REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM SEE SPECIAL BOOKLET "INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT W.P.A." UNDER THIS COVER WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION MARCH 16, 1936 RHODE ISLAND STAT RAWWG BOARD INTERESTING FACTS about the WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION WORKERS 3,000,000 unemployed put to work. FARM-TO-MARKET ROADS Under construction are projects valued at $160,000,000, which will provide improved roads for millions of farmers. SCHOOL BUILDINGS 5,300 schools built or repaired. PUBLIC BUILDINGS (excluding schools) 4,200 structures erected or repaired. PARKS AND PLAYGROUNDS 5,000 parks and playgrounds constructed or improved. WATER AND SEWER SYSTEMS 6,300 plants built or repaired. CONSERVATION (flood and erosion control) 3,000 projects under construction. AIRPORTS 328 projects in operation. UTILITIES (electric) 130 systems installed or repaired. AMERICAN YOUTH 289,000 young people of high-school and college age being assisted to continue their studies. This keeps them out of the present over-crowded ranks of idle labor. A MORE DETAILED SUMMARY IS PROVIDED ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES SUMMARY THE WORKS PROGRAM Sec page i. The Works Program is a consolidation of the emergency work activities of the Federal Government. It is financed by funds appropriated under the Emer- gency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, which gave expression to the policy that, in place of direct relief, aid for the unemployed was to take the form of useful public work. Under this program over 3,850,000 persons were employed at the end of February. WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION PROJECTS See pages t, 2, The W. P. A. is conducting 69,000 projects throughout the country. Seventy- 2 5~37» 81 • nine percent of the 3,850,000 workers are employed on these projects. LABOR AVAILABLE See pages 3, 4, Construction projects account for over four-fifths (81 percent) of the total 20-23, 26-28. value of W. P. A. projects selected for operation. Four-fifths of the persons on relief rolls eligible for employment under the Works Program were manual and unskilled workers. Relatively these workers are more numerous on the relief rolls than in the general population, in which they compose less than three-fifths of the total number gainfully employed. This composition of the available labor supply is reflected in the program by the predominance of construction projects which require a large supply of manual and unskilled labor. "White collar" workers, on the other hand, are less than half as numerous in the relief population as in the general population. Accordingly, as the table on page 27 shows, only 7.3 percent of W. P. A. money is being used on "white collar" projects. SPONSORS See pages 19, Four out of every five W. P. A. dollars go directly into workers' wages. Local 26-29. governing bodies contribute approximately 19 percent (amounting to almost 222 million dollars) of the value of W. P. A. projects selected for operation. These contributions consist chiefly of materials, thus permitting development of substantial projects without diverting too large a proportion of Federal funds from the major purpose of providing wages for workers. [3] CONSTRUCTION See pages 26- Almost three quarters of all W. P. A. projects are for the four major types of 2 9> 33- public improvements: 1. Highways, roads, and streets More than 23,000 projects, valued at $461,633,000 (over a fifth of which is being contributed by sponsors), and providing more than 83,000,000 man-hours of work per month (41 percent of the total), have been selected for operation. 2. Public buildings Nine thousand five hundred buildings, including over 5,000 schools, are being erected or repaired. These represent a cost of nearly $116,000,000, of which local sponsors contribute almost a quarter. 3. Water supply and sewers Disease caused by impure water and lack of adequate sanitation facilities is being checked at its source in many communities by the construction of nearly 2,000 water purification and supply systems, almost 4,000 sewer systems, and the prosecution of 2,300 sanitation and health projects. 4. Parks and playgrounds In the interest of health and recreation, nearly 29,000,000 hours of labor have gone for the improvement of almost 5,000 parks and playgrounds. 5. Other construction Work on 16 generating plants and the installation of 52 transmission lines has enabled many communities to provide more adequate electric facilities to their citizens. Over $65,000,000 is being spent for 2,989 sorely needed flood control and conservation projects, which will help to prevent a recurrence of the recent disastrous loss of life and property occasioned by floods. FARM-TO-MARKET ROADS See pages 27, Farm-to-market road work is providing improved means of transportation for 2 9' 3°- millions of farmers, making markets accessible for their produce, bringing schools within easier reach of their children, and enabling rural mail carriers to make more regular deliveries in rainy weather. Nearly 10,000 road projects, valued at $158,733,000 and amounting to 14 percent of the value of all projects selected for operation, are under construction. This program, of course, does not include work carried on under the Bureau of Public Roads. The bulk of Federal money spent on roads goes for pay rolls, since the 27 percent put up by sponsors for the most part takes care of materials. At the end of December over 360,000 men were working on farm-to-market road projects in 47 States. [4] AIRPORTS See pages 30, The airport program looks to the needs of the future. With air travel growing 3 1 - by leaps and bounds in the United States, the fields of today will be inadequate tomorrow. Heavier planes require larger and more durable landing fields. Emergency fields are needed off the main lines to cut the toll of accidents. Airports are being drained, filled in, and leveled, new runways added and old runways paved, hangars are being constructed, beacon lights installed, and markers put up. ART, MUSIC, THEATRE, WRITERS' PROGRAM See pages 22, Less than 1 percent of the persons on relief rolls have devoted their lives to the 33~34- arts. These people have neither the requisite skills nor the physical stamina to engage in construction. To provide suitable employment to those of the relief population normally engaged in artistic endeavor, a Nation-wide cultural pro- gram has been undertaken. Although only a small percent of the appro- priation is being spent for these projects, they were carefully selected with the aim of enriching the cultural life of the Nation. Writing, music, painting, and the drama have always been recognized as vital aspects of civilized life. YOUTH See pages 34- The National Youth Administration is helping to preserve the morale and self- 35- respect of 289,000 young people of high-school and college age who might otherwise increase the present overcrowded ranks of idle labor. One hundred and sixty-five thousand secondary-school students and 119,000 college students, as well as 2,900 prospective M. A.'s and 1,800 candidates for doctor's degrees, receive aid under this program. In addition to educational aid, the program includes youth work relief, job guidance and placement, apprentice training, and community activities. [5] SUMMARY OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN THE WORKS PROGRAM PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION See pages 39- The Public Works Administration has issued grants and loans of approximately 4 2 - $480,000,000 to State and community governmental organizations for con- struction work in which schools and other educational buildings predominate. Water-supply and sewer systems, municipal buildings, hospitals, and other public buildings follow in importance. Funds provided locally account for 35 percent of the total cost of more than $743,000,000. Housing projects now being carried on call for an expenditure of over $100,000,000 in Federal funds and will provide facilities for about 75,000 persons. CONSERVATION WORK Through the Civilian Conservation Corps nearly half a million young men are being provided with healthful employment in conserving and developing the Nation's natural resources. The table on page 43 bears eloquent testimony to the value of the work accomplished by this section of the Works Program. Over a million rods of fences have been built or repaired, almost 115,000,000 forest trees have been planted, harmful rodents have been controlled on over 5,000,000 acres of land, more than 900,000 man-days of labor have gone toward fire fighting and fire control, nearly 2,500 bridges have been constructed, and almost 500,000 soil-erosion check dams have been built. RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION See pages 45- Under the Resettlement Administration more than 333,000 destitute farm 47" families in all parts of the country were being assisted, as of November 30, in readjusting their debts, obtaining necessary capital goods, and the like. Plans are being perfected for the transfer of 20,000 families from submarginal lands (which will be devoted henceforth to forestation, grazing, and wildlife protection) to places better suited to agriculture. PUBLIC ROADS See pages 49- Under the Bureau of Public Roads of the Department of Agriculture 73,353 5 ° - persons were at work by December 28 on the construction of highways throughout the country. For grade-crossing elimination $200,000,000 has been appropriated, and $300,000,000 for other highway projects. EMERGENCY See pages 43- 44. [6] OTHER AGENCIES See page 51. Other governmental agencies, including the Departments of Agriculture, Com- merce, Interior, Labor, Navy, War, and Treasury, account for allocations of over $375,000,000 through December 31, 1935. See pages 60- The Corps of Engineers of the War Department is spending the largest portion 6 4- of this sum, with $88,000,000 going for dredging, channel improvements, and general improvement of inland waterways, and $42,000,000 for 34 flood-control projects. The Bureau of Reclamation of the Interior Department is using $82,650,000 of the total on irrigation projects. See pages 53- Allocations totaling $16,559,817 have been made to the Bureau of Entomology 55- and Plant Quarantine. The Forest Service has received allocations of $13,827,500 for fire prevention and control, shelterbelt and forest planting, and the development of fish and game preserves. The Soil Conservation Service is spending $21,000,000 to prove the value of erosion control to farmers. See pages 63- The Treasury will spend over $6,000,000 of its allocation on taxation studies; $5,263,995 on repair and construction of Coast Guard Stations and equipment ; and $3,450,000 on public health studies. The Navy's $17,345,470 goes for work on yards and docks. The Commerce Department will spend $10,207,944 on business census projects, improvements to fisheries and lighthouses, and tests of building material under the Bureau of Standards. Over $11,000,000 is allotted to the Rural Electrification Administration, $1,234,120 to the Veterans' Admin- istration, $211,500 to the Library of Congress, and $200,000 to the Alley Dwelling Authority of the District of Columbia. [7] S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1936 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/reportonworksproOOunit_0 REPORT THE WORKS PROGRAM WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Harry L. Hopkins, Administrator DIVISION OF RESEARCH, STATISTICS, AND RECORDS March 16, 1936 United States Government Printing Office - Washington, D. C. PREFACE More than 3,800,000 persons were employed under the Works Program by the first of March 1936. This report, in reviewing developments leading to the attainment of this goal, summarizes the expansion of the Program as a whole, the distribution of the available funds, the experiences of the participating agencies, and the provisions governing the operation of the Program. The major portion of the report reviews the progress of the Works Program through December 1935, while more recent develop- ments are presented in a section of the appendix. Detailed statistics covering the Program conclude the report. The responsibility of the Works Progress Administration for the presentation of this information was set forth in the Executive order estab- lishing it on May 6, 1935. The order included the following among the functions outlined for this Administration: It shall be responsible to the President for the honest, efficient, speedy, and coordinated execution of the Works Program as a whole. It shall formulate and require uniform periodic reports of progress on all projects. It shall formulate and administer a system of uniform periodic reports of the employment on projects. For the data relating to expenditures made and obligations incurred under the Works Program this report is indebted to the records of the Commissioner of Accounts and Deposits of the Treasury Department. CONTENTS Page I. SUMMARY OF THE WORKS PROGRAM 1 Basis of present relief policy 1 Survey and current status of the Works Program 1 Agencies participating in the Works Program 2 Occupational characteristics of employable persons on relief 4 Works Program procedures 4 II. THE BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE WORKS PROGRAM 7 III. THE PROGRAM IN OPERATION 11 Trend of employment 11 Financial aspects 13 Types of projects 16 Occupations of workers on relief 20 IV. WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION 25 Types of projects on the W. P. A. Program 25 Projects selected for operation 26 Farm-to-market roads 29 W. P. A. airway, airport, and aid to navigation projects 30 Purchases of materials, supplies, and equipment for use on W. P. A. projects 31 Earnings on W. P. A. projects 33 Art, music, theatre, and writers' program 33 National Youth Administration 34 The Coordinating Committee 36 V. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION 39 Non- Federal Division 39 Housing Division 41 VI. EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK 43 VII. RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION. 1 45 VIII. BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS 49 IX. OTHER AGENCIES 51 Department of Agriculture 51 Department of Commerce 57 Department of Interior 58 Department of Labor 62 Navy Department 63 Treasury Department 63 War Department 64 Alley Dwelling Authority 66 Library of Congress 66 Rural Electrification Administration 66 Veterans' Administration 67 APPENDIX A. STATUTORY AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM 71 The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 71 Executive orders 71 Project approval procedure 76 Operating procedures relating to employment 78 APPENDIX B. THE WORKS PROGRAM— JANUARY 1 TO FEBRUARY 29, 1936 81 Employment 81 Status of funds 82 APPENDIX C. STATISTICAL SUPPLEMENT 83 INDEX 103 v CHAPTER 1. SUMMARY OF THE WORKS PROGRAM BASIS OF PRESENT RELIEF POLICY The Works Program, under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, marks a new phase in Federal relief policy. The Program is based on the concept that the aid to the destitute unemployed should be given in the form of useful work instead of relief grants. Work provided under the Program has taken the place of Federal grants for direct relief to a large part of the destitute unemployed who are able to work. At the same time dependent persons, unable to work, became the responsibility of State and local governments assisted through grants-in-aid as provided under the Federal Social Security Act. Relief requirements arising from unemployment are primarily Nation-wide in scope. Because the causes of unemployment are not of local origin or within the bounds of local control, and because State and local financial resources are not geared to meet the need resulting from large-scale industrial unemployment, Federal assumption of responsibility for aid to the employable destitute becomes imperative. With the cessation of grants to States for direct relief purposes, the present Federal relief problem centers around the 3,800,000 employable members of families and single persons now employed under the new Works Program. This problem is intimately connected with employment opportunities in private industry, and governmental aid will be necessary as long as prolonged mass unemployment persists. SURVEY AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE WORKS PROGRAM Employment. — By December 1935 the initial objec- tive of the Works Program had been attained in the employment of about 3,500,000 persons. At the same time final grants for direct relief were made to the States by the Federal Emergency Relief Administra- tion. During January and February employment continued to increase, reaching a total of 3,850,000 by the end of February. Employment under the Pro- gram is distributed throughout the country in accord- ance with the severity of the relief problem, the size of the program in each State being adjusted to the number of destitute unemployed persons in that State. The present Works Program represents a combina- tion and coordination of almost all Federal agencies engaged in public work. Agencies supervising the operation of work projects include the W^orks Progress Administration, the Public Works Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Resettlement Ad- ministration, the Rural Electrification Administration, and the regular Departments of the United States Government. Of the 3,853,000 persons at work on February 29, 1936, 3,039,000 or almost 80 percent of the total were employed by the Works Progress Administration. Another 12 percent, or more than 459,000 persons were Works Program Employment THROUGH FEBRUARY 29, 1936 MILLIONS OF PERSONS 4 1936 Works Projr* AdminDlrjtion IT50 engaged in Emergency Conservation Work, largely in the Civilian Conservation Corps. The remaining 355,000 workers were employed on projects under the supervision of 40 other Federal agencies. Works Program employment, by agencies February 29, 1936 Total 3, Works Progress Administration 3, Emergency Conservation Work (C. C. C.) Public Works Administration Resettlement Administration Department of Agriculture: Bureau of Public Roads All other Department of Commerce Department of Interior: Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration All other Department of Navy Department of Treasury Department of War All other agencies 853, 000 039, 000 459, 000 41, 000 1 47, 000 68, 000 60, 000 18, 000 30, 000 6, 000 1 7, 000 11, 000 54, 000 3, 000 » Not including families assisted under the Rural Rehabilitation Program. 2 WORKS PROGRESS It is expected that the February 29 employment will represent the approximate peak of emplo\ men! for the Works Program as a whole. As seasonal work in agri- culture, in private construction, and in other industries opens up in the spring;, the need for employment under the Works Program will decline. During this period, however, the work of the Bureau of Public Roads, the Public Works Administration and most of the other agencies will also expand materially. Many workers now employed by the Works Progress Administration are expected to secure jobs either in private employ- ment or with other agencies operating under the Works Program during the coming months. It is expected that, as the result of these factors, employment under the Works Progress Administration will be reduced from over 3,000,000 employees at the end of February to approximately 2,300,000 by the end of June. Allocations and expenditures. — Under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 a total of $4,880,000,- 000 was made available for the Works Program. Of this sum, $4,000,000,000 was appropriated directly by the act, while a sum not to exceed $880,000,000 was provided from various unexpended balances of pre- vious appropriations. The act placed limitations upon the amount to be expended under each of a number of specific classes, subject to alteration solely by the President whose changes w ere restricted to an increase of not more than 20 percent of the total appropriation. Through December 31, 1935, the President had ap- proved and the Comptroller General countersigned warrants for allocations totaling $4,236,981,642. Al- most 3 billion dollars of this amount had been allocated specifically for work projects, while the remainder went largely for relief, although a portion was used for ad- ministrative purposes, employee compensation, and the purchase of land. During the first 9 weeks of 1936 additional warrants amounting to $169,355,407 were countersigned, bringing the total allocations on Febru- ary 29 up to $4,406,337,049. Reports from the Treasury indicate that more than a third of the amount available had been expended by the end of 1935. Checks totaling slightly more than $1,672,000,000 had been issued up to that time. By the end of February expenditures had increased to $2,210,000,000 or approximately half the total amount allocated. The bulk of these expenditures had been made by three independent agencies — the Federal Emer- gency Relief Administration, the Works Progress Administration, and Emergency Conservation Work (C. C. C). More than three-quarters of the total Works Program expenditures charged against the reg- ular executive departments of the Government were made by the Department of Agriculture and the War 1 )epartment . ADMINISTRATION AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN THE WORKS PROGRAM Numerous Federal agencies have cooperated in the successful operation of the Works Program. The work programs of the regular Departments were con- tinued on an expanded basis and the Civilian Con- servation Corps (Emergency Conservation Work) and the Public Works Administration were brought within the framework of the general program. The new agencies created with authority to operate work- projects were the Works Progress Administration, the National Youth Administration, the Resettlement Administration, and the Rural Electrification Admin- istration. To assist in administering the program, the Advisorv Committee on Allotments was organized to advise the President on allocations during the early months of the Program. The United States Employment Service was made responsible for the registration and initial assignment of persons to work projects. The deter- mination of eligibility and the certification of persons from the relief rolls for employment on the Program was the responsibility of State Relief Administrations and Departments of Public Welfare. Accounting for funds, disbursing funds and purchasing materials and supplies became the responsibility of the Department of the Treasury. The Works Progress Administration was assigned two major functions by the Executive order creating it on May 6, 1935. The W. P. A. has responsibility for the "honest, efficient, speedy, and coordinated execution of the work relief program as a whole", as well as authority to carry out an extensive work pro- gram under its own direct supervision. The W. P. A. has set up State Administrations in every State, charged with carrying out the Program in the States. Projects of the W. P. A. are initiated by cities, counties, towns, or other public agencies. Applica- tions for projects are submitted by a local govern- mental agency, called a sponsor, to the District and State offices of the W. P. A. If approved by the State Works Progress Administration office, the projects are forwarded to Washington for approval or disapproval by the Federal Works Progress Adminis- tration and by the President. Through February 29, 1936, allocations of $1,234,- 685,718 had been made to the W. P. A. to carry out its part of the Works Program. In order to allow the greatest leeway to the State Administrations in choosing projects best suited to the employment needs of each State, the President has approved State W. P. A. projects to the value of more than $5,000,000,- 000. From this reservoir, State Administrators select projects for operation which will employ persons from REPORT ON THE the relief rolls on work that is within a reasonable dis- tance from then homes and is as nearly as possible in keeping with their previous occupations and work experience. The projects actually selected and put into operation by the W. P. A. State Administrations can be divided into two broad classifications — construction and non- construction projects. Construction projects, for new construction, repairs, modernization and improvements, involve the greater number of projects and a predomi- nant percentage of costs (more than 80 percent of the total funds). The most important construction projects are those involving work on highways, roads and streets, and on public buildings, which together account for almost 50 percent of the total funds allotted for the projects which have been selected for operation. Other con- struction work includes parks and playgrounds, water supply and sewer systems, and airports. The remain- ing fifth of the funds are designated for various kinds of non-construction projects such as forestation and erosion control, goods projects, and sanitation and health projects. Into this category also fall the professional and non-manual projects, including the educational program and the projects for artists, musicians, actors, and writers. Forty-four bureaus or divisions of 14 other major administrative agencies have received allocations for work projects, the largest allocations going to Emer- gency Conservation Work and the Bureau of Public Roads, which received $526,584,000 and $491,000,000, respectively. The Non-Federal Division of P. W. A. with allocations of $339,380,000 is next, followed by the Resettlement Administration with $167,169,000 for work projects and rural rehabilitation. The Corps of Engineers, with approximately $132,000,000, and the Housing Division of P. W. A. are the only other agencies which have received allocations totaling more than $100,000,000. Other agencies to which sizable allo- cations have been made include the Bureau of Recla- mation with $82,650,000, the Puerto Rico Reconstruc- tion Administration with $32,152,000, the Soil Conser- vation Service with $21,000,000, the Bureau of Yards and Docks and the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine with more than $15,000,000, and the Quartermaster Corps and the Forest Service, each with a little less than this amount. Four other agencies have allocations ranging from 5 to 10 million dollars. Funds allocated for Emergency Conservation Work are used largely to finance the conservation work done in connection with Civilian Conservation Corps camps. The Bureau of Public Roads is using its $491,000,000 for the construction of highways, the elimination of grade crossings, and other highway repair and main- tenance work. P. W. A. non-Federal funds are allotted to a great number of construction projects for schools, WORKS PROGRAM 3 municipal buildings, sewer systems, water works, etc., while the Housing Division of the P. W. A. concen- trates on slum clearance and the building of a number of low-cost housing units. The funds allocated to the Resettlement Administration are used primarily for STREET PAVING AND REPAIR PROJECTS ARE OPERATING IN MANY CITIES rural rehabilitation and resettlement as well as subur- ban resettlement. This Administration has taken over the functions of the Subsistence Homesteads Division of the Department of the Interior, the Land Program and the Rural Rehabilitation Division of the F. E. R . A. and the Land Policy Section of the A. A. A. In similar fashion the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administra- tion has been usingits funds for subsistence homesteads, 4 WORKS PROGRESS for resettlement, and for the general reconstruction and rehabilitation of the economic life of the island. While the Rural Electrification Administration does not engage directly in construction, it was set up under the E. R. A. Act of 1935 to facilitate the financing of the construction of electric distribution and transmission lines in rural areas now without electric service. To a considerable extent the types of work done on projects supervised by the remaining agencies supple- ment their regular work. The Bureau of Reclamation is expanding its regular program with 30 projects for reclamation of waste lands, including the building of new dams, flood control, and irrigation projects. A greatly enlarged program for improving inland water transportation and an expanded program for channel dredging, for hydroelectric power development and for reservoir construction, is provided for under the alloca- tion to the Corps of Engineers. The Bureau of Yards and Docks has received allocations for the general rehabilitation of yards, docks, waterfront grounds, marine buildings, etc., as well as a number of new construction projects. The Bureaus of Animal Industry and of Entomology and Plant Quarantine have expanded their programs to eradicate animal diseases and to stamp out noxious plants and insects which ravage fields and forests. Fire prevention and similar work is being performed by the Forest Service, while the Soil Conservation Service is carrying forward a program of erosion control (including research work) to demonstrate to farmers the most efficient methods of soil use and conservation. Research and survey projects represent another im- portant type of work being done by some of the agencies. Examples of this work are the Census of Business Enterprise of 1935 operated by the Bureau of the Census, and the Study of Income Tax Returns super- vised by the Secretary's Office in the Treasury Depart- ment. The Survey of Public Health, which includes studies of chronic disease, of occupational mortality ADMINISTRATION and morbidity rates, and of hospital facilities and out- patient clinics, is being carried on by the Bureau of the Public Health Service. These and other research projects are designed to add to public information and to assist the Bureaus in the more efficient handling of their regular work, as well as to point out the need or advisability of new legislation. OCCUPATIONAL CHARACTERISTIC'S OF EMPLOYABLE PER- SONS ON RELIEF In order to adhere to the policy of adapting work as nearly as possible to the skills of the available labor on the relief rolls, knowledge of the occupations of these workers is essential. An inventory taken in March 1935 indicates that about four-fifths of the employable persons on the relief rolls who possess work experience are manual workers (other than farmers), almost 10 percent are farmers, and 11 percent may be designated as white-collar workers. The manual workers who include unskilled laborers in both industry and agriculture, semiskilled workers, skilled workers and foremen, and domestic and personal service workers, are relatively much more numerous on the relief rolls than in the general population where they compose less than three-fifths of the total number gainfully employed. On the other hand, the white- collar workers and farmers who make up the remaining fifth of the employable persons on relief rolls who have work experience are only about half as numerous in the relief population as in the total population. The relative importance of these types of workers among the employable persons with work experience on the relief rolls and their importance among the total gainfully employed are illustrated by the accompanying chart. In addition to the employable persons with previous work experience, a large number of inexperienced but employable persons are found on the relief rolls. This inexperienced group which makes up about a sixth of the total employable persons on relief is composed predominantly of young persons between 16 and 25 years of age who have reached working age during the depression and have never found employment. The remainder of the employable persons with no work experience are women — largely housewives forced upon the labor market by economic necessity. More detailed information on the occupational characteristics of employable persons on the relief rolls is presented in another section of this report. WORKS PROGRAM PROCEDURES With knowledge of the composition of the labor supply and with funds provided by statute, an operat- ing mechanism becomes imperative, in order to trans- mute these two elements into an efficiently operating program. The basic regulations to govern the organ- ization of the Program by which considerably more REPORT ON THE than 3,500,000 persons have been put to work were outlined in a series of Executive orders, subsequently amplified by Administrative orders issued by the Works Progress Administration. The application of these regulations may be illustrated by tracing chron- ologically the typical development of projects. Projects of the Works Progress Administration and the Public Works Administration were initiated by municipalities or other local governmental units through filing an application to W. P. A. or P. W. A. After approval, these project applications were submitted to the Division of Applications and Information of the National Emergency Council. Projects to be operated by other Federal agencies were initiated by the agencies themselves. The applications in such cases were sub- mitted by the agency concerned to the National Emer- gency Council. Copies of each application were for- warded to the Bureau of the Budget for review, and in the case of non-W. P. A. projects were then sent to the W. P. A. for investigation as to the availability of relief labor at the location of the project. (W. P. A. projects were reviewed with respect to this factor prior to submission to the National Emergency Council.) The next step was the submission of the application to the President's Advisory Committee on Allotments, composed of representatives of Government, business, labor, agriculture, and the United States Conference of Mayors. The Advisory Committee presented its recommendations to the President. If the President approved the project the Treasury Department was instructed to issue a warrant. Upon approval of the warrant by the Comptroller General, the agency was informed that the funds allocated had been placed to its credit in the Treasury. By October 1935, after the bulk of allocations had been made, the intermediate steps involving the sub- WORKS PROGRAM 5 mission of the application to the National Emergency Council and the Advisory Committee on Allotments were omitted and applications as authorized were pre- sented directly to the President through the Bureau of the Budget. Now under the control of the prosecuting agency, the project could be divided into separate operating units if necessary; and a project manager, authorized to sign pay rolls, hire workers, etc., appointed by the agency for each unit. Materials and supplies are req- uisitioned from the Procurement Division of the Treas- ury. At this stage the project is ready to hire workers. A requisition for workers, giving descriptions of the skills desired, is submitted to the United States Em- ployment Service or other assignment agency which maintains records of all persons eligible for assignment to the Works Program. These records contain the names of all persons on relief who have been certified by the local relief administration as eligible for em- ployment. Upon receiving a requisition, the Employ- ment Service assigns the desired number of workers to the project. At least 90 percent of the total workers must have been taken from the relief rolls except on projects specifically exempted from this provision. Except for work prosecuted under contract in which prevailing hourly rates are paid, and except for certain other authorized exemptions, the security-wage scale specified by the President is applicable. This monthly wage varies in accordance with the skill of the worker, the geographical region and the size of the community. Responsibility for the coordination of the entire Pro- gram has been given to the Works Progress Adminis- tration. State W. P. A. Administrators review the work schedules and labor requirements of all projects and keep in touch with the development of projects in order to insure a smooth flow of operations. 6 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION EMERGENCY RELIEF AND WORK PROGRAMS MILLIONS OF CASES Chart I 1933 MILLIONS OF PERSONS Chart II MILLIONS OF CASES 6 1936 MILLIONS OF PERSONS CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS EMPLOYMENT 1933 MILLIONS OF PERSONS Chart m 1933 MILLIONS OF PERSONS Chart K 1936 MILLIONS OF PERSONS 1936 MILLIONS OF PERSONS CIVIL WORKS ADMINISTRATION EMPLOYMENT 1933 MILLIONS OF PERSONS Chart I 1936 MILLIONS OF PERSONS WORKS PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT OTHER JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONOUFMAMJJASOND 1933 1934 1935 1936 INCLUDES HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON THE WORKS PROGRAM WHO ALSO RECEIVED RELIEF DURING DECEMBER, PENDING RECEIPT OF THEIR FIRST FULL PAY CHECK i *CCC CONTINUED UNDER THE WORKS PROGRAM IN CHART Y WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION I65S REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 7 CHAPTER II. THE BACKGROUND AND The depression, beginning in the last few months of 1929, has been without precedent in the United States. It is true that the country had experienced severe panics and depressions in the course of its history but in none of the previous recessions was the volume of unemployment so great nor was so large a proportion of the working population without jobs as in recent years. Early in 1933 it is estimated that some 15 mil- lion persons were out of work. This represented nearly one-third of the labor supply in the country. At no other period had the unemployment problem in tins country reached so acute a stage as this. Moreover, the severity of the decline and the length of the depression period are without parallel. Employment and indus- trial production dropped rapidly in the latter half of 1929, and continued to fall until the low point of 1932 and early 1933 was reached, a decline of nearly four years. This mass unemployment, still serious despite 2}i years of recovery, brought with it a problem of poverty, misery, and human degradation unprece- dented in this country. The economic upheaval which occurred in the autumn of 1929 found the United States unprepared to meet the relief and unemployment problems of a major depression. Owing to the widespread accept- ance of the belief that the Nation had entered a new era of boundless plenty, the economic storm signals of the 1920's were either ignored or wrongly interpreted. As industrial production climbed steadily month by month, the continued distress of agriculture was over- looked. With manufacturing output the greatest in history, automobile production at 5% million cars, and stock prices steadily going up, it was easy to ignore the fact that in 1929 nearly 2 million workers were unable to find employment in private industry. But beginning in the fall of 1929, the unsound basis of the prosperity era began to manifest itself more clearly. Nearly all the measuring rods of economic conditions showed a strong downward trend from 1929 until the summer of 1932 and again in the spring of 1933 The decline was particularly sharp in the industries producing durable goods. Pig iron production fell off nearly 80 percent; steel production 75 percent; auto- mobile output declined 75 percent, and residential con- struction dropped to less than one-tenth of what it had been in 1928. Industrial production as a whole declined nearly 50 percent, and national income shrank from 81 billion dollars in 1929 to 40 billion in 1932, recovering to 42 billion in 1933 and 49 billion in 1934. Similarly, labor income for the country receded to 57 percent of the 1929 level for all types of labor income. The gravity of the problem of involuntary unem- ployment became obvious when the estimated number of persons unable to find work increased alarmingly PURPOSE OF THE WORKS PROGRAM each year, reaching a peak in March 1933. States and localities, with their revenues shrinking, soon found it impossible to handle the relief burden created by such widespread unemployment. It became imperative to draw upon the resources of the Federal Government to bring relief to the destitute unemployed. The relief burden thus forced upon the Federal Government can be lightened only by an increase in employment opportunities. During the past 2 l / 2 years economic recovery has been going forward by a series of cyclical fluctuations of relatively short duration. Following the opening of the Nation's banks in the spring of 1933, business surged forward at a rapid rate in anticipation of higher prices. Sustained recovery was not achieved, however, and production fell off sharply in the latter part of 1933, although it did not sink to the low levels of the spring. At the close of 1933 conditions again began to improve. Progress was made until the summer of 1934, when a recession to a level close to that of the last quarter of 1933 occurred. Beginning in December 1934, business picked up rapidly until late in the spring of 1935. A reversal followed during the summer, but steady improvement during the fall has brought production to levels comparable with those of 1930. In general 1935 production was about 20 to 35 per- cent below the level of 1929. Building construction in 1935 was far below normal, amounting to only about one-fourth of the 1928 volume, but the sharp pick-up of residential building in the last half of the year was an encouraging sign. The rapidity of the gains in the production of durable goods in 1935 was likewise favorable. During the greater part of this period of industrial recovery the relief problem did not diminish. Only in the summer of 1935 did substantial decreases in relief rolls occur, but relief still remains the most urgent socio-economic problem confronting the Nation today. In March 1933 approximately 20,000,000 persons were receiving relief; in March 1935 nearly 5,500,000 families and single persons, representing 21,000,000 persons in all, were receiving assistance. This increase in relief during a period of economic recovery is ac- counted for in a number of ways. In 1933 considerably less than half of the estimated number of unemployed were receiving aid. The subsequent recovery absorbed many of the unemployed but a large part of the remain- ing millions were gradually forced on relief as their resources were exhausted. Moreover, the availability of Federal funds and the expansion of emergency relief agencies to virtually every county in the country made it possible to care for a larger proportion of those in need. The drought in 1934 likewise appreciably added to the relief rolls. 8 WOKKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION To meet the problem of destitution resulting from unemployment the Federal Government inaugurated a number of programs. The relief program, as pointed out above, cared for nearly 5,000,000 families and single persons early in 1 933. 1'ndcr the combined influence of the industrial expansion in the middle of 1933 and the inauguration of the Civil Works Program in the whiter of 1933-34, the number of families and single persons declined to less than 3,000,000 in January 1934. Following the termination of the Civil Works Program in March 1934, the relief rolls advanced to over 4,400,000 families and single persons in April 1934 and by March 1935 to nearly 5,500,000, approximately half of whom reeeived work relief. From this point the number on launched wluch employed over 4,100,000 persons during the peak week in January 1934. The trend of relief and of employment on the various work programs are shown on the charts on page 6. The latest work program, linanced by funds appro- priated by the Emergency Relief Act of 1935, repre- sents a consolidation of the work activities of the Federal Government. Pnder this Program (as shown in the bottom chart of the series) over 3,500,000 persons had been given employment by the end of 1935. The passage of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 marked a new phase in delineating the re- sponsibility of the Federal Government for the solution of the relief problem. Under the division of responsi- CONSTRUCTING FORMS FOR CONCRETE PAVING TO IMPROVE A RIVERSIDE ESPLANADE. relief declined to some 3,400,000 in November. This decline was due partly to the withdrawal or reduction of Federal relief funds, partly to the reabsorption of many unemployed in industry and agriculture, and in part to the Works Program financed by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. During this 2^-year period the Government provided from 300,000 to 400,000 young men with employment through the Civilian Conservation Corps. In addition the Public Works Administration projects provided employment for from 200,000 to 600,000 persons. In the winter of 1933-34 the Civil Works Program was bility postulated by this act the Federal Government recognized and assumed the obligation of caring for a large majority of the great group of persons in need as the result of industrial unemployment, while to the State and local governments was left the primary responsibility for the care of other families in need of aid. This latter group represents for the most part unemployable persons and comprises the types of dependency to which local governments have tradi- tionally provided assistance. To assist the State and local governments in meeting the increasing burden of the latter group, provision was made in the Social REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM !) Security Act for grants-in-aid for two large groups of persons in need — the aged and women with dependent children. At the time the act was introduced into the Congress, it was estimated that 3,500,000 heads of families and single individuals able and willing to work were without employment and in need of aid. Federal responsibility for this group was based upon the Nation-wide char- acter of depression unemployment, the basic cause of the present relief problem. Clearly the causes of unemployment are not of local origin nor is it in the power of any State or locality to remove these causes. Furthermore, the States do not have the credit re- sources necessary to deal with the relief problems place in community life on a self-supporting basis. Through work the employable person can maintain and perhaps enhance his skill. He remains a valuable asset to the national economy and stands ready to resume his role in private industry despite a period of unemployment. Even more important is the mainte- nance of morale, forestalling the degeneration that may develop during enforced idleness. The work habits of the individual are maintained and respect of self within the family group and among fellowmen is retained. In short, the family is maintained as an effective unit in the economic and social structure. To the gains outlined above must be added the large increment to the national wealth in the form of public FLOOD CONTROL— CONCRETE RETAINING WALLS PREVENT RIVER BANK EROSION. arising out of industrial unemployment. The national character of the relief problem caused by unemploy- ment renders imperative national assistance. The great forward step in relief policy embodied in the Emergency Kelief Appropriation Act of 1935 was the recognition of the incompatibility of direct re- lief with American tradition and the adoption of the policy that aid for the unemployed was to take the form of useful public work. The object of this program is to give people who have been on relief real work, to pay them a security wage which is not based on their budget deficiency, to drop them from the relief rolls; and by this means to give them once more a normal improvements created by the employment of more than 3,500,000 persons in every community throughout the country. These accomplishments are described later in this report when discussing various types of projects. After balancing the account, a work program may well prove to be less expensive than direct relief. An adequate evaluation must recognize the individual and group benefits implicit in the substitution of work for idleness. It must appraise the true value of the services rendered and the work produced. Taking these factors into consideration, the net cost of a work program is likely to prove less than would the cost of direct relief, despite the larger gross outlay. WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION WORKS PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT BY STATES December 28, 193*) PENNSYLVANIA NEW YORK CITY ILLINOIS OHIO NEW YORK UP STATE CALIFORNIA TEXAS MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN NEW JERSEY MISSOURI OKLAHOMA INDIANA KENTUCKY WISCONSIN MINNESOTA GEORGIA WEST VIRGINIA LOUISIANA ALABAMA TENNESSEE VIRGINIA ARKANSAS FLORIDA NORTH CAROLINA KANSAS COLORADO WASHINGTON MISSISSIPPI SOUTH CAROLINA IOWA CONNECTICUT NEBRASKA OREGON MARYLAND NEW MEXICO SOUTH DAKOTA MONTANA ARIZONA MAINE UTAH RHODE ISLAND NORTH DAKOTA IDAHO DIST OF COL NEW HAMPSHIRE VERMONT WYOMING NEVADA DELAWARE UNDISTRIBUTED TERRITORIES so Tfiowiiin(/.\ ZOO I 1 I I I Of l',0 Persons i > I L'50 300 I YZZL W71 1 ■ ~" 1 kzzj mi ED ED E ) zz .,, Z 3 ZD ZD err f/yZ/j Or/ier Jlgencies v/.'-'>v, fKo/-*j Progress Administration WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION 1517 REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 11 CHAPTER III. THE PROGRAM IN OPERATION TREND OF EMPLOYMENT By the end of November 1935 the Works Program had substantially attained its goal of putting 3,500,000 persons to work. During subsequent weeks employ- ment continued to expand moderately until on Decem- ber 28 the total had reached over 3,542,000 persons. Almost 2,751 ,000 of these workers were employed under W. P. A. State Work Programs, about 519,000 were engaged in Emergency Conservation Work, largely in the Civilian Conservation Corps, while the remaining 272,000 were at work on projects operated by 36 other Federal agencies participating in the Works Program. Building on a foundation of Emergency Conservation Work, a 2-year-old organization which was employing almost 390,000 men enrolled from all States when it became a part of the Works Program in April 1935, employment expanded slowly during the first months of the Program. By the end of August, when employ- ment on Emergency Conservation Work had reached its peak of about 594,000 workers, this group com- posed about 65 percent of the total. W. P. A. State Work Programs, after getting under way in July, were operating in 23 States, New York City and the District of Columbia by the end of August. The number of persons employed under them, however, fell a little short of 250,000 or about 27 percent of the total. More than half the W. P. A. workers were located in New York City. Sizable programs were also under way in Alabama, Ohio, Indiana, Arkansas, Florida, and Georgia, which together employed most of the remaining work- ers. While a few other Federal agencies had projects in operation prior to July, the number of persons em- ployed was small. Works Program Employment by Agencies [Thousands of employees] Week ending- Grand total .... Transportation Airports and airways Other Educational, professional, and clerical- Educational. Clerical Professional and technical-- Research and statistical surveys. .. Art, literary, and recreational Other! _. Goods projects... Sewing. Other- Sanitation and health. Miscellaneous Number of projects (2) <;:•. I"'-' 23, 105 330 9, S2II 4, 955 997 28 6, 975 9, 51 IS 5, 206 222 1.020 56 1. S92 2,! 252 283 1,725 729 6, 256 1,990 3, 9S8 278 130 470 328 142 III. 109 2,201 1,731 3,037 1,068 1,672 400 I. s2s :«, «« 1,236 2,309 4. 500 Total approved cost estimate Total cost Amount (3) $1, 169, 650, 880 461, 633, 337 9, 233. 7S4 158, 753, 730 121,358, 621 11, 171, 466 245, 628 160, 870, 108 115, 824, 103 48, 488, 182 6, 123, 770 61, 212, 151 2, 162, 938 136. 208, 2.S2 65, 081, 905 2, 883, 562 6. 002. 192 42, 307, 428 13. sss. 723 112,878, 138 30, 336, 148 77, 591, 107 4, 950, 883 2, 035, 701 112,417 1, 060, 222 863, 062 22, 570, 150 5, 626, 255 84. 829, 306 15, 437, 509 6, 842, 802 20, 725, 928 13, 931, 194 23, 628, 830 4, 263, 043 ,256,241 60, 828,536 16, 427, 705 39, 831, 552 43, 712, 972 Percent (4) 100.0 39.5 0.8 13.6 10. 1 1.0 0.0 13.7 9.9 4. 2 0.5 5. 2 0.3 0. 5 3.6 1. 2 2.6 6.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0. 1 0. 1 1.9 0.5 1.3 0. 6 1.8 1. 2 2.0 0.4 5. 2 1.4 W. P. A. funds (5) $947, 732, 727 362, 421, 202 6, 476, 712 116,417,11113 99, 509. 335 8, 310, 461 204, 676 131,502,1155 87, 219, 588 34, 767, 775 5, 566, 907 46, 884, 906 2, 009, 234 118, 721, 210 55, 087, 025 2, 627, 101 3, 447, 174 36, 986, 809 12, 025, 581 86, 187, 741 21,015, 104 61, 526, 236 3, 646, 401 1,568,739 72,617 825, 707 670.415 23. sss, 2S5 19, 323, Mil 4, 564, 884 76, 897, 446 13, IMS, ll'l 6, 002, 434 18, 298, 094 12, si:.. 122 22, 712, 200 3, 897, 175 68, 892, 447 55, 859, 035 13, 033, 412 29, 624, 586 35, 215, 224 Sponsors' contribution (6) $221, 918, 153 99, 212, 135 2, 757, 072 42, 336, 667 21, 849, 286 2, S61, 0115 40, 952 29, 367, 153 28, 604, 515 13, 720, 407 556, 863 14, 327, 245 153, 704 17. 1S7. 1172 9, 994, 880 256, 101 2, 555, 018 5, 320, 619 1, 863, 142 26, 6911, 397 9, 321, 044 16, 064, 871 1,304, 482 166, 962 39, 800 234,515 192, 647 3, 246, 749 1,061,371 7,931,860 2, 299, 088 840, 368 2, 427, 834 1, 082, 072 916, 630 365, 868 8, 363, 794 I. 969, 501 3, 394, 293 10. 206, 966 8, 497, 748 Percent contributed by sponsors (7) 19. 21. 5 29.9 26. 7 18. 25.6 16.7 18.3 24.7 28.3 9.1 23.4 7.1 J2T§ 15.4 8.9 42.6 12.6 13.4 23.6 30. 7 20. 7 26.3 22.9 35.4 22. 1 22.3 15.3 14.4 18.9 9.4 14.9 12.3 11.7 7.8 3.9 8.2 20.7 25.6 19.4 1 The unit is a work project, which is a unit of operation under an official project. 2 Includes projects classifiable under more than 1 of the preceding headings. 69,000 work projects had already been selected for operation at a total estimated cost of almost $1,170,- 000,000. Of this amount, sponsoring State and local governmental bodies will contribute $222,000,000, or about 19 percent of the total cost. Four major types of public improvements — those for highway, road and street projects, public buildings, water supply and sewer systems, and parks and playgrounds — account for about 71 percent of the total cost of the projects selected for prosecution. Most important are projects for the construction and repair of highways, roads, bridges, and streets. This group constitutes 39.5 percent of the total cost of all projects selected for operation through December 31, 1935. For this section of the program approximately 22 percent of the funds are being contributed by spon- sors. About one-third of all funds to be expended on the entire road and street program will be devoted to extensions and improvements of farm-to-market roads. Improvements to community recreational facilities, 02768°— 36 3 which consist largely of parks and playgrounds, con- stitute 11.6 percent of the total cost. Repair and con- struction of public buildings such as schools, hospitals, cliildren's homes, libraries, city halls, and courthouses will require 9.9 percent of the total expenditures. Sponsors are contributing about one-fourth of the total cost of these work projects. Construction and modern- ization of water supply and sewer systems will involve expenditures amounting to 9.6 percent of the total. Other important items in the program include Hood control and conservation projects vital to the preserva- tion of natural resources and the prevention of property damage and loss of life, which amounts to 5.6 percent of the total. Also included are sewing, canning, and other projects for the production of simple necessities for distribution among the needy, which account for 6.6 percent of the total cost. Tbese projects will provide employment for women from relief rolls. Transportation projects, nearly all of which relate to airports and airway facilities, amount to 2.4 percent 28 W'OKKS !']<()( iKKSS ADMINISTRATION WPA PROJECTS SELECTED f or OPERATION Through December 31, i*)35 Tu pe of Projecj Highways and Roads. ttC (eMnpt r*rm f* JfarAe/, **J Streets and sit leys) Farm to Market and Other Secondary Poads Parks and Playgrounds Streets and Jl (leys Ptibhr Puddings Hater Supply and Sewer Systems Setting and Other Goods Projects Flood Control and Other Conservation Sanitation and Health Airports and A'arigafion All Other Tefal Cost Millions of Dollars of the total cost of the program, while sanitation and health projects, housing, electric utilities, and miscel- laneous projects, respectively, constitute 3.4, 0.2, 0.2, and 3.7 percent of the total cost. Employment for educational, professional, and clerical persons is to be provided on projects calling for the expenditure of 7.3 percent of the total funds, based on selections for opera- tions through December 31. Comparison between major classes of projects ap- proved by the President and those selected for opera- tion with respect to the cost in terms of Federal funds can be made by reference to the table below. For only one class of projects, park and playground work, is the percentage of the total selected for operation markedly different from the corresponding project approvals. Approved W.P.A. Projects and Projects Selected for Operation, by Type of Work Type of work Grand total Highways, roads, and streets. Public buildings, including housing Parks and playgrounds Flood control and other conservation Public utilities Airports and other transportation Educational, professional, and clerical projects Sewing and other goods projects. Sanitation and health.. Miscellaneous Projects approved by the President Jan. 15, 1936 Amount (W. P. A. funds) $4,579,359,147 1,810, 118,848 487, 146, 993 399,211,378 293, 807, 134 482, 443, 701 152, 706, 428 441,927, 727 295, 553, 584 124, 144, 184 92, 209, 170 Per- cent of total 100. 39. 6 10.6 8.7 6.4 10.5 3.3 9.7 6.5 2.7 2.0 Projects selected for operation Dee. 31, 1935 Amount (W. P. A. funds) $947, 732, 727 362, 421,202 89, 228, 822 118, 721,210 55, 087, 025 87, 756, 480 23, 888, 285 76, 897, 446 68, 892, 447 29, 624, 586 35, 215, 224 Per- cent of total 100.0 38.3 9.4 12.5 5.8 9.3 2.5 8. 1 7.3 3. 1 3.7 A classification of W. P. A. projects based on con- struction as contrasted with non-construction types reveals that construction projects account for 81.1 percent of the total cost of projects selected for opera- tion through December 31, 1935 ; non-construction types, including professional and clerical projects, goods proj- ects, forestation, erosion control, improvements to grounds around public buildings, etc., account for the remaining 18.9 percent of the total cost. When con- struction projects are further subdivided, distinguishing new construction from repairs, modernization, and im- provements, it is found that the former represents 36.2 percent of the total cost of all projects and the latter 44.9 percent. These data are presented in the tabula- tion below. W.P.A. Construction and Nonconstruction Projects Selected for Operation Through Dec. 31, 1935 Type of work Grand total. Construction projects. New construction Highways, roads, and streets. Public buildings Other new construction Repairs, modernization, and improvements. Highways, roads, and streets Public buildings.. Other repairs.. Xon-construction projects ; Num- ber of proj- ects 69, 152 49. IK. 5 22, 384 9,046 3, 109 10,229 26,681 14, 059 6, 399 6,223 20, 087 Total approved cost estimate Amount $1,169,650,880 948. 544. 645 424, 066, 893 135, 157, 126 46.014,603 242, 895, 164 524, 477, 752 326, 476, 211 69, 809, 500 128, 192, 041 221, 106, 235 Percent of total 100.0 81.1 36.2 11.6 3.9 20.7 44.9 27.9 6.0 11.0 18.9 1 Includes forestation and erosion control, educational, professional, and clerical projects, goods projects, health projects, etc. Value Of WPA Projects Selected For Operation Through December 31,193? WOffaS *00*»CS3 A0MH iS TKA T/dV /SIS REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 29 From the table on page 27 the total estimated cost of projects selected for operation through December 31, 1935, is seen to be $1,169,650,880, of which sponsors' contributions amount to $221,918,153 or 19.0 percent of the total. Sponsors' contributions generally repre- sent pledges of materials, supplies, and equipment as indicated by the following summary. Purpose of expenditure Amount Percent of total Total amount pledged by sponsors --. . . .- Direct labor- _ . _ . $221,918,153 30, 144, 504 191, 773, 649 100.0 13.6 86.4 Materials, supplies, and equipment In contrast, 4 out of every 5 dollars to be expended on these projects from W. P. A. funds go directly to the workers in the form of wages. That W. P. A. funds are used chiefly for the employment of labor is indicated below. Purpose of expenditure Amount Percent of total Total cost in W. P. A. funds $947, 732, 727 745, 412,607 202, 320. 120 100.0 78.7 21.3 Direct labor Materials, supplies, and equipment. - ... . STONE SURFACING FOR RURAL ROADi The fact that sponsors' contributions are large and consist chiefly of materials permits the development of substantial projects without diverting a large proportion of Federal funds from the major purpose of providing for the wages of relief workers. The chart on page 28 illustrates the great difference between the purposes for which W. P. A. funds and sponsors' contributions are utilized. FARM-TO-MARKET ROADS Among the types of projects included under W. P. A. State Work Programs, farm-to-market road work is outstanding both in its relative scope and in resultant economic and social benefits. It is estimated that about 65 percent of the Nation's farms are situated on unimproved dirt roads. Consequently a large portion of the 20,000,000 people who reside on these farms are periodically subject to being marooned in bad weather, unable to get their children to school and their produce to market or loading points, or to secure supplies and medical aid, or even to receive their mail. The farm-to-market road work undertaken as part of the W. P. A. State Work Programs is directed toward providing adequate transportation facilities in rural areas. It contemplates not the construction of hard-finished highways, but general improvement of the less frequented but more extensive dirt roads and trails. The work of converting a roadway into an adequate thoroughfare ranges from the construction of new culverts and extensive surfacing, graveling, and draining to the filling in of hollows and ditches. Projects definitely classifiable as farm-to-market roads formed almost 14 percent (on the basis of estimated total cost) of all W. P. A. projects selected for operation by State Admin- istrators through December 31. The total cost of such road proj- ects either started or ready to get under way by this date amounted to about $159,000,- 000 of which almost 27 percent will be contributed by the spon- sors. In only five other types of projects, all much less im- portant in terms of estimated cost, do the sponsors put up a larger proportion of the total cost of the projects selected for operation under the various State Work Programs. The reports from 48 States which yielded the above infor- mation also indicate that more than three-quarters of the W. P. A. funds used on farm- to-market road projects will be spent for wages. The bulk of sponsors' contributions will be used for material pur- chases and other costs with under 15 percent going for wages. Of the total estimated cost of farm-to-market road work initiated during the period covered by these reports, about 60 percent will be spent for pay rolls. In addition to work definitely classifiable as farm-to- market roads, an indeterminate portion of bridge, viaduct, and miscellaneous road projects also eontrib- 30 WORKS PROGRESS ute to the improvement of rural roads. The construc- tion of a bridge to replace a ford which made an otherwise adequate road impassable during some sea- sons may actually belong under the farm-to-market category. It is evident, at least, that the data coveri ag farm-to-market road work, as such, presented here and in the table on page 27 of this report, understate to a considerable degree the actual scope of the work undertaken to improve rural road systems. ( Mitstanding among States with farm-to-market load programs are Texas, Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, FILLING IN A SWAMP KOADBED AND IMPROVING DRAINAGE BY DITCH WORK AND REVETMENTS TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE RURAL TRANSPORTATION. in which projects with an estimated total cost of between 10 and 17 million dollars are being undertaken, and which together have about a third of the total farm-to-market road work within their boundaries. California, New York, Michigan, Missouri, West Virginia, Arkansas, and Georgia also report between 5 and 10 million dollars in projects of this type under way or ready to start. Another aspect of the relative importance of farm- to-market road work is brought out by the relation- ADMINISTRATION ship of projects of this type to the entire work pro- grams of individual States. Texas occupies the fore- most position on this basis also, with 46 percent of its projects involving work on farm-to-market roads, while West Virginia and Arkansas are next in order with 37 percent. More than 25 percent of the value of all projects selected for operation in Vermont, Maine, South Dakota, Iowa, and Tennessee represent this type of work. The mimber of persons employed on W. P. A. proj- ects, as represented by the pay rolls ending within the month of December, indicate that about 300,000 men were working on farm-to-market road projects in 47 States (Delaware lias no projects of this sort). In terms of the total employment on farm-to-market road projects Ohio headed the list, followed by Illinois, West Virginia, Missouri, and Texas. However, owing to the wide variation in the size of the State Work 1'idiiianis and in the speed with which they ^ot under way, a more accurate gage of the importance of tins work in providing employment is the ratio of the num- ber of persons engaged in farm-to-market road work to total State employment on W. P. A. projects. On this basis West Virginia is outstanding, with 56 per- cent of its workers employed on this work. In Ver- mont about 37 percent and in Tennessee and Arkansas about 33 percent of all W. P. A. workers were so em- ployed. Only slightly smaller ratios to total employ- ment were noted in most of the other States which had sizable farm-to-market road programs, despite the hampering effect of winter weather on some of the work involved in these projects in the northern States. W. P. A. AIRWAY, AIRPORT, AND AID TO AVIGATION PROJECTS In recognition of the increasing importance of air travel in the United States, W. P. A. State Work Pro- grams provide for the construction and improvement of airports and aids to avigation on an extensive scale. Work is under way in many parts of the country. Landing fields are being drained, filled in, and leveled, new runw^ays added, and old runways paved. Hangars are being constructed and administration buildings remodeled and renovated. Additional beacon lights are being installed and other aids to aviation provided along the airways in various parts of the country. This program, involving the creation of permanent national values through the work of persons formerly on relief, is seeking to place the airway and airport facilities of the Nation on a par with flying equipment now in use, coordinating, as far as is consistent, the aeronautical needs with the relief labor requirements. REPORT ON THE The rapid increase of traffic and of airplane speed, size, weight, and efficiency makes it imperative that ground facilities be brought up to date — work winch local communities at present are unable to carry on without Federal funds. Five agencies of the Federal Government have con- ferred with the Works Progress Administration on this program — the Treasury, the War Department, the Post Office Department, the Navy Department, and the Department of Commerce. State aviation officials and organizations have likewise given hearty coopera- tion. Airway and airport projects, prior to release for WORKS PROGRAM 31 sponsors are pledged to contribute more than $3,000,000. The total amount originally requested by the sponsors and approved by the President for these projects was approximately $48,000,000. While the scope of the W. P. A. airway and airport projects generally coincides with the areas of greatest air traffic density, California through the end of 1935 had selected for operation under the W. P. A. program projects exceeding in value those of the other States or administrative areas next in order — Ohio, Pennsyl- vania, New York State, New York City, Florida, and Tennessee. New Jersey, Michigan, Illinois, Georgia, construction, are approved as to aeronautical fitness by the Bureau of Air Commerce, Department of Commerce. Although many airports were constructed and many improved under the earlier work programs (C. W. A. and F. E. R. A.), the present program includes a large number of projects not completed under these adminis- trations, as well as the coordinated extension of a national airways system. Through January 15, 1936, more than 1,500 projects in 47 States, New York City, and the District of Columbia, involving more than $108,000,000 of Federal funds, had received the ap- proval of the President; of these, 328 projects located in 42 States, New York City, and the District of Columbia, had been released for operation by State W. P. A. Administrators by the end of 1935. For these projects $19,323,401 of Federal funds had been released through December 31, in addition to which and Massachusetts also report a considerable volume of work of this type. Additional projects are being re- leased for operation by State W. P. A. Administrators as relief and other local conditions justify such action. PURCHASES OF MATERIALS, SUPPLIES, AND EQUIPMENT FOR USE ON W. P. A. PROJECTS Purchases and contributions of materials, supplies, and equipment for use on projects had amounted to $46,042,303 by the end of December 1935. Approxi- mately 85 percent of these purchases was for use on the four major types of public improvements w r hich constitute the bulk of the W. P. A. program: highway, road, and street projects; public buildings; water supply and sewer systems; and parks and playgrounds. Forty percent of the total purchases was lor use on highway, road, and street projects. Other materials purchased were for use chiefly on projects to extend 32 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION or improve recreational facilities such as parks and playgrounds, for use on public building projects, and on projects to build or modernize water supply and HANGAR CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF RUNWAYS ARE IMPORTANT TYPES OF AIRPORT WORK. sewer systems. Such purchases represented 15.7, 14.7, and 14.5 percent, respectively, of the total purchases and contributions made for W. P. A. projects through December 31. A distribution of this total by type of projects is given in the table in the next column. Analysis of the types of materials purchased for use on VV. P. A. projects through December 31, 1935, reveals a wide variety of products, over 52 percent of which were construction materials exclusive of iron Purchases and Contributions of Materials, Supplies and Equipment for W.P.A. Projects by Types of Projects Through December 31, 1935 I ype of project Total value Amount Percent of total urand total 100.0 Highways, roads, and streets- $4(5, 042, 303 18, 411,632 40.0 Public buildings.. 6, 783, 372 14.7 Parks and playgrounds. 35, 966 7, 246, 722 2, 902, 022 6, 688, 434 . 1 15.7 Flood control and other conservation W ater supply and sewer systems 6.3 14.5 Electric utilities Airports and other transportation.. 159, 033 1, 319, 795 426, 415 604, 512 378, 473 1, 085, 927 .4 2.9 .9 Educational, professional and clerical- Sewing, canning, and other goods projects.. 1.3 .8 Sanitation and health Miscellaneous... 2. 4 and steel. As indicated in the tabulation below, the more important items within this group in the order of their importance are cement which amounts to 11.7 percent of all purchases; lumber and its products, which represent 11.3 percent; crushed stone, 7.1 per- cent; sand and gravel, 6.9 percent; and brick and related products, 6.7 percent, Petroleum products, which are chiefly paving materials and mixtures, account for 15.2 percent of all purchases. Iron and steel products, exclusive of machinery, represent 20.8 percent of all purchases. Within this latter group, the most im- portant items are cast iron pipe and fittings which make up 6.7 percent; structural and reinforcing steel, 5.4 percent; and tools, 4.0 percent of all materials, supplies and equipment either purchased or contributed for use on W. P. A. projects. Purchases and Contributions of Materials, Supplies, and Equipment for W.P.A. Projects by Types of Materials Through December 31, 1935 Type of material Total value Grand total Construction materials, exclusive of iron and steel. _ Lumber and its products (excluding furniture) _ Paints and varnishes Sand and gravel Crushed stone _ Cement Concrete products Brick, hollow tile and other clay products Stone and glass products, etc Iron and steel products, exclusive of machinery. Structural and reinforcing steel Cast iron pipe and fittings Plumbing equipment and supplies Heating and ventilating equipment and supplies. Tools (excluding machine tools) Other iron and steel products Machinery and equipment . Electrical machinery, apparatus and supplies. Paving machinery, apparatus and supplies Motor trucks Other machinery and equipment Petroleum products. Paving materials and mixtures, bituminous. Other petroleum products.- Office supplies and equipment (including furniture) . Miscellaneous Amount Percent of total $4(5, 042, 303 100.0 24, 375, 245 52.9 5, 211,115 775, 321 3, 180, 936 3, 254, 601 5, 405, 228 2, 228, 845 3, 069, 02 3 1, 250, 173 11.3 1.7 6.9 7. 1 11.7 4.8 6.7 2.7 9, 609, 332 20.8 2. 466, 062 3, 097, 469 331, 250 295, 815 1, 848, 376 1,570,360 5.4 6.7 . 7 .6 4.0 3.4 1,417,318 3. 1 Ma. 131,632 19, 145 623,238 1.4 .3 (') 1.4 6, 963, 032 15.2 6,011,793 951, 239 13. 1 2.1 320, 162 3, 357, 214 . 7 7.3 1 I/ess than 0.05 percent. REPORT ON THE EARNINGS ON W. P. A. PROJECTS More than $170,000,000 had been paid to workers on W. P. A. projects in the form of wages prior to December 16, 1935. This sum represented payment for over 370,000,000 hours of work on thousands of different projects. A comparison of the total earnings and hours worked indicates that the rate of payment for work on the W. P. A. program is averaging about 46 cents per hour. The average hourly rate of pay on W. P. A. projects has remained relatively constant despite the rapid increase in employment and pay rolls which has occurred since the initiation of the program. Earnings, hours worked, and average hourly rates of pay by semi- monthly periods are presented in the accompanying tabulation. During the fiscal month ending December 15, 1935, the last period for which detailed data are available, the total earnings of W. P. A. workers amounted to $91,552,545. This amount was earned at an average rate of 45 cents per hour. The distribution of hours worked and earnings by types of projects during this period is presented in the table in the next column. The average hourly rate of pay for each type of project is also indicated. Hours Worked and Earnings of Persons Employed on W.P.A. Projects by Semimonthly Periods Semimonthly period ending- Hours worked Earnings Average hourly rate Prior to September 1 . . . 10, 844, 521 $5,044, 113 $0. 465 September 15.. 13, 527, 894 6, 459,314 .477 September 30 . . 21, 232, 934 9, 658, 270 .455 October 15 29, 586, 814 13, 724, 796 .464 October 31 40, 335, 429 18, 720, 964 .464 November 15.. . 54, 224, 860 25, 724, 666 .474 November 30 85,919, 152 39, 082, 081 .455 December 15 . 115, 879,899 52, 470, 264 .453 Total 371, 551, 503 $170,884,468 $0. 460 Over 41 percent of the total hours worked and over 38 percent of the total earnings were associated with projects for construction or repair of highways, roads, and streets. The average hourly rate for this type of work, 42 cents per hour, was slightly less than the average for all W. P. A. projects. Although housing projects represented a very small proportion of the total employment and earnings, such work received the highest hourly rate — 70 cents per hour. This is explained by the fact that the bulk of this work is located in New York City where relatively high hourly rates are in effect. Comparatively high average hourly rates also were paid on professional and clerical projects and on projects involving work on public buildings and on parks and playgrounds. Projects of the last-mentioned type, a considerable portion of which also is located in New York City, were second only to road projects in the proportion of hours of work and total earnings which they provided. WORKS PROGRAM 33 Hours Worked and Earnings of Persons Employed on W.P.A. Projects, by Types of Projects Fiscal Month Ending December 15, 1935 Type of project Hours worked Earnings Average hourly rate Number Percent of total A mnii n t Percent of total Grand total 201, 799, 051 100. $91, 552, 345 100. $0. 454 Highways, roads, and streets S3, 117, '1*2 41.2 34, 963, 017 38. 2 . 421 Public buildings 1 A 077 1 40 7 o, i oo, yoy 8 9 . 579 Housing _ 384, 274 _ 2 269, 340 .3 !701 Parks and playgrounds. 28, 548, 726 U. 1 14, 991, 536 16.4 .525 Flood control and other con- servation 11, 432, 308 5.7 5. 099, 249 5.6 . 446 Water supply and sewer sys- tems.. _ 15, 967, 935 7.9 7, 545, 088 8.2 .473 Electric utilities •j in, sa; .1 127, 622 . 1 . 530 Airports and other transporta- tion 3, 502, 457 1.7 1, 725, 590 1.9 .493 Educational, professional, and clerical . ... 9, 594, 915 4.8 6, 019, 488 6.6 .627 Sewing, canning, and other goods projects.. 18, 663, 172 9.2 6, 347, 801 6.9 .340 Sanitation and health.. 8, 392, 425 4. 2 3, 052, 044 3.3 .364 Miscellaneous 7, 877, 191 3.9 3, 255, 601 3.6 .413 ART, MUSIC, THEATRE, AND WRITERS' PROGRAM Employable persons on the emergency relief rolls for whom appropriate jobs must be provided under the Works Program include representatives of every group in the general population — artists, actors, musicians, and writers, as well as factory hands, farm laborers, and others more frequently alluded to. To handle the complexity of problems involved in providing em- ployment for the former group, a Nation-wide cultural program employing artists, musicians, theatre workers, and writers has been made an essential part of the Works Program. As early as August 27, 1935, the President allocated a total of $25,315,217 for this work, designated as W. P. A. Sponsored Federal Project No. 1. Given approval by the Comptroller General on September 10, 1935, the allocation included $11,284,036 for the theatre project, $1,152,663 for the art project, $3,236,- 704 for the writers' project, and $9,641,814 for music projects. A second allocation provided an additional $2,000,000 for art work on non -Federal public buildings and institutions. The products of the work financed by the latter grant belong to the sponsoring States and localities, whereas the products of the work financed by funds allocated earlier are the property of the Federal Government. Subsequent rescissions reduced the total amount actually available for the cultural programs to $21,- 811,017. This is distributed as follows: art, $2,952,- 663; music, $7,641,814; theatre, $6,784,036; and writers', $4,432,504. All the money, with the excep- tion of the $2,000,000 in the art funds made available directly to the States by Presidential letter, is subject to allotment and rescission by the Division of Profes- sional and Service Projects of the Works Progress Ad- ministration in Washington, D. C, which has final authority for the whole program. Authority to ap- prove project units has been delegated to properly qualified field officers and operations are already under way in all parts of the country. 34 WOKKS PJUKiKESS A DMI \ ISTHA'l'K )N The selection of project units to be carried on in the localities has been guided by two considerations: the abilities of the available personnel and the needs and desires of the community in question. Analysis of workers' qualifications is made by a technically quali- fied individual or committee which determines the proper classification of each person to be placed on a project unit. Not only must the qualifications of prospective workers be passed upon, but the individual or committee must also determine the exact nature of the project unit on which each person who demonstrates his ability is to be employed. This has resulted in using some professionals as leaders in recreational and leisure-time programs. Under the art project, the work varies from mural painting, sculpture, and the establishment of a museum of textile design, to art teaching, poster making, and working in various crafts. Under the music project, activities from opera, symphony, vocal, and instru- mental ensembles to dance orchestras, bands, and music library work have been included. The theatre project includes work with drama companies, mario- nette and children's theatres, vaudeville, variety, and circus projects, as well as research in many phases of theatre activity. The writers' project has been con- fined chiefly to the specific task of gathering and editing material for a comprehensive American Guide, to be published in five volumes each covering a major region of the country. However, some writers have been at j work on current narrative reports relating to Works Program activities, and plans have been made to initiate a Nation-wide survey of State and local his- torical records which contemplates compiling lists of I records and manuscripts in the possession of State, county, and local governmental units. Through December 30, 1935, a total of $18,202,440 has been distributed to the States for the four programs and this is expected to carry most of the operating projects until May 15, 1936. Of the total, $2,692,100 has been allotted for art projects; $6,604,700 for music projects; $6,320,490 for theatre; and $2,585,150 for writers' projects. Art funds and writers' funds have been forwarded to every State, music funds to 43 States, and theatre funds to 27 States. Complete data on employment under these programs (which are included in the total W. P. A. employment reported) are not yet available. It is estimated that as of January 1, 1936, art projects were employing about 3,300 persons; music projects, 12,000; theatre projects, 7,000; and writers' projects, 4,300 persons. This yields a total of 26,500 persons at work. NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION The National Youth Administration, also a part of the Works Progress Administration, was created by Exec- utive order on June 26, 1935, with a National Advisory Committee and an Executive Committee to assist in car- rying out its program. In accordance with the Presi- dent's determination to aid the unemployed youth of the Nation, the N. Y. A. was charged with responsibil- ity for initiating and administering approved projects to provide employment for persons between the ages of 16 and 25 years who are not in regular, full-time attend- ance at school or regularly engaged in remunerative employment. It was estimated that about 2,875,000 MURAL PAINTING UNDER THE W. P. A. ART PROJECT. persons in this age group were on relief or members of relief families in May 1935. Another Executive order 2 months later placed the student-aid program, previ- ously operated by the Federal Emergency Relief Ad- ministration, under the supervision of the National Youth Administration, bringing educational aid as well as youth work relief, job guidance and placement, apprentice training and youth community activities within the program. The N. Y. A. program is under the direct supervision of the Executive Director appointed by the President. State Youth Directors immediately responsible to the Executive Director conduct the work in the various States. In addition, State Advisory Committees have been appointed to assist in organizing and operating the program. Negroes are represented on the Advisory Committees of a number of States while Texas has a separate committee composed entirely of Negroes to facilitate the solving of problems of Negro youth. REPORT ON THE On August 15, the President made the first allocation to the National Youth Administration, totaling $27,- 056,268. It was distributed as follows: $11,463,768 for high-school aid, $14,512,500 for college aid, and $1,080,000 for graduate aid. The next allotment, made on November 6, provided $10,000,000 for work projects to give jobs to youths between the ages of 16 and 25 from relief families, certified as eligible for em- ployment. Expenditures were authorized as follows: community development and recreational leadership $6,090,000; rural youth development, $2,084,000; pub- lic service training, $1,324,000; and research, $502,000. On December 8 an additional allocation of $10,000,000 was made for these four types of projects. Another allocation, made on December 11, and providing $100,000 for a survey and analysis of the conditions of American youth, brings the total amount made avail- able to N. Y. A. up to $47,156,268. Funds allocated to the N. Y. A. will be used to con- duct youth work projects in the 48 States and the District of Columbia. To date only the first $10,000,- 000 of the $20,000,000 received has been allotted to the States. The remaining $10,000,000 will be distributed on about the same basis to continue the program. Another phase of N. Y. A. work relief involves placing youths on part-time jobs on W. P. A. projects and work projects being conducted by other Federal agencies. Tins work will provide some additional income to a limited number of relief families. There- fore, in choosing young persons for these jobs, prefer- ence is given to members of relief families with several dependents Wages to be paid the youth are set at approximately one-third the regular monthly earnings schedule for about a third of the total working hours authorized for other workers. It is also provided that such employment of a young member of a family group shall not be prevented by the employment of another member of the family on the regular basis. The student-aid program of the N. Y. A. is designed to assist young persons, who, without this aid, could not continue in school. It offers to high-school, col- lege, and graduate students the opportunity to earn a small sum monthly. The secondary-school aid program is expected to provide about 200,000 students with not more than $6 per month. Montldy allotments approximating $1,200,000 have been made to the States for this purpose. It is estimated that approximately 105,000 college students will be given a chance to earn an average of $15 and not more than $20 a month under the college-aid program. Montldy allotments for college students approximate $1,570,000. In addition approximately 4,700 graduate students, 2,900 of whom are candidates for masters' degrees and 1,800 candidates for doctors' degrees, are expected to be aided under the graduate-aid program. They receive an average WORKS PROGRAM 35 of from $25 to $30 a month, but not more than $40 a month. Other important phases of National Youth Admin- istration activities are the provision of job guidance and placement, apprentice training and community activities for young persons. Job placement is being conducted through existing State Employment Services and the National Reemployment Service, except in a few communities where it is handled by the schools. N. Y. A. State officials refer young persons to these agencies. In nine major communities, junior employ- ment counselors have been placed on the staff of the employment offices to facilitate the placement of young persons. A Federal Committee on Apprentice Training had been established in 1934 under the N. R. A. In the interests of economy and efficiency the N. Y. A. delegated to this committee and its affiliated State committees the task of conducting the apprentice training feature of the N. Y. A. program. The Federal and State committees are directing their efforts toward bringing together youths who wish to learn trades and employers who will provide the opportuni- ties for learning. An apprentice must be at least 16 years of age and must enter into a written agreement with an employer or an association of employers for an approved program of training. It is expected that under these apprentice agreements an increased num- ber of young persons can equip themselves for trades and useful occupations. Another function of the N. Y. A. is to encourage the extension of educational and recreational facilities and to formulate independent projects creating new facilities for young persons in undeveloped areas. Up to the present time the N. Y. A. has been contacting com- munity organizations in order to promote the planning and initiation of local projects. Through the coopera- tion of these agencies contributions of equipment, space, and leadership have been obtained. At the same time the N. Y. A. has been encouraging local, county, and State committees to plan constructive and coordinated programs for youth. The N. Y. A. program is now well under way, although specific data on the work-projects phase are at present incomplete. Some 289,000 students are now participating in the student-aid program, of whom 165,000 are secondary-school students, 119,000 college students, and 4,700 graduate students. The college- aid quota has been exceeded due to the fact that college heads have taken advantage of their right to spread their allotment out by giving students less than $15 a month. Work projects involving the employment of more than 100,000 young persons have been approved by the State Directors, and youths are being assigned to projects of the W. P. A. and other agencies, but complete data on their numbers are not yet available. 36 WORKS PKOGRESS THE COORDINATING COMMITTEE In the section concerned with technical and proce- dural aspects of the Works Program and at other points in this report nienl ion has been made of the ( 'oordinat- ing Committee. This Committee, termed in full the Coordinating Committee of the Central Statistical Board and the Works Progress Administration, was set up in June 1935 to insure that, in regard to statis- tical, survey, and research projects financed from funds made available by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, the duties of these two agencies were properly discharged. The duties of the Central Statistical Board and the W. 1\ A. in this respect had been defined, respectively, as "promoting the improvement, development, and coordination of the statistical service of the Federal ( iovernnient " and "providing for the coordination of such data-compiling projects as form part of the work relief program." To carry out the functions of the Coordinating Com- mittee, State Coordinators of Statistical Projects were appointed in each State. All statistical, survey, and research projects, in addition to receiving the same type of examination and approval as other projects in the State W. P. A. Office, are submitted to the State Coordinator for technical review and recommendation. Projects to be included in the State Program are sub- sequently forwarded by the Coordinator directly to the Coordinating Committee in Washington with Ids recommendations. In addition to W. P. A. projects the Coordinating Committee reviews and passes upon statistical, survey, and research projects proposed by other Federal agencies for operation under the Works Program. \. V. A. projects of this type arc also subject to review by the Committee. A total of 3,147 statistical, survey, and research projects have been submitted to the Coordinating Committee since its inception. These projects called for a total expenditure amounting to more than $320,- 000,000. In addition to these statistical projects, the committee has examined between 900 and 1,000 proj- ects which it ruled nonstatistical. Final action has been taken upon more than 2,500 projects. These include Federal projects sponsored by other Federal agencies directly or in cooperation with the W. P. A., as well as projects sponsored locally. Of the 34 Federal projects which had received the Coordinating Committee's approval by the end of 1935, only 18, calling for expenditures of $24,394,883, were approved by the President and put into operation. Six of these were approved for prosecution directly by the sponsoring agencies. These projects, with their operating sponsors, are listed below: The Alphabetical Index of 1900 Census Records, Bureau of the Census. Census of Business Enterprise, 1935; Bureau of the Census. ADMINISTRATION Development of Occupational Specifications, United States Employment Service. Perpetual Inventory of Unemployed, United States Em- ployment Service. Statistical Compilation and Analysis of Income Tax Re- turns, Treasury Department. Health Survey of Representative Communities, United States Public Health Service. In addition the President approved 12 projects for operation under the W. P. A., with various Federal agencies as co-sponsors. Summary of Coordinating Committee Action on Local Projects, by States State Applications received Applications approved Number Amount Number Amount United States 3 048 $198 677 997 643 $2Q ORQ 027 Alabama 95 1 807, 854 283 504 Arizona 18 ' 40s] 563 4 10l' 406 Arkansas 30 370' 535 g 104 469 California 139 7 228 RA3 41 87?' *iQ4 Colorado 47 592, 132 21 182 618 Connecticut 61 5 574 349 15 188* 183 iOOf loo Delaware 7 161 756 53 111 District of Columbia 3 44 589 23 991 Florida _ 34 1 198 217 9 212* 753 Georgia 28 2, 136] 047 9 34l] 834 Idaho.. 279^ 119 2 92 927 Illinois _ 172 10, 783,' 454 38 2 443] 555 Indiana.. 48 8^ 562^ 718 9 80 430 Iowa 44 l! 564^ 808 8 401^097 Kansas 49 1,567, 259 20 563, 885 Kentucky 65 3,414, 533 10 158, 873 Louisiana 17 544, 721 4 32, 679 Maine 26 921, 881 Maryland 16 363, 719 7 71. 957 Massachusetts 220 18, 964, 560 19 217, 216 Michigan 84 7, 003, 951 20 3, 686, 663 Minnesota 94 4, 886, 480 37 1, 409, 290 Mississippi. 26 1,074,301 1 1,668 Missouri. 29 1, 686, 303 10 425, 992 Montana 36 712,712 5 114, 821 Nebraska .. . 39 1, 731, 972 4 216, 942 Nevada 5 23, 396 New Hampshire 34 1, 276, 373 8 82,929 New Jersey 220 15, 267, 881 23 1, 133, 460 New Mexico 14 255, 640 3 28, 572 New York (Excl. N. Y. C.) 200 18, 853, 056 27 456, 461 New York City . 196 20, 175, 106 52 5, 708, 639 North Carolina .... ... 28 1, 168, 806 3 35, 103 North Dakota 46 1, 596, 572 8 121, 853 Ohio..__ _. 197 16, 264, 665 44 1, 073, 597 Oklahoma.. 34 1, 798, 962 7 151,886 Oregon 33 344, 643 12 104, 358 Pennsylvania. .. 202 9, 987, 760 46 1,575, 512 Rhode Island... 31 2, 633, 745 8 149, 296 South Carolina .. 17 1, 068, 737 2 4,911 South Dakota.. __ 15 268, 482 5 107, 772 Tennessee . . 18 1, 730, 957 2 145, 077 Texas 12 5, 028, 322 3 3, 313, 407 Utah 49 882, 538 17 314, 999 Vermont 6 29, 112 2 8, 499 Virginia . 69 2, 213, 637 20 556, 039 Washington. 68 3, 000, 074 11 663, 789 West Virginia . . . 47 3, 493, 476 3 552, 760 Wisconsin 55 7,348,081 16 417, 665 Wyoming 19 382, 840 9 99, 985 Of approximately 3,000 local projects which have been received, 643 calling for expenditures of $29,089,027 have been approved, and 1,890 calling for expenditures of $149,000,000 have been disapproved. There are now pending before the Coordinating Com- mittee 515 projects, calling for expenditures of $20,588,526. In the tabulation above are shown the distributions, by States, of the total number of local projects received and approved by the Coordinating Committee, and the amounts involved for projects in each of these categories. Project proposals were received from all States and to date projects have been REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 37 approved for all States except Maine and Nevada. In respect to type these projects exhibit considerable variety, as is indicated in the following tabulation. Summary of Coordinating Committee Action on Local Projects, by types Applications received by Committee Applications ap- proved by Com- mittee Type of project Num- ber Amount Num- ber Amount United States, total 3, 048 $198, 677, 997 643 $29, 089, 027 Agriculture 148 4, 079, 159 58 1, 278, 209 Banking, credit, securities . 12 403, 794 4 54, 653 Business and industrial . . . 255 9, 471, 257 28 1, 094, 908 Consumption and price 67 1, 431, 357 27 586, 024 Education and schools 326 6, 315, 673 58 1,096, 662 Employment, unemployment, occupa- tions - — 106 22, 508, 612 17 420, 447 Government ... .. ... . .. 528 55, 801, 046 113 9, 265, 187 Health 159 6,699, 172 42 978, 153 Historical and research _ 56 4, 456, 271 4 853, 065 Mapping 89 3, 623, 289 13 1,021,733 Natural resources 67 2, 244, 355 22 857, 279 Planning studies 146 21,963, 153 32 1, 956, 975 Population and vital statistics 175 8, 395, 339 23 438, 413 Real property, land utilization, con- struction 322 23, 334, 358 86 4, 771,018 Recreation 19 739, 437 Social problems and welfare 309 12, 040, 936 63 1, 488, 261 Traffic and motor accident surveys 259 15, 121, 146 51 2, 918, 527 Wages and income 5 49, 643 2 9,513 The Coordinating Committee believes that an analy- sis of the reasons for disapproval of projects is of major importance, particularly in planning for future projects to be conducted under mass production methods. Accordingly, a brief analysis of the reasons for disapproval has been made. One-third of the projects have been disapproved because the sponsor failed to supply information required to make an adequate evaluation. In each of the cases included under this category disapproval was given only after repeated efforts to secure required information. More than 36 percent of the disapproved projects were rejected for the reason that they were canv ass-type projects calling for visits to private individuals, business concerns, or both. Nearly 11 percent of the disapprovals were made because of major duplications of subject matter. About 3 percent were blanket type projects; approximately 5 percent were judged to be technically inadequate, statistically unsound or likely to arouse resentment. Another 5 percent were canceled by the sponsors usually as a result of the Committee's criticism of the subject matter. Nearly 4 percent of the disapprovals were made because the results would be of questionable value rather than because the techniques to be employed were unsatis- factory. The remaining disapprovals were made be- cause sponsors were unsatisfactory, or because per- sonnel was not available. SEWERS FOR SMALL COMMUNITIES. 38 WORKS PKOCRKSS A DM I \ ISTK ATI < ) \ REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 39 CHAPTER V. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION The Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, established under title II of the National In- dustrial Recovery Act, and continued by the Emer- gency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, has been authorized to make loans and grants for non-Federal construction projects of States, counties, cities, Ter- ritories, and possessions, and to conduct Federal demonstrations of slum clearance and low-rent housing. Projects in the non-Federal classification are financed by P. W. A. grants from E. R. A. funds for a portion of the project cost with the remaining funds provided either by P. W. A. loans, largely from funds made available prior to the E. R. A. Act, or directly by the local bodies sponsoring the projects. Housing proj- ects are under direct Federal supervision and are to be prosecuted entirely by direct expenditure of Fed- eral funds. NON-FEDERAL DIVISION The non-Federal program under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act as of December 26, 1935, consisted of 4,149 projects, the estimated total cost of which is $743,656,896. For this program $343,681,- 748 has been allocated from funds made available by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 (the amount warranted by the Comptroller General through Dec. 31 is $343,669,712). This sum is being used primarily for grants on a basis of 45 percent of the total estimated cost of a project. The remaining 55 percent of the funds required is to be provided either directly by the local bodies sponsoring the proj- ect or by P. W. A. loans from monies derived from the sale of securities under prior appropriations. The sources of Federal funds used for P. W. A. projects under the Works Program are presented below. Source of Funds Grants Loans Total Emergency Relief Appropriation Act P. W. A. revolving fund $333, 181, 748 i $10, 500, 000 144, 147, 148 .$343,881,748 144, 147, 148 Total Federal funds $333, 181, 748 $154, 647, 148 $487, 828, 896 1 Loan made from E. R. A. funds, accompanied by grant of $4,500,000, for one project. The projects making up this program, as indicated by the locations shown on the accompanying map, are widely distributed throughout the nation. These projects involve the following types of construction: waterworks; sewage and sewage disposal systems; schools; hospitals; courthouses and jails; streets, high- ways, bridges, and tunnels; power plants and distribu- tion systems; recreation facilities; and other similar public works. They provide a broad range of construc- tion activity creating useful employment for skilled, unskilled, and other workers on the sites of the projects, in mines, plants, and factories, and along transporta- tion lines. At the same time these projects represent capital investments which will add definitely to com- munity wealth and contribute in a substantial way to the advancement of the health, education, recreation, safety, and convenience of the citizens in every part of the Nation. The individual projects for the E. R. A. program have been selected from applications received, as pro- vided by the act, from States, Territories, possessions, including subdivisions and agencies thereof, munici- palities, and the District of Columbia, and from appli- cations for self-liquidating projects of public bodies. ONE OF THE SCHOOL BUILDINGS (DORMITORY) FINANCED IN FART BY P. W. A. FUNDS. 40 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION They ha ve been examined to determine I heir eligibility from legal, financial, and engineering standpoints in accord with the established policy of the Public Works Administration. Thorough review has assisted the local bodies to develop projects economically sound and socially desirable — suited to the needs and within the financial limits of the local community. The program includes many self-liquidating projects which, over a period of years, will permit the local community to repay any loan which it may have secured from P. W. A. In this category are a number of projects which would have been beyond the ability of the com- munity to finance had it not been for the Federal grant of a portion of the cost. The construction of these and other projects is going forward at the present time only because of the cooperation of the Federal Government through its grants of funds and its acceptance of the securities of the local bodies for loans. Actual construction on the projects is under the jurisdiction of the local bodies, which have selected the projects of greatest need to their communities and in which they are desirous of having the cooperation of the Federal Government. Uniformity in the conduct of the various activities and coordination of the work is obtained through rules and regulations founded upon the Emergency Relief Act and the rules and regulat inn- established for the entire Works Program by the Works Progress Administration. The non-Federal projects are constructed almost exclusively on a contract basis. Prevailing wages are paid throughout. Hours of work are limited to 8 hours per day and 130 hours per month. Every effort is made to exhaust relief sources in the selection of employees for these projects, although contractors are given the right to request union workers if they so desire. As of December 15, 1935, under the E. R. A. program, 398 non-Federal projects aggregating $49,801,000 were delayed from causes beyond the control of P. W. A. or the applicants. These included a number of power projects held up by obstructive litigation, the settle- ment of which is beyond the control of P. W. A. or the local body. In these cases, an extension of time for the beginning of construction has been granted. Deduction of the $49,801,000, covering delayed projects, from the total sum available left, for possible award of contracts prior to December 15, 1935, a net total of $293,881,000 in E. R. A. funds. Contracts involving $260,016,000, or 88.4 percent of this sum, had been awarded or were ready to award on that date. By December 26, 1935, a total of $325,323,220 had been allotted from E. R. A. funds as grants for 4,149 non-Federal projects with a total cost of $743,656,896. An additional $154,647,148 allotted almost exclusively from other P. W. A. funds in the form of loans and $263,686,528 furnished by the local bodies sponsoring the projects from sources other than the Federal Government made up the remainder of the total cost of these projects. Public Works Administration, Non-Fedekai, Division, Allotments Under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, by Types of Projects, December 26, 1935 1 Type of project (1) (Irand total, all types Streets and highways Koails and highways . . Streets Sidewalks and curbs... tirade-crossings elimina- tion Drainage structures... Lights, signals, and mark- ers Miscellaneous Utilities.- Sewer projects Sewage disposal plants. Sanitary sewers Storm sewers Combined sewers Sewer and water Water systems Water mains Filtration plants.. Reservoirs. . . Complete waterworks. . Garbage and rubbish dis- posal Oas plants Electric power, excluding water power Electric distribution systems. -. Power construction not water... Communications. _ Railroads and car lines. . Miscellaneous Buildings Educational buildings Secondary schools Colleges and universi- ties Other educational insti- tutions. Public libraries Municipal buildings Municipal auditoriums and armories City halls and town halls Courthouses Fire and police stations- Hospitals and other insti- tutions Penal institutions Social and recreational buildings Residential Office and administrative Warehouses, laboratories, and shops — Miscellaneous Flood control, water power, reclamation Dams and canals Storage reservoirs. . . Water power develop- ment Miscellaneous Water navigation aids Dams and canals Dredging and filling Channel rectification, lev- ees, etc Miscellaneous... Engineering structures Bridges and viaducts Wharves, piers, and docks Monuments and memo- rial shrines... Miscellaneous Aviation, physical improve- ments - Recreational.. Beaches and swimming pools Park developments Miscellaneous Num- proj- Orant value 2 Eoan value 3 Total allot- ment Estimated total cost * (2) (3) (4) (5) (0) 4, 149 $325,323,220 $154,647,148 $479,970,368 $743,656,896 ■m 17,313, 721 2, 462, 000 19, 775, 721 38, 763, 650 86 135 2 9, 582, 474 7, 037, 634 57, 272 1,339,000 830, 000 10,921,474 7, 867, 634 57, 272 273, 036 196, 364 21,293,846 15,928, 439 127, 272 606, 749 196, 364 3 273, 036 88, 364 2 108,000 6 274, 941 185, 000 459,941 610, 980 1, 109 99, 946. 807 55, 522, 177 155, 468, 984 227, 877, 341 370 196 132 25 17 41 567 51 25 43 448 54, 339, 902 OU, ! 143 Z, UUZ, it-)- 31,501,517 2, 592, 846 1, 128, 116 8, 274, 809 19, 505, 746 30,310,037 17 "V71 0/19 3, 752, 605 8, 828, 500 i A(\'> bah 1, 1l)Z, OUU 16,116,340 708, 100 701,000 5,761,300 8, 945, 940 84, 649, 939 KA inr ■> 47, 617, 857 3, 300. 946 1,829, 116 14,036, 109 28, 451, 686 123, 968,353 Q.A 'YXO. niB O'i, £.00, U<)9 21,461,957 Z, Uo / , t) 1 1 16, 236, 027 A AKi 00A 70, 703, 231 5, 763, 789 2, 477, 613 19, 085, 823 43, 436, 006 12 9 1, 157,608 240,081 993,000 101,000 2, 1.50,608 341,081 2,561,000 533, 571 66 6, 568, 346 5, 076, 500 11,644, 846 15, 828, 108 13 1, 456, 454 1, 524, 500 2, 980, 954 3, 496, 659 53 3 6 5, 111,892 1 18, 0z.> 1, 891, 655 2, 020, 740 3, 552, 000 8, 663, 892 218, 023 1, 891, 655 3, 489, 240 12,331,449 483, 887 4, 212,544 5, 074, 823 35 I, 462, 500 2. 600 171.662, 890 78, 451,221 250, 114, 111 385. 012, 659 2, 148 2 014 126, 083, 036 ill, UOU, 0\FJ 63, 853, 570 189, 936, 606 lfifi lfi^ 14^ 100, Hi) 283, 968, 194 9^0 7*10 98 11,527,575 8, 926, 225 20, 453, 800 26, 842, 620 16 20 133 2,093, 179 822, 982 12, 068, 076 299. 000 102. 500 2, 528, 790 2, 392, 179 925, 482 14, 596, 866 4,652,911 1,828,913 27, 110, 354 25 2, 333, 740 719, 290 3, 053, 030 5,201,038 39 50 19 ^ (Utlt 111 Ml J 395 1 659 674 New Jersey 4, 700. 000 2 869 3, 650 1,584 New York. . 21,983,000 3 2,856 11,995 7,408 Ohio 2 14, 800, 000 4 2,637 11,075 4,988 Oklahoma 2,000.000 1 397 1,667 951 Pennsylvania 2, 100, 000 2 379 1,592 707 South Carolina 1,650, 000 2 421 1,768 785 Tennessee 9, 400, 000 4 1,936 8, 131 3,987 Texas — 900, 000 1 196 823 428 Wisconsin 2, 800. 000 1 518 2,176 1,001 Puerto Rico 775, 000 1 298 1,252 530 Virgin Islands 250, 000 1 146 613 171 1 In addition to the total of $100,908,000 allotted for active projects, the sum of $345,050 was provided for the liquidation of commitments on projects which became inactive when the program was curtailed, and $120,000 for the purchase of two sites on which E. R. A. funds are not being used for construction. 2 Includes $850,000 of E. K. A. funds for one project for which $1,150,000 is being provided from N. I. R. A. funds. REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 43 CHAPTER VI. EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK Three major activities are grouped under this title: first, and by far the largest, is the work of the Civilian Conservation Corps; second, Emergency Conservation Work performed by Indians on Indian Reservations; third, Emergency Conservation Work in the Territories of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. All activities are under the supervision of the Director of Emergency Conservation Work, appointed by the President. Emergency Conservation W T ork was created by act of Congress, approved March 31, 1933, and was put into immediate operation through the provisions of Executive Order 6101, April 5, 1933. Original funds were provided from unallocated balances appropriated in an act to relieve destitution, approved July 21, 1932. From this act a total of approximately $92,875,200 was ultimately made available. In addition, $9,000,000 was made available from the Rivers and Harbors Act of May 15, 1933; $323,362,315 from Public 67, Seventy- third Congress (June 16, 1933); $289,450,000 under Public 412 (approved June 19, 1934); and from the loans and relief for stricken agricultural areas provisions of the latter act, $48,390,000. A total of $763,077,515 was thus provided prior to the passage of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Of the amount made available, a total of approximately $746,173,500 had been obligated for Emergency Conservation W T ork prior to April 1935. After March 31, 1935, this work was financed from funds made available under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. This act (sec. 14) continued the authority given the President by the original act of March 31, 1933. Allocations made between April 8 and October 7, 1935, for Emergency Conservation Work under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act totaled $523,479,- 450. Of this amount, $522,584,000 was for work proj- ects and expenses incurred in carrying these projects forward and in operating the C. C. C. camps; $190,450 was for administrative expenses, and allocations total- ing $705,000 (chargeable to subsec. G, sec. 1, instead of subsec. F, sec. 1, E. R. A., 1935) were made for land purchases. Emergency Conservation Work is directed from a central office in Washington which coordinates the work of the other agencies involved in the program. The Director, who has occupied his position since his appointment at the beginning of the work, is assisted by an Advisory Council composed of representatives of the Secretaries of War, Agriculture, Interior, and Labor. These four departments cooperate in carrying on the major functions of Emergency Conservation Work. To the War Department is delegated the responsi- bility for enrollment, physical examination, equipping and conditioning of enrolloes, transportation of enroll- ees, camp construction, command, administration, sup- 62768°— 36 4 ply, sanitation, medical care, fiscal affairs, welfare, and education at the camps, and discharge of enrollees. The War Department also supervises a relatively small number of work projects on certain military reserva- tions and certain flood control projects. The Office of Education (Department of the Interior) acts in an advisory capacity to the War Department in connec- tion with the camp educational program. To the Departments of Agriculture and Interior are delegated the responsibilities of selecting, planning, and executing the majority of the work projects. The major agencies under the Department of Agriculture engaged in supervising work projects are (1) the Forest Service, (2) the Soil Conservation Service, (3) the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering, (4) the Bureau of Biological Survey, (5) the Bureau of Plant Industry, (6) the Bureau of Animal Industry. The major agencies under the Department of the Interior engaged in supervising work projects are (1) the National Park Service, (a) national parks and monuments, national military parks, (b) State parks; (2) Division of Grazing; (3) the Bureau of Re- clamation; (4) General Land Office; (5) Bureau of Indian Affairs (in charge of administration as well as technical supervision for Indians on Indian Reservations). From April 1 to September 30, 1935, men have been at work in every State in the United States, the Dis- trict of Columbia, the Territories of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, engaged in more than 150 different types of work which have been classi- fied under 10 major headings as follows: (1) structural improvements, (2) transportation improvements, (3) erosion control, (4) flood control, irrigation, and drain- age, (5) forest culture, (6) forest protection, (7) land- scape and recreation, (8) range, (9) wild life, (10) other activities. Among the major specific jobs which have been completed during that time may be enumerated the following: Types of work: Vehicle bridges 2, 457 Lookout houses and towers 236 Impounding and large diversion dams 301 Fences (rods) 1, 059, 684 New truck trails (miles) 7, 988 Truck trails maintained (miles) 43, 582 Soil-erosion check dams 492, 188 Forest trees planted 114, 635, 500 Fighting forest fires (man-days of work) 442, 275 Fire presuppression (man-days of work) 463, 166 Roadside and trailside fire-hazard reduction (miles) 10,016 Fire breaks (miles) 5, 332 Tree and plant disease control (acres) 885, 996 Tree insect pest control (acres) 710, 461 Rodent control (acres) 5, 035, 615 The Department of Labor is charged with selecting prospective enrollees in the age group, 17 to 28. Through its delegated representatives in every State. 11 WORKS PROGRESS it receives applications, determines qualifications of applicants, the need of their prospective allottees (who receive about $25 of the $30 basic monthly cash allow- ance earned by enrolled men), makes final selections and instructs selected persons to appear for acceptance and enrollment by the War Department. The dele- gated representatives of (he Department of Labor in each State, termed Stale Directors of Selection, are the active heads of the relief administ rations in the several States. State quotas, based on relief loads and on the population of the several States, are used by the Department of Labor in initially determining the num- ber of selectees. Prior to the beginning of each new enrollment period, the War Department furnishes the Labor Department with an estimate of the number of new enrollees required to bring each State up to its full-quota strength. Local quotas within the Slate are allocated by the several State Directors of Selection. In order to be enrolled in the Civilian Conservation Corps (junior group), a man must be between the ages of 17 and 28, inclusive, a citizen of the United States, unmarried, unemployed, physically fit, and a member of a family on the public relief rolls. Enrollment is voluntary. The enrollee must be willing to allot a substantial portion of his $30 basic monthly cash allow- ance to his dependents. Enrollment in the C. C. C. by one member of a family does not preclude the em- ployment of another member of the same family on some Works Program project. Men enroll for a period of 6 months. This enrollment is a contract with the Government and may be broken with honor only in extraordinary circumstances or when the enrollee is offered permanent employment elsewhere. War veterans, without regard to age or marital status, are also permitted to enroll in the C. C. C. The veterans' contingent is selected by the Veterans' Administration. Each veteran selected having de- pendents is required to allot to them not less than three-quarters of his pay. The third major group of enrollees in the C. C. C. are local experienced men, not more than 16 of whom are attached to each junior company. These men are selected by the technical agencies at the camps without regard to age or marital condition — although the relief- roll provision is in effect. Such men are primarily selected to afford additional opportunities for local employment and to permit skilled woodsmen to obtain employment which would not otherwise be available. After enrollment, but before being assigned duties on work projects, enrollees are given physical training for a period of approximately 2 weeks, either in condition- ing camps or at work camps. Conditioning consists of comparatively light duties, possibly calisthenics and other exercise which will fit the enrollees for the hard physical work at the camps. In addition to the enrolled personnel, a large number of ot her workers are essential in conducting Emergency Conservation Work. These include the nonenrolled ADMINISTRATION personnel, engaged in supervisory, teclinical, profes- sional, clerical, and scientific capacities, and also the officers who command the camps, and a large body of skilled and unskilled workmenwho are necessary in camp construction and in certain phases of the work projects. As indicated in the tabulation below, total employ- ment in Emergency Conservation Work from April through December 1935 (the period during which it has been financed under the E. Ii. A. Act) fluctuated from 389,000 to 593,000 persons. On April 30 a total of 391,955 persons were engaged in tins work; a slight decline in May brought this figure down to 388,873. Subsequently, employment rose until it reached its peak on August 31, when 593,499 persons were at work. Since that date the trend lias been downward except during October, when an enrollment period produced a temporary increase in t he total employment . It is estimated that on December 28 about 519,000 persons were engaged in the work carried on by this agency. The total was composed of 459,485 enrollees and 59,443 non enrolled persons (exclusive of adminis- trative personnel in the office of the Director of Emer- gency Conservation Work). Enrollees, of whom ap- proximately 10 percent are war veterans, consist of approximately 447,000 in barrack camps in the con- tinental United States, 8,449 Indians on Indian Reserva- tions, and 4,036 in the Territories of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. Non enrolled per- sonnel includes 393 territorials, 1,050 in Indian Con- servation Work, and 58,000 connected with the C. C. C. camps wdio were engaged in supervisory, technical, clerical, professional, or similar capacities, or who were engaged in the construction and maintenance of camps and in other work recmiring special kinds of labor qualifications. Employment in* Emergency Conservation Work, by Months 1 April 30 to December 28, 1935 Date Total Enrollees Non enrolled personnel C. C. C. Indi- ans Terri- torials c.c.c. Indi- ans Terri- torials Apr. 30 391,955 341, 891 3,903 3,440 41,512 860 349 May 31_-_ 3SS, 873 329, 362 6,413 3, 496 48, 102 1, 122 378 June 30 431, 595 ;■; ig, 558 9, 574 3, 562 58, 049 1,464 388 July 31 486, 710 404, 425 9,408 3,897 67, 082 1,452 446 Aug. 31 593, 499 505, 782 10, 115 4,022 71.914 1,307 359 Sept. 30 536, 483 449, 580 9, 161 3, 922 72, 240 1, 196 384 Oct. 31 559, 033 474, 390 9, 474 4,590 69, 008 1, 162 409 Nov. 30 544, 265 470, 121 8,888 4,036 59, 748 1,079 393 Dec. 28 -- 518, 928 447, 000 8, 449 4, 036 58,000 1,050 393 1 Does not include administrative personnel in the Office of the Director of E. C. W. Obligations incurred for Emergency Conservation Work as reported by the Office of the Director totaled almost $44,180,000 during December. This brought the total amount obligated between April and Decem- ber 31, 1935, to about $391,057,000. Approximately $381,381,000 of this total represents obligations in- curred in the continental United States (excluding work on Indian Reservations). In addition $7,747,000 was used for Indian Emergency Conservation Work while the remaining $1,929,000 went for similar operation in the Territories. REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 45 CHAPTER VII. RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION The Resettlement Administration was created by Executive order on April 30, 1935, to assist destitute farm families by means of loans or grants; to aid desti- tute farm families in moving to better areas, if they so desire; to administer a program of land utilization projects; and to develop housing projects in the vicin- ity of large cities. This Administration absorbed the functions of four previously existing agencies: the Land Program of the F. E. R. A., the Subsistence Home- steads Division of the Department of Interior, the Land Policy Section of the A. A. A., and the Rural Rehabilitation Division of the F. E. R. A. It is planned to assist 525,000 destitute farm families in all parts of the country under the Rural Rehabilita- tion Program. This assistance includes readjustment of the families' indebtedness, development of farm- and home-management plans, loans for purchase or lease of necessary capital goods, with supervision to make the Rehabilitation Plan effective, and grants for subsistence goods. On November 30 there were 333,193 cases under care. Of these 85,687 were standard rehabilita- tion cases, and 247,506 were emergency cases. Stand- ard rehabilitation cases are defined by the Administra- tion as those for whom rehabilitation loans based on regular farm- and home-management plans have been approved. All other cases which receive assistance under the program are classified as emergency rehabili- tation cases. In selecting emergency cases, preference is to be given to those who offer some prospect of ulti- mately becoming standard rehabilitation cases. Be- tween July 1 and December 15 loans and grants from all funds, including Rural Rehabilitation Corporation funds, totaled approximately $15,268,000, of which about $7,531,000 came from Works Program funds. In addition to the farm families who are to be given assistance at the place where they are now residing, it is proposed to assist 20,000 farm families in moving from their present locations to places better suited to agri- culture. Approximately one-half of these families are now residing on land which is to be purchased for the land-utilization projects. The majority of the families who will be assisted in moving to new locations are to be settled in new communities which will be constructed by the Resettlement Administration. The program for land utilization involves the pur- chase of lands unsuited to agricultural production, and their withdrawal from agricultural use in order to devote them to forestation, grazing, wild life protec- tion, and the like. This development work involves the demolition of buildings and other structures, drainage, forestation, grading, building of dams, and other preparatory work. The total program as of December 5 provides for the purchase of almost 10,000,000 acres of land, all of which have been def- initely selected. Approximately 11,000,000 acres have already been formally offered to the Government at a total price of about $47,000,000. Options have been accepted on almost 6,000,000 acres which would pro- vide for 187 projects at a cost of approximately $26,500,000. Acceptance of an option is a definite commitment to purchase. All purchases completed to date have been made out of funds originally allotted to the Land Program of the F. E. R. A. Under the Works Program $20,000,000 was allocated to the Re- settlement Administration for the purchase of similar land. A sum of $15,000,000 for development of these lands has been made available to the Works Progress Administration which in turn has designated the Resettlement Administration as the agency to carry out the work. Since the amount originally requested for land utilization work was nearly tliree times the amount actually provided, it is proposed to begin work immediately on only the 137 of these projects which have already been approved by the President. As of December 15 work was under way on 90 projects. The Suburban Resettlement Division has been charged with the twofold task of finishing the former Subsistence Homesteads projects which have been approved for completion, and of developing low-cost suburban communities in the vicinity of selected large cities. The Subsistence Homesteads projects are low-cost housing projects so located that residents would be enabled to produce part of their subsistence on their own land. Construction on 16 of these projects had been completed by the Resettlement Administration by December 15. Work on 12 others is under way. Four other projects of this type are contemplated but not yet initiated. Plans for the other projects which were transferred from the Subsistence Homesteads Division are under study to determine what disposition shall be made. The selection of homesteaders has already been started for these projects, which are planned to provide 3,318 homes. Of these 1,522 have been completed and 1,261, or more than 80 percent, were occupied as of November 16. It is stated that 6,327 persons were living in these homes. More than 25,000 applications have been received. Projects to provide low-cost communities in the suburban areas of nine large cities have, been approved by the President. The total cost of these projects was estimated at $68,500,000. Thirty-one million dollars has been allotted for the work, and it is planned to develop five of the projects: Uightstown, and Bound Brook, N. J., near New York City; Berwyn, Md., near Washington, D. C; Cincinnati, Ohio; and one other site which has not yet been announced. Work on the 46 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Ld a: O O CO Z o < O u O o -J I- to u X L- Hi 4 ^F«fenFr: 5 f - 4 1 « L _ 11.-. — ) £ ! i f — / 5 5 I 2 < • i < < ' « « \ Percent of total Type of Highway: approvals On the Federal-aid highway system outside munic- ipalities 37. 9 On highways within or into municipalities, whether or not on extensions of the Federal-aid highway system 46. 2 (in secondary or feeder roads outside municipalities 15. 9 By December 31, 193f>, applications from every State, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii, totaling $153,235,138, for highway projects had been submitted, while the President had approved $14(>,1 1.0,998 of these applications. The Bureau of Public Roads had ap- proved plans and specifications for bids totaling $85,818,370; and contracts totaling $53,057,7(11 had been awarded. On the same date, grade-crossings project applications submitted by the District of Columbia, Hawaii, and all States except Louisiana amounted to $154,362,035; Presidential approvals of these projects amounted to $143,011,407; Bureau of Public Roads approvals of plans and specifications, to $51,157,633; and contracts awarded, to $28,474,929. Plansapproved and contracts awarded, together with the amounts a p port ioned for the t wo types of work are pre- sented by States in the accompanying tabulation. In addition to the Works Program highway and grade-crossings projects, the Public Works highway- construction program provided for under the Hayden- Cartwright Act is being financed partly by E. R. A. funds. The $200,000,000 program for the fiscal year 1935 authorized by this act included work on the following types of highways: Type of highway On the Federal-aid highway system outside of municipalities (not more than 50 percent of the funds could be applied) On extensions of the Federal-aid highway system into and through municipalities (not less than 25 percent of the funds could be applied) On secondary or feeder roads (not less than 25 percent of the funds could be applied) Percent Percent of total of mile- approvals age 48.6 51.8 20.4 7.5 25.0 40.7 The $100,000,000 appropriated for this purpose by the Emergency Appropriation Act of June 19, 1934, financed the work until August 1!)35, when employ- ment on the 1935 program had reached a peak of about 112,000 persons. Subsequent to that date the $100,- 000,000 provided under the E. R. A. Act of 1935 has been used for this work. Employment on the 1935 program tapered off gradually to 65,000 persons in October. However, report on the number of persons working on projects under this program financed from funds provided under the E. R. A. Act of 1935 did not become available weekly until November 16. Prior to that date, therefore, this employment was not included in the data on total Works Program employment provided under the Bureau of Public Roads. Employment under the $400,000,000 allocation for Works Program highway and grade-crossings projects began in August when Michigan got its highway-con- struction program under way. Alabama, initiated the grade-crossings program a few weeks later. By Decem- ber 28, a total of 73,353 persons were at work, including workers engaged on Works Program highway and grade-crossings pro jects, on projects operating under the 1935 Public Works highway program financed out of the $100,000,000 appropriation from K. R. A. funds, and under the alternate plan. Status of Works Program Highway and Grade-Crossings Projects December 31, 1935 State Total... Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut... Delaware District of Co- lumbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas. Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachu- setts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada N. Hampshire New Jersey. . . New Mexico. . New York N. Carolina... N. Dakota.... Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania- Rhode Island . S. Carolina S. Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington. .. W. Virginia... Wisconsin Wyoming Hawaii Highway projects Appor- tionment $195,000,000 4, 151, 115 2, 569, 841 3, 352, 061 7, 747, 928 3, 395, 263 1,418,709 900,310 949, 496 2,597, 144 4, 988, 967 2, 222, 747 8, 694, 009 4, 941,255 4,991,664 4, 994, 975 3, 726, 271 2. 890. 429 1, 676. 799 1, 750, 738 3, 262, 885 6, 301, 414 5, 277, 145 3, 457, 552 6,012,652 3, 676, 416 3, 870, 739 2, 243, 074 945, 225 3, 129, 805 2, 871, 397 11, 046, 377 4, 720, 173 2. 867, 245 7,670, 815 4, 580, 670 3, 038, 642 9, 347, 797 989, 208 2. 702, 012 2, 976, 454 4, 192, 460 11,989, 350 2, 067, 154 924, 306 3, 652, 667 3. 026, 161 2,231,412 4, 823, 884 2, 219, 155 926. u;;,; Value of plans approved by Bureau $85,818,370 3, 347,514 1,521,510 1,851,620 4, 936, 687 1, 080, 568 445, 616 719, 881 1, 151,387 483, 241 1,019,609 4, 678. 543 2, 798, 228 1,313,826 2, 538, 746 2, 258, 689 1,085,311 1,218, 264 155, 922 6, 057, 961 2, 026, 808 2, 018, 453 3, 286, 265 2, 576, 683 2, 273, 905 1, 345, 137 265, 255 1, 697, 975 1, 001, 589 5, 046, 617 1, 402, 894 177. Till 2, 130,612 2, 205, 972 1, 896, 804 633, 366 211, 192 441,841 8£3, 203 897, 646 6, 074, 079 746, 370 467, 523 1. 330, 590 1,945, 156 771, 175 1, 993. 569 971,390 195, 47 Value of contracts awarded $53, 657, 761 910, 372 1, 235, 188 1, 154,831 2, 614, 944 911.270 250,416 719, xxl 577, 536 754, 609 2, 172, 237 1, 934, 077 695, 615 1,743,206 1, 446, 564 157, 548 1, 140. 767 23, 251 4, 869. 661 v'_>, 664 896, 630 1,9.53, 129 2, 149, 893 993, 217 1,345, 137 257, 687 514, 689 979, 158 4, 670, 067 788, 691 416,021 980,612 529, 228 1, 277, 876 170, 656 93,054 296, 459 700, 405 358, 956 4,617, 043 575. 743 199. 770 1, 035, 094 1, 403, 685 577, 056 1. .'16, 7,76, 466, 592 Grade-crossings projects Appor- tionment -166, , I Value of plans approved by Bureau $51,157,633 4,034.617 1, 256, 099 3, 574, 060 7, 486, 362 2, 631, 567 1, 712, 684 418, 239 410,804 2, 827, 883 4, 895, 949 1,674, 479 10. 307, 184 5, 111,096 5, 600, 679 5, 246, 258 3, 672, 387 3,213,467 1, 426, 861 2,061, 751 4, 210, 833 6, 765, 197 5, 395, 441 3,241,475 6, 142, 153 2, 722, 327 3, 556, 441 887, 260 822, 484 3,983,826 1, 725, 286 13, 577, 189 4, 823, 958 3, 207, 473 8, 439, 897 5,004, 711 2, 334, 204 11,483,613 699,691 3, 059, 956 3, 249, 086 3, 903. 979 10, 855, 982 1, 230, 763 729, 857 3, 774, 287 3,095. 041 2, 677, 937 5, 022, 683 1,360,841 453, 703 2, 709, M9 50,000 l. 166, 640 5, 747, 763 920, 767 166, 697 1, 125, 474 637, 415 1,828,211 2, 658, 540 1, 189, 150 1,266,565 2, 050, 829 931,000 369, 193 505, 309 756, 997 4, 728, 652 928, 569 997, 003 840, 630 1, 682, 842 1, 764, 469 319, 404 140, 766 Value of contracts awarded $28, 474, 929 1, 139, 172 50,000 363,864 3, 693, 160 331, 131 644, 152 585, 369 272, 599 2. 0*3.072 846. 350 78,694 885, 814 ""175,643 756,997 2, 669, 602 458.968 273,844 203, 387 1, 648, 446 970, 181 319, 404 513,010 3, 528, 310 792, 383 173, 237 126, 599 1, 604, 387 3, 356, 010 366, 510 147, 361 126, 599 863, 517 794, 446 577, 427 236, 879 533. 928 175, 596 594, 173 203, 527 236, 879 129,616 123,822 351, 896 2, 161. 860 347, 274 474, 226 209, 501 183,506 339, 787 158, 359 306, 617 209, 501 1, 505, 885 1, 426, 048 1, 354, 716 55, 365 113, 769 685, 473 55, 365 REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 51 CHAPTER IX. OTHER AGENCIES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Engineering. — The President has ap- proved allocations of $3,195 for improvements to grounds and buildings at the Bureau's Soils Laboratory at Auburn, Ala., and $3,956 for the construction of an unloading platform and the ratproofing of warehouses at the Cotton Ginning Laboratory in Stoneville, Miss. With only slight variations, employment on these projects has been maintained at the level of December 28 when 24 workers secured from relief rolls and 2 non-relief persons were at work. Animal Industry. — In order to remove the cause of a cattle disease which had been costing the United States at least $40,000,000 annually, Congress in 1906 initiated the work of eradicating the cattle tick. Under the Bureau of Animal Industry, with the cooperation of State and county officials and cattle owners, great progress has been made toward the elimination of this costly pest. However, affected areas still remain in certain counties of Texas, Florida, and Louisiana. To eradicate the cattle tick in these three States, the Presi- dent approved an allocation of $1 ,454,000 to the Bureau. Another allocation of $200,000 was made for liver-fluke control in Oregon, Washington, Utah, and Nevada. Because of the limited amount allocated for liver- fluke control it will be possible for the Bureau only to demonstrate the means of eradicating this parasite and perhaps educate farmers to continue the work on their own initiative. The work which the Bureau is now carrying on consists of the drainage and clearing of stagnant pools and swamp lands. The remaining $28,900 of the Bureau's $1,682,900 total allocation is to be used for improvements on its field station at Brooksville, Fla. Employment on these three projects has increased steadily since work began, keeping within the require- ment that 90 percent of the workers be taken from relief rolls. However, on December 28, with a total of 714 persons at work, only about one-fourth of the estimated daily average employment had been at- tained. The low level of employment is attributed to delays in securing supplies, difficulty in securing quali- fied personnel from the relief roUs in Louisiana and Florida, wage rate and jurisdictional problems, and unfavorable weather conditions. Biological Survey. — The President has approved an allocation of $266,289 for the Bureau of Biological Survey to conserve wild life, check flood and erosion, establish waterfowl refuges, stabilize water supply, and develop recreational facilities in 21 counties of North Dakota. Owing to a local uncertainty regarding the eligibility for employment of farmers on relief, most of whom were considered under the jurisdiction of the Resettlement Administration, and to questions con- WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION REPORT ON THE cerning the rates at which farmers with teams should be paid, the work was delayed for some time. No material employment was reported until the middle of November after the Works Progress Administration had authorized the employment of the farmers whose eligibility had been questioned. Although severe winter weather is at present retarding employment, 331 persons were at work on this project on December 28. Chemistry and Soils. — An allocation of $20,000 was approved for a project involving the construction of an electric power line from Lake Butler to the Bureau's Naval Stores Station at Olustee, Fla. Subsequently, it developed that the line could be more advantageously run from Lake City, and the project was accordingly amended. Thus far it has been impossible to conclude a satisfactory agreement with the Florida Power & Light Co., which by a Florida statute is vested with the right to build such lines. The principal points of disagreement between the Bureau and the power com- pany involve the amount of funds to be expended for labor, the portion of the total cost of the project to be contributed by the company, and the question of the future ownership of the line. A proposal for an amended project has been forwarded to the Under Secretary of Agriculture for his approval. Dairy Industry. — This Bureau has received approval for one $3,000 project for repairing of roads, terracing, and fencing at one of its field stations located at Lewis- burg, Tenn. Work was started on September 16 and is expected to be completed late in January 1936. All but 1 of the 15 persons employed on December 28 had been taken from relief rolls. Entomology and Plant Quarantine. — Allocations total- ing $16,559,817 have been made to the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine for projects which are primarily concerned with the extension of its regu- lar work in control or eradication of insect pests and noxious plants in all States except Nebraska and Okla- homa. Less than 1 percent of these funds are being used for buildings and miscellaneous small repairs at field stations maintained by the Bureau in North Carolina, Texas, and Louisiana. The locations in which the Works Program activities of this Bureau are being carried on are indicated in the map on the pre- ceding page. Through the use of the regular field staff, most of whom are still being paid by the Bureau, it was possible to begin work soon after funds were made available. On June 10 the $2,730,000 project for eradicating Dutch Elm disease got under way in New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut. An exemption from the requirement that 90 percent of the workers be taken from public relief rolls was secured for the initial, scouting phase of this project, which required trained personnel. An- other exemption facilitated the purchase of supplies needed for this project. WORKS PROGRAM 53 The Bureau's most important project, for which $6,328,735 had been allotted, started on July 30. This project to protect white pine forests involves the systematic eradication of currant and gooseberry bushes which carry the blister-rust disease. The work is entirely outside the boundaries of the National Forests in which the Forest Service is carrying on sim- ilar work. Two other projects, each of which had been allotted over $2,000,000, began operations early in August. One involves the destruction of the gypsy moth, which is harmful to fruit and other trees, and the other the eradication of the common barberry bush, which serves as the intermediate host of black-stem rust. Small grains such as wheat, oats, barley, and rye are destroyed by the rust. Other projects operating under this Bureau involve the control or eradication of plant diseases and harmful insects. A survey in 19 States to determine the spread of the European corn borer is also being conducted with funds allocated to this Bureau. In beginning work on some projects, the Bureau was hampered by difficulties in securing supplies and trucks which were needed to transport workers to isolated job locations and to remove the diseased or noxious plants which were to be destroyed. After the Bureau received permission (Aug. 28) to purchase directly supplies costing $300 or less, work progressed more rapidly. Total employment reached its peak during Sep- tember and October, when an average of more than 18,000 workers was maintained. As winter approached certain projects were forced to suspend or curtail work temporarily, but the resulting decline in employment was somewhat offset by the expansion of other projects. On December 28, relief persons employed under this Bureau numbered 12,330, and non-relief workers, 790. Extension Service. — The functions of the Extension Service include educating farmers, through demonstra- tions and displays, in the best methods of increasing production. The President approved an allocation of $4,066 to this Bureau for the renovation and classifi- cation of exhibits, and improvements of the Exhibits Warehouse building in Alexandria, Va. After some delay in obtaining personnel from relief sources, the Service commenced work on October 16. Average daily employment to date on this project has been 11 persons, 9 of whom were obtained from the relief rolls. Forest Service. — The basic objective of all activities planned and supervised by the United States Forest Service is to so rebuild, develop, and manage forest lands that they may adequately contribute to the per- manent support of the Nation's population. Under the Works Program the Service has received allocations totaling $13,827,500 to carry on activities projected WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION CO & — > a. O < o o |5 2§ pig > Hi id 5 " - 1 Sis REPORT ON THE along the same lines as its regular work, which includes the construction and maintenance of firebreaks, lookout houses and towers, landing fields, telephone lines, roads and trails, range fences, shelterbelt and forest planting and tree nurseries, thinning of forest stands, fire pre- vention and control, control of destructive animals and vegetation, surveys of forest resources, and the develop- ment of fish and game preserves. The map on the preceding page indicates where this work is being carried on. A land acquisition program providing for the expend- iture of $12,000,000 for purchase of lands within or contiguous to the National Forests has also been ap- proved. Of the $12,000,000 total, $500,000 has been tentatively set aside to make surveys and appraisals in connection with land purchase, and $250,000 reallo- cated to the Legal Division of the Department of Agri- culture for the administrative expenses of necessary legal investigations relative to the land acquisition, while the balance ($11,250,000) is to be utilized for the purchase of approximately 3,000,000 acres of land for the National Forests. The National Forest Reserva- tion Commission, which must pass on all land acquisi- tions for the above purpose, has already approved purchases to the value of $9,565,624. Work started on the Forest Service project on June 25. Employment increased rapidly, exceeding the estimated daily average of 14,584 by early September. After reaching a peak of almost 20,000 persons in October, employment dropped off with the onset of winter weather to a total of 14,824 persons on Decem- ber 28. Plant Industry. — In practically all major agricul- tural areas in the United States, the Bureau of Plant Industry operates field stations and laboratories to conduct research in the development and selection of crops. The Bureau has received 11 Presidential allo- cations totaling $43,500 for miscellaneous repairs and improvements to buildings located at nine of these field stations. Total employment on December 28 was estimated as 98 persons, of whom 96 percent had been taken from relief rolls. Due to a local shortage of labor, the $3,700 project at Willard, N. C, has not yet commenced operations. Soil Conservation Service. — Erosion control has been carried on by this Service since its creation in 1933. With the destructive dust storms in the Middle West during the summer of 1934 emphasizing the importance of, and need for extension of this work, the President allocated $25,000,000 to the Service. Subsequently $4,000,000 of tliis amount was rescinded and trans- ferred to the Department of Agriculture for admin- istrative purposes. The major part of the remaining $21,000,000 is being spent for practical demonstration projects, 144 of which are now operating in 41 States. These are supplemented by research and survey work, and nursery projects established for experimentation WORKS PROGRAM 55 with and growing of various types of vegetative soil binders. Less than 10 percent of the amount allocated will be used for the latter types of work. The map on the following page indicates the location of the Works Program activities of the Service. Demonstration projects are set up in representative soil and agricultural areas on both public and private lands where erosion has already caused much damage or threatens to do so. On private lands a 5-year con- tract is entered into by the farmer and the Service, under which the Service supplies such materials, labor, and machinery as are necessary, while the farmer sup- plements these with such materials, labor, and personal services as he can afford. A farm management schedule is laid out which the farmer obligates himself to follow. It was planned to initiate a sufficient num- ber of projects to make the opportunity of viewing the work available to all farmers. In instances where demonstration projects are carried out on public lands, all arrangements are made with the agency which has jurisdiction over the lands. On nursery projects, trees, shrubs, legumes, and vari- ous types of vegetation are grown for transplanting to demonstration projects. The research projects operate in various parts of the country to determine the rela- tionship between various conditions of soil, slope, cli- mate, and methods of land use. Hydrologic studies and studies of siltation and the behavior of silt-laden streams are carried on, as well as survey work to provide an inventory of the physical condition of the land, as a basis of a planned program. The Soil Conservation Service has received several exemptions from the ruling that at least 90 percent of all persons working shall have been taken from the public relief rolls. The first provided that a portion of the funds allotted for materials might be spent for addi- tional supervision, incidentally permitting the number of nonrelief employees to exceed 10 percent of the total, although not reducing the actual number of relief per- sons to be employed. Another exemption from the 90- percent relief provision was granted to prevent the dis- charge of 710 workers who had previously been em- ployed by the Service and had been paid out of P. W. A. funds. Permission was also secured to hire tractor and ter racer operators from nonrelief sources, provided that the relief rolls were exhausted of such labor. Indians who are the only workers available in certain parts of the Southwest are numerically the most important type of labor exempted from the relief provision. Permis- sion has been granted by the Service to hire Indians, most of whom are wards of the Federal Government, without regard to their relief status. Indian labor is estimated at more than 80 percent of the total number exempted. Starting on August 16, when about 1,000 persons were at work, employment increased steadily, reaching the estimated daily average of 21,600 before the end of 56 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION £2 u I — o 2 Q_ O O Q cr bj :z o o o if) REPORT ON THE October. By December 28 almost 32,000 persons were at work. 1 1 < ather Bureau. —On August 30 the Weather Bureau received an allocation of $17,700 for a study to develop a method of long-range weather forecasting, to be carried on at three of its stations. The beginning of the study was delayed until October 28, pending the development of a machine which was ultimately found to be of insufficient value to warrant its use on the project. The estimated daily average employment of 18 persons was reached on December 7 and has been maintained to date. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Census. — Total allocations of $9,881,948 have been made to the Bureau of the Census, whose program includes three projects: the Alphabetical Index of the Census of 1900, with an allocation of $1,804,948; the Census of Business Enterprise of 1935, $7,784,000; and the Survey of Retail Trade, $293,000. Because of the changes in monthly earnings schedules in St. Louis and Philadelphia where these projects are located, labor costs have increased and further allot- ments have been requested to supplement the funds already provided. These have been refused. Certain savings, however, will be effected by the combination of the Survey of Retail Trade with the Census of Business Enterprise of 1935. Need for the Alphabetical Index of the Census of 1900 is a result of recent security legislation on the part of several States and the Federal Government. In lieu of direct information, the Bureau of Census will be called upon to furnish the ages of individuals as shown by Census records. During the first year of operation under the Social Security Act (effective from July 1, 1935), it is estimated that the Bureau will receive from 350,000 to 500,000 such requests, and probably 100,000 per year thereafter. The constant physical handling of the Census records would result in great wear, pre- senting an immediate need for transcribing the records to cards, as contemplated by the project. These cards are to be indexed by family, a system which it is esti- mated will effect a saving of two-thirds of future han- dling cost. This project will have an estimated average daily employment of 2,573 persons, about one-fourth of whom will be women. The Census of Business Enterprise, which will begin actual scheduling soon after the close of the calendar year 1935, will provide for the first time a reasonably complete inventory of the essential and comparable items of information concerning all lines of business in the United States, and will extend in important directions the information already existing with respecl to some of these items. An integral part of the proj- ect will obtain new information concerning small-scale production activities not included in the Census of WORKS PROGRAM 57 Manufactures. It is estimated that the average daily employment on this project will exceed 20,000 persons. Operated in conjunction with the Census of Business Enterprise, the Survey of Retail Trade is of particular interest because of the completeness with which it is planned to obtain data for this form of commercial enterprise. By administrative order the Census of Business Enterprise in combination with the Survey of Retail Trade has been exempted from the monthly earnings schedule. Payment will be made on a piece- work basis except in the case of tabulating work. The entire census will not be completed for 2 years, although most of the work will be finished by the summer of 1936. While the estimated number of man-years of em- ployment to be provided by the Bureau's program which started on September 16 totals 12,354 persons, the number actually employed during the week end- ing December 28 was 3,094. A marked rise is expected after scheduling for the Census of Business Enterprise is begun. Fisheries. — To the Bureau of Fisheries, which is pri- marily concerned with the protection and conservation of aquatic life, the President allocated $175,000 for the construction of fish hatcheries and necessary fish- culture facilities, such as artificial ponds. For the improvement of salmon spawning streams in south- east and central Alaska, repairs to the Bureau's marine railway, and destruction of predatory enemies of sal- mon in Bristol Bay, another allocation of $55,996 was made. The fish hatcheries are located in four States, Mon- tana, Texas, New Mexico, and North Carolina. Preliminary work was to be done under contract and the first part of the project started in Texas on Octo- ber 3. In Glacier Park, Mont., the arrival of cold weather necessitated the postponement of work until spring. In New Mexico and North Carolina, con- struction is progressing according to schedule. Work on the Alaska project started on October 1 and is now employing about 129 persons. Total employ- ment under this Bureau was maintained above or near the estimated daily average of 340 persons until recent declines brought the number at work on De- cember 28 down to 176 persons. Lighthouses. — An allocation of $20,000 was made to this Bureau to construct roads and make minor repairs on lighthouse reservations in Michigan, Ore- gon, Washington, and California. The work got under way on October 19. Employment increased rapidly to a peak of 81 persons on December 14, dropping to 52 on December 28 due to the completion of work in Washington. Because of a shortage of relief labor near Point Sur, Calif., a temporary camp is to be established to take care of relief labor obtained from other localities. WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Standards. — At the suggestion of the National Resources Committee and most of the Federal agencies dealing with various aspects of housing, the Bureau of Standards in July requested $N50,()00 for the pur- pose of testing building materials, particularly in rela- tion to low-cost housing programs. On November 16 an allocation of $75,000 was approved, necessitating considerable contraction of the program originally planned. In addition to actual testing, the program will include the inspection of buildings in various parts of the country to determine the effect of time and \\ ea I her upon them. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Alaska Road Commission. — Allocations totaling $426,500 were made by the President for the comple- tion of a road between the farming community at Matanuska Valley and the market town at Anchorage, Alaska, providing funds for the preparation of the load bed, gravel surfacing, and the const ruction of necessary bridges. To provide funds for the clearing of rights of way, grading, and surfacing on about 30 miles of roads which are feeders to this main highway, further allocations of $245,000 were made. Administrative orders exempt the Commission from the regulation providing that only persons certified for assignment to work by the United States Employment Service shall be employed upon projects, and from pay- ment of the regular monthly earnings schedule. Since the projects had been started under P. W. A. funds, it was possible to begin work immediately after the first allocation, and to maintain an employment level of approximately 80 percent of the estimated daily average from the middle of July until October 12. Thereafter adverse weather conditions necessitated a gradual reduction of personnel which totaled 79 relief and 47 non-relief workers on December 28. Bituminous Coal Commission. — The Bituminous Coal Commission was created by an act of Congress on August 30, 1935. On November 8, Presidential ap- proval was given for an allocation of $90,000, providing funds to supplement the regular work of the Commis- sion by assembling the facts necessary for a study of the bituminous coal industry and the industries depend- ent thereon, and to present a plan to provide for miners now on relief. ( it uloi/iral Surrey.- The President lias allocated $10,000 to the Geological Survey for miscellaneous improvements to the United States Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 in the Elk Hills oil fields at Kern County, Calif. While the administrative details are being handled by the Geological Survey, actual super- vision of the work is being undertaken by the Navy Department. On December 28, the workers on this project numbered 24. National Park Service.- — On November 20, the President approved an allocation of $150,000 to the National Park Service for a preliminary survey of approximately 150 miles of the Natchez Trace Park- way in Mississippi. This project will include the draw- ing of maps, the locating of historic places, and the preparation of plans and specifications for the Park- way Development Project for which $1,350,000 was allocated on the same date. The development proj- ect will consist of grading work, construction of drain- age facilities, and marking and developing of historic sites along approximately 40 miles of the Natchez Trace Parkway between Natchez and Tupelo. The survey is to be conducted under force account, while the actual development work will be let out by con- l met . I'nder an interbureau agreement in effect for road projects under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, the Bureau of Public Roads will supervise the actual work on this project. The National Park Service has therefore recently requested that the rules and regulations in force for Public Roads projects be applied to this project also. The remaining portion of the Service's $1,510,000 allocation is explained by the pending rescission of a $10,000 tree survey project (Sequoia National Park) which at the end of the year had not yet been acted upon by the Comptroller General. Office of Education. — On October 14, the President approved allocations totaling $2,025,219 for five projects for assistance to educational, professional, and clerical persons to be conducted by this Bureau. Treasury w arrants were countersigned by the Comp- troller General on November 8. Rescissions of $959,965 followed by reallocations of $919,602 of this amount reduced the total allocations to $1,984,856. The rescissions, however, have not yet been acted upon by the Comptroller General. The purpose of the Survey of School Problems Project, for which $844,602 has been allotted, is to make a study of the administration of 127,000 local school units with a view toward reorganizing school districts. An allocation of $500,000 has been made for vocational research work winch contemplates a study of the relation of certain abilities, aptitudes, and in- terests of students and their later achievements. A Nation-wide survey of the needs and opportunities for the vocational and educational guidance of Negroes is planned under an allocation of $234,934. Another allocation of $75,000 has been set aside for a radio educational program which involves the preparation and presentation of radio programs to clarify the activities and purposes of Govern- ment relief and other activities. The fifth project, for which $330,320 has been allocated, involves the establishment of civic education centers to facilitate debates and open forum discussions of cur- rent problems, government, economics, and cultural subjects. 60 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Office of Indian Affairs. — To the Office of Indian Affairs is delegated the management of all activities involved in relations with the Indians. Under the Works Program an allocation of $2,000,000 was ap- proved for this agency. In accordance with the provi- sion that a portion of the amount available may be expended for direct relief to the unemployable Indian wards on the various reservations, $500,000 has been tentatively set aside for this purpose. The remaining $1,500,000 will be used for work projects involving the construction and repair of houses, barns, and out- buildings; improvement of wells and springs for do- mestic water supply; the making of furniture and other handicraft products; and the clearance of land for gar- dens and small farms. Preliminary plans for prosecut- ing the direct relief feature of this project have been completed, while tentative plans for the construction work are awaiting the approval of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. The Comptroller General has not yet countersigned the warrant covering this project. Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration. — The Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration was created by Executive order on May 28, 1935, to take the place of the Puerto Rico Emergency Relief Admin- istration which had operated from August 1933. The functions of the new Administration are "to initiate, formulate, administer, and supervise a program of approved projects for relief and work relief and for increasing employment in Puerto Rico." Allocations totaling $32,152,380 have been approved by the President for six types of projects; rehabilitation, forestation, slum clearance, rural electrification, school building, and ot her construction. Rescissions of $2,960,- 540 and an allocation of $850,000 have not yet been approved by the Comptroller General. The diversified program made up by these projects is designed to contribute to the agricultural, industrial, and social welfare of the island. The rehabilitation program provides for the resettlement of destitute agriculture workers on subsistence farms. Processing plants, work shops, and marketing facilities are being developed and a program to eradicate cattle ticks and the bud rot which is destroying cocoanut trees is being worked out. Workers will be taught new methods of farming, intended to help them become self-supporting. Erosion control and rebuilding the forests which have been devastated by hurricanes are the outstanding features of the forestation program. Forestation is important because without trees to shade the coffee plants, the production of coffee is greatly reduced. The elimination of the badly crowded living quarters, which are partly responsible for the high mortality rates in Puerto Rico, and their replacement with modern dwellings is the object of the slum clearance projects. In connection with this program a cement factory is being constructed in order that this building material may be obtained locally. Since Puerto Rico has no local coal or oil supply, construction of five hydro- electric power plants is included under the rural electrification program of the P. R. R. A. The power produced in these plants (which will be turned over to the Insular Government on their completion) will be used to operate industry throughout the island. The diversity of Puerto Rico will also benefit under the Works Program to the extent of several new buildings. Employment on the Administration projects started in October when the forestation program got under way. As other projects or sections of projects started operations, employment expanded rapidly until about 14,000 persons were employed on December 28. It is expected that employment will increase at an even more rapid rate after January 1 when the rehabilitation program expands. Reclamation. — The Bureau of Reclamation is charged with the construction and operation of irrigation developments, and the supervision of the settlement and improvement of irrigated lands. The regular program of the Bureau is being continued and ex- panded under the Works Program. Thirty projects, involving allocations amounting to $82,650,000 have been approved. These projects may be summarized as follows: Kind of project Number of projects Value of allocation Continuation of reclamation projects formerly financed by P. W. A. funds... 12 10 4 1 3 $45, 815, 000 13, 085, 000 18, 000, 000 5, 000,000 750,000 Expansion of existing reclamation projects financed by Rec- lamation funds . New reclamation projects Flood-control portion of P. W. A. project (Colorado River, Tex.) Economic and engineering investigations of reclamation projects _ Details concerning individual projects may be found in the table on the page 62, while their location is in- dicated in the map on the following page. Typical of projects in the first group is the All- American Canal, in California. The old P. W. A. allotment of $9,000,000 is practically exhausted, and the new allotment of $13,000,000 will enable the Bureau to complete this irrigation canal, located in arid desert land in the southeast corner of California. Other notable projects in this classification include the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington ($20,000,000 E. R. A. allotment), which had been given $15,000,000 under a prior P. W. A. allotment. Contracts for the entire project, including construction of a power plant, totaled almost $30,000,000, and most of the $20,000,000 of E. R. A. funds will go for these contracts; the balance is necessary for a supervisory force. The cofferdams on the project are already nearly completed. The Central Valley, Calif., project is the largest of the new projects which are completely financed by REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 61 LOCATION OF PROJECTS BUREAU OF RECLAMATION WORKS PBOGRCSS ADMINISTRATION tCBRUARY 13. 1936 62 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Works Program funds. The total cost of dams, reser- voirs, and related structures will run up to $1.5,000,000. Its purpose is to store and conserve the flood and waste waters of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and their tributaries so that the entire How can be used for flood control, irrigation, improvement of navigation, and protection against injury of the delta at the junc- tion of the two rivers. Work under the Bureau of Reclamation is in gener al conducted under contract, with materials furnished by the Procurement Division of the Bureau. Regular employees of the Bureau perform all inspection and supervision. Installation of machinery is usually carried on under force account. Exemptions from the 90-percent relief labor require- ment have been granted to the Bureau in several cases, due mainly to two special circumstances. Because of the remote location of many projects, it was evident that a considerable number of skilled workers would not be available from relief rolls. In addition many projects involve the continuation of previously existing contracts, and exemption became necessary in order to continue or renew the contracts on the same basis. Bureau of Reclamation, Status of Puojkcts December 31, 1935. State \ ri/uTin Do..-- California. Do.... Idaho.. Do Montana Do Do New Mexico. Oregon Do. Do 1 In South Dakota Texas Utah Do... Do Do... Washington. . Do Do Do... Wyoming Do.. Do.. Various. Do. Do. Locality Gila Salt Kiver. Al 1 - A mer i can Canal. Sacramento Arrow Rock.. Boise Payette. Frenchtown... Sun River Bitter Root... Carlsbad Burnt River. . Deschutes Owyhee Vale.. Belle Fourche Colorado River.. Moon Lake Ogden Provo River do Columbia Basin. Grand Coulee Yakima.. Yakima Roza Casper Powell.. Riverton Colorado River Drain Basin. Various Klamath Falls. Type of work Canal construction.. Dam reservoir spill- way improve- ment. Diversion dam ca- nals, structures. Dams, reservoirs, and structures. Dam improvement.. Canal construction.. Canals and laterals.. Drainage Reclamation Dam and reservoir. . do.. ..._do__ Canals, laterals, and structures. Reclamation do. Flood control Dam reservoir Dam construction... Reclamation do Mapping Power plant Reservoir spillways. Canals, dams.. Reservoir construc- tion. Canals. ._ Reservoir River survey Water resources in- vestigation. Irrigation Amount of alloca- tion 10, 3, 500, 000 13,000,000 15, 000, 000 600,000 1,000,000 MM 715, 000 .'on. nnn 1,000,(1)0 500,000 500. i 500, 000 340,000 70,000 5, 000, 000 240, 000 500, 000 660, 000 1, 600, 000 250,000 20, 000, 000 280, 000 1. 8, 000, 000 1.500.000 1,000,000 250, 000 250,000 135, 000 Date work started or is expected to start Nov. Sept. Is. 1 1135 1, l'J35 Oct. 1,1935 Oct. 22, 1935 Sept. 2, 1935 Oct. 15.1935 Feb. 1, 1936 Jan. 15, 1936 Do. Oct. 14,1935 Sept. 19, 1935 Oct. 1, 1935 Mar. 1, 1936 Oct. 1, 1935 Oct. 9, 1935 Mar. 1, 1936 Jan. 25,1936 Apr. 1, 1936 Do. Sept. 1, 1935 1, 1935 15, 1935 16, 1935 3, 1935 Aug. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. 7, 1935 Oct. 1, 1935 Nov. 16, 1935 Oct. 5, 1935 Jan. 15, 1936 Five major stages of operation describe the progress of any of these projects. They are: initial survey work; preliminary force-account work; advertising specifications for bidding and awarding of contracts; assembling of materials, supplies, and equipment on the site by the contractor; and active construction. It has been the Bureau's practice to have all survey work completed before the Government construction crew moves in. For this reason employment on the Central Valley, Carlsbad, Salt River, Boise Payette, Burnt River, and Riverton projects, which are in the first stage, is at a minimum. Slightly more than 100 men were at work in this group on December 28. After completion of the survey work the Government construction forces build laboratories, roads, houses, and power and telephone lines. The Colorado River, Tex., project is in this second stage, and employed 205 men on December 28. In the fourth and fifth stages of completion may be cited Grand Coulee, Wash. ; Vale, Oreg. ; Casper- Alcova, Wyo. These three projects had 3,900 persons at work on December 28. Total employment on that date was 4,353 persons, 4,186 of whom were non-relief and 167 relief workers. St. Elizabeths Hospital. — On August 22, the President allocated $9,500 for improvements and repairs on St. Elizabeths Hospital, an institution for the treatment of mental diseases, in Washington, D. C. It is esti- mated that 60 percent of the total amount will be spent for labor. Due to the scarcity of relief labor in the District of Columbia, the commencement of work was delayed until November 7. The duration of this project has been extended from 4 to 7 months for the same reason. '/'( in jxinirif (Ion riiiiunt of tin Virgin Islands. Presidential approval was recently given for three projects to operate under the Temporary Government of the Virgin Islands. The total allocation of $434,600 includes $192,000 for road construction, $151,200 for the development of six island communities, $91,400 for the development of a Government-owned hotel and cottage group at St. Thomas. These projects in common with those of other agen- cies operating in the Territories have been exempted from the monthly earnings schedule and from the rule requiring the services of the United States Employment Service. Preliminary work, such as the drafting of plans and specifications, and classification of personnel has already started while the land-acquisition program was expected to get under way about January 1, 1936. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Immigration and Naturalization. — The Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization has received a Presi- dential allocation of $179,895 for miscellaneous repairs to four of its immigration stations located at Boston, Mass. ; Detroit, Mich. ; Ellis Island, N. Y. ; and Glou- cester City, N. J. The expected employment quota of 200 had almost been reached on December 28, when 166 persons were at work. The projects, prosecuted under force account, are expected to last until the end of June 1936. United States Employment Service. — Apart from its function as employment agency for the Works Program the United States Employment Service has undertaken two research projects. One, for which $350,100 was REPORT ON THE allocated by the President, is a study to determine those skills wliich are common to several occupations. The need of such information has long been felt. The second project, amounting to $550,000, involves an in- ventory of such characteristics as occupation, sex, and age of workers seeking employment. This inventory is to be performed by tabulating the records (estimated to represent between 8 and 9 million persons) of the various United States Employment Offices throughout the country. A large temporary staff is now being em- ployed for this project to take information from the records, while at a later date a relatively small number of persons will be used for the machine tabulation. The Occupational Analysis Survey was employing 285 persons by December 28, while the Labor Inven- tory project had 1,103 persons at work on the same date. The total number of 1,388 employed on both projects was 19 percent above the estimated daily average. NAVY DEPARTMENT Yards and Docks. — One of the nine bureaus in the Navy Department, the Bureau of Yards and Docks, has assigned to it all activities connected with the design and construction of buildings, utilities, ways, and other structures intimately connected with marine activities. Its projects, operated under the Works Program, deal with general rehabilitation and improve- ment of yards and docks, water-front grounds, marine barracks, buildings, transit and storage projects, as well as with a number of construction projects on build- ings, quays, drydocks, etc. The President approved allocations totaling $17,378,470 for the Bureau. Three rescissions totaling $33,000 subsequently reduced the amount to $17,345,470. The program got under way early in August and by December 15 operations had started on all but one of the 227 approved projects. One project, with an allot- ment of $5,700 for work at the Norfolk (Va.) Navy Yard, has already been completed. Employment expanded as projects commenced op- erations until on December 28 there were 17,369 per- sons at work on the 225 active projects. Of these, 16,168 or 93 percent had been taken from the relief rolls. This ratio of relief to nonrelief workers has been maintained throughout in the face of shortages of skilled labor on the relief rolls at Pensacola, Fla.; Annapolis and Indian Head, Md.; Mare Island, Calif.; Parris Island, S. C; and Washington, D. C. In order to expand employment, the Bureau was obliged to provide transportation to and from the place of work in a number of instances. TREASURY DEPARTMENT Coast Guard.- — Forty-eight Coast Guard projects totaling $5,263,995 have been approved by the Presi- dent. These projects fall into three main categories WORKS PROGRAM 63 which fit in with the usual work of the Bureau: first, repair of Coast Guard stations; second, repair of the Bureau's coastwise telephone lines; third, the construc- tion of Coast Guard boats. The telephone repair projects are conducted under force account, while the two other types are generally handled under contract. A few projects are not yet in operation. Delay until now has been due in part to the technical difficulties involved in letting boat-building contracts. On De- cember 28, persons at work on Coast Guard projects numbered 609. Internal Revenue.- — The Bureau of Internal Revenue has instituted three surveys in connection with the collection of income taxes, miscellaneous or "nuisance" taxes, and alcohol taxes. This work is being conducted in greater detail than would have been possihle under the Bureau's regular appropriation. For this purpose the President allocated $5,083,487. It is stated that the amount of taxes which will be collected as a result of these projects will considerably exceed their cost. A total of 3,423 persons were engaged in this work on December 28. Procurement. — The Procurement Division, which includes the Office of the Supervising Architect, has been granted $530,784 for a project for the decoration of public buildings. Since considerable difficulty was encountered in finding a sufficient number of qualified artists on relief to fill the employment quota, the re- quired proportion of workers to be drawn from relief rolls was reduced from 90 to 75 percent. Employ- ment expanded after the granting of this exemption, and 218 persons were at work on December 28. A second project involving miscellaneous improvements, for which $12,800 was allocated, has been turned over to the Iowa State W. P. A. for prosecution. Public Health. — An allocation of $3,450,000 has been made to this Bureau for a survey of public health. Three main lines of investigation are to be followed: a study of chronic disease, information for which is being obtained by a house-to-house canvass in selected cities; a study of occupational mortality and morbidity, based on the records of sick-benefit associations; and a study of hospital facilities and out-patient clinics. On December 28 a total of 4,343 persons were at work. Secretary's Office. — The Office of the Secretary of the Treasury has received an allocation of $1,200,000 for a study of income tax returns, which is to supplement the annual report on "Statistics of Income." Informa- tion is being assembled at various local Internal Reve- nue Offices and sent to Baltimore, Md., for tabulation. On December 28 there were 941 regular workers employed in addition to 46 young persons, working one-third the regulation hours and receiving one-third the usual pay, who were supplied through the National Youth Administration. 64 WORKS PROGRESS WAR DEPARTMENT Corps of Engineers. — The nature of the work con- ducted by the Corps of Kngineers (Division of Rivers and Harbors) under the Works Program closely resem- bles its usual activity under the War Department. It involves flood control, development of hydroelectric power, construction of reservoirs, improvement of streams, and other river and navigation work, such as dredging and broadening channels to improve inland transportation. Only projects costing more than $25,000 are usually handled by the Corps of Engi- neers, while similar projects involving less than that amount and not directly related to War Department work are being prosecuted by the W. P. A. Project proposals submitted to the W. P. A. are referred directly to the District Engineers of the various Engineers Divisions having jurisdiction over the region involved for analysis of engineering sound- ness and feasibility. With the District Engineers rests the decision as to whether projects are to be pros- ecuted by the Corps of Engineers or by the W. P. A., as well as the actual supervision of the projects in operation. In addition, certain members of the Corpd of Engineers have been appointed general engineering consultants to the W. P. A., to facilitate the speedy and efficient development of the Works Program. Allocations totaling $129,686,169 have been made to the Corps of Engineers for 90 work projects, the location of which is indicated in the map on the fol- lowing page. An additional $2,000,000, half for ad- ministrative purposes and half for land purchase, has also been allocated. Another million dollars for the Bluestone Reservoir had been provided prior to the passage of the E. R. A. Act. About $42,000,000 of the total was made available for 34 projects involving flood control, the development of hydroelectric power and the construction of reservoirs, while the remaining $88,000,000 covers 56 projects for dredging, channel improvement, and general improvement of inland water transportation. More than 90 percent of the total amount will be used for 30 projects of major importance in these two groups, among which the slack-water channel improve- ment on the upper Mississippi River, dike construction on the upper Missouri River, dam and reservoir con- struction at Fort Peck, Mont., and channel construc- tion at Los Angeles are outstanding. There is also provision for initial work on four projects for which the funds made available represent only a small portion of the total completion cost. These are the Trans- Florida Ship Canal connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Gulf of Mexico, the Passamaquoddy project to develop the utilization of tidal power for the genera- tion of hydroelectric power, the Bluestone Reservoir for flood control and hydroelectric power on the New River in West Virginia, and the Sardis Reservoir for ADMINISTRATION flood control on the Yazoo River System in Mississippi. Of the 90 approved projects all but three have st ail- ed work. The allocation on one of these ($1,000,000) was not received until December 19, and the warrant was signed on December 27. The project at Ocean City Harbor, Md., has already had its contract awarded, while the Sardis River project is awaiting the pur- chase of land. By the end of December, 13 projects, for which $687,000 had been allocated, were reported as complete. These are listed below. Location: Allocation Bellingham, Wash $16, 000 Green River, Ky 2, 000 Rock River, 111 25, 000 Crie Haven Harbor, Maine 40, 000 Honga River, Md 40, 000 Rouge River, Mich 30, 000 Rochester Harbor, N. Y 67, 000 Shipyard River, S. C 35, 000 Chickasaw Creek, Ala 42, 000 St. Clair River, Mich 50, 000 Norfolk Harbor, Va 100, 000 Columbia River (near Vancouver), Wash 140, 000 Columbia River, Oreg 100, 000 Kmplovment on Corps of Engineers projects lias increased gradually to a total of 37,288 persons on December 28. This figure represented about 41 per- cent of the estimated daily average for the projects in operation. About 74 percent of the total persons working had been taken from the relief rolls, a ratio which has remained practically constant since the commencement of the program. Certain difficulties delayed the expansion of em- ployment before December 1. A shortage of labor in certain areas resulted in the suspension and subsequent rescission ($3,205,000) of 7 projects and the partial rescission of 13 others ($12,825,000). Loss of time prior to the granting of exemptions, the reluctance of workers to accept employment at projects too distant from their homes, and problems arising from the trans- portation of these workers and others to projects in more remote places hampered progress. Difficulties involved in the purchase or condemnation of land also delayed the program, as well as adverse weather which has caused the suspension of two projects for the duration of the winter. Quartermaster Corps. — The Quartermaster Corps has supervision over work projects for construction, im- provements and repairs at Army forts, posts, National Guard camps and national cemeteries. Allocations totaling $14,672,766 have been made for these purposes. By December 15, all but 7 of the 227 projects ap- proved for the Corps had started work. Of these, two, with allocations recently received totaling $700,000 for work in the Panama Canal Zone, were not counter- signed by the Comptroller General until December 27. Four other projects amounting to $17,900 were sus- pended and the one remaining project is expected to REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 65 i Ld "5 O or Ql L_ O fee O o 66 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION start after January 1, 1936. In addition to the seven inactive projects mentioned above, nine others have been temporarily suspended because of winter weather, but will start again as soon as work is possible. With three exceptions all the projects of the Quartermaster Corps are being prosecuted entirely on a force-account basis. The other three are only partly contract work. Work has begun or- bids have already been advertised on all the contract jobs. Employment under the Corps expanded rapidly until the first week in October. More recently, the pace of expansion has been slackened considerably due largely to the lack of qualified labor on the relief rolls. On December 28, employment totaled 16,982 persons of whom 15,810 or 93 percent had been taken from the relief rolls. This total constituted about 76 percent of the estimated average daily employment on the projects which had been started. The required ratio of 90 percent relief and 10 percent non-relief workers has been maintained by the Corps since the inception of its program, despite the difficulties resulting from a shortage of relief labor in many instances. ALLEY DWELLING AUTHORITY This Authority was created by act of Congress in June 1934 with its purpose the elimination of alley slums in the District of Columbia . To accomplish this end, $200,000 was allocated to the Authority by the President on November 16. The Commissioners of the District of Columbia and the National Capital Park and Planning Commission have been authorized by the act to pass on all plans and specifications as well as to decide on methods of con- demnation of land when necessary. At present, land acquisition is being completed preparatory to drawing up plans and specifications. Some of the properties to be included are already under contract for purchase. It is expected that work on each site wdl be carried on separately, in order that contracts may be let irrespec- tive of the progress of land acquisition on other sites. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS An allocation of $211,500 was made by the President on September 19 to the Library of Congress to be used in the construction of talking book machines for the blind. The project is located in New York City. No labor shortage is anticipated because an experi- enced director has been secured from the New York Foundation for the Blind in order that, with the super- vision of a small staff of competent workmen, the con- struction of the machines can be accomplished under force account by unskilled laborers or by white-collar workers. Work started December 22, and it is ex- pecfed that by the middle of January the full staff of INK men will he employed. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION The Rural Electrification Administration was estab- lished by Executive order on May 11, 1935, to "initiate, formulate, administer, and supervise a program of approved projects with respect to the generation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy in rural areas." While the Administration has taken steps to advertise to the farm population the advan- tages of having electricity available, as well as to interest local bodies in the construction of rural distributing systems and lines, its most important activities have to do with the loaning of funds either to private corporations and cooperative associations or to States and local public bodies. Such loans are intended to facilitate the financing of electric distribu- tion lines. Loans, but no grants-in-aid, may be made by the Administration up to the entire cost of the project, on a 20-year basis with interest at 3 percent. Usually a mortgage is taken as security. Free engineer- ing and legal advice are provided for those negotiating loans. Applications for loans are examined to deter- mine if the proposed construction would be self- liquidating and to see if the new consumers are likely to receive adequate service at reasonable prices. If an allotment is to be made, certain general regulations must be observed in prosecuting the project. The Administration must approve construction contracts entered into by the borrower, not less than 25 percent of the loan must be spent for work on the project, wages determined by the Administration in accord with local conditions must be paid, and hours of work must not exceed 8 per day or 40 per week. Presidential rescissions of $2,543,005 and approvals of $33,500, not yet countersigned by the Comptroller General, bring the total allocations from the fund provided by the Emergency Relief Appropriation of 1935 to $8,577,012, to provide 6,327 miles of distribu- tion line. In the total is included $1,600,000 to finance wiring of homes. Eighteen loan contracts, aggregating $3,052,562 in value and providing for 2,732 miles of line, have been executed. It is estimated that the 18 loan contracts will bring electricity to approximately 10,500 rural families. Construction work has been started on three projects, providing $298,158 for 234.5 miles of line. In Dallas County, Iowa, a line of 2.6 miles was completed on REPORT ON THE December 18, while Tennessee Valley Authority crews have completed and energized 30 miles of line in Rhea County, Term. Employment on December 28 on work projects under this Administration totaled 31 persons. veterans' administration The President between July 12 and August 30 approved 16 force-account projects for the Veterans' Administration. These projects, for which $1,234,120 was allocated, involve the construction and repair of WORKS PROGRAM 67 veterans' hospitals in 14 States. The labor required is mainly skilled construction labor, although a considerable proportion of unskilled building labor is needed. The Veterans' Administration has been able to stay well within the requirement that at least 90 percent of all workers come from the relief rolls. Because of cold weather in several States, employment has fluctuated between 1,400 and 1,600 during the past month. On December 28 there were 1,411 workers on the pay roll. Of these, 1,335 were relief persons. APPENDIXES Appen DIX A STATUTORY AND TECHNICAL THE EMERGENCY RELIEF APPROPRIATION ACT OF 1935 Appropriation. — The President on April 8, 1935, ap- proved the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 (Public Resolution No. 11, 74th Cong., H. J. Res. 117, Making Appropriations for Relief Purposes). The act appropriated $4,000,000,000 and authorized the transfer of $880,000,000 from other funds, in order to provide relief, work relief, and to increase employment by providing for useful projects. The act further pro- vided that this fund was to be used "in the discretion and under the direction of the President, to be imme- diately available and to remain available until June 30, 1937 * * *." It was the purpose of the legis- lation to furnish employment on useful projects and thus to effect a substantial reduction in the emergency relief rolls. Project limitation. — The act specified general cate- gories of projects, and in addition, placed limits on the expenditure of funds for each group. It provided that "this appropriation shall be available for the following classes of projects, and the amounts to be used for each class shall not, except as hereinafter provided, exceed the respective amounts stated, namely: (a) highways, roads, streets, and grade-crossings elimination, $800,- 000,000; (6) rural rehabilitation and relief of stricken agricultural areas, and water conservation, transmoun- tain water diversion and irrigation and reclamation, $500,000,000; (c) rural electrification, $100,000,000; (d) housing, $450,000,000; (e) assistance for educa- tional, professional, and clerical persons, $300,000,000; (J) Civilian Conservation Corps, $600,000,000; (g) loans or grants, or both, for projects of States, Territories, possessions, including subdivisions and agencies thereof, municipalities, and the District of Columbia, and self- liquidating projects of public bodies thereof, where, in the determination of the President, not less than 25 per centum of the loan or the grant, or the aggregate thereof, is to be expended for work under each particu- lar project, $900,000,000; (h) sanitation, prevention of soil erosion, prevention of stream pollution, sea coast erosion, reforestation, forestation, flood control, rivers and harbors, and miscellaneous projects, $350,000,000: Provided further, That not to exceed 20 per centum of the amount herein appropriated may be used by the President to increase any one or more of the foregoing limitations if he finds it necessary to do so in order to effectuate the purpose of this joint resolution * * *." Wage policy.- — In section 7 of the resolution the general wage policy was set forth as follows: "The ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM President shall require to be paid such rates of pay for all persons engaged upon any project financed in whole or in part, through loans or otherwise, by funds appropriated by this joint resolution, as will in the discretion of the President accomplish the purposes of this joint resolution, and not affect adversely or other- wise tend to decrease the going rates of wages paid for work of a similar nature. "The President may fix different rates of wages for various types of work on any project, which rates need not be uniform throughout the United States: Pro- vided, however, That whenever permanent buildings for the use of any department of the Government of the United States, or the District of Columbia, are to be constructed by funds appropriated by this joint reso- lution, the provisions of the Act of March 3, 1931 (U. S. C, Supp. VII, title 40, sec. 276a), shall apply but the rates of wages shall be determined in advance of any bidding thereon." Miscellaneous provisions. — The resolution permitted the use of funds, in the discretion of the President, "for the purpose of making loans to finance, in whole or in part, the purchase of farm lands and necessary equip- ment by farmers, farm tenants, croppers, or farm laborers." The President was also authorized "to acquire, by purchase or by the power of eminent domain, any real property or any interest therein," and to dispose of such property in his discretion. The resolution further authorized the President to sell any securities acquired under title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act or under the present joint resolution and funds realized from such sales "shall be available to the President, in addition to the sums heretofore appropriated under this joint resolution, for the making of further loans under said Act (the National Industrial Recovery Act) or under this joint resolution." Extension oj P. W. A. and F. E. R. A. — Other provi- sions of the resolution extended the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works until June 30, 1937, and in section 10, specified that "Until June 30, 1936, or such earlier date as the President by proclamation may fix, the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933, as amended, is continued in full force and effect." EXECUTIVE ORDERS The President was authorized by section 6 of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 "to pre- scribe such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out" the joint resolution. 71 72 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Thirty-six Executive orders had heen issued by the President up to November 15, 1935. which directly and indirectly affected the operation of the act. Many of these orders were of minor importance and others amended in some manner prior Executive orders. The orders roughly group themselves into tliree di- visions: (a) those creating new organizations or ac- complishing the transfer of certain functions previously performed by other independent agencies to agencies operating under this Program; (b) those pertaining to the general policy in regard to conditions of employ- ment and project procedure under the Program; (c) those concerned with the operation of other agencies of the Government that are participating. Group (a). Executive orders relating to administrative organizations.- — The administrative organization de- signed to carry out the purposes of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 was established by Executive Order 7034, issued May 6, 1935. Tins order created three major Governmental agencies, namely, the Division of Applications and Information of the National Emergency Council; the Advisory Committee on Allotments; and the Works Progress Administration. Division of Applications and Information: The functions of the Division of Applications and Informa- tion, as set forth in the order were to receive "applica- tions for projects, cause the applications to be examined and reviewed * * * and transmit such applica- tions to the Advisory Committee on Allotments * * *." In addition, the Division "shall furnish in- formation to the public on allotments made and on the progress of all projects as they are initiated and carried forward." Advisory Committee on Allotments: To the Ad- visory Committee on Allotments was assigned the function of making "recommendations to the President with respect to allotments of funds for such projects covered by the applications submitted by the Division of Applications and Information as will constitute a coordinated and balanced program of work * * *." Works Progress Administration: The Works Prog- ress Administration, established by the order, has as its function the responsibility for the "honest, efficient, speedy, and coordinated execution of the work relief program as a whole, and for the execution of that program in such manner as to move from the relief rolls to work on such projects or in private employ- ment the maximum number of persons in the shortest time possible." To achieve the purpose of providing the maximum of work for persons now on relief rolls, the Works Progress Administration was authorized to establish and operate "a division of progress investigation * * * so as to insure the honest execution of the work relief program"; to require periodic reports on the progress of projects and employment, and to recommend the termination of projects which do not afford the desired amount of employment. With the approval of the President, the Works Progress Administration was authorized to prescribe rules and regulations to assure the maximum of employment under the new works program for persons on relief and to govern the selec- tion of these persons for employment. Furthermore, it was required that investigations of wages and work- ing conditions be conducted and such findings reported "as will aid the President in prescribing working con- ditions and rates of pay on projects." The important function of organizing and executing an extensive works program was given to the Works Progress Administration. In the words of the Execu- tive order, this agency shall "recommend and carry on small useful projects designed to assure a maximum of employment in all localities." The coordination of statistical or other fact-finding projects under the Works Program, as well as the prosecution of other necessary research activities, were among the functions granted to the Works Progress Administration. Treasury Department: By the same Executive order the functions of disbursing and accounting of funds and procurement of materials, supplies, and equipment for the Program were placed in the Treasury Depart- ment. Resettlement Administration: Executive Order 7027 issued April 30, 1935, and Executive Order 7200 issued on September 26, 1935, amending Executive Order 7027, established the Resettlement Administra- tion and prescribed its functions and duties. These two orders provided that the Resettlement Adminis- tration was "to administer approved projects involving rural rehabilitation, relief in stricken agricultural areas, and resettlement of destitute or low-income families from rural and urban areas, including the establish- ment, maintenance, and operation, in such connection of communities in rural and suburban areas." They further provided that it shall "initiate and administer a program of approved projects with respect to soil erosion, stream pollution, seacoast erosion, reforesta- tion, forestation, flood control, and other useful proj- ects." Authorization for making loans under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, "in whole or in part, for the purchase of farm lands and necessary equipment by farmers, farm tenants, croppers, or farm laborers" is contained in the same Executive order. The Land Program of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, together with all the real and personal property or any interest therein, all contracts, options, rights and interests, books, papers, memoranda, records, balances of funds and personnel, was transferred to the Resettlement Administration by the terms of Executive Order 7028 issued on April 30, 1935. This Executive order authorized the Administrator of the Resettle- ment Administration to administer the property trans- ferred to him and to exercise all powers and functions REPORT ON THE given to the Federal Emergency Relief Administrator and the Director of the Land Program by several pre- vious Executive orders. A similar transfer of the Subsistence Homesteads Program of the Department of the Interior was authorized by Executive Order 7041, issued on May 15, 1935. Rural Electrification Administration: The Rural Electrification Administration was established by Ex- ecutive Order 7037 dated May 11, 1935, "to initiate, formulate, administer, and supervise a program of ap- proved projects with respect to the generation, trans- mission, and distribution of electric energy in rural areas." The order contained the usual instructions (and authorizations) regarding supplies, equipment, and administrative personnel but "Proinded: That in- sofar as practicable, the persons employed under the authority of this Executive Order shall be selected from those receiving relief." It also authorized the Ad- ministrator "to acquire by purchase or by the power of eminent domain, any real property or any interest therein and improve, grant, sell, lease (with or without the privilege of purchasing), or otherwise dispose of any such property or interest therein," and stated that "For administrative expenses * * * there is here- by allocated * * * from the appropriation made by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 the sum of $75,000. Allocations will be made here- after for authorized projects." Virgin Islands: Executive Order 7152, dated August 21, 1935, prescribed additional functions and duties for the Temporary Government of the Virgin Islands. These duties pertain to the initiation, formulation, administration, and supervision of a program of ap- proved projects for providing relief and work relief, and for increasing employment within the Virgin Islands. All assets and records of the Resettlement Adminis- tration acquired from the Virgin Islands Subsistence Homesteads Authority were transferred to the Tem- porary Government of the Virgin Islands. The Executive order provided for the allocation of funds for authorized projects and for administrative expenses. Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration: By Executive Order 7057, dated May 28, 1935, the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration was established for the purpose of initiating, formulating, administer- ing, and supervising a program of approved projects for providing relief and work, and for increasing employ- ment within Puerto Rico. To the extent necessary to carry out the provisions of this Executive order the Administrator was authorized to acquire property by purchase or power of eminent domain. The order also authorized the allocation of funds for administrative purposes and prosecution of authorized projects. National Youth Administration: The National Youth Administration was established within the Works Progress Administration by Executive Order 7086, dated June 26, 1935. This Executive order WORKS PROGRAM 73 provided for a National Advisory Committee and an Executive Committee for the National Youth Admin- istration composed of representatives of labor, business, agriculture, education, and youth to be appointed by the President. The National Youth Administration, by the terms of this order, is under the general super- vision of the Adniinistrator of the Works Progress Administration and the immediate supervision of an Executive Director. The following functions and duties were established, "to initiate and administer a program of approved projects which shall provide relief, work relief, and employment for persons within the ages of 16 and 25 years who are not in regular attendance at school requiring full time and who are not regularly engaged in remunerative employment." The order provided "that insofar as practicable the persons employed under authority of this Executive Order shall be selected from those receiving relief." It also authorized allocations for administrative ex- penses and for approved projects. Prison Industries Reorganization Administration: Executive Order 7194, dated September 26, 1935, es- tablished the Prison Industries Reorganization Ad- ministration. This Administration was instructed in the order to conduct surveys and investigations of the industrial operations of penal and correctional institutions, in cooperation with State and local agencies concerned with such institutions, and to study the markets for the products of such activities. The Ad- ministration was instructed to make recommendations for a program of reorganizing productive operations in prisons, and to recommend the allocation of funds to the several States for carrying out the purposes of the order. National Resources Committee: The President created the National Resources Committee by the terms of Executive Order 7065, dated June 7, 1935. Tliis Committee which will function in place of the National Resources Board was established to provide a means of obtaining information essential to a wise em- ployment of the emergency appropriation made by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. The President prescribed the following functions and duties for this Committee: (a) to collect, prepare, and make available to the President with recommenda- tions such plans, data, and information as may be helpful to a planned development and use of land, water, and other national resources and such related subjects as may be referred to it by the President; (b) to consult and cooperate with Federal, State, and municipal governments and agencies and with any public or private planning or research agencies or insti- tutions; and (c) to receive and record all proposed Federal projects involving the acquisition of land. The expenses of the National Resources Committee are to be defrayed by appropriations made by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. 74 WORKS PROGRESS National Emergency Council: The President re- established the X ;i t ional Emergency Council by Execu- tive Order 7073, dated June 13, 1935, by virtue of the authority vested in him under the said Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Public Works Administration: By the terms of Executive Order 7064 dated June 7, 1935, the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works was au- thorized to continue to perform functions under title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act and to perform functions under the Emergency Relief Ap- propriation Act of 1935. This Executive order author- ized the Federal Emergency Administrator of Public Works to perform all the functions which he was authorized to perform prior to June 16, 1935, under title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act. The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Admin- istration of Public Works was also authorized to "make loans or grants or both for projects of States, Terri- tories, possessions, including subdivision and agencies thereof, municipalities and the District of Columbia and self-liquidating projects of public bodies thereof, where, in the determination of the President, not less than 25 per centum of the loan or the grant, or the aggregate thereof, is to be expended for the work under each particular project"; and to "carry out projects for slum clearance or low-cost housing, or both." Executive Order 7064 authorized the sale of securities acquired under title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act and under the Emergency Relief Ap- propriation Act of 1935 and stated that all monies realized from such sales shall be available for making further loans and in the performance of functions authorized. In addition, it reallocated funds made available pursuant to title II of the National In- dustrial Recovery Act for the purposes for which originally allocated, provided that upon completion of the project or work any unexpended balances of the aforesaid reallocation shall be reported by the depart- ments or agencies concerned to the Secretary of the Treasury who would cause such balances to be placed to the credit of the appropriation from which said allotments were made. Group (b). Executive orders pertaining to general policy. — Wages: As an important step toward the in- auguration of the Works Program, the President pre- scribed by the terms of Executive Order 7046 on May 20, 1935, rules and regulations relating to wages, hours of work, and conditions of employment. Workers on projects, except certain types exempted under the order, are to receive earnings on a monthly basis. Workers will receive earnings regularly despite tempo- rary interruptions in work due to weather conditions or other factors beyond their control. The monthly earnings for the most part by the terms of the order ADMINISTRATION are designed to be substantially higher than relief benefits. The schedule of montldy earnings established was based on differentials in the degree of skill and the density of population in four regions of the country. Thus, payments for unskilled work vaiy from $19 per month in counties of Wage Region IV in which the 1 930 population of the largest municipality was under 5,000, to S55 per month in conn lie-, in Region I in which there are cities with a 1930 population of 100,000 or over. Similarly, payments for intermediate work vary from $27 to $65 per month; for skilled work, from $35 to $85 per month; and for professional and technical, $39 to $94 per month. Subsequent amendments modified certain provisions of Executive Order 7046. One of these, Executive Order 7203, issued on October 1, 1935, provided that "the schedule of monthly earnings applicable to any county, or, in the discretion of the Works Progress Administrator or representatives designated by him, to any township, shall be based upon the 1930 popu- lation of the largest municipality within such county, or township, in accordance with" the schedule attached to the original Executive Order (No. 7046). Another amendment to Executive Order 7046, con- tained in Executive Order 7117, provided that monthly earnings schedules showm in the first Executive order be subject to the following adjustments: (a) The Works Progress Administrator, or representatives designated by him, may redefine any of the regions defined in the foregoing schedule whenever he or they find that it is neces- sary to do so in order to avoid undue inequality among workers accustomed to similarity of wage rates. (b) Monthly earnings applicable to an urban area within a county shall, in general, apply to contiguous urban areas in adjacent counties in the same region. (c) If the territory covered by the operation of any individual project involves the application of more than one schedule of monthly earnings, the schedule of monthly earnings for any class of work on the project shall be the highest applicable schedule. (d) In order to adjust the monthly rate of earnings to local conditions and to avoid inequality among workers or classes of workers in the same region the Works Progress Administrator, or representatives designated by him, may adjust the rate of earnings for any class of work on any project by not more than 10 percent above or below the monthly earnings shown in the schedule attached to Executive Order 7046. Executive Order 7046 provided that the rates estab- lished be applicable to the workers on all projects financed in whole or in part from the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 except for: (a) Emer- gency Conservation Work; (b) projects under the supervision of Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works; (c) highway and grade-crossings elimina- tion work under the supervision of the Bureau of Public Roads and State Highway Departments; (d) permanent buildings for the use of executive depart- REPORT ON THE ments; (e) such projects, portions of projects, or work- ers on projects or activities as the W.P.A. Adminis- trator or his designated agent shall from time to time exempt; (f) supervisory and administrative employees; (g) work relief projects pending the transfer of persons working on such projects to the new program. Hours: Part II of Executive Order 7046 allowed latitude to the Works Progress Administrator in regard to the working hours of employees on the various projects. The Administrator was authorized to deter- mine the hours for all persons employed on a salary basis, within a maximum of 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week. Hours thus can be established accord- ing to the requirements of various types of projects in different localities. For persons employed on projects under the super- vision of the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, or projects under the supervision of the Bureau of Public Roads and State Highway Depart- ments, and on projects exempted by the Administrator of the Works Progress Administration, the maximum hours of work for manual labor shall be 8 hours per day and 130 hours per month, and the maximum hours of work for clerical and other nonmanual employees shall be 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week. Persons employed on remote and inaccessible projects may work the maximum of 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week. The terms of tbe Bacon-Davis Act govern the hours of work on permanent buildings for use of the executive departments, while for Emergency Conservation Work and work relief under the supervision of State and local Emergency Relief Administrations, existing rules and regulations in regard to hours of work remain in force. Conditions of employment: Executive Order 7046 further prescribes that "no person under the age of 16 years shall be employed." It prohibits employment of the aged and physically handicapped where such em- ployment would be dangerous to their own and others' health and safety on any work project. The order states that preference shall be given to workers who are on relief. At least 90 percent of all persons work- ing on a work project are to be taken from public relief rolls, except on the specific authorization of the Works Progress Administration. Only one member of a family group may be employed under the Works Program, except in authorized instances. The order further states that wages to be paid by the Federal Government may not be pledged or assigned and any purported pledge or assignment shall be null and void. Eligibility: Executive Order 7060 dated June 5, 1935, prescribed rules and regulations relating to the procedure for the employment of workers under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. This order prescribed that all persons shall be eligible for employment who (a) are registered with employment offices designated by the United States Employment Service and (6) were receiving relief in May 1935 62768° — 36 6 WORKS PROGRAM 75 provided, however, that as the various occupational classes in such group are exhausted in employment, other persons who became eligible for public relief subsequent to May 1935 and are certified may be added to the list. Persons who once become eligible for employment on projects do not have their eligibility affected by employment elsewhere. The Employment Service is instructed to notify the W.P.A. of all persons who are employed on projects and who have complied with the eligibility requirements and have been placed in public or private employment. Section 7 of this order stated that persons assigned to work on projects be accepted or rejected by those having responsibility for the management of projects. How- ever, they shall not be discriminated against for any other cause than their fitness to perform assigned tasks. Contract provisions: Rules and regulations relating to the methods of prosecuting projects are prescribed by Executive Order 7083 dated June 24, 1935, which stated that all projects or portions of projects shall be prosecuted by means of one of the following methods: (a) force account, (6) fixed-price contract, (c) limited fixed-price contract, and (d) management contract, delineating the detailed provisions of each method. Section 7 of the same order stated that every employer of labor on the project shall have a right, subject to the review of the supervisory agency, to dismiss any employee. Section 8 provided that estimates of the quantities of materials, supplies, and equipment re- quired for projects be submitted to the Director of Procurement of the Treasury, who shall indicate to the operating agency what part of the material, sup- plies and equipment the Government will furnish. The Director also "will issue instructions as to the manner and method of the requisition." Section 9 of Executive Order 7083 provided that all contracts shall have incorporated in them provisions relating to payrolls, purchases and requisitions, and also that a contractor shall submit monthly pay roll figures and that author- ized Government agents shall inspect the work as it progresses and shall have access to the payrolls, records of personnel, invoices of materials, and any and all other data relevant to the performance of the contract. Other rules and regulations prescribed under the terms of Executive orders and the law itself must be incorporated into the contracts. Group (c). Executive orders relating to operating pro- cedure. — Revolving fund for materials and supplies: Executive Order 7151 on August 21, 1935, established a revolving fund for the centralized purchase of mate- rials, supplies, and equipment. The order allotted to the Secretary of the Treasury from the appropriations made by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 the sum of $3,000,000 to be set aside in a special fund for use in the purchase and distribution of mate- rials, supplies, and equipment. Materials, supplies, and equipment purchased through the use of the gen- 76 WORKS PROGRESS crnl supply fund may bo. requisitioned by the Procure- ment Division for the purposes of the work relief supply fund and reimbursement therefor shall be made out of that fund to the general supply fund. Each department, independent establishment, or other agency, requisitioning materials, supplies, or equip- ment from the Procurement Division shall make reim- bursement for such material, supplies, and equipment. Rules and regulations — Resettlement Administra- tion: Executive Order 7143 dated August 19, 1935, prescribed rules and regulations governing the making of loans by the Resettlement Administration. The order stated that loans may be made either to individ- uals or bona fide agencies or cooperative associations approved by the Resettlement Administrator. Interest shall be charged on all loans at the rate fixed by the Administration not greater than 5 percenl or less than 3 percent. Rules and regulations — Rural Electrification Ad- ministration: The rules and regulations relating to approved projects administered and supervised by the Rural Electrification Administration were prescribed in Executive Order 7130, dated August 7, 1935. This order stated that funds shall be available for loans to private corporations, associations, and cooperative associations existing under and by virtue of the laws of the several States, for the purpose of financing the construction of projects and for loans for projects of States, Territories, and possessions, including sub- divisions and agencies thereof, municipalities, and the District of Columbia, and self-liquidating projects of public bodies thereof where, in the determination of the President, not less than 25 per centum of the loan is to be expended for work under each particular project. The Executive order authorized the establishment of wage and hour rates under the direction of the Rural Electrification Administration but in accordance with local conditions. Preference in employment of work- ers was to be given persons on public relief rolls and except with the specific authorization of the Rural Electrification Administration, at least 90 percent of all persons working on a work project were to be taken from the public relief rolls. The order stated that only persons certified for assignment to work by the United States Employment Service or persons specifically authorized by the Rural Electrification Administration shall be employed on projects. The Administrator was given exclusive authority to approve and to exe- cute with a borrowing agency a loan contract under the terms of which the borrowing agency agrees to con- struct or cause to be constructed the project according to R. E. A. specifications. Section 7 of Executive Order 7130 modified all previous Executive orders in- consistent with the several provisions of Executive Order 7130. ADMINISTRATION Rules and regulations — National Youth Adminis- tration: Executive Order 71 G4, dated August 29, 1935, prescribed rules and regulations relating to Student Aid Projects and to employment of youth on other projects. The. order defined Student Aid Projects as projects financed in whole or part by funds appro- priated by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 w hich provide financial assistance to needy young people in amounts which will permit them to continue their education at high schools, colleges, or graduate schools in exchange for part-time work upon useful projects. The projects are under the supervision of the National Youth Administration. The amount of aid was prescribed in the order. High-school students are not to receive in excess of $6 per month for the school year-, while, college students are to average not more than $15, and graduate students not more than $30 per month during the school year. The methods for the selection of eligible students, the character of the work to be performed, and conditions of employment shall he determined b\ , or under the direction of, the Execu- tive Director of the N. Y. A. This Executive order also provided that young persons who are eligible for benefits under the N. Y. A. may be employed on W. P. A. projects. Rules and regulations' — Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration: In Executive Order 7180 dated Sep- tember 6, 1935, were outlined the rules and regulations to govern the making of loans by the Puerto Rico Re- construction Administration. Loans may be made to farmers, farm tenants, croppers, and farm laborers for the purpose of financing the purchase of farm lands and the necessary equipment for the production and preser- vation of farm and rural community products. Interest shall be charged on all loans at rates not greater than 5 percent and not less than 3 percent per annum. The loans shall be for a period not exceeding 40 years. All loans shall be, repaid in equal annual installments which may include interest in the discretion of the Administrator. PROJECT APPROVAL PROCEDURE In accordance with its designated function of receiv- ing, reviewing, and transmitting applications for allot- ments to the Advisory Committee on Allotments, the Division of Applications and Information, on May 10 ; 1935, issued a statement of the procedure for filing the applications and their routing to the Advisory Com- mittee, which was followed from that time until the Division of Applications and Information and the Advisory Committee ceased to function in September. Applications for Federal projects were filed with the Division of Applications and Information only by the Federal departments or agencies which supervise the contemplated project. Applications submitted by other Governmental agencies or by individuals were referred REPORT ON THE by the Division to the proper Federal agency having supervision over the project. Upon receipt of an appli- cation for an allotment the Division transmitted copies to the Bureau of the Budget and to the Works Progress Administration for review and recommendations — or comments, if no recommendations were made. Such recommendations and comments were transmitted with the allotment applications to the Advisory Committee for recommendation to the President. It was the responsibility of the W. P. A. to review all proposed projects in order to evaluate the extent to which they would reduce the relief problem and aid in accomplishing the aim of the Works Program to put 3,500,000 persons from public relief rolls to work with the funds available. Because of the limited funds, it was necessary to recommend the disapproval of many desirable projects, in some cases because of the high cost per person to be employed and in other cases because sufficient labor was not available from relief rolls to execute the project properly. W. P. A. projects, as well as projects of other Federal departments or agencies, were judged primarily on the basis of the availability of workers from the local relief rolls and the cost per man-year of employment, the usefulness of the project, and the engineering and technical aspects of its construction. Each project application was reviewed by the W. P. A. on the basis of location, volume, and type of employment with respect to the size and nature of the relief load at the proposed site, to determine whether or not the work, if undertaken, would materially and efficiently relieve the local relief rolls. The W. P. A. recommended the disapproval of a number of projects which were situated at points too remote to permit daily commuting or in localities without suitable transportation facilities. Other proj- ects which would benefit small communities by uti- lizing all the available relief labor of neighboring cities and towns, thus preventing the initiation of projects in these centers, were not considered desirable. In many instances the size of the project was out of line with the relief problem at the site. Single projects which would utilize all available relief labor for a long period of time were considered unsound since they permitted no flexibility according to changes in economic con- ditions. Federal sponsors were in many cases unaware of local relief labor conditions, especially in localities for which other Federal projects had been approved. In many cities and counties, the employables from the relief rolls have been provided for by approved projects and disapproval had to be recommended for subsequent applications for projects to be carried on in these same localities. It was found that numerous applications were for projects requiring highly specialized labor, such as is less frequently found on relief rolls. It was necessary also to examine carefully projects which called for large WORKS PROGRAM 77 numbers of unskilled workers in communities where other projects requiring more varied skills were under review, as it was deemed desirable to place as many persons as possible at their accustomed work. A staff of engineers examined all applications to determine whether they were properly computed and to check the cost estimates in relation to the type of work proposed. In questionable cases the sponsor was consulted as to the make-up of the items appearing on the application forms. At times, projects were withdrawn to be revised and resubmitted by the sponsors. Certain projects which met the basic requirements of the W. P. A. and were desirable from both a social and engineering standpoint, required the approval of various other Federal agencies because of the jurisdic- tion of such agencies over the types of work covered by these projects. The W. P. A. approved such proj- ects conditional upon the approval of the respective agencies. Projects covering community sanitation, malaria control, and mine sealing are cleared with the United States Public Health Service; those for ter- racing of rural rehabilitation farms are cleared with the Resettlement Administration; those for work on air- ports are cleared with the Bureau of Air Commerce; while those involving flood control, water conservation, aids to navigation, and bank and coastal erosion are cleared with the Army Corps of Engineers. Referral was made to the agencies mentioned, in order to avoid duplicating work already being carried on by them and to secure additional expert opinion as to the soundness of these projects. A joint committee composed of one representative each of the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, the National Emergency Council, and Works Progress Administration was appointed to determine which of the construction projects estimated to cost in excess of $25,000 should be carried on under the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works and which should be carried on under the Works Progress Administration. All construction projects in excess of $25,000 were submitted directly to repre- sentatives of the P. W. A. for review, upon receipt of such projects from the States. Only those projects which involved some question of jurisdiction based on the principles set forth in the President's Executive order of July 2, 1935, were referred to the Joint Com- mittee, while projects which were not agreed upon by the representatives of the P. W. A. and the W. P. A. were referred directly to the representative of the National Emergency Council for final decision. The W. P. A. approved a sufficient number of the desirable projects received from the several States to insure a reservoir of projects providing the flexibility necessary to meet the various local relief situations. By having a reserve of approved projects, from which State Administrators can make selections for opera- 7S WORKS I'KOGRKSS ADMINISTRATION lion, it will bo possible to maintain the objective of the Works Program by keeping employable persons from the relief rolls at work in accordance with rha ris- ing conditions in various localities. In order that the greatest value may he secured from the hundreds of white-collar research and statistical projects of the W. P. A., a central board of review was set up, representing jointly the Central Statistical Board and the W. I\ A., to pass upon sur- veys proposed by Federal, State, and local govern- mental agencies and other public bodies. This board of review, which operates as a central clearing house, is known as the Coordinating Committee of the Cen- tral Statistical Board and the Works Progress Ad- minist rat ion. The work of the Coordinating Committee is twofold. It passes upon and coordinates statistical surveys and other research projects, technically appraising the plans and evaluating the statistical feasibility of those included in the new Works Program, and makes recommendations to the Advisory Committee on Allotments. After the projects have been approved and are in operation, the Committee and its staff supervise the progress in the field, giving expert guid- ance and technical assistance to the sponsors of the projects. The Committee is assisted by a Dumber of experts from the staff of the Central Statistical Board. OPERATING PROCEDURES RELATING TO EMPLOYMENT Eligibility.' — In order to insure attainment of the objective of providing employment for relief workers, provision was made in Part III (c) of Regulation No. 1 (Executive Order 7046 of May 20, 1935), that except with the specific authorization of the Works Progress Administrator, at least 90 percent of the persons at work on a project shall have been taken from the public relief rolls. In some instances where unusual circumstances affected the operation of specific projects, making it impracticable to adhere to the 90-percent regulation, administrative modifications of the original provision have been made. General ex- emptions from the requirement have also been found necessary to meet some of the situations outlined below. The authority to exempt workers from the relief labor requirement has been delegated to the operating agency in a few instances. In delegating this authority, however, the provision has always been made that preference in any employment of workers shall be given those from the relief rolls. A few projects which were already under way at the time the Works Program was inaugurated, and which were transferred to this Program when the funds from other sources became exhausted, have been exempted in order that the persons who were already at work and who had acquired skill and experience in their jobs should not be discharged. In this connection it has been uniformly stipulated that new workers hired after the transfer of the project to this Program should be taken from relief sources. A third type of modification has been made to cover projects for which a substantial share of the cost has been contributed by the locality in which the project is carried out, when all qualified workers on the local relief rolls have been absorbed. In other instances it has been found that projects operated by certain agencies require highly skilled workers and technicians of a specified type who are not generally available on relief. Such workers have been exempted up to a limited number, in some cases with a provision that they shall train relief workers. Assignment of workers to projects. — In order to be eligible for employment on any projects carried out under the Works Program, workers must be registered with the employment offices designated by the United States Employment Service and must have been certi- fied by the Emergency Relief Administrations as having received relief during May 1935. As the various occu- pational classes on these rolls are exhausted, the Emer- gency Relief Administrations may certify workers who have been accepted for relief subsequent to May 1935. Under the supervision of State Emergency Relief Administrations, local relief administrations supply to the W. P. A. and to the United States Employment Service the names of all persons who are eligible for emplo\ merit. These identical lists are kept up to date currently and the W. P. A. maintains a current occupa- tional inventory of such workers. Persons not from the public relief rolls may be employed on work projects only up to 10 percent of the total number of workers on a project. Requisition for workers is made by the agency spon- soring a project. Such requisition is submitted first to the District Works Progress Administration, which forwards it to the United States Employment Service or an employment office designated by them. The Employment Service then assigns to the project workers of the required skills who are registered with them and who have been certified as eligible. The United States Employment Service performs the function of placement for all workers except those once assigned to W. P. A. projects, and except those who are directly transferred with their projects from the Emergency Works Program of the F. E. R. A. to the W. P. A. The W T . P. A. undertakes to assure con- tinuous employment by reassigning all workers from completed W. P. A. projects to other W. P. A. jobs. If, when new W 7 . P. A. projects are initiated, no workers are available from completed W. P. A. projects, workers are requisitioned from the United States Employment Service in the usual manner. Wages and hours. — The schedule of monthly earn- ings to be paid to workers as salary was established by Executive Order 7046 on May 20, 1935. This REPORT ON THE schedule was designed to apply to workers on all projects other than C. C. C, P. W. A., and Bureau of Public Roads projects, work on permanent public buildings, and administrative and supervisory work. Administrative Order 2, June 12, 1935, provided exemption also in the case of persons employed on projects being prosecuted under contract. The sched- ule was based on differentials in the rates paid to labor of various skills, on variations between counties in accordance with the size of the largest municipality of a county, and on general differentials in the wage levels in four regions of the country. In order to avoid inequalities which might result from the application of an inflexible schedule State Works Progress Administrators were authorized to adjust the rate for any class of worker by not more than 10 percent above or below the basic schedule, and by an amendment, in Executive Order 7117 of July 29, 1935, the Works Progress Administrator was authorized to redefine any of the wage regions when- ever that became necessary to avoid such inequalities. On November 9, State Works Progress Administra- tors were authorized to exempt up to 10 percent of the total number of persons employed on W. P. A. projects from the monthly earnings schedule, the wages for this 10-percent group to be determined by the State Administrator in accordance with local wage con- ditions. This modification was made in order to make it possible to obtain fron nonrelief sources the necessary skilled key workers whom Administrators were au- thorized to employ under the provision of Executive Order 7046. As a standard for the payment of full monthly earn- ings the hours of work on all W. P. A. projects other than those involving white-collar work were established at a miniinum of 120 hours and a maximum of 140 hours in any 2 consecutive seniimonthly periods. On September 19 the minimum hours provision was revoked, allowing State Administrators further latitude in adjusting hourly rates of pay in accordance with local conditions. This authorization does not affect the WORKS PROGRAM 79 total amount of monthly earnings to be paid to the workers. In only a few instances, however, have modifications been made in the established hours of work. By December 1, four States (Nevada, Montana, Wiscon- sin, and Connecticut) and New York City had reduced hours in all classifications. In four other States (Mas- sachusetts, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Ohio) reduc- tion had been made in the hours of skilled workers. This reduction applied only to the building trades in Pennsylvania. In addition, California and Alabama have made reductions in hours of work in a few selected localities. Projects in the remaining States and the District of Columbia are at present working at hours ranging from 120 to 140 per month. Two of these States are reported to be contemplating changes in hours in the near future. Ten others are uncertain as to future course of action, while 27 States have def- initely stated that no changes in hours are contem- plated. Horns of work for the projects of Federal agencies were not set, except by the Executive order limitations of 8 hours per day and 40 per week. In most instances, however, these agencies have modified hours of work on their projects to conform to the standards established for W. P. A. projects in the same States. Coordinating and scheduling of projects.' — State W. P. A. Administrators are responsible for coordinating the execution of all projects under the Program, in order to provide a maximum of useful employment from the relief rolls. All operating agencies supply State Administrators with statements of the work schedule and labor requirements of each project. With this information and records of projects already in opera- tion, State Administrators determine the date upon which work may be commenced on each project in such a manner that in each locality labor requirements on operating projects will coincide with the need for employment in that locality. If a project cannot be executed within a reasonable length of time because of a lack of eligible labor, the State Administrator reports this fact to Washington. Appendix B THE WORKS PROGRAM, JANUARY 1 TO FEBRUARY 29, 1936 EMPLOYMENT Works Program employment continued to expand gradually during the first 9 weeks of 1936. From a total of 3,542,000 on December 28, 1935, the number of persons at work rose to 3,735,000 on January 25, 1936, and to 3,853,000 on February 29. The increase of 31 1,000 persons, or almost 9 percent between Decem- ber 28 and February 29, was due largely to the expan- sion of employment on W. P. A. Work Programs which were employing 288,000 more persons on February 29 than at the end of 1935. While the gain in the number of persons working on projects under the supervision of other Federal agencies was relatively much greater (30 percent as compared with 10 percent on W. P. A.), it was offset to a large extent by the decline of 60,000 in the total number of persons engaged in Emergency Conservation Work. The trend and distribution of Works Program employment, by major agencies, are indicated in the tabulation below. Employment by Agencies [Thousands of employees] Week ending — Grand total < £ Emergency Conservation Work Total other agencies Other agencies Agriculture (ex- cluding Public Roads) Navy Public Roads < pi Resettlement Ad- ministration 1 War All other July 31 573 70 487 16 7 1 2 ( 3 ) 2 6 ( 3 ) Aug. 17 757 189 529 39 21 3 20 ( 3 ) 4 11 ( 3 ) Aug. 31 910 248 594 68 35 8 »0 ( 3 ) 3 16 6 Sept. 7 958 300 581 77 40 8 20 1 3 19 6 Sept. 14 1,004 344 573 87 45 9 20 1 3 22 7 Sept. 21 1,065 398 565 102 47 11 2 5 1 4 27 7 Sept. 28 1. 126 456 557 113 51 11 27 1 4 31 8 Oct. 5 1, 177 506 548 123 54 12 »7 1 4 36 9 Oct. 12 1,315 594 587 134 57 13 2 12 1 4 38 9 Oct. 19 1,347 661 526 160 59 14 2 27 1 5 42 12 Oct. 26 1,505 777 555 173 60 15 2 31 1 5 48 13 Nov. 2 1.720 987 558 175 60 15 2 32 2 4 48 14 Nov. 9 2.014 1,265 553 196 60 16 2 48 2 5 49 16 Nov. 16 2, 426 1,624 559 243 61 16 90 3 5 50 18 Nov. 23 2, 736 1, 925 552 259 62 16 97 4 5 53 22 Nov. 30 3,284 2,484 544 256 62 16 87 4 6 54 27 Dec. 7 3,382 2,582 538 262 62 17 86 5 55 30 Dec. 14 3, 469 2, 675 527 267 62 17 83 6 11 56 32 Dec. 21 3,516 2,717 521 278 61 17 86 12 13 56 33 Dec. 28 3, 542 2, 751 519 272 61 17 73 15 17 54 35 Jan. 4 3, 571 2, 793 512 266 56 17 69 18 16 52 38 Jan. 11 3, 621 2,848 496 277 58 18 65 21 21 54 40 Jan. 18 3, 689 2, 896 492 301 58 17 72 28 28 55 43 Jan. 25 3, 735 2, 930 487 318 58 18 73 34 32 54 49 Feb. 1 3, 779 2, 965 482 332 57 17 73 44 34 54 53 Feb. 8 3, 801 2, 991 478 332 58 17 68 39 40 53 57 Feb. 15 3, 822 3, (121) 467 335 59 17 64 39 41 53 62 Feb. 22 3, 839 3, 037 464 338 59 17 63 36 45 53 65 Feb. 29 3,853 3, 039 459 355 60 17 68 41 47 54 68 1 Does not include rural rehabilitation cases. 2 Does not include employment on Public Roads projects previously* authorized under the Hayden-Cartwright Act, but financed by $100,000,000 apportioned lo States out of the Emergency Relief Anpropriation Act of 1935. 3 Less than 500 persons. Outstanding advances in the number of persons working under W. P. A. were made by Pennsylvania, California, Texas, and Illinois, which together ac- counted for almost half the total rise of 288,000 in W. P. A. employment between December 28, 1935, and February 29, 1936. In Pennsylvania the number of persons working increased by more than 47,000 and in California by 30,000, wldle on the State Work Pro- grams of Illinois and Texas employment rose 26,000 and 25,000, respectively. Washington and Tennessee each reported increases of more than 10,000 in the number of persons working. The remainder of the increase was distributed fairly evenly among the other States, with only five States showing slight declines in the number of persons employed under their programs. To the increased activities of the Resettlement Ad- ministration and the P. W. A. (chiefly the Non-Federal Division) was due in large part the net rise of 83,000 during this period in the employment provided on projects under the supervision of 40 other Federal agencies (exclusive of W. P. A. and C. C. C). Em- ployment under the Resettlement Administration pro- gram expanded about 30,000 persons, while the Non- Federal Division of P. W. A. furnished work for almost 26,000 more persons on February 29 than on December 28. In the former agency, the increase was mainly in soil conservation and soil improvement work; in the latter, a general increase occurred due to the starting of numerous new projects and increased activity on projects which were already under way at the turn of the year. The Bureau of the Census reported an in- crease in employment of about 15,000 persons, due principally to the commencement of field work on the Census of Business Enterprise and Survey of Retail Trade project. Employment on projects of the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration increased by ap- proximately 16,000 persons, most of whom were engaged in the reforestation and prevention of soil erosion and the rural rehabilitation programs of that agency. In addition, four agencies which had not started work by the end of 1935 — the Alley Dwelling Authority, Bureau of Standards (Commerce Department), Office of Education and the Temporary Government of the Virgin Islands (both Interior Department)- — reported projects under way on February 29 with the number at work ranging from a few persons in the first-men- tioned to 569 persons in the case of the last-mentioned agency. Employment in the Virgin Islands was con- 81 82 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION centrated chiefly on projects involving the establish- inent, maintenance, and operation of husiness and social centers on the Isle of St. Croix. The rising trend of employment under most of the participating agencies was offset to some extent by the decreases reported in the number of persons working under the Bureau of Public Roads, the Quartermaster (Vups, and a few other agencies. Public Roads proj- ects lost more than 5,000 workers and the Quarter- master Corps lost more than 1,000 workers, largely as a result of adverse weather conditions. Other declines reported were relatively unimportant. Employment on Emergency Conservation Work, wliich has been dropping off gradually since early in November, continued to decline during the first weeks of 1936. On February 29 more than 459,000 persons were engaged in tliis work as compared with about 519,000 on December 28, 1935. Most of the decline occurred in the number of C. C. C. enrollees, which was reduced by about 54,000 men during tins period. The total employment on February 29 included 446,000 men in C. C. C. camps (53,000 of whom were non- enrolled personnel engaged in supervisory, professional, technical, and similar capacities), about 9,500 on Indian Reservations, and 4,200 in the four Territories. STATUS OF FUNDS Additional allocations and rescissions of funds during the first nine weeks of 1936 made only minor changes in the status of allocations under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. As is indicated in the accompanying summary tabulation, the amount of funds earmarked but not formally allocated was reduced approximately $169,000,000 by allocations made between December 31, 1935, and February 29, 1936. On the latter date over $153,000,000 remained undistributed out of the $4,559,500,000 available for allocation. The increase in the amount allocated resulted from allocations totaling $234,429,278 and rescissions amount- ing to $65,073,871. The bulk of the funds allocated between December 31, 1935, and February 29, 1936, went to the W. P. A., which received a net addition of $136,096,804. Allocations of $184,783,198 to this Administration were partly offset by rescissions of $48,686,394, including $1,500,000 rescinded from pre- vious allocations to the N. Y. A. and reallocated for administrative purposes. Next in size of net alloca- tions during this period was the Department of the Treasury which received $12,000,000 for administra- tive purposes and $1,000,000 for the Revolving Fund i for the Purchase of Materials. Allocations made to the Resettlement Administration amounting to about $11,749,000 were largely for direct relief in stricken rural areas, for prevention of soil erosion and stream pollution, and for the purpose of forestation and reforestation work. The National Park Service of the Department of the Interior received $6,740,000 for the acquisition and development of a site near St. Louis, Mo. For Emergency Conservation Work $4,000,000 was made available to carry on the program within Indian reservations. An additional $2,600,000 of administra- tive funds was allocated to the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Allocations amounting to $2,252,723 were made to the Corps of Engineers for carrying on its projects. The Office of Indian Affairs received $1,985,000. Of this amount, $500,000 will be used for direct relief among the Indians and the remainder for projects designed to improve the general welfare of Indians through the establishment of community centers, the construction and repair of homes, and the clearing and improving of land. Allocations to several other agencies were slightly increased. Six agencies had their funds reduced by rescissions during this period. The status of alloca- tions, on both December 31, 1935, and February 29, 1936, is shown in the accompanying tabulation. Status of Allocations Under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 Based on Warrants Countersigned Amount allocated Agency Dec. 31, 1935 Feb. 29, 1936 Agriculture: Public Roads .. . $500, 000, 000 $500, 000, 000 Other - 75, 399, 043 75, 754, 043 Commerce - - 10, 452, 944 9, 302, 944 Interior: Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration 35, 487. 920 33, 377, 380 Reclamation- 84, 150, 000 84, 150, 000 Other 6, 432, 337 14,212, 372 Labor. 9, 334, 605 10, 134, 605 Navy 17, 554, 625 17,542, 716 Treasury . . . - 51,241,066 64, 241, 066 War 146, 634, 754 149, 078, 386 C. C. C 523, 479, 450 527, 479, 450 Public Works Administration: 102, 739, 050 101, 373, 050 343, 669, 712 339, 379, 748 Resettlement Administration 181,070,000 192,819, 354 Rural Electrification 11.536,517 10,425, 512 1, 269, 120 1,269, 120 Works Progress Administration 1, 162, 688, 914 1, 298, 785, 718 Employees' Compensation Commission . . . 28, 000, 000 L'h. hud. nun F. E. R. A 935, 930, 085 938, 530, 085 9,911, 500 10,481,500 Total $4, 236, 981. 642 $4, 406, 337, 049 Balance— Unallocated but earmarked for work relief 322, 518, 358 153, 162, 951 Total available for allocation.-- .. $4, 559, 500, 000 $4, 599, 500, 000 Previous deductions 320, 500, 000 320, 500, 000 Total appropriation _ $4, 880, 000. 000 it. ssn. nun, iiiki Appendix C STATISTICAL SUPPLEMENT Contents Page Definitions of Financial Terms 84 Table 1. Employment on W. P. A. projects, Emergency Conservation Work, and projects of other agen- cies, by States, September 28, 1935-February 29, 1936 85 Table 2. Employment by States and by agencies, excluding W. P. A. and C. C. C, December 28, 1935__ 88 Table 3. Presidential allocations for the Works Program, by agencies, February 29, 1936 90 Table 4. Presidential allocations for the Works Program, by agencies, December 31, 1935 91 Table 5. Presidential allocations for the Works Program, by agencies conducting work projects, excluding W. P. A. and C. C. C, February 29, 1936 92 Table 6. Presidential allocations for the Works Program, by agencies conducting works projects, exclud- ing W. P. A. and C. C. C, December 31, 1935 92 Table 7. Allocations by appropriation limitations and by agencies, February 29, 1936 93 Table 8. Allocations by appropriation limitations and by agencies, December 31, 1935 94 Table 9. Status of funds according to act limitations, December 31, 1935 95 Table 10. Status of funds according to organization units, December 31, 1935 95 Table 11. Status of funds according to States, December 31, 1935 96 Table 12. Status of allotments under the Works Program of P. W. A. Non-Federal Division, December 26, 1935 97 Table 13. Value of W. P. A. projects selected for operation by types and by States, December 31, 1935__ 98 Table 14. Value of projects approved for W. P. A. by types and by States, January 15, 1936 100 83 84 WORKS PROGRESS DEFINITIONS OF FINANCIAL TERMS To interpret properly the financial tables presented in this supplement, the following definitions are important. Allocations hi/ the Preside id {warrants approved). — The amounts shown in tables 'A, 4, 5, (>, 7, and S repre- sent allocations made by the President for which Treasury warrants have been approved. Upon the receipt in the Treasury Department of an order or letter of the President making an allocation, the Divi- sion of Bookkeeping and Warrants issues an appropria- tion warrant against the proper limitations contained in the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1!)3~>. Appropriation warrants are issued as a basis for charg- ing the Emergency Relief Appropriation and setting aside the amounts of allocations in separate appropria- tion account s on the books of the Treasury Department , subject to requisition and expenditure in accordance with the provisions of the allocations. These warrants are transmitted to the Comptroller General of the United States for countersignature before the monies therein are made available for expenditure. Kr/>( nditiin authorization* {allotment*). In order to maintain administrative control over the funds allocated by the President, the administrative officer responsible for the administration of the allocation issues to subordinate administrative officers what are known as expenditure authorizations or allotments. Allotments are usually issued to project managers for the purpose of authorizing them to commence work through the hiring of employees and the purchase of supplies, materials, equipment, etc., following the authorized Treasury procurement procedure, or to incur other obligations within the limitations contained in the allotments. Obligations may not be incurred except upon authority of an allotment issued pursuant to a Presidential allocation. Expenditure authori- zations are given in tables 9, 10, and 11. Obligations incurred. — Obligations consist of actual and accruing liabilities or commitments incurred by project managers or other authorized administrative officers. Obligations, as shown in tables 9, 10, and 11, ADMINISTRATION do not necessarily represent in all eases an immediate legal liability, but occur when a definite step has been taken with a view to incurring a liability on the part of the Government. For example, when a requisition for supplies, materials, or equipment has been submitted to the Procurement Division of the Treasury Depart- ment, an amount is set up as an obligation in the allot - ment account affected, even though legal liability is not incurred until a purchase order is issued. In this con- nection, it may be noted that work performed under the Works Program is generally done, through the employ- ment of labor on force account, and in order that suffi- cient funds may be reserved in the particular project account to meet pay rolls, the Treasury Department has adopted the practice of charging as an obligation at the beginning of each pay period (usually covering 2 weeks) an amount to cover the pay rolls w hen presented at the end of the pay period. In like manner anticipated obli- gations covering travel expenses and similar items are charged by the Treasury Department as obligations in advance of the actual receipt of vouchers. This pro- cedure is necessary for two reasons: first, to insure that the accounts reflect as nearly as practicable the accruing liability of the Government on account of each project; and, secondly, to insure that administrative agencies do not incur commitments in excess of funds available for projects or limitations thereunder. Voucher payments {checks issued). — Voucher pay- ments represent expenditures on the basis of checks issued in payment of pay rolls and other vouchers certi- fied by authorized administrative officers. Pay rolls and other vouchers are carefully examined in the Treasury Accounts Office as to legality and propriety of payment, before they are transmitted to the Treasury disbursing clerk for payment. The expenditures as shown in tables 9, 10, and 11 of this appendix are on the basis of checks issued to employees and public creditors. In this respect the figures differ from expend- itures as reflected in Daily Statements of the United States Treasury, which are on the basis of checks paid by Federal Reserve Banks and cleared through the Treasurer's accounts in Washington. REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 85 Table 1. — Employment on W. P. A. Projects, Emergency Conservation Work, and Projects of Other Agencies, by States, Excluding Administrative Employees September 28, 1935, Through February 29, 1936 Number of employees during week ending Number of employees during week ending Feb. 29 Jan. 25 Line State Emer- Emer- Line no. Total all W. P. A. gency Other Total W. P. A. gency Other no. agencies ^ projects Conserva- C\ Ct(±T\ o\ AS I iif-triiL-iCo projects Conserva- agencies ^ tion Work tion Work (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 1 63, 111 45 728 7 568 9,815 63, 391 47 701 7 912 7, 778 2 Arizona _ _ - - --- 26, 377 14 773 5 115 6, l.V.I 24, 617 13 733 5 221 5, 663 2 3 59, 698 42 178 9 800 7, 720 60, 662 43 867 10 430 6, 365 3 4 195, 823 155] 838 \i 937 25, 048 180, 962 144* 652 16,' 020 20, 290 5 52, 080 42, 764 4,630 4, 686 52, 012 42, 186 4, 872 4,954 n 35, 177 27 597 5 074 2, 506 36, 505 28 774 5 448 2, 283 R 5, 427 3 696 593 1, 138 5, 169 3 172 632 1. 365 7 8 13, 965 9 094 2 750 2, 121 13, 708 8 985 2 703 2, 020 8 9 til, 5x7 37! 265 8, 768 15, 554 60, 162 35! 914 9,' 510 14, 738 g 10 76, 697 52, 822 11,943 11,932 74, 586 53, 804 12, 601 8, 181 10 11 19, 585 13 657 3 343 2, 585 19, 196 13, 158 3 468 2, 570 ] 1 12 228, 736 199^ 226 23* 206 6, 304 219, 848 IKS, IKiX 24, 310 7, 480 12 13 97, 341 86 087 x on:; 3, 191 95, 859 83, 829 s' 5! IX 3, 432 13 14 45, 172 35^ 198 7, 173 2,801 44, 580 33', 679 7', 473 3, 428 14 15 59, 740 47, 398 6,984 5, 358 55, 974 43, 863 7, 186 4, 925 15 lo ■vr *. i 88, 592 69, 092 16, 766 2, 734 83, 587 63, 128 17, 588 2, 871 16 17 69, 848 57) 035 7, 686 5, 127 72, 341 59^ 449 X, III ;n 4,892 17 18 19, 209 III', Kli'i 3, 341 5,003 19, 206 10, 580 3', 45C 5, 176 18 19 29, 298 20! 657 4! 506 4, 135 31,704 21,316 6^949 3, 439 19 20 137, 729 117, 830 13, 802 6, 097 129, 461 108, 330 15, 018 6,113 20 01 121, 451 98, 841 15, 998 6, 612 120, 058 95, 504 17, 029 7, 525 21 22 79, 677 64, 345 11, 470 3, 862 80, 329 64, 260 12, 005 4,064 22 23 56, 942 40, 359 10', 770 5, 813 51, 188 35, 473 ll! 341 4,374 23 24 116,293 91,709 15,' 446 9,138 113,018 85, 977 16! 112 10, 929 24 25 26, 527 18, 522 3, 451 4, 554 25, 305 16, 296 3, 654 5, 355 25 26 XT V. In 31, 928 23, 945 4, 774 3, 209 28, 159 20, 424 4, 904 x3 1 26 27 5,894 3, 067 1, 072 1,755 5, 489 2, 857 1, 046 1,586 27 28 New Hampshire — - --- 13, 536 9, 974 1, 959 1,603 12, 789 9, 053 2, 128 1,608 28 29 114,036 95, 991 11,' 483 6, 562 115, 138 96, 312 12] 610 6, 216 29 30 25, 768 13, 393 5,173 7,202 24, 767 12, 385 5, 479 6, 903 30 31 "\T/**ir \^c%rlj" f^it"T7 259, 803 242, 547 10, 572 6, 684 256, 896 241, 075 11, 423 4, 398 31 32 New York (Excl. N. Y. C.) 154, 215 133! 633 \2, 555 8, 027 a 154, 404 13l' 505 13* 353 2 9, 546 32 33 North Carolina... . . . . 67, 750 47,' 495 III. 166 9,789 63, 813 45' 015 11, 177 7,621 33 34 19, 794 12! 980 5^590 1,224 20, 498 13! 476 5! 696 1, 326 34 35 Ohio — - - - ■ 209, 366 182, 634 20, 510 6, 222 209, 483 180, 449 21,929 7, 105 35 36 C\ L- 1 o Vi nm q 113, 348 yu, 593 . . _ 14, 580 8, 175 114, 646 93, 051 14, 949 6, 646 36 37 Oregon ___ 31,621 22, 180 5, 224 4,217 31,317 21, 987 5, 462 3, 868 37 38 Pennsylvania 318 753 Z/9, 4/3 27, 964 11 316 258, 379 30, 170 11 266 38 39 19 767 15, 874 2, 676 1 217 19, 557 16, 099 2, 833 '625 39 40 South Carolina . 54 191 35, 828 8, 660 g' 703 51, 275 35, 431 9, 037 6 807 40 41 South Dakota . . . 20, 912 15, 591 4,644 677 23 578 16, 935 5, 024 1 619 41 42 Tennessee 72! 982 55, 483 10, 588 6,911 67! 868 51, 261 11,078 5! 529 42 43 169, 941 119,602 24, 194 26, 145 156, 457 111,886 25, 869 18, 702 43 44 Utah . . 20, 716 15, 653 3,445 1, 618 20, 578 15, 276 3,599 1,703 44 45 Vermont 9, 674 6, 186 2,276 1, 212 8, 752 5,264 2,313 1, 175 45 46 Virginia .... 60, 735 40, 407 11, 647 8,681 60, 020 40,452 10. 343 9, 225 46 47 Washington... . 61, 433 45, 820 7, 223 8,390 57, 871 40, 060 7, 965 9, 846 47 48 West Virginia... ... 68, 094 56, 138 9, 627 2, 329 66, 731 54, 161 10, 163 2, 407 48 49 Wisconsin. 85, 151 66, 190 13, 861 5, 100 85, 663 65, 425 14, 754 5,484 49 50 Wyoming . 8, 718 5,720 1,504 1,494 9, 162 5, 852 1,516 1,794 50 51 Total distributed by States. -. _. . 3, 804, 208 3, 038, 973 455, 450 309, 785 3, 698, 154 2, 929, 758 4X2, 350 286, 046 51 52 Alaska 732 357 375 788 352 436 52 53 Hawaii... 3, 636 1, 577 2,059 3, 476 1,504 1, 972 53 54 Panama Canal Zone 502 502 54 55 Puerto Rico . . 32, 676 2,076 30, 600 21, 486 2, 159 19, 327 55 56 Virgin Islands . . 855 240 615 410 229 181 56 57 Total not distributed by States or Territories 10, 768 10, 768 10, 463 10, 463 57 58 Grand total .. . 3, 853, 377 3, 038, 973 459, 700 354, 704 3, 734, 777 2, 929, 758 486, 594 318, 425 58 1 Does not include rural rehabilitation cases of the Resettlement Administration. 3 Includes employment in New York City under the Non-Federal Division of P. W. A. ( Continued on page 86) 86 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Table 1. — Employment on W. I'. A. Projects, Emergency Conservation Work, and Projects of Other Agencies, by States, Excluding Administrative Employees — Continued Sei'Tkmhkii 28, 1935, Tmtoi'Oii Fkhhuary 29, 1936 Number of employees during week ending Number of employees during week ending Dec. 28 Nov. •HJ Line State no. Emer- Emer- Line Total all W. P. A. gency Other Total all W. P. A. gency Other no. agencies ' 1 11 UJUd'B ( 'iinunri"!. ' UX1SOJ v W agencies 1 agencies ' projects Conserva- agencies 1 1 Mill \S lirk tion Work (0 (2) \'>J (5) (6) (7) (g) (9) i A l'.i Vio in ■) 62, 847 48, 821 8, 356 6,670 54,981 41,940 8,766 4,275 j 2 A r i 7 c > n u 23, 375 11,672 5, 569 6, 134 18, 351 6, 885 5,817 5, 649 2 3 Arkansas 5s, 1 16" 41, 775 10, 868 5, 121 53, 770 37, 300 1 1 , 404 5, 066 3 4 California _. .. . .. . 1 Ml, li 12 125, 787 17, 596 16, Olfl 1 4 It 1 if .'1 140, 093 107, 701 1 8, 470 13, 922 4 50, 166 40, 365 5,219 4, 582 46, 132 37, 220 5, 469 3, 443 g 34, 947 27, 406 5,888 1,593 28, 972 21,454 6, 182 1,336 g 7 4, 359 2, 996 679 684 2, 850 1,775 712 363 •7 8 District of Columbia 1 1, 281 6, 915 2, 776 1, 590 10, 407 5j 479 2, 890 2, 038 8 9 Florida.. _.. 55, 338 35, 428 10, 482 9, 428 .54, 604 35, 599 1 1 , 009 7, 996 9 10 ( I » 'i in ' 1 ■ i 71, 7110 53, 434 13, 364 4, 992 72, .545 53, 493 14, 026 5, 026 10 1 1 Idaho 17,596 Hi, 645 3, 711 3,240 14, 943 7, 070 3, 832 4,041 ] j 12 1 ] ] 1 1 n j i - 2115, dill 172. 880 26, 059 6, 152 211,936 179,000 27, 364 5, 572 12 13 Indiana 92, 64i i 80, 279 9, 165 3, 196 92, 049 79. 050 9, 614 3, 385 13 I 1 38, 213 26, 372 7, 912 3, 929 31, 258 18, 775 8, 301 4, 182 14 15 T*T'.i ncoc 5 1. 7si. 42, 680 7, 567 4, 539 .50, 219 38, 9o.i 7, 957 3, 299 15 lfi 83, 035 60, 685 18, 759 3,591 78,016 55, 402 19,699 2,915 16 ] ; T ,p»i i iyi n ti n 63, 305 50, 722 8, 421 4, 162 60, 277 47, 838 8,831 3,608 17 18 Maine. 20, 615 III, H51 3, 657 li, in 1 1 19, 827 8, 345 3, 838 7, 644 18 19 Maryland 27, 768 18,568 6. 1118 3, 182 21, 506 1 1, 917 6, 3 1 2 3, 277 10 20 A/T nw "iP 1 hi i « n tic p»t ft 74.034 57, 600 12,637 3. T'.'T 72, 206 55, 205 13, 255 3, 746 22 23 Mississippi. 46. 660 32, 149 1 1 . 947 2, 564 42, 478 26, 803 12, 455 3, 220 23 24 Missouri I in. 390 -2. 122 17.020 10, 948 107, 542 80, 000 17, 868 9, 674 24 25 22, 900 14, 114 sn7 4, 979 19, 555 10, 836 4, 003 4, 716 25 26 28,316 20, 461 5, 109 2, 746 25,980 17,525 5, 370 3,085 26 27 5, 026 2,385 1 , 086 1,555 4.583 2, 293 i. I2H 1, 170 27 28 New Hampshire 10, 937 7..- Presidential Allocations ton the Works I'iiocium by Aoexcies Conductini; Work Projects, Excluding W. P. A. and C. C. C Febhuakt 29, 1936 Agency (H Department of Agriculture: Bureau of Agricultural Engineering Bureau of Animal Industry Biological Survey Bureau of Dairy Industry Bureau of I' iil»mi>li>e y and I'lanl Quai anline _ _ Extension Service Forest Service. Bureau of Plant Industry. _ Bureau of Public Roads Soil Conservation Service Weather Bureau Alley Dwelling Authority I >epart ment of Commerce: Bureau of the Census Bureau of Fisheries Bureau of Lighthouses Bureau of Standards Department of Interior: Alaska Road Commission _. Bituminous Coal Commission Office of Education Geological Survey Office of Indian Affairs National Park Service Puerto Rico Reconstruction Adminis- tration Total allocal ions (2) $7, 151 1,682,900 541,289 3, 000 16,559, 817 4, 066 26, 750, 000 13, 500, 000, 000 23, 500, 000 17,700 200, 000 8,731,948 2:10, 996 20,000 7.-,, I Hill 671, 500 90, 000 i,9l\i;:t:i 10,000 2, ,000 8, 250, 000 33, 377, 380 Allocated for work projects (3) $7, 151 1,682,900 266, 289 3,000 16,559, 4, 13,827, 43, 491,000, 21, 000, 17, 21 HI, 8,731, 230, 20, 75, 671, 90, 1,948, 10, 1,485, 1,500, 32,152,380 26 Line no. Line no. Agency (1) Department of Interior Continued. Bureau of Reclamation St. Elizabeths Hospital Temporary Government of the Virgin Islands __ Department of Labor: U. S. Employment Service Immigration and Naturalization Secretary's Office Library of Congress... Navy Department: Yards and Docks Treasury Department: Coast Guard „ Internal Revenue Procurement I >i\ ision Public Health Service Secretary's Office _ War I lepart ment Corps of Engineers Quartermaster Corps Public Works Administration: Housing. Non-Federal Resettlement Administration Rural Electrification Administration Veterans' Administration 1 Otal allocations (2) Allocated for work projects (3) _ . Line no. $84 150 000 $82, 650, 000 27 '1 .Mm 9' 500 28 434 600 434, 600 29 30 9, 400, 100 900, 100 31 179, 895 179, 895 32 512 610 :too, i« in 33 211 500 211, 500 34 35 17, 527 716 17, 318, 561 36 37 5, 263, 995 5, 263, 995 38 5, 083, 487 5, 083, 487 39 543, 584 543,584 40 3, 450, 000 3, 450, 000 41 1,200,000 1,200,000 42 43 133,938,892 131,938,892 44 14,831,056 14, 699, 675 45 101,373,050 101,373,050 46 47 339, 379, 748 339, 379, 748 48 192, 819, 354 38,000,000 49 10, 429, 512 9, 775, 512 60 1,269, 120 1,234, 120 51 1 Based on Treasury warrants approved. Tablk 6. -Presidential Allocations for the Works Prooram my Agencies Conducting Work Projects, Excluding W. P. A. AND C. C. C December 31, 1935 Total allocations (2) Allocated for work projects (3) Line no. $84, 150,000 $82, 650, 000 28 9,500 9,500 29 434, 600 434, 600 30 31 8, 900, 100 900, 100 32 179, 895 179, 895 33 211,500 211,500 34 36 17, 554,625 17, 345, 470 36 37 5, 263, 995 5, 263, 995 38 5, 083, 487 5, 083, 487 39 543, 584 543, 584 40 3, 450, 000 3, 450, 000 41 1,200,000 1,200,000 42 43 131, 686, 169 129,686, 169 44 14, 804, 147 14,672,766 45 102, 739, 050 102, 739, 050 46 47 343, 669, 712 343, 669, 712 48 181, 070, 000 38, 000, 000 49 11, 536, 517 11,086,517 50 1,269, 120 1, 234, 120 51 \fcricy 11. Department of Agriculture: Bureau of Agricultural Engineering Bureau of Animal ludustry Biological Survey. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils Bureau of Dairy Industry Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quar- antine Extension Service Forest Service Bureau of Plant Industry Bureau of Public Roads Soil Conservation Service Weather Bureau Alley Dwelling Authority Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census Bureau of Fisheries.. Bureau of Lighthouses Bureau of Standards Department of Interior: Alaska Road Commission Bituminous Coal Commission.. Office of Education Geological Survey Office of Indian Affairs National Park Service... Puerto Rico Reconstruction Adminis- tration _ Total allocations (2) $7, 151 1,682,900 541, 289 20,000 3,000 Hi. v.!.. SI7 4,066 27, 000,000 43,500 500, 000, 000 23, 500, I Kill 17,700 200,000 9, 881,948 230, 996 211. mm 75,000 671, 500 90,000 2, 1111, vj| 10, 000 1,510,000 35, 487, 920 Allocated for work projects (3) $7, 151 I.6S2, 900 266, 289 20,000 3,000 16,559, 817 4, 066 13, 827, 500 43,500 491,000,000 21,000,000 17, 700 200,000 9, 881,948 230, 996 20,000 75,000 671,500 2, '.HI, V2I 10,000 1,510,000 34, 262, 920 Line no. Line no. A gency (1) Department of Interior— Continued. Bureau of Reclamation St. Elizabeths Hospital Temporary Government of the Virgin Islands Department of Labor: U. S. Employment Service Immigration and Naturalization. Library of Congress Navy Department: Yards and Docks Treasury Department: Coast Guard Internal Revenue. Procurement Division Public Health Service Secretary's Office War Department: Corps of Engineers- Quartermaster Corps. Public Works Administration: Housing Non- Federal Resettlement Administration Rural Electrification Administration. Veterans' Administration 1 Based on Treasury warrants approved. REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 93 Table 7. — Allocations by Appropriation Limitations and by Agencies 1 February 29, 1936 (I) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) d a Agency Total Items not included in specific limitations Highways and grade crossings Rural reha- bilitation Rural elec- trification Housing Assistance for educa- tional, etc., personnel Civilian Conserva- tion Corps Loans or grants to States, etc. Sanitation, etc. d a g (i) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) a 1 Total allocated through Feb. 29, 1936 $4,406,337,049 $1,217,671,311 $500,671,500 $250,107,454 $7, 957, 226 $103,773,050 $121,314,609 $527,479,450 $1,461,851,917 $215,510,532 1 2 3 Department of Agriculture: Public Roads 491, 000. 000 65, 161, 923 491, 000, 000 2 3 4 All other bureaus 18, 584, 423 46, 577, 500 4 5 Advisory Committee on Allotments ' S 6 Alley Dwelling Authority Civil Service Commission 2 200,000 200,000 6 7 7 8 Department of Commerce Emergency Conservation Work.- 9, 057, 944 527, 289, 000 928, 039, 460 28, 000, 000 250,996 8, 806, 948 8 9 527, 289, 000 9 10 Federal Emergency Relief Administration. 928, 039, 460 10 11 Federal Employees Compen- sation Commission. 28, 000, 000 11 12 General Accounting Office 3 12 13 14 Department of Interior: Puerto Rico Reconstruc- tion Administration 32, 152, 380 82, 650, 000 13, 399, 233 306, 740 23, 651, 900 77, 650, 000 1, 636, 200 2,200,000 4, 999, 600 5, 000. 000 994, 140 13 14 15 Reclamation 15 16 All other bureaus 8, 860, 900 671,500 1, 230, 254 1, 000, 379 16 17 Department of Justice 2 17 18 Department of Labor 1, 379, 995 211,500 179, 895 1, 200, 100 18 19 Library of Congress 211,500 19 20 National Emergency Council 2 National Resources Commit- tee 2 20 21 21 22 Navy Department— Yards 17, 318, 561 17, 318, 561 22 23 Prison Industries Reorgani- zation Administration 2 . ... 23 24 _." Public Works Administra- tion: Housing 101, 373, 0.50 339, 379, 748 167, 169, 354 4, 000, 000 9,775,512 15, 541, 066 1, 234, 120 132, 938, 892 14, 699, 675 45, 656, 268 1, 189, 029, 450 189, 679, 918 101, 373, 050 24 25 26 20 Non-Federal . 339, 379, 748 27 Resettlement Administra- tion 147, 169, 354 20,000,000 27 28 Revolving funds for purchase of materials and supplies Rural Electrification Admin- istration. . . 4, 000, 000 28 29 7, 307, 226 2, 468, 286 29 ;in Treasury Department... 0, z7o, 1 95 1, 234, 120 10, 264, 2/1 30 31 Veterans' Administration 31 H2 33 War Department: Corps of Engineers . 132, 938, 892 32 33 34 Quartermaster Corps 14, 699, 675 34 35 36 Works Progress Administra- tion: National Youth Admin- istration... 45, 656, 268 54, 156, 768 35 36 37 State Work Programs Administrative expenses 10, 868, 778 179, 839, 468 1, 109, 003, 904 15, 000, 000 37 38 9, 000, 000 650. 000 190,450 38 39 Appropriation limitation $4, 000, 000, 000 $800. 000, 000 $500, 000, 000 $100,000,000 $450, 000, 000 $300, 000, 000 $600, 000, 000 2 $900, 000, 000 $350, 000, 000 39 ' Based on Treasury warrants approved; exclusive of $292,000,000 F. E. R. A., $60,000,000 Farm Credit Administration, and $13,500,000 allotted for other purposes prior to the passage of the act, for which no Treasury warrants charged against the $4,000,000,000 appropriation have been issued. 2 Allocations made for administrative expenses onlv; included in total administrative expenses, line 38. 3 Executive Order 7186 increased the limitation from the $900,000,000 stated in the act to $1,700,000,000 94 WORKS PROGRESS administration Table 8. — Allocations ky Appropriation Limitations and by Agencies 1 December 31, 1935 Agency (1) Total (2) (I) Items not included in specific limitations (3) (A) Highways and grade crossings (4) (B) Rural rehabilita- tion (5) (C) Rural electrifi- cation (6) (D) Housing (7) (E) Assistance for educational, etc., person- nel (8) (F) Civilian Conserva- tion Corps (0) (O) Roans or grants to States, etc. rim (H) Sanitation, etc. Total allocated through I )epart men t of Agricultures T*i 1 1 ,1 i r • l^ci'ii'ltf $4,236,981,042 $1,167,688,084 tr.flO f.71 (EnCI ip<)OU,o/ i ,'>uw « 1 fir, 1 'if) fi^n ¥140,o08,voU tf>coo Oof, nn/t 9022,389,000 $1,334,269,368 $214,407,809 4Q.1 non nnn 65, 431,923 1 1 iimi, 1 if il i IN, l n n I, I n III All other bureaus 18, 604, 423 46, 827, 500 Advisory Committee on Al- lotments 2 Alley I.)welli ng Authority Civil Service ( onunission 2 — L'oo. ■ 1(1/1 /WUl OOO lU t £A}t , iri i 523, 289, 000 "IN 1) "I I'd 'Ml •I'll Lmergency Conser vat ion Work roo ion fwi 022, 38y, 00U 9C0, (XX) Federal Emergency Relief A < 1 n i i ii is t ration. qoq n*t o*>n 82, 650, 000 5,670,421 ■'III "111 OA fl I 9 A in 77, 650, (KM) 151,200 i t mu, uuu 4, 149. 60C 6,000,000 1,036,602 994, 140 All other bureaus l.fVJO.ilOO 671, 500 2, 190, 219 Department of Labor 1,079,995 211,500 17", 89.) 211,500 Ml HI III, Library of Congress National Emergency Coun- cil » - National Resources Commit- tee 2 - Navy Depart inent ^ ;ir Farm Credit Administration, and $13,500,000 allocated for other purposes prior to the passage of the act, for which no Treasury warrants charged against the $4,000,000,000 approrpiation have been issued. 2 Allocations made for administrative expenses only; included in total administrative expenses, line 38. 3 Executive Order 7186 increased the limitation from the $900,000,000 stated in the act to $1,700,000,000. REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 95 Table 9.- — Status of Funds According to Act Limitation 1 December 31. 1935 Line No. Act limita- tion letter (1) (A) (B) (C) (D) (K) (F) (G) UD (1) Purpose (2) Highways, roads, streets, and grade-crossings elimination.--' Rural rehabilitation and relief in stricken agricultural areas, and water conservation, transmountain water diversion and irrigation and reclamation Rural electrification Housing. Assistance for educational, professional, and clerical persons- Civilian Conservation Corps .. Loans or grants, or both, for projects of States, Territories, possessions, including subdivisions and agencies thereof, municipalities and the District of Columbia and self- liquidating projects of public bodies thereof Sanitation, prevention of soil erosion, prevention of stream pollution, sea-coast erosion, reforestation, flood control, rivers and harbors and miscellaneous projects Items not included in specific limitations: Federal Emergency Relief Administration - Other projects and administrative expenses Total _ Warrants pending approval Total allocations by President Unallocated by the President - Grand total Act limitation (3) $800,000,000 500, 000, 000 100,000,000 450, 000, 000 300, 000,000 ooo, ooo, ooo ' mil), noil, iiiiii 350, 000, 000 $4, 000, 000, 000 Allocations by the President (warrant ap- proved) (4) ! $500, 671,500 242, 833, 640 8,774,231 105, 139, 050 140, 80S, 960 522, 389, 000 1, 334, 269, 368 214, 407, 809 935, 930, 085 231, 757, W.< $4, 236, 981, 642 7, 822, 407 $4, 244, 804, 049 55, 195.951 $4, 300, 000, 000 Expenditure authorizations (allotments) (5) $500, 671. 500. 00 162, 138, 031. 96 7, 496, 931. 00 103, 773, 050. 00 52, 109, 668. 55 423, 295, 689. 00 1, 262, 578, 600. 05 181,225, 370.41 906, 910, 279. 14 153, 384, 879. 74 $3,753,583,981.85 $3,753,583,981. 85 $3,753,583,981.85 Obligations (6) $237, 683, 840. 17 41,918, 968.71 318,887. 19 11,441,832.79 17, 357,640.71 423, 295, 689. 00 512, 605, 418. 42 108,437,741.44 902, 274, 189. 71 85, 521, 792. 70 $2,340,856,000. 84 $2,340,856,000. 84 $2,340,850,000. 84 Expenditures (checks issued) (7) $66, 743, 069. 32 16, 132, 266. 21 310, 239. 92 11,346,211.40 12,047,891.65 327, 455, 343. 72 238, 147, 315. ( 41,441,533. 07 894, 047, 582. 95 64, 722, 852. 86 $1,672,394,306. 18 $1,672,394,306. 18 $1,672,394,306. 18 Line No. 1 Source: Report of the President to Congress of the operations under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, dated Jan. 9, 1936. 2 Includes statutory allocation of .$1110,0110.1 mil for Public Roads under Department of Agriculture Appropriation Act of 1936. 3 Limitation "Q" increased from $900,000,000 to $1,700,000,000 by Executive Order 7186 dated Sept. 21, 1935. 4 The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 provides the specific amount of $4,000,000,000, and permits, in addition, the use of unexpended balances not in excess of $880,000,000 from prior appropriations. To date the President has transferred $300,000,000 from balances of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to the Works Program account. Table 10. — Status of Funds According to Organization Units 1 December 31, 1935 Line no. Description (1) Legislative establishment: Library of Congress Executive departments: Agriculture. Commerce Interior _ Justice Labor Navy Treasury War Independent establishments: Advisory Committee on Allotments.— Alley Dwelling Authority.. Civil Service Commission Emergency Conservation Work__ Employees' Compensation Commission Fedeial Emergency Relief Administration General Account ing Office. . National Emergency Council National Resources Committee Prison Industries Reorganization Administration Public Works Administration Resettlement Administration Rural Electrification Administration Veterans' Administration Works Progress Administration Total Warrants pending approval Total allocations Unallocated Grand total Allocations by the President (warrants approved) (2) $211,500 575, 399, 043 10,452,944 126, 070, 257 900, 000 9, 334, 605 17, 554, 625 2 51,241,066 146,634, 754 25,000 200, 000 325, 000 523, 479, 450 28, 000, 000 935, 930, 085 6, 000, 000 1, 150, 000 1, 000, 000 100, 000 446, 408, 762 181,070, 000 11,536,517 1, 269, 120 ., 162, 6SS, 914 $4, 236,981,642 7, 822, 407 $4, 244, 804, 049 55, 195, 951 1 $4, 300, 000, 000 Expenditure authorizations (allotments) (3) $110,000.00 568, 610, 289. 99 8, 608, 228. 00 116,343,285.03 900, 000. 00 8, 039, 479. 73 17, 554, 625. 00 23, 479, 990. 53 144,716,204.00 25, 200, 325. 424, 386, 1,345, 906, 910, 3, 073, 1, 150, 560, 100, 444,211, 81.364, 10, 259, 1, 260, 990, 051, 000. 00 linn mi 000. 00 139. 00 462. 86 279. 14 050. 00 000. 00 000.00 000.00 570. 00 271. 46 217. 00 s.-.o. mi 040. 11 3, 753,583,981.85 $3, 753, 583, 981. 85 $3, 753, 583, 981. 85 Obligations (4) $70, 133. 93 209, 234, 783. 31 1,153, 492.77 24, 219, 191. 19 211,484.91 5,151,241.80 7, 574, 380. 43 13, 319, 752. 42 88, 318, 655. 69 1, 153. 08 6, 424, 154, 147, 902. 274, 1, 472, 811, 373, 11, 126, 893, 31, 866, 318, 471, 442, 799, 851. 83 078. 05 235. 51 I v.l 71 875. 48 750. 20 824. 66 473. 43 527. 40 251. 01 SS7 I'i 076. 33 710. 51 $2, 340, 856, 000. 84 $2, 340, 856, 000. 84 $2, 340, 856, 000. 84 Expenditures (checks issued) (5) .582, 186,712. 15 424, 990. 94 5, 020, 289. 42 199, 286. 40 5. 007, 751. 92 5, 074, 993. 29 8, 942, 572. 88 34, 161, 329. 10 1, 153. 08 328, 210, 111, 891,017, 1.328, 738, 339, 7, 28, 137, 21, 154, 310, 335, 256, 653, 640. 18 378. 53 582. 95 673. 70 927. 70 899.29 568. 57 318. 73 379. 32 239. 92 207. 79 410. 32 $1. 672, 394, 306. 18 $1, 672, 394, 306. 18 $1, 672, 394, 306. IS Line no. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 Source: Report of the President to Congress of the operations under the Emergency Relief Act of 1935, dated Jan. 9, 1936. 2 Includes revolving fund of $3,000,000 for purchase of materials and supplies. 3 The Emergency Appropriation Act of 1935 provides the specific amount of $4,000,000,000, and permits, in addition, the use of unexpended balances not in excess of $880,000,000 from prior appropriations. To date the President has transferred $300,000,000 from balances of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to the \\ inks Program account. WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Table 11. — Status of Funds According to States December 31. 1935 Line no. State (1) Alabama. . Arizona... Arkansas.. California < 'olorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho. . Illinois. . Indiana. Iowa Kansas.. Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan. . Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri... Montana... Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire . New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina . North Dakota. . Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island... South Carolina- South Dakota.. Tennessee- Texas Utah Vermont. - Virginia. -. Washington. .. West Virginia- Wisconsin Wyoming Alaska Hawaii Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Not allocated to specific States or Territories. Total Warrants pending approval. Total allocations- Unallocated Allocations by the President (warrants ap- proved) (2) Grand total. ' $4, 300, 000, 000 $60,251, 143 35, 9(i8, 699 53,592, 186 275, 040, 8K4 48, 700, 380 35, 005, 330 8, 192, 987 54, 447, 005 55,032,411 04,571,399 31,302, 182 222, 211, Mil 83, 304, 792 41,215.941 49, 178,931 00, .502. 388 45, 000, 881 23,241,923 51,404,212 144,829,304 120, 040,207 84, 087, 090 39, 194, 035 81,520, 101 51,338,279 41,282,557 10,505,029 12, 175, 325 113,321,015 35, 507, 109 400, 187,958 52, 3,50, 098 20, 977, 284 213, 552,790 os, s.M. 90.' 38, 188, 008 320, 857, 703 15,707,419 42,415, 072 25, 493, 076 02, 835, 100 152, 153,008 20, 932, 929 14, 967, 182 53, 166, 393 83,174,394 58,934, 172 109,281,042 25, 419, 705 2, 759, 217 8, 235, 970 49, 752, 007 1, 131,010 283, 561, 758 $4, 230.981.042 7, 822, 407 $4, 244, 804, 049 55, 195, 951 Expenditure authorizations (allotments) (3) $52, 443, .504 33, 720, 109 49, 155, 688 262, 402, 598 46, 025, 253 34, 109, 027 7, 510, 870 47, 400, 763 52, 230, 439 57,066, 113 27, 918, 723 213, 877.218 78,824,910 39. 529, 300 46,081,738 55,541,092 42, 225, 954 21, 542, 782 43, 483, 343 139, 973, 277 119. 887,575 79, 790, 107 30, 494, 766 77, 776. 457 49, 380, 010 39, 442, 540 10, 135, 949 11,880, 130 100, 830, 095 32, 219, 108 441,838, 144 48, 144, 582 25, 687, 551 203, 503, 521 04, 320, 890 36, 150, 749 289,059,515 14, 134, 287 38, 740, 930 24, 271, 187 58, 153, 020 144, 840, 839 25, 587, 041 13, 048, 676 46, 313, 801 79, 697, 004 54, 741, 658 105,336,346 24, 038, 575 2, 671,117 7, 352, 257 46, 470, 242 759, 239 49, 133, 163 Obligations (4) $3, 753, 583, 982 $3, 753, 583, 982 $3, 753, 583, 982 $34,439,153 20, 743, 974 32,892, 741 140,539,039 31, 749, 737 20, 201,544 4, 670, 757 27,030, 137 34,088,810 32, 644, 040 18, 432, 007 129, 302,808 47,701,044 21,959,865 28, 636, 081 33, 777, 406 29.603,310 14. 879, 538 32, 272, 538 73, 850, 430 83, 032, 006 60,616,898 20, 383, 897 49,586,118 32, 258, 507 27,039,951 7, 029, 105 7, 559, 188 60, 957, 185 20, 303, 960 328, 250, 245 30, 370, 254 14, 213, 294 108,221,500 40, 230, 578 20,868,011 183, 530, 335 5,903, 158 23, 688, 680 15, 159, 075 31,778,375 86, 871, 157 15, 054, 074 10, 370, 352 32, 447, 791 51,794, 582 32, 150, 997 69, 822, 670 10, 874, 974 2, 277, 730 4, 074, 083 12, 577, 975 244, 334 29, 226,113 Expenditures (checks issued) (5) $2, 340, 856, 001 $2, 340, 856, 001 $2, 340, 856, 001 $22, 763, 251 16, 431, 263 24, 377, 387 100,860,295 23, 340, 669 14, 444, 380 2, 608, 953 21,823, 127 21,388, 126 24, 090, 513 14,029, 779 90, 250, 022 33, 540, 034 14. 380, 627 20, 380, 197 22,181,057 22, 394, 415 11,094,955 17. 720. 372 03, 647, 380 54,714,146 40, 495, 158 18, 264, 501 35,515,103 22, 498, 732 15, 857, 102 4, 655, 512 5, 264, 106 44,869,041 15,714,923 229, 800, 218 23, 258, 118 11,140, 151 82,422. 149 20, 804, 330 15,984, 107 148, 813, 334 4, 301, 263 17, 396, 327 12, 447, 294 24, 951, 963 56, 375, 848 11,889,220 7, 350, 203 24, 032, 769 29,119,111 22, 512, 887 46, 004, 184 6, 460, 316 1,271,848 2, 835, 283 9, 960, 859 179, 552 10, 249, 980 $1, 072, 394, 306 $1,672,394,306 $1,672,394,300 1 Source: Report of the President to Congress of the operations under the Emergency Relief Act of 1935, dated Jan. 9, 1930. '' The Emergency Appropriation Act of 1935 provides the specific amount of S4.«mmi.(Mhi.ikhi, and permits, in addition, the use of unexpended balances not in excess of $880,000,000 from prior appropriations. To date the President has transferred $300,000,000 from balances of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to the Works Program account. REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 97 Table 12.- — Public Works Administration — Non-Federal Division Status of Allotments Under the Works Program by States 1 December 26, 1935 State (1) Total. Alabama. . Arizona. . . Arkansas.. California. Colorado.. Connecticut- Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho, Illinois. _ Indiana- Iowa Kansas .. Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan... Minnesota. . Mississippi- Missouri Montana... Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. North Dakota. . Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. . Rhode Island. _ South Carolina- South Dakota.. Tennessee- Texas Utah Vermont . . Virginia... Washington. .. West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming Alaska. Hawaii Virgin Islands. Number of projects (2) 4, 149 12 79 218 38 11 2 88 139 28 217 146 149 71 16 26 175 108 120 71 102 16 96 13 22 71 22 204 56 57 245 51 282 10 75 41 80 269 34 13 71 109 53 Loan value 2 (3) $154,647, 148 2, 774, 000 333, 500 3, 638, 250 15, 744,500 257, 500 14, 000 70,000 3, 796. 100 756, 455 386, 700 4, 999, 400 930, 389 455,000 312,000 2, 972, 000 196, 200 335, 500 15, 091,682 1, 427, 514 2, 206, 150 926, 000 1,363,000 6, 152, 600 540,500 75,000 11,704, 454 641,500 24, 822, 500 2, 341, 300 933, 944 6, 271, 600 1, 689, 225 1,694, 750 7, 505, 545 2, 669, 000 875, 600 3, 683, 300 17, 027, 755 265, 600 194,500 2, 165, 000 551, 000 2, 100, 885 616,000 648, 250 141,500 350, 000 Grant value 1 (4) / $325, 323, 220 4, 266, 041 352, 801 3, 078, 368 27, 958, 468 4, 995, 734 5,497,915 576, 469 118,500 3, 701, 814 3, 292, 509 706, 738 23, 080, 781 6, 640, 570 4, 688, 553 3, 108, 354 4, 205, 131 783, 955 12, 107, 554 14, 078, 020 15, 164, 809 5, 014, 250 2, 071, 683 6, 573, 233 1,314, 607 6, 644, 059 626, 821 832, 659 14, 914, 970 869, 474 51, 339, 278 3, 427, 985 1,425,416 13, 599, 065 4, 212, 990 4, 557, 065 18, 116,857 3, 889, 800 3, 416, 606 1,008, 762 4, 624, 293 18,612,799 986, 023 422, 485 4, 067, 442 4, 607, 864 2, 195, 544 5, 525, 738 1, 060, 099 141, 765 708, 565 111,939 Estimated total cost 1 (5) $743, 656, 896 9, 482,013 789, 279 6, 842, 373 62, 604, 748 11, 101,454 12,202,855 1, 282, 202 296, 5(K) 11,714, 995 7, 295, 066 1, 578, 514 52, 880, 233 15,014,026 10, 529, 037 6, 906, 628 9, 172, 423 1, 741, 968 26, 909, 120 30,906, 031 36, 859, 683 11,464, 358 4,611, 102 14, 858, 041 2, 913, 707 14, 806, 504 1, 546, 271 1,841,855 29, 661,062 1,959,884 111,809, 757 7,611,246 3, 179, 524 30, 331,059 9, 340, 276 10, 152, 379 42, 899, 685 8, 643, 756 7,711,064 2,211, 156 10, 425, 082 54, 450, 753 2, 188, 605 940, 651 9,061,681 11,246, 737 4,901,654 12, 287, 833 2, 353, 960 319,200 1, 574, 596 244, 310 i Source: Public Works Administration, Division of Economics and Statistics. 3 Funds from previous appropriations, except one loan of $10,500,000 from funds provided under E. R. A. Act of 1935. > Funds from E. R. A. Act of 1935 only. * Includes funds provided locally. 1 $7,858,528 available from E. R. A. Act not included in table; projects for this sum ready for allotment but not announced as of Dec. 26, 1935. 98 WORKS PKOGKKSS A DM I \ 1ST] {AT I ON Table 13. — Vai.i i; of W. P. A. Projects Selected foh Operation' by Types and by States December 31, 1935 (1) Grand total _. Alabama — Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida. Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa. Kansas Kentucky Louisiana... Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico -. New York City New York (Excl. N.Y.C) North Carolina... North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont. _ Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Total all projects Amount (2) *I.!6!I.650,»MI 14, 259, 561 4,929,017 14, 335, 580 73. 108, 131 12, 164, 774 11,380,066 1,042, 165 4, 456, 402 13, 378,441 23,297,861 4, 953, 222 80, 076, 798 44,281,329 7, 921, 538 14, 595, 785 22, 372, 046 8, 533, 765 2,915,371 7, 865,851 49, 165, 860 44, 019, 374 22, 166, 536 7, 138, 267 25, 168, 995 1, 1*3, 132 5, 660, 980 1,246,556 2, 845, 797 36, 141,304 5, 578, 115 117, 527, 372 71, 529, 862 9, 103, 974 3, 442, 067 •.'7. 6S2, Ho 22, 579, 590 7, 855, 600 114, 400,252 7,944,281 9, 834, 319 4, 082, 223 13, 285, 428 ili. MI2. SWS 7, 234, 762 2, 188, 308 8, 295. 658 16,817, 596 16. <;m. 199 30, 252, 856 2, 926, 988 Per- cent (3) I'M) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ion 100 100 100 100 Mill 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 [00 100 1110 Highways, roads and streets Amount (4) f 461.1^3,337 7, 237, 302 2, 019, 474 7, 305, 537 17, 799, S22 4, 518, 083 4, 002, 920 98, 352 1. 5.S0, 067 5,504,971 8,995, 761 2, 077, 842 39, 018, 353 22, 077, 646 3, 328, 239 6, 453, 921 11,884, 477 2, 360, 995 1, 248, 059 2, 736, 850 14, 361, 830 20. 597. 90S 8, 166, 1 18 2, 386, 497 10, 307, 922 1, 730, 307 2, 853, 425 293, 084 749, 479 12,240,764 1,831, 135 20,839,914 23,897, 471 2, 157, 832 1, 387, 578 45, 386, 440 9. 29.',. MS 3, 828, 753 64,419,339 2, 775, 485 2, 451, 172 1,508,267 5, 775,311 22, 234, 427 1,694, 434 1, 156, 983 1, 938, 937 5, 379, 402 10, 302, 358 8, 349, 781 1,086, 495 Per- cent (5) 39. 5 50.8 41.0 51.0 24. 4 37.1 35.2 9.4 35.4 41.2 38.6 41.9 48.7 49. 9 42. 11. 2 53. 1 27.6 42.8 34.8 29. 2 46.8 36.8 33.4 40.9 41.4 50.4 23.5 26. 3 33.9 32.8 17.7 33.4 23. 7 40. 3 46.5 41.2 48.7 56.3 34.9 24.9 36.9 43.5 60.4 23.4 52.8 23. 4 32.0 61.7 27. 6 37. 1 Public buildings Amount (6) $115,824,103 1, 886, 734 845, 005 1,750,365 10,012,831 987,211 1,2S.-,,9I3 66,815 168, 062 2, 082, 364 3, 775, 369 395, 300 4, 032, 452 3, 526, 387 566, 364 1, 106, 360 2, 946, 204 1,679,391 67, 065 882, 748 4, 473, 089 3, 923, 101 2, 820, 495 1, 150, 802 1,097, 686 273, 421 526, 707 45, 695 196, 442 3, 472, 904 1, 160,518 18, 096, 171 5, 535, 862 1,011, 176 358, 532 10, 471, 550 2, 822, 728 414, 572 7, 255, 204 742, 929 1, 210, 391 275, 787 1, 145, 656 1, 605, 451 1,243,089 193, 791 541,009 1,075,993 1, 656, 899 2, 647, 067 316, 446 Per- cent (7) 13. 2 17. 1 12. 2 13.7 8. 1 11.3 6.4 3.8 15.6 16.2 7.9 5.0 8.0 7. 1 2.3 11.2 9. 1 12. 7 16. 1 4.4 6.5 9.3 3.7 6.9 9.6 20.8 15.4 7.7 11. 1 10. 4 10.7 12.5 5.3 6.3 9.4 12.3 6.8 8.6 4.4 1 7. 2 8.9 6.5 6.4 Housing A mount (8) $2, 162, 938 23,670 8, 497 13, KV, 11,301 330, 327 151, 005 9,016 16, 765 980 90,907 1, 236, 986 33, 629 14, 449 11,954 178, 626 990 Per- cent (9) 0.2 (') .3 (') (') (') 1. 1 . 1 (') (') Parks and play- grounds Amount (10) $136,208,282 587, 049 535, 054 860, 195 6, 525, 899 1,021,214 1,484,418 122,724 539,533 '.",'2, 619 745, 329 279, 642 12, 583, 577 5, 735, 839 821,636 1, 535, 890 417, 522 851, 509 259. 996 871,638 4, 628, 615 1,699, 188 4, 773, 234 250,538 1,887,670 361, 853 422, 167 201,922 493, 633 6, 318, 010 327, 376 35, 198, 837 6, 737, 854 798, 737 358, 272 11,444, 472 551,369 .506,264 8, 970, 653 1,003, 545 198, 938 149, 206 558, 906 2.096, 184 526, 910 59, 332 1, 774, 604 2, 147, 227 416, 170 4, 287, 614 317, 669 Per- cent (11) 11.6 4. 1 10.9 6.0 8.9 8.4 13.0 11.8 12. 1 7.2 3.2 5.6 15. 7 12.9 10.4 10.5 1.9 10.0 8.9 11. 1 3.9 21.5 3.5 7.5 7.5 16.2 17.4 17.5 5.8 29.9 9.4 8.8 10.4 11.7 2.4 6.4 7.9 12.6 2.0 3.6 4.2 5.7 7.3 2.7 21.4 12.8 2.5 14.2 10.9 Flood control and other conservation Amount (12) $65, 081, 905 171,486 121, 248 1,002,972 11,212, 119 2, 346, 524 369, 040 12, 730 171, 172 15,011 690,454 3, 675, 693 2, 975, 932 455,411 727, 614 252, 040 6, 973 32,826 274, 263 1, 516, 661 3, 262, 260 805, 130 251,814 2,314, 274 357, 869 81,949 44, 036 51, 545 2, 389, 091 543,543 2, 507, 889 357, 150 94,602 4, 789, 662 1,999,026 654,618 5, 728, 963 26,617 77,906 286, 021 226, 036 2, 106, 375 356, 775 13,226 54,805 3, 837, 133 78,450 5, 417, 198 337, 773 Per- cent (13) 5.6 1.2 2.5 7.0 15.3 19.3 3.2 1.2 1.3 .1 13.9 4.6 6.7 5.7 5.0 1.1 .1 1. 1 3.5 3. 1 7.4 3.6 3.5 9.2 8.6 1.5 3.5 1.8 6.6 9.7 3.5 3.9 2.8 4.9 8.3 5.0 .3 7.0 1.7 5.7 4.9 .7 22.8 17.9 11.5 Water supply and sewer systems Amount (14) $112,878,138 .',os, it:( 130, 788 401, 350 7, 312, 203 1, 077, 055 2, 147, 376 150, 133 575, 832 885,455 3, 202, 724 265, 0.56 7, 092, 743 2, 021, 269 1, 163, 177 846. 221 1,108, 356 943, 371 376, 143 1,450,278 6, 666, 263 6, 584, 580 1,481, 783 446, 158 2, 484, 058 248,831 580,007 16, 974 635, 343 3, 656, 643 311,630 7, 725, 432 15, 336, 051 1, 183,946 306, 934 9, 396, 318 1,327,841 507,403 9, 580, 306 1, 069, 398 476, 041 249, 525 395, 577 2, 129, 067 611,976 282, 869 723, 104 1, 080, 702 1, 642, 785 3, 837,074 250, 546 1 Less than 0.05 percent. (.Concluded on page 99) REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 99 Table 13. — Value of W. P. A. Projects Selected for Operation by Types and by States — Concluded December 31, 1935 State (1) Grand total. Alabama. . Arizona Arkansas - California- Colorado. . Connecticut Delaware. -. District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois.. Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan... Minnesota.. Mississippi. Missouri Montana. . . Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York City... New York (Excl. N. Y. North Carolina North Dakota Ohio C.)~ Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania.. . Rhode Island. .. South Carolina. South Dakota. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington - . . West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming Electric utilities Amount (2) $1,845,415 17, 143 24, 422 "~2,~i98 32, 229 12, 952 11,892 132, 725 14, 670 20, 036 579, 244 5<.I.S2d 189, 983 58, 103 133, 207 13, 492 20. 2ss 101, 100 24, 053 5,901 161,427 7,742 2,336 17, 247 12, 255 6,557 184, 393 Per- cent (3) 0.2 .2 .3 (') .3 7.4 . 1 (') (') .2 .1 Airports and other transporta- tion Amount (4) 45, 339 6, ssii, t 46, 032 419,129 91, 455 243, 781 1, 324, 529 837, 366 873, 297 lis, 777 59, 173 82,283 3,121 10, 465 I 'J'.i, s(>7 328, 155 617, 462 ,916, 170 iss, 325 229, 546 242, 032 103. 635 195, 550 45, 743 1, 046, 130 11,214 2, 429, 465 2, 147, 434 405, 862 10,916 1, Mil. v.i7 87, 017 261, 484 1, 577, 600 39, 154 270, 904 91,138 1,022.740 14, 570 267, 295 30, 536 81,186 260, 893 259, 195 145, 303 46, 539 Per- cent (5) .3 9.4 .4 5. 5 9.9 3.6 1. 1 1.0 .7 .6 0) .1 6.9 4. 1 1.2 4.4 2. 2 3. 2 1.0 2.5 3.5 1.6 2.9 . 2 2. 1 3.0 4.5 .3 1.9 .4 3.3 1.4 .5 2.8 2. 2 7.7 0) 3.7 1.4 1.0 1. 5 1.6 .5 1.6 Educational, pro- fessional, and clerical Amount (6) $84, 829, 306 496, 837 244, 045 414,818 7. IISH, f,90 724, 882 951,577 59, 978 150, 963 699, 306 745, 414 98, 452 4, 971,538 !i.->:,, i«7 337, 684 475, 238 741,977 715, 526 153, 518 .'lis. 064 3, 835, 452 2, 903, 622 1, 458, 905 623, 294 570,414 100, 773 298, 175 52, 060 171, 290 2, 375, 040 119, 764 26, 381, 268 3, 493, 050 291,994 319, 037 3, 628, 256 611,592 820, 071 7, 636, 763 639, 213 802, 635 402, 510 677, 618 1, 089, 726 890, 049 135, 037 584, 954 965, 435 323, 270 2,221,380 171, 209 Per- cent (7) 7.2 3.5 4.9 2.9 9. 7 5.9 8.4 5.8 3. 4 5.2 3.2 2.0 6.2 2. 1 4.3 8.3 3.3 8.4 5. 3 2.7 7.8 2.3 2.4 5.3 4. 2 6.0 6.6 2.2 22.5 4.9 3.2 9.3 3.7 2. 7 10.5 6.7 8. 1 8.2 5. 1 3.0 12.3 6.2 7. 1 5.8 1.9 7.3 5.8 $77, 256,241 Sewing and other goods projects Amount (8) Per- cent (9) Sanitation and health Amount (10) ,831,552 1, 336, 543 263, 653 1,279, 914 851, 062 140, 847 27, 977 232, 062 25, 348 79, 601 1, 624, 859 247, 334 2, 279, 023 2, 739, 325 20, 162 720, 599 2, 002, 597 127, 328 74, 046 464,681 1,500 176, 678 286, 112 928,015 248, 678 25, 025 10, 185 646, 505 466, 345 3, 553, 300 580, 492 804, 598 176, 504 3, 366,912 3, 152, 389 174,616 1, 465, 253 493, 487 1, 332, 449 36, 393 1, 144, 508 2,941, 189 799, 499 882, 942 143, 538 1, 357, 071 26, 232 74, 176 Per- cent (11) 3.4 9.4 5.3 8.9 1.2 1.2 .2 22.3 .6 .6 7.0 5.0 2.9 6.2 .3 4.9 8.9 1.5 1.0 .9 0) .8 4.0 3.7 5.9 .4 ..... 1.8 8.4 3.0 5. 1 3.4 13.9 2. 2 1.3 6. 2 13.6 .9 8.6 8.0 11. 1 10.6 .9 8.1 . 1 2.5 Miscellaneous Amount (12) $43, 903, 258 417, 584 448, 633 526, 762 2, 007, 576 353, 182 254, 195 67, 655 677, 534 779, 466 608, 967 159, 592 2, 222, 861 1, 200, 205 334, 966 243, 970 866, 129 1, 600, 492 50, 666 58, 707 3, 265, 038 1, 668, 984 411,745 616,031 1,718,003 190, 986 148, 347 347, 654 169, 526 2, 130, 383 154, 281 746,840 4, 642, 445 635, 548 106, 179 1, 616, 299 835, 621 381, 981 4, 335, 523 184, 921 1, S24, Stitl 252, 511 835,929 805, 898 383, 475 10, 538 895, 511 955, 333 251, 537 394, 660 107, 820 1 Less than 0.05 percent. 100 WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Table 14. — Value of Projects Approved for W. P. A. by Types and by States January 15, 1930 Line DO. l State (1) Grand total Highways, roads, and streets Public buildings Parks and play- grounds Flood control and other conservation Public utilities Line no. Amount (2) Per- cent (3) Amount (4) Per- cent C51 Amount Per- cent 17) Amount Per- cent (9) Amount MO^ per- cent Amount 1 er- cent Ml"! \LoJ Total $4, 579, 358, 858 100 $1,810, 118, 848 39. 5 $487, 146, 993 10. 6 $399,211,378 8.7 $293, 807, 134 6. 4 $482, 443, 701 10.5 1 2 Alabama 51, 308, 789 100 17, 993, 876 35. 1 9, 240, 760 18.0 2, 223, 535 4 o 1,367, 142 2.7 3, 722, 006 7.3 2 3 Arizona 14, 623, 695 Inn 4, 898, 907 33. 5 3, 434, 776 23. 5 1, 772, 551 12 1 1, 463, 428 10. 143, 117 1.0 3 t Arkansas 45, 560, 829 Inn 28, 739, 638 63. 1 3, 794, 961 8. 3 2, 112, 109 4 6 2, 665, 734 5.9 1, 020, 096 2. 2 5 California 221, 902, 939 100 39, 850, 51,5 17. 9 22, 351, 759 10. 1 19, 759, 498 8 9 11,702, 250 5. 3 68, 249, 461 30.8 5 6 Colorado 36, 259, 051 100 12, 337, 981 34. 4, 209, 946 11.6 1, 703, 040 4. 7 7, 817, 570 21.6 1, 738,465 4.8 6 7 ' "onnect Miii 47, 265, 832 loo 18, 398, 625 38.9 3, 003, 392 6.3 2, 899, 774 6. 1 1, 633, 265 3.5 7,028, 322 14.9 7 8 i >f li i ware 3, 616, 936 Inn 1, 125, 928 31. 1 233, 282 6. 4 235, 995 6, 5 382, 725 10. 6 534, 420 14. 8 g g Districtof Colunihia 10, 26 1 . 219 Inn 9911, 9. 7 1, 733, 901 16. 9 2, 132, 405 20 8 60, 372 0. 6 888, 91(1 8. 7 9 10 Florida 47,001, 191 100 17, 920, 947 38. 1 8, 879,916 18. 9 2, 409, 120 5. 1 949, 200 2. 3,661,669 7. 8 10 1 1 Georgia ... 59, 639, 865 100 20, 688, 173 34. 7 10, 359, 764 17. 4 2, 515, 172 4 2 800, 846 1. 3 8, 242, 886 13. 8 11 12 Idaho 21, 048, 526 100 7, 923, 960 37.6 1, 194, 154 5.7 779, 267 3 . 7, 714, 890 36.7 561,686 2.6 12 13 Illinois :tl)0, !n 1 1. 99* Inn 96, 426, 1 77 32. 26, 779, 571 9. 40, 678, 653 13 5 11,233,866 3. 7 62, 565, 132 20. 8 13 1 1 1 n< J ian.'i 128, 299, 171 Inn 58, 228, 51 1 45. 4 12, 789, 916 9. 9 11, 867, 199 9 2 11,240, 846 8.8 9, 290, 183 7. 2 14 IS Iowa 62, 682, 057 |lll) 27, 802, 587 44. 4 5, 503, 333 8. 6 5, 882, 852 9. 4 2, 736, 032 4. 4 5, 934, 644 9. 5 15 ID Kansas 80, 335, 536 Kill 33, 451, 687 41. 6 5, 107, 453 6. 4 4, 916, 142 6. 1 4, 611, 121 5.8 21,384, 266 2fi. 6 16 17 Kentucky 100, 325, 966 Hill 60, 510, 240 60.3 15, 796, 696 15.7 2,290,311 2. 3 1,118, 481 1. 1 5, 976, 828 6.0 17 1 8 Louisiana 61, 905, (163 Hill 20, 923, 448 33. 8 8, 138, 206 13. 1 18, 279, 187 29. 6 3,031, 302 4. 9 3, 786, 847 6. 1 18 19 \ 1 nine 123, 902, 717 Kill 35, 275, 410 28. 5 5. 551, 827 4. 5 15, 360, 054 12. 3 155, 259 . 1 33, 833, 041 27. 3 19 20 Maryland _ __ 32, 886, 260 Kill 11.698, 841 35. 6 4,419,028 13. 4 2, 040, 521 6. 2 556, 074 1. 7 6, 389, 952 19.4 20 21 Massachusetts 177, 468, 037 Inn 77, 684, 979 43.8 9, 834, 649 5. 5 8, 655, 805 4 9 4, 666, 892 2. 6 18, 553, 972 10. 5 21 22 M iehipan 137,945,019 100 65, 065, 652 47.2 13, 797, 122 10.0 7, 786, 100 5. 6 8, 049, 133 5.8 16, 573, 852 12.0 22 23 M innesota 103, 788, 718 Kill 48, 132, 323 46. 3 11, 528, 297 11. 2 11, 187, 406 in 11. nil. 'in i 14. 1 3, 473, 487 3.4 23 ■.'1 Mississippi 59, 834, 325 100 24, 811,530 41. 5 14, 071, 578 23. 5 1,393, 605 2. 3 3, 168, 262 5.3 1,496,729 2. 5 24 25 Missouri. . 96, 590, 323 Kill 37,901,903 39. 2 17,090, 798 17. 7 6,312,818 6. 5 7, 427, 329 7.7 12,450,920 12. 9 25 211 Montana 2H, 3110, 825 L00 11,088, 850 42. 1 4, 362, 044 16. 6 1, 662, 947 6. 3 2, 414, 182 9. 2 1, 007, 336 3.8 26 27 N"c t >raska 34, 927, 463 100 16,483, 129 47. 2 3, 229, 088 9.2 1,884,013 5. 4 1, 348, 539 3.9 4, 922, 697 14. 1 27 28 \ t ■ \ 'I'll 2,931,925 100 752, 619 25. 7 615, 408 21. 337, 154 11 5 102, 676 3.5 47, 447 1.6 28 29 New Hampshire 17, 284, 970 100 5,265, 751 30. 6 855, 192 4. 9 2, 476, 880 1 1 921. 806 5.3 2, 231, 746 12. 9 29 30 New Jersey... 125, 730, 178 100 43, 461,569 34. 6 11,898,757 9. 5 21, 767, 756 17. 3 2,915,410 2. 3 10, 102, 738 8.0 30 31 New Mexico 20, 624, 182 Inn 11,428,441 55. 4 3,420, 114 16. 6 820,061 4 ii 1, 423, 873 6.9 546, 385 2. 6 31 32 New York City 354, 142..254 100 69,864,300 .19.8 64, 670. 220 18.3 91, 225, 106 25. 7 2,785, 493 .8 25,938r382 7.3 32 33 New York (Excl. N. Y. C.)_. 470, 805, 028 100 277, 221, 100 58.9 18, 800, 909 4.0 19, 283, 727 4. 1 22, 842, 925 4.9 45, 058, 886 9.6 33 :i l North Carolina 61, 225, 628 100 19,316,337 31. 6 8, 942, 283 14. 6 2, 219, 313 3. 6 2, 704, 444 4.4 2, 535, 121 4. 1 34 :ir, North Dakota. _ _ 21, 276, 277 100 12,598, 924 59. 2 1, 782, 320 8. 4 1,768,271 3 457, 989 2. 2 472, 340 2.2 35 :tc, Ohio- _ _ 277, 800, 266 100 153, 731,243 55. 3 23, 953, 089 8. 7 18, 278, 553 6. 12,864,012 4.6 27, 568, 702 9.9 36 37 i iKlaliiiiiri 125,508,918 100 44, 525, 472 35.5 21, 238, 995 16.9 9, 709, 877 7. 7 14, 758, 939 11.8 8, 917, 694 7.1 37 38 Oregon 25, 344, 222 100 12, 404, 359 49.0 4, 156, 162 16.4 1, 083, 520 4. 3 2, 104. 486 8.3 72.8, MI2 2.9 38 39 OIQ ftSJO OOO •ijo, ooy, t\}£. 100 lie OQ7 rtl 7 1 10, tot , Ul t 53.9 14,449, 779 6. 8 9, 431, 971 4. 1 Q 1 o. 1 11 All Q1 Q 1 1, 44o, olo 5. 4 39 in Rhode Island 34, 309, 059 100 15,828, 571 46. 1 2, 255, 376 6.6 2, 489, 493 3 723, 995 2. 1 2, 450, 208 7.1 40 (1 South Carolina. 28, 963, 539 100 6, 572, 662 22.7 5, 854, 273 20.2 1, 194, 779 4 1 2,078,019 7.2 736, 948 2.5 41 12 South Dakota.. 15, 178, 174 100 7, 478, 093 49.3 1, 835, 431 12. 1 532, 231 3. ' 912,226 6.0 487, 119 3.2 42 43 Tennessee- . 49, 606, 725 100 22, 464, 669 45.3 6, 874, 498 13.9 1, 168, 129 2. t 609, 157 1.2 1,092,608 2.2 43 11 Texas Hill, 1(13. 8112 100 68, 889, 382 41.5 15, 184, 340 9. 1 6, 688, 525 4. n 36, 042, 995 21.7 7, 973, 605 4.8 44 45 Utah 14, 884, 257 100 2,671,302 17.9 1, 689, 877 11.4 561, 928 3. - 1,442, 446 9.7 3, 621, 257 24.3 45 46 Vermont 9, 926, 246 100 5, 084, 763 51.2 1, 206, 427 12.1 409, 360 4. 1 55,604 .6 1, 297, 832 13. 1 46 47 Virginia 48, 157, 339 100 14, 928, 247 31.0 12, 314, 536 25.5 1, 677, 108 3 5 734, 245 1.5 3, 254, 809 6.8 47 48 Washington. 47, 287, 272 100 13, 325, 332 28.2 4, 689, 205 9.9 4, 105, 719 8. 7 8, 482, 838 17.9 3, 645, 518 7.7 48 49 West Virginia 110, 628, 344 100 64, 236, 847 58.1 22,775, 871 20.6 1,538,555 1. 4 1, 576, 876 1.4 4, 193, 439 3.8 49 50 Wisconsin 103, 239,310 100 24, 714, 904 23.9 10, 760, 762 in \ 21, 388, 100 20. 7 14, 359, 450 13.9 14, 040, 140 13.6 50 51 Wyoming 5, 434,616 100 1, 656, 681 30. 5 1X6,952 9.0 315, 183 5. 545, 497 10.0 627, 708 11.6 51 52 Nation-wide . . 142,631,715 100 42, 885, 959 30.1 52 1 (Concluded on page 101) REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM 101 Table 14. — Value of Projects Approved for W. P. A. by Types and by States — Concluded January 15, 1936 Line No. State (1) Total. Alabama. . Arizona. .. Arkansas. . California- Colorado.. Connecticut.. Delaware District of Columbia. Florida Georgia Idaho ... Illinois.. Indiana . Iowa Kansas.. Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan. _ Minnesota. Mississippi- Missouri... Montana... Nebraska. Nevada. New Hampshire- New Jersey New Mexico New York City New York (Excl. N. Y. C). North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania-. Rhode Island . - South Carolina. South Dakota.. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont. Virginia Washington. ._ West Virginia- Wisconsin Wyoming Nation-wide, Airports and other transportation Educational, profes- sional, and clerical Sewing and other goods Sanitation and health Miscellaneous No 6 Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) $152, 706, 428 3.3 $441,927,618 9.7 $295, 553, 404 6.5 $124, 144, 184 2.7 $92, 299, 170 2.1 1 4, 4.54, 249 175, 740 309, 463 10, 696, 955 1, 370, 821 8.7 1.2 .7 4.8 3.8 2, 908, 800 997, 700 2, 569, 568 19, 503, 475 3, 294, 620 5.6 6.8 5.6 8.8 9.1 6, 007, 995 907, 027 2,860, 168 27, 239, 444 2, 075, 137 11. 7 6.2 6.3 12.3 5.7 2, 955, 252 343, 584 1, 117, 117 553, 319 615,422 5.8 2.3 2.5 .2 1.7 435, 174 486, 865 371,975 1,996,213 1, 096, 049 .8 3.4 .8 .9 3.0 2 3 4 5 6 3, 107, 201 120, 380 208, 656 2,361, 144 936,031 6.6 3.3 2.0 5.0 1.6 2, 401,438 186, 916 1.431, 130 3, 350, 448 4, 197, 304 5. 1 5.2 14.0 7. 1 7.0 4, 296, 964 724, 953 1, 982, 487 4, 385, 383 7, 592, 790 9. 1 20. 1 19.3 9.4 12.7 2, 459, 454 55, 734 2, 191, 795 3, 697, 155 5. 2 1.5 4.7 6.2 2, 037, 397 16, 603 826, 932 891, 569 609, 744 4. 3 .5 8.0 1.9 1.2 7 8 9 10 11 249, 729 3, 021, 174 2, 876, 091 909, 400 1.2 1.0 4 6 4^6 1.1 797, 446 32, 828, 844 1 OQK Q9Q 4, 424, 545 2, 674, 758 3.8 10.9 4. 9 7!l 3.3 933, 462 11, 391, 187 8 988 601 0, 400, >j\/ 1 5, 149, 801 5, 842, 396 4.4 3.8 6. 5 8^2 7.3 548, 837 4, 223, 979 9 960 8Q*} 534, 272 617, 955 2. 6 1.4 1 8 !9 .8 345, 095 11.756, 415 9 109 1fi7 1, 837, 900 820, 358 1. 7 3.9 1. 7 2^9 1.0 12 13 14 15 16 331, 092 82, 515 892, 280 1, 924, 055 6, 364, 097 .3 . 1 5! 9 3.6 4, 983, 484 4, 058, 468 1, 415, 856 2, 563, 206 14, 097, 136 5.0 6.6 1. 1 7.8 7.9 3, 373, 699 2, 280, 277 3, 331,019 2, 646, 254 20, 304, 328 3. 4 3.7 2. 7 8.0 11.4 4, 721, 032 882, 119 27, 837, 189 364, 954 1, 876, 663 4. 7 1.4 22. 5 1. 1 1. 1 1, 224, 103 442, 694 250, 782 283, 375 15, 429, 516 1. 2 .7 .3 .9 8.7 17 18 19 20 21 3, 854, 896 2, 191, 985 1, 689, 730 1, 330, 807 423, 513 2. 8 2. 1 2.8 1.4 1.6 15, 724, 120 7, 107, 639 4, 702, 722 4, 118, 210 2, 760, 079 11. 4 6.8 7.9 4.2 10.5 4, 376, 100 4, 237, 824 4, 152, 617 5, 215, 321 1, 860, 844 3. 2 4. 1 6.9 5.4 7.1 720, 669 360, 153 3, 408, 236 2, 403, 391 487, 078 . 5 .3 5.7 2.5 1.9 1, 997, 375 927, 674 939, 316 2, 338, 826 233, 952 1. 5 .9 1.6 2.5 .9 22 23 24 25 26 1, 626, 710 383,050 4.7 13. 1 2, 988, 673 304, 577 8.5 10.3 1, 686, 308 348, 941 4. 8 11.9 302, 580 .9 455, 726 40, 053 1.3 1.4 27 28 211,479 12, 442, 864 54, 052 1.2 9.9 .3 1, 132, 658 12, 459, 362 810, 287 6.6 9.9 3.9 3, 574, 61 1 7,566,815 969, 572 20.7 6.0 4.7 410, 665 1, 266, 849 967, 325 2.4 1.0 4.7 204, 182 1, 848, 058 184, 072 1. 1 1.5 .9 29 30 31 20, 629, 613 16, 027, 812 2, 554, 015 78, 526 4, 830, 495 5.8 3.4 4.2 .4 1.7 60, 033, 385 16, 168, 548 8,681,717 2, 257, 405 18, 935, 102 16.9 3.4 14.2 10.6 6.8 12, 329, 064 33,382 051 8, 920, 740 1, 116, 847 8, 985, 569 3.5 7. 1 14.6 5.2 3.2 4, 506, 600 3, 445, 336 3, 793, 475 266, 444 2, 432, 947 1.3 .7 6.2 1.3 .9 2, 060, 091 18, 573, 734 1, 558, 183 477,211 6, 220, 554 .6 3.9 2.5 2.2 2.3 32 33 34 35 36 1, 696, 640 9 OIQ 95^ 16, 083, 599 1, 035, 395 1,311,671 1. 3 8 7^5 3.0 4.5 3, 033, 126 1, 152, 637 18,261,217 1, 189, 732 3, 136, 148 2.4 4.5 8.5 3.5 10.8 10, 017, 163 1 074 ^4 19, 269, 005 6, 054, 570 3, 169, 434 8.0 4 2 9!o 17.6 11.0 9, 701, 493 481 153 1, 291^716 1, 402, 452 4, 162, 884 7.7 1 9 !6 4. 1 14.4 1,909, 519 ion w loy, out 1,702,481 879, 267 746, 721 1. 6 g !8 2.6 2.6 37 38 39 40 41 258, 305 2, 250, 972 1, 922, 223 334, 156 336, 368 847, 078 4, 584, 690 3, 806, 895 1,327,911 225, 124 1.7 4.5 1.1 2.2 3.4 956, 025 4, 033, 309 7, 580, 712 2, 731, 048 417, 053 5, 659, 609 4, 121, 840 4, 889, 058 11,244, 107 621, 286 6.3 8.1 4.5 18.3 4.2 2, 229, 031 5, 624, 768 10, 927, 327 856, 518 862, 824 2, 919, 446 3,761,071 5, 043, 872 2, 823, 513 583, 722 14.7 11.3 6.6 5.8 8.7 58,828 5, 078,812 10, 270,311 893,417 .4 10.2 6.2 6.0 430, 885 409,803 684, 442 82, 308 256, 015 461, 154 274, 154 819, 740 2,032,021 151,423 2.8 .9 .5 .6 2.6 42 43 44 45 46 1.8 9.7 3.4 1.3 4. 1 11.8 8.7 4.4 10.9 11.4 6. 1 8.0 4.5 2.7 10.7 5, 361, 107 296, 905 1, 747, 191 548, 402 221, 040 11. 1 .6 1.6 .6 4. 1 .9 .6 .8 2.0 2.8 47 48 49 50 51 99, 745, 756 69.9 52 INDEX Advisory Committee on Allotments, pp. 2, 72. Agencies participating in Works Program (see also individual agencies), p. 2. Agricultural Engineering, Bureau of, p. 51. Agriculture, Department of, pp. 51-57. Agricultural Engineering, Bureau of, p. 51. Animal Industry, Bureau of, p. 51. Biological Survey, p. 51. Chemistry and Soils, Bureau of, p. 53. Dairy Industry, Bureau of, p. 53. Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Bureau of, p. 53. Map showing location of projects, p. 52. Extension Service, p. 53. Forest Service, p. 55. Map showing location of projects, p. 54. Plant Industry, Bureau of, p. 55. Public Roads, Bureau of, pp. 49-50. Soil Conservation Service, p. 55. Map showing location of projects, p. 56. Weather Bureau, p. 57. Airports, pp. 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 40. Alabama (see also States) pp. 11, 42, 51, 64, 79. Alaska (see also Territories) pp. 43, 44, 57, 58. Alaska Road Commission, p. 58. Alley Dwelling Authority, p. 66. Allocations, pp. 2, 3, 13, 14, 15, 82. By Agencies. (See individual agencies.) Charts on. (See Charts.) Definition, p. 84. Tabulations (see also Tables in text) : By act limitations, p. 95. By agencies, pp. 90 91. By agencies conducting work projects, excluding W. P. A. and E. C. W., p. 92. By appropriation limitations and by agencies, pp. 93, 94. By States, p. 96. Animal Industry, Bureau of, p. 51. Arizona (see also States) pp. 11, 62. Arkansas (see also States) pp. 11, 30. Art program, pp. 33, 34. Assignment. (See Procedures, employment.) Biological Survey, p. 51. Bituminous Coal Commission, p. 58. Buildings, public. (See Public buildings.) California (see also States) pp. 11, 13, 20, 30, 31, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 79, 81. Census, Bureau of, p. 57. Certification. (. Map showing location of projects, p. 59. 10(5 I \ MX Quartermaster Corps, pp. 64, 66. Reclamation, Bureau of, p. 60. Map showing location of projects, p. 61. Recoverable funds, pp. 20. Recreational projects. (See Park and playground projects.) Relief, pp. 1, (i, 7, 9. Relief Labor (See also Employment) . Occupations of, pp. 4, 20-23. Procedures for employment of, p. 78. Resettlement Administ ration, pp. 45-47. Allocations (see also Allocations), p. 47. Creation of, pp. 45, 72. Employment, p. 47. Exemptions, p. 47. Functions of, p. 45. Funds available for rural rehabilitation, p. 45. Land utilization program, p. 45. Loans, regulations governing, p. 76. Map showing local ion of projects, p. 46. Rural rehabilitation program, p. 45. Subsistence Homesteads Division, p. 45. Suburban Resettlement Division, p. 45. Rhode Island (see also States), p. 13. Rural Electrification Administration, pp. 66, 73, 76. St. Elizabeths Hospital, p. 62. Sanitation and health projects, pp. 26, 27, 28. School buildings. (See Public buildings.) Secretary's office (Treasury), p. 63. Security wage scale, exemptions from, pp. 5, 40, 58, 62. Sewer projects. (See Public utilities projects.) Sewing projects. (See Goods projects.) Slum clearance. (See Housing.) Soil Conservation Service, pp. 55-57. Map showing location of projects, p. 55. South Carolina (see also States), pp. 42, 63. South Dakota (see also States), pp. 30, 62. Sponsors' contributions, pp. 13, 17, 19, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 39. Standards, Bureau of, p. 58. States (see also Maps showing location of projects), pp. 10, 36, 50, 85-89, 96-101. Street and highway projects. (See Highway, street, and road projects.) Tables in text: Allocations, pp. 15, 82. Allotments for P. W. A. projects, pp. 40, 42. Coordinating Committee action on local projects, pp. 36, 37. Employable persons on relief by occupations, pp. 21, 22. Employment, pp. 1, 11, 44, 81. Expenditures, p. 16. Hours worked and earnings, p. 33. Projects approved by the President, pp. 26, 28. Projects prosecuted under Works Program, value of, p. 18. Projects selected for operation, pp. 27, 28. Purchases and contributions of materials, etc., p. 32. Status of projects, pp. 50, 62. Types of non-Federal P. W. A. projects receiving grants from E. R. A. funds, p. 41. Tennessee (see also States), pp. 30, 31, 42, 53, 67, 81. Territories, pp. 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 96, 97. Texas (see also States), pp. 11, 13, 30, 42, 51, 53, 57, 62, 81. Theatre program, p. 33. Treasury Department, pp. 63, 72. Coast Guard, p. 63. Internal Revenue, Bureau of, p. 63. Treasury Department — Continued. Procurement Division, p. 63. Public Health Service, Bureau of, p. 63. Secretary's office, p. 63. United States Employment Service: Administrative function of, under Works program, pp. 2, 5, 75, 78. Projects operated by, p. 62. Utah (see also States), pp. 51, 62. Utilities. (See Public-utilities projects.) Vermont (see also States), p. 30. Veterans' Administration, p. 67. Virgin Islands (see also Territories), pp. 41, 42, 43, 44, 62, 73, 81, 82. Virgin Islands, temporary government of, pp. 62, 73. Virginia (see also States), pp. 41, 53, 63. Wages: Basic provisions specified in E. R. A. Act, p. 71. Exemptions from security-wage scale, p. 5, 40, 58, 62. Monthly earnings schedule (security-wage scale) of, p. 74. P. W. A. non-Federal projects, p. 40. War Department, pp. 64-66. Corps of Engineers, p. 64. Map showing location of projects of, p. 65. Quartermaster Corps, p. 64. Washington, D. C. (See District of Columbia.) Washington, State of (see also States), pp. 11, 20, 51, 57, 60, 62, 81. Water-supply systems. (.See Public-utilities projects.) Weather Bureau, p. 57. West Virginia (see also States), pp. 30, 64. White-collar projects (see also Educational, professional, and clerical projects): Approval procedure, p. 78. White-collar workers: Comment, p. 33. Occupational classification, pp. 20-23. Percentage of total employable persons; chart, p. 4. Wisconsin (see also States), pp. 42, 79. Women : Employable persons, p. 4. Occupational characteristics of, pp. 21, 22, 23. Projects providing employment for, p. 18, 20. Works Progress Administration, pp. 25-37. Airport projects, pp. 26, 27, 30-31, 32. Allocations to (see also Allocations), p. 25. Art program, pp. 33, 34. Creation of, pp. 25, 72. Earnings and hours worked on projects of, p. 33. Employment under (see also Employment), pp. 1, 2, 6, 10-15, 25, 81, 84, 85. Expenditures for. (See Expenditures.) Farm-to-market roads, pp. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. Functions of, p. 25. Materials, supplies, and equipment for projects of, pp. 31, 32. Music program, pp. 33, 34. National Youth Administration. (See National Youth Administration.) Projects approved for, pp. 25, 26. Projects selected for operation under, pp. 26, 27. Projects, types of (see also Projects), pp. 25-31. Theater program, pp. 33, 34. Writers' program, pp. 33, 34. Wyoming (see also States), p. 62. Yards and Docks, Bureau of, p. 63. o