CUi'U ^ s '^ XJi fwd' 
 k 7 fyuju-tcvi. ; * 
 
 Ll ^ Qu+hl v! Of[h?ijcJ- 
 
I A 
 
 JUST and MODEST 
 
 VINDICATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 £>c0t£ Deftgtv 
 
 For the having Eftablifhed a 
 
 Colony at Darien. 
 
 WITH 
 
 A Brief Difpky, how much it is 
 
 their Intereji , to apply themfelves 
 to Trade , and particularly to that 
 which is Foreign. 
 
 Sanctiora pmt Putrid Jura, quam Hofpitii) 
 Corn. Nep. in vit. Timoth. Nemo Patrium 
 amat quia Magna ejt y fed quia Sua. Senec. 
 
 Epijl.66. 
 
 Printed in the Year, 1 
 
TO THE 
 
 READER. 
 
 T HciC being no Dedication of this Bif- 
 coitrfe ; a Preface is therefore not only 
 the more allowable, but neceffary. For 
 how vain, as well as impertinent foever^ 
 they are defervedly accounted , who think cither to 
 recommend , or to cover , an unfeafonable , ufelcfs 
 and trifling Book, from Cenfare, Contempt and Ridi¬ 
 cule. , by their Emitting it under the upped Pa* 
 
 tronage of a great Name ; yet it is to Treat 
 thofe , into whofe Hands Authors are ambitious to 
 have their Papers to fall , and of whofe good Opi¬ 
 nion they are covetous , with Rndcnefs , as well as 
 with want of RefpeT , not to afford them thofe pre¬ 
 vious Advent foments , and vouchfafe them the 
 Lights which may let them decently in to what they 
 are invited to Pcritfe, and firve both to obviate 
 Mifapprehenfons of the Writer , and to prevent 
 Groundlefs and Satyrical Rrpttions upon his Per¬ 
 formance. 
 
 And the endeavouring of the one and the other 
 of thefe, is the more indifpenfably needful in the 
 prefent cafe\ in that (if credit may be given to 
 vulgar Reports) there are fome advanc'd toEmi- 
 A 2 nent 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 pent Pofis , and cloath’d with lofty Char afters. J 
 who from Politicks peculiar to themfelves, have 
 declar'd their Opinions, and oracularly given forth 
 their Dccifions, concerning the Qjieftion hereafter 
 debated, as if they were Partizans of the King 
 of Spain, rather than State-Councellors and Ci¬ 
 vil Minilters of His Britannick Majefty. For 
 hefides their having in their private Converfations 
 not only qnefiion’d, hut afperfed the Legality and 
 JitjHce of the; late Undertaking of the Scots at Da¬ 
 rien ; they are by their Friends , as well as by their 
 Enemies , reprefen ted to have given both Encourage¬ 
 ment unto , and to have beflowed liberal Rewards 
 : upon , the unmannerly , little and defpicable Writer 
 of the Defence of the Scuts Abdicating Darien. 
 In which fcnnilous Pamphlet, there are not only 
 thofe vmlkrable Inveftives againfi the whole King¬ 
 dom of Scotland, as mil as againfi the Directors 
 
 of their Indian ^African Company,^* are more 
 cakdatcet to exafperate that Nation , and to run them 
 into difioyahy , than any ways adapted to allay their 
 Rcfentmems , and to quench their intemperate Heats 
 under that misfortune y but there are likewife fitch 
 i>joLne ajfirrtions, and thofe bottom’d upon Brutal 
 ' Ignorance , in relation to the Legitimacy of the De- 
 fign to have Set led upon the Ifthmus of America, 
 that no Spaniard wan’d have had cither the effron¬ 
 tery, or the ill breeding to have utter’d them. 
 
 For , as if it were not enough for the Mercinary 
 Scribler , to affume the impudence of affirming , that 
 the Motives upon which the Proclamations were 
 emitted in the Englifh Weft-India ColoHes, for¬ 
 bidding the Supplying, Relieving, and Affift- 
 ing the Scots at Dane a, or in any parts of Ame- 
 vie*; where thev fhauld Settle, wasbecaufe the 
 
 '■ ■ Go- 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 Government of England would not be accef- 
 fary to an Aft, which the World might judge 
 to be Felonious, p. 4. of his Epif. Dedicat, 
 he takes the boldnefs to add afterwards in Terms 
 that are mop flanderous, as well as defamatory , 
 p. 7. of the fame Epiftle, that their attempt of 
 Planting on the Ifthmns, was the Setling a Co¬ 
 lony in another Man’s Dominions, unlefs by 
 vertue of their Presbyterian Tenet of Domini¬ 
 ons being founded in Grace, the Scots , who 
 are the preemptive Eleft, pretend a Divine 
 Right to the Goods of the Wicked, and fo 
 take upon them to cloath the Councellors of 
 their Colony, with fuch another Commiffion, 
 as God gave the Hebrews when they departed 
 out of Egypt. Winch Language tho ’ agreeable to 
 the Education , Manners , 1 olhtcks , and Inferior 
 Stationsof Harris and D— 1 to have been the one 
 the Belcher, and the other the Vmcher of \ yet it 
 cannot mifs being efeemed extremely odd and in¬ 
 congruous, that a Fcrfon , who is not only a Scbol- 
 lar, a Gentleman, but a Mintptr of State, pould 
 be reputed to have both authorised the reproachful 
 Falpood , and to have paid liberaly for the inver¬ 
 ting and divulging of it. 
 
 But the forwardnefs expreffd by one in an Ho¬ 
 nourable Office (and as is commonly faid with Ra¬ 
 ptures of Joy) in the fpeedy Communication to the 
 Spanilb AmbafTadcr, that the Scots had aban¬ 
 doned Darien, would feem not only to inf mate 
 his being poffiefs^d with a greater Picque again(l the 
 Kingdom of Scotland ( omitting at prefent all 
 tbofc further Inftar.ces that give evidence of it, 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 The Defence of the Scots Settlement at Da¬ 
 rien Anfwer’d, which are Publifii'd tinder the 
 Safeguard of his Countenance , as well as Fented 
 and Sold with his Connivance) than is reconcilea- 
 bk with the Duty of one in his Poll under a 
 Prince , who is no Ufs King and Severaign of that 
 Nation, than he is of England ; but it doth alfo 
 intimate a warmer concern for the Interefi of the 
 Catholich King , and for the having his defires, and 
 the wipes of his Sttbjetts complied with and grati¬ 
 fied, than was either prudential for an Englilh Se¬ 
 cretary of State , or correfpondent to the Zeal 
 which a Per fen in his Station ought to have had 
 for the Snccefs and Profperity of all and of every 
 one of his Mafters People in their Undertakings, 
 to have rendred himfelf obnoxious to the being 
 charged with. Not to add how little and mean it 
 was in it felf , and what mrfion from , and difi 
 fifeclion it proclaimed againfi the Scots, to have af- 
 ioiled the Plcctfure and coveted the Glory of being- 
 the firfi Author and Conveyer of that News to the 
 forementioned Amballador. Especially when tranf- 
 rmtted to himfelf upon no furer Intelligence , than 
 that fich a Report being arrived at Jamaica, the 
 Tydings thereof were difpatcFd hither by one 
 who might be fitfpeHed the more credulous in believ¬ 
 ing tt ; becaufe it was that which out of Enmity to 
 the Caledonian Colony he earneflly longed for and 
 dcfired. 
 
 Nor is it without a Pointed (tbo' 1 but tacit) Re- 
 fidlion i,pat a certain Gentleman’s Conduct in this 
 Matter, that the Writer of the Paris Ga'zetre of 
 Nov. 14. hath inferted in the Paragraph from Ma¬ 
 drid of October 22. That il arriva ici le 14 
 - n Courier extraordinaire dcs ptfche de Lon- 
 dres 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 dres par le Marquis de Canales AmbalTadeur 
 d’Efpagne en Angleterre avec s’avis de l’aban- 
 donement de le Colonie de Darien, qui avoit 
 elte receu par un des Secretaires d’Eftat &: 
 Communique a cet AmbalTadeur, There had 
 on the 14th an extraordinary Courier come 
 thither ftom the Marquis of Canales the Spa- 
 nifh Ambaflador in England t wih News of the 
 abandoning the Colony at Darien , which one 
 of the Secretaries of State having received, 
 had Communicated to the faid Ambaflador. 
 
 But time having been a Miff age delivered fince 
 by the fame Englilh Minifter to the faid Foreign 
 Ambaflador, which how raviflnng foever it might 
 be unto the tot mcr to Convey , could not be very 
 joyous and delightful to the latter to Receive \ Ijball 
 only obfcrvein relation to the diverftty of the Mat- 
 
 nr, and the dijfmnt rdijh ktmtti the faid Mef- 
 
 fag cand the foregoing Intelligence, that there is 
 fomctimes a vaft dijfirmlitude , betwixt what one may 
 find himjelf obliged to perform in obedience to the 
 Order and Injunttion of a Mailer, who is no lefs 
 wife in what he Commands , than Authoratative and 
 Vncontrd.i'de in the having it Executed • and what 
 the fame Fcrfon may run himfelf into the indifirctm 
 of Doing when not din bled by a greater Prudence 
 than his own, nor over-r tiled by a Superior Ant ho- 
 rity. 
 
 IVbich I dot.de the liberty the rather to fuegejr, 
 in that it is too often the misfortune of Princes, to 
 have even thofe AElions of their Minifters, of which 
 they were not previoufly in the leap confeions , and 
 much left had enjoyntd , to be interpreted as if done 
 either in obedience to their pofitive Command andfpe- 
 cial Dkctihn , or in order to humour thtir Inclina¬ 
 tion; 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 thus And to comfy with their Sentiments. There being 
 but few Men in the World who render the fujlice 
 And fay that Deference to Kings, as to difiinguiffi 
 •with that impartiality and exaiinefs which they ought, 
 between what Perfons raifed to Emenent Pojls in the 
 Admimflration, are to have imputed unto them as 
 Acting in abftraction from their Offices, and as they 
 come to be confidcred only Pcrfonally; and what 
 they are to be held accountable for as behaving them- 
 felves correfpondently to the characters which they 
 bear, and to the Trttfts which are reposed in them ; 
 and as tley govern and regulate them felves in the fe¬ 
 ver al and refpective parts of their Adminift rations, 
 both in conformity to the Laws, and to the Meaftres 
 of Bienfance and Decency , which their Mafters out 
 of reffect to their own Honour and Glory, as well as 
 from Principles of Wifdom and Jufiice, are to 
 
 k always [appos'd to require, us well us to wijb, that 
 
 they may neither trefpafs againft, nor in the leafl de¬ 
 viate from. For as Monarchs and Soveraign Prin¬ 
 ces, notwithftanding the Innocence of their own Pur - 
 pofes, and the Rightcoufncfs of their Defigns towards 
 their Subjects and People, do Jeldom efcape obloquy 
 and blame, when they upon whom the execution and 
 the exercife of their Authority is devolved, arc found 
 to offend againfl the Laws, which ftand enacted 
 and effabliffied to be the Standards and Boundaries 
 of Governing and Ruling Power ; fo it is hardly to 
 be avoided, let Kings and Potentates be never fo 
 jufily Celebrated, by reafon of their own Wifdom, 
 and the Manner linefs of their whole Royal Conduct, 
 but that there will be found peviffi and ill-natur'd 
 People enough, ready to fully the Fame, and to de¬ 
 tract from the Glory of their Prudence, in cafe 
 they who are employ'd jn the chiefeft Offices of the 
 
 State, 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 Suite, are obferved to over-look and forget the Rulcf 
 of decency, and to trefpafs again ft the Forms of Ci¬ 
 vility and the Maxims of Difcretion. 
 
 And that what 1 have reprefented, may appear 
 to have been [aid from a dutiful regard to His 
 Majefty's Honour and Safety , let me be allow'd to 
 fet both the Cafes in a clearer Light, by the Pro- 
 pofal of two Suppofitions , whereof there are 
 Proofs within view, to fiew that they are not vifio- 
 nary and chimerical. For example, let His Ma- 
 jefty be never fo Merciful, as well as Juft, never- 
 thelefs it will be impoffible, during a feafon wherein 
 there is no fuff, ■ (ion upon any Acts of Parliament, 
 that his Government fhould efcape the cenftre of 
 being not only Rigorous and Severe, but Arbitrary 
 and Defpotical, if a Verfon trufted with Authority 
 and Power of canjing Sciz.e and Apprehend ftch as 
 are Informed and Sworn againft to be Plotters and 
 Confpirators againft the Safety of His Majefty's 
 Perfon, the Tranquility of his Government, or the 
 Peace of his Dominions , jhould under that Cover 
 and Pretence , fo far contemn and trample upon the 
 many and feveral Laws of England, which have 
 been made for the prefervation of the Liberty of 
 Englifli Subjects, as to caufe Take tip, and by his 
 Warrants to confine under afperfion of High Trea- 
 fonwhomhe pkafeth, without the vouchfafing to men¬ 
 tion in thofc Warrants his having received Depofi- 
 tions upon Oath fpecifying and importing the Crimes 
 for which he Commits them. Which as it doth of¬ 
 ten prove to be the Ruining them in their Eftates 
 and Fortunes, as well as the fcanddizdng and black- 
 ning them in their Names, Credits and Reputations, 
 thro'the charging them with the guilt of difqrace- 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 reducing and bringing the People of England in- 
 to a Bate and condition of abfilute and downright 
 Slavery, by the making the Liberty of every Eng- 
 lifh Sitbjett, as well as of fome, to depend vreca- 
 riottfly , and at the fame time entirely, upon the 
 humour of him who ajfurneth unto himfelf the 
 Exercife of fitch a JurifdiBion. Which makes me 
 aBonifhed, that they who covet to AB after this 
 mrnited and unconfined rate, are not more Friend¬ 
 ly and Kind to Scotland, than they have hither¬ 
 to chofcn to Jhew themfelves in that no more is 
 required there, for the Empowering thofe in the 
 Administration to throw Men into Pri/on , with¬ 
 out their admijfwn to Bails , or the being brought 
 to Tryal, but that they do ftfpecl them to be 
 Seditious Difloyal or Traiterous. 
 
 Likewife , let the King behave himfelf towards 
 
 the SitbjeBs of all, or of any of his Kingdoms, 
 with never fo much Condefcenfm, Goodnefs, end 
 Compajfion, fmcerely and joyfully congratulating 
 ■their Profperiiy, and Condoleing and Simpathiz,- 
 ing with them under their Calamities •, ( as the 
 King with great Tendernefs hath lately done to¬ 
 wards the Scots Company, thro 1 telling them in 
 his Anfwer to their Add-refs, that he is firry for 
 the Dammage which they and their Country have 
 fuslained in and by the Lofs of their Colony) 
 yet none of all thefi things will be found fujfici- 
 ent to prcferve him in the hearty AffeBions 
 awful Efteem, and firm Confidence of thofi Sub- 
 jeBs of finch of his Dominions, who find their Na¬ 
 tion made the objeB of the ficorn, ridicule and con¬ 
 tempt •, its welfare the motive of the Envy and 
 hatred ; and their misfortune the matter and 
 pound of the pkafttre and delight of thoje, whom 
 
T o the Reader. 
 
 be hath honored with the firfi places in the Exer- 
 life of his Authority , and in the Adminiftration 
 cf the affairs of State in whatfoever Dominion it be 
 under his Subjection. 
 
 However it may not be amifstoobferve, that how 
 difcontented and clamorous foever the Spaniards 
 have been, becaufe of the Scots endeavouring to 
 have fetled at Darien j and how unbind, as well as 
 unaffiftent unto them, (whether upon imaginary mo¬ 
 tives of Juftice, 'or real inducements of State, I 
 fhall not determine) fuel) have fhewed themfelves, 
 nhofe favour and Protection they expefted in the 
 fipporting them in that undertaking, and how great 
 and Damageable thereupon their Difappointments 
 and Ioffes have proved, which while they caufe 
 farrow 10 them, do adminifter occafon of Joy to o- 
 thers , whofc characters it doth very ill accord 
 
 with And become ; yet that it is fame conflation 
 both to their Company, and their whole Kingdom 
 that the Reprefentation a Meflrs les primie- 
 res rjliniftres d’ Angleterre, The memorial or 
 maniteft given into the Lords Juftices by the 
 Spanifh Ambafl'ador in September lap, was not 
 in the leaf occafion’d by, nor bottom’d upon any 
 thing relative to their Colony upon the Ameri¬ 
 can llthmus. So that whatfoever the Conferen¬ 
 ces of that Memorial, and of his Britannick 
 Majelty ju.fi Refentment of it may be, yet- 
 none of them, can either now, or hereafter, be 
 faid to have fprung and fiowed from any Pack 
 or Enterpri e of the Scots. 
 
 jmd ffco’ I do not pretend to any knowledge of 
 thofe Confutations, Treaties and Stipulations, ( five 
 as they are there expreffed to have been. Sur la 
 
 fucceffion de la couronne d 1 Efpagne, & fa 
 
 Di- 
 
To the Reader . 1 
 
 Divif.on and Repartition, about the Succeffioh 
 to the Crown of Spain, and the Divifion and 
 Repartition of that Monarcy) wherein His Ma- 
 jefty having been concerned, gave occafion and 
 adminijired ground for that Memorial, which 
 was fo difpleafmg unto Him, that he thereupon 
 Commanded the Spanifli Ambafliador, who deli¬ 
 ver'd it, to depart within Eighteen days out of 
 bis Kingdom, and in that time not to go out of 
 his Gate ; yet 1 hope it will neither be accounted 
 Prefnmption , nor an bitrujion upon Secrets and 
 Myileries of State to fay, that nothing could have 
 contributed fo much to the obviating all fitch mifun- 
 derSlandings between the two Crowns , as jhould 
 [well into and terminate in a Rupture, as the hav¬ 
 ing protcUed the Scots in their feukmem at Da¬ 
 rien would have done. For as the having a Co¬ 
 lony ESlablijlfd in the very Heart and Bofome 
 of the Spanifli American Dominions, and accomo¬ 
 dated with a Defenceable Harbour, that is capa¬ 
 ble of receiving the whole Naval Strength of Eng¬ 
 land, would ( unlefs the Cabinet Reflations at 
 Madrid, be the Refultsof Paffwn and Haughtinefs, 
 rather than of fedate thoughts, Political Wifdom , 
 and of Debates where arguments derived from fafe- 
 ty and interefi cafi the fcale ) effectually check 
 the Spaniards againfl falling into raff and 
 hafty Councils, and an infallible motive for re¬ 
 fraining the Catholick King from emarquing in 
 a War with His Eritannick Majefty, becaafe of 
 the unavoidable mifchiefs, that upon our being 
 fo Circumftanced and Stated thro* the poffeffwn 
 
 of that place , would attend it in relationto the ma¬ 
 ny great and opulent Territories of the Spanifli 
 Monarchy in the Weft-Indies, which are both 
 tin 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 the fames of all that Wealth and Treafrn which 
 inahle them to defend their Kingdoms and Pro- 
 mimes in Europe, and do afford them the means 
 and advantages of ftpporting themfelves in that 
 veneration and eiteem, which are paid them, and 
 rendred unto that Crown in this part of the 
 World fo it is net to be doubted, fliould a War 
 Commence upon any inducements and reafons whatfo- 
 ever,whether fancied or realffight or weighty.between 
 the King of Spain and the Monarch of Great 
 Britain, but that thro 1 our being fo Ported in the 
 midfi of their American Plantations , they would 
 foon be made fenftble of, their betaking themfelves 
 thereby to a courfe and method that will unavoid¬ 
 able iffue in their Ruine. 
 
 For tho 1 no Man that pretendeth to good Senfe can . 
 have the weaknefs to imagine -, nor any who are under 
 theTies ofJllegiance and Fealty, can have the Difoy- 
 alty to ffpeel ’, that the coldnefs and indifference 
 of the Court of England, in reference to the 
 Scots being encouraged and fipported at Darien, 
 (to fay nothing of the meaftres that have been 
 taken and purfned, not only to the Difheartening 
 and ObflruBing them in their Leftgn , but to the 
 defeating it, thro ' 1 rendring as far as could be ef¬ 
 fected, without open and direct hoflility, their 
 continuance in that place impracticable ) was either 
 in ftbfcrviency to the better concealing and covering 
 tbofe Transactions, which were then carrying on, 
 and are fence difeovered and divulged, concerning 
 the adjnJHng and determining the Succeflion to 
 the Crown of Spain, or in order, at the ex¬ 
 pence o- the Kingdom of Scotland and the Li* 
 fionour as well as the Lofs fustained by their 
 African and India Company , to have the more 
 eafdy 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 eafdy reconciled, what was at that time under 
 Confultation and Treaty towards the being Con¬ 
 certed and Stipulated , to the Catholick King and 
 his Minifers ; yet it may both with Modefty and 
 Safety be affirmed, that among other means which 
 would have both Advanced His Majefty above 
 the threats and menaces of the Spaniards, who 
 endeavour to altarm him , that ttnlefs all that he 
 hath projected in the foremention'd Affair, be 
 promptement arrefte, viendra un Guerre Fu- 
 nelte & univerfelle dans toute tc Europe, 
 fpeedily renounced, there will arife a de- 
 ftruftive and general War thro’ all Eu¬ 
 rope, but inabled him to juftify and to make 
 good by his Power and Force , what he hath by 
 his great Prudence and Wiflom been Adjnjting 
 and Contrasting with others in reference to the 
 forefaid matter. It would have alfo been in 
 fome degree ufeful and fubfervient thereunto , if 
 inftead of lending his Name and Authority to 
 thofewho emitted the Proclamations in the Eng- 
 f? forth ^ WelHndia Plantations, prohibiting the 
 by the holding any Correfpondence with, or the 
 e ir! of giving any Alfiftance unto, any Perfon or 
 Mmcrn. perfons, that had been Fitted out in Scot- 
 3 ' land with Ships of Force to fettle in fome 
 1 part of America , he bad vnuchfaved unto his 
 SubjeBs of Scotland, thofe Teftimonies of his 
 Royal Care and Zeal for their Succcfs in the 
 expedition they went upon , and for their pr fper- 
 ing in the defign in which they were EmbarqPd, 
 as might have made them out of Gratitude , 
 Ambitious of Sacrificing their Lives in his Ser - 
 
 Tor 
 
To the Reader.' 
 
 For as it is a great Satisfaction to a Prince, and 
 that which gives him a Refutation, and at fnch 
 a juncture and in thofe circumftances, renders him 
 formidable to thofe who feem inclined, and do only 
 covet a favourable oppottunity of declaring them- 
 felves his Enemies, to be univcrfally known to have 
 a firm Tenure in the AffeClions and Confidences. of 
 all his People, and to be tmderftood to have their 
 Wealth and Power ready to be furrendred with rea- 
 dinefs and chcarfulncfs unto his Difpofal, and their 
 Lives chiefly valued by them on the foot of having 
 them to venture at his Command, and for the ex¬ 
 alting, as well as for the maintaining his Honour and 
 Glory■, fo it cannot but both extreamly difljuiet 
 
 him , and alfo Icjfcn his Credit and Feneration with 
 
 thofe Potentates , that Envy the greatnefs of bis Un¬ 
 dertakings, and who dread the Wifdom that dif- 
 playeth it felf in his Projections, to find the largefi 
 Part and Proportion of the whole Body of his Sub-, 
 jells in one of his Dominions, highly difeontented 
 with, and clamomfly complaining, and as they 
 think not without jujl reafon, of the Conduct and. 
 Behaviour of thofe towards them, who being in the 
 highefl Places of tie Exercifc and Adminiftration 
 of the Government, do vouch his Orders and his 
 Authority for thofe Allions that are fo ill Re- 
 fented. 
 
 . And that thefe Proceedings of the King’s Eng- 
 lifh Minifters of State, and of his Subordinate 
 Governors, towards and againfl the Scots in their 
 Weft:-India Undertaking, might have been for¬ 
 lorn and avoided, without Elis Majcfly’s becoming 
 obnoxious to Detraction and Cafurc, of having con¬ 
 nived at and countenanced any Fad in them, than 
 can juftly be called invafive upon the Dominions 
 9. of 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 e f Spaing and an Infraction of Alliances with that 
 Crown, or that can reafonably be held prejudicial 
 f o the Intereft of England, either in their Mamt- 
 fallures and Commerce at home, or with refpett to 
 the Floirrijhing and Trajfck of their Plantations a- 
 broad, being the Subjecl of the enfuing Difcourfe, 
 I do without craving the lenity and favour, or de¬ 
 precating the prejudice and feverity of any, fubmit 
 it to the Judgment and Fcrdicl of all fitch, who 
 ■underft and the Laws of Nature and Nations, have 
 examin'd the Alliances that have been contrailed 
 between the Crowns of Great Britain and Spain, 
 and who arc able to judge of what is advantagious 
 to the Brit if Kingdoms“ whether collectively or dif- 
 jmuvely coiiftdcrft. 
 
 And I am fire, that whatfoever hath been al- 
 ledgcd by the Spaniards in the Memorial prefented 
 by the Spanilh AmbalTador to His Majeflry in 
 May laft, for Ihe blackning and afperfmg the De- 
 fgn and Attempt of the Scots, with refpeil to 
 their Setling a Colony upon the Ifthmus of Da¬ 
 rien, (all which will in the following Sheets be 
 brought under Difcjuifttion, and demonftrated to be 
 Groimdlefs, Frivolous, and Impertinent) yet that it 
 bath no Analogy , nor bcarcth any Proportion with the 
 ttndecency, feverity and defimatonnefs of the Lan¬ 
 guage, which oecurreth in the Memorial exhibited 
 by the fame Minifter to the Lords Jultices in the 
 Month of September. Wherein he upbraids and 
 reproaches a Great and Wife, as well as an Imme¬ 
 diate Perfonal franfaition of ILis Majcfty, as if 
 therein u c had m only been Emporter a l’am- 
 bkion d’ulurpcr & boulcverfer ies Pais d’au- 
 truii, Hurried into the ambition of ufurpmg a 
 Povver over, and of endeavouring to iubvert 
 
To the Reader,' 
 
 the Dominions of another Prince; and that if 
 fnc!, an /IB ft and allowed , II ny auroit ni Sta¬ 
 tutes ni Loys Municipales,.a obferver chez les 
 unes ni chcz les antres qui ni fuih'e Librcs de 
 attentates d’antrnii, There will neither remain 
 Statute nor Municipal Laws obiervable between 
 Princes, which will not be liable to be inva¬ 
 ded, and freely broken in upon; hat he farther 
 calls it fitch an JBion towards the Catholic!: Kina , 
 that by reafou of the influence , which it may have 
 upon his Subjects , Pour tenter la Foy, & exciter 
 leur Efprits a des foulevements, In tempting 
 them from their Allegiance, and by exciting 
 them to Mutinies and Infurrcctions, is not con¬ 
 fluent, a la boil Foy qui fe doit obferver en- 
 tre les Chretiens, & a la plus fort raifon en- 
 tre des Allies & Amis, With that fincerity' 
 which Ihould be obferved among Chriftians, 
 and much more among thofe that are Allies 
 and Friends; being withal Juch a Practife , that if 
 fuffered , II ny aucoune Nation, ni Domination en 
 Europe en furete contre les machinations &c 
 tromperies de la plus Fort, oil _ de la plus 
 rnalicieux, There will be no Nation or King¬ 
 dom in Europe in fifety agaiuft the Contri¬ 
 vances and Deceits of fuch, as are either Power¬ 
 ful or Malicious. 
 
 All which I have therefore called over and men¬ 
 tion'd (and would not other-wife have done it) that 
 
 they who have appear'd unfriendly nntof.ud offended at 
 the Scots Vndcrtahlng , thro ’ the fnjfering thcmfclves 
 to receive finifirnous iv.preffms of n, upon its being 
 reprefented in thejorcmc.nion’d Memorial of May 3- 
 As an Invaiion upon the Dominions of His 
 Cstholick Majefty, and an Infraction of the Al- 
 a 2 dance? 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 liances between the two Crowns, may from their 
 Joeing mode acquainted with the fodnefs and un¬ 
 decency of the Terms that are heft owed upon the 
 Stipulation which the King of Great Britain hath 
 been concerting ., to the happ 'nefs of the very Spa- 
 nsards themfelves , as well as for the future tran¬ 
 quility of all the Soveraignties and Principalities 
 of Europe, be from thence henceforward convinced ., 
 that the Credit and Authority of a Spanifh Me¬ 
 morial is too lubricous and fandy a Foundation to 
 build an Opinion upon, of the Illegality and Inju- 
 ftice of a TraufaBion , Entc,priz.e and FaB. And 
 as I hope the having unanfiver ably p;ov’d, that the 
 Spaniards were wonderfully miftaken in the Ap¬ 
 pellations which they gave to the Scots Landing and 
 their beginning to erect a Plantation upon the Ilth- 
 mus of America ■, fi I doubt not , but that the 
 Projection , for which His Mijefty is fi undecently 
 treated, and. dijhonourably afperfed , will be both 
 vindicated from all the Obloquies call upon and af¬ 
 fixed. unto him ; and alfo juft ifed to have been the 
 Rcfdt and Effect of a Wifdom , that future Ages, 
 as well as the prefent , will admire and magnify him 
 for. Only care in that cafe muft be taken , that 
 they who jhall be honoured with the Truft of being 
 employ'd in fitch a Noble Work, may not be of 
 tbofc Per fins chafing , who /elected and pitched up¬ 
 on the Writers of the Pamphlets, call’d. The 
 Defence of the Scots Abdicating Darien \ and 
 the Defence of their Settlement at it Anfwer’d, 
 thefe being with rcfpcct to Senfi , Truth, Reafon , 
 and good Manners, the moft filly, ridiculous, and. 
 ignominious Creatures , that ever the Name of Au¬ 
 thors was conferr’d upon. 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 And that their Performances in their fevtral 
 and reflective ways, which are fitch as froclaim the 
 Intellectuals of both of them mean , and the Morals 
 of cue of them very bad , arc not arraigned and ex¬ 
 po fed in the enfiing Difcourfe, is, bccaitfc of its 
 having been fully written and finished, before the 
 Scurrilities of the one, and the In,pertinencies of~ 
 the other, towards the blackning of the Conduct of 
 the Scots, or the difprovwg the Legitimacy of 
 their Undertaking, were obtruded upon the World-, 
 as likewifr prcvwitfy to the Publication of the Bosk 
 that is Stil’d, A Defence of the Scots Settlement 
 at Darien , with an Anfwer to the Spanilh Me¬ 
 morial againft it. And as I have not upon the 
 perufal of the laft: cither added unto, or fubftra -, 
 cted from what I bad antecedently written, which 
 may ferve to vindicate me from being accounted a 
 Plagiary, in cafe that in our Reafonings upon a 
 Subject that is the fame there do here and there 
 appear, not only an affinity of Stile and Language , 
 but a Concidence of Thoughts, whether in the 
 mentioning of Facts, or in the citing of Authori¬ 
 ties • fo I do not think it neccjfary to Riply any 
 thine to what by firne may be held Argumentative 
 in either of the other two foremcntioTd Pamphlets, 
 as reckoning that whatfoever occurreth in them of 
 that Nature and Tendency , to be fujf.ciently obvia¬ 
 ted^ and in way of Anfwer fully anticipated, in 
 what is Rcprcfented and Argued in the following 
 Sheets and much lefs can J prevail upon my felj , 
 to waft my own time, and give entertainment to 
 the judicious part of Mankind (whom I do only 
 covet to be the Readers of what I write') in the 
 detecting the Calumnies and Falftoods, and in re¬ 
 buking the Petulancy of a Mercenary Scribler , that 
 a 3 hath 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 hat).i been brib’d with Money to defame a Nation , 
 and to throw that Dirt upon Ferforts of Integrity 
 and Honour, which a little fcandalons Fellow , who 
 had been expel I'd. jome time ago out of His Ma- 
 jefty’s Navy for his Crimes and Mifdemeanours 
 (and who thereupon f'poke as fcandalonfly and rc- 
 vilhigly then of the Englifll, as he hath lately done 
 of the Scots ) had rak’d andgathet ’d together. The 
 only thing which 1 fall therefore fay, for over¬ 
 throwing the Faith, deputation and Credit, of that 
 detraUive Mifcrcant in his many other Fictitious 
 and Romatick Stories, fall be to refer\thofc, who 
 arc not willing to be mi fed in their Belief of Men 
 and Things by Lies and Fables impos’d with im¬ 
 pudence and audacity upon them, to Mr. Wafer, 
 who can and will affttre them , that the Afperftons 
 thrown upon the Scots, in relation to their Treating 
 of him , are as falje, as they are defamatory. So 
 that thro’ the Fellow’s appearing a Liar in one Cafe , 
 he is to be accounted incapable of having hisTe- 
 ftimony receiv’d in all other whatfoever. Nor can 
 any , without the renouncing of common Senfe , be¬ 
 lieve that the Gentlemen employ’d by the Company 
 to Confer and Tranfaci with Mr. Wafer, con’d 
 be guilty of fnch Wcaknefs and Folly, as 10 reveal 
 and detcfl unto him their Defgn upon Darien, in 
 that the whole Succefs oj that ’Undertaking, depen¬ 
 ded entirely upon its being kept and preferved a Se¬ 
 cret. 
 
 However it may not be amifs to tale notice of a 
 ce> tain Fajfage in that Fabulous Book, which is to be 
 met with Page 1 6. namely. That juft as the Scots 
 Companies Books were open’d at Amflcrdam 
 for the Receiving Subfcriptions to their Stock: 
 sad- Capital, the Dutch Eaft and Weft-lndia 
 Con^ 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 Companies run open mouth’d to the Lords of 
 that City, fhewing what was hatching by the 
 Scots Commiflioners in their Town, to Ruine 
 the Trade of the United Provinces. Which I 
 
 have therefore the rather chef becaufc it is one 
 of the few that have any Truth in them , and not 
 to admin ifer occafion unto any Men (tho > I fear 
 many trill be ready to take it from thence without 
 ray leave or allowance) for fnfpcUing, and much 
 iefs for concluding that our Councils in England, 
 arc too much under the influence of the Hollan¬ 
 ders, nnti nccommodt'.ud to fuel) Mcufim, ns are 
 
 fubfeweiem to a Dutch Inter fl. For tho > the un¬ 
 thinking Creature who communicated the Stott) to 
 the Writer , and the unwary Statcfmm and indiffe¬ 
 rent Politician , under whoje Countenance as well as 
 Connivance it flands publijh’d, might -no ways d.e- 
 (ign the begetting and fomenting flicb an Opinion , 
 yet it is Jo adapted to juftify an apprehcnfion of 
 that Nature , that not only fitch who are difaffecied 
 to the Government , but many that place their hav- 
 pinefs , and do find their Profit in being under ‘it 
 
 will be ndy to fill into the Notion , and to imbibe 
 
 the Sentiment. Fflpecially feeing as well the Pro¬ 
 ceedings here in dijeouraging the Scots in their 
 American Lefign, as what hath been done and 
 praclifed in the Englilh vVeft-India Plantations 
 by pofitivc Orders and Injimttions from hcncc , which 
 have proved very Prejudicial , if not Ruinous unto 
 them in their Colony , thro’ appearing very little fnb- 
 fervient to an Englijh Intcrefi , either here , or in 
 America, will thereupon be confirmed by thofic bold 
 and critical Men, who do both nfurp a Liberty of 
 penetrating into , and a Right of judging and ccnftt- 
 ring Refolittms and Jttions of State (which omht 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 to be look'd upon with Reverence , and acquiefc'd in 
 with Silence) to have flow'd either from a Wifdom 
 in reference to our Concerns , Welfare and Profpe- 
 'rity , that is indifcoverable arid pafl finding out 5 
 or to have fpnmg from Reafons relative to the Sa- 
 itsfaftion and Advantage of that Outlandifh and 
 l oreign Rcpublkk , which hath been named. 
 
 And as Im the other Pamphlet, call'd. The 
 Defence of the Scots Abdicating of Darien , An- 
 fwer’d Paragraph by Paragraph, whereof the 
 Author hath written with more Modefiy , than he 
 did on whom I have been Refletting, tho' at the 
 fame time fo weakly and triflingly , that I cannot 
 bring my felf to think , that it 'needs (for I am 
 fare it doth not deferve ) fo much as one Srriclure 
 or Animadverfion befiowed upon it , beyond what in 
 the following Difcourfe will be found applicable there¬ 
 unto. And indeed that Gentleman's Defign feems 
 (as if playing Booty ) he had intended the getting 
 a Book to pafs unarrefled and current under the Vi¬ 
 zor and Mask of being Anfwer’d, which thro' its 
 want of that Sheen , Cover and Pafport , there were 
 endeavours itfed to have ftifled and fipprcffed. 
 Which appears the more evidently to have been the 
 fcope of the Anfwerer, in that he doth not only 
 give us the other Book entirely , fo far as he 
 ■taketh upon him to Reply unto , it which he doth in 
 his manner with reference to the whole that is Ar¬ 
 gumentative and Difconrfive in it ■ but he annex- 
 sth , without the owifl'wn of a word , whatfoever oc- 
 eurcth in the Book , againfi which he would be thought 
 to ft up as an Antagonifl , a Sheet and a half giv¬ 
 ing- the Defcription of Darien, without the being 
 fit the expence of a Syllable to contraditt or difap- 
 prove it. lea , the main Argument upon which he 
 
T o the Reader. 
 
 tndeamreth to jnftify the Oppojition unto, as well 
 ts the Difconntenance given by the Government 
 of England to the Scots, in their American Vn- 
 dertaking, being taken from a Viftonary and Ro- 
 mantick Topick, and Jitperflr: Bed upon a known 
 and downright Faljbood, it doth thereby become 
 manifefi to all who are endowed with any mea¬ 
 sure of difcerning , that his main purport in Wri¬ 
 ting, was to give a Licence for the fife and pub- 
 lick Sale of a Book , which crept about, and was 
 here and there vended abroad , only furreptioitfiy 
 and by fiealth before. For whereas he feeks to 
 have it believed, that all the late Englilh Pro¬ 
 ceedings in disfavour and prejudice of the Scots, 
 were in purfiance of and Addrefs prefented by the 
 Parliament to His Majefty , Anno 1595. This 
 is all mere Dream and Imagination , and no bet¬ 
 ter than a Bantering of Mankind. It being mojl 
 certain , that tbs Parliament never entertain'd a 
 thought, of having ObfiruBion given to the King¬ 
 dom of Scotland, as to their Setling a Colony 
 either in the Ealt or Welt-Indies, provided it 
 were not where they were the previous Occupiers , 
 and on condition that it pray'd not in ways , and by 
 means inconfiftent with the Amity that is between 
 she two Kingdoms, as they jland link'd together 
 under one Sovereign. Neither could they fo far 
 forget the boundaries unto which they do at all 
 times circumfcribe and confine tbemfelve: in their 
 Tarliamentary ABings , as to attempt it in refe¬ 
 rence to a Nation , o ver which they claim no Ju- 
 rifdiBion , but which they do own to be Abfolute 
 within it felf, aud altogether Independent upon 
 them. But the whole which the Parliament ap- 
 
 , 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 pfyed unto the King about at that time, i vas that 
 he would interpofe and exert his Authority for the 
 hindring of his Englilh Subjetts from becoming 
 Sublcribers to the Stock and Capital, which the 
 Scots were about to make , ■ frame and efiablifi^ 
 for the Ercttion of a Weft or Eaft-India Plan¬ 
 tation, and for the beginning and promoting of a 
 Foreign Trade. Which as they had a Eight and 
 an Inherent and Legal Tower to do , fo they 
 (hew'd themfclves extreamly Wife and Prudential 
 
 'in oppofing and defeating that part of the Scots 
 
 Projection. Seeing JlioiPd fitch a Liberty have been 
 either allowed or connived at in the Sub jells of Eng¬ 
 land, much of that Treaftre which is employ'd in 
 their own Trajfick ond Commerce , and efpecially to 
 the Indies, might have been put into the Scots 
 Bank, upon the Profpcft and Motive of the Profit 
 that would thereby accrue unto them , thro 1 the ma¬ 
 ny Privileges and great Immunities , which were 
 granted unto the Scots Company for and during 
 the Term of 22 Tears. 
 
 Ivor doth he fhew himfelf very prudent , in Ee- 
 fleBing fo fevercly , as he doth , upon the Behaviour 
 of the Scots towards King Charles I. in that the 
 Engiiiii themfelves were not only as Vifioyal as they , 
 but both tempted them unto , and rewarded them jor 
 it. Seeing beftdes their Troops being paid with Eng- 
 tifh Moneys not a few of their■ Leading Men better'd 
 their Fortunes , at the expence of this Kingdom , by 
 their being the Fomenters of the firft War , as wed 
 as for being the Infimments of Scotland 1 ; joyning to 
 fnpport the Parliament againft the King afterwards. 
 And whenfoever it is ' [eafonable, it can be demon- 
 firatedfrom Mimic Mmfm % and fi;ob as k- 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 fern to be Credited, that the Scots had neither 
 Marched into England, Anno 1638, nor in 164.3, 
 had they not been univerfally Courted, and divers 
 Perfons of the flrft Rank bribed thereunto. It be - 
 inn undeniable that the Ship-Money and the long In- 
 termiffion of Parliaments in England, influenced 
 fiich as in that Kingdom were flil'd Patriots (which 
 whether they were or not I do not enquire ) to tempt and 
 draw in the Scots to that bloody and infamous War , 
 whereas without Encouragements , that I am not 
 williutj- to IStame from them, the Scots would 
 have^upon no Refentments of their own have rim 
 into it, how Bigotted foever fome of their Cler- 
 <jy might at that time have been. And as the 
 c .Rebellious part fell equally to the fbare of both 
 the Nations , Jo the Treacherous fbare both to¬ 
 wards God and Man doth diflinguingly affeli Eng¬ 
 land, in that infiead of making that King a Glori¬ 
 ous Prince, as they both Swore and Stipulated, pro¬ 
 vided thoft things were redufjed which had been 
 complained of as amifs in the Adminiftration, they 
 not only rejected the Conceffions which he made, that 
 were more than a wife. People wouldhave demanded, 
 but they Murder'd him. Neither was the Number 
 of thofe in England, who perfever'd in their Alle¬ 
 giance to that King, and fujfer’d with him and 
 for him , greater and more numerous , in pro¬ 
 portion to the People of the one Kingdom and the 
 other } then they were, who ajferted his lnterefl in 
 Scotland to their Ruine. Nor can I imagine for 
 what End , that Author recalls thofe things (which 
 ought to be for ever forgotten) in fitch approbriom 
 and afperftve Terms, unlcfs it be to faflen an Ig¬ 
 nominy and a Reproach upon what hath been fmee 
 tranf- 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 mnfatted againfi another Prince, tho" 1 not carry 1 cl 
 to the height of the Original. 
 
 Yea, were not that Author prodigioufly filly, and 
 altogether unfit for the Province which he under¬ 
 took, he would not upbraid him whom he pretends to 
 Jnfwer, for having flow'd both Vanity and want 
 of Judgment, becaufe of his having only faid, That 
 Scotland turned the Ballance in the late Revo¬ 
 lution. Whereas it is as Demonfirable as any 
 Problem in Euclid, that if the Kingdom of Scot¬ 
 land had Vnanimoufiy Declar’d againfi the Abdi¬ 
 cation (confidering the many thoufands in England, 
 who in the juflifying thereof would have been ready 
 to have feconded them) but that both the War in 
 Ireland and that upon the Continent, would have 
 been carry'd on with more difficulty than they were, 
 and probably have terminated more unfortunately , 
 and with lefs honour , than they did. Nor is it to 
 be thought impojfibk, but that upon fitch a Decla¬ 
 ration, the Scots might have obtained, thofe Terms 
 with reference to their Laws, Liberties, Privileges 
 and Religion from King James, and thofe fo fecu- 
 red from Repeal and Alteration, as that they might 
 have been as happy as either at prefent they are, or 
 have reafon to hope to be hereafter. For however 
 impojfible it was, as our Author rightly accounts it, 
 for the Scots to have remain’d Neutral at the 
 time of the Revolution, confidering the Party 
 within their Bowels, that was headed by Dun¬ 
 dee •, yet all Men who have not loft their Vnder- 
 fiandings, muft needs acknowledge, that they might 
 at that juncture have taken other Mwfms tbUfl 
 
 they did. 
 
 Nor 
 
To the Reader^ 
 
 Nor can this Writer be any ways thought a 
 Politician, who feeks to reprtfcnt it as a thing too 
 ridiculous to be imagin'd, That England could be 
 render’d obnoxious to Dangers, thro’ the Scots 
 running into a Conjunction with France. For 
 tho' Ido efteem him a wry ill Man that wijheth it ; 
 yet I cannot avoid reckoning him ftrangely unac¬ 
 quainted with the State and Ballance of Europe, 
 that doth not forefee, how mifchievom the Vnion of 
 thefe two Nations together might prove to this King¬ 
 dom, mwithfi aiding both its own great Opulency 
 and Power, and its having the Dutch for its Al¬ 
 lies. Of whofe wonderful Friendfiip our Eaft-India 
 Company hath had a late Experiment, thro 1 the 
 Holanders both fupplanting them in effe.l in their 
 whole Eaft-India Trade, and in the getting them to 
 be difgracefully Infulted by the Minilters and Of¬ 
 ficers of the Mogul. For whereas that Monarch 
 being provoked by the HojHlities of European Pi¬ 
 rates, would admit no Europeans to Trajfick in his 
 Dominions, without their becoming obliged to cover 
 all Lis Ships and thofe of Subjects from thofe Rob¬ 
 bers: The Dutch in the vertue of Bribes feafonably 
 beflowed, have procur'd the protection of the vajt 
 Ocean Southward of Surat to be devolv'd upon the 
 Englilh, (the performance whereof is altogether 
 impracticable, cjpecially if the Suborners thereunto, 
 fhould not only Countenance the Piracy of others, 
 but think it convenient in order and fubferviency to 
 their Jnterefl to practice it on thefe Seas themfelves) 
 while the whole which the Dutch have thought fit to 
 charge themfelves with, is to protect the Commerce 
 to Mocca, in the Undertaking whereof, they have 
 alfo a ProfpeCt of acquiring other advantages over 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 the 'Englifh. But to return to the 'Author of 
 whofo Performances 1 have been fuggefting my 
 Thoughts. Would either my Temper, or my Prin¬ 
 ciples, allow me to judge of another's Defines by 
 Confluences deducible from hafty and unwary Ex- 
 preffions, 1 fbonld be aft to fnfpeff, that the Gentle¬ 
 man would be glad to fee the Experiment of the one 
 and the other that have been mentioned. Whereas I do 
 heartily fray, that neither the Scots may be fo Trai- 
 tems as to be guilty of the fir ft •, nor the Englifh 
 brought into the Circumflances of being expos'd to 
 the trial of the fecond. 
 
 All that I Jitall further fnbjoyn for preparing the 
 Reader to theperufal of the following Difcourfe, is 
 briefly to let him know , that I do reckon what will 
 be there met with, to be no left either Needful or 
 SM[mik % in cafe the Scots have forfaken Darien, 
 than if they had continued fill in the poffeffion thereof ; 
 or after their having once Abandon’d it, had again 
 Re-poffels’d it. In that my bufmefs is to Juftify 
 and Vindicate the Legality of their Defign and At¬ 
 tempt to Settle there, abfiraEUngfrom the confdera - 
 tion whether their Vndertaking might be attended 
 with Succefsor Difappointment. And if what 1 have 
 reprefented and offer'd on that Head, be Perti¬ 
 nent and Effectual for the Proving and EflaUifhing 
 of what it is alledgV. and adduc'dfor, it will not on¬ 
 ly render their Condition the more Companionable, on 
 the fuppofal of their having been unfortunate ; but it 
 will both make their prefent Clamours and Refetit- 
 ments for their Lofs , Calamity and Dijgrace , the 
 tefs Surprising and the more Pardonable , provided 
 they carry them no farther, than what is confident 
 with their Fealty and Allegiance ; and will {hew the 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 whidnefs and neglett of thofe 10 have been the,greater] 
 ■whether in the giving them Oppofiticn, or'in the reftt- 
 fmg them Affifiance , wbofe Favour and Aid they 
 might , on many accounts , have rcafonably relied 
 upon with refpeU to the being Countenanced and Sup¬ 
 ported. Not to add , that feme will find themfehes 
 extreamly mifiaken in their Politicks, and perceive 
 their having been mifed into wrong Meafures; if 
 the Intelligence paid prove true , which divers have 
 receiv’d , of the Spaniards having accepted the Na¬ 
 val Afliftance of the French, for Driving the 
 Scots out of Darien, in cafe they be fill there , and 
 on the fnppofil of their having left it , for the Co¬ 
 vering all thofe Parts of America, over which the 
 Catholick King pretends a Soveraignty, tho’’ Un- 
 occupied by my of his Subjects, from attempts of 
 
 that Nature upon them for the future by any of the 
 Britifh Nations , or the Dominions thereunto belcm- 
 ing. Seeing that as Spains complying to receive the 
 Aid of the Marine Power of France, must argue 
 fuch an entirenefs of Friendfhip, and firmnefs of 
 Confidence between them, as can thither be comforta¬ 
 ble nor fife to fcvcral Principalities and States in 
 Europe; fo befides the Inconveniencies and Dama¬ 
 ges which may thereupon befall other of His Maje- 
 fiy’s Kingdoms, as well as Scotland ; v is not im - 
 pojfiblc , but that congraoufly as well as confequentially 
 to this , the Crown of Spain may be willing to ad¬ 
 mit of the ConjunStion^ Aid , and'Ajfifiance, of the 
 
 French in the Loan of their Land Forces, for the 
 
 comparing. Ends on the Continent 0 /Europe, which 
 neither We nor the Dutch will find our Intertfiand 
 Benefit in. However , if what I have fiid and ar¬ 
 gued in the enfning Sheets, be pertinently adapted 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 mo the Queltion that is Debated, and demonflm- 
 tive of the Legality and Juftice of the Fad, which / 
 have efponfcd the defending of ; the Scots will there¬ 
 by be not only Vindicated from the Clamours that 
 have been rais'd againfl them for what they have 
 done ; but they will be alfo cover'd from afperjions 
 for the future of aBing invafively upon the Rights, 
 and from king injurious to any, (hou'd they on the 
 fuppofition of having abandon'd that Place, and the 
 renouncing of all thoughts of re-efiablijhing themfelves 
 again in it, apply their utmoft Efforts and Endea¬ 
 vours to the obtaining a Settlement in fame other 
 American Territory, where nothing elfe can be ob- 
 jeBed againfl their Liberty and Right of Planting, 
 than what having been alledged againfl their Sitting 
 down on the Ifthrnus of Darien, will be found to be 
 impartially examin'd, and abundantly refuted, and 
 that with an exaB obfervance of all the Rules of 
 Mode fly, Decency, and good Manners, wherein 
 the Author of the Defence of the Scots Settle¬ 
 ment at Darien is faid to have been deficient. 
 Adieu- 
 
 The Errata king hut few, and fuch as an) Reader mi) 
 both difeern and coned ; the Author hath not thought it 
 needful to make a Collection of them< 
 
 The 
 
f; 
 
 (O 
 
 Ybe Applications/'^ Scots to 
 FOREIGN TRADE, 
 Commended and. Incouraged : 
 
 And their lute Attempt to have Setled at 
 ■ Darien , fully Vindicated/^; all that hath 
 
 hem Excepted againjt it, 
 
 T HE Humane Race being the alone and 
 the oniy Rank and Species of the 
 whole Sublunary Creation , that is fur- 
 nilhed and endowed with IntelleBnal 
 Faculties and Corporeal Organs, by 
 which they ftand adapted and qualified for a 
 Mutual Communication of their feveral and re- 
 fpective Conceptions and Thoughts •, and thereup¬ 
 on thro’ their very Frame and Confutation ren- 
 dred Sociable with, and under ail Deficiencies, 
 Exigencies and Infirmities affiftant and re- 
 . lieful unto one an other. The great and wife 
 Creator, who hath produc'd them, enrich'd and a- 
 domed them with thofe advantages, and who so- 
 verneth them in proportion to ihmNantral apti¬ 
 tudes and capacities, hath confeqtientially there¬ 
 unto, not only made feverai^&, Offices and Per¬ 
 formances, to be, by his engraven, and by his rf- 
 veded Laws, the indifpenfible Duties of men 
 towards each other j and that both as they 
 Hand' confidered individually and apart, and as 
 'hey become afifembled, and united into, and do 
 B conlfi-; 
 
(a) 
 
 conflitnte Societies: but he hath alfo in his ad¬ 
 mirable Wifdom, fo Formed this Terraqueous 
 Globe, aild the whole Elementary lVorld,tbat by 
 means of the variety and difference of Natural, 
 and Artificial produ&ions, in fuitablenefs to the 
 diltinftion and diverlity of Climates and Territo¬ 
 ries^ there Ihonld be as well a kind of mtjfity 
 impoled upon, as an incouragemcnt given unto 
 all Nations fox the cultivating and promoting a 
 Correfpoudence together. 
 
 And tho’ the chief and great Endsvt hich the 
 Univerfal and Sovereign Ruler deligneth, thro’ 
 and by the means of an Inter mafic between and 
 among!! people of all Nations, and_ which ac¬ 
 cordingly he makes the purfuing of, to be the 
 principal part of our Ditty, be exceedingly Diffe¬ 
 rent from, and are incomparably more Noble, and 
 Sublime as well as more Snbficrvicnt, both to his 
 own Glo;y, and to the mutual Benefits, which 
 ihould beProfecuted,and are attainable, by a free 
 and unlimited Corrcfipondence , than thofe, which 
 the generality of men,do mainly propofe,and ul¬ 
 timately acquiefce in •, Yet we arc not in our de¬ 
 fires and endeavours after Communication and 
 Commerce with others, fo precluded from 
 
 Acli-ag under the ProfipcEt and Influence of Secu¬ 
 lar Advantages, in Subordination to higher aims 
 and Attainments j but that it is both Lawful 
 in it felf, and may be Expedient, with refpecl 
 to the Safety and Profperity of thofe-Regions, 
 and Dominions, and political Communities, 
 where we are brought forth, do inhabit, and 
 into which we arc Incorporated, to feek, and 
 purfiie fuc’n an acquilition of Opulency and 
 wealth thereby, as may as well advance the re- 
 fpeftive Nations and Societies unto which we 
 
(?) 
 
 belong, above the Contempt, and prove Service¬ 
 able to the covering them from the Infults of 
 Neighbouring Kingdoms and States, as recom- 
 pence and reward the Labours, hazards and e.v- 
 pences of thofe, who do either pcrfonally, or 
 otherwife engage, aflbciate and venture in the 
 beginning, promoting'and defending a Cone- 
 Jpondenceand Commerce of this Nature. 
 
 For tho’ there have been, and Fill are here 
 and there, a few that being formed cx meliore 
 lm and who thro’ having fometliing diflin- 
 guilhing and lingular in their mt clank\d Frame, 
 Or thro’the being imbued with more exalted, 
 and generous Principles cither of Nature or of 
 Grace, then it is the Lot and Portion of many 
 anywhere to be, have upon Pbilofopbical or up-' 
 on Religious motives , become Travellers, and 
 Voyagers into far dilfant and remote Coun¬ 
 tries yet as the ends under the view, and for 
 the comparing whereof, they have heretofore 
 undergone, and do hitherto fubjeft tliernfelves 
 to the" toil, colt and dangers, which unavoid¬ 
 ably attend and accompany Inch undertakings, 
 are either too fpeculativc,and too much ahflracV 
 ed from things and matters, that ailed our 
 Senfes, and are beneficent, and gratifying to 
 the Animal life \ or are of too elevated, fpiri- 
 tual and Celcftial a Nature andConlideration, 
 to make an impreflion upon, and to byafs and 
 govern any Large Number of thofe of great 
 Political' Bodies, and National Societies \ So 
 the Embarking thereinto, upon the forementi- 
 oned Angle inducements and profpefts, by fome 
 Individuals, whofe either natural Genius, or 
 their improvements in Divine Knowledge, and 
 the 'being fumiikd with more Chriituu zeal, 
 B 2 and 
 
( 4 ) 
 
 and Supernatural grace, than moll; have arrived 
 unto, or are under the power of, does neither 
 amount nor bear proportion to the Notion and 
 Idea, which an Vniverfal Conefpondence between 
 and amongft thofe of all Regions fignifieth and 
 imports. Nor will it anfwer the Exigencies 
 and Necclfities, which the People of every Na¬ 
 tion are lefs or more under, of having their 
 Superfluities Exported and of gaining thofe 
 things to be Imported, which they do either 
 wholly, or to very prejudicial Meafures and De¬ 
 grees, want and Hand in need of. 
 
 So that it is not more obvious, than it may 
 be eaflly accounted for, how a Comfy,mdence of 
 this or that State or Kingdom, with other Na¬ 
 tions and Dominions, efpecially when farfrdi- 
 ftant, and widely disjoyned from each other, 
 comes to be fo little minded and practifed, 
 five in order unto, conjunttion with, and in 
 Subferviency to Traffick and Mercantile Com¬ 
 merce. Nor do remarkable Numbers of any 
 people much love to Travel, or commonly do, 
 out of their own Native Regions and Terri¬ 
 tories, tho’ but into Neighbouring and adjoyn- 
 ing Provinces, which may be effected with great 
 Safety, and at little expence, unlefs upon views 
 either of Subfilting better there, than they did 
 at home, or of qualifying themfelvcs thro’an 
 acquilition of Arts and Sciences, or by the pro¬ 
 curing Treafure, and Wealth,.by means where- 
 - of, they may afterwards make a better Figure, 
 and live more comfortably and opulently in 
 their own Countries, than they were otherwife 
 likely to have done. 
 
 And whofoever alloweth himfelf liberty, and 
 vouchlafedi to take the pains, of obferving the 
 pre- 
 
<o 
 
 prefentSwfc and Balance of Europe, with the va¬ 
 rious and different conditions of the fevcral 
 Territories, Jurisdictions and Dominions thereof, 
 will foon difcern and underftand, why every 
 People whofe Country lies fituated, and whofe 
 either Soil or Induftry may fmnifh them with 
 Materials for Trade, fhould account it their ln- 
 terejl and make it the Scope and Defign of their 
 Skill and Labour, to cultivate and fur fin Naviga¬ 
 tion and Foreign T >■aff.ck■, feeing the great Ad¬ 
 vantage, whether with refpect to Power or to 
 Wealth, which this or that European Country 
 and Nation have above and beyond others, is 
 moftiy, if mot altogether, owing and afcribable 
 unto the extent and meafurc or their Naviga¬ 
 tion and TrajJicL For as it is principally this ■ 
 that attrafteth and draweth large fwarms of 
 Induftrions people to Countries and Territories, 
 where the Natives and fuch as did Inhabit there 
 before, were but few; fo in proportion to the 
 encrcafe of people, and their application to 
 Commerce, there do necelfarily eufue Enlarge¬ 
 ment of Agriculture, Augmentation of Manu- 
 
 fadhire, the venting of Natural as well as of 
 Artificial productions, and thereby a growth iu 
 Wealth and Treafure, and confequently there¬ 
 unto, ail advancement in the value and price of 
 Lands. 
 
 But becaufe the main defign, as well as the 
 neceflary brevity of this Difcourfe, will not 
 allow place nor room, for the arguing of this 
 according to the worth, and importance of 
 the Subject,I fliali therefore choofe at once, both 
 to prove and to illuftrate it from and by un- 
 controulable matter of F,.B. Nor have we .occa- 
 fion to go far for a convincing In dance and 
 B a , EvL- 
 
(6 ) 
 
 Evidence of it: Forafnmcli as we need no other 
 demonllrntion of the many Benefits that Natu¬ 
 rally l'diilt from Trade, than to conilder how 
 our Neighbours, the .7ter/*, arc hereby become 
 Populous, Wealthy and Vom,fttl. It being appa¬ 
 rent, beyond poflibility of being rationally de¬ 
 nied, or contradicted, that notwithlhuding the. 
 Unhcalthfulnefs of their Air, the Brackifh- 
 nefs of their Waters,the Badnefs of their Ports, 
 the Scarcity of their Natural Productions, the 
 Narrownefs of their Territories, and the vail 
 E.xpence^ which they are indifpeulibly obliged 
 unto, for the covering and defending themfelvcs, 
 and their Country from the Inundations of the 
 Sea ■, yet that upon the motive and encourage¬ 
 ment of the Profits and Advantages ariiing by 
 Trade, they have drawn many of the moft La» 
 borious and Ingenious people of all Neighbour¬ 
 ing Countries into their Provinces fo that from, 
 a icanty number of Original Natives, and pri¬ 
 mitive M.-'ibitiwu, they are incrcafcd into inch 
 a Multitude, that no Nation without Traffic!:, 
 and that is confined to there narrow dimenlions 
 of Lands and Territories, maketh an approach 
 unto, and much lefs cqualleth. And all thefe by 
 accruements fromNavigation andCommerce, are 
 not only by renfon of their Riches andWcal t!i,be¬ 
 come the objefts of the envy of fuch as live abort 
 tbcnij but the Heads, Governor.) s and Supreame 
 Ka.hrs of that Repubiick, are rifen from Poor 
 Weak Supplicant and Deipifed States, to the 
 making of India Figure in the World, that ful¬ 
 ly and amply anfwereth the Lofty Title, which 
 theyjiavc afltimed unto themfelves, of High 
 &a& Mighty. 
 
 No; 
 
( 7 ) 
 
 Nor is it unworthy of remark, that the 
 Engli{h, whofe Genius difpofeth and inclinedi 
 them, 2nd whofe Situation, Ports , Natural Pro- 
 duEHom, and Manufa&ures, give them incompara- 
 blcAdvantagesforForeignTr^fiandCommerce, 
 beyond what the Hollanders , with rcfpcft to all 
 and every one of thefe recited particulars are 
 pofleflcd of, and furnithed with, and that the faid 
 Englijh have for above a Century of Years apply- 
 ecfthemfelves unto Trade, with Indufiry, Zfcal, 
 and Succcfs, beyond what moll of their Euro¬ 
 pean Neighbours can pretend to have done 
 yet even They are greatly exceeded by thcDureh 
 (allowing for the dimenlions of their Territo¬ 
 ries) both in Number of People, and in the Opu- 
 lency of Private Dealers, as well as of their. 
 States. And this meetly by a more intcafe, 
 and Umverjetl Cultivation of Comment', and bv the 
 Wife conduct of their Government in the ma¬ 
 king the Export and Import of their Goods, and 
 Commodities Moderate and Eaf y, under all the 
 Exigencies and Neceflities of the State, and a 
 proportionable Impolition upon, and Exaction 
 from the Subject. For whereas the Patch (as 
 is well olderved by. that Excellent and 
 Sagacious Author ofauEJfiy upon ways Cfl-O 1 
 and Means) having in all their Provin- 
 ces only about Eight Millions of Arcs, do bulks' 
 entertain, employ, and comfortably Sub- Trade. p. 37 
 lift near three Millions of People, yet 
 England notwithftanding all the forementioned 
 Advantages, for Trajfck beyond and above them, 
 and its having in Land more than Thirty Niue 
 Millions of Aires, is not reckoned to have above 
 5 ;.v Milhous of People, which upon a balance, and 
 an adjultment of our extent of Ground and 
 B 4 • theirs 
 
( 8 ) 
 
 theirs, makes them to exceed us more than 
 in a Moyety of Inhabitants. 
 
 And as. they have in the vertue of, Milts 
 
 from, and natural Confequences upon there ap¬ 
 plication unto,- and Cultivation of Trade, at¬ 
 tained unto a Naval ftrength, which makes 
 them Sitper'tour in Marine Power to molt Nations , 
 and Rival Competitors .with all for the Sovereign¬ 
 ty of the Seas; fo they are grown able thro’ the 
 Trtafirre , which they have acquired by Trajfick 
 and Commerce, to procure, raife,and multer , fitch 
 Numerous Forces, out of dilfant, as well as out 
 of adjoyning Countries (where the want and 
 poverty not only of Subjects, but of Princes 
 rempteth the Latter upon the baite and bribe 
 ofPenfions, to grant and afford them what pro¬ 
 portion of Troops they do require, and com- 
 pelleth the former upon the hopes of a Pay, 
 that will hardly yield them Food, to be willing, 
 and ready to ferve under their Banner) as 
 thereby to be in a Condition to undertake, 
 carry on, and manage both Ofcnftve and IV- 
 faifive Wars againlt the greateft Potentate?, 
 and the Powerfulleft Nations in Europe , For 
 as it is with great Judgment, and an accurate re¬ 
 gard toTrutigobferved by the moll Ingenious Au¬ 
 thor of an Effiay, upon waics and means, that no 
 Sums dug out of Mines, hear any proportion with 
 what may he made to rife, by the Labour and Traf¬ 
 fic}: of a Trading and Indttjlrious people : So it 
 js no lefs Morally and Politically certain, than 
 any Problem in Euclid is Mathematically, that in 
 proportion to the Riches and Treafures which 
 a people is poffeffed of, they may be powerful 
 (it they pleafe) by Land as well as by Sea. 
 Whereas fuch Nations, who do either becaufe 
 
( 9 ) 
 
 . of their diftance from Navigable Waters ftani 
 '.Incapacitated and Difabled for all Maritime Traf- 
 
 kclt, or who by reafon of their Cankfncfs, and 
 fSloth , do not Apply themfelves unto it, with that 
 ^nduftry which they fhould, are notwithlfond- 
 "ing their larger, as well as their equal extent of 
 T mitories , with them whom we have mention’d, 
 
 : not only unable to fupport and fuftain a full 
 'complement of People, in proportion to the 
 ’dimeniions of their Land, but tho’ poflibly 
 
 • through the Lavgenefs of th§ir Ground, they be 
 
 ■ overftockt with Inhabitants, beyond what Lome 
 
 ■ Trading Countries arc, neverthelefs they are un- 
 
 • capable of Maintaining even a Land War (efpeci- 
 ally if it be ofleniive) for fo long a time, and 
 with fo much Reputation and Honour, as a 
 Kingdom or State addicted unto Trajfick and 
 Commerce , are experimentally found to be in a 
 condition to do. Wheroof 1 need not allign Pi¬ 
 ttances, there being feverai large Dominions, 
 and coniiderablc Republicks in Europe , which 
 are undeniable and convincing proofs of it, 
 and particularly even Germ. m, as well as 
 SmzjrrLmd ; who notwithftanding their great 
 Numbers both of Men and of Difciplined 
 Troops, and their inclination unto, and 13fa¬ 
 vour in War* yet thro’ their being ftraitned and 
 fcanted in Money, which is a Natural and una¬ 
 voidable ConfccjHcme of their Want of T>■ ajfiek , 
 they are neither in a condition to bring fiich 
 Numerous Armies into the Field, nor for any 
 long time to Maintain them there , as fitch Nai- - 
 ons who are ftored with Treafure, as the 
 j'efult effeft and produce of Trade, caiily may 
 and often do. 
 
( 10 ) 
 
 But that which in a moil; efpecial manner, 
 
 Ihould awaken and oblige every Nation, that 
 lies Situated , and is provided with Neceflaries 
 and conveniencics for TiWe, to undertake, cul¬ 
 tivate and promote it, is ferioufly to weigh 
 and confider, what our Neighbours who have 
 commodious Torts for Navigation, and Natural 
 and Artificial Vrod.uttions , to be both the Source 
 Original and Foundation, arid the Nerves and 
 Supports of it, have been of late ancl are flill 
 indultrioufly doing. Namely that the acquiii- 
 tionand enlargement of Trade, is the great Stu¬ 
 dy and endeavours of moll Princes and States, 
 the adjacency of whole Territories to the Sea, 
 the growth of their Soil, and the Manufa¬ 
 ctures of their Subjects do in any mcafurc make 
 it practicable, and give hopes offuccecding and 
 profpering in it. Particularly that Powerful 
 and wife A anarch o i France, no lefs to his 
 own Glory than the Benefit of his Dominions , 
 makes it the chief bulinefs of his Royal care and 
 Authority, to encourage advance and protect; 
 it. Tho’ of all Potentates and people wliatfo- 
 cv'cr, the French King and his SnljcHs are in 
 the belt condition to fublift comfortably with¬ 
 out it. And that by reafon of their enjoying not 
 only within thcmfelvcs and at borne, all thhirrs 
 that are abfolutely Neccfary and Rcc^ifltc for 
 the pleafurc, as well as for'the Suflentation of 
 life, bntbecaufe of their having fo many and 
 Inch Kaluablc Superfluities , which others do Ex¬ 
 port from them, for which they do both furnilh 
 them in way of Exchange, with thole few con¬ 
 veniences, they do want, and do enrich them 
 with Treafure, by paying them in Gold and 
 Silver,for moll part of the Goods andCommodi- 
 
ties that they purclmfe of, and import into their 
 
 own Countries from them. 
 
 And indeed what that Prince, hath effefted 
 and done within the compajs of a. few years, and 
 the narrow Circle of his own Reign, in the en¬ 
 couraging and promoting Mmufaehtres at Home, 
 the extending and enlarging fraffck into all 
 Coimtrie'-, rho’ at never fo great a diftancc 
 Abroad, nor., icii (landing the Natural averfion, 
 as well as the long contracted indifpofition of 
 his people ihuvtiiico, thro’ Humour, Genius and 
 Cultom, and hi; bavin/ railed and furnilhed 
 himfdf uidi a N.ivJ Power, which for Num¬ 
 ber and Strength of Ships, is not only in a Con¬ 
 dition ro protect his Commerce, and defend his 
 Kingdom up,milt Invallonsby 5c,? -, buttodif- 
 pute the very Dominion of the Ocean with 
 thole, who have long laid claim unto, and ho¬ 
 norably maintained it; I fay that the great en¬ 
 couragement which he hath given, and the ftu- 
 pendious advancement that he hath made in all 
 thefc, do cloath and adorn him with greater 
 Honour while he liverh, and will tranfmit his 
 Name hereafter ro Poltcrity, with a moredaz- 
 ling Lullre and Splendour, than either all his 
 Victories and Couquclts heretofore, or his late 
 fuftaining fo long a War, without any con- 
 iiderable Mortification and difgrace to himfelij 
 or momentous prejudice or damage to his 
 People. And whofoever will give themlelves 
 leave to think, and are withal qualified to pene¬ 
 trate into the Springs, Reafons, and proper 
 caufes of Matters and Affairs of this nature, will 
 ealily find and perceive, that there is nothing 
 has fo much laid the Foundation of his vait 
 Power and Strength of Military Forces at Laud, 
 
 . and 
 
(**) 
 
 and ef his Ability to maintain and fupport them, 
 without either their Deferring or their Mutiny¬ 
 ing thro’ want of Food, Rayment and Pay - 
 and of all the Succefles which he hath attain’d 
 unto by means of their Bravour and Difcipline, 
 as his Manufactures at home, and his Commerce 
 abroad have done, from and by which molt of 
 that great Wealth and Trerfurc hath flowed in 
 to him, in the Vertue whereof thefc things 
 became practicable and have been accom- 
 plifhed. 
 
 For I do reckon there is nothing more de- 
 monftrable, than that the French King is chiefly 
 indebted to the Profits and Emoluments, which 
 have arifen by Mann fafturc and Trade, for all 
 that during the late War he hath been enabled 
 to do both offeniively and defenfively. And 
 while others do amule and triflingly employ 
 thcmfelvcs, and impertinently and ufelefsly 
 fquander away their time, in loading their 
 Memories with naked and infignificant accounts 
 and Manor,-s of the Military Fafts of that Mo- 
 '<'mrch , and of thole Confederated againft him, 
 which were traniactcd here and there, during 
 the late bloody expeniive and tedious War: L 
 am not alhamed to declare my felf one, who 
 am rather willing to enquire into, reprefent and 
 to recommend, the Springs,Originals and Foun¬ 
 dations, upon which that Potentate was in a 
 condition to fupport and manage fo long a 
 War, with fo much Reputation to himfclf, and 
 lafety to his Territories and People. And I do 
 prefume to affirm, that the main Sources and 
 fundamental means hereof, were his former ac- 
 quilition of Wealth, and a continued acceffiou 
 and accruement of new T .x.flnre by Mamflo.ttnre 
 
(I?)' 
 
 snd Trade. It being thereby alone, that h 
 large a Quota and Portion of the Gold and Sil¬ 
 ver dug out of the Spanifl. > Mines of America, 
 and of what of the former is gathered in Africa, 
 hath either by Ihorter and more expeditious 
 fteps, or after longer and wider llrides flowed 
 into France, and thereupon in the Courfe of 
 Circulation there, hath come at lalt to be fo 
 plentifully lodged in that Princes Exchequer . So 
 that it is into Trade and the produB thereof, that 
 we are principally to refolve the French Kings 
 having been not only able during the laft War, 
 to cover and protect himfelf from dishonour, 
 and his Kingdom from Ravage and Impoverifh- 
 nient, by the irruption of the Troops of the 
 Allies into his Provinces, their dellrudion of 
 his Cicies and Towns, or the pillaging of his 
 Subjects to a meafure and degree, that counter¬ 
 vailed the attempting, and executing any thing 
 of that kind; but his having been victorious in 
 feveral Battles, fuccefsful in the Conqueft of di- 
 versftrong Holds andFcrtifyed places,that were 
 thought by fome to be impregnable ; and the 
 rendring himfelf Mailer of large and rich Pro¬ 
 vinces, whofe Situation and Remotenefs, were 
 thought Sufficient to have covered them, from 
 being infulted, and much more to have made it 
 impoffible to have fubdued them, and all this a- 
 gainlt fuch a plurality of Confederate Allies , 
 and the greateft, ftrongeft, moll numerous and 
 bell difeiplined united Forces that were ever 
 known in this part of the World, to have ce¬ 
 mented and Joyned againlt One Prince and Angle 
 Kingdom. 
 
 Now I have the more particularly mentioned 
 this, not that any Ihould thereby be provoked 
 to 
 
v (14) 
 
 to complain 6f, or to blame that Monarch be-' 
 caufe of his employing his Princely folicitude 
 for, and cxercifwg his Royal Authority over his 
 People, in commanding as well as encouraging 
 their application unto Mawtfaflntrc *id Trade t, 
 but that his example may be both a Pattern and 
 a motive unto every Nation to enter upon, and, 
 to purfuc the fame ways and methods, that is 
 any wife qualified for, and capable of doing it. 
 And efpcdally that they would engage therein 
 with zeal and Induftry, unto whom upon the 
 advantages, which will redound and accrue to 
 him, thro’ his Subjects improving in Manufa¬ 
 ctures, and in the enlargement and encreafc of 
 their Traffick,hemayby reafon of his Neigh¬ 
 bourhood become hereafter a more dreadful E- 
 nemy than ever he yet was. For tho’ neither 
 our unealinefSjUpon the aforementioned Account 
 for the prefent, nor our too Juft fears of what 
 may overtake and befall us in time to come, 
 can Juftify either our being offended with, 
 or our fpeaking undeccntly of the French King, 
 but will only betray and difeover our Folly, 
 111 nature and want of Breeding •, yet it will 
 both become theWifdom, and prove the In- 
 tereft of the People of England, whom He is a- 
 bout Rivalling ill Commerce , as well as in Naval 
 Ihength , to make it more their care and en- 
 dc ivours to exceed him in each of thofe. And 
 it is and will be every day more and more 
 the great concern of the Scwj, to emulate and 
 imitate him in thefe particulars, as far and as 
 much as they can. And were He at prefent in 
 actual Hoflility with us,as who knows how foon 
 he may be, yet fas eft ab bofte doccri , it is both 
 Lawful and commendable to fubmitto learn of 
 an 
 
( IS ) 
 
 an Enemy, and to fufTer our felves to be taught 
 by him. 
 
 Nor can it Jultly adminiRrer offence to any 
 honeft and prudent Englilhman, if I take the 
 Liberty hereupon to lubjoyn in a few words, 
 that the more the French do cultivate and pro¬ 
 mote Manufacture and Trafjick , for which nei¬ 
 ther his M.ijcfty nor the Parliament of England 
 can righteoully quarrel with them, nor can at¬ 
 tempt to dilhn b, or toobftruct them in their 
 Commerce without fome previous Infraction on 
 their part of the 1 Treaty of Rcswick : The more 
 it Ihould be the Primely care of the King of 
 Great Britain , and the fedulous and prudenti¬ 
 al Study and endeavour of an English Parliament 
 and People, that the Scots, who being under the 
 fame Prince, that they are, and thereupon fo 
 Confederated and linked together, as to have 
 the fame Friends and Enemies, may both have 
 the Advice, Councel, and Countenance of Eng¬ 
 land, to encourage them unto, and the Aid and 
 Affiftance of their Trcafure, and Strength and 
 Power to uphold and protect them in Trade. 
 For feeing Traffic k is the Spring and Fountain of 
 Wealth, and that Nations encrcafe in Riches in 
 proportion to the Kind and Degrees of their 
 Manufacture, and the Quality and Extent of 
 their Commerce -, It naturally followed! that it 
 is'both the Interclt and Duty of thefe Kingdoms 
 mutually to further, and fupporr. one another, 
 ‘who being Subjects under one and the fame So¬ 
 vereign, are knit and united together by a ftron- 
 ger Cement, and by more firm and indiflolublc 
 Tyes, than Countries under diltind and diffe¬ 
 rent Princes, arc capable of being made by Alli¬ 
 ances and Leagues, how publickly foever con- 
 
oo 
 
 traded and ftipulated, and folemnly ratified and 
 confirmed. Nor will it I fuppofe be denyed, 
 but that according to the Share which England 
 and Scotland fliall acquire and obtain of the 
 Trade of the World, the Left will fall to the 
 Portion of the French , and the Lefs vent they 
 will have, as well every where for their own 
 Natural and Artificial productions, as for what 
 they do Import from Foreign and remote pla¬ 
 tes. 
 
 Nor can it be reafonably contradi&ed, but 
 that ScctiWhath been expos’d and ftood liable 
 to many Inconveniences and Prejudices by it’s ha¬ 
 ving fo long and greatly negleded Manufacture 
 and Trade, as it hath imprudently and fupine T 
 ]y done. And had not they of that Nation", 
 given undeniable proofs in divers other ways 
 and Initances of their being a Sagacious and 
 Wife, and a Laborious and Induftrious peo¬ 
 ple fuch of fome other Kingdoms who affurne 
 a great Licentioufnefs in rallying upon the de¬ 
 feats and imperfeftions of thofe of other Coun¬ 
 tries, than their own, might as Juftly refleft 
 upon the LazJnefs of the Scots, and their defici¬ 
 ency in Prudence, and good Settee, as they do with 
 infolence and unmannerlinefs enough, upbraid 
 them with their Poverty. But as this is 
 a very tender Subject, I fliall handle it with 
 fuch gentlenefs, that none of the Kingdom of 
 Scotland, fliall have caufe to be offended: For as 
 much as my only defign herein is. to reprefent* 
 the Benefits which will arife to tliem, by their 
 prefent undertaking, and to commend their en¬ 
 gaging, as well as to encourage their perfe- 
 vering in it, but not to relied with any Se¬ 
 verity upon their omiflions heretofore in this 
 matter, And 
 
( *7 ) 
 
 And I fuppofe it will be readily ackupw- 
 Icgcd, by all Men that are capable of thinking 
 accurately, and to ufefi.il purpofes, that it is not 
 the Largoiefs of-7 nrhory, that makes a Country 
 Strong and Porc-crf but the great and plentiful 
 Number of People, and confcquently that the 
 ncglcdting of fiich means and Methods, as would 
 be effectual motives to prevail upon inch a; are 
 Bora and Bred in a Nation to continue in it, 
 or to go no where kit'm pi ofpedh ftl; and id 
 Subfcrviency unto the prolpemy of their Na¬ 
 tive Land, muft unavoidably caufe a Nation 
 to lie Weak, notwithftanding the va.fi Multi¬ 
 tudes, that may have been Born, and for Lome 
 years brought up in it-, which I prcfiimc wifi 
 be confcded to have been hitherto the cafe 
 of the Kingdom of Scotland , in that fo large 
 Numbers of people of great Ingenuity of mind, 
 and of bodily ftrength and agility, equal tothofc 
 of any Country about them, have through the 
 difficulties they were under of living comrbita- 
 blyathome, which proceeded from Neglect and 
 want of MamfitSLre andlm./cgbecn Ncceffitatcd, 
 as well as Tempted, to feek their Fortunes, and 
 to endeavour to gain a livelyhood cifewhere. 
 
 Whercunto may be added, That as it is not 
 .meetly becaufe of the having a great Number of 
 People, that a Nation is rendred Prolpcrous and 
 Happy, but thro’the having them merrily em¬ 
 ployed, which it is impombic they Ihonld be, 
 without Mauu.j'.'.clirrc and T<■.$«!•, and tnereforc 
 that where there is none or very lialc Trade, 
 a Nation is even made Obnoxious, and doth be- 
 •comc liable to Calamities and Dcfolatinns, by 
 the greater CmfUmra and Number ic hath of 
 liihab't.vui. seeing m inch years as are not 
 C Sea- 
 
C 18) 
 
 Scafonable for Grain, wherein that of the Poet 
 obtains of Spcm mentita feges , the Com doth not 
 r.nftvcr the hope and expectation of the Husbandman j 
 The greater that thzNnmbcr of the People is, they 
 imiil be fubjeetthe more toFb>»/'»c,andMultitudes 
 of them expofed to Starve. Whereof there needs 
 no other proof, than what that Country hath 
 for tlicfc two or three laft years afforded us. 
 For tho 7 it is by veafon of Trade, being become 
 morcdiiflifcd and univerlal in the World, than 
 it Anciently was, by means whereof the Indi¬ 
 gency of one Country, isfupplyed out of the 
 Abundance and Plenty of another, that Famines 
 of late Ages are neither fo frequent nor fo Fa¬ 
 tal as of Old they tiled to be yet in proporti¬ 
 on to the Scarcity and Want that there is of 
 Money in any Nation, which mull neccflarily be 
 anftvcrablc to the littlenefs of their Manufa¬ 
 ctures, and the meannefs of their Commerce, Fa¬ 
 mines will both tall out the oftner there, and 
 prove the more deftructive. Seeing by the feme 
 reafon, that the Poor in any Country, are in a 
 time of fcarcity more Obnoxious to Starving, 
 than fuch as arc Rich: A Nation that is Nccefli- 
 tom mull be more expofed and fubjcct to Fa¬ 
 mines and to Devaftations by them, than King- 
 domes and Provinces which are Wealthy and 
 Opulent Hand liable unto. 
 
 Yea where Trade is not encouraged and pro¬ 
 moted, even Jgriathurc it fclf will be much 
 neglected, tho 7 it be the chief, if not the on¬ 
 ly means, whereby the Inhabitants do SubliH. 
 Becaufe that as thro 7 the Scarcity of Money, and 
 the Poverty thereunto annexed, which as I 
 have often intimated, will always both accom¬ 
 pany, and be proportionable to the want of 
 Mann- 
 
( J 9 ) 
 
 Manufacture and Commerce, there will nc-ver 
 be a fnfficicnt Complement of People to Cultivate 
 all the Ground, that is capable of being Ma¬ 
 nured, but that much of it mult be left Barren: 
 So the price of Grain and of Fatted Cattle-, be¬ 
 ing generally in proportion to the Wealth, and 
 Treafure that a Nation is poflefled of, the Rates 
 of thofe will run too low, for Husbandmen to 
 be encouraged and enabled, to make Inch im¬ 
 provements even of their Agricnlnd Lands, as 
 they might by Expence upon them be brought 
 unto. Which brief hint and fuggeftion, I do 
 leave and referr unto the confidcration of thofe 
 who do live in Scotland, who mult know better 
 than I pretend to do, how little their belt 
 Lands are improved to what they are capa¬ 
 ble of being, and how much Ground doth 
 lie wholly barren, by reafon of the want of a 
 fnfficicnt Number of People, and of die defi¬ 
 ciency in Riches of thofe the Nation is llockt. 
 with, to take it in and cultivate it. 
 
 Whereas it is obvious what great enlarge¬ 
 ments are made in the Agriculture, and Pai'tu- 
 rage of England beyond what formerly was, 
 and to what high Prizes in comparifon of that 
 which they bore before, Com and Cattle are 
 advanced, ilnee the Application of the linglijh to 
 Trade. Nor is it to be doubted, but that as they 
 extend their Traffic!:, and become thereby far¬ 
 ther enriched, there will be a proportionable 
 progrefs made in the talcing in and rendring 
 thofe Lands fertile which remain hitherto Bar¬ 
 ren,and in the egereafe of the Price of thofe which 
 are already cultivated. Nor may it beanuls un¬ 
 der this head further to reprefent, that it is be- 
 caufe of the- Scots having neuleded Manufa- 
 C * “ fttrt 
 
( 20 ) 
 
 chirc au&Trade, that the general Rental of that 
 Kingdom, and the Value of Lands when Far¬ 
 med , are even for the Dmienfton of Territory and 
 Ground , fo much Difproportionable unto,and be¬ 
 low what they are in England and Holland. Nor 
 can any Mathematical proportion be more evi¬ 
 dent and certain, upon the indubitable princi¬ 
 ples of that Science, than- it is fare and un- 
 qucfcionable both from Moral Arguments and 
 F.xfirience, that the current Worth of Land to 
 be Let will be always according to the Me afire 
 of Mw.failure and Trade, and in proportion 
 to the Riches which a Nation by that means be¬ 
 comes poflefled of. In confirmation whereof, 
 it may not be unfeafonable to take notice, how 
 that anfwerably to England's enlarging its Ma- 
 mfaBnrc , and extending its Trade, the value of 
 Lands hath in equality thereunto gradually rifen 
 and fwelled. So that from Twelve years purchafe, 
 which was the highdt that Land went at about 
 the middle of Queen ElTwctlh Reign, when 
 this Nation began firft to apply it felf confide- 
 rably toCommcrceja was rifen and advanced fomc 
 time ago to Twenty Tears Purchafe,and in feveral 
 places of the Kingdom to more. For as 
 theAdmirableA'rW of an Effay on Ways 
 peolk 'timers 'in tit an dMeans doth moft pertinentlyobfcrve, 
 Bililccoj Trade. " and confidently affirm, That there are 
 p. 77. undeniable reafotis to be given , that the mu¬ 
 
 ral Rental of England did not in the year 
 1600 exceed Six Millions per annum, but that 
 thro ’ the keif of that Wealth, which bad flowed into 
 the Kingdom by Foreign Trade, it had rifen before 
 the commencement of the late War, to Fourteen 
 Millions Yearly ; So none will have the Effronte¬ 
 ry togainfay, but that the Rental of Emlmd, 
 
was the year 1600 greatly encreafed beyond, 
 what it had been about half a Century before. 
 Which the more it is ferioufly weighed, and 
 duly pondred by the Nobility and Gentry of 
 Scotland, it will not only both Juftihe their 
 Wifdotn in procuring an Jcl of Pari;ament, 
 for Tr.iJ.hig to Africa and the Indies, and in 
 their haying joyned fo freely, and contributed 
 fo Liberally, for the forming a Stock, and rai¬ 
 ling a Treafure, that may be fufficient as well 
 to Uphold, and Promote as to Begin it, but 
 it may alfo animate their Zeal, and raife their 
 Courage for the Maintaining and Preceding 
 of it. 
 
 But to fliut up this particular, it is to be 
 aferibed to the neglect of Tutde, and their 
 falling below their Neighbours in Riches and 
 ‘Treafure, which is the Natural eiTeft of that 
 Omiffion, that Scotland is not only fo weak as 
 it is in a Naval Strength , iiotwithftanding the 
 variety, goodnefs and conveaiency of its Ports, 
 for the Ocean and Mediterranean , as well as for 
 the Narrow Seas , and the BaJ.tick , but that the 
 Nation doth make fo mean and inconiiderable 
 a Figure in E:.roj>c , and that the Scots Nobility 
 and Gentry, who for their Natural and acqui¬ 
 red accompliihmcnts do equal molt of any 
 Country that are of their Rank and Quality, 
 and who for Bravour are Univerfally acknow¬ 
 ledged to Come behind few or none, are never- 
 thelefs fo little Valued and Carcfled by Princes, 
 and in Courts, by whom and where perfoas 
 are chiefly elteemed, according to their weight 
 in the balance of an Exchequer, and in propor¬ 
 tion to their Rental and Capital. 
 
(;0 
 
 Put tec KhgJcm of Scotland being at lalt 
 Wiling and deiirous to redeem it felf from 
 the 0/pltyand T\cpo,icl^w nto which it hath 
 jo long flood expofed among its Neighbours, 
 tor the having either thro’ Supinenefs orPiide, 
 neglected the promoting and purfuing’ Mmi- 
 f ill rye and Trade, and being now Embarked in 
 an Undertaking, that will relieve that Nation 
 again!!:, and relu'e it from the Inconvcnicndes 
 and Damages, which have enfued upon, and 
 accompanied their Omijjlou of Comment it may 
 not be here improper to reprefent in a few 
 words the fcveral advantages that Scotland is 
 poflefied of, and doth enjoy in equality with 
 moll Countries, and above divers, for its be¬ 
 ing qualified and enabled to fuccccd and pro- 
 fper in this DcUgn. tor the main and great 
 things that are Antecedently necdfull, and pre- 
 iequired, hi order to a peoples engaging in 
 Manufacture at home, and Commerce abroad, 
 being large Numbers of Men and Women, and 
 a Soil producing 'variety and plenty of ufe- 
 full Commodities, and convenient Ports for the 
 Exportation of their own Commodities, and the 
 Importation of fuch goods from Foreign parts, 
 as they fhall have either occalion to confumea- 
 mongtt themfelves, or which by carrying them 
 forth again, they can difpofc of and vend clfe 
 where} there arc few Nations in Europe , that 
 are better furmlhcd and accommodated with 
 all thofe. advantages, helps and Succours than 
 Scotland is. Seeing hefides its having divers 
 Harbours , and thofe both fife and convenient¬ 
 ly Situated, for Sailing to and from the Pa¬ 
 ttern, Southern and Wefiern parts of the 
 World i It hath likewile diverfe Natural Pro- 
 dull ions , 
 
( 23 ) 
 
 Jt'liions, and may have a fuflicient plenty of 
 Artificial, to give an Original unto, and be 
 
 both a Fumckiicuml Nour.jlimn for Trade : 
 
 Nor will any deny but that it actually doth, 
 or may at lcaft fpeedily fo abound with Peo¬ 
 ple, as to yield and afford hands enough for 
 Alauu fail arc and Traffick 
 
 For tho 1 I do acknowledge, that Gold and 
 Silver with which the Scc-rs , may probably be but 
 indifferently and fcantily furniflied (whereofne- 
 vcrthelcfs they may in time by this means ac¬ 
 quire more) be the meafure of Trade; yet 
 nothing is more certain, than that the Natural 
 and Artificial Pmh.-fls of a Country are the 
 Spritg and Source of if, and that the Nerves 
 and Sinews thereof are a Mnhiplii i,y of Hams 
 properly and induitrioufly employed. And with 
 thefc Scotland doth fo abound, that many have 
 not only been, and Hill arc thro’ want of bu- 
 Jincfs and labour wherennto to apply them- 
 felvcs, an ulelds and a grievous Burthen to 
 their Native Country: but great Numbers 
 have by their NeceOities bcea'couftraiacd ei¬ 
 ther to Tranfport thcmfelves into the Colonies 
 and Plantations of other Nations, or to ferve 
 Foreign Princes and States in the Wars, which 
 they have been carrying on againft one ano¬ 
 ther, in neither of which ways, hath any Bene¬ 
 fit accrued to the Kingdom of Scotland , nor is 
 it poOible that it iliouid, unlcfs now and then 
 cafually and by accident. But thofe Colonies, 
 where they have planted, do carry away and 
 engrofs the Gains of their Induftry: And the 
 Potentates under whofe Banners they bear 
 Arms, do reap the Glory of their Bfavour, 
 and do become poflelied of thofe acquilitions 
 
( H) 
 
 of Town', and Provinces, which they mirciiafe 
 at the cxpcnce oir their Blood and Lives, 
 
 And may I be permitted, without giving of¬ 
 fence, to add, That thro’ the latter of thefe 
 Methods, Scotland hath had .the Misfortune, to 
 have more Thoufonds of lofty and valiant Men 
 kill'd and dcltroy’d in Wars, wherein that King¬ 
 dom had no National concern, than if they had 
 been employ’d in the gentle and peaceable Arts 
 of j\Lw.:ifdbrc and Trade, would have been 
 fmTicicnt to have render’d it a powerful and 
 opulent Nation. Yea, fnch has been the guilt, 
 as well as the unliappinefs, of thole, who thro’ 
 want of BulineL, to give them a Stibfiftcncc 
 and Livelihood at Home, have betaken them- 
 felves to the carrying Arms under Foreign Ru¬ 
 lers and Potentates j that they have not only 
 been 11 cqucntly engag’d in the killing of others, 
 and expos’d to be kill’d themfelvcs, when and 
 where the alone caufe of the War, hath too 
 ofren been meerly, either the Covetoufnefs, 
 Pride and Ambition of the Aggreflors, or the 
 Fraudulencies, and Injufticcs of the Aggraded; 
 Pur, that to the difgracc of the Chriftinn Reli¬ 
 gion, and the infamy of their Country, they 
 have, many times, in Oppoiitc and HoitileBri¬ 
 gades and Battalions, been found Encountring 
 and SLutghtring one another. So that for the 
 obviating, preventing, and avoiding, that Cri¬ 
 minal and Reproachful Courfe for the future, 
 if upon no other Frofpects and Motives, that 
 Kingdom ought to apply it felt more to Mnms- 
 ftcitirc and Trade than it hath hitherto done. 
 
 For which that Nation hands not only ex¬ 
 ceedingly adapted, by reafon both of the Saga¬ 
 city of their jXohiliy and Highr Gentry , for tii; 
 
 tlilcerning 
 
05 ) 
 
 difceming and adviflug unto Means,. Ways, 
 and Methods., for the encouraging, encreahng, 
 and maintaining thereof; and of the Mercan¬ 
 tile Knowledge, Skill, and Artifice, of thofe of 
 the Middle Rank, For adjufting, conducting, ■ 
 and managing, as well what is to b zFabrichA at 
 Home , as what is to be chiefly Regarded and Cul¬ 
 tivated abroad: But efpecially, becaufe of its 
 having, with refpect to the Number of its Peo¬ 
 ple, a vafter Prof onion of thofe that are of the 
 Poorer and Inferiors Sort, than fome other Coun¬ 
 tries are furniflfd with. Nor is any thing 
 more dcmonftrable, than that a multiplicity of 
 Nobiiity and Gentry, without a very large Num¬ 
 ber of Commonalty, and of fuch as arc Ncccjfitous 
 and Indigent to very conlidcrable meafures and 
 degrees, is rather an Orjlmcliou unto, than a 
 Furtherance of Mam:failure and Comment. See¬ 
 ing tho’the former may afiilt towards the find¬ 
 ing and fupplying the Materials, and can alone 
 afford and advance the Treafure that is necellary 
 to the Managing, Upholding, and the Enlarg¬ 
 ing of both ■, yet it is they of the latter kind that 
 do mainly afford the Hands, by whofe Toyl, 
 Labour, and lnduftry, the Production of the 
 Waters is gain cl, tile growth of the Laid is Fa- 
 bricked am ALrmfaclnr'd-, and whatfoever Com¬ 
 modities Colonies and Plantations are capable of 
 yielding , come to be acquir’d and improv’d. .’For 
 as it is confeis’d by all, who do exercife their 
 Thoughts in and about Speculations of this kind, 
 that Multitudes of Pcciflc are the moll valuable 
 Trcafurc, as well as the greateft Strength of a 
 Country: So it is infallibly certain, that the Tca- 
 fants and ordinary Sort, and fuch as are reckon'd 
 for the Mobbmd Commonalty, provided they be 
 uuiverfally 
 
( 26 ) 
 
 imiverfally and fully, employ’d, and their Lai 
 bonr and Indufhy pertinently and ufefully ap- 
 ply’d, are as ferviccable to the Interefl of a 
 Community and Republic, and as contributary 
 to the making a Country Opulent and Weal¬ 
 thy, as thofeare of any Rank and Quality vvhat- 
 joever, if not confiderably more. And the 
 more any Nation is over-flock'd with Poor, it be¬ 
 comes the more fignally tiic Intcrcft of that So-;'? 
 or Kingdom to cultivate Ma.nu.fallure and Track., 
 thefe being the only means of rendring fuch 
 Readable to the Common-wealth, who mult 
 otherwife be unavoidably Eurtbcnfomc. And as 
 Scotland hath a large complement and lharc of 
 very mean and poor People, that may be made 
 (crviceble to the Fabrichng Good and Commo¬ 
 dities at Home,the Navigating Ships ofTraflkk. 
 railing a breed of Seamen for Fleets of Men of 
 Wav, and for the Planting of Colonies abroad, 
 and the winning, extracting, and improving 
 the productions of thofc Lands and Countries, 
 whither they are carry’d, and where they are 
 fct’led: So the Scots Pea.fimtry are accuftom’d 
 to a Frugal and Parfimoniotts way of Living ; to 
 which thofc of Lome Neighbouring Nations, are 
 not, without great difficulty, to be brought, 
 nor hardly able to bear; which is a farther and a 
 confiderable reafon, why Scotland Ihould pro¬ 
 ceed and perfevere in the fettling and maintai¬ 
 ning a Foreign Plantation. Nor are they only 
 difpos’d,as well as capable of living both health¬ 
 fully and contentedly upon Viands and Allow¬ 
 ances, that would reduce thofc of fomc other 
 Countries , who are as mean as they arc, and born 
 as much upon the Flat, to a weak and languilh- 
 ing, if not to a ftarving Condition j but they are 
 
( 2 7 \ 
 
 by the fixe and fabrick of tlicir Bodies, the 
 Nimblcnefs and Agility^ of their Limb, and 
 the Natural acutenefs of their Undcrliandings, 
 as capable of biHngLaboriotisJnclnfi; Unsand In¬ 
 genious, in wliatlbera' they are put upon, and 
 made apply and additt themfelves unto, as 
 fiich of any other Country are. 
 
 Finally their great inclination to Marry, be- 
 caul'e of their Narrow and Frugal way of Li¬ 
 ving, and their prolificalncfs, and aptitude for 
 Generation, and thereupon, their acciiftomed- 
 •rels to.. Fnci'e.;fc and Multiply, thro’ the par- 
 fiinonious manner, of their Subiiiling beyond 
 what is mini in nidi Countries, gives another 
 encouragement, as well as adminifters a further 
 Inducement-, why the Scon flionkl remain Hea¬ 
 dy and unchangablc, in their Dciign and Un¬ 
 dertaking, of cllablifliiug Foreign Colonics-. See¬ 
 ing they will upon that account, and byreafon 
 thereof, become the Sooner FccfUd, without 
 drawing too many Swarms from the Hive at 
 home. Of this their needs no ether Proof, 
 than barely to obferve, bow the Soots in Inh,u\ 
 from a very inconlklerable Number, that fettled 
 there not long ago,arcMultlplicd to a very great 
 and large body of People, whereof that King¬ 
 dom rcceiveth and enjoyctii a!! the Benefits 
 both in Power and otherwife • and the whole 
 that falleth to the Iharc of Scmirnd, is meerly 
 the Satisfaction and Credit, of having fo valt 
 a Colony of their Countrymen there. And by 
 this blelling and advantage of being more Pro- 
 lifica'I and Fertile, in theProcreating of Children, 
 than thofe of their ftraic and narrow circum- 
 ■Iduces, are any where elfe ; the Plantation of 
 ‘ -dor,ri in the IJilmts of Darien may in a few 
 Years, 
 
(28) 
 
 Years, become equal in Number of People, to 
 fomc other Colonies in that part of the World, 
 and Scotland may fecurely promife to it felf, 
 the efcaping of that Mifchief, which hath be¬ 
 fallen the Kingdom of Spain, in the being al- 
 molt Depopulated, by the Colonics which it hath 
 Planted in the Weft Indies. Yea, were there 
 not fo much in what I have intimated, as I do 
 believe there is, for the rendring them iuddenly 
 Populous, in any Plantation, which they fhall 
 eltahlilh in an entire dependence upon them- 
 felves, and cfpecially Subfcrvient and Condu¬ 
 cive to their own Benefit; yet they will find 
 enough to Trcmfpon and Tmiftphmt Yearly, into 
 their Plantations without Braining their 
 Country of its Inhabitants, by mcerly Inviting 
 and Prevailing upon fuch to go thither, whofc 
 jiecefiities do either compel them to Travel 
 abroad, in order to be Soldiers and Servants, 
 in Foreign Countries and Plantations, or who 
 Hand reduced to pinching Wants, if not to be 
 Beggars at home \ which being iccondcd and 
 accompanied with a thrifty, temperate and 
 regular Conduft in their Colony , and with the 
 giving due encouragement, thro’ granting Li¬ 
 berty of Confcicnce ,as well as Secular Privileges 
 both in Scotland and there , to fuch ftrangers as 
 Hull come and fettle among them, thro’ the 
 want whereof Spain is become Difpeopled at 
 home, and their Plantations in America but 
 Slenderly ftockt with Inhabitants, they will not 
 only render the Calldonian Colony , fuddenly po¬ 
 pulous audFlouriihing, but they will draw more 
 people into Scotland it felf, than it now hath, 
 or can at any time hereafter, under all the ad¬ 
 vantages of Commerce an Traffic^ be well able 
 to 
 
( 29 ) 
 
 to bear. Whereof England as well as Holland , 
 are evident examples and_demonftrative Proofs, 
 being iince their refpeftive and feveral Plan¬ 
 tations, in the Faft apd Wcfi Indies, mightily 
 encreafed in the Number of their Inhabitants , 
 notwithftanding the vaft Shoals of People, that 
 have from year to year been Transplanted into 
 thole Colonics : For as the incomparable Author 
 of an Ffj'a y upon Ways and Means, doth allure 
 us that England [nice ihe year i6co, is iucreafed 
 in Humber of Inhabitants about 900000 Where¬ 
 of I may venture to fay the like of Holland in 
 proportion to the Dimcnfion of their Ter¬ 
 ritories : So it is undeniable, that within that 
 circle and compafs of time, diverfe of the 
 Englijh Plantations, came to be erefted and 
 cftablilhed, and that all of them, as well as thofe 
 of the Dutch, have iince that term of Years, 
 been enlarged, improved and become vaftly 
 more Peopled than they were before. 
 
 So that it appeareth, from the whole which 
 hath been hitherto faid, how much the Scots 
 have of late, difeovered their Wifdom and 
 Prudence, and how highly their care and zeal 
 are to be Commenced, in their having made an 
 Etlay, and a beginning for the encouragement 
 ' and enlargement of Manufacture at home, and 
 towards the erection and eltablifhmcnt of a Co¬ 
 lony abroad,and by that Foundation which they 
 have laid, for the fettlement and advancement 
 of Trade. And this unqucftionably they have 
 a plenary right to do, as they are a F, cs and 
 InJ.epcndant Nation, without asking the leave, 
 or demanding the concurrence of any Rulers 
 and- Countries whatfoever, provided they 
 be Countenanced and Amhorifed thereun- 
 
( 3 ° ) 
 
 to, by their own King 5 and that they do no¬ 
 thin? therein, which is inconliflent with the 
 Law; of Nations, nor attempt the fettling in 
 any P'.jtriUs or Provinces, from which they 
 ft’' n ; prohibited and excluded by publick and 
 foienm Stipulations , between him that now is 
 their Sovereign, or thofe that have been fo for¬ 
 merly,and other States, Princes, and Potentate's. 
 For that Scot!,aid depeudeth upon, or is a Pro¬ 
 vince Subordinate to any other Nation, and 
 SnbjcHcrl to the Ordinances, ConlHtutions and 
 Municipal Statutes thereof, I fuppofc none will 
 betray the Ignorance or have the Effrontery to 
 affirm. It being a Kingdom thutholdeth of none 
 Save of God, for their Title unto and Pof- 
 fcjfion of their Country, and of their own Swords, 
 under his providential Blclfing and Aid, for 
 the Maintaining and Defending of them. 
 
 Fortho’ there be a very near and dole Con¬ 
 junction and Union, between the Kingdoms of 
 En'jlmtd and Scotland , thro’ their being under 
 one and the fane King, rather than in the 
 virtue, and force of mutual Contracts and Alli¬ 
 ances:, which I do heartily with may always 
 continue, and that all the fecrct Caballings and 
 Clandcftinc endeavours of thofe, may prove a- 
 bortivc, unprofperous and milcarry, who ci¬ 
 ther from Ancient Piques, perlonal Morofc- 
 nefs, Envy, and ill Nature, or upon any other 
 Motives, Profpects and Ddigns whatfoever, 
 fliall feck to weaken, interrupt, and especially 
 to diffolve it. Yet England t \oth not Challenge 
 and lay Claim to the having any Jmbority 
 over Scotland, nor pretend to an lmpoling of 
 their own Laws upon that Nation, or to a 
 Superviling of fuch Parliamentary Pills as arc 
 pre’ 
 
prepared and formed there in order to the 
 being Enacted' into Statutes. But the Scots 
 avc abfolute within themfelvcs, and veiled with 
 a Power underived from any Nation, and in 
 the excrcifc whereof they are accountable unto 
 none, for the making of Laws, and falling up¬ 
 on, and purfuing all fitch Ways, Methods, and 
 Means, which are reconcilable with the Feal¬ 
 ty and Loyalty, which they owe unto their 
 Prince, that may be fubfervient and ufefull to 
 their own Safety and Intereil. And in Teftimo- 
 ny and Evidence of their being a Free St.u c, and a 
 Kingdom as entirely Independent upon Englamljs 
 upon any other Dominion whatfoevery they 
 both can, and do often lay what Cultoms 
 and Impoiltions they pleafe,upon Englijh Pro¬ 
 ductions and Commodities, when carried and 
 Imported thither, to be vended and difpofed. 
 of there. And by a Power Liber cut in ihemielves, 
 which England cannot reafonably difpute, nor 
 lawfully Controul: they fometimes do, and at 
 all times may, Inhibit and Forbid their own 
 People, the buying, uling, and confuming fuch 
 Goods as were either Manufactured in Engl mid y 
 or brought thither by the Engliftfcom theirPlan- 
 tations and Colonies clfcwhere. 
 
 And as in the Vcrtue of this independent. 
 Freedom, liberty, Previlcge and Right under 
 the Authority and Power of their Kings, they 
 have at all times made legal Provision tor 
 the Government of their People at home, and 
 purfued that little Trade, which they had 
 attained unto with fuch Nations abroad, as 
 were in Peace and Amity with their Princes, 
 without their being queftioned for, or diltur- 
 bed i.11 it by any, lave by thofe that were 
 
( ?2 ) 
 
 in Hoftility with their Sovereigns, and* that 
 only in Seafons of aftual War; fo they have 
 by a frefli Exertion of this innate Freedom, and 
 inherent and independant Right, lately contri¬ 
 ved and framed a Bill , which they have 
 obtained to be palled into an Aft, and a Lam, 
 r wherein the People and Subjects of that 
 a ComifTra- ^ 
 
 ding to Afriu and t,es Companies,, for the ejtabliflmetit 
 the ladies, fune 2 6. and. carrying on Trade, with whatfoever 
 1695. Nations and Countries, or Places in Alia, 
 
 Prmei tt Eden- Africa, or America, which are either not 
 Anderlon ani^r*- ^habited, or where they have the confent of 
 frlnul dt London, t>,}e Natives, and Inhabitants thereof.\ m- 
 iy John Whitlock, der the Limitation and. ReflriBion, that 
 
 fnch places are not Previoufly and Ante¬ 
 cedently poffffed by European Sovereigns , Potentates , 
 Princes and States. And moreover, that they 
 may pwide and fttmifl the faid Places, Cities 
 Towns and Forts, with Magazines, Ordinance, 
 Arms, Weapons, Ammunitions and flares of War, 
 and by force of Arms, defend their Trade, Navi¬ 
 gation, Colonies, Cities,Towns,,Forts, and Plantations, 
 and their other Effect;. As likewife, that it 
 
 flail be Lawful for them to make Reprifals, and to 
 feck ai:i take reparation of Damages done unto 
 them by Sea or Land, and to make and conclude 
 7 rentier ofPea.ce and Commerce with the Sovereign 
 Primes, Eflntes, Rulers, G ever roars, and Propri - 
 r tors of the laid Lands, }(lands,Countries or Plates 
 in Africa or America. 
 
 In relation to which Aft, for authoriling 
 the Scots to eftablifh a Fo-reign Trade , and 
 their being empowered to fettle Plantations in 
 the forementioned Pa ts of the World, in or¬ 
 der to the better gaining, enlarging, and pro¬ 
 ceeding 
 
(H> 
 
 teding of it, the few things which I have to 
 offer under this head, lhall be briefly theft. 
 Namely, That as-the Defign o.f EreEling fuch a 
 Trade, and of Planting Colonies in the Subfervicn- 
 cy, to. the Maintaining, Improving ana Exten¬ 
 ding thereof, was not raffilyand unthoughtfiilly 
 Undertaken by thofe of that Kingdom •, fo the 
 M by wiiichin purfuance of that Projection, 
 they ftand warranted to do whatfoever is be¬ 
 fore reported, was not furreptitioufly obtained 
 of his Majefty, nor was he by any undue Artifi¬ 
 ces mifled into the Granting of it. For how 
 much fqever that Nation , might be defirous to 
 have a Foreign Settlement , towards the better en¬ 
 abling them for fuch a Traffck , and notwith- 
 ftanding they fufficiently underftood it to be 
 their great and indifpenlible Intereft, to em¬ 
 bark Vigoroufly both ill ManafaBiire and Com¬ 
 merce, yet their unfucceisfulnefs heretofore in 
 fome attempts of that Nature, as particu¬ 
 larly in the Plantation of Carolina, which they held 
 of the Crown of England, antecedently to the 
 EngliJIi planting there, from which they became 
 expelled by the Spaniards, thro’ want of that 
 protection, and of thofe encouragements which 
 were neceflary to the having rendred them fafe 
 and Prolperous made them proceed flowly 
 and with great Calmnefs and Diicrction, in the 
 Forming, Digefting and Maturating what they 
 have at laft, after an adjufting of all that was 
 Prerequired thereunto, put in Execution. Nor 
 could the King be Surprized into the giving his 
 Royal j 4 ffent to the BUI for the premifed efta- 
 blilhmentfeeing, as they who ferved Ills Ma¬ 
 jefty at that time, under the Cbarathrs of Com. 
 mijfioner and Secretary of State, were perfons as 
 D entirely 
 
( 34 ) 
 
 entirely in his Intcrefl,and zealous for his Honour 
 and Glory, as ever any have been known to be 
 that filled thofe Polls3 fo there was an interpo- 
 jition of two Years, whereby the King had all 
 the time, an opportunity definable, for the 
 coniideration of the moll Important and Ardu¬ 
 ous Affair, in which he might have informed 
 and Satisfy’d himficlf of the Juftice and conve- 
 niency of what was laid before him, and hum¬ 
 bly defined of him, between the palling of the 
 3?. Aft of the Parliament, Anno 1693. which 
 invited and encouraged, perfions in general to 
 enter into Societies and Companies, for car¬ 
 rying on a Trade, in any or in all finch parts of 
 the World, as were not in Holtility with his 
 Majclly,and the enafting of that Statute, which 
 was the S Aft of the Parliament Amo 1695, 
 whereby that defign was Perfe&ed and Complca- 
 ted, thro’ a Companies becoming fettled by 
 Law, veiled with the Rights and Powers fore- 
 mentioned, and favoured with fuch immunities, 
 as were ncccllary to encourage fo hazardous and 
 expenlivc an Undertaking, as that was likely to 
 Lc, and will infallibly Prove. 
 
 And tho' the Grace and Goodnefs of his 
 Majclly, appear’d very eminently manifelted to 
 tha Scots therein, in vouchfafing to have gran¬ 
 ted them the privileges, That none ofthtir Stock 
 and Fffrfls, fail be liable unto any manner of Con- 
 fifciuiom , Seifitres , Forfeitures , Attachments , Ar- 
 refls , or Rcjlraints • that thy may Freight Outlan¬ 
 dish and hind Ships , for the [pace of ten Tears , 
 notmthftanding the Act for encouraging Shipping and 
 Navigation. Anno } 661. And that their Merchan¬ 
 ts the <//ce, goods and effects , fall be free from all manner 
 FiF of Rcjhainis and Prohibitions , and of all Cnftoms , 
 Taxes , 
 
• ( 35 ) 
 
 7 rfAW, Sips, Supplies or other Duties xmpofu /, A- 
 M be itnpofed by A 3 of Parliament, or otherwife, fa/ 
 sW fk _/pce of 21 years. As likewife, 
 
 77 m no Officer , Civil or Military , «• other perfoti 
 whatfoever within that Kingdom, jhall Imprcjs, En¬ 
 tertain, Stop or Detain, any of the Members, Officers 
 or Ser vants, or others whatfoever, of or belonging to 
 the fetid Company', And that all tbefe full be Free, 
 both in their Ter font, Eflates and Goods, employed in 
 thefaid Stock and Trade, from all manner of Taxes, 
 Sips, Supplies, Excifis, quartering of Sotddiers, 
 Iran feat or local,or levying of Sotddiers,or other Imposi¬ 
 tions whatfoever for and during the Ipace of 21 years. 
 Yen it niuft withal be acknowledged, that his 
 Mtijcfyy Wifdom and Juftice to all the World, 
 as well as to his Allies, and thofe that are his 
 own Subjects in his other Territories and 
 Dominions, are no lefs lingularly, confpicu- 
 oufly and abundantly difplayed, diro’ the Provi¬ 
 ding exprefsly and particularly in che laid ^< 7 , 
 that 110 Prince, Count)y,People,or Colony, flail be In¬ 
 vaded or Mole fled in what they are rightfully poffcf- 
 fed of, nor difeifed of their properties, or of what 
 they can lay Claim unto, by the Laws either of Na¬ 
 ture or Nations. Which fhews chat what his 
 Majefty did, in palling the A 3 , that hath been 
 fo often mentioned, was the refiilt of great 
 Judgment, and mature Deliberation. And who- 
 foever will but allow liimfelf time to read 
 and coniider it, will find liimfelf oblig'd to 
 confefs, that in no Projelliou whatfoever, to¬ 
 wards a fettlcment of that Nature, nor in any 
 Statutes or Edilts ena&ed and emitted, for the 
 authorizing and countenancing of diem, was 
 there ever Inch a regard had, and exprelfed to 
 the rights of Foreigners, or of Planters clfe- 
 D 7 where, 
 
( 36 ) 
 
 where, and of the Natives where that Colony 
 fhould come to fettle, as is done in the Scots AB 
 of Parliament. 
 
 Whereunto I will only further Subjoyn,that 
 the Scots have not only obtained an AB of 
 Parliament, F.mpowrng them to plant and fet¬ 
 tle Foreign Colonies wherefoever they can, 
 without doing Injuftice to the Natives, inva¬ 
 ding the Territories, and Diftricts of other 
 Princes, or their being injurious to previous 
 and antecedent Planters •, But they have likewife 
 procured a Vat cm under the great Seal of that. 
 Kingdom, whereby all and every thing or 
 things, granted to them in the faid AB, ftand 
 ratified and confirmed by a Fact and Deed, that 
 is Pcrfonally his Majcftfs own,in the molt diftin- 
 guifhing manner, and that by which he Spea¬ 
 kers moll Vnrctrachibly as well as Sovereignly to 
 his People. So that his Majejly being a Prince 
 eminent for his Veracity, and his Constancy to 
 his Royal Word, as well as for his Courage 
 Jultice and Honour, He hath made it impra¬ 
 cticable, without Sullying and Difparaging his 
 own Glorious Perfections, which ’tis Impofli- 
 ble he fhonld have the Weaknefs, Infirmity and 
 Imprudence to do, either to depart from,dif- 
 penfe with, or by a fubfequent relaxing Inter¬ 
 pretation, to Retract or Superfede what lie 
 hath granted unto his SubjeBs of Scotland , or 
 to avoid the Maintaining and Protecting them 
 in it. For tho’ divers Projefts, Propofals and 
 Matters, that are in thcmfelves very Juft 
 and Lawful, and which in their effefts and 
 confequcnccs would prove exceeding advanta¬ 
 geous and ufefull, may antecedently to their 
 f./tablijhmmt by Lm, and bv Royal Falls and 
 
( 11 ) 
 
 Grants be declined and waved, as well as pro- 
 craftinated and adjourned, upon the nicer foot 
 and the Angle motive of their being Inconveni¬ 
 ent , either thro’ the Offence or Jealonjie that may 
 thereby be adminiftred to Allies and Primes in 
 Amity ; Yet no publick and Solemn loLareto 
 be violated or Royal Charters and Patents , to be 
 Over-ruled, Tranfgrejfcd agaillft and Vacated upon 
 tiie Inducement, and becaufe fome Potentates 
 with whom his Majcfiy is in Leagues, and un¬ 
 der Stipulations and Compafts, may Ihew them- 
 felvcs Pcevijh, and become Groundlefsly and 
 Canfclcfsly Offended. For as all the Affairs that 
 fall under the Executive part of the Adminijlr,,- 
 tion , are Regulated either by Law or by Convc- 
 nicncy : and come to be coniidercd under the 
 Notion and Views, either of what may be clone 
 with Profit to our felves, and without iujuflice 
 to any, tho'' poflibly not without giving Provo¬ 
 cation unto divers, and the rendring them Dif- 
 contcntedj or what according to the tenour 
 and Obligation of Laws, and the Sa.credutfs of a 
 Princes Word declared and pledged in his CL:r- 
 wmnuR and ought to be done j So whatfbever 
 latitude is left and allowed in reference to 
 matters and things of the firflkind, for acting 
 according to the mcafures of civil Prudence, 
 and the rules of Politicks : Yet in relation to fudi 
 matters as are of the latter fort, there is no 
 room or place left to confult and deliberate 
 what is Fit to be done according to Topcks of 
 Convenience, Maxims of State, and politick 
 Theorems ■, but there ought to be a Confcieu- 
 tious obfcrvance and a Vigorous purfuancc of, 
 as well as a_ firm and unchangeable adherence 
 unto what is made Legal, and which by con- 
 D 3 fcquencc, 
 
( 3 * ) 
 
 lequence, when and where the cale is impor-r 
 rant, and the matter is of that concern and 
 value that the chiefeft Intereft of a Nation lies 
 in it, can neither be omitted nor difpenfed 
 with, without obnoxioufnefs to guilt, as well as 
 to clamour and blame. 
 
 Nor may it in the next place be unworthy of 
 being reprefented, with what Readinefs Unani¬ 
 mity and Zeal, the People of Scotland came into 
 this defign, of EreEHng Trade , and Efiablifbing 
 a Foreign Plantation upon the palling the fore- 
 mentroned Atl. For the Subfcriptioris in order 
 to the railing and conftituting a Fund, for the 
 fetling a Colony, and thereby for the promo¬ 
 ting of Traffick , for which they were allowed 
 by the API of Parliament, from the 16 of June 
 1695, untill the Firft of Augnfl 1 696, were 
 not only Filled, Compleated and Pr,felled, long 
 
 before the elapfe of the time that was prefixed 
 by the Statute But whereas it was provided, 
 that it lhould be held a fufficient Compliance, 
 with the defign and Tenour of that Lave, if 
 only half the Money that lhould be Subfcri- 
 bed towards the forming a Stock, did Belong unto, 
 and were the Proper Cajh of fuch as were Scots, 
 and did live within that Kingdom; it defer- 
 ■veth to be obferved, that the whole, hath 
 been Subfcribed , Advanced, and Paid in by fuch 
 sr: tie as are Scots, which is not only beyond what 
 Lift of .tk could have been expeded, but may juftly be- 
 ^“ ve ^ a ' get Admiration confidering what in that ln- 
 T priKtei C 'm trirr "> the y have been obliged to pay in Taxes 
 Edinb. * for the Maintenance of Troops : and what they 
 i6;6, have been neceffitated to carry abroad in fpecie , 
 of their Cajh for the purchaling grain , to live up¬ 
 on in thele late years of extraordinary Scarcity 
 find 
 
( J9 ) 
 
 and Dearth-, which, at the modelled: Computa¬ 
 tion, may be reckon’d to have exceeded Two 
 hundred thoufand pounds Sterling, 
 
 Nor are they meerly Perfons of the Middle 
 Rank, or of the Mercantile Order, that have 
 contributed and put in their Money for the 
 framing of a Bank in order to the foremcntiou’d 
 Ends; but they of d\\ Qualities and Degrees have, 
 with great liberality and cheerfulncfs, anfwera- 
 ble to their fcveral Titles and Figures , contri¬ 
 buted their (hares to- -that Capital ; and none 
 with greater Alacrity and in larger Proportions 
 than they of the Grand , as well as of the 
 Tetite NoUefs. For none of the greateft Perfons 
 of that Kingdom have had the Folly and Pride 
 to excufe and cover theinfelves from becoming 
 Adiflants to the founding and promoting of 
 T f ade, by pretending it a difparagementto their 
 Garters and Coronets , and below the lofty Stiles 
 that they have by Parchments, which give them 
 an afcendency above Gentlemen. Thefe days 
 of Vanity and Phantafticalnefs are over ; 
 and they of the Sublimtfi Rank do begin to go¬ 
 vern themfelvcs by principles of Reafon and 
 good Senfe, and by Maxims of Civil , Social , and 
 Oeconomical Wifdoin; and not by the airy, 
 whimlical and pernicious Notions of Haughtincfs 
 and Luxury. 
 
 Yea,even they of the Military order^have fuch 
 of them,as were in a condition thro’ having ac¬ 
 quir’d beyond a naked fubfiftence during thcWar, 
 readily fubferibed and paid in what they could, 
 and would have done it more plentifully, had they 
 receiv’d al] their Arrears; and fuch of that Tribe 
 as were only Subordinate-Officers , or private Centi- 
 ffc/r,vvhoare now reduc’d or disbanded,thatcould 
 D 4 .nor 
 
( 4 ® ) 
 
 not bring in Oolh'oA Silver to the encreafing of 
 phe Fund and the augmenting of the Capital ■, yet 
 they hare with great forwardnefs offer’d their 
 Bodies and their cold Iron to the Corporation 
 and Company, for the protefting of their Traf- 
 fick, and the defending of their Plantation a- 
 gainfl all fuc.li as ffiall become their Enemies and 
 Aflailants. And how dangerous foever Men of 
 that Predicament may be to their Country, when 
 kept i;i too great Numbers regimented at home; 
 mid how altogether ufelefs they are unto it, 
 while they bear Arms under Foreign Princes 
 and States abroad; yet they are as capable as 
 any other whatfoever of being fcrviceablc and 
 profitable thereunto,when employ’d in the Ways 
 and Methods to which many of them luve be¬ 
 gun to betake thcmfelvcs. Of whom it will be 
 no preemption nor vilionary Dream to add, 
 That as they do account their Wages, Salaries, 
 and Pay, to be their Eftates; fo they reckon 
 their Swouls and Mufquets to be their Title 
 iiiiLo it. 
 
 In brief, there are few Perfons, Families, or 
 Orders of Men, tlut are of any Conlidcration 
 or Ellceiii, bm: who are become afTociatal, uni¬ 
 ted,- and confederated, in this Project, Entcr- 
 prife, and Ddign. How much diftant or diffe¬ 
 rent loei-er Perfons are, cither in their Religions 
 or their Political Principles, yet herein they do 
 all of them amicably agree and combine: Nei¬ 
 ther the Bigotry of the Frcslyicrians, nor the re- 
 lentmcnts of thole of the Dioccfm Pcrfwallon, 
 for the unkind and ill treatment, they have met 
 with, do in this make any variance or difeord 
 between them; but herein- the Wolf and the 
 Lamb do tamely meet together, and the Leo- 
 
( 4i ) 
 
 pai d and Kid do peaceably aflemble as in one 
 Field. Nor dociiofepreat Animoiitics, or late 
 Hoftilitics, wlm.h have been between one ano¬ 
 ther, about Rights and Claims to t he Soveraign 
 Authority, and the Royal Jnriiclicton, occafion 
 any mifuiiderllanding or oppofite Sentiments in 
 this, but both the Jacobites and the IVilliamites 
 do (licw thcmlelvcs equally and alike concern’d 
 in the promoting ol a National 1 'rade, and the 
 feeling of a Foreign Colony. And, which is 
 of very material eonfideration, it deferves to 
 be obferv’d, That bcfidcs what fcvcral Perfons 
 have in their private Capacities Subfcribed to¬ 
 wards that Capital, not only molt of all the 
 Corporations, but the Royal Burroughs of the 
 Kingdom, have become lharers therein, and 
 contributed liberally thereunto, out of tlicir 
 Public Revenues. 
 
 From all which I may, with great fafety, as 
 well as with decency and modefty, venture to 
 lay open and infer, how Mortifying, JflUcHvc 
 and Grievous it will he to that whole Nation, 
 to be difionrrgd and fritjlmc.i of Pmc'dion from 
 the King, of whom purfuant to the Ji! and Pa¬ 
 tent which he hath granted them, they expected 
 to be countenanc’d, animated and detended. 
 Nor dare they entertain fuch difrefpeclful and 
 undutiful thoughts of His Majcfiy, as the Pro - 
 i l.mt.nlutis emitted by His Governors over the Btg- 
 !ijh Weji-India Plantations might feem to give oc- 
 ciliou and umbrage for. Seeing as they have 
 not, by tlicir fctling at Darien, invaded the 
 Te>ritorie< of any European Prince or State what- 
 foever, nor luve been injurious to the Natives, 
 in Planting iliac without their allowance and con- 
 lent, not in any one particular or circumftancc, 
 have 
 
( 42 ) 
 
 have exceeded the Limits and Regulations pre- 
 fcrib’d unto them by the AH of Parliament , and 
 the King’s Charter , as (hall be fully and uncon- 
 troulably demonftrated in what is to follow: So 
 they have a more engraven and firm belief of 
 His Majefty’s Mercy and Juftice, than to give 
 liberty unto themfelves to think, that His Ma- 
 
 jefty’s Subjects in the IVcft-India Plantations , de¬ 
 pending upon, and fubordinate to England , 
 (hould by an Order, Command, and Authority 
 from the King, be charged and required to hold 
 no Corrcfpondcnce with the Scots, in their Colony at 
 Darien; nor to give them any ajfiftance with Arms, 
 Ammunitions, Provifions or any thing elfe whatfoever. 
 For as much as this is not only incosfiftent with, 
 and irreconcilable to his Majefty's Goodnefs, 
 Wifdoin and Righteoufhefs; but directly repug¬ 
 nant to the exprefs Words, Terms and Claufes 
 of the forementioned Statute j by and wherein 
 liis Majelly royally and folemnly promifeth. If 
 any of the Ships, Goods, Merchandize, Perfons, or 
 other Effects whatjotver, belonging to the Scots Corn- 
 par, y^ trading to Africa and the Indies, fttall be ftopt, 
 detained, embezled, or taken away, or in any fort 
 prejudiced or damnified y that he will interpofe his 
 Authority to have Rcftitution, Reparation , and Satis- 
 f.Elion made for the damage done, and that upon the 
 publici charge, which his Majefly jhall caufefdisburfe 
 and lay out for that t fell. So that thro’ what 
 arts, and what means Ibever, thefe Proclamations 
 are come to be emitted and publilhed: Yet the 
 Scots neither do, will, nor can entertain any o- 
 ther thoughts of his Majefly , than that he will 
 carefully and powerfully cover and protect 
 them, inftead of abandoning , them to the rage 
 and power of fuch as may become their Ene¬ 
 mies, 
 
(4?) 
 
 mies, without the giving them aid, fuccour 
 and affiftance. And in place of giving room 
 to any fuch fmifhous opinion, as if either his 
 Majefty could be indifferent, or meanly con¬ 
 cerned, in countenancing df that Nation in aii 
 Affair of fo great an importance, and that is 
 fo eminently fublervient to the profperity and 
 happinefs of that Kingdom, or become alienated 
 and disinclined from upholding and defending 
 them in the pofTeffion of their Plantation of 
 Darien, they are tempted to give credit to a 
 paflage in the Paris Gazette the firft of Anguft, 
 1699. Namely. On avoit avis , aid on envoys dcs 
 erdres auxComandant s dc toutes Its Colonies Angloifes 
 de V Arneriquc, d' ajjiftcr P EJiojfois dP Arien dc 
 tout lenr poiivoir , commc tftnnt fujecls du mefme mal- 
 jlre. That the King hath fait Orders , to the Govir. 
 nours of the EngliTh Plantations in America to 
 ajftft'tke Scots at Darien, with all their Power , they 
 ■ being no lefs his .Subjects than they are. 
 
 Nor can it be unmannerly or unlawful to add, 
 that it is of the laft: danger to a Prince, to ad- 
 minifter caufe and occafion to a whole Kingdom, 
 to grow eftranged iu their alfedions unto him, 
 and to depart. from their zeal for his fervice. 
 And it may with confidence be affirmed that 
 his Majefly\ treating the Scots in this manner, 
 either unkindly, or unfuitably to the hopes 
 wherewith they have' ted tliemfclvcs, is like 
 to have thofe effects and operations upon the 
 hearts and minds of molt of that people. ’Tis 
 abundantly difeovered in Hiftovies how it hath 
 often proved' unlucky and of ill confcquence tp 
 Sovereigns, to have difobliged and difpleafed 
 the generality of a Nation, tho’ but in a trifle, 
 and that it hath been very ratal unto them, to 
 
( 44 ) 
 
 di {countenance and thwart their Subjects in 
 that wherein they placed their fecular Glory, 
 and their temporal Happinefs. Nor have the 
 Ties and Obligations upon the confcicncc of 
 .SnbjeBs , been at all times found fufficiently 
 powerful, to prefervethem in difeharge of Du¬ 
 ties of exact Fealty and Loyalty; but thefe 
 bonds have been eafily broken, and dilfolved, 
 when ground hath been given, for the thinking 
 and believing, that their wbrldly Interefb hath 
 not only been neglected, but oppofed and facri- 
 ficccl 1 And it is in vain for a Prince to rely 
 upon his Pcrfonal merits, or to trull to his own 
 Confucminnfncfs, of what lie hath done in deli¬ 
 vering a People from former diltrefles: Seeing 
 thefe will be found to afford him a very weak 
 and [lender fecurity, againlt the ungrateful and 
 ill nacured refentments of a people, that fliall 
 account themfelves abandoned, or croffed in 
 what their prefent Genius, Humour and Biafs, 
 do nniverfally, fway, carry and determine them 
 unto. 
 
 Nor is it credible that his Majefty who is 
 a Prince of great Wifdom and Jultice, would 
 have order’d thofej who Govern under him, 
 and by his Authority,in the Weft-Indies , to emitt 
 and publifh fuch Proclamations, without his 
 vouchlafing to have it told and reprefented to 
 the perfon Conflitutcd by himfelf, for his Scots 
 Secretary, and who is Relidcnt at his Court un¬ 
 der that Character; feeing as that would have 
 imported fuch a Contempt, as well as a Neglect, 
 of his Kingdom of Scotland, that none without 
 rendring themfelves Criminal, can conceive his 
 Majefty capable of being milled into it, fo it is 
 fufficiently obvious to all thinking men, what 
 
 the 
 
■ ( 45 ) 
 
 the Scots Secretary hath made himfelf obnoxious 
 unto, if in cafe of his being made acquainted 
 with it, he did not difcharge the duty incum¬ 
 bent upon him by his Toft, both towards his 
 Majefty in endeavouring to divert him from run¬ 
 ning into fuch meafures and in his informing 
 thofe of Scotland (to whom he will defervedly 
 find himfelfaccountable,)with it, whofe concern 
 it was to have it prevented. Yea it is fo incon- 
 fiftent with all' the rules of Prudence and Ju- 
 ftice, as well as of Honour, that nothing in 
 Bon Qnixot, or Amadisde Gentle can be more 
 Romantick, than that his Majefty fhould fome 
 Months after the Orders muft have been trans¬ 
 mitted to the Weft-Indies , for enjoyning and 
 and authorizing the forementioned Proclamati¬ 
 ons, have Commanded die Lord Preftdent of 
 the Scftons , and my Lord Advocate to come from 
 Scotland and attend him at his Palace here, in 
 order to fatisfy him of the Legality of the 
 Scots proceedure, had he been confcious in him- 
 felf, of having Empowred the Englilh Secretary 
 Mr. Vernon , to convey fuch Inftruftions to the 
 governing Magiftrates in the Englilh Plantati¬ 
 ons, as the Papers emitted there under the Ti¬ 
 tle of Proclamations , would perfwade us they are 
 warranted by and bottomed upon. 
 
 Nor in the cafe which I have now under 
 confideration, will the Scots reckon that their 
 Loyalty to his Majefty , and their Zed for his 
 intcreft and Service, were either eftccmcd or re¬ 
 warded, as they flatter’d themfclves they fhould 
 have been .• For their having not only furnilhed 
 him, with fo many and fuch brave Troops, 
 during the War, and for their preferring fnovv 
 meerly to pleafe and gratify him) fuch a Num- 
 
( 46 ). 
 
 ber on Foot and in Pay, and that notwith- 
 ftanding both the Poverty of the Country, and 
 the great Scarcity that for divers years it hath 
 groaned under, when their Neighbours have 
 not in proportion to their extent of Territories, 
 and of their Opulency, thought fit to continue 
 near theQuota of Forces, which they have done* 
 but efpecially becaufe of their having,, fo readi¬ 
 ly at firfl: Decid ed him their King, when the bare 
 delaying, and the demurring only unto it for 
 a little time,would have gained them fuch Conccf 
 fmu from the People of England, that would have 
 made their looking after a Plantation of their 
 own Ncedlefs, or at the leafthave brought them 
 
 into that Conjunction, with the Englijh Nation , 
 as would have engaged the whole ftrength 
 of that Powerful, and Wealthy Kingdom, for 
 their defence and fupport in the Colony, which 
 they have begun to fettle. j 
 
 Nor can it be undecent or immodeft to! 
 add, that the Protecting them in this under¬ 
 taking, is the rather expected from his Ma- 
 jefiy , leaft otherwife they fhould have occalion 
 to complain of the Prejudice, they have recei¬ 
 ved by the Revolution, with refpeft to their 
 Trade, inftead of reaping the advantages which 
 they had thereby promifed themfelves, in that as 
 well as in other things. It being known to 
 diverfe, that a propofal and Plan having by 
 fome Scots men been laid before King James , 
 for the obtaining his Authority, as well as his 
 countenance, for their fetling a Commerce in 
 Africa and the Indies , how kindly he not only 
 received it, but with what both goodnefs and 
 readinefs, he referred the confideration of it 
 to my Lord Middleton , my Lord Melfird , 
 
( 47 ) 
 
 Mr. Venn and Mr. Berkley , that upon their 
 opinion of the Juftice and Equity of it, (who 
 were all known to be , entire favourers thereof) 
 He might by his Royal Charter and Patent, 
 have empowered the Scots , to have proceeded 
 in the Eltablifhing of it} and which nothing 
 could have obftrutted, had not the Acceflion 
 of his Majefty, who was then Prince of Orange, 
 into England, at that time intervened. 
 
 But to proceed unto that which doth in the 
 courfe of Method, next offer it felf to be laid 
 open and Difcourfed of, namely the Situation , 
 Nature and Conveniency of the Place, where the 
 Scots have pitched their Tents, and are about 
 eftablilhing there Plantations , which is called 
 the Ifthmiis of Darien , and is a Country very 
 fit and proper for that purpofe, as well becaufe 
 ofthe Ricbnefs of the Soil,as by reafonof its Situa¬ 
 tion forTrade.lt is the.Narroweft part of America, 
 and lieth between theAVt/jer»and Southern,or the 
 Jtlmtick and Pacifick Oceans , and is Juftly called 
 an Jfibmits , as comprehending where it is broa- 
 defb not above two degrees, (viz..) between eight 
 and ten N. L. and where it is narrowed: about 
 but one degree. And it is in all probability 
 ftiled the Jfhhmtts of Darien , from the great 
 River of that name, where with the Northern 
 coaft is bounded to the Eafi. For beyond that 
 River on the North fide , the land doth fo fpread 
 to the Eafi and the North-Eafi , and on the 
 South fide , to the South and Somb-Eafi , that it 
 can no farther be called an IJihmus : But as to 
 the narrowed; part of this American Iftimus , 
 which as I have faid, doth not extend above 
 one degree, upon which the Scots have Set led 
 their Colony, and have appointed that the Coun¬ 
 try 
 
( 4 «) 
 
 try (hall hereafter be called talidonia, and that 
 tbcmfclves , Succejfors and Afiociates, {hall be ftiled 
 J«AVa- by the Title of Calidonians: Wafer doth aflign 
 foi Kfi® f or j ts Wtflmi limits, from the Mouth of the 
 defcriptkn Rivcr ® ia Z rr -> where it falls into the North Sea , 
 tj skjfil- to the ncareft part of the South Sea Wefiward 
 K„scf i\- of Panama ; and for its Eaftern boundaries, from 
 
 ir.r:ica.; . point Gdrachma, or the South part of the Culph 
 
 45 ‘ of St. Michael, dire&ly Eaftward, to the fore- 
 mentioned River Darien : And all do know, 
 tImc it is circumfcribed, limited and bounded, 
 on the North and South, by the two valt Oceans 
 that are fo. Denominated. And as to the par¬ 
 ticular place, where the Scots have pitched their 
 Terns and raifed Fortifications , it is upon a Har- 
 hoirr , called by the Spaniards Acla, and by the 
 Natives Sthcana, and is one of the moft Df* 
 fenfil’lc Ports of the World, and is Situated a- 
 bout two Leagues from the Golden Ifland, ailed 
 by the Spaniards Guar da, which as it is not fur¬ 
 ther Difianced from the South Sea , than what 
 any man may Travel in nr o or three Days, and 
 which the Natives can do in one : So it lieth 
 in a Nearnefs of Eight or Nine Leagues , both 
 to the River Darien and Conception , upon which 
 Roots may go to the Southern Ocean. And as the 
 weather in the place, and on all hands where 
 the Sms are fetled is exceeding temperate, 
 being much the fame that is in other places 
 Oi the Torrid Zone of that Latitude , but inclin¬ 
 ing rather, as W.tfc-- lays, to che wet extreme, 
 the Rains beginning ufuaiiy ia April or May , and 
 continuing more or lei's to the latter end of 
 Attgnfi, but with intermixtures even then of 
 fair and el>y d r\s for a week togetherSo that 
 the Country, is healthful beyond what was com¬ 
 monly 
 
( 49 ) 
 
 monly believed, or could have been imagined 
 unlefs experienced. And tho’ the Artificial 
 productions of the Diltrict and Territory be 
 few byreafonof the doth and unskilfulncfs of 
 the Natives to cultivate the Land, and to im¬ 
 prove andfabrick what it yields, yet the ground 
 is unconceivably fertile znA rich, and might by 
 being well Manured and Jgriculted , afford both 
 as great Variety and as great Plenty, for the 
 comfort and pleafure, as well as for the Ne- 
 ceflities of Life, , as any Land in whatfoever 
 part of the World doth. However the Natu¬ 
 ral Produtthms, and what it fpontaneoully yields, 
 as materials of, and commodities for Trade, 
 and to enrich fuch as are, or lhall become en¬ 
 gaged and Interefled in the Traffick, are divers 
 and great, both in the variety of kinds, and 
 in the Plenty and Quality of them. For be- 
 lides its being ftored with all forts of MW, 
 
 S r for Building and Wainfcotting , and par¬ 
 ly with Cedar, it hath alfo abundance 
 of white wood , fit for Cabinets, and Interlaying, 
 and which is more than all the other, It 'is 
 likewife plentifully furniflicd with Logwood, 
 which the Engliflt do now cut upon the Bay of 
 Hnndem , not without being expofed to great 
 hazard and danger j and (if credit may be given 
 to reports,) it is provided of N.caragn* wood, 
 which is a Commodity for Dying of that value, 
 as_ to be reckoned to approach to the worth 
 of Cochenilc ■, and which is beyond all other pro¬ 
 ductions whatfoever. It aifordeth both Silver 
 and Gold Macs, as well as large quantities of 
 Gold Daft , that is gathered out of the Karrs, 
 
 ' after that it hath been wafted from the Moun¬ 
 tains by violent Rains. And then for the Pm- 
 E f le, 
 
( 5 ° ) 
 
 p!c, they are open, frank and good natured, 
 and for many Leagues round in ail entire 
 Fricndfnip with the Scots, having not only re¬ 
 ceived them in a moll obliging manner, at their 
 firft arrival into thofe American parts, and their 
 Captains, Snprcamc Leaders, or Caiques, who have 
 neither depeudancc upon-any other Prince or 
 State, nor upon one another, five by Leagues 
 for mutual defence, readily and with great 
 chearfulne.fi, conformed and agreed to permit 
 the Scots to fettle among them, and to become 
 Inhabitants in their Country but have by 
 ffiptilations and contracts lince, Joyned in a Con¬ 
 federacy with them, for the defence of them and 
 their Colony, againft all fuch as {lull in time to 
 come be their Enemies. 
 
 So that for Situation, as the Conned con (lit tt- 
 tcd. by the Indian and African Company of Scot¬ 
 land, for the Government anddircBion of their Colo¬ 
 nies and Jcitlcmcnts in the India, have pnblijhed in 
 their Declaration bearing dale, at neve Edinburg in 
 Caiidonia December 28.1698 , it is a more con¬ 
 venient Place than any other in ail America, 
 to be the Store-bonfe of the irnfearchable Trcafitrcs 
 of the fpacions South Seas, the door of Commerce to 
 China and Japan, and the Emporium and Sta¬ 
 ple for the Trade if loth the Indies. And as it is 
 there that the Scots have fettled a Colony and 
 ?Ai«Muw,by and with the confent of the Na¬ 
 tives no European Prince or State being there¬ 
 of polfelfed, or having right of claim there¬ 
 unto j fo they did not offer to enter upon 
 that Difteitt and Territory, without the having 
 a particular and ftricl regard unto, and con¬ 
 forming euaclly with all the Regulations, Pro- 
 vifi’s, ' 1 id down and prdcribed 
 
ill the Acl of Parliament, and ill his Majefty’s 
 patent, and the having ferionfly Coniidcrcd and 
 duly Weighed, wlntfocver could be pieceudcd 
 or alledged againtt them, upon their proceed¬ 
 ing to eftablilh a Colony there. For the exa¬ 
 mination whereof, they allowed them I'd ves fuf- 
 ficient time, in that tho’ their Subfcriptions 
 were perfefted and compleated, about the be¬ 
 ginning of the year 1 696 ■, yet they did not 
 fend their Ships from Scotland, untiil the 
 Month of July 1698, which arrived not in that 
 place until November following. 
 
 And as it is not only hoped, but morally 
 certain, that great advantages of attaining un¬ 
 to Wealth, Power and Honour, will thereby 
 accrue and be adminiftred to Scotland fo it 
 might eaiiiy be Demonftrated, that very conu- 
 derablc Benefits, will infallibly Redound from 
 thence unto England, and that both in times of 
 Peace and of War. Seeing as it will be a means, 
 whereby in a Ihort time, a compendious Way 
 and Eajfagc for Trade to China, J.as well 
 as to the Eaft-Indies, may be obtained and 
 rendred fecure, whereby the Englijh, will be¬ 
 come qualified and enabled, not only to outdo 
 the French, who begin to Rival them inTraf- 
 lick to the latter, but to equal the Patch, who 
 do at prefent far exceed them in it: So by 
 the convenicncy of the Scots Caledonian Planta¬ 
 tion, both a great quantity more of th tMamt- 
 fafliires of that Kingdom , will come to be ven¬ 
 ted in all the Eafit parts of the World, as well 
 as in the Spamih Wcfi-Indian Provinces, and 
 the expence made lei’s, and the returns much 
 Speedier and Surer, to and from the latter, 
 than they arc, or ever can be, by the ’way of 
 
( 5 2 ) 
 
 Cadiz and Malaga. And as for the Englijh 
 Plantations in America, they will not only have 
 larger and more advantageous occafions, of 
 Trading into the Spattijh American Colonies •, but 
 the very Scots of the Calidonian Plantation, will 
 will take off and confume abundance of their 
 Commodities and Productions, efpecially theirs 
 of New York and New England, for which they 
 will pay in Gold and in Silver, and fuch valuable 
 Goods, as the Mines, Rivers, and Land of Darien 
 do yield and furnifh. And fhould a War at 
 any time conic to be between the Kim of 
 Great Britain and of Spain, as who knoweth 
 what may hereafter fall out, Cdid.onia is and 
 will in that 'cafe be found, the belt Situate 
 place of any in the World, from whence and 
 by means whereof, to do Hurt and Prejudice 
 to the Spaniards, and to yield fervice to his 
 Britannick MajeSty, and give his Subjects oppor¬ 
 tunities of enriching themfeives. Seeing the 
 Scots Colony there, will prove to be not only 
 Tofted , in the middle and boforn of the Spa¬ 
 tiijh American Ports for Traff.ck, having Carthage- 
 na on the Eajf,Porto Bello on the Weft, and Pana¬ 
 ma on the South ■, but will be found to Hand Si¬ 
 tuated in the direct way and pallagc, that their 
 Biotas, Galleons , Ann ados and Annad.il ds muft 
 go and return to and from Mexico and Pent. 
 
 Nor oil the fuppolitioii of fuch a Hollility a- 
 
 riling between thefc two Crowns, as 1 have 
 mentioned, will the Engl.jh meerly have a larger, 
 better and more Fortified H.vdmaa for Ships, 
 either of War or .Commerce, than any of their 
 own Weft India Flam anions do afford ; But they 
 will have one to Receive, Cover and Protect 
 them, that is nearer and more adjacent by a 
 hundred 
 
( 53 ) 
 
 hundred Leagues to Tom Bello and Panama, than 
 Jamaica ; and by above three hundred than Bar- 
 badocs, which of all the Englijli Jerrican Colo¬ 
 nies, are the leaft affianced from them. But 
 feeing I Ihall have occafion to difccuvfe more 
 fully hereafter, of the benchts and advantages, 
 which will accrue to the Crown and Kingdom 
 of England , by the Scow having fettled in Da¬ 
 rien, and how much upon that account, it is 
 both the Intercftof the King, and ci t\\c Englijb 
 Nation, that they fiiould "be maintained and 
 defended in the poflcfion of their Plantation 
 at Cali deni a •, I hull therefore inilit no more. 
 upon it under this Plead, but adjourn what 
 is to be further reprefented, and argued 
 to the foregoing purpofe, until it will lie 
 more naturally before me in fome other Para¬ 
 graph. 
 
 That which I am then in the next place to 
 advance unto, is to Jiffiifie and Prove beyond 
 all poflibility of any rcafonable Reply, that the 
 Scots, by their dtablilhing a Colony on the 
 Ifthmus of Darien, have made no Inraflou, upon 
 the Rights or Dominions, and Territories of the 
 King oi Spain, nor have therein Tiled contrary ei¬ 
 ther to the Laws of Nations, or to any A r.i Us of 
 pnUiik Treaties, that have intervened, or have 
 been Confertcd, Accorded and Stipulated, be¬ 
 tween the Kings of Great Britain, and thofe of 
 Spurn ? Tis true his Span.fl Majcfly, hath by 
 ieveral Memorials delivered by Ids Minilters to 
 his Britanniek Majcfly , or to his Secretaries of 
 State, reprefented, remonftrated and com¬ 
 plained, as if the Scots, had thereby made an 
 Inj]\icliou of the Peace, between the Covens, were 
 become guilty of an Inflit and Attempt againlt 
 E 3 his 
 
( 54 ) 
 
 his Catholick Majefty, and that by fettling a Plan- j 
 tation in that place, they have polled them- j 
 feives, dans les Sonvcrains , & Ic fins Interienr de 
 ccs Bemad lies Je /.< Majeftc , In the Sovereign and 
 moft Inward Territories of and belonging to his Spa- 
 aft) Majefty. And as in cafe that the matter 
 .'rood as it is rcprefented,-and as the complaint 
 doth import, the blame thereof, ought to 
 be wholly and entirely imputed unto and 
 charged upon the Govcnioirrs and Directors of 
 the Comfimy ere&ed for Trading to Africa and 
 the Indies, and no ways either in the Injury : 
 that is done, or in the clamours and accusati¬ 
 ons which arife by and from it, to affect his 
 Britamtitk Majefty in his jufbice. Veracity and ; 
 Honour ■, lo it would be both requifite and ne- 
 celfary, on the foot of Rightcoufnefs, as well as 
 of Truth, that full reparation fliould be made 
 to bis Catholich Majefty, if the Fact of the Scots , 
 in planting on the Iftbmns of Darien , were dif- 
 agrcable to Royal and National Treaties , and a 
 forccablc feifure, in times of Amity and Peace 
 of the Lands and Demalnsof that King. Yet I 
 hope, it will not be accounted Rudcnefs or In- 
 folencc, in me to fay, that it is both expe&cd 
 and demanded, that none will difeover and be¬ 
 tray themfeives, to be pciTons of fo little Pru¬ 
 dence or Equity, as upon the tingle credit, and 
 alone evidence oiMcmoria.lt to fubmit unto, and 
 to Mer, their being either furprifed, or 
 wheedled, or menaced and hectored into a 
 belief, that the fettling the aforefaid Colony, 
 in the place above-mentioned, is therefore In¬ 
 jurious and Crinvnaiin the £.<*•, and to be rec¬ 
 koned an Invafion upon the Sovcieicn Rights, 
 
 ?.ncl the Lawful Dominions of the King of 
 
( 55 ) . 
 
 Spain,, meetly becaufe it is alledged and 
 affirmed by his Miuiftcrs and in his name to 
 be fo. 
 
 And I do reckon my fclf fully warranted, in 
 the requiring and exacting this of every man, 
 who detires to efeape the cenfure and reproach 
 of being Imprudent, Partial, andjniquous; in 
 that it hath very often, and upon frequent occa- 
 lions,been the cuftomand praftice of States,Prin¬ 
 ces and Potentates, to vemonftratc and complain 
 of the proceedings of other Rulers, Governours 
 and Sovereigns,and of their fevcral and rcfpective 
 Subjects; when all that hath been offered, at¬ 
 tempted and done by thofe who have been thus 
 applyed and addrefl'cd unto, and complained of, 
 hath been Lawful, friendly, Honourable and 
 Jnffi, and only accounted inconvenient at the 
 Seafou, or held to adminifter ground of jea- 
 loulic and Fear, that it might in the future, 
 be prejudicial unto fitch who were the Com¬ 
 plainants and Remonftrants. And as no Po¬ 
 tentate or Court in the World, hath oftener 
 and more clamoroufly, betook themfelves unto 
 this Method, than they of Spain have done, in 
 reference unto, and behalf of what they ua- 
 reafonably challenge, and would have others be 
 fo weak, as to allow them a Right unto the 
 IVefi-lndics fo they have commonly, in the 
 iffue and event been made to underftand, that 
 they had no Pleadable, Valuable^ and Juftifia- 
 ble reafons, grounds or caufes, for their Re- 
 moiitiianccs and Complaints. Whereof as the 
 Hiftories ofall Nations, are full of Examples, 
 and Inlhnces, fo our own are not barren and 
 unprovided of them. Unto which as I Iball 
 confine my felf, on the motive of the Brevity, 
 
 E 4. that 
 
( 56 ) 
 
 that this difeourfe is dciigned to be of; fo I 
 ' fhall only aflign a few out of the many that 
 might lie enumerated. Whereof, the lirft fhall 
 be, the Behaviour and Anfwer of Queen Eliza¬ 
 beth, during the time of Amity with Spam, 
 and before there was any rupture, between her 
 and Philip the Second, upon a complaint againlt 
 one Captain Parker, made unto her by the 
 Spauip A'fiwjlcr, who rclided at her Court,un¬ 
 der a publick Chara&er ; which I do the rather 
 mention, becaufe it relates to fomething that 
 fell, out at Darien , where the Scots having ta¬ 
 ke!! the freedom to fettle, and to cltablilh a 
 .Plantation, is made the ground of tht Memo¬ 
 rials prefented lately to his Majejly by the 
 Spanijh Ambaflador, in the name of the Catholick 
 png : For Captain Parker having in the year 
 156s, Sailed from England. to Darien, and be- 
 •gun to manage a profitable Trade with the 
 Natives, the Spaniards, who have been always 
 Jealous of, and ollended at any other Europe¬ 
 ans corning into, and Trafficking in thofc parts 
 of America, came with Armed Ships againlt 
 him, and after having threatned, to make prive 
 of him, and thofc that were with him, unlefs 
 lie would immediately depart, upon his refufal 
 to do fo, they attempted it. But Parker being 
 . a gallant man, and being likewife affifted by the 
 Natives, he not only beat the Spaniards that 
 afiaiilted him, and took one of their Ships , but 
 . alfo plundrcd a place called Ca.jlcl Dolor a, for 
 all which he was both commended and jufti- 
 ficd by the Queen, notwithftanding the Com¬ 
 plaints and Remo-jkivices of the King of Spain, 
 by his Ambaflador. 
 
 Where- 
 
( 57 ) 
 
 Whereiinto maybe added, that famous and 
 remarkable tranfa&ion, much about the fame 
 Seafon, between Oueen Elizabeth and Philip the 
 Second , in relation to Captain Drake, who having 
 in a time of Peace, betwixt the two Crowns, 
 been feifed by the Spaniard i, for Trading in the 
 Bay of Mexico, and who thereupon, having 
 been allowed by her Majefty, to make himfclf 
 reparation and fatisfa&ion, for the Wrong and 
 Dilhonour done to her, as well as for the Lofs 
 and Injury, which he had Suftaincd,. failed to 
 Boco Eero, where being lhcwed t.he South Sea, 
 and alfo aflifted by the Native Indians, who 
 had War with the Spaniards, he took and plun- 
 dred feme rich Spanijh Veflels, at St. Lazarus 
 d.c Chaora. Of which Bernardino dc Mendoza, 
 who was then Spmiift Ambalfador at the Court 
 of England, having by a Memorial which he 
 prefen ted to the Queen, complained as a 
 great Aft of Depredation, committed by Drake 
 upon the Spaniards in the Weft Indies, and 
 thereupon demanded reparation of the Lofs 
 and Damage, which his Mailers Subjcfts had 
 thereby undergone, he was anfvvercd by the 
 Queen almoft in the very terms, and directly 
 to the purpofc following. Namely, That .is the -QCm- 
 Spaniards had drawn thefe Jnconvinicncies 
 Mifchiefs upon themfelves, by their fever c and !‘ 
 
 jufi dealing with the Englifh in their American .vcDim. 
 Commerce, and their Trade there with the Natives, 1565. 
 fo JJ 1C did not under ft and, why cither her Subjects, 
 
 'or thofe of any other European Princes, ftonld be 
 debarred from Traffick in the Indies. Unto which 
 as Jhe did not acknowledge the Spaniards to have 
 any title by the donation of the Bifhop o/Rome', Co [he 
 knew no right they bad to any vlu:u thcrefcfdes thofe 
 
( 5 *) 
 
 that they were in a fatal poffeffm of • Seeing their 
 having touched only here mid there upon thofe coafts 
 given names to Rivers, or Capes , and pofftbly built 
 a few Cottages , were jack infgnif.cant things , as 
 could no ways entitle them to a Propriety, further 
 than they were actually fettled, and continued to 
 inhabit. And therefore, that as all their claim 
 •unto other Parts , Places and Countries in the Weft 
 Indies, was only Imaginary and Chimerical ■, fo it 
 was thereupon Free , for other Princes and State ;, 
 and their refpeBive SubjeBs,without the leaf Breach , 
 or Violation of the Laws of Nations, both to Trade 
 and Tranfplant Colonics, into all fitch American 
 Diftricts and Territories, where the Spaniards did 
 not inhabit. And that as all pretence to a right 
 to any Country there , otherwife than as they were 
 toffejfed of it, is nothing but a vain and unjnjl 
 'Vfnrpation , which makes no foundation , nor gives 
 any night by and according to the laws of Nations, 
 for a limited and refrained claim , in and over 
 thofe Countries •, fo it is as lawful for any other 
 Nation , as it is for Spain, to Navigate that rafi 
 Ocean, without being inhibited , obfrueted, or there¬ 
 in Diflttrbed •, in that the life of the Sea and Air 
 is common unto all and emery people whatjoever , nei¬ 
 ther Nature nor enfom having given or allowed , 
 po/fcjfon or Propriety thereof, to any one particular 
 Country of the World) Predufve of others. 
 
 But tho’ this that I have here reported maj 
 very rcafonably be counted enough to have been 
 laid under this head, as being fo full, as well as 
 pertinent, for fhewing how little reafon and 
 caufc there may often be, of Judging baftily, 
 conclufivcly and prcjudically ot' the proceed¬ 
 ings and Fads of the Subjects of any State, or 
 Soveraigu, meetly becaufc of complaints exhibi¬ 
 ted 
 
ted ill Memorials by the Ambajfadours of other 
 Princes , ftiling and reprefenting what hath 
 been done by them, under the Characters of 
 beiili 1 violations of the Laws of Nations, Inva- 
 iions upon the Territories and Jurisdictions of 
 Potentates, and Infractions of publick Treaties 
 and Alliances •, yet I (hall not reckon it cither 
 fuperfluous or impertinent, nor will the reader I 
 hope think it tedious, to have one Inftance more 
 fubjoyned, that was of a parallel nature, and to 
 the fame purpofe and upon the fame occalion : 
 which as it veferreth to a Memorial of the fime 
 importance and kind, with thofc that have 
 been preheated lately to his Majcfty • fo it was 
 one delivered into a King of great Britain by an 
 Ambajfadonr of Spain in the name and in obedi¬ 
 ence to the Command of his Mnftcr. Whereof 
 | the Story in brief is this: Namely that in the 
 ■year 1629. being after a Rupture, and during 
 the time of a War, between the Crown of 
 Great Britain , and of Spain, divers of the Eng- 
 lilh Nation, finding the Iflamis of Catclinc and 
 Tortuga unpolMcd and empty of Inhabitants, 
 did thereupon feize and begin to plant Colonies, 
 on them, giving to the former the name of the 
 JJland of Providence , and to the latter the name 
 of the JJland of Ajfociation. And which they 
 continuing to inhabit, and occupy after the 
 eltablilhmenc, of the Peace betwixt his £> itan- 
 nick Majcfiy^ and the Catholick King^ Anno 11530. 
 the Spaniards became thereat offended, not on¬ 
 ly becaufe of its being an extending, and an 
 enlargement of Englifh Settlements in America , 
 but by reafon of the nearnefs of thole lilands to 
 the Spanijh Weje-Jndia Colonies , particularly to 
 thofe of Cuba and Hifymlola^ and according- 
 
(6o) 
 
 ly complained thereof to King Charles the Firlt, i 
 by their Ambaflador; who tho’ he was a Prince [ 
 both of thofe Morals and Politicks, that he; 
 would not countenance, the lead: thing that was 
 unjuft, and Illegal towards and againft any, 
 and much lefs in relation to Soveraigns and 
 Potentates, with whom he was in Leagues, and 
 Alliances, ncverthclefs he gave in Anfwer to 
 the Laid Complaint, that his Subjects having • 
 found thofe lp»ds, both unpoflcllccl by the Spa¬ 
 niards, and uninhabited by any other people 
 whatfoever, had thereupon by the Laws of Na¬ 
 ture as well as of Nations, a Liberty and Right 
 to fit down and to plant there. And that they ; 
 ought not to be therein Obflructcd or hindred, ■ 
 either bccaufe of Jealoulies, which the Spaniards i 
 might entertain, on the foot of thofe Illands ; 
 being fo adjacent to their Territories, or by; 
 rcafon of any apprehenlions they might have,' 
 that English Colonies there, would prove after¬ 
 wards inconvenient, and prejudicial unto them. 
 In which Anfwer the Spaniards were fo far forced 
 to acquiefceat that time, as not to reckon that 
 Fact of his B/uannck Majefly’s Subjects to be 
 any Infraction of Alliances, or a Rupture of the 
 Peace. Tho’ I mu ft withal! add, that upon the 
 ariling of mifunderftandings between King 
 Charles the Firfi and his People of E;glm! , and 
 upon his Subjects of Scot land running into Re¬ 
 bellion, the Spaniards made thofe advantages, of 
 our quarrelling here at home amour 
 rieli k CUO 0111 ' fclve ?> toaflaultthe Englifh iit 
 
 cdiiubl.. ’ Anglia; both the fovemeutioned fflauds^nd were 
 uiifci contra HiVpa- therein fo foccefsfui,’ aV.firft to drive 
 ros jnfta clTc dc- them out of Tortuga, A-u:o and 
 
 inonftratur : Edit. 8 f renyar{ J s 0llt 0 f CltdiiK Am 1(5+0- 
 Load. litf. In 
 
(6i ) 
 
 In the attempt whereof as they acted againft all 
 the fficafures of Law and juftice, and to the 
 higheft degrees of cruelty and barbarity in the 
 execution of it, fo it is too well known upon 
 whom both the blame and Infamy are to be 
 charged, that thofe Invafions of the Spaniards 
 upon the Rights, Properties and PolTeflions of 
 the Etglijh, were not Revenged as they defer- 
 ved, and as they undoubtedly would have been, 
 had not King Charles been diverted and hinder’d 
 from it, by the unhappy differences, which 
 fprong up between him and his People. 
 
 Having then done, what I hope will be 
 judged fuflicient to obviate and prevent all 
 raifconfmiftions and finiftrous thoughts, which 
 might othenvife have rifen in the minds of 
 any, by reafon of the late Memorial pvefented 
 to his Majcfiy, I do reckon, that 1 have there¬ 
 by paved my way, towards an examination 
 of the F.iFv of the Scots Company, in their fet- 
 ling at Darien, whether it ought to be ac¬ 
 counted illegal, and unjuft, contrary to the 
 Lam of Nature and of Nations, and to iutcr- 
 fer with folemn Regal Suphtions ? or whe¬ 
 ther it may be eftcemed Lawful, Righteous and 
 Agreeable to all the rules and rncafures of 
 VVifdom, Amity and Juilice f as that I may 
 now apply and addrefs my felf directly and 
 elofely to it, without finding the forementi- 
 oned Rcmorflratices, to remain an Impediment 
 and obftrudion in my way. And as an In¬ 
 troduction thereunto, I cannot but both ac¬ 
 knowledge and commend, the Fair, Honoura¬ 
 ble and Friendly proccedurc of the Caholick 
 King, in that lie hath by lie,aerials, given in 
 
 to his Eritamck Majrfy, chofeu to alien his 
 pre- 
 
(60 
 
 pretentions and rights in an Amicable way, 
 and fo affords an opportunity, that the whole 
 World may be fatisfied, on the Foot and To. 
 picks of Reafon, Cnftom and Law, that neither, 
 the Act and Patent, which the King of Greg 
 Britain , hath granted to his Subjects in Scotland 
 are any ways either difagreeable to Treatia 
 with Spain, or diffonant from the received Max- 1 
 ims of Equity and Juftice, by which States; 
 and Princes do govern themfelves, in their 
 Publick and Political actions towards one and: 
 other; Nor that the Scots Company, have either' 
 exceeded the limits preferibed unto them, ini 
 the Statute and Charter , by which they areau-j 
 thorized to Trade to Africa ani the Indies, and! 
 to cftablifh Colonies and Plantations there, or 
 that they have done any thing prejudicial unto : 
 and Invafive upon the Rights of Spain. For; 
 hereby inftead of putting the decifion of this | 
 great and important affair, upon the Strength ! - 
 Power and Succefs of Arms, and the verdifi! 
 that fhould refillt from HofKlity and Wav; 
 it is placed on the amicable foundation of Rea! 
 fon, Alliances and Laws, and made adjudge-' 
 able in the Cabinets, and at the Councel Boards, 
 of Princes, and not immediately referred to' 
 a determination, by Fleets and Armies on die j 
 Ocean and Continent. And therefore that this 
 matter, may be fet and reprefented in the 
 belt and cleared light, for an amicable adjuft- 
 ment, and compofure of it, between his Brit- 
 tanick Majefty and the King of Spain , I lhall in 
 order thereunto, propofe "and lay down, fomc 
 things in the way of fo many Fremife: , which 
 which fhall carry that intvinlick certainty and 
 evidence in them, as to rcfemblc and be of 
 
( 63 ) 
 
 the Nature of PoftuUta in Mathmatich , and 
 which fhall be found as undeniable principles, 
 in a difcourfc that is relative unto, and con¬ 
 cerning right of property in a Country, as the 
 other are acknowledged by all men to be in 
 ' Geometry. 
 
 Whereof the firfi is this, namely, that the 
 Original, moft Ancient, and that which is by 
 . ail Civilians , confefled to be the ground and 
 , foundation, of the uncontrovertible Title and 
 ' Right of any people, to this or that Country , 
 
 , is their having been the Primitive Occupiers 
 : and Pojftjftrrs of it. Oi:od e-nim eft Nuiiins , per 
 , nccupationcm acquiritar cjtts Dominium , fay all 
 Civilians. For while the greateft, or any part 
 
 - of the World, lay wholly Void and Vzhilubitcd, 
 
 ■ and for the Occupation whcrcofjno formal Divi- 
 i lion had intervened, and been agreed upon, by 
 j thofe who emitted Colonies for the polMing and 
 1 planting fuch and fuch parts of the Earth, afiig- 
 j ning to every one of thofe-Colonics, there feveral 
 i and refpectivc partitions and diftricts; in that 
 ; cafe the right of Title unto, and ot Property 
 ’ in fuch a Country, and place became, prim! 
 
 - poftclcmis, bis or theirs rrbo ir ere the ft;-ft ,ucci:picrs P 
 1 thereof. Tis taken for a dictate of Na- vi 
 1 ture, and is that which the Univei fal ration m 
 
 of Mankind conducted them unto, in the iirfc '!■ 
 I and feparated divifion, which was made of this 
 l habitable World, fo far as it was void and mi- 
 ; inhabited, lit quod quisqtic occupr.Jfct^idptcprium f 
 habcrct, That whatfoever any came alhtaiiy to pc ft q 
 [ efts and occupy, thereof they ftmld he achtctdccged 
 to have the propriety. And as Cicero long before 
 • our late CmV/awcxprelfed it, Ouod caique ebu- 
 
 WT, id qitipjiic tctteaij Wbcrcfocvcr any mans im 
 
( 64 ) 
 
 falls to be the firfl pofifiiffbr, that he hath a Legal claim 
 thereunto. Which polfeffion or occupation as tliey 
 are not accounted to ftand acquired by any 
 racer aft of the Mind , whether in way of wifh 
 or purpofe of fettlement in fuch a place, but 
 they arc only obtained in and by a Bodily JR, 
 that is quafi pofitio pedis a placing and fixing then 
 foot upon it y So no bare tranfient and vagrant 
 paflage, thro’ an empty and uninhabited Coun¬ 
 try without fctling their abode, and continu¬ 
 ing to refide in it, was ever held fufficient by 
 any Civilian for the giving unto thofe Itincraa 
 fafengers a claim of Property and Inheritance there.! 
 For as Groiim fays Bcfultompojfejfio mini efficifih. 
 occafional touching at a place without fettling 
 and continuing to inhabit giveth no right 
 thereunto in Law. And as Pujfcndorf fpeaks to j 
 the fame purpofe, Occnpajfe turn demum renh 
 aliquant dicinmr cjitaudo pofijeffiioncm cjits adprehen- 
 De jure dimtu: it ant occupatio rerum tnobilium fiat mani-l 
 Nat. & bus, foli pedibus y vidijfe auttm tttntum , ant feirt 
 Gent, lib . n \)i cn jd r ,ondum ad fojfiejfioncm fnfficere judifi 
 4. cap. 6’ catnr 
 
 ^ Whercunto may be added in the fecond place, 
 
 That the Spaniards did not find thofe Countries, 
 •Kingdoms, Iflcs and Provinces, whereof they 
 are either poflcflcd, and confcfled by all to b; 
 fo, or thofe unto which they pretend a right, 
 tho’ it be not acknowledg'd by others, void and 
 empty of People , and uninhabited t, but that when 
 they came thither and arriv’d there, they found 
 them actually poflefs’d by a large and numerous 
 People that had no knowledge of,nor dependants 
 upon Spain, nor had deriv’d either their own 
 Original , or their Title to occupy and inherit 
 thofe fpacious and vail Anterhm Territories from 
 the 
 
the Spdii'utr/i ; fo that whatsoever Title or h,c- 
 prty the Spaniards are come to have unto, and 
 over thole Dominions , it muft be deriv’d either 
 from the Donation of the Pope, or acquir’d by a 
 Conqueft of thofe, who were the previous and 
 ancient Proprietors~, or it muft be obtain’d by a 
 grant from the Natives, in the vertue whereof 
 the Spaniards have a right transferr’dunto them, 
 and arc with and by the confent of the Indians, 
 made the rightful and univerfal Proprietors of 
 ' all thofe Countries. 
 
 And as to their Claim by the Pope's Donation^ 
 the very mentioning, and much more the plead-^ 
 ing of it, is a ridiculing, as well as bantring of 
 Mankind •, feeing even on the fuppofal, that the 
 Roman Pontiffs Ihould be acknowledg’d tile Suc- 
 ceflors of St. Peter, which as no Protefhnts 
 are forward to believe or confefs, fo they have 
 never hitherto found, nor do they think they 
 ever lhall find the Pontiff inns able to prove it: 
 Yet this would inveft them with no right of 
 difpoling the Kingdoms of the World as they 
 pleafe, and unto whom they will. For Peter 
 being cloathed with no filch Power himfelf, nor 
 having ever pretended to exert fuch a Jnrifdi- 
 n-ivc Authority , as fomc Popes have had the Va¬ 
 nity and Pride to do, how could he convey it 
 unto, and entail it upon others, under the qua¬ 
 lity and chara&er of being his Succefiors ? Yea 
 our Lord J ESV S Cirrijt was fo far from ex- 
 erriling a Potrer and Authority of diverting Prin¬ 
 ces of their Soveraignties, Principalities and 
 Dominions, tho’ all of them were then grofs 
 Idolaters , that he would not be prevail’d upon 
 to divide an Inheritance between two Brethren, 
 when deiird by one of them to do it. but as 
 
( 66 ) 
 
 he made it the duty of all thofe who ihould 
 believe in him, and embrace the Chriltian Faith, 
 to be confcientious and exaft in yielding Obe¬ 
 dience to all the Laws and Commands of Ci¬ 
 vil Rulers and Magistrates, whether they fhould 
 be Heathen or Chriltians, provided that thofe 
 Laws and Injun&ions were not inconfiftent 
 with, and repugnant to the Laws of God: So 
 he was Himfelf contented to Pay T •• ibutc to Tibe¬ 
 rius C<;/rfr,who was both an Idolater and a Tyrant, 
 Nay, fo far are the Bijhops of Rome from having 
 any Jurisdiction in the quality of St. Peter’s 
 Succcjfors , over the Dominions of any Prince 
 and Potentates whatfoever, That all the right 
 which they have to their own Temporal and 
 Secular PoilelFions, even to that which is vul¬ 
 garly call’d the Patrimony of St. Peter , is by and 
 from the Co.iceflion and Grants of Potentates, 
 Kings, and Civil Rulers (among whom I wou’d 
 not be thought to place Conft amine , whofe pre¬ 
 tended Donation is a meer Pillion and Chimera , 
 but fome that were later than he ) who were 
 more Liberal and Beneficent, than they were 
 Prudent and Wife. Moreover, tho’ the Spani¬ 
 ards have had fometimes, the weaknefs as well 
 as the vanity to Claim a right to the whole Wtfi- 
 Indie r, thro’ and by venue”of the Donation of 
 Pope Alexander V\. in his Balls Dated 2d and 
 ad of May, Anno 1493, yet the very Spanifii 
 It lfieri an s do allure US, that Ferdinand and Jfa- 
 See Her- bella who were King and Queen of Cftile, when 
 rm'- r , r Columbus made the firfc difeovery of the Wcjl- 
 WeiiwrT ^' us ’ a t!ie V ear ‘4SW ^ av * n § confulted with 
 diet ivl t ^°^ c W ^' G were e ft eem ed the moll Learned in the 
 Lib! 1. 2, Civil and Canon Laws, thought it necdlefs to ufe 
 Cup 4, any finch Formality as to defire a Grant and Dona¬ 
 tion 
 
(* 7 ) 
 
 tion of thofe Countries from the Pope; andtliaf 
 the Bulls of Alexander VI. were obtain’d, cr 
 rather accepted upon fome particular Confide- 
 rations. 
 
 Nor have divers Nations, and thofe Roman 
 Catholicks, as well as Reformed, made the leaf!, 
 fcruple of failing unto, and fettling in the Re¬ 
 gions and Countries of America , notwithftand- 
 ing the Pope’s Balls, by which they are faid to 
 have been granted to the Kings of Spain. See¬ 
 ing befides what hath been done by divers Prin¬ 
 ces and States during this whole prefent Cen¬ 
 tury, and a good part of the former, whereof I 
 fhall here make little or no mention(it being noto- 
 rioufly and fully known,not only to every States¬ 
 man,Scholar, Merchant,Shopkeeper and Artificer, 
 but to thofe who are themcanefl: Boors, Peafants, 
 and the ignoranteft part of Mankind) there 
 were divers attempts and endeavours made by 
 others Trading to America immediately and 
 foon after the emifiion of thofe Balls, upon, 
 which fome would found the Spaniard’s having 
 a right and claim, and legitimate Title to thofe 
 Dominions. For no longer than three years af¬ 
 ter the pretended Donation of all the American 
 Territories to Ferdinand and If-bil'.t, Kira and 
 Qjitcn of Cafiile b’/ Alcxnn: hr Vi. did Hcv-y Vlf 
 of England (tho' a Zealous Roman Catholick,- 
 and one who by reafon of his Domellkk Trou¬ 
 bles Rood in great need of the Favour of the 
 See of Rome, and who no lefs courted it) Equip 
 and fet forth in the Year 1456, four Ships un¬ 
 der the Command of SirjV;?/, and Sir Sebeftian 
 Cab it of Briftol, to difeover, enter upon, and 
 take polfelfion of any place or places of the 
 tVep-Indies, that were not in the actual poflefiion 
 F 3 -rf 
 
( 68 ) r 
 
 of the Spaniards, which by his Authority and 
 in his Name they did from 25 to 2 6 Degrees of 
 the Northern Latitude ; and in two Voyages 
 which they made to the Weft-Indies , they both 
 eJiabiift'd a Friendfhip and Trade with the N.i- 
 t". : s of Florida, Long-Ip.nd , and of divers pla¬ 
 ces of thole Atr.irlc.in Countries. And tho’ 
 //>;;> Via. who fucceeded him (thro’his being 
 employ'd in Wars with France and Scotland^ and 
 taken up about important aflairs at home) could 
 not extend his Empire in the Weft-Indies ; ne- 
 verthclefi there were, even in his Reign, divers 
 private Pcrfons that voluntarily engag’d in the 
 mrking difeoveries and fettling Trade in Ame¬ 
 rica : And among others whom we do find e- 
 qrip’d and lent, forth upon this Defign, were 
 Edeorard Sp:rrf;sw, in the 5 th and 9th Years of 
 rl . v Yiil. and F.otrrt ' Varner in the 12th of the 
 f.: e Reign, who made rich Voyages thither, 
 and were kindly entertain’d by the Natives. 
 And which is of affinity hereunto, and ex¬ 
 tremely pertinent, for brewing < the infignifican- 
 cy of the tbrementiond Bulls to the eftablilhing 
 . ... rffiht i:s the kvwktr'f to any other Tarts of 
 V.-: than they are actually in pofleffion of; 
 
 . cwd. vcL.. to he okErv’d, how that Veffetfms 
 a a ’ey order or Emanuel King of Portn- 
 
 •: did in the Year t 500, difeover all Braftk, 
 w -..c!' makes a large part of the American Con- 
 a :d that the Pertvgxtfe alferted their 
 >■. w. ur.to it, and preserv’d a liberty of Tra- 
 tn.yg thither, notv iihitanding ail that was ob- 
 i-etc.-' to the contrary by Ferdinand and IfabeUa 
 yi C’j hr-. Vv hereunto ffiould I add what hath 
 lews done dace, and that not only by the Eng- 
 Tft under ELzahtls. and King James, 
 Charles 
 
(* 9 ) 
 
 Charles I. and II. but by the French and Devh, 
 and by divers other Nations and States, which 
 have all traded to and fettled lcveral Colonies 
 
 both upon the Tara firma and the Mauds ot 
 y4/»«7'cv?,notwithflandmg either the Popr S Bulls of 
 
 Donation of thofe Countries, and Illands to the 
 Spaniards, or their pretentions unto them, by 
 any other Right or Title whntfocver •, it would 
 evidently and unanfwerably appear, that their 
 Claim to the Weft-Indies was never further al¬ 
 lowed and admitted by any Enmpean rmnta.tes 
 and Rulers, than in reference to thofe Places 
 and Territories of which they were become 
 actually polfefs’d. Yea the rope’s grant of the 
 Weft-Indies to the CaftlLvis, having been in or¬ 
 der to the propagation ot the ChriPrian Fair!’, 
 among thofe Infidels, The See of chal¬ 
 lenging no Power or Authority to diipofe of 
 Earthly Dominions, fave in relation thereunto, 
 and neither for defhoying the Natives or ulhr- 
 ping their Territories, it naturally follows that 
 the Spaniards having acted fodiiectly contrary to r . _ 
 all this, both in Maflacring above Fsur.t-. .ens 
 of the Indians^ and in the encouraging them in rmcfi!:: 
 their Heathenilh Idolatry, thro’felling their I-fni 
 dols unto them for Money, alter the InT.ms had 
 thrown them away, rather than in feeking and 
 promoting their Converlion to the Chriflian 1 * ’** 
 Religion, can pretend no claim of right and ti¬ 
 tle to thofe Countries and Dominions by the 
 Pope’ s Bulls, but as lie las Ca.f.cs cvprdfcth it, Ij: ' m i!,< 
 All their Conejuefts arc to he accounted Vnjitft, Ty- 
 rannu al and Null. ‘ ’ 
 
 ’Tis true that the Spaniards have at all times 
 been difpleas’d with, and oppofite unto the Set¬ 
 tlement of any Nations in America beiides thcni- 
 F 3 felves: 
 
( 70 
 
 lelvesj but the many rich Colonies, fuch as 
 Virginia, Barbadocs, Bermudos, New England, 
 New York, Carolina, Penfilvania, Jamaica , &c. 
 which the English have there, befides what pla¬ 
 ces are poflefs’d by others, cfpecially by the 
 French and Dutch in that part of the World, 
 do abundantly Ihew, that all Nations do ac¬ 
 count the Claim of the Spaniards to the whole 
 Wefi-Indics to be no better than a weak, vain 
 and chimerical Imagination, and that the Popes 
 Bulls by which it is alledged that they are enti- 
 tuled thereunto,are no other wife efteemed by Eu¬ 
 ropean Princes and States, than as a jeil and Banter. 
 
 Nor, Filially, have the Spaniards themfelves 
 paid that rcfpect to the Bails of Alexander VI. 
 which they fhould, and certainly would have 
 done, had they taken their right to the American 
 Islands and Dominions to be deriv’d from them : 
 Seeing whereas the fame Pope had in and by thefe 
 very Balls, not only confirmed unto the Por- 
 ingiufe their title to fuch places, as they were 
 not only pofiefs d of in the Eafi-Indics, but to 
 all other vvhatfoever in that Eeflem quarter of 
 the World, tor the Occupying and Inheriting 
 whereof they had formerly obtain’d Bulls of 
 other Pipes, and particularly of Eugenios IV. 
 excluding all others from trading thither, yet 
 notwithstanding of this, they of Ca.flilc laid 
 Claim to the Molnceao Iflands, to which Ferdi¬ 
 nand Magclanus had found a palfage by the 
 South-Weft of America, and continu’d to aflert 
 and defend their Fretcnfions to them, until 
 John King of Portugal, by leading the Emperor 
 Charles V.' 3 50000 Ducats, upon condition, that 
 He and his Heirs fnould forbear trading to the 
 Moluccas till the Money were repaid y they de¬ 
 clin’d 
 
(v ) 
 
 din’d the maintaining their Title to thofe 
 Illands, and laid alide their trading to them. 
 
 Nor is it unworthy of remark, as well for 
 the chicane as the pleafantry, and divertile¬ 
 nient of it, that the Pope having divided the 
 new World into two Hemifvkercs , allotting 
 the Weficrn to the.Spa.nia.rds,and th cEa.ftcm to the 
 Tomgnefc , how that they cording to difagree 
 about their rcfpcttivc Sbans, each of them lay¬ 
 ing claim (as I have faid before ) to the Mo¬ 
 lucca Ip.nds , as falling by that divillon within 
 their Portion, and the deciiion of the calc, 
 feeming to depend upon Mathematical Calcula¬ 
 tions, about which the men of skill in Geography, 
 being confulted on both Tides, the Spaniards 
 and Portngneje did in reference thereunto, dif¬ 
 fer from one another almolt Forty decrees, in 
 their fixing of the Longitude , and fo dogma¬ 
 tical and obftinatc were both in their accounts, 
 that orders were given by pnblick Beliefs, for 
 fixing the Degrees and Meridians , ill their fc- 
 veral Charts and Maps, as they had been dine- 
 rently determined by the two Nations. 
 
 Finally that which Hill Ihews a further flight 
 
 put upon thofe Bulls, by the very Spaniards 
 themfclves is this, namely, that no fooner had 
 Americas Fefpup.s difeover’d the South Sea, and 
 found ftore of Excellent Timber, for buil¬ 
 ding of Ships, near to an excellent Port, that 
 was but one league diftant from that Sea, 
 and which Fefpup-n. called Palio ? then that ha¬ 
 ving immediately built two Mariana W. „r Spah 
 
 Ships there, he failed from lib 26. up. 2. a;.iiH?rrera’s 
 thence to the Northern parts hiU.cftkeW’eft indies die. 2.1. 
 of the Eafl Indies, and begun lib ' 5 ■ 4 c P tu 3 - d «p. 9. 
 in the Reign of Charles the 5 th. to fettle a Colony 
 there upon one of thofe Iflands, which afterwards 
 F a upon 
 
( 7 2 ) 
 
 upon the perfecting of that Plantation in the 
 time of Philip the id. came to be called the 
 Philippine Ifltmds , where to this day they have a 
 Colony, and keep pofTellion of them in fcornand 
 contempt of the Pope’s Bulk, by which all the Eaft- 
 Indies were granted to the Portuguefe. 
 
 The Third and laft thing that I would 
 upon this occafion, and in order to the clearer 
 determination of the point in difpute, is, that 
 whatfoever right of propriety, and dominion 
 the Spaniards may have, by the Title and upon 
 the foot of Conqueft acquired in and over the 
 Empires of Mexico and Peru, and fuch Countries 
 and Provinces , that were dependent upon, SubjcB 
 and Tributary unto thofe two Empires , yet they 
 cannot thereby have obtained any Jurifdiction 
 Title ox Claim ofpolFe(Tion over, in, and to thofe 
 regions , dittricts and places of America which as 
 they have never Subdued , fo they of thofe pla¬ 
 ces were not nor at any time had been in 
 r.iff i/lagc or Subjection to the Monarchs and So- 
 veraign Rulers of either of thofe Empires. I could 
 very'jullly have laid down the Popdatm , and 
 propoiitiou more at large, and at the fame time 
 been able to juftify it both by Reafon and Au¬ 
 thority ^ and to have proved and made it good, 
 as well by Artificial as Inartificial Arguments : 
 namely that whatfoever Legal right, th zSpani- 
 "ards may have acquired to thofe Lands and 
 Territories in America of which they are polfef- 
 fed, by the claim and upon the foot of preferi- 
 ptlon thro’ their having Inhabited, occupied and 
 inherited them for above 200 years, without 
 interruption,difleifure, or difpofTelfion ; yet they 
 never obtained a Lawful and righteous Title un¬ 
 to, or a Legal Jurifdiftion over them, upon 
 the bap and foundation of having Conquered the 
 
( 7 ? ) 
 
 Mexican and Permian i mpcrors and Empires in 
 and by a Juft War, buc than they rather fub- 
 ducd, and deftroyed thofe Monarch , and Poff- 
 fed themfelves of their Dominions , by Fraud, 
 
 Violence and Ufurpation. Now Pifendorf tells 
 ns, and that agreeably to the opinion of all 
 Civilians , that per folam vim injnflam , non pojfe Differ tat 
 alicni Soltdum Jus qit.tri , CF cm exadvcrfu.rn^ ob- acadein, 
 ligatio coufcientiam ftrhigens refpondeat , nifi viti- S-deU. p. 
 um acquifitionis pmjatum f temper accident cm poft 29 
 r.ovam cUiftam qua per fe jnsparere idonca eft. No 
 right is acquired, or doth arife or accrue to any, 
 by the alone and lingle means of unjuft Violence 
 and Force •, nor do a People become obliged 
 and bound in confidence to pay Fealty, and Al¬ 
 legiance, and to yield Obedience to fitch, as 
 have llnrightcoufly and without Caufr, or 
 Provocation, Overpowered and Mafter’d them, 
 unlefs and until fomcthing clfe doth interpole 
 and intervene, that may create and give a Ti¬ 
 tle, and right of Domination, Rule and Autho¬ 
 rity unto the Former and beget ties of legal 
 Subjection and Obedience in the latter, For as 
 
 Crothss affirms to the fame purpofe, That Actus 
 imperij invafms quos cxerca^ nullum vim habere D- 
 pojfunt ex ipfins Jure , quod nullum eft. That no 
 Invader meerly as fuch, and under that redu- 11a ^' ‘if ‘ 
 plication hath a right of exacting Fealty and ‘ ’ 
 
 Obedience of the Subjects of thole Princes, 
 whom they have without Jultice violently and 
 forcibly aflaulted. That Onicquid Jure pcjftdc- 
 tur , injuria aufertur • What any rightfully poftrjfeth , 
 he cannot fave injurioufiy be djjlifcd oft is engraven 
 upon the minds of all men, as a part of the 
 Legiflation of the Divine Creator, conveyed 
 unto us with our Natures. Nor can it be 
 denied by any, who do believe that there are 
 
( 74 ) 
 
 fiich things, as Right and Wrong among men, 
 
 See de las Cafas of the Von- al if D ? d «„ Law j 
 
 vs, &c. of tie Spaniards to tk wh >ch enjoyn, what is Juft, and 
 Weft-Indies, p. 147. Englifi prohibit what is unjuft 4 blit 
 
 tranjhitict:,$t alibi paffim. tsV. that the Wars which theS/wn- 
 ,. Mar ‘ G ' na .' ards made upon the Emtcnn 
 JdeUso !Mexico and . Tern, and upon 
 If in that pm called Conqui- luch Supreme Rulers and Gove/, 
 fa dell’ Indie. noun of thofe other America: 
 
 Territories and Countries where¬ 
 of they are become poflefled, were the moil 
 groundlefs, unrighteous and unjuft, as well a; 
 the molt bloody inhumane and barbarous, that 
 ever were either begun, or carried on in any 
 part of the World: Seeing that tho’ thofe Po¬ 
 tentates, Rulers, and their People and Subjects 
 were not Chri(Hans (and for anything that we 
 do know, were never provided of means nor 
 furnifhed with advantages of being fuch) yet 
 they were as Lawful Kings, Princes, and Go- 
 vernours of their feVeral and refpective Domi¬ 
 nions, Territories, and Diltricls in America 
 and as Legal Proprietors of their Demefns and 
 PoiTelfions there, as any European Prince or Peo¬ 
 ple whatsoever arc in reference either-unto the 
 Authority and Jurifdiction, which they have and 
 do exercife in this part of thcTerreftrial Globe, 
 or to the Lands and Goods where they do here 
 inhabit,and which they do enjoy and poflefs. For 
 Infidels being rational Creatures, as well as other 
 men arc, they are thereupon Sociable, as well 
 as they, and confequently capable of entring 
 into Societies, and agreeing upon Laws for the 
 Government of themy and indeed to have Go- 
 vernours and to be Governed, are equally co- 
 mon to all forts of men, whether they Wor- 
 ftip God or Idols, being things that have 
 their 
 
( 75 ) 
 
 their foundation in the light of Nature, and 
 not in Revelation. And therefore, Civil Do- 
 iminiou and Property, being no ways founded 
 .in Grace, or in the Orthodoxy of Faith, but in 
 Principles of Nature which guide men to pro¬ 
 vide for their own fafety, it is as much a viola¬ 
 tion of the Laws of God, and of Nations, to 
 Invade the Countries of thofe Sovereigns and 
 to deprive thofe Potentates of their Domini¬ 
 ons, without a previous and antecedent juft 
 ■reafon and caufe, and it is as heinous an of- 
 [fence, againft the Laws both of Nature and Re¬ 
 velation to rob and plunder their People of 
 •what they had and enjoyed, as it is for any one 
 ‘ King and people in this Chriftian part of the 
 •World to do the like againft and upon any 
 other in this Hcmijjhcre , and who are of the 
 fame belief of the Gofpel that they who la- 
 . vade them are. 
 
 Nor have there hitherto been, nor hereafter 
 can, any reafons be produc’d, for IcgitlmaAvg 
 and juftifyiti? the War of the Spaniards, upon 
 
 and. againft the natural Princes and the Natives 
 of the IVcfr-Indies, but which do with greater 
 ’ evidence proclaim, and more Angularly aggra¬ 
 vate and enhance the guilt of it. For to d- 
 ledge that they were Idolaters , and that there¬ 
 fore it was lawful, to make War upon, and 
 to deftroy and extirpate them, is direftiy re¬ 
 pugnant to all the Principles of Humanity, 
 the Maxims of Evangelical Mecknefs, and the 
 Methods eftabliflfd by our Lord JESUS Chrift 
 for the Propagation of the Chriftian Faith; 
 as well as to all the Laws of Nature, Revela- 
 tbn and Nations. And as the time once was, 
 wheu all the Nations even of Europe, Aji.t and 
 Africk , 
 
(7<S) 
 
 Africk , five the fingle and little People of the 
 Jews , were grofs and open Idolaters ; fo I do 
 not believe that any are fo far void of good 
 Scnfe, and of humane Sentiments, as to think 
 that the Jews, had they been powerful enougli 
 to have attempted it, Rood warranted and an- 
 thorized to have depopulated the Earth, thro’ 
 deltroying the Inhabitants of it. And conli- 
 dering how the fame Character of being Idolaters 
 is byimoft of thofeofall Countries that arc ftiled 
 Reformed faflen’d upon the Spaniards themfelves, 
 becaufe of divers Religious Actions in their Pon- 
 tifeian Worlhip, it is not therefore to confult 
 well for their own fafety, to inveft thofe who 
 do both believe and call them fo, with a right 
 of Slaughtering and Murdering them upon that 
 account. 
 
 And whereas it may poflibly be pretended, 
 that the Spaniards had juft caufe adminiflxr’d 
 unto them, of making War upon the Indian:, 
 even almolt to the extirpating of them, in that 
 the Potentates and People of America , would not 
 admit them to Trade and refide peaceably among 
 them: It is as irrational and barbarous an Al¬ 
 legation as the former, and is withal uncon- 
 troulably falfe with refpect to matter of id:.', 
 which the other was not. For abftrafting from 
 the queftion, whether one People may not law¬ 
 fully exclude and debar another from Traf 
 ticking with them, and fettling in their Conn- 
 try, which why it may not be done in other 
 Cafes, bclides that of open Hofbility, I will not 
 at this time take upon me to decide; but that 
 which I do aflirni, is, That the Spaniards had 
 no provocation of that kind given them for 
 their making Whir upon the AW W It be- 
 
(77) 
 
 ing declared and recorded by their own Hijlo - 
 rians and Writers, that the Indians receiv’d 
 them chearfully, and treated them amicably, 
 and entertain’d them according to all the rules 
 of Hofpitality and Friendfllip; yea, both well- 
 com’d and efteem’d them rather as Gods than as 
 Men, until the Spaniards, by their Barbarities 
 perpetrated upon the Natives, provoked them 
 to feek and endeavour, how to preferveand 
 defend themfelves from their brutal and hellilh 
 Rage. So that, tho’ there be not the leaft 
 fhadow of truth in that pretence for the Spa¬ 
 niards having made War for Forty Years fuc- 
 ceflively, tiled all the Arts of Fraud, Treache¬ 
 ry and Violence, for deftroying and extermi¬ 
 nating them, which they fo far efFeded, as to 
 Murder above Forty Millions of Men, Women, 
 and Children, to the laying wafte fomc of the 
 largeft and fined. Countries in the World, and 
 the rendring them in a manner deftitute of In¬ 
 habitants •, yet the folly and impertinence of 
 thofe who produce this as a reafon, and in ju- 
 ffification of the War that was made upon the 
 Indians , are too obvious and remarkable to be 
 overlook’d, and filently omitted: Seeing by the 
 fame reafon, and upon the fame motive, that 
 they feek and endeavour, to have the Spaniards 
 either excufed or juftified in what they did a- 
 gainit the Natives of America \ an European Na¬ 
 tion that hath Strength and Power enough to 
 fall upon the Spaniards in their IVcjJ-India Pro¬ 
 vinces, and is able to drive them thence, be¬ 
 comes warranted and authorized to do it, in 
 that it is their avowed principle and pradice, 
 to permit none to Plant and Trade there hefides 
 themfelves. 
 
( 7 « ) 
 
 So that it being apparent front tbe wholt, 
 
 that hath been faid under this Head, that the 
 War which the Spaniards made againft the & 
 lers and Inhabitants of the Weft-Indies, who were 
 the Ancient Natives, was, upon all account;, 
 molt unrighteous and unjuft, it doth from thence 
 unanfwerably follow, That no Title in thofej 
 Dominions can arife and accrue unto them 
 from their having been Vi tiers and Conf.m\ 
 in that War. It being impoflible that what si 
 lawful and juft, ihould be the natural, prop: 
 and immediate effeft of what is in it felf, Wi: 
 ked, Abominable and Villainous. And therefoi 
 fuch of the Spanijh Nation as havj 
 See de las Cafas nc- been wife and honeft, they do re. 
 
 TiZ-LfeslFtie^i n0l,nce °f Right ' n th 
 
 niardsTJ Weft-in- Crown of Spain to a Soveraignit; 
 dies ,/rem.p. 13670161 and Junfdiaion over thofe Conn- 
 cf the Englith Tunfa- tries, and the having a legal pro- 
 xion ' petty in them, on the Foot and 
 
 Foundation of Conytcft, and are willing tt 
 place and fettlet on the. bottom of their owi! 
 Occupation and Pojftfion, and quiet acquiefcenc; 
 of the Natives. And indeed when Columbus ha: 
 firft difcove r> d the Wef-Indies, and was aboti 
 to eftablifn Celmle in th-Te Provinces, and be¬ 
 ing at his fccond Voyage to N.j.an.ela, advifei 
 by foine ct ins own People, and pai ticularlj 
 by 011c Father £ to iicze upon Guaianagd, 
 that wa? an /■’- 'a ling, and flood accufed for 
 having Murdei d fome Cftinam, whom aim 
 bm had left there upon his firft Voyage thither, 
 he not only refus’d to do it, but declar’d that 
 he came not. into thofe Countries upon a Dcftf 
 ra^d-'c' 1 1 ' °f orce -> twr in order to make a Conqneft, bn 
 
 lib. 2.c. t)} n a ftaccablc and gentle way, and to fettle with th 
 cenfent of the Natives, I r 
 
( 79 ) 
 
 In brief, tho’ neither any crimes again!!; God, 
 wherewith the Indians were chargeable, nor 
 any undue and inhumane -carriages towards the 
 Spaniards , at their firlt Landing in America, 
 whereof fome have had both the Impudence 
 ;and Indifcretion to accufe them, were either 
 ’ juft motives according to the Morals of Idea- 
 Ithens or Chriftians, or allowable by the Laws 
 | of Nations, as Lawful caufes for the Spaniards 
 [making War upon that People, yet both the 
 \occafwns of it on the part of tile Natives, and 
 1 the real Inducements unto it on the fide of 
 ;the Spaniards , are too obvious and apparent, to 
 [ efcape the Obfervation and Notice of any per- 
 i fon, that is converfant in Hiftory. Namely, 
 
 'that the Simplicity, Meeknefs, Patience and 
 illnacquainfednefs with Arms, and Martial Dif- 
 jcipline, and their being ill provided of Wea- 
 | pons, either Offenfive or Defensive, together 
 | with their abounding with Wealth, and their 
 | Countries being ftored with Gold and Silver 
 [Mines, were the true occasions of that War, 
 
 | on the fide of the Indians, and an inlatiable 
 l Avarice, a Brutal Infolence, and unquencha- 
 1 hie third: after Blood, were the real caufes of 
 I it, on the part of the Spaniards who under 
 1 all their pretences, of converting thofe Infidels 
 to the Chriftian Faith and Worihip, intended ^pelas 
 ; principally if not only, the deftroying and raids v.bi 
 j extirpating of them, and converting their Supra, 
 
 | Countries and their Treafures to their own l!:> / tfj \ 
 i u p e> i vhoUBott* 
 
 ' Whereunto may be further added under this 
 : head,that the Murtlier of the Empci oars of Afexi- 
 , w and Pot, and the destroying all fuch as were 
 , wtheRoyal Lines,ofthofe two greatMonarchical 
 j Families, ; 
 
(8o) 
 
 Families, which was perpetrated againft all th 
 mealures and obligations of Gratitude, Truth 
 Honour, Equity and Juftice, and with all tin 
 Treachery and Inhumanity imaginable, gaveni 
 Legal fnrisdiElion to the Spaniards, over fuel 
 as\ad been Subjects or Vaflals to thofe Sove- 
 raigns, in that the Spaniards did not fet them- 
 felves up, and lay claim to an Authority, ia 
 order to Govern the Mexicans and Peruvian j 
 to their Advantage and Benefit, but that the] 
 might extirpate and exterminate them. Ani 
 Governments being at firlt inftituted, for the 
 fafety of a People and not for their mine: 
 Kings being as Jriftotle faith, ordained forth, 
 good of Kingdoms , and not Kingdoms for the Litj. 
 and Pleafnre of Kings , to be Tyrannised over & 
 they will , fuch can never acquire any right ti 
 Rule and Govern a Country, vvhofe defigt 
 work and. endeavour were to depopulate it 
 And if on the firppofition, that it were pof 
 fiblc for one, that is a Legitimate Soveraigf 
 and Monarch, to entertain a purpofe of ma 
 king an Unlveuh.l delhruction of his People 
 inftead of Pictevtiiig them (which I do reallj 
 think and believe no Prince whatfoever is a 
 pable of, wlio is not fitter for Bedlam than] 
 Throne, and who ucedcth not rather to te 
 Bound iii Chains, than to be accounted fit to 
 fway a Mepter, as being more Mad and Di- 
 ltraScd, than any that are kept at Hogsden j 
 it were Lawful for his very Subje&s, without 
 the Violation of their Allegiance, to reilmin 
 and refill hinij Surely then it ought much 
 more to be eiteemed, not only Lawful but an 
 indifpenlible Duty, to withlfand and oppofe 
 thofe, to whom they had never been Subjects; 
 
paid Fealty, or yielded Obedience, that Ihonlcl 
 challenge an Authority and Jurifdi&ion over 
 them,meerly that they might in the escrdfe 
 thereof, MalTacrc and Exterminate them, 
 which was directly the cafe of the People of 
 the Weft-ladies, in relation to the Spaniards, 
 both at their firft Landing among them, 
 and for a long leries of Years after. So that 
 this ferveth to Vindicate from blame, not on¬ 
 ly all t’nofe few and Email Retaliations , which any 
 of the Native Indians were capable of making 
 upon the Spaniards, in Killing them wherefo- 
 ever they could conveniently find, and were 
 itrong enough to Mailer them; but it doth a- 
 bundantly jnftify the ivithdrmrnicm of all tho'fe 
 that could, from a dependence upon the Um¬ 
 pires of Mexico and Fcm, as they are now be¬ 
 come veiled iimihe Kinys of Spain, tho’ they 
 had been anciently either Subjects, or Valla Is, 
 or Feudatories unto them, and their erecting 
 themfclvcs into Free, Abfolutc and Independent: 
 Governments, that thereby inf cad of falling 
 under, and being forced to fubmit to the Spa- 
 nifti jurildidion, they might be the bettera- 
 ble •#>' Wkhltand their power, and to defend 
 thenMveS againll all the pretenlions of the 
 Spaniards, in their claim of Authority over 
 them. And if the length of time, wherein 
 the Spaniards have not only been in the quiet 
 pollefiion, but in the cxcrcilc of Rule and 
 Government, over fuch and Inch Weft-India Pro¬ 
 vinces, Countries and Diltrius, that have, ci¬ 
 ther actively, or paflively, fubmitted to them, 
 gives them a Title thereunto by Frefr'ption, 
 then certainly by parity of Reafon, and on the 
 fame foot of account, are they who ( upon the 
 
 G Spaniards 
 
Spaniards getting into Pojfejfm of Mexico and 
 Peru, and there treating of the Natives in the 
 manner above related) withdrew themfelves 
 from any further Dependence on thofe Empires , 
 and became ere&ed into diftincf, free and in¬ 
 dependent Governments , made likewife entitled 
 to there Poffejfions , and JurifdiBions , by the fame 
 tenor and claim of Prefcription. Nor is it to 
 be denied, but that there are feveral Societies 
 and bodies of Indians within the ancient Pre- 
 cinfts and Limits of the forefaid Empires, who to 
 this day, inftead of fubmitting to thejurifdi&ion 
 of the Spaniards, are in continual and conftant 
 War with them. Whereof though a Multitude 
 of Iuftances might be affigned, yet for the lake 
 of Brevity, I flsall only mention two. Of which 
 one (hall be the Colleftion or Herd of Indians, 
 within the bounds of the Kingdom of Gnati- 
 SceGrMs mala, whom the Spaniards have not hitherto 
 surveydi. Conquered, but would fain fubdue, in order 
 sf‘?9- P- both .to the fetling a Commerce with fome 
 100, 161. p art5 0 p from the doing whereof they 
 
 <a' 3 ° 5 ‘ are kindred by thofe Natives, and for theo- 
 peninga way, for the conveying theb;.goods 
 over Land to the Havana, which th$yj reckon 
 would be often more for theiroyf#ety, 
 than the venturing them thither by Sea, from 
 the G.'dpij. The other which 1 would menti¬ 
 on is, that Sept and Tribe of'Indians, who re¬ 
 main imbodied cm the Northern part of the 
 Province of New Mexico, who are both Vali¬ 
 ant, and in implacable Hoifility with the Spa¬ 
 niards, and whom they are more deiirous to 
 bring Nto Subjection, than any other that are 
 imfubdacd, becaufe of the rich Gold and Sil¬ 
 ver Mines, which they knew to lie in the 
 Mountains, arid within the Diitricts which thofe 
 Natives 
 
( «3) 
 
 Natives pofTefs, where they have hitherto co¬ 
 vered and defended themfelves, againft the pow¬ 
 er of the Spaniards. 
 
 Finally, if the Crown of Spain, cannot right¬ 
 fully pretend unto any Sovereignty over thole, 
 whom I have mention’d, it is then ApodiBicaliy 
 evident, that thro’ their having maffer’d Mexi¬ 
 co and Pern, and got into poffellion of thofe 
 Empires, (and by reafon of a long and quiet 
 Occupation, are come to be univerfally ac¬ 
 knowledg’d to have a Right in them, fo far 
 as they "are poifefs’d, and fubmitted unto by 
 the Natives) they can lay no Claim of Title , Au¬ 
 thority or Jurifdiftion whatfoever,unto and over 
 fuch Places and People, who, as they never were 
 in any way or manner dependant upon, or Feu¬ 
 datory to the forementioivd Empiresfo they 
 were never fubdued by, nor yielded any Fealty 
 or Obedience to the Spaniards-, but inlfead 
 thereof have all along been either in terms of 
 Hoftility, or in aftual War with the Spaniards , 
 and have defended themfelves, and preferved 
 their Territories from being over-run, fubdued, 
 occupycd, and inhabited by them. Which is 
 the plain and direft Cafe of thofe of that part 
 of the Iftlnmts of Darien, where the Scots, with 
 confent of the Natives, and of their Rulers, have 
 Landed, and are about fctling a Colony. 
 
 And this doth both conduft me more near¬ 
 ly, and let me in more clofely to the Matter 
 and Affair, which my delign in the writing of 
 this Difcourfe, is'to vindicate and jultifyj 
 namely, That the Scot in their endeavouring to 
 eftablifh their Colony at Caledonia, at the Port f , 
 and upon the Harbour Ada in the Iftbmtts of 
 Darien, have made no Invafion upon the Do¬ 
 minions, Territories, or Demefns of His Ca- 
 G 3 tklick 
 
( 8 4 ) 
 
 il.olick Majcfty, nor have thereby done any thing 
 which may be call'd an Inf ration of Treaties 
 and Alliances between the Crowns of Great Bri- 
 tain and of Spain. Now that I may manage 
 this undertaking, both with all the Perfpicuity, 
 and with all the Candor imaginable, I lhall 
 freely grant unto the Spaniards whatfoever in 
 Juflice and Reafon Ihould not bedeny’d them: 
 That I may the more methodically, the better, 
 and with the lefs offence to any afterwards de¬ 
 ny unto them fnch Prctenffons and Claims, as 
 they have no grounds, either in Laws, or in 
 Compacts and Stipulations for the demanding 
 of. I do therefore willingly and with great rea- 
 dineR allow them to have a Title unto, and a 
 Propriety ill Mexico and Peru , and fuch other 
 'Provinces and Ijlands in America , where they 
 have Plantations and Colonics , to fuch dimen- 
 iions, fo far, and to that extent of limits and 
 bounds, as they do actually occupy and are in the 
 poflcfllon of. For notwithftanding that their en¬ 
 trance into, and firft fcttlement in thofe Coun¬ 
 tries, was moftly in the way of Force, Vio¬ 
 lence and Ufurpation, and accompany’d with 
 the greateft Barbarities, horridclt Cruelties, 
 and molt execrable Malfacrcs which it was poffi- 
 blc for Men to practifc, commit and perpe¬ 
 trate ^ from, and bywhich.no juft and legal 
 Title could rcfult and accrue unto them in and 
 over thofe Territories,as I have already Faid, yet 
 thro’ their having for fo long, and for fuch an 
 uninterrupted feries of Years, peaceaby pofftffd 
 and inhabited fuch and fuch places in the Wcf 
 Indies , there is from thence, according to the 
 Laws of Nations, -a Hr/t rifen unto and become 
 veiled in them by Prefcription over thefe Pro¬ 
 vinces, 
 
vifices, Iiles, and Diftrifis, that uiilcfs in the 
 cafe of adual War, none may or can difturb, 
 diffeize or expel them, without the doing that 
 which is unlawful, unjuft, injurious, and high¬ 
 ly 'Criminal. For if Pnfcription fhould not be 
 acknowledg’d to create and give unto a Prince 
 or People a Title to a Country, Province, or 
 Territory, fo far as he or they may have been 
 poilefled of them; and if a peaceable and un- 
 difturb’d Occupation for an hundred or two hun¬ 
 dred Years be not confeffed fufficient time to 
 found Pnfcription upon, the Right of many 
 Princes, as well as of Common Men, w'ould be 
 very queftionable to what they call their Inhe¬ 
 ritances, and Matter and Caitfe would thereby 
 be adminilfred, of Bloody Wars as well as ol 
 litigious and cxpenlive Sutes in Courts of Law, 
 both between Rulers, and between private Sub¬ 
 jects, in moft places in the World. 
 
 But whereas upon this Concede;; which I have 
 , made, it may poflibly be bid and alledged by 
 fome, that thro’ the Spaniards having a- right 
 of Soveraignity and Dominion in and over 
 Mexico and Pent, they mult confequcntly be 
 own’d to have a legal Title to all the Provinces, 
 Diftricls, and Places, that had been formerly, 
 and particularly at the Caftilians landing in 
 America, were parts of, Feudatory unto, or any 
 ways dependant upon thole Empires: It being a 
 Maxim in the Englifh, as well as in all other LaWs, 
 That the Poffeffwn of a part in a Pcrfon or Pcr- 
 finis that have the Fight, gives unto them a juft 
 Claim of Poffeffion to the whole. WhcreuntO die 
 Anfwers that may be given are obvious from 
 Wliat hath been offer’d and laid down in the 
 foregoing Pofhtlata and Premifes■, namely, firft. 
 
(B6) 
 
 That the whole imported in that Maxim, doth 
 only refer unto, and obtain in reference to ftich, 
 who had been, and were the legal and rightful 
 Proprietors of fnch and fuch Dominions and 
 Territories, or who had thro’ a Conqueft in a 
 juft War, cut out and made a Title to thcin- 
 felves by their Swords; whereas it fignifictl 
 nothing, nor is of any validity to the giving 
 a legal Claim and Title unto, i and over any 
 parts of a Country, further than as they are 
 actually occupyed and polTefTed, to thofe who 
 neither had ancient Propriety in and over thofe 
 Dominions, nor had come to acquire any in 
 way of Conqueft: by a juft War. Which be¬ 
 ing the plain and direft cafe of the Spaniards, 
 even in relation to the Empires of Mexico and 
 Terns, it may therefore be affirm’d, and that 
 confonantly both to all the Rules of Laws, and 
 the Meafurcs of Equity and Juftice, and that 
 from the CnftMans having inhumanely, favagely, 
 and trcacheroufly Murder’d' iheEmperors ofMcxin 
 and Pern, and the having deftroy’d all thofe oi 
 each of thofe ImperialLwwas they could byfraud 
 or violence get within the circle of their Power, 
 and thc-ir having fet themfelves to Slaughter, 
 MalTacre and Exterminate the Natives, as far as 
 their might and ftrength, excited and influen¬ 
 ced by Malice, Rage, Avarice, and infatiable 
 thirfl after Blood could extend and reach; I 
 fay it may be affirm d, that from thence and 
 thereupon no Right or Title of 1 Propriety or 
 Dominion did arife unto the Spaniards in and 
 over thofe Empires, further than they cams 
 quietly to inhabit, and were fubmitted unto; 
 but that rather thereupon the Natives of thofe 
 two Empires were at liberty to account thefe 
 
( 8 ? ) 
 
 two great Monarchies to be entirely difolv'd , 
 ■ and might reckon that they thcmfelves were in 
 : effect reduc’d back again to the State of Nature, 
 and that whatfoever Power and Authority had 
 cither by primitive Compatts and Agreements, 
 or by tacit Siibmijfwns been vetted in thole 
 Monarch!, and their Hereditary Sttcccfirs, was 
 become wholly vacated and annulled , not only 
 . as to them and their legal Heirs, but to all 
 fuch who llionld pretend to arife and fet up 
 in their room, in the vertue of any Claim re- 
 fulting from their having defbroy’d and mur¬ 
 der’d thofe Monarchs and that the Power and 
 Jurifdiction of the ancient Emperors of Mexico 
 and Pern being altogether extinguifh’d, there 
 was thereby a Right as well as a Freedom refto/d 
 unto and devolv'd upon the Natives, of difpo- 
 fing thcmfelves, how, to whom, and after what 
 manner they pleas’d, fo that they might choofe 
 what Governors, and ereft what Government 
 they would, in order to their being kept in 
 peace and fafety among themfelves, and be 
 protected and defended from and againft all 
 fuch as ihould hoftilely invade them. 
 
 So that whofoever of thofe Indians, who 
 had formerly been dependant upon and fubject 
 unto the Empires of Mexico andPrra, did, for 
 the veafons I have mention’d, withdraw them¬ 
 felves from being for the future any ways un¬ 
 der thofe Empires, or any parts or brandies 
 of them, and became united and confederated 
 into diftinft, feparate and independant Commu¬ 
 nities, erefting Governments, and choofing Go¬ 
 vernors of their own j As the Spaniards can law¬ 
 fully pretend to no legal Claim of Right and 
 Authority over them-, fo it is not only free 
 G 4 ' for 
 
( 88 ) 
 
 for tliofc Indians to admit any European or other 
 Nation to come, and to fettle, and to plant 
 among them, but they may upon the motive 
 and guidance of their own liitcrclt, as well in¬ 
 vite as receive any fort of People to plant and 
 rclidc among them, that [hall fhew themfelves 
 willing, and who nlay be able to aflifl thole 
 Natives againft the Spaniards who make War up¬ 
 on and feck to opprefs them. 
 
 Yid. paf- -I 701 ’ :1S Civilians do generally agree, Si popu. 
 
 lus vcl pnpriis viyilms vcl fiociorum jitgum hofiilt 
 Nat. ad excufifcnt , fine cl/tbio libertatem & fiatum antiquum 
 iT'-'V's mn P cm ' bVhenfiotver a Ttopic , that hath bun 
 drove out of their Poffejftons , do either by their own 
 ,r Power , or by the aid and affiance of their Allies, 
 
 refine themfelves from the Yoke and Dominion of 
 their Enemies , they immediately thereupon do le¬ 
 gally recover both their Liberty and Right to what- 
 fioever they were differed of • and this is call’d 
 ’fits pofliminhtm cjitod nafitur cx reditu in limen, 
 
 Viii.Groi. To which purpofe Grotius fays from Pomponm , 
 
 Bell ' 1 '' 1 ' Expulfis hofibus cx agets ejitos ccperant , dominia 
 I-Va. li !).:■» comm ad priorcs dominos redeimt, Vpon the cx- 
 t, V ,S.) f pnlfon of Enemies out of fitch Territories whereof 
 they were by Invafion and Vfitrpation become pof- 
 fefied, the I'ropritty and Dominion of thofie Lands 
 do return unto finch who had been the first Lords 
 and Owners of them. Nor is any length of time 
 allow'd by fomc of the boil Civilians fuflicient 
 to give a Tide, fo much as by Prcfcription un¬ 
 to fuch who by force and violence were got¬ 
 ten into the Occupation of Countries and Ter¬ 
 ritories, in cafe they whom they had fubdued 
 gave no ilgns of their fubmiflion to them, 
 nor any ways teftify’d their receiving of them 
 for their Rulers and Lords. Nullum tempus , fays 
 
Ojie, fufficit ad acqnirendum fitmmm imperimn, Vkl 
 am partem efts neccffariam,nolcnte primp pojfcjfore, 
 quod ftgnifcatur etiam filcntio qitando locpii non un¬ 
 dent. *No length of time wherein an Vftaper 
 pojfeffeth, can w/ him in a rightful 'jurifditiion 
 and Dominion, while he wants the confent in feme 
 manner intimated of thofe that were the firfi legal 
 Inheritors, and that their very filenee is enough to 
 pew their refnfal of becoming Subjects , when their 
 circumflances are fitch, that they dare not exprefs 
 their difclaiming his Sovcragnity over them. For 
 ill fome cafes it is enough that they murmur, 
 tho’ they dare not exprefs their hatred •, feeing 
 that they do not relift, is not becaufe they 
 would not, but by reafon that they cannot; 
 and their being tame and blent under a Force , 
 which they can neither withftand. nor throw 
 offj do no more declare and exprefs their fub- 
 milfion, than a Man approves of his being 
 robb’d, when without contradiction or quar¬ 
 relling, he delivers his Purfe to a Thief whom 
 he knows to be too ftrong for him. 
 
 Yea, Secondly, it may be farther added in 
 way of anfwer, That the whole which can be 
 fupposYl to follow upon, and to refult from 
 the forementiond Maxim in Lav/, is only that 
 the Spaniards may thereupon and from thence 
 pretend to a Title of Right in, and of Dominion 
 over all fuch Places in America , as had anci¬ 
 ently been either dircftly and immediately 
 fubjecl to, or by one way or another depen¬ 
 dant upon the foremention’d Empires \ but it 
 doth in no maimer concern or afFeft the fet- 
 tlement of the Scots on the If hunts of Darien, 
 nor can it be pleaded as a reafon for giving 
 dilturbance to their Caledonian Colony. Foraf- 
 
 much 
 
(90 
 
 much as the Country of Darien, had never been 
 any part of, nor any ways Feudatory or tribu¬ 
 tary unto, nor in any manner whatfoever de¬ 
 pendant upon either of the forefaid Empires , 
 but was always a diftiiict, free, and indepen¬ 
 dent Country, and the Natives and Inhabitants 
 thereof, a diftinct, free and independent ’Peo¬ 
 ple. Nor hath the place of that Iftbmus, where 
 the Scots are particularly landed, and have be¬ 
 gun to erect Forts, and do purpofc to eftablilb 
 a Colony for Trade and Commerce, been ever 
 fubdued or inhabited by the Spaniards. To 
 which may be further added, That as the Di- 
 ftricl on that Iftbmus where the Scots have be¬ 
 gun their fettlenient was never dependant up¬ 
 on any part or place, where the Spaniards have 
 their Colonies within the Iftbmus , fo the Ruling 
 Natives of that little circuit where the Scots 
 are, and of whom they have obtain’d liberty 
 to fettle and plant, were never fubject to any 
 other Indian Sovereign or Government within 
 the Precincts of the Iftbmus. - 
 Which leads me to a fecond Conccfm , that 
 I am oblig’d to make unto the Spaniards , but 
 whereof that they can have no advantages, for 
 r!ie weakening or rendring controvertible a 
 right and legal Power and Liberty in the Sow 
 to fettle on the Iftbmus of Darien , I Ihall give 
 uncontradictable Reafons, and thofe fuch as 
 Ihall be founded both upon Laws and Falls. 
 That which I do then further grant unto them, 
 is this, namely, That bclides the many large 
 and numerous Colonies which the Crown of Spain 
 hath in divers other places of America , they 
 have alfo fcveral of very great importance and 
 profit, within and upon the Iftbmus of Darien. 
 
 Seeing 
 
( 9 1 ) 
 
 seeing the Spaniards are not only the undoub¬ 
 ted Majlcrs °f fcvcral places on the Bay of 
 Panama, and of the Coafl of the Iflhmits upon, 
 and towards the South-Sea ^ but they do like- 
 wife poffefs Carthagena, which ftands on a final} 
 Hand, and Porto kilo which is upon the Con¬ 
 tinent upon die North-Sea. Yea, I do more¬ 
 over acknowledge, that befides their having 
 heretofore poffefled Nombre dc Dios , and their 
 having Planted upon fome part of the River 
 Darim it felf, which are places nearer and more 
 adjacent to that little Diltrift and fpot of Land, 
 where the Scots have begun to fettle, than 
 thofe already mention'd, but which they have 
 lince relinquish!, and are wholly withdrawn 
 from: They have likewife at this very time 
 fomefmall Territories in their Occupation which 
 are not remov’d and diftanc’d much above ten 
 Or twelve Leagues from the Caledonia?! Colony and 
 New Edenburgh, where they are in the poffijp.on 
 of Mines, out of which they dig Gold: la re¬ 
 ference to all which places, as their Title and 
 Right of Propriety is readily confefs’d by the 
 Scots , as well as legally aliened by themfelvcs; 
 fo neither the Scots nor any other Nation 
 whatfoever, unlefs in cafe of open Hoftility in 
 a juft War, cm invade them there, or feek to 
 difpoftefs them from thence, without incurring 
 the guilt of great Injuftice, and becoming vio¬ 
 lators of the Laws of Nations. Nevetthelefs 
 nothing of all tiiis, that i have granted, can 
 or ought to be veafonably alledgcd as a legal 
 plea againft, a legitimate obftvuaion unto,"or 
 a lawful hindrance of the Scots eftablilhing a 
 Colony at the Port Ada , or the rendring it "in¬ 
 jurious and criminal in them, and an Iufra&ion 
 of 
 
(90 
 
 of Alliances, to poUels, with the content of 
 the Natives, the Country bordering upon, and 
 ■neigbouving unto it. Seeing the Equity and 1 
 Juftice of'what they have therein done, are 
 eafie to be deraonftvatcd from and by all the I 
 Ttflcb of Law, Reafon, and Fach, upon which 
 the fcttlemcnt of Colonies by Aliens, Foreig¬ 
 ners, or Strangers, in any parts of the World, 
 
 Iiavc been accounted lawful^ind do ill thccftceift 
 of Nations Hand jull'ify’d. 
 
 In order to the better and fuller clearing 
 whereof, it may not lie amifs to obferve, That 
 neither antecedently in the difeovery of that 
 part of ylmcrica by die Spaniards, and then be¬ 
 coming at firffc polMbrs of any places there, 
 nor at any time lince, was the Sovcraigilty 1 
 and Dominion of the whole Ifibnms of Damn 1 
 veiled in any one Perfon whatfoever, as the 
 folc and alone Ruler, Governor and Prince of 
 i t . But it anciently was, and has always hi¬ 
 therto been divided and diflributed into fevc- 
 val little Principalities and Jurifdictions, over 
 which they who bear the fupreme Sway, and 
 give Laws unto the reft of the Natives in their ! 
 different and rcfpeclive Precincts, and both had, 
 and ftill have, Obedience paid and yielded un- , 
 to diem, by thofe that were or are the Indigent ] 
 or Natural Inhabitants, deferv’d rather the 
 Name and Stile of Captains than the Title of Prin¬ 
 ces and Kings. And who, tho’ they be accor¬ 
 dingly call'd by the Natives Caciques , which is 
 a much lower appellation than thofe of Ingas, 
 and the being the Ojf-fping of the Sim, by 
 which Emperors of Peru and Mexico were 
 ■ yet they have been at all times both ab- 
 [elute within their fevcral refpectivc Diftricts, 
 
(93) 
 
 and altogether independent upon, and mmoun- 
 table to one another, or to any Potentate elfe 
 whatfoever*, and how contiguous foever their 
 Principalities may be, and tho’ never fo fmall, 
 narrow and contracted in their Dimenfions and 
 .Extents, yet further than 3s they became con¬ 
 federated and united together by leagues be¬ 
 tween one another againft their Enemies, and 
 particularly for mutual defence againfl the Spa¬ 
 niards^ whom they ever did, and ftill do account 
 their common Enemy, they luxe at all times 
 had an independent and abfolute Power and 
 Authority within each of their own particular 
 Bounds, which they have unaccountably to any 
 other Prince, Sovereign or Monarch whatfo¬ 
 ever, exercifed over fucli as did inhabit in their 
 feveral diftindt Circuits. 
 
 Nor is this a thing lingular and peculiar 
 to the People on the IJihmns of but 
 
 what hath been and iliil is common upon the 
 Continents and in the Illes of Ay..: and Africh as 
 well as in many other Countries, Provinces 
 and Iflands of America , belides that which I have 
 been fpeaking of. Nor can any Pcrfon that 
 pretends to have been converfent in Geography 
 or Hijiories be ignorant of this matter, where¬ 
 of all the Accounts and Narratives which we 
 have of thole three parts of the World do 
 fo fully and particularly inftruct us. Neither 
 ought wc to think it llrange, that this fhould 
 be the form, mode!, and manner of Govern¬ 
 ment on the forefaid Jftbuus , and that the 
 boundaries of fupreme Authority and Jurifdi- 
 ftion there, fhould be fo narrowly limited, 
 confin’d and circumfcrib’d, if we do but allow 
 our felvcs to obferve, how that there is the. 
 
( 94 ) 
 
 fame Species of Rule and Domination both as tc 
 quality and extent, to be every where found and 
 met with, in Bra file. Chili, Parana , Florida, Caro. 
 Una , Virginia, Malabar, and the Country which 
 is call’d"The Land of the Amazons, pf which 
 it is particularly remarkable, that there are a- 
 bovc F'fiy different Indian Nations, or diltinci 
 and indcpendant Softs, on the banks of the Ri¬ 
 ver that is fo call’d. 
 
 Nor was the like heretofore altogether un> 
 
 ufual and unexemplify’d in the European parts 
 of the World, whereof the feveral and diftinft 
 fupreme Principalities of the ancient Britain j 
 j n England, wherein Julius Cafar' s time, there; 
 Gail.w'.s. werc no fewer than four diftinft Kings in Kent 
 ck'Cmib- alone, namely, Cingetorix, Carviliits, Taxima- 
 ikr.’s Erit, gttlits, and Segona.v, or, as Cambden calls them 
 in Ca;::. Reguli vel melioris Note Nobiles ; Captains or 
 Perfons diftinguifh’d from the Vulgar by their 
 Power and Figure, and whofe Territories could 
 not be much larger, if of that extent, as the 
 Dijlritts of the feveral Caciques on the Iflbmm 
 of Darien are. And the like may be faid, on¬ 
 ly allowing them greater dimenfrons of Terri¬ 
 tory, of the Saxons during the Heptarchy after¬ 
 wards in the fame Country, as well as of the Scots 
 and Picls in the ancient Caledonia. Yea, and the 
 diltinft and different Sovereignties which were 
 * in Spain it felt, not only both before and after 
 it was a Roman Province, but even until lefs 
 than within thefe two lalt Centuries, As if- 1 
 on, Arragon, Navarre, Caftile and Portugal, un¬ 
 der which the Chriftians in Spain were divided • 
 and tliofe of Cordova, Shil, Malaga, Gran alt, 
 and others under the power of the Moors, not 
 to fpeak of the feveral independent and abfolute 
 
( 95 ) 
 
 Jurifdiclions, which are at this day both in Italy 
 and Tome other places,do abundantly confirm the 
 fame. And were not the Bible a. Book, that fome 
 men are little converfantin,they would not think 
 it a Banter, to have thole ftiled Independent,Ab- 
 folute and Sovereign Rulers, whofe^ Territories 
 are circumfcribed and confined within ftrait and 
 narrow limits. Seeing befides many Inftances of 
 that kind,which are to be met with in divers pla¬ 
 ces of the Sacred Hiftory, they would find that 
 
 Jojbua fubdued no fewer than 31 Kings in Canaan fof. 
 when he conquered the Land in order to fettle 
 the People of Ifrad in it, tho’ that Country was 
 not much larger in the whole extent and cir¬ 
 cumference of it, than fome fingle Counties of 
 England are j not to add that as there were feve- 
 ral Kings more, whom he did neither drive 
 out, nor deftroy, fo molt of the primitive Go¬ 
 vernments of the World were of that fort, 
 conftitution and complexion. 
 
 But to what hath been already find and repre- 
 fented under this head, there is further to be ad¬ 
 ded, that whatfoever roffcffwns^tht Spaniards have 
 obtained in that American Strait whether thro’ 
 their having conquered any of the Caciques , that 
 had their jurifdiclions there, or by their ha¬ 
 ving contracted Alliances, with thofe Indian 
 G over mars, and by Agreements with them and 
 the Natives acquired a Liberty to lit down, 
 plant, and to erect Colonies within the limits 
 and bounds of their little Territories and Prin¬ 
 cipalities } or how much foever they may have 
 encroached upon any of tliefe Captains whom 
 tiiey .have not wholly fubdued, and wrefted 
 part of their Lands and Jurifdidtions from them; 
 yet there are ftill divers of thefc Cuioncs 0- 
 
( 96 ) 
 
 ver the Native Indians , "who as neither tiny, 
 their People, nor their Territories, were ever 
 conquer’d by the Spaniards ; fo they never en¬ 
 ter’d into Agreements and Contracts with 
 them, nor have at any time granted liberty un¬ 
 to them, to fettle within the Precincts of 
 their Lands, Inheritances, and Demelhes, bat 
 have at all times been in terms of Variance 
 and Hoftility with them, and for the molt part 
 in a ftate and condition of actual War. So tkt 
 at leaft within the Boundaries and Jurifdictiotm 
 of fuch Indian Governors, the Spaniards have ro 
 juft or legal pretence of Property and Domi¬ 
 nion. 
 
 For how weak and mean foever tliofe Na¬ 
 tives and their Rulers may be efteemed and re- 
 prefented, yet that doth no ways alter the cafe, 
 or any ways enfeeble their right unto, and their 
 authority over their own Principalities; bat 
 they do retain an equal Claim and Title unto, 
 and Property in what was anciently and ori¬ 
 ginally theirs, and what they have defended 
 from the Invalion and Ufurpation of the Spa¬ 
 niards, as if their Dominions were as large, 
 and their Might and Power as great as thofe 
 of Plis Eritamiick Majejly's are. The little Re¬ 
 public of Geneva hath as good right in Law to 
 a Propriety in what they have immemorially 
 pollcfs’d,asthe Great Monarch of France hath un¬ 
 to the vaft and powerful Dominions over which 
 he is Hereditarily King and Soveraign. Yea, 
 they of San Marino in Italy are no lefs abfolute 
 and independent Proprietors and Governors 
 in and over that poor and defpicable Hamh[ 
 and Dorp, than thofe who go by the Stile of 
 High and Mighty are over the Dutch Provinces 
 
' in reference to thofe Things, Matters and Ends 
 •for which they became United and Confedera¬ 
 ted. Nor is the Duke of Mirandola , whofe 
 1 Territories do not extend themfelves to three 
 Italian Miles, lefs abfolute and independent 
 ( over his own linall Principality, than the Em¬ 
 peror of Germany is with refpeft to his Jitftrian 
 and Hereditary Countries. For according to 
 
 : the Laws of Nature and of Nations the point 
 
 ? of Right and Property is the fame in the Poor 
 ; that it is in the Rich, and in the Weak that 
 it is in the Strong. And how impotent and 
 contemptible foever thofe unfubdifd Caciques 
 on the Ijlhmits of Darien are, in companion of 
 His Cathol'ck Majefty ; yet it is enough to ju- 
 ftifie their Propriety and Authority in and o- 
 ;ver what they pollefs, that the Spaniards have 
 inot by all their Power and Might been hi¬ 
 therto able to difieixe, fubdoe, or drive them 
 out ^ but that all along lince the Cafiilians firlfc 
 defeended upon the Jftbmw, and occupy’d le- 
 : veral places within that Siran'n of Darien , they 
 : have been in a condition, either lingly by the 
 ; forces of fome one or other of them alone, or 
 conjunftivcly by uniting and joyning their fe- 
 vcral and refpective Powers together, to co¬ 
 ver, protect and defend themfelves, their Ter¬ 
 ritories and Jurifdictions from being fo Invaded 
 as to be over-run and liibdued. 
 
 Nor is the extent and dimensions of the 
 Land and Territory fo fcanty and fmall, or 
 the number of thofe Captains or their People 
 fo few, in which, and over whom the Spani¬ 
 ards. have nor. hitherto been able to obtain 
 Pollcflion and Authority, as fome who do not 
 give thc-mfelves leave to think fo clofely of this 
 H Allair, 
 
(90 
 
 Affair, and to examine it with that accuracy 
 which they ought to do, may be inclined and 
 ready to imagine \ feeing, that upon the whole 
 North-iide of the Iftlmms from the River Da. 
 run to the Baft memos , the Spaniards are not in 
 poffeflion of one foot of Ground, nor ever 
 were, five for a little while at firft of Nom - 
 bre dc Dios , which they foon relinquilh’d. And 
 
 it is againlt both all the Topicks of Argu¬ 
 mentation, and all the Meafurcs of Law and 
 Jultice, that from the Spaniards having made 
 lome Settlements on the South-Sea , and their 
 having, fo fur &s they have obtain’d poffcfiion 
 there, reftriefod and confin’d the Natives to 
 narrow bound?., to infer and conclude from 
 thence, their having a Propriety in, andajii- 
 rifdietion over all the Northern Coaft. And 
 fuch a pretence is the more unreafonable and 
 abfurd, in that the Ifthmus of Darien 'is natu¬ 
 rally divided by a ridge of Hills . that runneth 
 from Baft to iVcfi. Nor can any allegation 
 whatfoever more avowedly offer violence to 
 common Sence, and more notorionfly attempt 
 the putting an Affront upon the Underftan- 
 dings of .Men, than from the Spaniards being 
 polkffecl of, and having dominion over one pan 
 of .ifthmus, to deduce and conclude from thence, 
 that therefore they mult have a Propriety in, 
 and a Soveraign Juvilcliction over the whole: 
 And from their Title and Right of Prcfcrift'w 
 upon long Occupation, unto fome of the Sou¬ 
 thern Boundaries of that Streight, to infer and 
 plead rlieir having in the vertue of that, a Ti¬ 
 tle to the Northern parts thereof, of which as! 
 they were never in polfeffion: fo the People 
 of the Utter are wholly independent upon them 
 
of the former, raid the Rulers of the one alto-' 
 gethcr Abfolntc within thenifclves, without 
 deriving the lcail Authority from, or paying 
 any kind or degree of Subjection and Obedience 
 unto the other. 
 
 And for the Spaniards to pretend, that thro’ 
 their pofTcHlng Porto Bello on the South of D.t- 
 ricn, and Canhagena in a fmall Ifland on the 
 North-fide of it,° that therefore, and by confe- 
 qucnce, they ought to be acknowledg’d to iiave 
 a right of Propriety in, and of JunTdidionover 
 all the adjacent Country, which is between two 
 and three hundred Engliili Miles in Dimcnlion 
 and Extent, is not to Argue, but to Banter, and 
 to Ridicule and Lampoon Mankind, inftead of 
 endeavouring to inllnid, fatisfie and convince 
 them. Efpecially feeing that as all the Settle¬ 
 ments and Plantations which the Spaniards have 
 upon, or near unto that Iftlmnts, whether up¬ 
 on the Southern, or the Northern Ote.ois, were 
 all obtain’d without the ccnfent of the Nattics y 
 
 fo the Indians who live and inhabit in the in¬ 
 terjacent and intervening Countries, between 
 the Spaniards Plantations, on the South and 
 Nonh-Scas, have kill preferved the poflelTion of 
 thofe Territories, without the having ever be¬ 
 come fubjed unto, or the having any ways ac¬ 
 knowledg’d the Sovereignty and Dominion 
 of the Spaniards over them. And fhould we 
 fubmit to that Way and Method ot Reafo- 
 ning, what a Claim would the Kings of France 
 have had long ago, to all the Countries, Pro¬ 
 vinces, and Dominions, which the Cutbolkk 
 King doth pofli'fs and bear Sovereignty over 
 in Europe-, in that all the Spaniih Provinces are 
 btuated and do lie between the Countries which 
 
 li 2 the 
 
the French King poflefleth upon the Ocean, and 
 thofe which he hath right unto, and Soveraigni- 
 ty over on the Mediterranean. Nor can any 
 thing carry more intrinfic and felf-evidence a- 
 long with it, than that when a People were 
 not the firft Occupiers, and the original in- 
 habitants, their Title unto, and their Tenure 
 
 and Property in that cafe in a Country can ex¬ 
 tend and reach no farther, than as they are 
 got into poflcflion of it, either by the confent 
 of the Natives, or by conqueft in a lawful War, 
 or by Prcfcription, thro’ long Occupation, up¬ 
 on an unjuft one. None of all which do in any 
 manner obtain or hold, or can any ways be 
 pleaded by the Spaniards in reference to the Pe- 
 ninfula on th elftbmiis of Darien, where the Scon 
 are fettling and eftablilhing a Colony. 
 
 Moreover, to all that is already faid under 
 this Head, let me further fubjoin, that no Na¬ 
 tions being nicerly in acfual pofleflion of part of 
 a Country that had not been originally their 
 own, hath been accounted fufficicnt in Equity, 
 Law or Juftice, to preclude and debar others 
 from fecking to fettle themfelves in fuch pla¬ 
 ces as thofe Strangers who had come firft to 
 plant there were not in aftual poffelfion of: 
 whereof it were cade to aftign many Inftances, 
 but it being a matter whereof none that are 
 acquainted with Books of Voyages, and Na¬ 
 vigations, can be ignorant, I fhall content nr/ 
 felt with the mentioning of a few- but in the 
 mean time fhall be careful, that they may be 
 adapted to the cafe that is under prefent de¬ 
 bate, l.et it then be obferv’d in the firft place, 
 That notwithftanding the EnjHJh had planted 
 upon the Continent, as well as i;i feveral Ift»& 
 
; ( ioi ) 
 
 : of America and did particularly pofTefs upon 
 : the T err a firma from Nero-England to Carolina, 
 without the interpofition of Colonies belonging 
 
 ■ to any European Princes or States whatfoever, 
 neverthelefs the Dutch finding Long-Ijland, 
 that is ilnce come to be call’d Nevr-York, and 
 ' which lyeth within the foremention’d Limits 
 unoccupy’d, yet environ’d and furrounded on 
 ■all hands by Englifir Plantations, they did in a 
 ■jtime of full and entire Peace betwixt theCrown 
 '■of Gres Britain and the Bclgick-Statcs, lit down 
 and elhblifh a Plantation upon itwhich with¬ 
 out any dilturbance front the Englifh, or their 
 quarrelling with them upon that account, they 
 continu’d to poiTefs until the Year i66~, when 
 after a Treaty of Peace between King Charles II. 
 and the States General , for the putting an end 
 •to that War, which had commenc’d between 
 thofe two Ruling Powers, Amo 1665, Long- 
 Ijland was exchang’d by the Dsch for Sm- 
 
 Moreover whereas the Spanijh Vise F/frnnuIt 
 of ncccffity pafs between Florida , and the Eaha- 
 via Ijlands , unto both which the Spaniards 
 do like wife lay claim by challenging a property in 
 and a dominion over them ; yetnotwithlhning 
 of this, the Englifh pollcfied themfelvcs of the 
 ’ laid Ijlands, and tho’ the Spaniards both com¬ 
 plained and did highly refent it, and fo far as 
 they had ftrength and power, did as well Bar- 
 
 ■ baroufly as Injurioufly treat thole Englifh, whom 
 they found fettled there ; neverthelefs the 
 Spaniards being no ways able to Juftifie their 
 
 ' Right and Title to thofe Ijlands, the Englijl.) 
 continued to aflert and maintain the Pofleflion, 
 which they had acquired, as long as they 
 H 3 themfelvcs 
 
( I°2 ) 
 
 themlelvcs found there Intrcll in it, and 
 thought it convenient fo to do. 
 
 Yea notwithftanding that the Spaniards plead 
 a light unto, and a propriety in Jitcatnu, and 
 if the having over-run a great part of a Conn- 
 try, which is above .300 Leagues in compafs, 
 and the having Maflacrcd a prodigious Num¬ 
 ber of the Native Indians , give them a legal 
 Title unto, and a Dominion over all the Ter. 
 ritorics and DiJtricts of it, It mult be acknoiv- 
 lodged that they had them. Nevcrthclcfs, tii; 
 Ewlilh have not only Sailed frequently thither, 
 and Landed without asking leave of the SpJ 
 ■Tunis, hut they did appropriate unto them- 
 felvcs the Logwood in Ctpc Cato, which belong- 
 cth thereunto, until it was fo exhaufted, that 
 it could no longer anfwer the Charge of fen¬ 
 ding Ships thither. Yea King Charles the Se¬ 
 cond in time of Peace granted a patent to 
 Dr. Cox to fettle in the-%' o‘c Mexico, whid 
 the Spaniards never quedioned, nor complai¬ 
 ned of. And chat the Doctors project did no: 
 iucceed, pioccedcd from the inability or tis 
 backwardnefs of the Undertakers to carry icon, 
 and not from the Illegality or Invalidity e 
 that Princes Patent to have Authorized and 
 Jultified it. 
 
 Further tlio’ the Bay of Campcchay, which 
 lies in the Gulp!] of Mexico, mull be confeflcd 
 to be Situate in a Country, over which the 
 Spaniards pretend to have the foie Sovcraign- 
 ty and Jurifdiclion, yet the Erglijh have ac¬ 
 counted thi; to be no ObUruciion in way oi 
 Law raid Juilice, to their fettling at Port Rtf 
 d in the laid Bay, and their carrying on then 
 tlip fame Trade,of cutting and providing them 
 
( 10 ? ) 
 
 (elves of Logwood, which they formerly did at 
 Cape Cato. Whereof as I never heard of any 
 complaint made by the Spaniards • So we may 
 believe that it would not have been regarded 
 if there had, but that the Englijh would have 
 purlucd and perfevered in the fame Courfe and 
 Method, of fettling, removing, and refettling 
 there again, all which they did as they thought 
 convenient, and for their Advantage. 
 
 Moreover tho’all men know, that the Spa¬ 
 niards have not only many great Plantations 
 and Colonies in Hifpaniola, hue challenge a Pe¬ 
 culiar right to that Country,as having conquered 
 it, or rather got Treacheroufly, Violently and 
 Barbaroully, into the polfeflion of it, and where¬ 
 of their Mallacring fome Millions of the Na¬ 
 tives, may be admitted as a crying and exe¬ 
 crable, as well as a fufficient and undeniable 
 Proof i yet the French upon their finding Pettit 
 Gnaves , which lieth and is Situated in Hifpa - 
 «/«/.!, Unoccupied and Unpollefled, they have 
 without paying any refped to the pretcnlions 
 of the Spaniards , taken the liberty to fettle 
 there, and to cftablifli a Colony, and to culti¬ 
 vate a Trade. And likewife notwithftanding 
 the claim of an llniverfal Right and Jurifdifti- 
 on, which the Spaniards (as I have often faid ) 
 do challenge unto/and over the whole Empire 
 of Mexico, yet the French have not only once 
 and again endeavoured to fettle upon the River 
 dc Spirit u Sanclo, which IS in the Bay of Mexi¬ 
 co, and arc at this time ftudying how to fettle 
 at the difemboging of the River Mcffifipi 
 which is in the Gidpb of Mexico, but they have 
 actually fettled in Guiana, that is Situated 
 upon the Terra firm# of the Mexican Con¬ 
 tinent. H 4 Yes 
 
( *°4 ) 
 
 Yea moreover ttill, namely tliafc tho’ die 
 Spaniards have great Pofleflions and many Plan¬ 
 tations, on the Jflhmus of Darien towards the 
 South-Sea, and do pretend a right of Domini. 
 
 on and Soveraignty over that whole Country, 
 
 yet the French have been endeavouring to fet¬ 
 tle on the Sambolas which lie much 
 nearer to Po, to hello, and other Span', ft Plantati¬ 
 ons on that Ifthmus , towards the Northern Sea 
 than Port Ala doth, where the Scots have be¬ 
 gun to Fix and Eftablifh a Colony ; in order 
 whereunto, they do greatly carefs and coiirc 
 a certain Indian Caci '[lie, called Captain Cork 
 lo , wliofe Territories lie from the Sambolnstd 
 that River of Conception, as hoping by his Fa¬ 
 vour and Afliftance to fuceeed and profper 
 in their defign; nor are they wanting in their 
 addrelTes to Captain Jmbrofio,vihok jurifdicli- 
 on extends from the River Pinas to the Samk 
 las, and we may be lure upon the fame propped, 
 if not alfo on the defign of fctling within the Ilth- 
 mus it felf whofe Friendlhip they have in a 
 great meafure acquired, partly by means of his 
 mortal enmity to die Spaniards, and partly 
 by the interceflion of a Brother in Law of his 
 called Don Petit o, who having been taken by 
 the Spaniards , and kept for fome time by them 
 at Panama as a Slave, doth therefore irrecon¬ 
 cilably hate them. 
 
 Whereunto indeed much more might be ad¬ 
 ded, and largely inlifted upon in reference to 
 fuch Countries Illands and Dittrich, which the 
 French are become pofTefled of in thofe parts 
 of America where the Spaniards pretend to have 
 a Soveraignity and Jurifdicfion exclulive of all 
 other European Notions, hut that it is wholly 
 
( *°5 ) 
 
 needlefs, and would be accounted to be done 
 in deiign to weary the reader, rather than to 
 inform and convince him, and which would 
 alfo be an cncrealing this difcourfe into a length 
 and bulk beyond what the queftioa in debate 
 
 doth any wife require, tho’ ic be both very 
 important in it felf, and the dclires and expecta¬ 
 tion of men at this time more than ordinarily 
 excited and railed, for the having it fully cleared 
 and decided. And therefore all that I will 
 add further, concerning the reft of the Planta¬ 
 tions which the French have in thofe American 
 Territories and places, where the Spaniards do 
 alledge their obtaining a peculiar property, 
 and right of Dominion, fhall be barely to men¬ 
 tion them. Namely that they have not only 
 Colonies in Mminigo , St. Chriftovhcr\-, G'n-rrlr- 
 Inpa, and divers of the Charibbes as well as other 
 Ifimds, to the number at icaft of twelve or thir¬ 
 teen^ and all thefe within tiie Limits and Boun¬ 
 daries unto, and over which the Spaniards do 
 claim a Right prccluiivc of all others; hut 
 that they alio have and do pollefs feveral Forts 
 on the Coaft of Caribana , that lyeth in the ve¬ 
 ry Heart and Bofom of Mexico, and which is 
 not many Leagues diftant from the Ijlhmns of 
 Darkn, or may be rather. faid to ioyn up¬ 
 on it. 
 
 And upon the fome Motive of my defening 
 io he Ihort, and not to load and cloy the"Rea¬ 
 der with more Examples and Inftances of the 
 foregoing nature, than are either indifpeulibly 
 ncceflury, or which at leaft may be fuch, as 
 they who are impartial Inquirers into the legality 
 of the Fail of the Scots Indian and African 
 Company, will nor be difpleafed to be made 
 
(io6) 
 
 acquainted with. I fay that I Ikl! therefore 
 upon that inducement, only briefly intimate 
 what Colonics the Dutch have fettled and efta- 
 blifh’d within thofe American Territories, un¬ 
 to which (befides the Title that the Spammls 
 pretend to the whole Continent and all the 
 illands of America on the Foot of the Pop’s 
 Bull which hath been already difprov’d andma- 
 uifefted to be vain and ridiculous) they plead I 
 a particular Right, either tluo’ their havin’ 
 been parts of the Empires, Kingdoms, and 
 Countries, of which they became polfelfed, oil 
 clfe that they had been fome way or another, 
 dependent upon, or tributary unto them. For 
 the Dutch knowing all thefe Pretenfions and 
 Claims of the Spaniards to be groundlefs, vain, 
 and ridiculous, and accordingly flighting and 
 defpiiing them,- are not only fettled in Surhnm s 
 and have feveral Forces on the Coafts of Giuf 
 ane, and are Mailers of the City Coro, which 
 are all upon the Terra firma, but they have 
 iikewife poflefs’d themfeives both of the Ifland 
 Curafia, that lies not above feven Leagues from 
 the Main,near unco Cape A'o«<w,andof the Iilandi 
 Ardui and Boncry which, arc not far diftant from 
 that, and had alfo planted in the Ifland Takn 
 until driven thence by the French, Anno 1677; 
 during the time of that War which commenc’d 
 1672, between France and Holland. 
 
 By all which many and various Inftances of 
 divers European Nations fettling within thofe 
 Provinces, Illands, and Places of America , which 
 they found imoccupy’d by any other Enrotcs 
 Princes or States,and whereof feveral more ex* 
 amplcs might be aflign’d (but that it is need- 
 lefs and would be fuperfluous) of other Poten¬ 
 tates 
 
( *°7 ) 
 
 lates and Republics in Europe that have done the 
 like, not'.vjtlifhuiding any Claim of Property, 
 Right and Title which the Spaniards pretend to 
 have in, and unto them, and which they have 
 with great confidence heretofore afievtcd, tho’ 
 without any foundation cither in Reafon or 
 Law. I. fay, that I hope it will indifputably 
 appear hy thefc Inftances and Examples, that 
 what the Scots have lately done in the efta- 
 bliihing a Colon) with the con fen t of the Na¬ 
 tives at Ada oil the Iftlmns of Daria :, which 
 was a place never polfefs’d nor occupy’d by the 
 Spaniards, is, according to the fame meafiires 
 #f Equity and Jufticc, undeniably lawful, and 
 demonftrarivcly juftihablc ■, and that all who are 
 impartial and unprcjudic'd will acknowledge it 
 to be fo. 
 
 And vvhatfoever hath been laid in defence 
 and juflification of any European Nation's ha¬ 
 ving a right to fettle in fuch parts of America 
 as were never occupy"d and poflefs’d by the 
 Spaniards, it is of equal validity and force to 
 authorize and warrant the fitting down and 
 planting in any place, or places there, that may 
 heretofore hade been polIeHed by the Spaniards, 
 but which they have iince voluntarily rclin- 
 quiilfd • as they are known to have done in 
 the abandoning feveral places both on the Con¬ 
 tinent and in -the Iflands of America, where 
 they had formerly fettled and cftablllh’d Colo¬ 
 nics, as well as in their forfaiting Nonibrc dc 
 -Dies, and a Ida.-,nation which they once had on 
 the River Darien, which they left and with¬ 
 drew from} after that they became podefied 
 of I’mo Bello and Carthagcna. For tho’ it hath 
 been always acknowledg’d, as being grounded 
 upon 
 
they who are the original, lawful and uncon- 
 troverted Poilelibrs of a Country or Land, and 
 have been once in the occupation of it by ails 
 of the Body, may and do retain a Right and 
 Title unto it by ails of the Mind , after their 
 having Corporally forfaken and left it •, yet it 
 is far otherwife with refpect to a People who 
 are come into a Country, not only as Alias 
 and Strangers , but as Invaders and Vfnrpers, 
 which is the cafe of the Spaniards in relation 
 to thole places on the Ifthnms of Darien, as 
 well as clfewhere in America where they had 
 at any time heretofore fet down and planted, 
 but have lince departed and withdrawn. Ftfr 
 being neither the primitive Inhabitants, nor 
 having fettled there with the leave and con- 
 lent of the Natives, they can Hand no other- 
 wife entitled to any right in, and over thofe 
 places, than as they have the actual pofleflion, 
 and are Occupiers in Fact. Seeing as their 
 forceable and violent entrance into, and their 
 fitting down in them, by, and in the meet 
 vertucof Power and Strength, neither did, nor 
 could defeat and extinguifli the right of thole 
 that bad been the Indigent and original Inha¬ 
 bitants j fo immediately upon their withdraw¬ 
 ing from, and their rel'inquilhing of thofe pla¬ 
 ces, the 'Title of the Natives unto them doth 
 revive and take place, and becomes again as 
 effectual, both for the jellifying their own Re- 
 aftiimption, and Re-occupation of them, anti 
 for their granting a liberty, freedom and riglic, 
 
( i°9 ) 
 
 Jiflcizedor driven from, or difquieted, in¬ 
 terrupted and rendred unfafe in their occupa¬ 
 tion of them. 
 
 And how eafy were it to multiply Exam¬ 
 ples and Inftances even in Europe, where they 
 of one Nation having by Violence, obtained 
 Pofleflion of foine of the Cities, Towns, Lands 
 and Territories of another, fo as cither direct- 
 : ly to expel and drive away thofe, who had been 
 the Rightful Inhabitants and Proprietors, or 
 to beget that fear in them, as to caufethem 
 to chute of themfeives, cither to depart and 
 fly from their PoficfTions, in orckr to efcape 
 the rage of thofe that had invaded them, than 
 ; by continuing in their legal inheritances, to bc- 
 
 ■ come expofed to the Luftful Pleafnrc, and cru¬ 
 elty of their Enemies; Yecno man ever thought, 
 that the Title of fuch, who upon the forego¬ 
 ing Motive, had abandoned, or who in the 
 forementioned manner, had been thrufb out 
 and forced away, became thereby Annulled 
 
 ' and Extinguilhed. But all do confefs, and the 
 ; practice hath been every where, and at all 
 times accordingly, that upon the witiidraw- 
 . meat, and departure of them who had been 
 t the Invaders and Ulurpers, the ottiers might 
 ' in the virtue of their Antecedent and Anci¬ 
 ent Title, reafmne the pofleflion of what they 
 had been either driven from, or had aban- 
 
 ■ cloned. 
 
 ] But not to trouble my Readers with Me¬ 
 moirs of that Nature, relating to Europe, I ihall 
 . at once evidence and confirm what I have laid 
 
 ■ by two Inftances, whereof the Firft ihall be 
 in reference to a Country, upon the couti- 
 
 J mm of America, that was once in the Poflef- 
 
( no ) 
 
 foil of another European Power, than that of 
 Spain, and the Second fhall be concerning a 
 noted If. and in the Wef-Indies, that was here¬ 
 tofore poflefled by the Spaniards, but both 
 which are now in the rightful occupation of 
 the Englifi. The former in brief is this; Name¬ 
 ly, that tire French in the Reign of Charles 
 the Ninth and by his Authority, as well as by his 
 encouragement, having in the Year 1569; 
 Transported 1200 Families together with 3:3 
 Soldiers, to the Northren part of Florida, and 
 having there cPcablifhcd a Colony, between 3: 
 and 33 degrees N. Lat. which after that King; 
 name they ftiled Carolina, but who upon their 
 treating the Natives injurioufly, and thro’ 
 their having fettled at places fo remote and 
 dillant from one another, that the difperfed 
 andfeattred Planters, could neither give nor re¬ 
 ceive mutual Relief nor Support, were in the 
 Year 1573, aflaultcd and all cut ofF by the A- 
 dians, lave one Monfieur Chaplain, and about 
 35 more, who got timely into a final! Ship that 
 lay clofe by a Fort, and therein efcaped to 
 the If and Jnthofy, in the mouth of the Ri¬ 
 ver Canada., yet that notwithftanding of the 
 fettlcmcnt there of the French, and their la¬ 
 ving been once poflefled of that place, the 
 Eandifi are now gotten into Poflcfiion of it, 
 and have creeled there a Noble and Flourifh- 
 ing Colony, the propriety whereof, was in the 
 Year 1661 granted by Charles the Second, King 
 of England, to Several men of Quality and 
 their Afiociates, and whereof the French have ne¬ 
 ver complained as of a wrong and Injullice done 
 unto them. And indeed they are a wifer People, 
 than to be guilty of fo great an Abfurdity, 
 
(III ) 
 
 and they do very well know, that fnch a 
 Complaint would by the F.wBfh have been 
 counted ridiculous, in that thro' their having 
 been the firft European! that fettled there, but 
 expelled thence by the Natives, on whom they 
 had intruded, there neither doth avife nor rc- 
 ; main unto them any Right of claim unto that 
 ; Country, nor any exception againft the Title 
 -of the Englfr thereunto, who are become pof- 
 ifeft thereof with the liking and confent of the 
 -Natives. 
 
 ! The Second is that of Barbado gwhich the Smr.- 
 ■ eirds having for fome time fettled upon, left and 
 forfook,m order to their planting in other places 
 , in that Hcmijjhcrc , which they hoped would turn 
 i to better account, and prove more to their Ad¬ 
 vantage} as they did upon the like motive 
 -abandon many other places, where they had 
 ■at firft Sit down, which Jjhv.d the E>;gl : ]b ha¬ 
 ving found Unoccupied, either by them, or any 
 | other Europe.i>:s 7 and nothing left upon it, that 
 | could denominate the Spivn'unds to be Retidcn- 
 f tial, or entitle them to the poiiefhon and pro- 
 f pricty of it, five a few 7 LTp, that were ne 
 j ver by any Law $ whatfoever, reckoned proper 
 1 and valuable Reprcfentativcs, Subftitutes and 
 , Deputies, for the keeping pofielfion in the 
 name and behalf of a people; the EwBfi 
 1 thereupon entred into the and made 
 
 I -Icttlemcnts there, which how difplcafnig and 
 ! offenlivc foever it was to the Spa>ii.r.-ds at firlh, 
 | and how ready foever they were to have Quar¬ 
 ts relied with their Sixccffvrs upon that head, 
 I had their Power been anfvvcrablc to their Rc- 
 | feutment; Yet they have by a folemn Treaty 
 1 huce, renounced all pretenlions of Claim and 
 1 Title 
 
( ”2 ) 
 
 Title unto it, and have acknowledged thel«- 
 glifi to be the Lawful Rightful Proprietors of 
 'Barbados. But I will infill: no longer, nor add 
 any more on this head, all that hath been al¬ 
 ready find upon it, having been done ex Abw-i- 
 danti, in order meerly to render this difcourfe, 
 as particular and clear as I can } not that it 
 vt r as abfolutely and indifpeniably needful to¬ 
 wards the jultification, of the Scots Calidcdst 
 Colony , feeing that place was never in die 
 poffieffion of the Spaniards, But hath always 
 continued in the pofleffidn of the Natives. 
 
 The point then that is next to be more 
 narrowly enquired into, and to be difeomfed 
 with greater application, than it hath hither¬ 
 to been, is to fcarch out, aflignand ihcvvtto 
 ftrength of the rcafons, upon which the Scm 
 fitting down erecting Forts, and planting a 
 Colony, in the place above-mentioned is foun¬ 
 ded and done. And I fhall endeavour to give 
 that detale, and to make fuch an enumerati¬ 
 on and deduction of them, as fhall convince 
 the unbiafled part of Mankind, that it is both 
 Lawfully and Legally done by them , and with¬ 
 out wrong, Injury or Injuflice to the Spaniard. 
 It is true that I might fuperfede the giving 
 my felf this trouble, in that thro’ the Sp«- 
 cards charging the Scots , to have therein Inva¬ 
 ded their Territories and Demeliis; and the 
 Scots pofitively denying it, the proof of the 
 Charge and Accufation Ihould be wholly de¬ 
 volved upon the Spaniards , for that being the 
 affirmative part of the Controverfy and Que- 
 ftion, which is that alone in any matter of de¬ 
 bate, which is accounted capable of admitting 
 probation, it belongs therefore unto them to 
 make 
 
;as required in judicial Proceedings, excufed 
 ■fromproving of their Right any otherwife, than 
 ;by anfwcring the Allegations and Exceptions 
 y/hich the Spaniards do advance againfl it: For 
 the Company denying that cut the Spaniards 
 had any poffieffiion of the place where they have 
 planted, or the lead legal Right unto, or 
 Property in it ■, and the Spaniards alledging that 
 they had, it doth in Law and Renfon, belong 
 unto the Spaniards to inftruct and prove what 
 they pretend unto, and challenge. Neverthdefs, 
 for the obviating of all Clamours, and extin- 
 gnifhing of all Sufpicions againlt, and in refe¬ 
 rence to the Legality, Equity, and Juitice of 
 ivhat the Sect* have done, I fhall put this Mat¬ 
 ter into fuch a lhape and mould, as that the 
 probation of it maybe devolv’d and made in¬ 
 cumbent upon the Scots, and the proofs there¬ 
 of expected from them. That which I do 
 therefore fay and affirm, is, That theSie/jave 
 become rightful Proprietors of that part oi the 
 Ifrhmns of Darien where they arc Settled, and 
 that they have a good legitimate and legal 
 Title to that portion of that Ammcnv Strtight, 
 whereof they have taken poffellion, and arc be¬ 
 come Occupiers:, and that thciebthey have 
 done no wrong to the Spaniards, but that they 
 arc upon a better, and a more julr, righteous, 
 and legal Bottom, in reference to their Calc- 
 dauian Colony and Plantations, than the Spani- 
 W: themfdves are, either in relation to thofe 
 
( ) 
 
 Settlements, which they have upon that Ifih - 
 or with l'efpcct to filch Colonies which 
 they have in any other parts of America. And 
 that which I have here afferted, and with the 
 higheffc confidence adhere unto my affirmation 
 of, bears upon thefe Three following Things, 
 which are all of them unconteftably True, de- 
 monftratively Evident, and as infallibly Certain, 
 according to the receiv'd Maxims of Law, by 
 which Titles, Rights and Properties are defi¬ 
 ned, decided and determined, as thofc Princi¬ 
 ples of Science arc confefled to be, of the n>/We’s 
 being greater than a part • and that where two 
 Proportions arc directly contract Bory, the one of 
 them unto the other^ they cannot both of them 
 
 be true. 
 
 The nrft is, that the Natives were not only 
 originally the rightful Pofcjfors of that place, 
 but that they were aft natty in the Poflcjfwn and 
 Occupation of it, when the Scots landed and fat 
 down there. And hereof there are Five un¬ 
 deniable proofs. 
 
 (r.) Their inhabiting in that part of the 
 Ifthnms , not only independent upon the Spani¬ 
 ards, and without their leave, but againft their 
 will, and in defiance of their Power: Nor did 
 they only continue to dwell there, without the 
 demanding liberty of the Spaniards fo to do; 
 but they had always debarr’d and ffiut out, 
 noi; had ever receiv'd or fuller’d the Spaniards 
 to dwell amongft them. And if any thing be 
 fufficient to declare a People to be the right¬ 
 ful and 'actual PoflLllors of a Country} Purely 
 the pofloflmg it both Hereditarily from the pri¬ 
 mitive Occupiers and Proprietors of it, and 
 
( ” 5 ) 
 
 preclufively of all others whatfoeveiynuft be held 
 and efteemed enough to do it. 
 
 (2.) That the Native Indians were at the 
 time of the Scots landing, and of their begin¬ 
 ning to fettle, the lawful, actual, and foie Pof- 
 feflors of that part of the Ifthmtx , where the 
 Scots have erected Forts , and built thcmfelves 
 Dwellings, doth uncontrolably appear, from 
 their having receiv’d and welcom’d them, 
 without the having had any Communication 
 with the Spaniards about it, and in order there¬ 
 unto, or the having ask’d liberty of them for 
 the doing of it: For it is not only dilfonant 
 from the Qiifom arid Practice of all People and 
 Nations whatfoever, who are either bubjefts 
 or Tributary to others, whom they acknow¬ 
 ledge for their Rulers and Sovereigns, to ad¬ 
 mit and receive Aliens and Foreigners calmly 
 and tamely among them, without firit fending 
 to their Superiors, and their rightful Gover¬ 
 nors, to underftand their pleafure, and to ob¬ 
 tain their Inftrudions and Commands concer¬ 
 ning, and how to behave themfelves in it: 
 But it is likcwifc Treafon by the Laws of all 
 Confticutions and Governments, and a Fact that 
 is capitally punilhable to do othenvife. And 
 confequeutly the Indians on that part of the 
 Iftlmms, having done nothing of all tiiis in re¬ 
 ference to the Spaniards , but oft the contrary, 
 having by a Right, Power and Authority in¬ 
 herently lodg’d in themfelves, receiv’d and wel¬ 
 com’d the Scots into their Country, convers’d 
 with them in a friendly and peaceable manner, 
 ;gveu them all the hofpitable Entertainment, 
 and kind liberal Supplies, Relief and Succour, 
 which their Condition and Circumltances ena- 
 1 2 bled 
 
( ) 
 
 bled them to render, is a proof beyond the be¬ 
 ing reafonably control’d, of their being the Pro¬ 
 prietors as well as the PoflelTors of thofc Ter¬ 
 ritories and Diltridts in Darien, where the Scots 
 are fettled. 
 
 ( 3.) There may be fubjoyned hereunto, in 
 further confirmation that the Native Indians , 
 by the confcifion and'acknowledgment even of 
 
 the Sf.vMids them (elves, were the unqueftioned 
 
 and undoubted PoflelTors and Occupiers of that 
 part of the Ifthmns, where the Scots have efta- 
 blifnd their Plantation and Colony, and of the 
 Country neighbouring upon and adjacent unto 
 it, in that the Spaniards have at feveral times 
 treated with them, as with a free and indepen¬ 
 dent People, and by Agreements, Contracts and 
 Stipulations, have, upon certain Conditions and 
 Terms, obtain’d and procur’d liberty of them, 
 to fettle Colonies within their Circuits and 
 Precincts, and to employ People to work in 
 fuch Gold and Silver Mines, as do lie within 
 the Compafs of their jurifdictions. Whereof 
 to omit other examples, I fhall afiign one known 
 and public Inltance, and 1 Hull the rather 
 do it, becaufe it refpedfeth the ncarelt pollefiicu 
 of Mims which have been wrought in by the Spa¬ 
 niards to tiie place where tire Sects are planted, 
 of any which they can pretend to have upon 
 the IJihmsu. The inltance and cafe then, in 
 brief, is this 3 namely, That there being with¬ 
 in 12 or 13 Leagues of the Caledonian Colo¬ 
 ny, certain Gold and Silver Mines, which are 
 eftcem’d as rich as are either in that or any other 
 farts of America, the Spaniards therefore, to get 
 into the I’oflcflion, and to reap ^the Benefit or 
 them, irmead of attempting by Power and 
 force, and in the way of Conduct to do it, 
 
(II?) 
 
 they amicably addrefs’d the Caeicp, in whofe 
 Territories and within whole Jurifdiciion they 
 lay, who was call’d Captain Diego, and by a 
 Treaty and Stipulation withhim, that he Ihould 
 have a fliare of what Gold Ihould be obtain’d, 
 procur’d leave upon that condition to enter 
 upon the Occupation of thofe Mine.’ } which 
 as it is an undeniable evidence, in the Opinion 
 and Judgment of the very Spaniards them!'elves, 
 that Diego and his People were both the right¬ 
 ful and legal Pofleflbrs and Proprietors of that 
 Territory and Didrid; fo the liberty that 
 was granted unto the Spaniards by that Ca¬ 
 cique, and the People that were under him, 
 did no ways defleize hint of, or eject him cut of 
 his Right, nor change, and much lefs extmguilh 
 his, Property in that Territory where the Mires 
 were. They being rather admitted as Te¬ 
 nants and Labourers who were to pay him a 
 Rent in allowing him filch a proportion of 
 their gains, than as Proprietors that had a "le¬ 
 gal Right and Title in them. And according¬ 
 ly when the lame Captain Dicgc. found that the 
 Spaniards had not only violated the Conditions 
 upon which he had given them pcrmillicn to 
 work in thofe Mines, by refilling to grant him 
 his Tribute or Share when it was fent for and 
 demanded, but that they were contriving, 
 plotting and confpiring how to deftroy and ex¬ 
 terminate,or at lead to enflavchim andhisPeople, 
 lie thereupon forcibly fell upon them, and drove 
 them from thence. Which as it was done feme 
 little time before the Scois came to fettle on 
 the ljilmns, fo at their arrival there, they found 
 that place, as well as ail other that lay near to 
 the foot where they have cftablilh’d their Csix-y 
 
(uS) 
 
 void of any Europeans and particularly altoge¬ 
 ther Unpofleflcd and Unoccupied by the spa- 
 
 (4.) There may yet be annexed, as a further 
 proof of the Native Indians, being the right¬ 
 ful owners, proprietors and poflM’ors of that 
 part of the [filmin', that they have fucceflivc- 
 ly lince the Chilians firft difeovery of that 
 Country, and their Landing in it,been in terms 
 of Hoftility as well as of diftancc with them, 
 who as they were never fubdued, nor brought 
 into that Subjection, as either Formally or Ta- 
 citcly, Evplicitcly, or Implicitcly to acknow¬ 
 ledge the Spaniards, having a Dominion or So- 
 veraignty over them, or toconfefs their being 
 become Subjects, or Vaflals to the Spaniards, 
 So the holtile oppofitions, which they have 
 in all times continued to make againft them, 
 cannot he faid to have been a Rebellious, but 
 Juft and Lawful Urns. It being the higheft of 
 Nonfence to ltile them Rebels, who were never 
 Subjells. Yea it is to ridicule as well as to 
 endeavour to millead, and impofe upon Man¬ 
 kind, to bellow that Title and Epithcte, upon 
 the Martial aftions againft the Spaniards, of 
 thofe Darien Indians, of whom I have been 
 ipcaking; it being a pcrvcrlion of Words, 
 from their proper and allowed Signification, 
 and the faftning a fence and meaning upon 
 them, which they were never invented, infti- 
 tuted, nor agreed to bear, which is worfc 
 than the fpeaking unto them in a Language 
 that is Wholly unknown. In that by the tew 
 wc arc only left under Ignorance, of what an 
 Other intends to lay unto us; but in the way 
 of the former, there is a plain defign to cozen 
 
( H9 ) 
 
 and cheat us. Nor is it unworthy of remark, 
 that of all the Natives of America, whom the 
 Spaniards have for their enemies, they have none 
 that are more invcteratcly and mortally fo, 
 than the imfubdncd Indians on the Jfibm/is of 
 Darien, as cloth not only appear by what they 
 themfelves have done, and continue to do a- 
 gainft them; but by the encouragement and 
 afliftancc, which they have at all times been 
 ready to give, unto the Privateers, Piccaroons and 
 Buccaneers of all Nations, that have within their 
 circle ever come to aflault and prey upon them. 
 Witncfs what they did in the cafe of Captain 
 Sharp, who having Landed at Golden Ijland with 
 330 men, and being Joyncd by two Darien 
 Caciques, with a good body of Indians, took 
 Sanlta Maria, and made prize of feveralS/w- 
 vijh Ships-, It being alto upon the Invitation, 
 and with the aid of tiioil- Indian Ruins, that 
 Captain Sarrhhg allaulced Panama, the Legality 
 and Juilice whereof as founded upon the Au¬ 
 thority of thole Caciques, whole coni million 
 he had obtained, he avowed and aflerted in a 
 Letter to the Governor of that place. 
 
 (5.) There remains one thing yet further 
 to be added, in demonftration that the Indira: 
 Natives are not only the True, Rightful and 
 U ndoubted proprietors and pofleUbrs of thofe 
 Territories upon the JJfhmus of Darien,of which 
 the Spaniards are not become Mailers, nor have 
 planted Colonics in them 3 but that they have 
 been Openly, Solemnly and Avowedly owned 
 and acknowledged to be fuch, both by the 
 Comts and Civil Judicatures of England. Now 
 the cade which I have my eye upon, and do re¬ 
 fer unto for the fupport of this alfertion, bc- 
 1 4 ing 
 
( 120 ) 
 
 ini;; fignally remarkable in it felf, as well as 
 wonderfully Pertinent, Suited and Adapted to 
 the matter in hand, 1 fhall therefore both give 
 ;i brief defile of it, and endeavour to fet in the 
 true and bell light that I can. The cafe in 
 fliort then was this; namely that tbe 
 tbohmav Sua./p, whom I have juft now menti¬ 
 oned, being an I'.rgl jiiman, and confcqucntlya 
 Natural Subject of his Majefty of Great Bri¬ 
 tain, was by a Memorial given in by theS/w- 
 f/'Jk AmbalFador to King Charles the Second, 
 complained of, for having in the time of Peace 
 between the two Crowns, committed J:lso e 
 Ploflility and Piracy upon the Spaniards in the 
 Wcft-IndM, and thereby taken great Treafure 
 and Booty from them, of which Reftitutiou 
 and Reparation was demanded. Nor was it 
 deniable but tlut the Hid Sharp, .having JoyneJ 
 with the" Daricns, who were then in War 
 with the Spudards, as indeed they always in 
 effect are, did both invade the Spanijh Tcni- 
 tcrics, and attack their Ships and Veflels on the 
 Coafis of America, and commit fcveral acts of 
 Force and Hostility upon them, to their very 
 great Damage and Lots. For which being here 
 in Crilo-dy, and thereupon Indicted, Arraig¬ 
 ned and Judicially tried, the whole he had to 
 plead for his juffification, as well as in his 
 Defence, was that he had therein Acted upon, 
 3 ad in the Vcrtuc and by the Authority of a 
 Commijfion granted unto him, by lome of the 
 Caciques of Darien, who were ubfolute Rulers, 
 and altogether Lscier.cadant upon the Spaniards. 
 Jdpon which Plea, after a fair and full Hearing 
 gnd.Tryal, and a due coniideration of their 
 intrinfick Power, and independant Jurifdictic.'i 
 
( 121 ) 
 
 and Authority, in whofc name and by whole 
 he had made War, and committed 
 ravage upon the Spumunls, he was acquitted 
 from the criminal charge of that, whereof he 
 had been Indicted and Arraigned, and was 
 declared m Gr'diy of die l'yrmy, whereof the 
 Sf-.ir,: -r4s had accufed him, and complained to 
 the King. 
 
 And for any to fay, that the alledging of 
 S\r p’s having been acquitted, upon tile ground 
 of iiis having acted by a Coi,mjfion from the 
 D<tr!n;s, is a nicer Tf, as fome have been re¬ 
 ported to have cxprelled themfelves \ I fiiall on¬ 
 ly in reference to that Term and Phrafe mo- 
 deftly obferve, that as the matter of Fuel in 
 his being ykcjuittcd , is certain, and that no o- 
 ther rcafon was then given, or hath fmee been 
 aflignrd of it, have his having acted by a 
 Con,m'l;io,! of a People that were abfolntc with¬ 
 in Inch and fnch Territories, and diltvicts, 
 and altogether independant uponthc S/awArT; 
 it is too great a reflection upon the Honour 
 and Juilicc of die Nation, the Integrity and 
 Llprig'ntncfs of our Judicial Courts, and upon 
 our linger icy in the obfervation of Alliances, 
 to idle a Juridical Verdift and Sentence, a Jcjl, in 
 that wmui was tne foie and the alone legal 
 Foundation of and Motive unto it. And what 
 an Idea would the belief of this give both Huithcu 
 and Cbi'ijlianNsjlous of theWorld of us,and vvliat 
 an opinion mu ft they of all Countries, where 
 a regard to Truth and Jufticc is maintained, 
 conceive and entertain of the if in le¬ 
 
 gal Trials wherein Right is to be done to 
 Princes in Alliand with them, Reparation to 
 be made unto thofe, who have been unjult- 
 
( 122 ) 
 
 ]y nnd injurioufiy, as well as egregioufly, wron- 
 j’ccl; and wherein Crimes of the higheft Na, 
 tare and of moft pernicious Confequence toMan- 
 kind ought to meet with their demerit; I fay 
 that if in tryals of that kind and importance, 
 a fhatn, whim or jeft, muft over-rule Procee¬ 
 dings, and be the ground of the Juridical De- 
 tiliony all which muft be acknowledg’d to 
 have obtain’d in Sharp" s Acquittal, if he came 
 otherwife to be brought in Not Guilty, and to 
 be Difchamd, than by reafon of his having 
 Acted upon a Commiiliou receiv’d from the 
 Dariens, as legal, fupreme, and independant 
 Rulers over that part of the Ijthmns , where they 
 have their Territories, and arc in PofTeilion. 
 
 So that having dilpatch’d the fir A and the chief 
 Tromfition , and the main Particular, upon which 
 the legitimacy of the Settlement of the Scots 
 Company on the Ifihnms of Darien is legally 
 founded ■, I do in the next place proceed to 
 the fccoud Proportion, which 1 promifed to lay 
 down, as a further ground of their having rig'n- 
 teoully become Planters, and begun the efta- 
 bliflunent of a Colony in the place abovemen- 
 tion’d. And of this I lhall give an account 
 with morefpeed and eafe, than 1 did of the for¬ 
 mer ; namely, That the true Proprietors and' 
 lawful Pojftjfurs of a Country are vtfed with a 
 Tower inherent in thcmfelvcs , by whieh they 
 may rightfully and authoritatively,without being 
 accountable to any other, admit and reccht 
 Strangers, Foreigners, Aliens , and others, into 
 their Territories, and within their own propel' 
 and peculiar Jurifditiions , ^nd allow them the 
 Freedom Privilege and Right of Settling, In¬ 
 habiting, and Trading among them. For it is 
 one 
 
( 12 ? ) 
 
 one of the Grit Principles both of the Laws 
 of Nature and Nations, that they who are 
 the original and primitive Proprietors, Inheri¬ 
 tors, PofTefTors, and Occupyersof a Country and 
 Soil, may admit, welcom, and take in others, 
 into the Inhabiting, Planting, Cultivating, and 
 Improving fuch places and parts or it, as dotli 
 neither thruft out and difpoflefs themfelves of 
 what is either necelfary or convenient to their 
 living fafely after their wonted manner, of 
 Plenty and Pleafure, nor which will incommo- 
 date, hurt, or endanger them in the enjoyment 
 of what they do retain.For tho’ no Man can give, 
 difpofe and alienate to another, that which he 
 neither has in pofleflioii, nor can pretend any 
 legal Claim of Title and Right unto, which 
 the Pope both betray’d his Pride and Folly in 
 doing, when lie took upon him the granting of 
 all the Weft-Indies to the King of Spain, being 
 therein ridiculoully liberal of that which did 
 no ways appertain to him: Yet every one hath 
 a right of bellowing upon another, what is in- 
 difputably his own, provided it be Sine danwo 
 unit, without the wronging or the prejudicing 
 a third Perfon, or a Party, upon whom he ei¬ 
 ther depends as his Superiour, or of whofe 
 convenience he is previoully obliged, either by 
 the Laws of Nature or of Nations, or by ante¬ 
 cedent Agreements, Contrads, and Stipulations, 
 to take care. 
 
 Nor is this any perfonal or private Notion 
 of mine, but the uniform and univerfal Judg¬ 
 ment of all Civilians , out of whofe Writings 
 it were eaiie to cite many Teftimonies, were 
 knot iii a manner wholly fuperfluous, thro’ the 
 intrinlic evidences which ihine in the matter 
 and 
 
( I2 4 ) 
 
 and cafe it felf. So that I /hall content 111'/ 
 felf with one or two from Pifcmlmf, who is 
 011c of the moft Judicious and Learned, as 
 well as of the latcft-'Auchors that have writ¬ 
 ten of the Right and : Lam of Nature and Na¬ 
 tions, Ea efi, lays lie, vis Dominii, nt dc rebus 
 qua, tanquam propria & in foiidum ad nos perti- 
 nent, pro Arbi trio nofiro difponcrc pojfimus: It is 
 a ncceffary appendent unto Dominion, that be or 
 they unto whom it doth properly and entirely belong 
 Be lure till atd bvery tinngo? things which 
 
 Nat. & do fall Within the comp, tjs, and circle of it, u 
 Gent./. 4 < whom, after what manner, and upon what terms 
 f4.§.2.'& they pleafe: And as lie further faith, Vt quit 
 c. 6 . S-4. rm f,; m p 0 jj] t d h mr re, fat in alterum transferee, 
 id ipfum cx Dominie plcni na.tura rcfdtat , Cum 
 enim hoc Domino det facultatem de re pro Arbi- 
 trio difponendi, utique vel pracipua cjns ftcaUatis 
 pars videtur, fi it a pi ace at, earn in alteram pojfe 
 transferre: It belonged) as an cjfemid property un¬ 
 to Dominion, and followed) from the nature of it, 
 that he or they unto whomsoever it doth appertain, d> 
 thereby, from thence, and thereupon fland poffcfd of 
 and vcfled with a Right and Rower of difpofmg, 
 transferring, and of alienating thofe things they have 
 a Right unto, and Propriety in, to what Pcrfou or Per- 
 De Tnve mtt anc ‘ convenient fo to do. 
 
 B. tVp. To which might be added that of Grot ins, 
 i. 2. c. .t. who very well faith, That Non venit ex Jure 
 5 . 4 1 Civili,fed ex Jure Naturali, quo quifqnc fimm poteft 
 abdicate: It is from the Laws of Nature, rather 
 than that of Nations, that every Man may difpofe 
 of his own as be pleajeth. 
 
 Nor do the diveriity of Forms and Modes of 
 (Government in and over Countries and Socie- 
 iks of People* any ways change and alter the 
 caf; 
 
cafe in this particular. For be the fuprerqc 
 
 Authority placed in One Perfon, or maPlnr*-- 
 lity • and be the exercife and adrainiHratioii of 
 it, either circumfcrib’d or confin’d by Laws, 
 or left to the Arbitrary Will and Pleafure or 
 him that governed^ it is the fame thing with 
 refpeft to that which I am difeourfing of: 
 Seeing what the hvtr is enabled to do, by an 
 individual and defrticnl Right, in the execu¬ 
 tion whereof he ads always unaccountably, 
 tho’ poifibly not at ail times fo wifely - ? the 
 other may do the fame, under the direction of 
 the Laws, and with the confent of the People, 
 And how much foever they who are doatlfcl 
 with the ihpreme ruling Power may be limi¬ 
 ted and retrain’d, either by the Maxims of 
 Wifdom and Honeity, and by the Natural and 
 Unwritten Laws of Humanity, Gratitude and 
 Juftice, or by Political Compacts, and Munici¬ 
 pal Ordinances and Confutations, from acting 
 againfc the good Welfare and lntercfi: of their 
 Countries and People; yet all clo acknowledge, 
 that both they of the one Form and Rank, and 
 of the other, have not only a wonderful Lati¬ 
 tude and Liberty vouchfafed them in whatfee- 
 ver is for the advantage of thcmfelves, and of 
 thofe over whom they are fet, but that they 
 Hand indifpenfably oblig’d (tho’ the omiilion 
 of it is with impunity,) to purfuc and fall in 
 with every thing that is for the fecurity and 
 univerfal Intercll: of thcmfelves, their Subjects, 
 their Territories and Diftrids. 
 
 All which do obtain and hold in relation to 
 the CwUjHcs and Nakr Indium on the Jjihmus 
 of Darien, who as they have an abfolute, in¬ 
 dependent and plenary Power, to receive, give 
 Freedom 
 
( «6 ) 
 
 Freedom unto, and authorize fuch Strangers 
 and Foreigners, to Settle, Inhabit, and Traf- 
 fick among them, as they fhall think meet and 
 judge it convenient to entertain and ^endue 
 with thofe privilegesy fo in no one thing what- 
 focver could they have more confulted their 
 advantage, and have acted more fiibferviently 
 to their own Intcrcft, than in the receiving the 
 Scots to fettle among them, and to erect Forts 
 and eftablifh Colonies. For befides the Benefits 
 which may thereby accrue to them, whereof 
 they probably may be neither thoughtful norfo- 
 licitous, of being render’d a more civiliz’d Peo- 
 pie, and of enjoying means and helps for the 
 arrival at the knowledge of the true God, and 
 of our Lord JESUS Chrift, and of all an¬ 
 nexed thereunto, depending thereupon, and re- 
 fulting from thence, There are many great 
 Secular advantages, which they will thereby 
 become furnilhed with, and attain unto. For 
 it is evident, how that by this means, the Gold 
 and Siva- which lies hid and bury’d in their 
 Mints, and the levcral forts of Dying Woods 
 which grow in their Fields, as well as many 
 more Natural Productions, which their Lands 
 do afford, belides fuch Goods and Commodi¬ 
 ties, as their Grounds may, by Art and Indu- 
 Itry, be brought to yield and bear, will thro’ 
 Labour and Cultivation, be gain’d and improv’d 
 both to their own benefit, and that of Euro- 
 pan Nations, and particularly of Great Britain , 
 and the reft of His Majcfty’s Dominions, which 
 are all at prefent of little or no ufe, fervice or 
 advantage, either to the Natives or to the reft of 
 Mankind and that partly by rcafon of the la- 
 zkefs, ignorance and unskilfulnefs of thofe 
 
( *27 ) 
 
 Indians, and partly bccanfe of the want or a 
 fuJHcicnt number of fit and proper Hands, to 
 turn all thefc and more both of like and of o- 
 ther kind of Productions, which that Country 
 cither actually doth, or by Manuring. may be 
 improv’d to affotd, to a benetoiaincfs either un¬ 
 to themfcivcs or unto others. 
 
 Moreover, by the Mats bavin;, admitted 
 the Scots to tit down and to cftubiifh Colonies 
 within their Territories, they will become 
 ftrengthened to defend thcmfdvcs and their 
 pofieflions, againft thofe who have always been 
 their Enemies; and who have purftied all the 
 ways and means, and have improved all the 
 advantages, which they could arrive at, either 
 by fraud and force, tor the encroaching upon 
 their Demefncs, and the wrefting them from 
 them, and tor the thbduing and entlaving their 
 Pcrfons. For tho’ the Siois arc detirous to 
 live neighbourly,peaceably,and amicably with the 
 Spaniards, and will be far from either commit¬ 
 ting any afts of Hoftility upon thcngunlefs they 
 be toll attack’d and aflauked by them (in which 
 cafe they will be juftifiable by the Laws of 
 God and Nations to witbiland and oppoie force 
 with force) or from the countenancing, encou¬ 
 raging, and aiding of thofe Natives who have 
 receiv’d them, and with whom they are en¬ 
 ter’d into Alliances, in any ofleniive Wars a- 
 gainft the Spaniards within the Spanijh Colonies 
 and Settlements, yet the Scots will account 
 themfclves oblig’d in Gratitude and.Juftice, 
 as well as by Vertuc of the Covenants and Sti¬ 
 pulations, which they have made and contra- 
 fted with the Indians , within, whofe Jurifdifli- 
 ons, and near unto whofe Territories, there 
 Cdiclor.im 
 
( 128 ) 
 
 CedldonicM Colony lies, to cover and proteft tliofe 
 Afomwagainlb alltlie violences,whichtlicSpmVr/vb 
 Shall caufelcfsly and injurioufly offer them.Which 
 as it will be of wonderful Defence and Securi¬ 
 ty, to the Natives, amongft whom they are re¬ 
 ceived to dwell and to trade, againlt their 
 Ancient , Conftant and Irreconcilable Ene¬ 
 mies, fo it was an Act of great Difcretion and 
 Prudence, in thofe Indians, that they have up¬ 
 on the faid profpectand motive, welcomed the 
 Scots into their Country, and admitted them 
 to Plant, and to creel Forts within their pre¬ 
 cincts. 
 
 Hereunto may be added, that it is upon the 
 Foundation and Bafts of the Native Americans, 
 haying an Intrinfick and Legal power of re¬ 
 ceiving Foreigners and Aliens among them, and 
 an indubitable and unqueltionable right of al¬ 
 lowing them a freedom, to fettle in their Coun¬ 
 tries and within their Territories, cither upon 
 the Continent, or in Iflands, that all the Planta¬ 
 tions of the Europeans, and particularly of the 
 Englijb in the Weft-Indies, are rendred Law¬ 
 ful and Juft in the fight of God and of 
 men. 
 
 For whereas the E/Aijh were not the pri¬ 
 mitive Inhabitants, nor the Original polftllon 
 of thofe American Provinces, nor offeveral of the 
 Iflands, where they have now many and large 
 Colonies and Plantations 5 they muft either be 
 accounted violent Invaders, and unrighteous 
 Ufurpcrs of thofe Territories where they haw- 
 fettled and Planted, or they muft dc ive their 
 Right and Title to their being there, from fom: 
 Ail of the Natives importing their Confuse to re¬ 
 ceive them j whiih-she Indians cannot be a!- 
 
lowed to have been capable of giving, without 
 a previous fuppofed right in them fo to do. 
 Yea, the very Spaniard! upon their firft clifcove- 
 ry of America, pretended no otherwife to fet¬ 
 tle there, than with the Allowance and Confent 
 of the Natives, as I have intimated before in 
 and from the acknowledgement of Columbus , 
 
 ; who was the difeoverer of the Weft-Indies , as 
 ; it is recorded by Herrera , the Spam'jh Hiftorian : 
 Tho’ it muft withal be confdled, that they 
 ‘ did not proceed upon that principle ; but that 
 into whatfoever places they were Mered to 
 come, and w T ere received by the Indians, they 
 i did there eftablifh themfelves by Violence, 
 
 I and thro’ unjuft Wars, and upon the En- 
 I Having, Maflacring and Exterminating of the 
 Natives. 
 
 There remains yet one Tropofitmi more, which 
 \ is the third that I Promifed to lay down, in 
 ; order both to the reprefenting within a.nar- 
 1 row view and compafs, the whole legal ground 
 ; and foundation, upon which the Scots fettle- 
 ; ment is Superftruclcd and Built, and for the de- 
 raonftrating that their Planting in that place of 
 the Ifthmtss of Darien, is according and agreeable 
 : totheLaws of Nations,and confequently Lawful, 
 
 1 Juft and Blamelefs, uniefs vitiated and rendred 
 - Illegitimate, and Culpable thro’ the Violation 
 of fome Articles of Alliances , between the 
 : Crowns of Great Britain and of Spain, which 
 1 fhall afterwards invincibly fhew that it is 
 not. The propofition then, (and without 
 which, the two former would be of no figni- 
 ficancy nor fervice, to the decifion of the Que 
 ftion under debate) is, that the Scots have 
 had the Leave and Confent of the Natives 
 K for 
 
for their Setting down and Planting in the place 
 above-mention’d, and that they have neither 
 forcibly Invaded thofc Indians , nor by Fund 
 or Power wrelted that pan of their Territory 
 from them 3 but that whatfoever they are be¬ 
 come polfefs’d of, was by a Grant and Cor cof¬ 
 fin of it from thofe Natives within whofe Ju- 
 rifdiffion it lycth. For whereas the Scots did 
 not find the place void, but that it was pre- 
 occupy’d by the Natives , who were the true 
 Proprietors of it, as well as of the Country 
 adjacent thereunto, it isimpoffible that the Scon 
 fhould have any Right and Title, for Sitting 
 down and erefting Forts there, unlefs in the 
 way of Ccnquefi , Surrender , or Confcnt of thofe 
 who were the antecedent Inhabitants and Ow¬ 
 ners, thefe being the all and the only ways 
 met with and known in Laws, whereby the 
 fubfequent Comers into a Country already pof- 
 fefs’d and occupy’d, can acquire a Right and 
 Title for Sitting down and becoming Relidents. 
 And as the Scots do wholly renounce all 
 pretence and claim of Conqitcfl , as the Ground 
 and Foundation of their Settlement there 3 fo 
 they do not challenge a Polfeflion, either of 
 that particular place, where they have eretted 
 their Works and made themfelves Dwellings, 
 or of any part of the Country that neigh¬ 
 boured! unto it, by and upon a plenary and 
 full Surrender of it to the Calidonian Company, 
 and exclufivc of the Natives retaining any 
 Right in the place, fave as the Scots Hull ami¬ 
 cably indulge and gratuitou-fly allow them; 
 but the whole which they plead, is a Greet: 
 from, and Confcnt of thofe Indians , who were 
 the primitive and rightful Proprietors, for then 
 fitting I 
 
(I? 1 ) 
 
 fitting down in that part of the Country, and 
 for the cultivating and improving it to their 
 own ufe and benefit, and for the taking in 
 fuch other places within their Territories as 
 they lhall judge niece, and find themfelves in 
 a condition to dilate, ilretch and extend their 
 Colony unto. And the prefent Natives of 
 that place, and of the Diffrids about it, be¬ 
 ing as free from any fubjeefion unto, or de- 
 pendance upon the Spaniards who do at this time 
 poflefs and occupy any Colonies upon the 
 Iftlmus, as the Anceltors and Prcdecellors of’ 
 the former were at any feafon heretofore from 
 and upon tliofe of die latter, it doth by a ne- 
 ceflary confequence follow, and become natu¬ 
 rally deducible from thence, that the Scots co¬ 
 ming to fettle with die confent o r the Caciques , 
 and of the Indian People under them, muff there¬ 
 upon be in the like condition with the Na¬ 
 tives , and no ways liable to any claim of the 
 Spaniards , more than the Indians were and are, 
 and therefore not to be held concerned in, or 
 made cenfurable upon any complaints from the 
 Court of Madrid. 
 
 And that the Scots have the confent of the 
 Natives , for whatfoever they have done in that 
 part of America , I fuppofe no Man will be¬ 
 tray fuch reproachful Ignorance of die prefent 
 tranfactions of the World, or Ihew fir much 
 impudent effrontery, as to deny it: Neverthe- 
 lefs I lhall fo far fupererrogatc, as to give 
 fome demonftrative and undeniable proofs of 
 it. For fo prudent and difereet, as well as 
 calm and temperate were they, who Comman¬ 
 ded the Ships that Sail’d thither, and arriv’d 
 on that Coaft about the beginning of Novem- 
 K x 
 
(n 2 ) 
 
 her, itfpS; and particularly they who were 
 fent along in them to have authority over inch 
 as were to land, and to be dinttors of the Co - 
 lony that was to be eftablilh’d, in cafe they were 
 receiv’d and welcom'd, that notwithftanding 
 of Diftempers, that were among them, as well 
 as of feveral other inconveniences, under which 
 they labour’d, as alfo notwithftanding their 
 having both a good Naval and a Land Force, 
 they would not fo much as enter into the 
 Pert or Haven, or attempt to let any Body of 
 Men on {hove, until they were encourag’d there- 
 unto by the Natives, and having had fome of 
 them on board their Ships, weie invited by 
 them to do it, and withal told that they were 
 very welcome, and that they had long expe- 
 fted them. 
 
 Yea, ftich was their care, circumfpe&ion and 
 tenderneft of cfcaping the very fufpicion of 
 Invading that part of the Jftbmx, to which 
 they had directed their courfe, and upon the 
 particular Coaft whereof they fell in, that 
 they would not difembark any of their Mili¬ 
 tary Forces, and Companies of Soldiers, until 
 by fome of the Principal among them, who 
 went on ft,ore with the Indians, that had viii- 
 ted them on board their Ships, they had ob¬ 
 tain’d a Meeting and Congrcfs with the Cacuf..; 
 in whofc Territory the Port lay, and had both 
 receiv’d his Conjht lor their landing within his 
 Diftricf, and had concerted the to; ms for their 
 Settlement within the bounds of his Precindts; 
 which Cacique, being one call’d CattAn Andut, 
 did upon the fecond Meeting and -Congrefi 
 between the Scots and Him, nor only agree to 
 receive them into any part of his Country the. 
 
( IJ?) 
 
 would choofe to fettle in •, but took a Com- 
 miffion from them, promiling that both him- 
 felf, and thofe under bis Authority would af- 
 Jift and defend them with the hazard and at the 
 expence of their Lives. 
 
 To which may be added, how that betides 
 their daily and friendly Coverfation and Inter- 
 courfe together, both at firft and all along 
 fince teftify’d on the part of the Scots, by their 
 prefenting the Natives with fuch things, as 
 might be moll acceptable and pleating unto 
 them, and witneffed on the part of the Inaians, 
 by their fupplying the Scots with fuch Provi- 
 lions and Eatables as they cither bred or could 
 catch in Hunting, which they could fpare out 
 of their bare and daily Livelihood and Subu- 
 ftcnce ■, I fry that over and above all this, tho’ 
 a fuffkient indication and proof of the Natives 
 receiving them into their Country, and of their 
 giving their lonfcnt to the Scots landing and 
 fetling among them; There was a formal Com¬ 
 pact and Stimulation tranfteted in the moll fo- 
 Icmn manner, between Captain Andreas and 
 them, and which was ratifyd on the part of 
 the Scots , by their giving unto Captain Andreas 
 a Sword and a pair of Piftols, and confirmed on 
 bis part and that of the Indians, by their delivering 
 a piece of Twf and Twigg unto the Scots, in 
 token of the Grant which the Natives had made 
 unto the Scots of a liberty to fettle and eftablifh 
 a Colony in their Country. 
 
 Moreover in further evidence, that the Scots 
 have Erefted Forts, and Planted their Calido- 
 man Colony with the confent of the Natives, 
 I (ball finally obferve, how that upon the ap¬ 
 proach of the Spaniards with fome Military 
 K 3 Forces 
 
( m ) 
 
 Forces, to have either furprized the Scots, or 
 in a fair encounter to have beaten and drove 
 them from thence, the Indians in that diltrift 
 were unanimoufly ready to have Joyned them 
 againlt the Spaniards, and actually did fo with 
 fuch a Number of their bell men, as the Sms 
 out of a great Multitude that offer’d them- 
 fdves, Judged convenient to entertain and re¬ 
 ceive. Among whom as there was the C,?- 
 cicftie's own Son; fo both be and all the reft 
 of the Indians, that marched in conjunction 
 with the Scots againlt the Spaniards, behaved 
 themfelves with great Fidelity, and with as 
 much Bravour, as the hidden flight of th eSpa¬ 
 niards, would allow them occafion and opportu¬ 
 nity of Manifelting. 
 
 So that upon the whole, I may now ven¬ 
 ture to conclude, that the fettlement of the 
 Scots oil the Iftimw of Darien , is not only 
 according to the laws of Nations Juft and Law¬ 
 ful, and no ways Injurious to the rights of any, 
 and that they have in all the Heps which they 
 have therein taken, proceeded according to the 
 Rules and Meafures, by which all the European 
 Nations, who have eftablifhed Plantations in 
 any parts of the World, do both Vindicate 
 themfelves from obnoxioufnefs to blame in 
 what they did, and do Jultifie their claim of 
 Right and Title unto them, and for the de¬ 
 fending and upholding of them: but I may 
 prefnme with Modcfcy, as well as with Truth, 
 lurcher to affirm, that there never was a Plan¬ 
 tation or Colony fettled by any Nation what- 
 
 lotver 5 or in any part of the World what- 
 
 foever upon jufter principles, or whofe efta- 
 blifirment hath been tnnfaclcd, with more 
 Fnirncft 
 
OH). 
 
 Fairnefs and Candor, and with all due refpect 
 to the reafonable pretences of every one that 
 had but a lliadow or feemingnefs of claim, as 
 well as with a tender and full regard to the 
 property and right of the Natives, whofe both 
 confent and entreaty they have for authorizing 
 them in what they have done. 
 
 Having then fully both declared and de- 
 monftratcd the legality of the Scots, having 
 Planted a Colony on the Iftbmus of Dane;7, 
 and given a deduction of the grounds of Law 
 and Juftice, upon which that eftablilhment is 
 Founded and Built, and by which it is evi¬ 
 dently vindicated, front all the exceptions and 
 complaints that are or can be made agaiiift 
 it by the Spaniards, or by any others charging 
 it as unlawful, invafive and criminal': It may 
 poffibly be faid in favour of the Spaniards , that 
 tho’ there be no llfurpation made thereby up¬ 
 on their Rights, yet thro : the Aijaccmy and 
 Nearnefs of that Plantation, to the Colonics 
 which the Spaniards are allowed to be right¬ 
 fully poflefied of, upon the Ifthmns , the Scots 
 have not ached fo Kindly and Amicably, as 
 might have been expefted from the fubjefts 
 of a Prince and Potentate, who is in a firm 
 Alliance, and under all the bonds and meafures 
 of Friendfhip, with his Catholick Majefty. And 
 therefore that tho’ that Settlement, be- neither 
 againft the Laws, nor the Rules of Juftice, yet 
 it is a Violation of thofe terms of Decen¬ 
 cy, and of Bicnfeance, which ought to be obfer- 
 ved among Mmimxbs, that are fo cordially 
 
 United in Royal and Brotherly Correfpon- 
 
 dence and Amity, as his Brltatmick Mtjcjfy and 
 the King of Spain are known to be. But in 
 K 4 reference 
 
( ij<5) 
 
 reference to that allegation, there are feveral 
 things which lie obvious to be'offer’d. 
 
 Namely, That by this exception, the Scots are 
 only ccntable for having trefpafs’d againft 
 the Ceremonies and Pun&ilio’s of vvliat is call’d 
 Genteel and good Breeding: But not for ha¬ 
 ving offended againft the Rules of Juftice, or 
 for having violated the Laws of Property. 
 So that tho’ they may not havea&cd fo man¬ 
 nerly as fome People would have had them, 
 yet they have done nothing that is unlawful 
 and unrighteous. Nor was it hitherto ever ex¬ 
 pected, and muchlefs requir’d, that a Nation, 
 rather than to be deficient in a Complement, 
 fhould both neglect and abandon their Intereft. 
 Moreover, whatfoever refpedt the Subjects of 
 any Soveraign ought to have unto the Rules 
 of complacence, and the ceremonies of Royal 
 Courtfhips, by and according to which Crown’d 
 Heads do conduct and govern thcmfelvcs to¬ 
 wards one another, while Matters regarding 
 the Benefit and Profperity of a Kingdom do 
 fall within the compafs of the perfonal tranf- 
 adtions of a few, or do lie under private de¬ 
 bates, and antecedently to their being digefted 
 and concerted into Parliamentary Bills, and 
 before thofe Bills be ratify’d into Laws, and 
 pafs’d into vlils yet there is no deference of 
 that Nature payable, nor any obfcrvance to be 
 had of meer ceremonies of Courtlhip, after 
 they are difpenc’d with, and fuperceded by a 
 Statute, and the affair wherein they were to have 
 been pradtifed, is become authorized by a Mu¬ 
 nicipal Law. 
 
( i?7 ) 
 
 further it mult neceflarily alfo he granted, 
 that the place where the Caldionian Colony is 
 eftablifli’d, is no nearer to the Spamjb Planta¬ 
 tions, by its being in the Hands of the Scots, 
 than it was while iu the alone, and foie Pof- 
 feffion of the Na’ives. Nor is there fo much 
 reafon or caule, why the Spaniards Ihould tear 
 the meeting with any thing that may be un¬ 
 civil or hurtful from the Scots, as they had rea¬ 
 fon to apprehend and dread from the Indians, 
 in that the latter are not only a rude and bar¬ 
 barous People, but their ancient, inveterate, 
 implacable and mortal Enemies} whereas the 
 former, are bonii a civil, generous, and Chrilti- 
 an People, trained up in all the mcafurcs of 
 Humanity, good Breeding, Morality, and Re¬ 
 ligion, and governing thenifclves by the Laws 
 of Revelation, as well as of Nations and who 
 withal have never been in War, nor arc deii- 
 rous to have any Hoftility with them. 
 
 Yea, the Alliances between the Crowns of Great 
 Britain and of Spain ought to obviate all Jea- 
 loniie in the Spaniards, of their having any 
 thing that is cither undecent or injurious of¬ 
 fer’d unto them by the Scots, who are Subjects 
 under a Monarch that is in affinity with UhCatbo. 
 lick Mnji jly. Whereas thro’ want of Leagues and 
 Stipulations between the Spaniards and thofe 
 Indians , into wliofe Territories theSm* are re¬ 
 ceiv’d, they had ground of being always and 
 juflly fufpidons, that fuch mifehiefs would be 
 done them, as the power of thofe Natives 
 could enable them to attempt and execute. 
 Further, if the eidjaccmy and nearnefs of the 
 
 Slots Plantation unto the Span^fb Colonies prove 
 matter of offence unto the latter, and of com¬ 
 plaint 
 
( *38 ) 
 
 plaint againft the former, the fault thereof is 
 wholly to be lodg’d upon the Spaniards, and 
 therefore the blame ought entirely to fall up¬ 
 on them. Seeing whatfoever the Scots are come 
 into the podeflion and occupation of, they 
 have a juft and legal Right thereunto, from 
 the grant and confent of the Natives, who 
 were the undoubted and true Proprietors there¬ 
 of ; whereas the whole which the Spaniards do 
 there poftefs, and all the Colonies which they 
 have fettled, hath not only been done with¬ 
 out the leave, but againft the will of the an¬ 
 cient and rightful Owners. So that by reafon 
 of the badnefs of their Title, which flows 
 from Ufurpation, and is built upon their ha¬ 
 ving unjuftly invaded what belonged unto o- 
 thers; the whole of a reafonable Accufation, 
 and of a juft Complaint, doth lie againft them, 
 and their Plantations; whereas the Title of 
 the Scots proving legal and good, thro’ their 
 having come to inhabit and fettle with the al¬ 
 lowance, and upon the invitation of the Indi¬ 
 ans, the neamefs of their Colony to thofe of the 
 Spaniards, doth not make them or it obnoxious 
 to any juft and rational Expoftulations or Re- 
 monftrances. 
 
 Nor is the cafe of the Spaniards made bet¬ 
 ter bccaufe of their Colonies being eftabliflfd 
 long ago, or the condition of the Scots ren¬ 
 der’d worfe, by reafon of their having but 
 lately begun to lit down, and to plant; in that 
 the Tide of the one is good from the firft mo¬ 
 ment; whereas no length of time can ever 
 make the claim of the other juftifiable: For 
 as all Lawyers do fay, and particularly Crotim, 
 That tcmpiss in fe nnllam babet vim ejfeclricem, 
 that 
 
( M9 ) 
 
 that a pofieffion which is acquir’d unjultiy at 
 firft, can never be render’d juft by a continu¬ 
 ance in the long occupation of it: So a Title 
 unto a Place, and a Right in a Settlement, 
 by the grant and with the confent of the 
 true Proprietors, is equally good, juft and va¬ 
 lid in Law the firft day, as it will be after 
 the having been inherited a Thoufand Years. 
 
 Moreover, there is not that nearnefs of the 
 Calldonian Colony to the Plantations which the 
 Spaniards have upon the Iftlmm of Darien , as 
 fome thro’ ignorance of Maps and unacquain- 
 tednefs with Journals , may, upon a general 
 noife and clamour, be inclin’d to imaginej 
 feeing none of the Settlements, which the 
 Spaniards have, and whereof they are in the 
 aftual pofieOion and occupation, are within left, 
 diftance than fifteen or lixteen Leagues of the 
 Scots Plantation, which is enough not only to 
 filence the report, and to put an end to the 
 pretence of the adjacency between the Colonies 
 of the one and the other, but for the giving 
 large bounds for determining between their 
 Properties and Jurifdiclion, and for chalking 
 out limits of divifion and reparation betwixt 
 what can any time refonably arifte, and come 
 to be their feveral and refpective Claims. And 
 as they who would extend their pretence of 
 Right and Jurifdiclion fifteen or lixteen Leantcs 
 beyond what they are a&ually poflefs’d of, 
 may as well enlarge it to a thoufand ■ fo nei¬ 
 ther do the Titles of Princes unto their vari¬ 
 ous and different Dominions and Territories 
 depend upon the nearnefs unto, or the re- 
 motenefs of their Lands from each others, 
 hut. upon the legal Property which they have, 
 
( I 4° ) 
 
 and their being either in the actual pofieftioti 
 of them, or of Countries, Cities, Towns, or 
 Places, upon which they do depend, or upon 
 the retaining a claim by vertue of .an here¬ 
 ditary Right which they have not renounced, 
 But they mufc not only be ftrangely unac¬ 
 quainted with Hifiones as well as with Aty q 
 but ftand ignorant of what every Traveller 
 can inform them, who do not know that even 
 in Europe there arc Sovereign jurifdi&ions and 
 Principalities, furrounded by and inclofed with¬ 
 in the Dominions of other Princes, whereof a- 
 jnong many others, Or awe and Avignion are 
 undeniable Instances. Nor is it poflible to be 
 avoided, but the Lands and Territories of all 
 Neighbouring Princes whatfoever, who do 
 live upon Comhdius, mull: be Contiguous in foiliC 
 one place or another. And tho’ the limits of 
 feme Princes Countries, may in fome places be 
 divided from thofe of other Potentates by rid¬ 
 ges of Mountains, or by coniklerable Rivers •, 
 yet for tire moll part they arc no otherwife 
 diltinguiihcd and i'cparated, than by a road, 
 a ■ hedge, a brook, or by erected Pillars of 
 wood, or by fbones which are fet up here and 
 there. 
 
 Finally that wherewith the Scots Hand char¬ 
 ged, and whereof they .arc in this particular 
 accufcd, is no more than what is pradlifed by 
 all European Princes, and States in moft parts 
 or the World, where they have fettled Co¬ 
 lonies- and Plantations, and that without the 
 Infraction of the bonds of Amity and Alliances 
 between them, or the being thought to tref- 
 pafs againft the rules of Decency and Rcfpeer, 
 which the Rulers of Kingdoms and Repub- 
 
( i4i ) 
 
 lick?, are accuftomcd to render to each other, 
 of which it were eafy to affign many undenia¬ 
 ble inftances, but I (hall confine my felf to a 
 few. ’Tis fufficiently known, that all along 
 on the Co,ift of Jfrick, and particularly on the 
 River Gamhc , the E'glijh, Fraxh , and other 
 Euofcans , have their fettlcments intermixed 
 and contiguous, without clamouring againlt 
 or Impeaching of one an other, on die fcor’e 
 of Adjacency. Nor is it to be denied, but that 
 as Ceuta, Edgier and ALmma, do lie in the 
 bofom of the Empire of Morocco •, fo that 
 they have been pollelled by, and have belong¬ 
 ed to diiferent European Potentates, without 
 their complaining of one another upon that 
 Motive. Neither is it to be in die lead coa- 
 tradifted, but that the Fuglifh and French have 
 their feveral and refpeefive Vlr.ntMons^ on the 
 Jpnd of Nnvfoimdhv’J, where, favc in the time 
 of actual War, between thefe two Crowns, 
 they live in all friendlinefs together, each of 
 them following, carrying on., and promoting 
 their feveral F,Jhcrics , in and by which as many 
 Seamen are bred as well as employed, and Na¬ 
 vigation greatly entreated, and Multitudes of 
 Ships advantageoully ufed , fo with a little 
 
 coft tl 
 
 lat i: 
 
 > disburfed on 
 
 Nets. 
 
 and on 
 
 Diet 
 
 for Saylers, 
 
 (which alfo turns t 
 
 o a Nat 
 
 .ional 
 
 benefit 
 
 . and 
 
 gain) tb.crc is 
 
 more 
 
 Wealth 
 
 fiovv- 
 
 eth an 
 
 nually 
 
 r into the Kin; 
 
 gdom. 
 
 , or at 
 
 lealt 
 
 might, 
 
 , if i 
 
 that Tr.uic vvci 
 
 re cm 
 
 couraged 
 
 , and 
 
 cultivi 
 
 ited a< 
 
 > it deferveth at 
 
 id out 
 
 'lit to be. 
 
 , than 
 
 by any 
 
 ' one 
 
 branch of our 
 
 Maiv 
 
 ufacture \ 
 
 .vhat- 
 
 foever 
 
 , to t 
 
 he Fabricking v 
 
 there; 
 
 of to make it 
 
 Mcrca 
 
 ntile, 
 
 there is fo nine 
 
 li prei 
 
 tious ex 
 
 pence 
 
 reqnir 
 
 cd. ' 
 
 fhc fame might 
 
 : be 
 
 inftanced 
 
 . with 
 'fneS 
 
( 142 ) 
 
 refpcct of the Jpnd of St. Chrlfiophcr s, which 
 bcloiigcth half no the Englijh, and half to the 
 French, tho’ neither of their (hares be well peo- 
 pled or Cultivated. 
 
 Whereimto may be alfo added, that the 
 Dutch and Portugucfc have their different and 
 refpe&ive Plantations, on the coaft of Brajile, 
 without any mifnnderftanding or quarrel be¬ 
 tween them on that account, and to which 
 the Spaniards do pretend as much Right, as 
 they do to the Jfthmns of Darien. Yea the Ijlad 
 of St. Thomas, which is Poffeffed by the Dams, 
 is not far diftant from Porto Rico, which is in 
 the occupation of the Spaniards •, as alfo very 
 near unto St. Thomas , lyeth the Crab IjhrJ., 
 which is pretended unto not only by the 
 Spaniards, and the French, and particularly by 
 the Danes, but likewife by the Englijh, who 
 were once Poffeffed of it, and which I do 
 wonder they endeavour not to repoffefs them- 
 felves of, feeing as it is now void, fo it isof 
 very great importance initfelf, and would be 
 of wonderful ufefulnefs to their Plantations, 
 were it in the Englijh hands, and fecured by 
 a good Military force, without which they 
 well be fure to be Murderd in, or foon drove 
 out of it by the Spaniards, that inhabit Porto- 
 Rico. 
 
 And to conclude this Paragraph with one 
 inftance more, it is obfervable that whereas 
 the Englijh (as I intimated before upon another 
 occafion) were in afttial Poffeffiou of all the 
 places adjacent to, and Snrrounding the Mon- 
 hados, which lies betwixt long IJland and the 
 Main, and is fometimes reckoned a part of 
 long IJland, the Dutch finding it unoccupied 
 
 cither 
 
043) 
 
 cither by the Englijh, or by any other Europe¬ 
 ans, fat down and fettled a Colony upon it, 
 in a time of Peace between his Britannick Ma- 
 jefiy and the States of Holland, and called their 
 chief Seat and Fortification^ there, by the name 
 of New Jmftcrdam, tho’ it was. wholly en- 
 compalTed by, and in fome places immediately 
 bordered upon the Englijh Colonies , without fo 
 much as the interpofure of a River. Whereof the 
 Englijh were fo far from complaining, and much 
 more from making it a matter, and caufe of 
 Hoftility between the E-ngliJh Crown, and the 
 Belgick Republic!;, that even upon breaking out 
 of the War 1672, when all things were al- 
 ledged, that could adminifter the lcaft Iha- 
 dowfor Juftifying the commencement of it, on 
 the part of the Englijh who were the Aggref- 
 fors, that of the Dutch having fettled on the 
 Mouhados, was not fo much as once mentio¬ 
 ned, nor in the Treaty of Peace in the year 
 1677, was it ever brought under Debate, in 
 the Congrefs between the Plenipotentiariesoi Eng¬ 
 land m& Holland. But after the re-entrance of 
 thofe two powers again into terms of Amity, 
 it was by a private capitulation at London in 
 the end of that year, exchanged (as I have al¬ 
 ready faid) for Surinam. 
 
 Now the foregoing Exception made by the 
 Spaniards, in relation to the Scots, having afted, if 
 not unjuftly,at leaft very difingenuoully, and un¬ 
 kindly in the fettling ofa Colony fo near unto there 
 Plantations, having been fully coniklered in the 
 lalt Paragraph, and the wcaknefs and vanity of it 
 fo abundantly laid open and Manifefted, that 
 no man will offer to revive and inlift upon it 
 for the future, without incurring the forfeiture 
 
( i44 ) 
 
 of his reputation, I (hall now proceed to exa* 
 mine the Precenfion and Allegation, of its be¬ 
 ing an Infraction of the Treaties and Mimes 
 between the Crowns of Great Britain and of Spain • 
 for the Scots to have Landed and begun to 
 eftablilh a Colony, upon any part of the Ijth- 
 mus of Darien. And I lhall the rather bring 
 this to an exact Scrutiny, and under a parti¬ 
 cular and accurate difquilition, in that it hath 
 been diftinguifhingly mentioned, and politic¬ 
 ly aflerted in the Memorial that was prefen- 
 ted to his Majejly , by the command and in 
 the name of the Kina of Spain. In which that 
 Tact of the Scots is (tiled La rapture dc Valliance 
 qni a cjle toujours entre ces deux Conronnes,Lacp:elle 
 Ja Aiajcjlc dlEfpagne a obfeyjcc jiifjacs icy , & 
 objerve tousjours fort Religicufcmetit , An Infraction 
 of the Alliance which is between the two Crowns , 
 which His Spanifh Majejly hath hitherto obferv’d, 
 and will Religioujly do fo. Which Refolution 
 of His Cnbolid Majejly to keep and withal 
 facrcdnefs to obferve the Alliances which he or 
 his Predcccflbrs have made with the Kings of 
 Great Britain, as it is Noble, Princely andChri- 
 ftian (hind which I vvifh the Crown of Spain 
 had better attended, and ached more confo- 
 nantiy unto in their proceedings iince in rela¬ 
 tion to this affair, but which hereafter we 
 lhall (hew that they have not) fo it deferveth 
 to be correfpcndcd with, and anfwer’cl in 
 tite fame manner, and with the like mcafurcs 
 of Fricndlhip, Honour, Veracity and Religion. 
 Nor is there any thing more difgraceful and 
 ignominious in the efteem of Men, as well as 
 lmful and criminal in the light and account o; 
 God, than for Mcnarchs to violate their Ro> 
 
( *4? ) 
 
 al Compacts and Agreements, whether with 
 one another, or with their own Subjects, with¬ 
 out provocations adminiftred to them, where¬ 
 by the Confederacies and Covenants do be¬ 
 come caufally and morally dilfolv’d. And if 
 it be univerfally acknowledg’d, that Potentates 
 having made Compafls with their own Snbjetts 
 are bound in Juftice, as well as in Truth and 
 Honour, to perform them \ much more mult 
 it be confefs’d, that they are oblig’d to keep 
 and obferve the Agreements which they have 
 made with Princes and States that have node- 
 pendance upon them, but are upon an equal 
 foot with themfeives. Yea, if a King cannot 
 without Iniquity violate an Agreement which 
 he hath made, with Subjects that had been Re¬ 
 bels, fo as afterwards to punilh them for that 
 Rebellion, in reference to which the Stipulation- 
 ms, as being pardon’d by the Tenor, and in 
 the vertue of the Treaty, much lefs can he 
 break the Articles of an Alliance with Sove- 
 raign Rulers, who tho’ they may have been E- 
 nemies unto him, could never have been Re¬ 
 bels. 
 
 Nor are any Perfons whatfoever, fo much 
 concern’d to be exact and punctual in keeping 
 their Faith and in performing of their Promifes 
 as Fumes are, and that upon the Motive of 
 Credit and Reputation, as well as by reafou of 
 the obligation of Confcience: For ms Padre 
 Paolo fays (alluding to a palfage of Livy) That 
 a Prince who violates his Word, mufi invent a His Opium 
 new Religion to make hitnfelf believ’d another time, i'' e(7e ' 
 feewg the Oaths be made in the Religion he f f o- 
 fffid, have not been able to bind hinr, fo there swe.p.24. 
 is more in that of Tachns, than many are a- ling, Edit. 
 
 L ware 
 
( M« ) 
 
 Ware of, namely, Ceeteris- mortalibus in eo flare 
 Annal. lik concilia, quid conducere Jibi patent prrincipam d.i- 
 4-Mo- verfam effe fortem , qtiibus pracipita reram ad fa. 
 mam d.irigenda: 'That while all others may adapt 
 their Projections and CondaEt to their Inttrefl , it 
 behoveth Princes to calculate their Pdcfigns, and to 
 manage all their Tranjaclions and Hdminijlratms 
 in fabftr-viincy to their Honour and Glory. ■ 
 
 And as both a German Emperor, and a King 
 of Prance are reported to have faid, That if 
 Faith and Truth were loft in the World, they 
 ought to be found in the words of Kings; 
 fo whatfoever Stipulations have been made with 
 the Crown of Spain , by His Majeflys Prcic- 
 ctjfors , as they were the Governors of thefe 
 Kingdoms, and the Rectors of the People; 
 they do no lefs oblige him who fits upon the 
 Throne, than if they had been firft ftipulatcd, 
 and immediately contracted by bmfelf. And 
 as all the Leagues which are by Civilians ftil’d 
 Real, do not only oblige the Contractors, but 
 thofe who fucceed unto them in the gover¬ 
 ning Power, unlefs it be otherwife provided 
 in the Articles of the Alliance, fo all fuch 
 Treaties ought to be even obferv’d by them 
 that are their Subjects, and that upon the Mo¬ 
 tives and Obligations of Confidence, as well 
 as upon the Foundation and Reafon of their 
 Civil and Political Obedience, which they are 
 to render unto his Commands in the vertue 
 of his Authority. For fiich Treaties and Al¬ 
 liances being tranfacted in the force of that 
 political Power wherewith Rulers are veiled 
 over their Subjects, and being concerted and 
 made, with refpect to the benefit and advan¬ 
 tage of their People, they are, in the confirm 
 
ftion of the Law?, and in the opinion of Na¬ 
 tions, the afts of the People themfelves, no 
 lets than they are the deeds of thcfe who 
 are their Sovereigns. And indeed that is rightful 
 ly fuppos’d to he the Fact of the Community , 
 which is done by the Supreme Rider in the ver- 
 ttie of the Authority that is ftated in him by 
 theLaws,and confcquentially to thatTruft which 
 the Subjefts have repos'd in him. So that 
 fhould the Scots , thro’ their Settling at Darien, 
 appear to be guilty of having violated any Ar¬ 
 ticles of folenm Tremits, and of having afted 
 contrary to any Chafes in public Leagues, they 
 would therein not only have done what was 
 injurious to the Crown of Spain, but that which 
 was both difloya! and difnonourable to their 
 own King. And as the F,.tt in the criminal- 
 nefs of it, doth originally and immediately on¬ 
 ly affect the Scots , and is no ways imputable 
 unto His Majcjfy , fave as he Ihould, in cafe it 
 be a trefpafs again# Treaties, fupport and pro¬ 
 tect them in it; ft they are bound both 
 out of the Duty which they owe to His Ma- 
 jrjiy as their Sovereign, and in Equity as well 
 as in Deference to the King of Spain, either 
 to return home from Darien, and abandon 
 their Delign, or elfe to vindicate thcmfelves 
 from having done any thing in that matter, 
 whereby Treaties and Alliances are violated. 
 And if they cannot do tire latter nor will do 
 the firmer. His Majcjly will not only be highly 
 justifiable in the declaiming to countenance and 
 defend them, but he will be oblig’d in Truth, 
 Honour and Juftice, to exert that Authority 
 and Power which are plac’d in him over his 
 
(, 4 S) 
 
 of Spain, and reparation made unto the Sp^ 
 
 But that His Majefty , inftead of falling un¬ 
 der the neceflity of doing a thing of that 
 nature, which will both fo much injure, difoblige 
 and difguft the Scots Nation, I fliall* endeavour to 
 make it evidently appear, that he may not on¬ 
 ly uphold and protect them, without either 
 prejudice to his own Reputation and Glory, 
 or any wrong done to the King of Spain, who 
 is his Allic, but that he is indifpenfably ob¬ 
 lig’d as he is their King, as well as in purfu- 
 ance of an Aft of Parliament, and of his own 
 Royal Grant, to cover them from all the vio¬ 
 lences which lhall be offer’d unto them. And 
 this I fnall do by dcinonftrating that the Fuel 
 of the Scots, in their Landing and Settling at 
 Darien, is no ways inconliftent with, nor done 
 in violation of any Leagues, Treaties and AH- 
 wees betwixt the Crowns of Great Britain and 
 of Spain. And here I mull; challenge the tak¬ 
 ing it for granted, that there are no Trea.rn 
 between the Kings of England and of Spain, but 
 what are public!;, and which all Men are or may 
 be acquainted with. For if Laws themfelves, in 
 the judgment of all Mankind, do not bind and 
 oblige, antecedently to their being promulg; 
 ted and publilh’d •, much lefs are Subjects co:: 
 cern’d in the obfervation and keeping of Tru- 
 ties, unlefs they have had due information and 
 notice given of them. And fhould it be gian¬ 
 ted, that fuch Federal Contrails which Civilisi:: 
 
 (tile Perfiml, and which do only refpeft d: 
 particular benefit of thofe Princes who do con- 
 traft them, and do terminate in their iingk 
 and perfonal Intereils, without either afieftinj 
 
( 149 ) 
 
 their People, or their Heirs or Succefl'ors, I 
 fay Ihould be it allow’d, that there is no necef- 
 iity why thefe Stipulations Ihould be promul¬ 
 gated and made publickly known; yet it is 
 abfolutely rcquiilte, that fuch Agreements and 
 Compacts fhoald be fo divulged as that they 
 may be generally underftood, wherein the fe- 
 veral refpeCtive Intcrefts of many and va¬ 
 rious Kingdoms and Dominions, and of 
 different and cliffinct Sovereigns are both in¬ 
 volved and adjuftcd, and whereby the car¬ 
 riage and behaviour of their People and Sub¬ 
 jects Hand regulated towards one another in 
 fuch and fuch parts of the World; and fuch 
 are the Leagues and Alliances pretended and re- 
 ferr’d unto in the cafe before ns. 
 
 Now the only Treaties between the Kings 
 of Great Britain and thofe. of Spai??, by which 
 both their own, and them Peoples refpective 
 concerns in America are _ adjuftcd and regu¬ 
 lated, and the carriage of their Eritannick Ma¬ 
 yfly's Snbjefls towards the Subjects of their <?■•> 
 tholick Majeftie , and reciprocally of the Sub¬ 
 jects of the Spanijh Mat.ardy towards them of 
 Great Britain, and of the Dominions there¬ 
 unto belonging, Hand directed and arc made 
 governable, are the Treaties of May 13.1 66 7, 
 and of July 1670. Which as they are the only 
 
 regulating Treaties between the two formention’d 
 Monarch in relation to their fevcral Domini¬ 
 ons, Provinces and Poifcllions in America , fo 
 it is by applying unto and confuting thofe 
 Two Treaties , that wc are to examine and de¬ 
 cide, whether the Scots in their having lan¬ 
 ded and begun to eftablifh a Colony upon the 
 Jflbmns of Darien, have made themfclvcs guil- 
 L 3 ty 
 
( ) 
 
 i:v of the Infraction of Alliances , which I do 
 pfitivcly aliirm, and fliail demonftratively 
 prove, that, by thofc Facts they have not done, 
 nor ought to be fo reprefented or efleemed. 
 Seeing it will uncontrolably appear unto every 
 one that will afford himfclf time and leifure to 
 view the Treaties , and to penile the Articles 
 concerted and agreed in them, that they were 
 meerly declarative of what was confefs’d to be 
 in the legitimate and rightful Pofleilion of 
 thole two Kings, and regulative of what Ihould 
 be the behaviour of tlicir feveral and vefpe- 
 ftive Subjects towards each other in America, 
 as alfo reftriftivc with reference to their Claims 
 of any Title or Right to the Provinces, Iiknds 
 and Territories, which either of them were in 
 the poffeflion and occupation of:, but that they 
 were in no ways, or manner executive of, or 
 predujive Rom dfeinbfettling Plantations in 
 Rich other Conutries, Dittrich and Places, as 
 were neither pofleft’d and occupy’d by them, 
 nor by any other European Princes or 
 States. 
 
 And whereas the Treaty of 1670, is that 
 whereby the mutual Interells and Pofleflions 
 of the Kim of Great Britain and of Spain are 
 provided tor and adjufbed, it may not be a- 
 mifs to intimate, the occasion and reafon of 
 thole Regulations , which were concerted and 
 made by "that Alliance. Namely that the Crown 
 of Spun having antecedently thereunto laid 
 Claim to all America, as or right belonging 
 unto His Catholick Majcfty, and having accoun¬ 
 ted all the Settlements of every one elfe, and 
 particularly of the Englijb within that vaft Con¬ 
 tinent , as likevvife in^the America?’ Iflnnds , to 
 
(I$1) 
 
 have been fo many Invafions upon their Right, 
 it was concerted and agreed by that Treaty, 
 that this univerfal claim and pretence of Title 
 of the Spaniards Ihould be renounc’d and dis¬ 
 claim’d. And that the pofleffion of the Crown 
 of England in fuch Territories and Places where 
 the Englijb had planted, Ihould be confefs’d 
 and acknowledg’d to be legal, rightful and 
 good. Which was the foie and alone bufinefs 
 that was defign’d and compafs’cl in the fore- 
 mention’d Treaty. For whereas by the Treaty 
 of 1667, there was only a general and perpe¬ 
 tual Peace concluded and cfhblilhed between 
 the Dominions and Territories of Great Bri¬ 
 tain and thofe of Spain, without the particu¬ 
 larizing of any thing that refpeefed their fe- 
 veral Plantations in America. And whereas 
 the Kings of Spain had always quePdon’d the 
 Riga of the Kings of England to their Ame¬ 
 rican Plantations, upon the ground of an uni- 
 verfal Title, which they claim’d to all the 
 IFcJl-Indies , and had particularly controverted 
 the Right of their Britamnck M.-yfiics to fe- 
 veral Plantations which had been made by 
 the English in the American part of the World, 
 upon pretences and allegations, that the Eng- 
 lifi had forceahly drove out the Spaniards , 
 and thereupon gotten into pofleflion of feve- 
 ral places that had formerly been enjoy’d and 
 occupy’d by them - 7 therefore it was that upon 
 thefe conliderations, that whole matter came un¬ 
 der particular Regulation and Adjuftment in the 
 Treaty of 1670;, in and by which the Right 
 and Dominion of the King of Spain in thofe 
 Countries, lllands, Provinces and Territories, 
 whereof he was pollefied, and fo far as they 
 L 4 were 
 
( 1*0 
 
 wert in the actual occupation of the Spaniards^ 
 being confefs’d, and provifion made for their 
 quiet and peaceable enjoyment of them: There 
 was likewife a formal and explicate Return ela¬ 
 tion of all Claim made by the Spaniards to 
 whatfoever was in the Englilh poflelfion; but 
 not one word or fyllable, fo much as once 
 mention’d in that whole Treaty , concerning 
 and relative to fuch parts and places, as were 
 not at that fcafon in the occupation of the one 
 or of the other. 
 
 Nor can it, in confiftency with good Sence 
 and Reifon, be imagin’d, But that if the Right 
 of the King of Spain to all thofe Territories 
 and Diltrifts in America, which were neither 
 in the actual occupation of the Spaniards , nor 
 of any other European Princes and States, fhould 
 By that Treaty have been acknowledg’d to 
 appertain and belong to the Crown of Spain, 
 their Tide thereunto would have been fpeci- 
 ally inferted and declared, with an exprefs 
 excluilon of all others, that fhould afterwards 
 defign to be Planters in thofe void places of 
 the Continent and Iilands of America . Nor is 
 it to be doubted, that if the Right of the 
 Spaniards had been to be confefs’d and own’d 
 in that Treaty to all the parts of the Conti¬ 
 nent and Mauds that were not polfefs’d by 
 Europeans, but that the landing and fettling 
 rhere, in order to plant, without freedom and 
 liberty previonfly granted by the Crown of Spain, 
 would have been fpecify’d as an act of Hofli- 
 lity and Infraction of the Alliances. So that 
 there having been no fuch care taken, nor 
 provifion made in the foremention’d Treaty, 
 jit is an indifpenfible evidence, that the whole 
 , which 
 
( M3 ) 
 
 which was thereby defign’d, was only to adjuffc 
 and fettle Matters, in relation to what each 
 of thofe two Crowns were a&ually in pofTcflion 
 of. And that they were left {fill under an 
 equal freedom of fettling in any new Places 
 that were, void and unoccupy’d, and no more in 
 the hands of the one than of che other. 
 
 Nor can it fall into the thoughts of any, 
 who have not loft their Underftandings, that 
 the Englifh who are a trading People, and who 
 finding their Intereft and Profit in their Wcfi- 
 India Plantations, defign’d to extend and en¬ 
 large them in whatfoever other parts ot A- 
 merica they could, where Settlements might be 
 made, without Invafion upon the Rights of 
 Europeans, fhould by that Treaty be conclu¬ 
 ded and ftak’d down to plant in no other 
 places of the Wcft-Iudics , fave in thofe, where 
 they had Colonies at that time. So that the 
 whole which was decided, adjufted and ftipu- 
 lated in and by that Treaty, amounted only 
 to thefe two things: First, That by the 7th 
 Article , The King of Great Britain and his Heirs 
 and Sncciffors, fhall have, hold , and pojfefi, with 
 full Right of Empire , Property , and Pojfcjfion , all 
 Pands, Regions , Ifles , Colonics , and Pordjhips, fi- 
 tmed hi the Weft-Indies, or in any part of A- 
 merica, which PJis -Mnjcfly King Charles II. did 
 then hold , or which Pin SnbjeBs did. then pojfrfs-, 
 fo that no Coutrovofy whatfoever was afterwards 
 to be rais'd or mov’d in reference to that Matter. 
 And, idly , That by the 8 th Article, The Sub¬ 
 jects of the faid King fhould abftain from all 
 Commerce and Navigation in the Ports, Ha¬ 
 vens, and Places, having Forts, Caftles, or Sta¬ 
 ples for Commerce, that is, That the Subjects 
 •J Great Britain fhall not Trade nor Sail into 
 the 
 
( i54 ) 
 
 the Ports and Places which the King of Sm k 
 hath in the Weft-Lidlcs, nor the Subjects of'the 
 King of Sfnin Trade or Sail to the places 
 which the King of Great Britain doth there 
 poflefs, without Licences mutually and recipro¬ 
 cally given in the'words and terms, which were 
 fpecify’dand fee down in a Schedule annex’d to 
 the Articles of the Treaty. 
 
 From botli which it doth dennonflxativelj 
 appear, that all ftipu rated about and agreed un¬ 
 to in that Treaty, was, and is, that die Paid 
 Kings and their Subjects, Hull not only fere- 
 rally and refpectively forbear the Invading o; 
 fuch others Territories, and the injuring of on; 
 another, but that they Hull not Navigate, nor 
 Trade in the Ports and Staples that do belong 
 unto either, five under fuch provilions, limi¬ 
 tations and terms as are agreed upon and 
 expreffed. By neither of which are the Kir# 
 of Great Britain, or their Subjects Ihut out:, 
 debarred or excluded, from Sayling into fucli 
 Ports, Havens and places of Jmerka, and fet¬ 
 ching Plantations any where there, as either 
 are not inhabited, or where the King of Sped; 
 not in poflcflion and occupation. 
 
 But to fet this matter yet further in fuch 
 a dear and diftinct light, as that they who 
 are the molt PrepolMed and Prejudiced, may 
 fee, and be oblig'd to confcfs, that the Scot. 
 have proceeded in the whole affair of their 
 Cdkloum Settlement and Plantation, both at' 
 cording to the meafurcs of Law, Juflicc and 
 Equity, and with a full deference and refpecl 
 unto, and an entire compliance with tired- 
 tides of the publick Treaties , and particularly 
 of that of 1670 : I {hail call over the Head; 
 
 or 
 
( ill ) 
 
 of fome of rlie Articles of that Treaty, and 
 make tliof: rcflc&ions upon them, which they 
 do Naturally fugged and offer. 
 
 Whereas then it is Stipulated, agreed and 
 provided by the Second An id?, that there fhall 
 be a Firm and Vniverfd Peace in America- as 
 well as in other parts of the World, between 
 the Kings of Great Britain and Spain , and be¬ 
 tween the Kingdoms, States, Plantations, Co¬ 
 lonies, Forts, Cities and Dominions which do 
 belong to either of them, and between the 
 People and Inhabitants under their refpeftive 
 Obedience, ic doth from thence undeniably 
 appear, that as both the Kings ivere fet upon 
 an equal foot, and did treat for tlicmfelves, 
 and for the people, and Inhabitants that were 
 under their rcfbcctive Obedience, and no fur¬ 
 ther nor for any other, fo it is from thence 
 no lefs evident, that all matters and things were 
 left untouched, and undetermined, that did 
 concern and relate unto fuch places and parts 
 of America , as were either wholly void and 
 not at all Inhabited, or that were inhabited on¬ 
 ly by the Native Indians, which as that part 
 of the Ifihmasoi Darkn was, where the Sects 
 have Landed, ancl are now begun to fettle 
 fo it doth in the way of liccelfary confequence 
 from thence undeniably follow, that by the faid 
 A, tide, it remained Free and Lawful, either 
 for them, or for any other of his Eritannick 
 MajeltyL Sdjctts, fo to do, and therefore 
 that there neither is, nor can thereby any 
 Violation , or Infraction be made of the Allian¬ 
 ces, between the Crowns of Great Ei train and 
 of Spain. For in that the Right, Titles and 
 Claims, of the Kings of Great Britain and 
 Spain, 
 
Spain, are defined by and circurafcribed unto 
 fuch Regions, Territories, Plantations, Colo- 
 nies, &c. as do feverally and refpeftively, be¬ 
 long to either of them, it is thereby made im- 
 controlably Manifefi, that neither of them, 
 by that Treaty had any Rights and Claims 
 granted, and allowed unto them in reference 
 to any places in America, further than as they 
 were pofTeficd of them, and fave as thofe pla¬ 
 ces were in and under their actual occupation. 
 And confequently that by the chief purport 
 and defign, and by the whole Tenor of the 
 Treaty, it was left free for each, or either of j 
 them, to make new acqnilitions, and to elhbliih 
 new Plantations in fuch parts and places of the' 
 Weft-Indies, whether upon the Continent, or in 
 Iflands, as were inhabited by the fubjects of 
 neither of the two Kings, but were either 
 (as I have faid) wholly void, or poflefled by the 
 Native Indians. 
 
 Moreover whereas it is Covenanted, adju¬ 
 red and provided by the Eighth Article, that the 
 Objects of their BTmvuk Mujefties, (hall not 
 Sail into, nor Trade in fuch Ports, Havens, 
 &c. as do belong unto the Catholick King, 
 unief; with leave, and upon the terms which 
 are there fpecifiedit doth from thence evi¬ 
 dently and unqueftionably follow, that they are 
 left at liberty to Sail into, and Trade in fuch 
 other Ports and Places, as are not the King of 
 Spain’ s. And therefore that tire Port into 
 which the Scots Sailed, and where they arc 
 eflablilhing a Colony, being neither then, nor 
 having been at any time fince, in the pofleflion 
 of the Spaniards, they are in their having fo 
 
c m) 
 
 of any crime or mifdemeanor, or of having in 
 the lead tranfgreffcdagainftpublickandfolemn 
 Treaties. 
 
 Further whereas it is concerted, and agreed 
 by the fame Article, that the SnbjcBs of the 
 Kim of England fhould not Sail into any 
 Ports or Havens, that had Fortifications, Ma- 
 gazins, or Warehoufes polfelfed by the King 
 of it may from thence be Apodiilically 
 Inferred and Concluded, that it continued Free 
 and Lawful for them, to Sail into Pom, and 
 to Trade, where there were no Fortifications, 
 Magazins nor Warehoufes at all, and much 
 lefs any appertaining unto, or in the Poffelfion of 
 the King of Spain. Both which being unque- 
 ftionable with reference to Acla, and the 
 Creeks, Ports, Harbours and Places adjacent 
 thereunto, it may thereupon be juftly affir¬ 
 med, and folidly concluded, that neither the 
 Scots , nor any other of his Eritannick Ma jelly's 
 SttbjeBs , were by that Treaty precluded and 
 debarred from Landing, Trading and Settling 
 there, and that the Scots thro’ their having 
 fit down, and become Planters in that place, 
 are altogether innocent of the Infraction of any 
 fuch Alliances. 
 
 Moreover, whereas it is agreed and provi¬ 
 ded by the tenth Article , that in cafe the Ships 
 that do belong to either of thofe Kings, or 
 to the Snbjetts of either of them, fhall by ftrels 
 of Weather, or otherwife be forced into the 
 Rivers, Creeks, Bays, or Ports belonging to 
 the other in America , that thereupon they fhall 
 be received kindly, harbour Rifely, and be trea¬ 
 ted with all Humanity and Fricndfliip 3 it may 
 from thence be inferred and deduced, that as 
 
( * 5 8 ) 
 
 both the Kings are thereby Rated upon an e- 
 qual bottom and foot, and the rights of both, 
 and of eacli of them refpeftively are reftri- 
 cled and determined to particular Rivers, 
 Creeks, Bays, &c. fo it is alfo thereby mutu¬ 
 ally confefled and acknowledged, that there are 
 other and of all thofe feveral Kinds , in which 
 neither of them have any Property, Intereft 
 or Concernment,and that it might be free for 
 the Ships of either of them to Sail into fuch, and 
 there to Anchor, and to furnifh themfelves 
 with what they wanted, and the places affor¬ 
 ded, and to continue there during their own 
 Pleafure, and to do in fuch places, whatfoever 
 they fhould judge to be for their Advantage 
 and Intereft, without incurring the imputation 
 of being accounted injurious to one another, 
 or of becoming liable to a charge and com¬ 
 plaint againft them, of having Violated Mi¬ 
 mes, And by confeqnence, that the Port 
 
 Ada being fuch, the Scots might Sail thither, 
 land and'fettle there, without either asking 
 leave of the Spaniards, or of becoming there¬ 
 upon cenfurable by them, of having therein 
 done any thing, that is either againft the Laws 
 of Nations, or an Infraction of Alliances and 
 Treaties between the Crowns of Great Britain 
 and Spain. 
 
 Again whereas it is Concerted and Stipula¬ 
 ted in the Fifteenth Article , that Nothing 
 in the faid Treaty lhall derogate from any 
 frehemimnee Right and Dominion of any of 
 the Confederates in th sc American Seas , Channels 
 or Waters, but that they lhall have and re¬ 
 tain the fame in as full and ample manner, 
 as may of right belong to them, with and 
 under 
 
( *59 ) 
 
 under the provifion, that Navigation (hall not 
 be difturb’d; I delire in reference to that Ar¬ 
 ticle that it may be obferv’d, how tho’ the 
 Crown of Spain having made a claim of Privi¬ 
 lege, Pre-eminence and jurifdiciion in and o- 
 ver the Amcrican-Soas, which was no ways 
 granted and yielded unto them by the Qown 
 of England, bat the right in and over thole 
 Seas left in the fame (late that it was before - 7 
 yet neither in that Article, nor in any other 
 of the faid 'treaty, is there any claim of Ju- 
 rifdiction, Sovereignty or Dominion, made by 
 the Spaniards , either over fuch parts of the 
 Continent or of Illands, whereof neither they 
 themfeives were poflefs’d, nor a right of Pro¬ 
 perty and Dominion in and over them, had 
 been claimed by and granted to the Englijh, 
 of which omiffion of the Spaniards, there can 
 be no other reafon aflign’d, but that they knew 
 
 no claim of that Nature would have been al¬ 
 low’d them •, and tint the very mentioning of 
 it, would have occalion’d a formal, explicite, 
 and Populated Redu&ion and Reftriction of 
 the pretenfions of Title and Right in America, 
 to the bounds and limits of what is actually 
 occupy’d by them, which they were not willing 
 to have decided and determin’d by an exprefs 
 Contraft and Stipulation to the making and 
 rectifying whereof there w T as their own con¬ 
 currence and confent. Tho’ in Fact no Na¬ 
 tion will grant them a right of Property and 
 Jurifdiftion in and over more, nor have any 
 European Princes whatfoever hitherto done it. 1 
 do the rather make this obfervation, in that a 
 Claim of Jurifdiftion and Sovereignty over Seas 
 and Oceans, is more liable to exceptions, than 
 
(i6o) 
 
 a claim of Dominion over Lands, either upon 
 Continents or Iflands, in that it is univerfally 
 granted, that Princes are capable of having 
 their feveral juft, fupveme and divided Proper¬ 
 ties in and over Lands, and withal as generally 
 deny’d, that any Potentate whatfoever can right¬ 
 fully claim a foie Property in and Jurifdiction 
 over Seas, preclufive of the Rights of other Prin¬ 
 ces to Sail and Navigate upon them. 
 
 Finally, there may be this one thing yet ad¬ 
 ded, as an indifputable evidence, and a full 
 confirmation, that there was no right of Pro¬ 
 perty and Jurifdiftion in and over any Lands, 
 Territories or Diftricts, in America , gramh 
 in the Treaties zither of 1667, or of 1670, by 
 the King of Great Britain unto the Crown of 
 Spain, fave fo far as the Spaniards were in 
 actual Pojfijfwn , in that the FngHJh have lince 
 thofe Trendies lit down upon that part of A- 
 merica which is come to be call’d Tenfilvw,t, 
 and have there eftablilh’d large and flouri/hing 
 Colonies, and that vyithout the Spaniards ha¬ 
 ving once ofier’d to complain of it as a violation 
 of Treaties and Alliances between the two 
 Crowns. 
 
 Having fully vindicated the Scots Settlement 
 at Darien , fi 0111 the being either againlt the 
 Laws of Nations, or in oppolition to public. 1 : 
 Treaties and Alliances , and having withal jufti- 
 fy’d them both as to the FaB, and with refpect 
 to the Steps and Methods, in which they; 
 begun and have promoted it, I know but of 
 one thing, beiides what hath been already con- 
 lidcr’d, that can be reafonably alledg’d, againlt 
 either the Juftice or the Equity of it. Name¬ 
 ly that, the Spaniards have not only been efteem’d 
 
(161) 
 
 the Proprietors of that Iflhmw by divers FjK 
 ropcati Nations. that Tey have been de¬ 
 clar’d, as w, :._3 accounted, fo by the Englifh 
 in two remarkable Inftances. Whc.eof the 
 Firft is, That fever?! Png uni Merchants,_ha¬ 
 ving agree- 1 •. ; .ud provided a Fund of fet¬ 
 tling a Pi. at Port-Royal'm the Bay of 
 
 Afcsdio, in order to the cutting of Logwood, 
 were refus’d the fupport and protection of 
 the Government for carrying it on, and only 
 permitted to manage a Trade there at their 
 own hazard a id peril. And as for the Second, 
 which comes dolor to the OaMici which, we 
 have been debating, It is laid tat certain 
 Englijh-mcH having undertaken to fettle in Da- 
 jW7, and brought the propofal of it before the , 
 Council of Trade of EnoLnd, by whom it was 
 laid before the Lotds Inf ices in His Majelly’s 
 abfence, and by them tranfmitted to the King 
 Himfdf how tint after a mature considera¬ 
 tion, it was judg’d and pronounc’d to be a 
 Defign and Project, that would be an encroach¬ 
 ment upon So. T-v, and therefore let fall and a- 
 bandon’d. And that the cafe of the Scots be¬ 
 ing parallel to that it ought to meet with the 
 like cenfare, and be judgd inuafive upon the 
 Rights of th c Spaniards. 
 
 All which tho’ it hath been fuffidently both 
 obviated and anfwer’d in what hath been al¬ 
 ready faid, yet in companion as well as in 
 Condefcenlion to the Infirmities and Weakaef- 
 fes of the greateft part of Mankind, who buf¬ 
 fer themfelves to be impos’d upon and milled 
 in their, Opinions and judgments, of Actions 
 and Matters of all kinds, by trifling Reafons 
 and Coufideratious of vet y little moment, 
 M efpe- 
 
() 
 
 efpecially when their llnderfhmdings have re¬ 
 ceiv’d a wrong byafs, and are previoufly too 
 much over-rul’d by prepofleflions and prejudi¬ 
 ces arifing from National Pique, or particular 
 Envy; I ihall offer feveral things in way of 
 Reply to what is allcdg’d, and beftow feveral 
 Reflections upon it. Whereof fome of them 
 Ihall be more general refpefting both the 
 cafes , and the reft particular relative unto each 
 of them fingly and apart. And tho’ I Ihall 
 behave my felf in the whole with that Mode- 
 fly and Deference towards His' Majefty and 
 them that have either had the univerfal Ad- 
 miniftration, or any part of it, as not to give 
 the leaft oecalion for cenfnre or blame \ yeti 
 hope I may expect: to be fo far both indulg’d and 
 juftify’d in the Vindication of the legal and 
 righteous Fatt of a whole Kindom, as not 
 from too much Pufilanimity on the one hand, 
 or Sycophancy on the other, to fuffer that Na¬ 
 tion to lie under caufilcfs fufpicion of Inju- 
 fticc. 
 
 In the way therefore of a general Reply , I 
 defire it may be obferv’d, that as the fenti- 
 . meats and opinions of no Body of Men wliat- 
 foever, and much lefs of a few Individuals, 
 are the Meafures and Standards of Moral' 
 Right and Wrong, but that the Laws of Na¬ 
 ture and Nations are; fo the Acts and Pro¬ 
 ceedings of the People of Great Britain are not 
 to be finally decided and determin’d, with re- 
 fpeff to .their legality, or their illegality, and 
 their being judg’d lawful or unlawful, before 
 Civil Tribunals, and at Humane Benthes, fare 
 by the acknowledg’d Laws of Nations and 
 the refpeifive Municipal Laws of the King¬ 
 doms. 
 
doras. For tho’ the proje&ing or the afting 
 difagreably to the Opinion of this or that 
 Board, may in fome cafes prejudice the Un¬ 
 dertakers and Doers; yet that (lugly, precife- 
 ly, and abftraftedly, doth neither render the 
 Defign nor the Execution of it, at all times, 
 unwife, and much lefs at any time unlawful and 
 unjuft. 
 
 Nor is it moreover unworthy the being ta¬ 
 ken notice of, That there is a great difference 
 to be made between the difcouraging a Pro¬ 
 jection, while it is only in propo'fal and in 
 Embryo, and the condemning and refunding it, 
 after it hath been put in Execution. Seeing 
 by the firft the Undertakers are only advis’d 
 and caution’d, whereas by the la(t, they are 
 not only difoblig’d and difguffed, but really 
 prejudic’d and injur’d. 
 
 Further, There is likewife a great diferi- 
 mination to be made between what is advife- 
 able at one feafon, and what is juftifiable ,as 
 well as prudential at another. For the exi¬ 
 gencies which at one time we may be under, 
 of having the favour and alfiftance of a neigh¬ 
 bouring Nation, may render it impolitick to 
 countenance that, which at another time, when 
 we Hand refeu’d from attendance to any other 
 Meafures, fave thofe of Law, Julticc and T ruth, 
 it were both to abandon and facrifice our In- 
 tereft to neglect it. 
 
 Further, The inhibiting of the Subjects of 
 England, from proceeding in the foremention’d 
 Deligas, may have been founded upon fuch 
 Motives and Reafons, as do no ways affect 
 that, which the Scots have undertaken. Nor 
 can the cafes therefore be render’d parallel, 
 M 3 unkfs 
 
( i6 4 ) 
 
 unlefs the circumftances could be made appear 
 to be equal: So that the Kingdom of Scot- 
 being altogether ignorant of the Induce¬ 
 ments upon which the Refolutions were ta¬ 
 ken in the cafes of thofe Englifh-men, it is not 
 to be expected, that their " Cafes Ihould have 
 been look'd upon by the Scots as prefidents 
 for their condud, or that they Ihould have go¬ 
 vern’d themfclves by any rules, fave thofe of 
 their own Interelt and Profit, in fubordination 
 to the Laws of Nations, public Alliances, and 
 the Municipal Statutes of that Kingdom. 
 
 Moreover, there is a great difference to be 
 made between checking the Inclinations of a 
 few private Men, who poflibly might be rather 
 defigning their own perfonal advantage, than 
 a National goody and the eroding the unani¬ 
 mous Delires of a whole Kingdom, who as they 
 knew the thing to be lawful in which they were 
 engag’d, fo they did believe, that the purfuing 
 it was indifpenfablv needful, in order to their 
 Welfare and Profpcrity. 
 
 Finally, whatfoever Authority His Majcjly 
 ftands veiled with, or whatfoever liberty his 
 Mlnifiers are allow’d to have in reference to 
 affairs previoufly to Ms of Parliament con¬ 
 cerning them, or in relation to Matters -that 
 do not directly fall under the Regulation of 
 Laws and Statutes y yet they do become not 
 only uncontrolable by idem, but even are not 
 to be fuperteded by His Majcfly, after that 
 they are once eftablifli’d by Law's, and con¬ 
 firm’d by Charters. For fuch things as are once 
 made lawful by Acls of Parliament, are put 
 out of the reach both of the King and of his 
 Council, as to their confidering afterwards whe- 
 
( i<55 ) 
 
 tiier they he convenient. But having upon ano- 
 toer occafion mention'd this before, I will not 
 here infill upon it again. 
 
 And as for the particular Rcftettions, which I 
 intend to make upon each of the Cafes apart, 
 
 I lhall difpatch them with what expedition I 
 can, and in the order that the Cafes are laid 
 down. In reference therefore to the fi-ft, 
 which was the Council of England's d.ifcoura- 
 ging fuch Enghfti Merchant, as had defign’d to 
 
 have fettled at hn-Koyl in the bottom of 
 
 the Bay of Campcachy y I do lay that there is 
 no likenefs, alliance or affinity, between what 
 was intended to have been clone by fomc T.nj- 
 lijh there , and what is done by the Scots in the 
 Ifthmns of Darien. In that the Bay of Ctnpea- 
 chy, lying in the Province of Nicaragua, within 
 the Diocefs of Stiapa ; which '"Dominion 
 and Bilhoprick, being part of the ancient Em¬ 
 pire of Mexico , which the Spaniards conquer’d 
 after their uliial way of Killing the Inhabitants, 
 and converting the Land to their own ufe, and 
 unto which they have been confefs’d to have 
 a right by Prefeription, can be no parallel unto, 
 nor bear any limilitr.de w ith that of the Ifth- 
 rans of Darien , where the Scots have eftabliih’d 
 their Colony of Calidonia ■, feeing as the Ifthmns 
 was never any pare either of the Mexi¬ 
 can or the Peruvian Empires ■, fo that particu¬ 
 lar Diftrict of the Ifthmns , where the Scots have 
 begun to fettle a Plantation , was never fnbd-ad 
 by the Spaniards , nor did the Natives at any 
 time acknowldege their having Jurifdi&ion o- 
 ver them. So that tho’ for the Englift to 
 have fettled in the Bay of Mexico , might be ac¬ 
 counted an Tmonchmem upon the Right of the 
 
( 1 66) 
 
 Spaniards, yet It can ho ways from thence follow, 
 that for the Scots to fettle at Ada, which had 
 never been fubdu’d or pollefs’d by the Spaniards, 
 is to be held an Invafion upon any of the Terri- 
 tories, or an Encroachment upon the Rights of 
 the Span ip Crown. 
 
 Moreover, for the Council of England to have 
 given pcnmfjio;, to the Englilh Subjects to Sail 
 unto, and to Ray and cut Logwood in the Bay 
 of Campeachy, without the leave and confent 
 of the Spaniards, was a greater encroachment 
 upon the Sights of His Catholick Majefiy , than 
 it would be to have the Scots authorized and 
 juftified in their erecting a Colony on that part of 
 sh elfthmu where they landed and are fit down. 
 Seeing it is contrary to all the Meafures both 
 of Juftice and Amity, for a Government to 
 connive at an Invafion upon the Dominions 
 of a Prince, in whom a Title, jurifdiction and 
 Property are allow’d to Hand veiled in and o- 
 ver chofe Territories; whereas it interferes with 
 no rules of Law, Equity or Friendlhip, fora 
 Government to authorize and empower its 
 Subjects to plant in a place where that Prince 
 was never acknowledg’d (nor jultly could be) 
 to have a Sovereignty or Right. 
 
 Further, whatfoever the opinion of the Court 
 and Council of England may have been as to 
 the Spaniards having filch a Right to the Bay 
 of Campeachy , as doth debar and preclude all 
 others from coming thither, without obtaining 
 of leave from the Spaniards •, yet there are o- 
 ther Courts in the World, who have thought 
 that it was free for them to fettle in, that Bay, 
 without a Grant and Concellion from "the Crown 
 of Spain, whereof there needed no other in- 
 ftances 
 
( i$7 ) 
 
 fences to he afligned, but that of the French, 
 who have feveral times been endeavouring to 
 iiave fettled on the River de Spiritu Santto in 
 that Bey , and who are at this time defigning 
 to efeblilh a Colony on the River Mifcbafipc upon 
 the Mexican Gnlpb. 
 
 Finally whatfoever the Council of England, 
 might have faid to thofc Englifb Merchants, 
 for difeouraging their fettling at Port Royal 
 in the Bay of Mexico ; yet it is unquefliomi- 
 bly certain, that the project of the Engli\h 
 for fettling and cutting Logwood there, ob¬ 
 tained and took effect, in that they have had 
 for feveral years, Logwood in that place ap¬ 
 propriated unto them, which they have cut 
 and brought home for the accommodating of" 
 Englifh Dyers. 
 
 And as to the Second Cafe, concerning the 
 Prohibition of thofe Englijh Merchants and 
 Traders, to fettle in Damn, whofe Propofals 
 for the efeblifning a Plantation in that part 
 of America , had been laid before the King, 
 as well as the Lords Jufikcs, I lhall in the firf 
 place declare, that the circumftances of that 
 being wholly unknown to me, I lhall not afiiune 
 the Confidence, to pronounce any thing pofi- 
 tively in reference to the particular grounds 
 and rcafons, of the Opinion and Judgment 
 of his Majefty, the Lords Juftices, and the 
 Council about it, only it may not only be 
 conjectured, but affirmed with Confidence, that 
 the forbidding all proceedings in that enter- 
 prize, was upon Motives of State, rather than 
 of Juftice, and that it was done becaufe of 
 the Inconveniencies-, which at that Junfture 
 might have eiifued 3 and not by rcafon of the 
 M 4 ille* 
 
(.< 8 ) 
 
 illegality of it. For as the Tropofd was made 
 r,L a time, when we were in Confederacy with 
 the Crown of Spain, for the carrying on a 
 War aga'mlt a Great and Powerful Monarch, 
 and as'the SfaniCo Dominions were the chief 
 feats of the War, and the Ports and Havens 
 of Spain abfohue'y needful, as well as cx- 
 treamiy ufefid, Tr the management of our 
 Commerce in the lAiiiicram.m and Levant, fo 
 the preferring of Spain firmly in the Alliance, 
 was upon many other accounts, (which Ilhall 
 not enunw’-itG indiff.enfhbly neccllary, both 
 for the upholding of the War, and in order 
 to the fucccfs of it, in favour of the Allies 
 in general, and pm liuilarly of Great Britain. 
 So that upon whatfoeverpolitical Inducements, 
 that propolal was difcountenanced, and re¬ 
 jected, yet I may venture to affirm, that it 
 was not upon the foot and motive oftheS/w- 
 niardi having a right ? vi property in, and 
 a Soverafmty and Juri r action over, the whole 
 Jfthms of Darien. 
 
 For as that '-muld have been an afting in 
 direct oppoiiuon, to the general Foundation 
 and Principle, which both the Englijh and all 
 European Nations proceed upon, in their elha- 
 biifhing of Colonies in the .Vcft-Indies, and in 
 juftification of the rightful and legal Domi¬ 
 nion, that they have over the Lands,Territories, 
 Provinces, lllands, which they, have acquired 
 there .-Namely that no ones right in that part 
 of the World, doth extend beyond poflelfion 
 and occupation; ib it were to have debarred 
 and (hut cut, cue Enfijh as well as all other 
 Europeans, not only from erecting new Colonies 
 in thole places of America , where the Spam- 
 
( 1 * 9 ) 
 
 a,-is are in the polfeffion, and have the Domi.' 
 nion i but from fettling any New Plantations 
 in fiich parts of the Weft-Indies , where the Na¬ 
 tives are the foie Sovereigns and Occupiers. 
 Which is a thing both fo abfurd in it felf, 
 and fo dire&ly oppofite to the Intereft, Prof- 
 perity and Honour of England , that it were 
 to entertain an opinion inconfiftent with 
 good Manners, fo much as once to imagine, 
 that either the King, the Lords Juftices, or 
 any Englift Minifters of State, fhould be fo 
 weak and imprudent, and fo neglectful of the 
 Welfare and Glory of Great Britain , as ei¬ 
 ther to fall into fuch a pernicious meafure 
 of themfelves, or to be dup'd into it by o- 
 thers. 
 
 Moreover to have been influenced to reject 
 the forefaid Propofal, upon the reafons and 
 motives of the Spaniards, having an llniver- 
 fal and a Sole Right in the Ifthnms, would have 
 been to have acted in the higheft way of In- 
 juftice to the Natives, thro’ the ejecting them 
 out of their Property and Jnrifdidtion in and 
 over thofe Lands and Territories, whereof they 
 are both the legal and rightful owners, and 
 the alone occupiers and polfelTors, to a 
 great extent of ground upon that Straight, and 
 thro’ the vetting the Property and Dominion 
 in the Spaniards, who have no Title or Claim 
 to a great part of thofe Territories, either 
 by conquett or the confent of the Indians. 
 Nor can any thing more difgraceful and un¬ 
 righteous, as well as undecent and unman¬ 
 nerly be conceived of hisMajefty, and of thofe 
 that are in the Adminiftration, than that they 
 fliould act upon an Inducement, that would 
 import 
 
( 17 ® ) 
 
 import a robbing of the rightful Proprietosv 
 of tlicii' Inheritances, and a depofing of here¬ 
 ditary and legal Governours, from their Lord- 
 /hips andjurifdidions, to placej and fettle them 
 in others to whom they do no ways apper¬ 
 tain- 
 
 Finally, fcoukl .we fuppofe his Mijefiy, and 
 the Lords J/iJKces to have Prohibited the fore- 
 Paid Engllfi Merchants and Traders to fettle 
 upon the Jfihmtts of Darien, becaufe it would 
 have been an encroachment upon the rights of 
 the King of Spun ■, we mull be obliged to add, 
 chat they therein acted incongruoufly to the 
 meafures of other Princes and. civil Miniflers, 
 who have been both encouraging and endea¬ 
 vouring the Planting of Colonies upon or 
 near to that Ifihms, with the confent of the 
 Natives, without the leaft refped had to the 
 Claim and Title of his Catholick Majelty, 
 whereof having given ail inflancebefore, I M) 
 not here repeat it. 
 
 So that having reprefented and finilhed,what- 
 foever I account needful to be faid for Jufti- 
 fying the Scots Settling a Colony at Darien to be 
 according to the Law's of Nations, and agreea¬ 
 ble to all the meafures of Juftice and Fr iencl- 
 fliip, and not to be an Ufurpation upon the 
 right of the King of Spain nor to interfer 
 with any Alliances between his Eritannick Ma- 
 jefties, and the Catholick King and having vin- 
 vicated that Fad of theirs, from all the excep¬ 
 tions which are made either againft the lawful- 
 nels, or the friendlinefs of it ■, It will now be 
 a piece of prudence, as well as of decency to 
 befpeak the favour and affiance of the Parlia¬ 
 ment and People of England, for their being fup- 
 
( Vfl ) 
 
 ported and protected in that undertaking. Nor 
 ihall I fo much endeavour to perfwade and influ¬ 
 ence them thereunto upon the Motives of genera¬ 
 lity and Kindnefs, as upon the Inducements 
 that they will find the doing it, to be greatly 
 for the advantage of the Crown and Subjects of 
 England. For as much might be expected to be. 
 done in behalf of the Scots by that powerful and 
 opulent Nation, upon the reafon of their being 
 not only Neighbours to one another upon the 
 fame Ifland, and under the Sovereignty and Go¬ 
 vernment of one and the fame Monarch; but 
 becaufe of the many Offices of Councel and 
 Aid, which they have fince the Union of the 
 two Crowns, mutually render’d to one another \ 
 and that the Kingdom of Scotland in particular, 
 hath efpoufed the concerns of England, in a way 
 of Singular Amity and with extraordinary fi¬ 
 delity and zeal, whenfoever they have feen them 
 involved under difficulties and dangers; fo that 
 which is now defired from the Engtifh towards 
 the Scots is not near what the Anceftors of the 
 former have render’d unto thofe of the latter 
 heretofore, in that befides their having had the 
 Comities of No::i:;:mberland , Cumberland (, and IVeJl- 
 morland feveral times granted and confirmed un¬ 
 to them, to be held in Fee of the Crown of Eng¬ 
 land, in recompcnce for the Services and alfi- 
 ftances which they had yielded unto the Enr- 
 Hjh, in their diftrefles: We are allured by an 
 Engliffi Writer, that it was provided for in 
 a courfe of Law under the Reign of Edward 
 the Confejfoty that the Scots ffiould be held Deni- 
 z.ons of England and enjoy the fame privileges 
 with themfelves, becaufe of the Aid which they 
 uad render’d to that Kingdom again# the 
 Danes 
 
(170 
 
 Danes and Norwegians. But I (hall chufe to 
 wave the laying the recoheftion and confidera- 
 tion of all or of any of thefe before them, which 
 touch upon the head of gratitude, and lhal! 
 think it more advifable to addrefs them by other 
 Topicks, namely by thofe that (hall refer to the 
 Benefits of Strength, Riches, and Honour, which 
 will thereby accrue, and redound unto the King¬ 
 dom of England. 
 
 For how mighty and wealthy foever, the Na¬ 
 tion mull in truth Rand acknowledged to be, 
 yet it inuft alfo be confefs’d, that under the 
 great variety and plenty of Natural and Arti¬ 
 ficial productions, which their own Country 
 and the Dominions thereunto belonging do 
 afford, they have not the advantage of being 
 thrnilh’d with Gold and Silver Mims , which yield 
 the Metal and Bullion that make the Funds of 
 Trade, raife the Bulworks of fefety, adniini- 
 iter the Supplies of plenty and pleafure in peace, 
 and enableth to mutter Armies, and equip 
 Fleets in times of War. And tho’ it is not to 
 be denyed, but that by means of their Manu¬ 
 factures, and by reafon of their Induftry and 
 their application unto, and skill in the manage¬ 
 ment of a large and univerfal Commerce, they 
 have a great Share of the Treafures of the Spa- 
 xijb Well-Indies flowing annually unto themj 
 yet it is with great hazard, at much expence, 
 and after having been long out of their princi¬ 
 pal, that they become pofleft of it in thofe me¬ 
 thods. And it is alfo demonftrable, that a much 
 greater proportion of Gold and Silver will both 
 come into private, Banks, and into the pub¬ 
 lic Exchequer of England, by the Scots having 
 fuch Mines within the bounds of their Colony 
 
( m) 
 
 i 6 f Durim, to hitherto hath, or ever can, in 
 
 j the ways of nicer Commerce with tie Spaniards. 
 
 \ Nor ought it here to be omitted, that the 
 'Mines in the occupation of the Spaniards in that 
 part of Daien, which lie neared, to the plan¬ 
 tation of Caledonia, and in which they work at 
 prefent, do fo abound in the very Oarc of Gold, 
 that every Negro whom they employ, is bound 
 to gain daily to his Matter, as much as doth a- S£eZI ,;^ 
 mount after it is refined to thirty Levis d'ors: bonus's 
 whereas fuch a3 are employed in the Englijh Hilhric.il 
 American Sugar Plantations , which are reckoned enoumof 
 to be the moil profitable of any they have, 
 do not after all the expence upon them in their ^ es p. ^ 
 food, cloaths, and other accommodations,earn a- mi i3, 
 bove one hundred found Sterling gain a head per ■ 
 annum to their Mailer, which is not near fo much 
 in a whole year, as the other bringcr.h in per 
 week. 
 
 And as the Goods and Commodities fent out 
 of England to Spain , which bring them returns 
 in Gold and Silver , will be tranfmitted imme¬ 
 diately to Darien with more fpeed, and at 
 lefs expence, as well as hazard, than they go 
 now to the Spanijh Colonies in America , by 
 making the Tower of Cadiz ,, Malaga and 
 Sevil j and the profit thereupon be much the 
 greater to the Englijh Merchants; fo a good 
 part of the Treafure which cometh dire&ly 
 into Scotland , upon the alone and Angle ac¬ 
 count of the Caledonian Company, will in di¬ 
 vers ways fo circulate, as to come at laft to cen¬ 
 ter in England. Seeing bclides what mult ne- 
 celfarily flow in thither in payments, both for 
 what of their own productions, and what of 
 Foreign goods that have been firft imported 
 
( *74 ) 
 
 to England, will be called for and purchafed 
 by the Scots, it is not to be imagined how 
 much will come to be brought in, and fpent 
 there in ways of Diverlion and Pleafures by 
 all forts of people of Scotland, and efpecially 
 by the Nobility and Gentry. 
 
 For as it is too well Known, that the ge¬ 
 nerality of the Scots, whofe circumftances do 
 qualify them for and allow it, have much in 
 them of the humour and even Vanity of Tra- 
 veiling, and are inclinable enough to fpend in. 
 proportion to the quanity of their Calh-, fo 
 thro’ London’s being the Metropolitical Seat of 
 the Government, and the place where the 
 King has his refidence, the Court is kept, 
 and all grand Affairs of State, as well as ma¬ 
 ny of the moll: important concerns of parti¬ 
 cular men are tranfafted, they will be certain 
 to come thither in far greater Numbers than 
 they now do ; fome out of Courtfhip, and o- 
 thers in complyance with the exigency of 
 their affairs, and all of them maintain a Port, 
 and live at a Charge anfwerable to the weight 
 and depth of their pockets. Which will not 
 only be of great profit and advantage to the 
 Northern roads, thro’ which they mult go and 
 return, and of divers other parts of the King¬ 
 dom to which their Pleafure, Health or Cu- 
 rioiity may tempt them, but efpecially it will 
 be of great advantage to London , feeing belides 
 what they will fpend during their Refidence, 
 and in the making a figure, while they are 
 there, they will alio furnilh thernfelves in that 
 Metropolis with fuch accoutrements of State, 
 and provifions of bonjhold furniture, as they 
 ihall efteein to be needful either for their gran¬ 
 deur. 
 
( i?5) 
 
 denr, or their conveniency when they go 
 home. 
 
 Moreover it is not to be queftioned, but 
 that the Engliff, upon very eafy and Honoura¬ 
 ble terms and conditions, may be admitted in¬ 
 to a Partnership in the Plantation, and into a 
 ihare of Trade with the Scots. Which as it 
 will draw a confiderable part of all that is 
 either Bug out of Mines, or that is otherwife 
 produced within the Diltrift of that Colony, as 
 well as of whatfoever lhall accrue to the Com¬ 
 pany, by a Traffick drove at Darien , directly 
 and immediately into England ■, fo it will both 
 greatly enlarge the Trade and Commerce of 
 England , and mightily encreafe their Wealth. 
 For as the Scots were fo neighbourly and 
 kind upon the enacting of the Lair, for the 
 eftablilhment of a Company, for Trading to 
 Africa and the Indies, as to make the firft 
 Offer to the Englifii of Joining in the Subfcrip- 
 tions to a Stock and Fund, fo as to become 
 Partners with them in any Plantation they 
 lhould fettle, and in whatfoever they fhouid 
 acquire •, fo it may -not only be hoped, but 
 confidently affirmed, that they will not now 
 be oppolite, nor averfc, to the receiving them 
 upon fuch terms, as may be fafe and credita¬ 
 ble to both Kingdoms. Nor can the Parliament of 
 England, in their approachingSeflion,fall upon any 
 matter, that will be of more National con¬ 
 cernment, or from which more benefit will 
 arife to the Government and people of Eng¬ 
 land, than to conlider and advife, how the 
 Kingdoms may become fo Incorporated with re- 
 fpeft to that Colony, as that upon a congrefs 
 between Commiflioners, authorized refpe&ivc- 
 
(i 7 6) 
 
 ly by both Nations to treat and agree about 
 it, the terms upon which the Englijh (hall be 
 admitted iharcrs in it, as well as the degree 
 meafureand proportion of Intereft in it, which 
 they (hall be received into, may be Adjuftcd, 
 Defined and Stipulated. 
 
 Further it is not unworthy to beobfewed 
 that the F-encb ,'as well as the Dutch , being 
 grown mighty in Naval Fower, and both of 
 them, but efpecially the Utter , the Rivals or 
 England, not only in Traffick and Commerce, 
 but with refpeft to the preferibing unto 
 others, vvhat Jhall be the terms of Navigating 
 the Seas, and what Ceremonies of refped, 
 Ships of War, as well as of Trade, lhall pay 
 to one another wherefoever they come to en¬ 
 counter in Sailing; how that thereupon it is 
 become the true Intcrefi of England, to have 
 Scotland advanced into fuch a Rate and condi¬ 
 tion, as that it may be able to provide, 
 Equip and Maintain, good Squadrons of Men 
 of War. Which as it cannot be done with¬ 
 out their attainment unto a confiderable Fo¬ 
 reign Trade; fo they may be enabled fpcedi- 
 ly to efFeft it, by means of their Colony at 
 Darien, provided they befupported in it. And 
 as Scotland, upon their being in a condition to 
 fend out a Warlike Fleet of their own, will 
 in cafe of a War againft Great Britain, fare 
 England the trouble and charge of maintain¬ 
 ing Men of War on the Coa(l of Scotland , for 
 covering that Nation from Invalion, as it hath 
 feveral times both lately, and more Ancient¬ 
 ly been forced Lo do; fo it may with confi¬ 
 dence be affirmed, that neither trance nor Hol¬ 
 land m\\ be very forward to quarrel wirhAvyW, 
 
( 177 ) 
 
 when bcflde their own great Naval Power, 
 they will have a coniiderable Marine Strength 
 from Scotland , ready at all times to joynand 
 1 aflilt them. And Ihould it fo fall out, that a 
 [ War is not with Honour and Safety to be a- 
 voided between Great Britain and either of 
 thofe Nations, which is fo far from being im- 
 poflible, that it lies within a probable view, 
 
 ■ Scotland thro’ having a potent Naval Power of 
 its own, will upon a conjunction in that cafe 
 of its Strength with England , give the King of 
 Great Britain fuch a Superiority over his Ene¬ 
 mies in Number and Force of Ships, as may- 
 in the ordinary courfe of Providence, render 
 him unqueftionably victorious, which will re¬ 
 dound chiefly to the Profit and Glory of Eng¬ 
 land. 
 
 Nor will they only in fuch cafe be in a con¬ 
 dition both to protect their own Trade, and 
 to aflift the Englifli with a Squadron of Stout 
 Men of War towards the encreafing of the 
 Royal Navy; but they will by reafon of the 
 Situation of their Conntty, and the conveni- 
 ency of their Ports, be able to cover and de¬ 
 fend the trading Ships of England to¬ 
 wards the Eafi, and to fecure their Naviga¬ 
 tion to Hamburgh, Swede land , Lcnmarl i, Yoland y 
 Mufcow , Greenland , &c. which is very needful 
 to be kept fafe, becuufe of the Pitch, Tarr, 
 Canvafs, Timber, as well as of divers other 
 Commodities, _which are brought from thofe 
 Parts, whereof feveral, if not moll of them, 
 are indifpenfibly ncccllary for the building, re¬ 
 pairing, and equipping of Ships of all iorts, 
 and cannot be fo well had in other places. 
 
 N 
 
 Further 
 
( > 
 
 Fuithcr, The more Rich and Opulent that dr 
 Scots do grow, which they will fpeedily do, 
 by the Gold and Silver which will be dug out. 
 of the Mines of Darien, and by the Profits 
 that will accrue from fuch other Productions, 
 us that Territory where they arc fo planted 
 doth afford, they will thereby be in the better 
 State and Condition for granting larger fnp. 
 plies to the Crown, than they hitherto could; 
 and thereupon adminifrer ground, ^as well as 
 occaiion, for greatly Idlcning and moderating 
 the Charge, which England, even in times of 
 Peac e, but cfpecially of War, hath heretofore 
 been neccffitated unto. 
 
 And whereas the Scots have been at all times 
 able, and thereof given abundant proof (lu¬ 
 ring the late War, to railc and muftcr great 
 Numbers of as brave and wcil-difcipliifd For¬ 
 ces, as any Nation of the World can afford; 
 yet by rcafon of their Penury, which is a co\:- 
 fequence and effect of their want of Foreign 
 Trade, and of Colonics in thole parts of the 
 Earth, front which the great Wealth doth arife 
 ancl flow into European Countries, which, their 
 Plantation at Darien will toon cure, remedy 
 and relieve them againff, they could not grant 
 Taxes, nor advance Money that would have 
 been fhiiicient for the Maintaining and Paying 
 of their Troops , but there was a ncceflity o: 
 putting them upon the Eng'ijh Efhblilhmem, 
 which was in part an occaiion, both of thole 
 cxceflive impolitions of all kinds, which Eng¬ 
 land became indilpcnlibly oblig’d to fall into 
 the projection and enacting of; and of thof: 
 incredible Debts which it hath contracted, doth 
 lye under, and cannot fpeedily redeem it i'cii 
 
( r 79 ) 
 
 from. For feeing the Kingdom of England, 
 how plentifully foever it be furnilh’d with"Men, 
 and able to bring into the Field very numerous, 
 as well as admirable Forces, could not have 
 rais’d within it felf that vaft proportion of 
 Military Troops, which were thought needful 
 to be kept on foot during the late War, which 
 made it to receive and maintain fo many thou- 
 fand of Scots Forces; will it not therefore be 
 of great advantage upon any Strefs or Exi¬ 
 gency of the like Nature hereafter, to have 
 the fame or a greater proportion of Scots 
 Forces to join them, and to come in to their 
 alfiftancc, without EngLnd’s becoming oblig’d 
 either to- fubfift or to pay them? and inftead 
 of having them upon Loan, and at a great ex- ■ 
 pence of Ei/gjijh Treafure, to obtain them as 
 a Quota, which their Neighbours and Friends 
 will not only at all times be ready to grant 
 and advance, but to maintain at their own 
 charges. And as it may be affirm’d under all 
 the moral certainty imaginable, that the Scots 
 thro’ their being upheld and defended in their 
 Citlidomf.fi Colony , will, in a few years, be ren¬ 
 der’d able, and will be found ready and for¬ 
 ward to come iuLO thole Meafiires of Con¬ 
 junction and Union of Forces with England, in 
 all fuch Foreign Wars wherein they Hull at 
 any time embark; fo it may from thence be 
 inferr’d, that ids the true Iiiterdt of the/V- 
 limcnt and People of Fngl.vtd, to have the Scots 
 not only preferred and protected in the en¬ 
 joyment of their Plantation in Darien, but to 
 give them all the countenance and aid which 
 they can, againlt fuch, whofoever they be, 
 N r that 
 
( ,8o ) 
 
 that fhall attempt either the troubling or 
 them there, or the driving them from thence. 
 
 Moreover, it might be reprefented and 
 ihevv’d at large, how much it will be to the 
 advantage of England, both with refpeft to their 
 Plantations in the Weft-Indies , and their own 
 general growth and encreafe in Trade, and the 
 rendring their whole Traffick and Commerce 
 more fecure and profitable than it has been, 
 to have the Scots upheld in the pofleflion which 
 they have obtain’d upon the foremention’d 
 American Ifthmtu , and that they be fuccefsful 
 and profperous in the improvement and far¬ 
 ther extenilon of their Colony. But having faid 
 enough in a former Paragraph, for the demon- 
 fixating of that beyond the being either de- 
 ny’d or contradi&ed, and the matter being 
 obvious to all Men, who are capable of think¬ 
 ing rationally and to any ufeful purpofes, and 
 it being withal a Topick, which every little 
 and common Writer upon this Subject, will 
 not fail (thro 3 inability to enlarge and em¬ 
 ploy their Conceptions about other things re¬ 
 lative hereunto) to make their belt and utmoft 
 of} I lhail therefore decline the re-afluming 
 the confideration of that Head again here, and 
 fhall addrefs to the reprefentation of one Me¬ 
 dium of Argumentation, whereby it will apo- 
 diftically appear to be the Intereft of England, 
 to have the Scots preferved and defended in their 
 Settlement at Darien. 
 
 Namely, That the convenicncy of that place 
 for an European Plantation, being now better 
 underftood than it was before, and the won¬ 
 derful Profits and Advantages that will flow 
 from and accrue by it, being more fully ap¬ 
 prehended 
 
( 181 ) 
 
 prehended and more clearly difeerned, than e- 
 ver they were \ it will thereupon follow and 
 enfne, That fhould the Scots be drove from 
 thence, the Subjects of fome other Prince or 
 State, betides the Spaniards will poflefs them- 
 felves of it. Which whofoever it be, will be 
 of fatal confequence to England, as well as rui¬ 
 nous to Scotland. Nor dare I entertain fo un¬ 
 worthy and dilhonourable an Opinion of the 
 Englifli Nation, nor Ihevv my felf fo ungrate¬ 
 ful to a Kingdom, unto which I owe more 
 Thankfulnefs, Service and Duty, than ever I 
 can be capable of paying, as once to imagine, 
 that they themfelves will be fo unjuft, as well 
 as unkind, either clandcltinely and by conni¬ 
 vance, to be acceflary to the wreiting of that 
 Plantation out of the pofieliion of the Scots-, 
 or fo ungentile as well as unfriendly, as fin- 
 gly and alone, or in conjunction and confede¬ 
 racy with others, to drive and compel them 
 from thence by force. Seeing as endeavours 
 and attempts of thofe kinds, would not only 
 appear fo fiiamefully fcandalous to all the fober, 
 wife and righteous part of Mankind, that the 
 greateft part of the World would reproach 
 them for the Treachery and Wickednefs, 
 as well as for the Imprudence and Folly of it, 
 but it would beget that bitter and implaca¬ 
 ble hatred in the Scots Nation againlt England, 
 as would excite and kindle thofe Defines and 
 Flames of Revenge, as no length of time will 
 ever allay, nor the Authority of any Prince 
 entitled to both the Crowns, be able to ex- 
 tinguilh or to prevent the fatal confcqucn- 
 ces of. 
 
 And 
 
( ^2 ) 
 
 And the' the Power and Strength of Scot¬ 
 land may be look’d upon with Deri lion ana 
 Contempt, when compar’d with the Force and 
 Might of England ; yet Ihould full; Wrath, and 
 the;’. War arife between thefe two Nations, 
 it may be ealily foretold, without pretending 
 to a Spirit of Prophecy, that it will be rnif- 
 chievous beyond expreffion to both, tho’ in the 
 ilTueitmay prove more ruinous to the one than 
 to the other. Nor is it pofiible to be avoided, 
 but that a quarrel rais’d between the King¬ 
 doms upon that motive and account, will 
 produce the like, if not more difmal effects, than 
 the War in the Reign of Edward I. did, wherc- 
 -,j of a judicious Hi fori an hath left this wife and 
 memorable Obfcrvation, that Angliam vehemen- 
 ter conci'ljit , &’ Scotomni nomen fcrc dclcvit It 
 wonderfully ficck and weaken'd England, and d- 
 moft exterminated the very Name of the Scots. 
 
 And this is fo obvious to be forefeen and 
 difeern’d by any Man, that gives himfelf the 
 freedom of thinking, efpecially conlidering the 
 present circumltances of England , with refpect 
 to its no lefs potent than envious Enemies a- 
 bont it, as well as upon other accounts, which 
 1 decline the mentioning of, that it will neither 
 .bo undecent, nor favour of undue boldneis, 
 .0 fav that whofoever ihall advife the appli- 
 •,r.tion of the power of England for driving 
 tile Scots out of Darien , can defign no lefs, 
 than either the mine of the Nations by one 
 ■mother, or the making them when divided 
 and weaken’d a prev unto thofe who long to 
 fubdue and deftroy both. But as England is a 
 Nation of more Honour and Jullice, than from 
 :i:eir own inclination wed choice, to come in¬ 
 to 
 
( i8j ) 
 
 to fuch a cfefien againft the Scots fo they arc 
 a more fagacions and wife People, than 
 either to con Pent unto, or to connive at their 
 being wheedled and drawn into it by o- 
 thers. 
 
 So that the Scots having_no ground orrea- 
 fon for apprehenlions and fears, that the Erg- 
 lift will direftly or indirectly concur and ailffl 
 to their being expell’d from thence, nor I hope 
 fupinely and tamely look on until it be effe¬ 
 cted: All the jcaloulic and dread is, that either 
 the French or the Dutch may co-operate and 
 contribute towards it; or at leaft that in calc 
 the Spaniards alone Ihould be in a condition 
 to accornplilh it, thro’ the Scots wanting, and 
 being refus'd fuflicient and fcafonablc fupport,. 
 one of thefe Nations, who are both fo potent 
 in Laud Forces and Fleets of War •, fnoukl by 
 way of after game, make it their bufinefs to 
 get into potMion of it. And under the power 
 of which of thefe two Nations footer it (lull 
 chance to fall, it will be of equal, but of very 
 fetal confequcnce, even to England. 
 
 For fuppofe that the Dutch , who are a Peo¬ 
 ple that do extraordinarily well underitand 
 their Intcreft, and who never mifs the going 
 into all the Mealines and Methods whereby 
 they may promote it \ (witncL their Conduct 
 and Management not many years ago at Ban¬ 
 tam, and if we will believe a fort of ill-natur’d 
 Men among our Pelves, their coming there¬ 
 upon into the late Revolution here in England, 
 not fo much out of kindnefs either to ourRc 
 iigion or Laws, as to prevent King James’ s 
 revenging that action upon them,) 1 fay fup- 
 ;.of; t hat ijey upon the Sto/jvbeing cx~ 
 
 N poll’d 
 
( * 84 ) 
 
 poll'd from Panic fhonld line! tliemfelves able, 
 as undoubtedly they are willing, to fettle a 
 Colony there, the confcquences thereof towards 
 'f.noland are at prefent as obvious, as they will 
 hereafter be infallibly fatal and ruinous. 
 
 For be tides the advantage that fuch a Plan¬ 
 tation will give them, of engrailing and mo- 
 nopolr/ing in a little time unto themfelves the 
 whole Trade of the Eafl-Indies , China y and 
 ' m/ca/, as well as molt of the JmcricewTrafflcIt, 
 imperially that which is mainly profitable of 
 it: they will moreover by that addition of 
 Wealth to the Trealiire which they have al- 
 icady, which the Cold and Silver Mines of Da- 
 rien will inconceivably and ipeedily ycild them, 
 be not only in a condition to give Laws to all 
 Europe, and become the foie Arbiters of Af¬ 
 fairs in thefe parts of the World, but they 
 will be able, if they have a mind to it, ami 
 it is neither wife, nor will it be fafe to lie at 
 rheir dilcretion, to rob England both of the 
 the Sovcraignty of the Narrow-Seas, and of 
 the freedom of Navigation into any places 
 of the Baltick, the Mediterranean, or elfe- 
 ivlicre, five as they lhall be- pleas’d to per¬ 
 mit and licence them. But tho’ this be a 
 Subject worthy to be enlarg’d upon, and that 
 deferveth to have an ample detale given of it, 
 and which withal it were not difficult to do 
 in a manner that might awaken England out 
 of its droufie and lethargical Temper, yet 
 for reafons which need not to be told, but may 
 readily be guefs’d at, I lhall not at this time, 
 nor in this place, profecute it any fur¬ 
 ther. 
 
 How- 
 
( > 8 * ) 
 
 However Ihould the Dutch , upon Motives 
 which may lie before them, and whereof we 
 can have no information, decline interpofing 
 in that affair, either as to the encouraging 
 of the Spaniards to drive the Sms out of Darien, 
 or the endeavouring to elhbliih a Colony there 
 themfelves, in cafe they Ihould be expelfd; yet 
 who knoweth but that the French may co¬ 
 operate towards the jirfi in order to their 
 obtaining and comparting of the latter ; which 
 will be as mifehievous, if not much more, in 
 the eftefts and confequences of it to England, 
 than if it Ihould fall under the power, and 
 come into the poffeflion of the Hollanders. 
 And we have the more rcafon to be appre- 
 henfive, that the French have fome fucli dclign, 
 if we do but obferve how jealous and impor¬ 
 tunate they have been and ftiil are in their 
 offers of afliftance to the Spaniards , for the 
 diflodging of the Scots which every wife and 
 thinking Man muff believe to be done in pro- 
 fpect of advantage to accrue unto thcmfck-cs , 
 rather than of any benefit which they intend 
 fliall refult thereby to the Spaniards. Nor do 
 I think it needful to give along deduction of 
 the mifehiefs that may, and which in all pro¬ 
 bability will enliie, upon the Settlement of a 
 Colony on the Iftbmus of Darien by the French, 
 to the affecting of all Europe , and particular¬ 
 ly the Kingdom of England, they being fo ob¬ 
 vious that they cannot"efcape the views of any 
 who have Eyes to fee, and will but vouchfafe 
 to open them. Neverthelefs in order to the 
 awakening thoughts in fuch, who do not ex- 
 crcife themfelves in Speculations of this kind, 
 i fliall very briefly intimate a few things, 
 which 
 
C 18O 
 
 which carry their own evidence along with 
 them. 
 
 Namely, that fnould the French become pof- 
 ictt of any part of Darien , and efpecially of 
 that where the Scots have erected their Cali- 
 donlm Colony , they would thereby be wonder¬ 
 fully enabled, both- to difturb the Track of 
 England in all their iVcft-India Plantations, and 
 for making encroachments upon them r in their 
 beit and moft profitable Colonies. And if what 
 ■ the Author of an Ejf.cy upon nays and means, 
 
 ' doth lay of the danger and damage that by 
 : the French fettling, at Mcfchaftpi , will arifc to 
 Inland, with refpect to their American Traf- 
 fick and Plantations, deferveth ferious confidc- 
 ration, as undoubtedly it doth much more 
 is their ettabliffiing thcmfelves upon the 
 Jflhm.’s! , to be for the lame motives and 
 icafons fcafonabiy thought of and prevented. 
 
 Moreover it may be very rationally affir¬ 
 med, that were the French once poflefied of 
 inch a confiderable Port in Darien as Port Ada 
 is, they would not long continue contented 
 with that, but would be endeavouring to en¬ 
 large their Acquifition and Jurifdietion over 
 the whole Ifbhmt which as it would lay the 
 Foundation of their becoming Powerful o- 
 ver the Northern Ocean , and afford them won¬ 
 derful means and opportunities of extending 
 ["heir Trade, to the Eafl-Indies , China and Ja- 
 and of getting in a great mcafure to 
 be Matters of the rich and benclicial Commerce, 
 that is carried on and managed by Europeans 
 in th.ofe parts of the World} fo it would 
 infallibly put them into a capacity and con¬ 
 dition,- of gaining in a very little time the 
 Sovereignty 
 
0*7) 
 
 Sovereignty both of Mexico and Pent. Itbc 
 ing both certain and evident beyond all deni¬ 
 al, that with fewer than ten Thoufand well ' 
 difciplined Troops, they may wreft both thofe 
 Empires from the Crown of Spain, as alfo 
 whatfoever they do PolTcfs befides upon the 
 American Continent. Seeing as the apparent 
 vveaknefs of the Spaniards there is fuch, that 
 they will not be able to withihnd the Imprcf- 
 hon, and attacks of a few Battailions of good 
 Military and Regular Forces fo it is Morally .tvC;?: 
 certain, that they will have the aid and aifi- a.™ sit 
 France of the Criolians (who arc fuch as arc -A f ;j 
 born in America of Spanijb Barents) as well 
 as of thofe, who arc of the race of the . 
 old Native Indians , to refeue thofe Countries i*c-„ • 
 and Provinces from under the Power and Do- a 
 minion of the Crown of Spain. Which how 
 fatal it would be to the European Princes and 
 States, as well as ruinous to the ’Sp.wijb Mo¬ 
 narchy, I need not be at the pains to reprefen t 
 and prove. 
 
 Further Ihouid the French become once peffei-- 
 fed of any part of Darien, and obtain the occupa¬ 
 tion of the Gold and Silver Muxs which arc 
 there, it would after that be in vain to conteii. 
 or withihnd their Pretension of fucceeding to 
 the Cmru of Spain , and of the Doininkvw 
 thereunto belonging. For as the Horfc of 
 Bourbon, hath a great deal to ailcdgc in Jufii- 
 lication of its Right and Title, of Succclhou 
 to that Monarchy, ihouid his prefent Catho- 
 lick Majefty die, without lilac, as he is like 
 to do, and as they have already powcCui 
 Forces for the fcconding and making good 
 their Claim, fo it is beyond contradi&ion tha 
 
( iM ) 
 
 were they once Mailers of thofe Mines, which 
 lie within the Diftritl where the Scots have 
 their Cdidonian Colony , it would after that he 
 impoflible to defeat and prevent them in 
 their pietenfions, feeing they would not on¬ 
 ly thereby be in a condition to poffefs tliem- 
 fclves with eafe of the many and Rich Pro- 
 vinces which the Spanllh Crown hath in Ame¬ 
 rica-, but they would be furnifhecl with a 
 Fund of Trcafurc for the payment of all thofe 
 numerous Troops without burden to their 
 Subjects, which they lhall think needful to 
 keep on foot in Europe, for the alterting of 
 their Right of fucceflion to that Monarchy. 
 And I may Jultly as well as boldly fay, that 
 the linglc fupporting of the Scots in their fet- 
 tlcment at Darien , will be more fubfervient 
 and effectual for the obltructing of the French 
 in that defign, than all the Alliances that 
 can be made in Europe againlt it, will in the 
 lll'ue and Event lignifie, without the preferva- 
 tion of that Colony. And indeed God in his 
 wife Providence, fecrns to have adjufted the 
 Scots fettling there at this Juncture, in order 
 to be a means and expedient of obltructing I 
 the French from fuccecding in their prctenilon, 
 if others will have but eyes to fee it, and 
 prudence ro make ufe of it. 
 
 Finally it is not unworthy the being con- 
 lidered, what Jcaloulies all Nations in this £«- I 
 ropean part of the World lia v c of late cn- [ 
 
 tertained, and what a general belief they have ' 
 
 imbibed, as if the French were afpiriilg after 
 ail Vnivcrfal Monarchy, And Was not the feat 
 of this on the one hand, and the obviating it 
 on the t’other, the pretended rcafons of the 
 
kte Confederacy, and of the War that pro- 
 vcd fo Bloody and Expenilve, which tho 1 they 
 may be thought to have given fome check 
 and interruption unto it, yet they are far 
 from having either made the French depofite 
 the thoughts of it, or from having fo weakned 
 and difabled them, as to render the profecution 
 and compafling thereof I mpra&icable. Yea 1 may 
 venture upon all the Topicks of Reafon, and 
 Politicks,to pronounce that it is Impoflible to hin¬ 
 der and difappoint it, may they be but connived 
 at, in the obtaining thepofleffion of th zGold and 
 Silver Mine!, which lie in the Neighbourhood, 
 and within the Diftrid of the Calidonian Colo- 
 ny. Whereas if the Scots be protected and 
 upheld in it, there will tliofc Treafures flow 
 from thence into Britain, as will fo enrich his 
 Maielties Exchequer, that he may not only 
 make his own Dominion the luppicit and 
 molt opulent in the World, and put the ba¬ 
 lance of the Trade of the whole liniverfe in¬ 
 to their hands ■, but vender hirnfdf and his 
 SuccelTors, the unqueflionable Arbiters of alt 
 affairs and tranladions, within the limits of 
 the European Dominions, and give him the glo¬ 
 ry of faving all Em ope, from the Deluge and 
 Inundation of a French Conquelt. 
 
 Whereunto let me in the next place be al¬ 
 low’d to lubjoin, that in cafe Scotland iliould 
 be able of it felf to defend and maintain their 
 Colony againit the machinations and aflaults of 
 the Spaniards, without the allilfancc and fupport 
 of Ena} and, as it is hoped they may, that the 
 IMlijh will not only lofc the Honour and 
 Thanks of it, with all the Privileges and Ad¬ 
 vantages which thro’ countenancing and aiding 
 
( i9° ) 
 
 of them they might have been partakers of, 
 as well as have been fecur’d of the perpetual 
 Friendfhip of that Nation, and upon all occa- 
 lions experienc’d the happy effeds of it • fo it 
 can give no juft offence to fuch of the King¬ 
 dom of England as are endow’d with Wif- 
 dom and llnderftanding_ to have it plainly 
 laid before them, that if Scotland find it felt 
 too weak to withftand the Forces of the CVcnv: 
 of Spff, and of fuch as may joyn their Power 
 with that of the Catholick King for diflodg- 
 ing of them, and in the mean time find them* 
 lelvcs abandon’d by England., how that in fuch 
 a cafe, it is greatly to be fear’d that they may 
 call in fome Neighbouring Monarch or State 
 to their Succour and Support, tho’ the doing 
 it will infallibly be reckon’d, and defervedly 
 too, a trefpafs againft their Allegiance, Fealty 
 and Loyalty. And the Scots being naturally 
 a warm People, too much verifying the Pro¬ 
 verb, that Scotornm ingenia firnt fcmid.it , which 
 vulgarly goes of them, they may the fooner be 
 hurry’d into fuch an irregular and unlawful 
 courfe, by refleding, that iincc both the Na- 
 {ions came under one Soveraign, they are both 
 much lefs eftccmcd by the Engl/Jh, and enjoy 
 fewer Privileges in England, titan in times of 
 Peace between the Crowns they did before. 
 Whereof the reafon is obvious y namely, that 
 England being the powerful and opulent Na¬ 
 tion, and having the King Rdident among 
 them, they do thereby the more ealily influ¬ 
 ence him to be kinder to them than to the 
 Sat-. For tho’ I hope that they will never b? 
 tempred to ruff into fuch a Method, and do 
 alfo-heartily wi!h, that no provocations may 
 force 
 
( I9 1 ) 
 
 force them upon it, yet whofoever will either 
 confidcr, the Nature and Temper of Mankind, 
 and make reflections upon Late, as well as upon 
 more Ancient Precedents, may find matter of 
 apprehenfion and jealouiieadminiftrcd unto them, 
 that it is fo far from being impofliblc they 
 fhould do fo, that it rather looks like a moral 
 certainty, that it will come to pafs. There- 
 being nothing more natural, as well as ufual, 
 than for Communities and Nations, as well as 
 for individual and particular Men,' when 
 either unkindly treated by their Friends, or di- 
 ftrellld by their Enemies, to feck for fuccour 
 and relief wherefoever they can obtain it. And 
 to cite the Teftimonies and Examples that do 
 aver and confirm this, would be both totran-' 
 feribe a conftderable part of the Hiftories or 
 all Ages, and to give the Detale and Memoirs 
 of the behaviour of vail numbers of private 
 Perfons. Nor doth it in Inch a cafe come 
 much under Peoples conlideration how far fuch 
 a procedure will be accounted Criminal, and 
 the Authors of it held impeachable \ Intereft 
 in fuch circumftances out-balancing Duty, and 
 prefent inconvcniencies ftifling Fears, with rc- 
 fpeft to what may be future. Nor is it un¬ 
 worthy of remark what Mr. Littleton, Brother 
 to this prelent Speaker, broadly infmuates con¬ 
 cerning Barbados, when he, as well as that whole c 
 
 Vlmmlon, thought themfelves ievercly dealt 
 with by the Government and Kingdom of Eng- wee: 
 land ■, namely, that it was to be dreaded, lealt 
 under fuch difeouragements* they Ihould be 
 tempted to run into Methods, that would be 
 as irreconcilable to their Loyalty, as they would 
 
( * 9 2 ) 
 
 he contrary to their Inclinations, unlefs they 
 were forc’d upon them. 
 
 And as it is firmly to be believ'd, that the 
 Dutch, or any of the Northern Crowns , if ap- 
 ply’d unto by the Scots, and their aid crav’d, 
 would be ready to own and efpoufe their con¬ 
 cern •, fo it is to be apprehended and fear’d 
 in more fpecial manner, leaft under fuch me¬ 
 lancholy menacing and diftrefsful circumftan- 
 ces, they fhould not make their addrefs unto, 
 and put themfelves under the protection of 
 Frame. Seeing befides the agreeablenefs in 
 temper and humour, between the Scots and 
 the French, more than between any two Na¬ 
 tions in Europe, the old Affinity that was be¬ 
 twixt them, and the benefits which redoun¬ 
 ded mutually to each of them by it, are not 
 wholly forgotten. For as the Ancient JHi- 
 mice of Scotland with France, and the many brave 
 Troops wherewith upon all occafions they 
 fupplyed the French , were the unhappy means 
 of the Englijh loling all thofe Noble Provin¬ 
 ces, and vaft Territories, whereof they were 
 once rightfully poflefTed in France, fo thcSrof/ 
 are upon every unkind carriage of England to¬ 
 wards them, but too apt to remember the 
 Honours and opulent Fortunes, which di¬ 
 vers of them attained unto during their long 
 and faithful league with the French. Nor have 
 they reafon much to queftion, but fhould they 
 renew their old Conjed.cracy with France, and 
 call for affiftance from thence, the whole King¬ 
 dom of Scotland. , would be foon reinftated there 
 in all the ancient Privileges and Immunities, 
 which were enjoyed by them heretofore, and 
 not only fuch who are chiefly concerned in 
 
( m ) 
 
 the bulmefs of Darien, become liberally rewar¬ 
 ded and rccompciiced for throwing themfelves 
 into the arms of the Trench ; but fuch as are 
 of the chief and firfl Rank of their Nobility, 
 would be courted to accept General-Commands, 
 Marcfchal-Staffs, Ducal-Coronets, and Annual 
 Penlions, anfwerable to thofe of Princes of 
 the Blood, which their Anceftors formerly 
 had. 
 
 Nor ought it to be ovcr-look'd, how the 
 Scms even iince their Vnion with England un¬ 
 der one and the lame King, have withont the 
 knowledge of His Brits,mick Majelty, fought 
 the Protection of France, when they conceiv’d 
 thcmfclvcs in danger of being Invaded by Eng- 
 1,md. It being too well known to admit of 
 contradiftion, that when King Charles I. was 
 advifccl and influenc’d to make War upon 
 them, for their withlbnding what they call’d 
 lnvalion upon Church and State, how they ap- 
 ply'd themfelves unto France for affiftance; in- 
 feribing their Petition and Memorial to Lewis 
 XIII. At Roy. For which, tho’chcy were charg’d 
 both with Treachery and Rebellion by the Court 
 Party, yet that Act of the Stas was not fo 
 heinoufly refented by the Englijb , as to deferve 
 to be taken notice of and upbraided at the 
 
 Treaty at Rinpon. Nor will the Zeal, or ra¬ 
 ther Biggotry of the prefent French King be 
 of much iignification for diverting them from 
 begging his protection, in cafe they ice them- 
 lelves likely to .be ruin'd in their prefent de- 
 fgn, thro’ their being adaolted by Spain and 
 abandon’d by Fvglan.l As knowing that the 
 State Wifdom of Lewis XIV. will as much o- 
 v. c-auk his warmth for the Faith and Wor- 
 0 Ihip 
 
jiiip of the Romifh Church, as it did that of 
 Henry II. of France, when the Proteftants in 
 Scotland refilled fuch as they faid would Perfeaitc 
 them in the Reign of Queen Mary his Daugh¬ 
 ter-in-law. Thar King being recorded to hare 
 faid upon that occafion-, We mufi commit the 
 Sods of Scots-men to God, for we have diff- 
 cdty enough to rule the Confcicnccs of fuch as an 
 French. " Neither ought it to 'be pafs’d over 
 without obfervation, that the application which 
 the Scots under the Reign of Charles I. made 
 to Lewis XIII. was not very long after his ha¬ 
 ving fubdu’d his Subjects at Rochcl, and vvrefled 
 the Ca.utiona.ry Towns out of the hands of his 
 Reformed Subjects. Which open’d the way to 
 all the Mifchief and Ruin that have overtaken 
 them fince. Neverthelefs this mull be laid in 
 favour of the Scots, that it was upon the Mo¬ 
 tive of Religion, and from Indignation again# 
 Frame , bccaufe of the late and prefent Pcrfe- 
 union of the Frotcjhwts there, that they did 
 not carry their Refentments higher for the af¬ 
 front put upon His Majdty, and the Parlia¬ 
 ment of Scotland , with refpecl to their Al for 
 a Company to Trade in India and Africa, and 
 that they did not warmly exprefs their dif- 
 pleafure in relation to the intcrpofur.e of His 
 Alajefty’s Envoy at,the Courts of Ltmcd’iajh, 
 and his Rcfidcnt at Hamburgh, who by mcna 
 ces, as well as by gentler Methods, both ck- 
 ter’d and difcourag’d the jfa.mbnrgbcrs from 
 contributing to their Stock and Capital, and 
 from joyning in the eilablilhment and promotion 
 of the Plantation and Trade, which the Scots 
 were about to Settle and Embark in. For as 
 it would not but wonderfully furprize the Sees 
 
( i95 ) 
 
 to find their Undertaking, and particularly 
 their tranladion with the Hambmghcrs for 
 Subfcriptions and Aid, not only ftil’d The 
 Attiou offomc private Men, who neither had Crc~ 
 dentials, nor were any other ways authorised by His 
 Majefty , when they flood warranted in the one 
 and t’other by the King’s Charter, as well as 
 by an Aft of Parliament , but to have it repre- 
 fented to the Magiflrates and Governors of 
 that Free city, That His Majefty would regard 
 all Proceedings with the Scots in that affair, as 
 an affront to his Royal Authority, and, that he would 
 siot fail to revenge hirnfif of it j fo it was mat¬ 
 ter of the greater! aflonifiiment to the People 
 of Scotland , that the faid Envoy and Rcfdeut, 
 perfevered to oppofc them in ail their tranF 
 actions at Hamburgh , until they had frullrated 
 and defeated them in what they were about, 
 notv/ithftanding that T/tllibard.ing and Ogihis, 
 
 His Majelty’s Two Scotch Secretaries, had declar'd 
 in a Letter to the Council general of the Company, 
 that they food empower hi by the King to fignife mao See tki,; 
 thetn, that His Majefy would give order to the letter of 
 jaid Envoy and Rcfident, not to make ufe of His 2 
 Majeftfs Name and Authority for obftrnciing the i ' r: ' 
 Scots Company in the profevutim of their Trade 
 with the Inhabitants 0 /Hamburgh. 
 
 Nor ought it to give offence unto any, tho’ 
 it may poffibly alarm a great number of ju¬ 
 dicious and thinking People, to have it repre- 
 fented and publifli’d, that all the oppolicion 
 made and given by His Majcffy’s laid' Envoy 
 and Refidcnt to the Scots, tranfafting witluhe 
 Hunburghers, was previous and antecedent un¬ 
 to any knowledge they had receiv’d, or could 
 pofiibiy at tail! unto, of the Place, Territory, 
 
 0 2 or 
 
or Country, where the Scots had defigu’d to 
 Land, and to endeavour the eftablilhment of 
 a Colony. For as none of the very Directors 
 of the Company had, until a long time after, 
 come to any fix’d Refolution where they lhould 
 attempt the beginning and carrying on a Plan¬ 
 tation ■, fo pofleriorly to its having been a- 
 greed upon and concerted by thofefew of them, 
 to whom the determination thereof was re- 
 ferr’d by the reft, it was fo fccrctly conceal’d 
 and kept faithfully undifeover’d, that neither 
 His Mtjcfty, nor any of his Minifim , were in 
 the leaft made acquainted with it. And con- 
 fequently that the forefaid Envoy and Rcfidcnt, 
 being altogether ignorant in what part of the 
 World, the Company intended to feek and pur- 
 fue a Foreign Settlement for Trade and Com¬ 
 merce ; and" whether it might not be in fome 
 Region or Province, that would be both agree¬ 
 able to the humour of the Spaniards, and fub- 
 
 fervient to the Interefl of England, their in- 
 terpofing fo zealoufly and induftrioully with 
 the Hambnrgbcrs againfi: the Scots , could nei¬ 
 ther be upoji motives of Love and Kindnef; 
 to the Englijb, or of rcfpect and deference 
 to the King of Spain, but out of meer difaf- 
 tedcion to the Kingdom of Scotland., and from an 
 averiion to the welfare and profperity of that 
 People. So that it may be worth thofc Gen¬ 
 tlemens recollefting, what heretofore befell 
 AnUijhop Land and the Earl of Strafford, for 
 having mcdled in Scots affairs beyond their 
 Polls, tho’ with the Countenance and by the 
 Authority of King Charles I. Who notvvith- 
 Jhnding their being Pcrfons ,of incomparable 
 Talents, as well as of the molt elevated Su- 
 
( i97.). 
 
 ■dons and illuftrious Characters of any of the 
 Kingdom of England, yet upon the arillng of a 
 mifimdcrftanding between that Prince and his 
 Englifh Parliament, and thro’ the necefllty that 
 the latter food in of having the favour of the 
 Kingdom of Scotland in the difference that Iprung 
 up "between them and their Soveraign, were 
 facrific’d in order to appeafe and gratifie the 
 Scots, rather than for any treafonable Crimes 
 that they were guilty of. 
 
 I do forefee that it will be here objected, 
 that for the Englijh to countenance and up¬ 
 hold the Scots in what they have done, will 
 be to enter into a Confpiracy againft tliem- 
 ielves, and a concurring in what will be high¬ 
 ly prejudicial, not only to the Traffick of the' 
 Englijh American Plantations, but to the Trade 
 and Commerce of England it fclf. And that 
 not only by rcafon of the general Share in 
 ‘Trade which the Scots by rcafon of that CT- 
 d.onian Company may fpeedily grow up unto 
 but becaufe of the great humanities in Free¬ 
 dom from Taxes, Caftoms , and all manner of 
 lmpofitions whatsoever, which arc granted un¬ 
 to their Company for 11 Pears, while the Eng- 
 lip Traffick is by fo many Laws and Statutes 
 dogg’d and over loaded with them. To which 
 Exception I fhall endeavour to give fuch a full 
 and fufficient Reply in the few following Rcfic- 
 clions, that I hope both the frivoloufnels and 
 indiferetion of it will be made obvious, and 
 render’d apparent to every Wan, that hath but 
 judgment and temper enough to weigh things 
 in equal and juft Scales. 
 
 0 3 
 
 The 
 
< 198 ) 
 
 The firfi thing therefore which I would of- 
 f'i; to be confider’d is this, namely, That the 
 ot fnccccding in the founding and cfta- 
 uhflnng of a New Colony is fo great, and the 
 Trcufurc that mult inevitably be expended in 
 order thereunto fo large, before any confidera- 
 hle reimbnrfemcnts can be hoped for, that it 
 is extremely difficult by any propos’d Immu¬ 
 nities and Privileges whatfoever, to gain thofe 
 chat have Money, and who know how to make 
 other improvements of it, to be forward, li¬ 
 beral, and zealous of entring into and pro¬ 
 moting fuch a Dcfign. And if we will but 
 call our Eye beyond Sea, and look at prefent 
 into Germany , and obferve the,encouragements 
 propos’d to the Faudois, and the French Refugees, 
 in cafe they will fettle in fuch and fucli pla¬ 
 ces, where they arc fore to be protected, and 
 at a feafon, when they neither know how to 
 he harbour’d, nor to fubiiffi, any where elfc 5 
 we fhall not wonder that His Majcfly, and the 
 T\r,Human of Scotland, thought the granting 
 of all thofe Privileges and Immunities needful 
 for the prevailing upon the Subjects of that 
 Kingdom, to engage in a delign, the Scene 
 whereof lay fo remote, and the Difficulties and 
 Charges would be fo great and large towards 
 the bringing it to perfection. Yea, doth not 
 every Inheritor and Landlord in England allow 
 
 large favours and advantages, botlf to fuch 25 
 
 will come and cultivate their wafte Lands, and 
 to thofe who will lay out their Money in the 
 building Houfcs upon their Grounds where 
 there were no. Dwellings before ? And ought 
 it then to be complain’d of, that a Nation 
 in order to the extending the Empire and Do- 
 
( *99 ) 
 
 minion of their Sovereign, and the contributing 
 thereby to the enriching, in a little time, of all 
 his Kingdoms and Subjects, as well as his oven 
 Exchequer, ftiould have Immunities and Privi¬ 
 leges granted unto them for a few years, and 
 whereof feveral were expir’d, before they actu¬ 
 ally enter’d upon the execution of their D?- 
 fign. 
 
 Whereunto may be added, that the advan¬ 
 tage which will both accrue unto the Govcm- 
 num at all times hereafter by an increafe of 
 Cufims , and an ability acquir’d unto Scotland, 
 of being more liberal in the Tuxes, which, they 
 fhall grant unto His Bntmnkh Majefly, than 
 heretofore their Poverty, uotwithlhnding their 
 Zeal for His Majefty’s Service, would allow, 
 them to be •, and likewife the many benefits 
 which will arife to England, in the feveral 
 ■particulars whereof I have already given the 
 Detale, and which I fhall not here repeat, 
 will abundantly compenfate tor the. Immuni¬ 
 ties and Privileges which are vouchfafed the 
 Scots Company for 21 Years, whereof Four are 
 already elapfed, wherein they have been at 
 great expenccs, without any return in way of 
 Principal or Iutereft. And it being the daily 
 practice of the Englifu thcmfclves, and indeed 
 of all Mankind, to venture upon Designs and 
 to run into Disburfements, where the gains are 
 too often only chimerical, and at molt 
 times -but merely conjectural, and very feldom 
 are morally certain ^ fhould the People of Eng¬ 
 land then, make it a matter of quarrel with 
 the Sms that they are embark’d in, a design 
 without the Enalifb coming into any part of 
 the charge of it, from which if itdofucceed. 
 
( 200 ) 
 
 it is Mathematically demonltrable, that tlie£»£- 
 Ilfb Nation will obtain great Glory, Power and 
 Wealth. 
 
 Moreover it is dcmonJtrable, that the Be- 
 nefits which will redound to the Englifh in 
 the Interim, and within that circle of time, 
 will greatly overbalance any damages, or in- 
 convcniencics that can be fuppofed to arife un¬ 
 to them in their Tra flick and Commerce, by 
 iliac fhort Indulgence granted unto the Scots , 
 of being free from Culioms and Impofitions in 
 relation to their exports unto, and Imports 
 
 from their Colony. Seeing beiidcs the Emo¬ 
 luments that will accrue to England, and to 
 their American Plantations, by the opening 
 unto them a vafe Trade unto places where 
 they had none, or very little before, and by 
 th.it Neceflity, as well as occafion, which the 
 Scots cannot avoid, of taking ■ more off from 
 them both of their Natural and Artificial 
 productions, than they could formerly ufe, or 
 know how to difpofe of them ■, I fay befides 
 this, it is provided for, and ordained in the 
 ver yAtl-, by which their Company is ellablilhed, 
 that thaxColony fliail be a free Port and Market, fo 
 that the Englifu may carry thither, whatso¬ 
 ever they judge vendible either to the Scots, 
 or tlie Natives, for which they are like to lie 
 
 paid in Cold and Silver , and they may alio 
 Traffic!: there, and bring from thence wliat- 
 foever is produced within the Diftridt, where 
 the Call don't an Colony lies, and in the Territories 
 occupied by the Indians, which are adjoining 
 unto it, all which will greatly Countervail and 
 and Outbalance, 'the few fuppofed inconvcni- 
 tecies, that are difcourfed by unthinking men, 
 
( 201 ) 
 
 as likely to arife unto England, and their Wefi- 
 India fettlements, by the Immnnicies granted 
 to the Sms, for the Ihovt forementioned term 
 of years. 
 
 Further that as all the Commodities importa¬ 
 ble by the Company which are not of the growth 
 of that Country, are all excepted from being 
 Cnftom-fxec, and are made liable to all legal Im- 
 politions ■, fo nothing of the very productions 
 of that place, can be imported by the Scots in¬ 
 to England ,but what they Hand bound to pay 
 enftoms for, and. are ready in compliance with 
 the Laws of England fo to do. _ Vea the 2 l.-r.-i- 
 nation Alls made in England being hill in force, 
 and never like to be repealed, and whereof the. 
 conniving at the violation and breach, would be 
 of fatal confequcnce to the Englifb in their Ship- 
 ing, no goods can be imported from Darien di¬ 
 rectly into England fave in Englilh Veflels, and 
 thither it is that molt of the Dying Wood, as 
 well as of Divers other Commodities , which the 
 Directors of the Plantation can procure on the 
 Ifihmns , mult be immediately carryed and dif- 
 pofed of. So that from the whole which I 
 have laid down in way of reply to the forego¬ 
 ing objection, it appears to be made without 
 any folid ground, and to proceed from people, 
 that neither have, nor can take a full forvey of 
 this affair, nor look round it, rather than from 
 perfons of any great penetration, or who are 
 couvcri'ant either in the Philofophy, or in the 
 praxis and Mechanifm of Trade in the full com- 
 pafs and extent of it. 
 
 The only thing further that 1 imagine to be al- 
 icdgable againft the Englijb giving countenance 
 ..ud encouragement to the Scots in their prefent 
 
( 202 ) 
 
 undertaking, and to hinder their Joyning in the 
 protection and defence of them, is that it may 
 prove prejudicial to the Church of England, thro’ 
 the giving way unto, and concurring to pro¬ 
 mote the fetilemcnt of the Trcshyterian Form 
 and Model in that part of the World \ the 
 Church of England having found trouble and in- 
 conveniencies enough from that Scheme of Ec- 
 clelialfical Government in the Scats frame and 
 Edition of it, while it hath been confined with¬ 
 in their own Kingdom. 
 
 This looks fo much like Bantering inftead of 
 Reafoning , that it may be continued for a reproach 
 put upon the llndeiltandings and good Sence of 
 the greater part of mankind to vouchfafe an 
 anivvex unto it, efpecially in a. Kingdom, as welt 
 as an Age, wherein the Jus divinum of tins 
 or that Form of Church Government, obtains a 
 very (lender room, in molt mens Belief. And 
 it were well, if ail thofc who are reckoned to 
 have the beft natural and acquired parts, could 
 be brought to agree in the Ejfcntials of Cbriitia- 
 nity, tho’ they continued to differ in Difcipliua- 
 ',y points. Yea ir is to bo feared, that the Dog- 
 maticalnefs and die Intemperate zeal of fome, 
 for things vailly removed from being Funda¬ 
 mentals in our Religion, have rendred too many 
 perfons Sceptical tu die Material Articles of it. 
 .And if we could better bear with one ano¬ 
 ther, and agree to differ in Religious Matters 
 of lefs Importance, we might thereupon pofli- 
 bly better accord, and more fecond each others 
 endeavours in the defence of the Apoftolical and 
 Athanafiaa Creeds. 
 
 But how ftrangely are the Scots circumffan- 
 ced and ftated, with refpect to their Darien 
 Underta- 
 
( 203 ) 
 
 Undertaking, when thofe of the Romiih Com¬ 
 munion, are alarmed at, and incenfed againft 
 it, upon the Foot, that it will be an Introdu¬ 
 cing of the Reformed Religion into thofe 
 parts of America where it never was; and 
 at the fame time, fome Trotcfhmu are the 
 lefs favourable unto it, bccaufe it may be 
 attended with the Erection of a Form of Ec- 
 clefiaflical .Government and Difcipline there, 
 
 different from thofe of the Chard) of England. 
 Whereas we fhould be thankful to God, that 
 the Reformed M'mon is like to obtain fome 
 footing where ic never had any. And we 
 ought certainly to acknowledge and reckon, 
 ,that this will abundantly compenfate for 
 the Inconvenience of Presbyteries going along 
 with it. 
 
 And how much forty foever I am, that 
 there lhould be fo much of what is properly 
 I’cH-rv fpread among, and received by the 
 Aimrit,Irdi.ms, within the Spanijh Domini¬ 
 ons and lhevinces in the Weft-Mics-, yet I 
 cannot, hut declare my Joy, that the Ckificui 
 Religion, how much foever Sopliiilicatcd and 
 Embafed as well as Emafculated, with and by 
 Romiih Errors and Snperlbitions, is nerathe- 
 lefs conic to be conveyed unto, and planted 
 among them in any Meafure and Degree. See¬ 
 ing thoD’ciJoy can fave no man, yet the Chri- 
 fliiciity that is in the Papal Religion, (in that 
 the Church of Rome believeth whatfoever We 
 do believe) may be a means of laving every 
 man that is upright and iincere, and whole 
 Milfakes, Errors and Supcrllitions, are not 
 die Eilecis either of Wilfulnefs or of Negli- 
 gmce. but of infuperable Ignorance. Which as 
 
( 204 ) 
 
 it doth at the leaft wonderfully extenuate 
 their Crimes and Guilt before God, and ren¬ 
 ders them prepared and qualified Subjects for 
 the Divine Companion, fo it fliould awaken 
 Zeal in fuch as have love for Souls, and are 
 concerned to have the Kingdom of our Lord 
 JESVS Chvift enlarged, both for the rectifying 
 the judgments of thofe poor Indians, which 
 have been v/ofully milled in matters of the 
 Ciiriltian Faith and Worfhip by the Spaniards, 
 and for having the Golpel Preached in the 
 purity and limplicity of it, among thofe Na¬ 
 tive Americans who knew Nothing of it. And 
 it is no finall difgrace unto Proteftant King¬ 
 doms, States and Churches, that while they of 
 the Romifh Church have {hewed themfelvcs 
 fo forward and indufh'ious, and have been at 
 fuch vaft expences, to fend and maintain Mif- 
 fioners in thofe parts, and in Mahometan Coun¬ 
 tries, for the publifhing of the Chriflian Re¬ 
 ligion, tho’ wofully corrupted by fuperadded 
 Doffrines and Superlfitions of their own} that 
 none of thofe ftiled Reformed, have concerned 
 themfelves therein to any purpofc, five where 
 they have Plantations, that will without their 
 Aid, fublift and maintain Preachers, and thefe 
 alfo very poorly fupplyed and provided with 
 pious and able Miniiters. 
 
 And indeed one would wonder, tint after 
 tile Laws ill England, for giving Llbtny to 
 fuch there, as are Diffcnnrs from the Dmcfan 
 Jurifdiftion, and from the Rites, Ceremonies and 
 Modes of IVorjhip ofthc EpifcopalChurclyt ftould 
 raife Jcalouiie, Envy and Pique of and againit the 
 Caledonian Colony, upon the motive that the 
 great body of the Planters , and the Governors 
 and 
 
( 205 ) 
 
 and Directors of that fettlement, vail be of 
 the Presbyterian perfwafion in thofe Extneflcn- 
 tials of Chriltianity. Whereas for my part, 
 were I a Zealot for the Englifh Epifcopacy 
 and Liturgy, neither of which in my opinion, 
 ought to give that offence to Wife, Learned 
 and Good men, which fome pretending to all 
 thofe Chara&ers, have conceived again!!; them; 
 yet I fhould not be forry, to fee fome of the bi- 
 gotted Scots Prcsbyteriansto tranfport themfclves 
 thither, where I am fure they will do lefs 
 harm to the Church of England, and may be to 
 Religion it fell, than they have done, and Rill 
 are like to do nearer at hand. Tho’ even 
 what they are in the very Neighbourhood able 
 to do, againft tire Diocefm Government, and 
 the Liturgical Worihip, will not without a Lock 
 of men of more Learning and difereeter Con¬ 
 duit, than thofe men the Church of Scotland 
 is at prefenc vurnifned with, iignifie much to 
 the difparaging or fupplanting of either, fur¬ 
 ther than as Law and Force do interpofe. 
 And againft that Zlltima Ratio Ecckfu. as well 
 as Ada I know no methods that can lie law¬ 
 fully run into, five thofe of Patience and Hu¬ 
 mility, under Violence and Severity from them, 
 accompanied with Integrity and .Moderation, 
 in tiie firmly keeping and modciliy ailcrting 
 of Epifcopal Principles. 
 
 Nor are the Scots at Caledonia like to be 
 fo bigotted, narrow and peevifh with refer- 
 ience_ to the extraciTentials and circumitanti- 
 als of Religion, as they have been found in 
 Scotland ; in that the Directors and Overfecrs 
 of that Plantation, have emitted a Dccla- 
 r.aio-o, wherein they grant Liberty of Con- 
 J deuce 
 
( 20 6 ) 
 
 fame to 'all that will come and fettle among 
 them. Which as it plainly Ihews, that the 
 denying of it at home, is not upon the foot 
 o {Confcience, feeing on that Foundation they 
 fliould allow it no where \ but that the refu- 
 Jing it in Scotland, is upon the motive of ho. 
 mlntiior ., and worldly Policie *, fo who knows, 
 but that this Precedent of theirs in America , 
 may prove a leading cafe to their being more 
 indulgent that way in Eirrope, than hitherto 
 they could be prevailed upon to be. And 
 that being no longer reftrained by Principles, 
 which guide and over-rule Confcience from 
 granting Liberty to fuch as Dijfent from them 
 in lefler matters of Religion; the Intereft of 
 the Kingdom may in time overfway the pce- 
 vilhnefs of their Clergy. For tho’ I do rea¬ 
 dily acknowledge, that no Liberty upon what- 
 foever pretence of Confcience, is to be gran¬ 
 ted unto any, whofe principles do not only 
 Authorize them to the difturbing and over¬ 
 turning of Civil Government-; but do make 
 the Blafpheming God, and the ridiculing of all 
 revealed Religion venial, and the living brutidily 
 and fenfually Lawful ■, yet in matters that are 
 purely Pveligious, wherein too much rigour 
 and feverity have been commonly exerted, I 
 do take it to be our Duty to bear with, and 
 forbear one another in Love and Peace, for 
 I do really believe it to be one of the info 
 Truths dictated to us by Nature, that where¬ 
 upon a perfon is to venture his Eternal 
 State, that therein he fliould be allowed 
 the liberty and freedom of chooiing for him- 
 
 Finally' 
 
( 207 ) 
 
 Finally this exception will prove the more 
 vaiii, as well as furprizing, if it be but ob- 
 ferved that the Form of Church Government , and 
 the Modes of ChrijH.m Worth ip , even in fome of 
 the Englljh American Plantations , are no lefs 
 diffonant from, and may be of work confe- 
 quence to the Church of England, titan what 
 the Scots are fuppofed refclved to fee up, and 
 to be in the Practice of in their Colony at Da¬ 
 rien, of which if I miftake not, Ncm England 
 and Fcnfilvania , are undeniable Inftancesr In 
 that Indcpcndeincy which fufficiently ftrikes at 
 Epifcopacy , and ail the Ceremonies of Vrclatka.l 
 worfhip, obtains as the legal Form of Govern¬ 
 ment, Difcipline and Worllrip in the (irit, and 
 Qna.hr,-ifm , which is a collection and fyftem 
 of very dangerous errors, both in Doctrin, 
 Worfhip and Difcipline, is the Chriftimity 
 that prevails, and is countenanced in the 
 latter. 
 
 Having now fully reprefen ted the whole, . 
 that 1 Judge either needful, or convenient to 
 be faid, noc only for the Juftification of the 
 Siots, with refpeef to their prefent Underta¬ 
 king, and the Vindicating them therein, from 
 whatfoever with any lhadovv of reafon 
 can be cxceptccl againlt it \ but towards the 
 clearing and demonftrating how fubfervient 
 their being Countenanced, Protected and Af- 
 fiiied in it, will be to the Intcreft of England, 
 and the Dominions thereunto belonging, as 
 well as to Scotland ■ all that doth further re¬ 
 main to Le added, ere I put an end to this 
 difcourD, is to acquit my felt of a pvomife 
 made in one of the foregoing sheets. Name- 
 iv that y.crc I inclinable to recriminate, it 
 
( 208 ) 
 
 were eafy to fatten fome of the worft of tbofe 
 imputations upon the Spaniards, whereof them- 
 felves have been fo liafty to accufe the Scots. 
 And that as the ways of Force, which they have 
 run into, do not correfpond with the Alliances 
 between the Crowns of Great Britain and of 
 Spain ■, So that thro’ having betaken thcmfelves 
 to thofc methods, they have altogether acquit- 
 ed and abfolv’d his Majcjly, from having that 
 amicable and friendly regard to the Memorial 
 prerented unto him, in the name and by the 
 Authority of the King of Spain , that had they 
 pcrfeverc'd in the ways of mildnefs, might have 
 been expected from him. It being unqueftio- 
 nable, that upon their perfevering in thole mea- 
 fures, his Majefty would have comply’d as far 
 with their defires, as either in Juftice he fhould 
 have found himfelf obliged, or as his Royal care 
 for the Inter eft of his Kingdom of Scotland, 
 or the truft repofed in him by that Nation (for 
 the difeharge whereof he is facredlyand folemn- 
 ly bound by Oath ) would have allowed. Nor 
 can it be a trefpafs againft that profound relpect, 
 which is payable to every Crowned head, even 
 by fuch as are the Subjects of other Princes, to 
 intimate in Terras of Deference and Modefty, 
 that the Spaniards, thro’ having betaken them- 
 fdves to ways of Force and violence againft the 
 Scots, and that not only poficriorly, blit antecedent¬ 
 ly, to the prefenting the Memorial , they have 
 transformed that into a Jefl, if not an Affront, 
 which might otherwife have been interpreted 
 an Acl of efieem and kindnefs for his Britannicft 
 Majefty. For whereas the Memorial was not 
 delivered unto the King, until the 3d. of May, 
 1 609 they had above Seven wcev before that, 
 
( 209 ) 
 
 not only detained fuch of the Scots Prifoners, 
 who by Storm and ftrefs of weather had been 
 call upon the Ceeft where they have their Colo¬ 
 nies and Fortificationsbut they had likewife 
 Invaded and ailaulted the Seats, within thei: 
 own Territory and Diftrift, with an armed and 
 military Power. 
 
 By which, the Actings of the Sf.ir.ifi> Cover- 
 murs in America, are not only wholly incongru¬ 
 ous and inconfiftcnt \ and altogether irreconcil¬ 
 able with the proceedings of his Catholick Ma- 
 jefty’-f Ambafifadour at London j but the Crown 
 of Spain is become apparently guilty of the 
 InfraFtion of the Alliances between his Majelly 
 of Great Britain , and that King: For where¬ 
 as it is provided by the Third Article of .the 
 Treaty 1667 , and by the Fourteenth Aniele 
 of the Treaty 1610, Tnat if any Injury fiiail 
 be done by either of the J,'lid Kings, or by the 
 Subjefts of either of than, again]} the Articles of 
 thofe Alliances, or againft common Right, there 
 fin’ll not therefore be given Letters of Rcprifal , 
 Marque, or Coitntcrmarquc, by any of the Confe¬ 
 derates, ttntill finch time as Jnftice is followed in 
 the ordinary mafic of Law, and unlefis upon a 
 denial or an unrcajon.tble delaying of Juft ice. Yet 
 not only while the cafe is depending, and 
 notwithft-anding the afluranee given by his 
 tannick Majelly to the Cathohek King. That 
 he will caufe examine the Jultice or Injuftice 
 of this Kiel of the Scots, and thereupon aft 
 towards the Crown of Spain, according to the 
 meafures of Law and Equity, and the tenour 
 of his Alliances j but even previoufly to then' 
 repvefeutation of that matter unto his Maje- 
 
( 210 ) 
 
 fty, the Spaniards have actually fallen upon tli 
 Scots, in the ways above mention’d. And 
 whereas it is Concerted and Stipulated by the 
 Tenth Article of the Treaty *1670, That if 
 the Ships which do belong to either of thefe Kings, 
 or the Subjdls of either of them, Jhall by ftrefs 
 of weather, or othtrnvifc, be forced into the Ri¬ 
 vers, Bays, Ports, dec. belonging to the other in 
 America, that they fhall be received kindly, and 
 treated with nil Humanity mid Fricndjhip, Yet 
 neverthelefs the Spaniards have in- direct Vio¬ 
 lation of that jirthle, apprehended and kept 
 inch of the Scots PriJ'oncrs, as were forced 
 a Shoar at Curthngoi.t by the Violence of a 
 
 Storm. 
 
 By which as they have plainly made them- 
 
 felves guilty of an Infraction of Alliances be¬ 
 tween the two Crowns -, fo they are become the 
 A'jgrefjlrs in a War, which neither his Majefty 
 nor hisSaw Subjects have given any juft caufcfor, 
 or provocation unto. Andas they have thereby 
 rendred it Lawful for the King to oppofc Force 
 r;, w againft Force, it being received as a Theorem 
 <i. y;, r . of what is Juft and Right by all Nations, 
 ffiOPst. hii(jnit,ts partis ndvcrjx, jujht billa ingcrit, 
 that the doing of wrong by one Party, gives 
 tit C le jut. foundation of a righteous War on their licic 
 ac-Tl ' againft whom it is committedand that of 
 Cmt.iilM. all Wars they are the jufteft, ipitx nlvifrantitr 
 '■M- injmas, which are undertaken for the avenging 
 of Injuries, lb the Spaniards have made his 
 Majefty’s entring into War againft them (in 
 calc they perievere in that Method) indilpcu- 
 labiy neceiBry, unleft he Hiould at once both 
 Sacrifice ldsov.a Giorv and Honour, and aban¬ 
 don 
 
( 211 ) 
 
 don his people for a prey to fuchas arecauie- 
 lefsly their Enemies. The great Duty of c- 
 very fupreme Ruler being to protect his fub- 
 jefts, from receiving of Injuries, or to revenge 
 them when done. And for this end it is, that 
 people becoming united into Societies, cho'e 
 and elefted fuch and fuch to be their Sovc- 
 raigns, that they might as well defend as 
 gorern them; and protect them againft wrongs 
 from others, as well as take care 'for the 
 adminiftring of Jultice among t-hcmfelves. Yea 
 this every King oweth to his People, as they 
 are a part of himfclf fars Ret'hris , ns Gm:n> 2 
 exprefleth it; He and they making one Poli¬ 
 tical Body, whereof as he is the Head, lb they 
 arc the Limbs and Members. 
 
 And that the aggreflcd may at all times en¬ 
 deavour, not only to defend themfclvcs a- 
 gainlt, but that they may alfo Lawfully attack 
 the Aggreflor, while he cominueth to purfue 
 his Hoftility, feems one of the firft dictates 
 of the Law of Nature, being a fentiment 
 wherein all Mankind are agreed.- Yea it is the 
 only remedy and relief left by God, and a- 
 greed upon by Nations, for the Obviating, 
 Withftanding and Punilhing of thole, who 
 upon the motives of Ambition, Covetoufnefs, 
 or of any Lull elfe whatfoever, do feck to 
 Diffurb and Injure others, (foras Pnffcndorf 
 Lays, Vmim fniffet fir.acpiffc nr alter Udatttr , fi 
 nb do faflo it Ufns fitcrit , dammim ipfi gratis 
 (it devorandmu , & c\ui Ufti^ fruBii ftta injuria 
 fccurc , & citra reftifmcm ganders queat , It were 
 d vain thing to have prohibited the doing wrong 
 by one to another , if he who fitfers the Ini my, 
 P 2 Jhall 
 
( 212 ) 
 
 frail be obliged tamely and remidilejly to bear it , 
 and be who commits it , (hall without reprifal made 
 upon , and reparation exalted of him , be allowed 
 in Oiiletnefs and Safety to enjoy the fruits of his 
 l r ,oUncc and Rapine. Nor have the moll civili- 
 y.cd Nations, accounted any provocations what- 
 foever to be a Jufter • caufe, for their making 
 , War, than their having Injuries done to their 
 ’ people. Majorcs Noftri , lays Cicero,frpe Merca- 
 torilms & Naviculariis injnriofuts tractatis bella 
 (ufferunt , Our Auceftors denounced and commenced 
 Wars , in cafe their Merchants , or their Mariners , 
 were wrongfully and abuftvcly dealt with, which 
 • he repeats again elfewhere, laying, Qtiot bella 
 Majorcs noftri fufeeperuut , quod crocs Romani in¬ 
 juria affefti , Navicularii retenti , Mercatorcs fpo- 
 liati diccrentur ■, how many Wars have our Fore¬ 
 fathers undertaken and purfued ., bevaufc of Ro¬ 
 man Citizens being Injured ., their Subjects made 
 Prifoners, and their Merchants pillaged. 
 
 But I hope as well as defire, that the Spa¬ 
 niards will fo far bethink and recollect them- 
 ielvcs, as not to profecute a War againft 
 thofe, that have neither wronged them, nor are 
 willing to be their Enemies, and that they 
 will not only forbear all further Hoflility, 
 but make Satisfaction for any Injury they have 
 dene. Towards the efiedting whereof, little 
 more will be demanded, than the releafing 
 cf thofe, whom they illegally and unrighte- 
 oufly detained as Prifoners, when thrown 
 upon thc-ir Ihoar by the Violence of a Storm; 
 and for the reiloring of whom, they may 
 have alfo fucii of their own in exchange, 
 Who became lawful Prifoners to the Scots 
 thro’ 
 
( 21 ? ) 
 
 thro’ being taken in actual Hoflility, and in 
 the Field of Battle. And that the Spaniards 
 may be brought to calm thoughts, and to 
 a cool temper, it may not be amifs to offer 
 to their confideration, that the flakes for 
 which the Scots and they are about to quarrel, 
 are fo far from being equal, that what the 
 Spaniards are ready to hazard, and going to 
 put upon the Dice of War, is vaftly beyond 
 what the Scots can be expofed to the Risk 
 of. It being plain that the whole which they 
 are capable of loffng is a little fpot of ground 
 upon the IJihrmu , and a few men} whereas 
 the Spaniards, are about to venture no lefs 
 than all their Colonies there, and fomcofthe 
 Richeft Provinces which they have in Amc- 
 ric.i , together with greater proportions of 
 men, whom they are not fo over flocked 
 with, as tochufe to be prodigal in hazarding- 
 them. And as the Spaniards ought ferioufly 
 to ponder, how uncertain the liiue of the 
 War may prove , fo they cannot be igno¬ 
 rant, if fuccefs fliould attend the Scots , 
 what they will rightfully thereupon become 
 entitled unto. It being fettled as a rule 
 among all Nations , that in flieh a cafe, 
 Omnia bona cjtt.t PiBtss habuit vhiotis fieri, what- 
 foever n'as his , or theirs, who are conqucicd, 
 doth in right become theirs who Conquer them. < 5 , 
 ft qua ex hofiibns capitmtnr, jlathu capientium 
 bunt, And that all that is taken from Enemies , 
 doth by the Laws of Nations , fall under 
 the legal Property , as well as the pojftjfon 
 of thofe that ftbdiicd them and took it. Bnt 
 this being a Subject that I have no call 
 to 
 
( 2X4 ) 
 
 to Meddle with, as being neither fr a . 
 med for the Cabinet , nor the Tent , [ 
 fball both decline it, and put an end to 
 this Difcourfe. 
 
 FINIS.