denied then, that our Maintai¬ 
 nance of a confiderable Body of difeiplin’d 
 Troops, is abfolutely neceflary to keep our Pro¬ 
 perties from continually fluduating, to preferve 
 our Trade, and to give Strength and Stability to 
 the Government; at the fame Time it mud be 
 own’d with equal Candour, that the Maintainance 
 of fuch a Body naturally augments the Power 
 of the Crown ? What then is to be done ? On one 
 Side it hprov'd, that we are continually liable to 
 foreign Ravages, and to perpetual Mifehiefs from 
 the Dread of them; On the other it is fear'd, that 
 we lhall lay ourfelves open to Tyranny at home. It 
 is neceffary therefore to enquire into the prefent 
 Ballance q{ Power in this State between the Crown 
 and iht People ; And if it fhall appear, that the 
 Power of the Crown is increafmg at prefent, then 
 an Augmentation of our Regular Land-Force, 
 pr any other additional Weight to the Crown, is 
 judly to be dreaded by real Patriots; but if the 
 Power 
 
I 29 ] 
 
 power of the Crown at prcfent is fwiftly 
 creafingt we have then lefs Caufe for Apprehen-' 
 fions from this ^tarter^ and ought heartily to ‘ 
 provide for our Security from foreig^n Ravages,' 
 
 though the nece^ary Means of making this Pro-' 
 
 vifion Ihould tend to increafe the Regal Powers 
 
 This Power I am fenfible hath been reprefent- 
 ed of late in a very formidable Light, particu-. 
 larly by the Author of thtDiffertalion on Parties-, 
 And if Prejudices in general ought not to be 
 ftriftly fupprefled, elpecially in Matters of fuch 
 high Importance, I muft needs acknowledge, 
 that I Ihould be ftrongly prejudiced againft any 
 Tenets recommended by this Writer-, for is not 
 this the Man that hath efpoufed and betrayed all 
 Parties, that broke the viftorious grand Alli¬ 
 ance, and preferved the Power of France ftill 
 infolent and dreadful ? Is not this he that tramp¬ 
 led under Foot all the Blood and Treafure that 
 had been fo freely fpent for the Liberties of Eu¬ 
 rope-, that fneePd the brave and fuffering Cata¬ 
 lans ■,2LtA hath always fhewn the moft determin’d 
 Jiatred to the Freedom and Happinefs of Man¬ 
 kind ; but he is now alarming us with the Pow¬ 
 er of our own Crown; Hear his Words. 
 
 Page 235 of that Treatife, “ Much more 
 “ might be faid concerning the Increafe of 
 “ Power that the Crown hath acquir’d, and 
 “ muft continue to acquire, according to the 
 “ prcfent Conftitution, and Management of die 
 “ Revenue. Much more might be faid to Ihew 
 “ that the Power of Money, as the World is 
 “ now conftituted, is real Power-, and that all 
 “ Power without this is imaginary: that the 
 “ Prince who gets Prerogative alone gets a 
 “ Phan- 
 
[ 30 ] 
 
 “ Phantom^, but that he who gets Moneyy even 
 without Prerogative, gets fomething real, and 
 “ will be as much ftronger than his Neightours, 
 “ and his People too, as he hath a greater Com- 
 
 Thisicems atfirfl: to be a Paraphrafe upon/Xtr- 
 rington's Pofition in his Oceatia, ’That Dminim is 
 founded only inProperty ; and in the long Run this 
 will always be found true, however it may happen 
 upon fudden Occafions: Butlmuft beg Leave to 
 diflent from one Aflertion of this Gaitleman’s, 
 That the Prince who gets Prerogative alone gets a 
 Phantom ; for Prerogative in full Power will 
 command Money-, i'i was always fevercly felr, 
 before it was reftrain’d, in this Kingdom; par¬ 
 ticularly in Loans, Benevolences, and free Gifts, 
 which the People were continually forc'd to 
 grant, under the Terrors of its Power; being 
 lenfible, if they refus’d, they Ihould be other- 
 wife harrafe’d with Amercements, on in¬ 
 numerable Pretences. The Fines and Com- 
 pofitions for Scutage, and Knight-Service, were 
 an inexhauftible Fund of Wealth to the Crown. 
 William the Second order’d twenty Thouland 
 Men to be ready for his Service in Normandy-, 
 and when tney were come to the Sea-lhore, in 
 order to be tranfported, allow’d them all to re¬ 
 turn home, upon paying him Twenty Shillings 
 a Man. The Grants of Monopolies, and Ex¬ 
 actions of Ship-Money, fo late as in Charles the 
 FirlPs Time, are known to every one; and, in 
 Ihort, nothing is more evident, than that the 
 Prerogative was fo far from being a Phantom, 
 as this Gentleman terms it, that it gave the 
 Crown i Power, almoft unlimited, over the 
 lives and Properties of the Subjects. 
 
 It 
 
It is indeed for the Purpofe of this Gentle¬ 
 man, who is reprefenting the prefent Power of 
 the Crown as enormous, to conceal, as far as 
 he can, every Branch of its antierit Power ; and 
 to fet forth the Dread and Influence of the old 
 Prerogative as quite imaginaiy: How falfc 
 thefeColourings are, is fufflciently known to every 
 judicious Lover of Liberty; nor can we ever be 
 too fenfible of the Blefling, of having the Prero¬ 
 gative confin’d within narrow Limits. But pafling 
 from this, I return again to the Power of Mo¬ 
 ney •, It is continually urg’d, that the Power of 
 the Crown in this Relpeft is at prefent increas'd, 
 and increafmg beyond all due Proportion; if it 
 be lb, I mull freely acknowledge it to be a juft 
 Occafion for Jealoufy in the People. But, before 
 I examine into this, by ftating the feveral Re¬ 
 venues of the Crown at different Periods, from 
 the Reftoration to his prefent Majefty’s Accelfi- 
 on, it is proper firft to obferve, that the Crown, 
 before the Revolution, had the abfolute Com¬ 
 mand and Difpofal of the whole fianding Pub¬ 
 lic Revenue, which was then all call’d the Re¬ 
 venue of the Crown, and referv’d any Part of it 
 for its own Purpofes and Defigns; employing as 
 little as it pleas’d, for the honeji and ufeful Pur¬ 
 pofes of the Nation. 
 
 Such was the abfolute unconiroubbk Power 
 which the Crown had over the Standing Reve¬ 
 nue before the Revoktion, and upon cdling a 
 Parliament, it was eafy to obtain, bn variou.s 
 Pretences, a large additional Sum, the Difpofal 
 of which was likewife entirely in the Breaft of 
 the Crown : But indeed, Mifmanagements of the 
 
[ 32 1 
 
 Government under the t«o James's and Charles's 
 vtexe, lb grca^ that thefe Princes were generally 
 unwilling to meet a Parliament •, however, upon 
 giving any moderate Satisfaftion to it, the Court 
 almoft . always obtain’d whatever Aid they de- 
 
 iired: And, if we examine the Hiftory of 
 
 Charles the Second, we lhall fee large Sum^ 
 continually procur’d from the People, and little,, 
 or fometimes hothing, apply’d to the Purpofes 
 for which they were given: This Method he 
 follow’d fo clofely in the firft Butch War, that 
 when a Pkce was only in View, before it was 
 concluded, he negkfted to fit, out a Fleet, and 
 left the Nation entirely defencelels; which 
 brought upon, us the Reproach at Chat¬ 
 ham i the Court pocketing one Million, eight 
 hundred Thoufand Pounds, that was given for 
 the Service of this War but about fix Months 
 before, and w^ then in Colleftion by a Poll- 
 Tax, and Monthly Afleflinent; but the Nation 
 was then forced to bear it: for fuch was the 
 Pleafure of the Court in thofe Days, and' its 
 Power of Mon^. 
 
 The fame Monarch, in the Year 1677, pre¬ 
 tending to have real Intentions of declaring War 
 againft France, according to the Defires of his 
 People, began to levy Forces, and obtain’d an 
 M for ratjing Money by a Poll, and otherwife, 
 
 , to enable his Majejly to enter into Ac t u a l JFar 
 
 againft the French King } when, at the fame 
 Time he was negotiating a Treaty by his Am- 
 baflador at France, for a Penfion of three hun¬ 
 dred Thoufand Pounds per Annum from that 
 Crown. This was difeover’d to the Houfe of 
 Commons by Mr. Mountague, who was that 
 Am- 
 
[ 33 I 
 
 Ambafiador; and prov’d by Letters which the; 
 King had underwritten with his mn Hand 5 
 Whereby the Parliament found they were en¬ 
 tirely impos’d upon, and that the King had got 
 by the Bargain a large Sum of Money, and a 
 numerous Army on Foot; which, as It was by 
 no Means defign’d for a foreign War, gave 
 them juft Apprehenfions, and it was their Bu- 
 finefs at any Rate to have thefe Forces disband¬ 
 ed : And thus the Parliament, which had a few 
 Weeks before given a large Sum of Money for 
 raifing this Army, was now forc’d to provide 
 another confiderable Sum for disbmtding it; and 
 were glad to bring it to this KTue, without en¬ 
 quiring into , the Diftribution of the Money firft 
 given. All that they could infift upon was, that 
 the Sum to be levy’d for disbanding thefe For¬ 
 ces, fliould not be intmfted with the Crown, but 
 with CommilTioncrs of their own appointing; 
 nor could die Court, after fuch manifcft mifap- 
 plying of the. Public Money, well oppofc It in 
 tbu Infiance ; But fatisfy’d itfelf with pocketing 
 the greatefi Part of what had ken before given 
 for the Purpofes of the War. 
 
 This was the Power and Conduit of the Crown ,, 
 with Regard to tht Public Revenue before the 
 Revolution', after which glorious Mra it was 
 wifely concerted, for the Security of the People 
 from perpetual Imbczzlements of the Money ap¬ 
 pointed for Public Services, to allot a feparate 
 Income for the Houftiold of the King, and for 
 maintaining the Honour and Dignity of the 
 Crown, which is now ufually call’d the Civil Lift, 
 Revenue ; and to put the reft of the Public Re¬ 
 venues entirely under the Command of the Par- 
 E liament j 
 
[ 34 ] 
 
 liament; and no more to leave them to the dif- 
 cretionary Difpofal of the Court. This likcwife in¬ 
 cluded in it not only the Command of the Public 
 Revenues, but render’d at once all the Public Ser¬ 
 vices of the Government entirely fubjcdl to the 
 
 The Crown was thus inftantly ftripp’d of the 
 greateft Part of its Power ; and the Commons ac¬ 
 quir’d a new and extraordinary Weight in the 
 LegiflaturCi Every particular Service of the Go¬ 
 vernment has from that Time been firft fubmit- 
 ted to their Approbation, in order to be pro¬ 
 vided for out of the Public Revenues: As every 
 Step that concerns thefe Revenues muft nrft 
 proceed from the Commons j 'who, after they 
 have examin’d and approv’d of the current Ser¬ 
 vices for each enfuing Year, appoint the Man¬ 
 ner of raifing the Suf^lys, and appropriate them 
 
 to thofe particular Services only; the chief Bu- 
 
 finels of the Crown, in thefe Rclpefls, being to 
 fee to the Application of thefe Public Moneys 
 according to their Appropriation; And at the 
 next Meeting of Parliament, before any Supplys 
 are granted, an Account of the Application of 
 the Money given for the Services of the laft 
 Year, is commonly fubmitted to both Houfes. 
 
 This Appropriation of the Public Revenues 
 is the great Palladium of our Liberty’s; Its Im¬ 
 portance is fo high and valuable, that it ought 
 to be generally underftood and inculcated, and 
 will eafiiy excufe any Repetition I may fall in¬ 
 to, in enumerating its Advantages, 
 
 The firft and moft obvious Benefit of the 
 Appropriation of the Public Revenues, is the 
 
 dc- 
 
[ 35 ] 
 
 depriving the Crofm of the ahfolute Power of 
 difpofing of thefe Revenues at its Heafure; For, 
 though it may, perhaps, be imagin’d by fome 
 That, notwithilanding this Appropriation^ the 
 Crown can command thefe Revenues by the 
 Means of corrupt Officers; It is certain that the 
 Nature of thefe Services is fo well known at 
 prefent, and the Non-performance of them fo 
 eafily detefted. In Ihort, the Number of thofe 
 that are Checques, and muft be privy and con- 
 fenting to every Fraud, are fo great. That no 
 Minilter in his Senfes will attempt fuch a 
 Crime, nor any Prince in thefe Bays offer to 
 encourage or abett it; tlie Nature of the ori¬ 
 ginal ContraB, and of the reciprocal Obliga¬ 
 tion, are too well underftood at prefent by the 
 People of Britain, to make thefe Things pafs 
 for Jefts, as formerly *, Nor would it be poffible 
 for the Court to prevent the Difeovery of fuch 
 Wickednefs, if it was committed; or being 
 concern’d in it, to bear up againft the Detec¬ 
 tion. 
 
 The fecond great Benefit of thefe Appropri¬ 
 ations, as hath been before mention’d, is the 
 Neceffity which it occafions of having every 
 Article of the Public Service fubmitted to 
 the Bifcujfion and Approbation of the Parlia¬ 
 ment. 
 
 The third Benefit, and what can never be too 
 much valued, is the Method of this Appropri¬ 
 ation, which is made only from Year to Year, 
 with Regard to the Supplys for the current 
 Services ; fo that without the Annual Meeting 
 of the Parliament, the Navy, Army, Ordnante, 
 E 2 and 
 
[ 36 ] 
 
 and all the other necellary Wheels of the Go¬ 
 vernment, are entirely flopp’d. This is likewifc 
 abundantly flrengthen’d by the Method of grant¬ 
 ing thefe Supplies, fo far as they confifl of the 
 j&lt-fax and Land-Tax^ which is only from 
 Year to Year; fo that Annual Meeting of the 
 Parliament is become abfolutely neceffary for the 
 Support of the Government^ whereby the Mea- 
 furcs of the Court are continually examin’d, and 
 any Grievances of the People laid open with fuch 
 Freedom and Weight, as will never fuffer them 
 to be long unrcdrels’d. 
 
 This excellent Improvement of the ?ower and 
 Liberties of the People is dear to every true 
 Englijhman ; And to treat this with Coldnefs and 
 Contempt, is a Conduft that deferves the mofl 
 fevere Cenfure. It cannot but ftrongly move 
 our Indignation, to hear the former unlimited 
 Power of the Crown over the Public Revenues^ 
 reprefented as a happier State of this Nation, 
 than we enjoy at prefent; I leave it to the 
 Reader to judge of the following Words, Page 
 die i2th and 13th in a remarkable Pamphlet, 
 entitled. An Enquiry into the Conduit of our Do- 
 tnejlic Affairs from the Tear 1721, Printed- 
 for H. Haines, at Mr. Franklyn’s. “ Let us con- 
 “ fider a little the different Circumflances of 
 “ the Kingdom now, from what it was former- 
 “ ly; When our Kings had only Occafmal 
 “ Aids and Subftdys granted them for immedi- 
 “ ate Services, which foon ceas’d, the Collec- 
 “ tion was by few Officers, and at little Ex- 
 “ pence. As the Money was ufually given to 
 “ carry on Wars undertaken by the Crown, 
 “ and not in fb liberal a manner, as Supplys 
 “ have 
 
[ 37 ] 
 
 ‘‘ have been lately given, the Scantinefs of them 
 ‘‘ engaged our Princes to keep a very watch- 
 ‘‘ ful Eye over the Difpofition of the Money; 
 
 ‘‘ There being no long continued 
 ‘‘ Parliaments in thofcDays, ready to make 
 ‘‘ good all Dejiciencys demanded from them; 
 
 NOR WAS THERE ANY OCCASION FOR 
 
 “ Acts of Appropriation ; The Neceffi- 
 “ tys of the Prince were a continued Checque 
 “ in that Cafe upon the Conduft of his Mini- 
 “ fters -, and their Mifmanagements feldom e- 
 “ fcap’d his Refentment: For it was Himfelf 
 “ who felt it more than his People.” 
 
 “ But the whole Frame of our Government is 
 “ fince chang’d, with Refpeifl: to the Method 
 “ and Manner., as well as the great Sums of 
 “ Money rais’d upon the People. OarNeceJfitys 
 “ have render’d Annual Sejftons of Parliament 
 “ neceflary, for above forty Years pad, in or- 
 
 “ der to carry on two very long and expen- 
 “ fiveWars, againft a Power who threaten’d the 
 “ Libertys of Europe. ” 
 
 This is fuch an unjuft and unthankful 
 Reprefentation of the happy Improvement of 
 our Conftitution, fince the Abdication of King 
 James, as muft give the utnioll Difguft to every 
 Friend to Liberty. Is it not furprizing at this 
 Hime to hear any Gentleman commend the 
 Princes of this Kingdom before the Revolution, 
 for not fuffering Parliaments to meet; There be¬ 
 ing, fays he, no long continued Parliaments in 
 thofeDays ready to make good all Dejiciencys de¬ 
 manded from them: whereas, it was the Reproach 
 of the Reigns of the Four Stuarts before the 
 Revolution, that they could feldom endure the 
 Great 
 
[ 38 ] 
 
 Great Council of the Nation, or fuffer’d it to 
 meets Is it then juft to reprefent this Conduft 
 of theirs, as a public Benefit ? In Ihort, this 
 Paragraph, as it carrys an Applaufe of the ge¬ 
 neral Behaviour of thofe Reigns with Regard to 
 Parliaments, is highly Ihocking; and, if it be 
 
 referPd to Particulars, is notorioufly untrue: For, 
 is there any thing more glaring in our whole 
 Hiftory, than the long and continued Parliament 
 under Charles the Second; a Parliament fo cor¬ 
 rupt, and fo giving, that the Pretences for ask¬ 
 ing Supplys, were only efteem’d by the Court 
 as Formalitys ; And little regarded in the Ap- 
 plisation of the Money j Hear the Words of a 
 Gendeman, who liv’d in that Reign, and in 
 the latter End of it, thus recapitulated fome 
 Circumftances in the Houfe of Commons; “ I 
 “ remember when Eleven Hundred fhoufand 
 “ Pounds was given for building of Ships, and 
 “ not one Ship built; and above Pwo Millions 
 “ given to fupport the Triple League, and 
 “ then it was prefently employ’d for the break- 
 “ ing of it; when 'Tvoehe Hundred fhoufand 
 “ Pounds was given for an aElual War with 
 “ France, when at the fame Time we were un- 
 “ der all the Obligations for Peace, and fo 
 “ continued.” After this, let the Reader 
 determine, whether the Public Money was juftly 
 apply’d in thofe Days; Or whether, as this Au¬ 
 thor aflerts, there was then no Occafion for 
 Mis of Appropriation. 
 
 As to the Frugality and Oeconotny of Charles 
 the Second, or indeed of any of the Stuarts, 
 which he afterwards mentions; And that the 
 Mifmanagements of their Minifiers feldom efcap'd 
 their 
 
tbeir Refentment, it is as untnie, as any thing 
 in Nature; and known to be fo, by every Child 
 in Hiftory; fo that to offer to confute it fcri- 
 oufly would be really ridiculous. 
 
 It is very unaccountable, how a Gentleman - 
 of Senfe and Difcernment, as the; Author of 
 this Pamphlet undeniably is, could fuffer him- 
 felf, to utter fuch Dodrines 5 And it fufficient- 
 ly fcws, how liable we are to overlhqot our 
 Mark, when we are too much agitated with 
 Pique and Refentment: How painful a Reftraint 
 muff he have put himfelf under, and how fe- 
 verdy have check’d his own Spirit, when he 
 fpoke of the Revolution in the following, 
 and mammated ExprelEons; ^he whole 
 Frame of our Government is fme changed, with 
 Refpeff to the Method and Manner of it, as well 
 as to the great Sums rais'd upen-tk People, In 
 the latter Part of which Sentence, he leaves an 
 Impreffion, of its having prpv’d too expenfm 
 and hurthenfome. to the Nation-; which is the 
 more extraordinary, and fliews how far Paffion 
 is capable of hurrying: us, fince I am convinc’d, 
 no one can Ids regret the Charges we have 
 bore, in, oppoling the Arbitrary Defigns of 
 France, than tliis Gentleman; or more tho¬ 
 roughly abhor in his cooler Thoughts, any un¬ 
 thankful Sentiment, with Regard to tht Revolu¬ 
 tion : He adds. Our Necejfttys have render'd An¬ 
 nual Sejfms of Parliament ueceffary. To which 
 I fliall only lay, that he has perpetually urg’d 
 it himfelf, that we are in Danger, leaft the Par¬ 
 liament Ihould not be annually troubled about 
 thefe Necejfttys ; leaft fome future Rajh and Defpe- 
 rate Minijler Ihould think the Government is 
 
[ 40 ] 
 
 in no Neceftty of Jnmal Supplys for the cumnt 
 Services', but fhould attempt to provide for 
 them out of the Sinking Fund and the Sail Du¬ 
 ty. In Ihort, Jnnual Sefftons of Parliament are 
 owing, to the Weight of the People in die Le- 
 gijkture ; arid are not to be attributed to a 
 Caiife, which will not be admitted to fuhfijl, 
 when the People lofe that Weight ; though, at 
 prefent, there feems to be no Danger in this 
 Refpeft. 
 
 I enter not into the Reft of this Pamphlet, 
 which is very diftinftly anfwcr’d in another 
 Treatife *, which I recommend to the Reader 
 to perufe; but, as it appears, from this Speci¬ 
 men of the Traft I have quoted, that it is dic¬ 
 tated by too -warm and agitated a Frame of 
 Temper; fo I muft acknowledge the Spirit and 
 Vivacity of it, which this Gentleman has the 
 peculiar Happinefi of preferving,- through De¬ 
 tails of Accounts, and fuch Reprefentations, as 
 are flat and tedious in all other Writers. 
 
 I beg Lrave next to fubmit to the Reader 
 theWords of 'TheDiJfertationonPartys, Page 222, 
 “ Formerly (by which he means before the 
 “ Rn>olution) the whole Expence of the State 
 . “ was born by the Crown ; and when this Ex- 
 “ pence grew upon extraordinary Occafions too 
 “ great for the Revenue of the Crown to bear, 
 “ the People aided the Crown, if they approv’d 
 “ the Occafions of the Expence. Thefe Grants 
 “ were properly Aids, no more; for the Reve- 
 
 • Some Corfiieratms concerning the Pullk Funds, the 
 Puhlic Revenues, and Annual Supplys, ISc. Printed for 
 y. Roberts. 
 
 “ nue 
 
“ me of the Crown was engagM in the firft ‘ 
 “ Place, and therefore it might feem reafon-" 
 “ able, that the Crown fliould have the Levp 
 “ ing and Management of the Whole of thefe 
 “ Aids, as well as of the Standing Revenue: 
 
 “ but ithappen’dinthisCafe, as it does in ma- 
 ny, the Rmfon of the ceas’d, and the 
 “ Thing continued: A feparate private Reve- 
 ‘‘ nue, or a Civil Lift, as we commonly call 
 “ it, was affign’d to the Crown. From that 
 “ Time the former Order hath been revers’d; 
 
 “ our Kings, inftead of contributing moft, have 
 “ contributed Nothing to the Public Charge: 
 
 “ And the People of Britain, inftead of giv-i 
 “ ing occafionally Aids to the Crown, have 
 “ taken upon themfelves the whole Load of 
 “ ordinary and extraordinary Expences, for 
 “ which they annually provide.” 
 
 This Paragraph is loaded with Malice, and 
 falfe Infmuations; The Drift of it is to perfwade 
 his Readers, that the Crown, fmee the Revolu-^ 
 iion, is greatly eafed from Incumbrances on its' 
 Revenue, and that the People have taken the 
 whole Burthen upon themfelves; and his Argu^ 
 ment ftands thus; The Crown, before the 
 Revolution, bore all the ordinary Expences of 
 the Government; die Crown, fmee the Revo^ 
 lution, bears none of them; therefore the 
 Crown, fmee the Revolution, is unreaion.'.bly 
 eas’d, and the ixople incumber’d. Nov/ 'vould 
 not any one imagine, that the Revenue of the 
 Crown was the fame in both Call-s, and that no 
 Author, in common Honefiy, would otheiwife 
 urge this Argument to his Readers,, for, if 
 the Revenue of the Crown, fince the Revolution, 
 F be 
 
[ 4 *] 
 
 be extremely lefs than it was btfori, it is im- 
 pejjibU for the Crown to contribute to the Pub¬ 
 lic Charge, if it was its Duty, as much as it 
 could formerly; and the whole Argument falls 
 to the Ground: But nothing is more certain, 
 than that the Revenue of the Crown under 
 James the Second was upwards of Two Milli¬ 
 ons per Amum ; and under George the Firft 
 only Seven hundred Thoufand Pounds. This 
 the Dijfertator was fenfible, that many are un¬ 
 acquainted with ; And to fuch as arc ignorant 
 of it, which are nineteen in twenty of his com¬ 
 mon Readers, his Argument appears irrefiftible: 
 And they apprehend there is juft Caufe for be¬ 
 ing jealous of the Encroachments of the Crown. 
 Thus hcfucceftfiillypropagatesUneafinels ;-But, 
 is this a fair Way of dealing with Mankind ? 
 Or an honeft and virtuous Method of oppofing 
 any Adminiftration ? 
 
 This Matter may deferve to be more fully 
 explain’d, though 1 have before enter’d into it: 
 The Parliament, after the RevolutioHi being fen. 
 fible of the perpetual Mifapplication of the Re. 
 venue, whilft it was under the unlimited Power 
 of the Crown, wifely determin’d to come to a 
 fair Explanation of this Bufinels ; and to fix, 
 what Part of the Revenue and what Part 
 Jhou’d not, be in the Power of the Crown to ap- 
 ply to its own particular Expences and Purpfes j 
 accordingly, fuch a Part of the Revenue, as 
 they judg’d reafonable, was allotted for the 
 Maintainance of the King’s Houftiold, and fup- 
 prting the Honour and Dignity of the Crown: 
 This is the private Revenue of the Crown, which 
 
[ 43 ] 
 
 is ufually Call’d the Civil Lijl all the reft of 
 the Revenues the Parliament obtain’d the Power 
 of appropriating and diredting to the Public 
 Services, according to theit own Wifdom and 
 Diferetion, witliout leaving them, as formerly, 
 to the abfolute Power of the Crown. This was 
 a Point of the utmoft Importance gain’d by 
 
 the People: nay, it is probable, its Extent was 
 hardly perceiv’d at firft; though it is now un¬ 
 deniably feen to be the grand Barrier of our 
 Libertysj and is fucli a new and effedbual Weight 
 in the popular Scale of Power, as, if I am not 
 greatly miftaken, is far from being over-bal* 
 lanc’d by any thing in the Re^al. 
 
 But to return, it is evident that the Crown, 
 at prefent, inftead of having the whole Public 
 Revenues to range in, and to apply to its own 
 private Purpofes, as formerly, is entirely con¬ 
 fin’d, if I may be pardon’d the Expreffion, to 
 a particular Salary. It is not to be expefted, 
 therefore, or defired, that the Crown Ihould 
 allot any Part of this Salary to the Public Ser¬ 
 vices, which is exprefsly allotted for its ownprf* 
 vatc Ufes. That Part of the Revenue, which 
 
 the Crown formerly allotted, or rather /hon'd 
 have allotted, to the Public Ufes, is now taken 
 from the Crown, and allotted to thefe Ufes by 
 the Parliament. Is it reafonable therefore ? Is it 
 poflible for the Crown, at prefent, to take the Bu^ 
 then of die Public Charge on itfelf, as formerly ? 
 Yet this is the Complaint of this Author j And dio’ 
 we are fure,;^^ which we never 
 
 were before, that the Revenue, which ought to 
 be apply’d to the Public Services, is not uferp’d 
 by the Crown; yet this is his Infinuatm. In 
 F 2 Ihort, 
 
[ 44 ] 
 
 fliort, fuch falfe and difingenuous Suggeffions, 
 calculated to impofe on the Ignorance of his 
 Readers, and to propagate groundlefs Uneafinefs, 
 are to be detefted by every Man of Candour 
 and Virtue i and fufEciently demonftrate, that 
 thk Author was aftuated by another Spirit, than 
 tiiQ Spirit ofTruth and Liherty, notwithftanding 
 his forward Pretences in this Treatife, 
 
 The reft of this Paragraph carrys on the lame 
 Sort of Complaints and Infmuations againft the 
 prefent Power of the Crown; this is indeed the 
 peculiar Talent of this Author j He excells in a 
 Method of fturring over Fads, and leaving the 
 moft uneafy Impreffions upon his Readers, even 
 when the real State of thefe Fads ought juftly 
 to convey contrary Sentiments; of which the 
 reft tiiat he offers upon this Subjed is a very 
 Extraordinary Specimen ; “ Notwithftanding 
 “ this vaft Alteration in the State of the Reve- 
 “ nue, and the Intereft of the King and the 
 « People, in the Management of it, the fame 
 “ Forms of granting Aids to the Crown, and 
 
 of levying few, and of managing the Pub- 
 “ lie freafure, have been continued; fo that 
 « the People Hand oblig’d (for the Crown, 
 “ that is trufted with the M^ole, is bound for 
 “ H'thing) to make good z\\ Deficiencies, though 
 “ they have no Share in the Management of 
 
 the Revenue." 
 
 It is plainly intended, by this Paragraph, to 
 create fome dark Jealoufys in the Reader, about 
 the fame Form of levying Faxes being continued, 
 KotwithfiaruUng a vaft Alteration ; and about the 
 CrownU being bound for nothing, with other. -ter- 
 
rifying Infiinuations. I make no Queftion but 
 thcfe Words have had that malicious EfFeft, 
 which the Author defign’d and yet they re¬ 
 ally contain no other Information than what 
 . follows, as the Reader will immediately fee, if 
 he pleafes to be at the Trouble to make the 
 Comparifon: Notwithftanding the Crown is thus 
 limited in its own Expences to the Civil Lifi Re. 
 venue, yet ‘Taxes and Aids continue to he rais'd, as 
 formerly, hy Ahi of Parliament: And they are 
 fill granted, after the old Form, to the TCng, 
 ■though they are appropriated to public Ufes-, fa 
 that the Parliament provides for all that is want¬ 
 ing for thefe public Ufes: for it is impoffible for 
 the King to do it, who has only his Civil Lift^ 
 though the Executive Power is fill left in the 
 Crown. This is the whole Subftance of this 
 Paragraph but he has thrown it into fuch 
 Words himfelf, as muft alarm any ordinary 
 Reader, and fuggeft to him very uneafy Appre- 
 henfions: At the fame Time, though he infi- 
 nuates the utmoft Mifchief, he plays fo loofe, 
 that nothing can well be fix’d upon him; aft* 
 ing like an Irifh Rapparee, who is continually 
 feen, but whenever you advance to attack him; 
 /retires into his Boggs, and vanilhes, not daring 
 to maintain his Ground, like a fair and manly 
 Enemy. 
 
 He goes on upon the fame Subjeft, “ Our 
 “ Kings, fince the Eftablilhment of the Civil 
 “ Lift, have not only a private feparate Efiate, 
 “ but receive a Kind of Rent-Churge out of 
 “ the Public Ffiate, to maintain their Honour 
 “ and Dignity, nothing elfc.” Now here the 
 Reader may underftand, if he pleafes, that the 
 Crown 
 
[ 46 ] 
 
 Crown has not only a private Eftate, but a 
 Rent-Charge upon the Public Eftate beftdes. 
 It has been the Care of this Author to exprefe 
 himfelf fo, that any one ignorant of the Mat* 
 ter before, wou’d thus underftand it j Not on- 
 lays he, a private feparate Eftate^ but receive 
 a Kind of Rent-Charge to maintain their Honour 
 andbignip, nothing ELSE.What else wou’d 
 he have it for ? The Parliament have given it 
 only for this ; they have thought fuch a Reve¬ 
 nue requifite for this Purpofe only, the Par¬ 
 liament likewife annually give the reft of the 
 Revenue to the Public Ufes only, or, accord¬ 
 ing to his Phrafe, to the Public Ufes •, nothing 
 tlfe. If he thinks no fuch Rent-Charge Ihou’d 
 be given to the Crown, why does not he fay fo, 
 and produce his Reafons ? Inftead of dropping 
 mean Infinuations, without fairly ftanding to aiiy 
 Circumftance. 
 
 It is neceflary to add the Remainder of his 
 Paragraph upon this Subjeft; wherein the Read¬ 
 er will fee the fame Deficiency of real ObjeSiems, 
 and the fame Abundance of falfe Infinuations. 
 “ And whether the Public Eftate thrive, or not, 
 “ this Rent-Charge mull be made good to them; 
 “ at Icaft as it hath been fettled on our prefent 
 “ moft gracious Monarch ; If the Funds appro- 
 priated produce the Double of that immenfe 
 “ Revenue of Eight Hundred Thoufand Pounds 
 a Year, which hath been fo liberally given 
 him for life; the "Whole is his, without Ac- 
 *'■ count; but if they fail in any Degree to 
 produce it, the intire National Fund is en- 
 “ gag’d to make up the Difierence: But al- 
 though our Kings have thus no longer any 
 “ inunediate intereft in the Public Eftate, they 
 ‘‘ are 
 
[ 47 ] 
 
 « are trufted with the intirc Management of 
 “ it; they arc not only Stewards for the Pub- 
 “ lie, but they condefeend to be fuch for all 
 « thofe private Perfons, who are the Creditors 
 “ of the Public, and have the additional Trouble 
 “ of managing about Three Millions a Year on 
 « this Head.” 
 
 The firft Part of this Paragraph I lhall an- 
 fwer hereafter; but the Aim of it, in the latter 
 End, is to infinuate, that the Crown ought to 
 be ^deprived of the Executive Power, and only 
 to be intmfted with the Adminidration of its 
 own Civil Liji Revenue. This he has before 
 ftrongly urg’d, and laid down his Reafons, 
 why the Crown ought not to be trufted, at 
 prefent, with this Power, though it ought for- 
 merfy. 
 
 But as this is a Subjedt of the utmoft Con- 
 fequence, I defire to give his Argument, as it 
 is drawn up in his own Words though I have 
 before confidePd them, with Regard to another 
 Point: “ Formerly (fays he) the whole Ex- 
 “ pence of the State was born by the Crown; 
 “ and when this Expence grew, upon extra- 
 “ ordinary Occafions, too great for the Reve- 
 « nue of the Crown to bear, the People aided 
 « the Crown, if they approt^d the Occafions of 
 “ the Expence. Thefe Grants were properly 
 “ Aids, no more; for the Revenue of the 
 
 Crown was engag’d in the firft Place, and 
 « therefore, it might feem reafonable, that the 
 “ Crown Ihou’d have the Levying, andManagc- 
 “ ment of the whole of thefe Aids, as well as 
 ” of the ftandmg Revenue.” 
 
 This 
 
[ 48 ]; 
 
 This Argument in the ftrongeft Terms ftandl 
 thus i 
 
 Formerly, the whole Ordinary ExpenCes of 
 the State were born by the Crown. 
 
 Upon Extraordinary Occafions it was indeed 
 fometimes aided by the People. 
 
 But as the Crown took upon itfelf the wholi 
 Burthen, it was but juft it Ihould have the whole 
 
 The Fallacy of this Argument lies in not 
 rightly diftinguifhing about the Revenue of the 
 Crown 5 before the Revolution, the whole ordi-f 
 nary Revenue of the State was in the Power of 
 the Crown, and call’d Revenue of the Crown, 
 without any Diftinftion of what was to be al¬ 
 lotted for the Civil Lift, and what for the rar- 
 rent Service. After the Revolution, the Civil 
 Lift only became the Revenue of the Crown ; fo 
 that the Argument of this Author is really re¬ 
 duc’d to what follows: 
 
 formerly, there were no Boundaries fix’d to 
 the Expences for the Civil Lift, and for the 
 current Services, the whole Ordinary Revenue of 
 the State being then under the uncontroulable 
 Power and Management of the Crown, 
 
 Therefore the whole Extraordina-ry Revenue 
 of the State ought to have been under the fame 
 uncontroulable Management likewife. 
 
 This is to convince every one, that the Crown 
 was more juftly entitled to the executive Power 
 
t 49 V 
 
 fortfterly, thah. at prefent; and ^is ia juft Specn 
 men of the profound Reafoning. of this all-ac- 
 comvlipd Writer. 
 
 What he alledges about the on the . 
 
 Revenue, of the Crown formerly,- is exaftly of the 
 fame Texture V that is, a meaji Attempt to im-* ; 
 pofc upon his Readers, by concealing from them,, 
 that this Revenue before the Revolution included . 
 the Civil Lift and 'current Strokes and fince 
 included the C/w 7 only, —rr-But it is ne- 
 ceffary to add. fomething more concerning the 
 executive Power. 
 
 That this PoVer^iri ,fhe i Crown IhOuld be 
 limited, as at prefent; pardcularly,• that the 
 Public Revenues fbould be appropriated by Par¬ 
 liament, is juft and requifite; and a great Im¬ 
 provement of our happy Conftitution : But to 
 take any principal Part of this Power entirely 
 from' the Crown, and to lodge it, for the future, 
 in other Hands, uncontroulable by the Crown, 
 will be, in Reality, to create two fupreme inde¬ 
 pendent executive Magiftracys in. the fame Go¬ 
 vernment ; the Abfurdity of which is fufficicntly 
 evident. I fay nothing of the Expence, though 
 this muft be very confiderable, to fupport any 
 fuch independent executive Power in new Hands, 
 with proper Dignity : but, from the Nature of 
 Things, this new Magiftracy will immediately 
 rival the Crown ; and fix what Limits you pleaie 
 to dieir refpedtive Jurifdiftions, they will quick¬ 
 ly clafti togedier, and in a little Time bend 
 their Force to obftruft and fupprefs each other; 
 whereby the Wheels of Government will be en¬ 
 tirely flopp’d, till one of them becomes at 
 
[ 50 ] 
 
 fubfervient to the other 5 in which Cafe the j'K* 
 friitte executive Power will again be lodg’d in 
 one Corporation only. If this Ihould be the new 
 Magifiracy, which, by fupprefling the Regal Au- 
 tboritys IhouW at length entirely prevail, who 
 can tell, in the violent Contentions and Struggles 
 for Superiority between this and the Crown, 
 (which fliuft always continue till one of them is 
 entirely fubdued,) what difioried Model the Go¬ 
 vernment of this Ifland may be prefPd into 5 or, 
 moft probably, it will, at length, be thrown 
 into the Arms of One powerful refolute Perfon, 
 without any Limitations. 
 
 On the other Hand, if in the Straggle the 
 Crown Ihould become the Conqueror, it muft, 
 in Order to this, become fo powerfiil, as to 
 break through all Reteaints whatever, whereby 
 we lhall inevitably fall under an abfolute Mo^ 
 mrchy •, and this, 'indeed, will probably be the 
 lafi Rejult, whatever Side lhall obain the Vic¬ 
 tory. 
 
 It appears then from Ret^cnt, as it does from 
 all Experience in Hiftofy, that two fuprme in¬ 
 dependent executive Magijiracys can never long 
 fubfill together in one Stare 4 and therefore, to 
 deprive our own Crown, for the future, of any 
 principal Part of the executive Power, fuch as 
 the Colleftion and Diftribution of the Public 
 Revenues, according to the Infmuatioa of this 
 Author, would unavoidably occa'fion ihe moft 
 violent Gonvulfions in this Nation, and foon end 
 ai the Lois of all the preferv'd, iang envy'd 
 Liberties of Britain. 
 
 To 
 
f5>] 
 
 Tp confi^cr the G)nfequences of this Author’s 
 Infinuatiqn in anotner Light 5 —r If the Crottm 
 was depriv'd of the principal Part of the exe¬ 
 cutive Fewer, it would immediately lofe the 
 greateft Share of its Weight and Authority, and 
 ofitsUsEFULNESs likewifcto the State; for the 
 Crown is to be confider’d now,, as vefted with 
 
 the Supreme Magiftracy To fupport which with 
 proper Grandeur and Dignity, at the Head of 
 lb great and wealthy a People, and to be a 
 
 E Balance to the LegiQative Power, a con¬ 
 ic Civil Lift Revenue is juftly allotted: 
 But, if you take away the Employment of the 
 Crown, and make it only a Sine Cure, fo that 
 the Poffeflbr of it lhall no more be the Supreme 
 Magftrate, what will be the Confequences ? Will 
 it not juaiy be faid, that the Civil Lift was ori¬ 
 ginally defign^d and appointed for fupporting the 
 Dignity or the Supreme Magftrate, and to at¬ 
 tend upon him; That whdft this Magiftracy 
 was vefted in the Crown, fuch a Revenue might 
 have been properly allotted to it; But that it was 
 by no Means reafonable, while the State labour’d 
 under great Difficukys, to allow lb large a Sum 
 for the Support only of an ufelefs Pageant. Tiius 
 the Reafon and Foundation of this Revenue no 
 more fubfiflanjg, it will be impoffible for the 
 Crown to avoid yielding up fome Part of it to 
 the Pid)lic; efpecially, its Weight and Influence 
 being gone away with the Supreme Magiftracy: 
 And this Jirft Diminution of the Revenue of the 
 Crown will fiillabridge ks Weight and 
 Influence, and of courfe render a fecond Dimi¬ 
 nution of its Revenue more eafy. Let it be 
 confider’d now where this is to ftop; the Name 
 G 2 - of 
 
[ 52 ] 
 
 of Monarchy will then be all that will continue 
 of it ambngft us;' and that only, perhaps, but 
 a little while; And I defire to know from any 
 one, that is wife enough, what Frame of Govern¬ 
 ment we fiiall then be refolv’d into/, for it is evi¬ 
 dent, .that, to deprive the Crown of any confi- 
 derable Part of die executive Power, will thus 
 unavoidably rm us out of our ^refent Conjlitu- 
 
 Thefe Political Tenets and Infinuations of 
 the Difercator being thus expos’d, I come next 
 to confiacr tlie Power of the Crown over Mo¬ 
 ney, or its Pecuniary Power and Influence, at dif¬ 
 ferent Periods fince the Reftoration-, But it is 
 firll neceflary to deteft another Artifice, carry’d 
 on of late with much Difingenuity by feveral 
 Authors; they lay it down as a neceflary Con- 
 fequence, that, becaufe the Income of the Crown 
 is greater 7 ww, than at any Time fince the Re¬ 
 volution ; therefore, that the Pecuniary Influence 
 of the Crown is greater; which by no Means 
 follows j unlds it can be Ihewn, that the Income 
 of the People hath not been equivalently in¬ 
 creas'd in the lame Time ; for if the Annual In¬ 
 come of die Crown, and of the People, fet out 
 ■in any Proportion to each other, and you double 
 both, the fame Proportion between their In¬ 
 comes is ftill preferv’d; nor will the Pecuniary 
 Influence of the Crown become greater thereby 
 than before; though thefe Gentlemen, according 
 to their Method of arguing, would not fail to 
 reprelent it to! be double; On the contrary, that 
 this Influence would be lefs than before, feems 
 to me evident; and that the following Propo- 
 fition holds true in Politics, 
 
 Pro- 
 
[ 53 ] 
 
 Propofition. 
 
 If the Income of the Crown, and of the 
 People, berefpeltively doubled, trebled, or equally 
 augmented to any Amount-, though the We alth 
 of the Crown will be Jlill in the fame Proportion 
 to the Wealth of the People, as before", 
 yet /k Power W Influence of the Ckov/h 
 will not be fo conftderable, as before, but will be 
 much diminipd. 
 
 This I fiiall endeavour to prove, by the fol¬ 
 lowing Inftance: Suppofe a certain Manour to 
 be wholly poflefs’d by the Lord of it, and one 
 Thoufand Cottagers-, the Lord having Five 
 Hundred Pounds per Annum, and each of the 
 Cottagers Ten Pounds per Annum-, the Propor¬ 
 tion then of his Income, to any one of theirs, 
 is five hundred to ten, or fifty to one -, and 
 he is certainly very great and powerful, in Com- 
 parifon to any of thefe; it will be eafy for him 
 to bribe, or to ruin, as many as he pleafes. 
 
 Let now the Rents of the whole Manour be 
 
 uniformly rais’d, by real Improvements, ten 
 times as high as before; then will the Lord of 
 it enjoy Five Thoufand Pounds per Annum, and the 
 Cottagers will all become Farmers of One 
 Hundred Pounds per Annum Freehold each : Let 
 it now be confider’d what Sort of new People 
 the Lord ’ has about him: Every one of thefe 
 Farmers pofTcis’d of One Hundred l^ounds per 
 Annum, will’ juftly look upon lumfelf to be in 
 a great meafure independent, and will neither 
 be led, nor drove, as formerly; It is not eafy 
 to ruin any of them; And, as they will foon be 
 
[s+] 
 
 fenfible, that they have new Charafters and For¬ 
 tunes, it will be very difficult to awe or bribe a 
 Majority of them. 
 
 Again, if a Number of them unite together 
 in any common Caufe, they are able to form a 
 Purfe amongft themfelvcs, and make a powerful 
 Oppofition to any of his Defignswhence he will 
 feiilibly find, that, though his Income bears the 
 fame Proportion to theirs which it did before, bis 
 Weight and Power, infiead of being the fame, are 
 
 This is eafdy referr’d to the Crown and the 
 People-, And theReafon of.this Effedt from a 
 general Increefe of Property, will clearly appear, 
 by examining into the Nature of Power, and 
 wherein it is coiilhtutcd. 
 
 Now this feems to me to be near the Truth, 
 ^he Power ^ the Crown and the Power cf 
 the People are to each other, in Proportion to 
 their refpeSiive Abilitvs, and their Dispo¬ 
 sition and Advantages for employing 
 them againji each other. 
 
 The Abilitvs of each depend chiefly upon 
 the Superfluity of their relpe&ive Incomes, over 
 and above the Expenccs, which they make ne^ 
 ceflary to themfelves. 
 
 In mofl: Countries, therefore, the Abilityb 
 cf the whole People cdledled together, are greater 
 than thofe of the Crown ; But then it is evi¬ 
 dent, that the Crown, by its Unity, Prerogative, 
 executive Power, has more Advantages 
 for 
 
C 55 1 
 
 for employing its Abilitys, in order to gain 
 an abfoiute Superiority, and under many Reigns 
 has been found to have more Disposition for 
 doing fo, than the People. 
 
 Thefe Principles will appear more plainly, 
 by examining again the foregoing Inftance: 
 When the Cottagers had no more than Ten 
 Pounds per Annum each, their whole Income, 
 Care, and Thought, was employ’d to provide, 
 themfclves Food and Neceffarys: Their whole 
 Scheme then was to keep themfelves from ftarv- 
 ing i and all they could procure was juft fuffi- 
 cient for that Purpofc only: But every Addition 
 to this Income was a clear Acqiiifition of Strength, 
 to them, and gave them Abilitys to procure, 
 and defend other Enjoyments; whereby, accord¬ 
 ing to what is laid'down ■ Superfluity 3.p- 
 pears to be the Foundation of all their Abilitys : 
 And ‘This, which was before peculiar to the Lord 
 of the Manouf, is now cotnmon to thofe that were 
 the Cottagers; But his Income being to all theirs 
 colleftively, as Five Hundred to TeuThoufand, 
 or as One to Twenty, it is evident, if the whole 
 Income of the Manour is increas’d in the fame' 
 Proportion, that for every fmgle Pound extra¬ 
 ordinary that he obtains, they acquire amongft 
 them all Twenty Pounds; fo that tliey imme¬ 
 diately gain upon him vaftly in Ability ; for, 
 though there is the fame Proportion ftill pre- 
 ferv’d between the whole Amount of his In¬ 
 come, and die whole Amount of theirs, yet 
 there is by no Means the fame Proportion con* 
 tinued between the Amount of their rcfpeiftive 
 Stperfluitys, wherein their Abilitys confift; it 
 being apparent, that the Advantage he had over 
 them 
 
[ 56 ] 
 
 them at firft, in this Refpcft, was infinite, if 
 you liippofe they had no Superfluity at all; fot 
 then, admitting One Hundred Pounds per An- 
 mm to be the narroweft Bounds he could con- 
 tradl himlelf within; his Superfluity is to theirs, 
 as 400 to 0, or infinitely greater. 
 
 But upon doubling*) C to,000/. per Ah. 
 
 their Incomes, the/ goo to 10,000 < being requir'd for 
 Cafe is alter’d, andv or ' {_ their Necellaries, 
 his Superfluity is to^ i to n nearly, 
 theirs, only as J 
 ' Upon quintupling ) 2400 to 40,000 
 
 their Incomes, it is ^ or 
 
 as J 1 to 17 nearly. 
 
 And upon decup-) 
 ling their Incomes, ( 4900 to go,ooo 
 his Su^rfluity is to^ or 
 
 all theirs colleaive-V i to 18 r nearly, 
 ly, as } T ■' 
 
 And if all their Incomci; be continually aug¬ 
 mented in the fame Manner, the Superfluity of 
 the Lord, in Proportion to all theirs, will con- 
 ftantly be diminilh’d, and decline nearer and 
 nearer to the Proportion of i to 20. 
 
 As therefore, by this uniform Increafe of Pro¬ 
 perty, the Cottagers gain upon the Lord in A-^ 
 bility, which is the chief conffituent Article of 
 Power ; fo will they likewife in another, that 
 is in their Bifpojition for employing this Ability : 
 For their Senle and Spirit will nle with their 
 Property, and they will foon aim at the third 
 Article of Power, the procuring Advantages to 
 themfelves, for employing their Ability in the 
 befl Manner upon any Occafion. 
 
 Thus, if I miftake not, it undeniably appears, 
 that the Power of the Lord, with Relpeci: to the 
 Cot- 
 
[57] 
 
 Cottigers, will bd confiderably dirriinifli'd, by 
 a general uniform Increafe of the whole Property. 
 of the Manour; And, if this be referr'd to the 
 Crown and the People of this Kingdom, which 
 is only a larger Manoury it will hold equally true, 
 and fully demonftrate the Reafonablencls of the ■ 
 foregoing Propofition. 
 
 This being fo, I pfoceed next to enquire into 
 the refpeftive Incomes of the Crown, and of the 
 
 People, and of the general Increafe- of Property '■ 
 amon^ us, at different Periods, from the Refto- 
 ration to his prefent Majefty’s Acceflion; And ' 
 if the Income of the Crown hath only been pro- 
 poriionably augmented to the Income of the Peo- 
 it muft be admitted that Power of the 
 Crown is confiderably dminiftfd-. But, if this In¬ 
 come hath by no -Means been increas’d’ pro- 
 portiondbly to the increafing Income of the Peo- ’ 
 pie, it will appear what litde Foundation there 
 is "for Suggeftions, that the Power of the 
 Crown is become.eiwrwm of late, and ready to 
 devour the Rights of the People. On the other 
 hand, it may, perhaps, bring fome ferious Re¬ 
 flexions into the Minds of those, \(ho fmcerely 
 mean the Welfare of their Country, but are 
 fpirited up, and eager for fome CLuce, where- 
 evef their UadersMl direft the Cry, and urge 
 
 on dieirFury: Thuse Gentlemen, it is to be 
 hop’d, will at length hefitate, and coolly con- 
 fider where they arc driving to, or are rather 
 drove by haughty Rulers; And, as there is 
 z-Peint to which the Power of the People ought 
 juftly to arrive, 'that their Freedom and Hap- 
 pinefs may be well fecur’d; fo every Advance¬ 
 ment beyond this, directly tends to involve us in 
 H Con- 
 
[ 58 ] i 
 
 Cc^fion, apd to, pvcrthroiM 
 our-Goyernmpnt, *. Vpjrfs the mreufingMity. of 
 the. People be rightljr temper’d, with, a rm m-. 
 deration, apd ajqft Senfc of tjie felicity of their 
 frejent. 5 yithout grajping at all- 
 
 ■^itibority ; for that, there , ia a-vpry ex- 
 traordimq Increafe of Abili^. ip. thePeoplf^ I 
 believe will immediately appear; and that bur 
 Teaden^ f .mfint, uplds.it be rightly mderaUd, 
 lies, mpeh ftronger to Democrat, than, to abfs- 
 lufe Monmb^. 
 
 The Parliament, at thejR^^mtieti in i,66o, 
 voted, that Twelve Hundred T&oufand. Pounds per 
 4 wa»»,lhould be fettledupn.the Crown for the. 
 Support of its Dignity, and i for defraying, the 
 ordinary Expences . of the Government j towards, 
 which Sum the following Dutys were foon aR 
 terwards granted to King Charles the Second’ 
 for his late} wj}. 
 
 1, The Cuftomt, being the oWJ, ^Hdy of 
 
 Tunnage and Poundage. 
 
 2, The Hereditary, and Tempor^iry Excife. 
 
 3, The PolROffice. 
 
 4, The Wine-Lieepces. 
 
 5 , The Hearth-Money. 
 
 6, To which are to be added, the fmallBranchet 
 arifing chiefly from, the Hereditary Bltatc of the... 
 Crown; viz. the firft Fruits and Tenths qfthe 
 Clergy; the Fines for Writs of Covenant, and, 
 Writs of Entry, payable in the Aliepation- 
 Office; the Poft-Fines; the Sheriffs Proffers; 
 the Compofitions, and Seizures of Uncuftom’d 
 and Prohibited Goods; the Revenue of the Prin¬ 
 cipality oi Hedies, and Dutchy oiCormall-, the- 
 
 Rents 
 
I 59 I 
 
 Rents of the Crown-Lands, and Fines for Leafcs; 
 and the Four and a half per Cent, in Barbadoes] 
 luid the Lee'taard-IJbmds. ’ 
 
 The Tunnage and Poundage commenc’d from 
 the 24th of Ju/y, 1660-, the Hereditary and 
 Temporary Lxeife, both. From tlic 25th of D^- 
 cember, I'ddoj the Poft-Office immediately from 
 the Royal A&nt to the Aft For efeblilhing it, 
 which was given on the 29th oiDsceinher, 1660; 
 the Wine-Licences commenc’d frorai xhtLady-Day 
 following; and the firft Half-Yearly Payment of 
 theHearth-Moh'ey was dMcVit Mkhdehras, 1665. 
 The Neat Produce of thefe fettled Taxes arofe 
 not at firft to TwelVe Hundred Thoufand Pounds 
 per Mmm’, thoiigh after a ftW Years they ar¬ 
 riv’d to this Sub, and in the latter I^rt of this 
 King’s Reign far exceeded that Aniiual Amount: 
 But, to fupply this Deficiency in the Beginning, 
 very confiaerable Sums Were given by the Par¬ 
 liament, befldes providing for all extrOorMnary 
 Services: A particular State 6f which Slims for 
 feverai of the firft Yeart after the RefibrdtUn is 
 hereto ful^oin’d, whereby it will appear; i.What 
 was the Receipt of the Crown in each Year 
 from its feitkd Rmme^ hhd from extrliofinaty 
 Supplys. 2. Wh'at Part Of the Whole ivas dif- 
 burs’d for the Publii Servie'es. And Mly, how 
 much was obtain’d by the CrOWft for the Civil 
 Lifi only. 
 
 H 2 
 
 No. 
 
. [6o] 
 
 ^ No. I. ' ’ 
 
 An Account of the Sums granted to King 
 Charles the Second, by the Convention 
 begun Weftminfter, the z^th of A- 
 pril, 166 ft 'within the firji feven Months 
 afterJhe'K^^^orlCaon', that is, from the 
 2gth of May 1660, to the zcyth of 
 December following, •when this Conven- 
 ■ tion •was dijfoived. 
 
 '■N 
 
 N A61: for putting in Exe- \ 
 
 Aflefsmcnt of Seventy Thoufandv 
 Pounds per Month, for Threer ’ 
 Months, commencing the 24th ofV 
 June, 1660. 3 
 
 . s. TheTunnage and Poundage 
 commencing from the 24th ofQ 
 July, 1660, which, to the Chrift-^ ■ 140,000 
 mas following, being Five Months, v 
 produc’d about J 
 
 3. Two Afts for continuing the' 
 Commonwealth Excife to Chrift- 
 mas 1660; The Amount of this _ 
 
 ' Excife for that Time docs not ap- y 200,000 
 pear,.but is fuppos’d to exceed 1 
 the Cuftoms, and for thofe Seven j 
 Months may be itated at j 
 
 550,000 
 
 Brought 
 
Brought over . - 
 
 4. An Aft for the Ipeedy Provifionl 
 
 of Money, for disbanding and | 
 paying of the Forces of this King¬ 
 dom, both by Sea and Land this j 
 was a Poll-Tax, the higheft, and j 
 moft particular, that had ever 
 been granted before that Time; 
 and comprehended likewife aTax 
 of Two Shillings in the Pound 
 upon all Eftates Real and Perfo- 
 nal j its Amount, probably, ex¬ 
 ceeded . _ 
 
 5. An Aft for the fpeedy raifing ofl 
 
 Seventy Thoufand Pounds for the 
 prefent Supply of his Majefty 5! 
 this was by an AflelTment of Se- )• 
 venty Thoufand Founds for one [ 
 Month, commencing the 29th of j 
 September, 1660. J 
 
 6 . An Aft for the fpeedy raifing of") 
 
 Sevenfeore Thoufand Pounds, for j 
 the empleat disbanding of the 
 whole Army, and paying of fome j 
 Part of the Navy j this was, by an ). 
 AflelTment of Seventy Thouland | 
 Pounds per Month, for Two 
 Months, commencing the firft of j 
 November, 1660. j 
 
 L. 
 
 550,000 
 
 [,000,000 
 
 70,000 
 
 140,00® 
 
[ 6 * ] 
 
 L, 
 
 Brought over ■ — 1,760,000 
 
 7. An Aft for levying the Arrears'! 
 of the Twelve Months Afleffment 
 of One HundredThoufandPoun^s 
 /rr Month, commencing the 24th 
 of June, 1659 i of the Six 
 Months Affeffment of One Hun¬ 
 dred Thoufand Pounds ^erMonth ,' 300,000 
 commencing the 25th of Decern- 
 
 ler, 1659; ifwc fuppole, with 
 M r. Coke, Three Months of thefe 
 Eighteen to be in Arrear, as might 
 
 cafilybe, in the Confufion of that 
 Time, the Amount of this was - 
 
 8. An Ad for granting his Majcftyl 
 Four Hundred and Twenty Thou¬ 
 fand Pounds, by an Aireflinent of 
 Seventy Thoufand Pounds per 
 Month, for Six Months, for dif- 
 banding the Remainder of the Ar- 
 my, and paying of the Navy: 
 though this AlTefTment was only 
 to commence from the firft Day 
 oi January, 1660; yet one Moi¬ 
 ety of it was to be paid on, or 420yQ00 
 before, the firlt Day of Fehrmry 
 following; md the Remainder of 
 
 it on, or before, the firft Day of 
 April next enfuing; Befides which, 
 there is a Claufe for allowing Ten 
 per Cent. Intereft to any Perfon 
 
 ^ 2,480,000 
 
 Brought 
 
[ 63 ] 
 
 1 . 
 
 Brought over 2,4.80,000 
 
 who ihall advance Money upon [. 
 the Credit of this Aft; fo that the 
 whole Amount was, probably, re- j 
 cciV' d very foon- after Cbriftmas. 
 
 5, An Aft for raifirjg of Seventy' 
 
 Thoufand Pounds ror the further 
 Supply of his Majefty: this was - 
 likewife by an AffelTment of Se¬ 
 venty Thoufand Pounds for one 1 
 
 Month, to commence from the t 7 o>ooo 
 firft Day oi july, 1661: But, j 
 upon the Credit of it, his Majefty, • 
 probably, foon obtain’d the great- j 
 eft Part of it. J 
 
 10. To which are to be added the 1 
 fmall Branches, whofe Amount, 
 according to Sir William Petty^ in 
 his little Treatifc entitled, PfrW 
 Sttpientiy wrote foon after the i?(f- ( 
 fimtiotu, was One Hundred and ^ 
 Thirty Thoufand Pounds per^Att- 
 mm •, and it is not to be doubted ' 
 but the whole Produce for this - 
 Year was very cxaftly paid. j' 
 
 130,000 
 
 Total 2^,680,000'^ 
 
 The Hereditary and Temporary Excife, the 
 Ppft-Office, and Wine-Licenc®^ were' granted' 
 by the lame Convention: Butf as thefe Dutys 
 regan net to be in Gollcftion, till after Chrift- 
 mast 
 
„ [ 64 ];; 
 
 iSSo, they arc not added to the following 
 Articles, whofe Produce was almoft all obtain’d 
 by the King, within the firft Seven Months after 
 the Refioration: For, it is to be remark’d, that 
 the far greateft Part of theyfmy was difcharg’d 
 before 1660; and the, laft Remnant 
 
 of it was entirely disbanded on Tower-Hill^ the 
 14th of February following} and the Navy 
 was likewife paid off about the fame Time : 
 fo that the Six Months Afleffment of Four Hun¬ 
 dred and Twenty Thoufand Pounds muft have 
 been all receiv’d before that Time} unlels it be 
 fappos’d, that the Moiety of it payable on the 
 
 firltof was fufficient.forJatisfyingaO 
 
 the Fones; which, if it was fo, the Crown gainfd 
 more confiderably by the Gifts of thofe firft Se¬ 
 ven Months, than I lhall venture, without full 
 Proof, to charge to its Account. 
 
 It is evident, indeed, by the very Tides of 
 the A6b, that the Convention, after granting 
 the Poll-Tax, for the fpecdy Provifion of Money 
 for difcharging the Forces by Sea and Land, 
 computed, that the further Sum of One Hun¬ 
 dred and Forty Thouland Pounds was fully fuf- 
 ficient for the compkat disbanding of the whole 
 Army, and paying the Navy: but yet, the 
 Crown afterwards demanded, and obtain’d. Four 
 Hundred and Twenty Thoufand Pounds more, 
 for difcharging tite Remainder of the Forces. 
 
 However, admitting that the King gain’d no- 
 thing by , this Bufinefs'; and that the three Ar¬ 
 ticles of One Million, One Hundred and Forty 
 Thotifand, Pounds, .and Four Hundred and 
 Twenty Thoufand .Pounds, did no more than.. 
 
 fatisfy 
 
[ 6s ] 
 
 fatisfy all the Expences of the Army, Navy, and, 
 the Pay of the three or four Regiments in Dun¬ 
 kirk-, the Refult of the whole Account will ftand 
 thus, for the firft Seven Months after the ReJka-> 
 ration-. 
 
 Granted for the Public Services, 
 and Civil Lift, --- 
 
 Disburs’d for the 
 Public Services, 
 
 f 1,000,000 
 < 140,000 
 ^ 420,000 
 
 ? 2,680,000 
 ^ 1,560,000 
 
 Remainder, being the Sum ob-i 
 rain’d for the Civil Lift, — {^140,000 
 
 It may be obferv’d here befides, that the 
 Convention prefented the King with FiftyThou- 
 fand Pounds when he was in Holland -, and he 
 receiv’d likewife confiderable Prefents from the 
 States General, the City of London, and from a 
 great Multitude of private Perfons, before and 
 after his Arrival: All which I pals over, as 
 well as the Amount of the Forfeitures in Eng¬ 
 land Ireland, to a great Sum; having it far 
 from my Intention to fwell this Account beyond 
 its Limits. • 
 
 This profiife Liberality to the Crown, it may 
 be expefted, will be moderated next Year ; the 
 
 firft Tranlports of the Reftoration were then over: 
 The Congratulatory Poems from the Two TJ- 
 niverfitys by that Time were extinti ; and the 
 Cavaliers^ having done with boajiing of their 
 Ealour, were glad to beg any where a little Cre¬ 
 dit. To Gompleat our Happinefs, upon the 8th 
 I of 
 
 \ 
 
‘of i66j, Ae Natldn wiS eqi^J)j)*d with a 
 jPMaltndnt iiitir'dj foTy\ Now, OTiibtl^, ^ 
 ftafl f^e'gr^t ah ^h lnfpeMon ^iAt 
 
 '^t PiMc Hccmmts^ ahdh'?S//^ Mffofwn for 
 fucceeding Parliaments, However, befbfe we 
 triull^h too much in thefe good Things, it will 
 be proper to obfer’Vc a little few me 'Giftitk. 
 men fet forwards. 
 
 Slid then, ariiOngifl; tlieir firft'Operations ; 
 
 I. An M again^ fumUlts and Dtforders, upc» 
 "Pf'it'ente of Jreprim, ^ frefenimg Public 
 Petitions, or blh'er Mdrejfes to 'Us ‘Majefy, 
 or the Parliament. 
 
 i, jin M for the well ‘governing 'aU fegUlaU 
 ihg of Corporations, 
 
 'By this Aft, all Berfons cbnceiri^'in the'Ma- 
 igifiracw bf any Corporation were obit^ft to fake 
 tile follbwinjg Oath; 
 
 1 A.B. do declare and 'heli'evey that 'it is ml 
 flawful, upon, at^ Pretence "what'diier, to 'tah 
 Arms againjl the King ; and that Ido Shorthat 
 Traitorous Pojition of taking Arms 'by' Us Autho¬ 
 rity againft his Perfon, or againjl tbofe that an 
 'tmmifftdn'd hy him: \ohelpmtyCibd. 
 
 This Was'abolifli’d, |^e firft of King ihilim 
 and "Mary, and had, in the Opinion of the E< 
 liaftors, entirely excluded iJs from ever afferting 
 our Bights and libertys,' 
 
3. 4 n- M f^r thi and 
 
 tfmens- Hat my, axifi ^ cmam 'P^rfcjk 
 cabl'd atid Othexs, nfujing to tala 
 
 4, Jn ASl for He Vnifmtdy of P'Mx Pray, 
 ers^ and Adminiftration of Sacraments^ and 
 other Rites and Ceremoi^s. 
 
 Thia Aft, the great ,Mr. Locke fays, V was 
 “ fatal to our Church and Religioii, ig thto.w- 
 “ ing out a very great Num.ber (alwye two 
 “ Thoufaind) of Worthy, jLearped, Pious, and 
 “ Ordiodox Divines, who coiild not cbrhe'up 
 “ to, Several Things in it.” 
 
 5. An Aft for frroent'mg Akfes in, frinting Se¬ 
 ditious, Lreafonabk, and Unlic^nfed Rooks and 
 PmpHets ; and for r^gulafm^ pf Printing, 
 andPrJnting-Pre£es.''' ' 
 
 This Aft was continued from Time to Time, 
 to June 1685-; arid thence for feyen Years fpng^ 
 er, which extended iieyond .the af¬ 
 
 ter which it was h,o.n n s t.l y luffer’d tp. ejtpire, 
 being incopMent with the Ifbertys pf a 'Free 
 People. 
 
 It-Vfould be eafy to fill a Volume.with the 
 mrthy Exploits pf this Sort perform’d .this 
 Parliament,; hojw ftoutly they.fiipprefs’d,all 
 venticles ; imprifpning, and othetwifc punilhing 
 Thoufands of pious and fcrupulous Proteftants, 
 for quietly worlhipping God according to their 
 own Gonfciences •, abolilhing the Rights and 
 I 2 Liber- 
 
lihrtys of the People, and ereding in their 
 Stead Pajfive Obedience and Non-Rejijiance: 
 But, leaving thefe Heroical A6b, it is my Pro¬ 
 vince, at prefent, to enquire into their Bounty 
 to the King, who enjoy’d now a very confide- 
 rable fetded Revenue, and was therefore in lels 
 Want of any Additional Supplys. 
 
 No. 11 . 
 
 yin Account of the Neat Produce of the 
 Settled Revenue, and of the other Sums 
 granted to King Charles the Second from 
 Chriftmas 1660 to Chrillmas 1(361. 
 
 L. 
 
 I. ’THE Cuftoms, then farm’d ? 
 
 1 at about ; ^ 350,000 
 
 3. The Hereditary and. Temporary? 
 
 Exclfe, then farm’d at J, 
 
 5. The Wine-Licences firft paid atl 
 Lady-Bay that Year, * 
 
 4 , The fmall Branches, whofe Ac¬ 
 count Sir William Petty about that 
 Time computes, as follows, 
 
 Crown-Lands/er Annum 70,000 
 Poft-Office, 20,000 
 
 Coinage andPre-emp-? 
 
 tion ofTin, ^ j. 
 
 Foreft of Bean, 4,000, 
 
 Courts of Juftice, , 6,000 
 
 Firft-Fruits, 18,000 
 
 , 275.952 
 
 7,000 
 
 130,000 
 
[ 6 ? ] 
 
 L. 
 
 Brought over -- 762,552 
 
 5. An Aft for the declaring, veft-l 
 ing, and fettling, of all fuch Mo¬ 
 neys, Goods, and 'Fhings in his 
 Majefly, which were receiv’d, le- 
 vy’d, or;Collefted in thefe late • ■ 
 
 Times, and are remaining: in the , 
 
 Hands or Pofleflion of any Trea- 
 furers. Receivers, Colleftors, or. 
 
 others not pardon’d by the Aft C 50>009 
 of Oblivion. I 
 
 The Amount of thefe is un -1 
 known, but there were, doubtlefs, | 
 very confiderable Sums outftand- j 
 ing and unfettled, for which this 1 
 Aft was pafs'd; Tlhall, however, |! 
 ftace what was obtained only at j 
 
 6. An Aft for a Free and Volun-’ . 
 tary Prefent to his Majefly. This 
 .was like a general Brief through¬ 
 out the Kingdom; and eonfider- 
 ing the Bent of the Times, and 
 
 that many People wanted fuch Op- > 300,009 
 portunitys of . ingratiating them- 'j 
 felves with the Court, its Amount 
 muft have been v^ry large: how- j 
 ever, I lhall charge it only, ac -1 ' 
 cording to Mr. Coke, at J 
 
 7. An Aft for veiling in his Ma-') 
 jefty the Arrears of the Excife, 
 and new Impoft. By this Aft his j 
 Majefly has a Power of profecut- j 
 
 1,112,952 
 
 Brought 
 
Brought ever ‘ .-- 
 
 ing all i-'erfohs, or their Seeuritys; 
 and the Heirs, Executors, and 
 Adminiftrators of thefc, for all 
 Arrears, and Sums, that were 
 chargeable and demandable for 
 thofe Dutys, whilft they fubfifted ; 
 And thefe Perfons again have a 
 Power given them of profecuting 
 others, tp relieve themfelyes in 
 diis Refpea. The Sum that the 
 King obtam’d by this, Mr. Ceke 
 
 L. 
 
 11,r 12,952 
 y 300,000 
 
 Thefe Afts were paflcd the 30th of"^ 
 July i66i, from which the Par- 
 liament was adjourn’d m.the 20th 
 of iVwm^r following, when they 
 likrally p^fs’d, within lefr- than a 
 Month, cliq two following 
 which, a^ngfr others, receiv’d 
 J.c Royal AlTent, tlie 20th of 
 Decemeerj i66i. " 
 
 An Aft for granting unto the! 
 King s Majefty Twelve Hundred I 
 andSixtyThoufand Pounds. This 
 w^ by an AflelTment of Seventy | 
 Thoufand Pounds pr Mogth for f , 
 ^ightcen Months, Cohimentlng 
 Jom the 25^ of December 1661 ■ 
 upon the Credit of it, his 
 Maje% foon rais’d' the greateft 
 Part of this Sum. 
 
£^] 
 
 Brought over —— 
 
 An Aft to enable the King’s'] 
 Majefty to make Leaies, Grants, 
 and Copys of Offices, Lands, Te¬ 
 nements, andHerditantents, Par¬ 
 cel of his Highnefs’s Dutchy of 
 €vnivjttll, or, annex’d to the fame, 
 and for Gdnffimation of Leafes 
 and Grants already made, • This 
 empower’d the King to grant' 
 Leafes for Thirty^one Years, or 
 Three Lives, of the Crown- 
 Lands, in the Dutchy of Cornwall-, 
 the referv’d Rent only not to be 
 lefs than one Quarter of theYearly 
 Value: by y?hich, doubtlefs, very 
 large Siiifis were raised; The old 
 leafes granted by his Father be¬ 
 ing almoft all expir’d ; and many 
 Perfons bidding for the new 
 Grants; fo that I may moderately 
 ftate the Sum^iifii’-d by this at 
 
 L. 
 
 2)672,951 
 
 roa,ooo 
 
 ! 
 
 2,772.952 
 
 ’Tis rquifite to Hate next the Disburfements 
 of the Crown this Year for the Public Services, 
 which, according to the beft Information I can 
 obtain, were nearly as follows. 
 
 No. 
 
[ 7 ^] 
 
 No. lU. 
 
 An Account of the Disburfementi for the 
 Public Services from Chriftmas 1660 to 
 Chriftmas 1661, difinguijh'd under the 
 feveral Articles. 
 
 L. 
 
 I. ’THE Charges of T)imUrlc,\ 
 
 JL which Mr. from the In-( ^ 
 
 formation of feveral Members off 0,000 
 Parliament, eftimates at J 
 
 2. The Ordinary of the Navy and! 
 Ordnance, His Majefty himfelf, 
 in 1678, promis’d the Parliament, 
 if they would fettle an Additional 
 Revenue upon him, to allot Fifty ; 
 Thoufand Pounds /if>- Attnum., for. 
 the future, to this Service; it may, 
 therefore, be fafely prefum’d, that 
 before that Time, it had not coft 
 
 him lb much 5 and that fo early 
 
 as this Year, it did not amount to 
 more than j 
 
 2- The Charges of a Summer-Guard ,1 
 and Cruilers, reckoning Three 
 Thoufand Men, at tht prefent Ex¬ 
 pence of Four Pounds a Man per 
 Month. This is confirm’d by Sir 
 William Petty., who eftimaites the 
 whole Charges of the Navy; that 
 is, including the Ordinary, in this 
 Reign, communihs Annis, at about 
 200 , 000 /. 
 
 40,000 
 
 156,000 
 
 256,000 
 
 Brought 
 
[ 73 ] 
 
 t: 
 
 Brought Over ——256,006 - 
 
 4.-The Pay of one Regiment of) 
 
 Horfe, and of one Regiment of 
 Foot^which, upon disbanding the 
 Army, his Majefly form’d for his 
 own Guard; the Expcnce’of thefe 
 muft dlerf have been lefi than the 
 prefent Pay of the Four Troops )■ 99,667 
 of Life-Guards, and of the Cdld- 
 Regiment of Foot-Guards; 
 
 However, that I may not under- 
 eftiinate''any thing, I fliall charge 
 it at this^ 
 
 The Horfe at 66,568 
 The Foot at 33,299, 
 
 5. Garrifons, Fire, Candle, and Con -1 ^ ^ 
 
 tingencys. 5 
 
 Total 375,667 
 
 And the Refult of the whole 
 Account for the Year, ending at 
 Cbriftma 1661, will Hand thus; 
 
 Receiv’d by the Crown for thc^ 
 Public Services, and Civil Lift, ^ 
 
 Disburs’d for the Public Services, 375 i ^^7 
 
 Remainder, being the Sum ob-"^ 
 tain’d by the Crown for the >2,397,285 
 Civil Lift, • > 
 
 Thefe were the Firjl-Fmts of this L/^a! Par¬ 
 liament, and fuch is the Tory Likrality to the 
 K Crom, 
 
Crown, when the Ppjfejjor of it is after their own 
 Heart-, but, fince the Revolution, they are tlie 
 moft fqtieamijh of People, and have been fright¬ 
 en’d at allowing, the Crown an Arrear of One 
 Hundred and Fifteen Thoufand Pounds, even to 
 fupply- a Deficiency, which the Parliament was 
 
 engag’d to make good.-But it is proper to 
 
 obferve the further Progrels of thefe Gentlemen. 
 
 The Parliament was prorogued from the 20th 
 of December 1661 to the loth of January fol¬ 
 lowing, where they perform’d many noble Ac¬ 
 tions againft the Rights, and Freedom of their 
 Country; But'their Pecuniary Exploits being 
 what I am at prefent to fet forth, it is neceffary 
 to give, 
 
 , No. IV. 
 
 jln Account of the Neat Produce of the 
 ■ Settled Revenue, and of the other Sums 
 
 -granted to King Charles the Second, from 
 Chriftmas 1661 to Chriftmas 1662. 
 
 Cuftoms, then farm’dj 
 J. at about J 
 
 L. 
 
 350,00® 
 
 2. The Hereditary and Temporary ? 
 Excife, then farm’d at ^ 
 
 275>952 
 
 3. The Wine-Licences, 
 
 7,000 
 
 4. The fmall Branches, including? 
 the Poft-Officc i 
 
 130,000 
 
5. An A&. for eftablifliing an Ad-' 
 ditional Revenue upon his Maje- 
 jefty, his Heirs and Succeflbrs, for 
 the better Support of his and their 
 Crown and Dignity. 
 
 This was the Hearth-Tax, 
 which, until the King had a Power 
 of collefting by his own Officers, 
 
 I muft be fo fair to acknowledge, ► 
 produc’d only about OneHundred 
 Thoufand Pounds perAmum, dio’ 
 after this Power was granted to 
 his Majefly, as it was very foon, 
 its Annual Produce was more than 
 double that Sum; the firft Half- 
 yearly Payment of this Duty was 
 due, and levy’d at Michaelmas in 
 this Year. 
 
 6, An A£i: direfting the Profecution 1 
 of fuch as are accountable for 
 
 Prizii-Goods. 
 
 By this Adi all Prize-Moneys, 
 or Goods, fince the Year 1642, 
 which were unfettled and unde¬ 
 termin’d, were veiled in his Ma- 
 jelty: This comprehended many 
 very confiderable Captures belong¬ 
 ing to our brave Seamen, that 
 they had taken in the Common¬ 
 wealth-War with ih.zj)utch^ and 
 
L. 
 
 8i 2,956 
 
 50,000 
 
 ■ _ %ought©ver - 
 in the ProteSief^ War with the 1 
 Spaniards zxs^Portuguefe. And it is I 
 laid in the A6t, that thefe would, }' 
 probably, amount to confiderable ' 
 
 Sums of Money ; and they may 
 therefore be very moderately fta- 
 ted at — - , / 
 
 7 - An M for the more fpecdy andl 
 elicaual bringing thofe JPerfons to i 
 Account, whole Accounts are ex- • 
 cepted in the Adi of Oblivion. 
 
 As this feems to be only an En- 0,00,000 
 of a former Adi pafs’d ^ 
 
 (Article 5. No. 11.) 
 
 1 lhall not charge any thing here 
 to Its Amount. 
 
 8. An Adi for ordering the Forces! 
 in the feveral Countys of this f 
 Kingdom. j 
 
 His Majelty was empower’d, I 
 ^ this Aft, upon any apparent ^ 
 
 Hanger of the Government, off 
 vmich he was left the Judge, to 
 raile Seventy Thoulknd Pounds 
 for Three Years, by 
 an Afleflment, for defraying the 
 Expence of any Part of the Mili. 
 tia, helhouldin fuch Cafe think 
 This, according 
 to my Apprehenfion, was a Vote 
 
 210,00© 
 
 Total 
 
 1,072,952 
 
( 77 1 
 
 cf Credit ; or an Additional Grant 
 fo the Civil Ufi, under the Ap~ 
 parance .of a Vote ofCredif. A^,' 
 as Article of diis Sort haye been 
 the grand Topic of Cenfure, of 
 late Years, it is proper to tjc ■ 
 known; that the Precedent of 
 them was/ry? introduc’d araongft 
 us by t^is ‘Toij Parliament. 
 
 Total L. 1,072,952 
 
 The Smallnels of this Sum, confidering the 
 liberality of thele Gentlemen, I mull confels, fur- 
 priz’d me at firft ; and I could not help won¬ 
 dering what Accident had diverted them from 
 their former Speed.^ and his Majefty from his ufual 
 Craving. I obferv’d, that the Parliament was 
 prorogued from the 17th of in this Year, 
 when thefe A6ts receiv’d the Royal Aflent, to 
 the (8th of February following, which is a con- 
 fiderable Advance into another Year; But f foon 
 recollcfted that his Majefty was employ’d in 
 felling Dunkirk to the French King the latter 
 End of this Surntper, and receiv’d a large Por¬ 
 tion with his Queen the Infanta of Portugal-y 
 The Amount of thefe two Sums is, therefore, to 
 be added to the former Articles; and the whole 
 Account of his Majefty’s Receipts from Chrift- 
 mas 1661 tfiChrifimut wll ftand thus; 
 
 A. 
 
 The Amount of thn Eight Articles 
 before fpecify’d, - 
 
 Receiv’d by the Sale of Dimkirkf]^ 
 
 (befides the French King’s en -1 
 gaging for his Sifter’s Portion to I 
 
 Brought 
 
L. 
 
 1,07/,952 
 
 [78] 
 
 Brought over ' v 
 the Duke of Orleans ) Five Mil- j 
 lions of Livresi which then at 
 about Twelve Pence each, though ^ 
 fince reduc’d, amounted to j 
 
 250,000 
 
 Receiv’d for Qatta Calbarine'i Por¬ 
 tion about 
 
 300,000 
 
 1,622,952 
 
 No. V. 
 
 'jh Account of the Disburfements for the 
 Public Services from Chriftmas 1661 to 
 Chriftmas 1662, d^inguifo'd under the 
 feveral Articles, 
 
 I, "T" H E Charges of Dunkirk, 
 
 1 which, though it was deliver’d / 
 to the French before the End of ) 60,000 
 
 this Year, I lhall ftate at the full I 
 Expenc e, ■ ■ ■ - J 
 
 2 The Charge* of Tangier, which"! 
 Sir William Petty, in his Ve R -1 
 BUM Sapienti, eftimatcs, •* 
 iommmihus Annis, exclufive ofj 
 the Charge of the Mole, which | 
 was fcarce yet begun upon at j 
 
 60,000 
 
 Total 120,000 
 
 Brought 
 
 I 
 
[79] 
 
 Brought over 
 
 2. The Ordinary of the Navy and I 
 Ordnance, * 
 
 4. The Expence of Lord Sandwich's\ 
 Squadron of eighteen Men of War 
 thisYear to Lisbon Part of which 
 brought home the new Queen, 
 and the Reft, under Sir John 
 Lawfon attack’d the Algtrines : 
 If we reckon the whole Number 
 of Seamen employ’d this Year at 
 Six Thoufand Men, and thefe at 
 Four Pounds a Man pr Month, 
 tho’ it is too much, the Amount is. 
 
 5. The Horfe and Foot-Guards, as > 
 before, though too much, 
 
 6. Garrifons, Fire, Candle, and Con- ? 
 
 tingencys, ^ 
 
 7. The Sum of Sixty Thoufandl 
 Pounds to the poor Cavalkr Of¬ 
 ficers: this was dlreded to be 
 paid them, by an Aft of Parlia¬ 
 ment pafs’d this Seflion, entitled, 
 An AU far Biftributitn of Three- 
 fcore Thoufand Pounds amongji the 
 truly hyal and indigent Officers., } 
 out of the AirdTment of One 1 
 Million, Two Hundred and Six- 1 
 
 L. 
 
 120,000 
 
 40,009 
 
 312,009 
 
 99,667 
 
 20,000 
 
 60,009 
 
 Tptal 651,667 
 
tjr tlioufand Pounds, granted to 
 die King laflrScffion-. It is verf ; 
 ebferyable, thaC the OppofiriM: 
 of die Lords and Commons to , 
 the King in 164a, is in this Aft 
 call’d a IkriiiromRd)etlio}^\‘ th(^ 1 
 the Convention in 1660^- and all 
 that regard the RigHtS' of l^cf i 
 People, that gift OpJ- 1 
 
 pofition, before the EstcMon ofl 
 the'Majority of the-MfelnbelS'of : 
 the Houfa of CommoBfi-} j: 
 
 It will be admitted, F bdifeve,- by ewrjr CJdn- 
 tleman, who- is at alh ve^d in'tlirfeSul^efts, 
 that I have* by- no Means fuppf^d,. or ditfti- 
 nifh’d, any Articles of the Expences of the 
 Crown for the Public Services:} Iff difobvOT 
 any Warmth againft- f-ory FPitu^s^ and; ^orj 
 ConduSi^ I am for from being biafs’d by it into 
 any unfair Reprefcntation; of Fafti,, which arO 
 every wheret deliver’d according to the beft'-of 
 my Knowledge: I beg Pardon for this Digret 
 fion, and return’ to examine the Refulc of the 
 whole Account of tht'Receipts-' of the: Crown, 
 and of its Disburfements fop the^Year; ending 
 at Chrjimas i-66’i 
 
 Z. 
 
 Receiv’d by the Crowff^ for' they ^ 
 
 Pubhc Services and- Civil LiftV^ 22,952 
 
 Disbursdl fop the Public SciVicesi 65;!,667 
 
 Remainder, being the Civil Lift > 
 
 Revefluei S 97 5 
 
[8i ] 
 
 •Tis :proper to examine, the Receipts and 
 Disburfements of one Year more. 
 
 The Parliament met the iStli of febrmt^ 
 1662, and the following is. 
 
 No. VI. 
 
 Ai Account of the Neat Produce of the 
 Settled Revenue, and of the other Sums, 
 granted to King Charles the Second from 
 Chriftmas 1662 to Chriftmas 1663. 
 
 2. The Excife, then farm’d at 
 
 275,952 
 
 3. The Wine-Licences, —— —• 
 
 7,000, 
 
 4. The fmall Branches, including the 2 
 Poft-Office,,--- i 
 
 130,000 
 
 5. The Hearth-Tax, —— 
 
 100,000 
 
 6. An Aft for granting four entire^ 
 Subfidys to his Majefty by theQ 
 
 . Temporalty, —^ 
 
 7, An Aft for confirming of four^ 
 Subfidys granted by the Clergy; / 
 
 1,200,000 
 
 
 2,062,952 
 
 I. 
 
 Brought 
 
[ 8 ^ ] 
 
 L 
 
 Brought over ?■ w — zfi6z,^52 
 
 Thefe Two comprehended al 
 very drift Land -Tax of Four I 
 Shilfings in the Pound, which,! 
 though it is faid m have been f 
 fomewhat evaded, I apprehend, j 
 muft have amounted to this Sum. j 
 
 An ^planatory Aft for Rko-T 
 VCTy of the Arrears of Excife; j 
 Tjiis being only to render more' 
 fffeftual an Aft before paffed, 00,000 
 (Article the 7th, N. II.) I fliall 
 c^rge nothing here for its A- 
 mount. -rr-rr? 
 
 Total 2,062,952 
 
 Thefe Afts atere pais’d the ^ of JuaSt an 4 
 27th of July 1663, from which laftDay the 
 Parliament wa? jjrorggjjed to the itSth d Msrcfi 
 Soliowing. It is oblervable, that the King this 
 Year gave the Wine-Licences and Poft-Officc 
 to the Puke of Teti, nnd a few Year* after re¬ 
 lum’d them again: However, thefe are both to be 
 conlider’das die Reyenije of the Grown, and are 
 paid for accordingly by the People, whatever 
 be his Majclly’s Method of dlfppling of them. 
 
 No., 
 
[ 83 ] 
 
 No. VIIv 
 
 An AccoMt of the Dt^urjements for -.the 
 Public Services ftm GhridrAas 1662 to 
 Ckifttiias 1663, diflin^ijlfd under the 
 feveral Articks, 
 
 1. '■T'AI^QIER^ Whitft,' m thelt 
 
 I Prbjefl: 6f the ihhrir 
 might be began', I ffial] flattr * 
 at doublt the fehflei^ orj 
 
 2. The Oidinay of the sln 3 1 
 
 Ordnancfe, *-ai. '.ina-. S 4 ^» 9 oo 
 
 5.The Changes' 6f a Summer’s Guard, 
 and Cruifers, reckoning Three I 
 Thoufand M«f, at Pbuf fbdn^l 
 a M&nper Moftths 
 
 156,000 
 
 4. The Pay- of Ohe Re^ffteftt of } 
 
 Horfe-Guards, aftd 6f 0 M R^»> ^,667 
 
 gimentof Foot-Guards, j 
 
 5. ^tilbht, Fire, Cdndfev arid COfit | 
 
 tingencys, ■ ■* ' *■ « —* ’ 
 
 Dunhtrk was delivePd to‘ the.i7;l«fil 
 King-.the iatter £i.nd of laft Yeary i 
 
 and I find no Account of any 
 Extraordinary Expence that was 
 incurr’d this Year, unlefs it was 
 
 435^667 
 
 Brought 
 
L. 
 
 Brought over . —-—• 435*667 
 
 the Hay of the En^lijh 1 roops, 
 that had' been in Garriion at Dun¬ 
 kirk ; and upon the relinquifhing y 
 of that Town to the French, were ' 
 fent into Portugal, and there afted 
 as Auxiliarys under the Command 
 of Count Schomberg againll the ' 
 
 Spaniards-, t\as yeas at the Infti- ■ 
 gation of the French, and in Pur- 
 luance of a private Agreement 
 with the King of Portugal: their 
 Pay, if it is to be added as a ' • ' 
 
 ■ Public Charge, might be about j 
 
 Total 475,667 
 
 The Refult, therefore, of the whole 
 Account of the Receipte of the 
 Crown, and of its Disburfements, 
 for the Year ending at Chrijtms 
 1663, is to be thus fettled i 
 
 Receiv’d by the Crown for the * 
 
 Public Services, and Civil Lift, ^ 2*062,95^ 
 
 Disburs’d for die Public Services, 475,667 
 
 Remainder, being the Civil Lift 
 
 Revenue, _ 
 
 1*587,285 
 
 The 
 
The next Year’ the Parliament gave the King 
 a Power of collefting t]\t Hearth-fax by his own 
 Officers, which immediately rais’d -the. Produce 
 of that Duty to about 160,000 1 . per Jnnum^ and 
 it went on further increafmg; befides this, about 
 the End of this Year, they granted the King a 
 Royal i^d of 2,477,500/. tor the Defence of 
 the Nation, and his other Occafions. This was 
 indeed given in Expeftation of the Dutch War, 
 which was declared the 2 2d of February, 1664; 
 and as it is difficult to determine, how much of 
 this vaft Sum, and "of the other Extraordi¬ 
 nary Aids, was applied by his Majefty.tothc 
 Ufes of the War, I ffiall proceed no further in 
 attempting to ftate his Civil Lt/l^ Revenue-, but 
 only-beg leave to obferve, that it was generally 
 efteemed one of the chief Motives to his Maje- 
 fty’s engaging in this War, that he fliould be a- 
 ble to obtain confiderable Sums out of the Sup- 
 plys, for his own private Purpofes; and it is cer¬ 
 tain, that in Schemes-oi this Sort his Majefty 
 took particular Care never to be miftaken I 
 have before mentioned the Reproach that befel 
 us at Chatham, which was owing to his pocket¬ 
 ing eighteen hundred thoufand Pounds that Ihould 
 have fitted out the Navy; it muft therefore be 
 admitted, that a Computation of his Civil Lijl 
 Money from a Medium of the three firft Years 
 and-an half, when he was engaged in no War, 
 and whilft the Produce of his lettled Revenue, 
 was not half what it afterwards amounted to, 
 will be a very low and moderate Eftimate ; and 
 therefore I lhall now ftate it accordingly from the 
 foregoing Accounts. 
 
L. 
 
 The Civil Lift Revenue for the) 
 firftHalf Year after foe Refto-> i)i20,6do 
 ration, ending at GbrifiimSi 1 660. 3 
 
 The fame, for the Year ending at'J 
 Chriftmas, 1661, hsiag the Firji- ^ 2495^,285 
 Fruits of the Tory Parliment. J 
 
 The fame for the Year endifig at, 
 
 Cbrijimas, 1662.- — ^ 
 
 The fame, for the Y^r ending at?, i, 
 Chrijimas, 1663. ^ 1.537,2S5 
 
 Total 6,075,855 
 
 Which Sum of 6,075,80 /. for three Years 
 and an Half, is after the Rate of one MUian fe^ 
 ven hundred and thirty five iboufand inHe hundred 
 for one Year. And this riiay be fair* 
 ly ftated as, upon a Medium, the annual Civil 
 Revenue after foe Reftoration. 
 
 The Sum is indeed extravagantly large. But 
 whoever accurately examines foe Accounts of 
 fois Reign, Will find it is by rto means exaggera- 
 ted; on one hand, is to be remeinbred his Mt- 
 jeftfs infatiable petite for Mmey, and his w- 
 cus ^ewtei for procuring it} on thettheri the 
 forw^d Uheredity of his Fory Commons } after 
 foe End of foe foft DuitB fFdr, when his Ma-* 
 jefty could no more demand any Sums on 
 that Pretence, he ftarted foe Triple Alli- 
 .ANCE, and required exorbitant Supplys, in or- 
 
[ 87 ] 
 
 der to keep the Pe^ce and his Commons very 
 jreadily graf)ted him dpoft th?lee mieljons 
 STER nuc,, for ,;h5, Support of this .league; 
 the J^(|s upon this;Occai]lRil were quite 
 at the Profufjpn of dje Commons ■, and Itord 
 l,ms, in his Majffty’s ow Prefence, thus free¬ 
 ly complained of their extravagant jBounty. «/» 
 “ ibis laild Way., lays his Lordlhip, wf have no 
 “ Certainty at all\ for if you give thus mtich TV 
 “ <%’> yoti may give as much more To-morrow^ 
 “ and n^tr leave gmng, till w have given all 
 that mr we hm aw^;Jt is tbere- 
 ‘8 fore nefejfary to be 4 k to make fame Efiimate of 
 “ curjekef, would his Majefy be pleafed to have a 
 “ garter of our Ef^tes ? For part he jhall 
 “ have it. Would he be pkafed to have half? 
 “ For n>y part, upon good Qccqfion, he fhallhave 
 “ it hit then let ut hm fime 4 ffurances of the 
 “ qmu Enjoyment of tlte Rmmder, and know 
 what we have to tru/l to. Ihe Commons have 
 “ here f^t up a fiill for the giving his Majefiy the 
 “ twentieth Part of. our Efiates ; and I bear there 
 “ are other Bills alfo preparing, which together will 
 ^8 atnmtt to little lefs t^ three AEUions of Mo~ 
 n^. 4 prodigious Sum I 4 nd fuck, that if your 
 >“ Lordlhip (tfford no. Relief, we mvft fink under 
 “ the Weight of it ; I hope therefore your Lardfhips 
 will fet fame Bounds to the over liberal Humour 
 of the Cotmons." In Ihort, his Majefty was 
 perpetually craving, and the Commons were 
 goring Ihm j and whether he was in War or 
 Peatte, he never wanted Pretence for asking, nor 
 the epmmous for giving, excelTive Supplys. 
 
 I lhall not dwell upon the Bribes which his 
 received from the French Court, as 
 feven 
 
[88] 
 
 Seven Hundred Thoufand Pounds for engaging 
 in the fecond Butch Warand, as it was. gene¬ 
 rally fuppos’d, about as much more for refufing 
 to pals the Bill of Exclufwns befides his conftant 
 ordinary Penfion from that Crown. ■ But I beg 
 Leave to infift a little upon two of hisMaje- 
 ' fly's Pecuniary Exploits, viz. The Ihutting up of 
 the Exchequer, and The Sale of the Crown- 
 Lands. 
 
 The firft of thefe Aftions was an infamous 
 ■Robbery of his Majefty’s Creditors to the A- 
 mount of fhirteen Hundred and twenty ^ eight. 
 thoufand. Five Hundred, and Twenty-Jix 
 Pounds, whereby. Thoufands of Familys were 
 ruin’d ; and it is proper to be remember’d, that 
 the Advifer * of this Scheme, inftead of being 
 impeach'd, and expos’d to the National Cehfure, 
 was created a Peer, and made High-Treafurer 
 of England, upon the foie Merit of it: All 
 which was in thofe Days filently acquiefc’d in 
 by a Parliament. 
 
 The Sale of the Crown-Lands, purfuant to an 
 Aft for that Purpofe in the Year 1670, brought 
 in, as Mr. Coke fays, about Thirteen Hundred 
 Thoufand Pounds, or probably upwards; con- 
 fidering that the Rent paid to the Crown was 
 Seventy Thoufand Pounds per Annum, befidcs 
 
 Reverfions; which, at Twenty Yca.rs Purchafe, 
 amounts to Fourteen Hundred Thoufand Pounds: 
 And I mention this likewife, that it may always 
 be remember’d, that the, depriving of the Crown 
 of its antient Patrimony, and thereby throwing 
 upon the People the whole Burthen of its Main- 
 tainance 
 
 Clip'ori. 
 
[ 89 ] . . . 
 
 tamnce, was the and, Beed of a Tory 
 Parliament. 
 
 I fliall only add one Word more upon the 
 Subjeft of his Majefty’s Civil Lift Money: It 
 appears that in the Year 1675, the Majority of 
 the Commons being then Whigs,, and having 
 made all Enquiry into the. Public Accounts, the 
 Houfe found that the King, befides enjoying the 
 Produce of his fettled Revenue, had receiv’d a 
 Million for the Ufes of the War more than he 
 had expended in it: And “ In the Report made 
 “ of this Affair, {k)'skapin) it was laid, that 
 “ the Pai'liament was not oblig’d to pay the 
 “ King’s private Debts by a Tax: for, if this 
 “ Pretenfion was admitted, they would have to 
 “ pay the like Debts about a Year and half 
 “ hence;, and fo encourage tht Court to exaht 
 “ yearly a MlUon and half as the) had hitherto 
 " done ; that fince the End of the War, the 
 “ whole Charge of the Government, both by 
 “ Sea and Land, amounted not to above Seven 
 “ Hundred Thoiifand Pounds Sterling', and the 
 ‘‘ clear Income of the Revenue came at lead to 
 “ Sixteen Hundred Lhoufand Pounds Sterling: 
 “ And coniequentiy, there ought to have been 
 “ a Yearly Remainder of near a Million.'^ 
 
 From whence it is obfervable, 1. That the 
 King had annually exafted from the Parliament 
 about ce Million and half. 2. That the Pro¬ 
 duce of his Revenue was then greatly increas’d, 
 amounting to Sixteen Hundred Thoufand Pounds 
 ■per Annum. 3. That the Expences of the Go¬ 
 vernment, in which, I apprehend, were of courfe 
 included the Salarys of Officers, Ambafiadors, 
 
 M £s?r. 
 
[ 9 ° ] 
 
 t^c. Wc, which are now confider’d ^ Charges 
 upon riie Civil Lift, Seven Hundred fhoufand 
 Pounds per Annum-, the Number of difdplin’d 
 Forces being by this Time increas’d beyond the 
 two Regiments of Guards, which were firft efta- 
 blilh’d: And, if from this Sum be deduced 
 One Hundred fhoufand Pounds per Annum for 
 the Articles which belong to the Civil Lift, the 
 Whole Amount of the Public Expcnce w?^ then 
 Six Hundred fhoufand Pounds per Annum ; which 
 is confirm’d by Sir William Petty, in his Political 
 Arithmetic, Page the 103d, who, Ipeaking of 
 this Reign, fays, “ fhe ordinary Charge of the 
 “ Government, in Times of deep and ferens Peace,^ 
 « was not Six Hundred fhoufand Pounds per An~ 
 “ numy So that if this Sum be fubftradd from 
 the Produce of the fettled Revenue, there will 
 be a Mllion left clear for hisMajefty’s Civil 
 Lift 5 •— hejides what he otmuedfy exaSled from 
 
 Parliament. --After this, I prefumc, the 
 
 'Reader will be fully fatisfy’d of theModefty of 
 the foregoing Eftimate of the Civil lifi Revenue 
 in this Reign, at One Mllion, Seven Hundred and 
 Thirty-five fhoufand. Nine Hundred Pounds per 
 Annum. 
 
 ,1 corte next to confider the Annual Income 
 of the People at the Reftoration : This is va- 
 rioufly eftimatcd by different Authors, as muft 
 naturally be expefted from the great Variety 
 and Magnitude of the Circumftancesj a very 
 fmall Difference in the firft Principles making 
 a very large Difagrcement in the Conclufion. 
 Sir William Petty,- in his Verhum Sapienti, which 
 he wrote fbon after the Reftoration, fays, Page 5, 
 That the Number of People in England and 
 ■ Wales 
 
Wales was then about Six Millions } and that 
 their Annual Expence, upon a Medium, at about 
 Six Pounds, thirteen SUllings and Four Pence 
 per Head, amounted to Forty Millions. He then 
 reckons the Rent of the Lands of England and 
 Wales, without the Houfing, to be Eight Ml- 
 lions per Annum •, he computes the Value of all 
 the Houfing in England and Wales at thirty 
 Millions i the Value of the Shipping at three 
 Millions of the Livestock of Cattle, 
 
 Deer, Swine, Filh, lAc. upon the faid Land, at 
 thirty-fix Millions j the Gold and Silver Coin, 
 fcarce Six Millionsy the reft of the Perfonal 
 Stock, comprehending Wares, Merchandizes, and 
 Utenfils of Plate and Furniture, thirty-one Mil¬ 
 lions : So that the Value of the Houfing, and 
 all the reft of the Swek, he eftimates at One 
 Hundred and Six Mllons Sterling : And adding 
 the Value of the Eight Millions of Land at 
 Eighteen Years Purchafe, or One Hundred and 
 Forty-four Mllions, the Amount of the whole 
 Stock of England and Wales, including the Land, 
 he makes to be two Hundred and Fifty Millions 
 Sterling. 
 
 Again, this One Hundred and Six Mllions 
 Value in Stock, exclufive of the Land, he com¬ 
 putes to yield about Seven Mllions per Annum: 
 So that the. Annual Income of the Land and 
 Stock was Fifteen Millions:^ And the remaining 
 twenty-fine Mllions, wanting to make up the 
 Forty MtlUons, at which he reckons the Ex¬ 
 pence of the Nation, he fuppofes to be gain’d 
 by Labour: But the fame (^ntleman. Page the 
 75th of \m Political Arithmetic, fays, That the 
 whole Number of People in Gnat Britain and 
 M 2 Ire- 
 
[ 9 *] 
 
 Ireland, appear’d, from the Excife, Poll-Tax, 
 and Hearth-Tax, to be Nine Millions and an 
 half-, of which, as he eftimates the Number iit 
 Ireland to have been about One Million, One Hufh 
 dred Hooujand ; and that of all Scotland to be a- 
 bout as many; It follows that the Number of Peor 
 pie in England and Wales was upwards of Seven 
 Millions. This was fully confirm’d by the 
 Hearth-Books, which Ihew'd the whole Number 
 of Houfes in England and Wales., foon after the 
 Reftoration, to be about One Million, Two Hun¬ 
 dred and Thirty Thoufand; And reckoning Six 
 perfons, at a Medium, to each Houfe, it fixes the 
 whole Number of our People, at that Period, to 
 be about Seven Millions, 
 
 As to the Quantity of our Coin at that Time, 
 Dr. Davenant, from the Evidence of the Money 
 brought in to be recoin’d, and other proper 
 Accounts, determines. Page the 33d of the 
 Second Volume of his Difeourfes on the Public 
 Revenues, That the Coin of England at the Ae- 
 Jloration was Fourteen Millions Sterling, This 
 differs, it is true, very widely from Sir William 
 Petty, who, as well as moft other Gentlemen, 
 before the Recoinage of our Clipp’d Money, 
 entertain’d an Opinion, that the Quantity of 
 Coin in this Kingdom was very inconfiderable: 
 This they abuntiantly fortify’d themfelves in, 
 by their Ingenuity in demonllrating, how eafily 
 a very fmall Sum, by circulating fwiftly thro’ 
 different Hands, might be a Medium fufficient 
 for carrying on all our .Bufinefs. Mr. Lowndes, 
 in his Reyiort, Page the io8th, eftimates the 
 whole Quantity of tiie Silver Coins, clipp’d and 
 un- 
 
unclipp’d, hoarded and current, in England in 
 1695, to be Five Millions^ Six Hundred thou- 
 fand Pounds-, which, within two Years after, at 
 the Recoinage, appear’d to be Nme Millions 
 Sterling. However, this happen’d to be a very 
 fortunate Miftake for this Kingdom : For a 
 longer Delay of the Recoinage mufl: have been 
 attended with the molt fatal Mifehiefs; And tha 
 Opinion, which prevail’d, of the fmall Quan¬ 
 tity of our Coin, was an Encouragement to 
 fonie, more than better Arguments, of the i^rac- 
 ticablenefs, as well as Expediency, of an imme¬ 
 diate Remedy. 
 
 It was happy for Britain, at that impr- 
 tant Crifts, that the Great Mn. Moun- 
 TAG u E prefided at the treafury: His excellent 
 Reafoning animated the Attempt, and fix’d the 
 Model of this vaft Undertaking. The Torrent 
 of bafe Money pour’d into the Mints beyond 
 all Eftimation, and Provifion for its Deficiency, 
 no way perplex’d his fuperior Genius; and whilft 
 others were giddy with the Precipices on every 
 Side, he almoft alone was calm and ferene; 
 and direfted theWhole with irrefifrible Strength, 
 and unerring Difcernment. An Accoraplifliment, 
 the greateft that was ever perform’d by any 
 Minifter! Let it always be remember’d with the 
 warmed Gratitude, and endear the Name of 
 H A L, L I FA X to Britain: And though the 
 Statues of Gold, that he merited, were 
 not rais’d to his Memory, yet every Piece from 
 
 that Mint is a M e d a l to his G l 0 ry.- 
 
 Nor is it any Diminution of his immortal Fame, 
 that he was foon after perfecuted by tory 
 Faftion; who, having exerted their utmod Efr 
 forts to perplex, and defeat the Recoinage, ne- 
 
Dut, whillt the Loin was yet blooming, brought 
 i fandalous Impeachment againft Him, and 
 die Great and ViMous Lord Or- 
 rORD. 
 
 After this Digreffion, I return again to con- 
 fider Dr. Lieuermth Eftimates j who, though he 
 feems juftly to have determin’d, from the Ac¬ 
 counts of the Mints, and other Obfervations, the 
 Quantity of the Coin in this Kingdom, at the 
 Reftoration, to be Fourteen Millions Sterling, yet 
 has, by no Means, apprehended rightly the 
 Quantity of our other Stock at the fame Peri¬ 
 od i for, Page the 27th of the fame Volume, 
 he eftimates the Amount of all our Stock in 
 1660, comprehending Gold and Silver Coin, 
 Wrought Hate, Bullion, Rings, Jewels, Fur¬ 
 niture, Apparel, Shipping, Stock for Trade, 
 Stock - for Confumption, and Live Stock of 
 Cattle to be Fifty-fix Millions: But, as he 
 Ihews our Coin only to have been then Four¬ 
 teen Millions, the Remainder, which is Forty- 
 two Millions, or thrice the Value of our Coin, 
 is all that he has left for the Amount of our 
 whole Stock befides: whereas, it may fafely be 
 judg’d, that this Amount was more than twenty 
 times as great as the Value of our Coin only, 
 or upwards of Two Hundred and Eighty Mi¬ 
 ltons ; which I fhall thus eafily Ihew tq be ex-, 
 tremely probable. 
 
 If you go into the Houfe of the meaneft Cot¬ 
 tager, you will find fome Sort of Furniture with¬ 
 in, befides hisownTools, and generally Ibme little 
 Stock without Doors. All which together may be 
 worth 
 
[ 95 ] 
 
 worth 2 '/&r« or Four Pounds, or probably much more, 
 tho’ this Man lhall never have Five Shillings by him 
 at once throughout the Year, and (me Time with 
 another not near Shepence. If you go into a 
 Farmer's Houfe and examine his Circumftances, 
 you will find he has fcldom more by him in Mo¬ 
 ney than thirty or Forty Shillings, if fo much 
 except for a few Days after a Fair, and till he 
 has carried it to his landlord; whereas his con- 
 ftant Stock in his Houfe, in his Barns, in the 
 Ground, and hisLive Stock of Cattle of all Kinds, 
 lhall be worth or Four Hundred Pounds. If 
 you go into a common Shopkeeper’s Houfe, you 
 will feldom find more than fen or twelve Pounds 
 in the Till, though at the lame Time the Stock 
 in his Shop is worth two or three Hundred Poundt. 
 If you examine the Houfes of wholefale Dealers, 
 you will find fuch as are worth ten or twelve 
 thoufand Pounds, and upwards, have feldom 
 more than two or three Hundred Pounds in Calh 
 lying by them j and Merchants worth twenty or 
 Y&lr/y thoufand Pounds, who have the moft Oc- 
 eafion for Money at Command, will feldom 
 keep more than a thoufand, or Fifteen Hu»> 
 drea Pounds in Calh at their Bankers, and much 
 lels than this Sum in general. And laftly, if you 
 enquire into the State of Gentlemens Houfes, 
 from Peers to thofe of the loweft Rank, it will 
 be found that the ready Money they have by 
 them, is a very fmall Part of the Value of their 
 Plate, Furniture, and Stock of all Kinds. As to 
 the Calh that lies with the Bankers, I have before 
 diftributed that to the Merchants; and fo far 
 are thefe Bankers from keeping any of their 
 own Money by them, that it is certain they keep 
 but a Part only of wlut is depofited in their 
 Hands 
 
Hands by other Perfons; without which they 
 woiild have no Advantage: So that in the whole 
 Circle of ^People of all Degrees, the Sum lying 
 by them in ready Cafh is a very fmall Part, not 
 one Twentieth, it is probable, of their whole 
 Stock} that is, of the whole Stock of the King¬ 
 dom: And therefore, as this has always been 
 the Cafe, if, at the Rejioration, the Coin in the 
 Kingdom was about Fourteen Millions, as it 
 appears to have been, it is probable that the 
 Value of all the reft of the Stock was then, at 
 the. common Market-Price, Two Hundred and 
 Eighty Millions Sterling. 
 
 I might from hence endeavouf to point out 
 the Income of this Stock, and add to it the In¬ 
 come of the Land-, and to thefe afterwards join 
 the Amount of the Income that was gain’d by 
 Lahottr ; all which together would be the whole 
 Amount of the Annual Income of the Peofle-, 
 but as Eftimates of this Sort require much Ex¬ 
 planation, in order to carry with them a proper 
 Conviftion, it is neceflary in this Place to purfue 
 a Ihorter Method. If therefore the whole Num¬ 
 ber of. the People in England and Wales-, at the 
 Refloration, was Seven Millions, and the annual 
 Expence of each, at a Medium, was then about 
 Six Pounds, Ten Shillings, which is nearly agree¬ 
 able to Sir William Petty’s Computation in his 
 Verhm Sapienti, it follows, that their whole an¬ 
 nual Expence was Forty-five Millions and an 
 Half Sterling. But all Perfons that are verfed in 
 Speculations of this Sort, however they differ in 
 other Points, unanimoully agree, that the Trade 
 and Manufailures of this Kingdom in general, 
 were then in increafing Circumftances; and Dr. 
 
 Have- 
 
[ 97 ] 
 
 Davenant^ in his Eflay on the Balance of Trade, 
 page 103. fays, that Mr. Gregory King had efti- 
 mated upon tiic moft probable Grounds, that 
 the annual Increment of our Stock about the 
 Year 1664, was One Million, Two Hundred 
 Thoufand Pounds, and was ftill going on with 
 an accumulated Augmentation. This Rate of 
 increafe being admitted, though it feeras much 
 too low, it follows, that the whole AnnualTncomt 
 of the King and People of this Realm, foon 
 after the Reftoration, was about Forty-fix Mil¬ 
 lions, Seven Hundred Thoufand Pounds Sterling, 
 or One Million, Two Hundred Thoufand Pounds 
 per Annum more than their Expence. But the 
 Annual Income belonging to the King only, or 
 the Civil Lift Revenue at that Time, was One 
 Million, Seven Hundred and Thirty-five Thoufand, 
 Nine Hundred Pounds, therefore dedufting this 
 from Forty-fix Millions, Seven Hundred Thoufand 
 pounds, the Remainder, or Forty-four Millions, 
 Nine Hundred Sixty-four Thoufand, One Hundred 
 Pounds, was the Income that belong’d to the 
 Pullic-, and the Civil Lift Revenue at that Time, 
 was to the Revenue belonging to the Public, as 
 One Million, Seven Hundred Thirty-five Thoufand, 
 Nine Hundred Pounds, to Forty-four Millions, 
 Nine Hundred Sixty-four Thoufand, One Hundred 
 Pounds-, or as i, to 26 nearly in whole Number*. 
 
 James the Second fuccecdcd his Brother on 
 the 6th of February 168 1 , and foon afterwards 
 fummoned a Parliament, which met on the 19th 
 of May following, when thefe Revenue-Mis 
 were difpatch’d through both Houfes in a few 
 Days, and received the Royal Afient. 
 
ift. An Aft for fettling the Revenue on his 
 Majefty for his Life, which was fettled on hij 
 late Majefty for his IJfe. 
 
 zd, An Ad for granting to his M^efty an 
 Impofition upon all Wines and Tinegar import¬ 
 ed between the 24th of June, 1S85, and the 
 14th of June, 1693. 
 
 2d, An Adi for granting to his Nfejefly an 
 Impofition upon all Tobacco and Sugar itnMrt- 
 ed between the 24th oi June, 1685, and the 
 24thof7a»e, 1693. 
 
 ^h. An Adi for granting an Aid to his JMa- 
 jelfy, by an Impofition on all Frencl) Linens, 
 and all Linen, and feverd other Ma- 
 
 nufadhires of In^a, and on all French wrought 
 Silks and Stu^ and on all other wrought SiUu, 
 and on all Brandys imported after die ift Day 
 Jv^, 1685, and before the ift Day Ju¬ 
 ly, 1690. 
 
 And the clear fetded Revenue poflefled by this 
 Monarch, flood thus, as appears by the fol¬ 
 lowing Account of it delivered into the Houfe 
 of Commons foon after (be Revolution. 
 
[99] 
 
 No. VIII. 
 
 An Account of the Annual Produce of the 
 chief Branches of the Revenue, clear of 
 all Charges in the ColleBion, at the Time 
 of King James’j Abdication. 
 
 ift. The Tonnage and Poundage T 
 including the Wood Parm, Coal ^ 
 Farm and Salt Farm, - 3- 
 
 600,000 
 
 id. The Hereditary and Tempo- 3 
 rary Excife, with the additional / 
 Nine-pence for the Year, ending v 
 24th 7 a»e, 1689, produced clear ( 
 of all' Charges, — - J- 
 
 666,383 
 
 ^d, The Hearth-Money,- - 
 
 245,000 
 
 4th, The Pbft-Office, j 
 
 65,006 
 
 5/^, The Wine Licenfes, 
 
 10,000 
 
 6//&, The Impofition on Wines'] 
 and Vini^ar for the Year ending V 
 September, 1688, ' J 
 
 172,901 
 
 phi The Impofition on T6bacco\ 
 and Sugar for the fame Year, — i 
 
 148,861 
 
 ith, The Impbfitioh on French'^ 
 LinenV Brandy and Silk fbr the > 
 farneYeaf, -- J 
 
 93,71® 
 
 Total neat' Produce 2, 60 1,855^ 
 
 N 2- 
 
 Brought 
 
[ 100 ] 
 
 L. 
 
 Brought Over . . 2,001,855 
 
 To which are to be added the fmall'j 
 Branches, which, before his Pre- | 
 deceffor fold the Crown Lands, ^ ^ 
 
 amounted to One Hundred thirty j ’ 
 Thoufand PoundsBut 1 
 fince that only to about -——— J 
 
 Total neat Revenue of the Crown— 2,061,855 
 
 To this might be added his private Revenue, 
 as.Dukeof TorL which he brought with him 
 to the Crown, arifing from Lands in Inland^ 
 Scotland England, Stock in the African Com¬ 
 pany, Property in the Plantations, and great 
 Sums of Money, befides his Rent-Charge of 
 Twenty four Thoufand Pound per Annum fettled 
 upon the Excile which is before included. But 
 paffing this over, I proceed to enquire into his 
 Pisburfements for the public Services; wherein it 
 is to be obferv’d, i.That Tangier was demo- 
 lifli’d in the latter End of his PredecelTor’s 
 Reign; fo that he had no Charge upon his 
 Hands from this Article. 2, That he 'had no 
 War, or Occafion for any extraordinary Ex¬ 
 pence, except from the Attempt of the Duke of 
 Monmouth, which wasprefentlyfupprels’d : how¬ 
 ever, it mull be acknowledg’d, in Juftice to his 
 Condud, that he was abundantly more careful 
 of the Navy than his Brother: And reckoning 
 his extraordinaty Expence on this Account, to 
 balance his laving by the Demolition of Tangier, 
 the Annual Disburfements for the Public Ser¬ 
 vices muft, in both Reigns, have been near upon 
 ^.Equajityj that is, recl^oning towards the End 
 of 
 
[ lOI ] 
 
 of Charles the Second’s Reign, when he had 
 augmented Iiis Land-Force, atwut Six Hundred 
 Thoufand Pounds, which arofe from the follow¬ 
 ing Articles: 
 
 No. IX. 
 
 At Account of the Annual Bisburfements 
 for the Public Services during the Reign 
 of James the Second. 
 
 "M 
 
 Aintainance of Seamen, and > 
 
 Provifion of Naval Stores, S SOOjOoa 
 
 2 , Ordinary of the Nafy and Ord -1 
 
 nance, -- - S 
 
 50,000 
 
 2. Guards, and other Difciplin’d ? 
 
 Troops, - — 5 200,000 
 
 4. Garrifons, Contingcncys, (ic. —- 50,000 
 
 Total 600,000 
 
 As to the numerous Popifi Army which this 
 Monarch endeavour’d to form and eftablilh a- 
 mongft us by his abfolute Will and Authority, 
 it was undeniably for his own private Views and 
 Defigns, and is by no means to be eftimated 
 amongft the Public Services : However, it fuf- 
 ficiendy fhews the Largenefs of his Civil Lift 
 Revenue, which, befidcs the Support of his 
 Houlhold, enabled him to bear fo great an Ex¬ 
 pence, as the Maintainance of this Army, tck 
 gether with endlefs Shoals of Jefuits, and Priefts 
 of all Orders,, 
 
 It 
 
[ 102 ] 
 
 It is indeed true, that, befides this great 
 fettled Revenue, King '^ames receiv’d no other 
 Extraordinary Sums during his Reign; which 
 happen’d entirely from his own arbitrary Max¬ 
 ims, and a Refolution he had taken to owe 
 little or nothing to his People; For the Par¬ 
 liament, after the Defeat of the Duke of Mon- 
 mutb^ at the End of the firji Year only of his 
 Reign, befides granting him the Revenue of his 
 Predeceffor .for Life, and die three Additional 
 Impofitions, voted likewife an extraordinary 
 Surri"^ of Seven Hundred ‘tboufand Pounds to his 
 Majefty for his neceflary Occafions; and without 
 ,doubt he might have obtain’d everjf Year from 
 the Parliament a cbnfiderable Sum in the fame 
 manner: but bccaufe the Commons were un- 
 unwilling to allow a Fcnioer to be inbemt in 
 him, of difpenfing with the Penal Lim and 
 35^, though they were preparing a Bill to capa¬ 
 citate his Popijh Officers for their Polls, he pro¬ 
 rogued the Two Houfes, and relinquilh’d the 
 Seven Hundred ‘Thoufand Pounds^ rather than 
 endure that ibis Power, which he had alTum’d, 
 Ihould be brought into Queftion: Nor did' he 
 ever afterwards luffer a Parliament to fit} Hav¬ 
 ing, undoubtedly, determin’d to levy thefe Im- 
 pofidons, after their Expiration by Law, or 
 whatever Dutys befides he Ihduld think necef- 
 fary, by his own abfolute Wiil and Authority ;' 
 In the fame manner, as at his Acceffibrt' he le- 
 vy’d the Dutys which ceas’d upon his Predecef- 
 Tor’s Death,..before they,were granted to’hini- 
 felf by Parliament: However, under thefe his 
 Refufals of Money, and •before he had made 
 himfclf Amends for them, as he would cerdainly 
 / have 
 
[ «ej ] 
 
 have done in a little Time, by affuming the 
 fame unlimited Power over our Propertys, which 
 he adtually ufurp*d over our Religion arid Li- 
 bertys; it appears that the clear Amount of 
 his Civil Lift Revenue was One Million, Four 
 Hundred and Sixty-m Fhoufand, Eight Hundred 
 and Eighty-five Pounds per Annum. 
 
 It is ncceflary, in die next Place, to enquire 
 into the annual Income of the People in 1688} in 
 order to which it is to be obferv’d, that the In¬ 
 come ol a People at all Times arifes from the 
 Produce of diem}^^ of their Stock, and of 
 their labour ; Arid as Mon^ has, for Ibme 
 Years paft, been the common Meafute of all 
 Thingsi'lr-will be proper to refer the Income of 
 the People to this, in order to compare it with 
 the Income of the Crown, which is before re¬ 
 duc’d to the fame Standard. 
 
 Now, it will appear. That our Produce 
 w^ greater in 1688 than in 1660, if it can be 
 fiiewh that our Lands were improv’d, that the 
 Nuriiber of our People, of our Shipping, of our 
 Furniture, of our Mamfiadures, and of our 
 Houfes, was greater in the later Period. 
 
 But it is certain, as 'Di.Davenant obferves. Page 
 the 2^th of the Second Volume of his Difcourfes,^ 
 That the Inprovements of the Lands of England 
 from 1660 to 1688, were apparendy more, by 
 indofing of Commons, and open Grounds, by 
 clearing of Wood-Lands, by manuring, and 
 fertilizing what were poor and barren, than had 
 made in fifty Years before. 
 
 It 
 
[ '04 ] 
 
 It was evident, from the Plenty amongft the 
 common People, and the natural Rate of their 
 Increafe, as well as from other Obfervations, as 
 the fame Gentleman declares, that Number 
 of People in 1688 was at Icaft J'hree Hundred 
 fhoufand more than in 1665, or before that 
 Time, notwithftanding the great Diminution 
 that happen’d by the Plague, 
 
 ’Twas agreed, as he fays, by old and expe¬ 
 rienc’d Merchants, that we had near double the 
 Tonnage of Trading Ships in 1688, to what 
 we had in 1660. 
 
 Our Furniture of all Kinds was greatly im¬ 
 prov’d in the Quantity and Richnefs of it: And, 
 to inftance only in Plate, tlie Doftor obferves, 
 there was more wrought for private Familys, 
 from 1666 to 1688, than had been work’d for 
 two Hundred Years before. 
 
 Our ManufaSiures were increafing from 1660 
 to 1688, particularly, our Iron and Brafs Ma- 
 nufa&ires, and Dying; and various new ones, as 
 Glafs, Silk, Hats, were beginning to be efta- 
 blilh’d. 
 
 Many public and private magnificent Build¬ 
 ings were crefted within the fame Time; and 
 Farni-Houfes were kept all the while in good Re¬ 
 pair; Befides which, as the lame Gentleman ob- 
 ierves, it app^r’d from the Boob of the 
 Hearth-Money, and from other Reafons, that 
 within that Time, there had been built, in Lon¬ 
 don and the Country, not lefs than Seventy 'Phou- 
 fand Tenements upon new Foundations. 
 
 To 
 
0 
 
 [■ 05 ] 
 
 To thcfe it is proper to add. That our Uvt 
 Stock of large Cattle, and Sheep, every 
 Day increas’d, as appear’d by the Farms being 
 generally more plentifully flock’d than former¬ 
 ly. And our_ Plantations Abroad grew every 
 Day more confiderable. 
 
 Thefe all undeniably demonflrate, that our 
 Stock and Produce in 1688 was greater than 
 in 1660: But this does not come up to the 
 Point of fixing our Pecuniary Income, or the 
 mount of our whole annual Produce at the Mar¬ 
 ket-Price, in 1688; which is a Speculation of 
 fome Difficulty; and is not to be determin’d 
 by general Aflertions of the Increafe^ of Things, 
 without affigning the dijlinll Quantity of fuch 
 Increafe: But as the different Quantitys of our 
 Coin in 1660 and in 1688, arc diftinftly af- 
 fign’d, I ffiall endeavour to ferve myfelf of thefe 
 two Articles, in determining our precife Income 
 at this later Period. 
 
 In order to which, it may be obferv’d, that 
 dealing by Barter was very little in Ufc amongft 
 us in 1660 or 1688; Sales and Purchafes in 
 general at both thofe Times being made for 
 Money ; and therefore the Demand for any Pro¬ 
 duce amongfl us appear’d by the Quantity of 
 Money brought to Market for its Purchafe. 
 
 And as it may jufliy be afllim’d, that there 
 was the fame Propenfity in general, at each of 
 thofe Times to the buying and felling of all 
 Commoditys, and the fame Freedom of Circular 
 tion of Money, it follows, that, 
 
 O fhe 
 
[ io6 ] 
 
 whole Demand for all the Produces in the 
 Kingdom, at either of thofe Periods, was greater 
 or lefs, according to the whole §iuantity of Coin 
 then circulating in the Kingdom, 
 
 This may be fully demonftrated in the follow¬ 
 ing Manner, The whole annual Income of the 
 Kingdom, when referr‘d to Money only, at any 
 Period, is the whole Amount of the annual Pro¬ 
 duce of all Sorts, according to the ufual Mar¬ 
 ket-Price at that Period. 
 
 But when we talk of the Market-Price of the 
 whole annual Produce of the Kingdom, this Pro¬ 
 duce is not to be fuppos’d to be all brought to 
 Market at once, to be fold for ready Money ; for 
 then its whole Price could be no more, than the 
 Money brought to Market for its Purcbafe; 
 which could not exceed the whole Coin in the 
 Kingdom, and might be much lels : But what 
 is to be underftood, is, that in general, one con- 
 ftant Share, or nearly fuch, of the whole annual 
 Produce, is continually fluftuating, and changing 
 Hands j and that the Worth of the reft, which 
 is not upon Sale, is eftimated according to the 
 Price which this fludtuating Part of the fame 
 Kind, bears at Market, 
 
 This being underftood, it follows, that the 
 Market-Price'ViKicki t\\Q whole amual Produce of 
 the Kingdom bears, or our whole annual Income, 
 is greater, or left, according to the whole ^uan-' 
 tity of I^ney brought to Market for Purchafes. 
 
 And the whole Quantity of Money brought 
 to Market for Purchafes is greater, or lefs, ac- 
 coring 
 
[ '07 ] 
 
 cording to the whole Quantity of Coin circu¬ 
 lating in the Kingdom. 
 
 Therefore our whole annual Income, at any 
 Period, is greater, or leis, according to. the 
 whole ^antity of Coin then circulating in the 
 Kingdom, 
 
 This is eafily prov’d more particularly; For 
 fuppofe more Money, than ufual, was to be 
 brought to all the Markets of the Kingdom for 
 the fame Share of our whole Produce of Corn; 
 It is plain then, that the Value, or Amount of 
 this Share, and of all our Corn befides, upon the 
 bringing of this additional Sum to Market, is, to 
 its Amount, under the ufual Sum, as ii to lo; 
 There being the fame (^antity of Corn, — to 
 thefc different Proportions of Purchafe-Money : 
 therefore the Amounts or Values of all our Corn 
 in thefe different Cafes, will be proportionable to' 
 the Amounts of the different Purchafe-Moneys; 
 that is, to the different Quantitys of Coin circu- 
 lating throughout the Kingdom. 
 
 And this is true, with Regard to the whole 
 Amount of our Corn, and of our whole Pro¬ 
 duce of all other Sorts, whatever be the increafe 
 or Diminution in the Quantity of each Sort; 
 which will only make the fame Part of each 
 Produce cheaper or dearer, but will not alter 
 the Amount of the whole Quantity, 
 
 It being therefore cftablifti’d. That oar whole 
 Annual Income, at any Period, is greater, or lefs, 
 O 2 according 
 
[ *°S ] 
 
 ftccording to the whole Quantity of Coin thin 
 circulating in the Kingdom, it follows, That, 
 
 As 14 Millions, our whole Coin in 1660, 
 
 To \%\Mllms, our whole Coin in 1688, 
 
 So 46,700,000 /, our whole Annual Income 
 in 1660, 
 
 To 61,710,714/, our whole annual Income 
 in 1688. 
 
 And if from this Sum of Sixty-one Millions, 
 Seven Hundred and ten fhoufand. Seven Hundred 
 and fourteen Pounds, we deduft fwo, Millions, 
 Four Hundred Hboufand Pounds, which Dr. Z?«- 
 venant, in his Ejjay on the Balance of Trade, 
 Page the lojd, fays, Mr. King had compu^ 
 ted to be the annual Increafe of our Wealth 
 in 1688, over and above our Expences, the Re¬ 
 mainder, or Fifty-nine Millions, Seven Hundred 
 and ten Thoufatid, Seven Hundred and fourteen 
 Pounds, will be the Amount of our annual Ex¬ 
 fences at that Period; and reckoning/jf Perfons 
 to each of the Seventy Thoufand new Houfes, 
 which appear’d by the Books of the Hearth- 
 Money to have been built between 1660 and 
 1688, the Number of People were Four Hun¬ 
 dred and twenty Thoufand more at this later 
 Period than at the former; inftead of Three 
 Hundred Thoufand more, which the Doftor 
 imagin’d; and the whole Number of People in 
 1688 was Seven Millions, Four Hundred and 
 twenty Thoufand ; amongft which, if this Sum 
 of Fifty-nine Millions, Seven Himdred and ten 
 Thoufand, Seven Hundred and fourteen Pounds be 
 diftributed, it will amount to about Eight 
 Pounds, 
 
[ 11^9 ] 
 
 Pounds^ upon a Medium, for the annual Expcnc 
 of each Perfon. 
 
 As to the Amount of our whole Stock at this 
 Period, exclufive of our Coin, it feems abun¬ 
 dantly probable, that it was not kfs than twenty 
 times the Amount of our Coin only,, or 
 Hundred and ninety Millions Sterling ; though Dr. 
 Davenant computes it only at Sixty-nine Millions 
 and a half, which was little more than our 
 whole annual Income; The Amount of this 
 Stock might be approach’d to in another Man¬ 
 ner, by confidering what Part of it lies dead, 
 as ^e Plate, Furniture, Apparel, Equipage, Cfr. 
 in Gentlemens Familys, and fuch as are not 
 Traders in thefe Goods; what Part is conftant- 
 ly offered to Sale; And what Part is aliually 
 fludluating, or. continually changing Hands; 
 which laft is ,the Part that enlivens the Whole, 
 and denominates its Value: Thefe being fepa- 
 rately enquir’d into, and what their reipeftive 
 Amounts are, and their Shares of the whole 
 Stock, would ferve mutually to correft, and to 
 point out each other: But Speculations of this 
 Sort require other Leifure; and it is high Time 
 to fettle the Camparifon between the Income 
 belonging to the Crown, and to the Public at 
 this Period. 
 
 Since therefore the whole Income of the King 
 and of the People in 1688, appears to have 
 been Sixty-one Millions, Seven Hundred and T ?» 
 fhoufand. Seven Hundred and Fourteen Pounds ; 
 and the Income belonging to the King only. 
 One Million, Four Hundred and Sixty-one TImfand, 
 Eight Hundred and Fifty-five Pounds ; it i-bilovv,s 
 
[ I#0 ] 
 
 that the Civil Lift Revenue was to the Income 
 belonging to the Public, as One MUion, Four. 
 Hundred and Sixty-one fhoufand. Eight Hundred 
 and Eighty-five Pounds, to Sixty Mllions, Two 
 Hundred and Forty-eight Thoufand, Eight Hundred 
 and Fifty-nine Pounds or as i 1041, in whole 
 Numbers. 
 
 It is obfervable from hence, that the Income 
 of the Crown, in this Reign, was left in Propor¬ 
 tion to the Income of the People, than in the 
 Reign preceding} and the Weight of the Crown, 
 in this Refpeft, would have declin’d very confi- 
 derably, if hish^jefty had continu’d fatisfy’d with 
 the Revenue then fettled: But the new Branches 
 of Power Aat he affum’d, in other Articles, over 
 the Lives’ and Confciences of his People, far 
 overbalanc’d the finking Proportion, with Re¬ 
 gard to his Income: However, the growing 
 Wealth of the People carry’d naturally with it 
 fo much Force, notwithflanding he check’d it 
 as much as poiiible, by exorbitant Fines upon 
 the flighteft Pretences, that he could fcarcely 
 have kept his Power fix’d at the fame Height, 
 without feizing upon an additional Share of the 
 Property of the Kingdom 5 And this he would 
 certainly have done, as foon as his Scheme had 
 been in a little more Forwardnefs j In order to 
 have balanc’d the Weight in the popular Scale, 
 and to have preferv’d adue/£j«/to« in the 
 
 Syftem of his Government. 
 
 And thus having waded through thefe two 
 Reigns, and rak’d tip fome of their Pecuniary 
 Ei^leits, I leave them naked to the View of 
 this Age. Jf they are oppofitc to the vulgar 
 
I I.I ] 
 
 Prejudices in Favour of thofe Times,' it may be 
 obferv’d, That the Debaucherys of Charks the 
 Second, attended with Lord Rochejier's Jefts, 
 and the Intrigues and Drunkennefs then rioting 
 throughout the Kingdom, left an Imprefllon of 
 Mirth and Gaiety upon ignorant People, which 
 is handed down to the prefent Time; And de¬ 
 ceives many in thefe Days into an Opinion of 
 the Public Happinefs under his Government: 
 But the Brave and Worthy at that Time fpoke, 
 and felt, e/irr . Things; and faw nothing fiou- 
 rifliing, that ought to flourifh, but our Trade 
 and Colonys, both owing to the natural Genius 
 and Advantages of our People i and thefe too 
 greatly cramp’d by French Imports, and French 
 Incroachments, under the Ihamefiil Connivance 
 of our corrupt Miniftry. 
 
 I come next to the Reign of our Immortal 
 Deliverer, William the Third; a Series of 
 Time full of Events, the moftinterefting, and 
 important to every Briton. In this Reign the 
 National Debt grew to be confiderable; which, 
 I am fenfible, is ufually aferib’d to Whig-Max\3.ge.- 
 ment ; All Concern in it being conftantly d^it 
 claim'd by the Tory Gentlemen : But if it might 
 be no Offence to their great Modefty, I would 
 beg leave to lay the Commencement of Ais Debt, 
 at their Door; it being indilputable that the firft 
 
 and oldeft Article of it was the Bankers Lekf 
 
 or one Moiety of the Sum feiz’d by King 
 Charles the Second, at his ever memorable 
 fhutting up of the Exchequer. 
 
 As to the Increafe and Continuance of the 
 National Debt, and to whofe Condudl it is juftly 
 to 
 
[ ] 
 
 to be attributed; as likewifc what Grants have 
 been made to the Civil Lift, and the rel^ftive 
 Amounts of it in this, and the fubfequent Reigns; 
 and whatProprtions the Revenues of the Crown 
 have born to the Revenues of the People at dif¬ 
 ferent Periods, from the Revolution to the pre- 
 lentTime; They are Points too curious and im¬ 
 portant to be contrafted and prefs’d within a 
 narrow Stint, and muft therefore be referv*d for 
 aSEpONoPart; what has already pals’d, hav¬ 
 ing far exceeded the Limits that were, delign’d 
 to this Treatife. 
 
 However, the Publication of this Firft Part 
 to the-WorW, may not be unufefiil in the pre- 
 fent Juncture: It contains Afhort Specimen of the 
 Pecuniary Exploits of the Torys ; and may ferve 
 as a Light to the Principles and Praftices of 
 thofe Men, when the Diftribution of the Reve¬ 
 nues was under their Power, and boafted Ma¬ 
 nagement : For it cannot be improper fairly 
 to explain the Meafures which tbeyhe\d ; TheM- 
 ieration in Grants to the Civil Uft ; And the 
 great Oppofition to the Incroachments of the 
 Crown in their Days of Authority and Go¬ 
 vernment ; That the Nation may judge, what 
 is again to be expedted from them, if ever they 
 Ihould be able (which Heaven avert) to thruft 
 themfelves into the Public Adminiftration; and 
 that the whole World may fee, with what Mo- 
 
 dejl^znd Proprkly they now complain of Whi^ 
 
 Liberality to the Civil Lift, and of fFhig Pro- 
 fufions and Mifapplications. 
 
 But it is far from being here infinuated, that the 
 CoiTuption of the fotys Ihould be any Juftifi- 
 cation 
 
ri»?3i] 
 
 .j*34p 9 of MVjijl .Wick^e^^.uncJer, 
 
 Bagement) .^.that is h^.ititen^ra, is ropoiiit 
 oyt to the .11^944 the A(S^ I^wciples of the 
 genuhieJh^j, ^nd hoiy i^nrehffwjlble it is^to.'pf- 
 ■'pft/that the Public of Wi ^ht^ed'fe 
 Cojn^tionV fhould be di^ hLulp or In(:iteniei]|t 
 ;to’, tiHr C^p 4 u|i 3 ;: This ppljf is to be expe< 5 ?(i 
 ijtpfld' th^ Egu')^ Pifintefefte4nefs of the 
 An,(j they have with Inie- 
 
 gfiiy, ^di^ourage, ftep’d in at' the late Breacl?^ 
 and difappointed tbofe, whofe Aim was Confu- 
 fm apd Pt/ibUc DifiraSlion-, Their Excellent Tern- 
 .pn, and ^nfy Conten^t 0 onefi Sfiggejlms 
 and Qa/a^i^s, has in this l)ay prefervM us, apd 
 tnefits the united Applaufe and warmeft Grad- 
 inide of their ever oblig’d Cdnntry; ’Tis oh 
 Ihem .only, ^nd on /Mr .Moderation and Vir- 
 ,tue, that'the ffadon happily relies for a 
 ^d Enquiry into' the Meafures of the 
 late jUmjmjiratio)} ^ . And . they ■vyill undoubt- 
 ^edly make it, widiout Replitment, or falje 
 partiality} Wxt!d a ftrift Regard to the Publif 
 Good, and a reafonable Candour to the Perfon 
 acGufed Nor will they fear to .publifh his Ac- 
 .quittal to the World, if hp Ih^l be found tp 
 merit it, after a ftrift Scrutiny and juft Exami- 
 nation, defpi^ng the vain Reproaches pf thole, 
 mho delight, in Gtiilti and jl^^ theinfclves with 
 the Contemplalm of Wickednefs'—- 
 
 Nor will the Wife and Virtuous throughout 
 the Kingdom cenfure the Equity, or difapprove 
 the Example, of his honourable Acquittal ': On 
 the contrary, they will refleft, with Gratitude, 
 on his unufual Lenity, and the happy Enjoy¬ 
 ment of their molt ample Privileges, under his 
 P Mi- 
 
‘ [ "4 ] 
 
 ‘Mlnlftry, when ilo harfh Exercifi of Eower, 
 or any violeni’ ProfOTtions appear’d, but ill 
 was mild and friitidly, as bis oWn frarik add 
 benevolent Heart:. And thcrugh flagrant Guilt 
 is not to be fereen’d, who is it that will forbid 
 Car,Jcur in the Interpretation of his Adioris, who 
 was of all others the moft candid? Or who will 
 Tthik Moderation to Him, who, in the Height 
 of Power, was, of all Men living, the moft 
 moderate ? 
 
 And now it is to be wilh’d only, that the 
 Wli^s will coolly bbferve the" Defigns of their 
 old and inveterate Enemys. Is it to be ima¬ 
 gin’d, that the Aim and View of the Toty 
 Leaders is the Deftruftion of one Whig, and 
 confin’d to him only, and this merely from the 
 Purity of their Hearts, and their Hatred 
 to all Corruption ? — Their Principle and Pradllcfc 
 have been esndcntly fhewn to be far otherwife. 
 — Every U^ig, in his political State, is to them 
 equally deteflable; And it therefore behoves the 
 Body of xint ivhigs to confider in Time, whe¬ 
 ther the Defign of the Totys at ^i% Jundfure 
 is not tlieir general Scandal and Deftruftion; 
 And whatever' perfonal Diftindions may be at¬ 
 tempted to be made, whether the Effeft of a 
 ■T'n Tr I u .\i p H, will not be feverely felt, againft 
 the -xhok JFhig Interest, and the Friends of 
 Liberty, throughout tlie Kingdom. 
 
 26 Fehruen, 
 
 174:. ' , 
 
 r/, 
 
 ■ / 
 
 F I N I S.