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THE 
 
 Battle Creek Sanitarium 
 
 History, Organization, 
 Methods 
 
 BY 
 
 J. H. KELLOGG, M. D., Superintendent 
 
 [Incorporated as a public philanthropy under Act No. 
 242, as the Michigan Sanitarium and Benevolent 
 Association. Has no "branches," no traveling repre- 
 sentatives, and no private interest.] 
 
 BATTLE CREEK, MICHIGAN 
 1913 
 
"Nature alone can cure; this is the highest 
 laiv of practical medicine, and the one to which 
 Tee must adhere. . . . Nature creates and 
 maintains; she must therefore he able to cure.'' 
 
 —Died (1845). 
 
 ''Diseases are not entities that have entered 
 into the bod)^; the^ are not parasites that take 
 root in the body; they merely show us the course 
 of the vital processes under altered conditions.'' 
 
 —Vircho-w {1847). 
 
 Copyright, 1 91 3 
 
FOREWORD 
 
 HIS little brochure is presented to the medical public in re- 
 sponse to the request of many physicians for a concise epit- 
 ome of the organized curative methods which in recent years 
 have come to be collectively known as the Battle Creek 
 Sanitarium System. 
 
 After consideration it has seemed proper to comply with 
 this request especially because of the surprise and interest manifested by 
 hundreds of physicians who have visited the institution as guests and 
 patients, —surprise because what they found was so different from what 
 they had expected to find, and interest because of the number and variety of 
 practical applications of the latest resources of scientific medicine here 
 systematically employed. 
 
 An earnest effort has been made to present a picture of the work car- 
 ried on at the Battle Creek Sanitarium as nearly as possible as it is daily 
 seen in actual operation. 
 
 The existence throughout the country of institutions which have adopted 
 the name "Sanitarium," although really nothing more than medical 
 boarding-houses, has given to the medical profession as well as to the 
 laity many Avrong impressions concerning the character of a thoroughly 
 scientific and up-to-date sanitarium. It seems but just that the profession, 
 at least, should know that there " is a dift'erence, ' ' that the name Sanitarium, 
 originating here, has been widely exploited and in numberless instances 
 most unAvorthily represented, and that there is a wide contrast between a 
 scientific sanitarium and the growing multitude of institutions which imitate 
 the name without duplicating the thing itself. 
 
 The generosity of the original founders of this institution in devoting 
 all earnings to its equipment, operation, and betterment, and the altruistic 
 spirit which has always dominated its board of managers, have rendered 
 possible the building up of a scientific medical enterprise devoted forever to 
 the public welfare in which the attempt is made — 
 
 First. — To put into active, effective, and systematic use every practical 
 method which modern medical science has provided for the accurate de- 
 termination of deviations from the normal standard of health in structure 
 or function, and for the estimation of the amount of such variation, so 
 far as possible expressing these variations by means of coefficients, so as 
 to make exact comparisons possible. 
 
 Second. — To make available in most approved form every rational 
 curative means known to medical science, so that the same may be brought 
 to bear in any individual case, giving special prominence to physical 
 therapy, or so-called physiologic therapeutics. 
 
 Third. To combine with the special professional, technical, and insti- 
 tutional advantages of the modern hospital, the luxuries and comforts of 
 the modern hotel, together with the genial atmosphere, security and freedom 
 ■ of the home. 
 
'. ^ 
 
THE BATTLE CHEEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Fourth. — To organize and carry fonvard various lines of research 
 having for their purpose the improvement of the conditions of human 
 life, especially in relation to diet and nutrition, 
 
 Fifth. — The organization and maintenance of various charities, es- 
 pecially hospitals and dispensaries for the treatment of the sick poor. 
 
 It is, of course, impossible to present on paper anything like a realistic 
 picture of a v^^ork which is necessarily so extensive in volume and so com- 
 plex in detail; but it is hoped that the numerous accompanying photo- 
 reproductions may aid the reader in forming somewhat of a definite con- 
 ception of the Battle Creek Sanitarium System as it is seen in daily practice. 
 
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION 
 
 HE favor with which this very imperfect presentation of the 
 Battle Creek Sanitarium Methods, and the organization which 
 makes possible the housing, feeding, and treatment, as well 
 as education and training of a thousand sick people daily, 
 not by routine methods but with minute attention to the needs 
 and indications of each particular case, has encouraged the 
 management to present a second and somewhat improved edition which it is 
 hoped will be equally acceptable to those members of the profession who 
 have not had an opportunity to personally visit Battle Creek, and who are 
 interested in the newer therapeutics which finds its foundations in the 
 results of laboratory research and the application of the principle an- 
 nounced by Dietl, the famous German pathologist, "Nature creates and 
 maintains, therefore she must be able to cure." 
 
 Every physician who receives this brochure is cordially invited to visit 
 the institution and to personally inspect its laboratories and various 
 therapeutic departments. 
 
 Among the new features which have been added since the publication of 
 the first edition may be especially mentioned notable additions to the 
 Roentgen laboratory which have given it recognition as belonging in the 
 front rank of the world's laboratories of this sort. 
 
 Among other important additions may be noted the Electro-cardiograph ; 
 the respiration calorimeter of Benedict, for the clinical study of metabolism ; 
 important advances in the bacteriological laboratory by the aid of Doctor 
 Tissier, of the Pasteur Institute, Paris, consulting bacteriologist of the in- 
 stitution ; a department for the use of radium in all the various ways in 
 which recent research has found to be useful — viz., in the treatment of 
 inoperable cancer, and certain forms of gout and rheumatism. 
 
 Improvements are constantly being made in all departments, both in 
 equipment and methods, in an earnest effort to keep pace with the foremost 
 rank of progressive scientific medicine. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PACK 
 
 History of the Battle Creek Sanitarium : Begun 1866 as a water- 
 cure in a small two-story wooden building. Reorganized 1876, placed 
 upon a rational and scientific basis under regular scientific management. ] i 
 
 ■Organization: Incorporated 1S67. Reineori3orated 1S9S under the pro- 
 visions of Act No. 242 of the Public Acts of 18G:|. entitled, "An Act 
 for the incorporation of hospitals or asylums" 11 
 
 Policy and Principles of the Institution 11 
 
 Buildings : First main building dedicated 1878. Main buildings destroyed 
 by fire, 1902. New fire-proof building dedicated 1903. Present build- 
 ings number thirty and accommodate one thousand patients, besides 
 several hundred nurses, attendants, and other emjjloyees 12, 14 
 
 IReport op Committee appointed bj^ the Business Men's Association and 
 Common Council of the City of Battle Creek to investigate the organi- 
 zation, status, and administration of the institution, especially with ref- 
 erence to its philanthropic character 25 
 
 'Ti-iE Battle Creek Sanitarium System : A composite physiologic method 
 comprising hydrotherapy, phototherapy, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, 
 mechanotherapy, dietetics, physical culture, open-air cure and health 
 training, all under expert direction 29 
 
 Hydrotherapy : Comprising more than 200 hydriatic procedures with ex- 
 tensive hydriatic treatment room and equipment 61 
 
 Phototherapy and Thermotherapy : The electric-light bath, the pho- 
 
 tophore ; the thermophore, the arc-light and quartz actinic lamp .... 71 
 
 "Electrotherapy : Static apparatus, sinusoidal apparatus, high frequency, 
 
 X-i'ay, galvanism, f aradie and various special electrical appliances .... 73 
 
 Diathermy 79 
 
 Radium 81 
 
 'Mechanotherapy: Vibrating tables, chairs, bars, portable vibrators, me- 
 chanical massage, mechanical percussion and friction, mechanical horse 
 and camel 93 
 
 A. System of Graduated Strengthening Processes especially adapted to in- 
 valids and sedentary men and Avomen. Light gymnastics, calisthenics, 
 Swedish gymnastics, manual movements, apparatus work, outdoor walks, 
 swimming, breathing exercises, under direction of trained medical gym- 
 nasts and accurately adapted to each patient by means of the universal 
 dynamometer, by which each group of muscles is tested. Outdoor gym- 
 nasium, survey and graduated walks, open-air sleeping arrangements. . . 99 
 
 9 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 The Battle Creek System of Diet^ consisting' of the following: 
 
 1. Bill of fare prepared with special reference to the needs and tastes of 
 invalids, and giving the value in calories, or food units, of each serving. Ill 
 
 2. The low protein ration employed here for forty years, and recently 
 demonstrated by Chittenden and Mendel of Yale, and by other inves- 
 tigators to be most conducive to health and endurance Ill 
 
 3. A cuisine embracing hundreds of specially prepared foodstuffs and 
 tasty dishes, each having a definite and detemiined value 115 
 
 4. An experimental kitchen and food laboratories in which original re- 
 search is constantly bringing out new facts and products 115 
 
 5. A corps of specially trained cooks, chefs, and dietitians 115 
 
 6. Farms and extensive greenhouses which furnish fresh gTeen vege- 
 tables at all seasons 117 
 
 Cases Specially Adapted to Treatment by the Battle Creek Sani- 
 tarium System 127 
 
 The Surgical Ward 197 
 
 The Medical Corps 197 
 
 The Obstetrical Ward 199 
 
 The Kindergarten 201 
 
 The Sanitarium and Hospital Training School for Nurses 201 
 
 The Battle Creek Sanitarium School of Health and Home 
 
 Economics 201 
 
 The Battle Creek Sanitarium Health Foods 205 
 
 Department for the Treatment of Persons with Limited Means 205 
 
 No Branches and no Affiliated Institutions 207 
 
 10 
 
HISTORY 
 
 ORTY years ago a little band of men who believed in altruism 
 and human progress purchased a small two-story farmhouse 
 in a fine grove in the edge of the village of Battle Creek, 
 and opened a "water-cure" under the name of "The Health 
 Reform Institute." 
 
 Reorganization 
 
 Ten years later the enterprise, after having passed through various 
 vicissitudes and having failed to achieve any considerable degree of suc- 
 cess, was placed in the hands of the present management, with twelve 
 patients and a half dozen small two-story wooden buildings. 
 
 The new management inaugurated new policies, and introduced new 
 methods and principles. The empirical methods of the oldtime ' ' water-cure ' ' 
 were replaced by rational hydrotherapy, and as rapidly as possible new 
 methods, appliances, and apparatus were added, in the effort to create 
 an institution which would show in practical operation all the resources of 
 rational and physiologic medicine. 
 
 The management of the new institution sought, by the aid of the 
 various means of precision afforded by scientific medicine, to perfect, and 
 thus place upon a scientific basis, those natural curative agencies which, 
 having chiefly originated with the laity, were formerly employed almost 
 exclusively by empirics. 
 
 Those physicians who came in contact with the institution soon recog- 
 nized the new order of things, and generally gave much appreciated en- 
 couragement. At that time there existed no institution which combined 
 the comforts of the home and the hotel with the medical advantages of the 
 hospital and the added facilities and equipment requisite for the adminis- 
 tration of baths of every description, electricity in its different forms, 
 medical gymnastics, and other rational agencies, with careful regulation 
 of diet. 
 
 Origin of the Name 
 
 The new management and new policies demanded a new name. The 
 word "sanatorium" was then defined by Webster's dictionary as a term 
 used in England to designate a health resort for invalid soldiers. A 
 change of two letters transformed "sanatorium" into "sanitarium," and 
 a new word was added to the English language. 
 
 The various changes effected, including rational improvements in the 
 equipment, the establishment of a training school for nurses, and the or- 
 ganization of a corps of scientifically trained physicians, rapidly won the 
 confidence of both the profession and the public, so that within a few 
 months one hundred patients were under treatment; and the management 
 began the erection of a building especially adapted to sanitarium work, 
 the first of its kind, and capable of accommodating two hundred guests. 
 
 11 
 
•THE WATER CURE" 1866 
 
 THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM — 1876 
 
 12 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARII'M 
 
 Within a year the iieAv i^tructure was dedicated (1878), and for twenty- 
 four years thereafter new structures were added, at intervals of four or 
 five years, to accommodate the growing family, which in the summer of 
 1901 numbered some seven hundred guests. 
 
 Fire and Reconstruction 
 
 The fire of February, 1902, consumed the main building and the hos- 
 pital. The brick and wooden structure was replaced by an up-to-date 
 and absolutely fireproof building, systematically planned, and amply 
 equipped to meet the increased needs. 
 
 The gradual growth of the institution is shown by the following 
 figures : 
 
 The total number of patients dm-ing the first year was 106 
 
 Ten years later, the total number of patients dui'ing the year (1876-7) was 208 
 After another ten-year period, the total number of patients for the year 
 
 (1886-7) had gTOwn to 825 
 
 During the year 1896-7 the number of patients was 1,584 
 
 During the year 1906-7 the number was 2,800 
 
 During the year 1911 the number was 5,307 
 
 The above figures represent less than half the real number of guests. 
 The actual number of patients during the year 1911 was 5,307. 
 
 The care of this multitude of patients requires eight hundred to a 
 thousand persons, including more than twenty physicians and three hundred 
 nurses and bath attendants. Most of the patrons of the institution are 
 persons who are suffering from chronic disease, especially gastric and 
 nervous disorders. Insane persons, epileptics, and persons suffering from 
 tuherculosis or other communicahle diseases are not received. The guests 
 always include a considerable number of persons who are below par 
 physically from overwork or other causes and visit the institution for 
 the purpose of increasing their efficiency by general health culture and 
 training. 
 
 The Physiologic Method 
 
 The Physiologic Method, sometimes referred to as "the natural 
 method," was forty years ago almost entirely in the hands of empirics. 
 Through the application of the scientific method to the various hydriatic 
 and other procedures of the natural method they have been rescued from 
 empiricism and have been organized into a rational system. The physio- 
 logic method consists in the treatment of the sick by natural, physical, 
 or physiologic means, scientifically applied. 
 
 The application of the physiologic method requires much more than 
 simply a knowledge of the technique of baths, electricity, movements, etc. 
 It especially requires a knowledge of physiology, and an intelligent grasp 
 of all the resources of modern medical science. For, while the physiologic 
 method depends for its curative effects upon those natural agencies which 
 
 13 
 
14 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 are the means of preserving health, and which may be r-(;lied upon to pre- 
 vent disease as well as to cure it, it recognizes and employs as collateral 
 and supplementary remedies, all rational means which have by experience 
 been proved to be effective as adjuvants or palliatives. 
 
 The Physiologic Method Deals with Causes 
 
 The physiologic method concerns itself first of all with causes. In the 
 case of chronic maladies, these will generally be found in erroneous habits 
 of life, which, through long operation, have resulted in depreciation of the 
 vital forces of the body and such derangement of the bodily functions that 
 the natural defenses have been finally broken down, and morbid conditions 
 have been established. 
 
 Chronic disease is like a fire in the walls of a house which has slowly 
 worked its way from the foundation upward, until the flames have burst out 
 through the roof. The appearance of the flame is the first outward indi- 
 cation of the mischief which has been going on ; but it is not the beginning. 
 It is rather the end of the destructive process. 
 
 As Hericourt, the learned author of ''Les Frontiers de la Maladie," 
 has well pointed out, the man who is recognized to be suffering from chronic 
 disease, even though the malady may be said to be in an incipient state, 
 has really been ill for some time, as the existence of the disease is evidence 
 of the long-continued insidious operation of subtle causes which have 
 gradually consumed the patient's vital capital, wdped out his margin of 
 safety, and established definite and often permanent pathological con- 
 ditions. Disease, then, is not the chief ohject of attach in the physiologic 
 method, hut the causes of disease. 
 
 The physiologic method does not undertake to cure disease, hut patients. 
 It recognizes the disease process as an efiort on the part of the body to 
 recover normal conditions,— a struggle on the part of the vital forces to 
 maintain life under abnormal conditions and to restore vital equilibrium. 
 
 No Routine, No Panaceas, No Fads, No Secret Methods 
 
 ; As regards the methods of dealing with individual ailments, the Battle 
 Creek Sanitarium System offers no panaceas and claims no secret methods 
 or processes. There is no routine or "course of baths," no violent heroic 
 measures, no empirical formulas for any disease or class of maladies. The 
 ''system" is simply a rational plan of leading the individual out of suf- 
 fering and inefficiency into health, comfort, and useful activity. Its claims 
 as a system are based (1) upon a working plan which many years of 
 experience have developed for the ultilization of all rational curative meas- 
 ures, especially those of a physiologic character, combined (2) with the 
 complete supervision and control of the life of the patient, and (3) the 
 application of methods of precision in the study of vital conditions, normal 
 and pathological. 
 
 At the outset of his course of treatment, the patient is instructed that 
 his recovery will depend very largely upon himself; that curative power 
 does not reside in the doctor nor in the treatment, but in the vital force 
 operating within the patient himself. 
 
 15 
 
WHAT WAS LEFT FEBRUARY 18, 1902 
 
 LAYING THE CORNER STONE OF THE NEW BUILDING, MAY 11, 3 902 
 
 16 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 "It is the Blood That Heals" 
 
 Great pains are taken to render the patient intelligent in relation to 
 these facts and principles. He is taught that it is " the blood that heals ' ' ; 
 that most chronic disorders are the result of deteriorative changes in the 
 blood ; that some abnormal content or some deficiency has led to minute 
 functional or structural changes which, slowly advancing during a long 
 period, have finally resulted in so great a disturbance that attention is 
 called to the fact by symptoms, so that he discovers that he is ill; that 
 the chronically sick person is in a state of low vital resistance, and hence 
 that his treatment necessarily requires, first of all, the exact regulation of 
 all his habits, and the establishment of natural conditions of life. The 
 "simple life" and "return to nature" are the ideals constantly held up 
 before him. He must work out his own salvation; he must "cease to do 
 evil and learn to do well;" he must cease to sow seeds of disease, and by 
 every means in his power cultivate health. 
 
 1-7 
 
DEDICATION OF THE NEW MAIN BUILDING, MAY 31, 1903 
 
 NEW MAIN BUILDING 
 
 18 
 
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 ORGANIZATION OF THE INSTITUTION 
 
 HE application of physiotherapy in a scientific and efficient 
 manner requires a large corps of nvirses and assistants who 
 are trained in the technique of hydrotherapy, massage, man- 
 ual and mechanical Swedish movements, graduated exercises, 
 medical gymnastics, electricity in its varied forms, thermo- 
 therapy, mechanotherapy, phototherapy, rational dietetics, 
 the out-door method, and various other physical and physiologic agen- 
 cies, in addition to the methods of ordinary hospital practice. It is only by 
 this concentrated fire from a well-trained therapeutic battery that those 
 Gribraltars of disease commonly called incurable maladies can be made to 
 capitulate. 
 
 Trained Assistants 
 
 To conduct a sanitarium-hospital on a thoroughly physiologic and sci- 
 entific plan requires a corps of workers, or "health trainers," averaging 
 for the whole year one to one and a half persons per patient treated. 
 Without the greatest vigilance, the number will increase even to three or 
 more for every patient. For example, at the Battle Creek Sanitarium the 
 number of persons employed is never less than eight hundred, and often 
 rises in the busiest season to more than one thousand. In the summer 
 season the number of patients and employees is about equal. In the winter 
 season the number of patients is often only half that of the employees. 
 Large numbers of attendants must be in training in preparation for the 
 busy months. 
 
 To do all that can be done for a chronically sick person to assist him to 
 recovery, to surround such a person with every possible advantage known 
 to modern medical science, requires an expenditure for facilities, attendants, 
 and running expenses far beyond any possible income except under one con- 
 dition, viz., that many of those engaged in the work shall be willing to 
 make a partial contribution of their services, receiving at most merely 
 nominal wages, barely sufficient to meet the actual cost of living on a very 
 simple basis. Physicians, managers, nurses — everybody concerned in the 
 enterprise, must be interested in it from a scientific and philanthropic 
 standpoint, and willing to consider as chief compensation the satisfaction of 
 seeing men and women restored to health, who, without the services ren- 
 dered, would have little prospect but the grave. 
 
 The Main Buildings 
 
 These consist of four large buildings, chief of which is the concrete, 
 structure dedicated May 31, 1903. This building, which affords rooming 
 accommodations for about 400 guests, contains also offices for the physicians, 
 treatment rooms capable of handling more than 1,000 patients, dining- 
 room accommodations for an equal number, a gymnasium 120 by 66 feet. 
 The bath buildings are three-story and basement, and with the gymnasium 
 
 19 
 
ROOF GARDEN, MAIN BUILDING 
 
 DISPENSARY AND OFFICE BUILDING 
 
 20 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 are joined to the main building by a semicircular corridor. Within the 
 semicircle is a great Palm Garden, which connects the gymnasium with the 
 lobby of the main building, as shown in the accompanying ground floor 
 plan. 
 
 The construction is brick, iron, stone, and Portland cement. There are 
 no wood floors nor partitions. The floors are solid slabs of artificial stone, 
 reinforced by strong iron cables. The partitions are of mackolite. The 
 floors are surfaced with Italian terrazza mosaic. 
 
 The building being frost-proof as well as fire-proof, it is easy to main- 
 tain a uniform artificial climate in the cold months, with a day temperature 
 of 70 degrees F. and a night temperature of 60 degrees F. 
 
 SKCTCrt PLAN "'* mj5T -PlooiS 
 BATH-C OZECK SANITAKIUfA 
 LCN6TM "Main building S60 
 WI&Trt 50^. -^-^ E-ACH ei 
 DOTANCe BtTWCtN FROi 
 LOBO'*' •■*»'BeAia "^ GYMNASiUj 
 
 GROUND FLOOR PLAN 
 
 A most efiicient ventilating system supplies more than one hundred and 
 fifty thousand cubic feet of warm fresh air per minute. The fresh air is 
 admitted warm to the corridors, and distributed by means of individual 
 ducts, connecting each room directly with the open air. The ventilation 
 system is automatic and always works. The ducts are of sufficient capacity 
 to give each patient's room an ample supply of air for five or six persons. 
 The air of the building is always and everywhere fresh and pure, and free 
 from odor of every sort. This is chiefly due to the location of the kitchen 
 and dining-room at the top of the building. The heavy masonry construc- 
 tion of the building with the stone floors render it cool in summer as well as 
 warm in winter. There being no wood floors and no carpets, there is 
 freedom from dust (rugs are used and vacuum cleaning). The wide cor- 
 ridors and simple style of structure secure free movement of air. There are 
 pleasant parlors and ample foyers on every floor. There are also porches 
 and balconies on each floor and a large roof garden which is partly covered 
 and used for outdoor sleeping. 
 
 21 
 
22 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 The building has been erected and equipped at a cost of $800,000.00, 
 and no pains or expense has been spared to make it in every way thoroughly 
 fit for the purpose for which it is used. 
 
 A Tropical Corner 
 
 The large palm garden (40 x 60 ft.) is separated from the great central 
 lobby by a glass partition, and its fresh, genial atmosphere and delightful 
 tropical plant life make it a favorite place of resort. A corridor leads 
 through the center of the palm garden from the main lobby to the great 
 gymnasium. 
 
 The sight of bunches of bananas ripening on huge stems towering twenty 
 feet in height suggests the tropical delights of Florida in the midst of 
 the splendid health-winning, pure winter air of Michigan. 
 
 Patients are fond of gathering under the wide-spreading palms to chat 
 over their lunches served on trays while enjoying the tropical scene and 
 the pure fragrant air. 
 
 Recognized as a Philanthropy 
 
 The institution is incorporated under a statute of the State of Michigan 
 which provides for the organization of hospitals and other charitable insti- 
 tutions and exempts them from taxation. 
 
 Shortly after the great fire which destroyed the main buildings of the 
 institution the Battle Creek Business Men's Association and Board of City 
 Aldermen, by request of the Sanitarium Management, appointed a com- 
 mittee consisting of three of the leading business men, a leading clergyman, 
 and the president of the City Bank, to look into the affairs of the institu- 
 tion. The two pages which follow present the essential portion of the com- 
 mittee's summary of their findings respecting the object, character, work, 
 and administration of the institution: 
 
 23 
 
THE LOBBY 
 
 THE MAIN PARLOR 
 24 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 REPORT OF THE CITIZENS' COMMITTEE 
 
 "Summing up the results of our investigations, we have to report as 
 follows: 
 
 "1. The fSanitarium is organized under the provisions of Act No. 242 
 of the Public Acts of the State of Michigan as a philanthrophic and char- 
 itable institution. 
 
 "The Articles of Association of the Battle Creek Sanitarium, so far 
 as they relate to the questions involved in our investigation, provide as 
 follows : 
 
 " 'The object of said corporation and other matters germane and aux- 
 iliary thereto, are as follows : 
 
 The Charitable and Philanthropic Objects of the Organization 
 
 " 'To found a liospital or charitahle asylum within the State of Michigan 
 for the care and relief of indigent or other sick or infirm persons, at which 
 institution may he received also patients and patrons who are able to and do 
 pay for the benefits there received, and ivhicli institution shall devote the 
 funds properly acquired and received by it from time to time from all 
 sources, exclusively to maintaining itself, improving its condition and fa- 
 cilities and promoting its purposes, by such sanitary, dietetic, hygienic, 
 and philanthropic reforms and efforts as are germane or auxiliary thereto; 
 all of its said purposes being undenominational, unsectarian, philanthropic, 
 humanitanan, charitable, and benevolent, and in no manner directly or 
 indirectly for private profit or dividend paying to any one.' 
 
 "3. It is therefore clear: 
 
 "a. That no profits of the institution can ever accrue or be lawfully 
 paid to any private party or parties whatsoever, 
 
 "b. That no funds of the institution can be lawfully sent outside the 
 State to build or support other enterprises of any kind. 
 
 "c. That any and all revenues of the institution must be devoted to 
 philanthropic and charitable work within the State of Michigan, and to 
 developing and extending the facilities of the institution itself, and for 
 these purposes only. 
 
 "d. That all of the property of the institution is held in trust for the 
 above philanthropic and charitable purposes only. 
 
 "e. That title to any of the property of the institution can never be 
 passed to any private party or parties whatsoever, but can only be trans- 
 ferred at the expiration of the statutory limit of the corporation to the 
 trustees of another corporation organized for the same purpose and under 
 similar restrictions. ... 
 
 "The revelations made by our investigation have been a surprise to 
 us. Not only were we personally unaware of the wholly philanthropic 
 nature of the institution, under the law, but we were also unaware of the 
 vast amount of charitable work performed by it, and the wonderful sac- 
 rifices made by the managers and employees generally. 
 
 "The large corps of physicians receive no professional fees, and only 
 weekly wages so small that their services are practically a charity. This 
 is also true of the hundreds of nurses and helpers. They are a band of 
 
THE PALM GARDEN 
 
 26 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 sincere people, conscientiously devoting themselves to a great work for 
 humanity, and not for personal gain. . . . 
 
 "The more deeply we have gone into the investigation, the more con- 
 vincing and overwhelming the proofs have become of the straightforward 
 management, the lofty purpose, the widespread beneficence of the insti- 
 tution, and above all, of the personal devotion and wonderful self-sacri- 
 fice of the nearly one thousand persons employed in it. 
 ' 'Eespectf ully submitted, 
 
 "S. 0. BUSH, 
 "I. L. STONE, 
 "GEO. E. HOWES, 
 "W. S. POTTER, 
 "NELSON ELDRED, 
 
 "Committee." 
 
 The above findings of the committee concerning the philanthropic char- 
 acter of the institution were confirmed by the decision in favor of the 
 institution in the tax suit brought for the purpose of determining the status 
 of the institution in its claim to exemption from taxes because of no private 
 interest in its earnings. 
 
 27 
 

 
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 AN EXAMINING OFFICE 
 
 THE LADIES' RECEIVING OFFICE 
 
 MEN 'S CORRIDOR 
 
 women's CORRIDOE 
 
 28 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM SYSTEM 
 
 HE application of the physiologic method requires for its 
 foundation more than an answer to the question, What disease 
 has this patient? Is it rheumatism, dyspepsia, locomotor 
 ataxia, neurasthenia, etc. ? It demands a minute inquiry into 
 the exact vital status of the individual ; a determination of the 
 degree of activity and efficiency of each of the great bodily 
 functions. It requires a complete inventory of the patient's vital assets. 
 To accomplish this, the patient must be tested and calipered by every 
 means known to science, and the results must be reduced to the most ex- 
 act mode of expression, to coefficients and ''graphics" when possible, for 
 convenience of comprehension and comparison. 
 
 These examinations must be made, not once, but many times, being re- 
 peated at frequent intervals, so that the effect of the treatment may be 
 recognized, and any necessary modifications may be made. 
 
 Receiving the Patient 
 
 The patient, on his arrival at the Sanitarium, after having selected his 
 room, visits the medical office, where his name and address are taken by the 
 receiving physician, and a few general facts respecting his case ascertained, 
 sufficient to make clear the general character of his case ; that is, whether it 
 be surgical or medical, and if medical, whether the services of a specialist 
 will be required, and if so, which department is indicated. The patient 
 is then assigned to the particular one of the thirty physicians employed in 
 the institution who is especially qualified by training and experience to best 
 deal with his particular case, and there is placed in his hand a blank pre- 
 scription booklet which bears his name and number, together with the name 
 of the physician to whom he is assigned. In this booklet will be recorded the 
 various prescriptions for hydrotherapy, phototherapy, mechanical and 
 manual movements, walking, swimming, and other exercises, hours for 
 rest, suggestions concerning diet, including the quantities expressed in 
 calories of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, and general suggestions. The 
 book also contains blanks for the records of the daily meals, of strength and 
 weight tests, and a blank program on which the physician will indicate the 
 hours for the various treatments, exercises, and measures to which the pa- 
 tient is to be subjected during each day. 
 
 The Examination 
 
 The physician designated takes the patient in hand, and listens to his 
 own account of his ailments. Assistance is often rendered by the letter 
 of introduction which the patient often brings from his home physician. 
 In this examination the aim is not simply to discover symptoms but to 
 learn the exact state of the fundamental vital processes, — what is the con- 
 dition of the patient's metabolism? Does metabolic insufficiency exist? 
 Is an abnormal degree of tissue destruction taking place? To what degree 
 is the functional efficiency of any vital organ or set of organs diminished, 
 
 29 
 
INSTRUMENTS EMPLOYED IN DIAGNOSIS 
 
 30 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 especially as regards muscle, heart, lungs, stomach, blood, liver, kidneys? 
 All known means are brought to bear to discover any possible organic 
 changes in the brain or nerves, heart, liver, kidneys, arteries or other 
 vital parts. Special emphasis is laid upon certain points M^hich are of par- 
 ticular interest in the application of hydriatic and other physiologic 
 methods. 
 
 The patient removes his clothing, or so much of it as is necessary, and 
 is subjected to a minute physical examination. 
 
 Then examination of the viscera is made so far as they are accessible by 
 physical means, inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion, etc. 
 
 In cases which indicate the necessity therefor, an internal examination 
 is made. 
 
 The patient is referred to experts in various departments, as the in- 
 dications may suggest. 
 
 The X-ray, through stereo-radiography and fluoroscopy with the bismuth 
 meal, renders valuable service. The electro-cardiograph, the sphygmograph, 
 and other graphic methods are employed, together with the respiration 
 calorimeter and all known efficiency tests. 
 
 Examination of the Skin 
 
 In making the physical examination, first attention is given to the skin, 
 note being taken not only of the color of the skin, as indicative of anemia, 
 chlorosis, Addison's disease, jaundice, metallic poisoning, certain drug 
 effects, etc., and of the presence or absence of common skin maladies, but 
 also of its texture and appearance, — whether it is dry or moist, etc. 
 The effects of mechanical and thermic stimuli are studied. Special note 
 is taken of the indications of intestinal autointoxication, concerning which 
 the skin rarely fails to give accurate and reliable information. In the em- 
 ployment of hydrotherapy, the study of the skin is particularly important, 
 for the reason that a bloodless, hide-bound skin, dry and rough to the touch, 
 not only indicates a deficient peripheral circulation, but is also necessarily 
 associated with an excessive accumulation of blood in the viscera. An 
 anemic skin generally means a congested liver, and the same condition of 
 other viscera. Hydriatic and other physiologic methods are the only means 
 by which this condition of the skin can be permanently improved, hence the 
 only means by which viscera congestion can be definitely removed. 
 
 Examination of the Mouth and the Tongue 
 
 Careful inspection of the mouth affords information not only in re- 
 lation to the teeth, but of the body in general, for decay of the teeth or 
 disease of the gums is very frequently a local indication of general vital 
 deterioration; and an infected state of the mouth may be an efficient and 
 continuing cause of intestinal or gastro-intestinal autointoxication. The 
 condition of the tongue and the breath is an important indication in re- 
 lation to intestinal autointoxication, a condition of primary importance in 
 the etiology and the therapeutics of chronic diseases. 
 
 Bacterial cultures are made in cases in which there is reason to suspect 
 
 31 
 
INSTRUMENTS EMPLOYED IN DIAGNOSIS 
 
 32 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 infection of the mouth with pathogenic bacteria. The throat, nose, tonsils. 
 and pharynx are inspected especially with reference to local infection 
 and a possible relation to intestinal autointoxication or other systemic 
 disease. 
 
 Testing the Lungs and the Heart . 
 
 The lungs are examined by the ordinary means, including determina- 
 tion of the lung capacity. In addition, determination is made, by means 
 of the universal dynamometer, of the strength of the diaphragm and of the 
 muscles of the chest. Imperfect aeration of the blood is not infrequently 
 the result of weakness and lack of tone of the respiratory muscles, although 
 the actual lung capacity may be ample. Many feeble invalids live' in a sta'te 
 of half asphyxiation, notwithstanding a splendid lung capacity, because of 
 deficient respiratory activity. Respiratory strength and respiratory weight 
 coefficients are obtained, which show at once the degree to which the respir- 
 atory function is deficient. 
 
 In addition to a stethoscopic examination and a careful noting of all 
 the indications of cardiac or circulatory disturbances, a determination 
 is made of the blood-pressure, both systolic and diastolic. 
 
 X-Ray Examination of the Heart 
 
 The marvelous advances made in X-ray technique within the last five 
 years have rendered this examination the most important and reliable means 
 of determining the size and position of the heart and large vessels. By a 
 very powerful apparatus which has recently been perfected, it is possible 
 to obtain a radiograph of the heart in a small fraction of a second so 
 sharp and accurate outlines of the heart are obtained. It is now also possi- 
 ble to apply the Roentgen cinematograph to the study of the movements of 
 the heart. The views of the heart and chest, as shown herewith, are fair 
 illustrations of the valuable aid given by the Roentgen laboratory of the in- 
 stitution in the study of diseases of the heart and blood-vessels. 
 
 The Electro-Cardiograph 
 
 The discovery that contractions of the heart are accompanied by the 
 production of electrical currents which can be measured, made ]yy Waller 
 more than twenty years ago, has finally led to the perfection of apparatus 
 by means of which information can be obtained respecting the morbid con- 
 ditions of the heart, both organic and functional, which cannot be obtained 
 in any other way. This new method, which is of the greatest value in the 
 study of diseases of the heart, is as yet very little known on this side of the 
 Atlantic. The management congratulate themselves in being among the 
 first to introduce into this country this important means of diagnosis. * The 
 accompanying plate shows the forms of cardiograms obtained in different 
 conditions of the heart and blood-vessels (Nicolai). 
 
 Study of the Blood-Pressure 
 
 The arteries are examined for evidence of degenerative change, note 
 being taken of the condition of both the arteries and the veins, s'phyg- 
 
 33 
 
BLOOD EXAMINATIONS 
 
 34 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 mographic tracings are made of the pulse, and cardiograph tracings are 
 made when there is any indication therefor. The growing prevalence of 
 arteriosclerosis, and the recognition of the important part which this dis- 
 order plays in a large number of chronic maladies, give to this feature of 
 the examination an importance which has come to be fully appreciated 
 only in recent times. 
 
 This research is especially important in the employment of the physio- 
 logic method for the reason that this method is the most efficient remedy 
 for disorders of blood-pressure. These conditions are purely symptomatic, 
 and can be relieved only by dealing with their causes. It is now generally 
 recognized that drugs which raise or lower blood-pressure are only pal- 
 liative in their effects, and, on the whole, do more harm than good. Most 
 drugs which diminish high blood-pressure ultimately produce secondary 
 low pressure, a still worse condition. 
 
 The resources of hydrotherapy render most valuable service both in 
 high-pressure and low-pressure cases. In their application these measures 
 must be most carefully gauged by the findings of the sphygmomanometer. 
 
 In making blood-pressure determinations, both the systolic and dias- 
 tolic readings are recorded. 
 
 These examinations are made by an expert daily at the Physiologic 
 Laboratory at 12 m. to 1 p. m. Patients are examined in their rooms when 
 unable to visit the office. 
 
 The large number of blood-pressure determinations which have been 
 made, numbering to date (July, 1912) over 30,000, has demonstrated 
 some very important practical facts in relation to the advantages of the 
 physiologic method. A second examination nearly always indicates a 
 marked fall within two or three weeks in high-pressure cases; while an 
 equally favorable rise occurs in cases in which the blood-pressure is ab- 
 normally low. This fact, it is believed, demonstrates in a large way the 
 advantages of the antitoxic diet and toxin-free regimen. 
 
 When the blood-pressure has been brought down from 200 mm. to 150 
 mm., or less, the usual result in cases not too far advanced, by the correction 
 of the patient's habits of life, and the application of physiologic measures, 
 and without the use of drugs of any sort, there is good ground for expecta- 
 tion that by carefully following a prescribed regimen the patient may 
 retain the benefits which have been received, and thus his span of useful 
 life may be considerably lengthened. 
 
 Examination of the Blood 
 
 This includes not only the determination of the hemoglobin by means 
 of Dare's instruments, but a determination of the blood-count,— that is, 
 the number of blood-cells per cubic millimeter. 
 
 In cases of anemia, suspected malarial infection, and all cases in which 
 other special indications are present, a differential count of the blood is 
 made. In cases in which gouty conditions are suspected, Garrod's test for 
 uric acid in the blood is made. 
 
 A bacteriological examination of the blood is made in cases in which 
 such an examination is likely to aid in diagnosis, as in suspected malignant 
 endocarditis and other blood infections. 
 
 35 
 
Dr. E..,K-...H. 
 
 No.'^lX22>. 
 
 BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM CLINICAL LABORATORY 
 
 REPORT ON BLOOD EXAMINATION 
 
 CaseofMV.^j,.'^^.^.' State.. %<m^. 
 
 PER CENT- 
 
 Hemoglobin. Dare 64 
 
 Red cells. N„.3 ,500 ,000 per cu. ,.„,. (Normal ] ^,™ ;„ 5,-J^) 77. 
 
 White Cells. No 1.6,800 per cu. mm. (Normal 7,500) 2.25. 
 
 One to 208 red (Normal i to 666) Color Index or Coefficient 8..3.. 
 
 Specific Gravity (Hammerschlag) ...1049 
 
 Blood Pressure. Systolic 125 Diastolic JLlO 
 
 Pulse 96 
 
 DIFFERENTIAL COUNT OF 600 LEUCOCYTES 
 
 NORMAL ELEMENTS 
 
 PER CKNT OF 
 NUMBER I ENTIRE 
 COLINTED I LEUCOCYTE 
 j COUNT 
 
 .3,60 1 .60 
 
 ...M 1 15 
 
 Small Lymphocytes 
 Large Lymphocytes 
 
 Large Mononuclear Leucocytes i 
 
 Transitional Forms - - -- 
 
 Polymorphonuclear Neutrophiles 4t^.U <d,0.« 
 
 Eosinophiles - - - 13 2« 
 
 
 PATHOLOGIC.A.L ELEMENTS 
 
 Myelocytes 
 
 (3-fi) 
 
 (1-2) 
 
 Normoblasts 
 
 Intermediate. 
 
 (!--') 
 
 Megaloblasts . 
 
 Microcytef 
 
 (2-4) 
 
 Mast Cells 
 
 Macrocytes ... 
 
 j (.r.) 
 JL.» 1 Poikilocytes 
 
 Avcraj^e measurement of red cells X.l/..2mikrons. (Normal 7^ mikrons.) 
 
 Morphology. 
 
 Parasites and other pathological elements HOllO present 
 
 This test to be repeated in 
 
 Remarks : 
 
 A... ..¥►.. .11* .Analyst 
 
 '■Date. S/26 .1^1 12 -^M. 
 
 EXAMINATIONS OF THE BLOOD 
 
 36 
 
TPIE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Blood determinations are made at the same hour daily, so that the find- 
 ings may be properly comparable. In cases in which there is marked devia- 
 tion from the normal standard, frequent re-examinations are made. 
 
 Gastric Examinations 
 
 In the office examination the physician makes note of the position of 
 the stomach, which is determined by percussion, palpation, inflation, the 
 X-ray, and other means. 
 
 Various tests for determining the gastric motility are made use of. 
 
 "When there is an indication therefor, a test meal is administered: first, 
 the test breakfast of Ewald; later, if necessary, a test dinner or a test sup- 
 per, the test meal of Boas, or other special meals as may be indicated. If 
 the patient vomits, an examination is made of the vomited matters. 
 
 The nature of the test meals and the method of administration are 
 those ordinarily employed, hence need not be described.* A difference 
 exists, however, in one important particular: the test meal, of whatever sort, 
 is made thoroughly aseptic before it is administered. Care is taken also to 
 make the tube thoroughly sterile. Ordinary bread is not used, as it eon- 
 tains immense numbers of bacteria, and often yeasts and molds. Plain 
 water bread, specially prepared in the form of zwieback, so as to be per- 
 fectly sterile and wholly free from bacteria, lactic acid, or other foreign 
 substances, is invariably used. 
 
 The chemical technic employed is essentially that of Hayem and AA^'inter, 
 of Paris, very elaborate and tedious, but of all methods the most exact. 
 This quantitative method gives information which can be obtained by no 
 other, and when supplemented by some of the methods of Toepfer, Mett, 
 and Marley, wdth some devised in our own laboratory, leaves nothing over- 
 looked that can be determined by chemical tests. 
 
 A thoroughly practical and efficient method of estimating the products 
 of carbohydrate digestion in the stomach was worked out in our laboratories 
 many years ago (1895), and has been in use since, having been applied in 
 more than 25,000 cases. This estimation of sugar and other soluble carbo- 
 hydrates is the only means of determining the degree of activity and ef- 
 ficiency of salivary digestion. 
 
 Gastric examination is the bacteriological study which was begun more 
 than twenty years ago and has been found to be of great service in dealing 
 with many forms of gastric disease, particularly chronic gastritis and 
 achylia. These examinations are repeated until the stomach is found to be 
 free from bacteria. 
 
 Flouroscopic and Cinematographic Examinations of the Stomach 
 
 By fluoroscopic examination of the stomach and intestine after a bismuth 
 meal complete information may be obtained respecting the motility of 
 these organs. The accuracy of the findings made by these methods has 
 been tested in many hundreds of cases in which subsequent operation was 
 performed. These new methods of examination have thrown great light 
 
 *Methods of Precision in the Investigation of Disorders of Digestion. Read 
 before the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, Oct. 13, 1892. Modem Med- 
 icine Publishing Co., Battle Creek, Mich. 
 
 37 
 
38 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 upon the physiology as well as the pathology of the stomach. By their use 
 in connection with stereoscopic radiographs it is possible to locate with 
 almost unerring certainty ulcers, neoplasms adhesions and other morbid 
 conditions which were formerly in many cases beyond the reach of the best 
 diagnostic skill. 
 
 The accompanying illustration will give something of an idea of the 
 invaluable service rendered by the radiographic department in the study of 
 diseases of the stomach and intestines. Highly useful information may be 
 obtained by radiographic and fluoroscopic examinations of the stomach in all 
 cases of chronic disease of this organ. 
 
 Bacteriological Examinations of Gastric Fluids 
 
 The systematic bacteriological examination of gastric fluids was be- 
 gun in the laboratory of hygiene of the Battle Creek Sanitarium in the 
 summer of 1895, and has been continuously carried forward since. The 
 technique developed at that time is still followed in its essential details. 
 Then it was generally believed that bacteria were constantly present in 
 the stomach in considerable numbers ; but by employing a sterile test meal, 
 it was discovered that bacteria are only exceptionally present in the stom- 
 ach, and that their presence is an indication of the absence of an efficient 
 gastric juice. In achylia great numbers of bacteria are always found 
 present, ordinarily two or three million per c.c. of gastric fluid, but oc- 
 casionally twenty millions or more. This determination is of the highest 
 importance as an indicator for the application of gastric antisepsis and 
 a test of the efficiency of the methods used. 
 
 The accompanying photo-reproductions of gastric reports (see page 
 42) show the findings in the case of an extreme hyper-hydrochloria and in 
 a case of achylia. 
 
 Examination of the Feces 
 
 Examination of the alimentary residue is scarcely secondary in im- 
 portance to examination of the gastric contents after a test meal. 
 
 Examination of the fecal residue gives us definite information respect- 
 ing the changes which the food has actually undergone while passing 
 through the entire length of the alimentary canal. The presence of un- 
 digested foodstuffs, of unabsorbed fats, proteins, or carbohydrates, of bac- 
 teria swarming in numbers vastly greater than the normal, are important 
 facts which have, until recently, been almost wholly left out of consider- 
 ation. The examination of the feces for tapeworm and other parasites, 
 though essential, is of small importance when compared with the determ- 
 ination of undigested or unused foodstuffs, and the presence of parasitic 
 bacteria in numbers fifty to a thousand times greater than the normal. 
 
 An examination of the feces is made in every case. The details of this 
 examination may be readily seen by reference to the accompanying illustra- 
 tion (page 44), which is a copy of a report made in a recent case. Special 
 emphasis is laid upon the bacteriological study of the feces as being of 
 far greater importance in a great majority of cases than the microscopical 
 and chemical study, although chemical and microscopical examinations 
 are not neglected and in a few cases are given essential information. 
 
 :{9 
 
GASTRIC LABORATORY 
 
 40 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 By means of the bacteriological examination an exact determination of 
 the condition of the flora is made. The character of the flora determines 
 the dietary and to a considerable degree also the treatment of the patient. 
 By repeated examinations it is possible to show what progress is being 
 made in getting rid of undesirable flora and reinstating the normal pro- 
 tective flora. This department is not only thoroughly equipped with all 
 necessary appliances, but employs a number of skilled and. experienced 
 bacteriologists, and in addition has the benefit of the great skill and ex- 
 perience of two consulting bacteriologists who are well recognized as 
 authorities in the bacteriology of the intestinal tract — Professor Tissier, 
 of the Pasteur Institute, Paris, and Dr. Distaso of the Royal Institute of 
 Public Health, London. 
 
 Thorough examination of the feces is made in every case on arrival, 
 and in cases requiring it the examinations are repeated at intervals during 
 the course of treatment. 
 
 The antitoxic character of the bill-of-fare discourages the growth of 
 putrefactive and other pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, as do also the 
 various means adopted for increasing peristaltic activity and so relieving 
 stasis. In all cases of intestinal autointoxication the patient is encouraged 
 to acquire the habit of moving the bowels at least three times daily, or 
 after each meal. This is not accomplished through the use of irritating 
 drugs, but by regulation of the diet and by restoration of the normal flora, 
 which, as has been shown by Tissier, is alone sufficient in the majority of 
 cases to secure normal bowel action. 
 
 Professor Tissier has shown that the normal protective flora of the in- 
 testine consists almost exclusively of Bacillus hifidus and other acetogen- 
 ous microbic species. To facilitate the change of flora which is found to 
 be absolutely necesary for a complete cure in most cases of chronic disease, 
 large use is made of cultures of protective micro-organisms, especially 
 cultures of the Bacillus hifidus obtained from Professor Tissier of the 
 Pasteur Institute and the Bacillus Bulgaricus of Grigoroff. The accom- 
 panying plate illustrates the practical value of this method of reinstating 
 the normal protective flora of the intestine. 
 
 Radiographic Examination of the Colon 
 
 The X-ray department renders invaluable service in the examination 
 of cases of chronic constipation and in cases in which there is suspicion of 
 cancer or other morbid growths in the intestine. By means of stereoscopic 
 radiography of the colon, which was perfected in the Roentgen laboratory of 
 this institution, it is possible to locate the exact seat of stasis in the in- 
 testine. The extreme value of the information obtained by means of radio- 
 graphic examinations of the colon is clearly sho\\Ti by the following illus- 
 trations, which are reproduced from plates selected from hundreds of 
 similar plates on file in our Roentgen laboratory. 
 
 By fluoroscopic examination of the colon while introducing bismuth 
 solution, the location of obstructions from contractions or kinks may be 
 exactly determined, together with the degree of existing obstruction. The 
 information obtained by this means is of the greatest service, not only in 
 
 41 
 
42 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 rendering possible an exact diagnosis, but also in suggesting means of 
 treatment. 
 
 In the application of massage to the colon the radiograph serves as a 
 most valuable guide. 
 
 Tests For Renal Efficiency 
 
 The condition of the kidneys is a matter of primary importance in 
 the great majority of cases of chronic disease. The ordinary examination of 
 the urine really gives very little information concerning either the con- 
 dition of the kidneys or of the metabolic processes of the body. When 
 disease of the kidneys is so far advanced that albumin and casts are found 
 present in the urine, it is generally too late to accomplish anything more 
 for the patient than to arrest the disease and by careful treatment and 
 regimen prolong his life and usefulness. A complete cure is of course im- 
 possible. A thoroughly reliable means of determining the actual efficiency 
 of the kidneys in the removal of toxins from the body has been long sought, 
 but until recently no really accurate method was available. We are now 
 in possession, however, of a method by which the efficiency of the kidneys 
 may be very accurately tested. This method, discovered by Drs. Geraghty 
 and Rountree, of Johns-Hopkins Hospital, we have tested in a large number 
 of cases and have found of the very greatest service in determining the 
 condition of the kidneys and thus aiding in settling important questions re- 
 lating to prognosis, fitness for operation, etc. 
 
 Another important test for renal efficiency is the "water test." The 
 patient is given a liter of water in the morning before taking food or liquid 
 and the amount eliminated in the following five hours indicates the power 
 of the kidneys to eliminate water, which is perhaps its most important 
 function. Eighty per cent of the water taken should be recovered in the 
 time named. 
 
 The Urinary Examination 
 
 As ordinarily made, urinary examinations give comparatively little 
 information. The solid substances found in the urine have two sources of 
 origin; first, the foodstuffs; second, the tissues. No examination of the 
 urine can be considered as exact and resting upon a scientific basis which 
 does not take account of the ingested substances, as well as of those re- 
 sulting from tissue metabolism. 
 
 The first urinary examination is made at once on the patient's arrival. 
 A searching examination of the urine is made by the most exact methods 
 known to physiologic chemistry. 
 
 The function of the pancreas is tested by the Cammidge reaction of 
 the urine and by application of the method of Gros to the feces. The 
 efficiency of the liver is also determined by suitable tests. 
 
 The Wasserman test for syphilis is made and the opsonic index de- 
 termined in cases in which these tests are indicated. 
 
 The Bacteriological Laboratory 
 
 The bacteriological laboratory was equipped and put into operation 
 years ago (1895), after two visits to the Pasteur Laboratory of Paris and 
 
 43 
 
Examination of Feces 
 
 Xo 14473,.. Bnir Sept....2.7, /ry;^, 
 
 3/ H. A. JI. ^,. M. 
 
 PHYSICAL 
 
 Amount moist gms I?.?. 
 
 Amoimt dry ...s-ms _...l :.f...... 
 
 Color ' 1 ^^^^ 
 
 Odor 
 
 Putrid 
 
 Form 
 
 Mushy 
 
 Food remnants 
 
 Ilorraal 
 
 
 Mucus 
 
 Mixed 
 
 Parasites 
 
 
 
 CHE,MICAL 
 
 
 
 Beaetion J ^'1'* Acid c. c. 
 
 1 N/10 Alk. c. c °^. 
 
 Biuret ^.T^.9.. 
 
 -,, /Proteolytic .9. , 
 
 Enzymes | ^„^^,^j^.^.^. 
 
 Bile reduction .0. 
 
 Occult Blood Q 
 
 Blood Q 
 
 BACTERIOLOGICAL 
 
 Dominant Bacteria Mary B.J7elchii, many B.Coli, 
 
 Protetis Vulgaris. 
 
 Character of Flora. 
 
 Bad 
 
 MICROSCOPICAL 
 
 Vegetable cells D.. 
 
 Starch granides.... .9.. 
 
 Fat globules 9-. 
 
 Fatty acid crystals ..:.. 
 
 Soap crystals ...f.QJP. 
 
 Yellow ealciimi salts few 
 
 Amnion io-Magnesinm phosphate ciyst Q 
 
 Other crystals ....phosphates 
 
 Pus Q 
 
 Blood .0 
 
 Epithelia Q 
 
 Parasites ..-. ....9. 
 
 Parasitic Ova ....^ ..9. 
 
 ^■^^■^^-^^ C:,..N,..R, Analyst. 
 
 4:4: 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 other European laboratories, and was placed in charge of an expert who 
 had been trained under Pasteur, in the Pasteur Institute. 
 
 This department, in charge of trained bacteriologists, also has the ad- 
 vantage of advice and counsel of two of the most eminent living bacteriol- 
 ogists, who have been for many years connected with the Pasteur Insti- 
 tute of Paris, namely. Professor Tissier of the Pasteur Institute, and 
 Doctor Distaso, formerly first assistant to Professor Metchnikoff, of the 
 Pasteur Institute and now bacteriologist of the Royal Institute of Public 
 Health of London, and consulting bacteriologist to leading London hos- 
 pitals. Research work is constantly in progress in this department, in which 
 great assistance is derived, as well as in the settlement of individual 
 problems which are constantly arising, from the advice and counsel of 
 the eminent experts above mentioned. 
 
 Bacteriological examinations of all sorts and the preparation of vaccines 
 for the purpose of combating various forms of bacterial infection by im- 
 munization are supplied by this department to meet the needs of special 
 oases. 
 
 In addition to the ordinary sputum and similar examinations which 
 are made in this department, special researches are made for the purpose 
 of determining the presence or absence of bacteria in the blood and other 
 tissues, and original studies are constantly in progress. 
 
 A large amount of work is done for the general public and the profes- 
 sion of Battle Creek and vicinity, as the Sanitarium Clinical Laboratory is 
 also the official laboratory for the municipality of Battle Creek. Hundreds 
 of examinations of milk, drinking water, and food supplies of various sorts 
 are annually made for the Health Department of the city, in addition to 
 special examinations of specimens relating to typhoid fever, pneumonia, 
 diphtheria, and other maladies. The report of this department for the 
 year ending Dec. 31, 1911, showed the following work done: — 
 
 Report of Clinical Laboratories for the Year 1911 
 
 Bacteriological examinations for diphtheria 295 
 
 Bacteriological examinations of sputum --.... 378 
 
 Bacteriological examinations of gastric fluid 136 
 
 Bacteriological examinations of feces •■ 2,598 
 
 Bacteriological examinations of urine 48 
 
 Bacteriological examinations of blood 14 
 
 Determinations of opsonic index - 5 
 
 Examinations of blood for malarial plasmodia 82 
 
 Examinations of blood for trypanasomes 2 
 
 Examinations of blood for Widal reaction - , 86 
 
 Examinations of blood for Wasserman reaction 96 
 
 Examinations for diplococcus of Neisser 86 
 
 Bacteriological examinations of pus 50 
 
 Bacteriological examinations unclassified ....-- 48 
 
 Examinations of blood for blood-count and hemoglobin 6,223 
 
 Differential counts of white blood corpuscles 327 
 
 45 
 
LABORATORY FOR FECAL 
 
 46 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Quantitative examinations of urine -- 7,303 
 
 Complete quantitative examinations of urine with determination of uric acid, 
 
 phosphates, sulphates, ammonia, and total nitrogen 69 
 
 Chemical examinations of gastric fluids .... 1,367 
 
 Chemical and microscopical examinations of feces 2,597 
 
 Fecal examinations, experimental researcli 85 
 
 Chemical examinations of foods - 147 
 
 Examinations of foods, experimental research 66 
 
 Chemical and bacteriological examinations of milk 192 
 
 Chemical and bacteriological examinations of water 46 
 
 Microscopic examinations of tissues from operations and autopsies 309 
 
 Total - 22,655 
 
 The Graphic Method 
 
 For many years special attention has been given to the graphic method 
 in the representation of the results obtained by laboratory and clinical 
 research in individual cases. One of the more recent and most practical 
 applications of the method is to the study and management of cases of 
 disturbed metabolism. While this method is applied to numerous forms of 
 metabolic disturbance, it renders most essential service in the treatment 
 of cases of diabetes, obesity, and the various cachexias. The accompanying 
 graph shows the progress of the diabetic patient under treatment. 
 
 In making this graphic study of metabolism, note is taken of the fol- 
 lowing data, which is determined with great care by experts in the several 
 methods of examination required: — 
 
 1. The amount of food sugar (calculated as glucose). 
 
 2. The amount of urinary sugar. 
 
 3. The coefficient of sugar utilization. 
 
 4. The food and urinary nitrogen. 
 
 5. The nitrogen balance and from it the tissue loss or gain. 
 
 6. The amount of acidosis (acetone and diacetic acid). 
 
 'The study of metabolism has been recently much facilitated by the in- 
 stallation of the new respiration calorimeter devised by Doctor Benedict of 
 the Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory at Boston. Through the courtesy of 
 Doctor Benedict the expert in charge of this department was permitted to 
 spend some weeks in the practical use of this ingenious and delicate appa- 
 ratus in the Boston laboratory, under instruction by Doctor Benedict, and 
 thus we are enabled to make the first application of this new method to the 
 study and treatment of clinical cases. This apparatus is shown in the ac- 
 companying cut. 
 
 By means of the respiration calorimeter, it is now possible to study with 
 accuracy the metabolism of starch and other carbohydrates, a matter of 
 much interest not only in cases of diabetes, but also in cases of obesity, 
 emaciation, and various cachexias. 
 
 47 
 
LABORATORY FOR URINARY EXAMINATION 
 48 
 
PHYSICAL 
 
 
 Per cent 
 of Av'a^e 
 
 Average 
 Men 
 
 Average 
 Women 
 
 Collected during (hrs.) 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 Quantity . . . . (c. C.) 
 
 
 
 1200 
 
 1100 
 
 Color 
 
 
 
 Amber 
 
 Amber 
 
 Deposit 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Odor 
 
 
 
 Urinous 
 
 Urinous 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Specific Gravity 
 
 
 
 1013 
 
 1012 
 
 Total Solids . . . (gm) 
 
 
 
 34.19 
 
 27.46 
 
 Freezing Point ^ 
 
 
 
 —1.31° 
 
 —1.15° 
 
 Urinary Depuration 
 
 
 
 4.175 
 
 4.200 
 
 Water Elimination 
 
 
 
 80% 
 
 80% 
 
 Renal Efficiency (Phthalein Test) 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHEMICAL 
 
 Ac. Terms H^ PO^ (gm) 
 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 .79 
 
 Total Nitrogen . (gm) 
 
 
 
 7.43 
 
 5.40 
 
 Urea .... (gm) 
 
 
 
 13.29 
 
 9.88 
 
 Uric Acid . . . (gm) 
 
 
 
 
 .332 
 
 .308 
 
 Ammonia . . . (gm) 
 
 
 .300 
 
 .295 
 
 Creatinin . . . (gm) 
 
 
 
 .96 
 
 .63 
 
 Chlorides . . . (gm) 
 
 
 
 6.89 
 
 6.93 
 
 Phosphates . . (gm) 
 
 
 
 1.75 
 
 1.17 
 
 Fixed Sulphates . (gmSOg) 
 
 
 
 1.113 
 
 .776 
 
 Ethereal Sulphates (gmSOg) 
 
 
 
 .132 
 
 .106 
 
 Neutral Sulphur . (gmS03) 
 
 
 
 .186 
 
 .200 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sugar .... (gm) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Diacetic Acid 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Acetone 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Albumin . . (% Vol.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bile 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Indican 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Indolacetic Acid 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Urobilin 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MICROSCOPICAL 
 
 Organic 
 Casts .' . (No. in field) 
 
 Chemical 
 Urates 
 Uric Acid Crystals 
 
 Pus Cells . (No. in field) 
 
 Calc. Oxal. Crystals 
 
 Blood Cells (No. in field) 
 
 
 Spermatozoa (No. in field) 
 Epithelia Mucus 
 Bacteria Yeast Cells 
 
 Phosphates 
 
 Triple Phos. Crystals 
 
 Other Crystals 
 
 URINARY EXAMINATION BLANK 
 49 
 
THE DYNAMOMETER 
 
 50 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Anthropometric Examinations 
 
 In the office examination a careful note is taken of the condition of 
 the patient's muscles, his general state as regards weight, etc., but the 
 examination does not stop at this point. By means of a specially con- 
 structed dynamometer, the strength of each one of the larger groups of 
 muscles is tested. The patient's weight is carefully determined, and 
 various coefficients are worked out. 
 
 The physiologic method recognizes in deteriorated muscular strength 
 both a cause and a consequence of various abnormal states, and hence under- 
 takes to remedy this condition by means of various forms of exercise — 
 passive, active, and active-passive. 
 
 The intelligent application of this means requires first of all a careful 
 measurement of the patient's muscular capacity. The strength of the 
 lungs can not be determined by testing the arms ; neither can the strength 
 of the abdominal muscles be measured by determining the strength of the 
 grip. The strength of each of the thirty great muscular groups of the 
 body must be determined and charted in order to get an exact picture 
 of the sum total of the patient's muscular ability. 
 
 An attempt to accomplish this, after some years of experiment, re- 
 sulted in the construction of the Universal Dynamometer, which is in use 
 in many gymnasiums, including those of the leading universities of this 
 country, and has been for years in use by the United States government 
 in its military and naval schools. 
 
 The comparative study of the measurements obtained from several 
 hundred persons rendered possible the preparation of a table of strength 
 coefficients of considerable scientific interest.* 
 
 The Strength Graphic 
 
 The accompanying photo-reproduction of the graphic blank (see page 
 53) shows how the results of the dynamometer examination are made visible 
 to the eye. Anthropometric measurements, such as are employed in 
 scientific gymnasia, are also made in each individual case. 
 
 Examinations of 32,098 cases (Dec. 31, 1911), have been made in 
 this department. The standard figures were of course worked out from 
 data of healthy persons. The compilation of this data has made possible the 
 preparation of a table showing the strength of various groups of muscles 
 as compared Avith those of homologous muscles, or muscles of the opposite 
 side in the same individual, and in average individuals of the two sexes. 
 
 For ready comparison with the normal standard the results are plotted 
 upon the graphic blank, which is shown in reduced form. By means of 
 this graphic record it is possible to determine at a glance the relation of 
 the strength of any group of muscles to the normal for an individual of 
 
 *"A New Dynamometer for Use in Anthropometiy," "Phvsieal Coefficients." 
 Modern Medicine, 1895. Battle Creek, Mich. 
 
 "The Vah;e of Strength Tests in the Prescription of Exercise." Modern Med- 
 icine, 1896. Battle Creek, Mich. 
 
 51 
 
TESTING THE MUSCLES 
 
 52 
 
HIMUT In 
 
 g| ^ rf 
 
NEUROLCGICAL EXAMINATION 
 
 51 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 given height and sex, as well as the total for the legs, arms, or any other 
 given part, or for the body as a whole. 
 
 Under training, the gain in strength, as shown by the dynamometer, 
 is^ often very rapid, a gain of 500 pounds in a week being not uncommon. 
 
 The Study of the Physique 
 
 In the anthropometric examination, special note is made of the physique 
 and the figure, the condition of such important groups of muscles as thos^ 
 of the back and abdomen, and the respiratory muscles. When necessary, 
 outlines are taken of the body by means of a special device for the purpose, 
 by which deviations from the normal type are graphically shown. 
 
 The correction of these deficiencies and deformities is essential to a 
 permanent cure in many forms of chronic disease. A flat chest and a bulg- 
 ing abdomen are most always associated with intestinal catarrh, constipation, 
 indigestion, gallstones, colon disease, appendicitis, pelvic disease, congested 
 liver, movable kidneys, or some other pathological condition which is in 
 part at least the result of muscular weakness or deficient development and 
 can be permanently cured only by strengthening the weak muscles by 
 proper exercises. 
 
 Neurological and Physiological Examinations 
 
 A careful phj^siological and neurological examination is essential in 
 many cases. Such examinations may afford valuable information in a 
 very large number of the chronic cases which come under observation in an 
 institution like the Sanitarium. For example, neurasthenics are often 
 greatly disturbed by paresthesias and other symptoms which do not indi- 
 cate organic change of any sort, and which quickly disappear under appro- 
 priate treatment. 
 
 A great point is gained in being able to assure such persons by careful 
 neurological and psychological tests that their brains and nerves are sound 
 organically, and that the clamoring sensations which they experience are 
 only the reflected complaints of disordered viscera, or the outgrowth of 
 disturbed metabolism. 
 
 Modern neurological and psychological researches have developed a 
 number of new methods by which the structural and functional conditions 
 of the central nervous system may be tested. By subjecting the patient to 
 the proper tests, it is possible to determine with accuracy the actual con- 
 dition of the principal cerebral and spinal centers, and the extent of devia- 
 tipn f rom the normal standard may thus be recognized and recorded. 
 
 In these examinations the chronometer, kymograph, and various other 
 delicate calipering and measuring devices of the psychologic laboratory are 
 appealed to, and often with the most interesting results, showing the 
 variations in the rate of nerve transmission, or of the recognition of im- 
 pressions of various sorts, the time required for judgment or decision, 
 the reaction time with various forms of stimuli, etc. 
 
 These tests are exceedingly valuable to the physician employing the 
 physiologic method, in enabling him to know the ability of the patient 
 to respond to the various powerful therapeutic agencies which are at com- 
 mand for utilization in his case. Hydriatic agents are like artillery; they 
 
 55 
 
5G 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 are big guns, capable of accomplishing great good if ])j'operly aimed, 
 bait may be equally effective for mischief when used without intelligent 
 direction. 
 
 Convenient graphic blanks representing various regions of the body 
 are utilized in recording the pathological conditions which can be graph- 
 ically represented. 
 
 The Photographic Department 
 
 An extensive photographic department is maintained, experienced 
 photographers being constantly employed. The business of this department 
 is to make photographs of pathological conditions when required, as an aid 
 to the medical record, and to makke slides, photographic enlargements, and 
 other paraphernalia for use in the school of health and other educational 
 departments of the institution. The photographs with which this book is 
 illustrated are the product of this department. 
 
 This department is fitted out with apparatus for making moving pict- 
 ures and photographs in natural colors. It renders invaluable service also 
 in reproducing the radiographs of the Roentgen Ray department for pur- 
 poses of record and to send to physicians by whom are sent patients for 
 examination. 
 
 Special Examinations 
 
 Thoroughgoing examinations of the bladder by means of the cystoscope 
 are made in cases in which there are indications of bladder disease. Ex- 
 aminations are also made of the ureter and the kidneys in cases of suspected 
 disease of these organs. 
 
 Bectoscopy is largely employed as an aid in dealing with diseased con- 
 ditions of the rectum and lower colon. 
 
 The bronchoscope is employed when necessary for the examination of 
 the trachea and bronchi, and for the removal of foreign bodies which find 
 entrance to these parts. 
 
 The newly perfected gastroscope of Eisner is found useful as a means 
 of diagnosis, but also permits the making of applications to the gastric 
 mucous membrane. 
 
 The esophagoscope permits the removal of foreign bodies from all parts 
 of the esophagus and also from the interior of the stomach. 
 
 Wasserman reaction, Pirquet, and other tests for tuberculosis and all 
 other known special tests are employed as indicated in individual cases. 
 
 57 
 
DENTAL DEPAflTMENT 
 
 THE DENTAL NURSE 
 
 MEN 'S RECEIVING OFFICE 
 58 
 
THE KECORD VAULT 
 
 STEREOPTICON SLIDE RACK 
 
 59 
 
60 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM SYSTEM 
 OF HYDROTHERAPY 
 
 HIS system of using water therapeutically has been worked 
 out at the Battle Creek Sanitarium during nearly forty years 
 of scientific work. 
 
 The crude but thoroughgoing methods of the original sys- 
 tem of Priessnitz, which succeeded among the hardy mountain- 
 eers of Austrian Silesia, were much too strenuous for more deli- 
 cately organized and pampered American invalids. This fact, together with 
 the gross empiricism which characterized the use of water in the first half 
 of the last century, when water-cures were for a time almost a fad, brought 
 water into general disrepute as a curative means, and greatly hindered the 
 scientific development of this invaluable agent. 
 
 Organized Hydrotherapy 
 
 The older system lacked greatly in adaptability, because of the want 
 of means of accurate adjustment to different grades of vitality and various 
 peculiarities of temperament. Many new methods have been devised to fill 
 in the gaps, and have made possible a perfectly graduated course of hy- 
 driatic procedures by which the tonic effects of cold water are made avail- 
 able to the feeblest patient as well as the strongest. 
 
 The Battle Creek Sanitarium system of hydrotherapy gives due promi- 
 nence to hot as well as to cold applications. As first introduced into this 
 country, hydrotherapy was essentially a ' ' cold water cure, " as it was pop- 
 ularly called, and thousands were more or less damaged by the routine 
 and drastic procedures of those days, while many other thousands failed 
 to derive from hydriatic measures the benefits which they might have re- 
 ceived under scientific management, and as a natural result the whole 
 system fell into disrepute, and water as a curative agent acquired a bad 
 reputation, which in uninformed quarters still clings to it. 
 
 The Battle Creek Sanitarium System for the first time correlated with 
 the use of water in all possible forms the use of electricity, medical gym- 
 nastics, massage, dietetics, phototherapy, and all other physiologic measures 
 of cure, by this means greatly increasing its efficiency, and constituting a 
 practical and organized system of physiologic therapeutics in one place 
 and under one management. 
 
 Here was first developed an organized and systematized assemblage of all 
 known curative agents, especially those of a physical nature, in actual 
 practical operation. Elsewhere most of the same agents may be found in use 
 singly, and hence less effectively, and, as a result, in many cases, unsuc- 
 cessfully. Here all work together in therapeutic concert, and are thus 
 able to achieve success in cases in which less systematic and thorough- 
 going therapeutic attempts have failed. 
 
 61 
 
62 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Mydriatic Equipment 
 
 Two complete buildings are devoted to this department,— one i'()i- luen. 
 the other for women. They are both connected with the main Ijuildiny 
 and with the large gymnasium by a great semi-circular corridor, the gym- 
 nasium standing between. Each of the buildings has three stories and a 
 basement and is one hundred and forty feet long bjy sixty-six feet wide. 
 The well-aired and lighted basement is devoted to rectal and bowel ap- 
 plications and classrooms; the first floor, to all forms of general and local 
 hydriatic applications. At the east end is a fine swimming-pool which 
 is maintained at a temperature of about 78 degrees F. A smaller pool has 
 a temperature of 60 degrees F. 
 
 The Electric Light Bath 
 
 On the first floor are found the various forms of the electric-light bath,— 
 one of the most important additions to modern therapeutics, and one of the 
 many outgrowths of the experience of the Battle Creek Sanitarium. Here 
 also are various sprays and douches, including several fine steam douches, 
 by which most excellent revulsive effects can be produced, and a giant 
 douche which pours down a perfect torrent of water at a temperature a 
 little above 50 degrees F., thus giving a range of effects suitable to every 
 possible case. 
 
 That hydrotherapy has won a definite and permanent place in modern 
 rational therapeutics can no longer be questioned, and the Battle Creek 
 Sanitarium claims recognition as the pioneer in scientific hydrotherapy 
 among the medical institutions of this country. Here have been developed 
 a great number of additions to the methods and technique of this invabi- 
 able therapeutic method. 
 
 Physiologic Tonics 
 
 As a tonic, cold water has no superior. The cold spinal douche often 
 accomplishes marvelous results and in a wonderfully short space of time 
 in certain classes of neurasthenics. The tonic sitz baths, cold mitten fric- 
 tions, salt glows, towel rubs, wet sheet rubs, wet and dry packings, com- 
 presses, and full baths of various sorts, including Nauheim baths, eiectro- 
 hydric baths, shallow and neutral baths, are only a few of the numerous 
 hydriatic procedures which are daily in effective use as a part of the Battle 
 Creek Sanitarium System. 
 
 Electro-Hydric Baths and Massages 
 
 The second floor of each of the treatment buildings is devoted chiefly 
 to electrical baths, massage, and local applications of heat by means of the 
 electric thermophore, the photophore, and the arc-light. A large semi- 
 circular space is devoted to manual Swedish Movements. 
 
 The Physiologic Effects of Hydriatic Applications 
 
 In scientific hydrotherapy, every therapeutic application of water is 
 based upon a knowledge of the physiologic effects of the given application 
 as worked out by careful laboratory research. 
 
 63 
 
64 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 These researches have shown that both heat and t-ohl may be employed 
 in such a way as to produce profound effects, both excitant and depressant, 
 not only upon the skin, with which the applications are brought into direct 
 contact, but upon every organ and function of the body. Most profound 
 effects may be produced by suitable application, upon the heart and circu- 
 lation, the absorption of oxygen by the lungs and oxidation processes in the 
 tissues, heat production and elimination, absorption and metabolism, liver 
 action, renal activity, gastric and intestinal secretions and motility, hema- 
 togenesis, phagocytosis, and general vital resistance. By suitable appli- 
 cations, either hot or cold, or hot and cold in alternation, most profound reflex 
 effects may be produced, inducing vasodilatation or vasoconstriction in every 
 important bodily viscus, thus exciting or depressing activity of the heart, 
 the brain, and the spinal cord, the stomach, the intestines, the bladder, the 
 kidneys, the uterus, or any organ the function of which it may be desired 
 to influence. 
 
 A complete description of the principles and technique of the system of 
 hydrotherapy which has been developed and is in practical operation at the 
 Battle Creek Sanitarium may be found in a volume entitled "Rational 
 Hydrotherapy." This system includes more than two hundred different 
 applications. 
 
 LOBBY OF ladies' BATH DEPARTMENT 
 
 65 
 
WALKING LEG BATH 
 
 CORRIDOR IN MEN^S BATH 
 
 MEN 'S SWIMMING POOL 
 
 66 
 
UYDRIATIC PRCCEDURES 
 
 G7 
 
GS 
 
PHOTOTHERAPY 
 G9 
 
THERMOTHERABY 
 70 
 
PHOTOTHERAPY AND THERMOTHERAPY 
 
 ins department employs both the solar light and the electric 
 light. In summer-time the solar light is used both direct and 
 after filtering through a blue glass screen (to diminish its 
 intensity when required). In winter-time the arc light is 
 chiefly relied upon as a source for the actinic rays. 
 
 Within the last thirty years electricity has won its way to 
 the front rank as a therapeutic agent. 
 
 The electric light is one of the most important applications in the cura- 
 tive art. 
 
 The electric light is applied by means of the photophore, the incandes- 
 cent electric-light bath, and the arc-light bath. 
 
 Electro-thermophores of various sorts are also in use. The electro- 
 thermophore consists of pads, compresses, or blankets in which wires are 
 interwoven which are heated by electricity. Scores of these are in constant 
 use. 
 
 Phototherapy 
 
 Phototherapy holds a very prominent place in the Battle Creek Sani- 
 tarium System. It is here that the incandescent light was first utilized 
 as a therapeutic means. Here the first electric-light bath was constructed. 
 The original model devised and still in use here has been closely followed by 
 those who have employed this bath in various parts of the world. At the 
 present time, this important therapeutic means is recognized and utilized 
 by progressive therapeutists in all civilized countries. Thousands are in 
 use in the leading hospitals and sanitariums of Europe, and the value of 
 this bath is rapidly coming into recognition in this country. 
 
 The Actinic Ray 
 
 Most powerful chemical light effects are now obtainable by means of the 
 quartz lamp which has recently been perfected. This light gives off almost 
 pure chemical rays which are so highly active that it is not safe to expose 
 the eyes to the direct action of the light. Exposure of the skin for four or 
 five minutes produces very active photo dermititis .wdthout sensible heat 
 effects. The actinic ray is found extremely valuable for derivative effects 
 in applications to the chest in cases of chronic bronchitis and over the liver 
 for relief of hepatic congestion. It is useful in many forms of sTan diseases. 
 It may be applied successfully to different portions of the sMri' until the 
 whole surface of the body has been covered, as a-^ means of permanently 
 increasing the surface circulation. The actinic ray is also useful in various 
 skin affections, particularly psoriasis and acne. 
 
 *'Thototherapy and Thermotherapy." A System of •: PJwsiologi^'al' Thera- 
 peutics. Vol. IX. P. Blaldston's Sons &^Co., Philadelphia, 19Ql.:-^Thoto- 
 therapy in Chronic Diseases," American .Eieetrotherapeutic Association, Sept. 
 13-16, 1904, St. Louis, Mo. Archives of Physiological Therapy, Feb., 1905. 
 
72 
 
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT* 
 
 LECTRICITY is not capable of accomplishing half the mar- 
 vels that are claimed for it by many enthusiastic electro- 
 therapists, but it is, nevertheless, an extremely valuable thera- 
 peutic agent, especially when utilized in connection with 
 hydrotherapy, thermotherapy, and other physiologic methods. 
 By itself, its usefulness is extremely limited, but in connec- 
 tion with other physiologic measures this agent is capable of securing most 
 excellent results. 
 
 The Sinusoidal Current 
 
 The form of electrical current most in use here is the sinusoidal. This 
 is a current, the peculiar properties of which were discovered in this. in- 
 stitution more than twenty-five years ago and described in a scientific 
 paper published soon after and read at a meeting of the American Medical 
 Association. 
 
 Dr. d'Arsonval, of Paris, some years later made the same discovery, 
 and to him is due the credit of having accurately studied and described 
 the current and made its properties known to the world. 
 
 This current has the advantage of being painless in application, even 
 while producing the most vigorous muscular contractions. It is employed 
 as a means of passive exercise, especially for the development of the 
 muscles of the back in spinal curvatures, and the muscles of 
 the abdomen in cases of enteroptosis. It is also an excellent means of 
 exercising paralyzed muscles when they have not reached a too advanced 
 stage of degeneration, and furnishes a convenient method of inducing 
 vigorous passive exercise of the muscles in cases of obesity and diabetes in 
 which the patient is too feeble to take the requisite amount of exercise 
 in walking or other means of muscular activity. 
 
 The galvanic current is largely utilized in appropriate cases ; also the 
 faradic current. Some of the methods employed in the use of the galvanic 
 current it is believed are rendered more efficient by modifications which 
 have grown out of experience in the use of this agent in this establishment, 
 especially in connection with various hydriatic measures. 
 
 The static current provided by a large machine (the largest ever con- 
 structed) is found extremely useful in certain classes of cases, especially 
 the paresthesias of neurasthenia, insomnia, and certain forms of neuralgia. 
 
 *"A Discussion of Electrotherapeutic Metliods," International System of 
 Electrotherapeutics, F. A. Davis Company, Publishers, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 "Electrotherapeutics in Chronic Maladies," International Electrical Congress, 
 St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 22, 1904. Modern Medicine, Oct. and Nov., 1904. 
 
 "Graphic Study of Electrical Currents in Relation to Therapeutics, with 
 Special Reference" to the Sinusoidal Current." Proceedings of the American 
 Electrotherapeutic Association, Chicago, September, 1893. 
 
STATIC ELECTRICAL AXI) II I<; IM'RKQUEXC Y DEPARTMENT 
 74 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 The high, frequency current is utilized iu eases to which it is adapted. 
 Although the full value of this form of electrical current is not yet clearly 
 determined, it has certainly proved itself capable of producing some very 
 useful therapeutic results in relieving pain and lowering blood-pressure, 
 and in certain forms of skin disease and certain nervous affections. The 
 apparatus for the use of these measures are the best that can be obtained 
 in the United States or Europe, including Ruhmkorf coils and all accessory 
 devices. 
 
 The X-Ray Department 
 
 Few scientific discoveries have contributed more to the advancement of 
 rational medicine than that of the X-ray. By means of the mysterious rays 
 discovered by Roentgen, it is possible to obtain information concerning in- 
 ternal parts of the greatest value. The great attention which has been given 
 to this subject by experts in various parts of the world has thrown im- 
 portant light upon a great number of internal morbid conditions which 
 were previously most obscure and the exact diagnosis of which was often 
 wholly impossible. 
 
 By means of the X-ray it is now possible to determine the presence and 
 location of tumors of the brain. Cancerous growths and other diseased 
 conditions in the bones, as well as injuries to the bones resulting from 
 accident, and congenital defects, may now be studied with a scrutiny which 
 in former times was possible only after death. Diseased conditions of the 
 lungs may be shown by successful use of the X-ray long before the diseased 
 condition is revealed by physical signs of any sort. Various morbid con- 
 ditions of the heart and other internal parts, as well as the location of 
 foreign bodies which have been swallowed, may be determined. 
 
 The Bismuth Meal 
 
 One of the most useful of all the applications of the X-ray in diagnosis 
 is the bismuth meal. The ordinary test meal gives exceedingly valuable in- 
 formation concerning the digestive work of the stomach, but throws very 
 little light upon the motility of the stomach; that is, of the action of the 
 stomach itself upon the foods. It has come to be recognized more and more 
 of recent years that a large measure of the disorders of the stomach are de- 
 pendent upon disturbances in its muscular activity or motility. By means 
 of the bismuth meal, the movements of the stomach as well as those of the 
 intestine may be made visible, and the rate of movement and the digestion of 
 foodstuffs along the alimentary canal may be actively noted. 
 
 This study has shown that the alimentary canal is divided into sections 
 by a series of valves and folds which may be termed gates. A study of di- 
 gestive orders in the light of the information which the X-ray has given us 
 through this new means of investigation, shows that nearly all the digestive 
 disorders are the result of trouble at one or more of these gates. In healthy 
 digestion the food moves from one to another of the several compartments, 
 pausing in each one until the work done in that section of the digestive ap- 
 paratus is accomplished, then moving on to the next compartment. When 
 a gate does not open promptly, stagnation of the digesting food material 
 occurs, fermentations and putrefactions take place; the mucous membrane 
 
 75 
 
APPLICATION OF SINUSODIAL ELECTRICITY 
 
 THE SINUSOIDAL BATH — ELECTRICAL GYMNASTICS 
 
 7G 
 
TIJK HATTI^K ('i.KKK SA X ITAKI IIM 
 
 becomes diseased; autointoxication results, and vai'ious grave . disorders 
 follow. In some cases infections travel up from the lower part of the in- 
 testine to the upper part, giving rise to gall stones, ulceration of the duo- 
 denum, gastric stasis, and ulcer, and other morbid conditions. If, on the 
 other hand, a gate is too widely open, the foodstuffs pass too (pnckly along 
 the canal and digestion is incomplete. 
 
 It is evidently a matter of the utmost importance to obtain accurate 
 information concerning the condition of each separate part of the alimen- 
 tary canal, and every case of chronic indigestion should have the benefit of 
 this thoroughgoing method of examination. 
 
 This is especially true in relation to chronic constipation, which has here- 
 tofore been one of the most baffling disorders with which physicians have had 
 to deal. By means of the bismuth meal it is possible to locate the exact point 
 of fecal stagnation in every case of constipation. This exact knowledge has 
 made it possible to provide efficient remedies. These comparatively recent 
 discoveries have made it possible to deal successfully with practically every 
 case of indigestion and constipation, no matter how chronic the case may 
 be or how intractable it may have been to treatment previously applied. 
 
 Use of the X-Ray in the Treatment of Internal Tumors 
 
 One of the most interesting and important advances made in recent 
 times is the curative use of the X-ray in its application to the treatment 
 of internal tumors. It has long been known that the X-ray is capable of 
 producing marvelous effects in the destruction of morbid tissues. Hun- 
 dreds of external cancers and other growths have been destroyed by this 
 means, but it was applicable only to growths affecting very superficial 
 parts. The rays could not be applied with a sufficient degree of intensity 
 to affect deep-lying parts without producing destructive effects upon tl;e 
 skin, which made the remedy as bad, or even worse than the disease. 
 
 Very recently methods have been discovered by which the injury to the 
 skin may be prevented, so that very powerful applications of the X-ray 
 may be made to the deepest-lying parts. The application of this method to 
 fibroid tumors of the uterus has been attended with great success. A 
 large number of tumors, which were in some cases recognized as inoper- 
 able, have been made to disappear and patients have been definitely and 
 premanently cured. This method does not altogether take the place of 
 surgery, except in cases in which, because of diseases of the heart or kid- 
 neys, or for other reasons, surgical measures can not be employed, or in 
 which the patient will not consent to the operation. Surgery, while 
 involving somewhat greater risk, is a speedy method of effecting a cure in 
 cases in which it is applicable. The X-ray is altogether free from risk, 
 but is somewhat tedious, requiring repeated applications during a more or 
 less prolonged period. 
 
 Stereoscopic Radiographs 
 
 By the aid of recent inventions it has become possible to make stere- 
 oradiographs, by means of which the exact form and location of internal 
 parts may be seen almost as clearly as though they were not hidden within 
 the body. The application of this new method to the stomach and intestines 
 
78 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 has been chiefly developed in the Roentgen laboratory of this institution. 
 In the accompanying radiographs may be seen examples of stereoradio- 
 graphy, the appearance of which under a carefully adjusted stereoscope 
 will be found to be exceedingly interesting. By means of this new method 
 great exactness in. diagnosis is now possible in. cases which were formerly 
 obscure. 
 
 Thermo-Penetration, or Diathermy 
 
 This is a new application of electricity in which the electrical current is 
 transformed into heat in the interior of the body. The apparatus consists 
 of a device for producing rapid alternations of a low voltage current such as 
 is used for ordinary lighting purposes. The alternations may reach a fre- 
 quency as great as three million per second. No electrical effects are ex- 
 perienced whatever. The sensation is simply that of a glow of heat felt not 
 upon the skin but deep in the tissues. By proper adjustment of the elec- 
 trodes, the heat can be concentrated at any internal point desired. The 
 telnperature of internal parts may be raised as much as 4° or 5° F. By this 
 means it is possible to produce the stimulating and pain-relieving effects of 
 heat in deeply seated tissues as well as in parts lying upon or near the 
 surface. 
 
 Diathermy is found to be specially useful in relieving the pain of sciatica, 
 lumbago, tic douloureux, neuralgia, nervous headache, and even the terrific 
 pains of locomotor ataxia. The pain of gout and rheumatism yields readily 
 to its influence. Chronic pleurisy, pneumonia and asthma usually yield 
 quickly to applications of diathermy. It is useful in obesity and aids in 
 the removal of exudates in the pelvis and elsewhere. It has yielded ex- 
 cellent results in insomnia and in chronic myocarditis. 
 
 The Roentgen Cinematograph 
 
 One of the most interesting, and not least important of recent X-ray 
 discoveries, is the perfection of a method by which X-ray representations 
 may be made of the stomach and other internal organs at work. The in- 
 stallation of this important and expensive device provides the Battle Creek 
 Sanitarium with the first apparatus of the sort which has been introduced 
 into this country, and among the first in use anywhere. This apparatus 
 has been especially modified for our Roentgen department and embodies 
 important improvements which have been developed through the large ex- 
 perience of our laboratory in stereoradiography of the stomach and intes- 
 tines. The motion picture of the stomach enables the patient to see his own 
 stomach actually at work and enables the physician to discover slight, but 
 very important, changes produced by disease which can not be detected 
 in any other. It was by the aid of this method that a diagnosis was ar- 
 rived at in the case of a late king of finance whose case had previously 
 baffled the world's greatest experts in diagnosis. On an adjacent page 
 may be seen a series of pictures representing a complete cycle of gastric 
 movements as obtained by the Roentgen cinematograph. 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Radium 
 
 Almost the only use that has been found thus far for this remarkable 
 substance is in the treatment of disease. The first accounts of the curative 
 powers of radium were received with much incredulity. It seemed in- 
 credible that so great effects could be produced by so minute quantities of 
 any substance as those employed in radium treatment. More recent studies 
 of the subject by Von Noorden, Neusser, Gudzent and numerous other in- 
 vestigators have proven that both radium and the still more mysterious sub- 
 stance derived from it, radium emanation, are capable of producing wonder- 
 ful effects upon the human body both in health and in disease. 
 
 Gottlieb noticed in 1905 that the miners working in the cold, damp 
 radium mines of Joachimsthal were free from rheumatism and neuralgia. 
 Dautwitz, the government physician in charge of the great radium bath 
 establishment at Joachimsthal. confirmed this observation. Von Noorden and 
 Falta reported in the Medizinische Klinik for January, 1911, the results 
 of radium treatment in 75 cases, in most of which excellent results were 
 obtained. In one case of acute rheumatism of eight days' standing the 
 fever and swelling disappeared after the second application. His, of Gas- 
 tein, reported excellent results in more than two-thirds out of 100 cases of 
 chronic rheumatism. Dautwitz claims that a cure is accomplished in four- 
 fifths of all the cases which come under his care at Joachimsthal. 
 
 Soupalt claims for radium emanation the cure of joint rheumatism and 
 hydrarthrosis. 
 
 Neusser, Saake and "Wilke have shoA^ii that artificial radium emanation 
 baths have the same effects as those produced by a course of treatment at 
 Gastein (natural radium baths). 
 
 Favorable results from radium emanation have been shown in the treat- 
 ment of cases of neuralgia, rheumatism, arthritis and various forms of skin 
 disease by Deutmann, Neusser and Bickel, Hirschwalt, Braunstein, Gager 
 and others. 
 
 Aschoff has shown improvement in cases of pain and joint disease by 
 radium emanation. 
 
 Caan has shown that radium emanation relieves pain in carcinoma and 
 sarcoma and produces other good results. 
 
 Mendel and Frith have shown good results from the injection of radium- 
 active water. 
 
 Echert reports improvement by the use of radium in solution and by 
 injection in a case of tubercular arthritis. 
 
 Eadium is employed by several different methods. 1. By the application 
 of radium to the skin for the removal of neoplasms. 2. By imbedding 
 radium in morbid growths. 3. By injecting solutions of radium into the 
 diseased parts. 4. By ionization in which the radium is carried into the 
 tissues by an electrical current. 5. By taking internally solutions of radium 
 or radium emanation. 6. By means of baths in radium-containing water. 
 7. By the inhalation of radium emanation (Niton). 
 
 The inhalation of the radium emanation, especially in connection with 
 the use of radium solutions internally, is the method which promises the 
 best results in cases in which general constitutional effects are desired, as 
 in rheumatism, obesity, arteriosclerosis, neurasthenia and insomnia. 
 
APPLICATION OF DIATHERMY 
 
 ADMINISTRATION OF RADIUM EMANATION 
 
 82 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 The effects of radium are believed to be produced chiefly through its 
 influence upon the metabolic and other ferments of the body. Experiments 
 of G-udzent and others have shown that most of the body ferments are to 
 a remarkable degree activated by radium emanation. By activating the 
 uricolytic ferment it increases the solubility of the uric acid and so promotes 
 its elimination from the body. By activating other metabolic ferments it 
 stimulates all the nutritive functions and particularly the burning up of 
 waste substances and tissue toxins. 
 
 The apparatus shown in the accompanying illustration has been specially 
 made for use in the radium department of the institution and embodies 
 certain improvements which are believed to be a very great advantage. In 
 two particulars especially, this apparatus is believed to be superior to that 
 which has been heretofore in use: 1. In the complete and perfect purifi- 
 cation of the air ; and, 2. In the combined use of static electricity, by means 
 of which the body is negatively charged, so that the positive particles of the 
 inhaled radium emanation are retained within the body, thus increasing 
 their effects. 
 
 Clinical Results of Radium Treatment 
 
 The British Medical Journal, the IMiinchener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 
 and other leading medical periodicals are constantly publishing new 
 evidence of the wonderful curative power of radium. 
 
 Doctor Grin recently reported in the IMiinchener Medizinische Wochen- 
 schrift, No. 52, 1911, two cases of Bright 's disease in which, through the 
 use of radium, the quantity of urine was more than doubled. A very 
 marked diuretic effect was apparent almost immediately after beginning the 
 use of radium emanation solution, and the maximum effect was reached 
 within two weeks. 
 
 Armstrong, a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, re- 
 ports the results of the use of radium emanation in over 400 cases. Among 
 the most notable effects observed were decrease of sugar in diabetes, de- 
 crease of albumin with lowering of blood-pressure and increased elimination 
 of waste products in Bright 's disease, lowering of blood-pressure in arterio- 
 sclerosis from 20 to 80 points, rapid decrease of pain and elimination of 
 uric acid in gout, relief of pain and stiffness in rheumatism, rapid improve- 
 ment in neuritis and arthritis, extraordinarily rapid and complete beneficial 
 effects in neurasthenia. 
 
 Like results are reported by Strassburger, of the University of Breslau, by 
 Doctor Dautwitz, of Joachimsthal, and by Falta, Freund, Von Noorden, and 
 others, of Vienna. 
 
 Aero-Therapy and the Hot Air Douche 
 
 By means of an apparatus designed for the purpose, air in the form of a 
 douche may be employed. Any desired degree of temperature may be used ; 
 hot or cold, or hot and cold in alternation. 
 
 This remedy is found very valuable as a means of relieving painful 
 joints and the pain of sciatica and as a means of producing various powerful 
 derivative effects through induced hyperemia of the skin. 
 
 Cases have been reported in which gouty nodules were absorbed under 
 its use. 
 
 83 
 
84 
 
PHYSICAL TRAINING 
 
 EALTIi winning by means of exereis:e occupies a very im- 
 portant place among the Battle Creek Sanitarium methods. 
 Most women and a large proportion of the men who visit the 
 institution are suffering from deficient development of the 
 muscles, particularly the abdominal muscles. 
 
 As a result of weakness of the muscles of the abdomen, 
 there is prolapse of the viscera, and a lessening of intra-abdominal pres- 
 sure, which permits an overdue accumulation of blood in the abdomen, 
 to the detriment both of the abdominal viscera and the body in general. 
 
 The stomach, liver, bowels, and other organs contain an excess of blood, 
 while the spinal cord, brain, and lungs are deprived of the blood needed 
 for their proper functioning. 
 
 The excess of blood M^hich accumulates in the abdomen, stagnating, 
 loses its oxygen and becomes charged with toxins, and the bacteria which 
 flourish in the alimentary tract, especially in the colon, give rise to in- 
 fections of the colon, appendix, gall-bladder, and even more remote organs. 
 
 The overwhelming quantity of toxins poured into the blood gives rise 
 to cirrhosis of the liver, degenerative changes in the kidneys, arterioscler- 
 osis, and other maladies. It is believed that to this chronic autointoxication 
 may be traced a large share of the chronic ailments from which men and 
 women suffer and die. 
 
 Exercise is one of the most important means by which this condition 
 can be corrected. When the abdomen and other trunk muscles can be 
 properly developed, so that the bowels are held up in place and the vessels 
 of the great splanchnic area receive proper support, a fundamental cause 
 of a multitude of human maladies and miseries is permanently removed. 
 
 The part w^hich the congested condition of the viscera plays in the pro- 
 duction of functional, nerve, and mental disorders has been well shown by 
 many observers, and has been here demonstrated in hundreds of cases in 
 the restoration to health of chronic sufferers who apparently could be re- 
 lieved by no other means. 
 
 The methods employed in this department are not gymnastic only, but 
 involve the correction of faulty dress, faulty habits in sitting, standing, 
 walking, etc., by means of daily drills. 
 
 The Sanitarium Chair 
 
 As soon as the patient arrives at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, his 
 training begins. He is made to sit erect, with the chest high and the ab- 
 dominal muscles drawn in, by being provided with chairs in which he is 
 enabled to sit erect without effort. The Sanitarium health chair supports 
 the center of the back so that the chest is held erect. 
 
 In the gymnasium the patient is taught to stand correctly, mth the 
 chest held high, the chin draM^n in, the hips held back, and the abdominal 
 muscles tense. In this position he takes various exercises with the arms, 
 
 85 
 
MEDICAL GYMNASTICS 
 
 86 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 limbs, and trunk, until the muscles of the back are so strengthened that 
 they are able to hold the body in correct position. 
 
 For those in whom the muscles are so attenuated that the desired result 
 can not be accomplished by gymnastic exercises, manual Swedish move- 
 ments and the sinusoidal electrical current are called upon to accomplish 
 the first stages of the cure. 
 
 It is exceedingly interesting to note the rapidity with which the muscles 
 acquire strength and vigor when a variety of means for improving their 
 condition are set in operation and applied several times daily in an ef- 
 fective manner. An application once or twice a week amounts to almost 
 
 THE SANITARIUM CHAIR 
 
 nothing in the direction of development. The applications must be short, 
 efficient, and frequently repeated ; that is, several times each day. 
 
 Swimming 
 
 Patients are encouraged to learn to swim, not only for the tonic effect 
 of the swimming bath and the aid to respiration and circulation, but 
 especially for the purpose of strengthening the trunk muscles and thus 
 restoring the normal tone of the walls of the abdomen, and the intra-ab- 
 dominal pressure, upon which the proper distribution of the blood through- 
 out the body is almost as much dependent as upon the movements of the 
 heart. 
 
 The Exercise Prescription 
 
 The accompanying cut will give something of an idea of how these 
 various measures are put in operation to accomplish the desired end. 
 Careful examination of the program for the invalid's day will show how 
 
 87 
 
MEDICAL GYMNASTICS 
 
 88 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 large a part gymnastics play in this therapeutic system. Nothing is 
 left to whim or fancy, and no i)resci'iption for exercise is made until the 
 patient's strength has been thoroughly tested and his chart has been made 
 out. With this before him, the physician or physical director assigns 
 work which is suited to each case. The exercises taken in general classes 
 are of such a character as to be suited to nearly all. In addition to this, 
 individual work is marked out which is chiefly depended upon for correct- 
 ive development. 
 
 There are special exercise classes for feeble patients, and the very 
 feeblest are visited in their rooms. Even bedridden patients, not ex- 
 cluding the convalescents of the surgical ward, are visited several times 
 daily and directed in taking various deep-breathing movements which 
 are especially adapted to their individual cases. 
 
 The exercise taken before and after breakfast, after dinner, and after 
 supper in the evening, are especially designed to aid digestion by promot- 
 ing the movement of blood through the abdominal viscera and preventing 
 congestion or stasis in this region. 
 
 Manual Swedish Movements or Medical Gymnastics 
 
 More than one hundred years ago Ling, of Sweden, by the study of 
 a French translation of an ancient Chinese book, became accpainted 
 with some methods employed from ancient times by the Chinese in train- 
 ing soldiers for war. Taking the Chinese system as a foundation, he de- 
 veloped the most scientific system of gymnastics which the world knows 
 anything about. 
 
 Ling, who was an officer in the Swedish army, succeeded in getting his 
 system adopted by the Swedish government, which erected a large building 
 for purpose of instruction; and now for three-quarters of a century this 
 method has been in use not only in the Swedish army, but in the public 
 schools of Sweden, and has resulted in the development of a magnificent 
 race of men and women. Any traveler who has visited Stockholm must 
 have been struck by the remarkably large number of fine, athletic-looking 
 men whom he met upon the streets. It is almost impossible to find a 
 Swede who is not an athlete. 
 
 Every officer in the Swedish army is required to have a practical knowl- 
 edge of the medical Swedish gymnastics, or the so-called manual Swedish 
 movements. 
 
 The system has been in use at the Battle Creek Sanitarium for many 
 years. Nearly thirty years ago a physician was sent to Stockholm to 
 become acquainted with the system, and trained Swedish experts were 
 brought to the institution to assist in introducing it. Recently this system 
 has been rapidly growing in favor in this country under various names 
 other than its own. So-called osteopathy is a modification of the Swedish 
 system which has yet to demonstrate its superiority, or its claim to be 
 called a system or a new scientific method. 
 
 This department is under charge of a physician trained in Sweden. 
 
 Swedish Gymnastics For Women 
 
 The Swedish method is especially valuable for the treatment of men 
 and women suffering from sedentary habits. It affords the most satis- 
 
 89 
 
MASSAGE 
 
 90 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 factory and efficient means known for developing the abdominal muscles 
 of the trunk, especially in connection with the use of electricity and hydro- 
 therapy; and, with special breathing exercises and abdominal movements, 
 produces a most highly beneficial effect upon the abdominal viscera, re- 
 lieving stasis, emptying the stomach, liver, and other viscera of stagnating 
 blood, and thus improving functional activity. 
 
 The accompanying cuts show some of the movements which are found 
 most valuable in connection with the numerous other physiologic measures 
 employed in the Sanitarium system. 
 
 The manual Swedish movement comprises an extensive and almost 
 endless variety of most carefully and accurately graduated exercises ; some 
 passive, others active, and still others active-passive. These are arranged 
 in graduated series, known as ''day's orders," which represents the work 
 for one day. Each day the patient makes a little progress, though very 
 feeble patients may not be able to execute the whole order the first day the 
 treatment is given. Special attention is given to deep-breathing exercises. 
 
 Day's Order for a Person Suffering from Enteroptosis 
 
 Here is a sample "day's order" for a patient suffering from enter- 
 optosis. the first of a series of ten : — 
 
 In executing the following Day's Orders, a breathing exercise should be 
 taken before each movement. During each movement the chest should be 
 held high, and the breath should be forced out by strong contractions of the 
 abdominal muscles. 
 
 NUTRITIVE 
 Day's Order No. 1. 
 
 1. Breathing Exercise Series 1, Exercise 1 — Abdominal kneading. 
 
 2. Breathing Exercise Series 1, Exercise 2 — Prone lying, spinal-column- 
 
 hacking. 
 
 3. Breathing Exercise Series 1, Exercise 3 — Lying, foot rolling. 
 
 A. Breathing Exercise Series 1, Exercise 4 — Lying, arm-side wise-extended, 
 arm-shaking. 
 
 5. Breathing Exercise Series 1, Exercise 5 — Lying, legs-nerve-pressing. 
 
 6. Breathing Exercise Series 1, Exercise 6 — Crook-lying, vibration under 
 
 left ribs, percussion over ribs. 
 
 7. Breathing Exercise Series 1, Exercise 7 — Prone-lying, sacrum-beating. 
 
 8. Breathing Exercise Series 1, Exercise 8 — Lying, leg-shaking. 
 
 9. Breathing Exercise Series 1, Exercise 9 — Lying, nerve-compression-ab- 
 
 dominal-sympathetic. 
 10. Breathing Exercise Series 1, Exercise 10 — Lying, head-tapping and 
 stroking. 
 
 BREATHING EXERCISES 
 
 Series I, Lying; Series II, Sitting; Series III, Standing. 
 
 The following exercises are to be taken in each of the positions, lying, 
 sitting and standing. The patients who are to take these exercises should be 
 instructed to practise breathing lying upon the face for at least fifteen 
 
 91 
 
92 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 minutes, three times a day, and to ad()])t the practice of sleeping in the prone 
 position (on the face). 
 
 Series I. 
 
 1. Full Breathing. Take shnv, deep inspiration through the nose, ex- 
 panding the whole trunk, complete the prolonged expiration through com- 
 pressed lips. (20.) 
 
 2. Abdominal Breathing. Chest high, hands on hips, thumbs to rear. 
 Contract abdominal muscles with strong expiratory effort ; press hard with 
 thumbs upon the lower back to hold chest up during expiration. (10.) 
 
 3. Assisted Abdominal BrcatJiing. Chest high, hands holding abdomen, 
 deep abdominal breathing. (2), (10.) 
 
 4. Chest Lifting. After complete expiration, close throat and lift chest 
 high as possible, followed by full breathing. (1), (2, 5.) 
 
 5. Chest Lifting, Arms Raising. Chest high, deep abdominal breathing 
 (2), arms raised above head. (10.) 
 
 6. Chest Lifting, Arms Circumduction. Chest high, deep abdominal 
 breathing (1), arms circumduction. (10.) 
 
 7. Chest Lifting, Feet Extension. Chest high, deep abdominal breath- 
 ing (2), arms raising and feet extension. (10.) 
 
 8. Chest Lifting, Arms Raising, Feet Extension. Chest high, deep 
 abdominal breathing (2), arms raising and feet extension (10). 
 
 9. Chest Lifting, Swimming. Chest high, deep abdominal breath- 
 ing (2), swimming movements with arms (10). 
 
 10. Chest Lifting, Swimming. Chest high, deep abdominal breathing 
 (2), swimming movements arms and legs (10). 
 
 Series II. 
 
 Execute the above movements in the sitting position as above described 
 in section 10, in which knee-raising is substituted for leg movements. 
 
 Series III. 
 
 Execute the above movements in the standing position as described with 
 exception of seven and eight, in which walking on the toes is substituted for 
 feet extension. 
 
 The standing position taken in breathing exercises should be : Heels and 
 hips against a wall, door-jamb, or the edge of a door, the chest being held 
 forward as far as possible without losing the balance. 
 
 Mechanotherapy or Mechanical Exercise 
 
 Certain forms of passive exercise may be administered by machinery 
 far more effectively than by the hand. This is particularly true of vibra- 
 tory exercise. The rapid, steady, and prolonged vibratory movements 
 which can be administered by machinery can not be even approximated in 
 efficiency by the human hand. Certain kneading and percussion move- 
 ments may be administered more effectively by mechanical means than 
 by the manual method. 
 
 93 
 
MEGHANOTHEEAPY — VIBROTHERAPY 
 
 94 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 For more than thirty years this method has been employed in the 
 Battle Creek Sanitarium, and the apparatus found in this department 
 represents the perfected result of these many years' experience, having 
 been specially constructed for this use. For more than twenty years the 
 institution has maintained a fully equipped machine shop, which has been 
 largely occupied with the work of developing and manufacturing the 
 special apparatus employed in this and other departments. 
 
 Various series of graduated movements are prepared for different mal- 
 adies and conditions, as obesity, constipation, neurasthenia, cardiac cases, 
 etc. 
 
 Vibrotherapy 
 
 This mode of passive exercise, certain phases of which have recently 
 been so extensively exploited throughout the country, has been in use as a 
 part of the Battle Creek Sanitarium System for more than forty years. 
 This department is represented by special vibrators for the hands and 
 arms, vibrators for the feet, vibrating stools, vibrating tables, the vibrating 
 chair, and sets of vibrating chairs in which several patients may be treated 
 at once. 
 
 So many absurd claims have been made for vibrotherapy that doubts 
 will naturally arise in the minds of many physicians respecting its actual 
 value. Experience, however, has demonstrated its efficiency in the ac- 
 complishment of certain things. 
 
 Each of the three forms of vibration — percutient, lateral, and centrif- 
 ugal — produces characteristic effects which have been studied by Vigor- 
 oux, Mortimer Granville, Sehiff, Boudet, and other investigators; and it 
 has been shown that this measure is capable of increasing or diminishing 
 nervous sensibility. It may produce fatigue, as does muscular work; or 
 may abolish the sense of fatigue by stimulation of the spinal centers. 
 Applied to the head it may produce drowsiness, and even sleep. Applied 
 to the muscles it may produce contraction or relaxation. It may produce 
 vasomotor changes in the viscera, and even raise and lower blood-pressure. 
 A thorough discussion of rational vibrotherapy, its physiologic effects and 
 therapeutic indications, will be found in medical papers appearing else- 
 where.* 
 
 Mechanical Massage 
 
 The vigorous, steady rhythm of mechanical massage and its never-tiring 
 thoroughness are qualities which secure splendid results not to be obtained 
 by manual means. The various forms of loieaders employed adapt this 
 method not only to the abdomen, but to all the fleshy parts of the body. 
 
 Patients often express themselves as feeling that they get more immedi- 
 ate return from the treatment in this department than any other. The 
 neurasthenic who suffers from cold hands and feet finds his extremities 
 glowing with warmth after a few moments' application of hand and foot 
 vibration. The vasomotor spasm has been broken by the rapid mechanical 
 
 *See Modern Medicine for 1908. Good Health Publishing Co., Battle 
 Creek, Mich. 
 
 95 
 
MECHANOTHERAPY 
 
 96 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 movement. The improved distribution of blood relieves congestion of 
 the brain and spinal cord, as well as the general visceral stasis ; and a sense 
 of well-being, comfort and relief gives place to the depression, nervousness, 
 confusion, and general discomfort which are the natural result of a dis- 
 ordered condition of the circulation, 
 
 A great share of the aches and indefinable distresses from which neu- 
 rasthenics suffer are generally temporaril.v relieved, and often in a manner 
 which seems almost magical. 
 
 The efifects which can be obtained liy this method must not be judged 
 by the disappointing results produced from the use of various trinkets 
 which are hawked about the country under the name of vibrators, few of 
 which are sufficiently effective to produce any definite results whatever. 
 
 Other useful devices for the employment of mechanotherapy which may 
 be mentioned are the following : 
 
 The Riding Horse, of which two styles are in use, one of which is a very 
 excellent imitation of the single-foot, while the other is a very perfect simu- 
 lation of the English trot. 
 
 The Camel — A device which produces a peculiar rolling motion 
 characteristic of the camel's gait. 
 
 Mechanical Massage op the Back — An ingenious arrangement by 
 which kneading movements are applied to the back. Very effective as a 
 means of stimulating the development of the muscles of the back, and pro- 
 ducing an excellent derivative effect in relation to the internal viscera. 
 
 Percussion Massage — An apparatus for applying light percussion, very 
 closely imitating certain forms of percussion movements which may be ap- 
 plied by the hands. The mechanical percussion is even more effective than 
 that of the hands, and is uniform and steady. The force of the percussion 
 movements may be very easily adjusted. An excellent application for the 
 shoulders, chest, and back. 
 
 Rotary Massage op the Abdomen — An apparatus which applies a ro- 
 tary kneading movement to the abdomen in a circular manner. An excellent 
 means of relieving constipation. 
 
 The Ergograph — A device by means of which the actual amount of work 
 done is measured and recorded for special use in cases in which a specific 
 amount is necessary, as in the treatment of certain forms of obesity. 
 
 Besides the above, there are numerous other measures which are 
 specially designed to develop the chest, to aid in the breathing movements, 
 and to develop the muscles of the trunk. 
 
 97 
 
APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC EXERCISE 
 
 98 
 
OPEN-AIR AND COLD-AIR METHODS 
 
 ^|] HE open-air method has always been a prominent feature in the 
 Battle Creek Sanitarium System, 
 
 Two large outdoor gymnasiums are provided, one for men 
 and one for women. The gymnasium for women is near the 
 ladies' bathroom. The men's outdoor gymnasium is on the 
 opposite side of the grounds, sufficiently removed from . the 
 main building to secure the necessary seclusion. The opportunities for 
 open-air treatments afforded by the outdoor gymnasiums are regarded as 
 among the most valuable of the various curative resources afforded by the 
 institution. The sand pile, pure white sand from pulverized flint, such as 
 is used in glass making, the seclusion affording opportunity for the free 
 exposure of the skin to light and air, the running path, the wood pile, the 
 swimming pool, the exercise apparatus and provision for games of various 
 sorts, secure all the advantages of the seashore, and even more. 
 
 By this means the circulation of the skin is stimulated. The proof of 
 the effects of the sun's rays upon the skin is to be found in the pigmenta- 
 tion and heightened color which develop rapidly after a few exposures. 
 First exposures are sometimes followed by slight attacks of erythema, 
 which do no harm, but may in fact enhance the beneficial effects. 
 
 The skin is capable of holding two-thirds of all the blood in the body. 
 When it is inactive and empty, the necessary result is that the liver and 
 other viscera are congested, and stasis exists in the whole splanchnic area. 
 
 The Outdoor Gymnasium 
 
 Exposure to cool air also stimulates the activity of the skin. Exercise 
 of the body relieved of trammels of every sort brings each muscle into nor- 
 mal play. After being well warmed by exercise, the patient enjoys a 
 plunge into the clear fresh water of the swimming pool, just cool enough 
 to be refreshing and invigorating. 
 
 During the summer months, manual Swedish gymnastics and a great 
 variety of exercises, some of which, though long used in the Battle Creek 
 System and utilized for a hundred years in Sweden, are just now becoming 
 familiar to the public under the names of "Osteopathy," "Movements," 
 etc., and are administered in the free air of the outdoor gymnasium. Patients 
 chop wood, saw wood, play at basket-ball, ' ' volley-ball, ' ' and other simple 
 games, walk and trot around the running path, take swimming lessons, 
 and engage in all kinds of exercises without other covering than simple 
 trunks, so that the skin becomes hardened, toughened, and in many cases 
 as brown as that of a North American Indian. 
 
 The effects of such tanning and hardening of the skin upon the internal 
 organs are in the highest degree beneficial. Appetite and digestion im- 
 prove, heart vigor increases, hepatic and renal activity are encouraged, 
 normal metabolism is encouraged, and the patient feels daily the growth of 
 
 99 
 
sfftiii pfffiti ^niiffi Hitiiit wiitfin 
 
 r-^-tti inrfffi'" f^iii^ ■-iitff^r-~->ififr 
 
 CUTDCCK CALISTHENICS 
 
 100 
 
FRESH AIE CURE 
 101 
 
FRESH AIR SLEEPING ARRAXGEMEXTS 
 
 102 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 new life and vigor under the stimulus of the natural forces by which 
 the body is created and maintained. 
 
 Thus all the best advantages of the seashore, camping out, "going 
 fishing," and other forms of recreation are secured, while the patient is 
 protected from excess by the careful guidance of his physician, and has 
 the advantages of medical care, dietetic regulation, etc., in addition. 
 
 Walking Parties 
 
 Outdoor walking parties are greatly in vogue and are a source of great 
 pleasure as well as profit. These parties are accompanied by a physical 
 director or a naturalist who knows all the birds and trees, and expounds to 
 the uninitiated the teachings of the great book of Nature. 
 
 The invalid's dread of cold weather is really a dread of chilling or 
 getting cold, — a dangerous thing for sick folks. That, however, is quite 
 another matter. The invalid should breathe cold air, but he should be 
 kept warm. The ideal is cold air for the lungs, warmth for the rest of 
 the body. 
 
 The Arctic explorer requires a large ration, not so much to keep his 
 hands and feet warm, for he clothes himself so warmly that even the 
 searching Arctic cold can not reach him, but because he breathes cold air. 
 
 Open-Air Sleeping Arrangements 
 
 Open-air sleeping arrangements are provided for those who can be in- 
 duced to use them. There are special sleeping porches for ladies. Here 
 those who enjoy sleeping in the open air are snugly tucked away by the 
 nurses, wrapped as warmly as for a sleigh-ride in the polar regions, and 
 protected, if need be, by hot-water bags, or thermoelectric blankets, which 
 furnish heat in any amount as long as desired, — warmth on tap like water ; 
 just touch a button and the bed warms up at once. 
 
 Watchful nurses are at hand ready to give any needed assistance. 
 
 There are sleeping bags and hoods for those who wish them. They 
 keep the body as warm as toast all night long, and allow the pure cold air 
 to be inhaled without fear of chilling or of "catching cold." 
 
 The window tent is an ingenious invention by the aid of which the 
 sick person may have all the advantages of the pure cold air without go- 
 ing out of doors. By this plan the head is outdoors while the rest of the 
 body remains warm and comfortable indoors. 
 
 The fresh-air tube is a Sanitarium device for conveying fresh air to the 
 patient from an adjoining window. It works well, and is adaptable to any 
 room and to all possible conditions. The patient may breathe the coldest of 
 winter air while snugly tucked away in his cozy sleeping-room. "With 
 this device he gets all the advantages of the pure cold air with none of the 
 inconveniences or possible risk of out-of-door sleeping. 
 
 Out-of-Door Attractions 
 
 Skating, tobogganing, skeeing, and other outdoor sports invite those 
 who are strong enough to enjoy them. There is always ice, and usually 
 plenty of snow, during the mid-winter season in the Peninsular State. 
 
 103 
 
FKESH AIR SLEEPING ARRANGEMENTS 
 104 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Many of the patients enjoy a whccl-cluiir outing on tl)(^ long porches. 
 The nurses bundle them up warmly, and back and forth they go 
 under the long porticos, chatting with one another as they pass, enjoying 
 the outdoor life and taking long breaths of the vitalizing oxygen. 
 
 The Faculty of the Sanitarium 
 
 The corps of physicians consists of more than twenty thoroughly trained 
 medical men and women, all of whom have been specially trained for Sani- 
 tarium work, and have had many years of experience in the institution. 
 All these physicians are graduates from first-class medical schools. Some 
 have received honors and diplomas from the highest medical authorities 
 and organizations. 
 
 Battle Creek Sanitarium Faculty 
 
 J. H. Kellogg, M. D., F. R. S. M., Supt Surgeon 
 
 W. H. Riley, M. S., M. D Neurologist 
 
 C. E. Stewart, M. D Internal Medicine 
 
 E. L. Eggleston, M. D Internal Medicine 
 
 R. H. Harris, M. D., F. R. C. S. E Assistant Sm-geon 
 
 W. F. Martin, M. D. Intemal Medicine 
 
 M. A. Mortensen, M. D Intemal Medicine 
 
 B. N. Colver, M. D Pathologist, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat 
 
 J. T. Case, M. D Roentgenologist 
 
 A. W. Nelson, M. D Bacteriologist 
 
 H. S. Kelsey, M. D Intemal Medicine 
 
 A. J. Read, M. D Electro-Therapeutics 
 
 Paul Roth, M. D Chemist, Internal Medicine 
 
 S. E. Barnhart, M. D Assistant, Internal Medicine 
 
 Carrie S. Staines, M. D Intemal Medicine 
 
 Gertrude Johnson, M. D Internal Medicine 
 
 Laura B. Stoner, M. D Intemal Medicine 
 
 Bertha E. Moshier, M. D Internal Medicine 
 
 Maiy V. Diyden, M. D Intemal Medicine 
 
 Louie E. Vandervoort, M. D Obstetrician 
 
 Clara V. Radabaugh, M. D. . Internal Medicine 
 
 Mrs. M. S. Foy, R. N Supt. Training School for Nurses 
 
 \ Dietitian, — Principal School of 
 Miss Lenna F. Cooper "^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ Household Economics 
 
 W. W. Hastings, A. M., Ph. D Dean Normal School of Physical Education 
 
 Miss Caroline Zahn, R. N Medical Receiving Matron 
 
 i.Oo 
 
J>f.- 
 
 OUTDOOR GYMNASIUM 
 106 
 
107 
 
108 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 DIET SYSTEM 
 
 !j|FTER many years of patient study of the various practieal 
 questions relating to dietetics, a plan has been perfected 
 whereby foodstuffs and food elements may be prescribed and 
 administered with the same precision with which powerful 
 drugs are given. The difficulties in the way of properly reg- 
 ulating the dietary of patients under ordinary circumstances 
 are practically insurmountable. Questions which the patient always asks 
 his physician are, What shall I eat, and How much shall I eat? It is 
 scarcely possible to ask a physician two more troublesome questions than 
 these if any effort is made to answer the inquiries intelligently. 
 
 The calorie system perfected in the dietetic department of the Battle 
 Creek Sanitarium and the organization connected with it, make it possi- 
 ble to answer these questions with the greatest ease, and ^^dth scientific 
 precision. This system consists of the following elements : 
 
 1. A large variety of appetizing foodstuffs numbering several hundred 
 dishes, the composition and caloric value of each of which is accurately 
 known. The application of the caloric method of estimating food values 
 is necessarily the foundation of scientific dietetics. Food is the only source 
 of energy to the body. It is made up of various elements which differ in 
 their energy content and in their food value. "When the composition of a 
 food is known, its caloric value, that is, the number of food units which it 
 contains, may be easily determined. By multiplying its percentage values 
 by proper fractions, the number of calories per ounce of each food prin- 
 ciple may be found. The factor for proteins and carbohydrates is 1.16 ; 
 for fats, 2.63. By the use of these factors, it is easy to make a list of 
 foods of kno'v^Ti energy value per ounce, provided one has at hand a table 
 showing the percentage composition of foodstuffs. Extensive tables of this 
 sort are published by the United States Government. Bulletin No. 28 
 (Revised) of the Agricultural Department is particularly valuable. The 
 data furnished by this bulletin have served as a foundation for the tables 
 which are in use at the Battle Creek Sanitarium. (For tables used, see 
 Appendix.) Aid was also obtained from the exhaustive works of Koeing and 
 Gautier. The large number of new foodstuffs and food combinations or 
 dishes, made necessary many original analyses and calorimetric tests. The 
 results of calculation have been verified by the determinations made with 
 the bomb calorimeter. 
 
 It is of primary importance that the composition of a dish, when once 
 determined, shall be maintained at a uniform standard. This requires con- 
 stant vigilance and supervision, and the service of cooks who have been 
 specially trained for the work, so that food shall be prepared with the same 
 degree of accuracy which the chemist brings to his work. Indeed, the 
 kitchen in such a scheme as this must be organized as a laboratory and 
 
 109 
 
Battle £reek Sanitaritntt 
 
 Dinner 
 
 Sunday, April 28, 1912 
 
 Protein Fats Carbo. 
 
 E^rrREES Protose Fillels -- 43. 
 
 Nuttolene — Apple Sauce 29- 
 
 Rice a la Carolina 13- 
 
 46- 
 56- 
 63- 
 
 Oa. Portion 
 
 Soups Tomato Bisque 14 50 11 4% 
 
 Savory Potato Soup - 11--- 26- — 38-— 4% 
 
 36 — 4 1 %..... 
 
 40-- 3 m— 
 
 74 3 IVa— 
 
 Vegetables Baked Potatoes 11 1 
 
 Brown Sauce 3 64- — 
 
 Escalloped Potatoes - 15 45 
 
 Creamed Parsnips 7 16 
 
 Fresh Asparagus 5-— 15- 
 
 90 
 
 52-— 
 5 — 
 
 3 
 
 2V4. 
 4% 
 3 
 1 
 
 1 - 
 
 1%-. 
 
 Relishes Lettuce — Le 
 
 1. 
 
 Tomato Jelly — Mayonnaise 12 6- 
 
 Cabbage Salad 4- 
 
 Malt Honey - 0-- 
 
 Malt Honey with Butter 0- 
 
 Malt Sugar - 3 . 
 
 Breads Whole Wheal Bread— 1 slice 12- 
 
 White Bread— 1 slice - 9- 
 
 Entire Graham Bread — 1 slice 10- 
 
 BreakfasI Toast — 2 pieces .-.. 4-- 
 
 Toasted Granose Biscuit — two 7- 
 
 Toasted Rice Biscuit — two 4- 
 
 Bran Biscuit — two - 21- 
 
 Nut Butter - 28- 
 
 Dairy Butler — 1 square 1- 
 
 30- 
 
 0- 
 
 100.. 
 
 16- 
 
 7- 
 
 32- 
 
 16- 
 
 200- 
 
 .100- 
 
 . 81- 
 
 2 — 
 
 4 
 
 4— - 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 105 
 
 99 
 
 61.-.. 
 
 62 
 
 61 
 
 34.— 
 42 — 
 46— 
 
 73 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 31/2 
 2 
 
 2Vi 
 
 % 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 V2. 
 
 2 .. 
 2 . 
 
 1 ~ 
 
 %. 
 %. 
 %. 
 %.. 
 %. 
 ■%-. 
 1%. 
 
 1 . 
 
 Cooked Fruits Cherry Sauce 4 — 
 
 Stewed Figs 6 
 
 6— . 
 
 143. 
 
 1 . 
 
 1%. 
 
 Beverages Apple Juice - 
 
 Graj>« Juice 0-,. — 0^ 
 
 Caramel Cereal — 1 teacupful 1 I 
 
 " 107 
 
 
 
 1 ... . 
 
 Cream — 1 pifcherful 
 
 Sugar — 1 sugarspoonful O.- 
 Kaffir Tea 1- 
 
 Sanitas Cocoa 13-- 
 
 Hot Malted Nuls - 36- 
 
 Milfe 23. 
 
 Yogurt Buttermilk 28. 
 
 67.. 
 
 5- 
 
 50- 
 50.. 
 
 8- 
 12- 
 25.. 
 
 23- 
 68- 
 35.. 
 42- 
 
 3y2 
 31/3 
 4 
 
 2% 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 
 \% 
 6 
 6 
 
 ¥2- 
 
 1%. 
 
 ^.■ 
 
 2 - 
 IV*. 
 
 Desserts Date Cream Pie 42.- 
 
 Oranges - 4-- 
 
 English Walnuts 9- 
 
 87.. 
 
 2.. 
 
 82. 
 
 171. 
 69. 
 
 V2 I 
 
 To ascertain the number of calories eaten of each element, add the 
 &gaxm in first, second and third colxmins, opposite the various articles 
 eaten and put down the sums at the foot of the respective columns. 
 Mark each article eaten, sign Ijlll of fare, and hand to your physician. 
 
 A "portion" is that quantity of any food which contains 100 calories 
 or food ttuite. No food to be taken from the Dining-room. 
 
 SfAME.. 
 
 aooM.. 
 
 110 
 
THE BATTLE CKEEK SANITARIUM 
 
 conducted under laboratory rules and in harmony with laboratory prin- 
 ciples. 
 
 2. It is necessary that the food, after having been properly prepared, 
 shall be served in portions of known values and weighed with almost the 
 same care with which the pharmacist dispenses drugs. In no other way 
 can the patient be assured that his dietary conforms to the requirements 
 of his prescription. This calorie system, which was perfected in this insti- 
 tution, has now been in use since 1905. It is found indispensable in the 
 dietetic management of the sick. 
 
 The accompanying reproduction of a bill of fare as actually used at the 
 Sanitarium will show how the plan above briefly outlined is carried out. 
 The diet tables and special diet lists employed in operating this system of 
 dietetics will be found in the Appendix. 
 
 By this system it is quite possible to regulate the dietary of every 
 patient, to give him just the amount of proteins his case requires, and with 
 equal accuracy to regulate his ration of fat and carbohydrates. The sys- 
 tem is indispensable in the treatment of cases of obesity, diabetes, and great 
 emaciation. 
 
 The Bill of Fare 
 
 The bill of fare must be prepared in such a way as to show for each 
 dish just the number of calories of each food element furnished in each 
 portion served, so that the patient or nurse may be able to select such 
 dishes and such number of portions as will furnish the patient the total 
 number of calories required by his prescription, and the number of calories 
 of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats designed by the physician. The bill 
 of fare, properly checked by the patient or his nurse, becomes a record of 
 the meal, and hence, when delivered to the physician, shows in just what 
 way and to what extent the patient is following his prescription. It is be- 
 lieved this is the first effort ever made to place the menus or bill of fare of 
 a large institution upon an exact and scientific basis for the purpose of 
 controlling nutritive processes in harmony with the known principles of 
 human metabolism. The practical difficulties to be overcome were very 
 great, but the results amply repay the expense and effort required, and it 
 is hoped that the methods worked out may prove of service to other es- 
 tablishments in accomplishing similar purposes. For sample bill of fare 
 see page 110. 
 
 The Individual Standard Ration 
 
 It is necessary to have a standard ration with which to compare the 
 dietary of each patient. The dietetic requirements of healthy persons vary 
 greatly, and not only with the sex, but also with the size, and with the oc- 
 cupation ; hence a single standard ration is not sufficient. It has been 
 necessary to work out in complete detail the requirements of individuals of 
 different heights. By the aid of the facts developd by the researches of 
 Gautier, Rubner, and Benedict, and especially the comparatively recent 
 studies or Chittenden and Mendel, it has been possible to construct tables 
 
 111 
 
SERVING ROOM 
 
 CULINARY DEPARTMENT 
 
 l^i 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 which in practical use with several thousand cases have l)cen proved to be 
 sufficiently accurate to be of the highest service. (See Appendix.) 
 
 For example, the patient who eats less than the amount given in the 
 table for a person of his height is insufficiently nourished and must 
 necessarily lose flesh. Since from four-fifths to nine-tenths of all the 
 food taken into the body is used for fuel, a person who is taking an in- 
 sufficient supply of food is necessarily burning up his own body. It is not 
 an uncommon thing to find emaciated people taking less than half the 
 necessary food requirement, and consequently continually losing in flesh 
 and strength. They are quite unconscious of the fact that they are di- 
 minishing in weight simply because they are feeding upon their own 
 tissues. 
 
 On the other hand, the person who is taking more than his normal food 
 requirement will probably be gaining in flesh, though this is not invariably 
 the case. The surplus is sometimes worked oft' through the kidneys, bowels, 
 and other emilnctories at the expense of great loss of energy to the system. 
 
 By accurately regulating the food supply according to the actual re- 
 quirements of the individual, any deficiency may be made good so long as 
 the nutritive powers are not completely exhausted. 
 
 Dosing the Diet 
 
 The proper dosing of the food to meet the needs of individual cases 
 is fully as important as the adaptation of drug prescriptions to individual 
 cases. 
 
 The height being known, a reference to the table at once shows the 
 proper number of calories of each sort of food element for a normal, 
 balanced ration. If the person is emaciated, from ten to twenty per cent 
 may be added; if he is obese, the amount is diminished one-third to one- 
 half for a time. 
 
 By the aid of this system, as will be readily seen, the physician has 
 such complete and easy control of a patient's dietary that never for a 
 moment need he be in the dark as to the exact situation, while he can 
 answer easily and promptly questions which without the aid of the system 
 outlined are almost, if not altogether, unanswerable. 
 
 The old dietetics was guesswork and experimentation. Sometimes pa- 
 tients were somehow relieved, nobody knew just how; more often there 
 was no relief, and even an aggravation of troubles. There were no clearly de- 
 fined principles, no precise and definite method. 
 
 The new dietetics is based on solid facts which have been demonstrated 
 by laboratory researches, especially those of Pawlow and Chittenden, and 
 which are accepted as the latest dictum of science. 
 
 Care is taken that the dietary shall not be monotonous. The importance 
 of relish and palatability is fully recognized. Pawlow has shown the im- 
 portance of "appetite juice" as a dominant factor in digestion, so every 
 care is taken to provide patients with tasty, well-flavored dishes which 
 shall furnish nutritive material in the most easily digestible form and in 
 just the proportion suited to each individual case. 
 
 Pawlow 's work, with that of Metchnikoff, Tissier, and Combe, has ren- 
 dered possible the classification of food products in a new way, and enables 
 
 113 
 
WIXTER SOLARIUM AXD SUMMER DIXIXG ROOM 
 
 MAIN DINING ROOM 
 114 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 US to make use of food in the treatment of various digestive and nutritive 
 disorders with a far greater degree of accuracy and efficiency than was pos- 
 sible a few years ago. 
 
 Scores of new foods have been discovered and developed, which are 
 each possessed of special and definite therapeutic properties, specially se- 
 lected to meet certain needs and conditions. 
 
 The hundreds of special dishes and scores of special food preparations, 
 each of which has been carefully studied in relation to its nutritive and 
 therapeutic properties, are classified in diet lists which are used by the 
 physicians in arranging the diet prescriptions of individual patients. 
 Additions to these lists are continually being made as the result of the 
 Avork of the experimental kitchen, which is constantly bringing out tasty 
 and appetizing combinations. 
 
 All these dietetic advantages are at the command of the patient. The 
 culinary department of the institution is, in fact, simply a large food lab- 
 oratory in which a score of specially trained cooks and dietitians cater to 
 the dietetic needs and fancies of a thousand sick folk daily during the 
 busiest months. 
 
 Several dietitians are always in the dining room during meals, ready 
 to render assistance to those needing aid. In special cases, the bill of fare 
 for each meal is indicated by a dietitian under direction of the physician. 
 
 The Diet Kitchen 
 
 A special and well-equipped diet kitchen, from which several hundred 
 meals are sent out daily, is in commission every hour of the day and night. 
 
 Visiting physicians are always interested in the " serving-room," 
 where the foods are weighed in portions, to be transported, steaming hot 
 and savory, by the busy w^aiters to the dining-room. The deftness mth 
 which this "apportioning" is done by the use of balances conveniently 
 13laced renders this an interesting sight. 
 
 115 
 
BANQUET IN THE GYMNASIUM 
 
 DINING ROOM WAITERS 
 
 116 
 
FOOD SUPPLIES 
 
 S THE scientific regulation of the dietary is one of the chief 
 features of the Sanitarium system, the matter of food sup- 
 plies receives very particular attention. 
 
 One of the essentials of a dietary especially designed to 
 meet the needs of invalids is pure milk. Ordinary commercial 
 milk is one of the most unclean foods that ever appears upon 
 the table. Not infrequently such milk contains as many as ten to twenty 
 millions of bacteria to the teaspoonf ul. The ordinary method of producing 
 milk affords abundant opportunities for contamination with stable filth, 
 dust, fragments of manure, etc., to say nothing about the tubercular and 
 other bacteria which may be derived directly from the cow. 
 
 Pure Milk 
 
 The milk and cream used by the Sanitarium family of patients and 
 helpers is the product of a number of carefully inspected dairies aggre- 
 gating five hundred cows. This entire milk supply is examined weekly 
 in the bacteriological and chemical laboratories of the institution so as to 
 insure the highest degree of excellence. 
 
 The milk and cream served upon the table of the institution are 
 furnished by a dairy which is conducted in accordance with the strictest 
 rules for the production of certified milk. The cleaning of the cattle as 
 well as the milking is done by the vacuum method, so there is no exposure 
 of the milk to the air of the stable and no chance for contamination by 
 liuman hands. In addition to these precautions, the cattle are examined by 
 competent veterinary authorities, are tested for tuberculosis, and are fed 
 and cared for in the most scrupulous manner. 
 
 The Creamery 
 
 The creamery in which this work is done is on the premises and is 
 presided over by a carefully trained man who knows the dangers from 
 microbes, and how to avoid them, and is under the supervision of the 
 expert bacteriologist of the institution. In dealing with many forms of 
 chronic disease these sterilized dairy products, especially germless butter 
 and cream, are highly important. Yogurt buttermilk and Yogurt cheese 
 are supplied fresh daily by the creamery, together with cottage cheese, 
 Yogurt whey and other milk products. 
 
 Some twenty years ago (1892) an attempt was made to improve upon 
 ordinary kumiss by utilizing special lactic-acid-forming ferments. A 
 study of the observations made at the Pasteur Institute and by Professor 
 Conn, of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, located at Mid- 
 dletown. Conn., upon milk bacteria, led to the selection of certain ferments 
 which produce pure lactic acid, thus eliminating alcohol, the products of 
 bacterial action upon fats, and other unwholesome products which are 
 
 117 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 found in kumiss, kephir, and ordinary sour milk. Using these ferments 
 with sterilized milk, a product was ol)tained of superior flavor, the use of 
 which could be prolonged indefinitely without risk of any possible in- 
 jury through absorption of alcohol and other toxic bodies found in the 
 ordinary sour milk preparations. Roger has recently called attention to 
 the injuries which may result from the long-continued use of kumiss on 
 account of the alcohol which it contains, and which often reaches a propor- 
 tion equal to that in which it occurs in lager beer and other intoxicating 
 drinks. Eecent discoveries have added greatly to our knowledge of fer- 
 mented milk products, and increased our appreciation of their therapeutic 
 value. 
 
 The Protective Ferments, Bacillus Bulgaricus, Bacillus Bifidus, and 
 Glycobacter 
 
 One of the most valuable products of the Sanitarium creamery is 
 Yogurt, the Bulgarian fermented milk which has been studied in recent 
 years by Doctor Tissier, of the Pasteur Institute, and Massol, of Geneva, and 
 later by Metchnikoff. This milk preparation, known in Bulgaria as yogurt, 
 in Turkey as madzoon, in Egypt as leljen, and in India as dahdi, has been 
 known to Oriental people and extensively used by them from the most 
 ancient times. It is believed by Metchnikoff to be a prime factor in the 
 marvelous longevity of the Bulgarians, who are longer lived than any other 
 laiown race. 
 
 The bacteriological study of this product revealed a new lactic-acid- 
 forming bacillus which has marvelous powers of acid production and the 
 most remarkable resistance. Tissier, of the Pasteur Institute, Paris, and 
 Distaso, have sho^vn that the protective flora or friendly germs which 
 take possession of the small intestine at birth are displaced by harmful 
 bacteria which result from the use of flesh foods and other germ-infected 
 foodstuffs, so that most adults among civilized people have their intestines 
 filled with bacteria which are identical with those found in the intestines of 
 carnivorous animals and are carrying on constantly an active process of 
 putrefaction. This condition has been shown by Combe and numerous others 
 to be responsible for a large part of the chronic disease from which civil- 
 ized human beings suffer. One of the things most necessary to accomplish 
 in the treatment of cases of chronic disease is to change the bacterial 
 flora of the intestine by the restoration of the normal protective bacteria. 
 This can only be accomplished by a most careful regulation of the diet 
 and the use of cultures of the protective organisms. Three important pro- 
 tective organisms or so-called beneficent bacteria are now well known. 
 First of these may be mentioned the Bacillus Bidgaricus, discovered by 
 Massol, scientifically studied by Tissier, and popularized and exploited by 
 Metchnikoff. This bacillus forms lactic acid in larger quantity than any 
 other known. It is not active to the human intestine, but under favorable 
 conditions can be made to grow in the colon. Soon after the discovery of 
 the Bacillus Bidgaricus, Doctor Tissier, of the Pasteur Institute, in studying 
 the stools of healthy infants, discovered the Bacillus hifidus, a protective 
 ■organism which takes possession of the intestine of the infant within a few 
 
 119 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK Sz\NITARIUM 
 
 hours after birth. This bacillus grows in the large intestine and produces 
 acetic acid. It belongs to the normal flora of the alimentary canal, but by 
 an unwholesome diet is- largely displaced by the colon bacillus and putre- 
 factive bacteria. Tissier reports the cure of thousands of persons suffering 
 from intestinal disorders by administering daily cultures of this bacillus. 
 Through the courtesy of Doctor Tissier, consulting bacteriologist of the 
 Battle Creek Sanitarium, we have received supplies of these cultures from 
 the Pasteur Institute. 
 
 Metchnikoff, of the Pasteur Institute, has recently amiounced the dis- 
 covery by himself of a new protective oi-ganism — glycobacter. Distaso 
 claims to have discovered the same bacillus some months earlier. This 
 organism promises to prove of great value in increasing the activity of the 
 Bacillus Bulgaricus and the Bacillus hifidus. The last named germs both 
 require sugar to support their growth in the intestine. Unfortunately, there 
 is generally little or no sugar in the colon, as the sugar is fully absorbed in 
 the small intestine. The Bacillus glijcol)acter forms sugar from starch in 
 the colon, and thus is able to supply to the Bacillus Bulgaricus and the 
 Bacillus hifidus the material needed for their development. 
 
 In the treatment of cases of chronic constipation, autointoxication, espe- 
 cially in cases of Bright 's disease, arteriosclerosis, exophthalmic goiter, 
 cirrhosis of the liver, colitis, gastroenteritis, pernicious anemia, sprue, and 
 achylia, these cultures are used with very great advantage. In all the con- 
 ditions mentioned, and in most chronic disorders, bacteriological examina- 
 tion of the feces shows exceedingly bad flora. By the use of liquid cultures 
 of the protective organisms above mentioned, combined with an antitoxic or 
 atoxic dietary and increased intestinal activity, the flora is rapidly changed. 
 Welch's Bacillus, the Bacillus suhtilis, Proteus Bulgaris, Bacillus coli, and 
 the various classes of gram positive cocci — all proteolytic or putrefactive 
 poison-forming organisms — rapidly diminish in numbers and in large part 
 disappear, being replaced by acid-forming protective bacteria, the normal 
 flora of the intestine. With this change of the intestinal flora, the symptoms 
 presented by the above-mentioned disorders rapidly disappear. 
 
 Putridity of the stool often disappears in a few days, and with the 
 putridity disappear the accompanying and dependent symptoms — foul 
 breath, foul tongue, sallow skin, mental depression, insomnia, "bilious- 
 ness," anorexia, headaches, and a host of aches, ailments and distresses 
 which modern physiologic research has traced to a common origin in intes- 
 tinal autointoxication. 
 
 To those who are not able to use milk the ferment is given in capsules 
 or tablets as well as in liquid cultures, and in the form of yogurt whey, 
 a by-product of the manufacture of yogurt cheese. Yogurt whey is one of 
 the most agreeable and certainly is one of the most effective methods of 
 introducing this remarkable therapeutic ferment into the alimentary canal. 
 Yogurt whey is also given by enema. 
 
 Food Specialties 
 
 The choicest fruits of all sorts, fresh, and canned in glass in the in- 
 stitution cannery, are a specialty much appreciated by the guests. Tens 
 of thousands of gallons of fruit juices and fruits of various desirable 
 
 121 
 
122 
 
TIJE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 kinds are put up in bottles and jugs in the suiunier and fall. These choice 
 products are iiuidi relied upon as a nieans of establishing intestinal asepsis 
 and thus combating the autointoxication which is so often encountered in 
 the chronic cases coming to the Sanitarium for treatment. In addition to 
 these preserved preparations, fresh fruit is supplied in abundance, and 
 fresh fruit juices as well as other raw fruit and vegetable juices are pre- 
 pared daily and served by special prescription to those requiring these 
 special preparations. 
 
 The freshest and finest of green vegetables in season, and bread and 
 cereals in unprecedented variety fill out a bill of fare ample and varied 
 •enough to tempt the palate of the most whimsical of invalids. 
 
 For nearly thirty years there has been conducted at the Battle Creek 
 Sanitarium an experimental kitchen, in which many thousands of experi- 
 ments have been made, the results of which have been the production of 
 a new system of cookery and a novel dietary with hundreds of new dishes, 
 each of which has been carefully prepared with reference to both palata- 
 bility and digestibility, and which has been studied calorimetrically, so 
 that its food value is known. 
 
 The Original Sanitarium Health Foods 
 
 All the so-called Sanitarium health foods are regularly found on the 
 Sanitarium bill of fare, having been originally devised solely for this use. 
 "The character of these foods can not be judged by the numerous imitations 
 and piracies which are lauded by newspaper and signboard advertise- 
 ments in terms not unlike those employed by the patent medicine vendor. 
 
 The Battle Creek Sanitarium has no connection whatever with these 
 questionable exploitations. The first thoroughly cooked and dextrinized 
 cereal food preparation was a Battle Creek Sanitarium product. During 
 more than thirty years experimental work has been steadily carried for- 
 ward with the purpose of improving the palatability and digestibility of 
 man's natural foodstuffs. The first dextrinized cereal was a granular 
 product. The next important advance was a toasted flaked cereal, in 
 which each grain was spread out into a thin film and toasted slightly 
 hro^vn. The perfection of the methods and machinery for the production 
 of these cereal preparations on a large scale, occupied several years. All 
 the numerous toasted flaked cereals now offered in the market under 
 various titles are made by the same methods, used with varying degrees of 
 success. The original purpose in making the toasted cereal flake was to 
 displace the half-cooked, pasty, dyspepsia-producing breakfast mush, by a 
 thoroughly cooked and easily digestible cereal which might be eaten either 
 dry or moist, and which would enter easily into solution. 
 
 That the eating habits of the American public have been materially 
 modified is evinced by the fact that thirty to forty carloads of toasted 
 flaked cereals are being eaten daily under various names in the United 
 States alone, and the consumption is steadily increasing. Toasted cereal 
 flakes and the methods of making them are a Battle Creek Sanitarium idea 
 which has won favor throughout the world. 
 
 123 
 
T2t 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 The Farms and Hot-Houses 
 
 Two large farms and several hot-houses supply a large part of the 
 fresh garden vegetables, besides quantities of peas, tomatoes, fruits, and 
 flowers. The extensive greenhouses maintained by the institution, compris- 
 ing more than twelve thousand square feet of glass-covered beds, supply 
 the table with an abundance of fresh green vegetables, such as lettuce, 
 fresh tomatoes, and various relishes, besides a profusion of flowers in pots 
 and vases. The use of lettuce, celery, and some other fresh vegetables as 
 supplied in market is always attended, as JMetchnikoff has clearly sho\vn, 
 with more or less risk of parasitic infection because of the careless use of 
 night soil and other fertilizers by market gardeners. Such products, when 
 not obtained from the Sanitarium gardens or greenhouses, are always ster- 
 ilized in the kitchen by immersion in boiling hot water before serving. 
 It is a help to the invalid's appetite to know that the table delicacies 
 placed before him are thoroughly clean. 
 
 The Steward's Record 
 
 The following items from the annual report of the steward will give 
 something of an idea of the character and quantities of the food supplies 
 annually provided to feed this great family of invalids and those who 
 care for them : 
 
 Partial List of the Foods Used Diirins;- 1911 at the Battle Creek Sanitarium 
 
 Apples 2,936 bn. 
 
 Bananas 1,400 bunches 
 
 Dates 5,950 lbs. 
 
 Figs 13,744 lbs. 
 
 Lemons 550 eases 
 
 Oranges 1,650 eases 
 
 Peaches 1,338 cases 
 
 Pears 360 bu. 
 
 Plums 260 cases 
 
 Prunes 8,485 lbs. 
 
 Tomatoes 615 bu. 
 
 Grapes 5,500 baskets 
 
 Grape juice 20,000 qts. 
 
 Apple juice 16,528 qts. 
 
 Canned Pears 9,768 qts. 
 
 Canned peaches 7,440 qts. 
 
 Canned plums 1,560 qts. 
 
 Canned Strawbemes... 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 Eggs 
 
 Nut foods 
 
 Miscel. crackers 
 
 Granola and Granuto.. 
 
 Zwieback 
 
 Cereal coffee 
 
 Glu. meal and flour. ... 
 
 Beans 
 
 Peas 
 
 Pineapples 
 
 Milk 
 
 Cream 
 
 Fresh berries 
 
 Rice 
 
 Butter 
 
 3,744 qts. 
 6,500 bu. 
 42,794 doz. 
 1,421 eases 
 
 5.625 lbs. 
 2,786 lbs. 
 
 17,000 lbs. 
 3,579 lbs. 
 
 1.626 lbs. 
 13,640 lbs. 
 12,525 lbs. 
 11,366 
 
 120,704 qts. 
 
 37,520 qts. 
 
 32,324 qts. 
 
 8,730 lbs. 
 
 56,029 lbs. 
 
 12.") 
 
CLEAXIXG COWS BY VAC'JUM PROCESS 
 
 VACUUM MILKING MACHINE— SANITARIUM DAIRY 
 
 126 
 
WHO CAN BE HELPED BY THE BATTLE 
 CREEK SANITARIUM SYSTEM 
 
 HYSICIANS and others are constantly asking such questions as 
 these: Can you cure obesity? What can you do for chronic 
 cardiac cases? What can be accomplished by your methods 
 for persons suffering with Bright 's disease? What can be 
 done for chronic ovarian disease, intestinal catarrh, chloro- 
 sis, pernicious anemia, chronic autointoxication, hysteria, 
 hyperhydrochloria, diabetes, chronic rheumatism, arthritis deformans, 
 and other chronic disorders? 
 
 In general it may be said that sufferers from functional diseases rarely 
 fail to recover when willing to devote a reasonable amount of time to the 
 effort. 
 
 In cases of structural change, a cure in the absolute sense is, of course, 
 not possible ; nevertheless, so great improvement may be secured in many 
 cases that the patient, though he may have been for some time a confirmed 
 invalid and considered incurable, is aMe to resume the active duties of his 
 business or profession, to enjoy a comfortable degree of health, and to lead 
 a reasonably active life. 
 
 Of the many hundreds of persons who each year enjoy the advantages 
 of the Battle Creek Sanitarium System, nearly all are greatly benefited, 
 and by far the great majority are more or less permanently relieved of 
 chronic disabling ailments which are A^dth rare exceptions incurable under 
 conditions surrounding them at their homes. 
 
 Few patients visit the Battle Creek Sanitarium who have not previously 
 made use of all the remedies in ordinary use without permanent relief. 
 The usual story told is that many remedies of various sorts have been em- 
 ployed under the directions of various physicians, and that some degree 
 of relief has usually been experienced as each new remedy has been tried, 
 but that the relief was only temporary, and that a condition has finally been 
 reached in which no remedy available affords appreciable relief, and the 
 attending physician has expressed the opinion that more thoroughgoing 
 and radical measures must be employed. 
 
 A case illustrating this point was that of a chronic neurasthenic sent 
 by a professor of materia medica in the medical department of a university. 
 In his letter of introduction the Doctor said, ' ' I have had this patient under 
 treatment for the last nine years; I have given him nearly every tonic in 
 the materia medica. He has steadily gotten worse. I am sending him 
 to you to give him the benefit of physiologic stimulation." Under the 
 influence of tonic baths, massage, and a properly regulated dietary, this 
 patient recovered rapidly and was able to return to his business. 
 
 Most chronic ailments being due to wrong habits or umvholesome con- 
 ditions of life, no cure can be permanent which does not correct these 
 
 127 
 
A GROUP OF WINTER SCENES 
 
 128 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 habits and conditions. Palliative drugs aiford temporary relief, but they 
 can not cure. 
 
 A permanent cure requires a change in the patient, a regeneration of 
 tissue, constitutional reconstruction, such as can be secured in no way other 
 than by the application of the physiologic method. A change of climate 
 or of occupation is sometimes temporarily sufficient, but more often the 
 patient requires the advantage of measures which powerfully influence 
 metabolism, which encourage hematogenesis and leucocytosis, which in- 
 crease the alkalinity of the blood and assist blood movement. 
 
 Blood-Building 
 
 " It is the blood that heals ; ' ' hence those measures are the most effective 
 in securing definite and permanent results which are capable of favorably 
 modifying the quality of the blood and its distribution. 
 
 Hydrotherapy affords a means by which the blood-count, leucocytosis, 
 and blood movement, both general and local, may be influenced in a most 
 positive and certain manner. By it the local blood volume in any bodily 
 part, internal or external, may be increased or lessened to the extent of 
 five to six hundred per cent. No drug can accomplish this. 
 
 The blood-count may be increased twenty-five per cent or more by a 
 general warm application followed by a short cold spray and friction. 
 
 The white cell count of the blood may be increased one hundred percent 
 or more within the same length of time by similar measures. 
 
 The blood-pressure may be raised or lowered within two to fifteen 
 minutes by suitable hydriatic applications, massage or other physiologic 
 means, and to the extent of twenty to sixty millimeters of mercury. 
 
 One of the most remarkable characteristics of the physiologic method 
 is that the applications may be repeated as frequently and as many times 
 as may be needful or desirable, and with increasing rather than lessening 
 effect, for the body never becomes habituated to physiologic applications 
 as it does to the use of drugs. Indeed, the intensity of the vital response in- 
 creases as the patient improves in general vigor. 
 
 The measures by which improvement in the quantity and quality of 
 the blood is secured are chiefly the following : 
 
 1. By feeding of foodstuffs which are rich in iron and hemagene and 
 those salts which increase blood alkalinity. The great value which attaches 
 to the subtle substances found in the juices of raw fruits and certain veg- 
 etables is not overlooked. 
 
 2. Special attention is given to the improvement of the digestion by 
 adaption of the food to the individual's condition, and the application of 
 such measures as are known to aid gastric secretion and motility. 
 
 3. The daily ration is carefully balanced to the patient's needs, so that 
 no energy shall be wasted in the elimination of useless material. 
 
 4. All possible sources of autointoxication are suppressed, especially in- 
 testinal putrefactions. This is accomplished, not by drugs, but by an anti- 
 toxic dietary, and by various bowel-cleansing processes. 
 
 5. Hydriatic measures known to be capable of powerfully stimulating 
 hematogenesis are systematically employed. 
 
 129 
 
GREENHCUSES 
 
 130 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 6. Application is made of such measures as will increase the opsonins 
 of the blood, an important index of blood quality as well as one of the 
 chief means of defense. 
 
 7. The increase in the alkalinity of the blood is accomplished by special 
 regulation of the dietary with this end in view, in aecordanr-e with the ob- 
 servations of Bunge, Hindhede, and others. 
 
 Increasing Vital Resistance 
 
 Laboratory research and clinical experience have shown that vital re- 
 sistance may be increased — 
 
 1. By the application of tonic hydriatie measures. 
 
 2. By means of exercise, massage, and whatever promotes blood move- 
 ment. 
 
 3. By the improvement of metabolism which follows suitable applica- 
 tions of electricity as well as hydriatie applications and exercise. 
 
 4. By the improved oxidation and elimination of toxins resulting from 
 the breathing of cold air and the outdoor life. 
 
 5. By a low-protein dietary, whereby is secured a very great reduction 
 in the amount of toxic protein wastes and putrefactive products, thus 
 clearing out the tissues and improving the quality of the lymph which 
 bathes the tissues. 
 
 By the employment of special food preparations containing antitoxic 
 ferments, such as Yogurt. Yogurt is also administered in concentrated 
 form in capsules. 
 
 Limited Use of Drugs 
 
 Although no exclusive system is acknoAvledged or followed, drugs are 
 little used, for the reason that in almost every instance their resources have 
 been quite exhausted before the patient arrives at the Sanitarium; and for 
 the further and still more important reason that little permanent good 
 can be accomplished in the majority of chronic eases by any remedy which 
 stops short of thoroughgoing body reconstruction, which can be ac- 
 complished only by physiologic means. 
 
 Few drugs can be relied upon to accomplish more than palliation. 
 With this idea, such drugs are employed as may render service, but very 
 sparingly, indeed; for it is never forgotten that drugs do harm as well as 
 good, and the limited period of time which the patient can spend at the 
 institution makes it of the highest importance that no time shall be wasted, 
 and that a foundation for permanent health shall be developed as rapidly 
 as possible by such means as effect improved tissue changes. 
 
 Intestinal Autointoxication 
 
 First Bouchard, then Roger, Charrin, Metchnikoff, Tissier, and Combe, 
 and later a multitude of eminent European physicians, recognizing the 
 presence in the intestines of putrefactive and other toxin-forming bac- 
 teria, attributed to the baneful influences of these toxins a large share of 
 ' the chronic ailments which appear in the nosological tables as distinct 
 
 131 
 
ONE OF THE TWO OUTDCCR GYMNASIUMS 
 
 132 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 pathological entities, but which are in reality only the varied consequences 
 of one common condition — intestinal autointoxication. Of the one hundred 
 and sixty different species of bacteria which Roger lists as constituting the 
 flora of the alimentary canal, each one forms its own peculiar product. 
 Many of these products are highly toxic and capable of producing most 
 varied and often destructive effects, 
 
 TJhe intestinal bacteria are divided into two classes, — aerobes and 
 anaerobes. Aerobes in general produce harmless acids. The anaerobes 
 are pathologic and putrefactive organisms derived in large part, as Herter 
 shows, from meat, hence designated by him as "meat bacteria." Intes- 
 tinal autointoxication is conclusively shown to be due to these "wild" 
 bacteria, the anaerobes, which have no useful function in the body, and are 
 responsible, directly and indirectly, for a multitude of maladies. 
 
 The wide-spread character of the mischief attributed to these parasitic 
 organisms by modern pathology may be judged by glancing over the fol- 
 lowing brief summary of the symptoms, morbid conditions, and maladies 
 which are the outgrowth of intestinal autointoxication, condensed from 
 Dr. Combe's masterly work, "Intestinal Autointoxication." 
 
 Drawn features, sad expression, skin j'ellow or pale, dryness of the hair, 
 ends of the hair split, scaly scalp, sunken eyes, whites of the eyes yellow or dingy, 
 brown discoloration of the eyelids, cheeks, or other portions of the skin; lips red 
 and congested, redness increased during acute attacks, sometimes swollen and 
 hot; chest emaciated, abdomen bulging or contracted; nails soft and brittle, 
 transverse notches indicating acute attacks of toxemia ; sometimes white patches 
 on the skin of the neck or annpits ; glands in the groin enlarged, movable but 
 not sensitive; general perspiration or perspiration of the hands and feet, especially 
 during sleep. Loss of appetite, irregular appetite, abnormal appetite, often dis- 
 gust for meat, desire for plaster, sand, twine, earth, ravenous appetite; feeling 
 of tightness at the waist after meals; colic, abdoinen swollen, veins of the abdo- 
 men dilated, especially about the ninth and tenth ribs. In young children, liver 
 often enlarged. Sometimes contraction of the pylorus; often contraction of the 
 colon. Attacks of vomiting and diarrhea, bilious attacks, attacks of jaundice, 
 pain in the region of the liver, hardening of the liver, hemorrhoids, abdominal 
 dropsy, gall-stones, rapid pulse, symptoms i-esembling angina pectoris, pulsations 
 throughout the body, sensations of heat, jDalpitation of the heart, abnormally slow 
 pulse, subnormal temperature, sensation of coldness in the extremities, nosebleed, 
 high blood-pressure, swelling of the eyelids on awakening in the morning, swelling 
 of the ankles, neurasthenic symptoms, migraine, sick headache, loss of memory, 
 especially for proper names. Epileptoid attacks, tetany, mental disturbance, im- 
 poverished blood, pernicious anemia, senility, premature whiteness of the hair and 
 beard, incapacity for muscular exercise, dAvarfed growth, nanism; various skin 
 diseases, especially prurigo, itching, eczema, and other eruptions, urticaria, acne, 
 and boils. 
 
 The essentials of the plan of treatment developed and carried out in this 
 institution in combating autointoxication, as a result of more than thirty 
 years ' experience, are as follows : 
 
 1. By proper feeding to starve out or hinder the growth of the poison- 
 forming anaerobes. The aerobes, or acid-forming organisms, feed upon car- 
 bohydrates, such as starch, sugar, and dextrins. The sugar of milk and 
 malt sugar are the best of all foods for these acid formers. On the other 
 
 1,33 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 hand, the anaerobes feed upon proteins. Meat is the substance which best 
 promotes their growth, because it not only supplies the nourishment upon 
 which they thrive, but also introduces into each morsel swallowed many 
 millions of these poison-forming organisms or their spores. Eggs also 
 favor their growth, especially the white of egg, and fish and oysters still 
 more than beef, mutton, and flesh of other warm-blooded animals. Care- 
 fully conducted experiments have shown that animal fats also encourage 
 autointoxication, — good sterilized butter less than the average fats, and 
 vegetable fats to a much less degree. It is clear, then, that an antitoxic 
 diet must exclude meats of all sorts, and especially eggs. In some cases 
 even milk must be discarded, because casein dyspepsia (Combe) is present. 
 
 Four grades of antitoxic diet are employed. One of the most effective 
 means of combating this infected condition of the intestine is fasting ; but 
 this is seldom required, and it is found that absolute fasting is less ef- 
 fective than a carbohydrate diet, with the exclusion of proteins and fats 
 for a short period. The latter plan is the outgro^Ai;h of practical experience, 
 and when required, which is only in extreme cases, it works exceedingly 
 well, clearing the tongue quickly, and restoring the lost appetite. Proper 
 bulk is secured by the use of Japanese seaweed, a substance which, while in- 
 digestible, is unirritating and highly hygroscopic, and not acted upon by 
 bacteria. It serves a most useful purpose in collecting and removing 
 the foreign bacteria which swarm in the mucus of the infected intestine. 
 A few days (two to four) of this regimen accomplish more in clearing the 
 tongue and removing symptoms directly due to intestinal autointoxication 
 than two or three weeks of fasting. In fasting, the symptoms of autointoxi- 
 cation often increase because of the development of toxin-forming bacteria 
 in the retained secretions (mucus, bile, and intestinal fluids), which are 
 an excellent culture media for many anaerobes. 
 
 After a few days of this regimen, a balanced but low protein ration 
 (Antitoxic Diet No. 1) is given the patient, excluding, however, not only 
 meat, but also eggs and milk, as well as other foods (even vegetables) 
 rich in proteins. Fats are also taken sparingly, the only fats allowed being 
 vegetable fats and sterilized butter in moderate amount. 
 
 After a week or ten days the dietary is enlarged to include fermented 
 milk preparations (Antitoxic Diet No. 2), and as the symptoms improve, 
 fresh vegetables, sterilized milk and cream, and other foods in considerable 
 variety are added (Antitoxic Diet No. 3). 
 
 The several graduated dietaries employed will be found in the "Battle 
 Creek Sanitarium Diet List," of which mention has already been made. 
 
 Antitoxic foods not only deprive noxious micro-organisms of the nutri- 
 ment essential to their growth and activity, thereby reducing these danger- 
 ous elements both in number and in virulence, but feed the acid-forming 
 aerobes, promoting their growth and acidifying the intestinal contents, 
 and thus inhibiting the growth and activity of the poison-forming anaerobes. 
 
 This simple means enables us to bring into therapeutic operation a 
 great biologic principle whereby we combat deadly pathogenic bacteria 
 with friendly bacteria, and by thus changing the flora of the intestinal 
 tract, we eliminate a veritable Pandora 's box of disease-producing elements 
 which all curative means heretofore known have been quite powerless to 
 control. 
 
 134 
 
THE BATTLE CUEEK SANITARIUM 
 
 2. Of almost equal rank with the antitoxic dietary as a means of com- 
 bating intestinal infection, are means for promoting normal intestinal 
 motility. Stasis, except in the rectum, greatly favors putrefaction of the 
 intestinal contents. By hastening the movement of decomposable material 
 along the intestinal tract, the acid-forming bacteria of the small intestine 
 are swept on into the colon while still active, and the poison-forming 
 anaerobes of the lower bowel are discharged from the body in copious loose 
 movements. A very laxative diet is required in many cases. In some 
 cases, to give bulk to the fecal mass, Japanese seaweed is administered 
 with the meals daily for several weeks or even months. The bowels should 
 be made to move three or four times a day. 
 
 If necessary, the enema is employed as a supplementary measure,— 
 water, soap and water, oil, or all combined may be indicated. Manual 
 Swedish movements to empty the colon and strengthen the abdominal 
 muscles are also employed, and special colon massage under the guidance of 
 X-ray examinations. Galvanism to the abdomen and the sinusoidal current 
 to the rectum and abdomen are serviceable measures, as are also various 
 hydriatic applications which stimulate peristalsis and lessen portal con- 
 gestion. 
 
 3. The anaerobes, which are the chief agent of intestinal autointoxica- 
 tion, may be successfully antagonized, as shown by Metchnikoff, Tissier, 
 Combe, and many others, by feeding the patient massive cultures of aerobes 
 in the form of buttermilk, kumiss, kephir, and even sour milk. Best of all 
 the fermented milk preparations is Yogurt, a Bulgarian milk preparation 
 which contains the most active and resistant acid-forming bacillus yet dis- 
 covered (Massol, Metchnikoff). This preparation is daily used, in deal- 
 ing with cases of this sort, in quantities of several hundred pints. A certain 
 proportion of patients can not make use of milk in any form on account of 
 casein dyspepsia (Combe). In such cases the ferment is given in con- 
 centrated pure culture, in tablets. By thus sowing the intestinal tract with 
 harmless and friendly bacteria, the 'Svild" and pathogenic, poison-forming 
 bacteria are driven out. 
 
 The use of this remarkable ferment has been known in the Orient for 
 many centuries. Its properties have been studied by Massol, of Geneva, 
 and especially by Tissier of the Pasteur Institute, and it is now in great 
 vogue among the leading practitioners of continental JEurope, although as 
 yet little known in this country. 
 
 4. Autointoxication is also combated by all the usual tonic means by 
 which vital resistance may be increased, — tonic baths, outdoor life, massage, 
 electricity, and various other tonic and restorative measures. 
 
 5. These cases very frequently present unquestionable evidence of the 
 existence of colitis, in the passage of characteristic shreds and membranes. 
 Special treatment of the colon is often employed in these cases and with 
 most excellent effect. 
 
 No class of cases is treated with more satisfaction than these cases of 
 chronic intestinal autointoxication. Under the influence of the combined 
 measures above outlined, improvement quickly appears. The tongue clears, 
 the skin loses its dingy hue, the stool becomes less putrid, and the bacterial 
 count notably less. The urine contains a smaller amount of putrefaction 
 
 135 
 
OUTDOOR GYMNASIUM 
 
 136 
 
THE BATTLE CilEEK SANITARIUM 
 
 products, a gain in weight takes ])laee, mikI there is a stiil iiioi-e mai-kt^l gain 
 in strength. Depression and various symptoms of neurasthenia disappear, 
 and the patient sees himself getting well. Improvement is often most 
 gratifying even when a pronounced cachexia exists as the result of the 
 chronic intestinal autointoxication which is nearly always present. Even 
 in cases in which arteriosclerosis has developed, or in which there is marked 
 disease of the liver and kidneys, great service may be rendered the patient 
 by the arrest of the disease and the amelioration of his symptoms, even 
 though a complete cure is impossible. The liver diminishes in size under 
 treatment, the albumen disappears from the urine, the coefficient of renal 
 efficiency rises, edema disappears, the patient gains in flesh, and so long as 
 the prescribed antitoxic regimen is faithfully adhered to this improved 
 condition continues for some time, even years. 
 
 Digestive Disorders 
 
 By the aid of the exact method of gastric analysis originated by Hayem 
 and Winter, the work of this department was many years ago placed upon 
 a sound scientific basis, and has been in continued operation and with in- 
 creasing success ever since. The remarkable facts developed by the experi- 
 mental work of Pawlow, which have been made available within recent 
 years, have rendered possible an additional and very great advancement in 
 dealing with this class of disorders. 
 
 Visits to the laboratories of Pawlow and other eminent European in- 
 vestigators aid in keeping this department abreast of the most recent 
 progress in special lines of research. 
 
 Careful gastric examination is of course made in every case before a 
 systematic course of treatment is begun. By means of thoroughgoing fecal 
 examinations, information is obtained not only concerning the digestive 
 work done by the stomach, but also respecting pancreatic and intestinal 
 digestion ; and thus is obtained a thorough knowledge of the whole chy- 
 lopoietic system. The exhaustive examination of food residues w^hich is 
 made in this laboratory not only throws light of the highest value upon the 
 condition of the digestive process, but reveals in many cases the real cause 
 of functional and organic changes in remote parts of the body. 
 
 The importance of thorough mastication is insisted upon. It is often 
 no small task to train a patient out of wrong habits of eating, but when he 
 sees everybody about him ''fletcherizing" each morsel of food to a finish, 
 he soon catches the habit. 
 
 Many wrong habits of life must be corrected. In the cases of women 
 a reconstruction of the dress is often required. 
 
 The patient must be able to sleep well; the elements of worry must be 
 eliminated by the aid of rational psychic and mental therapeutics. Patients 
 are taught that, as Dr. Gulick has so well said, "Worry is nothing but a 
 diluted, dribbling fear, long drawn out." . "Fear-thought," to use Horace 
 Fletcher's expressive word, is a most depressing influence, and must be 
 avoided as a mental and moral poison. Exact methods of investigation 
 render possible an accurate prognosis in nearly every case ; so that those 
 who are encouraged to remain may generally receive the most positive as- 
 surance that good results will be realized. The ability to hold out deflnite 
 
 137 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 and positive hope of recovery often accomplishes more for the patient 
 than anything else that could be done for him. It enables him to get his 
 eyes off the cemetery and his face set healthward; and the quickly de- 
 veloping evidence of improvement, the detection of which is rendered pos- 
 sible by accurate means of diagnosis, furnishes solid ground on which to 
 base a further growth of confidence. 
 
 A factor of the Battle Creek Sanitarium System which is highly essen- 
 tial in the successful treatment of this class of cases is the calorimetric sys- 
 tem of diet. This system consists of the following : 
 
 1. A menu consisting of several hundred dishes having the qualities 
 necessary to render them at once palatable, digestible, nutritive, and 
 adapted to the various maladies and morbid conditions presented by a 
 large and miscellaneous medical clientele. 
 
 2. Exact knowledge respecting the caloric value of each of these arti- 
 cles, and of the several food principles contained in each. The building up 
 of such a menu is no small task. The recipe or formula of each dish 
 must be worked over in a laboratory kitchen by experts until perfect as it is 
 possible to make it. Then the calory estimations must be made by the 
 bomb calorimeter, combined with the usual methods of food analysis. In 
 the beginning, this work was much facilitated by the very exact study of 
 raw and cooked foods made by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The 
 use of standard tables, however, is necessarily a more or less inaccurate 
 method, and it was soon found necessary to carefully revise and check the 
 estimations of values by means of the bomb calorimeter and original an- 
 alyses. Foodstuffs are constantly fluctuating in nutritive value and com- 
 position, so it is necessary to employ one or more experts in chemical 
 work to maintain a sufficiently approximate degree of exactness to give sat- 
 isfactory results. 
 
 3. The menu is now ready for use ; but its value depends wholly upon 
 scientific accuracy on the part of the cooks. Each formula must be com- 
 pounded with the exactness of a pharmaceutical prescription. The kitchen 
 must become a chemical and physical laboratory. The cooks must be 
 experts in the culinary art and conscientious so that they can be relied 
 upon to the last degree. The chef must be a man of unusual intelligence, 
 large and varied experience, thoroughly faithful, loyal, and conscientious, 
 and besides this, he must have had special laboratory training such as 
 cooks and chefs usually know nothing about, and generally would be 
 quite unable to receive, because of insufficient education. 
 
 Over all must be a dietitian who has probed deep into the science of 
 nutrition and the chemistry and physics of foods and food preparations. 
 
 4. "With all these requisites, scientific food may be scientifically pre- 
 pared. The next thing is the apportioning and serving. In the prepara- 
 tion, the nicest care has been taken to make each dish of standard quality 
 and nutritive content; all this painstaking effort will be lost, however, 
 unless the apportioning is done with such mathematical accuracy in meas- 
 uring and weighing that each patient served will get the exact amount 
 for which his prescription calls. In no other way is it possible to regulate 
 the diet quantitatively. Accuracy in apportioning is secured by means of 
 eonveniently arranged balances and specially made measuring cups and 
 
 138 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITAKUM 
 
 dippers. Intelligent aiui wuii-trained persons are employed i'or this woi'k. 
 and a physician is detailed to watch the serving during meal hours. 
 
 5. The next problem is the construction of the daily bill of fare. A 
 monotonous or too much restricted dietary is not conducive to the pro- 
 duction of "appetite juice." The menu must be varied and the patient 
 must have the liberty of choice. This is accomplished by prescribing for 
 the patient under the number of calories or food nuits in total, or for each 
 food principle, as the case may recpire. 
 
 For example, a patient who requires 2,000 calories per diem will be in- 
 structed to take 200 calories of protein, 600 calories of fat, and 1,200 
 calories of carbohydrates, rather than a prescription respecting the ex- 
 act amount of bread, rice, butter, or other foods that he should eat. 
 
 The patient, of course, receives general instruction respecting the 
 foods that are specially indicated in his case, and those which should be 
 avoided, as may be necessary ; but he is thus allowed m uch latitude in the 
 arrangement of each individual meal, and so does not feel restricted. The 
 menu is conveniently arranged so that the patient may check each article 
 ordered or eaten, and at the beginning or close of the meal he simply adds 
 up the figures opposite the articles checked, and the total is the number of 
 calories eaten. 
 
 Patients are often surprised to find themselves taking only half the 
 amount absolutely needed for maintenance, and they see at once the reason 
 why they are losing flesh. They also see at once the only way in which 
 the loss can be made good, and their cooperation is thus secured. 
 
 A medical dietitian is always at hand to give advice and assistance 
 to newcomers as may be needed ; but the first three days at the diet table 
 during the research period is usually sufficient to initiate the patient into 
 the mysteries of the bill of fare and to get him started in the scientific 
 study of his nutrition. 
 
 6. The marked menu is a record of the patient's meal, which may be 
 filed for future reference. The patient records the caloric totals on the 
 blank in his prescription book provided for the purpose. This he shows to 
 his physician, who is thus enabled to keep close track of his dietetic con- 
 ditions. 
 
 Experience during more than five years has sho^^na that it is possible 
 to feed a thousand persons three times a day from a single kitchen, and 
 to know to a very close approximation the number of food units con- 
 sumed by each. 
 
 This is the Battle Creek Sanitarium calorimetric system in a nutshell. 
 The diet tables employed and extended dietaries, together with tables pre- 
 pared from the U. S. Grovernment tables of food analyses, are published in 
 the "Battle Creek Sanitarium Diet List," and will be found in the Ap- 
 pendix. By the aid of this system, the physician may Imow at a glance 
 whether his patient is taking a high or low protein diet, too much or too 
 little fat, and whether or not he is following his prescription. 
 
 The dry, bloodless skin of the dyspeptic must be made active and vas- 
 cular, thus relieving the congested stomach and liver. The prolapsed 
 stomach and other viscera must be replaced and retained in position by 
 suitable abdominal supporters and by strengthening the abdominal mus- 
 
 139 
 
AN AFTERNOON ON THE LAT\'N 
 
 THE CHAPEL 
 140 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 cles by massage, special exercises, "movements," and the sinusoidal cur- 
 rent. Irritated sympathetic ganglia must be relieved by suitable appli- 
 cations to the abdomen. Derivative and tonic applications of various sorts 
 must be made. 
 
 All measures for improving the general bodily health which are ap- 
 plicable to the case in hand must be employed, for we must rely upon the 
 body itself for actual cure of the digestive disorder. 
 
 Specific disorders of the nutritive tract require the application of 
 specific means. Those employed in some of the more common conditions 
 will be briefly described. 
 
 Hyperhydrochloria or Acid Dyspepsia 
 
 This condition, formerly too often attributed to fermentation in the 
 stomach, is, in fact, rarely accompanied by fermentation. It is the result, 
 as is now well known, of an excessive formation of acid. The following are 
 the essential features of the method employed in dealing with this con- 
 dition : 
 
 1. A dietary which Avill suppress the formation of hydrochloric acid 
 and encourage the development of pepsin so as to increase the utilization 
 of the acid formed. This is accomplished by the employment of well- 
 dextrinized cereals. Foods predigested with diastase are found useful in 
 some cases. 
 
 All food should be taken in the form of a thick puree which can be 
 swallowed without chewing. It should be chewed very little or none at 
 all. The purpose is to introduce the food into the stomach in such a 
 manner that it can easily pass on into the intestines and so avoid the stim- 
 ulation of the stomach which naturally results from the presence of food. 
 The patient is cautioned to avoid chewing or fletcherizing, as this produces 
 appetite juice and encourages excessive gastric acidity. 
 
 It is noticeable in most of these cases that the bowels are very inactive, 
 hence the importance of calling special attention to securing proper ac- 
 tivity of the intestine. Among primitive people much attention is generally 
 given to the care of the bowels, which move three or four times a day, or 
 after each meal. 
 
 Butter made from cream which has been thoroughly sterilized is tol- 
 erated by most patients, although Combe and other investigators have 
 shown that vegetable fats are more easily digested and assimilated than 
 animal fats, and are less likely to encourage intestinal autointoxication, 
 which is often present in these cases. The butter used on the Sanitarium 
 table is prepared fresh daily in the Sanitarium creamery from cream re- 
 moved from fresh milk by a centrifugal separator, then sterilized, cooled, 
 and churned thoroughly, and washed. Such care is taken in the prepara- 
 tion of this butter that it may be kept perfectly sweet for months without 
 ice. 
 
 Fresh, pure olive oil and nut oils are found very acceptable to many 
 patients, agreeing better even than sterilized butter. Certain nuts and 
 nut preparations are also found of service, especially almonds, pecans, 
 Turkish hazelnuts, hickory nuts, and fresh walnuts. 
 
 141 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Id cases in which the amount of acid is very great, foods rich in both 
 proteins and fats are employed for a short time, being generally given in the 
 form of purees. Sterilized cream gluten gruel and malted nuts are found 
 to be particularly useful for this purpose. The vegetable fat suppresses 
 HCl secretion, the excess of protein absorbs and neutralizes the gastric 
 acid set free, while the licjuid form reduces to a minimum the length of 
 time the food remains in the stomach, thus giving the irritable membrane 
 a therapeutic rest. This end is still further met in extreme cases by giving 
 the food in frozen form. 
 
 Tea, coffee, condiments, pickles, and in some cases, for a time, even acid 
 fruits, are suppressed. Meats of all sorts, bouillon, and meat extracts of 
 every description are carefully eliminated, for the reason that they power- 
 fully excite acid formation, as sho\vn by Pawlow, — an observation which 
 has been confirmed by other laboratory investigators as well as by clinical 
 experience. Sodium chlorid is restricted, and in severe cases a dechlori- 
 nated diet is employed for a time. 
 
 The patient is required to rest one hour after each meal, avoiding sleep. 
 
 The scientific arrangement of the diet system previously described is of 
 great service in these cases. It enables the patient as well as the physician 
 or nurse to see at a glance which articles on the bill of fare contain the 
 food principles required by his condition, thus giving the patient all the 
 latitude possible in selection, while still keeping in line with his pre- 
 scription. 
 
 2. The patient is advised to drink hot water an hour before meals and 
 about two hours after meals, but to avoid much fluid at meal-time. 
 
 3. Hot applications are made over the stomach and spine opposite for 
 relief of pain. The moist girdle, combined with a very hot application over 
 the stomach, renders valuable service when vomiting and gas formation 
 are prominent symptoms. The electric-light bath or some other form of 
 vigorous sweating bath, applied two hours before dinner, lessens the for- 
 mation of acid. The visceral congestion which leads to excessive secretion 
 is also diminished by massage and muscular exercise. General cold appli- 
 cations are employed cautiously, as they stimulate acid formation. Cold 
 applications are of very short duration, care being taken to secure 
 thorough reaction immediately following the bath. 
 
 A preparation of gluten, with which is combined a definite proportion 
 of protein, is recommended as a means of neutralizing the excessive acid 
 in these cases. The acid combines with the gluten and thus becomes in- 
 capable of attacking the gastric mucous membrane, which is the cause of 
 pain and ulceration. 
 
 The most extreme cases of hyperhydrochloria are found to yield to the 
 thorough application of these measures. 
 
 Hypohydrochloria 
 
 Most of the indications are essentially the opposite of those of hyper- 
 hydrochloria. 
 
 Highly peptogenic foods must be employed. The foods must be well 
 relished, but condiments render no service, as hypohydrochloria is one of 
 
 142 
 
THE Bx\TTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 the conditions resulting from excessive stimulation. The stomach is worn 
 out and must be given as easy a time as possible, and its energies must be 
 reinforced by natural agencies, but not by artificial stimulation. The 
 experimental kitchen and food laboratories of the institution, which have 
 been in operation for more than twenty years, are continually turning out 
 new and tasty dishes and food products in which appetizing qualities are 
 produced by developing natural peptogenic and gustatory properties. These 
 are the most powerful of peptic stimulants, and produce no ill effects, as 
 do artificial stimulants, such as condiments. The motility is generally low, 
 hence the greatest care must be taken. in the thorough mastication of food. 
 
 As constipation is commonly present, peristalsis is promoted by the 
 free use of syrupy malt preparations and other laxative foods. Malt ex- 
 tracts are also beneficial by their peptogenic properties. 
 
 Prolonged and thorough mastication of appetizing foods develops 
 appetite juice, which Pawlow has shown to be the most important element 
 of the gastric juice. 
 
 The ice-bag is applied to the epigastrium for a few minutes half an 
 hour before meals to stimulate the solar plexus and thus increase appetite 
 and secretion. Half a glassful of cold water an hour before eating is 
 generally useful for the same purpose. Appetite generally develops 
 quickly as the result of the increased rate of movement of the intestinal 
 contents and improved assimilation. 
 
 Appetite, secretion, and motility are encouraged by short, cold baths, 
 beginning with cold frictions and carefully increasing the vigor of the 
 treatment as the patient acquires ability to react and thus to enjoy the 
 application. 
 
 Massage of the stomach, both manual and mechanical, massive vibra- 
 tion, the application of the sinusoidal electrical current to the abdomen 
 and sometimes to the interior of the stomach, the moist abdominal band- 
 age applied at night over the stomach, the abdominal supporter when the 
 stomach is prolapsed, phototherapy, the outdoor life, sleeping in cool, 
 fresh air, — these are all effective methods which, when applied simultane- 
 ously, rarely fail to effect definite and most gratifying results. 
 
 In many of these cases, the stomach never recovers its ability to pro- 
 duce gastric juice in normal quantities, although a few recoveries have been 
 observed under treatment. 
 
 The attempt was formerly made to treat these cases by administering 
 hydrochloric acid in solution, but this plan was soon found to be impracti- 
 cable, because it was necessary to dilute the hydrochloric acid to such a 
 degree as to render it of little value to the stomach. Even then there was 
 considerable danger of damage to the teeth and other sensitive parts. 
 To obviate this difficulty a special preparation of vegetable protein is pro- 
 vided which holds a considerable cjuantity of hydrochloric acid in a loose 
 combination that is readily broken up by the stomach. Hydrochloric 
 acid taken in this way produces no harmful effects and enables the stomach 
 to do its normal work in digesting the food and passing it along to the 
 small intestine. By this means as much hydrochloric acid as is needed 
 in the stomach can be supplied even in cases in which the stomach is un- 
 able to make any acid whatever. 
 
 143 
 
VIEWS ABOUT THE LAWNS 
 
 144 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 The value of this acid protein is appreciated wheu it is remembered 
 that the gastric juice not only aids in the digestion of proteins in connection 
 with pepsin, but also disinfects the gastric contents, regulates the movements 
 of the pylorus, stimulates the influence of the bile and the pancreatic juice, 
 and activates the intestinal ferments. 
 
 Apepsia — Achylia 
 
 When the gastric function is wholly suspended, the glands no longer 
 secreting either pepsin or hydrochloric acid, it can hardly be expected that 
 there will be a restoration of normal function. The problem to be solved 
 in such a case is how to enable the patient to tolerate his crippled stomach; 
 rather, how to get along without his stomach ; to be well in spite of its in- 
 activity. 
 
 In most cases this is possible. The diet must be confined to such 
 foods as do not require gastric activity; hence flesh foods must be wholly 
 proscribed. Fats, and especially animal fats, must be used very sparingly 
 and in a state of emulsion, for Cannon has shown that fats remain longer in 
 the stomach than any other food element ; it is known also that fat lessens 
 Ihe secretion of gastric acid (Pawlow), and hinders the action of the saliva 
 and gastric juice upon the foodstuffs. Salivary digestion proceeds well in 
 the apeptic stomach. 
 
 In cases in which the bacteriological examination of the stomach fluid 
 shows great infection, it is sometimes found best to confine the patient's 
 diet to yogurt buttermilk almost exclusively for a time. Remarkably 
 satisfactory results are often obtained by this plan of feeding in con- 
 junction with measures for building up the general vital resistance. For 
 instance, in a case under treatment, in which twenty-five million germs 
 were found in each cubic centimeter of the stomach fluid, the bacteria 
 wholly disappeared under a sterile and antitoxic diet. 
 
 The patient is required to follow permanently a strictly antitoxic diet. 
 
 The success attained in the treatment of these cases is most gratifying. 
 The patient may be assured of a practical cure if willing to follow in- 
 structions carefully and perseveringly. In not a small proportion of cases 
 the evidences of chronic inflammation, mucus, membranes, shreds, etc., dis- 
 appear in a few weeks, a gain in weight begins, the blood and general ap- 
 pearance improve, the bacterial count lessens, the proportion of anaerobes 
 in the intestinal flora is sIioa^ti by the gram stain to markedly diminish, 
 and the patient finds ample ground for encouragement that he is on the 
 right road to recovery. 
 
 There are, of course, cases of anhydrochloria for which nothing can be 
 done. When the gastric mucous membrane has undergone complete 
 atrophy and chronic intestinal autointoxication has continued its ravages 
 for so long a time that the liver, spleen, kidneys, and other vital organs 
 have been extensively damaged, little more can be done than to lessen the 
 patient's discomfort by exact adaptation of foods to his crippled digestive 
 organs, and by the employment of such sustaining treatment as he is able 
 to receive. Anhydrochloria due to malignant disease of the stomach is 
 also an incurable condition, but much can be done to relieve the sufferings 
 
 145 
 
146 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 of these patients, when the disease has advanced so far as to render 'op- 
 eration inadvisable, by the employment of a bland and strictly antitoxic 
 dietary. 
 
 Disease of Gall-Ducts and Gall-Bladder 
 
 Infectious jaundice or inflammation of the biliary passages accompanies 
 intestinal autointoxication, and is a result of an extension of the anaerobic 
 infection of the intestine to the liver through the portal vein and biliary 
 passages. 
 
 Attention is especially given to the gastric and intestinal catarrh 
 with which the disease is usually associated. 
 
 Thorough antitoxic treatment is found effective in these cases. The 
 diet and general methods used in intestinal autointoxication are found 
 rapidly effective in these cases, and have effected permanent cures in nu- 
 merous cases which had been regarded as proper subjects for surgical 
 operation. 
 
 The sweating electric-light bath and the prolonged neutral bath relieve 
 itching ; so does sponging with very hot solutions of common salt or soda. 
 Water drinking to the extent of three to five pints daily and abdominal 
 massage are indicated. Gallstones, if present, are sometimes dislocated and 
 discharged.^ The chief measures employed are the electric-light bath, 
 neutral saline bath, and very hot saline sponging to relieve itching; arc 
 light to the trunk, fomentations, thermophore, photophore, or other ther- 
 mal applications over the liver and abdomen two or three times daily, fol- 
 lowed by heating compress during interval to relieve pain, encourage 
 leucocytosis, and improve the circulation of the splanchnic area; the 
 enema at 90° to 75° once or twice daily, to aid intestinal antisepsis and 
 to promote hepatic activity; strict antitoxic diet; tonic hydriatic measures 
 to promote general vital resistance. 
 
 Simple infectious jaundice is always curable. If there is obstruction 
 due to gall-stones, operation is, of course, required in addition to the treat- 
 ment. The operation is much more likely to be successful if preceded by 
 treatment to remove febrile condition and correct the intestinal autointoxi- 
 cation. 
 
 After operation it is highly important that the patient should be sub- 
 jected to a thorough course of treatment to remove the causes which have 
 given rise to the formation of biliary calculi, so that the diseased condition 
 shall not return. 
 
 The fact that ten per cent, possibly more, of adults past middle age 
 are carrying about stones in their gall-bladders without being in any way 
 conscious of the fact, is evidence that the mere presence of gall-stones is 
 not an indication for surgical operation. The disease often becomes qui- 
 escent and so remains indefinitely when the intestinal infection is overcome. 
 
 Eecent investigations have shown that when gall-stones are formed 
 in the gall bladder they are the result of infection, the original source of the 
 invading bacteria being usually the intestine; hence in these cases it is 
 highly important to give attention to intestinal asepsis. The patient is 
 placed upon a thoroughly atoxic or antitoxic dietary. Cultures of protec- 
 
 147 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 tive microbes are employed, and peristaltic activity is stimulated by all 
 rational means. Laxative drugs must be dispensed with, however, as these 
 lower the resistance of the intestinal mucous membrane and so ultimately 
 aggravate the morbid condition present, no matter how great may be the 
 temporary relief afforded by their use. By means of laxative foods, the 
 basis of which is a diet containing not less than 400 grains of cellulose 
 daily, and by the use of such other known medicinal measures as the use 
 of Ceylon moss, a hemi-cellulose, paraffin emulsion, colon massage, the 
 cool enema, application of electricitj^ to the abdomen and colon, hydriatic 
 measures of various sorts, mechanotherapy, and special exercises for the 
 development of the abdominal muscles, the bowels are made to move three 
 or four times a day. 
 
 Constipation 
 
 The great majority of cases fall into one of four classes : 
 
 (a) Cases of constipation from atony or from dilation of the colon — 
 a very common form — receive short cold applications externally, cool 
 enemas, abdominal massage, colon massage, manual movements, and lax- 
 ative diet, which includes vegetable fats, acid fruits, fruit juices, and 
 various laxative preparations of Japanese seaweed and other special 
 products. 
 
 The tone of the abdominal muscles is improved by massage, electricity, 
 cold applications, sprays, and douches, short tonic sitz bath, the plunge 
 bath, and especially swimming, gymnastic exercises, manual and mechani- 
 cal Swedish movements. Enemas — oil, soap, glycerine, etc. — are .sometimes 
 helpful at the beginning, but are dispensed with as soon as possible, and the 
 bowel systematically trained to normal action. 
 
 (h) In some cases constipation is due to spasm of the colon, generally 
 marked by a contracted abdomen and oversensitive sympathetic ganglia. 
 The contracted colon can often be felt through the abdominal wall. Spasm 
 of the anal muscles from stricture or rectal irritation, hemorrhoids, etc., 
 may be the cause. Hot enemas, 102° to 105° ; hot sitz baths, 104° to 
 108°, three to five minutes; warm oil enema at night; radiant heat to the 
 abdomen two or three times daily, and various other thermic applications 
 to relieve sympathetic irritation and intestinal spasm. 
 
 The oil enema, administered at a temperature of 104° and in quantity 
 of one to two or three pints, is better suited to these cases than the water 
 enema. The latter often increases irritation, as shown by the increase in the 
 discharge of mucus. These cases are very often accompanied by intestinal 
 autointoxication, and require special treatment for this condition in ad- 
 dition to treatment directly addressed to relief of the constipation. The 
 lack of gastric acid for sterilizing the food in the stomach renders very 
 important the use of well-sterilized foods. G-reat benefit is also derived in 
 these cases from the use of the Bulgarian ferment, yogurt. It is highly 
 important, however, to avoid habituating the patient to mechanical empty- 
 ing of the colon by means of the enema. Most excellent results are obtained 
 by the use of Japanese seaweed administered with broth three times a 
 day. This preparation, by its powerful hygroscopic properties, prevents 
 
 148 
 
THE BATTLE CKEEK SANITARIUM 
 
 excessive dryness of the fecal matters, while at the same time furnishing 
 bulk for the intestine to act upon. 
 
 Eaw fruit and vegetable juices are often found especially effective in 
 relieving constipation. 
 
 (c) Cases in which the constipation is due to redundancy of the colon. 
 
 In these cases the colon is usually both dilated and prolapsed. The 
 measures above mentioned for overcoming dilation of the colon are used, 
 together with special massage and manipulations for the replacement of the 
 colon. Manual Swedish movements are particularly helpful in these 
 cases. A suitable abdominal supporter should be worn. Careful reg- 
 ulation of the dietary, especially the avoidance of large quantities of 
 coarse, indigestible material is important in these cases. The overstretching 
 of the colon is not infrequently due in part to an excessive bulk of fecal 
 matters. 
 
 {d) Cases of latent constipation, in which, although there is a regular 
 movement of the bowels daily, the colon is never completely evacuated 
 and defecation is one to three days or even more in arrears. 
 
 The stasis present in these cases encourages the growth of putrefactive 
 bacteria and increases their virulence. After a time, the bacteria gromng 
 in the intestinal contents penetrate the mucous membrane, and chronic 
 colitis is the result. These cases can be cured only by change of the intes- 
 tinal flora and removal of all the causes of intestinal inactivity. The ap- 
 plication of electricity is of the highest service in many of these cases by 
 restoring the normal tone of the intestine. The recent (1911) observations 
 of Cannon and Schwartz concerning the normal movements of the colon 
 have thrown valuable light upon the subject of constipation. Cannon 
 has shown that an atonic or over-stretched atrophic colon is incapable of 
 contracting. In order that the colon may contract it must be in a "tonic" 
 state. This condition often is absent as a consequence of infection of the 
 intestine by putrefactive organisms. By changing the flora of the intes- 
 tine, that is, by introduction of cultures of protective micro-organisms, 
 especially cultures of the 'bacillus Infidus as proposed by Tissier, of the 
 Pasteur Institute, and by the proper use of electricity, the tone of the 
 paralyzed colon may be restored and thus normal peristaltic movements 
 may be recovered, even after the most severe constipation has existed for 
 many years. For the accomplishment of this purpose, electricity is ap- 
 plied by means of a long, specially constructed bi-polar electrode high up in 
 the pelvic colon. By applications of the sinusoidal current, a tonic con- 
 dition of the colon may be induced and by its means normal peristaltic 
 activity is restored. 
 
 Eadium, diathermy, and in certain cases various forms of internal ap- 
 plication by aid of the rectoscope render valuable service in special 
 cases. Every case of severe chronic constipation should be subjected to 
 thorough examination by means of the X-ray and bismuth meal, and 
 should also be subjected to a rectoscopic examination. In rare instances 
 surgical means may be required to relieve a "Lane's kink," an adhesion 
 due to paracolitis or diverticulitis or some other organic affection. In 
 some cases operation is required for the relief of rectal disease, although 
 
 149 
 
MERCURY VAPOR LIGHT 
 
 VACUUM LIGHT 
 150 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 the great majority of cases of rectal irritation, anal spasm, etc., may be 
 relieved by non-surgical measures. 
 
 (e) Cases of obstruction due to stricture and some other mechanical 
 causes must be relieved by mechanical means. 
 
 Here again the greatest service is rendered by a dietary system which 
 is capable of being used as an instrument of precision. By a careful 
 balancing of the daily ration and continuous use of the numerous special 
 laxative foods provided by the bill of fare, definite results are speedily se- 
 cured. The most obstinate cases often yield very speedily to this combi- 
 nation of peristalsis persuading remedies. 
 
 Special movements, so carefully graduated that they may be given to 
 the feeblest patient, are of great service. They are made so carefully 
 progressive that in a few weeks the patient will be able to take vigorous 
 movements without injury and even with ease. 
 
 In most cases of constipation the colon is the chief seat of disease. 
 It is very rare indeed that the constipation depends upon any diseased 
 condition of the small intestine. A careful study of the colon by the 
 bismuth meal and by the introduction of bismuth directly into the colon 
 itself should be made in every case of chronic constipation. A glance at 
 the radiographs of colons shown at pages 153-159 will be sufficient to indicate 
 the importance of this examination. 
 
 Diseases of Women 
 
 In no class of cases is the physiologic method more suited and success- 
 ful than in the treatment of the disorders of women, both acute and 
 chronic. The teaching of Emmet and Peaslee more than forty years ago 
 made known the great value of the hot vaginal douche. In both acute and 
 chronic pelvic inflammations, the use of the tepid and the cold douche is 
 equally valuable in proper cases. 
 
 The hot sitz, the revulsive sitz, the neutral sitz, and the prolonged cool 
 sitz, when properly employed, secure results which could hardly be be- 
 lieved by those not familiar mth the hydriatic treatment of this class of 
 disorders. 
 
 In acute pelvic inflammations, the hot hip and leg pack, combined with 
 the ice-bag, is a marvelously effective means of relieving pain and controlling 
 inflammatory action, whether the part affected be an ovary, a tube, the 
 uterus, or all of these structures. 
 
 Chronic inflammations and exudates left behind by acute inflammation 
 yield to the persevering application of hydriatic measures in combination 
 with electricity, massage, and other appropriate means, which succeed in 
 a large number of cases in which operative procedures are often employed. 
 Pains due to internal adhesions, the result of abdominal operations or 
 other causes, are often cured by the faithful and persistent use of suitable 
 measures, especially thermic and electrical applications. 
 
 By the thorough application of these physiologic measures, hundreds 
 of women have been saved from a mutilating surgical operation, and in 
 more than one instance have become the happy mothers of families after 
 the removal of the appendages had been urgently advised as necessary to 
 the recovery of health. 
 
 151 
 
153 
 
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 155 
 
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 157 
 
159 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Cases of amenorrhea which do not yield to the intelligent application 
 of the combined physiologic method, are extremely rare indeed. It is not 
 more difficult to overcome vasomotor spasm and induce a normal flow 
 of vitalizing blood through the anemic, shrunken uterus of amenorrhea than 
 to cause reddening of any portion of the external surface. The vaginal 
 douche (both hot and cold), the revulsive sitz, the heating compress, ab- 
 dominal and pelvic massage, the foot bath, and the Scottish douche, are 
 powerful means of influencing the pelvic circulation. 
 
 Swimming, an art little cultivated by women, is wonderfully helpful 
 in overcoming the causes of pelvic disease and fortifying the patient 
 against relapse. Feeble patients must, of course, be carefully trained in 
 preparation for this mode of exercise. Daily instruction is given in swim- 
 ming, and there are but few patients who do not enjoy this delightful 
 and healthful exercise after a week's training under an expert teacher 
 for a few minutes daily. 
 
 Pools of different temperature are provided, so that none are exposed 
 to the risk necessarily attendant upon sea bathing, in which the temperature 
 of the water and other conditions are not under control. 
 
 Dysmenorrhea in every form may be wonderfully benefited, and in 
 nearly all eases may be thoroughly cured by systematic local treatment 
 combined with constitutional invigoration, relief of constipation, and im- 
 proved pelvic circulation. 
 
 When some simple preliminary surgical procedure is needed, measures 
 of after-treatment are still usually required to secure permanent im- 
 provement through restoration of normal conditions. Surgery alone is by 
 no means uniformly successful in these cases, as most surgeons know by 
 sad experience. 
 
 A careful inquiry will show that in a very large number of cases of 
 chronic invalidism in women, in which the therapeutic efforts have been 
 chiefly directed toward the pelvic organs, the real trouble is chronic intes- 
 tinal autointoxication, and complete relief is obtained only by antitoxic 
 treatment. 
 
 Nervous Disorders 
 
 "While every case of hysteria is not wholly curable, improvement is 
 always possible, and a complete cure is almost always attainable by intelli- 
 gent, persevering effort, which includes thorough, all-round health culture 
 and proper psychic management, as well as such physical treatment as 
 may be indicated. The physiologic method provides for every possible 
 indication in this class of maladies. 
 
 Various forms of paralysis yield excellent results to the physiologic 
 system when other measures fail. In apoplexy due to degeneration of 
 the cerebral vessels, the advance of the disease may be stayed, and a very 
 great degree of improvement may be secured, even in most unpromising 
 cases. Even in cases of paralysis due to degenerative changes of the cord, 
 it is rare indeed that the progress of the disease may not be checked for a 
 considerable time, at least, and in many instances vast improvement may 
 be obtained. 
 
 161 
 

 162 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 The measures found of special service are the cold mitten friction, the 
 half-sheet rub, the shallow bath, the sinusoidal electric bath, the short elec- 
 tric-light bath followed by a cold towel rub or the Scotch douche, general 
 and special massage, manual and mechanical Swedish movements, the ap- 
 plication of the sinusoidal current in such a way as to exercise weakened or 
 paralyzed muscles. Special attention is given to the regulation of the 
 dietary. 
 
 In many cases there is high blood-pressure, and often a more or less 
 advanced stage of arteriosclerosis. This especially demands the suppression 
 of colon toxins, which is accomplished by the enema, disinfection of the 
 colon, and an antitoxic dietary to suppress the development of bacteria 
 and bacterial poisons, which doubtless are a powerful factor in causing this 
 diseased condition. 
 
 Neurasthenia 
 
 This so-called malady should be regarded as a symptom rather than 
 as a distinct malady. The symptoms to which, in the aggregate, neuras- 
 thenia is commonly applied are the result of conditions which are the out- 
 growth of our perverted civilization. The cure requires a return to nature 
 in habits and such a building up of the natural functions of the body as 
 can be permanently secured in no other way than by the thoroughgoing, 
 systematic application of the physiologic method. 
 
 The tonic results afforded by hydrotherapy are the most effective means 
 known of restoring exhausted nerves. There are no drug remedies which 
 compare with cold baths, which may be perfectly graduated by a series of 
 systematized procedures, beginning with the simple application of cold 
 water after a warm bath (such as the electric arc or radiant heat bath) 
 by means of the hand of the attendant, and progressing through the salt 
 glow, the effervescent salt rub, cold mitten friction, the effervescent fric- 
 tion, the cold towel rub, the wet sheet rub, the dripping sheet, the shallow 
 bath, the Nauheim bath, the cold shower, the horizontal jet, and the cold 
 plunge, — measures gradually increasing in vigor, also modified in duration 
 to suit individual cases. 
 
 Massage, manual and mechanical Swedish movements, phototherapy, 
 special feeding, proper psychic management, and the outdoor life are 
 measures which rarely fail of success, even in most obstinate cases. 
 
 In not a few of these cases the real foundation of the disorder can be 
 shown to be a chronic toxemia, and the colon is most frequently found to be 
 the source of the poisons with which the system is flooded. Bacteriological 
 examination of the feces frequently shows in these cases two to forty bil- 
 lion bacteria to the gram of dried feces, or one hundred to one thousand 
 times the normal amount. A nervous system exposed to the influence of 
 such an enormous amount of toxic matters must necessarily be more or less 
 deranged. The antitoxic dietary of the Sanitarium is admirably adapted 
 to the suppression of toxin formation in the alimentary canal. This special 
 diet system renders easy the regulation of the amount of proteins and other 
 elements with exactitude, and enables the physician, when necessary, to 
 train the patient down to a very low protein ration without incurring 
 
 163 
 
A CORNER OF THE ROENTGEN DEPARTMENT 
 164 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 risk of injury, since the isodynamie relations of the ration may be kept 
 always within safe limits. 
 
 Insomnia 
 
 It is very rare indeed that this sy)iiptom does not speedily yield to the 
 soporific influence of appropriate hydriatic measures. The' neutral bath 
 seldom fails to put the most obstinate eases into a restful state within 
 thirty to sixty minutes, and it is not an uncommon thing to see a patient 
 fall asleep within ten or fifteen minutes after entering the bath. Various 
 other procedures are likewise helpful, and success is always expected, even 
 in the most stubborn cases. 
 
 Measures long employed at this institution in dealing with this class 
 of cases have within the past few years been introduced into several lead- 
 ing insane asylums in the country, where they are most successfully 
 employed in cases of acute mania with insomnia. 
 
 It may be truthfully said that insomnia always yields to the intelligent 
 application of the combined physiologic method, which includes not only the 
 neutral bath, but also the neutral pack, the moist girdle, the leg pack, the 
 neutral douche, and also various electrical applications — static and gal- 
 vanic, — massage, and manual movements, with proper dietetic regulation 
 and open-air treatment. 
 
 In the great majority of eases of insomnia, the real root of the trouble 
 will be found in intestinal autointoxication. The blood is filled with toxins, 
 the result of bacterial action in the intestine, the brain cells are excited by 
 these irritating substances, and insomnia is the result. No permanent cure 
 can be accomplished in these cases without correcting the condition of the 
 alimentary canal. The coated tongue and the foul breath, which are nearly 
 always present in eases of chronic insomnia, are an evidence of this auto- 
 intoxication. The use of hypnotics increases the autointoxication, and 
 hence in the end aggravates the disease. This is particularly true of the 
 bromids and allied drugs. A persevering application of the Battle Creek 
 Sanitarium system rarely fails to cure the worst cases of insomnia. 
 
 Radium emanation, diathermy or thermo-penetration are found highly 
 useful in many obstinate cases of insomnia. In nearly all cases great benefit 
 is derived from the application of measures to increase intestinal peri- 
 stalsis. When the patient has been trained to secure three or four thorough 
 movements of the bowels daily, the disturbing toxins are cleared out of 
 the body so thoroughly that the irritating effects produced by them disap- 
 pear. 
 
 Locomotor Ataxia 
 
 This formidable malady, long considered incurable, yields in the great 
 majority of cases most surprisingly satisfactory results. If the patient has 
 not reached the very last stage of degeneration,. muscular control can be 
 regained and nearly every lost muscular movement can be restored, and he 
 can be made able to walk with steadiness. Although the knee-jerk does not 
 return, the disappearance of the ataxic and other unpleasant symptoms 
 
 165 
 
166 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 gives the patient ample reward for his effort. In the treatment of these 
 cases it is, of course, necessary to take into consideration the stage of the 
 disease and the condition of the patient. 
 
 There is no curative formula for this or any other malady. Each case 
 must be treated on its own merits. The chronic autointoxication which 
 clearly exists in some cases may be most successfully combated by means 
 of the electric-light bath, short, carefully administered tonic hydriatie 
 applications, the sun bath, the arc light, and the actinic ray applied to the 
 trunk. The muscular wasting and general weak-ness may be ameliorated 
 and often made to disappear rapidly under suitable applications of elec- 
 tricity, especially the slow alternating sinusoidal current, massage, and 
 manual Swedish movements. By special gymnastics the law of co-ordi- 
 nation and movement is restored, and gradually the patient finds himself 
 returning to a nearly normal condition, able to stand with closed eyes and 
 to walk without staggering, and free from the lightning pains which have 
 made his life miserable. 
 
 Diathermy is very valuable as a means of relieving the terrible ataxic 
 pains which often resist the use of ordinary remedies. The use of radium 
 emanation is also attended by a very considerable degree of success in 
 these cases. 
 
 Bronchial Catarrh 
 
 This obstinate affection usually yields quite readily to the Sanitarium 
 system of management. The chest pack wonderfully relieves cough and 
 pulmonary congestion, while tonic applications train the heart and skin 
 to increased activity and improved nutrition. jMassage improves the gen- 
 eral circulation and metabolism; suitable applications of electricity de- 
 velop the muscles of respiration; phototherapy, especially the actinic ray, 
 applied to the chest, relieves local pain and congestion by producing a 
 persistent hyperemia of the skin. 
 
 In many of these cases colon infection and autointoxication are found 
 to exist. The improvement of nutrition by correcting the condition of the 
 colon and the alimentary canal in general is not infrequently followed by 
 a rapid lessening of the pulmonary symptoms. 
 
 The asthmatic symptoms frequently accompanying bronchial catarrh 
 are generally quite commonly relieved by an application of diathermy, 
 or thermo-penetration. 
 
 Bright*s Disease 
 
 Different forms of chronic disease of the kidneys, commonly known as 
 Bright 's disease, if not always curable, yield most encouraging results. 
 In many cases both albumin and casts disappear under treatment. ^ This 
 result may be expected in cases in which the treatment is applied in the 
 early stages of the disease. If more advanced, much may be done to ar- 
 rest the further progress of the malady and to prolong the patient's life 
 by maintaining activity of the skin through the use of the electric-light 
 bath and the various tonic applications carefully administered, together 
 with a suitable dietary, active and passive exercises, and proper applica- 
 tions of electricity. 
 
 167 
 
ROENTGEN CINEMATOGRAPH (ROSENTHAL) 
 
 168 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 The intimate causative relation of intestinal infection to tliis disease 
 is now most clearly recognized. An antitoxic dietary, and such hydriatic 
 measures as dilate the vessels of the liver and improve its nutrition, while 
 at the same time relieving portal congestion, are capable of accomplishing 
 more than might be regarded as possible. In the majority of cases, the 
 further progress of the disease may be stayed and a very considerable de- 
 gree of improvement secured, and in not a few cases the recovery is appar- 
 ently complete. 
 
 The employment of the deehlorinated dietary is found to be very im- 
 portant in bad cases, being often followed by the disappearance of dropsi- 
 cal effusions, and general improvement in other particulars. 
 
 The recent discovery of the fact that changes in the blood-vessels are 
 present in most cases of chronic intestinal nephritis, renders warm or 
 neutral (not hot) baths, so-called Nauheim baths, and a large variety of 
 other hydriatic applications made to the surface, of great value in promoting 
 the activity of the skin, and so dilating the vessels as to lighten the work 
 of the heart. 
 
 In beginning a course of treatment in these cases, exhaustive exami- 
 nation is made of the urine. The coefficient or renal efficiency is determined, 
 with the other urinary coefficients, and the effects of treatment are care- 
 fully watched by the comparison of the coefficients week by week. It is 
 certain that life in most cases of Bright 's disease may be very greatly pro- 
 longed by exact regulation of the dietary and the systematic application 
 of physiologic measures calculated to promote intestinal asepsis and activity 
 of the skin. 
 
 The following is a typical daily program for a case of Bright 's disease: 
 
 Patient, a man forty years of age, six feet in height, fairly strong and with- 
 out cardiac complication. 
 
 6:30 a. m.— Dry friction in bed. 
 
 7:00.— Gentle chest exercises in the gymnasium. 
 
 7:30.— Breakfast. 
 
 8:15.— Rest for 45 min. in horizontal position, in room with windows open, 
 or in the open air; well wrapped in cold weather. 
 
 9:30.— Exercise for half an hour in the open air. 
 10:00.— Electric-light hath for five minutes, followed by cold mitten friction 
 
 and massage. 
 11 : 30.— Manual Swedish movements and breathing exercises for thirty mm. 
 12:00. — Sleep for one hour in the open air or in room with Avindows open. 
 
 1:00 p. m.— Dinner. 
 
 2:00.— Rest for one hour in the open air without sleeping. 
 
 3:00. — Carriage ride 40 min., or walking in the open air for 30 min. 
 
 4:30.— Mechanical Swedish movements— abdominal kneading, vibration, me- 
 chanical massage. 
 
 5:00.— High frequency current, general application, to lower blood-pressiu-e. 
 
 6:00.— Duneheon of fruit or yogurt. 
 
 6:45. — Rest half an hour. 
 
 7:45. — Lecture or entertainment. 
 
 9:15.— Application of moist girdle and retiring, sleeping in the open air under 
 awning with windows wide open, or with window tent or fresh-air tube. 
 
RESPIRATION APPARATUS FOR TESTING THE PATIENT'S METABOLISM 
 
 170 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Pernicious Anemia 
 
 This grave malady, while not yielding constantly successful results, is 
 by no means hopeless. By means of an antitoxic dietary, chronic auto- 
 intoxication is successfully combated ; and by the application of well-tried 
 hydriatic measures, especially graduated cold procedures, with gentle ap- 
 plications of massage and the judicious employment of electricity, open-air 
 treatment, and other appropriate physiologic measures, success is secured 
 even in very unpromising cases. By the exercise of judicious care, 
 the improvement secured may be maintained, as has been demonstrated by 
 a number of cases which have been kept in good health for years after hav- 
 ing been given up as quite hopeless. 
 
 The recently published researches of Herter and others leave no room 
 for doubt that pernicious anemia is primarily due to bacterial in- 
 fection of the intestine and absorption into the blood of poisons which dis- 
 solve the blood and which interfere with the progress of hematogenesis. 
 Herter has clearly proved the relation of bacillus aerogenes capsulatus to 
 this condition ; hence the first and most important thing to be done in these 
 cases is to combat the intestinal autointoxication. "When the intestine has 
 been largely cleared of the invading organisms, the blood may be rapidly 
 built up and the patient restored to comfortable health. 
 
 Under the application of the physiologic method of dealing with these 
 cases, which has been gradually developed within the last thirty years 
 in harmony wdth this view, the blood-count may often be seen to double 
 within a week or ten days' time, and a restoration of the blood-count to 
 the normal sometimes takes place inside of three or four weeks. There is 
 certainly no other method whereby so excellent results can be obtained. 
 One of the greatest of all the advantages of this method of dealing with 
 this class of patients is that when the patient is once restored, he may re- 
 main well if he will adhere closely to an antitoxic dietary and so prevent 
 a new infection of the intestine. The great difficulty is that the great 
 majority of these cases, returning to the ordinary diet, and especially by 
 returning to the use of flesh foods, reinfect the intestine, re-establishing 
 the anaerobic flora with which flesh foods always abound, and, by reintro- 
 ducing the deadly 'bacillus aerogenes capsulatus, one of the chief agents of 
 the putrefaction of meat, they soon suffer anew from the well-knovni 
 symptoms of pernicious anemia. The antitoxic regimen must be followed 
 continuously and permanently. On no other condition can the patient hope 
 to escape a relapse. AVith this condition he may expect to retain the im- 
 provement made under treatment. 
 
 Not infrequently apparent recoveries have been secured in cases which 
 appeared hopeless. Many cases might be cited in which this disease, gen- 
 erally regarded as incurable, has yielded most excellent results under 
 treatment. It must be remembered, however, that every case of pernicious 
 anemia is associated with a greatly depreciated organism, so that a prompt 
 return of the symptoms may be expected unless the patient adheres closely 
 to the regimen by which improvement was secured. A careful study of the 
 metabolism of the patient is made in all cases of anemia. The behavior of 
 the case under various dietetic prescriptions is carefully noted and graphic- 
 
 171 
 
WHEEL CHAIR SOCIAL ON THE LAWN- 
 
 ONE OF THE TENT COLONIES 
 172 
 
TIIK I5A'I"1'LE CREEK SANITARII'M 
 
 ally recorded so that the rea(-tioa of the body to the various changes made 
 may be readily noted and a dietary selected which is l)est adapted to the 
 patient's condition. 
 
 Drug Habits 
 
 Morphia, cocaine, and alcohol habits are rarely, if ever, cui'ed by 
 antidotal or substitution methods. The system of dealing with these un- 
 fortunate cases which has been developed at the Battle Creek Sanitarium 
 is based upon the successful treatment of many hundreds of individuals, 
 and demonstrates the superiority of the physiologic method in drug addic- 
 tion. Not only is the withdrawal of the drug not attended with extraor- 
 dinary suffering, but the craving for the drug is speedily overcome, and 
 when this system is employed in a thoroughgoing way, permanently re- 
 moved. Incorrigible or objectionable cases are not received. 
 
 "When a patient of this class is received into the institution, he is put 
 in charge of two attendants — one for the day and the other for the night. 
 He is constantly under supervision. After a few days of preparation by 
 means of electrical baths and vigorous tonic treatment, the withdrawal of 
 the drug is begun. In this the patient's cooperation is solicited. With a 
 little encouragement he will willingly reduce the dose one-half each day 
 for three days, and at the end of the third day will drop it altogether. 
 
 Very rarely is any considerable degree of inconvenience experienced 
 during more than the first twenty-four hours. The attendant stays 
 by the patient, doing something for him every moment. Gentle friction of 
 the limbs, rubbing of the spine, hot applications to the spine, a neutral bath, 
 head massage, a few spoonfuls of food, an ice-bag over the heart, cool 
 rubbing, an electric bath, an air bath — unceasingly the nurse applies one 
 thing after another as the various symptoms indicate, thus, not only pal- 
 liating the patient's suffering, but diverting his mind and relieving the 
 tedium of the passing hours. After a few hours the distressing symptoms 
 grow rapidly less, and in twenty-four to forty-eight hours the patient, 
 with very rare exceptions, finds himself delivered from the galling bondage 
 which has held him fast. 
 
 Chlorosis 
 
 This disease, sometimes so obstinate to ordinary methods of treatment, 
 usually yields promptly to physiologic measures. The electric-light bath, 
 the sun bath, the actinic ray of the arc light, followed by short cold ap- 
 plications of some sort, such as the cold mitten friction, the towel rub, 
 effervescent rub, the wet sheet rub, or the shallow bath, quickly change the 
 whole complexion of the case. The spasm of contracted vessels is relaxed, 
 bringing the glow of health not only to the patient's cheek, but to the 
 whole cutaneous surface. A general quickening of all the vital functions 
 rapidly replaces the enfeebled tissues by a sounder growth, builds up the 
 blood, restores muscle and nerve tone, and within a few weeks brings the 
 patient to complete recovery. 
 
 The out-of-door life, swimming baths, and gymnastics, together with 
 massage and local general electric applications, are wonderfully helpful 
 in these eases. 
 
 17,3 
 
SCENES ABOUT THE SANITARIUM GROUNDS 
 174 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 The training of the skin l)y daily exposure in the out-door gymnasium 
 in the summer months and the use of powerful arc lights in winter, is a most 
 valuable aid in cases of this kind. 
 
 Perhaps the most important of all factors in these cases is the careful 
 regulation of the antitoxic dietary and the establishment of a low protein 
 ration. The foundation of this practice is the belief that the deterioration 
 of the blood is only in small part, if at all, due to a deficiency of blood- 
 making elements, but is due to the absorption into the blood from the ali- 
 mentary canal of poisons by which the blood-cells are destroyed and 
 hematopoietic processes interfered with. The adoption of an antitoxic diet 
 and other means for combating intestinal autointoxication (see page 13] ) 
 rarely fails to produce prompt and satisfactory results. 
 
 Recovery almost always begins as soon as the patient is placed under 
 treatment. The improvement can be noted from day to day by the rise 
 in the blood-count and hemoglobin. An increase of half a million in a week 
 is very common in the blood-count. 
 
 Obesity 
 
 In every serious case of obesity a thorough study is made of the patient's 
 metabolic processes by determination of the nitrogen balance and by ob- 
 taining the respiratory coefficient. Daily or tri-weekly examinations of the 
 urine are made, the patient's food is carefully measured out to him in 
 calories, and the influence of the various foods and treatments upon his 
 metabolism is carefully noted and the results represented upon a meta- 
 bolism graphic. 
 
 A cure may always be effected when the patient is able to carry out 
 the regimen required. With very feeble patients, massage, manual Swedish 
 movements, and applications of the sinusoidal electrical current may suf- 
 fice to burn up the surplus fat. Obese patients always get well if willing 
 to work hard and persevere. A pound-a-day loss is a good average rate 
 which can be maintained for a long time and with permanent results. 
 A too rapid loss is not wise. 
 
 When an obese person places himself under treatment a careful history 
 of his case is taken and a thorough physical examination is made. He is 
 then weighed, his height taken, his weight coefficient determined, and, by 
 means of the dynamometer, the strength of each of his thirty groups of 
 large muscles is determined and plotted on a chart ; so it is possible to see 
 at a glance his exact relation to the average person of his own height. 
 His strength coefficient indicates the amount of muscular work which he 
 should do daily. His strength-weight coefficient indicates the degree to 
 which he is handicapped on account of his weight. His height-weight co- 
 efficient shows the excess of fat. 
 
 The blood-pressure is obtained, both systolic and diastolic, and a cardiac 
 endurance test is applied — a very important determination in cases of this 
 nature, in which a fatty heart may be easily damaged by overexercise or 
 by excessive hot or cold applications. 
 
 Endurance and other physical tests are made, and the results are care- 
 fully considered. > 
 
 175 
 
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 176 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 The individual patient then receives a carefully adapted presci-iption, 
 which usually includes the following: 
 
 1. Eeduction of the number of calories to a half or a third the amount 
 required for an ordinary person of the same height. For example, suppose 
 a woman's height to be 65 inches; her normal weight should be 3 20 lbs., 
 but her actual weight is 2-iO lbs. The number of calories normally re- 
 quired by this woman to maintain her weight and strength is shown by the 
 table to be 1,790 calories ; that is, 180 calories of proteins, 402 calories of 
 fats, and 1,208 calories of carbohydrates. The patient is asked to eat, say, 
 1,000 calories — about half the daily requirement. The amount of protein 
 will not be reduced. The reduction will be made in fats and carbohydrates 
 principally. That is, in this case the amount of proteins would remain 180 
 calories; the fats will be reduced to 300 calories, and the carbohydrates 
 to 520 calories. Sometimes it is advantageous to eliminate the fats en- 
 tirely for a short time, but patients generally do better if allowed a moder- 
 ate amount of fat, as this serves to satisfy their craving for food, and the 
 actual number of calories may be made less when some fat is supplied 
 than when it is discarded altogether. 
 
 Occasionally a very fleshy patient, desiring to reduce flesh rapidly, 
 will propose to fast for a few days. If the general strength is good, this 
 may be permitted, but not otherwise. Sometimes the patient objects to 
 the restriction of the food to so small a quantity. Such a patient is told 
 that he may eat as much as he likes, provided he "will eat only one article 
 of food. He may select bread, fruit — ^almost any article he chooses — 
 provided he will strictly refrain from eating any other kind of food. 
 Breakfast, dinner, and supper the diet is the same — one dish only. The 
 monotony of the diet cuts down the quantity to as low a limit as is de- 
 sirable. 
 
 So long as the patient eats less than the actual amount of food required 
 for the maintenance of a normal person of his height, he is bound to lose in 
 flesh, and the greater the difi^erence between the number of calories he 
 eats and the normal, the more rapid his loss will be. 
 
 2. The patient is required to take two cool baths a day, their length 
 gradually increasing as reactive power increases. It may be a wet sheet rub, 
 a rubbing shallow bath, a spray, or a sMdm. The effect of this cold bath is to 
 burn up a portion of the unnecessary residual tissue which has accumulated 
 in the form of fat. 
 
 A prolonged swimming bath, or immersion in a full bath at a tempera- 
 ture of 78° to 80°, prolonged for thirty or forty minutes, with moderate 
 exercise, will so increase heat production as to consume an ounce or more 
 of fat. 
 
 3. Patients in whom there is no cardiac indication to the contrary, 
 receive twice daily an electric-light bath or some other form of sweating 
 bath, followed by a cold bath. The bath should be managed in such a way 
 as to secure free perspiration for fifteen or twenty minutes. This also in- 
 creases oxidation, and so results in the burning up of a large amount of 
 fat. 
 
 4. If able to do so, the patient is required to walk an increasing dis- 
 tance each day. A patient weighing twice the normal amount will con- 
 sume an ounce of fat in walking a mile and a half to two miles. This is 
 
 177 
 
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 NimSES, ATTENDANTS AND EMPL(^-K 
 178 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 due to the increased activity of the combustion i)rocess:es of the body as a 
 result of exercise. Three to ten miles daily soon becomes a cheerful task. 
 
 5. Persons who are not able to take active exercise may be exercised 
 vigorously by means of the sinusoidal current. When applied by means of 
 special apparatus devised for the purpose, all the leading groups of muscles 
 of the body may be made to contract simultaneously under the stimulus of 
 the sinusoidal current. By weighting the muscles with sand bags after the 
 method of Bergeron, the muscles may be made to do any amount of work 
 desired. The work may be concentrated in the abdominal region or any 
 other part where there is an excessive aceumulatifm of tiesh. The patient 
 perspires freely after the treatment, but without suffering the fatiguing 
 effects of voluntary exercise. The weight may be reduced by this means at 
 the rate of a pound in an hour. 
 
 6. Diathermy renders very great service in these cases. By appropriate 
 applications the oxidation of fat, both local and general, may be greatly 
 stimulated. By this method massive doses of electricity may be converted 
 into heat in the depths of the tissues and thus the oxidation processes may 
 be stimulated to a very high degree. This method is especially useful in 
 cases of accumulation of fat within the cavities of the abdomen and chest, 
 which are more readily influenced by this measure than by any other. 
 
 7. In certain cases the over-accumulation of fat is now known to be 
 due to disturbances of the functions of the pituitary body or of the thyroid 
 gland. In these cases the appropriate measures are addressed to the active 
 cause of the disease, whatever it may be. in conjunction with other measures 
 which have been above outlined. 
 
 8. ^Manual Swedish movements are also an important factor in the 
 treatment of these cases. Special days orders are provided for these pa- 
 tients, carefully graduated and so arranged that the effect may be con- 
 centrated upon any particular portion of the body, as may be indicated. 
 Special attention is usually directed to the abdomen, externally or in- 
 ternally, or to the hips. 
 
 The effect of these special movements is enhanced by various local ap- 
 plications, such as the sinusoidal current to induce passive muscular ex- 
 ercise, and the heating compress to promote disintegration and absorption. 
 
 The heart is carefully watched so that it shall not be overtaxed, and the 
 patient is required to report his weight and his dietary each day, while the 
 dynamometer determines whether he is losing or gaining in strength. 
 
 The determination of the height-weight and strength-weight coefficients 
 at frequent intervals shows with mathematical exactness the direction and 
 rate of progress. An obese patient may experience a growth of muscle 
 tissue with a gain in strength while losing fat, but without any change in 
 weight. This will be shown by the improved strength-weight coefficient and 
 the patient will be encouraged to persevere in his work. The reduction of 
 fat is necessarily a somewhat tedious and strenuous process, and the patient 
 needs all the encouragement his case and progress warrant. 
 
 A careful eye must also be kept upon the urinary coefficients, especially 
 the coefficients of demineralization and tissue waste. By means of the respira- 
 tion apparatus and a determinatioTi of the respiratory quotient, it is possi- 
 ble to control at will the process of tissue oxidation. Too rapid tearing down 
 
 179 
 
GENTLEMAN NURSES 
 
 WOMEN NURSES 
 180 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 of the tissues, aiul especially an exaggerated nitrogen loss, is most unde- 
 sirable, leading surely to disastrous results. Vigorous measures for fat 
 reduction are safe only when checked and guarded by a careful scrutiny 
 of the metabolic processes, such as is afforded by carefully worked out 
 coefficients. 
 
 A constant loss of flesh with a steady gain in strength is a certain indi- 
 cation that the patient is getting on well, but a loss of flesh with a loss of 
 strength may give rise to pernicious results, and demands at once a change 
 of program to avoid disastrous results. 
 
 In certain cases of obesity the disorder is the result of deficient oxidation 
 due to diminished activity of the thyroid or other glands of internal secre- 
 tion. These cases require the use of the remedies indicated in addition to 
 the other measures described. 
 
 The following is a typical day's program for a patient suffering from 
 obesity : 
 
 6:30 a. m. — Water drinking (half pint), plunge or cold shower and sv/iui. 
 
 7:00.— Walk 1 to 2 miles. 
 
 7:30.— Breakfast on half ration. 
 
 8:15. — Lying down for thirty minutes, then leg-raising or walking on all 
 
 fours for fifteen minutes, or 
 9:00. — Swedish gymnastics in the gymnasium. 
 9:30. — Mechanical exercise, vibration and mechanical massage. 
 10:00.— Water drinking (half pint), electric-light sweating bath, electric thei'- 
 mophore pack, wet sheet pack, or Russian bath, for ten to thirty 
 minutes, folloAved by cold shower or swim, water drinking (half pint). 
 11:00.— Rest thirty minutes. 
 
 11:30. — Manual Swedish movements — day's order for obesity. 
 12:00.— Walk in the open air, one to three miles. Water di'inking (half pint). 
 1:00 p. m. — Dinner,— half ration. 
 2:00.- Rest half an hour. 
 2 :30. — Mechanical movements. 
 
 3:00.— Walk one to two miles. Water drinking (half pint). 
 4:00. — Sweating bath ten minutes, followed by swim for 20 minutes. Water 
 
 drinking (half pint). 
 5:00.— Electrical gymnastics, sinusoidal current. 
 6:00. — Supper, half ration, one pint of liquid food. 
 7:00. — Calisthenics in gymnasium. 
 
 8:00.— Walk one or two miles, or special exercises in room. 
 9:00.— Water drinking (half pint), apply heatmg compress. 
 9:30.-Retiring. 
 
 Rheumatoid Arthritis 
 
 Recent studies of this disease have given good grounds for the belief that 
 it is simply one of the protean forms in which chronic intestinal autointox- 
 ication manifests itself. That chronic rheumatism and rheumatoid arthri- 
 tis are not due to uric acid may be regarded as clearly established ; but that 
 they are due to poisons generated in the body is nevertheless true, and 
 these poisons are so closely associated with uric acid that it is no wonder 
 that the latter has been mistaken for the real mischief-maker. The writer 
 is fully persuaded that the principal cause of chronic rheumatism is toxins 
 produced in the colon by putrefactive organisms and various toxin-forming 
 germs. 
 
 181 
 
MUSEUM AND PATHOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 '1^2 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 In i^tudying the fecal matters of patients sulfering from rheumatism 
 and rheumatoid arthritis, an extremely infected condition of the colon has 
 been constantly found. Six, eight, and ten billion of bacteria per gram of 
 dried feces are common observations. It is no wonder that metabolism 
 should be seriously disturbed and that grave structural changes should 
 take place when such an enormous flood of toxins is continually, year after 
 year, poured into the blood from the colon, as must be the case with such 
 a prodigious putrefactive flora flourishing in the alimentary canal. 
 
 The regulation of the dietary is a matter of the first importance in these 
 cases. Indeed, flesh foods must be entirely discarded, not because they 
 contain uric acid, but because the undigested residues of such foodstuffs 
 remaining in the colon promote to a prodigious degree the development and 
 increase of the virulence of the colon bacteria, and consequently the develop- 
 ment of the pernicious toxins to which this disease is due. This has been 
 clearly shown by Herter. 
 
 The patient must be placed upon a strictly antitoxic dietary. Butter- 
 milk and yogurt may be freely used with advantage. The colon is washed 
 out by large enemas daily, and, if necessary, twice daily for a time, until 
 the bacterial count is reduced to somewhere near the normal point. 
 
 The general treatment consists of short electric light baths, followed by 
 cool rubbings. The purpose of the light bath is to increase the activity of the 
 «kin and to improve metabolism. There is no virtue in prolonged sweating 
 in these cases. Many cases have been greatly damaged by long sweating 
 T^aths and other debilitating treatment at various mineral springs. 
 
 All sorts of thermic applications are made to the joints. Most ef- 
 fective are the fomentation, the photophore, and the electric thermophore. 
 A much higher skin temperature can be secured with the photophore than 
 v^dth the hot-air apparatus. The latter is cumbersome and somewhat danger- 
 ous, and yet goocl results are obtained by it. All hot applications are 
 useful. 
 
 After the hot application the heating compress is applied. This con- 
 sists of a toAvel, wrung dry out of cold water, wrapped about the affected 
 joint, including the limb for a little distance above and below. This is 
 covered with mackintosh; then thick flannel wrappings are applied so as 
 to secure quick heating and retention of the heat. The heating compress re- 
 mains until the next thermic application. A hot application of some 
 sort is made two or three times daily. 
 
 The development of the wasted muscles is secured by employment of the 
 sinusoidal current, massage, and passive movements. Sun baths and the 
 arc light, and in summer-time the sand bath and open air treatment are 
 found of great value in these cases through their invigorating effect upon 
 the skin. The effervescing bath (Nauheim), the effervescent rub, the salt 
 glow, and dry friction enter into the program. Radium emanation or niton, 
 employed by inhalation, emanation baths, or the so-called "drink cure" 
 renders great service in relieving pain and other symptoms in some cases 
 in which other measures have proven ineffective. The respiratory quotient 
 determined by the respiratory apparatus of Benedict is also extremely use- 
 ful for this purpose. 
 
 Diathermy affords a means by which heat may be applied to the internal 
 
 ■1S3 
 
184 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 structures more effectively than by any other means. One-half an ampere 
 to an ampere of current may be passed through a defective joint without 
 effecting the slightest pain or other sensation than that of heat. By this 
 means the temperature of the internal part may be raised four or five de- 
 grees, and the powerful stimulating effects of heat may be brought to 
 bear upon parts remote from the surface and otherwise inaccessible. 
 
 Cases are very rare in which material benefit can not be obtained by 
 application of the measures mentioned above and allied means. The treat- 
 ment must sometimes be continued during several months to secure the 
 maximum results, but since the recognition of the part played by the 
 colon infection as a causative factor in this disease, the time required to 
 secure large results has been reduced one-half, or even more. 
 
 Diabetes 
 
 The general plan followed in the treatment of diabetes is the excellent 
 system worked out by Prof. Von Noorden and his pupils, Prof. Falta and 
 others. Bearing in mind the fact that the source of most imminent danger to 
 the diabetic patient is not the amount of sugar he discharges in his urine, 
 but his inability to store glycogen in his liver and muscles, one of the 
 first steps is the determination of the patient 's condition in respect to glyco- 
 gen storage by obtaining his respiratory quotient. This is done by means of 
 the excellent apparatus developed by Benedict in the Carnegie Nutrition 
 Laboratory at Boston. If a quotient of 70 or less is obtained after a liberal 
 dose of carbohydrates, instead of the normal 80, this means no storage 
 of glycogen and signifies a very grave case. A coefficient of 72 or 73 shows 
 still a sufficient storage power to give a good chance for improvement. 
 
 The next step is to find out the max;imum amount of carbohydrates that 
 the patient can safely take and to increase his tolerance for carbohydrates 
 through careful training by green diet and by the improvement of the 
 patient's general vital condition. The very constant association of intestinal 
 putrefaction with grave cases of diabetes to which attention has been called 
 by Von Noorden and Falta is an indication for close attention to the in- 
 testinal flora and the use of special treatment to combat development of in- 
 testinal intoxication which is greatly favored by the restriction of carbohy- 
 drates and increase of fats and proteins which is necessary in this disease. 
 The patient's bowels are made to move three times a day by means of mas- 
 sage, manual and mechanical Swedish movements, the use of a very laxative 
 diet in which definite amounts of cellulose are given, and by other natural 
 means. 
 
 Special cultures of antitoxic ferments are freely given. A culture con- 
 taining active growths of Bacillus Bulgaricus, Bacillus Mftdus (Tissier), 
 and Bacillus Glycohacter (Wollman, Distaso), has been found most ef- 
 fective in changing the intestinal flora and combating intestinal intoxication 
 in diabetes as well as in other disorders associated with chronic toxemia. 
 
 A variety of gluten breads and many other preparations specially de- 
 signed for diabetes are provided, including the greatest possible variety of 
 green vegetables, such as artichokes, Japanese krosnes, Chinese cabbage, a 
 great abundance of lettuce fresh from the Sanitarium greenhouses, dasheen 
 bulbs and shoots, and all sorts of greens. 
 
 185 
 
186 
 
THE BATTLE CKKEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Every dial)etic patient is put under the care of a trained dietitian wlio 
 under supervision of his physician regulates his diet and caters to his 
 needs and tastes. 
 
 At the beginning with tliese cases the patient is put under close ob- 
 servation for two weeks, during which time daily quantitative examinations 
 of the urine are made and the effects of various dietaries are carefully 
 studied. It is expected within the two weeks to determine not only the pro- 
 portion of fat and protein adapted to the individual's condition, but also 
 the particular variety of starch which he can best utilize. ]\Iuch light is 
 thrown on these cases by a study of the respiratory coefficient, the best means 
 of determining the patient's ability to store glycogen, upon which the 
 prolongation of his life depends more perhaps than upon any other single 
 factor. By means of this close scrutiny and the nice discrimination which 
 this method permits, surprisingly good results may often be obtained evan 
 in the most unpromising cases. 
 
 By careful quantitative examination of the urine daily or every other 
 day, and a daily record of the patient's diet measured in calories of protein, 
 fats and carbohydrates, exact data may be gathered by means of which a 
 complete knowledge of the metabolic processes may be obtained and the ef- 
 fects of changes in diet or treatment may be noted. The examination of the 
 urine includes the following determinations: the quantity, total nitrogen, 
 urea, ammonia, diacetic acid, acetone, sugar, indican, indol acetic acid 
 •and chlorids. Other determinations are made as necessary. 
 
 In estimating the amount of food sugar, starch is converted into dex- 
 trose by the addition of ten per cent of its weight, and the sugar derived 
 from the protein oxidized in the body is estimated by multiplying the total 
 nitrogen of the urine by the factor 3.65. If we subtract the urinary sugar 
 from the food sugar, the remainder would indicate the amount of sugar 
 assimilated. By dividing this remainder by the total food sugar, we may 
 ascertain the percentage of the food sugar which has been utilized — the 
 coefficient of sugar utilization. 
 
 All the above data, together with the patient's weight, which is taken 
 daily, is graphically represented as shown in the accompanying reproduction 
 of a Metabolism Graphic. Determination of the nitrogen balance reveals 
 loss or gain in the nitrogenous tissues. For example, if the nitrogen balance 
 is minus 3, we know there has been body consumption with a loss of three 
 ounces of nitrogenous tissue, since each gram of nitrogen represents thirty 
 grams of tissue (Voit and Pettenkofer). 
 
 It has recently been shown by Benedict that in diabetes oxidation is 
 increased rather than diminished. This fact renders highly important a 
 close scrutiny of the protein and fat metabolism, as well as of the sugar 
 utilization and a determination of the respiratory coefficient. The rise and 
 fall of the acidosis curve is also watched with very great interest. By this 
 means it is possible to recognize the approach of diabetic coma in severe 
 cases in which the excessive oxidation of fat and protein leads to the pro- 
 duction of beta-oxybutyric acid and its derivatives. 
 
 The importance of the frequent determination and most careful scrutiny 
 of the coefficients relating to metabolic change in these cases can scarcely be 
 overstated. Neglect to do this while making use of such powerful physi- 
 
 m7 
 
^ETAhOhJSn GRAPHIC 
 
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 . /?. M. Dr.. 
 
 Diagnosis rUAjd&^teAj 
 
 1912 
 
 J 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 
 DATE 
 
 8/3 
 
 8/4 
 
 8/5 
 
 S/6 
 
 6/7 
 
 % 
 
 S/9 
 
 6/0 
 
 ^/. 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 fl/4 
 
 % 
 
 fi/e 
 
 
 Protein 
 
 476 
 
 400 
 
 455 
 
 IbO 
 
 426 
 
 465 
 
 191 
 
 426 
 
 370 
 
 501 
 
 433 
 
 342 
 
 472 
 
 177 
 
 
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 <594 
 
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 ibi4 
 
 91^ 
 
 12,57 
 
 1518 
 
 943 
 
 1257 
 
 702 
 
 1637 
 
 1J6I 
 
 1714 
 
 1877 
 
 868 
 
 
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 505- 
 
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 fe37 
 
 187 
 
 790 
 
 912 
 
 195 
 
 790 
 
 638 
 
 645 
 
 673 
 
 541 
 
 726 
 
 15^ 
 
 
 TOTAL 
 
 2575 
 
 2741 
 
 37/6 
 
 1161 
 
 2473 
 
 i895 
 
 I3a9 
 
 2473 
 
 1700 
 
 1783 
 
 7687 
 
 a597 
 
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 1129 
 
 
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 192 
 
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 191 ^i 
 
 191 
 
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 192 
 
 191 
 
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 192 
 
 192 
 
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 188 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 ologic means as are needed to definitely influence general oxidation pro- 
 cesses may easily lead to fatal mischief by favoring the development of 
 acidosis and other grave complications. Physiologic measures are like steam 
 hammers. They strike smashing blows, but must be accurately aimed, else 
 irreparable mischief may be done. 
 
 The patient's weight and strength are watched, while measures calcu- 
 lated to improve oxidation are applied with gradually increasing vigor. 
 These measures are essentially the same as those employed for obesity, but 
 extreme care is exercised not to administer prolonged cold baths, especially 
 in cases in which sugar is found in the perspiration. Prolonged hot baths 
 are also avoided, as well as other depressing measures. 
 
 Emaciated patients, and all cases in which the urea coefficient is high, 
 are restricted as regards exercise. The attending physician is constantly on 
 the lookout for the slightest appearance of any symptom pointing toward 
 diabetic coma. 
 
 The results obtained are often very gratifying. Chronic cases are rarely 
 cured entirely, but the amount of sugar is greatly decreased, and, by 
 proper regimen, is often held down to a low point. In mild cases the sugar 
 usually disappears from the urine. The important thing is to teach the pa- 
 tient how to regulate his diet and his habits so as to enable him to live and 
 enjoy life as long as possible with a crippled organism. 
 
 The Metabolism Graphic prepared by the dietitian shows the physician 
 instantly any adverse trend of the case, and thus enables him to foresee and 
 prevent the development of diabetic coma and other grave conditions. 
 
 Cardio- Vascular-Renal Disease — 
 
 There is no class of maladies in which the physiologic method, and 
 especially the combined method of physiologic therapeutics which constitute 
 the Battle Creek Sanitarium System shows its efficiency to better advantage 
 than in the treatment of cardio-vascular-renal disorders. 
 
 The three classes of maladies, cardiac, vascular and renal, are considered 
 together because of the frequency with which they are associated, especially 
 in the advanced and secondary forms which are likely to come under the 
 care of the Sanitarium physician. 
 
 In cases of organic disease of the heart with primary low blood-pressure, 
 most brilliant results are often secured. 
 
 The hypotension and resulting passive congestion of kidneys, liver, 
 stomach and bowels, and the results which follow this visceral stasis, are 
 more amenable to physiologic measures than to any other. Carefully con- 
 ducted tonic baths, particularly cold rubbings, as the cold mitten friction, 
 cold towel rub, half -sheet rub, and later the rubbing shallow, the spray, and 
 the douche, afford a graduated method by which the tone both of the 
 heart and the vessels may be greatly improved. 
 
 The cold precordial compress, especially the cooling coil, affords a 
 means of increasing the energy and efficiency of the heart far superior to 
 any drug yet discovered. This method has been called the hydriatic 
 digitalis, but it is far superior to digitalis in the fact that it increases the 
 energy of the heart without increasing the resistance in the blood circuit. 
 It has no cumulative effect and it does not lose its efficiency by continued 
 
 189 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 use. Tliat tliis measuie is; capable ol:' doiiiy liai'in as well as good, especially 
 in cases of cardiac dilatation, does not diminish its value, but only empha- 
 sizes the necessity for expertness and discrimination in its use. 
 
 Visceral congestion is combated by the sitz-bath, wet girdle, the re- 
 vulsive application to the spine, the salt glow, oil friction, massage and 
 other measures whereby collateral hyperemia of the skin and superficial 
 parts is established, thus relieving the deeper-lying structures. 
 
 A definite elevalion of blood-pressure, 15 to 30 millimeters, is commonly 
 i]o1ed within a week or two after the beginning of treatment in these cases. 
 The albumin, which in advanced cases is often found present in the urine, 
 usually disappears. Carefully administered tonic hydriatic applications 
 improve the metabolism, appetite returns, tissue wastes are eliminated, 
 there is increased vital resistance with improvement in the blood and se- 
 cretions. The intestinal intoxication which in these cases is usually a promi- 
 nent feature, rapidly diminishes, as shown by diminished output of indol 
 in the feces and of the indican in the urine. By means of the colorimetric 
 method the estimation of these products is made with accuracy, so that the 
 diminution of the toxemia under a carefullv arranged antitoxic regimen 
 
 ASTHMATIC PATIENT BREATHING IN RAREFIED AIR 
 
 with special cultures of antitoxic ferments and tonic measures of treatment 
 can be readily observed from day to day. 
 
 A point in prognosis to which attention is always given is the determi- 
 nation of the excretory efficiency of the kidney, both as regards mineral 
 salts and urea. By the careful determination of a score or more of renal 
 coefficients and a special test for renal efficiency and for water elimination, 
 
 191 
 
192 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 a very close estimate can be formed of the degree of damage whioh 
 the secreting structures of the kidney have sustained. This is found a 
 matter of much importance, not only from the standpoint of prognosis, 
 but also from that of practical therapeutics. When the ability of the 
 kidneys to eliminate chlorid is found to be diminished, the use of chlorid 
 of sodium is restricted ; and where dropsy is present, a saltless diet is ad- 
 ministered ; and it is often most gratifying to note the rapidity with which 
 the dropsy disappears under this regimen in connection with suitable and 
 carefully graduated diaphoretic measures, such as the electric-light bath 
 restricted to the legs, the half-blanket pack, and other partial diaphoretic 
 measures associated with the precordial cooling coil, or a cooling chest 
 compress. 
 
 In grave cases the observation of the blood-pressure before, after, and 
 even during an application renders possible an exact adaptation of measures 
 to the patient's needs. This precaution is required in not a few cases in 
 which marked cardiac dilatation is present. 
 
 In certain cases of cardiac insufficiency, especially in cases of so-called 
 cardiac asthma, the patient is greatly relieved by breathing into rarefied 
 air. The degree of vacuum employed is a one-inch mercury column, or 
 six to eight inches water column. By this means, which is found especially 
 beneficial in cases of dilatation of the right ventricle of the heart, the suc- 
 tion power of the heart is improved, the movement of blood through the 
 lungs is accelerated, the respiratory rhythm is regulated, and in favorable 
 cases a very great amelioration of the patient's symptoms is at once recog- 
 nizable. The arrangement of the special apparatus which has been con- 
 structed for this purpose is such as to permit the use of oxygen in any 
 required proportion when it is found desirable. 
 
 Aerotherapy 
 
 Aerotherapy in various forms is employed in cases requiring this phys- 
 iologic measure. Apparatus is provided by which patients may respire 
 air under diminished or increased pressure, as may be desired. Oxygen 
 or medicated vapors are used in combination with air when indicated. 
 
 The breathing of rarefied air is found especially beneficial in certain 
 cases of cardiac insufficiency, especially in cases of cardiac asthma, and in 
 certain cases in which the lung is crippled by adhesions, and whenever it is 
 desirable to aid the pulmonary circulation or to regulate rhythm by de- 
 creasing the period of expiration and increasing the inspiratory period. 
 
 Special apparatus is provided for inhalation of oxygen in measured 
 doses, and the pulmotor is used for automatic respiration when necessary. 
 The pulmotor when connected with the respiratory organs by means of a 
 suitable mask attached to the face, carries on automatically a most efficient 
 artificial respiration, first forcing oxygen into the lungs, then withdrawing 
 it, and repeating the process at a rate a little more rapid than that of ordi- 
 nary respiration. This instrument is always at hand ready for instant use 
 in case of an emergency, either in connection with artificial anesthesia or 
 as the result of accidental asphyxiation from any cause. 
 
 193 
 
194 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Arteriosclerosis 
 
 When symptoms of renal disease are present, especially in connection 
 with evidence of cardiac failure, a searching inquiry is made to determine 
 if possible whether or not the kidney lesion is primary or secondary. This 
 naturally leads to a careful study of the condition of the vessels. Not in- 
 frequently, in cases of beginning secondary low pressure, the blood-pressure, 
 though much above the normal, may rise 20 to 30 millimeters during the 
 first weeks of treatment with a corresponding improvement in all the general 
 symptoms. The high blood-pressure is of course necessary to the mainten- 
 ance of the functions of the kidneys and other organs in which the blood- 
 vessels are obstructed by degenerative changes. Later a gradual fall of 
 pressure occurs. In cases in which extensive calcareous degeneration has 
 not yet taken place, in fact, in the great majority of cases of hypertension, 
 a very marked loM'ering of blood-pressure is secured. 
 
 The low protein and antitoxic regimen generally brings clown the blood- 
 pressure from 10 to 30 millimeters within a couple of weeks by lessening the 
 amount of pressure-raising toxins in the body fluids. In cases of begin- 
 ning secondary hypotension this beneficial effect is obscured by the im- 
 provement in the heart action which occurs at the same time as the result 
 of tonic hydriatic applications and hyclriatic heart tonics which are em- 
 ployed, the tendency of which is to increase blood-pressure. The diminu- 
 tion or disappearance of dropsy, the improvement in the urinary secre- 
 tion, the improved renal coefficient, the disappearance of mental and nervous 
 symptoms due to cerebral edema, the improved appearance of the skin and 
 the general improvement in the patient's strength and feelings afford 
 abundant evidence of arrest of morbid processes and improved conditions. 
 
 Later, as the general metabolism is improved under dietetic regulation 
 and graduated physiologic applications of water, electricity, massage, 
 special cardiac movements (Ling or Schott system), the effervescing bath 
 and other appropriate measures, the blood-pressure gradually falls, some- 
 times to two-thirds or even one-half the maximum record. 
 
 These cases are ahvays highly interesting, and results are rarely dis- 
 appointing. "While a few eases are encountered in which the patient has 
 waited so long that nothing more can be clone than to palliate his sufferings 
 and prolong his life for a few months, the renal tissues having become so 
 far degenerated that there is not enough secreting tissue left to do the neces- 
 sary work required to free the blood from body-toxins, a large number of 
 cases are met in which the improvement in the patient's condition is so 
 rapid and so great as to seem almost miraculous. 
 
 It is certainly proper to say that there is no class of cases in which the 
 ■advantages of the Sanitarium method are more apparent and the need of 
 'Sanitarium care and treatment more urgent than in this class of cases. 
 It is proper, however, to emphasize the fact that there is no class of cases 
 in which irreparable injury may be so easily and quickly done by the 
 incompetent or improperly controlled application of hydriatic methods, 
 ■either hot or cold, as in this class of disorders. For example, the cold 
 cardiac compress is the most efficient means of stimulating the heart's 
 action, but when suddenly applied in a case of lost compensation with ex- 
 treme cardiac dilatation, the patient may be almost as certainly and as 
 
 19.5 
 
THE SURGICAL OPERATING DEPARTMENT 
 196 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 suddenly killed as though shot through the heart with a bullet. In ad- 
 vanced cases of arteriosclerosis, either a very hot or a very cold bath may 
 cause death by apoplexy. A hot bath may produce such great depres- 
 sion in a case of either primary or secondary hypotension as to cause death 
 either at once or a few hours later. Nothing could be more dangerous 
 than a haphazard or inexpert application of hot or cold baths, or even 
 massage or movements in cases of this sort. 
 
 Marked beneficial effects are often observed from the application of 
 the high tension current. The effects, however, of this measure are gen- 
 erally only temporary, consequently it has little curative value except 
 when used in connection with measures which remove the causes of hyper- 
 tension, especially elimination of the pressure-raising toxins from the 
 circulation. 
 
 Diathermy and the use of radium emanation have in recent years been 
 shown to be highly valuable measures in the treatment of arteriosclerosis. 
 
 This is especially true of diathermy. A current of 2-4 amperes applied 
 to the spine and abdomen often lowers the blood-pressure twenty to forty 
 points in fifteen minutes. Under daily applications the pressure steadily 
 falls from day to day, sometimes returning nearly to normal. The effect is 
 obtained by dilatation of the splanchnic vessels. 
 
 The Surgical Ward 
 
 While surgery is not a chief feature in the Sanitarium, specially favorable 
 conditions are afforded to those requiring surgical attention. To the care of 
 skilled surgeons is added the superior methods of nursing, which greatly 
 lessen the inconveniences and the dangers in grave surgical cases. Up-to- 
 date operating rooms, aseptic wards, and conscientious surgical nurses and 
 assistants make this department successful in saving the lives of hundreds 
 of cases annually ; but the physicians take special pride in restoring their 
 patients to health without surgery when possible, considering a cure by non- 
 surgical means a far greater triumph than the most brilliant surgical pro- 
 cedure. 
 
 The Medical Staff 
 
 The medical corps of the Battle Creek Sanitarium comprises more 
 than twenty physicians, and from 200 to 350 nurses and attendants, the 
 number varying with the season of the year. The physicians are all men 
 and women who have received a thorough modern medical training, are 
 graduates of reputable colleges, and possessed of the legal requirements 
 for the practice of medicine. 
 
 In addition to the ordinary medical equipment, these physicians have 
 all received special training for five to twenty years or more in the prin- 
 ciples and practical applications of the Battle Creek Sanitarium system of 
 physiologic medicine. The physiologic method, like surgery, can not be 
 learned from a book. It depends so largely upon exactness of technique 
 m the employment of agencies which require physical means, instruments, 
 and apparatus, a large training of hand and eye, and the development of 
 the therapeutic judgment by actual experience, that only those who have 
 
 197 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 had special training can hope to obtain in its application the largest and 
 hest results. 
 
 It must be said, on the other hand, however, that there is no system of 
 therapeutics which compares with the physiologic method in versatility of 
 application and adaptation to emergency conditions of every sort. Every 
 home affords the means necessary for the employment of the physiologic 
 method, but of course in a restricted way. 
 
 The Sanitarium aims to make the largest and most efficient use of 
 natural or physiologic methods possible, and the constant effort toward the 
 accomplishment of this end has developed a broad and more or less com- 
 plex system, presenting hundreds of measures, means, and methods, each 
 of which has a technique of its own, and indications and contraindications 
 the recognition of which is essential to success. 
 
 The leading physicians of the Battle Creek Sanitarium have been 
 actively connected with the institution for ten to thirty years. All have 
 been specially trained for their work in the best medical educational in- 
 stitutions of this country and Europe. None are allowed to take the re- 
 sponsibility of managing cases who have not had at least several years' 
 experience with the Battle Creek Sanitarium system. But the largest 
 experience would enable the physicians of the institution to accomplish 
 little were it not for the aid which they receive from the laboratory ex- 
 perts in working out an accurate and complete diagnosis, and the co- 
 operation of an army of trained nurses, dietitians, and attendants, who. 
 with, untiring, conscientious skill, carry out prescriptions at the bedside and 
 in the various branches of the treatment department. 
 
 The management of the Battle Creek Sanitarium feels exceedingly 
 grateful for the generous support and cooperation which has been accorded 
 it by the members of the profession in all parts of the United States, as well 
 as in foreign lands, where the most eminent medical bodies accord to the 
 institution the same standing as that of any other well-organized public hos- 
 pital. It will be the most earnest endeavor of the managers and faculty of 
 the institution to make it in the future still more deserving of confidence 
 and patronage, and to maintain its standing as a leading exponent of 
 physiologic medicine. 
 
 Any reputable physician who desires to inspect the institution or to 
 investigate its methods of treatment and clinical research, will be cordially 
 received as a guest for a day or two at any time on application to the 
 Medical Office or the Superintendent. A surgical clinic is held on Wednes- 
 day, and usually on one or two other days each week. 
 
 Letters from physicians introducing patients are often of great service 
 and are always gratefully received. It is the policy and practice of this 
 institution to cooperate with the home or attending physician, not to super- 
 sede or antagonize him. The mutual aim and interest is the recovery of the 
 patient in the shortest possible time and to the most thorough extent pos- 
 sible. No method is employed which will not receive the endorsement of 
 any scientific physician. The members of the medical staff are always 
 ready to send to the attending physician not only a full report of the find- 
 ings in the ease, but also, when desired, an account of the measures of treat- 
 ment employed. 
 
 198 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 UbSTETKiOAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 The Obstetrical Ward 
 
 The advantage of physiologic treatment and training as a preparation 
 for confinement is a matter which has received increasing recognition dui 
 ing the last twenty-five years, and has led to so large a number of appli- 
 cations from expectant mothers that the management found it necessary 
 to establish several years ago a special obstetrical or lying-in department. 
 This department is in charge of a physician who has had exceptional training 
 and experience in this speciality, in one of the largest lying-in charities in 
 the country. 
 
 The after-treatment of these cases by the Battle Creek Sanitarium 
 system is found to be greatly conducive to rapid recuperation and the 
 prevention of the unpleasant sequelge which sometimes follow confinement 
 under less favorable conditions. The classes of cases which may be speci- 
 ally benefited by this department are: 1. Women who are muscularly weak 
 through lack of original development or sedentary habits. Parturition is 
 a muscular act, and a good muscular development is necessary to insure 
 an easy childbirth and a rapid recovery. 2. Cases in which obstinate or 
 uncontrollable vomiting threatens an unfortunate termination of gestation. 
 3. Cases of habitual miscarriage. 4. Cases in which from previous ex- 
 perience there is apprehension of puerperal eclampsia. 5. Cases in which 
 there is reason to apprehend abnormalities of any sort threatening either 
 the mother or the child. 
 
 The experience of this department has shown that the patient receives 
 very great benefit from the special care and treatment, the regular regimen, 
 
 199 
 
200 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 the careful supervision of the urine, the stools, the blood-pressure and the 
 blood, and the carefully graduated training of the whole body in prepara- 
 tion for the final crisis. These benefits are shared by the child as well as 
 by the mother. 
 
 Such arrangements are made as permit the patient to enjoy all the 
 advantages of the Sanitarium without unpleasant publicity, and the de- 
 partment is supplied with every modern appliance and such conditions 
 as secure the greatest safety to both mother and child. 
 
 The Kindergarten 
 
 Invalid mothers ought as a rule to be completely relieved of the care of 
 young children during treatment, but there are exceptional cases in which, 
 the mother traveling from some far distant State does not feel content to 
 leave the little one behind. To relieve such mothers of care and worry a 
 kindergarten is maintained during the summer months in which children of 
 all ages are entertained and instructed. This is not a mere nursery, but a 
 scientifically conducted kindergarten in charge of a thoroughly trained 
 and enthusiastic kindergartner. The work of the kindergarten is supple- 
 mented by that of competent nurse-maids, who relieve the mother of all 
 cause of worry respecting her little ones. Infants and young children are 
 not alloAved in the main building except by special arrangement. 
 
 The Sanitarium and Hospital Training School for Nurses 
 
 The nurses employed in the institution are students or graduates of the 
 Sanitarium and Hospital Training-school for Nurses, one of the oldest, 
 largest, and most thoroughly equipped training-schools for nurses in the 
 United States. The school has a faculty numbering thirty capable teachers 
 and lecturers, and a curriculum which covers not only all the ground 
 ordinarily covered in the best hospital training-schools, but in addition, 
 the great field of hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, medical gymnastics, photo- 
 therapy, medical dietetics, and other features of the physiologic system. 
 
 The nurses have on an average two classes a day during their 
 three years period in training. Training is carried forward during the 
 entire year, so that the amount of actual instruction received by the stud- 
 ents of this school is more than double that given in most other training- 
 schools. 
 
 The Battle Creek School of Health and Home Economics 
 
 The necessity for training a large number of cooks, dietitians, and ex- 
 pert hygienic housekeepers for the work of the institution, to supply re- 
 cruits for the constantly changing corps employed in these capacities, 
 often numbering a hundred or more, led the management some years ago 
 to establish a special department for this work, which has developed into an 
 educational institution of unexpected proportions and importance. This 
 department represents in its curriculum all the branches usually taught 
 in the best schools of domestic or household science, and covers a still 
 broader field, especially in the subjects of nutrition and medical dietetics, 
 and in the application of the latest findings of science to the conduct of the 
 home and the household. 
 
 201 
 
CLASS IN THE COOKING SCHOOL 
 
 DIETITIANS 
 202 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 The special advantages offered by this school have already attracted a 
 considerable number of students from distant parts of the United tStates 
 and Europe, including graduates from other schools, chietly persons 
 preparing to fill positions as teachers of home economics in special schools 
 and other institutions. 
 
 The General Atmosphere 
 
 A quiet, unobtrusive religious atmosphere is maintained in the insti- 
 tution. Morning worship is held daily. A Bible class for the study of the 
 International Sunday-school lesson is held in the parlor Sunday after- 
 noon, and a religious service is also held in the parlor Sunday evening. 
 A Christian Endeavor Society meets every Friday evening. 
 
 No theological or sectarian propaganda is permitted. The status of 
 the institution is solely that of a Christian altruistic enterprise. 
 
 Large numbers of nurses (2000), and many physicians (200), have ob- 
 tained training here for the purpose of devoting their lives to various lines 
 of missionary and altruistic work ; seventy-five or a himdred others are con- 
 stantly under training for this beneficent work. 
 
 A Public Charity— No Private Interest — No Sectarian 
 
 Affiliation 
 
 The Battle Creek Sanitarium corporation is a private enterprise con- 
 ceived and conducted solely for the public welfare. It has never been 
 OAvned by any church or sect. For many years the institution was closely 
 affiliated Avith the Seventh-day Adventist denomination because of the fact 
 that the original founders and contributing members were chiefly members 
 of the denomination named; but the nonsectarian and undenominational 
 character of the work was always fully acknowledged, and was fully indi- 
 cated by its charter. An attempt made some years ago by the central com- 
 mittee of the denomination named to bring the institution under church 
 control resulted in a complete severance of all relations to that body, so that 
 since that time the institution has been absolutely free from any sectarian 
 alliance whatever. The personnel is made up of Christian men and women 
 of various denominations, but there is no church or sectarian control or 
 affiliation. 
 
 There are no stockholders, no dividends, and no private interest; the 
 property is dedicated to the public and is held by trustees for the purposes 
 named in the articles of incorporation (see pages 25-27). 
 
 An Allied Charity 
 
 One of the numerous allied charities worthy of notice is the Haskell 
 Home for Orphans, organized through the efforts of the Sanitarium 
 Management, aided chiefly by the generosity of Mrs. Caroline E. Haskell, 
 of Michigan City, Indiana. In this institution orphan children are reared, 
 trained, and educated in accordance with the simple life principles of the 
 institution. More than five hundred children have been rescued through 
 the agency of the home. 
 
 This institution receives constant financial aid and other essential assist- 
 ance from the Sanitarium Management. 
 
 203 
 
204 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Sanitarium Health Foods 
 
 In the effort to meet the dietetic needs of a great variety of patients, 
 the superintendent of the institution from time to time has devised various 
 foods and food preparations, some of which have found general popular 
 favor. Among these are cereal coffee substitutes, various dextrin ized 
 and malted or predigested foods, and various toasted flaked cereals. A 
 number of these have been widely exploited by various imitators and 
 piratical schemers. The numerous varieties of wheat and corn flakes on the 
 market under various picturesque names are all imitations of the original 
 wheat and corn flakes made for the patients of this institution. 
 
 The Battle Creek Sanitarium has never at any time had any con- 
 nection whatever with the manufacture of any of the numerous nostrums 
 made or sold by parties advertising from Battle Creek. The prestige of 
 Battle Creek as a health center has made this an attractive place for the 
 operations of various charlatans, and not the least pretentious and preda- 
 tory of these are the numerous food charlatans who, posing as experts and 
 discoverers, have reaped a rich harvest from the credulity of a confiding 
 public and to some extent at the expense of the Battle Creek Sanitarium, 
 because the profession and the public are generally unacquainted with the 
 facts above stated. 
 
 Department for the Treatment of Persons with Limited Means 
 
 Provision is made for the care of the sick poor as well as for the well 
 to do. East Hall, one of the large buildings not destroyed by the fire, 
 formerly used as a nurses' dormitory, was immediately supplied with a 
 complete equipment of Sanitarium appliances. In this building persons 
 who are not able to pay the prices named in the regular rate card receive 
 special rates according as their circumstances may require. The minimum 
 rates in this building are about half the regular rates. Arrangements 
 must be made in advance for special reduced rates, as the accommodations 
 for this class are necessarily not unlimited. The winter season, when the 
 patronage is not so large as in the summer, is the best time to send patients 
 of this class. Worthy persons of limited means receive just the same con- 
 sideration as wealthy patrons as regards thoroughness of examination and 
 treatment. 
 
 Further provision is made for persons whose means are still more limited. 
 Across the road from the main building is located the Sanitarium dispensary. 
 Here are found not only commodious examining offices, but also two com- 
 plete suites of treatment rooms — for men and for women. Here the poorest 
 patient may receive whatever treatment his case may require, without 
 paying anything either for treatment, medical attention, or examination. 
 The case of the poorest sufferer receives the same painstaking, careful 
 investigation as that of the wealthiest patient. 
 
 A nominal charge of fifty cents daily is made for treatment in this de- 
 partment, but this is not required of those who are penniless. No appli- 
 cant is turned away because of his inability to pay. 
 
 This class of patients are expected to provide their own room and 
 board. Table board prepared by Sanitarium cooks may be had at the rate 
 of fifty to seventy-five cents a day at the cafe. 
 
 205 
 
DISPElS^SARY AT. 888 THIRTY-FIFTH PLACE^ CHICAGO 
 206 
 
THE HA'J'TLE CREEK SANITAKIIM 
 
 Several hundred patients aie now treated annually in these departments, 
 ;and as the debt incurred in tlie erection of the new building is gradually 
 lessened, the numl)er will ])e proportionally increased. 
 
 In addition to the charitable work above mentioned, a large dispensary 
 has been maintained in Chicago since ]893. This is located in "The 
 Jungle," or stockyard district, at 888 Thirty-fifth Place. The Battle Creek 
 Sanitarium supports a number of visiting nurses in connection with the 
 Chicago dispensary, as a part of the work of the training school for nurses, 
 but the main expenses of this institution are met by personal donations 
 from the members of the management. One or more visiting nurses are 
 constantly employed in caring for the sick poor of Battle Creek and 
 vicinity. 
 
 No Branches and No Affiliated Institutions 
 
 The Battle Creek Sanitarium lias no branches and is not allied to or 
 affiliated with any other institution in the world. It stands alone in its 
 work as a separate, distinct organization, having its own mission, its own 
 Ix)ard of management, and supported by its o^vn resources. 
 
 The Battle Creek Sanitarium is the only institution which represents in 
 a thorough and up-to-date manner the Battle Creek Sanitarium System 
 of treatment; in fact, it is the only one which is authorized to announce 
 itself to the public as employing the Battle Creek Sanitarium System, as 
 it is the only institution which is fitted up with the necessary laboratory 
 appliances and the trained corps of physicians, attendants and nurses which 
 a right application of this system requires. 
 
 Conclusion 
 
 In concluding this attempt to present on paper something of an idea 
 of the methods of dealing with sick people which constitute the Battle 
 Creek Sanitarium System of Physiological Therapeutics, the writer desires 
 to express the hope that he has at least made clear to the mind of the- 
 reader that an earnest effort is made in the work of this institution to 
 represent the art and science of rational medicine in a worthy and 
 thoroughgoing manner, and to maintain the highest ethical and profes- 
 sional ideals. 
 
 As a last word, the writer desires especially to acknowledge his in- 
 debtedness to the members of the profession of the United States for 
 numberless personal courtesies, and especially for the increasing measure of 
 confidence and cooperation shown toward the institution as it has pro- 
 gressed and developed since the reorganization when the present manage- 
 ment took charge thirty-seven years ago (1876), to the present more ade- 
 quate and comprehensive state. 
 
 c:^^ 
 
 // 
 
 •07 
 
VIEWS ON ONE OF THE S ANITA RIU3iI FARMS 
 
 208 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Table Showing for Boys and Girls of Different Ages the Normal 
 
 Height, Weight, Surface, and the Number op Food 
 
 Units or Calories Required Daily 
 
 BOYS 
 
 Age 
 
 5.. 
 
 6.. 
 
 7.. 
 
 8.. 
 
 9.. 
 10.. 
 11.. 
 12.. 
 13.. 
 14.. 
 
 Age 
 
 5.. 
 
 6.. 
 
 7.. 
 
 8.. 
 
 9.. 
 10.. 
 11.. 
 12.. 
 
 Height in 
 
 Weight in 
 
 Surface in 
 
 Calories or 
 
 Inches 
 
 Pounds 
 
 Square Feet 
 
 Food Units 
 
 41.57 
 
 41.09 
 
 7.9 
 
 816.2 
 
 43.75 
 
 45.17 
 
 8.3 
 
 855 . 9 
 
 45.74 
 
 49.07 
 
 8.8 
 
 912.4 
 
 47.76 
 
 53 . 92 
 
 9.4 
 
 981.1 
 
 49.69 
 
 59.23 
 
 9.9 
 
 1,043.7 
 
 51.58 
 
 65.30 
 
 10.5 
 
 1,117.5 
 
 53.33 
 
 70.18 
 
 11.0 
 
 1,178.2 
 
 55.11 
 
 76.92 
 
 11.6 
 
 1,254.8 
 
 57.21 
 
 84.85 
 
 12.4 
 
 1,352.6 
 
 59.88 
 
 94.91 
 GIRLS 
 
 13.4 
 
 1,471.3 
 
 Height in 
 
 Weight in 
 
 Surface in 
 
 Calories or 
 
 Inches 
 
 Pounds 
 
 Square Feet 
 
 Food Units 
 
 41.29 
 
 39.66 
 
 7.7 
 
 784.5 
 
 43.35 
 
 43.28 
 
 8.1 
 
 831.9 
 
 45.52 
 
 47.46 
 
 8.5 
 
 881.7 
 
 47.58 
 
 52.04 
 
 9.2 
 
 957.1 
 
 49 .37 
 
 57.07 
 
 9.7 
 
 1,018.5 
 
 51.34 
 
 62.35 
 
 10.2 
 
 1,081.0 
 
 53.42 
 
 68.84 
 
 10.7 
 
 1,148.5 
 
 55.88 
 
 78.31 
 
 11.8 
 
 1,276.8 
 
 Table Showing Height, Weight, Surface, and Number of Food Units 
 or Calories Required Daily by Adults 
 
 MEN 
 
 Height 
 
 Weight 
 
 Surface in 
 
 
 Calories 
 
 or Food Units 
 
 
 in In. 
 
 in Pounds 
 
 Square Ft. 
 
 Proteins 
 
 Fats 
 
 Carbohydrates 
 
 Total 
 
 61 
 
 131 
 
 15.92 
 
 197 
 
 591 
 
 1,182 
 
 1,970 
 
 62 
 
 133 
 
 16.06 
 
 200 
 
 600 
 
 1,200 
 
 2,000 
 
 63 
 
 136 
 
 16.27 
 
 204 
 
 612 
 
 1,224 
 
 2,040 
 
 64 
 
 140 
 
 16.55 
 
 210 
 
 630 
 
 1,260 
 
 2,100 
 
 65 
 
 143 
 
 16.76 
 
 215 
 
 645 
 
 1,290 
 
 2,150 
 
 66 
 
 147 
 
 17.06 
 
 221 
 
 663 
 
 1,326 
 
 2,210 
 
 67 
 
 152 
 
 17.40 
 
 228 
 
 684 
 
 1,368 
 
 2,280 
 
 68 
 
 157 
 
 17.76 
 
 236 
 
 708 
 
 1,416 
 
 2,360 
 
 69 
 
 162 
 
 18.12 
 
 243 
 
 729 
 
 1,458 
 
 2,430 
 
 70 
 
 167 
 
 18.48 
 
 251 
 
 753 
 
 1,506 
 
 2,510 
 
 71 
 
 173 
 
 18.91 
 
 260 
 
 780 
 
 1,560 
 
 2,600 
 
 72 
 
 179 
 
 19.34 
 
 269 
 
 807 
 
 1,614 
 
 2,690 
 
 73 
 
 185 
 
 19.89 
 
 278 
 
 834 
 
 1,668 
 
 2,780 
 
 74 
 
 192 
 
 20.33 
 
 288 
 
 864 
 
 1,728 
 
 2,880 
 
 75 
 
 200 
 
 20.88 
 
 300 
 
 900 
 
 1,800 
 
 3,000 
 
 209 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 
 
 
 WOMEN 
 
 
 
 
 Height 
 
 Weight 
 
 Surface in 
 
 
 Calories 
 
 or Food Units 
 
 
 in In. 
 
 in Pounds 
 
 Square Ft. 
 
 Proteins 
 
 Fats 
 
 Carbohydrates 
 
 Total 
 
 59 
 
 119 
 
 14.82 
 
 179 
 
 537 
 
 1,074 
 
 1,790 
 
 60 
 
 122 
 
 15.03 
 
 183 
 
 549 
 
 1,098 
 
 1,830 
 
 61 
 
 124 
 
 15.29 
 
 186 
 
 558 
 
 1,116 
 
 1,860 
 
 62 
 
 127 
 
 15.50 
 
 191 
 
 573 
 
 1,146 
 
 1,910 
 
 63 
 
 131 
 
 15.92 
 
 197 
 
 591 
 
 1,182 
 
 1,970 
 
 64 
 
 134 
 
 16.13 
 
 201 
 
 603 
 
 1,206 
 
 2,010 
 
 65 
 
 139 
 
 16.48 
 
 209 
 
 627 
 
 1,254 
 
 2,090 
 
 66 
 
 143 
 
 16.76 
 
 215 
 
 645 
 
 1,290 
 
 2,150 
 
 67 
 
 147 
 
 17.06 
 
 221 
 
 663 
 
 1,326 
 
 2,210 
 
 68 
 
 151 
 
 17.34 
 
 227 
 
 681 
 
 1,362 
 
 2,270 
 
 69 
 
 155 
 
 17.64 
 
 232 
 
 696 
 
 1,392 
 
 2,320 
 
 70 
 
 159 
 
 17.92 
 
 239 
 
 717 
 
 1,434 
 
 2,390 
 
 DIET TABLE 
 
 Diet List, Showing the Nutritive Value per Ounce of Various Foodstuffs 
 Expressed in Calories, the Weight Required for a "Portion" of 100 Calories 
 Each, and the Number of Calories of Each Food Principle in an Ordinary- 
 Serving of Food. 
 
 Calories Per Ounce 
 
 Calories Served 
 
 a u ■■^ 
 !=■ ° S 
 O 
 
 V4. 
 
 Vs 
 
 1% 
 11/2 
 51/2 
 
 6 
 
 31/4 
 4 
 
 6 i 
 
 31/4 
 
 21/4 
 
 21/2 
 
 51/2 
 
 11/2 
 
 21/2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 2% 
 
 31/2 
 
 51/2 
 
 2% 
 
 31/4 
 
 41/4 
 
 3 
 
 41 
 
 3 
 
 31/0 
 
 6 
 
 1% 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 21/2 
 4 
 
 Almonds - 24.5 
 
 Almond Butter ..'. 26 
 
 Almond Cream 1.1 
 
 Almond Meal 26 
 
 Apples 2.75 
 
 Apples, AlmioDid 1.01 
 
 Apples, Baked 6 
 
 Apples, Baked wi'th Meltose 
 
 Dressing 7 
 
 Apples, Baked with Rolled 
 
 Oats - 1.6 
 
 Apiples, Baked Sweet 6 
 
 Apple Butter 34 
 
 Apple and Date Fluff 3. 
 
 Apples, Fresh 2.75 
 
 Apple Fritters 8.65 
 
 Apj)les, Grape 5 
 
 Apple and Jelly 1.63 
 
 Apple Juice - 
 
 Apple, Lemon 5 
 
 Apple Sauee 3 
 
 Apiples, Sour 18 
 
 Apple Tapioea 2.6 
 
 Apple Tart - 4.76 
 
 Apple, Whip or Snow 5.5 
 
 Apiricots - - 1.3 
 
 Apricot a la Conda 2.83 
 
 Apricot Flufe - 1.6 
 
 Apricot Sauce 1 2 
 
 Apricot Shortcake 3.3 
 
 Asparagus (Cooked) 2.5 
 
 Asparagus in Cream 2.8 
 
 Aspiaragus L/oiaf 4.3 
 
 Asparagus on Rice Biscuit .. 3.5 
 Asparagus on Toast 5.5 
 
 146.4 
 
 20.2 
 
 191.1 
 
 .52 
 
 7 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 1/2 
 
 152.8 
 
 21.4 
 
 200.2 
 
 .5 
 
 23 
 
 133 
 
 19 
 
 1% 
 
 65.5 
 
 9 
 
 85.8 
 
 1.16 
 
 19 
 
 115 
 
 16 
 
 11-2 
 
 152.8 
 
 21.4 
 
 200.2 
 
 .5 
 
 39 
 
 229.2 
 
 31. G 
 
 ^ 
 
 7.15 
 
 91.3 
 
 101.2 
 
 5.5 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 91 
 
 1 
 
 5.2 
 
 32.1 
 
 38.2 
 
 2.6 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 189 
 
 21/4 
 
 1.3 
 
 28.4 
 
 30.3 
 
 3.3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 35.7 
 
 37.5 
 
 2.66 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 143 
 
 iy2 
 
 1.6 
 
 37.7 
 
 40.9 
 
 2.4 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 230 
 
 21/, 
 
 1.3 
 
 28.4 
 
 30.3 
 
 3.25 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 .88 
 
 18.36 
 
 19.59 
 
 5.1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 46 
 
 % 
 
 7.1 
 
 88.6 
 
 98.8 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 225 
 
 21/2 
 
 7.15 
 
 91.3 
 
 101.2 
 
 .98 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 91 
 
 1 
 
 44.2 
 
 43.52 
 
 96.3 
 
 1.03 
 
 13 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 1V> 
 
 1.3 
 
 45.99 
 
 47.79 
 
 2.1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 120 
 
 11/4 
 
 .98 
 
 38.36 
 
 40.97 
 
 2.45 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 117 
 
 11/4 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 5.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 1.3 
 
 34.9 
 
 35.9 
 
 2.8 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 95 
 
 1 
 
 .8 
 
 20.65 
 
 21.78 
 
 4.6 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 71 
 
 % 
 
 .18 
 
 8.7 
 
 9.6 
 
 11.1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 48 
 
 % 
 
 .66 
 
 36 
 
 39.3 
 
 2.7 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 97 
 
 1 
 
 11.19 
 
 41.7 
 
 57.6 
 
 1.7 
 
 14 
 
 33 
 
 128 
 
 1% 
 
 1 
 
 13.9 
 
 22.4 
 
 4.4 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 70 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 15.6 
 
 16.9 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 1/2 
 
 12.38 
 
 19.95 
 
 35.16 
 
 2.77 
 
 15 
 
 60 
 
 100 
 
 1% 
 
 .33 
 
 14.6 
 
 16.5 
 
 6.6 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 44 
 
 1/2 
 
 
 
 20.5 
 
 21.7 
 
 4.6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 % 
 
 26.8 
 
 24 
 
 54.1 
 
 1.8 
 
 20 
 
 161 
 
 144 
 
 31/4 
 
 8.8 
 
 2.6 
 
 13.9 
 
 7.1 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 5 
 
 V4. 
 
 17 
 
 4.9 
 
 24.7 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 51 
 
 15 
 
 % 
 
 26.3 
 
 7.6 
 
 38.3 
 
 3.42 
 
 14 
 
 86 
 
 25 
 
 1% 
 
 8.7 
 
 20.9 
 
 3.3 
 
 1.333 7 
 
 19 
 
 49 
 
 % 
 
 26.9 
 
 18.5 
 
 50.9 
 
 1.9 
 
 21 
 
 105 
 
 74 
 
 2 
 
 210 
 
TI-IE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Calories Per Ounce §__; Calories Served 
 
 3 Banana Cream 1.48 
 
 4 Banana Dessert 2.1 
 
 2 ^ Banana Fritters 6 
 
 31/2 Banana Mold 64 
 
 11/4 Banana Avith Mayonnaise .... 3.4 
 
 3 Banana Snow 1.8 
 
 31/0 Bananas - 1.5 
 
 21/2 Bananas, Baked 3.2 
 
 5 Barley, with Dates 1.37 
 
 6 Barley Gruel 1.5 
 
 3y> Barley, Pearl 2.97 
 
 43/4 Bean'Brot'h 4.3 
 
 4% Bean Broth (very thin) 2.8 
 
 3 Bean Croquettes 8.74 
 
 3% Beans, Baked 10. 
 
 31/4 Beans, Baked (canned) 8 
 
 4 Bean, Butter 5.48 
 
 3 1/2 Beans, Baked Lima :... 5 
 
 214 Beans, Dried Lima 9.49 
 
 21/4 Beans, Green Lima 4.7 
 
 3 Beans, Hulless 8.3 
 
 31/4 Beans, Kidney 8.2 
 
 2 § Beans, Marbled Roast 9.7 
 
 2% Beans, Navy (cooked) - 8.9 
 
 31/4 Beans, String, Avith Butter.... 8.2 
 
 3 Beans, String, A\dth Cream .. 2.34 
 
 4 Beans, Wax 1.2 
 
 21/4 Bechamel Sauce 3.02 
 
 2% Beets - 2.7 
 
 3 Beet Greens 2.6 
 
 4 t Beets in Asijie with Mayon- 
 
 naise 3.1 
 
 2 Beets, Buttered 2.61 
 
 21/4 Beets, Chopped 2.7 
 
 214 Beets, Sliced - 2.7 
 
 3 Beets, Italian 1.83 
 
 114 Biscuit, Beaten 8.4 
 
 2 Biscuit, Bran-graham 1.5 
 
 2 \ Biscuit, Cream 10.3 
 
 1 Biscuit, Gluten 48.5 
 
 % Biscuit, Good Health (2) 5.8 
 
 % Biscuit, Granose 14.1 
 
 1 Biscuit, Potato Gluten 96.8 
 
 1 Biscuit, Rice 8.5 
 
 1 Biscuit, Shredded Wheat 12 
 
 % Biscuit, Taro Gluten 47.8 
 
 3 Blackberries 1.5 
 
 5% Blackberry Juice 
 
 3 Blackberry Sauce 8 
 
 31/^ Blanc Mange, Chocolate 3.4 
 
 3 Blanc Mange, Cocoanut 3.8 
 
 21/^ Blanc Mange, Farina 4.16 
 
 5 Blood Oranges 9 
 
 21/4 Blueberi'ies .' 7 
 
 51/4 Blueberry Juice 
 
 4% Blueberry Sauce 7 
 
 4% Bouillon,' Tomato 3.62 
 
 4% Bouillon, Vegetable 7 
 
 1/2 Brazil Nuts 19.8 
 
 10.82 
 
 33.72 
 
 46.02 
 
 2.17 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 
 110 
 
 IV2 
 
 7.4 
 
 23.4 
 
 32.9 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 90 
 
 11/4 
 
 27.3 
 
 40.6 
 
 73.93 
 
 1.14 
 
 14 
 
 65 
 
 96 
 
 1% 
 
 .68 
 
 28.4 
 
 29.76 
 
 3.3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 18.3 
 
 26.4 
 
 48.1 
 
 2.6 
 
 3 
 
 19 
 
 28 
 
 % 
 
 .4 
 
 25.4 
 
 27.6 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 70 
 
 % 
 
 1.6 
 
 25.7 
 
 28.8 
 
 3.47 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 89 
 
 1 
 
 4.73 
 
 32.37 
 
 40.3 
 
 2.5 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 81 
 
 1 
 
 1.99 
 
 28.74 
 
 32.1 
 
 3.11 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 138 
 
 1% 
 
 .7 
 
 10.2 
 
 12.4 
 
 8.1 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 62 
 
 % 
 
 .87 
 
 27.24 
 
 31.08 
 
 3.2 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 88 
 
 1 
 
 3.2 
 
 11.6 
 
 19.1 
 
 5.2 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 62 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 .5 
 
 3.3 
 
 30.2 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 11.78 
 
 33.2 
 
 53.72 
 
 1.86 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 100 
 
 11/2 
 
 12.5 
 
 33.5 
 
 56 
 
 1.7 
 
 32 
 
 38 
 
 10.5 
 
 1% 
 
 6.6 
 
 22.9 
 
 37.5 
 
 2.6 
 
 27 
 
 22 
 
 76 
 
 iy4 
 
 .8 
 
 17 
 
 23.28 
 
 4.2 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 54 
 
 % 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 31 
 
 3.22 
 
 17 
 
 35 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 1.8 
 
 34.6 
 
 45.9 
 
 2.16 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 76 
 
 1 
 
 .8 
 
 17 
 
 22.5 
 
 4.4 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 38 
 
 1/7 
 
 .7 
 
 23.7 
 
 32.7 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 72 
 
 1 
 
 .5 
 
 21.6 
 
 30.3 
 
 3.3 
 
 27 
 
 1 
 
 72 
 
 1 
 
 2.4 
 
 26.5 
 
 38.6 
 
 2.6 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 1.47 
 
 21.38 
 
 30.96 
 
 3.2 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 52 
 
 % 
 
 .5 
 
 2L6 
 
 30.3 
 
 3.3 
 
 27 
 
 1 
 
 72 
 
 1 
 
 20.35 
 
 3.15 
 
 25.84 
 
 3.48 
 
 7 
 
 60 
 
 8 
 
 % 
 
 .3 
 
 3.6 
 
 5.1 
 
 19.6 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 % 
 
 22.4 
 
 7.8 
 
 33.2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 51 
 
 17 
 
 % 
 
 .3 
 
 8.6 
 
 11.6 
 
 8.6 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 y^ 
 
 9.1 
 
 3.7 
 
 15.4 
 
 6.5 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 12 
 
 1/2 
 
 10.5 
 
 3.2 
 
 16.8 
 
 5.9 
 
 14 
 
 46 
 
 15 
 
 % 
 
 13.61 
 
 8.9 
 
 24.3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 17 
 
 1/2 
 
 .3 
 
 8.6 
 
 11.6 
 
 8.6 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 1/4 
 
 3. 
 
 8.6 
 
 11.6 
 
 8.6 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 y* 
 
 17.6 
 
 12.45 
 
 31.8 
 
 3.4 
 
 6 
 
 55 
 
 39 
 
 1 
 
 47.3 
 
 79.2 
 
 134.9 
 
 .75 
 
 10 
 
 61 
 
 104 
 
 1% 
 
 21.4 
 
 17.5 
 
 44.6 
 
 2.3 
 
 15 
 
 46 
 
 39 
 
 1 
 
 27.5 
 
 49.6 
 
 87.5 
 
 1.1 
 
 24 
 
 64 
 
 112 
 
 2 
 
 2.8 
 
 56.1 
 
 107.4 
 
 .93 
 
 45 
 
 3 
 
 52 
 
 1 
 
 2.7 
 
 58.5 
 
 67 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 44 
 
 ¥2 
 
 1.9 
 
 83.6 
 
 99.6 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 64 
 
 % 
 
 16 
 
 22.1 
 
 135 
 
 1 
 
 72 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 .9 
 
 96.6 
 
 106 
 
 .94 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 92 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 85 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 85 
 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 68.8 
 
 148 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 16 
 
 35 
 
 % 
 
 2.6 
 
 12.7 
 
 16.8 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 38 
 
 y2 
 
 
 
 30.3 
 
 30.3 
 
 3.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 174.2 
 
 1% 
 
 3.3 
 
 29.1 
 
 33.3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 88 
 
 1 
 
 22.86 
 
 16.25 
 
 42.52 
 
 2.35 
 
 12 
 
 81 
 
 57 
 
 iy2 
 
 36.4 
 
 17.3 
 
 57.5 
 
 1.74 
 
 11 
 
 111 
 
 53 
 
 1% 
 
 21.56 
 
 18.6 
 
 44.4 
 
 2.26 
 
 13 
 
 73 
 
 64 
 
 1% 
 
 .5 
 
 13.5 
 
 14.9 
 
 6.7 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 69 
 
 % 
 
 1.6 
 
 19.4 
 
 21.7 
 
 4.6 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 45 
 
 y 
 
 
 
 18.9 
 
 1S.9 
 
 5.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 99.2 
 
 1 
 
 1.6 
 
 14.9 
 
 17.2 
 
 5.8 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 65 
 
 % 
 
 7.98 
 
 4.77 
 
 16.37 
 
 6.1 
 
 17 
 
 36 
 
 22 
 
 % 
 
 4.3 
 
 7 
 
 18.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 29 
 
 18 
 
 28 
 
 % 
 
 L78.1 
 
 8.2 
 
 206.1 
 
 .48 
 
 9 
 
 87 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 211 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 d ^ a; 
 
 ;3 O m 
 
 Calories Per Ounce 
 
 
 Calories 
 
 Served 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 "3 
 
 o 
 
 a a 
 
 'S 
 o 
 
 Cm 
 
 c3 
 
 -d Si 
 
 o 
 
 .2 > 
 
 o <" 
 
 2.4 
 
 51.2 
 
 60.3 
 
 1.6 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 149 
 
 1% 
 
 46.08 
 
 67.24 
 
 122.07 
 
 .81 
 
 23 
 
 133 
 
 194 
 
 31/2 
 
 12.3 
 
 52 
 
 72.8 
 
 1.3 
 
 17 
 
 25 
 
 108 
 
 11/2 
 
 4.7 
 
 63.4 
 
 78.5 
 
 1.27 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 122 
 
 11/2 
 
 3.7 
 
 58.1 
 
 72.6 
 
 1.4 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 115 
 
 iy2 
 
 4.8 
 
 60.8 
 
 76 
 
 1.3 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 121 
 
 11/2 
 
 1.6 
 
 62.1 
 
 74.2 
 
 1.3 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 126 
 
 11/2 
 
 3.7 
 
 63.4 
 
 76.4 
 
 1.3 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 125 
 
 11/2 
 
 2.4 
 
 58 
 
 71.7 
 
 1.4 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 122 
 
 11/2 
 
 6.38 
 
 16.23 
 
 30.5 
 
 3.27 
 
 25 
 
 23 
 
 52 
 
 1 
 
 60.1 
 
 50 
 
 134 
 
 .8 
 
 13 
 
 34 
 
 28 
 
 % 
 
 53.3 
 
 64.8 
 
 134 
 
 .8 
 
 9 
 
 30 
 
 36 
 
 % 
 
 3.16 
 
 11.58 
 
 19.13 
 
 5.2 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 62 
 
 1 
 
 3.3 
 
 4.7 
 
 11.7 
 
 8.5 
 
 16 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 V2 
 
 .9 
 
 2.9 
 
 7 
 
 14.2 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 VAt 
 
 
 
 .5 
 
 3.3 
 
 30.3 
 
 13.3 
 
 
 
 2.4 
 
 i 
 
 9.4 
 
 47 
 
 58.5 
 
 1.7 
 
 7 
 
 31 
 
 162 
 
 2 
 
 30.7 
 
 3.9 
 
 36.1 
 
 2.76 
 
 3 
 
 64 
 
 8 
 
 % 
 
 32.65 
 
 13 
 
 53 
 
 1.88 
 
 18 
 
 76 
 
 31 
 
 1% 
 
 17.3 
 
 66.8 
 
 91.4 
 
 1.1 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 91 
 
 IV4. 
 
 19.2 
 
 69.2 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 23 
 
 89 
 
 m 
 
 20.2 
 
 68.2 
 
 96.3 
 
 1.03 
 
 10 
 
 26 
 
 89 
 
 1V4. 
 
 16.3 
 
 60.4 
 
 90 
 
 1.1 
 
 18 
 
 22 
 
 85 
 
 ly* 
 
 198 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 .2 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1.3 
 
 5.6 
 
 10.4 
 
 9.6 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 40 
 
 % 
 
 10.26 
 
 4.1 
 
 18.56 
 
 5.3 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 
 12 
 
 1/2 
 
 2.38 
 
 3.39 
 
 6.95 
 
 14.4 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 V4 
 
 6.1 
 
 1.9 
 
 5.7 
 
 4.3 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 1/4 
 
 8.1 
 
 3.7 
 
 13.3 
 
 7.5 
 
 5 
 
 31 
 
 14 
 
 1/2 
 
 15.5 
 
 9.3 
 
 27.3 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 42 
 
 25 
 
 % 
 
 3 
 
 1.9 
 
 5.7 
 
 17.5 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 V4: 
 
 40.9 
 
 66.8 
 
 114.6 
 
 .87 
 
 15 
 
 80 
 
 130 
 
 21/4 
 
 28.5 
 
 88.6 
 
 138.13 
 
 .72 
 
 42 
 
 57 
 
 176 
 
 2% 
 
 
 
 94.8 
 
 100.4 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 3.8 
 
 85.2 
 
 90 
 
 1.1 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 
 10.9 
 
 11.6 
 
 8.6 
 
 5 
 
 
 70 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 3.1 
 
 3.3 
 
 30.3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 A 
 
 11.4 
 
 23.6 
 
 40.2 
 
 2.4 
 
 16 
 
 36 
 
 73 
 
 11/4 
 
 7.5 
 
 10.3 
 
 19.8 
 
 5.05 
 
 7 
 
 29 
 
 39 
 
 % 
 
 14.48 
 
 9.39 
 
 24.9 
 
 4.3 
 
 4 
 
 58 
 
 38 
 
 1 
 
 17.28 
 
 10.9 
 
 29.5 
 
 3.38 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 28 
 
 % 
 
 125.7 
 
 28.24 
 
 182.81 
 
 .54 
 
 15 
 
 70 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 7.64 
 
 68.9 
 
 78-.5 
 
 1.2 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 66 
 
 % 
 
 31.4 
 
 6 
 
 41.6 
 
 2.6 
 
 13 
 
 94 
 
 18 
 
 iy4 
 
 30.5 
 
 3 
 
 34.7 
 
 2.88 
 
 2 
 
 90 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 15.7 
 
 6.4 
 
 24.1 
 
 3.8 
 
 7 
 
 48 
 
 20 
 
 % 
 
 3.9 
 
 3 
 
 7.9 
 
 12.6 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 y4 
 
 .3 
 
 3.9 
 
 5.5 
 
 18.1 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 ^ 
 
 11.9 
 
 4.6 
 
 18.5 
 
 4.2 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 19 
 
 % 
 
 9.9 
 
 9.8 
 
 23 
 
 4.8 
 
 12 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 % 
 
 6.87 
 
 3.92 
 
 11.83 
 
 8.5 
 
 5 
 
 29 
 
 16 
 
 V2 
 
 29.8 
 
 22.7 
 
 61.9 
 
 1.6 
 
 23 
 
 73 
 
 54 
 
 iy2 
 
 12.4 
 
 5.1 
 
 37.3 
 
 2.6 
 
 40 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 % 
 
 64.5 
 
 9.1 
 
 85.6 
 
 1.1 
 
 21 
 
 113 
 
 16 
 
 iy2 
 
 82.8 
 
 3.9 
 
 106.9 
 
 .9 
 
 10 
 
 38 
 
 2 
 
 V2 
 
 2.2 
 
 19.5 
 
 22.8 
 
 4.4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 42 
 
 V2 
 
 2.2 
 
 19.5 
 
 22.8 
 
 4.4 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 63 
 
 % 
 
 2 
 
 29.4 
 
 32.6 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 90 
 
 1 
 
 3 Bread, Boston Brown 6.5 
 
 3 Bread Onstard Pudding 8.75 
 
 2 Bread, Corn - 8.5 
 
 2 Bread, Fruit - - 10.4 
 
 2 Bread, Gluten 10.8 
 
 2 Bread, G-rabam 10.4 
 
 2 Bread, Eye 10.5 
 
 2 Bread, White 9.3 
 
 2 Bread, Whole Wheat 11.3 
 
 1 Breakfast Pickup 7.91 
 
 3-5 Bromose, Nut 23 
 
 3-5 Bromose, Fig 15.7 
 
 4% Broth, Bean 4.39 
 
 4% Broth (Moek Chicken) 3.7 
 
 4% Broth, Protose 3.2 
 
 4% Broth (Vegetable) 2.8 
 
 31/2 Brown Betty 2.1 
 
 2% Brown Gravy 1.5 
 
 214 Browned Cream Gravy 7.4 
 
 114 Buns - 7.3 
 
 11/4 Buns, Cinnamon 10.9 
 
 lYi Buns, Fruit 7.9 
 
 1 i Buns (Nut) 13.3 
 
 V2 Butter (Dairy) 2 
 
 6 Buttermilk 3.5 
 
 3 Cabbage, Baked - 4.2 
 
 3y2 Cabbage, Baked in Tomato .. 1.18 
 
 4 Cabbage, Boiled 8 
 
 3% Cabbage, Creamed 1.5 
 
 3 Cabbage, Escalloped 2.75 
 
 4 Cabbage, Steamed 8 
 
 2 Cake, Coffee 7.6 
 
 2 Cake, Eice Griddle 21 
 
 1 Candy (Malt Honey Car- 
 amels) 5.6 
 
 1 Candy (Sanitas Ohocolates).. 1 
 
 6f Canteloupe 7 
 
 4 Caramel Cereal 2 
 
 3 Caramel Custard 5.22 
 
 3% Carrots, Creamed 2.01 
 
 3 CaiTots, Italian 1.07 
 
 3 Carrots, Mashed .- 1.38 
 
 ya Cashew Nuts 28.87 
 
 1 Catsup, Grape 2.66 
 
 3 CauUfiower au Gratin 4.2 
 
 3 CauKflower, Buttered 1.2 
 
 3 Cauliflower, Creamed 2.5 
 
 3 Cauliflower, Steamed 1 
 
 1 Celery 1.3 
 
 41/4 Celery, Creamed - 1.9 
 
 3% Celery and Peas 3.3 
 
 414 Celery, Stewed - 1 
 
 2% Cereal Eoast - 9.4 
 
 2 Cheese, Cottage 19.9 
 
 1% Cheese Croquettes 12 
 
 % Cheese, Yogurt 20.3 
 
 2% Cherries 1.2 
 
 31/4 Cherries, White 1.2 
 
 3 Cherry Sauce 1.2 
 
 212 
 
TPIE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 3 O M 
 
 o 
 
 Calories Per Ounce 
 
 >i 09 
 
 o m 
 
 « CO c 
 
 Calories Served 
 
 .2 > 
 
 27.97 49.16 
 
 21.4 47.3 
 
 24.3 60.4 
 
 16.2 60.1 
 
 2.6 28.26 
 
 4 Cherry Pie 7.83 
 
 21/^ Chestnut Roast 9.94 
 
 2% Chestnuts, Creamed 9.49 
 
 2% Chestnuts and Tomiato Sauce 9.2 
 1% Chili Sauce 4.91 
 
 5 Cocoa, Sanitas Health (with- 
 
 out sugar) 2.6 17.7 
 
 2 Cocoanuts 6.6 134.9 
 
 21/^ Cornlet 3.7 2^9 
 
 3 Cornlet au Gi'atin 4.16 21.5 
 
 3 Corn, Baked 8.5 22.12 
 
 3 Corn Cake 13.9 28.8 
 
 3 Corn, Creamed 3.8 6 
 
 % Corn Flakes 10.8 1.4 
 
 2% Corn, Green Sweet (Cooked) 3.6 2.9 
 
 414 Corn, Hulled 2.6 .5 
 
 2 Corn Pone 8 32.1 
 
 21/^ Corn Pulp 3.7 2.9 
 
 2% Corn Roast 7.5 21.31 
 
 2 Cottage Cheese 19.87 12.4 
 
 1 Crackers, Fruit : 13.2 27.2 
 
 1 Crackers, Graham 11. 7 25.1 
 
 1' Ci-ackers, Oatmeal 13.3 29.6 
 
 1 Crackers, Whole Wheat 11.4 26 
 
 3 Cranberries (Cooked) 2 .7 
 
 2 Cranberry Jelly 4 i 
 
 2% Cream 2.9 49.3 
 
 2 Cream Molds 14.4 24.5 
 
 1 Cream Sticks 10.9 9.9 
 
 21/4 Cream Sauce 3.7 22.9 
 
 314 Cream of Wheat 1.7 A 
 
 6 Cream Yogurt Whey 1.4 8.8 
 
 % Crisps, Cocoanut .."-. 9.3 52 
 
 21/^ Crust, Shortcake 94 12.6 
 
 5 Crust, Single Pie 26.7 44.9 
 
 2 Cucumbers 9 .5 
 
 3 Cucumber Jelly .5 .3 
 
 3% Cucumber, Stuffed 1.68 7.5 
 
 3 Currents, Red 1.8 
 
 1 (Jurrant Jelly 1.2 
 
 3 Custard, Bread Pudding 8.75 46.08 
 
 3 Custard, Caramel 5.2 11.4 
 
 4% Custard, Plain 5.6 13 
 
 2% Custard, Tapioca 4.5 17.6 
 
 3 Cutlets, Macaroni 13.82 28.49 
 
 214 Cutlets, Nut 22.95 23.3 
 
 2% Cutlets, Nuttolene 16.27 32.66 
 
 2 Cutlets, Protose 21.5 19.4 
 
 3 Dandelion Greens (Cooked).. 2.8 2.7 
 
 4 Dasheen 7.3 .15 
 
 4% Dasheen, Escalloped 5.55 14.07 
 
 3% Dasheen Shoots with Vege- 
 table Sauce 5.28 
 
 31/2 Dasheen Shoots, Creamed 6.1 34.26 7.52 
 
 2 Date Marmalade 1.75 14.5 62.6 
 
 5% Date Pumpkin Pie 7 24.1 26 
 
 1% Dates 2.5 7.5 91.5 
 
 2 Dates Stuffed 4.6 27.7 82.4 
 
 84.96 
 
 78.6 
 
 94.3 
 
 85.5 
 
 35.8 
 
 4.24 
 32.5 
 23.2 
 22.9 
 20.8 
 52.8 
 16.8 
 91.3 
 22 
 20.7 
 68.3 
 23.2 
 24.15 
 
 5.1 
 72.6 
 86.1 
 80.5 
 84.5 
 47.8 
 49.7 
 5.3 
 83.5 
 
 89 
 9 
 
 12.1 
 5.7 
 
 64 
 2.7 
 
 42.2 
 3.6 
 3 
 
 10.2 
 
 14.9 
 
 90.1 
 
 67.24 
 
 23.6 
 
 10.4 
 
 26.4 
 
 32.35 
 
 15.26 
 
 13.58 
 
 17.3 
 
 12.5 
 
 73.5 
 
 39.71 
 
 24.6 
 174 
 29.8 
 48.6 
 51.4 
 95.6 
 26.6 
 
 103.5 
 28.5 
 23.8 
 
 108.4 
 29.8 
 52.96 
 37.36 
 
 113.1 
 
 122.9 
 
 123.8 
 
 121.9 
 48.7 
 51.1 
 57.5 
 
 117.4 
 
 100 
 35.6 
 14.2 
 16 
 
 125.4 
 
 16.24 
 113.8 
 5 
 3.8 
 
 20.4 
 16.7 
 
 91.3 
 122.07 
 
 40.2 
 
 29.13 
 
 48.3 
 
 74.6 
 
 61.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 61.2 
 
 18 
 
 80.9 
 
 59.33 
 
 1.2 
 1.27 
 1.1 
 1.2 
 
 2.7 
 
 4.1 
 
 .6 
 3.3 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 3.7 
 
 .97 
 3.5 
 4.2 
 
 .92 
 3.3 
 1.8 
 2.6 
 
 .9 
 
 2.1 
 1.9 
 1.7 
 
 30 
 26 
 
 27 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 13, 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 25 
 
 42 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 22 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .8 27 
 
 .99 
 
 2.8 
 
 7 
 
 6.2 
 
 5 5 
 
 .87 117 
 
 20 2 
 
 26.3 1 
 
 4.89 6 
 
 6 
 
 1.09 
 .81 
 
 2.4 
 
 5 
 
 2.1 
 
 1.3 
 
 1.6 
 
 1.6 
 
 1.6 
 
 5.5 
 
 1.2 
 
 1.7 
 
 5 
 1 
 23 
 16 
 23 
 12 
 41 
 56 
 40 
 50 
 8 
 13 
 25 
 
 18.24 5.84 29.96 3.5 15 
 
 47.95 
 
 78.9 
 
 57.1 
 
 101.5 
 
 114.7 
 
 2 25 
 
 1.3 3 
 
 1.75 36 
 
 1 3 
 
 .87 9 
 
 100 
 
 54 
 
 65 
 
 50 
 
 3 
 
 89 
 2 269.; 
 7 
 66 
 64 
 90 
 17 
 1 
 7 
 2 
 59 
 7 
 60 
 25 
 22 
 25 
 30 
 27 
 2 
 2 
 107 
 53 
 1 
 50 
 2 
 55 
 ! 41 
 35 
 197 
 1 
 
 31 
 
 
 133 
 36 
 
 57 
 45 
 86 
 57 
 80 
 40 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 75 
 
 65 
 120 
 
 28 
 126 
 
 12 
 
 54 
 
 195 
 120 
 158 
 170 
 40 
 
 23 
 65 
 59 
 71 
 61 
 
 168 
 47 
 67 
 58 
 87 
 
 130 
 59 
 68 
 10 
 66 
 88 
 81 
 86 
 
 147 
 97 
 12 
 
 195 
 44 
 18 
 
 42 
 
 36 
 
 51 
 
 10 
 
 186 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 38 
 
 45 
 
 99 
 194 
 
 73 
 
 45 
 
 68 
 
 98 
 
 37 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 34 
 136 
 150 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 119 
 138 
 160 
 162 
 
 31/4 
 2 
 
 21/2 
 21/2 
 
 11/4 
 
 3y2 
 % 
 
 11/2 
 
 3 
 % 
 % 
 % 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 % 
 
 11/2 
 % 
 
 1 
 
 1% 
 11/4 
 11/4 
 11/2 
 1 
 
 11/4 
 2% 
 1/2 
 % 
 1/2 
 1 
 1 
 1/2 
 5 
 
 ^^ 
 1 
 
 TIF 
 
 % 
 
 1/2 
 1 
 31/0 
 
 iy4 
 11/4 
 11/4 
 21/4 
 11/2 
 11/0 
 
 11/4 
 
 1/2 
 
 11/2 
 
 21/2 
 
 1 
 
 1% 
 11/2 
 3 
 1% 
 
 21/4 
 
 213 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 fj fH O 
 
 d o « 
 O 
 
 Calorie 
 
 s Per ( 
 
 3unce 
 
 .-pTi 
 
 Calories 
 
 Served 
 
 
 
 >, to 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 to ftO 
 
 " <a i-i 
 
 ^ a 
 
 "3 
 p 
 
 
 
 .2 > 
 
 P4 
 
 7.1 ■ 
 
 88.6 
 
 98.8 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 225 
 
 2% 
 
 1.3 
 
 45.9 
 
 47.7 
 
 2.1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 120 
 
 iy+ 
 
 .98 
 
 38.3 
 
 40.9 
 
 2.45 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 117 
 
 1V4 
 
 1.3 
 
 34.9 
 
 35.89 
 
 2.8 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 95 
 
 1 
 
 11.19 
 
 41.7 
 
 57.6 
 
 1.7 
 
 14 
 
 33 
 
 128 
 
 1% 
 
 1 
 
 13.9 
 
 22.4 
 
 4.4 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 70 
 
 1 
 
 .33 
 
 14.6 
 
 16.5 
 
 6.6 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 44 
 
 v> 
 
 7.4 
 
 23.4 
 
 32.6 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 90 
 
 1V4 
 
 .68 
 
 28.4 
 
 29.76 
 
 3.3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 93 
 
 1 
 
 A 
 
 25.4 
 
 27.6 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 70 
 
 % 
 
 32.37 
 
 79.93 
 
 117.60 
 
 .8 
 
 15 
 
 110, 
 
 275 
 
 4 
 
 27.65 
 
 63.70 
 
 98.59 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 56 
 
 130 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 76.3 
 
 109.9 
 
 9.9 
 
 13 
 
 47 
 
 240 
 
 3 
 
 34.6 
 
 83.2 
 
 127.1 
 
 .76 
 
 18 
 
 68 
 
 164 
 
 21A 
 
 24 
 
 74.9 
 
 105.7 
 
 .9 
 
 13.6 
 
 48 
 
 149.8 
 
 2t^it 
 
 9.4 
 
 85.2 
 
 100.4 
 
 1 
 
 17.4 
 
 28.2 
 
 255.6 
 
 3 
 
 45.9 
 
 76.5 
 
 130.6 
 
 .7 
 
 20 
 
 115 
 
 190 
 
 31/4 
 
 3.9 : 
 
 120.4 
 
 131.1 
 
 7.6 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 300 
 
 3% 
 
 30.4 
 
 59.4 
 
 95.7 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 71 
 
 144 
 
 2% 
 
 35.2 
 
 67.1 
 
 111.4 
 
 .9 
 
 18 
 
 71 
 
 136 
 
 2V4 
 
 58.8 
 
 56 
 
 128.5 
 
 .7 
 
 24 
 
 103 
 
 98 
 
 21/+ 
 
 27.1 
 
 65.6 
 
 97.1 
 
 .1 
 
 4 
 
 35 
 
 86 
 
 11/4 
 
 15.6 
 
 66.9 
 
 91 
 
 1.09 
 
 13 
 
 26 
 
 111 
 
 IV. 
 
 28.91 
 
 75.91 
 
 112.24 
 
 .8 
 
 15 
 
 58 
 
 152 
 
 21/4 
 
 23.9 
 
 175.9 
 
 216.8 
 
 .4 
 
 22 
 
 100 
 
 228 
 
 3i/> 
 
 14.2 
 
 94.2 
 
 120.8 
 
 .8 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 157 
 
 2 
 
 55.52 
 
 90.13 
 
 156.2 
 
 .64 
 
 20 
 
 107 
 
 173 
 
 3 
 
 45.8 
 
 59.5 
 
 115.5 
 
 .86 
 
 19 
 
 90 
 
 116 
 
 21/4 
 
 .31 
 
 26.5 
 
 29.1 
 
 3.4 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 69 
 
 % 
 
 25.77 
 
 43.77 
 
 74.1 
 
 1.3 
 
 11 
 
 61 
 
 103 
 
 1% 
 
 22.4 
 
 65.9 
 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 46 
 
 138 
 
 2 
 
 39 
 
 39.3 
 
 85 
 
 .1 
 
 16 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 1% 
 
 31 
 
 35.5 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 62 
 
 71 
 
 3 
 
 1% 
 
 43.6 
 
 30.3 
 
 83.2 
 
 1.2 
 
 28 
 
 131 
 
 91 
 
 2% 
 
 14 9 
 
 10.1 
 
 43.5 
 
 2.2 
 
 63 
 
 52 
 
 35 
 
 iv-> 
 
 25.3 
 
 12.3 
 
 43.2 
 
 2.3 
 
 17 
 
 71 
 
 37 
 
 IV4 
 
 22.1 
 
 18.1 
 
 45.6 
 
 2.2 
 
 18 
 
 72 
 
 60 
 
 liA 
 
 17.57 
 
 26.44 
 
 48.3 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 45 
 
 68 
 
 IV4 
 
 12.23 
 
 20.9 
 
 36 
 
 2.9 
 
 6 
 
 35 
 
 59 
 
 1 
 
 .88 
 
 29.45 
 
 30.7 
 
 3.2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 97 
 
 1 
 
 9.4 
 
 23.3 
 
 36.4 
 
 2.74 
 
 10 
 
 27 
 
 63 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 23.4 
 
 24.12 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 31.48 
 
 24.6 
 
 28.12 
 
 3.5 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 85 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 15.14 
 
 15.14 
 
 .6 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 lA 
 
 
 
 11.5 
 
 11.5 
 
 8.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 y-. 
 
 12.67 
 
 67.8 
 
 134.5 
 
 .7 '. 
 
 134 
 
 29 
 
 162 
 
 31/4 
 
 
 
 6.6 
 
 6.6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 v. 
 
 125.7 
 
 28.2 
 
 182 
 
 .54 
 
 15 
 
 70 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 5.6 
 
 44 
 
 55.4 
 
 .1 
 
 13 
 
 132 
 
 105 
 
 2% 
 
 . 9.7 
 
 1.2 
 
 12.4 
 
 .8 
 
 6 
 
 39 
 
 5 
 
 % 
 
 .06 
 
 25.79 
 
 27.63 
 
 3.61 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 69 
 
 % 
 
 55.9 
 
 65.4 
 
 129.4 
 
 .7 
 
 14 
 
 86 
 
 100 
 
 2 
 
 21.68 
 
 39.34 
 
 65.35 
 
 1.5 
 
 13 
 
 66 
 
 121 
 
 2 
 
 4.26 
 
 27.2 
 
 32.14 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 124 
 
 11/7 
 
 7.2 
 
 91.34 
 
 101.2 
 
 .9 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 273 
 
 3 
 
 12.6 
 
 31.1 
 
 47.4 
 
 2.1 
 
 15 
 
 53 
 
 132 
 
 2 
 
 2.5 
 
 37.2 
 
 41.4 
 
 .2 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 150 
 
 1% 
 
 DESSEETkS— 
 
 2% Apple and Date Fluff 3 
 
 214 Apple, Grape .-.- 5 
 
 3 Apple and Jelly 1.63 
 
 2% Apple Lemon 5 
 
 314 Apple Tai-t .- 4.76 
 
 414 Apple Whip or Snow — . 5.5 
 
 3 ' Apricot Fluff 1.6 
 
 4 Banana Dessert 2.1 
 
 31/2 Banana Mold 64 
 
 3 Banana Snow 1.8 
 
 31/2 Cake, Apple Sauce 5.33 
 
 2 Oake, Cream 7.22 
 
 2 Cake, Cinnamon 7.6 
 
 2 Cake, Delicate 9.2 
 
 2 Cake, Frosted 6.8 
 
 3 Cake, Jelly Roll ....: 5.8 
 
 21/2 Cake, Layer 8.2 
 
 2% Cake, Leather 6.8 
 
 2% Cake, Light Fruit 5.8 
 
 2 - Cake, Nut 9.1 
 
 1% Cake, Nut Sponge 13.7 
 
 1 § Cake, Molasses 4.3 
 
 1 f Cage, Orange 7.8 
 
 2 Cake, One Egg 7.42 
 
 314 Cake, Rocksberry 7.9 
 
 11/2 Cake, Sponge 12.4 
 
 2 Oake, Wihite 10.58 
 
 2 Cake, Whole 9.9 
 
 3 Compote of Fruit with Rice... 2.27 
 % Cookies 4.65 
 
 2 Cookies, Molasses 7.7 
 
 2 Cracker Crusit 6.6 
 
 3 Cream, Lemon 8.5 
 
 3 Cream Puffs 9.3 
 
 314 Custiard Cheese 18.5 
 
 3 Custard Cocoanut 5.6 
 
 314 Custard, Cup 5.4 
 
 2% Custard, Tiapioea 4.53 
 
 3 Date Surprise 3 
 
 3% Frozen Peaches 27 
 
 3 Indian Trifle 3.64 
 
 4 Jellied Apricot .63 
 
 31/0 Jellied Peach 58 
 
 3 S Jelly, Cider 
 
 4 Jelly, Red Raspberry 
 
 2% Jelly Roll 54.7 
 
 3 Jelley, Strawberry 
 
 ■ % Nuts, Cashew 28.8 
 
 1 Nuts and Raisins 5.8 
 
 1/4 Nuts, Pistachio 1.5 
 
 3 Orange Fluff 1.77 
 
 1% Parisian Sweets ■. 8.1 
 
 3 Peach Co^bbler 4.33 
 
 414 Pears, Baked 68 
 
 3 Pie, Apple and Date 2.6 
 
 41^4 Pie, Banana, Raw 3.7 
 
 4 Pie, Banana and Raisin, raw 1.5 
 4 1 Pie, Pineapple 6.08 11.4 34.5 52 1.9 26 49 150 2% 
 
 214 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARHM 
 
 Calories Per Ounce =_. Calories Served 
 
 ;3 O 
 
 o 
 
 (S 
 
 o 
 
 'o 
 
 5°° 
 
 
 
 
 c "' 
 
 21.4 
 
 37.4 
 
 66.6 
 
 4.5 
 
 46 
 
 129 
 
 225 
 
 4 
 
 29.7 
 
 40.7 
 
 83.2 
 
 1.23 
 
 49 
 
 117 
 
 159 
 
 3y4 
 
 33.9 
 
 87.6 
 
 127.8 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 86 
 
 11/4 
 
 17.3 
 
 31 
 
 56.2 
 
 1.8 
 
 20 
 
 46 
 
 84 
 
 1% 
 
 10.6 
 
 59.9 
 
 75.7 
 
 1.3 
 
 15 
 
 29 
 
 156 
 
 2 
 
 29.09 
 
 36.3 
 
 69.6 
 
 1.4 
 
 12 
 
 73 
 
 90 
 
 1% 
 
 32.3 
 
 61 2 
 
 104.5 
 
 .9 
 
 13 
 
 64 
 
 123 
 
 2 
 
 .5 
 
 70 
 
 71.27 
 
 .69 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 223 
 
 2V4 
 
 8.7 
 
 23.7 
 
 33.3 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 .2 
 
 38.6 
 
 41.6 
 
 2.4 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 115 
 
 IV4 
 
 46.08 
 
 67.2 
 
 122.08 
 
 .81 
 
 23 
 
 133 
 
 194 
 
 31A 
 
 25.9 
 
 65.7 
 
 97.4 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 67 
 
 168 
 
 2V> 
 
 9.5 
 
 29.7 
 
 43.4 
 
 2.4 
 
 8 
 
 22 
 
 70 
 
 1 
 
 127.6 
 
 53.1 
 
 70.3 
 
 1.42 
 
 15 
 
 47 
 
 187 
 
 2 V',. 
 
 9.06 
 
 59.69 
 
 74.9 
 
 1.3 
 
 17 
 
 24 
 
 159 
 
 2 
 
 26.5 
 
 46.1 
 
 80.9 
 
 1.2 
 
 20 
 
 66 
 
 114 
 
 2 
 
 1.83 
 
 52.75 
 
 54.82 
 
 1.52 
 
 3 
 
 29 
 
 193 
 
 21/4 
 
 7.5 
 
 74.6 
 
 88.7 
 
 1.1 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 168 
 
 2 
 
 15.96 
 
 45.2 
 
 70.5 
 
 1.4 
 
 13 
 
 48 
 
 139 
 
 2 
 
 7.1 
 
 28.49 
 
 38.78 
 
 2.5 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 
 87 
 
 11/4 
 
 13.7 
 
 29.2 
 
 44 
 
 2.5 
 
 4 
 
 47 
 
 99 
 
 IV?. 
 
 5.9 
 
 30.9 
 
 39.3 
 
 2.5 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 79 
 
 1 
 
 23.1 
 
 32.2 
 
 63.7 
 
 1.57 
 
 26 
 
 72 
 
 102 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 80.2 
 
 91.5 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 153 
 
 1% 
 
 17.5 
 
 26.4 
 
 78.4 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 45 
 
 68 
 
 1V+ 
 
 23.11 
 
 63.19 
 
 90.4 
 
 1.10 
 
 13 
 
 71 
 
 191 
 
 2% 
 
 19 
 
 80.4 
 
 105.6 
 
 .9 
 
 17 
 
 54 
 
 229 
 
 3 
 
 36 
 
 58 
 
 101 
 
 .9 
 
 20 
 
 107 
 
 173 
 
 3 
 
 .6 
 
 17.6 
 
 18.8 
 
 5.2 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 67 
 
 % 
 
 6.4 
 
 36.5 
 
 45.2 
 
 2.3 
 
 7 
 
 23 
 
 145 
 
 1% 
 
 .3 
 
 32.4 
 
 35 
 
 2.8 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 68 
 
 % 
 
 3036.7 3036.7 
 
 .03 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 14.6 
 
 24.8 
 
 40.36 
 
 2.4 
 
 2 
 
 45 
 
 78 
 
 IV4 
 
 7.4 
 
 32.8 
 
 42.7 
 
 2.3 
 
 9 
 
 26 
 
 115 
 
 IV, 
 
 28.8 
 
 27.6 
 
 55.6 
 
 .17 
 
 5 
 
 132 
 
 138 
 
 2% 
 
 29.39 
 
 18.7 
 
 29.5 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 148 
 
 95 
 
 2V, 
 
 1.7 
 
 33.4 
 
 41.7 
 
 2.3 
 
 23 
 
 60 
 
 117 
 
 2 
 
 52 
 
 54 
 
 125.4 
 
 .8 
 
 8 
 
 41 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 
 11.8 
 
 28.6 
 
 42.2 
 
 2.3 
 
 10 
 
 41 
 
 99 
 
 IV 
 
 .5 
 
 7.5 
 
 13.5 
 
 7.4 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 V, 
 
 .4 
 
 17.5 
 
 18.2 
 
 15.4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 48 
 
 % 
 
 14.5 
 
 63 
 
 82.9 
 
 1.2 
 
 16 
 
 45 
 
 189 
 
 2V. 
 
 25.7 
 
 43.7 
 
 74.1 
 
 1.3 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 44 
 
 % 
 
 6.1 
 
 15.9 
 
 24.2 
 
 4.1 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 65 
 
 1 
 
 18.37 
 
 24.82 
 
 48.22 
 
 2.07 
 
 11 
 
 38 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 
 20.7 
 
 9.34 
 
 35.5 
 
 2.8 
 
 15 
 
 59 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 30.66 
 
 1.46 
 
 44.49 
 
 2.25 
 
 30 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 35.2 
 
 35.3 
 
 77.6 
 
 1.28 
 
 25 
 
 125 
 
 125 
 
 2% 
 
 28.3 
 
 33.5 
 
 68.4 
 
 1.46 
 
 19 
 
 81 
 
 100 
 
 2 
 
 22.7 
 
 8 
 
 35.5 
 
 2.82 
 
 10 
 
 47 
 
 18 
 
 % 
 
 56.8 
 
 1.1 
 
 68.5 
 
 1.8 
 
 43 
 
 128 
 
 4 
 
 1% 
 
 66.5 
 
 2.6 
 
 96.9 
 
 1 
 
 28 
 
 69 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 29.6 
 
 30.8 
 
 73.4 
 
 1.7 
 
 43 
 
 101 
 
 106 
 
 21/, 
 
 15.1 
 
 10.21 
 
 34.3 
 
 2.9 
 
 40 
 
 65 
 
 45 
 
 IVo 
 
 44.1 
 
 13.8 
 
 67.06 
 
 1.5 
 
 24 
 
 116 
 
 35 
 
 1% 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 48.3 
 
 2.1 
 
 29 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 48.3 
 
 2.1 
 
 29 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 22.5 
 
 35.5 
 
 75 
 
 1.3 
 
 34 
 
 45 
 
 71 
 
 IV, 
 
 17.6 
 
 38.8 
 
 70 
 
 1.4 
 
 34 
 
 44 
 
 97 
 
 1% 
 
 18.28 
 
 25.36 
 
 57.76 
 
 1.7 
 
 36 
 
 47 
 
 67 
 
 11/0 
 
 6 Pie, Sweet Potato 7.76 
 
 4 Pie, Vanilla Cream 12.7 
 
 3 Pineapple Oream Dessert 6.09 
 
 21/^ Pineapple Popovers 7.8 
 
 21/0 Pineapple Eoll 5.2 
 
 2Vi Pineapple Bread 4.6 
 
 2% Pineapple Sponge 7.9 
 
 21/4 Pineapple Tapioca 36 
 
 3 Prune Fliifif 1.5 
 
 3 Prune Souffle 3 
 
 3 Pudding, Bread Oustard 8.7 
 
 21/2 Pudding, Cabinet 5.7 
 
 2V2 Pudding, Caramel Cornstarch 4.1 
 
 3i/> Pudding, Steamed Cranberry 4.4 
 
 2% Pudding, Christmas ".. 6.21 
 
 21/2 Pudding, Cottage 8.2 
 
 3% Pudding, Fig Tapiooa 2 
 
 21/4 Pudding, Graham Q.Q 
 
 3 Pudding, Log Cabin 4.34 
 
 3 Pudding, Orange 3.17 
 
 3 Pudding, Pineapple 1.04 
 
 21/4 Pudding, Pressed Fruit 2.4 
 
 ?>Vi Pudding, Queen 8.4 
 
 2 Pudding, Eice 5.2 
 
 2Vi Pudding, Tapioca Custard .... 4.5 
 
 3 Pudding, Steamed Fruit 4.1 
 
 3 • Pudding, St. James 6.2 
 
 3 Pudding, Vevey 7 
 
 3% Raspberry and Banana Mould' .6 
 
 4 Rice and Banana 2.3 
 
 2 Rice with Cream Fluff 2.3 
 
 31/2 Salpieon Fruit 
 
 31/8 Sherbet Grape 86 
 
 31/2 Sherbet Milk 2.5 
 
 5 Shortcake, Pineapple 1.19 
 
 5 Shortcake, Orange 1.3 
 
 3% ShoTtcake, Strawberry 6.5 
 
 % Sticks, Cocoanut -.. 9.3 
 
 3i Strawberry Dessert 3 
 
 414 Strawberry Whip 5.4 
 
 3 Strawberry and Banana Jelly .33 
 2% Stuffed Figs 5.4 
 
 % Vanilla Wafers 4.6 
 
 4 Yogurt Ice Cream 2.2 
 
 2 Dressing foT Jioast .- 5.03 
 
 3 Egg Macaroni .. 5.44 
 
 21/4 Egg Mayonnaise Salad 13.37 
 
 3% Egg Plant Creamed 7.1 
 
 3 Egg plant baked 6.57 
 
 2% Egg Sauce 4.8 
 
 21/4 Eggs Alpine 10.6 
 
 214 Eggs baked in cream 27.7 
 
 3% Eggs Boiled in Canapes 13 
 
 4 h Eggs, Breaded 9.11 
 
 21/2 Eggs Eisoalloped 9.16 
 
 11/4 Eggs, Hard Jellied 16.3 
 
 11/4 Eggs, Poached 16.3 
 
 2 Eggs Poached in Corn Flakes 17 
 
 2% Eggs Poached on Rice Biscuits 13.6 
 
 21/2 Eggs, Poached, on Toast 14.1 
 
 215 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Calories Per Ounce g . Calories Served 
 
 m d.9 9 -=!« "J P.O g ,rt« 
 
 3 o M ^H ts la's -g E3 S'lH fH OS os'o 
 
 O fLiERO^O°PMfeO 
 
 2 Eggs, Scrambled 14.1 23.7 1.45 39.25 2.5 28 45 2 
 
 3% Eggs and Onions in White 
 
 Sauoe 4.07 
 
 3 Eggs Scrambled on Toast 12.3 
 
 IVi Eggs, Soft Jellied 16.3 
 
 2 H Eggs, Spanish 9.1 
 
 4 Egg Timbale Eev 8.23 
 
 4 Egg Timbales 9.3 
 
 11/2 Egg Yolks Hard Boiled (2).. 21.6 
 
 31/^ Esoarole Creamed 5.42 
 
 3 i Eggnog, Foamy 8.8 
 
 21/2 Eggnog, Lemon Flavor 12.4 
 
 8 Eggnog, Milk 5.9 
 
 3 Endive 3.3 
 
 y-, English Walnnts 19.4 
 
 31/2 Farina - 2.6 
 
 2V2 Fig Marmalade - 2.8 
 
 2% Fig Pudding 4.7 
 
 2 Fiigs 5 
 
 2 Figs, Steamed 4.6 
 
 3 Figs, Stewed -- 2.3 
 
 1/2 Filberts 18.2 
 
 3 Floating Island - - 5.45 
 
 14 French Salad, Dressing 
 
 4 Frozen Malted Nuts ..- 9.2 
 
 31/8 Fruit Gelee 1.10 
 
 6 Fruit Nectar 
 
 2 Gems, Corn 9 
 
 31/. Gems, Nut -- 10.1 
 
 SVi Gems, Wheat - 10 
 
 1 Gluten Biscuit, 40% 48.5 
 
 1/2 Gluten Biscuit, 80 % 88.5 
 
 51/2 Gluten Mush 3.2 
 
 4 Gluten Mush, Cream 5.5 
 
 % Golden Dressing 4 
 
 5 Good Health Breakfast Food 1.5 
 
 2% Gooseberries, Stewed 5 
 
 5% Graham Grits 2.1 
 
 414 Graham Mush 2.6 
 
 5 Graham Mush wTith Dates .-- 2.2 
 41/0 Grains of Gold (Cooked) .... 1.7 
 
 114 Granola -- 15.6 
 
 414 Granola Date Mush 3 
 
 4% Granola Fruit Mush 3.1 
 
 41/2 Granola Mush 4.3 
 
 % Granose Biscuit 14.1 
 
 % Granose Flakes 13.4 
 
 3% Grape Fruit - 9 
 
 6 Grape Juice - 
 
 5 Grapes (Atwater) 1.16 
 
 3 Grapes, Cooked 88 
 
 1% Granuto 19.1 
 
 1 Gravy, Brown Nut 7.8 
 
 1% Gravy, Creamed Gluten 4.3 
 
 6 Gruel, Baked Potato 7 
 
 5 Gruel, Baked Potato Cream.. 1.8 
 
 6 Gruel, Barley 1.4S 
 
 6% Gruel, Corn Flakes -.. 7 
 
 614 Gruel, Corn Meal 8 
 
 216 
 
 18.89 
 
 10.14 
 
 33.11 
 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 69 
 
 40 
 
 11/4 
 
 16.3 
 
 21.4 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 37 
 
 49 
 
 64 
 
 11/2 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 48.3 
 
 2.1 
 
 29 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 31.3 
 
 3.04 
 
 43.47 
 
 2.33 
 
 21 
 
 72 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 18.4 
 
 3.7 
 
 3.2 
 
 30.33 
 
 34 
 
 76 
 
 15 
 
 m 
 
 30.2 
 
 4.1 
 
 43.5 
 
 2.4 
 
 38 
 
 120 
 
 17 
 
 1% 
 
 82.6 
 
 
 
 102.2 
 
 95 
 
 20 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 9.21 
 
 8.65 
 
 23.28 
 
 4.6 
 
 17 
 
 30 
 
 28 
 
 % 
 
 27.6 
 
 14.2 
 
 50.4 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 93 
 
 51 
 
 1% 
 
 .5 
 
 25.6 
 
 38.5 
 
 2.5 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 66 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 
 9 
 
 38 
 
 2.6 
 
 46 
 
 183 
 
 71 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 4.93 
 
 9.3 
 
 10.7 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 1/4 
 
 169.2 
 
 18.2 
 
 206.8 
 
 .47 
 
 9 
 
 82 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 .8 
 
 18 
 
 21.4 
 
 4.7 
 
 9.1 
 
 2.8 
 
 63 
 
 % 
 
 .4 
 
 48.7 
 
 57.9 
 
 1.9 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 118 
 
 11/4 
 
 15.3 
 
 34.7 
 
 ■ 54.7 
 
 1.83 
 
 12 
 
 42 
 
 96 
 
 IV, 
 
 8 
 
 79.7 
 
 83.5 
 
 1.2 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 144 
 
 11/2 
 
 .6 
 
 73.9 
 
 79.1 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 140 
 
 iy2 
 
 .4 
 
 49.4 
 
 52.1 
 
 1.92 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 143 
 
 iy2 
 
 174.1 
 
 15.2 
 
 207.5 
 
 .48 
 
 9 
 
 84 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 12.4 
 
 21.6 
 
 39.6 
 
 2.5 
 
 17 
 
 62 
 
 71 
 
 iy2 
 
 198 
 
 2.85 
 
 200.9 
 
 .5 
 
 
 
 99 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 24.5 
 
 17 
 
 70.7 
 
 2 
 
 36 
 
 96 
 
 68 
 
 2 
 
 .5 
 
 38.1 
 
 39.7 
 
 2.5 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 120 
 
 iy4 
 
 
 
 11.6 
 
 11.6 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 % 
 
 22.2 
 
 21.7 
 
 72.1 
 
 1.3 
 
 20 
 
 56 
 
 84 
 
 ly 
 
 37.2 
 
 46.8 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 35 
 
 129 
 
 161 
 
 3y4 
 
 26.1 
 
 48.4 
 
 84.5 
 
 1.18 
 
 33 
 
 86 
 
 156 
 
 1% 
 
 2.8 
 
 56.1 
 
 107.4 
 
 .9 
 
 45 
 
 3 
 
 52 
 
 1 
 
 2.7 
 
 21 
 
 111.9 
 
 .9 
 
 41 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 y 
 
 .3 
 
 14.68 
 
 8.2 
 
 5.4 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 81 
 
 1 
 
 27 
 
 16.5 
 
 49 
 
 2.5 
 
 22 
 
 111 
 
 67 
 
 2 
 
 8.5 
 
 45 
 
 57.5 
 
 1.72 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 39 
 
 y 
 
 1.2 
 
 9 
 
 11.7 
 
 3.50 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 35 
 
 % 
 
 
 18.9 
 
 19.4 
 
 5.15 
 
 1 
 
 
 49 
 
 y 
 
 .3 
 
 14.9 
 
 17.3 
 
 5.8 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 86 
 
 1 
 
 .99 
 
 4 
 
 17.6 
 
 5.7 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 60 
 
 % 
 
 1.6 
 
 21.5 
 
 25.1 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 105 
 
 iy4 
 
 .4 
 
 14.5 
 
 16.6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 66 
 
 % 
 
 1.1 
 
 85 
 
 101.7 
 
 .98 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 105 
 
 iy4 
 
 1 
 
 25.2 
 
 29.2 
 
 3.42 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 109 
 
 iy4 
 
 1.1 
 
 24.9 
 
 29 
 
 3.5 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 104 
 
 1% 
 
 .3 
 
 23.6 
 
 28.28 
 
 3.55 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 103 
 
 iy4 
 
 1.9 
 
 83.6 
 
 99.6 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 64 
 
 % 
 
 1 
 
 83.8 
 
 98.2 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 64 
 
 % 
 
 .5 
 
 11.8 
 
 13.2 
 
 7.6 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 45 
 
 y 
 
 
 
 23.8 
 
 23.8 
 
 4.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 150 
 
 ly 
 
 3.2 
 
 16.6 
 
 20.9 
 
 4.7 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 79 
 
 1 
 
 2.43 
 
 34.8 
 
 38.7 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 92 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 91.8 
 
 115.5 
 
 .87 
 
 32 
 
 8 
 
 160 
 
 2 
 
 11.5 
 
 4.9 
 
 24.2 
 
 4.15 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 y4 
 
 17.8 
 
 9.4 
 
 31.5 
 
 3.12 
 
 7 
 
 28 
 
 15 
 
 y 
 
 5.7 
 
 5.7 
 
 12.2 
 
 8.2 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 % 
 
 19.8 
 
 7.9 
 
 29.5 
 
 3.3 
 
 8 
 
 101 
 
 41 
 
 ly 
 
 .7 
 
 10.2 
 
 12.39 
 
 8.07 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 62 
 
 % 
 
 .9 
 
 6.1 
 
 7.7 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 40 
 
 y 
 
 .4 
 
 6.8 
 
 8. 
 
 12.5 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 42 
 
 y 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Calories Per Ounce 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 Calories 
 
 Served 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■~t6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■f, P.O 
 
 
 
 A 0/ 
 
 ^.s 
 
 Oj 
 
 w 
 
 i = 
 
 "1/4 Gruel, Cream Gluten 4.3 
 
 5 Gruels, Creamed Cracker 1.7 
 
 4% Gruel, Farina 1.4 
 
 6 Gruel, Granola 2.7 
 
 8 Gruel, Granose Flakes 8 
 
 6 Gruel, Oatmeal 1.3 
 
 6 Gruel, Plain Gluten 9.3 
 
 6 Gruels, Potato, Baked 7 
 
 4% Gruel, Potato Meal 1 
 
 6 Gruel, Rice 7 
 
 5 Gruel, Savorv Potato Meal.... 2.9 
 
 6 Gruel, Taro ". 3.7 
 
 6 Gruel, Taro Cream 83 
 
 8 Gruel, Wheat Flake 64 
 
 3 Hash, Potato and Celery 2.66 
 
 31/4 Hash, Potatoes and Onions.. 2.35 
 
 3 Hash, Protose 8 
 
 2% Hash, Vegetable 2.5 
 
 2 Hoeoake 9.96 
 
 41,4 Hominy 2.6 
 
 414 Hominy, Creamed 5 
 
 2% Hominy Croquettes 5 
 
 4% Hominy Grits 1.7 
 
 1% Honey — . .5 
 
 414 Hulled Corn 2.6 
 
 5% Hulled Wheat 3.3 
 
 31/2 Jellied Peach '. 58 
 
 3 Jelly, Cheri-y 
 
 2% Jelly, Chocolate 3 
 
 2 Jelly, Cranberry 38 
 
 3 Jelly, Cueumbea' .5 
 
 1 Jelly, Currant 1.2 
 
 3 Jelly, Lemon 
 
 2% Jelly, Orange 
 
 3 Jelly, Orange and Pineapple .43 
 
 3 Jelly, Pineapple 
 
 4 Jelly, Tomato 3.2 
 
 5 Kumyss 3.3 
 
 1^ Lemon Sauce 
 
 ^y<y, Lemonade - 
 
 2% Lemonade Nog 12.4 
 
 3 Lentil and Potato Loaf 5 
 
 3 Lentils (Baked) .- 8.23 
 
 41/^ Lettuce and Celery Stew 1.2 
 
 114 Lettuce with Lemon 1.1 
 
 2% Macaroni and Cheese — 6.2 
 
 21^ Macaroni and Cornlet 4.02 
 
 3 Macaroni Croquettes — 13.82 
 
 4 Macaroni and Kidney Beans 4.4 
 
 3 Macaroni and Tomato 5.06 
 
 3% Macaroni in Tomato Sauce.... 1.4 
 
 2% Macaroni au Gratin 10.8 
 
 3 Macaroni Outlets 13.8 
 
 3 Macaroni, Egg 5.44 
 
 1 Malt Honey Caramels 5.6 
 
 114 Malt Honey Whip 1.1 
 
 1 Malted Milk (Horlicks) 19.7 
 
 114 Malted Nuts 27.6 
 
 5% Malted Nuts, Cream 8.3 
 
 6 Malted Nuts, Egg Nog 10.8 
 
 20.3 
 
 12.9 
 
 37.5 
 
 2.7 
 
 23 
 
 108 
 
 69 
 
 2 
 
 15.7 
 
 4.6 
 
 20.2 
 
 4.9 
 
 8 
 
 69 
 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 .04 
 
 9.1 
 
 10.5 
 
 9.5 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 43 
 
 V'?. 
 
 .9 
 
 12 
 
 15.6 
 
 6.6 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 76 
 
 1 
 
 .06 
 
 4.9 
 
 5.7 
 
 17.5 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 42 
 
 % 
 
 1.4 
 
 5.8 
 
 8.5 
 
 11.7 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 35 
 
 % 
 
 .5 
 
 10.2 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 81 
 
 1 
 
 5.7 
 
 5.7 
 
 12.2 
 
 8.19 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 % 
 
 .1 
 
 10.2 
 
 11.3 
 
 8.9 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 45 
 
 1/0 
 
 1.2 
 
 5.8 
 
 7.7 
 
 12.9 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 38 
 
 1/? 
 
 10.7 
 
 11.9 
 
 25.9 
 
 3.8 
 
 13 
 
 53 
 
 59 
 
 iy4 
 
 10.2 
 
 1.5 
 
 12.2 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 62 
 
 10 
 
 % 
 
 17.5 
 
 2.2 
 
 20.4 
 
 4.8 
 
 5 
 
 106 
 
 14 
 
 iy4 
 
 .22 
 
 5.22 
 
 6.1 
 
 16.3 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 44 
 
 % 
 
 9.66 
 
 21 
 
 33.3 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 29 
 
 63 
 
 1 
 
 10.79 
 
 17.63 
 
 30.7 
 
 3.25 
 
 7 
 
 36 
 
 57 
 
 1 
 
 4.3 
 
 21.1 
 
 33.4 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 13 
 
 63 
 
 1 
 
 7.1 
 
 17.4 
 
 27 
 
 3.7 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 49 
 
 % 
 
 45.8 
 
 59.5 
 
 115.3 
 
 .9 
 
 19 
 
 90 
 
 116 
 
 21/4 
 
 .5 
 
 20.7 
 
 23.8 
 
 4.2 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 87 
 
 1 
 
 14.4 
 
 35.7 
 
 54.6 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 60 
 
 145 
 
 21/4 
 
 8.3 
 
 25.7 
 
 39 
 
 2.5 
 
 13 
 
 22 
 
 65 
 
 1 
 
 .4 
 
 14.5 
 
 16.6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 66 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 94.7 
 
 95.2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 149 
 
 11/0 
 
 .5 
 
 20.7 
 
 23.8 
 
 4.2 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 87 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 26.3 
 
 3.8 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 126 
 
 IVo 
 
 3.48 
 
 24 
 
 28.1 
 
 3.55 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 85 
 
 1 
 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 Vo 
 
 14.9 
 
 17.4 
 
 35.3 
 
 2.84 
 
 9 
 
 42 
 
 49 
 
 1 
 
 1.01 
 
 49.7 
 
 51.1 
 
 1.9 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 97 
 
 1 
 
 .3 
 
 3 
 
 3.8 
 
 26.3 
 
 1 
 
 
 9 
 
 tV 
 
 
 90.1 
 
 91.3 
 
 1.09 
 
 1 
 
 
 99 
 
 1 
 
 
 30.57 
 
 30.57 
 
 3.2 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 
 36.4 
 
 36.4 
 
 2.74 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 .23 
 
 24.5 
 
 25.1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 73 
 
 % 
 
 
 41.06 
 
 41.06 
 
 2.4 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 11/4 
 
 1.7 
 
 9.21 
 
 14.2 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 32 
 
 v. 
 
 5.6 
 
 6.3 
 
 15.2 
 
 6.6 
 
 16.5 
 
 28 
 
 31.5 
 
 ' % 
 
 
 37.3 
 
 37.3 
 
 2.7 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 y 
 
 
 14.2 
 
 14.2 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 % 
 
 .48 
 
 25.6 
 
 38.4 
 
 2.5 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 66 
 
 1 
 
 6.2 
 
 27 
 
 38.3 
 
 2.7 
 
 18 
 
 22 
 
 85 
 
 11/4 
 
 3.13 
 
 19.38 
 
 30.76 
 
 3.3 
 
 26 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 4.5 
 
 6.87 
 
 12.12 
 
 9.6 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 29 
 
 % 
 
 .6 
 
 5 
 
 6.7 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 V 
 
 T^TT 
 
 25.2 
 
 12.8 
 
 44.3 
 
 2.5 
 
 13 
 
 59 
 
 28 
 
 1 
 
 6.9 
 
 11.86 
 
 22.7 
 
 4.4 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 26 
 
 1/0 
 
 28.4 
 
 32.35 
 
 74.6 
 
 .3 
 
 41 
 
 86 
 
 98 
 
 21/4 
 
 6.36 
 
 12.6 
 
 23.4 
 
 4.6 
 
 19 
 
 29 
 
 52 
 
 1 
 
 3.86 
 
 17.16 
 
 26.08 
 
 3.8 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 49 
 
 % 
 
 8.7 
 
 6.6 
 
 16.9 
 
 6.09 
 
 3 
 
 27 
 
 20 
 
 1/. 
 
 15.82 
 
 15.88 
 
 44.8 
 
 2.45 
 
 30 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 11/4 
 
 28.4 
 
 32.35 
 
 74.6 
 
 1.3 
 
 41 
 
 86 
 
 98 
 
 21/4 
 
 20.7 
 
 9.34 
 
 35.5 
 
 2.81 
 
 15 
 
 59 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 94.8 
 
 100.4 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 81.1 
 
 1.2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 99 
 
 1 
 
 23.4 
 
 79.2 
 
 121.7 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 81 
 
 114 
 
 73.6 
 
 51.2 
 
 152.4 
 
 .65 
 
 36 
 
 96 
 
 68 
 
 2 
 
 28 
 
 15.4 
 
 51.7 
 
 1.9 
 
 48 
 
 163 
 
 89 
 
 3 
 
 25.2 
 
 13.65 
 
 49.6 
 
 2 
 
 65 
 
 153 
 
 82 
 
 3 
 
 217 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 3 o m 
 O 
 
 4 Malted Nuts, Frozen 9.2 
 
 11^ Malted Nuts, Hot 27.6 
 
 2 Maltol -- 
 
 1 Maple Sugar 
 
 IVi Maple Syrup 
 
 21/2 Marmalade, Fig - 2.8 
 
 2% Marmalade, Prune 8 
 
 1^2 Mayonnaise, Cooked --- 6.87 
 
 21^ Meltose or Malt Honey 
 
 % Meltose Sauce — - 1.1 
 
 11/2 Meltose with Butter 33 
 
 1% Meltose, whipiped 1.1 
 
 61/2 Milk, Skimmed 4 
 
 6 Milk, Whole 3.8 
 
 2 Muffins, Bran -- 8.8 
 
 414 Baked Mush 5 
 
 5 Neetarines 4 
 
 2 New England Stew 6.6 
 
 2% Normandy Loaf 15.5 
 
 2^2 Nut and Vegetable Stew 6.3 
 
 Vs Nut Butter 34.2 
 
 21/4 Nut Normandy Chops 4.42 
 
 23/2 Nut Chops - -- 9.4 
 
 2 Nut Croquettes 18.6 
 
 21/0 Nut Cutlets - 22.9 
 
 2% Nut Fillet - 15.11 
 
 2 Nut Fillet (new) 22.89 
 
 2% Nut Fillets 15.1 
 
 1 Nut Gravy 7.8 
 
 21/2 Nut Irish Stew 8.9 
 
 ■2% Nut Loaf with Peas 18.2 
 
 3% Nut Meat Fillet - 12.9 
 
 41/, Nut Meat Loaf 11.7 
 
 3% Nut Meat Pie 15 
 
 2 Nut Patties 18.6 
 
 1% Nut Patties - 2.6 
 
 2% Nut Patties— Tomato Sauee.. 15.1 
 
 3 Nut and Eice Patties 13.25 
 
 3 Nut Ragout - 8.97 
 
 2 Nut Sausage 18.62 
 
 2% Nut Steak with Gravy 18.9 
 
 % Nuts, Almonds 24.5 
 
 1/4 Nuts, Almonds Salted 24.5 
 
 1/2 Nuts, Beech 25.5 
 
 1/2 Nuts, Butter .- --;. 32.5 
 
 1/2 Nuts, Brazil 19.8 
 
 1/2 Nuts, Filberts 18.2 
 
 % Nuts, Hickory 18 
 
 1/2 Nuts, Pecans 11.2 
 
 1/2 Nuts, Pine 39.5 
 
 1/2 Nuts, Pine, Salted 39.5 
 
 1/2 Nuts, Walnut, Eng 19.4 
 
 2 Nuttolene 14.4 
 
 3 Nuttolene-Apple Sauce 9.7 
 
 3 Nuttolene-Aptricot Sauce 10 
 
 2% Nuttolene and Bechamel 
 
 Sauce -. 12.3 
 
 2- Nuttolene, Baked 13.45 
 
 2 Nuttolene Broiled 14.4 
 
 2 Nuttolene-Ohili Sauce 14.4 
 
 alories ] 
 
 Per Ounce 
 
 .|^ 
 
 Calories 
 
 Served 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 Pn 
 
 I'd 
 
 
 
 ■5t;o 
 
 -So 
 0°° 
 
 ^0 
 
 
 Is 
 
 n CO 
 
 ^'^ 
 
 
 a- 
 •2 > 
 
 to 
 
 CM 
 
 24.5 
 
 17 
 
 50.7 
 
 2 
 
 36 
 
 96 
 
 68 
 
 2 
 
 73.6 
 
 51.2 
 
 152.4 
 
 .65 
 
 36 
 
 96 
 
 68 
 
 2 
 
 88 
 
 58.3 
 
 146.3 
 
 .7 
 
 
 
 220 
 
 80 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 96.6 
 
 93.6 
 
 1.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 1.2 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 .4 
 
 48.7 
 
 51.9 
 
 1.9 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 118 
 
 1% 
 
 .3 
 
 43.9 
 
 45 
 
 2.2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 97 
 
 1 
 
 67.1 
 
 2.85 
 
 76.8 
 
 1.3 
 
 9 
 
 88 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 86.2 
 
 86.2 
 
 1.16 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 2 
 
 .04 
 
 80.6 
 
 81.2 
 
 1.23 
 
 1 
 
 
 49 
 
 V2 
 
 62.9 
 
 62.2 
 
 125.5 
 
 .7 
 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 2 
 
 .04 
 
 80 
 
 81.14 
 
 1.2 
 
 1 
 
 
 99 
 
 1 
 
 .8 
 
 6 
 
 10.8 
 
 9.3 
 
 26 
 
 5.2 
 
 39 
 
 % 
 
 11 
 
 5.8 
 
 20.6 
 
 4.85 
 
 23 
 
 67 
 
 35 
 
 11/4 
 
 34.8 
 
 28.1 
 
 71.8 
 
 1.3 
 
 18 
 
 73 
 
 59 
 
 1% 
 
 5 
 
 26.1 
 
 35.1 
 
 2.77 
 
 27 
 
 21 
 
 108 
 
 1% 
 
 
 
 14.6 
 
 15 
 
 6.6 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 73 
 
 % 
 
 6.3 
 
 10.4 
 
 23.3 
 
 4.3 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 1/2 
 
 44.3 
 
 18.1 
 
 77.9 
 
 1.3 
 
 39 
 
 114 
 
 47 
 
 2 
 
 6.36 
 
 8.7 
 
 21.3 
 
 4.6 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 V2 
 
 124 
 
 20 
 
 178.2 
 
 .6 
 
 28 
 
 105 
 
 17 
 
 11/2 
 
 19.6 
 
 34.9 
 
 58.9 
 
 1.4 
 
 12 
 
 65 
 
 73 
 
 11/2 
 
 26.4 
 
 37.4 
 
 73.2 
 
 1.4 
 
 22 
 
 64 
 
 89 
 
 1% 
 
 21.8 
 
 9.15 
 
 49.6 
 
 1.55 
 
 38 
 
 44 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 23.3 
 
 15.26 
 
 61.5 
 
 1.6 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 37 
 
 11/2 
 
 14.88 
 
 16.6 
 
 46.6 
 
 2.14 
 
 41 
 
 40 
 
 44 
 
 m 
 
 34.47 
 
 16.8 
 
 74.1 
 
 1.3 
 
 38 
 
 58 
 
 29 
 
 11/4 
 
 14.9 
 
 16.6 
 
 46.6 
 
 2.14 
 
 41 
 
 40 
 
 44 
 
 11/4 
 
 11.5 
 
 4.9 
 
 24.2 
 
 4.15 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 1/4 
 
 8.99 
 
 12.31 
 
 30.25 
 
 3.3 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 31 
 
 % 
 
 13,91 
 
 11.31 
 
 46.4 
 
 2.15 
 
 48 
 
 46 
 
 31 
 
 11/4 
 
 18.18 
 
 16.51 
 
 47.6 
 
 2.1 
 
 48 
 
 66 
 
 61 
 
 1% 
 
 17.2 
 
 12.4 
 
 41.3 
 
 2.3 
 
 44 
 
 106 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 18.4 
 
 30.7 
 
 64.2 
 
 1.6 
 
 47 
 
 58 
 
 95 
 
 2 
 
 21.85 
 
 9.15 
 
 49.6 
 
 1.55 
 
 38 
 
 44 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 .5 
 
 20.7 
 
 23.8 
 
 4.2 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 41 
 
 V2 
 
 20.8 
 
 8.4 
 
 44.4 
 
 2.2 
 
 34 
 
 47 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 9.64 
 
 17.7 
 
 40.6 
 
 2.46 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 56 
 
 11/4 
 
 27.14 
 
 6 
 
 41.5 
 
 2.4 
 
 26 
 
 • 81 
 
 18 
 
 11/4 
 
 51.01 
 
 11.52 
 
 81.6 
 
 1.2 
 
 30 
 
 100 
 
 20 
 
 ly- 
 
 25 
 
 9.7 
 
 53.6 
 
 1.8 
 
 53 
 
 71 
 
 26 
 
 11/-, 
 
 146.4 
 
 20.2 
 
 191.1 
 
 .52 
 
 7 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 % 
 
 .146.4 
 
 20.2 
 
 191.1 
 
 .52 
 
 7 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 Vi 
 
 153.1 
 
 15.4 
 
 194 
 
 .5 
 
 12.7 
 
 76.5 
 
 7.7 
 
 1 
 
 163.2 
 
 4.1 
 
 199.8 
 
 .5 
 
 16.2 
 
 81.6 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 178.1 
 
 8.2 
 
 206.1 
 
 .48 
 
 9 
 
 87 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 174.1 
 
 15.2 
 
 207.5 
 
 .48 
 
 9 
 
 84 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 179.7 
 
 13.3 
 
 211 
 
 47 
 
 9 
 
 89.8 
 
 6.6 
 
 1 1 
 
 188 
 
 17.8 
 
 217.8 
 
 .46 
 
 5 
 
 87 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 131.7 
 
 8 
 
 179.2 
 
 .55 
 
 23 
 
 72 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 131.7 
 
 8 
 
 179.2 
 
 .55 
 
 23 
 
 72 
 
 5 
 
 ] 
 
 169.2 
 
 18.2 
 
 206.8 
 
 .47 
 
 9 
 
 82 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 27.7 
 
 8.1 
 
 50.2 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 55 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 18.9 
 
 13.3 
 
 42 
 
 2.38 
 
 29 
 
 56 
 
 40 
 
 1V4 
 
 18.4 
 
 22.2 
 
 50.6 
 
 2.45 
 
 31 
 
 57 
 
 37 
 
 11/4 
 
 30.5 
 
 11.6 
 
 54.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 34 
 
 84 
 
 32 
 
 IV > 
 
 31.2 
 
 12.14 
 
 56.87 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 53 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 27.7 
 
 8.1 
 
 50.2 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 55 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 27.7 
 
 8.1 
 
 50.2 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 55 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 218 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITAHIIM 
 
 3 Niittoleme-Cranberry Sauce .. 9.7 
 
 2% Nuttolene a la Cream 10.3 
 
 2 Nuttolene Croquettes 12.6 
 
 2V2 Nuttolene Cutlets 16.2 
 
 2% Nuttolene Fricassee 10.35 
 
 21/) Nuttolene and Hollandaise 
 
 Sauce 12 
 
 21/2 Nuttolene and Jelly 12 
 
 2 " Nu)ttolene-Min/t Sauce 14.4 
 
 2^2 Nuttolene and Piquant Sauce 13.2 
 2i/> Nuttolene and Tomato Sauce 15.1 
 
 4ii Oatmeal (Cooked) 3.3 
 
 1% Oatmeal Stones 9.9 
 
 1 Oatmeal Wafers 13.3 
 
 41^ Oats, EoUed (Cooked) 3.3 
 
 5 Okra and Tomatoes 1 
 
 i Olive Oil 
 
 1 i Olives, Eipe (7) 2 
 
 4 Omelet 14 
 
 3 Onion Duchesse 4.49 
 
 3 Onions, Baked 3.16 
 
 21/0 Onions, Boiled 73 
 
 3 Onions, Creamed 1.73 
 
 3 Onions, Escalloped - 2.7 
 
 41/4 Onions on Toast 4 
 
 5 Orange Juice 
 
 1 Orange Marmalade 8 
 
 1 Orange Sauce 2.6 
 
 714 Orange Yogurt 2.7 
 
 5 Oranges - 9 
 
 5 Oranges, Blood 9 
 
 3 Parsnips, Browned - 2 
 
 3 Parsnips, Creamed — 2.56 
 
 214, Paisnips, Escalloped 6.1 
 
 3 Parsnips, Mashed 1.7 
 
 3% Patties, Peas 13 
 
 21/2 Patties, Eice - 21.23 
 
 5 Peach Juice 
 
 4 Peaches, Fresh 9 
 
 31/2 Peaches, Cooked -.- - 9 
 
 % Peanuts 30.1 
 
 6 Pear Juiee 
 
 4 Pears - 7 
 
 4 Pears, Cooked 7 
 
 3 Peas, Creamed — — 6.36 
 
 3 Peas, English Style 7.8 
 
 3 Peas in Cream 6.16 
 
 31/2 Peas Creamed on Toast 6.49 
 
 3 Peas, Green 7.8 
 
 31/0 Peas, and New Potatoes 4.68 
 
 3% Peas, Pattie 13 
 
 3 Peas, Puree 8.5 
 
 3 Peas and Eice Croquettes -.-- 5.6 
 % Pecans -- 11.2 
 
 414 Persimmons 95 
 
 4% Pie, Apple 7.18 
 
 4 Pie, Blackberry 8.18 
 
 4 Pie, Bluelberry 5.2 
 
 3% Pie, Cocoanut Cream 6.46 
 
 4 Pie, Custard 4.9 
 
 alories Per Ounce 
 
 = . 
 
 Calories 
 
 Served 
 
 
 a 
 ft 
 
 Q 
 
 1 
 
 - 3^ 
 0°° 
 
 '0 
 
 Si 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 2^5 
 
 •S > 
 
 P4 
 
 18.8 
 
 17.2 
 
 45.7 
 
 2.17 
 
 28 
 
 51 
 
 46 
 
 1% 
 
 27 
 
 8.4 
 
 45.7 
 
 2.2 
 
 28 
 
 74 
 
 23 
 
 IV4 
 
 36.4 
 
 16 
 
 64 
 
 1.8 
 
 25 
 
 70 
 
 30 
 
 11/4- 
 
 32.66 
 
 13.8 
 
 62.5 
 
 1.6 
 
 40 
 
 80 
 
 30 
 
 11/2 
 
 23.18 
 
 6.9 
 
 40.43 
 
 2.5 
 
 25 
 
 56 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 41.2 
 
 6.8 
 
 60 
 
 1.6 
 
 30 
 
 103 
 
 17 
 
 iv. 
 
 22 
 
 26 
 
 60 
 
 1.6 
 
 30 
 
 55 
 
 65 
 
 iv^ 
 
 27.7 
 
 8.1 
 
 50.2 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 55 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 36.4 
 
 11.4 
 
 60 
 
 1.6 
 
 33 
 
 91 
 
 26 
 
 IV. 
 
 20.8 
 
 8.4 
 
 44.4 
 
 2.2 
 
 34 
 
 47 
 
 69 
 
 11/. 
 
 1.3 
 
 13.4 
 
 18 
 
 5.6 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 56 
 
 •y+ 
 
 19.4 
 
 41.2 
 
 70.6 
 
 1 
 
 18 
 
 34 
 
 73 
 
 iy4- 
 
 29.6 
 
 80.5 
 
 123.8 
 
 .8 
 
 14 
 
 30 
 
 81 
 
 1% 
 
 1.3 
 
 13.4 
 
 18 
 
 5.6 
 
 It 
 
 5 
 
 06 
 
 ■■•■A 
 
 2.4 
 
 4.3 
 
 7.7 
 
 14.2 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 1/4 
 
 264.1 
 
 
 
 264.1 
 
 .4 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 69.1 
 
 5 
 
 76.1 
 
 1.3 
 
 2 
 
 91 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 59 
 
 1 
 
 74 
 
 1.4 
 
 56 
 
 236 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 33.8 
 
 4.9 
 
 43.26 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 100 
 
 13 
 
 1% 
 
 11.6 
 
 18.98 
 
 33.7 
 
 2.93 
 
 9 
 
 34 
 
 57 
 
 1 
 
 4.1 
 
 3.3 
 
 8.1 
 
 12.1 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 1/4 
 
 14.6 
 
 5.6 
 
 21.9 
 
 4.5 
 
 6 
 
 50 
 
 19 
 
 % 
 
 8 
 
 9.6 
 
 20.3 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 % 
 
 6.4 
 
 21.2 
 
 31.6 
 
 2.8 
 
 15 
 
 25 
 
 85 
 
 iy+ 
 
 
 
 15.1 
 
 15.1 
 
 6.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 % 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 109 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 1 
 
 32.25 
 
 68.7 
 
 103.5 
 
 .96 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 66 
 
 1 
 
 55 
 
 12.3 
 
 15.6 
 
 5.8 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 98 
 
 iy+ 
 
 .5 
 
 13.5 
 
 14.9 
 
 6.7 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 69 
 
 % 
 
 .5 
 
 13.5 
 
 14.9 
 
 6.7 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 69 
 
 % 
 
 11.85 
 
 11.31 
 
 25.2 
 
 3.9 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 33 
 
 % 
 
 6.5 
 
 17.29 
 
 26.35 
 
 3.8 
 
 7 
 
 16 
 
 52 
 
 % 
 
 10 
 
 19.1 
 
 35.2 
 
 2.7 
 
 13 
 
 22 
 
 40 
 
 % 
 
 5.9 
 
 9.5 
 
 17.1 
 
 5.8 
 
 5 
 
 17 
 
 28 
 
 V2 
 
 18.4 
 
 23.4 
 
 54.8 
 
 1.8 
 
 48 
 
 66 
 
 86 
 
 2 
 
 54.02 
 
 40.5 
 
 115 
 
 .83 
 
 20 
 
 43 
 
 37 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 20.8 
 
 20.8 
 
 4.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 .3 
 
 11.6 
 
 12.8 
 
 7.8 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 46 
 
 ¥2 
 
 .3 
 
 19.7 
 
 20.9 
 
 4.8 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 71 
 
 %- 
 
 102.9 
 
 8.5 
 
 161.5 
 
 .6 
 
 22.5 
 
 77.1 
 
 6.3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 25.6 
 
 25.6 
 
 3.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 150 
 
 11/2 
 
 1.3 
 
 16.5 
 
 18.5 
 
 5.4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 67 
 
 % 
 
 1.1 
 
 23.3 
 
 25.1 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 93 
 
 1 
 
 9.9 
 
 13.74 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 24 
 
 35 
 
 % 
 
 9.1 
 
 17.5 
 
 34.4 
 
 3 
 
 23 
 
 26 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 
 22.5 
 
 13.83 
 
 42.5 
 
 2.3 
 
 18 
 
 63 
 
 41 
 
 iVi 
 
 13 
 
 26.24 
 
 45.75 
 
 2.18 
 
 20 
 
 44 
 
 86 
 
 11/2 
 
 9.1 
 
 17.5 
 
 34.4 
 
 3 
 
 23 
 
 26 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 
 9.86 
 
 21.13 
 
 35.68 
 
 2.8 
 
 16 
 
 35 
 
 74 
 
 1% 
 
 18.4 
 
 23.4 
 
 54.8 
 
 1.8 
 
 48 
 
 66 
 
 86 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 17.5 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 2o 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 3.3 
 
 28 
 
 36.9 
 
 2.9 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 
 62 
 
 1 
 
 188 
 
 17.8 
 
 217.8 
 
 .46 
 
 ; 5 
 
 87 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 1.86 
 
 36.7 
 
 39.5 
 
 2.5 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 162 
 
 1% 
 
 16.7 
 
 35.18 
 
 59.1 
 
 1.6 
 
 32 
 
 78 
 
 165 
 
 2% 
 
 14.36 
 
 43.1 
 
 66.64 
 
 1.5 
 
 43 
 
 77 
 
 230 
 
 31/2 
 
 12.7 
 
 47.4 
 
 65.3 
 
 1.5 
 
 20 
 
 49 
 
 181 
 
 2-i/o 
 
 23 
 
 31.31 
 
 16.85 
 
 1.65 
 
 : 21 
 
 76 
 
 103 
 
 2 
 
 16.8 
 
 30.5 
 
 52.2 
 
 1.9 
 
 20 
 
 64 
 
 116 
 
 2 
 
 219 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 c? fc 
 
 [lories Per Ounce 
 
 S5 
 
 Calories 
 
 Served 
 
 L 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 C3 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 14.6 
 
 46 
 
 68.6 
 
 1.46 
 
 33 
 
 58 
 
 184 
 
 2% 
 
 21.4 
 
 21.9 
 
 73.7 
 
 1.3 
 
 42 
 
 87 
 
 171 
 
 3 
 
 24.1 
 
 26 
 
 57.1 
 
 1.76 
 
 36 
 
 126 
 
 138 
 
 3 
 
 26.9 
 
 38.7 
 
 73.54 
 
 1.3 
 
 35 
 
 120 
 
 170 
 
 31/4 
 
 22.2 
 
 35.1 
 
 72.4 
 
 1.3 
 
 73 
 
 108 
 
 169 
 
 31/2 
 
 23.7 
 
 29.8 
 
 59.9 
 
 1.6 
 
 22 
 
 90 
 
 113 
 
 2 ¥4 
 
 19.31 
 
 35.67 
 
 66.3 
 
 1.5 
 
 43 
 
 73 
 
 134 
 
 2% 
 
 7.26 
 
 24.88 
 
 35.4 
 
 2.8 
 
 36 
 
 71 
 
 168 
 
 2% 
 
 14.36 
 
 43.1 
 
 65.64 
 
 1.5 
 
 43 
 
 77 
 
 230 
 
 3% 
 
 22.7 
 
 36.5 
 
 63.5 
 
 1.58 
 
 21 
 
 126 
 
 203 
 
 31/^ 
 
 60.5 
 
 26.3 
 
 109.5 
 
 .91 
 
 45 
 
 128 
 
 52 
 
 2y4 
 
 131.7 
 
 8 
 
 179.2 
 
 .55 
 
 23 
 
 72 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 .8 
 
 11.3 
 
 12.6 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 21.8 
 
 21.8 
 
 4.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 .85 
 
 29 
 
 21.4 
 
 4.6 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 70 
 
 % 
 
 
 23.5 
 
 23.7 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 95 
 
 1 
 
 
 31.3 
 
 37.4 
 
 2.67 
 
 3 
 
 
 97 
 
 1 
 
 13.3 
 
 91.8 
 
 117.6 
 
 .85 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 40 
 
 % 
 
 17.61 
 
 31.48 
 
 55.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 14 
 
 40 
 
 71 
 
 iy4 
 
 18.3 
 
 20.4 
 
 44.7 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 51 
 
 57 
 
 11/4 
 
 11.25 
 
 59.7 
 
 75 
 
 1.34 
 
 12 
 
 33 
 
 180 
 
 2% 
 
 18 
 
 17.5 
 
 40 
 
 2.5 
 
 18 
 
 112 
 
 70 
 
 2 
 
 25.8 
 
 21 
 
 52.2 
 
 1.9 
 
 17 
 
 73 
 
 60 
 
 1% 
 
 17 
 
 10.4 
 
 30.1 
 
 3.3 
 
 13 
 
 86 
 
 51 
 
 1% 
 
 15 
 
 17.34 
 
 36.5 
 
 2.7 
 
 14 
 
 52 
 
 59 
 
 1% 
 
 17.61 
 
 31.4 
 
 55.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 14 
 
 40 
 
 71 
 
 1% 
 
 25.77 
 
 15.06 
 
 45.3 
 
 2.1 
 
 10 
 
 57 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 .4 
 
 28.9 
 
 32.7 
 
 3.06 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 88 
 
 1 
 
 .3 
 
 24.4 
 
 27.6 
 
 3.5 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 67 
 
 % 
 
 5.17 
 
 29.12 
 
 77 
 
 2.6 
 
 11 
 
 17 
 
 97 
 
 1V4 
 
 8.1 
 
 23.4 
 
 35.2 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 22 
 
 68 
 
 1 
 
 12.87 
 
 18.74 
 
 34.81 
 
 2.8 
 
 11 
 
 46 
 
 68 
 
 m 
 
 10.7 
 
 21 
 
 35.3 
 
 2.75 
 
 15 
 
 45 
 
 90 
 
 1V2 
 
 5.17 
 
 29.4 
 
 38.07 
 
 2.6 
 
 11 
 
 17 
 
 97 
 
 11/4 
 
 13.4 
 
 22 
 
 38.2 
 
 2.6 
 
 8 
 
 35 
 
 57 
 
 1 
 
 19.27 
 
 21.9 
 
 44.15 
 
 2.2 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 62 
 
 1% 
 
 12.9 
 
 14.8 
 
 39.4 
 
 2.6 
 
 50 
 
 58 
 
 67 
 
 1% 
 
 13.4 
 
 22 
 
 38.2 
 
 2.6 
 
 8 
 
 35 
 
 57 
 
 1 
 
 .3 
 
 24.4 
 
 27.6 
 
 3.5 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 67 
 
 % 
 
 28.7 
 
 17.9 
 
 49 
 
 1.3 
 
 9 
 
 86 
 
 55 
 
 IVo, 
 
 9.66 
 
 21 
 
 33.3 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 29 
 
 63 
 
 1 
 
 22.4 
 
 27 
 
 54.9 
 
 1.8 
 
 20 
 
 82 
 
 98 
 
 2 
 
 16.76 
 
 41.6 
 
 61.65 
 
 1.6 
 
 9 
 
 47 
 
 119 
 
 1% 
 
 10.79 
 
 17.63 
 
 30.7 
 
 3.25 
 
 7 
 
 36 
 
 57 
 
 1 
 
 1.8 
 
 22.6 
 
 27.5 
 
 3.6 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 63 
 
 % 
 
 8 
 
 20.8 
 
 31.8 
 
 3.14 
 
 9 
 
 25 
 
 66 
 
 1 
 
 5.6 
 
 49.1 
 
 58.2 
 
 1.71 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 169 
 
 2 
 
 10.96 
 
 21.55 
 
 35.51 
 
 2.8 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 62 
 
 1 
 
 12.87 
 
 18.74 
 
 34.81 
 
 2.8 
 
 11 
 
 46 
 
 68 
 
 1% 
 
 7.75 
 
 21.84 
 
 34.1 
 
 2.93 
 
 16 
 
 29 
 
 80 
 
 m. 
 
 13.16 
 
 15.72 
 
 31.1 
 
 3.1 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 
 4.9 
 
 20 
 
 27.1 
 
 3.7 
 
 8 
 
 18 
 
 74 
 
 1 
 
 17.92 
 
 15.48 
 
 37.34 
 
 2.6 
 
 13 
 
 60 
 
 52 
 
 iy4 
 
 .3 
 
 24.4 
 
 27.6 
 
 3.5 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 67 
 
 % 
 
 38 
 
 54 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 27 
 
 % 
 
 21.1 
 
 30.2 
 
 55.5 
 
 1.8 
 
 14 
 
 66 
 
 95 
 
 1% 
 
 11.25 
 
 59.7 
 
 75 
 
 1.34 
 
 12 
 
 33 
 
 180 
 
 2y4 
 
 42.2 
 
 9.2 
 
 75.3 
 
 1.3 
 
 45 
 
 65 
 
 15 
 
 1% 
 
 16 
 
 10.2 
 
 49 
 
 2 
 
 47 
 
 33 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 4 Pie, Cheriy 8 
 
 4 Pie, Date Cream 10.31 
 
 51/4 Pie, Date Pumpkin 7 
 
 4 Pie, Lemon 7.94 
 
 5 Pie, Mince 15.09 
 
 4 Pie, New England Cream 6.42 
 
 3% Pie, Orange (1-6 Pie) 11.39 
 
 5 Pie, Pumpkin 3.25 
 
 5 Pie, Raspberiy 8.18 
 
 5% Pie, Squash 4.27 
 
 2 Pine Nut Roast 22.7 
 
 Va Pine Nuts 39.5 
 
 4 Pineapple, Fresh 5 
 
 5 Pineapple Juiee 
 
 31/4 Pineapple Sauce 57 
 
 4 Plums 1.2 
 
 2% Plum Sauce 1.1 
 
 V2 Popped Corn 12.5 
 
 2% Potato Cakes 6.3 
 
 3 Potato au Gratin 5.97 
 
 3 Potato, Baked Sweet 4.11 
 
 4 Potato Balls .- 4.5 
 
 3 Potato Cakes and Protose — . 5.6 
 
 4% Potato Chowder 2.7 
 
 3% Potato Loaf 4 
 
 21/4 Potato Croquettes 6.3 
 
 21/0 Potato Salad 4.56 
 
 3 Potatoes, Baked 3.4 
 
 3 Potatoes, Boiled 2.9 
 
 314 Potatoes, Browned 3.48 
 
 3 Potatoes, Cream Baked 3.7 
 
 31/4 Potatoes in Cream Sauee 3.2 
 
 414 Potatoes, Esealloped 3.6 
 
 31/4 Potatoes, Glazed — 3.5 
 
 2% Potatoes, Hashed 2.8 
 
 2% Potatoes, Hashed Cream 2.9 
 
 414 Potatoes, Hashed, and Poaehed 
 
 Eggs 11.7 
 
 2% Potatoes, Hashed Bro-wned.... 2.8 
 
 3 Potatoes in Jackets 2.9 
 
 3 Potatoes, Lyounaise 2.4 
 
 3 Potato and Celery Plash 2.66 
 
 31/2 Potatoes (creamed). Sweet .— 5.5 
 
 2% Potato Crociuettes, Sweet -- 3.36 
 
 31/4 Potato and Onion Hash 2.35 
 
 3 Potato and Rice Croquettes .. 3.1 
 
 314 Potatoes, Mashed 3 
 
 31/4 Potatoes, Mashed Sweet 3.5 
 
 3 Potatoes, Minced 3.02 
 
 31/0 Potatoes, New Creamed 3.2 
 
 3% Potatoes, New, with Peas .... 4.46 
 
 3 Potatoes, Parisian 2.3 
 
 3% Potatoes, Savory 2.2 
 
 31/4 Potatoes, Sliced in Cream .... 3.94 
 
 3 Potatoes, Steamed 2.9 
 
 1 Potato Rosettes 8 
 
 31/0 Potatoes, Stuffed 4.2 
 
 3 Potatoes, Sw^eet, Browned — - 4.11 
 
 1% Pressed Meat 23.9 
 
 2 Protose 22.8 
 
 220 
 
TliE BATTIiE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Sg.S 
 
 Dries P 
 
 'er Ounce 
 
 
 C 
 
 alories 
 
 Servet 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 fe 
 
 ■22 
 
 'o 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 CIS 
 
 12.17 
 
 6.22 
 
 31.4 
 
 3.1 
 
 53 
 
 48 
 
 24 
 
 m 
 
 30.1 
 
 7.6 
 
 57.7 
 
 1.8 
 
 61 
 
 91 
 
 23 
 
 1% 
 
 16 
 
 10.2 
 
 49 
 
 2 
 
 47 
 
 33 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 45.5 
 
 2.1 
 
 48 
 
 55 
 
 22 
 
 11/4 
 
 20.1 
 
 26.56 
 
 57.28 
 
 1.7 
 
 32 
 
 61 
 
 82 
 
 1% 
 
 31.36 
 
 7.93 
 
 52.9 
 
 1.9 
 
 32 
 
 75 
 
 18 
 
 11/4 
 
 19.4 
 
 17.3 
 
 61.2 
 
 1.64 
 
 50 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 11/4 
 
 16 
 
 10.2 
 
 49 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 135 
 
 33 
 
 1% 
 
 12.8 
 
 9.93 
 
 34.73 
 
 2.8 
 
 43 
 
 46 
 
 36 
 
 11/4 
 
 4.3 
 
 21.1 
 
 33.4 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 13 
 
 63 
 
 1 
 
 22.2 
 
 9.2 
 
 52.9 
 
 1.89 
 
 50 
 
 52 
 
 23 
 
 11/4 
 
 22.77 
 
 7.52 
 
 42.1 
 
 2.37 
 
 35 
 
 68 
 
 22 
 
 11/4 
 
 22.7 
 
 12.6 
 
 56.5 
 
 1.76 
 
 47 
 
 50 
 
 28 
 
 iy4 
 
 21.85 
 
 9.15 
 
 49.6 
 
 1 
 
 38 
 
 44 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 10.2 
 
 49 
 
 2.8 
 
 47 
 
 33 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 10.56 
 
 22.77 
 
 48.46 
 
 2.05 
 
 39 
 
 27 
 
 59 
 
 11/4 
 
 41.9 
 
 28.4 
 
 117.9 
 
 .78 
 
 31 
 
 29 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 17.5 
 
 17 
 
 47.3 
 
 2.1 
 
 59 
 
 84 
 
 82 
 
 2V4 
 
 2.5 
 
 9.7 
 
 53.6 
 
 1.8 
 
 53 
 
 71 
 
 26 
 
 1% 
 
 20 
 
 11.76 
 
 51 
 
 2 
 
 47 
 
 49 
 
 29 
 
 11/4 
 
 10.5 
 
 24 
 
 37.9 
 
 2.8 
 
 14 
 
 35 
 
 76 
 
 114 
 
 .3 
 
 43.9 
 
 45 
 
 2.2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 97 
 
 1 
 
 .3 
 
 26.4 
 
 27.5 
 
 3.65 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 21.8 
 
 20 
 
 46.6 
 
 2.1 
 
 13 
 
 58 
 
 54 
 
 11/4 
 
 32 
 
 19.12 
 
 57.56 
 
 1.75 
 
 22 
 
 112 
 
 66 
 
 2 
 
 23.5 
 
 30.38 
 
 58.83 
 
 1.7 
 
 16 
 
 80 
 
 104 
 
 2 
 
 22.1 
 
 19.63 
 
 45.98 
 
 2.1 
 
 14 
 
 72 
 
 64 
 
 11/0 
 
 23.3 
 
 66.75 
 
 97.2 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 60 
 
 170 
 
 21/2 
 
 15.3 
 
 34.7 
 
 54.7 
 
 1.83 
 
 12 
 
 42 
 
 96 
 
 IVo 
 
 .73 
 
 27.17 
 
 28.4 
 
 3.52 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 9.22 
 
 16.37 
 
 30.38 
 
 3.33 
 
 11 
 
 23 
 
 41 
 
 % 
 
 17.58 
 
 26.44 
 
 48.5 
 
 2.07 
 
 12 
 
 45 
 
 68 
 
 11/4 
 
 28.5 
 
 48.2 
 
 86.7 
 
 1.9 
 
 34 
 
 99 
 
 167 
 
 3 
 
 32.49 
 
 59.84 
 
 92.85 
 
 1.08 
 
 22 
 
 80 
 
 123 
 
 21/4 
 
 26.8 
 
 49.2 
 
 88.5 
 
 1.1 
 
 42 
 
 90 
 
 168 
 
 3 
 
 23.2 
 
 49.7 
 
 79.6 
 
 1.2 
 
 22 
 
 80 
 
 173 
 
 2% 
 
 22.67 
 
 48.9 
 
 79.93 
 
 1.26 
 
 28 
 
 77 
 
 170 
 
 2% 
 
 27 
 
 50.39 
 
 87.39 
 
 1.15 
 
 35 
 
 93 
 
 172 
 
 3 
 
 37.2 
 
 46.8 
 
 94.1 
 
 1.06 
 
 35 
 
 129 
 
 161 
 
 31/4 
 
 26.5 
 
 50.3 
 
 86.2 
 
 1.16 
 
 29 
 
 84 
 
 162 
 
 234 
 
 26.1 
 
 48.4 
 
 84.5 
 
 1.18 
 
 33 
 
 86 
 
 156 
 
 2% 
 
 .51 
 
 19.9 
 
 20.09 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 71 
 
 % 
 
 .3 
 
 6.7 
 
 8.5 
 
 11.7 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 tV 
 
 8.8 
 
 88.8 
 
 100.6 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 88 
 
 1 
 
 5.8 
 
 57.6 
 
 65.4 
 
 1.53 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 176 
 
 2 
 
 2.6 
 
 14.7 
 
 19.3 
 
 5.2 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 57 
 
 % 
 
 
 14.7 
 
 15.9 
 
 6.3 
 
 4 
 
 
 46 
 
 1/2 
 
 
 
 29.4 
 
 29.4 
 
 3.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 150 
 
 1% 
 
 
 
 23.7 
 
 23.7 
 
 4.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 11/4 
 
 2.2 
 
 27.5 
 
 31.3 
 
 3.25 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 88 
 
 1 
 
 
 22 
 
 23.2 
 
 4.3 
 
 4 
 
 
 71 
 
 % 
 
 .9 
 
 96.6 
 
 106 
 
 .94 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 92 
 
 1 
 
 20.7 
 
 24.07 
 
 49.28 
 
 2.02 
 
 13 
 
 63 
 
 74 
 
 IVo 
 
 .3 
 
 28.5 
 
 32.1 
 
 3.1 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 111 
 
 11/4 
 
 .34 
 
 39.72 
 
 43.94 
 
 2.27 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 182 
 
 2 
 
 18.9 
 
 23.1 
 
 48.3 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 59 
 
 71 
 
 11/. 
 
 11.61 
 
 21.8 
 
 36.39 
 
 2.7 
 
 16 
 
 64 
 
 120 
 
 2 
 
 6.04 
 
 35.6 
 
 45.7 
 
 2.2 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 78 
 
 1 
 
 8.7 
 
 48.2 
 
 67.2 
 
 1.5 
 
 19 
 
 16 
 
 90 
 
 11/4 
 
 4 Protose, Braized 13 
 
 3 Protose, Breslau of 19.9 
 
 2 Protose, Broiled 22.8 
 
 2% Protose Broiled with Miish- 
 
 room Sauce 17.5 
 
 3 Protose Creamed on Toast .... 10.6 
 2^2 Proitose, Ohipped in Cream .... 13.61 
 
 2 Protose Outlets 24.5 
 
 1% Protose Croquettes 22.8 
 
 4 Protos3 Fillet 12.06 
 
 3 Protose Hash 8 
 
 21/4 Protose and Mayonnaisie 21.6 
 
 3 Protose, Minoed on Toast .- 11.88 
 
 2% Protose, Panned 21.2 
 
 2 Protose Patties 18.6 
 
 2 Protose, Potted 22.8 
 
 2l^ Protose and Eice Croquettes 15.13 
 
 21/0 Protose Roast 47.7 
 
 414 Protose Eoast with Dressing.. 12.8 
 21/0 Protose Steak with Gravy .... 18.9 
 21/2 Protose Steak with Onion 19.24 
 
 3 Prune Fritters 3.4 
 
 21/4 Prune Marmalade 8 
 
 3% Prunes (Cooked) 8 
 
 2% Pudding, Baked Indian 4.8 
 
 31/2 Pudding, Bread 6.44 
 
 31/2 Pudding, Choeolate 4.95 
 
 314 Pudding, Cream Rice 4.25 
 
 2% Pudding, Bate 7.2 
 
 2% Pudding, Fig 4.7 
 
 31/2 Pudding, Sago 53 
 
 21/2 Pudding, Snow 4.78 
 
 214 Pudding, Apple Tapioca 4.5 
 
 31/2 Pufifs, Choeolate 9.9 
 
 2 Puffs, Cocoanut 9.52 
 
 31/4 Puffs, Corn 12.5 
 
 3% Puffs, Currant 6.6 
 
 2% Puffs, Fig 8.5 
 
 31/2 Puffs, Graham 10 
 
 31/2 Puffs, Nut 10.1 
 
 3% Puffs, White 9.4 
 
 3% Puffs, Whole Wheat 10 
 
 3% Quince Sauce 48 
 
 1 Radishes 1.5 
 
 1 Raisins 3 
 
 3 Raisins, Cooked 2 
 
 4 Raspberries, Fresh Black 2 
 
 31/4 Raspberries, Fresh Red 1.2 
 
 5 Raspberry Juice (Black) .... 
 
 5 Raspberry Juice (Red) 
 
 31/4 Raspberry Sauce, Black 1.6 
 
 31/4 Raspberry Sauce, Red 1.2 
 
 1 Rice Biscuit 8.5 
 
 3 Rice a la Carolina 4.41 
 
 4 Rice, Boiled 3.3 
 
 41/2 Rice, Browned 3.88 
 
 3 Rice and Cheese 6.3 
 
 514 Rice with GVeole Sauce 2.99 
 
 21/4 Rice Croquettes 4.08 
 
 2 Rice Cutlets 10.3 
 
 221 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Calories Per Ounce 
 
 Calories Served 
 
 <B CI- 
 
 
 % Rice Flakes 
 
 3 Rice Patties -nitli Sauce 
 
 2% Rice Patties 
 
 21/4 Rice and Peas 
 
 % Rice, Puffed 
 
 5 Rice with Raisins 
 
 41/4 Rice, Steamed or Creamed 
 
 5 Rice, Steamed and Raisins ...- 
 
 2% Rolls, Cocoanut 
 
 2 Rolls, Cream 
 
 2% Royal Scallop -.. 
 
 2 Rutabagas, Baked 
 
 4 Ruta-bagas, Mashed 
 
 11^ Salad, Apple and Celery 
 
 1% Salad, Apple, Cheese and Nut 
 
 21/4 Salad, Banana Cherry Sauce.. 
 
 11/4 Salad, Banana Mayonnaise.... 
 
 iy2 Salad, Banana and Walnut.... 
 
 1% Salad, Bean, String and 
 
 French Dressing 
 
 4 Salad, Beet and Bean 
 
 11/4 Salad, Beet and Lemon 
 
 21/4 Salad, Beet and Potato 
 
 4 f Beets in Aspic and Mayon- 
 naise 
 
 3 Salad, Beets and Mayonnaise 
 
 21/2 Salad, Berkley 
 
 2 Salad, Cabbage 
 
 2 Salad, Cabbage and Celery.... 
 
 2 Salad, Cabbage, Chopped 
 
 2^ Salad, Cabbage-Lemon 
 
 1% Sa.lad, Cabbage and Olive 
 
 2 Salad, Carrot 
 
 3 Salad, Carrot, raw 
 
 1% Salad, Carrot and Nut 
 
 2 Salad, Cauliflower 
 
 2 Salad, Celery No. 2 
 
 1 Salad, Celery 
 
 2 Salad, Celery No. 1 with 
 Mayonnaise 
 
 1% Salad, Celery Relish 
 
 % Salad, Cheese Balls 
 
 11/4 Salad, Chili Sauce 
 
 2% Salad, Cold Slaw 
 
 2% Salad, Combination Green .. .. 
 
 3 Salad, Cucumber Jelly 
 
 6% Salad, Cucnmber and Tomato 
 
 2^ Salad, Date and Apple 
 
 1% Salad, Date and Walnut 
 
 % Salad Dressing, French 
 
 % Salad Dressing, Golden 
 
 214 Salad, Egg Mayonnaise 
 
 1% Salad, Endive and French 
 Dressing -. 
 
 3 Salad, Filberts and Celery .... 
 •2 Salad, French 
 
 21/4 Salad, Fruit 
 
 3% Salad, Fruit a la Cream ......... 
 
 4 Salad, Fruit Macedoine N0.I-. 
 3 Salad, Fruit Macedoine No. 2.. 
 
 8.0 
 7.75 
 
 21.23 
 0.01 
 9 
 
 2.99 
 3.28 
 2.99 
 9.3 
 
 11.4 
 
 20.6 
 5.3 
 .6 
 2.26 
 9.41 
 1.5 
 3.4 
 5.34 
 
 .7 
 3.01 
 
 .97 
 4.27 
 
 3.1 
 3 
 
 .57 
 2.6 
 L93 
 1.9 
 
 .63 
 2.3 
 2.4 
 3.1 
 4.7 
 2.5 
 1.5 
 1.3 
 
 2.5 
 
 2.8 
 21.3 
 
 4.91 
 
 3.24 
 .9 
 .5 
 .8 
 
 2.5 
 
 5.9 
 
 
 
 4 
 13.37 
 
 1.1 
 4.59 
 4.5 
 1.98 
 1.3 
 .9 
 .9 
 
 .9 
 17.02 
 54.4 
 25.29 
 .8 
 .99 
 9.91 
 .99 
 52 
 22.5 
 52.8 . 
 29.9 
 2.8 
 4.27 
 59.2 
 1.9 
 18.3 
 40.3 
 
 96.6 
 14.4 
 40.5 
 28 
 92 
 
 25.98 
 21.18 
 25.9 
 64.1 
 83.5 
 14.9 
 64.7 
 2.7 
 26.16 
 39.44 
 32.5 
 26.41 
 20.7 
 
 106 
 
 33.9 
 115 
 
 59 
 101.8 
 
 29.96 
 
 34.37 
 
 28.9 
 125.4 
 117.4 
 
 88.3 
 
 100.9 
 
 6.1 
 
 32.69 
 108.7 
 
 35.9 
 
 48 
 
 66.5 
 
 .94 
 2 
 
 .83 
 1.69 
 
 .98 
 3.4 
 2.9 
 3.4 
 
 .8 
 
 .8 
 
 1.2 
 
 1 
 
 16.4 
 
 3.5 
 
 .94 
 2.78 
 2.06 
 1.5 
 
 51.7 2.3 54.7 1.8 
 
 17.7 5.2 25.91 3.9 
 
 .10 3.6 4.7 5.3 
 
 16.56 14.21 35 2.85 
 
 10.5 3.2 
 15 7 
 
 .72 22.4 
 15.66 8 
 15.55 
 18.2 
 2.35 
 
 72.6 
 14.3 
 30.2 
 81.2 
 19.7 
 61.8 
 .3 
 
 7.46 
 17.2 
 
 2.8 
 
 4.8 
 
 9.2 
 12.9 
 
 9.4 
 
 3 
 
 3.1 
 
 3.9 
 
 13.9 3.3 
 
 15 3.5 
 
 105.3 6.6 
 
 2.6 28.2 
 
 9.15 11.7 
 
 19.6 
 .3 
 10 
 
 5.8 
 
 34.8 
 
 198.07 
 
 8.5 
 30.66 
 
 15.8 
 
 34.92 
 
 3.8 
 
 3.9 
 
 3 
 
 3.8 
 
 45.8 
 58.6 
 
 2.85 
 45 
 
 1.46 
 
 4 
 15.91 
 18.9 
 
 2.53 26.8 
 
 12 
 .5 
 
 1.5 
 
 20 
 
 12.6 
 
 11.6 
 
 16.8 
 
 25 
 
 23.7 
 
 25.72 
 
 24.9 
 
 37.5 
 
 5.78 
 79.7 
 26.1 
 46.2 
 95.2 
 25.2 
 16 9 
 
 5.5 
 
 19.6 
 17.8 
 
 134.2 
 35.8 
 24.1 
 24.4 
 5.8 
 14.6 
 54.1 
 99.3 
 
 201 
 57.5 
 44.5 
 
 55.9 
 
 55.43 
 
 27.3 
 
 31.3 
 
 33.3 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 5.9 
 142 
 4.6 
 3.8 
 4 
 
 2.6 
 17.1 
 1.5 
 3.7 
 2.6 
 1.1 
 4 
 1 
 18.1 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 28 
 
 27 
 
 53 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 11 
 
 14 
 9 
 1 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 1 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 
 10 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 5.1 
 5.6 
 6.6 
 2.7 
 4.1 
 
 .5 
 26.3 
 6.8 
 1.85 
 1 
 
 .5 
 1.72 3 
 2.25 30 
 
 2 
 
 1.8 
 
 3.6 
 
 3.1 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 91 
 13 
 8 
 5 
 5 
 2 
 2 
 
 57 
 43 
 57 
 
 5 
 42 
 
 5 
 
 144 
 
 53 
 
 134 
 
 59 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 84 
 
 3 
 19 
 60 
 
 93 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 36 
 
 46 
 
 45 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 33 
 
 37 
 
 5 
 
 113 
 
 28 
 
 84 
 
 125 
 
 40 
 
 116 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 1 
 
 79 
 
 3 
 
 19 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 13 
 
 44 
 
 99 
 
 8 
 
 69 
 
 7 
 104 
 7 
 8 
 45 
 1 
 3 
 
 47 
 
 43 
 
 37 
 
 58 
 
 46 
 
 133 
 
 94 
 
 133 
 
 178 
 
 195 
 
 38 
 
 129 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 56 
 
 69 
 
 28 
 
 32 
 
 15 
 21 
 48 
 16 
 14 
 34 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 18 
 33 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 40 
 24 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 26 
 
 107 
 
 74 
 
 1 
 39 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 58 
 35 
 
 62 
 75 
 
 47 
 45 
 
 1/2 
 11/4 
 1 
 11/4 
 
 1/2 
 11/2 
 11/0 
 ]% 
 31/2 
 23/4 
 
 21/4 
 
 2 
 1/4 
 V2 
 
 11/2 
 % 
 1/2 
 
 1 
 
 5 1 
 
 20 1 
 10 i/s 
 30 % 
 
 % 
 % 
 1/2 
 1/2 
 % 
 % 
 Vs 
 
 11/4 
 1/2 
 
 11/4 
 
 11/0 
 1/2 
 
 1% 
 
 1/2 
 1/4 
 1 
 
 1/2 
 1/2 
 
 1/2 
 
 1 
 
 TTT 
 1 
 
 1% 
 11/4 
 1 
 
 1/2 
 1 
 
 1% 
 1/2 
 % 
 
 1% 
 1/2 
 % 
 
 222 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Calories Per Ounce 
 
 -3 in 
 M " e 
 
 1 Salad, Grape Catsup 2.66 7.6i 68 2 78 5 
 
 L/ f^l'^'^'-P^'^P*' '^2 .85 25.'l 26.'84 
 
 ZYi balad, Lettuce and Egg 6.86 41 1 94 .50 8 
 
 1% Salad, Lettuee with Lemon.. 1.1 .6 5 6 7 
 1% Salad, Lettuce and Mayon- 
 
 ^1/ o'l'^'f^;- .■■■• 2-7 22 3.8 28.5 
 
 /yo balad, Macedioine I.35 342 125 485 
 
 3 Salad, Mint Jelly " 38 ' 38 * 
 
 214 Salad, Nuttolene and Apple.. 4.9 10 29.5 44.4 
 
 1 i Salad, Olive, ripe (7) 2 69.1 5 76.1 
 
 2 Salad, Orange and Celery 1.3 1.2 19.4 22^04 
 
 2 Salad, Orange and Cocoanut.. 1.7 21.5 14.6 .37.9 
 
 3 ^ Salad, Peas and Celery 6.24 16.02 12.5 34.8 
 
 2 t Salad, Persian I.7 gg 34 7 453 
 
 414 Salad, Pineapple and Nut 7.46 73.4 9.62 90.54 
 
 2 Salad, Pineaj)'ple and Straw- 
 berry 1.7 34 21 5 26 6 
 
 21/2 Salad, Potato 4.56 25.77 ]5.0;i 45 39 
 
 2 Salad, Protose and Celery.... 23.66 67.73 12.56 103.9 
 
 1 Salad, Eadisli I.5 .3 q j g'g 
 
 2% Salad, Eoyal 11.6 38.4 6^2 56 2 
 
 214 Salad. Sliced or Chopped Beet 2.7 .3 8.6 116 
 
 1 Salad, Split Eail 14 67 19 100 
 
 1% Salad, String Bean 7 51.7 9.3 54 7 
 
 2 Salad, SumrneT 3.79 4.64 6.58 I5' 
 
 214 Salad, Tomato 85 36.8 4.1 41.9 
 
 21/i Salad, Tomato and Cucumber' 2.17 14.3 4^25 20^7 
 
 4 Salad in Tomato Cups 1.86 11.1 5.9 18.9 
 
 4 Salad, Tomato Jelly 3 29 1.77 9.21 142 
 
 3% Salad, Tomato Jelly Mayon- 
 
 , naise ;. 3.17 1.71 g.S 13 6 
 
 4 Salad, Sliced Tomato 1 l.i 46 6 7 
 
 2% Salad, Waldorf 5.29 36.1 35 96 3 
 
 1 i Salad, Water-cress 1.1 6 5 76 'l 
 
 2 Salad, Water-lily 15 33' 15 59' 
 
 21^ Salad, Vegetable 4.3 4.8 9.2 18 3 
 
 2 Salad, Wintergreen and Apple .20 .56 25.5 25 8 
 
 1% Salad, Yogurt Cheese 13.5 121.2 3.5 138 3 
 
 Vi Salad, Yogurt Cheese and 
 
 Celery 10.76 41.4 4.72 57 12 
 
 Salad Dressing: 
 
 V2 Mayonnaise with Oil 3 4 192.2 1.7 197 6 
 
 1% Mayonnaise, Cooked 6.87 67.1 2^85 76.8 
 
 1 Mayo-nnaise, Raw 2.1 196 1 1 19923 
 
 }Yj „ Yogurt ._ 3.1 90.2 3.9 97.3 
 
 1% Sandwich, Baked Bean 4.27 19.4 23.9 47.57 
 
 314 Sandwich, Cheese & Pineapijle 8.5 61.3 38.4 89" 
 
 314 Sandwich, Cheese & Tomato 8.9 62.5 37.4 89 
 
 1% SandM-ich, Cottage Cheese 11.2 33.9 37.6 82.8 
 
 2 Sandwich, Cucumber 5.8 38.6 32 9 775 
 
 1% Sandwieh, Egg 10 5o'.12 39".09 99'2 
 
 I'fj Sandwich, Fig 6.08 30.47 53.66 90.22 
 
 31/2 Sandwich, Fruit 6.5 33.7 59 992 
 
 11/2 Sandwieh, Jelly 7.4 38.'6 70.6 llfj'e 
 
 l-Yi Sandwich, Jelly and Lettuce 5.6 30.5 49 86 5 
 
 1% Sandwich, Lettuce 6.8 38.2 37 82 
 
 1% Sandwich, Nuttolene 8.7 42,1 40.4 91.4 
 
 1^ Sandwich, Peanut Butter 22.5 106.8 70.'9 200.1 
 
 1% Sandwieh, Protose Mayon- 
 naise 9 40.7 38.2 88 
 
 223 
 
 „_• 
 
 Calories Served 
 
 a.2o 
 
 
 
 
 inces 
 lie por 
 f 100 
 
 oteins 
 
 . 
 
 ll 
 
 ■i> 
 
 X ~ ° ,r 
 
 a 
 
 SM 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 
 
 '(I4 
 
 1.2 2 
 
 7 
 
 66 
 
 % 
 
 4 1 
 
 1 
 
 48 
 
 Vo 
 
 2.25 20 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 
 IV4 
 
 15 2 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 iV 
 
 3.5 5 
 
 38 
 
 7 
 
 V. 
 
 2 4 
 
 89 
 
 32 
 
 1% 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 2.25 10 
 
 23 
 
 67 
 
 1 
 
 1.3 2 
 
 91 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 4 4 
 
 4 
 
 42 
 
 v.. 
 
 2.6 3 
 
 43 
 
 29 
 
 % 
 
 2.8 18 
 
 46 
 
 36 
 
 1 
 
 2 5 
 
 27 
 
 93 
 
 1V+ 
 
 2.25 13 
 
 141 
 
 43 
 
 2 
 
 3.7 3 
 
 6 
 
 41 
 
 V. 
 
 2.1 10 
 
 0/ 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 .96 44 
 
 132 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 11.7 1 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 ^ 
 
 1.78 25 
 
 86 
 
 14 
 
 IV, 
 
 8.65 5 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 14 
 
 1 14 
 
 67 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 1.8 2 
 
 93 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 5.6 6 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 V, 
 
 2.3 2 
 
 86 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 5 5 
 
 34 
 
 11 
 
 v. 
 
 5.2 7 
 
 45 
 
 23 
 
 % 
 
 7 11 
 
 7 
 
 32 
 
 V2 
 
 7.3 12 
 
 37 
 
 26 
 
 % 
 
 16 4 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 % 
 
 1 12 
 
 131 
 
 82 
 
 234 
 
 1.3 2 
 
 91 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 2 30 
 
 67 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 5.5 6 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 V, 
 
 3.9 
 
 1 
 
 49 
 
 V. 
 
 .5 20 
 
 175 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 1.7 2 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 Vs 
 
 .48 2 
 
 97 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1.3 9 
 
 88 
 
 3 
 
 ] 
 
 .5 2 
 
 196 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 5 
 
 138 
 
 7 
 
 1% 
 
 2 12 
 
 62 
 
 76 
 
 Wo 
 
 1.1 30 
 
 210 
 
 130 
 
 3 
 
 1.1 30 
 
 210 
 
 130 
 
 3 
 
 1.2 20 
 
 61 
 
 69 
 
 1% 
 
 1.3 11 
 
 74 
 
 65 
 
 IV. 
 
 1 15 
 
 75 
 
 60 
 
 IVo 
 
 1.1 10 
 
 50 
 
 90 
 
 1V-. 
 
 1 23 
 
 118 
 
 209 
 
 31/. 
 
 .8 10 
 
 49 
 
 91 
 
 IVo 
 
 1.1 10 
 
 54 
 
 86 
 
 lu 
 
 1.2 12 
 
 71 
 
 67 
 
 IV. 
 
 1.09 14 
 
 70 
 
 66 
 
 IVo 
 
 .5 22 
 
 107 
 
 71 
 
 2 
 
 1.1 15 
 
 69 
 
 66 \y.. 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 .2 >■- 
 
 ffi rt fi 
 
 CD d<^ 
 
 3 i< 0) 
 
 i O to 
 
 lories Per Ounce 
 
 - °o 
 
 Calories 
 
 Served 
 
 
 
 ll 
 
 1^ 
 
 "3 
 
 O 
 en 
 
 500 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 fe 
 
 ll 
 
 •9 =3 
 
 1^ 
 
 PL4 
 
 56.5 
 
 44.7 
 
 109 
 
 .91 
 
 20 
 
 150 
 
 130 
 
 3 
 
 56.8 
 
 11.9 
 
 77.4 
 
 1.4 
 
 8 
 
 56 
 
 11 
 
 % 
 
 28.2 
 
 28.5 
 
 61.9 
 
 1.4 
 
 12 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 11/2 
 
 44.3 
 
 7.1 
 
 74.1 
 
 1.3 
 
 50 
 
 216 
 
 84 
 
 31/2 
 
 35 
 
 48.6 
 
 93.8 
 
 1 
 
 28 
 
 92 
 
 130 
 
 21/2 
 
 40.9 
 
 41.5 
 
 89.7 
 
 1.6 
 
 24 
 
 136 
 
 140 
 
 3 
 
 22.4 
 
 7.8 
 
 33.2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 51 
 
 17 
 
 % 
 
 13 
 
 8.9 
 
 25.9 
 
 3.9 
 
 8 
 
 26 
 
 16 
 
 % 
 
 32.6 
 
 13.5 
 
 53.1 
 
 1.88 
 
 18 
 
 76 
 
 31 
 
 1% 
 
 14.6 
 
 5.8 
 
 21.4 
 
 4.7 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 14 
 
 % 
 
 11.8 
 
 4.9 
 
 24.2 
 
 4.15 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 1/4 
 
 31.7 
 
 10.3 
 
 46.3 
 
 2.6 
 
 9 
 
 69 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 17.8 
 
 9.4 
 
 31.5 
 
 3.12 
 
 7 
 
 28 
 
 15 
 
 % 
 
 28.8 
 
 5.9 
 
 37.2 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 57 
 
 12 
 
 % 
 
 41.9 
 
 5.9 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 84 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 98.9 
 
 .57 
 
 102.1 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 18.28 
 
 18.28 
 
 5.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 V4. 
 
 37.6 
 
 5.58 
 
 45.4 
 
 2.6 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 % 
 
 22.9 
 
 9 
 
 35.6 
 
 2.8 
 
 7 
 
 50 
 
 18 
 
 % 
 
 10.50 
 
 5.42 
 
 22.12 
 
 4.52 
 
 14 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 % 
 
 11.5 
 
 7.2 
 
 21.2 
 
 4.9 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 52 
 
 % 
 
 17.15 
 
 5.51 
 
 23.7 
 
 4.2 
 
 2 
 
 37 
 
 11 
 
 % 
 
 30.71 
 
 3.93 
 
 36.15 
 
 2.16 
 
 2 
 
 43 
 
 5 
 
 % 
 
 30.7 
 
 3.9 
 
 36.1 
 
 2.76 
 
 3 
 
 64 
 
 8 
 
 % 
 
 83.3 
 
 11.6 
 
 109.2 
 
 .92 
 
 19 
 
 115 
 
 16 
 
 IV9. 
 
 37.3 
 
 43.6 
 
 81 
 
 1.2 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 27 
 
 % 
 
 20.4 
 
 20.1 
 
 44.3 
 
 2.2 
 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 V9. 
 
 49.2 
 
 10.14 
 
 64.2 
 
 1.6 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 % 
 
 25.5 
 
 21.2 
 
 50.6 
 
 1.97 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 21 
 
 % 
 
 53.1 
 
 71 
 
 1.26 
 
 .8 
 
 2 
 
 42 
 
 56 
 
 1 
 
 32.6 
 
 67 
 
 99.7 
 
 .72 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 134 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 37.3 
 
 37.3 
 
 2.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 % 
 
 4 
 
 80.6 
 
 81.2 
 
 1.23 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 49 
 
 % 
 
 44.39 
 
 59.1 
 
 106.3 
 
 .94 
 
 2 
 
 42 
 
 56 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 64 
 
 64 
 
 1.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 24.4 
 
 24.4 
 
 3.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 30.6 
 
 30.6 
 
 3.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 31.5 
 
 31.5 
 
 3.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 39.8 
 
 39.8 
 
 2.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 % 
 
 10.6 
 
 6 
 
 16,6 
 
 3.3 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 27 
 
 Vo. 
 
 4.70 
 
 69.5 
 
 74.7 
 
 1.3 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 48.2 
 
 46.9 
 
 98.4 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 74 
 
 71 
 
 1% 
 
 57 
 
 2.9 
 
 92.9 
 
 1 
 
 70 
 
 124 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 44.8 
 
 53.8 
 
 139.2 
 
 .7 
 
 80 
 
 89 
 
 106 
 
 2% 
 
 15.98 
 
 25.34 
 
 51.19 
 
 1.9 
 
 29 
 
 47 
 
 74 
 
 11/2 
 
 138.9 
 
 22.26 
 
 231.5 
 
 .43 
 
 82 
 
 235 
 
 33 
 
 31/2 
 
 70.1 
 
 7.1 
 
 115.4 
 
 .87 
 
 66 
 
 122 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 30.6 
 
 599 
 
 49.23 
 
 2.3 
 
 40 
 
 91 
 
 19 
 
 IVo. 
 
 1.3 
 
 13.4 
 
 18 
 
 5.6 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 56 
 
 % 
 
 3.2 
 
 12.8 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 51 
 
 % 
 
 20.8 
 
 26.1 
 
 49.5 
 
 2.1 
 
 8 
 
 63 
 
 79 
 
 1% 
 
 4 
 
 24.7 
 
 38. 1 
 
 26 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 65 
 
 1 
 
 5.1 
 
 17.2 
 
 28.38 
 
 3.5 
 
 26 
 
 22 
 
 77 
 
 1V+ 
 
 
 
 .5 
 
 3.3 
 
 30.2 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 6 
 
 2% Sandwich, Eibbon 7.4 
 
 1 Sandwioh, Eice Biscuit 8.6 
 
 214 Sandwich, Salad 5.07 
 
 3 Sandwioh, Yogiirt Cheese 10.1 
 
 2% Sandwich, Yoghurt and Jelly.. 10 
 1% Sandwich, Yogurt and Olives 7.3 
 
 SAUCES— 
 
 21/4 Bechamel Sauce 3.02 
 
 2 Brown Cream Sauce 4 
 
 2% Brown Cream Protose Gravy.. 7.4 
 2% Brown Sauce for Entries 1 
 
 1 BrowTi Nut Gravy 7.9 
 
 21/4 Celery Sauce 4.2 
 
 1% Cream Gluten Gravy 4.3 
 
 2 Cheese Sauce i 3.14 
 
 2 Creole Sauce -.... 2.3 
 
 1 Hollandaise Sauce 2.64 
 
 1 Mint Sauce 
 
 % Mushroom Sauce 2.18 
 
 21/4 Parsley Sauce 3.7 
 
 2% Protose Gravy 6.19 
 
 3 Tomato Sauce 2.5 
 
 214 Tomato Gravy 1.09 
 
 11/2 Brown Sauce No. 2 1.51 
 
 21/4 Brown Gravy 1.5 
 
 SAUCES FOE DESSEET— 
 
 1% Almond Cream 14.1 
 
 3/4 Apple Tart 2 
 
 11/4 Cocoanut 3.8 
 
 V2 Cream, Whipped 2.9 
 
 1 Custards 3.89 
 
 % Golden Sauce 2.4 
 
 % Hard Sauce 17 
 
 114 Lemon Sauce 
 
 % Meltose Dressing 1.1 
 
 1 Orange Fluff Sauce 2.68 
 
 11/4 Orange or Liquid Sauce 
 
 2% Peach Sauce for Flakes 
 
 214 Eed Easpberry Sauce for 
 
 Flakes 
 
 2% Strawberry Sauce for Flakes.. 
 
 11/4 Strawberry Sauce - 
 
 11/2 Vanilla Sauce 
 
 1% Brown Sugar Sauce 02 
 
 1% Lemon Sauce 3.2 
 
 2% Sanitas Steak-Tomato 32.3 
 
 2 Savory Eoast 40.6 
 
 3 Savory Spaghetti 9.86 
 
 1% Sanitas Cutlets with Ci'eam.... 54.3 
 
 2 Sanitas Cutlets 38.2 
 
 3 Sanitas Fi'ieassee :. 3.2 
 
 41/4 Scotch Brose, 3.3 
 
 4 Scotch Bran Brose 3.2 
 
 3 Slaw, Hot 2.74 
 
 4:% Soup, Bean 9.4 
 
 4% Soup, Black Bean 6.08 
 
 4% Soup, Bean Broth No. 1 2.8 
 
 224 
 
TIJE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Calories Poi' Ounce 
 
 .5>> 
 
 « is 
 
 d, ^ 
 
 Calories Served 
 
 o 
 
 4% Soup, Bean Broth No. 2 4.3 
 
 4% Soup, Kidney Bean 11.25 
 
 4% Soup, Lima Bean 6.58 
 
 4% Soup, Navy Bean 9.4 
 
 4% Soup, Bean Tapioca 2.17 
 
 4% Soup, Bouillon 6.99 
 
 4% Soup, Tomato Bouillon 8.62 
 
 4% Soup, Vegetable Bouillon 7 
 
 4% Soup, Brown 54 
 
 4% Soup, Cablbage (raw) 3.4 
 
 4% Soup, Celery and Tomato — . 2.7 
 
 4% Soup, Corn " Chowder 2.6 
 
 4% Soup, Com Chowder, Wash- 
 ington 2.5 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Almond 3.1 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Asparagus.... 3.24 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Barley 2.11 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Bean No. 1.. 6 OS 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Bean No. 2.. 6.7 
 4% Soup, Cream of Browned 
 
 Onion 3.11 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Cabbage 2.26 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Carrots 3.29 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Celery 2.86 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Chestnut 4.4 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Corn 3.5 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Dasheen 4.9 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Lentil 10.1 
 
 4% Soupi, Cream of Lettuce 5.37 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Lima Bean.. 6.76 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Okra 1.5 
 
 4-14 Soup, Cream of Oatmeal 3.39 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Peas 7.37 
 
 4% Soup,, Cream of Peas No. 1.... 5.9 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Potato 2.7 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Rice 2.9 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Rice and Al- 
 mond 5.8 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Scotch Pea.. 6.14 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Spinach 3.55 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Split Pea .... 6.3 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Squash 2.9 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Sweet Potato 4.68 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Tomato 2.8 
 
 4% Soup, Cream of Vegetable 
 
 Oyster 2.4 
 
 4% Soup, Creole 7 
 
 4% Soiip, Dasheen Tomato 69 
 
 4% Soup, Egg with Dumplings.. 2.58 
 
 4% Soup,, Fruit No. 1 15 
 
 4% Soup, Fruit No. 2 39 
 
 4% Soup, Fniit (raw) 26 
 
 4% Soup, Grolden Bouillon 1.29 
 
 4% Soup, Italian 1.3 
 
 4% Soup, Lentil 5.45 
 
 4% Soup, Lentil No. 1 5.6 
 
 4% Soup, Mock Chicken Broth.... 1 
 
 4% Soup, Noodle 2.2 
 
 4% Soup, Nut and Rice 1.27 
 
 4% Soup, Nut French 2.2 
 
 3.16 
 
 9.48 
 
 1.26 
 
 4 
 .4 
 28.11 
 
 7.96 
 
 4.3 
 
 .2 
 
 ll'7 
 
 3.8 
 
 7.8 
 
 11.2 
 23.17 
 18.33 
 14.76 17.16 
 15.2 14.1 
 12.6 15.2 
 
 11.58 
 21.38 
 24.16 
 24.7 
 
 8.9 
 
 5.1 
 
 4.77 
 
 7 
 
 5.24 
 
 5.8 
 
 6.3 
 12.2 
 
 10.8 
 3.87 
 4.57 
 
 21.34 
 10.85 
 16.1 
 19.02 
 18.3 
 18.5 
 15.57 
 12.6 
 28.85 
 14.4 
 5.6 
 13.26 
 12.95 
 18 
 19.2 
 17 
 
 20.8 
 
 14.6 
 
 22 
 
 14.6 
 
 10.3 
 
 8.35 
 5.76 
 
 8.22 
 
 4.7 
 15.4 
 10 
 30.9 
 22.2 
 
 9.68 
 21.69 
 10.2 
 
 9.2 
 18.49 
 13.2 
 
 9 
 
 8.8 
 
 8.6 
 14.1 
 
 6.45 
 14.5 
 
 21.4 
 
 19.1 
 42.1 
 32.1 
 38.1 
 11.5 
 40.2 
 16.37 
 18.3 
 6 
 21.2 
 12.8 
 22.6 
 
 24.5 
 
 30.15 
 
 26.14 
 
 24.03 
 
 35.38 
 
 33.1 
 
 32.8 
 
 18.87 
 
 27.6 
 
 26.58 
 
 38.1 
 
 32.12 
 
 50.56 
 
 45 
 
 43.9 
 
 42.82 
 
 17.4 
 
 25.9 
 
 38.81 
 
 37.1 
 
 30.9 
 
 28.7 
 
 34.5 
 34.84 
 32 
 35.4 
 34.6 
 
 5.2 22 
 2.37 53 
 3.1 
 
 2.7 
 8.7 
 
 31 
 
 25 
 10 
 
 2.5 34 
 6.1 17 
 5.49 29 
 
 18 2 
 4.75 17 
 7.8 10 
 4.8 11 
 
 4.6 12 
 3.31 16 
 3.82 16 
 4.1 12 
 2.85 29 
 3 26 
 
 3 15 
 
 5.29 13 
 
 3.62 15 
 
 3.7 13 
 
 2.6 
 
 3.1 
 
 1.9 
 
 9.5 
 
 2 
 
 2.3 
 
 6.3 
 
 3.9 
 
 2.8 
 
 2.7 
 
 3.2 
 
 3.48 
 
 20 
 16 
 25 
 45 
 24 
 32 
 5 
 17 
 32 
 28 
 13 
 13 
 
 2.8 
 2.8 
 
 21 
 32 
 3 16 
 2.83 31 
 2.6 15 
 13.34 17 53 35.56 2.8 23 
 20 5.96 28.76 3.4 10 
 
 21 
 4.3 
 14.18 
 34.37 
 .01526.8 
 .17 29.33 
 .28 21.35 
 1.66 4.82 
 3.9 3.5 
 3.37 13.27 
 
 4.6 
 7 
 
 1.72 
 4.19 
 
 .46 
 14.5 
 6.05 
 3.83 
 4.3 
 
 11.7 
 6.4 
 
 8.51 
 2.61 
 4.1 
 
 28 
 18.3 
 16.59 
 41.14 
 27.05 
 29.9 
 21.89 
 7.7 
 8.78 
 22.11 
 17.3 
 21.9 
 16.8 
 7.72 
 10.76 
 
 3.6 
 5.49 
 6.25 
 2.4 
 3.7 
 3 
 
 4.5 
 12.87 
 11.4 
 14.54 
 5.7 
 4.75 
 6.33 
 17.5 
 9.3 
 
 11 
 
 29 
 3 
 
 21 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 4 
 7 
 
 24 
 
 22 
 3 
 
 10 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 45 
 
 5 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 140 
 
 36 
 
 ]8 
 
 1 
 56 
 14 
 35 
 
 58 
 115 
 88 
 76 
 76 
 56 
 
 98 
 55 
 73 
 90 
 84 
 87 
 75 
 53 
 133 
 68 
 24 
 63 
 57 
 84 
 93 
 74 
 
 93 
 
 72 
 104 
 72 
 52 
 65 
 90 
 
 94 
 
 18 
 
 65 
 
 152 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 67 
 
 25 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 62 
 102 
 114 
 65 
 39 
 26 
 22 
 28 
 22 
 27 
 26 
 54 
 
 55 
 19 
 21 
 37 
 70 
 
 37 
 32 
 37 
 22 
 71 
 47 
 100 
 102 
 43 
 100 
 46 
 45 
 86 
 63 
 44 
 38 
 
 36 
 71 
 30 
 
 72 
 
 108 
 
 87 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 77 
 
 124 
 
 147 
 
 98 
 
 17 
 
 20 
 
 60 
 
 51 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 V/j 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 % 
 % 
 
 1/4 
 
 1 
 
 iVi 
 
 1V2 
 11/4 
 1V4 
 1% 
 11/0 
 
 11/2 
 
 1 
 
 11/4 
 11/4 
 1% 
 11/2 
 21/2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 % 
 11/4 
 1% 
 
 1% 
 11/. 
 11/4 
 
 11/2 
 1% 
 11/2 
 1% 
 1% 
 1% 
 
 11/4 
 % 
 % 
 21/2 
 1% 
 11/2 
 1 
 
 1/4 
 
 % 
 
 [ 
 
 % 
 1/4 
 ¥2 
 
 225 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Calories Per Ounce 
 
 fl-2o 
 
 o° 
 
 Pm 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^4 •« 
 CSrrt 
 
 o 
 
 Calories Served 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 4% 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 31/2 
 4 
 3 
 
 21/0 
 31/2 
 1/2 
 4 
 5 
 
 31/2 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 31/2 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 31/2 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 1/2 
 5 
 
 IV2 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 Soup, Oatmeal 
 
 Soup, Okra 
 
 Soup, Peas Consomme 
 
 Soup, Green Peas , 
 
 Soup, Peas and Potato 
 
 Soup, Potato Savory 
 
 Soup, Protose Broth 
 
 Soup, Split Peas 
 
 Soup, Split Peas Purees 
 
 Soup, Potato *. 
 
 Soup, Potato ChoiwdeT 
 
 Soup, Potato Chowder (new) 
 
 Soup, Saniterrapin 
 
 Soup, Savora Broth 
 
 Soup, Savory Dasheen 
 
 Soup, Savora Eioe 
 
 Soup, Spinach (raw) 
 
 Soup, Tomato Bisque 
 
 Soup, Tomato 
 
 Soup, Clear Tomato 
 
 Soup, T'omato and Macaroni.. 
 
 Soui>, Tomato Rice 
 
 Soup, Tomato Vermicelli 
 
 Soup, Vegetable 
 
 Soup, Vegetable Bouillon .... 
 Soup, Vegetable Consumme.. 
 
 Soup, Vegetable Oyster 
 
 Soup, Vegetable Oyster, Rev. 
 
 Spaghetti Cutlets 
 
 Spaghitti Milanaise 
 
 Spaghitti Earebit 
 
 Spaghetti and Tomato 
 
 Spinach 
 
 Spina/eh a la Bechamel 
 
 Spinach, Creamed 
 
 Spinach on Toast 
 
 Spinach Souffle 
 
 Squash, Baked 
 
 Squash, Steamed or Canned.. 
 
 Sticks, Cream 
 
 Strawberries, Fresh 
 
 Strawberry Juice 
 
 Strawberry Sauoe 
 
 String Beans with Cream 
 
 Succotash 
 
 Sugar (Granulated) 
 
 S\^ass Chard 
 
 Sweet Potatoes (Cooked) .... 
 
 Tangerines 
 
 Toast, Apple 
 
 Toast, Apricot 
 
 Toast, Asparagus Cream 
 
 Toast, Banana 
 
 Toast, Blackberry 
 
 Toast, Blueberry 
 
 Toast, Breakfast 
 
 Toast, Cherry 
 
 Toast, Cinnamon 
 
 Toast, Cream 
 
 Toast, Cream Celery 
 
 3.9 
 
 .8 
 7.1 
 4.8 
 5.81 
 2 
 
 3.2 
 7.18 
 8.62 
 
 .88 
 2.7 
 2.7 
 2.3 
 
 
 .14 
 
 .11 
 3.34 
 3.1 
 2 
 
 3.1 
 
 1.15 
 
 1 
 
 5.4 
 .96 
 
 5.7 
 
 2.1 
 .38 
 .36 
 13.82 
 
 6.7 
 
 7.6 
 
 5 
 
 3.3 
 
 3.4 
 
 3.5 
 
 5.3 
 
 6.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 1 
 10 
 
 1.2 
 
 
 .9 
 
 2.34 
 
 9.25 
 
 
 
 2.5 
 
 3.5 
 .9 
 
 1.4 
 
 2.2 
 
 4 
 
 3.2 
 
 1.86 
 
 1.95 
 11.4 
 
 2.2 
 13.9 
 
 4.15 
 
 5.47 
 
 40.8 
 .44 
 5.2 
 
 14.5 
 
 14.25 
 
 5.2 
 
 .9 
 
 1.85 
 
 15.2 
 2.41 
 
 17 
 
 15.2 
 9.91 
 2.5 
 4.57 
 2.46 
 
 14.38 
 
 10.5 
 2.3 
 
 7.8 
 6.9 
 5.71 
 
 14.7 
 2.8 
 8.6 
 7.8 
 
 17.13 
 7.5 
 2.9 
 
 18.7 
 
 24.7 
 7.2 
 
 10.4 
 
 11.5 
 2.96 
 1.5 
 .63 
 .9 
 5.29 
 2.4 
 6.4 
 8.9 
 2.97 
 4.8 
 4 
 6.9 
 
 .78 21.1 
 
 .5 
 10.7 
 
 6-2 
 28.49 
 44.6 
 18.6 
 
 3.86 
 
 1 
 17.6 
 13.7 
 28 
 19.3 
 
 2.2 
 
 1.3 
 .9 
 
 1.6 
 
 
 
 1 
 20.35 
 
 7.7 
 1.41 
 1.41 
 32.35 
 25.3 
 8.8 
 17.16 
 4.93 
 6.58 
 5.9 
 18.7 
 6.7 
 16 
 12.3 
 89.2 
 8.6 
 24.5 
 22.7 
 3.15 
 15.42 32.65 
 
 116.6 
 10.9 3 
 
 5.6 49.1 
 .5 13.5 
 
 3.48 27.2 
 
 2.7 27.1 
 
 22 
 15.9 
 5.7 
 
 65.9 
 22.4 
 34.8 
 
 9.23 23.9 
 27.5 86.2 
 
 4.5 
 29.3 
 29.9 
 32.38 
 
 35.8 
 31.2 
 13.6 
 21 
 
 59.4 
 
 3.6 
 20.9 
 27.2 
 37.19 
 14.7 
 
 7 
 27.1 
 48.5 
 10.5 
 30.1 
 29.5 
 15.2 
 
 4 
 
 5.34 
 
 3.47 
 23.1 
 16 
 10.7 
 19 
 
 4.8 
 13.6 
 16.3 
 13.5 
 26.8 
 11,3 
 11.86 
 
 7.79 
 74.6 
 76.5 
 35 
 26.02 
 
 9.3 
 27.7 
 22.39 
 52.1 
 32.4 
 19.8 
 14.6 
 100.1 
 11.4 
 24.5 
 24.6 
 25.84 
 57.34 
 116.6 
 16.4 
 58.2 
 14.9 
 32.08 
 32 
 100 
 41.5 
 42.36 
 35.08 
 125.1 
 41.8 
 74.4 
 47.65 
 58.9 
 
 1.66 
 17.5 
 
 4.75 
 
 3.6 
 
 2.8 
 
 6.8 
 14.2 
 
 3.6 
 
 2.1 
 
 2.3 
 
 3.3 
 
 3.5 
 
 6.5 
 
 2.5 
 18 
 18 
 
 4.34 
 
 6.2 
 
 2.3 
 
 5.2 
 20.8 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7.4 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 34 
 
 21 
 
 27 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 34 
 
 38 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 3.72 17 
 .9 12 
 
 8.7 
 14 
 
 1.3 
 
 1.7 
 .33 
 
 3.9 
 10.7 
 
 3.4 
 
 4.69 
 
 i.9 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6.8 
 
 1 
 
 8.7 
 
 4.1 
 
 4.07 
 
 3.48 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 41 
 
 25 
 
 22 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 1.74 28 
 
 .9 
 6.9 
 1.7 
 6.9 
 3.12 
 3.1 
 1 
 
 2.4 
 2.35 
 2.8 
 
 .8 
 2.3 
 1.3 
 2.1 
 1.6 
 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 205 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 68 
 
 67 
 
 26 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 71 
 
 11 
 
 86 
 
 77 
 
 50 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 17 
 
 62 
 
 50 
 
 11 
 
 36 
 
 3 
 
 43 
 
 32 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 44 
 
 20 
 
 86 
 
 175 
 
 53 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 88 
 
 47 
 
 110 
 
 59 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 46 
 
 77 
 
 26 
 
 46 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 143 
 
 137 
 
 75 
 14 
 41 
 36 
 81 
 38 
 11 
 83 
 
 116 
 
 35 
 
 51 
 
 58 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 23 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 47 
 
 17 
 
 26 
 
 19 
 
 26 
 
 80 
 
 36 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 98 
 
 100 
 25 
 49 
 13 
 17 
 18 
 70 
 21 
 40 
 42 
 44 
 38 
 
 125 
 69 
 8 
 99 
 25 
 15 
 
 169 
 68 
 
 132 
 
 128 
 66 
 
 110 
 
 167 
 
 119 
 34 
 
 170 
 44 
 64 
 90 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1% 
 
 1% 
 % 
 1/4 
 
 1% 
 
 21/4 
 1/2 
 
 1% 
 
 11/2 
 % 
 1/4 
 1/4 
 1/4 
 
 1 
 % 
 1/2 
 
 1 
 1/4 
 % 
 % 
 1/2 
 
 1 
 
 1/2 
 1/2 
 1/4 
 
 21/4 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 % 
 
 11/4 
 % 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1/2 
 ¥2 
 1/2 
 
 11/4 
 % 
 % 
 
 1% 
 1/4 
 1/4 
 
 2 
 
 % 
 1% 
 11/2 
 11/4 
 2 
 2 
 1% 
 
 1/2 
 2 
 1 
 
 21/4 
 21/2 
 
 226 
 
THE batti;e cheek sanitarium 
 
 .2 !>■- 
 
 a. 5 
 
 S t< O) 
 
 Ciilorics Per Ounc( 
 
 j.^ Calories Served 
 
 K *2 -s o i 
 
 414 Toast, Cream Okra 2.1 
 
 2V2 Toast, Egg on 14.1 
 
 41/^ Toast, French Apple 4.65 
 
 5 Toast, Gra/pe 1.14 
 
 5 Toast, Gravy 4.47 
 
 4% Toast, Onions on 4 
 
 5 Toast, Peaeh 1.5 
 
 5 Toast, Prune 1.86 
 
 5 Toast, Red Raspberry 2.2 
 
 11/' Toast, Russian 14.5 
 
 5 Toast, Snow Flake 5.09 
 
 5 Toast, Strawberry 1.95 
 
 5 Toast, Tomaito 2.26 
 
 3 Toast, Baked Tomatoes on.... 4.7 
 
 4 Toast, Tomato Cream 5.16 
 
 6 Toast, Creamed Turnips on....' 3.4 
 
 5 Toast, Yogurt Cbeese 3.96 
 
 3^2 Tomatoes, Breaded 1.3 
 
 21/^ Tomatoes, Stewed or Canned 1.4 
 
 5 " Tomatoes, Stuffed 1.63 
 
 4 Tomatoes, Sliced 1 
 
 4 Txirkish Pilaf 3.9 
 
 3 Turnips, Creamed - 2.18 
 
 3 Turnips in Drawn Butter 
 
 Sauce 6 
 
 4 Turnips, Mashed 6 
 
 11/, VaniUa Egg-Nog ..- 20.6 
 
 2% Vegetf^ble Hash 2.5 
 
 2% Vegetable Oysters, Creamed.. 2.14 
 
 3 Vegetable Oysters, Escalloped 2.5 
 
 1% Vegetable Oyster Fritter 3.6 
 
 2i/> Vegetarian Hajn 11.5 
 
 41/^ Vitos - - 2.9 
 
 2% Walnut Roast - 9.5 
 
 11/4 Watercress 1.4 
 
 8 Watermelon 5 
 
 31/. Wlieat Brose 1.7 
 
 5% Wheat, Cracked - 3.3 
 
 % Wheat Flakes, Toasted 11 
 
 4 Wheat Grits (Cooked) 2.1 
 
 5% Wheat, Hulled 3.3 
 
 7 Whey 1-2 
 
 1/2 Whipped Cream 2.9 
 
 1 Whole-wheat Wafers or 
 
 Crackers 11.4 
 
 6 Yogurt Buttermilk - 4 
 
 1 Zwieback 11.4 
 
 28.4 
 
 18.2 
 9.73 
 2.63 
 
 23.57 
 6.4 
 2.45 
 3 
 2.7 
 
 64.9 
 
 23.17 
 3.65 
 3.2 
 9.6 
 
 28.8 
 
 10.7 
 
 28 
 4.5 
 .5 
 8.94 
 1.1 
 1.42 
 4.6 
 
 15.3 
 
 2.8 
 
 .8 
 
 7.1 
 
 12.76 
 
 13.7 
 
 22.5 
 
 30^2 
 
 1.3 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 3.9 
 
 1 
 1 
 .8 
 49.3 
 
 26 
 
 .8 
 26.4 
 
 6.2 
 
 25.3 
 
 27.4 
 
 32.8 
 
 16.72 
 
 21.2 
 
 24.3 
 
 32.38 
 
 28.4 
 
 9.9 
 
 14.64 
 
 29.05 
 
 16.2 
 
 20.2 
 
 21.4 
 
 16.4 
 
 13.9 
 
 7.9 
 
 4.7 
 
 8.72 
 
 4.6 
 
 26.8 
 
 10.9 
 
 3.49 
 2.7 
 
 38.8 
 17.4 
 
 6.17 
 
 8.3 
 18.7 
 
 6 
 23.7 
 22.5 
 
 3.4 
 
 7.8 
 12.6 
 22 
 88.9 
 15.3 
 22 
 
 5.8 
 10.14 
 
 36.8 
 
 57.7 
 
 41.78 
 
 36.57 
 
 44.5 
 
 31.6 
 
 28.3 
 
 37.24 
 
 33.4 
 
 89.4 
 
 42.9 
 
 34.65 
 
 21.66 
 
 34.6 
 
 55.4 
 
 30.7 
 
 45.9 
 
 13.7 
 
 6.6 
 19.3 
 
 6.7 
 32.13 
 17.7 
 
 19.39 
 6.1 
 
 60.5 
 
 27 
 
 21 
 
 24.5 
 
 44.8 
 
 47.7 
 
 27.9 
 
 72 
 5.6 
 8.8 
 
 15 
 
 26.3 
 103.8 
 
 18.4 
 
 26.3 
 7.8 
 
 62.3 
 
 84.5 121.9 
 
 6 10.8 
 
 85.8 123.6 
 
 2.7 14 
 
 1.7 36 
 
 2.3 16 
 
 2.7 5 
 
 2.25 25 
 
 3 15 
 
 3.5 8 
 
 2.6 
 
 3 
 
 1.1 
 
 8 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 2.34 21 
 
 2.8 10 
 
 4.6 
 
 2.8 
 
 1.8 
 
 3.2 
 
 2 
 
 7.3 
 15.1 
 
 5 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 5.6 
 
 5.15 
 16.4 
 1.6 
 3.7 
 4.75 
 4 
 
 2.3 
 2.2 
 3.5 
 1.4 
 17.8 
 11.4 
 6.5 
 3.8 
 
 .96 
 
 5.4 
 
 3.8 
 
 12.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 9 
 18 
 23 
 20 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 48 
 39 
 12 
 
 116 
 25 
 13 
 12 
 15 
 93 
 
 111) 
 19 
 14 
 35 
 
 130 
 61 
 
 138 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 47 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 42 
 
 25 
 
 79 
 
 4 
 
 112 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 79 
 
 66 
 
 120 
 
 158 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 129 
 
 155 
 
 148 
 
 14 
 
 69 
 
 146 
 
 77 
 
 72 
 
 97 
 
 94 
 
 68 
 
 28 
 
 18 
 
 45 
 
 17 
 
 105 
 
 31 
 
 9 
 11 
 64 
 49 
 15 
 25 
 22 
 16 
 86 
 62 
 7 
 67 
 42 
 
 126 
 64 
 62 
 
 126 
 
 5.6 40 
 
 20 4 
 
 .81 12 
 9.2 28 
 .8 11.4 
 
 11/, 
 11/2 
 1% 
 1% 
 21/4 
 11/4 
 11/2 
 1% 
 1% 
 
 ly* 
 2 
 
 1% 
 1 
 
 1% 
 21/0 
 1% 
 21/4 
 1/2 
 y4 
 1 
 
 y4 
 
 ly* 
 
 y2 
 
 V2 
 
 1 
 
 % 
 V2 
 % 
 V2 
 
 iy4 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 T(T 
 % 
 V2 
 
 lya 
 % 
 % 
 
 11/0 
 
 6 1/2 
 
 y4 
 
 27 
 5 
 26.4 
 
 86 1% 
 42 % 
 85.8 114 
 
 FLESH FOODS 
 
 31/, Beef Juice 5.42 1.71 7.13 14 19 6 
 
 21/^ Beef, Roasted (Fat) 18.14 136.85 155.26 .65 48 352 
 
 214 Beef, Round (Boiled, Lean).. 40.9 4.54 45.6 2.2 90 10 
 
 6 Bouillon 2.3 .3 3 3 33 23 1 1 
 
 314 Chicken (Broilers) 24.6 6.56 31.16 3.2 79 21 
 
 3% Clams 7.5 1.08 8.58 11.6 28 4 18 
 
 5 Cod Fish 19.3 1.02 20.32 4.9 95 5 
 
 2% Goose 18.1 95.4 113.5 .88 48 252 
 
 3 Halibut (Steak) 21.78 13.9 35.68 2.8 61 39 
 
 227 
 
THE BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 
 lories P 
 
 er Ounce 
 
 r-— ■ 
 
 
 Calories 
 
 Served 
 
 
 to 
 
 o -2 
 
 1^ 
 
 "3 
 o 
 
 «-S6 
 500 
 
 
 
 fi 
 
 -S 
 
 1^ 
 
 St3 
 Cm 
 
 79.7 
 
 
 
 105 
 
 .96 
 
 48 
 
 152 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 33.3 
 
 
 
 55.5 
 
 1.8 
 
 80 
 
 120 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 13.9 
 
 
 
 35.68 
 
 2.8 
 
 61 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4.8 
 
 
 
 23.82 
 
 4.1 
 
 39 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 V2 
 
 54.1 
 
 
 
 83.2 
 
 1.2 
 
 70 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3.23 
 
 
 
 10.43 
 
 6.8 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 V2 
 
 177.3 
 
 
 
 188.6 
 
 .53 
 
 12 
 
 188 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 65.4 
 
 
 
 90.3 
 
 1.1 
 
 56 
 
 144 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 84.5 
 
 
 
 103 
 
 .97 
 
 54 
 
 246 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 46.6 
 
 
 
 66.6 
 
 1.5 
 
 45 
 
 105 
 
 
 
 IVo 
 
 25.71 
 
 
 
 47.61 
 
 2.1 
 
 46 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 55.5 
 
 
 
 77.7 
 
 3.6 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Vo 
 
 59.1 
 
 
 
 83.2 
 
 1.2 
 
 29 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 11.2 
 
 
 
 41.6 
 
 2.4 
 
 73 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 Lamb ChofS (Boiled) 25.3 
 
 31/^ Lamb (Leg, Eoast) 22.2 
 
 3 Liver (Veal) - 21.7S 
 
 2 Lobsters - 19 
 
 2% Mutton (Leg, Boiled) 29.1 
 
 31/2 Oysters - 7.2 
 
 1 Pork (Bacon, Smoked Medium 
 
 Fat) 11.3 
 
 21/4 Pork (Ham, Boiled) -- 25.4 
 
 3 Pork (Loin, Chops) 18.5 
 
 214 Salmon (California) - 20.4 
 
 214 Shad - 21.9 
 
 1% Trout (Brook) - - 22.2 
 
 11^ Turkey 24.1 
 
 21/2 Veal (Leg, Boiled) 30.4 
 
 NUMBER OF FOOD UNITS OR CALORIES PER OUNCE OF VARIOUS 
 UNCOOKED FOODSTUFFS 
 
 None of these are served in the uncooked state. The value is given only 
 
 for the purjDose of comparison of actual food values. 
 
 Proteins 
 
 Almond Meal - 26.0 
 
 Ai'tichokes - 3.0 
 
 Asparagus - 2.1 
 
 Barley, Pearled 9.9 
 
 Beans (dried) - — .. 26.3 
 
 Beans, Butter (green) 11.0 
 
 Beans, Lima (dried) — - - 21.1 
 
 Beans, Soja 38.4 
 
 Beets - 1.9 
 
 Beans, String 2.7 
 
 Buckwheat - - - 7.5 
 
 Cabbage - — - - 1-9 
 
 Carrots , - 1-3 
 
 Cauliflower 2.1 
 
 Cocoa - :: -- 25.2 
 
 Cocoa, Sanitas - - - 25.6 
 
 Corn, Green - - 3.6 
 
 Corn, Parched (Gofio) 13.4 
 
 Cornmeal --- 1 0.7 
 
 Cornstarch - 
 
 Cranberries - .6 
 
 Egg Plant - 1.4 
 
 Farina - -- 13.0 
 
 Flour, Corn .— - 8.3 
 
 Flour, Graham - 15.5 
 
 Flour, Eye - 7.9 
 
 Flour, Sanitas Self-Eaising Gluten 20.0 
 
 Flour, Sanitas Self -Raising Gluten, 40 per cent 46.4 
 
 Flour, Wheat (Entire Wheat) 16.1 
 
 Flour, Wheat (Fine White) 9.2 
 
 Flour, Wheat (Gluten) 16.6 
 
 Flour, Wheat, (Pastry) 15.5 
 
 Flour, Wheat (Patent) ...- 12.6 
 
 Gooseberries - .5 
 
 Fats 
 
 Carbohydrates 
 
 Total 
 
 152.8 
 
 21.4 
 
 200.2 
 
 .5 
 
 19.5 
 
 23.0 
 
 .5 
 
 3.9 
 
 6.5 
 
 2.9 
 
 90.8 
 
 103.6 
 
 4.8 
 
 69.5 
 
 100.6 
 
 1.6 
 
 34.0 
 
 46.6 
 
 4.0 
 
 76.9 
 
 102.0 
 
 48.3 
 
 33.5 
 
 120.2 
 
 .3 
 
 11.3 
 
 13.5 
 
 .8 
 
 8.6 
 
 12.1 
 
 3.2 
 
 90.0 
 
 100.7 
 
 .8 
 
 6.5 
 
 9.2 
 
 1.1 
 
 10.9 
 
 13.3 
 
 1.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 8.9 
 
 77.1 
 
 44.0 
 
 146.3 
 
 76.7 
 
 44.5 
 
 146.8 
 
 2.9 
 
 23.0 
 
 29.5 
 
 22.4 
 
 84.4 
 
 120.2 
 
 5.1 
 
 87.9 
 
 103.7 
 
 
 105.0 
 
 105.0 
 
 1.6 
 
 11.5 
 
 13.7 
 
 .8 
 
 6.0 
 
 8.2 
 
 3.7 
 
 89.0 
 
 105.7 
 
 3.5 
 
 91.5 
 
 103.3 
 
 5.9 
 
 83.3 
 
 104.7 
 
 2.4 
 
 91.8 
 
 102.1 
 
 4.0 
 
 83.4 
 
 107.4 
 
 2.7 
 
 51.0 
 
 100.3 
 
 5.1 
 
 83.8 
 
 105.0 
 
 3.7 
 
 89.1 
 
 102.0 
 
 4.8 
 
 83.0 
 
 104.4 
 
 5.9 
 
 83.3 
 
 104.7 
 
 2.9 
 
 87.7 
 
 103.2 
 
 
 10.4 
 
 10.9 
 
 228 
 
TllK BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM 
 
 Proteins 
 
 Gluten Meal, (20 per cent) 18.4 
 
 Hominy 9.7 
 
 Koihl-rabi 2.3 
 
 Lemons 1.2 
 
 Lemon. Juice 
 
 Lentils 30.0 
 
 Macaroni 3.5 
 
 Mushrooms 4.1 
 
 Nut Meal 65.3 
 
 Oatmeal 18.8 
 
 Oats, EoUod 19.5 
 
 Onions 1.9 
 
 Parsnips 1.9 
 
 Peanuts 22.8 
 
 Peas (dried) 28.7 
 
 Peas, Oow (dried) 25.0 
 
 Peas, Green 8.2 
 
 Potato Meal 11.3 
 
 Potatoes -. 2.6 
 
 Prunes 2.5 
 
 Pumpkin 1.2 
 
 Eadishes 1.5 
 
 Eice 9.0 
 
 Spinach 2.5 
 
 Squash 1.6 
 
 Sweet Potatoes 2.1 
 
 Turnips 1.5 
 
 Vegetable Oysters or Salsify 1.0 
 
 Wheat, Cracked 13.0 
 
 Wheat Grits 12.3 
 
 Fats 
 
 Carbohydrates 
 
 Total 
 
 1.7 
 
 83.6 
 
 103.7 
 
 l.G 
 
 92.2 
 
 103.5 
 
 .3 
 
 6.4 
 
 9.0 
 
 1.9 
 
 10.1 
 
 13.2 
 
 
 
 11.4 
 
 11.4 
 
 2.7 
 
 69.1 
 
 101.8 
 
 4.0 
 
 18.4 
 
 25.9 
 
 1.1 
 
 7.9 
 
 13.1 
 
 90.7 
 
 12.8 
 
 108.8 
 
 19.2 
 
 78.8 
 
 116.8 
 
 19.5 
 
 77.2 
 
 116.2 
 
 .8 
 
 11.6 
 
 14.3 
 
 1.3 
 
 1.5.8 
 
 19.0 
 
 77.6 
 
 21.6 
 
 122.0 
 
 2.7 
 
 72.3 
 
 100.7 
 
 3.7 
 
 70.9 
 
 99.6 
 
 1.3 
 
 19.7 
 
 29.2 
 
 1.0 
 
 97.0 
 
 109.3 
 
 .3 
 
 2L5 
 
 24.4 
 
 
 
 85.8 
 
 88. 
 
 .3 
 
 6.1 
 
 7.6 
 
 .3 
 
 6.8 
 
 8.6 
 
 .8 
 
 92.0 
 
 101.8 
 
 .8 
 
 3.7 
 
 7.0 
 
 1.3 
 
 10.5 
 
 13.4 
 
 1.9 
 
 32.0 
 
 36.0 
 
 .5 
 
 9.5 
 
 11.5 
 
 5.3 
 
 4.1 
 
 10.4 
 
 4.5 
 
 88.1 
 
 105.6 
 
 5.3 
 
 88.7 
 
 106.3 
 
 229 
 
DATE DUE 
 
 
 
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